MMaMM - Baa THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES History of The Hammermen of Glasgow ^ & K History of The Hammermen of Glasgow A Study typical of Scottish Craft Life and Organisation BY HARRY LUMSDEN, LL.B. Clerk of the Trades House of Glasgow AND Rev. P. HENDERSON A1TKEN, D.Litt. OXFORD " The hammermen craft represents perhaps the most powerful of ail the manufacturing interests because it represents so many." " When the hammer is still every one in Glasgow has need to feel some apprehension." — Lonn Rosebery — Address to the Incorporation of Hammermen of Glasgow, 30th September, 1910. PAISLEY: ALEXANDER GARDNER VUitihshrv bp ^ppoinimtnt to Ihr Utr UJtuen Uictorm I 9 I 2 LONDON : SIMPKIN, .MARSH AM., HAMILTON, KENT & CO., I.HD. PRINTED BY ALEXANDER GARDNER, PA19I.EV, HD £46/ PREFACE. The object of the following volume has been twofold : (First) To supply to those interested a History of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Glasgow from the earliest times for which records can be found, to the present day; (Second) To give to the general reader a typical and systematic study of the life and organisation of a Scottish craft in its most important relations. Craft histories are already numerous, but so far as the authors are aware the writers of the great majority of them have not attempted to show the craft as an organism playing a con- siderable part in the greater organism of the burgh. This has been one of the chief"aims of the present work, and as a conse- quence it has sometimes been found necessary to draw upon the experience of other crafts or other burghal or even State insti- tutions, to explain or illustrate a phase of craft life in which the records of the Hammermen may have been deficient. For the same reason, copious use has also been made of the records of the Trades House and of the Town Council of Glasgow in whatever connection the Hammermen are referred to in these archives. The authors have divided their labours in accordance with their original scheme. Book I., dealing with the constitution and organisation of the craft, the rights and duties of the craftsmen, and the relation of the craft with the Guildry and the Town Council has been written by Mr. Lumsden, and concludes with a short sketch of the transition to reformed institutions. Book II., which depicts craft life and work, private and public, at kirk and r.; t ■ ' SINGH SH LOCAL vi. PREFACE. market, in change-house and writing-rooms, at hospital and hall, has been taken up by Dr. Aitken. He has also written the general introduction. The work has been made much easier by the many facilities and kind assistance rendered by Mr. Hugh Moncrieff, Clerk of the Incorporation; and the unique collection of examples of crafts- manship recently housed in the Scottish National Historical Exhibition at Kelvingrove, has made it possible to provide illus- trations of hammermen handiwork, many specimens having been actually made in Glasgow by craftsmen whose names may be found in the membership roll. CONTENTS. PAGE HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION, - xvii. BOOK I. The Craft in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Part I. — Origin, Constitution, and Composition of the Craft. Chapter I. — Introductory — Origin, Nature, and Constitution, - - i „ II. — Freemen, ..___-..- g „ III. — Apprentices and the Apprentice System, - - - 22 „ IV. — Servants, _________ 31 Part II. — Management of the Craft. „ V. — The Deacon Officials and Master Court and their Duties, - 36 „ VI. — The Jurisdiction of the Deacon and Masters,- - - 47 Part III. — Rights and Privileges of the Craftsmen. „ VII. — Demarcation of Work, -------55 „ VIII. — Relations with the Hammermen of Gorbals and other Un- freemen, - - - - - - - - - 61 „ IX. — Markets and Fairs, -------- 70 Part IV. — Duties and Obligations of the Craftsmen. „ X. —Burgess Duties, - ------78 „ XI. — Craft Duties, ---------85 Part V. — Finance. „ XII. — The Funds, --------- 04 viii CONTENTS. PAGE Part VI. — The Craft in Relation to the Guildry, the Trades House, and the Town Council. Chapter XIII. -The Craft in relation to the Guildry, the Guild Brethren, and the Deacon Convener's Council or Trades House, 101 „ XIV. -The Functions and Work of the Trades House and its actual Relations with the Craft, - - - - 113 „ XV. — Relations with the Burgh and the Town Council, - 131 „ XVI. — The Transition to Free Trades and Reformed Institutions, 144 BOOK II. Craft Life and Work. Chapter I. — The Altar of S. Eloi, - - 151 „ II. — At Kirk, - - - 154 „ III. — At Market, - - 157 „ IV. — At the Change House, - - - 162 „ V. — At the Trades Hospital, - - - 165 „ VI. — At the Session House, - - 178 VII.— At the "Black Bull Inn," - 185 M VIII. — At the Trades Hall, - 197 „ IX. — The Craft's Share in Public Affairs, - - - -219 APPENDIXES. Appendix to Book I. — I. — The Seal of Cause of the Incorporation of Hammermen, 1536, 251 II. — Act of the Town Council anent Entry Fees of the Hammermen, 1676, - - ------ 253 III. — Ratifications by the Town Council of Agreements between the Hammermen of Glasgow and of Gorbals, 1668 and 1693, 254 IV. — Specimen Accounts and Extracts, 1691 to 1800, - - - 257 CONTENTS. ix. Appendix to Book L- V. — Report by Committee of Clerks on the Ratification of Incorpora- tion Bye-Laws, 1910, ----- _ 281 VI. — List of Members, 1616 to 191 1, and their Essays, etc., - - 286 VII. — Index of Members' Names, 1616 to 191 1, - 365 VIII. — List of Collectors (from 1616) and Deacons (from 1604), with Capital Stock of the Incorporation, 1800 to 191 1, - - 387 IX. — List of Hammermen who have held office as Deacon Convener of the Trades of Glasgow, 1605 to 191 1, - - - 391 X. — Clerks to the Incorporation from 161 6, - - - - 392 XI. — Regulations for Custody of the Decree of Declarator, 1777, - 393 XII. — James Watt and the Glasgow Hammermen, - 394 Appendix to Book II. — I. — The Archives of the Craft : a short Descriptive Catalogue of the Hammermen's Records, ------- 407 II. — Notarial Copy of Extract Act of Council ratifying and confirming certain Acts of the Incorporation, ----- 428 III. — The Essay in Practice — Robert Napier's Experience, - - 433 Index, - - 435 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. The Spirit of Vulcan, - - - - Frontispiece Coat of Arms of the Incorporation, as engraved on a Stone taken from an old Glasgow Building demolished in course of the City Improvement Trust Operations, and now in Kelvingrove Museum, facing 1 Stone removed from the Gatehouse of the Bishop's Castle of Glasgow in 1760, afterwards built into the Family Mansion of Sir William Dunbar, Bart., at Mochrum, Wigtonshire. The Stone bears the Paternal Arms of Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow (1524- 1547), who consented to the Magistrates and Council granting the Seal of Cause to the Hammermen, -----„ 8 Facsimile of page 1 of first Minute Book, - - - - -„ 16 Facsimile of page 139 of first Minute Book, ----- „ 24 Deacon's Medal and Chain and Collector's Medal, 191 2, - - „ 36 Keys of Deacon's and Collector's Chests, ----- „ 40 Specimens of Old Hammermen Work in the Scottish National Exhibition, Glasgow, 1911 — Lighting and Heating: Lanterns, Candle-Bowats, Sconces, Cruisies, etc., -----,, 48 Specimens of Old Hammermen Work in the Scottish National Exhibition, Glasgow, 1911 — Domestic and Tavern Pewter: Plates, Ashets, Egg Cups, Pepper Castors, Cups, Salt Cellars, Candlesticks, etc., --------- w Specimens of Old Hammermen Work in the Scottish National Exhibition, Glasgow, 191 1 — Baking and Brewing: Girdles, Toasters, Pot Hooks, Pot Stills, etc., ----- Specimens of Old Hammermen Work in the Scottish National Exhibition, Glasgow, 191 1 — Armour: Steel Bonnets, Breast Plates, Two-handed Swords, and Pistols, - - - - - Facsimile of page 127 of first Minute Book, - - - - - Glasgow Cathedral, --------- 56 72 So 152 Xll. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Old Cross of Glasgow, - - - facing 160 Specimens of Old Hammermen Work in the Scottish National Exhibition, Glasgow, 191 i— Silver, ------ J} 190 Specimens of Old Hammermen Work in the Scottish National Exhibition, Glasgow, 191 1 — Silver, - - „ 200 Old College of Glasgow, -- ---,,212 Well-known Hammermen of the past (No. 1), - - „ 248 Facsimile of the first page of the Collector's Account Book (1691-1776), „ 257 Well-known Hammermen of the past (No. 2), ----., 286 Members of the Master Court, 1912, - - ,. 364 James Watt, --- - -- -„ 394 .lames Watt's House in Glasgow, ... „ 404 Relics of the Glasgow Hammermen in the Scottish National Exhibition, Glasgow, 191 1, ------- n 406 AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. Short style of citing, ii any. Hazlitt. Brentano. I. — General. The Gild Merchant — C. Gross. Oxford, 1890. Two Thousand Years of Guild Life— The Rev. J. Malet Lambert, M.A., LL.D The Livery Companies of the City of London — W. C. Hazlitt. The History and Development of Guilds — Lujo Brentano. The Lives of the Saints — Baring-Gould. Formation and Decay of Craft Guilds — Rev. H. Cunningham. Firma Burgi — T. Madox. Early English Guilds — J. Toulmin Smith. Anglo-Saxon Laws—B. Thorpe. II. — Scottish. Ancient Laics and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland, 1 124-1424 — Cosrno Innes (Burgh Records Series). Scotland in the Middle Ages — Cosmo Innes. Marwick. Observations on Early Guilds of Merchants and Craftsmen, by Sir James D. Marwick, LL.D. ( Proceedings of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow). Report of Royal Commission on Market Rights and Tolls, Vol. VII., including Appendix, with List of Markets and Fairs of Scotland, and Notes by Sir James D. Marwick, LL.D. E. B. R. Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh. Records of the Town Council of Aberdeen. Hume Brown. History of Scotland — P. Hume Brown, LL.D. Scotland in the Time of Queen Mary — P. Hume Brown, LL.D. Historical Account of the Blue Blanket, etc., Edinburgh — Alexander Pennicuik. Burgh Laws of Dundee — Alexander J. Warden, F.S.A. Scot. Bain. Merchant and Craft Guilds: a History of the Aberdeen Incorporated Trades — Ebenezer Bain. XIV. AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. Short style of citing, if any. Edinburgh Dean of Guild Court — R. Miller. The Hammermen of Edinburgh and their Altar in St. Giles Cathedral — John Smith. The Incorporated Trades of Edinburgh — Colston. Social Life ill Scotland in the Eighteenth Century— Henry Grey Graham. Literary and Historical Essays — Henry Gray Graham. The Dunfermline Hammermen — William Thomson. III.— Local. G. B. R. Records of the Burgh of Glasgoiv. Glasgow Charters. Glasgow Protocols — Robert Renwick. M'Ure. History of Glasgow — M'Ure, 1736. Glasgow Past and Present — Robert Reid (Senex). Glasgow — the Water Supply and Various Developments of the City till the Close of 1 goo — Sir James D. Marwick, LL.D. Rise and Progress of Glasgow — Cleland. Old Glasgoiv : The Place and the People — Andrew Macgeorge. Chronicles of St. Mungo — Glasgow, 1843. Handbook of Glasgow — Robert Renwick. Glasgow Memorials — Robert Renwick. The Book of Glasgow Cathedral — George Eyre-Todd. History of the Cathedral and See of Glasgoiv — Pagan. Vieivs and Notices of Glasgow — R. Stuart. Crawfurd. Sketch of the Trades House of Glasgow — George Crawfurd. Hill. View of the Merchants' House of Glasgow— W. H. Hill, LL.D. T. H. R. Records of the Trades House of Glasgow, 1605-1678 — Glasgow, 19 10. T.H.R. (MS.) MS. do. do. lyrjetseo. Excerpts from the Records of the Lncorporation of Tailors of Glasgow —J. M. Taylor, LL.D. History of the Lncorporation of Cordiners in Glasgow — William Campbell. Chronicles of the Lncorporation of Maltmen, Glasgow — Robert Douie and Franc Gibb Dougall. Old Glasgoiv Weavers : being Records of the Lncorporation of Weavers of Glasgow — Deacon R. D. M'Ewan. The Lncorporation of Bakers of Glasgoiv — James Ness, LL.B. Annals of the Skinners' Craft in Glasgow — W. H. Hill, LL.D. AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO. xv. Short style of citing, if any. Historical Memoranda connected with The Incorporation of Wrights in Glasgow — James Reid, LL.D. The Cooper Craft, etc. — William Craig, S.S.C. Sketch of the Incorporation of Masons — James Cruikshank, with Notes by W. H. Hill, LL.D. History of the Incorporation of Gardeners of Glasgow, 1626-IQ03 — P. Baird M'Nab. Records of the Iticorporation of Barbers, Glasgow — James B. Tennent. The Incorporation of Bonnetmakers and Dyers of Glasgow — R. Murray Dunlop. Memorials of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow — Dr. Duncan. IV. — Glasgow Hammermen Records. Minutes. MS. Minute Books of the Incorporation of Hammermen. Act Book. MS. Book of Acts of the Iticorporation of Hammermen, 1618-1733. MS. Register of the Collectors' Accounts, 1691-1766. MS. do. do. 1766 1816. MS. The Decree of Declarator, 1777. (As to these, see Appendix to Book II.) HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. "The Incorporation of the Hammermen of Glasgow" — The name alone is historically suggestive, (i) Incorporation : Union of members in an Association under State sanction —A Guild. (2) Hammermen: men who ply the hammer as their distinctive tool — Smiths? — Many trades comprised — The designation implies a coalition of kindred crafts. (3) This union is established in all industrial centres independently — Not national but civic — What the name tells us : At a certain place a number of artizans of allied occupations first combined and formed a primitive Trade Union and thereafter secured a formal recognition on the part of the State of their de facto incorporation— Not created by charter — The function of a charter essentially confirmatory. " Hammermen " associated in Glasgow long before 1536, the date of their "Seal of Cause " or Charter — Proved by casual reference to their Saint's altar — The occasion and object of that charter — Guild the pre-supposition of a charter, not vice versa — What does Guild mean? (a) The name; (h) The thing it describes: (a) Etymology; (b) History — A difficult problem to solve — Different interpretations of the word involve varying accounts of the thing — (i.) The guilds of ancient Greece and Rome : (ii.) The guilds of ancient Germany : (Hi.) The guilds of India and Russia — Their relation — The Hansa— The Hanseatic League and its parallel in Scotland — The " Laws of the Burghs " — The Frith- guild and its pre-Christian origin — The influence of Rome — Early Anglo-Saxon guilds — Religious associations of laymen — Social religions and asceticism — The policy of the Church — Guilds in England and Scotland in Norman and Plantagenet times — Liveries and badges — Chaucer's picture of a guild "outing" — The civic aspect of mediaeval guilds — The guild in relation to the burgh — Its status and function in the community — Guild life and work — Members and non-members — The Scotch guild — Its English origin and association anterior to the War of Independence— Early historical notices— The Gilda Mercatoria — Voluntary association of craftsmen against traders — Tyranny of the latter — The conflict and its issue— Crafts' charters — The Aberdeen Hanse (1 179) — Thir- teenth century guilds in Scotland — Later history — The foreign influx after the Flemish marriage alliance of James II. (1449) — Its influence on Scottish crafts development — Earliest " Seals of Cause " — Conveneries of the sixteenth century — The Edinburgh Hammermen (1483) — The Chartered Hammermen of Glasgow (1536) — The climax of the craft system in Scotland— The crafts and the Reformation in Scotland. The premier Craft Guild in the Trades House of Glasgow is known as The name of "The Incorporation of the Hammermen of (or of Hammermen in) poraUon'iis Glasgow." We shall see that this very name is historically suggestive, and historically that its three elements indicate as many stages in its evolution. (1) In the first place.it is designated as an " Incorporation," that is, |j" t n °!' P rr r n Yon a union of members in an association, fraternity, or body of men voluntarily of members associated for certain purposes, under State sanction ; in other words, the !■";,*,"„ under modern representative and actual survival of the ancient and mediaeval state , . . , _. sanction — combination known as a GUILD. A Guild XVIII. THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Hammer- men : men who ply the hammer a coalition of kindn il crafts. The associa- tion of local origin nol national but civic. This union not created by charter. The function of a charter essentially confirmatory'. (2) In the second place, this association consists of "hammermen," i.e., men who wield the hammer, as their most distinctive and characteristic implement. The question might be asked by an outsider why are they called "Hammermen" and not "Smiths"? The answer is that the two terms are not exactly synonymous, for the "men of the hammer" com- prised the following crafts, viz., blacksmiths ; goldsmiths ; lorimers, or, in modern parlance, saddlers' ironmongers; saddlers; cutlers; buckler-makers; armourers; dalmascars, i.e., damasccners, or those who ornamented metal (and especially sword-blades) by inlaying or otherwise, in such a way as to produce an effect which originally suggested that of damask ; guard-makers, i.e., sword-handle makers ; belt makers ; knockmakers, i.e., clockmakers ; locksmiths, who were distinct from blacksmiths ; shearmakers, a separate branch of cutlers ; pewterers, i.e., those who worked in pewter ; dagmakers, i.e., arrowsmiths ; braziers ; white-iron men, i.e., tinsmiths ; and several others. The designation of " Hammermen," therefore, implies the coalition of many kindred crafts. (3) In the third place, the local designation, "of or in Glasgow," indicates the local origin of the association, and implies, as was the fact, that such unions were originally established in all industrial centres independently, i.e., of a central organization or authority. In other words, this, like every other craft guild in Scotland, was, in its origin, an institution of burghal rather than of national character. We thus see that what the name — "The Incorporation of the Hammermen of Glasgow" — tells us of the craft history is : — At a certain place a number of artizans engaged in several allied occupations, after following these independently of each other for some time, ultimately saw fit to combine and form a kind of primitive Trades' Union, and then that some time subsequently, after working together in this purely voluntary association, they secured a formal recog- nition and confirmation, on the part of the State, of their already, de facto, established Incorporation. We must not imagine that their union was created by the issue of their charter. Although we have no documentary evidence in proof of the statement, the Hammermen of Glasgow formed a united craft for generations before they sought and obtained their Seal of Cause from the Archbishop of Glasgow, the Chancellor of Scotland, under his " Round Seal," along with the " Common Seals " respectively of the Chapter and the City of Glasgow. The only difference this made to them was that their union was now formally legalized, and they were henceforth entitled to enjoy, de jure, what they had formally exercised de facto. In point of fact, the function of a charter, whether royal, ecclesiastical, or municipal, was essentially confirmatory of practices and privileges already HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. xix. established or even of long standing. The fact that the hammermen craftsmen were associated in Glasgow long before iith October, 1536, the date of their " Seal of Cause," or Charter, is incidentally proved by the quite casual reference which this document contains to the altar to the patron saint of all hammermen, S. Eloi in the Cathedral of Glasgow. A Casual refer- reference to the charter will clearly show that the altar with its chaplainry of'causc" 63 and ornaments, is alluded to in such a tangential and off-hand manner proves 1 ■ . m r -i- 1 1 .1 " Hammer- just because its existence and office were so familiarly known at the m en"asso- time the charter was written. A further reference to the same document ^ ;lted ln Glasgow long will show the occasion and object for which it was drawn, and a comparison before 1536. of it with that of the Edinburgh Hammermen, dated 2nd May, 1483, will reveal a remarkable resemblance extending even to the very terms employed. We thus see that a charter presupposes the actual previous formation of a guild, and not vice versa. This leads us to enquire what is the meaning and origin of the term "Guild." In answering the question, What does "Guild" mean? we have to notice two points — (a) the Name; " Guild," its (b) the Thing it describes. Under the first head we have to investigate its and"his°ory. etymology, and under the second, to trace the history and development of the ancient institution so named. This is a question of undoubted interest, but its discussion and solution are attended with great difficulty and dubiety. It is not necessary, however, in this place to prosecute this enquiry in Original detail. It will be sufficient to state that there are two old Teutonic words "le^term ° that are very similar in form but differ in meaning, from either of which the word "Guild" may have come. The first means a company or fellowship; the second, a payment, and is connected with the word " yield." As it happens, when we speak of a guild we imply both these meanings, for it is a "confraternity, brotherhood, or association formed for the mutual aid and protection of its members or for the prosecution of some common purpose." It is also almost invariably supported by their contributions. Primarily, the word is applied to associations of mediaeval origin, fulfilling much the same functions as modern benefit societies, but especially the provision of masses for the souls of deceased members and the payment of " wergild " in cases of justifiable homicide. In later times the guilds of this social religious type underwent development in various directions, some becoming purely religious confraternities, while others, acquiring secular rights and privileges, eventually developed into municipal corporations. The Merchant Guild (or Guild Merchant), an incorporated society of a town or city having exclusive rights of trading within the town, is not found before the Conquest, but on the Continent the thing and name were older. In many xx. THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. English towns, and in the royal burghs of Scotland, the Merchant Guild became the governing body of the town. Survival of In Scotland the name of "Guild" is still preserved in the "Dean of ••Guild "in Guild." The trade guilds which in England came into prominence in the Scotland. fourteenth century were associations of persons exercising the same craft, formed for the purpose of protecting and promoting their common interests. In some towns the representatives of these bodies superseded the older organisations as the municipal authority. The trade guilds are historically represented in London by the Livery Companies, but they are not ordinarily known as guilds, and retain little of their ancient functions. The idea of The formation of associations for mutual protection and benefit was a the guild is , ,. , r . , , . ,, , . ., Cosmopolitan natural proceeding on the part of the poor and weak in all ages and in all lands, and so we are not surprised to find the idea of club or corporate life represented in different societies and civilisations in accordance with the necessities and demands of which they were the appropriate answer and supply. The idea and principle is the same, but its expression and embodiment is determined by the particular conditions of each case. Thus, in countries so distant and diverse as India and Russia, we find in the caste organisations and brotherhoods of the former the analogue of the " artels " of the latter. Guilds in There were guilds in ancient Greece and Rome three hundred years Greece. before Christ ; indeed, we read in Plutarch of their existence in the reign of Numa. In Greece they were called " Eranoi," and from what we can learn of them from casual references in classical writers, they seem to have resembled very much the guilds of mediaeval Europe, both in their objects and organisation. Those of Rome were called " Collegia, 1 ' and were associations mainly of the labouring and artizan classes for mutual assist- ance and fellowship, and particularly in connection with funeral duties. It was under the guise of membership in such burial societies that the early Christians secured immunity for their secret services in the underground cemeteries or catacombs of Rome. Guilds in Even the Roman soldiers had their military guilds or benefit societies, Rome. although this was forbidden by the authorities, and it is not impossible that in this way the veterans of the Roman legions may have imparted their methods and administration to the northern nations where they were settled for centuries. But, whether this was the case or not, the guild in Germany dates back to pagan times. Early Anplo- Among our own Anglo-Saxon ancestors, the earliest form of the guild was that of the " frith-borh " or peace-pledge. This primitive associa- tion was a local co-operation for mutual help and defence and formed a HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. xxi. kind of corporate assurance of life and property in those rude and dangerous times. The members of the frith guild, possessing land as citizens or burgesses within the city or town, were often traders, and so the frith guild became the trade guild or guild merchant, and this frequently became the municipal authority. On the Continent, the guild was oppressed by the secular and ecclesi- astical authorities alike, but it struggled slowly into independence, power, and opulence, and the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries witnessed its fullest development, especially in England. The famous Hansa, that mediaeval confederation of the North German The Hansa. seaports from the mouth of the Rhine to the Gulf of Finland, of which Lubeck was the centre, and which had allies oversea, became, in the thirteenth and following centuries, a power in Europe that could dictate terms to neighbouring princes and potentates. In 1 179, a hundred years before the league of Lubeck and Hamburg, Aberdeen was already noted for its prosperous and powerful Hansa ; but the closest parallel to this maritime and mercantile league is to be found in the federation of the four ancient Scottish burghs, Edinburgh, Stirling, Berwick, and Roxburgh, with their common code of laws, the famous Leges Burgorum. We find allusion made to the old Anglo-Saxon guilds in the laws of Guilds— Ina (A.D. 6S8-725), and in the Dooms of Athelstan (A.D. 924-940). These socmtlons^f primitive brotherhoods of our Teutonic ancestors, whether they were /«.'/»"«• originally appropriations from, or approximations to, the organization and administration of the military collegia of the Roman soldiery (as they might very well have been), or whether (as the amour propre of modern German scholarship seems to have decided), they were absolutely of native growth and unaffected by southern influence, these prehistoric guilds, as we may call them, were soon captured by the missionaries of the Church and placed under its protection, and the patronage of some Catholic saint in place of their northern demigod. They thus combined the character of religious fraternities, while maintaining their original social nature. They became and remained, till their general disruption, disendowment, and dispersal at the Reformation, religious associations of laymen. Their existence side by side with the ascetic orders of cenobites and friars is a strong historic proof at once of the statesmanlike policy of the Papal curia, and of the spirit of comprehensive co-ordination and imperial toleration which has always marked the best life and progress of that ecclesiastical suzerainty which succeeded to the world-throne of the Caesars. Chaucer's It is, of course, impossible within the compass of a paragraph, to write picture of a the history of guilds in England and Scotland in Norman and Plantagenet "outing." xxii. THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. times ; that is, to trace their gradual expansion and development in numbers, extent, and influence, from the middle of the twelfth to the end of the fourteenth century. Suffice it to say, that we possess in the master- piece of Geoffrey Chaucer, an excellent and vivid picture of the varied membership of a mediaeval guild engaged in a pilgrimage from London to Canterbury. The description is that of an eye-witness, and the "outing" to S. Thomas a Becket's shrine is a typical illustration of the kind of social functions which helped to make and keep such confraternities popular and prosperous : — " An Haberdassher and a Carpenter, A Wcbbe, a Dyere, and a Tapicer, Were with us eek, clothed in o liveree Of a solerapne and greet fraternitie, Ful fresh and newe Mr gere apyked was, Hir knives were y-chaped noght with bras But al with silver, wroght ful clene and weel, Hir girdles and hir pouches every deel, Wei seraed ech of hem a fair burgeys. To sitten in a yeldhalle on a deys. Everich, for the wisdom that he can Was shaply for to been an alderman. For catel hadde they y-nogh and rente, And eek hir wyves wolde it wel assente ; And elles certein were they to blame. It is ful fair to been y-clept 'ma dame,' And goon to vigilyes al bifore, And have a mantel royallich y-bore." The civic But it would be an error to imagine that the function of a guild was aspect of solely or mainly to arrange (like a modern slate-club) picnic-parties and guilds. holiday junketings for its members. The most important social aspect of the mediaeval guild was its share in municipal affairs and its increasing tendency to develop its civic functions and status. Indeed, it is hardly possible to over-estimate the importance of its corporate influence upon the social conditions and political culture of the time. Just as the alderman of the ancient "Cnihten guild" was, according to Madox (Firma Btirgi, p. 30), the alderman of the merchant guild, so, too, in Scotland the gildce mercatoria stood at the head of the towns. Though these consisted chiefly of merchants and traders, from the first, craftsmen, as such, were not excluded from them on principle if only they possessed the full citizenship of the town, depending on the holding of estate of a certain value within the territory of the town. Their subsequent separation and antagonism probably developed slowly and by degrees, for, originally, we HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. xxiii. gather that craftsmen traded in the raw materials which they manufactured. Thus, for instance, we learn from Toulmin Smith (English Guilds, p. xiv.) that the London tailors were, even in the time of Edward I II, the great importers of woollen cloth. But this early agreement ended when the wealthy and powerful members of the guild of merchants developed a policy of concentration which involved the exclusion of the craftsman as such. On the other hand, the close corporation of the civic patricians called forth the resolute opposition of the less favoured, and the brotherly co-operation of the weak, by the end of the Plantagenet period, proved too strong for their opponents and oppressors. As Toulmin Smith shows (p. cxi.), the ordinance of the London citizens in Edward II.'s time that no person, whether an inhabitant of the city or not, should be admitted to its freedom unless he were a member of one of the trades or mysteries, indicates clearly that the victory was with the craftsmen. But the story of how the craft guilds arose that succeeded thus, by the beginning of the fifteenth century, in either snatching the municipal government from the hands of the old burgher guilds or at least in obtaining a share of it, is, as he admits, one that is subject to consider- able discussion and controversy. The limits of space allow of only the briefest reference to the rise and The guild in growth of guilds in Scotland. Derived in the first instance from England in organization and administration, they closely resembled their southern originals. The earliest statute fixing the date of a burghal election, which has been more or less observed ever since, sets side by side the names of "aldermen" and "bailyeis," and prior to the Scottish War of Independence, national jealousies had not interfered with this neighbourly exchange. David 1.(1124-1153), who had succeeded his brother Edgar in 1107, as Earl or Prince of Cambria, while introducing a new and chivalrous aris- tocracy as Cosmo Innes (Scotland in the Middle Ages, p. 155), informs us, did not neglect the third class of society. It must, indeed, have proved a boon to a country like Scotland in the beginning of the twelfth century, but gradually recovering from the ruinous upheaval and destruction of an age of anarchy, to obtain that famous statute of the Leges Burgoruvi, which enacts: " gif ony mannis thryll, barounis, or knychtis, cummys to burgh and byis a borowage, and dwellis in his borowage a twelf moneth and a day, foroutyn challenge of his lorde or of his bailye, he sail be ever mare fre as a burges within that kingis burgh, and joyse the fredome of that burgh " (c. 15). David thus threw round these towns and trading communities the protection of the law, and encouraged them to elect for themselves office- XXIV. THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The Flemish marriage of James II. Foreign com- petition — " Seals of Cause. " bearers to manage their common affairs, and magistrates to administer justice among them, and aid them in taking up a posture of self-defence against aggression. Thanks to this wise and beneficial legislation, the burgher and trading class during the following century became fairly wealthy and powerful, as is indirectly proved by their numerous substantial gifts to the religious houses of the various orders. The main points in which the civic side of early guild life and work in Scotland differed from English usage were these : — (i) The distinction of burghs as royal burghs, burghs of regality, and burghs of barony, this classification being unknown in England. (2) Burgh legislation was more uniform in its constitution, as it was more national in its sanction and promulgation. (3) There was no body of general laws dealing with municipalities in England like the Leges Burgorum. (4) The Convention of Royal Burghs in Scotland finds no federal parallel south of the Tweed. Thus, though Scotland seems to have borrowed some of her early burghal laws from England, the general development of her municipal history in the Middle Ages resembles that of the Continent more closely than that of England. By the middle of the fifteenth century, associations for mutual self-help and protection of common interests, were well established among craftsmen as well as traders. No event seems to have contributed more to stimulate and improve industrial and artistic progress in Scotland, than the marriage, in 1449, of James II. to Mary, daughter of Arnold, Duke of Gueldres. The historian of the hammermen of Edinburgh points out that the influx of Flemish lords and ladies to the Scottish Court in consequence of this alliance, would tend to raise the standard of artistic handiwork. "These foreigners," as he says, "dissatisfied with the skill of the native craftsmen, would import a number of articles from their more advanced countries. From importation of these goods to the arrival of the makers was but a step, and with these would come the information regarding foreign guilds. The craftsmen of Edinburgh awoke to the fact that unless they wished to be crushed by these rivals, something in the way of co-operation was necessary. Consequently, from 1456 to 1525, petitions from no fewer than seventeen trades and crafts were presented to the HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. xxv. Town Council craving incorporation for protection." 1 Such early charters were called " Seals of Cause." That of the hammermen of Edinburgh is dated 1483, which is fifty-three years earlier than that of the Glasgow Incorporation. But, as we have seen already, the hammermen of Glasgow were not created by this charter. It merely confirmed and formally legalized the privileges they had formerly claimed and exercised. The religious element which characterized all the mediaeval guilds and Why the assumed a prominent place in their ordinances, was what ultimately g u i- v. W j re afforded the ground, or pretext, for their abolition in the sixteenth century. P. Henderson Aitken. 1 John Smith, The Hammermen of Edinburgh : Edinburgh, 1906. Book I. Coat oj Arms oj the Incorporation as engraved on a slum taken from an old Glasgow building demolished in course oj the City Improvement Trust operations, and now in Kelvingrove Musi um. History of the Hammermen of Glasgow. Book I. The Craft in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. PART I. Origin, Constitution, and Composition of the Craft. CHAPTER I. Introductory — Origin, Nature, and Constitution. The rise of Crafts in Scotland— Legal and social conditions — The Merchant Guilds — Voluntary associations of craftsmen — Crafts controlled by the Town Councils — Desire for inde- pendence — Legal recognition claimed : The first Seal of Cause in Scotland : Composite Crafts — The Hammerman Craft composite — Its place in Scottish history — Its precedence in status : Glasgow a Burgh of Regality — The incorporation of Glasgow trades : The Hammermen of Glasgow — Seal of Cause, 1556 — Craftsmen setting up booths to be burgesses — Payment on setting up booth — Apprentices and servants — Examination of work— Meetings — Discipline— Punishment for offences — Masters and headsmen punish- able for failure to enforce rules : Later grants by the Council. It is unnecessary to do more than refer briefly and very generally to The rise of the social and legal conditions of the time (the first half of the fifteenth Crafts in century) when Crafts in Scotland came to ask for public recognition. The Provost and Magistrates in royal burghs were delegates of the Crown, and, amongst other duties, maintained law and order. They and the common councillors looked after the general interests of the community. They were all burgesses. 1 In most burghs, the burgesses were divided into two classes : those who traded, bought and sold, imported and exported — viz., the Merchants ; and those who manufactured the articles they dealt in — viz., the Craftsmen. Amongst the rank of merchant burgesses 1 Burgess may be shortly defined as a legally recognised free inhabitant of a burgh. I THE HAMMKRMEN OF GLASGOW. Legal and social conditions. The merchant Guilds. Voluntary associations of craftsmen. were also to be found many of the landed proprietors of the burgh and surrounding district. The burgesses were familiarly known, also, as Freemen. 1 All non-burgess inhabitants were unfreemen, and were of a lower order, such as servants, journeymen, apprentices, or, it may be, bondsmen. Men from other burghs, whether freemen or unfreemen, burgess or non-burgess, were " strangers." The legal privilege had long been clearly established in Scotland that no man should carry on a trade or business unless he were a burgess of the town in which he plied his vocation. Obviously, if the trade of the town were to be the exclusive privilege of its burgesses, some means of safe- guarding this privilege had to be looked for, and in combination amongst the craftsmen of leading trades the means was found. This was no new idea. For some centuries before the fifteenth, the burgesses of the Guild in English towns, and for something like two centuries the burgesses of the Guild in Scottish burghs, had, by grants from the Crown or the over-lord of their burgh, gained legal recognition, if not a corporate existence, which gave them not only a monopoly of the commerce of their districts, and sometimes far beyond these limits, but also the control of municipal affairs in their burgh. 2 The doors of these Guilds were closed to most craftsmen burgesses, and therefore voluntary association became, amongst the excluded rank, more and more desirable. Such voluntary associations of craftsmen existed in Scotland earlier than 1424, for the second Parliament of King James I., held at Perth, passed an Act, on 12th March of that year, ordaining that in each town in Scotland each craft should, with the consent of the " Officer of the town," choose a wise man of the craft to be deacon or master over the rest, to govern and assay all work made by the men of that craft, so that the King's lieges should not be defrauded as in times past by "untrue men of the crafts." But this statute was repealed in 1427 (Cap. 4), and a few months later another statute was passed by the Council General of the Realm directing the Town Council of each burgh to elect a warden of each craft for one year, who, with the advice of discreet men appointed by the 1 Freeman was first so called in contradistinction to the bondsman. Later, a freeman was (a) he who enjoyed the freedom of the burgh — i.e., the burgess; or (b), from another point of view, the burgess who was a member — i.e., had obtained the freedom— of his Guild or his Craft. 1 The Guilds of Scotland were probably at first voluntary associations of merchant burgesses and landowners formed for the purpose of fostering the commerce and trade of the town, and mutually protecting each other's interests. They were a select body of the more wealthy and influential burgesses, who soon endeavoured to secure the whole commerce of the burgh for themselves alone. INTRODUCTORY. 3 Town Council, should examine and fix the price of work. This statute or ordinance, it was declared, should extend to the masons, wrights, smiths, 1 tailors, and weavers. While, however, the men forming a particular craft might meet together Crafts and draw up rules to prevent unfreemen carrying on trade, to prevent the Town ^ freemen turning out " insufficient work," to regulate the training of appren- Councils, tices and the employment of servants and journeymen, and other rules to foster their trade, and perhaps in time acquire a monopoly, yet all rules were found in practice to be of little service without the power of quickly enforcing them by legal methods. If a dispute occurred, and the authority of the head men of the craft, or of the warden, was set at naught, the law had to be invoked through the Provost and Magistrates. And statutes were repeatedly being passed by the Scots Parliament, from 1427 to 1493, forbidding the election of deacons of crafts, and, where deacons chanced already to be elected, confining their powers to the "examination of work." It was a round-about and lengthy procedure to make and try a complaint before the Provost and Magistrates. They might be wholly unacquainted with, and indifferent to, the subject matter in dispute, for the majority, if not the whole, of the Councils in these days were burgesses of the Guild, Desire forin- from which most craftsmen were excluded. It was, therefore, seen to be dependence, necessary that some authority should be obtained for enforcing rules with- out undue delay, and that before an unprejudiced tribunal with a practical knowledge of the matter in hand. The craftsman's privileges went no further than this — that a master tradesman must be a burgess of the burgh. The Craft in association, however, desired to go further — as far, indeed, as the merchants of the Guild — and to be able to say, "a master craftsman must not start in business until he is a member of our body ; until we have tried him and found him a good worker ; until he has agreed to follow the rules we have laid down to be observed by all in common — and we will deal summarily with all delinquents, in the first instance, at our own hands." A plan similar to that hitherto followed in England, France, and other Legal countries in Europe, was followed in Scotland, viz., an appeal or petition recognition was presented to the Provost and Magistrates praying for the powers and privileges desired, for the sanction of the rules or " statutes " of the trade, and for authority to enforce them. When, in Scotland, the Magistrates and Council granted the prayer of such a petition, the document issued by them was usually known as a " Seal of Cause," " Letter of Deaconry," or 1 Here we have the first reference in any Scottish public record to the craft of the smiths or hammermen. 4 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. "Charter of Erection." In granting it, the Magistrates were acting in their capacity as delegates of the Crown, and to some extent they were trans- ferring, subject to a right of appeal, part of their administrative power and authority to the deacon and masters of the craft. But, above all, they were (perhaps unknown to themselves) transforming a voluntary association into a corporate body similar to the Guild. The first Seal The first Seal of Cause of which there is any record was that granted Scotland. 1 " bv the Town Council of Edinburgh to the Cordiners of that city in the year 1449. 1 Many others followed before the close of the century. How such a Seal of Cause affected the rights of the statutory warden of the trade above referred to it is impossible to say. Most probably the grant was sufficient to cancel the powers of any existing warden, and, of course, no Council would elect a warden after it had already granted a Seal of Cause to the trade giving power to elect a deacon. Even without a Seal of Cause, crafts were still electing their deacons, for the constant reiteration by Parliament down to 1493 that crafts must not elect deacons, or that deacons must only examine work and not "rule the craft," shows that, notwithstanding Parliamentary enactments, the crafts continued to elect and the deacons to rule. From this it will be observed that the date of a Craft Charter or Letter of Deaconry by no means marks the beginning of the history of a craft, but simply the period when the craft had gained cohesion enough to see that continuity must be assured and powers must be obtained to maintain effectively their trade interests, to protect the free craftsmen from the depredations of outsiders, and to save the inhabitants of the town from bad work issued by unskilled craftsmen. No doubt the crafts all primarily desired " home rule," and hoped for monopoly. They may, indeed, have thought also that the public recognition which accompanied a Letter of Deaconry would lead, sooner or later, to a share in municipal government, but their petitions never disclosed any such secret ambition, and the burgesses of the Guild — who composed the greater part, if not the whole, of the Town Council — never seemed to notice what might lie beneath the surface of these carefully phrased petitions. And it is not until the leading trades in a burgh have been incorporated that they are all found combined together under their deacons, with a convener of deacons at their head, making a strong demand for representation on the Town Council and 1 The deed is not extant, but it is referred to in an Act of Council, 6th December, 1513 — Marwick, p. 19. But see Colston, p. 93. The earliest extant Seal of Cause is that in favour of the Hatraakers of Edinburgh, 18th February, 1473— E. B. B. (1403-1528), pp. 26-28. It gives power to "cheise ane deacoun." INTRODUCTORY. 5 Magistracy. 1 A general movement in this direction took place in Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and Glasgow towards the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries. 2 It was a common thing, when crafts began to form these voluntary Composite associations, for several crafts to band together and form a composite crafts - association. So arose the Masons', Wrights', Coopers', Slaters', Quarters', and Sawyers' Craft incorporated in Glasgow in 1551 ; the Wrights' and Coopers' Craft of Aberdeen ; and the Wrights', Masons', and Slaters' Trade of Dundee. Perhaps the most notable instance of this combination in Scotland was that amongst the " Hammermen " trades. This craft was The one of great importance, for it included invariably all the workers in Craft metals within the burgh — not those merely who traded in, but those who composite, manufactured commodities out of gold, silver, iron, brass, tin, copper, and pewter. It included, that is to say, the goldsmith, silversmith, blacksmith, armourer, cutler, swordmaker, gunmaker, saddler, buckle- maker, clockmaker, pewterer, nailmaker, hookmaker, founder — in short, all those craftsmen who produced articles of metal and the tools or implements required for other crafts. The composite character of the craft and the great importance of the trades embraced in it, made it, in many burghs, the largest and richest body of craftsmen. This enabled it to gather strength and influence, and to make greater demands for power and precedence than some of the smaller bodies. In one of the earliest Scottish statutes referring to craft associations its place in specifically — that of 1427 already referred to — smiths are mentioned among v ^'. others. In the earliest Town Council records in which the names of trades occur, "Smiths and Hammermen" are also mentioned. 3 The first Seal of Cause in favour of a craft is, as has been pointed out, apparently that by the Town Council of Edinburgh to the Cordiners of that city, 1449. 4 The Hatmakers, the Skinners, the Wrights and Masons, and the Weavers of Edinburgh had all obtained their Seals of Cause, and the Cordiners a second Seal of Cause, before the Hammermen of Edinburgh received their first on 2nd May, 1483. 5 A second Seal of Cause seems to have been granted to them in the year 1496. 6 It is not possible, therefore, for the 1 Such a combination was known as a " Convenery." s The craftsmen of Edinburgh had made a demand of the kind as early as 1508. — Marwick, p. 21. 3 Records of the Town Council of Aberdeen, 1442. — Bain, p. 49. *See Marwick, p. 19 ; also Colston, p. 93. 6 E. B. R., vol. i., p. 47. See Colston, p. 1 1. 6 See Historical Account of the Blue Blanket, etc., by Alexander Pennicuik : Edinburgh, 1780. THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Its precedence in status. Glasgow a Burgh of Regality. The incor- poration of Glasgow trades. The Hammermen of Glasgow. Hammermen, as an associated craft, to claim any precedence in history over other crafts ; but their numbers, their wealth, and the great necessity for their handiwork, doubtless led the Hammermen to claim that pre- cedence in status which is constantly set forth in their motto :— "By hammer in hand all arts do stand." This motto is very common amongst Guilds and Incorporations of Hammermen all over the United Kingdom, and was that appropriated by the Blacksmith Guild of London, whose statutes can be traced back to the year 1372. 1 The claim to precedence was, however, not always admitted. In Edinburgh — where the Goldsmiths formed a separate craft, ranking first in precedence — in Aberdeen, and in Dundee, the Hammermen were not given a high place ; but in Glasgow, Perth, and Stirling, and several of the smaller burghs, the Hammermen were acknowledged as the premier incorporation. The sixteenth century was begun before any of the Glasgow trades asked public recognition. Glasgow was then a Burgh of Regality, i.e., its superior was not the King, but the Archbishop. The Provost, Magistrates, and Council were the Archbishop's delegates — 7iot the delegates of the Crown. Consequently, his authority was required for a grant conferring perpetual succession or executive power similar to that of the Council, more especially if the Magistrates and Council wished to transfer part of the administrative duties delegated by him to them, and which they executed on his behalf, into the hands of the "headsman" of a craft. 2 The burgesses of Glasgow, it must be remembered, were then " his Highness's lieges," and only indirectly the Sovereign's lieges. There was no Guild, and the merchants were unincorporated. The various crafts in many royal burghs were already incorporated before the Skinners and Furriers of Glasgow, in 15 16, obtained their Seal of Cause from the Magistrates and Council and the Archbishop. The Weavers followed the Skinners with a petition for incorporation in the year 15 28. The Hammermen were third in the field in 1536. It is clear from the narrative of the petition which preceded the granting of the charter in favour of the Hammermen of Glasgow, that they were then a well established and important voluntary association in the burgh, and were suffering from inability to check the inroads of unfreemen. 'See Hazlitt, p. 372. 2 The Council of royal burghs, however, exercised the power of creating subordinate corporations. ORIGIN, NATURE, AND CONSTITUTION. 7 The headsmen and masters of the craft, including blacksmiths, gold- SealofCause, smiths, lorimers, saddlers, bucklemakers, armourers, "and others," peti- IS3 tioned their " Sovereign Lord, the King's Grace and the Lord Archbishop of Glasgow," pointing out that great hurt and damage was being suffered by them on account of unfreemen practising in the burgh. The petitioners asked protection for the future against such practices, so that the craftsmen might not be so much " hereyt and put to povte." This petition seems to have been remitted by the Archbishop to the Provost and Town Council, for the Charter or Seal of Cause which followed upon the petition runs first in the name of the Provost and Bailies. The Seal of Cause issued laid down the following rules : — That no " person " of the craft should set up a booth within the burgh —Craftsmen until he should be made a freeman, and should have been examined and booths to be found qualified to work by three of the best masters of the craft. burgesses. That on setting up a booth he should pay for upholding divine service —Payment at the altar of St. Eloyis, and for the reparation of the ornaments thereof, up booth? 20s. scots. That every craftsman taking an apprentice should pay for the entry of — Appren- the apprentice, 10s. towards the same objects. servants. That no craftsman should take any freeman's servant or apprentice whose apprenticeship had not completely run out, under a penalty of 20s. That no craftsman should have any person working for him except an apprentice or fee'd servant, in order that the master should always be answerable for the quality of the work done. That no craftsman should employ a servant or apprentice except such as were not bound to another freeman. That every Saturday afternoon two or three of the best masters, — Examina- chosen for the purpose by the whole craft, and the officer, should search tlon of work- and examine all work done in the burgh, and if it should be sufficient in quality and workmanship, pass it, but if it should be faulty, subject the maker to the penalty of forfeiture. That all the craftsmen should convene, when thought expedient, and —Meetings. commune upon the keeping or breaking of these statutes, and "certify" to the Provost and Bailies so that reformation be made and punishment be —Discipline, duly meted out to offenders. That every craftsman breaking the statutes should pay for each — Punish- offence one pound of wax for the reparation of the altar and the ornaments Uff",^"' thereof. That should the masters and headsmen not with all diligence cause —Masters 1 -ii ••• an " heads- tnese statutes to be upheld, and punish those failing to uphold them, then men punish- 8 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. able for failure to enforce rules. Later grants by the Council. they themselves should be corrected and punished by the l'rovost and Bailies as the latter might think "consonant to raisoun." The "letters" embodying these rules were sealed at Glasgow with the round seal of " ane Maist Reverend Fadeir in God," Gavin, Archbishop of Glasgow and Chancellor of Scotland, together with the common seal of the chapter of his kirk, and the common seal of the city and town of Glasgow, on the nth of October, 1536. The Provost of the time was Sir Robert Stewart of Minto, and the Bailies were George Burall and Patrick Lean. The substance of this Seal of Cause is almost exactly the same as that of the Hammermen of Edinburgh of 12th April, 1496. The differences are due to, and are solely those required by, the fact that the one is a grant by the Provost and Magistrates of a royal burgh, and the other by the Provost and Magistrates of a burgh of regality, with consent of the Archbishop. Mr. Craw furd 1 says this Seal of Cause was confirmed on 6th October, 1570, but unfortunately the records of the Burgh of Glasgow for this period are lost. In all probability the Seal of Cause would be altered and confirmed about that time, because the regulations requiring periodical payments to the altar and for divine service, were no longer operative after the Reformation. Of the later charters referred to by Crawfurd, of 22nd January, 1676, and 30th September, 1693, the latter is simply the ratification of an agreement entered into with the Hammermen of Gorbals, which will be referred to later; the former was an "Act" of the Provost, Bailies, and Council, ratifying, on the recommendation of the Trades House, a statute of the craft proposing that no stranger should be admitted as a member for a less payment than ;£iOO scots. 2 The Seal of Cause of 1536, then, was the constitution with which the trade as an incorporation, started upon its career. It is somewhat meagre, but fortunately, it was not looked upon as a rigid, but rather as a flexible constitution which might be, as it actually was, changed as the times changed. 'Crawfurd's Sketch of the Trades Home, p. 24. -The procedure was as follows : — The craft met and enacted the new regulation raising the entry money for strangers. It was laid before the deacon convener, deacons, and brethren in Council, and approved on 23rd November, 1672, and was recommended by them for the ratification of the Town Council, ••humbly supplicating" the Provost, Bailies, and Council to this end. The deacon, masters, and " haill Incorporation" then petitioned the Council, and on 22nd January, 1676, the latter ratified the "statute," reserving, however, to themselves, and their successors as Magistrates and Council, to modify the " upsets " to be paid by "burgesses bairns" or sons-in-law, who had not served their apprenticeship with freemen, but were qualified craftsmen and desired to enter. This, therefore, was not a new charter, but simply an act of approval to a proposed increase of entry money. Stone removed from the Gatehouse of the Bishop's Castle of Glasgow in i~6o, afterwards built into the family Mansion of Sir William Dunbar, Bart., at Mochrum, Wigtonshire. The Stone bears the Paternal Anns of Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow (i52j.-i>4~) by whom it was erected and who consented to the Magistrates and Council granting a Seal of Cause to the Hammermen on nth October, 1536- CHAPTER II. Freemen. Admission of freemen to the Craft : Qualification for membership— Burgess-ship — The essay — Residential qualification — The entry money and other payments — Sey drink — For the poor— Mortcloth money — The Clerk's fee — Service as officer— Fee in lieu of officership — Officer's fee— The oath: Classes of entrants: General practice of admitting sons and sons-in-law at smaller rates — Rights of sons and sons-in-law under the Letter of Guildry — Craft concessions affect payments only — Essay always demanded : Pendicle members — No essay required — No rights except to charity of the trade— Power of transmitting rights to children. We have seen what was the original composition of the craft. How were new members admitted ? The charter deals with craftsmen, apprentices, and servants, but apprentices were simply under the protection of the craft and could claim protection only. Their active rights did not emerge till the end of their apprenticeship. Servants were under the control of the craft and had no privileges. The requisites for membership were the same for all entrants, viz. : — (a) Enrolment as a burgess ; (d) Ability to turn out good work ; (c) Residence in the burgh ; (d) Payment of the entry money and other charges, which varied in amount according as the entrant was — (i.) A stranger ; (ii.) A son or son-in-law of a member ; (iii.) A booked apprentice of a member. (e) Taking the oath defideli. There is no mention of the oath in the charter, but it was from an early date a necessary part of the ceremony of admission. After production of the burgess ticket, the report by the essay masters on the applicant's handiwork, the payment of the entry money and other dues, and the taking of the oath, the ceremony of admission was complete. The burgess ticket was invariably produced on admission, e.g. — "xxiii Auti 1620. "Dauid Logane and Andro Gilkersowne ar admittit frieme to the "craft and hes gewin in their seye wt thair burges ticket and hes payit "ilk ane of yame fyve libs moneye." Admission of freemen to the craft. Qualification for membership. Burgess- ship. of essays. io THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Burgess-ship, or the freedom of the town, was obtained from the Town Council. After the grant of the Letter of Guildry of 1605, burgess-ship was obtained on submitting a testimonial from the deacon convener that the applicant craftsman had been " tried " and found to be worth twenty- pounds of "free gear." 1 The admissions were made by the Town Council, but after 7th October, 1609, all burgesses were admitted in presence of the Dean of Guild and his Council on his ordinary court day, and within the Council House. The essay. The ability to turn out good work was tested by the applicant making, at his own hand, an essay piece, which, in terms of the charter, was examined by three essay masters. Without the essay piece, a man might be allowed to enter the craft, but his privileges were limited ; and he was not allowed to carry on trade until the essay piece was forthcoming. At first all members, but after the year 1732, only operative members were required to make an essay. The nature of the essay, of course, depended upon the trade the entrant had been trained to follow. Examples The following may be given as examples : — An armourer — " Ane best sort of a hielan hilt and a horseman's hilt." — " The munting of ane old broad suord grinding and dighting the same with best hieland hilt and ane old shable grund and dight and ane new scobert made therto." — A broad sword. A goldsmith —A plain gold ring. —A silver sword hilt, a small brandy dish and a gold ring. A goldsmith 1 . , , , . , . „ 1 — A chaste gold ring, and jeweller.* A saddler — A belt and buckle. — A pair of stirrup leathers. — A saddle and "padd." A blacksmith — A bevil wheel. — A screw bolt and nut. — A handle for a block tin saucepan. — -A screw bolt nut and washer. 1 See the L. of G., Section 30, or T. II. 7?., p. 544, line 14, and Act of the Town Council, 7th October, 1609. The phrase " Guild Brother," as applying to an entrant to the craft, does not occur in the Minutes till 1696. A smith and FREEMEN. u — A small polished beam. — A horse shoe and foot of nails. — A horse shoe and eight nails. I — A board hammer. 1 engineer J A pewtherer — A pewter basin, pint stoup, a " bonatt " and a stoving pan. A "White- 1 . , . „ . . T ,, > — A " whytyron chamber. Iron man J A tinsmith — A block tin saucepan. — A tin drainer. — A block tin teapot and a block tin tea kettle. —A jug. A locksmith — A chest lock and bands. A coppersmith — A half gallon measure. — An aqua vitae " flaixbox and wand." — A copper teapot. A clock and "> — A watch verge, watchmaker) — A house clock. A gunmaker — A gun mainspring. — A side pistol with an iron stock. A silversmith — A silver spoon and salt. — A tureen spoon. A brassfounder — A brass name plate. — A brass coat of arms. Other essays are : — A salmon hook, a bait hook and a fly fishing hook and three turned fishing hooks, a mason's drove, a fork knife and bayonet, a carving knife, a pair of small polished hames, a hand vice, a "broath" plate and brass warming pan, a brass bush, a pair of ear pincers, a "campaigne" copper pot, a nail, a snaffle bridle, a copper seal, a gun mainspring, two links of a chain, a stump bar, a wedge, a half gallon measure, a full gallon measure, a bench hammer, a hand hammer, a chisel, a screw top, a half inch connecting screw, a pen knife, a vegetable drainer, a patent brass shield, a piece of " great metal," a bell. As to the trade or occupation of the various members admitted Occupations between 1616 and 1734, it is interesting to note that the first recorded entrant was a goldsmith in 1616: — 'This was the essay of James Beaumont Neilson (1S28). of members. 12 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Residential qualification. The entry money and other payments. "The Qlk day in pns of Johne Scot deikin and . . . mrs of craft, and withe all yair csentis Johne Kirkwood, goldsmythe, sone and air of vvmqll Thomas Kirkwood, is admitit imbracet and ressauet frieman withe yame in y craft to work frielie within this burt as ane Goldsmythe and yt becaus he hes givin his essay of craft qlk is fund qualifiet and hes payit of fynis qlk is boxit fourtie punds and maid fayt as us is and payit to ye deikin for ye weill of ye puir xiij sh iiijd." Among others, a brass-smith follows in 1617 ; a blacksmith, 1620; a saddler, 1621 ; an armourer, 1623; a potter, 1624; a pewterer, 1628; a dagmaker, 1629; a clock-maker, 1630; a sword-slyper, 1633; a belt- maker, 1637 ; a lorimer, 1639; a cutler, 1643 ; a white iron worker, 1652 ; a locksmith, 1652 ; a coppersmith, 1665 ; a gunsmith, 1671 ; a watch- maker, 171 5 ; and a bookbinder, 1716. 1 The Town Clerk, Mr. John Hucheson of Scotstoun, was admitted on 19th July, 1633, but the records are silent as to his essay, or whether he proposed to ply the hammer. The clerk of the craft, Johne Johns, was admitted in 1669 without further comment, except "and his fyne is payit" as was also Adam Wilson, the clerk in 1680. The clerk of the year 1718 did not escape so easily : — "October 23rd, 1718, Thomas Orr, Clerk to the Incorporation, having made ane essay of a pocket knife, is admitted freeman." Admissions were prepared for entrants and sometimes spaces left for them in the Minute Book : — "A pry 11 15th, 1706. "(Here John Brock was to have been booked but he neaver pro- duced his burges ticket, and is deceased, so nothing's wanting in this blank)." Residence in the burgh was required of new entrants. Two freemen were admitted in 1634, each on condition that within a year he should come with his wife and family and dwell within the burgh in all time thereafter, otherwise his freedom should be null. But there were excep- tions, as for instance, in September, 1647, when a hammermen in Gorbals on producing his burgess ticket was enrolled, and in May, 1715, when three hammermen in Rutherglen were admitted, all without any condition being stated. The first records of the craft not being in existence, it is impossible to say when the entry money and other payments made on admission, instead of being used for religious purposes, were taken by the craft for its own 1 For other essays and trades see list of members in Appendix. FREEMEN. 13 use, but from a statute of 20th July, 161 8, it is clear that quarter accounts were then being levied " for the entertainment of the poor." Ready money was the rule, but the rule was occasionally relaxed. On 24th August, 1627, it was enacted that on the admission of a freeman who could not pay his freedom fine, he should be required to find caution therefor from a burgess who was not a member of the craft. On nth May, 1660, and fees again on nth August, 1665, entry without the immediate payment of the freedom fine was prohibited owing to losses the trade had suffered by giving credit to new entrants. The rates exigible between 1616 and 1734, and until after 1800, will be seen from the table below. 1 'The first Minute Book of the Hammermen now extant covers the period 1616-1734. Its entries relating to admission of freemen are too varied and uncertain to provide data from which, strictly speaking, tabulation can be made. But for practical purposes the undernoted table may be taken as approximately correct. The charges are given in scots money. To reduce them to sterling money, one must divide by twelve. The merk is 13s. 4d. scots, or is. ijd. sterling. The dollar, 58s. scots, or 4s. iod. sterling. Table of Charges made on Entry of Freemen, 1616-1734. Payments. Freedom Fine Mortcloth Sey drink Poor Officer's Fee Clerk's Fee Sons or Sons-in-Law. 1616-1734—^5 scots 1627-1734 — 20 shillings 162S-1641 — Not stated 1642-1734 — 8 merks Apprentices. 161 6- 17 34— £20 162S-1734 — 1 dollar or 58 shillings 162S-1642 — 10 merks 1642-1734— £% Strangers. 1616-164S— /40 1648-1653—^50 1653-1734— £'°° 162S-164S— 58 shillings 1648-1655 — 5 merks 1655-1734 — S merks 1628-1642 — 10 merks 1 642- 1 648— £% 1648-1734—^10 Credit given for entry A sum varying from 6s. 8d. to 13s. 4d. was paid "to ye puir" by entrants. This payment ceases in 1635. Not fixed (first mentioned, 1622). Amount not stated (first mentioned, 1690). Rates of Increased Entry Money. Passed 26th Nwembcr, 1770. Far Hand, £1212 o sterling. By Apprenticeship, 3 10 o ,, Sons-in-Law, 300 Sons, 1 10 o „ with an addition in all cases of clerk's and officer's dues, and other small customary payments. 14 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Modifications of entry fees. Modifications were frequently made. The reasons are seldom given except in such vague phrases as " for certain reasonable causes and con- siderations " or " at the desire and by interposition of the Magistrates." But in 1649, a " knockmaker," who had been recommended by the deacon convener and his council to the trade as far back as 1630, was then admitted, and booked freeman as a "clock-maker," and his fine admitted as paid " becaus formerly recommendet." Again, in 1655, Thomas Winzet is admitted being " knowin to be anc qualifeit craftsman," and the deacon and masters "seing his ingenuitie," take 100 merks for his upset, "but (i.e., without) prejudice to any of "yr Acts sett down yranent." In The deacon and masters were empowered to apply to the Trades House or to the Magistrates and Council for a ratification of the Act, which was done ('/'. //. R., 13th August, 1793, and 67. B. R., 26th Sep. 1793). Reasons for the Increase. (1) The small proportions of sums paid as freedom fines by entrants in relation to the large charities given out, whereby many members draw more charity in twelve months than they paid on admission. (2) The largeness of the capital in which entrants, on admission, become joint sharers. Rates at the End of the Eighteenth Century. Payable l>y Entrants who made Essays. Far hand freedom, .. Clerk's and Officer's dues Beverage at out-taking Essay, Beverage at ingiving ,, Apprentices pay of freedom fine, ... Clerk's and Officer's dues Sons-in-law, pay of freedom fine, ... Clerk's and Officer's dues, Freemen's sons pay of freedom fine. Clerk's and Officer's dues, £12 12 1 half paid at out-taking £(> 12 3 2 6 6 ! half paid at ingiving, 6 10 4 /13 2 £3 10 1 out-taking, ... £2 10 I ingiving, 2 £4 £3 i out-taking. ... £l IS 10 ingiving, 1 '5 £3 10 £1 10 ) out-taking, ... £l 10 ingiving, 1 £2 o Payable by Entrants who did not make Essays. ... £u o Far hand freedom fine, ... £12 17 Clerk's and Officer's dues, o 3 Beverage at entry, 04 Apprentices pay of freedom fine, ... £3 15 Clerk's and Officer's dues, 07 Sons-in-law pay of freedom fine, ... ,£3 5 Clerk's and Officer's dues, 07 Sons of freemen pay of freedom fine, £1 15 Clerk's and Officer's dues o 7 o) ° ^ 6 / a) £13 4 6 £4 2 6 £3 12 6 ^226 FREEMEN. 15 January, 1676, an act of the craft approved of by the Trades House, was confirmed by the Town Council forbidding any modifications of the upset payable by strangers. 1 But notwithstanding this, exceptions still occur. For instance, a grandson of a member on June 26th, 17 18 — " Georg Johnstoun having made and given in his essay of ane letter wire and three pairs of Book clesps is admitted freeman, and has paid Fifty Funds of Dues because his Grandfather was a Freeman and his own father was free for entering but omitted the same." The practice of giving credit and making modifications was never completely abolished till after 1846. The "sey drink" constantly recurs in records of admission. This was Sey drink, probably a charge made to defray the cost of refreshment when the essay masters inspected the handiwork of an applicant for admission. The payment is first mentioned on 10th September, 1628 : — "James Park, Armorer is admittit frieman quho hes payit . . . and ten merks for his sey drink. . . ." Again, on 10th September, 1629: — "Johnne Jaiphray is admittit friema . . . and hes satisfeyit ye sey drink." The essay drink money was eight merks for sons and sons-in-law ; ten merks for apprentices until 1642, when it became eight pounds scots ; ten merks for strangers till 1642, when it became eight pounds scots, being increased again in 1648 to ten pounds scots. It was not long before the craft put a stop to the essay drink, but while they did so, they continued to exact the essay drink money : — "7th November, 1642, . . . that it sail not be leasum to no deacon in tyme cumeing to take drink yrfoir but that every deacon salbe anserable for ye friemen cumlg in in his time at ye compt makeing yeirly." There was also a payment exacted for the weal of the poor, which For the poor, varied from 6s. Sd. to 13s. 4d. scots. But this payment ceases to be men- tioned after the year 1635. It looks as if the essay drink money began to be used for the good of the poor, and the special payment for the poor was thus rendered unnecessary. In the intervening years, 1635- 1642, the drink money was probably being used for the poor, and the custom which had thus arisen was crystallised into the Act of 1642 just mentioned. 1 Q. B. R., 22nd January, 1676 ; also supra, p. 9 (d). 16 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Mortclolh money. The clerk's fee. Service as officer. Fee in lieu of officership. All freemen's sons escape service with- out fee. Another contribution was levied for keeping up the supply of mort- cloths or funeral palls which, in common with the other trades, the craft hired out. The mortcloth money varied. On entry, sons or sons-in-law paid 20s. scots, apprentices and strangers one dollar (58s. scots) until 1648, when the charge for strangers was made five merks, being increased to eight merks in 1655. The clerk's fee is first mentioned in the Minutes about 1690, but the amount is nowhere stated, until it is seen noted on the boards of the Minute Book at the end of the eighteenth century. 1 The first duty of the newly admitted freeman was to act as officer of the incorporation. The practice was also followed by other trades in the burgh, and the general rule was that the duties had to be performed for a year, or until the next admission of a freeman. But the duty was often shirked, e.g. — "7th September, 1623. — Adam Nicoll, Armourer, is boukit and admittit friema vvt the craft and hes producit his burges ticket and gewin his ait coforme to the use of craft and the dekin and haill craft dischargis the said Adam of his officerschip becaus he hes satisfeit thairfoir Jhone Sterling quhen he wes dekin." The deacon was apparently satisfied by a payment in money, for on the same date Thomas Miller was discharged of his officership, "having paid before." On 13th September, 1637, it was made a rule that no newly admitted freeman should be liberated of the officership unless he should find another officer at his own cost and expense, to serve the year thereafter, the officer substituted being approved by the deacon. This did not apply to freemen's sons, for by an Act of 4th September, 1629, freemen's sons did not require to serve. " All friemens sones qtsumewir wtin ye calling sail happin to cume in friemen that ye friemans sone incwmen frieman salbe dis- chargit the offrschip and sail not serue yrin notyeles of ye custome and actis sett doune yranent of befoir bot yat uyris incweris sail serue conforme." It was to "other incomers" then that this later Act applied. The rule was often fulfilled in the spirit not by the new craftsman finding an officer, but by his making a payment in money to the deacon, which varied from 58s. scots to eight or ten merks, and being "discharged" from the duty of 'See Table of Charges, supra, p. 13. ^\ / i 5 r»Va -* ^ R d *' i] hi if ?! J%$y* / m^ ?%[ s^> [J *Jt % * * Iff *> L* ; ft ^ , -a *t J 1 -£ -a A -> " rV r r 1^4 ii A) ' 1' site b i v S> tf 4fe. r - * > ^ ,1 i S ^b iy^ i s $ 4- J. 1 S.V* HI, r f -?■ '>■ The oath. FREEMEN. 17 service. So many discharges of this kind take place together in September (the time of the deacon's choosing), that it would seem as if the choice of an officer for the year to come were made during that month, and that those new entrants who escaped the duty, paid the fine if they had not already paid it on admission, e.g., — " Vigco primo Septcr, 164.Q. "This day James Andersone, George Park, Ninian Darroch, Johne Duncansone, Jon Miller, Patrick Buntein and James Brounlie wt Johne Gib yr officer fynes ar resat at ten merks ye man and they fried fra service as offr for evir." This old custom ceased, however, about the year 1660, and the officer elected in 1664 (Robert Andersone) held office till 1687. The payment in lieu of the officership was not exacted after 1661. The officer's fee, which appears for the first time in 1661, is a different Officer's fee. charge from that last mentioned. It is the customary fee paid to the officer by an entrant on admission, and is of the same nature as the clerk's fee, being a fee for work done in connection with the admission. On entry the craftsman "made faith." On 25th March, 1757, the oath as recorded was as follows : — " I do hereby solemnly swear that I shall be a true and faithful member of the Hammermen trade in Glasgow, into which I am now about to be admitted a freeman, shall obey, implement and fulfil the haill rules, acts and regulations made or about to be made for the good and benefit of the said trade, or maintenance and sustenance of the poor thereof, shall not pack or peel with non- freemen thereof nor any way directly or indirectly be concerned with as a partner in any branch of the said trade with any person whom- soever until first he be entered freeman with the said trade, and so often as I shall violate this my oath or any part thereof, I agree to forfeit and pay a new upset for the use of the poor of the said Trade : So help me God." Till 1757. the oath was spoken. The new members in later years could be required to subscribe the oath written out in full in the Minute Book. Members were at first admitted at all meetings, but for some time after 1757, they were generally admitted at the Lammas Court meeting, and one copy of the oath was subscribed by all the members admitted at the meeting. The oath written at the top of the page served for the subscription of as many members as could conveniently write their 18 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Classes of entrants. General practice of admitting sons and sons-in-law at smaller rates. Rights of sons and sons-in-law, under the Letter of Guildrv. Craft con- cessions affect money payments only. signatures on the same page. As many as forty-four signatures appear under one oath. The charter of 1536 says nothing of the rights of sons and sons- in-law. The freemen of the trade were drawn from two classes : — (a) Strangers who were found expert workers ; (l>) Apprentices who had served with a freeman of the craft and were also expert workers. But the admission of sons and sons-in-law of members on easy terms, if they possessed all the necessary qualifications, was a universal practice in the guilds and crafts of Europe. Sons were expected to serve an apprentice- ship. Strangers or apprentices might marry a freeman's daughter, and thus qualify for privileged admission as sons-in-law. Strangers were said to enter "at the far hand"; sons, sons-in-law, and apprentices, "at the near-hand." In the year 1616, sons and sons-in-law were being admitted on more favourable terms than strangers or apprentices. The custom may have been an ancient one, or it may have sprung up between the date of the charter of 1536 and the date of the letter of guildry of 1605. By that letter the rights of sons and sons-in-law of burgesses, and guild brethren, were clearly defined in relation to burgess-ship and the guildry. Section 14 provides as to guild brethren that infamous and debauched men are to be excluded from the benefit of the guild, but they are to be "overseen," so that their children may have like benefits with other guild brothers' children. And by Section 15, guild brothers' sons were to pay 20s. for their guildry, and 5s. to the hospital of their calling (i.e., Merchants' or Trades' Hospital), and to be worth, if craftsmen, 250 merks. 1 Whereas a stranger (Section 20) required to pay £30 scots and 13s. 4d. to the hospital, unless he had the good fortune to marry a guild brother's daughter, in which case he became guild brother at reduced rates. The first husband of a guild brother's lawful daughter (if already a freeman burgess of the burgh), was subject to the same conditions and paid the same dues as a son, viz., 20s. for his guildry, and 5s. to his hospital (Section 16). The apprentice who married his master's daughter could also take advantage of his relationship, and become either burgess, freeman, or guild brother, as a son-in-law at reduced rates. The craft concessions, it will be seen, had reference to money payments only. A son or son-in-law of a hammerman, was in use to be admitted into the craft for a modified payment of £$ scots and the other small dues, 1 This apparently, was the money or property qualification for all yuild brethren of the craft rank. The craftsman ban/ess qualification was ^20 of "free gear." See L. of G., Sections 15 and 30, or T. II. R. y p. 540, line 11, and p. 544, line 14. FREEMEN. 19 but not until he had "producit before his admission, his Burgess Ticket," and given his " assay." It is not till 7th November, 1642, that any bye-law can be found dealing with the privileges of this class. It was then enacted that "in all time coming" a freeman's son on admission, should pay for his essay drink 8 merks, whereas non-freemen at admission should pay £8 scots. On entry moneys being revised on February 7th, 1648, it was provided that freemen's sons should pay for their entry " as before," i.e., as appears from the recorded admissions, £5 scots. The first near hand admission in the existing Minutes is recorded as Examples of follows :- entries " " Vigesimo Octauo JaniJ., 161 8. ". . . James Clark, ane burges friemans sone is admitit buikit and ressaueit friema in ye craft becaus he hes givin his assay qlk is fund qualifiet and hes maid fayt as us and payit to ye deikin qlk is boxit fyve punds and als hes payit to ye deikin to ye us of ye puir xijs." The first son-in-law appears thus : — " Apud Glasgow secundo Augusti, 1626 yeirs. ". . . William Luiff, yogr is admittit frieman of ye craft quha hes maid faithe as use is and Jon Scott elder his guid fayr hes gewin his band to ye deikin for payt of fwye punds for his fynes as borrowit money of ye dait of yir pntis." There is an entry in 1636 unexplainable without the missing Letter of Deaconry, viz. : — " xvij. Junij, 1636. ". . . Robert Maxwell, sone lawll to umqll Jon Maxwell hemerman bges of this burt is maid frieman hemerman and gaive his aithe coforme to the order and payit for his admissioun coforme to the Lre of deaconheid fywe pund givin to the collector mair to the moirtclayt xx s." This must refer to the Letter of Deaconry mentioned by Crawfurd as having been granted in the year 1570. It would probably contain provi- sions relating to the privileges of sons, sons-in-law, and apprentices. 1 The masters were quite as strict in demanding full qualifications from No other sons and sons-in-law as from strangers and apprentices. Production of the aiiowed IOnS 1 Cf. the Letter of Deaconry in favour of the Weavers, 16th February, 1605; M'Ewan, p. 2. 20 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. burgess ticket and making an approved essay, are recorded as carefully and as regularly as in the admission entries of other entrants. " Robert Robertsone, Brassmyt," son of a freeman brass-smith, was kept out of the craft from the time when he paid his fines to the deacon (1624), until he produced his burgess ticket. This he did on 4th Septem- ber, 165 1, when he was at last admitted. But from the year 1704 till the Essay always first Minute Book ends, the essay seems to have become the important part demanded. ,,f the qualification for membership, for neither the fact of being a son or son-in-law of a member is recorded, nor yet the amount paid to the craft on admission. The "essay" predominates. Thus : — " Glasgow at the Laigh Church, Deccr joth, 17 12 years. ". . . compeared the persons underwin and . . . gave in the esseyes aftermentioned . . . viz., Robert Crawford gave in ane broath plate and warming pann of Brass ; Henry Luke ane letter case clesped with bible clesps and keepers ; John Gilmour ane copper pann with ane boule ; John Craig yor ane horse shoe and ten nails ; John Buntain ane stew pann and ane broath pleat ; James Anderson yor ane tinn pint stoup and white irone lantern ; William Black, ane chist lock and pair of bands ; Alexander Faterson ane campaigne copper poat ; Adam Hill ane campaigne copper poat ; John Smith yor ane chist lock and pair of bands all these esseyes being inspected they wer found sufficiant and the above named persons . . . are admitted freemen . . ." Pendicle Two special instances serve to introduce the subject of pendicle members. members. 1 The first is on 29th September, 1732, when John Wardrop, writer in Glasgow, burgess and guild brother, son-in-law of a deceased member, was admitted without making an essay, but on condition that neither he nor his journeymen or servants should work at any part of the trade or bear office until he made a sufficient essay. Again, on 30th November, 1733, Robert Craig, maltman burgess and guild brother, son of a member, was also admitted without making an essay, on the same conditions. No essay The admission of Mr. Wardrop was not made until he had petitioned required. ^ cra f tj arK j t ^e craft had considered the whole subject and passed a 'Pendicle is used in the sense of "subordinate." (0) When used with reference to a trade it means one of the subordinate trades embraced in a craft, e.g., bookbinding, or the making of clasps for books, being "ane pendicle of the Hammerman Trade" (vide 15th February, 1689); ('<) When used with reference to a member, it means a non-operative mem- ber, i.e., one who has been admitted without making an essay, and cannot therefore practice the trade nor bear office, but may simply enjoy, if need be, the charity of the craft. FREEMEN. 21 statute providing that "lest any freeman's son or good-son {i.e., son-in-law), might apply for admission without making an essay, and with no other view than to be entitled to the charity of the trade, therefore, no person was to be admitted in future without making an essay unless his admission be thus qualified, viz., that the member so admitted have a visible and No rights known free subject of 500 merks scots, a lawful calling of some kind fit to ^ l a rf tv ° f maintain himself and a family, and that he should not by himself or others the trade. on his behalf, work at the Hammerman trade, nor bear office until such time as he made an essay, and paid to the poor £t, scots, in addition to the freedom fine he had paid as a non-operative member." But besides being able, if need be, to enjoy the charity of the trade, Power of the pendicle member possessed another valuable privilege. He could help rights to to pass on the rights of the trade to his family. His sons and sons-in-law children, might be admitted to the craft at the near hand. The admission of pendicle members was the first blow at the ancient system of apprenticeship. Up till 1732 the rights of the craft could only be transmitted from one generation of practising craftsmen to another generation of practising craftsmen. Men who had served an apprentice- ship in the burgh, and had learned their trade in an approved fashion, and entered by the right of apprenticeship or as son-in-law ; sons who had learned the trade by apprenticeship or otherwise ; and men who had entered as qualified strangers, were the only classes who could gain the privilege of membership. The admission of pendicles broadened the basis upon which the charity of the trade was dispensed. The field of charitable operations henceforth extended beyond the working hammermen and their dependents. It may be said to have extended to all descendants of men who had once been working members of the craft, wherever the son or son-in-law of a subsequent generation took care to enter. To the reader uninitiated in craft affairs this must seem a heavy responsibility to assume, but it is one which has been assumed by all the trades of Glasgow, and is a constitutional principle of which most of them are proud. The distinction between full and pendicle members lasted as long as exclusive privileges of trading existed. After 1846, when exclusive privi- leges were abolished, it ceased to have any real force. But by the year 1827 disintegration had set in, and entrants at the far hand and near hand unable to " make " and " finish " an essay sufficient in the sight of the essay masters and their oversman, were being given the choice of enrolling as pendicles or of paying £10 sterling (in addition to the appropriate freedom fine) in lieu of the essay in order to " qualify " as operative freemen. CHAPTER III. Apprentices and the Apprentice System. Apprenticeship chief source of new members : Steps from apprenticeship to craftmanship — The fee — The indenture— Booking — Booking for guildry — Service — Discharge — Burgess- ship— Essay and oath : The new freeman might remain journeyman or become a master : Guild brother — Deacon convener's testimonial : Fees payable at craft booking — Charter provisions— "Stranger" apprentices — Sons of members— Exceptions to usual booking fee — Fine for delay in booking — Free booking — The pint of wine— Clerk's and officer's dues : Duties of apprentices — Thankful service — Penalty for bad service : Discipline — Punishment for disobedience and injuring master— Punishment for working for them- selves : On death of master, craft choose another master : Restrictions on masters regarding apprentices— Newly admitted masters to work without an apprentice for two years— Only one apprentice allowed to each master — Second apprentice allowed — Abolition of the restriction. Apprentice- ship chief source of new members. Steps from apprentice- ship to craft- manship. The chief source of additions to the membership was the system of apprenticeship. Qualified craftsmen from other towns, or qualified servants, were, of course, frequently admitted ; but the number of persons who entered as freemen by apprenticeship, at the expiry of their indenture, by far exceeds those entering as strangers, or as sons or sons-in-law. Among the young hammermen apprentices were natives of Glasgow and all parts of the West of Scotland — Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, Lanark- shire, Dumbartonshire, Buteshire, and Argyleshire. Many of them were relatives of their masters. Sons of members were privileged by having their indentures "booked" at reduced fees. All others were treated as "strangers," and paid full booking fees. Apprentices went to service at a tender age. They are always referred to as " boys " at this stage. After his time was served (necessarily within the burgh) with a freeman of the craft, the apprentice could enter the craft as freeman at a much reduced rate. An apprentice who served a shorter period than five years, 1 or served his time with a freeman of the craft in another burgh, required to enter as a stranger, and pay full rates. 2 The steps in the process by which the young apprentice gradually reached membership of the craft were vastly different from those which we are now accustomed to. He was first taken by his father or guardian, 1 See case of John Falconer, Minutes, 12th August, 1709; infra footnote, p. 23. 5 See Act Book, 26th August, 1 763. APPRENTICES. 23 probably on market day, to a relative or to one of the many hammermen to be found at the Cross or in their booths. The bargain being completed, and a suitable apprentice fee paid to the master, the latter, accompanied The fee. by his new apprentice and the parent or guardian, visited the notary who The held the office of clerk J to the incorporation, and had the indenture written indenture, and signed. The indenture was afterwards booked in the books of the Booking, craft in presence of the deacon and some of the masters, 2 for which booking a fee was paid by the master to the clerk, and the legal contract was com- pleted. If the apprentice desired to become a guild brother by right of Booking for apprenticeship, after having served his time, his indenture was also booked guI r> ' in the deacon convener's books. The unbooked apprentice was not recognised by the craft or the guild. He was to all intents and purposes a "stranger." But the booked apprentice was not only the apprentice of his master but of the craft. The apprentice lived with his master within the burgh, and during the Service, five years of his apprenticeship was fed and clothed by him. For other two years he wrought with his master for meat and fee, i.e., he received his food and a small wage, which probably enabled him to clothe himself and pay for the little luxuries which the times offered to a youth of his class. At the expiry of the seven years, if he obtained a good discharge from his Discharge, master, he was qualified to enter the craft, and the next step towards that was to become a burgess of the city. 3 Every step in the process showed to the young apprentice or craftsman the essential unity of the burghal organisation, and the necessity for coming under an equivalent obligation 1 See Act Book, 25th November, 1768, as to the clerk's rights by "immemorial practice," to draw the Indenture, or in any event demand his charges therefor. 2 See Minutes, 23rd December, 1653. * A Minute of 12th August, 1709, shows how rigorously the full term of apprenticeship was insisted on as a necessary qualification for entry by apprenticeship. Failure to serve the full term resulted in loss of the right and reversion to entry at the far hand. John Falconer " having made esey of ane bairns whistle and dram dish and ane gold ring whichbeing sighted and approven and he found qualefied to serve Her Majesties Lidges, he is admitted freman of this Incorporation and to all the priviledges thereof because he has given his oath defideli as vse is. But because he has served John Luke, a freeman, for the space of 4 years as prentice, by qch service being ane year short of the ordinar time of prenticeship, he not- withstanding cannot be entered but upon payment of ane hundred punds scots of freedom fine, yet the tread taking under consideration that he has laid down the sd wholl hundred punds and put the same in the treads will, and farder considering his service for four years, they on that account by plurality of vots of the wholl tread accept of ane hundred merks of the sd soume in satisfaction of his freedom fine, and ordean the remainder to be given back in the meantime." This, however, is declared to be no precedent for the future, the proper period being five years as an apprentice and two years for meat and fee. 24 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. for each privilege obtained. To learn the " mystery " of his trade, he bound himself to his master ; to obtain the protection of the craft, he was booked in presence of the deacon, and thus came under obligation to the craft ; in prospect of being some day a guild brother, he was also booked in the deacon convener's books ; to practice his trade, whether as master or servant, and enjoy the privileges and protection of the burgh, he first became a burgess and took the oath de fideli. Burgess-ship. Section 19 of the letter of guildry required that a craftsman, to be received as a burgess by right of apprenticeship, must first serve two years additional for meat and fee, after the usual term of the trade apprenticeship, and then, on the payment of ten merks, he could receive his burgess ticket. With this burgess ticket, after following the usual procedure of Essay and making an essay, paying the modified entry moneys and other smaller dues, and taking the oath, he became a full-fledged freeman of his craft. The new If he chose, he might remain a journeyman ; but if he started at once in freeman business on his own account, he required to carry on his work without might remain ' ^ J journeyman assistance from a servant or apprentice for other two years. It was only master! after he had thus wrought as a master with his own hand for two years that he was allowed to employ a workman or apprentice under him. Even at this stage, after the expiry of nine years, he was still only a simple Guild burgess and a craftsman. He was not a guild brother, and therefore could not aspire to the office of deacon or assistant in the deacon convener's court, for the letter of guildry prevented him from being a guild brother by right of apprenticeship until he had been a burgess for four years. The letter of guildry expressly puts it that thirteen years had to pass before the booked apprentice could be entered guild brother. 1 And before entering the guild there was another ceremonial to be gone through. He had to Deacon obtain from the deacon convener or his clerk a testimonial that he was testimonial qualified for admission as a guild brother. Only with this testimonial could he appear before the dean of guild and be admitted as a guild brother of craft rank. Fees payable The charter of 1536 says nothing as to the fees payable to the craft in at booking. re spect of the booking of apprentices or their admission as freemen. It Charter provides only for the craftsman, on taking an apprentice, paying "for his provisions. en t r ies " ios. scots to the altar, but by the year 1616 this pre-Reformation practice had long been in abeyance. In that year the booking fee for 1 L. of O., Section 19, or T. H. R., p. 541, line 20 — This assumes an apprenticeship of seven years and two years for meat and fee (by no means uncommon in the hammerman trade), immediately followed by burgess-ship (entry to the craft at any time thereafter), and a lapse of four years. J 444 ' if .5 rj r r9^T i te ^ SW * 11 % -n i i 5^ j' 3 \ l •j )*, I nit *wft r is*-* °^ <^ 4 -A. ^- •■ =3 APPRENTICES. 25 apprentices was 40s., with 13s. 4d. to the poor of the craft. 1 By far the greater number of apprentices booked were strangers, on whose behalf " Stranger " 53s. 4d. scots was paid. A son of a hammerman, however, was booked "W* apprentice for 20s., without, apparently, any payment to the poor. Few sons of hammermen were booked. They preferred, if working with their Sons of father, to depend solely on the essay to qualify for admission. In 1650, the booking fee payable by the master became £4 scots, inclusive, although the act is dated 1653, and this was probably the ordinary fee until the time when the first Minute Book ends — May, 1734 — -although the last instance of a fee being minuted is on 30th May, 1704. The Collector's Account Books show the booking fees, however, till the middle of the nineteenth century, the charge then being 7s. 6d. sterling. The first recorded booking of an apprentice is as follows : — Style of booking " Vigesimo February, 1616. entry. ". . . Williame Fergus sone to umqll Rot Fergus at Inchkellie brig is become and ressaueit prenteis wt James Rowat, smyt, sen ye dait of his indentor qlk is the last of November jajvjc fyftein yeirs and hes payit to ye deikin qlk is boxit fourtie schillinges wt ( )." A typical ordinary entry, however, is this : — " xxvj Novembris, 161 7. . . . Williame Luife sone to Robert Luife is buikit admitit and ressaueit prenteis wt Wm Luife, Hamerma and hes payit xl sh. wt xiij s. iiij d. to ye puir." The booking of the same apprentice in the deacon convener's book appears thus : — "xiiij Janrij, 1620. "The said day Willia Luif is buiket heirin as he qa is bund printeis to William Luif hemyrma burges of Glasgvv to serve for ye space of sewin yeiris conforme to ye indentor sett down betuix ya yranent of ye dait of yis pnt." Another entry in the deacon convener's books is as follows : — " Octavo Deris, 1619. " The said day Hew Tailyefeir is buiket heirin as printeis to William Lyndesay smythe burges of Glasgw to serve for ye space of sewin yeiris fra his enterie qlk was att ye dait of his indentor the said secund day of Der 1619." 1 The fee charged for entry to the craft by apprenticeship was then ^20 scots. 26 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Exceptions to usual booking fee. Fine for delay in booking. Free booking. The pint of wine. Clerk's and officer's dues. Duties of apprentices. Thankful service. Penalty for bad service. There are very few exceptions to the usual booking fees between 1617 and 1734. One payment of ten merks was made on 8th December, 1619, and one of thirteen merks on 8th December, 1620. These exceptional payments may have been exacted by way of penalty, as delay in booking was a punishable offence. On 19th September, 1644, the son of a wright in Gorbals was booked apprentice to a saddler, and the fee charged was fourteen merks, " becaus he caused not his prenteis be buikit at first." There are few omissions to book apprentices "at first." Both master and apprentice recognised the benefit of booking with the craft — the former because the booked apprentice was under craft control, the latter because he only then had the protection of the ctaft as against his master. There are, however, many bookings entered gratis, where the appren- tice was a poor boy who had not brought his master any apprentice fee. Some of these boys were foundationers in Hutchesons' Hospital, and were put to a trade by the preceptor, as the following entry shows: — " Tlirettein of May, 165J. ". . . William Ghrame sone lawfull to Alexr Ghrame Skiner burges of Glasgow is buiket admitted and resavet prenteis wt Johne Leiper dureing sevin years as prenteis quhais buiking money is quit becaus he is bund be ye preceptor of Hutcheson's Hospitall as ane of ye poor boyes gevin out of yt hous. . . ." Sometimes the only information recorded is "buikit prenteis gratis," or " being ane of the tounes poore," or " the prenteis being poore." It seems also to have been the custom, on booking an apprentice, for the persons present to drink "ane pynt of wyne " at the expense of the master, but on 10th July, 1690, when the deacon of that year booked an apprentice, the money paid was the usual £4, and " lykwayes ten shilling scottes in liew of ane pynt of wyne which was formerlie in vse to be payd and this attour the Clerk and Officers dews." What the latter dues amounted to cannot be traced. After the apprentice was booked, his duty was to serve his master faithfully, just as the latter's duty was to impart faithfully and fully a fair knowledge of the trade to the apprentice. "Thankful service" was not always tendered by the apprentice, and an act was booked on 23rd December, 1653 (it had been passed, 19th February, 1652), to the effect that if apprentices did not make "thankful service" to their masters, they would not be received as freemen except at stranger's rates. Again, the same act records that the master's discharge was to be evidence to the APPRENTICES. 27 calling as to whether "thankful service" had been rendered. Without a clear discharge from the master, the undutiful apprentice suffered fit punishment by his inability to enter unless at the highest rates. Needless to say, there was as much difficulty in controlling the youth- Discipline. ful apprentices of Glasgow as there was in other towns. Discipline was hard to maintain amongst them, and bye-laws were often passed, and punishments inflicted to enable the deacons and masters to keep order. In May, 1616, it was enacted that apprentices and servants injuring or Punishment disobeying their masters should be "severely punished," and that for each disobedience fault they should in addition serve eight extra days before being free of and ln .i ,mn K service. Two years later, apprentices and servants were prohibited from selling Punishment or buying work, except for their masters, under a penalty of £4 scots. f °* Jhem-" 8 Some craftsmen seem to have thought that this prohibition did not prevent selves, them permitting apprentices to work for themselves, and such permission was sometimes actually given in writing in the indenture. Towards the end of 1670, complaints were being made against masters allowing their apprentices to work for themselves "on Saturday nights," and in February, 167 1, the craft enacted that no freeman should take any apprentice on such a condition under a penalty of £4 scots, without prejudice, however, to the masters "giving their servants satisfaction in money or otherwise." Masters were, by the same statute, bound, if required, to give their oath that they would not in future engage any apprentice, servant, or journey- man on such a condition. As the booked apprentice was the ward of the craft, the craft was On death of bound to help him in his difficulties. Thus, on the death of a master, the J^ose' c craft found another master for his apprentice, and the transfer was another minuted ; or a definite application was made for a transfer to another member, and the master court approved or themselves selected a new master for the lad. There were, as before mentioned, two important trade regulations Restrictions regarding apprentices which affected the masters, and which made for regarding 5 excellence of workmanship and equalization in the status of masters, viz., apprentices. (a) that a master craftsman should work at his own hand for two years after his admission before taking an apprentice ; (/;) that a master should not have more than one apprentice working for him at a time. Masters guilty of infringing these regulations were fined. . . The former regulation is first recorded in the minutes on 24th Sep- admitted tember, 1686, but clearly it is then but the iteration of an old rule, the ""k'Jrtthoat object of recording it being to fix the fine for infringement at ,£40 scots, an apprentice for two years. 28 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Only one apprentice allowed to This regulation ensured that all masters should be expert workmen them- selves. No man could work at his own hand for two years without assist- ance and maintain himself unless he were an expert. It also ensured that an apprentice would have an expert master to teach him. There are no instances of the full fine of £40 scots having been exacted. The fine is usually found to be " a sowme of monye for taking a prenteis within the tyme," or a sum varying from ^"12 upwards. During the last decade of the seventeenth century, fines are very frequent. By the year 1 7 13, the rule was found to be inconvenient, and the penalty too large, and it was thought there should be a distinction between freemen's sons and other freemen. The fine was therefore reduced, and freemen's sons were allowed to take an apprentice within the two years after admission on payment of £8 scots, and other freemen on payment of £16, if the apprentice were taken on within one year after the master's admission, or .£8 scots, if he were taken during the second year. 1 The second regulation is one which can be read into the provisions of the charter of 1536; indeed, it may be inferred from the charter that not each master, only was a craftsman unlikely to take more than one apprentice at a time, but that he would be just as often found working without one. Moreover, the regulation is a typical guild restriction under which craftsmanship was carried on in Europe during the Middle Ages. Therefore, although the earliest hammerman bye-law on the subject is that passed on 19th February, 1652, and booked 23rd December, 1653 (that an apprentice should only be taken once every seven years, and he " who receives more shall pay to the craft ") the lateness of the record is due to the universality of the restriction. The object of such a rule was to keep the freemen of the trade on an equality. Where the number of apprentices was limited, there could be no amassing of riches at the expense of the poorer craftsmen, for there could be no fierce competition. Indeed, competition could only be indulged in under the form of a rivalry in turning out better work, and not in turning out cheaper work than another. This kind of competition tended to bring out a quality of workmanship that would command the market. Bad work could never reach the market unless it escaped the scrutiny of the searchers. Cheap work was unknown, for prices were regulated. Quality was thus the only means of competition, and this forced the master to select a clever apprentice or servant, and to train him to the best of his power. There is no recorded enactment as to what was the customary fine for infringement. It was heavy, and may have fluctuated according to the 'This restriction was not abolished until 26th November, 1779. APPRENTICES. 29 gravity of the case. An instance (the first in the minutes) occurs on 20th August, 1661, viz. : — ". . . Johne Bogle sone lawll to George Bogle of Hutchistoune is bookit prenteis with William Grahme ane of the brethrein for sevin yeirs . . . quha hes payit to the collector for the breach of ordor modified 1 be the calling because he came in yr will for tacking this prenteis during the prentishipe of another qlk is not as yit expyrit fourtie punds scotts moey, wt four punds for his booking as vse is." 2 Forty years later, changes are manifest. The fine, which had ap- Second parently become a recognised one of £40 scots, was being reduced, and in afj^"^" 1705, it was proposed that where a poor boy should enter to an apprentice- ship with a freeman who already had one apprentice, the master should not be obliged to pay the £40 fine, and that the other ordinary dues should also be "quit and remitted." The latter part of the proposal was not carried, however, so that a master could take on a poor boy as a second apprentice on paying nothing more than the usual booking money and clerk's and officer's dues. Obviously, all masters could not get poor boys from Hutchesons' Hospital or other foundations, and therefore to equalise matters, it was arranged that any master might have a second ordinary apprentice in future, and the £40 fine would be remitted to the extent of ,£8 for each year which the time of the first apprentice had still to run. Instances of fining are numerous. Broken years of the first apprentice's service were not counted in fixing these fines, but only complete years. 3 It was not till 6th September, 1764, that this restrictive regulation was Abolition abolished, the reasons assigned being that few apprentices were being restriction, bound to freemen, that it was difficult to get journeymen to hire except at exorbitant rates, and that thus the cost of production had become heavy. The abolition of this rule brings us down to a new epoch — a time when there was less evidence of the old spirit of brotherhood, and a more distinct cleavage between the master and the servant ; when questions of wages and cost of production were arising ; when prices were no longer regulated; when cheapness as well as quality was becoming an element in competition. The advantages and power of capital, the savings effected by increasing the number of apprentices, by entering into partnership and decreasing in various ways the cost of the establishment and the upkeep of the premises, 'i.e., " fixed." 2 There are many other cases recorded in the Minutes. 3 Act of Trade, 31st August, 1724 (Minutes, 20th August, 1731). 30 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. were beginning to be seen ; and the old ideas of the equality of all masters, and rivalry only in quality of work, were being rapidly forgotten. The era of commercialism had begun. The apprentice system continued in full operation in the craft until the abolition of exclusive privileges in 1846. After that it gradually died out, admissions by right of apprenticeship becoming rarer and rarer. The last apprentice to assert his rights entered in 1877. CHAPTER IV. Servants. Servants— No craft privileges— All under craft control : Booking of servants— Booking fine : " Trial " of servants : Written agreements of service : Weekly journeymen : Attempts to break away from craft control— An early trade union— Movement for shorter hours — Leaving service without notice— Regulations to prevent this : Journeymen jobbing for themselves subject to prosecution : Free privileges of old soldiers — Regulations to make up for loss of fines : Good faith of the craftsmen in regulating for control of servants. SERVANTS are mentioned in the charter of 1536, but what their position Servants, was in relation to the craft then and even much later, is not quite clear. They do not seem, as such, to have had any craft privileges, or even craft protection. It was, of course, possible for an apprentice or a stranger to be received into the craft as a freeman, and afterwards work as a servant, but there must have been a considerable number of servants who were not freemen. Attempts seem to have been made from time to time to obtain efficient craft control over servants ; for instance, by — (a) Instituting a system of booking ; and (b) Insisting on the agreements between masters and servants being written out, signed by each party, and lodged with the deacon prior to the act of booking. No craft privileges. All under craft control. Booking of servants. Booking was in practice in 16 16, e.g. — " 26U1 June, 1616. ". . . Thomas Rewll is bukit and admitit servand wt Jon Naper younger, and his fynis remitit becaus of ane wrand producet by ye said Jon grantit be ye craft yrfoir." The booking fine was twenty shillings scots. The master came to the Booking fine, deacon before "receiving" the servant, and paid the money. If the servant stayed with the master more than eight days, the master thereupon booked him, but, if the servant left before the expiry of eight days, the master received back the money. 1 'Act of Trade, 22nd November, 1626. 32 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. ■■Trial" of servants. Written agreements of service. After 1652, servants themselves required to pay four merks for their booking. 1 Whether the booking payment by the master still continued cannot be ascertained. The eight days' "trial" just referred to was, in course of time, increased to fourteen days, and this may probably account for the fact that between 1616 and 1709, only eight bookings are recorded in the minutes, for it was certainly the case that many servants were "journeymen" in a minor sense, since they "journeyed " about from one master to another, and made it a practice seldom, if ever, to remain in the service of one master more than a fortnight, thus saving their booking fee of four merks, and making it unnecessary for the master to pay the twenty shillings fine to the poor. This, indeed, appears from an Act of Trade passed in 1700, 2 and, as the practice was one by which the poor were "highly prejudiced," it was enacted that, after a journeyman had been more than fourteen days with one master, the latter should be liable for the booking money ; and, if an unbooked servant left his master, a second master should only be permitted to keep him on " trial " one week, or then be liable for booking money ; and on a journeyman going into the service of a third master unbooked, the latter should be immediately liable for the booking money. But there is only one recorded booking in the Minutes after 1700. Booking is, however, so familiarly and casually referred to after that date, in various minutes dealing with servants, that there must have been a separate book in which servants' bookings were entered. At any rate, when in 17 1 3 a second expedient for further controlling journeymen was resorted to by having agreements between master and servant reduced to writing, and signed and lodged with the deacon, bookings were still in practice, for it was laid down that no master should be allowed to book his journeyman without production of the written agreement, nor enter him to work without the deacon's leave, under a penalty of £5 scots for the use of the poor. The words of this Act of Trade, however, point to some loose- ness in the system of booking. Note, for instance, the indication of loose practice in the phrase "nor enter him to work without the deacon's leave." Moreover, the practice of having signed agreements lodged with the deacon was somewhat akin to the old practice of booking, and mere booking may, therefore, have fallen into abeyance. Besides, these written agreements of service were not provided for by the craft with the object of ensuring the booking of servants, but rather because of the difficulty which the deacon 'Act of Trade, 19th February, 1652 (Minutes, 23rd December, 1653). 2 21st November, 1700. SERVANTS. 33 and masters of craft experienced in finding out the terms of service, when disputes arose between master and servant. In such disputes, for want of proof, the deacons and masters of craft were often put to considerable trouble in deciding between them : hence the regulation. In other words, the mere booking of a servant had become an empty act of recognition, whereas the lodging of the agreements of service was a much better method of control. The collector's account book, 1693-1766, shows the revenue received by the craft from servants' booking fees. In the year 1693, booking pay- ments from five journeymen are recorded, the amount being £2 18s. 46. scots each, i.e., £2 13s. 4d., or four merks, as provided in the Act above mentioned, with other 5s. scots, probably "for the use of the poor." In the year 1765, payments for fourteen bookings are recorded at 4s. ioAd. sterling each (the equivalent of £2 1 8s. 4d. scots), but in that year there is also recorded payments received for the booking of " weekly journeymen," of whom Weekly eleven were booked at twopence per week. The names of the journeymen J ourne .v m en- are mentioned, and the amounts received in respect of their booking run from twopence, representing one week's service, to two shillings, represent- ing twelve weeks' service. The payments for the booking of weekly journeymen begin in the collector's account books in the year 1727-8, and are continued regularly thereafter, but there is no recorded bye-law on the subject, except that which provides for payment by masters having soldiers in their service of twelve pence scots, i.e., one penny sterling per week for each soldier servant. That bye-law was enacted on 11th February, 1681. 1 Servants or journeymen gradually became a distinct caste, and the Attempts to troubles of the masters with their servants increased, as the servants break aw-ay from craft attempted repeatedly to break away from craft control. As early as 1748, control. the journeymen had formed a society of their own, elected a "deacon" and masters, and made rules and laws, in the opinion of the Hammermen Craft, repugnant to the laws and acts of the trade. The journeymen's An early society had levied fines and contributions from their members, and had trade umon - entered into a bond of association not to work after seven o'clock at night. They took the law into their own hands by deserting their work nightly at that hour without leave — a course of action which laid them open to severe punishment at the hands of the Magistrates. To avert this, the society Movement petitioned the craft for shorter hours (the hours were then from six in the f or shorter hours, morning till eight at night), on the ground of the hardness of their work, and that they had no time during the day except to " take their meat," 'See infra, p. 35. 34 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Leaving service with out notice. Regulations In prevent this. Journeymen jobbing for themselves. Subject to prosecution. while journeymen of other crafts had an hour for breakfast and another for dinner, and stopped work at six in the evening. The hard-wrought hammermen servants alleged that, by reason of their late hours, they had no time to go to school, and were thus deprived of the benefits of education, whereas, by stopping at seven o'clock, they would not only be able to go to school, but would work during the day with greater cheerfulness. Their taskmasters were, however, obdurate. Shorter hours, they said, will raise the price of work, and servants, instead of employing their leisure time in the evening in acquiring useful learning, will squander it in "vagueing" on the streets, or in tippling and drinking, and thus unfit themselves for work on the following day. The petition was refused, and masters who wilfully shortened the hours of their servants were subjected to a fine of £18 scots, and ordered to give in the names of all servants who wrought short hours, or joined the journeymen's society ; and the craft further declared that any master agreeing to the demands of the journeymen should be "classed" for seven years — i.e., for that time, he should be incapable of holding office or voting in the trade. Servants often left their masters without notice, and entered into the service of another master for higher wages. Towards the middle of the eighteenth century, this practice was becoming a "scandal" in the trade. It will be remembered that the charter of 1536 prohibited masters from taking another's fee'd servant, but many masters had apparently forgotten, or were unaware of this, one of the constitutional principles of their craft. No reference to the charter is made when, on 19th February, 1761, it is minuted that the craft took this subject into consideration. With a long rhetorical preamble, the trade passed an act providing that no freeman should take a servant without first enquiring of his former master whether he were free to enter into new service. A freeman neglecting to follow this rule was to be subject to a fine of £2 sterling. It was also to be made a condition of service that if a journeyman served six weeks or less, he should give fourteen days' notice of leave to his master ; if more than six weeks, but less than twelve, a month's notice; and, if twelve weeks or more, six weeks' notice. In all written agreements with servants, these conditions were to be embodied under another penalty of £2 sterling. The loss suffered by the master through journeymen "jobbing" for themselves was considered in the year 1773. It was then resolved that servants thus jobbing should be prosecuted at the instance of the deacon and collector with the "utmost rigour of the law," on complaint by a craft master ; but, as complaints might be groundless or proof fail, all com- plainers whose cases were lost were to be obliged to pay the cost, so that SERVANTS. 35 the craft might not suffer. This resolution was intimated to the masters and servants by the officer going round the " shops " of the freemen, " that none might plead ignorance." Old soldiers and sailors had special privileges in burghs in regard to Free practising trades. 1 Neither as masters nor as servants did they pay any P r ' vlle B es of entry money or booking money for the poor of the craft. The hammermen resented such privileges, but they could only visit their resentment upon themselves. Still, they did so in an ingenious and effective manner. They enacted, on nth February, 1681, that such persons should not be received into service until intimation had been made to the deacon, and that any Regulations to make up master having a soldier in his service should pay to the poor twelve pence for loss of scots weekly ; even if the soldier wrought but one day per week, the twelve nes ' pence scots required to be paid under the serious penalty of a new upset. Notwithstanding all these regulations, aimed at bringing the journey- Good faith men within the control of the craft but tending unfortunately at the same craftsmen in time to create a greater chasm between the rank of masters and servants regulating • • r ii-i i i i • • .f°r control contrary to that spirit of brotherhood which marked their every relation in of servants, the earlier days, the masters, with a touch of Pharisaism, more than once protested that what they did was in the best interests of the men them- selves. The following is a sample of their protestations on the subject : — "And as the Trade is really and fully convinced they cannot expect success to the Society or the lawful endeavours of the Members thereof without the Blessing of God, and that they have no ground to hope for it without a real concern for his Glory, therefore they heartily and earnestly Recommend it to every Member thereof to show a good example to their Servants and to be very attentive to and watchfull over the behaviour and morals of their journeymen and servants and to take particular Care none of them prophane the Holy Name of God or His Holy Day, and that they do not live disorderly or keep irregular Hours as to going to Bed, And to enjoin their Servants to make Conscience of their Business, and to use all Seasonable and usefull Exhortations for these Purposes." 2 'See, e.g., the later Act of 3, George III., Cap. S, 1762, "To enable officers, mariners, and soldiers as have been in the land or sea service, etc., to exercise trades." Also the Act of 56, George III., Cap. 67, 1816. Such persons were known as "King's Freemen." They did not require to become freemen of the burgh in which they lived. 'Minutes, 14th October, 174S. PART II. Management of the Craft. CHAPTER V. Early Management The headsmen. No deacon. The Deacon Officials and Master Court and their Duties. Early management — The headsmen and maisters — No deacon — Election of deacons and masters — Queen Mary's charter, 1556: The deacon — Term of office — Qualification for office — Method of election — Leeting — Abandonment of leeting — Acceptance of office compulsory — Deacon's powers — His duties and privileges — Deacon's arms— Convenery key master : Common procurator — Collector — Term of office — Limited power over craft money — Collector's accounts : The clerk— Appointment annual — His fees : The officer : The masters — Method and time of election — Number of masters — Deacon's masters — Trade's masters— Essay masters, box masters, goldies, or key masters— Extraordinary masters : Past deacon and collector : Term of master's office — Acceptance compulsory : Oversman of Gorbals : Masters ex-officio : The oath : Meetings and duties — Specimen of minutes of election. Prior to the grant of the Seal of Cause in 1536, the craft had existed as a voluntary association, with leaders known as " headismen " and " maisters." Ordinary members were also called " maisters," but more often "freemen" or "craftsmen." There is no mention of the title "deacon" at that time, nor does the Seal of Cause confer on the craft the privilege of choosing one. Similarly, the Seal of Cause of the Skinners, granted in 1 5 16, makes no reference to the office of deacon. The reason for this may have been that the Scots Parliament was constantly legislating against the crafts from shortly after 1424 (when, by a statute of King James, crafts were permitted to elect deacons) until 1555. During that period, crafts were growing in power and numbers, and seeking further privileges. A common form in which legislation was aimed at the crafts was to declare the election of a deacon unlawful. But disobedience to statutory law was then a prominent feature of the national life. Laws were constantly being ignored. Royal burghs sometimes granted Seals of Cause containing the •Deacon- N?l*2. JAMES M?VlCAR, 1813*1827. ..3. James Bowman, 1031. ,4. GEORGEYOUNG. 1835. .5*6 GEORGEYOUNG. 1838*1840. ..7. w? Logan. »42. ..8. Alex? Wood. i8S7-i838. .9*10. JOHN DOUGALL. 1837*1839. ..II. David 5teel. 1849. ..12. John Morison. issi. ..13. AlEX R BlLSLAND. I&53 ..14. ChARLESThONAS. 1854. ..is. W M Clark, issz .16. Anthony Inglis. 1859. ..17, DAVIDSUTHERlAND.1861 ..ia. Peter M?lellan, 1863. .19, William Stcphen.1867 .20*21. ARCH?GILCHRIST, 1870*1871. 22*23. john br0adf00t. 1872*1884 1885. .24. John Donald. is73. .25. Andrew M?Conie.i874. .26. John Z.Kay. ists. .27. Robert Murdoch. 1876. .28. waltermacfarunej877 .29, ARCH?5tEWART. 1891-1892. .30, John F.Miller . i892-i893. .31. DAVID TULLIS. 18931894. ,.32. JAS.M9EWAN, 1894-1895. ..33. James Fergus. is95-i896. 34. Andrew Maclean, 1896-1897 .35. TheHon.ThelordProvost) Sir David Richmond]' 898 36. Duncan Campbell, is98-i899. .37, DM?CORKINDALE, 18991900. ..38, W" ROBERTSON. 1900 1901. ..39. William A.Kinghorn. 1901- 1902. .40, RoBERTSTEVENSON, 19021903. .41. jamesbroaofoot. 19031904. James m?ewan. 1904-1905. Donald Stewart. 1905-1906. ^v a David Turn* '"" n TKOVBQiLjkmiiftofl(* - AltOIIlOiVIC. iUiUUjAKmt.1- iNQWA-i Potter smt Intuitu Inscription (Obverse Side) • INCORPORATIONofHAMMERMEN- •Let Glasgow Flourish- By Hammer inHand.AllArts do Stand Masters- Alexander Wood, ALEX«M9LELLAN Jun" James maxwell, john hogg. James Bowman. John brown. T/, £.lateC°>- Hugh Moncrieff ON RIM (THE ORIGINofTHIS CrfAIN&MEDAL WAS 1/0 LEFT BY THE LATE CHA? !}3> f+7i .r\mm «. *. ***. ^•A / Jf't* u c a* ^ \j n 7X ik N?l. JamesRae. 1826 v ')v .. 2. HughM c Donald. 1830 * w ^_ . 3. Robert Murooch,i832 •? ^^V>_ >■ >jz o .4*5. AndTChrichton, 1833*1834 J ^CO<- 7 ^ .6. David M9DONALD. i84i y .7. John M c Callum. 1843 $ •ft; .8. WAlexander. 1845 i 9 W .9. Alex? Bowman. 1846 } 10 V* -10, John M?Leod. 1847. t v. .11. John CROLL. 1846 } .12. Arch°M?Vicar. 1850 * .13. John Neill. 1852. .3 4 V ~S ..14-. Colin MPAlpine. 1855 i ,4. fo .15. R.M.Lindsay. 1856*1864 (/LikkI * O vt .16. William more.. 1858. is v> .17, W m E.C.Clark. I860. i %r;^ « eg ..18. Wr Robertson. 1862 7* ? , * ..19. Thomas Warren. 1865. i w ..20. WilliamSmith. 1868. ^Sn^^ '•C ..21. Joseph Healy. 1869. »n ■22. William Robertson. 1878 iz^*** M,o °"'^«rN ^ 2 o H ..23. John Young. 1879. ..24 John L.K Jam ieson. I860. i f/»* «4*'J^ , !yif?£J«c H 2I £3 11 22 ( v .25 David Kinghorn. 1881. i .26 DavidGorseGlen. 1882. iJ 23 VA .27, James C.Mac Ewan 1883. -Jl £»l .28 William Boyd 18831884. \\ CM-*.- W~n. Jt&j^tijif. if ^^ ..29 John Phillips. 1885-1886. .30 JAMESGILCHRIST 1886-1887. a 25 ^ 1 .31 Hugh Muir. 1887-1888 lX - S - ,-»WTi?" ■-•"" y>! 7 S 27 ^tM .32. JohnTmomson, .33. Alex" Davie. ..3*. Thomas Potter. 1888-1889. 18891890. 18901891. ^IJSSP^ .35. WilliamSorley, 1906- 1907. ..36 Robert howie . 1907 - IS08. 26 f" .37 . Hugh Reid. 1908" 1909. WilliamF.Russell. 1909- 1910. 29 ^S WilliamIoRimer LLD 1910- 1911. 3oV Walter Macfarlane , 1911 - 1912 b£ JO ^ 3,-^V j" ^ -i23 -3e 1 inscription (Reverse side) James Fergus. Deacon. LfSh / . David Richmond, collector 11/ "jJK James MtEwan. L ATE DEACON &?' ANor Maclean Latecollector Mast David Tullis. ER5- OugaldM?Corkindale pfc' JohnTmomson. Willi am Robertson. r Alexander Davie. Thomas Potter. John F. Miller. Williama.kinghorn. Robertsutherland Thomas c.guthrie. ** i^ Duncan Campbell. Hugh Muir. A.CRAIG PATER.SOK . ll b.. Clerk • Masters- alex? m=lellan Sen ? 0- James mcvicar, AlexaBonthion. henry field, John M=Intyre. !K Alex? kerr \ aresq: HE REST BY SUBSCRIPTIONlTRANSFERRED TO THE COLLECTOR 1896. *> ■3 8 a DEACON OFFICIALS AND MASTERS. 37 right to elect a deacon, and crafts elected deacons, even when there was a statutory prohibition against it. Glasgow, it would seem, was a noteworthy exception to this practice. The first Minute Book shows the craft, in 1616, under a managing body consisting of the deacon and twenty-three masters (four of whom were box masters), an officer, an official known as " common procurator," and a clerk. The election of these officials took place at the end of Election of Ut'.'U'OIlS .'lll'l September or early in October. The deacon's election took place first, on masters. a day during Michaelmas appointed for the purpose, and the election of the other office-bearers a week, and occasionally several weeks, later. The charter which Queen Mary granted in favour of Scottish crafts QueenMary's in 1556 restored to all the crafts in Scotland the right to elect a deacon. charter - '556. The missing Seal of Cause granted to the hammermen in 1570 would, doubtless, contain some reference to this right. ' The Minute Book beginning 1616 shows that the deacon then held The deacon, office for at least two years, but, in 1618, the craft resolved that the old deacon should neither be continued nor leeted for a second year, under a T " ra °* penalty of £40 scots to be paid to the deacon convener, one half by the craft and the other half by the old deacon. This was re-enacted on 22nd September, 1626, the deacon convener and trades bailie being present at the meeting — "That nane in ony tyme heireftir sail remane deikin ony langer nor ane zeir and yat for peice and concord to be had yranent." In the year 1693, however, and onwards till the first Minute Book ends in 1734, the deacon holds office for two years, and apparently continues to do so till 1757, when the trade again passed an act that the deacon should only continue in office for one year at a time. No craftsman could be elected to the chair except a master of the Qualification! trade, and after 17 15 only those masters who had been collector could be foroffice - nominated. Even then, although a collector often became deacon some years after demitting office, the custom had not arisen whereby the collector mechanically passed from the one office to the other, as we find several masters who had been deacons prior to 1715 going through the office of collector, with the object, apparently, of qualifying themselves for re-election as deacon. The method of election was that common to the period, viz., a system Method of of leets. election - 'See Weavers' Charter of 1681 (M'Ewan, p. 5). 38 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Leeting. Voting qualification. Qualified roll. Abandon- ment of leeting. Acceptance of office compulsory. The exact system of leeting in use among the hammermen cannot be gathered from the minutes, but there is evidence that it was found unsatisfactory. Many objections were raised to it, and it occasioned " heat and animosities amongst the brethren." To prevent this, the trade passed an act, on 29th November, 1734, that the whole new masters of the craft should be put upon the leet, and the whole trade who had votes should choose one of them to be deacon. The distinction between members of the craft who had and who had not votes was rendered necessary by an act of the Trades House passed on 16th May of the same year, providing that the deacon of each craft should, at the Lammas court meeting, call upon the craftsmen to pay their quarterly accounts, their apprentices' and journeymen's booking money, and mortcloth money, and that all the craftsmen who failed to pay should have no vote in the trade, nor be able to stand election for office. It was from this kind of enactment 1 of the Trades House that the custom arose in the Glasgow crafts of making up a "qualified " roll of voters at the Lammas court meeting, to be used at the Michaelmas election of the deacon and at the election of all other office- bearers. But the leeting of the "whole new masters of the craft" failed also to give satisfaction, and, on 28th November, 1760, the trade enacted that there should not be any leet of masters at the election of the deacon, but that all the masters should be " put out," and "out of them " one should be elected to be deacon. The craft had absolute power to elect a deacon for themselves. There is only one instance to the contrary. Owing to controversy amongst the Hammermen in September, 1636, the Town Council ordained the deacon convener and his council to choose a deacon and masters for the Hammer- men. They chose Hendry Robesoune, who accepted. It is marked in the act of the Trades House : — " . . . this act . . . nawayis to be any farder derogative or prejudiciall to ye bretherine of ye said calling anent ye priviledge grantit to yem heirtofoir be yr Ire of dekinheid for electing and choysing of yr dekin and maisters. . . ." ! On 19th February, 1761, it was resolved that every freeman elected to the office of deacon should be obliged to accept office within ten days, and in case of refusal should forfeit £10 sterling for the use of the poor; but, if the person elected had already served any two years as deacon, he might accept or refuse as he chose. 1 It was not the first of the kind (see T. If. R., 28th August, 1618, and 19th November, 1655). - T. II. R„ 7th September, 1636. DEACON OFFICIALS AND MASTERS. 39 The deacon's powers and duties went far beyond the mere formality of Deacon's presiding at the meetings of the craft and of the master court. The po> jurisdiction of himself and his masters must be considered together, and will be treated later. Before 1605, the deacon of the craft often attended the meetings of the His duties Town Council. After 1605, his duties, outside of the craft work, were to Svileses act on the deacon convener's council along with the last deacon and several " assisters " nominated by himself, and, if elected from that body, to act as one of the four dean of guild lyners of craft rank in the dean of guild's council. The deacon might also form one of the twelve trade councillors of the city, King James VI. having, in 1606, by special letter addressed to the Archbishop, provided that the Town Council of Glasgow should consist half of merchants and half of craftsmen. 1 During the seventeenth century, the deacon also headed the hammer- Wapin- men in all public wapinschaws and musterings. 2 Along with several of his sc aws " e court, he attended many funerals of the nobility and gentry, and convoyed in and out of the burgh the Lords of Session, the bishop, and any high officer of state or gentleman of rank who might be visiting the town. His official dress was that of a fully armed burgess. From 1628 until 1649, along with each new deacon of other crafts, he Deacon's lodged in the almshouse a new musket. 3 On 10th August, 1649, the house resolved that each new deacon should lodge instead one sufficient sword and belt worth 10 merks, but, in September of the same year, the deacon of the hammermen is found putting in his " musket and bandalier " as usual. The practice seems to have been to allow the deacon some choice of the arms to be lodged. As the arms lodged in the almshouse had been "seized by the English,' 1 it was resolved by the house, on 16th February, 1652, that each new deacon should, instead of lodging arms, pay £8 scots " for the use of the poor." While arms were kept in the almshouse, the deacon convener and his council arranged with the deacon of the hammermen to keep them "cleane and cleir" for a payment often merks yearly. 4 The deacon of hammermen, also, kept one of the three keys of the Convener? deacon convener's first box. The second box, made in 1644, had four keys, e} B three outer and one inner, the inner key being kept by the deacon of the hammermen, and the three outer keys by the deacons of the tailors and the 1 Hill — Merchants House, p. 86. 2 Hume Brown, p. 143; and G. B. R., pp. 208-209, 218-220. ' T. H. R., 13th February, 1628, and 6th May, 1629. *T. H. R., 19th March, 1650. 40 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Common procurator. Collector. Term of office. Limited power over craft money. cordiners and the visitor of the maltmen, 1 thus shewing the early precedence of these Incorporations over the others. In 1616, the officer now known as "collector" did not exist. The funds were kept and administered by the deacon, with the assistance of an official called " common procurator." It is not clear whether this officer was then elected yearly, as there are no appointments minuted in 1617, 1621, 1623, and 1624. Possibly he held office for two years at a time, like the deacon, prior to 1618. The appointment of collector was at first annual. These annual appointments, which date from 1625, are due to a statute of the trade passed on 1st December, 1624, as follows: — " . . In all tyme coing yr sail be ane Collectour to intromett wt ye common guids of ye Craft and sail deburse naylg wtout ane warrand of ye dekin and maisters subscryvit be ye clerk and yat ye dekin intromet wt none wnder ye paine of perjurie and tinsell of his office and never to beir office heireftir." The statute is practically re-enacted on 13th October, 1626, thus : — " . . . Ye said deikin and breyrein . . . has concludit yat yr salbe ane collector of ye craftis geir yeirlie to be choyssin heireftir . . . and to be comptabill to ye craft . . . and sail deburse at ye deikin and ye maist pairt of ye mris directioun. . . ." In 1700, the trade resolved that the collector should hold office for two years, if the trade found him qualified and thought it convenient, and that he should be obliged to accept office for a second year if called on. 2 The collector kept in his hands, from time to time, only £100 scots or thereby, to pay the poor of the trade and defray other small expenses. 3 All other moneys were held in the box, and could not be taken out without the knowledge of the key or box masters. The office was not then, as it is now, a stepping-stone to the deacon's chair, and although, by the act already referred to (29th December, 1715), no one could be chosen deacon unless he had held the office of collector, many collectors never reached the chair. 1 T. II. 11., 5th February, 1644. For appointments of box masters, see ibid., October, 1613, and subsequent years. a The statute of 19th February, 1761, which provided for a penalty on the deacon refusing; to accept office, also provides that a collector should forfeit £6 sterling on refusal to accept, unless he has already served two years, in which case he could accept or refuse as he thought fit. "Minutes, 28th September, 1722, Keys of Deacon's and Colli dor's Clicsts. DEACON OFFICIALS AND MASTERS. 41 There are few directions as to how the collector was to perform his duties, but the rule that he should keep only a small amount of money in his hands and spend nothing without the authority of the deacon and masters was strictly adhered to. Detailed records of his intromissions do not appear in the Minutes. Only the total sums of the charge and discharge sides of his accounts are recorded. Even these are not always accurately given. But there is a complete set of collectors' accounts of charge and discharge, from 1691 Collectors' to 1766, in a foolscap volume, containing full details of the income and a( ' (ounts - expenditure of the craft. The accounts are beautifully written, and as to form are well arranged in heads — the revenue side showing annual rents, freedom fines, booking money for apprentices and servants, quarter accounts, strangers' " brod-pennies," and mortcloth money. On the expenditure side the disbursements first appear without arrangement ; later, they are sub- divided into disbursements by written warrants and by verbal orders or precepts from the deacon. Still later, a distinction is made between deacon's precepts and enrolled poor {i.e., irregular and regular payments), and later again, between the quarterly poor and the monthly poor. On 28th September, 1754, the craft instructed the collector in time coming to charge himself in his accounts with the principal sums owing by debtors, as well as for the annual rents thereof, and to discharge himself for such sums as were resting owing, so that the trade might have a clearer state of the sums due to them. This regulation was carefully followed, as may be seen from the accounts i which, from the first, closely resemble the form in which accounts of Scotch trust estates are still kept. The appointment of clerk was an annual one, and is regularly minuted The clerk, from 1616 onwards. He is always a man of law, and is sometimes clerk Appointment for several other crafts. Wm. Yair, Town Clerk of Glasgow, acted as clerk of the craft from 1655 to 1659. He was also clerk of the Weavers, of the Maltmen, and of the Trades House. There are few entries referring to the office of clerk, and these chiefly deal with his fees, for example : — " xxij Octobris, 1620. His fees. " Delyverit be Robert Vilsoune deikin out of the box to Hew Blair the Clerk the sowme of ten merkes for his service this last zeir in Johne Stirlingis time." \For specimens see Appendix, 42 THK HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The officer. The masters. Method and time of election. Number of masters. Deacons' masters. Trades' masters. Essay masters. "25th November, 1768. "All indentures between the Freemen of the Incorporation and their Apprentices or Servants are to be wrote by the Clerk of the Incorporation for the time." Any breach of this rule deprived the clerk of part of his emoluments and fees " in the faith whereof he undertook to execute his office," and the craft resolved that on an infringement of the regulation, a master should be liable to the clerk for the fees, that the apprentice's booking should be delayed and the master not allowed to vote until the fees were paid, and that all disputes as to the amount of the fees should be determined by the deacon and masters. That the rule was somewhat necessary, will be readily admitted, for we find that the clerk's " fiall and drink money" for 1691 was ,£14 16s. 8d. scots (£1 4s. 8|d.), and in 1766, £1 2s. 2§d. sterling, with 10s. 6d. for his " man," and £6 for " extraordinaries." The officer of the craft has already been partly dealt with -above. 1 His duties were to "warn" the craftsmen and the masters to meetings, to carry the box and candles to the meeting place, to act as deacon's " man " and attend upon him on public occasions, such as convoying " the Lords " or the Bishop in and out of town. He was provided with a "stand" of clothes, hat, shoes, and stockings, a wylie coat, and a small annual " fiall " of £S scots, rising to is. sterling weekly towards the end of the eighteenth century. But he also received special items of remuneration for extra- ordinary duties, besides " fairings" and new year gifts. One of the town's officers was appointed as a "Red Coat Officer" of the trade in 1779. This was in accordance with the practice existing when McUre wrote his History of Glasgow. All the crafts retained one of the town officers for special services. He was required to put the judgments of the deacon and masters to execution. The masters were elected by the system of leeting already referred to, usually a week later than the election of deacon, and it was after they had been elected that a collector was chosen, and the old collector "discharged" of his intromissions. In 1616, as has been said, there were twenty-three masters, besides the deacon ; four of them were box masters, and one of them was common procurator. In 161 7, there were fifteen masters, three of them being box masters. It is not till 1618 that the Minutes distinguish between masters nominated by the deacon and masters elected by the craft. In that year there are eight of each class. In 1619, there are seven deacon's masters, 1 See'page 16. DEACON OFFICIALS AND MASTERS. 43 six craft masters, and also two essay masters, the only year in which the Box office of essay master is specially minuted. In 1620 there are six of each ma ft ers - ... , , troldies or class, and this became the general rule. Two or more of the craftsmen key masters. were also chosen as box masters, key masters or goldies. It was the duty of the masters under the charter to choose two or three of their number to search for all hammermen work executed in the burgh, and to examine the same to find whether it was sufficient in stuff and workmanship, " gude able wyrk to ye sarvice of our Soverynd Lord ye King and his legis," but while there are no minuted appointments of searchers, the records show that there were searchers from time to time. 1 In 1629, an extraordinary master is appointed. This is not minuted Extra- again until 1642, when four extraordinary masters are appointed, along masters, with six deacon's masters, and six craft masters. After 1647, there are often extraordinary masters minuted as such, and it is the exception not to have extraordinary masters until 1686, when their special appointment ceases to be recorded. 1 That searchers were appointed and did their duty is manifest not only from the fact The that the craft had a box in which to store insufficient work, but also from the existence of a searchers, practice known as "setting" or "rouping" the " irne mercat." What was then "set "or " rouped " was the insufficient work discovered by the searchers, and seized by them during the preceding year or part of it, e.g. — "Jth October, 1616. "Ye irne markat is set to William Lindsay for aucht pundis money quhilk is presently payit to Johne Scott deikin." "22nd October, 1619. " Daniel Pollock and Williame Luife appointit to be sey m's in ye Irne meat for ye zeir to come q a hes acceptit ye office and maid fay ! profideli administra ne. " "3rd November, 1626. " The said day Adame Nicoll boieht ye rouppit geir of ye yrone mercat ye yeir pre- ceding for four punds qlk is payit to Arthour Taickeit pnt collector." " 12th October, 1627. " The said day ye yrone work is roupit to William Duncane for four pund ye qlk he obleissis him to pay." " 21st September, 163 1. "The vnsufficient irne wark roippit quhilk wes all givin to Mathew Darroche for his supplie." " Sth November, 1633. " Item the confiscat irne work givin to Johne Duncane for his supplie." "4th November, 1637. "The vnsufficient irne work givin to Johne Scott for xxij s. qlk he payit to the collector." The sum drawn for the "irne mercat" varied from £S scots in 1616 to 22s. scots in 1637. It ceases to be mentioned in the Minutes after 1653. 44 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Past deacon The past deacon and past collector are often to be found in the master court, but not at first, so far as can be gathered, as a matter of course. The advantage of their presence became gradually manifest, and the custom arose without any bye-law being enacted. Term of The term of office was, of course, one year, and under the act of 19th \cceDtance February, 1761, masters nominated or elected required to accept office or compulsory, forfeit £2 10s. stg. for the use of the poor. Oversmanof After 1669, an " Oversman of the Hammermen of Gorbals" was annually elected. The relation of the craft to the town of Gorbals requires special mention, as the connection lasted for over a century. Masters But there were also masters ex-officio. The first recorded ex-officio rule is that of 3rd September, 1670 : — " In all tyme coming ane of their tred who has bein or sail be ane bailzie of this burgh sail be ane of thair masters in tyme coming and sail be ane of thair number in the deaconveiners hous wtout questioune or objectioune in time heirafter and wtout choysing or woting." The oath. Before acting, all the masters and officials were required to appear at a meeting of the court and accept office and take the oath. Hence it was always carefully noted in the Minutes which masters were absent at election, so that they could be sworn on their first attendance. 1 Meetings The meetings of the master court were held in the almshouse, the deacon's house, or in taverns in the city. 2 The duties of the masters were, to appoint searchers for testing all work and essay masters for trying applicants for admission ; to admit new members found qualified ; to deal with trade offences and trade disputes ; to try and to punish craftsmen, apprentices, and servants for breaches of the statutes of the trade, breaches of indentures and agreements, and breaches of the peace — the deacon, of course, always being present. They instructed the collector as to investments and the disbursing of the craft funds ; attended at the collection of quarter accounts by the collector ; saw to the prosecution and punishment of unfree craftsmen infringing on the rights and privileges of members ; and represented the craft on all public and social occasions. From the decision of the deacon and masters an 1 The system of leeting had also unsatisfactory results in the election of masters. It is accordingly minuted, on 29th November, 1765, that in all time coming the six masters who shall be elected out of the trade shall be elected out of six different leets to be made up for that purpose, any late act or custom to the contrary notwithstanding. ' Such meeting places are usually disguised to the modern reader under the phrase, " In the house of ." and duties. DEACON OFFICIALS AND MASTERS. 45 offender could always appeal — first to the deacon convener and his council, and then to the Magistrates and Town Council. A complainer was not supposed to make his complaint first to the latter bodies unless in civil causes and assaults, but direct to the deacon, who called his masters together and judged of the complaint. This may be gathered from a Minute of the Trades House on 25th May, 1661, as follows : — " Report being made that the magrats had regraitit that there wer cum befor them som triviall maters belonging to the treds onlie, it was therfor vnanimuslie statut and ordained be all pnt that qtsomever craftisman trubles any of ye magrats wt complents meirlie belonging to the treds qll first he acquant ye deacon of his calling or then the deacon conveiner and deacones yanent that yt persone in no tyme cumeing sail beir no office amongst the trads nor in the deacon conveiners hous and yis is wtout prejudice of ony persone to complein for civill causs civill debts streking and bloods." The following is a specimen of the Minutes of election : — " A tl the treds hospitall the nynteine day of Septer i6jj yeires. " The whilk day being conveined the most pairt of the hemmermen tred of the said burgh they in one voice ellected and choysed Williame Grahame to be thair deacone for ane yeir to come qlk Wm. Grahame compeired and accepted yrof and gave his oath de fideli administrefne." Specimen Minute of election. Wm. Grahame deacone. Johns clerk. Andersoune, officer. Masters of craft. " Att the treds hospitall the tuintie saxt day of Septer 1673 yeires. " The qlk day Jo n Johns no 1 publict is continowed clerk of the hemmermen tred for ane yeir to come who accepted yrof and gave his oath de fideli adviinistra~ne. " The qlk day Robert Andersoune officer to the said tred is continowed officer for ane yeir to come, who gave his oath de fideli adiuinistrane. " The qlk day being conveined in the treds hospitall the deacone and most pairt of the hemmermene tred of the sd burgh they by pluralitie of vote ellected and choyse the persouns vnderwrt to be masters of craft for ane yeir to come who gave yr oathes de fideli adminstne and accepted yrof. 4 6 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Logane visitor of the Gorball Deacones sax masters. Williame Philp. Patrick Mcllviccar. Thomas McCuir. Andrew Bailzie. Ro' Telphair. Jo" Love. Treds sax. Alexr. Black. Jo" Rankine. James Love. Alexr. Strang. Andrew Black. Jo n Johnstoune. Go/dies. Robert Brock. Jo" Bogill. James Waterstoune. Collector. " The qlk day Johne Hodge is mad collector of the sd calling by pluralitie of vote who accepted yrof and gave his oath de fideli administrcCne. "The qlk day by pluralitie of woits of the sd tred George Logane hemmerman in Gorballs is nominat visitor hemmermen. f the hemmermen tred in Gorballs for ane yeir to come who being pnt accepted yrof and gave his oath de fideli administra fie." CHAPTER VI. The Jurisdiction of the Deacon and Masters. Nature of jurisdiction of master court — Quality of work — Searching : Examples of convictions — Brown v. Conynghame — The Masters v. Lindsay : Only masters' work recognised — Mode of dealing with unreasonable customers — Dealing with insufficient work — Seizures — Unfreeraen not to be assisted to " finish " work : Master and apprentice — Punishment of apprentice offences — Cancelling indentures: — (a) at master's instance; (/») at instance of apprentice — A question of wages — Transfers : Discipline — Slandering the deacon a serious offence — Examples of convictions : No jurisdiction against person or property of unfree- raen — The limits of craft jurisdiction — Magistrates' sanction sometimes requisite — Appeal to higher Courts — Attitude of the Courts. The deacon and masters had jurisdiction over the members of the craft, Nature of and those under its protection in all trade matters, and they were also {""master" expected to maintain good order and discipline so far as they could court, without troubling the Magistrates. The charter of 1536 provided for the craftsmen meeting from time to time for communing upon the breaking of the statutes or regulations contained in their charter, and certifying to the Provost and Bailies so that "reformation and punishment might be done." Their work chiefly lay in seeing to the quality of all work turned out, in punishing offenders for breaches of the statutes or of agreements, and in dealing summarily with unruly members. Quality of work was partly ensured by the system of searching, i.e., by Quality the masters visiting all the booths and houses of the craftsmen, and attend- of work " ing at the market place examining work laid out there for sale. During the week only the craftsmen's work could be shown. But on market and fair days, strangers might come into the town with work for sale. All such work was subject to examination. The charter provided that every Saturday afternoon (when the week's Searching, work was finished), two or three of the worthiest masters with knowledge of the craft, chosen by the whole fellowship, should with an officer, pass, search, and see all men's work of the craft if it be sufficient "in stuff and wyrkmanship gude able wyrk to the s' vice of Our Soverand Lord ye King and his Legis," and where it was found faulty "forbid the same under the pain of escheating thereof." 4 8 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Brown V, Conyng- hame. Examples of There were many convictions by the deacon and masters for insufficient convictions. 1 work, e.g. — " 2jrd December, 1618. " The quhilk day anent ye complaint givin in agains Robert Conynghame for ane vnsufficiet flaick box and wand sauld be him to Elizat Broun Spous to James Zoung qlk complaint being dewlie tried by the Deikin and haill mrs ye flaick box and wand is fund vnsuffi- cient and not wordie to serve ye Kingis leiges. Thairfoir the Deikin and mrs all in ane voice decern and ordain ye said Rot Conyghame to ressaue back ye flaick and wands wt ye box fra ye said Elizat and to mak hir ane new flaick box and wands guid and sufficiet to be sichted by ye Deikin and mrs befoir deliverie and ye said Elizat to pay him four punds ten shillings money yfoir." Again, on 4th May, 1631, William Lindsay is fined £5 "for takig out of the meat ane vnsufficient irne work and cponing wt the pairtie thairfoir." That is to say, the masters for the reputation of the craft, did not even allow insufficient work to be sold at a reduced price. Besides the searching, there were other methods resorted to for keeping up the quality of work. Only masters' work was allowed to be bought and sold. Neither an apprentice nor a servant during their period of service or appren- ticeship could lawfully buy or sell for their own behoof. The apprentice or servant found doing so was liable to a fine of £4, and was prohibited from working under the protection of the craft until the fine was paid. 1 Doubt- less this law was prompted by the desire to retain the monopoly of the trade in the hands of the masters, but it was also in the interests of the purchasers, because servants and apprentices could not sell openly in the market or in a booth, but only secretly, and they could only do repair or manufacturing work out of working hours when away from the oversight of their masters. The chances were all in favour of insufficient work under such conditions, and the purchaser could not make any complaint if he were cheated, whereas if in ordinary circumstances a customer had a reasonable complaint against a craftsman, the deacon and masters dealt with it. If the complaint of a customer were deemed unreasonable, and the dealing with .,, r . . . rr . . . . . . r unreasonable customer still refused to pay without sufficient cause, the injured craftsman, customers. besides suing in the Burgh Courts (for the deacon and masters had no jurisdiction over customers for debts due), could avenge himself under a The masters v. Lindsay. Only masters' work recognised. Mode of 1 Minutes, 7th August, 1618. > 'O unfreemen. MARKETS AND FAIRS. 73 the dignity of the guild, either sold in their booths or in the particular part of the market-place set aside for their wares. There were some commodities which it was reckoned beneath the Rights of dignity of a guild brother of either rank to sell, such as tar oil butter eees F" 1 ', 1 ° » . B bb brethren of green herring pears apples corn candle onions kale straw bread and milk, both ranks. These articles, therefore, were left to be sold by the burgesses who were not guild brethren. But baker guild brethren could sell bread, that being an article manufactured by a privileged trade, at all "licit" times. The merchant burgesses and guild brethren had a monopoly in the sale of a great many commodities. Even the purchase of many of these commodities in large quantities was also their monopoly, unless in those few cases where the craftsmen burgesses required to purchase in large quantities for manufacturing purposes. A simple burgess, who was not a guild brother of either rank, could Rights of only trade in a limited way in small goods, such as those above mentioned, burgesses, and not at all in large quantities, nor in those manufactured commodities which were the monopoly of the craftsmen. Excluding the monopoly rights of the burgesses of both ranks and the Position of trading rights of simple burgesses (which did not interfere with these monopolies), there were (ew free trading facilities left. Pedlars and hucksters could go about the town selling articles of a kind and in a manner which did not infringe upon the rights of the merchants, craftsmen, or burgesses. But pedlars could not set stalls upon the High Street, unless on Mondays (market day) and fairs, and they could not then deal in any wares except those permitted to a simple burgess. That is, even on market days, the rights of the merchant and craft guild brethren were protected. 1 No unfreeman could sell on a market day from his stand 3 between 8 A.M., and 2 P.M. These hours were reserved for the burgesses and guild brethren. The only exception to this rule was that in favour of retailers of woollen cloth and vendors of food, the necessities of life. They could sell from morning till evening without restriction. But here there was another qualification. Vendors of wheat bread, if unfreemen, had to keep the appointed hours, i.e., they were not allowed to sell between 1 L. of O., section 25, or T. H. K., p. 543. 2 There is some doubt as to whether the word "but," i.e., "except," should not be read here before " between." The weavers' copy of the Letter of Guildry alone omits the word "but," thus making the hours reserved to burgesses and guild brethren 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. On the whole, this seems the better reading, seeing that the specially privileged unfreemen, "retailers of woollen cloth," are declared to have the right to sell from "morning till evening." If it were already their right to sell from 8 a.m. to 2 r.si., the privilege of selling after two o'clock would surely have been expressed in a different way. 74 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Hammermen market. The "brod pennie." 8 A.M. and 2 P.M., these hours being the hours during which the privileged baker craftsmen had the monopoly of the sale of wheat bread. The hammermen of Glasgow enjoyed all the craft privileges just narrated and were subject to the same restrictions as other craftsmen. They had their booths or shops, and they might sell there or in the market- place, while some could vend their "iron work" on the High Street. On market days, their exclusive rights were slightly relaxed in favour of privileged strangers, and then, at the spot permitted by the Council, the hammermen of Glasgow, Gorbals, and many out-lying villages, were to be found vieing with each other to supply the demands of the inhabitants. No trace of the hammermen market can be found in the burgh records, but that there was such a market at which the members of the craft occupied the best places, the men of Gorbals the next best, and privileged strangers the remaining positions worthy of competing for, can be inferred from the records of the craft. 1 As to the exact situation of the hammermen market, we can get no information. It was probably at or near the High Street. Stranger craftsmen from other towns, coming regularly to market, paid the hammer- men craft for the privilege of occupying stances near the town hammermen. What the payment was in the early part of the seventeenth century cannot be ascertained, as the dues were then rouped to a tacksman who collected them, making a small profit to himself. These dues were called "strangers' brod pennies," or simply "the brod pennie." " Quinto Octobris, 1616. " The same day ye broad pennie for ye zeir to come is set to Willia Lindsay for ye zeir to come for allevin mks money for paymet qrof vpone ye first of August next Win. Luife is become ca une and ye said Wm. Lindsay actit for his releif." Neither the burgh nor the craft records tell us what the "brod pennie" was. The collectors' accounts beginning in 1691 provide the explanation under the head of " strangers' brod pennies." There are given the names of stranger craftsmen, the town from which they came weekly to the Glasgow market, and the amounts paid by them to the craft. It appears from these accounts that the sum these strangers paid to the craft was 12s. scots (or is. sterling) per annum. Such charges or small dues, sometimes called "taxation pennies" and "custom pennies," were exacted from un- 1 See also T. II. It., p. 67, in the collector's accounts for 1615 : — " iiij c naills bought in the mercat." MARKETS AND FAIRS. 75 freemen coming to the market with goods for sale. They were not peculiar to the hammermen craft, but were of ancient and common usage, for the Act of the Scots Parliament, 1491, Cap. 42, had prohibited crafts- men in burghs in all time coming from levying these dues, and it would appear that as little regard was paid by the craftsmen of Scotland to this Act as to many others. During the time the "brod pennie" was rouped to a tacksman the revenue varied from 11 merks in 1616, and 8 merks in 1618, to £18 scots in 1648. 1 The "brod pennie" ceases to be farmed out after that year. On 23rd October, 1649, the deacon and collector took upon themselves to collect the "brod pennie" for the year to come, "and obleiss them to be cairful." The Minutes are silent on the subject thereafter, but the collectors' accounts contain notes of all future collections down till 1831. The "men of Gorbals" did not pay the "brod pennie." They sur- rendered part of their quarter accounts to the hammermen craft in Glasgow for the privilege of setting up stands in the market-place next those of the Glasgow craftsmen. But the " men of Bannockburn " paid the " brod pennie," and also craftsmen coming from Rutherglen, Dunblane, Culross, St. Ninians, and several villages near Glasgow, as well as sundry " mer- chants and tinkers." The searchers of the craft attended the market and seized and Searching confiscated all insufficient work, whether of a member of the trade or an mar e unfreeman. This insufficient iron work was afterwards broken up, and, when it had accumulated to some extent, it was sold or rouped. From the phrases "the rouppit geir of ye yrone mercat " and "the setting of ye irne " Houppit markat," used in connection with the sale of this insufficient confiscated geir- work, we can also infer the existence of a hammermen market. Certain commodities could, as has been explained, be retailed only Hammermen by guild brethren. Amongst these were iron, brass, copper, and "asche," 2 ™a nu fa C _° r but these articles would not be found in the hammermen market, tured articles Being raw material, saleable only by the merchant guild brethren, they would require to be purchased from a guild brother in his shop 1 It was common in the burghs of Scotland during the middle ages to farm out all kinds of petty customs which could not be ingathered without considerable trouble and without danger of loss by fraud. When dues were thus farmed out, the burgh corporation, or the guild or craft, knew exactly how much revenue was to be derived for the coming year from that source, while the tacksman took good care that he ingathered the dues from all persons liable to pay, as the surplus after he had gathered the amount agreed on represented his profit. See Renwick's Qlasgow Memorials, chap, xi., and Hill's Annah of the Skhimrs Craft, p. 92. 2 L. of (?., section 24, or T. H. K, p. 543. only. 76 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No middlemen. The fairs. Distinction between markets and fairs. General effect of fairs. or booth, or in a recognised place where guild brethren and privileged stranger merchants were on market days displaying all kinds of raw material for the requirements of the merchants, or craftsmen, or for the private use of the general inhabitants. The guild brother who retailed these materials was obliged, as has been said, to keep to his booth, ex- cept on market and fair days. ] He was not allowed, unless on these occasions, to display his goods upon the streets for sale, for that was beneath the dignity of a guild brother. The hammermen market, therefore, would be for manufactured articles only, and for the handiwork of the hammermen craftsmen and of privileged strangers. But on whatever such occasion it might be, the craftsmen always sold goods to a person making use of them himself, who would not be selling them over again in the burgh. No middleman or merchant dared sell anything in the burgh the workmanship of which, either in part or in whole, was the monopoly of the craftsmen of an incorporated trade. On fair days, however, the goods or the handiwork of all stranger merchants or craftsmen, from whatever part of the country, could be freely bought from these strangers, but for use only, and not for re-sale, unless possibly by the merchants of the town. While craftsmen from villages and towns were granted privileges by burgh crafts to attend the burgh markets with their wares, this privilege was seldom, if ever, extended to men from other burghs. Each burgh jealously guarded its rights. But during the time of the fair a different principle prevailed. An entry in the Aberdeen Burgh Records, of date 1557, shows the distinction between markets and fairs: "The Council ordains a writing to be made and sent to the Town of Dundee that they come not here with their creamery and merchandise on Saint Nicolas Day, because it is not fair but against the privilege and infeftment of the town." Only on the occasion of the town fair were the men of Dundee, or of any other burgh, to be allowed to trade in Aberdeen. 2 At fair time, in every burgh in Scotland, trading and merchandise were free to all comers. Monopoly rights were for the time wholly suspended. These great fairs were seldom held more than once a year, although there were also small fairs of special character held throughout the year, such as horse fairs and cow fairs. In Glasgow, the annual fair in July was an occasion when merchants and craftsmen from all parts of the country, and from other countries, congregated together and competed with the merchants and craftsmen of 1 L. of G., sections 25 and 27, or T. II. R., p. 543. 2 Aberdeen B. R., vol. i., p. 307 (Spalding Club). MARKETS AND FAIRS. 77 the burgh. At such a time stranger merchants and craftsmen who thought they might establish a successful business in the burgh would settle permanently, and, it may be, start a new trade or industry. At such a time, also, the products of the whole country, and of other countries, could be seen gathered together, and could be freely bought and sold. The isolated character of each burgh made the annual fair a time of great importance to the community. The fair time was a time of holiday, as the name implies, but it was also a time when the burgesses learnt many things about their own and other countries — when their petty parochial ideas were for the time set aside, and the limited field of their commercial vision became so enlarged that they grasped the idea of national as con- trasted with burghal unity. At such a time, the hammermen of Glasgow would welcome into their midst a clockmaker or a cutler from England or the Continent, a pewterer from Edinburgh, or a small toolmaker from Bannockburn. Indeed, it was this spirit of extending the welcome hand to a skilled stranger, exercised at all available times and not only during the fair, that made Glasgow and other burghs progress and prosper, while the opposite spirit of exclusiveness kept many another burgh stationary or drove it towards decay. The oppressive insistence on the maintenance of the monopoly rights of the old privileged burghs, the raising of the rates of entry money for strangers, and the lowering of the rates for sons and sons- in-law caused the passing of many skilled journeymen from the exclusive burgh into the country districts or, it may be, into a privileged burgh of a less exclusive kind where the burgesses had already learned the lesson taught them by the ancient system of markets and fairs. In England, the rise of free towns such as Birmingham and Sheffield was due in great measure to this spirit of exclusiveness in the older burghs. In the free town, trade could be carried on without let or hindrance, and progress was therefore always more assured. Glasgow followed a middle course. The burgesses and guild brethren held fast to those privileges they had, at the same time welcoming into the privileged craft the expert stranger who desired to settle in the town, or allowing him, by the mere acquisition of burgess rights, to set up a fresh industry of mutual profit to the new man and the old community. Happily for the future of Glasgow, there was no practice amongst the guilds of raising the charges inordinately for entry to strangers so as to conserve the privileges of the guild chiefly for the descendants of members. The Glasgow guilds looked more to the character and the skill of the workman than to his purse and family. PART IV. Duties and Obligations of the Craftsmen. CHAPTER X. Burgess Duties. General statement : Duties in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries : Taxation — Method of imposition— The stenters— Collectors— Incidence — Exemptions : Watching — The night watch — Day and night watching : Warding — The armed burgesses — Deacons assist in organisation — Tumults between merchants and craftsmen — Organisation of the town guard — Musters and wapinschaws — Organisation after 1605 — Muster roll— Excep- tional duties during Civil War and the Revolution of 1688— The union agitation, 1706— Late eighteenth century practices — Advent of the police system. General FOR all his privileges the burgess had to pay and to serve. His obligations and duties were the counterpart of his rights and privileges. In the earliest times, when the possession of land was a necessary qualification for acquisition of burgess-ship, the burgess had to defend his burrowage. 1 He had to build and keep a house upon his land. It was his duty to take his share, if called upon, in the management of burgh affairs, besides at all times paying his proportion of the municipal expenditure or other pecuniary calls upon the burgh. He was bound, also, to watch and to ward the burgh, and either of these duties, as we shall see, required that he should possess not only weapons but armour. In other words, the burgess was expected to render the burgh authorities assistance according to his ability and his means whenever they needed his personal services or his money, 2 and whether that money was required for local purposes or for the purposes of the Crown or the nation. 1 Leges Burgorum, sect. I. 2 In England, these pecuniary obligations were expressed by the well-known phrase, " scot and lot." We meet with it rarely in Scots law and history. BURGESS DUTIES. 79 What, then, were the obligations and duties of the Glasgow craftsmen Duties in the in these respects in the times with which we are dealing ? Many of the seventeenth burgesses in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had no burgh land eighteenth or house. The land qualification had then long passed into desuetude. But the obligations to pay a share of taxation, local and national, and to serve the burgh, still held good. There was no regular time for the imposition of taxation. The Taxation common good was supposed to serve all local requirements. Taxation for irre & ular - extraordinary expenditure was, therefore, only imposed as money was required. On many occasions the crafts, acceding to the request of the Town Council, made "ane voluntarie contribution" for repairing kirks, 1 forming causeways, 2 maintaining the burgh property, and other "common causes." 3 The King or the Scots Parliament often called for contributions for the personal purposes of the sovereign or for the needs of the country, such as the King's marriage, the maintenance of the regular army, and the raising of troops for special expeditions. 4 The Town Councils took advantage of the guild and craft organisa- Method of tion when taxes were being imposed. Prior to 1605, the deacons were imposition, always present when the Council made arrangements for the apportion- ment and collection of a tax. The resolutions followed the formula — " It is condescended by the Provost, Bailies, Council, and Deacons." All taxes were apportioned by persons called stenters, whom the The stenters. Town Council appointed. The practice was to divide the stenters into two ranks. 5 The deacons of each craft apportioned the taxes amongst craftsmen, and an equal number of burgesses performed the same function for the merchants and for the remaining burgesses who had no deacon. These stenters or stentmasters did not stent themselves. 6 The Magistrates and Council intervened and stented them impartially. All the stenters were sworn burgesses. An honorary burgess could not, therefore, act in that capacity. When chosen by the Council, they required to accept office, or pay a fine, or suffer imprisonment. 7 Their duty was to stent or apportion the tax amongst the burgesses of their quality and vocation, but not to ingather the tax. 1 6. B. R., 26th August, 1574; 27th February, 1582-3. 2 G. B. R., 19th November, 1577. ' 6. B. R., 16th September, 1600. * G. B. R., nth December, 15S9 ; 30th November, 1605 ; 12th December, 1607. 6 G. B. R., 5th October, 1574; 3rd December, 1594; 2nd July, 160S; 1st February, 1609. 6 G. B. R., 10th January, 1652. 7 G. B. R., 21st November, 1690 ; 18th July, 1696. 8o THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Collectors. Incidence. Exemptions. Watching. The night watch. The taxes were collected by two collectors — one a merchant and one a craftsman. The incidence of all burgh taxation was upon the burgesses, heritors, and "other privileged inhabitants." For instance, "Heritors, merchants, craftsmen, victuallers, vintners, and other inhabitants subject and liable in payment of stent," were the persons upon whom the Council directed the " particular stent " of 1690 to fall. 1 The instructions of the Council four years later show more clearly how privilege and burden were co-related. 2 The stentmasters were to stent — (a) all burgess inhabitants according to their respective abilities ; (b) the widows of such whose husbands had been burgesses, merchants, or craftsmen ; 3 (c) all writers and professional men who had been for some years carrying on their professions in the burgh and benefiting thereby ; (d) all burgesses doing trade within the town by right of burgess-ship although not actually resident there ; (e) out of town people who owned houses or land in the burgh. The "writers" were specially included here because, along with the incorporation of physicians, surgeons, and barbers of the burgh, they had attempted at one time to obtain exemption. The only burgesses, however, who were exempt from taxation were the Provost and Bailies for the time and the Town Clerk. 4 When the town required the personal services of the burgesses, craft organisation was again brought into play. All burgesses were liable to be called out at any time to watch the town. Night watching was so dangerous in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries as to require both weapons and armour. To protect the inhabitants from the depredations of "night walkers" 5 and the " breaking " of houses and booths by thieves, the Bailies selected a certain number of the burgesses from time to time as they thought fit. The watch was set by an order sent through the town by the town drummer, commanding every person who had been chosen to come out or suffer a 1 0. B. R., nth November, 1690. * G. B. R., 2nd January, 1694; also 24th April, 1675. 3 Widows, although not burgesses, had the right to carry on the same business as their husbands. *G. B. R., 1 8th September, 1630; see also 1605 and 16 10. 6 G. B. R., 22nd March, 1594-5; and December, 1659. -5 ■-S ft; J 5 a; . BURGESS DUTIES. . i penalty. The watchers took up their position at four different quarters of the town, and there they had to " walk up and down " the streets, search suspected persons, enter houses, and even break doors open if necessity arose. Their duties began at nine or ten at night and lasted till three, four, or five next morning. During the Civil War day watches were held from seven in the Day and morning till ten at night for " taking notice of testimonials," ' and in times ^f^ng of pestilence the watch was kept day and night, a very necessary precaution to prevent infected persons entering the town. But it was the duty of the burgess not only to watch but to defend his Warding, burgh. The two duties of watching and warding, which seem formerly to have been separate and distinct, became, as it were, merged together towards the middle of the seventeenth century. In the time of James VI. every booth-holder was required to have in The armed readiness within his booth a hagbut, jack, and steel bonnet for " eschewing Dur g esses - all such inconveniences that might happen." 2 This was in 1574, and the practice was then an old one. To all Town Council resolutions concerning the arming of the burgesses, Deacons in prior to 1605, the deacons were parties. Moreover, while the Bailies were or g amsatlon - appointed to " sicht " the merchants and the other inhabitants not having deacons, each deacon had to "sicht" his craft and "give up in a ticket" or list the names of the men he had ready for service. 8 The deacons' lists contained the names of two classes — those " substantious and habill " men who could provide a hagbut with "graith powder and bullet effeiring thereto," and those not so "habill," who could furnish themselves with a long spear, a jack, steel bonnet, sword, and buckler. We can imagine the hammermen of these days being kept busy "making and mending" for the armed burgesses. The smiths, armourers, dagmakers, and sword slypers would welcome the resolution of the Council and the deacons that all weapons were to be the burgesses' own property, and " non borrowit." * Small wonder that there were frequent tumults and quarrels between Tumults the merchants and craftsmen for place, precedence, or equality when the ehanuand"" burgesses were called to muster on the Town Green. 6 Small wonder that craftsmen, the deacon of the hammermen, along with his colleagues of other crafts, were more than once called to account for the disorderly conduct of their 1 O. B. E., 20th December, 1645. » ft B. JR., 6th July, 1574. 8 G. B. B., 10th March, 1577-8. ' ft B. R., 28th May, 1600. 6 0. B. B., 7th July, 1583; also . . . 1595. 6 82 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Organisation of the town guard. Musters and wapinschaws Organisation after 1605. Muster roll Exceptional duties during the Civil War, men, and asked to find caution for the discipline and behaviour of those of their "treds" who might be "insolent" or "troublous" to the town. Both in the organisation of the town guard and at public musters or wapinschaws, the deacons jealously maintained their right to equality of honours with the merchants. The town was divided into four quarters under four commanders. These commanders had four lieutenants and four ensigns, selected equally from merchants and crafts. The very corporals and sergeants were taken in equal numbers from the merchants and the craftsmen. The appointments were made yearly, at Michaelmas. 1 The names of many hammermen are to be found amongst the " Officers of the Companies of the Burgh" as captains, " livetennents," or ensigns. In quiet times musters and wapinschaws were held at long intervals, but in troublous times they were held as often as once a month. 2 They were called by order of the Council. The drummers went through the town warning all the burgesses to turn out under a penalty. Amongst the delinquents 3 often fined by the Magistrates for non-attendance we do not read the names of any hammermen. They were probably too much interested in the accoutrements required for these public functions to be found lacking in enthusiasm, and being able, most of them, to manufacture their own arms and armour at cost price, they would be proud of these opportunities of displaying perfect products of their art. After 1605 the deacons took no further part in Town Council resolu- tions, but the organisation of the guard was practically the same as before. It then became the duty of the dean of guild to enrol the merchants, and of the deacon convener to see that all the deacons enrolled their craftsmen. The rolls so made up were handed to the Town Clerk and became the muster roll from which the names were called. 4 During the Civil War the hammermen were kept busy. In 1643, the king desired his country to be put in " ane postur of War." Every man had to be "in readiness at all times with sufficient arms," 5 and, if need be, had to go far beyond the confines of the burgh. A year later, all persons between " sextie and sextein " were ordered to be prepared with their best arms and to come out with their captains, with match, powder, and lead, under the pain of death. The hammermen of Glasgow were unable to cope with the demand for weapons. Arms ran short, and the Town Council sent to Holland for six score of sword blades. 1 67. B. R., iSth April, 1601. " O. B. A'., 18th March, 1601 ; 17th November, 1666. ;i '•'. B. R., October, 1575 ; 5th May, 160S. * G.B.R., 5th May, 1608. i O.B.R„ 2nd October, 1643. BURGESS DUTIES. 83 The Revolution of 1688 was also a trying time for the citizen soldiers, and the By command of the Privy Council, ten companies were raised in Glasgow 0/^1088.'° that year "for the king's service to secure the peace of the town." In the Town Council Minutes of the meeting at which officers were appointed, we find a fair division of honours between merchants and crafts, the hammer- men receiving their share. The deacon convener of the day was amongst the captains, ex-deacon convener Robert Telfer (a hammerman) was an ensign of one of the companies, and George Buntine, hammerman, a " Live- tennant" of another. 1 When the Revolution was over and peaceful times had again returned, the organisation of the town guard became neglected. 2 But, in 1704, the officers were once more commanded to give due attention to the keeping of the guard. Among the officers of that year are Captain Andrew Dennes- toun, deacon of the hammermen, and Stephen Rowand, heftmaker. 3 And the Magistrates were empowered to "incarcerate" any officer refusing to serve. The Union agitation of 1706 forced the Town Council again to make The union use of the crafts of the burgh for organising the town guard. It appears ^? o6 " from a representation given in to the Town Council by the dean of guild and deacon convener on Monday, 18th November, 1706, that the mer- chants had met " by themselves," and that the deacons had, by order of the deacon convener, met their respective crafts to consider proposals for keeping the peace of the city and protecting the inhabitants from injuries such as they had suffered during recent " tumults and up- roars." Through the medium of the dean of guild and deacon convener, the two ranks of merchants and craftsmen recommended that the town guard should be duly kept, that "a whole company" should be mounted immediately, and that every master of a family should be present in person sufficiently armed, or, if ill or absent, that his family should send out a "sufficient" person for him. They recommended that the guard should meet every day at three in the afternoon, and continue on duty till the next day at the time they fell to be relieved. All persons in the guard, whether merchants or craftsmen, were to be subject to their officers. As it had formerly been understood by the deacons and their crafts that in time of tumult a certain number of each trade should repair immediately to the guard, it was agreed between both ranks that whatever merchants or trades in case of disturbance repaired to the guard quarters, should become subject to the commanders of the guard then acting, whether these happened to be l O.B.R., 16th October, 1688. i O.B.R., 3rd May, 1701. 3 G.B.R., February, 1704. 8 4 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Late eighteenth century practices. Advent of the poliee system. merchants or craftsmen. So, on the suggestion of the dean of guild and deacon convener, a proclamation was immediately sent through the town by "touk of drum," ordering the whole " fencible men of the town" to be gathered together on the green that same day at noon to hear public inti- mation read of the new arrangements. 1 The guarding of the town was an irksome duty of citizenship through- out the whole of the eighteenth century. Many a night had the weary burgess to rise at the conclusion of family worship, go out to keep the city guard from ten o'clock till four or five in the morning, and then get, exhausted, to bed. 2 As late as 1790 the town was still divided into four districts, and all male citizens above 18 and under 60 years of age, whose rents were over £3 sterling per annum, were obliged to turn out in rotation, 36 every night, and mount guard till the morning. Since the advent of a regular police force, in the year i8co, the burgess has rested from these labours of watching and warding, although there are yet alive some grey-haired burgess veterans who have, during a threatened political rising, done duty as " special constables." 1 0. B. K, 18th November, 1706; M'Ure, pp. 318-27. ' MacGeorge's Old Glasgow, p. 291. CHAPTER XI. Craft Duties. Craft calls upon the craftsmen— Meetings or " Courts "—Dress— Master Courts— Obliga- tion to bear office : Craft taxation— Quarter accounts — First collected by deacon — Yearly collections introduced— Quarter accounts and qualification for voting— Receipt of alms a disqualification : Maintenance of the poor — Position of general poor of the town — Indiscriminate assistance — Systematic assistance — Craft poor and general poor : (i) Craft poor— Warrants— The warrant book— The enrolled poor— The pension roll : (2) Poor men of the almshouse — Maintenance of the almshouse : (3) General poor — The town hospital — Effect of the Poor Law. THE calls of the craft upon the craftsman, qua freeman of the craft, were as Craft calls heavy as the calls of the burgh upon the burgess, qua freeman of the burgh, ('rar'tsmjin The burgess enjoyed his privileges in return for bearing his share of the town burdens. The craftsman obtained his trade rights on condition that he bore his share of the work and the burdens of the craft. He was obliged to be present and take part at meetings. He was summoned by the "deid'' bell to attend the funerals of deceased brethren. If elected as a master or as collector or deacon, he was bound to accept office. He required to pay his proportion of the common charges of the craft, including the cost of ordinary management and of all "extraordinaries." The maintenance of the poor of the trade was one of his paramount duties. The ordinary meetings of the trade were held quarterly, at Candlemas, Meetings or Beltane, Lammas, and Hallowmas, and were known as "Courts." The " Co " rt "- election of the deacon took place at a meeting held during the Michaelmas term, the deacons of all the crafts being usually elected on the same day. 1 The collector and masters and officials were elected at a later meeting, held in October. At a meeting in November (the Hallow court), the col- lector's accounts were "heard." Special meetings were, of course, held as occasion required. The members were expected to attend all meetings, and for absence Fines, without a satisfactory excuse a freeman was subject to a fine of 10s. scots. Absence from a trade funeral cost him 6s. scots. 1 The visitor of the maltmen and raealmen was chosen by the Provost, Bailies, and Council on the same day as they chose the deacon convener from a leet of four presented by the craft. 86 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Dress. But bare attendance was not enough. It was considered undignified to drop one's tools and rush to the almshouse or the Cathedral or the Tron or Blackfriar's kirk in working clothes. " Sexto Maij, 1648. "The quhilk day the Deacon, Masters and Members of Craft being conveined considering ye credit of y r calleing and finding many of thame at thair meiteings in ye Hospitall, neglect ye Crafts credit by bringing vpon y r heids old bonnets contrair ye custome of oy r calleings they haif y'foir statut that it shall not be leasom to no maister of craft, at nae tyme heireftir to convein vnles they haif ane honest hatt vpon y heid and whusa transgressis to pay fort)' shillings moey toties quotics to be bestowed according to ye mynd of ye Deacon for ye tyme." Master The masters met many times throughout the year at various places, Courts. t j le most f avour ed being a tavern or change-house, where the "drink siller" of a new entrant or of a booked apprentice might be put to its legitimate use. There the masters admitted new members, booked apprentices, and dealt with the many details of the craft management. Absence from a meeting of the craft or the master court laid the careless "quarter master" open to a fine of 20s. scots. Obligation to More was expected from the craftsmen than mere attendance at bear office. meetings in fitting garb. The masters, the collector, and the deacon, were doubtless often elected from amongst competing candidates, but the crafts- men appear to have insisted on the right of selecting any men they thought fit for these offices, and as far as possible compelling them to act. Once elected, the office-bearer could not escape duty unless he could formulate a good excuse. Failure to accept office and act was a craft offence. As has already been pointed out, refusal to accept office was, towards the end of the eighteenth century, followed by a fine. A deacon guilty of this slight to the craft paid ,£10 sterling; a collector, £6 ; and an ordinary master, £2 10s. Craft In addition to these personal services, akin to the watching and warding of the burgesses, came the craft taxation. The cost of managing the affairs of the craft and of other "common charges," was paid out of the " quarter accounts " collected from the freemen. These rose from 4s. to 8s., and latterly to 12s. scots per annum, as the demands upon the craft exchequer became greater. They were indeed the rates and taxes of the craft. A member who had not paid them was deprived of his vote and rendered incapable of election to or even nomination for office. taxation. CRAFT DUTIES. 87 These periodical contributions for "common charges," and for the Quarter maintenance or "entertainment" of the poor, are so named because they " were usually exacted quarterly. Quarterly collections were in practice in 1618. Thus on 29th July, 1618, the deacon and masters of the craft "ordainit all in ane voice y l ye contributioune frielie offerit be yame for ye interteneme' of ye puir be exactit qrterlie in all tyme cumig. . . ." Up till 1624 the deacon collected the quarter accounts, but on 5th First December of that year the deacon and masters ordained that in future by deacon. there should be a collector to intromit with the common goods of the craft, who should make disbursements under the warrant of the deacon and masters subscribed by the clerk. The deacon was at the same time prohibited from intromitting with the funds "under the pain of perjury and tinsell of his office, and never to bear office thereafter." The collector was put to considerable trouble in collecting these small Yearly payments, and marking them in the book he kept for the purpose. To introduced. save time collectors got into the habit of collecting them yearly, at the Lammas Court meeting. The craft gave authority for this method of collection on 27th November, 1772, and "in regard the quarterly payments have not been levied quarterly for some time past," it was agreed that "in place of marking them in quarters as formerly they be marked in yearly payments." The due payment of quarter accounts became a qualification for voting Quarter on 13th October, 1626, when at a meeting in the almshouse, the craft qualification resolved " that the whole Craft should pay Quarter Accounts for the supply f° r voting, of the poor of the Alms House," and whoever should break this rule should not be a reputed brother nor have any vote in the craft. The rule was again confirmed on 8th November, 1633, with regard to the election of deacon, the vote being withheld from each member until he should pay his whole quarter accounts for "all preceding years and by-past quarters." The vote was the privilege of the solvent working member only. The Receipt of receipt of alms was a disqualification. In November, 1634, with the object 0,™^,?.;,^^,. of "eschewing diverse abuses and troubles raised by decayed brethren in times by-past," it was resolved that any decayed members who should receive contributions or any part of the craft's money should have no vote in the calling nor be able to bear office. On account of objectionable practices and customs which had crept into the public administration of the trades, the Trades House, on 26th May, 1722, 1 took up the question of voting, and ordained that no person 1 Engrossed in Act Book of the trade under same date. 88 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Maintenance of the poor. Position of the general poor of the town. Indiscrimi- nate assistance. Systematic assistance. Craft poor and general poor. admitted a freeman by any of the trades who should receive, either by himself or any of his children in his family, any pension or charity, should be capable of voting or bearing office, nor should any such freeman, if owing anything to the box or poor of the trade, either by way of quarter accounts, freedom fines, booking money, or otherwise, be capable of bearing office or voting until all such pensions or charity and all debts and arrears of same, be first paid to the collector of the craft at least eight days before the election of office-bearers or other "administrative vote." This was to prevent confusion on days of election " or other administration," and the House ordained the rule to be precisely observed by each of the trades of the burgh, extracts being given out by the clerk of the House to each trade. The most serious burden of the craft, however, was the maintenance of its own poor. Having the right to exhaust all the benefits to be gained from the exclusive privilege of carrying on a trade, the craftsmen were held responsible for their old and incapacitated members and the widows and orphans of members of their calling. It would obviously have been unfair to place such a burden on the shoulders of other trades or of the merchants. Each craft had its own rights and bore its own burdens. The general poor of the town, those unconnected with merchants or crafts, were thus left to the tender mercies of their more privileged towns- men or of the kirk-session. Monthly collections were made at the kirk doors for these more helpless victims. But to the credit of the merchants and the crafts be it said that many voluntary contributions were made from the coffers of the Merchants House, the Trades House, and the crafts, to the general poor of the city, and also to passing beggars and paupers of all classes. The various crafts, through their deacons or collectors, gave alms indis- criminately, to a reasonable extent, to passing craftsmen, journeymen, or poor people from other towns, old soldiers and sailors, wandering collegians or students, and even distressed foreigners. But their first care was for the poor of their own craft. Amongst the hammermen, the systematic giving of assistance was, until 1731, confined to the poor of the trade, and such aid was given in two ways: — (1) The deacon and masters by warrant, or the deacon himself by precept, authorised the collector to pay definite sums to distressed members, or widows or children ; (2) The craft paid a sum of money annually to the Trades House towards the cost of maintaining poor craftsmen in the trades hos- pital or almshouse ; (3) After 1731, and until the first Poor Law Act came into operation, the fourteen crafts also contributed a sum annually to the CRAFT DUTIES. 89 charity workhouse or town's hospital, in which were lodged the general poor of the city. (1) As early examples of the first method, we may note: — On 5th (i)Thecraft August, 1618, the deacon and masters grant to James Leischman, "ane £?"■ „ " arrants. distrest member, 40 merks money upon bond, repayable within two years. On 21st May, 1655, the collector is ordained to disburse two dollars to "help to put vmqle Thomas Millaris dochter to ane calling to learne to win her leiving," and neither she nor her mother is to be further supplied for one year to come. On 20th November, 1657, the collector is ordained to give John Calderwood 10 merks to assist him " to buy some commodities to help him to his trade again." On nth May, 1660, for the help of " Jonet" Reid, relict of John Reid, hammerman, the collector is ordained to pay eight pounds for the " hyre of ane aquavytie pott and pertinents " for a year. And on 10th February, 1693, the "iron studdie" which belonged to John Riddell, hammerman, is set to William Waterston for a year for three pounds, " which is to be applied to the maintenance of John Riddell's orphan child." The warrants by the deacon and masters, or precepts by the deacon The warrant alone, were entered in a separate book. Only large sums were noted in the book - Minute Book. So numerous were these payments by the year 1739, that, on 9th November of that year, the trade resolved that deacon's precepts should only be inserted in one general entry in the collector's accounts. Again, on 6th September, 1764, it is minuted that the practice of engrossing in the collector's account the sums given to poor persons by deacon's precepts occasions much unnecessary writing, for avoiding which in time coming the collector should provide "a peper book" for marking and setting down regularly the precepts drawn on him by the deacon for the poor, and at the end of the year total them up and enter the gross sum in his accounts. Deacon's precepts were then the chief source of, and autho- rity for, aid to the poor. But the deacon's unlimited power was checked on 28th September, 1764, when he was restricted in time coming from drawing precepts for poor persons on the collector to a greater extent than £\2 sterling per annum. In distributing that sum, he was to have respect to the poor belonging to the trade and no others, except on extraordinary occasions, and he was to have no regard to the recommendations of any freeman of the trade except masters of the trade for the time being. All his precepts were to bear the name of the poor person, and were not to exceed half a crown to each. 90 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The enrolled poor. The Pension Roll. (2) Poor men of the almshouse. Maintenance of the almshouse. In the meantime there had arisen a practice of granting to a select few of the decayed craftsmen, or their widows, a permanent allowance or pension. These poor people were in some cases paid monthly, and in others, quarterly. They were known as the "enrolled poor," and classed into " Monthly Poor " and " Quarterly Poor." Their names, and the pay- ments made to them were all recorded in a book, the Pension Roll. (2) Besides these irregular and regular forms of almsgiving, the trade, as we saw, contributed a sum annually to the trades hospital or almshouse, for the maintenance of the poor men resident there. Under a deed of agreement by the first thirteen incorporated trades, 1 dated 3rd August, 1605, the hammermen obliged themselves to pay £20 scots annually for this purpose. It seems that the hammermen, like the other crafts, made use of their quarter accounts to meet this payment. " xxij September, 161 8. ". . . the haill craft pnt obleis yameselfes to pay to ye deikin conveiner y qrter payme' to ye puir . . . at ye Hallow Court . . . w l all bygains preceiding Lambes vnder ye pain of ye dowbill yof." Most of the crafts, on account of this new burden, had to raise their quarter accounts from 4s. scots to 8s., and even 12s. per annum. The quarter accounts being levied, inter alia, " for the entertainment of the poor," and "for the supply of the poor in the almshouse," the money could of course be used (so long as poor men from each craft were maintained there) for the upkeep of the almshouse poor. The wording of the Minute just quoted seems to indicate that the hammermen craft, in these early days, had some difficulty in gathering together the quarter accounts out of which this payment was made. This view is emphasised by another Minute of 21st August, 1622 :— " xxj Autj., 1622. ". . . vnderstanding thameselfis to be obleist in payment zeirlie to ye puir of the craftis hospitall in . . . twentie pundis . . . the twentie libs of ariuell qlk they ressave yeirly for . . . twa hundret libs lent out of thair boxit guids sail be imployit zeirlie heireftir for payment of the said twentie libs." But this earmarking of an investment, the revenue of which was to meet the " twentie libs " payment, did not of course absolve the craftsmen from paying their increased quarter accounts. 1 Neither the bonnetmakers nor the dyers were parties to it. T. H. It., pp. 555-6. CRAFT DUTIES. 91 When the agreement was entered into in 1605, the almshouse site had just been purchased, and it had been intended that the house should be maintained by contributions from each individual freeman craftsman of Glasgow, thus: — "(1) tua pennyis oulklie of ilk persoune frie craftisman of our craftis and yair assisteris; (2) 13s. 4d. as for ye wpset of everie prenteis admittit frieman ; and (3) ye equall half of ilk unlaw yat micht happin unto us and our successors." 1 But the crafts realised soon that the twopence weekly from each craftsman, and the 13s. 4d. from every craftsman admitted in right of apprenticeship, and the half of every fine imposed by the craft, would be either difficult to collect or fluctuating in amount, and therefore regular payments from each craft, instead of from each craftsman, were provided for under the agreement. These £20 payments continued to be made until 1677. From 1677 to 1729, the annual payment was £40 scots. In the latter year, there were only 6 poor men in the almshouse, although there were 13 craft contribu- tories to its maintenance — the bonnetmakers and the dyers being still outside the agreement. In 1729, however, 7 additional poor men were admitted to the hospital, or 13 in all, i.e., one from each contributing trade. The ,£40 annual payment continued to be made till the alms- house was shut up, in the year 1791, after being in use for about one hundred and eighty-six years. (3) Indiscriminate assistance to the general poor of the town and to (3) General strangers was, as has been mentioned, given by all the crafts in olden times. poc Various attempts were made by the Town Council in the seventeenth century to impose a tax or " stent " on the burgesses for the benefit of the poor of the town, but without much success. Occasionally a voluntary contribution was agreed to by the burgesses of both ranks. The kirk- sessions also did their best to solve the problem by means of the regular monthly collections taken at the kirk doors. It was not until the year 1696 that any systematic method of assisting the general poor of the town was considered by the hammermen. On 18th February of that year overtures were presented to the craft by the Town Council to the following effect : — (1) That each incorporation should maintain its own poor. (2) That if the allowance given be not sufficient to maintain the poor within doors, each incorporation should have liberty to "stent" their mem- bers to effect this object. 'So says the agreement (T. H. R., p. 555, line 20). The Letter of Guildry, section 41 (T. H. R., p. 547, line iS) hardly bears this interpretation. 92 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. (3) In order that no one may be burdened " with beggars on the streets and at the doors," four constables be appointed, at the expense of the Magistrates, the kirk-session, the trades, and the merchants respectively. It was proposed that, if these overtures were agreed to, the incorpora- tions would be " free of all further stent for the poor," except what they might stent themselves in. The hammermen, however, did not allow them- selves on this occasion to be forced under an obligation, or even to admit the principle of a craft being stented for the general poor of the city. They therefore resolved to maintain their own poor and no others, and to vote that " the deacon and masters take inspection of the cases of their respective poor and stent the respective members of their trade in what sums they think most rational." The town Public opinion, however, advanced during the next forty years and the 0S P l •< • principle of the liability of the privileged burgesses to assist the general poor was at last admitted, as a voluntary obligation, on 6th April, 1 73 1 , when, " having heard the proposals and the Act of the Town Council anent a Charity Workhouse," the craft agreed to pay £\.z sterling yearly, but for five years only ; and at the end of that time " they shall consider whether to add to or diminish that sum." This payment went on till 1740, and was renewed in that year. Three years later it was proposed by the Magis- trates and Council to erect the charity workhouse, then known as the " Town's Hospital," into a legal society (i.e., to make it a corporate body), and to oblige the several contributories to pay annually what they had for- merly given voluntarily. The craft was apparently against such an obliga- tion being imposed on it, but hesitated to oppose the proposal "out of the funds of the trade." On a vote being taken at a meeting on 26th December, 1743, a great number refused to vote — seventeen voted against the cost of opposition being defrayed from the funds, and only two voted for opposi- tion being conducted at the trade's expense. How the proposal fared does not appear from the records of the hammermen, but six years afterwards we find it minuted that the collector is to pay to the Trades House a "moiety" at the rate of £12 yearly "for the town of Glasgow's Hospital," and to pay the same so long as the rest of the trades pay the "moieties" payable by them. The rest of the trades, along with the hammermen, paid these "moieties" annually to the collector of the Trades House down to the year 1840, the collector of the House paying them over to the town, CRAFT DUTIES. 93 and making up the total of £103 6s. yd. by an additional payment of £16 13s. 5d., to ,£120 per annum. 1 In 1840, the Poor Law Act came into operation and voluntary con- Effect of the tributions by the crafts and the Trades House for the benefit of the general *• poor of the city were discontinued. 1 The payments were as follows : Hammermen, ... .£12 Coopers, ... £2 Tailors, ■ 14 Fleshers, ... 4 Cordiners, • 14 Masons, ... 2 15 7 Maltmen, • IS Gardeners, 1 10 Weavers, 12 Barbers, ... 3 Bakers, • 9 Dyers, 1 1 Skinners, Wrights, 3 10 Total,... /103 6 7 PAR T V. Finance. CHAPTER XII. The Funds. Money matters — The account-books — How money was dealt with : Sources of Income — Mortcloths — Investments — Ventures — Tobacco — The African trade — Land: Expenditure — Enrolled poor — Miscellaneous charity — The sick and destitute — Soldiers and sailors — Convoys — Burials. Money It is astonishing to find, from the earliest times for which there are any matters. records remaining, how fully and carefully the financial transactions of the craft were noted. The smallest item of income or expenditure was set forth in the collector's account-book, and each yearly account as so entered was read in the presence of the whole craft before the collector was discharged. The account- The account-books prior to 1691 are unfortunately amissing, but the Minute Book from 1616 to 1734 contains in each Minute narrating the hearing or auditing of the accounts a statement of the gross incomings and outgoings for the year. Thus, in 1616, the income was ,£51 6s. 8d. scots, the outlay £ji OS. 8d. scots, leaving a debit balance — an occurrence which was fairly common in the first two decades of the seventeenth century. Then there was periodically minuted a list of " bands," i.e., bonds for money " loaned out " by the craft. This was also read at meetings so that members might know where their common funds were invested. In 1629 the total amount of these " bands " was ^485 1 8s. scots. The balance in the collector's hands is also recorded, but very often this does not represent the difference between the charge and the discharge. Arrears are noted in the records by the phrase " together with ... of non-payments." THE FUNDS. 95 In 1650-1, the receipts are £261 15s. scots, and the payments .£239 13s. scots, while the "bands" have risen very considerably. Indeed, the story is one of continued financial progress unattended by any serious loss, a wonderful record when it is remembered that many of the invest- ments during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries consisted of these bonds, which were loans on personal obligation without further security for repayment than the signature of one or two cautioners. The accounts in the book beginning 1691 and ending 1766, are in somewhat modern form except that summations are not carried forward, but the sum of each page is placed in an abstract at the end, where the balance is struck. The accounts are beautifully written and contain a mass of interesting detail. After the year 1742-3 the money is stated in sterling figures. Examples of the accounts and extracts, important or peculiar, are given in the Appendix. Money, as received, was kept by the collector until he had as much in How money hand as made it necessary for safety that it should be placed in the box. *f t s h ' For this purpose the assistance of the key masters was required, and once in the box the money could not be taken out again without their know- ledge and co-operation. There were no banks in Glasgow until 1750. Nothing, therefore, passed between the collector and his debtors and re- cipients except coin of the realm. When the debtor could not pay his annual rent or entry or booking money, a note of hand was taken and placed in the box, but cheques and notes as now in use were unknown. Down to 1766 there is no trace of any banking transactions. The col- lectors were much troubled with counterfeit coin, clipped money, and light gold, but for losses thus incurred the craft always generously gave them credit. The annual income of the craft was made up from the interest on Sources of personal bonds, more rarely on heritable bonds, the annual rents of small houses, pieces of land, feu-duties and ground annuals, entry money, booking money of servants and apprentices, quarter accounts from the freemen, and from the Gorbals craftsmen, weekly journeymen's dues, strangers' quarter accounts (or broad pennies), fines, returns from the hiring of the mortcloths, 1 and money obtained from the sale of confiscated iron work. 'The mortcloths supplied constant revenue for many years. These cloths were hired out Mortcloths. as often as sixty times in the course of one year, and at times by persons in such places as Kilbride, Eaglesham, Monkland, Airdrie, Bothwell, Neilston, and Dunlop, as well as by persons in Glasgow. All over Scotland, incorporated trades, singly or in partnership, carried on the business of hiring out mortcloths or funeral palls. In doing so, they infringed no privileged trade, as there never were any incorporations of undertakers, and therefore the only body which could 96 THE HAMMKRMEN OF GLASGOW. Investments. The investments of the craft differed greatly from the favoured Trust investments of the present day. Outside the personal bonds which have already been referred to, there were loans made and moneys outstanding without any written personal obligations to pay. Money was being lent to have objected to this early form of corporate trading was the Town Council. The Town Council of Glasgow, however, never objected to the incorporations so increasing their revenue for the use of their poor. The hammermen carried on a profitable business of this kind for many years. It does not appear that they ever entered into any contract of copartnery with another trade in connection with this business, although there were several such copartneries in Glasgow. ' Mortcloths were probably being hired out by the hammermen craft as early as 1616, when the extant Minutes begin, but the first reference to them is in the year 1637, in an Act of 13th October, which provides that the charge to persons " without the calling" for the use of the mortcloths, shall be for the " Meikill " mortcloth, 24s., and for the " Lytill " mortcloth, 12s. "And in cais ye Collector lend yem furthe chaipper to pay ye full pryce himselff, this onlie wtin ye burt." The initial cost of these mortcloths was intended to be met out of the mortcloth money levied from each new member, but this part of the entry money was not specially set aside for that purpose. The system of keeping the collector's accounts was not then such that he could tell what sum was at the credit of the mortcloth account. The cost of new mortcloths was simply taken from the readiest money available, all sums uninvested being mingled together in the craft box. In 1690 there were 3 mortcloths, the charges for hire being — for the best cloth, 18s. ; for the second cloth, 14s. ; and for the bairns' cloth, 10s. scots money. New mortcloths were piuvhased with care and discretion. In November, 1694, it was resolved "yt ane new mortcloth be bought, and for yt etfect appoynts George Robieson, Stephen Craufurd and Wm. Waterstoune and ane taylor to view the velvett and to buy the same at as reasonable a rate as they can." It seems, however, that four years elapsed before this resolution was carried into effect, for on 15th February, 1698, the craft "revised ane former act of the dait the twentie twa day of Nover 1694," and "now taking to ther considerations that ther mortcloathes are neer worne out" they resolved not only "to buy the forsd mortcloath conteined in the act of the trade 22 Nor 1694, but also two other mortclaiths, viz., ane youths and ane bairns cloath." They appointed a committee to buy these and ordained the collector to pay for them. On another occasion, in 1710, four brethren were chosen to buy " ane plosh mortcloath." When mortcloths were renewed from time to time, the charges for hire were revised thus : — " The eight day of Septer, 16S8. "... Each freeman to pay eightein shilling scotts for the vse of the new long mortcloath." Again, in 1698, the hiring prices were fixed " to ilk ane of the trade who hes vse for the same," as follows :— for the new best mortcloth, ,£3 scots ; for the second best, 40s. ; for the youth's new cloath, 28s. ; and the collector was to be answerable for these charges. As the cloths became worn, the charges were made less. In 1721, e.g., the prices were revised, the charge for the best cloth to be 30s., and for the child's best cloth 12s., " bot prejudice to take more for them from any freeman who pleases to give more." ■ See M 'Ewan's Old Glasgow Weavers, p. 124. Taylor's Extracts from Records of the Incorporation 0/ Tailors, p. 55. Reid's Incorporation of Wrights in Glasgtnv, p. »o. THE FUNDS. 97 the town of Glasgow by the craft as early as 1700, but it appears that some form of security was given. The grantors of personal bonds in favour of the craft belonged to all classes, merchants, craftsmen, professional men, land owners, and titled gentry. Amongst the names of borrowers we find The Ladie Killemthe, Finlay of Robreston, Hamilton of Milton and of Silverton Hill, Stirling of Ballagane, the Laird of Hags, the Laird of Glorat, the Laird of Gartshore, and the Laird of Craigends. Speculation was not considered outwith the ordinary functions of the Ventures, craft. In 1693, a purchase was made of part of a venture cargo of tobacco for .£848 17s. scots, ,£800 being borrowed from "Jon Goveane" to help to pay the price ; and in November of the same year, the tobacco was sold to William Buchanan, merchant, for ,£914 17s., upon half-year's trust, for lobacco - which Buchanan granted his bond. Again, in 1696, the trade agreed to subscribe £100 sterling in pro- The African secution of the African trade, and empowered the deacon to subscribe the African Company's book for that sum, which was to be paid by instalments. This venture was not so successful as the former. It appears that in 1707, although the craft had at that time advanced £go is. 6d. of the subscription to the company "for carrying on trade to Africa and the Indies," they instructed the deacon and collector, on receiving £42 sterling ready money, to assign their holding, " together with the annual rents thereof," if they could find any person who would transact. No buyer was found, the money was lost, and the hammermen embarked no more on commercial undertakings. 1 The transactions of the craft in the purchase of land were all success- Land, ful. First, in 1650, came the purchase, along with the Convener's House and ten of the other crafts, of a share of Gorbals. The hammermen took an interest in this to the extent of 2,000 merks, or £111 2s. 3d. sterling, the annual return from which now amounts to £321 us. iod., that is, nearly 300 per cent, per annum. Next they joined with the House and some of the other crafts in January, 1694, in the purchase of a "ruinous burnt land" in the Saltmarket and Gallowgate. Towards the purchase of this site and the re-building of a tenement on it, the hammermen resolved to contribute 2,000 merks ; and, until the sale of the tenement in the year 1755, they derived a good revenue from the building, which was known as the " Corner House." 2 1 The African Company here referred to was probably the Company so named formed in 1672 by Letters Patent, and remodelled in 1695. 'See Renwick's Glasgow Memorials, pp. 40-41. 7 98 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The estate of Calderside, in the parish of Blantyre, was bought in the year 1742 for "25 years' purchase free rent," subject to a feu-duty of £3 scots. For these lands, a bond of 6,413 merks is. 8 1., was granted in favour of John Hunter, merchant in Kilbride (the former proprietor), with an addi- tional five and a half guineas to his wife, " in compliment." Expenditure. The recorded items of expenditure throw much light on the customs of the trades as well as on the breadth and scope of their outlays. Enrolled The principles on which giants were made to the poor of the craft have already been touched upon. The enrolled poor were paid quarterly, at Candlemas, Beltane, Lammas, and Hallowmas, at the meetings or courts held at these terms. In 1691, about £250 scots was thus expended. That amount was not reached in such payments in the year 1732, but the miscel- laneous payments to the poor of the craft and others had in the meantime increased, were taking up a great part of the craft's ready money, and were being made at all times and in a great variety of circumstances. Miscellaneous The poor in the almshouse, whether hammermen or not, received small an y " payments from the deacon at craft meetings and on other special occasions. It was not only in money or for maintenance that the craft poor were assisted. Women received money for "housmaill" and for various forms of " needcessity." Others besides the officer received gifts of clothing, such as "cloathsand furniture," hats, shoes, wigs, " wylie " coats, and "big" coats. Dull trade required the craft to make grants to members, e.g., to " mend bellows," and for other " needful uses." Frequent fires necessitated contri- butions towards the re-building of craftsmen's houses. Indeed, the causes of craft charity to the freemen and their dependents and to strangers were endless in their variety. The sick and Sickness, which deprived the craftsman of his means of livelihood for destitute a time, and death, which brought poverty and destitution to the widow and orphan, were perhaps the most common grounds for the dispensation of craft benevolence. Blind men, lame men, and poor men, students and "collegians," poor women and children, "distressed" smiths and hammermen from all quarters of the country, were assisted. Broken legs were "mended," surgical operations carried out, "great" and "sore" distress relieved, relicts and orphans succoured — and all this at the cost of the craft. Troublesome gentlemen, poor gentlemen, dumb gentlemen, afflicted gentlewomen, persons " in tribulation," of every sort and condition, recommended by the provost or the dean of guild, or the deacon convener, or the presbytery, or the minister of a distant parish even, received their share. Shipwrecked men and women, "broken " merchants, victims seized by 'the dumb palsie" or THE FUNDS. 99 "struck blind by fire from Heaven," suffering from cancer or other fell disease, " on the point of death " or convalescent ; men wanting hands, feet, arms, or legs, or merely "distressed with gout" ; all came within the bounteous care and attention of the deacon, collector, and masters. As will be seen, the charity of the craft was almost international, although the doles were small. It extended to Highlanders and Low- landers, Irish and English strangers, and to "distressed" Frenchmen. In these stirring times between 1691 and 1766, the craftsmen interested Soldiers and themselves in lending aid to those who had fought for their country and become maimed or incapacitated. "Old and distressed" soldiers and sailors, men cast away at sea, combatants discharged from the King's service, men who had been "taken by the Turks" or who had been "under slavery with the Turks," were recipients of craft money. " Paid the porters for attending the masters in gathering shoes to the Highlandmen" is an echo of the '45. The terrible words "taken by the Turks," "under slavery with the Turks," or " robbed by the Frenchers," were enough to open the coffers of the trade to casual wanderers, camp followers, or even filles de regiment. The cost of convoys in and out of town with the Lords of Session Convoys, and the nobility formed another common item of expenditure. These distinguished personages were convoyed by burgesses of both ranks on horseback. The craft hired horses for their representatives, and the frequent entry of "horse hires" at meeting Lords of Circuit coming from Edinburgh and in convoying such distinguished people as the Duke and Duchess of Montrose, the Duke of Argyll, the Duke of Hamilton, the Earl of Dun- donald, and the General Cadogan (the latter during the rebellion of 1715), provide examples of what was a custom in burghs up till the middle of the eighteenth century. But horse hires were often incurred for more melancholy, if none the Burials, less formal and obsequious, occasions. Convoys were provided to pay the last mark of respect to the dead of all ranks. The burials of "the Lord Boyd," " the Ladie Mayne," and " the Lord Kilmarnock," were thus attended by delegates from the craft in 1691-2, and in later years the same mark of respect was paid to the memory of the Earl of Eglinton, 1 the Duke of Argyll, 2 and many others of note. The funerals of craftsmen were chiefly attended on foot, and where a craftsman, or his widow, or son, or daughter, died in poverty, the expenses were defrayed out of the common purse. 1 Accounts, 1702-3. 2 Accounts, 1703-4. ioo THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. From the specimen accounts and extracts in the Appendix, one may draw together other interesting heads of revenue and expenditure ; and as the entries are unabbreviated, facts regarding language, grammar, spelling, and the manners and customs, as well as the accounting of these past times, may be culled according to the bent of the reader. PART VI. The Craft in Relation to the Guildry, the Trades House, and the Town Council. CHAPTER XIII. The Craft in Relation to the Guildry, the Guild Brethren, and the Deacon Convener's Council or Trades House. The different aspects of the Guildry : Its origin— Merchants and crafts resort to arbitration- Commissioners and oversmen appointed — General result of the arbitration — Distinction between the Guildry and the Merchants and Trades Houses : Unique character of the Glasgow Guildry— Scheme of the Letter of Guildry— Dean of Guild and his council— The guild brethren — Three castes of inhabitants distinguished— Regulations for the merchant and the craft guild brethren— The simple burgess, of lower rank— But pays tribute to the Guildry — Property qualification for burgesses and for guild brethren — Merchants and craftsmen included but distinguished in the Guildry : Distribution of the Guildry fines— Their application : The triple organisation created by the Letter of Guildry — Dean of Guild Court — Merchants House and its directors — The Deacon Convener's Council or Trades House — Absence of popular election unless in the crafts— Method of electing dean of guild, deacon convener, and lyners— The Burgh Reform Act intro- duces free election : Functions of the Convener's Council— Part of these subject to Town Council control : Original composition of Convener's Council — Precedence of the hammer- men—Effect of Decree of Declarator— Constitution fixed— Burgh Reform Act— Popular election introduced : Evolution of the name "Trades House." WITHOUT attempting to examine the exact causes and character of the The different disputes between the merchants and craftsmen, which brought the Guildry "heGuildry. of Glasgow into existence (subjects which have never been satisfactorily treated), we can show how the Guildry came into being, the relations in which the merchant and craft burgesses stood towards it, the relation the Crafts bore to the Dean of Guild's Council, and to the Deacon Convener's Council, and the distinction between these two representative bodies and the Dean of Guild's Merchant Council. When these points are understood, the position the crafts held in the new federal organisation of 1605 will stand out with greater clearness, and we may then proceed to 102 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Its origin. Merchants and crafts resort to arbitration. Commis- sioners and oversraen appointed. General result of the arbitration. Distinction between the Guildry and the Merchants and Trades Houses. consider the constitution, functions, and work of the Convener's Council, the representative body of craftsmen which managed the affairs of the guild brethren of the craft rank. Because of many disputes between the merchants and craftsmen of the city (disputes which we can trace through the Burgh Records arid the Records of the Convention of Royal Burghs, so far back as 1 582 1 ), it was resolved by both ranks to refer their differences to arbitration. On 8th November, 1604, twelve commissioners were appointed by each rank, to consult, reason, and conclude upon their respective differences. The twenty-four commissioners, on 10th November, signed a submis- sion, and appointed four oversmen to act in the event of the commissioners differing in opinion. It does not seem that the commissioners met with any serious difficulty, for the award or decree arbitral (commonly called the Letter of Guildry), issued on 6th February, 1605, is signed by every one of the commissioners, as well as by three of the oversmen, the only signature awanting being that of Master Robert Scott. The commissioners and oversmen came to the conclusion that there should, in future, be in Glasgow a dean of guild, a deacon convener, and a visitor of the maltmen, and having declared this, they proceeded to detail, in a long series of articles, "the election, statutes, and privileges" of these new officials and their constituents, besides a great many other neces- sary regulations for the new state of affairs. The Letter of Guildry, while it creates a Guildry in Glasgow, does not create a Merchant Guild. It does not, at least by that name, create a convenery or combined guild of trades, nor does it create by any words of incorporation, an Incorporation of Maltmen. Indeed, at that time, words of incorporation are never found in charters of erection. But in granting privileges and providing regulations for management of a Convenery or Guild, legal sanction or recognition was thus given by the Town Councils to the permanent existence of an already associated body. The regulations of which these charters consisted provided in a rough way a kind of written constitution, which lasted until the creating authority or the Crown or Parliament altered it. A charter gave permanency and continuity to an association or combina- tion whose existence was, until then, unrecognised by the law and uncertain as to the day when it might be threatened with disintegration and dissolution. The merchants of Glasgow must have had some form of association prior 1 G. B. R., 3rd July, 15S2 ; Records of Convention 0/ Royal Burghs, 1595-6-7 and -8. GUILDRY, GUILD BRETHREN, AND TRADES HOUSE. 103 to 1605. The deacons had often before that year met in council together, and communed on matters of common interest. The Letter of Guildry, therefore, besides creating a Guildry for the first time, gave burghal sanction and security to a combination amongst the merchants, from which arose the Merchants House, and to a federation of the trades, from which arose the Trades House. These bodies, while component parts of the Guildry, were yet separate and distinct from it. The Guildry of Glasgow is unique in its character and composition. Unique In the Scotch Royal Burgh, we find the Merchant Guild, exclusive of ^^ ter craftsmen, presided over by a dean of guild. We find the crafts each Glaseow . . . . . . . » . . . . Guildry. with a separate constitution, or at least a separate existence, federated in an informal way, usually without legal sanction, into a convenery of trades managed by a council composed of the deacon of each trade, with several " assistants," under the presidency of a deacon convener. Generally speaking, the merchant was of the Guild, while the craftsman was not. The craftsman belonged to one craft only, and his craft was represented in the Deacon Convener's Council, by the deacon and his " assistants." But Glasgow was not a royal burgh till long after the Guildry had been established there. Between the years 1516 and 1605, the crafts had all obtained Charters or Seals of Cause, while the merchants, as a class, until 1605, had obtained no legal recognition whatever. They were, no doubt, associated in a voluntary way, but all their endeavours to gain legal recognition from the Town Council, even on the suggestion of the Conven- tion of Burghs, 1 failed in the face of strong opposition from the crafts up till the time when arbitration was resorted to, in November, 1604. On a first perusal of the Letter of Guildry, it strikes the reader that Scheme of the document is without order and without method, but on a careful study fG 1 1 - of its contents, one finds that it is, on the contrary, really systematic, and that it meets many possible contingencies. First it deals with the dean of guild, his election, his council or court Dean of (of merchants and craftsmen), his powers and duties, and the duties of that Sjlncil ' S council. This takes up the first thirteen sections. Next it is shown how persons may become guild brethren or acquire The guild guild rights, and that in the following order :— brethren. (1) The burgesses of the time ; (2) Sons of guild brethren ; (3) Husbands of daughters of guild brethren ; (4) Sons and sons-in-law of burgesses then deceased ; 'See Records of the Convention of Royal Burghs, June-July, 1595. 104 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Three castes of inhabitants distinguished Regulations for the merchants and for the craft guild brethren and for the maltmen. The simple burgess of lower rank. (5) Widows of burgesses then deceased ; (6) Apprentices of guild brethren ; and lastly, (7) Stranger burgesses and burgesses gratis} This takes us to the twenty-first section. Burgess merchants and craftsmen were encouraged to become guild brethren immediately. Those who did not enter as guild brethren by the 1st of May, 1605, could not enter thereafter except on the same footing as strangers. A concession, however, was granted in favour of burgesses who were absent from the country. They could enter as privileged persons within fifteen days after their return. Then after providing for the distribution of the entry money of the guild brethren, the document lays down, and distinguishes between, the rights of (1) Burgess Guild Brethren; (2) Simple Burgesses; and (3) Creamers or Huxters, who were presumably neither burgesses nor guild brethren. Having thus created or at least emphasized the existence of three distinct castes in the burgh, procedure was provided for maintaining the distinction by the enactment of a property qualification for burgesses of merchant or craft rank, and for their admission as burgesses only after the test had been applied. Power was given to the dean of guild and his court to fine persons attempting to trespass on the privileges of the two higher castes. Sections 33 to 39 provide machinery for the management of the affairs of the merchant guild brethren, and conclude with the appointment of the first dean of guild. Sections 40 to 43 effect the same objects for the craft guild brethren, and name the first deacon convener. Sections 44 to 54 provide regulations for the maltmen, and here the constitutional clauses of the famous document end. The burgess of 1605 who did not enrol as a guild brother, remained a simple burgess. He took lower rank and had fewer trading privileges. He was, indeed, a merchant or a craftsman in name only, and was restricted to dealing in such small things as were "not agreeable to the honour of the calling of a guild brother." 2 He could not deal in important wares such as silk, spices, drugs, confections, certain foreign goods, iron, wine, etc., ■The conditions relating to classes (1), (4), and (5) were obviously temporary. The classes (2), (3), (6), and (7), viz., sons, sons-in-law, and apprentices of guild brethren and strangers form the four classes of entrants existing at the present day. * L. of G., section 23; T. II. Ii., p. 542. GUILDRY, GUILD BRETHREN, AND TRADES HOUSE. 105 nor could he deal in large quantities. 1 He was allowed, by way of some recompense, to "cream" upon the High Street and hawk his goods all through the town, a method of carrying on business which was prohibited to the guild brother. Being outside of the guild, he was also, we may be sure, kept outside of the Town Council. If he were by any chance a member of a craft organisation, he could not aspire to office in it, and could never represent his craft in the deacon convener's council. 3 He was thus possessed only of certain trivial trading rights which were beneath the notice of the merchant or craft guild brother. But a person entering as simple burgess after 1605, while shorn of Pays tribute superior privileges, had to pay tribute to the Guildry. If he were a Guildry. merchant, he paid five merks to the Merchant Hospital on entry ; if a craftsman, he paid the same amount to the Crafts Hospital. 3 One would imagine that this was enough to incline all simple burgesses Separate sooner or later to come within the guild, but many of necessity remained qualification outside the honoured circle because of their limited means, for there was «>r burgesses , r , . . ... ,.- . e ,, and for guild required even of the aspiring simple burgess a property qualification, of the brethren. existence of which the dean of guild and the deacon convener were the respective judges. A merchant applicant required to be worth .£100 scots of free gear, to be booked in the dean of guild's books and to receive a testimonial to that effect from the dean ; and the craftsman required to be worth .£20 scots of free gear, to be booked in the deacon convener's books, and to receive the deacon convener's testimonial. Only with such a testi- monial would the provost, bailies, and council admit the applicant as burgess. And then there was a further property qualification to be possessed before the simple burgess could become guild brother, which was for merchants 500 merks and for craftsmen 250 merks of land heritage and moveable gear. 4 It is clear that burgesses of both merchant and craft rank were to be Merchants included in the Guildry. Once entered as guild brethren, they became j 1 ,!",, 'included associated with one of the two great sections, and these sections never in theGuildry came together for any purpose, except through their representatives in the Dean of Guild Council or Court. This Council or Court consisted of nine guild brethren, the dean of guild himself, four merchants, and four craftsmen. 1 L. of G., section 24 ; T. H. B., p. 543. s T. II. B., p. 2, 2Sth May, 1605 ; and see also p. 569 voce guild brethren. 3 L. of G., section 29 ; T. H. B., p. 544. * After 7th October, 1609, admission was given by the dean of guild and his council on the ordinary court day. O. B. B., eo die. L. of G., section 15. T. II. B., p. 540. io6 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Distribution of the guildry fees. Their application. The triple organisation ereated by the Letter of Guildry. Dean of Guild Court. The Merchants House and its directors. The Trades House or Deacon Convener's Council. The entry money or guildry fine payable by the guild brethren was directed into two channels. That of merchant guild brethren was to be applied to the weal of the Merchant Hospital, to their decayed brethren, and to other "good and Godly work " ; that of craft guild brethren was to be applied to the Crafts Hospital, to the decayed brethren of the craftsmen, and to other "good and Godly work." 1 The application of these funds was left to the discretion, on the one hand, of the dean of guild, with the advice of his merchant council and others of the merchant rank chosen by himself ; and, on the other hand, to the deacon convener, with the advice of the rest of the deacons and their assistants. 2 We can now see the triple organisation which was created out of the united guild brethren — (i) The dean of guild and his council of eight — four from each rank — forming what is now known as the Dean of Guild Court. (2) The dean of guild, with his merchant council and such other merchants as he himself chose, managing the Merchant Hospital and the funds accumulated from the Guildry fines of merchant guild brethren, and from other sources. (3) The deacon convener, with the deacons of crafts and their assistants, managing the Trades Hospital and the funds accumulated from the Guildry fines of craft guild brethren, and from other sources. The first body has come down without change to the present day, and is still the Dean of Guild Court of Glasgow. We recognise the second body as the directors of the " Merchants House," and the third as the "Trades House," the Merchants House being the whole of the merchant guild brethren, and the Trades House the representatives of the whole federated rank of guild brethren belonging to the incorporated trades. 3 Be it noted, however, that 1 L. of G., section 22 ; T. H. R., p. 542, line 18. 3 L. of G., section 22 ; T. 11. R., p. 542. 3 The titles "Merchants House," and "Trades House," were evolved gradually. The merchants met together as a " Rank " as late as 1705. The term " House " does not seem to have been used of them as a whole before 12th November, 1705. See Hill, Merchants House, pp. 150-151. On the other hand, the craftsmen never met together as a rank. Each craft was a separate organisation, with self-government. The affairs of the guild brethren of craft rank were from the first managed by the representatives of each craft on the Deacon Convener's Council .'or Trades House. GUILDRY, GUILD BRETHREN, AND TRADES HOUSE. 107 the terms " Merchants House," and " Trades House," were evolved much later. 1 Above all these three representative bodies, was another representa- tive body, the " Town's Great Council " (the provost, magistrates, dean of guild, deacon convener, and the merchant and trade councillors), the administrators of the community of Glasgow. The first point to observe is the entire absence of direct popular Absence of election unless in one respect, viz., that the thirteen crafts could freely elect eK'jon their own deacons, and at least a portion of the masters of their craft. 2 unless in the crafts. Having done that, the rank and file had no further share in the administra- tion of the town, or the Guildry or the Trades House. In this respect the crafts were more favoured than the merchants, for, Method of while the dean of guild was always of merchant rank, he was not chosen £/ ' ''$ ea " by the general body of the merchants. He was chosen by the provost, deacon bailies, council, and deacons (an equal number of merchants and crafts- an ,i i vne rs. men being present at his election), out of a leet of three, consisting of the old dean and other two merchants chosen by him with the advice of twenty-four merchants selected by him for this purpose. 3 The lyners of the Dean of Guild's Council were chosen in a similarly complicated way. The dean of guild and twenty-four merchants named by him chose the four merchant lyners.* The deacon convener and the popularly elected deacons and their assistants — i.e., the Deacon Convener's Council — chose the four craft lyners. 5 While the deacons — always excluding the visitor of the maltmen — were popularly elected, the deacon convener was not. He was always a craft guild brother, and like the dean of guild, he was chosen by the Town Council from a leet of three, consisting of the old deacon convener and two other craftsmen selected by the deacons and their assistants in the convener's council. There also required to be an equal number of craftsmen and merchants present at his election, and all the deacons and their assistants were entitled to take part in it. 6 This method of election continued till 1833, when the Burgh Reform The Burgh Act permitted the free election of the dean of guild, the deacon convener, ^reduces and the visitor of the maltmen, in such manner as the respective houses free election, and that craft might determine. 7 The Letter of Guildry contained no provision for the dean of guild Functions with his Merchant Council meeting together for any purpose other than £eac <* i 'J ( JWWf^S L ^S= *$* t> ->Vf^ A r ** '.. 53 a 5e ■«{ VW— • * * - ■Si a ■5 x k THE CRAFT AND THE TRADES HOUSE. 125 leadership of John Burnes, deacon, to reproach Alexander Jafray, late deacon, and Barclay in a " very shameful manner," charge them with the theft of some silk they had purchased, by instruction of the craft with craft money, to be used for the repair of the mort-cloths, and "upbraid them as common thieves," thus bringing "shame, disgrace, and contempt upon them and making them odious and detestable in the society of all good Christians." On 6th September, 1658, late Deacon Jafray, and his friend, Barclay, on appeal, obtained judgment against Deacon Burnes and several others of their brethren for defamation. Four of the defenders were found guilty, and " Ilk ane of them ar heirby declared as wncapable to bear ony office in ther calling or in the deaconveiners hous heireftir wntill they give satisfactioun for ther offence to the hous and pairteis grieved and remittes ther farder punishment to the ordinarie judges and q l satis- factioune they sail give to the p'ies wronged for the sds wronges." 1 During the following week, 2 the same delinquents were brought before the convener's council for trial and further punishment, and compelled to give a solemn promise to behave better in future, and to give ample satisfaction for any wrong done by them. Three years of comparative quiet ensued after this incident, when the pendulum took another swing, and on 22nd January, 1661, a complaint was again made by Jafray for having been " classed " by the deacon and masters without just cause. The hammermen were ordained to produce their sederunt book and have the "act set doune in the late usurper's time" delete and scored out. Naturally, this created no little resentment and some considerable opposition. Delay was thought to be the most diplo- matic course. On 6th August, 1661, however, the deacon convener and his council ordained "The deacon of the hammermen to convein his key m's and to bring their craftis box w l them y' ye same may be opened that the act set doune in their book ag l Alex r Jafray may be deleit and scored out conforme to the former ordo r ." There is no doubt that the order was complied with most effectively. Deleting and scoring out was not looked upon as the safest remedy. The page of the Minute Book shows the part completely cut out at the command of the trades bailie, deacon convener, and deacons, and the fact certified by a notary. 3 « T. H. R., p. 354. *T.H.B.,p.3SS- 3 T.H.R., pp. 369 and 372, and Hammermen Minutes, 14th October, 1659. See the somewhat similar case of David Biskett, a Glasgow tailor. Taylor's Excerpts from the 126 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. A clique of After the Restoration, the factions died down, and we can trace no 17S3 more serious dissension in the craft until June, 1783. 1 During that month a complaint to the convener's council against the craft was made by Robert Buchanan and several others for being debarred from certain of their privileges. In ordinary course "answers" were ordered by the House, and a committee of the craft prepared them, had them approved, and lodged early in August. On 7th August 5 the complaint was heard, and the act of the hammermen was rescinded, the complaining craftsmen being restored to full privileges. One of the craft representatives in the council protested, and intimated an appeal to the Town Council, but apparently the appeal was not taken, for the very next day the masters met to consider the situation, and dealt with the matter in another way. Too easy access to their sederunt book had, it would appear, laid bare their scheming and caused the case to go against them, so they resolved that the sederunt book should in future lie with the clerk under lock and key, but should be patent when required to all members. No members, however, were to have the right to take copies or extracts. Deacon Craig refused to subscribe this resolution, whereupon a majority of the masters, nine in number, subscribed the minute themselves in his presence. On another appeal, this time by Deacon Craig alone, the convener's council, on 21st August, 1783, gave sentence ordering the nine rebellious masters to restore the sederunt book to its proper custodian, the deacon. Intimidation There is again some indication of revolt against authority, and a grave 1788^89 departure from constitutional methods, in the year of the French Revolution. The deacon of 1788- 1789 had complained direct to the deacon convener and council of the insolence towards him of James Lang, a late deacon of the craft. This procedure, however, was somewhat irregular, and Deacon Mirrlees was asked to direct the complaint, with Lang's defences, to his own trade. 3 But this was not altogether an agreeable course for Deacon Mirrlees. Indignant protests had been made at the Michaelmas meetings of 1788 4 regarding the high-handed manner in which he had obtained a majority to elect him to the chair. " He, or others for him, by various means had detained, confined, or otherwise carried off John Gardner and Records of the Incorporation of Tailors, p. 28. Dr. Taylor states that the name of the offender has been carefully obliterated. But his name was David Biskett, and it was erased from the tailors' books by order of the deacon convener and council, of date 22nd February, 171 7, on Biskett appealing to them for restoration of privileges after they themselves had " classed " him at the request of Deacon Cornelius Luke of the tailors, on 29th May, 1716. 1 Hammermen Minutes, 23rd June and Sth August, 1783. 2 T. H. R. (MS.), eo die and 21st August, 1783. 3 T. H. R. (MS.), jnd April, 1789. 4 Hammermen Minutes, 19th and 26th September, 1788. THE CRAFT AND THE TRADES HOUSE. 127 others, all freemen of the trade, by which the freedom of the election of deacon was frustrated and prevented." Moreover, '' that fact being fully discovered, it turns out not only that the members so carried off were taken away against their own will, but also very much bruised and maimed in their persons to the effusion of their blood, for all which the said William Mirrlces and sundry other members are bound over to stand trial for the said crimes, and as freedom of election is one of the first principles of the British Constitution, and one of the principal objects of the intended Bill of Reform now before Parliament, it is evident that no election of a public office bearer can be sustained where the freedom of such election is destroyed." Little wonder that it was the first week in April, 1789, before the masters tried Lang for calling Mirrlees " a liar." After a patient hearing, they put the question simply, " Is Lang guilty or not guilty?" The vote was five to five — a peculiar impasse on a simple question of fact. Deacon Mirrlees being deprived of his casting vote in a matter which concerned himself, protested, and intimated an appeal to the convener's council. We hear no more of the case, but in little more than a year late Deacon Mirrlees found himself in a minority in the master court and in the craft, and we read of him protesting to the convener's council, in September, 1790, 1 against the majority of the craft for having, on a false charge of being in debt to the trade, deprived him of his vote. On 8th September it was decreed that Mirrlees should be placed once more on the qualified roll, and that the objectionable minute disqualifying him should be expunged from the craft records. Mirrlees was accordingly placed on the roll on 16th September, 2 but again he protested that the minute had not been expunged, and threatened to make another appeal. Before the month was out, Deacon Mirrlees had the satisfaction of seeing the entry rescinded in obedience to the decree. Such party warfare and petty differences have long since ceased. Base carriage and lewd speeches are unknown, and courteous opposition and parliamentary language are the rule. Members are no longer forcibly carried off and hidden before the deacon's choosing day. An unsuccessful opponent is the very first to admit that reasonable criticism and unselfish efforts in the interests of the craft are the best means of attaining that personal popularity which places a master in the deacon's chair. The relations of the hammermen and the other crafts with the General convener's council in general affairs cover a large field. Most points of theVr'aftsT' 1 T. H. E. (MS.), 8th September, 1790. 2 Hammermen Minutes, eo die, and 24th September, 1790. 128 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. connection have already been alluded to ; for instance, the booking of apprentices in the convener's books for their Guildry; 1 the lodging of armour by each new deacon in the almshouse; 2 the contributions made by the crafts to various schemes initiated or commended by the convener's council, such as the erection and repair of the crafts hospital, 3 the main- tenance of the poor men resident there, 4 the expense of the annual riding to Parliament, 5 contributions to the kirk sessions for the town's poor, 6 to the ministers of the burgh, towards the cost of new buildings at the College and in connection with the trades school. 7 Perhaps most note- worthy of all are the many joint contributions towards national funds being raised during times of war, or disaster, or during local or national commercial depression. 8 Pensions to With the sale of the almshouse in 1790, the agreement between the brethren crafts for its foundation and its administration by the convener's council became void. By this time, however, there had arisen the practice of granting pensions to decayed guild brethren of the crafts who could not be accommodated in the old building. The free revenue of which the con- vener's council now became possessed, was not for many years made use of 1 T. II. E., 563, supra, p. 24. 2 T. II. R., 565, supra, p. 39. 3 T. II. E., p. 569. 4 T. II. II., 569, supra, p. 90. 5 T. II. E., p. 570. B T. //. E., p. 570, supra, p. 91. 7 T. II. R., 572, and Crawfurd's Sketch, chap. 1., p. 231. 8 Crawfurd's Sketch, chap. li. Here we have an example of how the hammermen, in combination with the other crafts and the House, supported the city and the country in the nation's endeavour to frustrate the threatened Napoleonic invasion : — 20 January iSo.j. "The Meeting having deliberated upon this business and Con- sidering that the Incorporation formerly unanimously voted for the Battalion being offered to Government and that there is the strongest reason to believe that an Invasion of this Country will very soon be attempted by our Enemies, the Meeting unanimously agrees to vote ,£100 sterling from the funds of the Incorporation for the purpose of the Trades Battalion, and in order that the Poors fund may not suffer by the Contribution, they unanimously agree & resolve to raise the Quarter A/cs of 2/- to 3/- yearly to be continued & paid by the freemen of the trade until the above sum of ^100 & interest thereon be reimbursed, And they appoint this resolution to be laid before the Trades House and Magistrates of Glasgow for their sanction and approbation. "Extracted from the Records of the Incorporation of Hammermen upon this and the preceding page. 4l(Sgd) Will. Liwmay, Clerk." so July, 1804. " On considering which the Magistrates & Council approve of the same interpose their authority thereto & empower the Corporation of Hammermen to uplift and receive the addition to their Quarter A/cs mentioned in the said Act and for the period therein specified. "(Sgd.) Laurence Chaigie, Lord Provost." For the trades battalion of volunteers, see Crawfurd, pp. 103 and 247. The flags of the battalion are still in possession of the House. THE CRAFT AND THE TRADES HOUSE. 129 to increase either the number or the amount of these pensions. But the council began to enlarge and extend its grants to "other good and godly Good and work, tending to the advancement of the commonweal of the burgh," by g0 y v contributing to the numerous public benevolent and praiseworthy schemes which were promoted in Glasgow as the town grew and prospered. Large sums were voted, as has been narrated above, to assist in raising military battalions to prosecute the American War and the war with France ; also, to promote the Sabbath School movement, to establish the infirmaries, asylums, and hospitals ; to assist the University, Anderson's College, and other educational institutions ; for the promotion of railways and canals, and, on many occasions, towards the relief of the unemployed. In the meantime, the council obtained the right to elect Governors to Connection a small number of public institutions of the city ; doubtless, in recognition roOTement's of its share in their establishment and progress. and After the Act of 1846 had abolished the exclusive privileges and " , ' ^ *\ P Effect of the disabled the conveners council from exercising its ancient function as a Act of 1846. convenient court of arbitration in craft disputes, its fitness for acting as an electoral college by selecting directors for public institutions became more and more recognised. A new form of public life was thus given to the convener's council, and as the years went on, privileges of this kind were often conferred upon it as new institutions arose. Now it nominates or conve ner's supplies representative Governors to more than thirty of the public institu- j-'ouncil becomes an tions of Glasgow. 1 Many hammermen have been chosen, and have done electoral splendid work on these Boards. college. Before we leave this branch of our enquiry, one specific instance may be given bearing more directly on the hammerman craft. In 1 87 1, there was founded under the trust settlement of Mrs. Jean The Logan Johnston or Logan, who died in 1864, a charitable establishment to be and Johnston called " The Logan and Johnston School for the education, upbringing, 1 There are at present (1910), The Dean of Guild Court ; The Clyde Trust ; Hutchesons' Hospital ; The Buchanan Trust ; Haldune's Trust ; Hutchesons' Educational Trust ; The Glasgow General Educational Endowments Board ; The Glasgow City Educational Endow- ments Board; The Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College; Anderson's College Medical School ; The Marshall Trust ; Baillie's Institution ; The Logan and Johnston School of Domestic Economy ; The Royal Infirmary ; The Western Infirmary ; The Victoria Infir- mary ; The Lunatic Asylum ; The Asylum for the Blind ; The Maternity Hospital ; The Lock Hospital ; The Convalescent Home ; The Glasgow Samaritau Hospital for Women ; St. Mungo's College; The Glasgow School of Art; The Glasgow Athenaeum; The Athenaeum Commercial College; The Glasgow Eye Infirmary; The Incorporated Glasgow Dental Hospital ; The Chamber of Commerce ; The Muirhead Trust ; The Home for the Relief of Incurables; M 'Alpine's Trust; The Adam Smith Chair of Political Economy; The National Security Savings Bank ; The Sailors' Home ; and The Court-House Commissioners. 9 130 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. and assisting in life of poor or destitute step-children or orphans." The deacon convener, the deacon of the hammermen, and two members next in seniority of the master court of the craft, were appointed to be trustees of the school. For twenty years the Governors struggled almost alone in the city to educate poor and destitute girls, step-children, or orphans of Scotch extraction. The Commissioners under the Educational Endowments (Scotland) Act of 1882, entirely remodelled the constitution of the trust, and brought to the scheme the support of the Scotch Education Department. The elementary education of girls was left to the Board Schools, but the need for disseminating the much neglected subject of domestic economy amongst the young women of Glasgow in a systematic way was recognised by the Commissioners. The school is now managed by a scheme which received the Royal Assent in 1890, and which maintains the connection between the school and the craft, as under it the Trades House is appointed to elect three Governors, two of whom must belong to the Incorporation of Hammermen. A hammerman is presently chairman of the Board, and the school, as " The Logan and Johnston School of Domestic Economy," is doing much useful educational work, not only for the poorer foundationers, who have free places and who board there, but also for many paying students drawn from all classes. Modem Looking back on a record of 305 years, we see that the functions and work of the Trades House are little changed. The deacon convener with the deacons and their assistants have no longer any knotty problems to decide for Glasgow craftsmen, but excepting this their sphere of labour remains very much the same, with the modern privilege added of sending out trusted and enthusiastic workers to assist in the administration of the great charitable and educational institutions of the city. The deacon con- vener while presiding over his own court of deacons still has his honoured place amongst the magistracy in the town's great council. The four craft lyners still sit by the dean of guild each " ordinary court day " to advise him as practical men on questions of " neighbourhood and lining." The accumulated funds of three centuries are distributed as of yore amongst the needy of the craft rank, and put to other "good and godly work" tending towards the common weal. Every entrant to a craft must still as a condition of admission produce his burgess ticket certifying that he has purchased his freedom and is a citizen of Glasgow. Now that we have examined the relations of the craft and the craftsmen with the Guildry and the Trades House, the question at once arises, "What were their relations with the burgh and the Town Council?" CHAPTER XV. Relations with the Burgh and the Town Council. Town Councils creators of subordinate corporations— Town Council control over them — Nature of control — (i) Survey of craft regulations— (2) Settlement of craft disputes on petition or appeal — A typical case of appeal— (3) Direct interference by the Town Council — A case of enforcing re-admission to the craft — Recommending or enforcing admis- sions — Right to enforce admission questioned by the surgeons — Taking legal pro- ceedings or making declarations against a craft — Issuing regulations as to work places, workmanship, burgess duties, and general behaviour — The building of "smiddies" — Dispute about a coppersmith's forge — Regulations as to pewter measures — Regulations as to cart treads — Order anent Sabbath observance : General relation between the Town Council and the crafts : Abuses of system of close corporations — Employment of coun- cillors by the Town Council. A SKETCH of the organisation of a craft would not be complete without a more detailed notice of the relations of the craft to the Town Council. To these relations only passing reference has hitherto been made. As the creator of subordinate trading incorporations in burghs, or as Town the superior of the few buredial incorporations created or confirmed by t.' ouncl ' s r ° r J creators ot royal authority, the Town Council exercised considerable control over the subordinate crafts. This control lasted until the passing of the Burgh Reform Act of cor P orations - 1833, 1 and after that in a gradually lessening degree, until the passing of the Act for the abolition of exclusive privileges in 1846. 'This Act (3 and 4 William IV., cap. 76, sect. 21) provided for the popular election of the Town Councillors by household ratepayers of each burgh. Glasgow Town Council was thus no longer composed of an equal number of merchant and craft burgesses. The Act also provided, however, that nothing contained therein should impair the right of any craft, trade, convenery, guildry, Merchants House, or Trades House, or other such corporation severally, to elect their own deacons or deacon convener, or dean of guild, or other lawful officers for the management of their affairs, but that, on the contrary, these bodies should be entitled to the free election, in such form as should be regulated by them, of their office-bearers, without any interference or control whatsoever on the part of the Town Council. This clause gave absolute power of election to the Merchants House to elect the dean of guild, to the Trades House to elect the deacon convener, and to the Incorporation of Maltmen to elect the visitor of the maltmen, these officers having been from 1605 to 1S33, chosen by the Town Council from leets presented to them by each of these three bodies. The clause did not affect the practice of electing deacons of the other Glasgow trades, as they had always been freely chosen by each of the crafts. 132 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Town Council control over them. Nature of control. (i) Survey of craft regulations. Control was often specially provided for in the Charters or Seals of Cause issued by the Town Councils, particularly with regard to the approval of byelaws and regulations, but even where provision had not been made, control was assumed by the Town Councils and recognised, although with some hesitation, by the crafts. In practice, the lordship of the Town Councils divided itself into three distinct branches : — (i) The survey and approval of bye-laws and regulations of the craft affecting not only censtitutional matters, but even mere internal administration. New sets of regulations equivalent to new constitutions were often ratified by the Town Council of Glasgow. And such matters were brought to their notice by petitions from the crafts, usually accompanied by the recom- mendation of the Trades House ; (2) The hearing of petitions and complaints on trade disputes directed to the Provost, Magistrates, and Council, or to the Magistrates only, and of appeals where the judgments of the deacon and masters or the deacon convener and his council were called in question ; (3) Direct interference in trade affairs by Act of the Council. The Seal of Cause in favour of the hammermen of 1536 does not contain any provision for setting before the Town Council contemplated alterations of the craft constitution or regulations, but the hammermen, like other bodies of craftsmen, with considerable irregularity, submitted impor- tant alterations to the Town Council. This was done not on each occasion when a new regulation was enacted, but usually at long intervals thereafter. Sometimes all the regulations passed for many years preceding, were slumped together and submitted for approval. (1) The Act Book and Minute Books of the craft contain many regula- tions which never reached the Town Council. Indeed, between 1573 and 1717, the hammermen are found only on three occasions petitioning the Council for approval of acts or agreements, viz. : — In the case of the agreement of 1668 with the hammermen of Gorbals. 1 In 1676, in order to obtain sanction to an increase in the entry money for strangers to £100 scots, 2 twenty-three years after the increase had been passed and put into operation. 1 G. B. B., 14th November, 166S, snjira, pp. 63 and 64. s 6. B. R., 22nd January, 1676, supra, p. 8. RELATIONS WITH TOWN COUNCIL. 133 When the contract with the Gorbals hammermen was ratified for a second time in 1693. : To show the uncertainty and irregularity of the practice, the remaining instances down to 1806 may be summarised, viz. : — In 1793, when the increased rates of entry money for all classes of entrants were ratified, fourteen years after they had been passed by the craft and put into operation. 2 In 1796, when the Town Council approved of a miscellaneous set of byelaws and regulations dealing with a variety of subjects, and passed by the craft between 1624 and 1795. 3 In 1801, when the Town Council ratified certain byelaws dealing with quarter accounts. 4 In 1804, when the sum to be lent by the trade on bond was raised from £150 to £250 on each bond. 5 In 1806, when it was resolved to increase the entry money for all classes as follows: — strangers from £12 12s. to £20; sons from £1 10s. to £3 ; sons-in-law from £3 10s. to £$. 6 Except in the first instance, in 1668, the agreement and acts of the trade above referred to, were submitted to the deacon convener and his council for prior approval, and recommended by that body to the Town Council for ratification. Notwithstanding the unanimous recommendation of the Trades House, the Town Council declined to ratify the respective increases in the entry money passed in 1806, "Being fully convinced that any augmentation has a direct tendency to prevent useful tradesmen from settling in the city, and is therefore highly inexpedient." The hammermen did not, therefore, insist on exacting the increased rates, and the rates in operation in 1806 remained unchanged till 1895, when the far-hand entry money was raised to ^40. But while the craft was loyal to the decision of the Town Council in this respect, it took good care not to court another refusal. The appli- cation of 1806 was the last that was ever made by the hammermen to the Town Council. Henceforth they were satisfied with the approval of the Trades House to new regulations on all subjects. 1 G. B. B., 30th September, 1693, supra, p. 68. 2 G. B. B., 26th September, 1793, ««/'»'«i PP- S and 9. 3 G. B. B., 21st April, 1796. 4 G. B. B., 30th March, 1801. 8 G. B. R., 20th July, 1804. " 0, />'. /,'., Sth September, 1806. 134 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. (2) Settle- (2) Petitions and complaints on trade affairs were seldom made direct disputes on t° tne Town Council. The Provost and Magistrates preferred that disputes petition or should not come before them until everything had been done for a settle- ment by the deacon and masters, and failing that, by the deacon convener and deacons. 1 The same rule applied to disputes between crafts. But there were necessarily instances where these inferior jurisdictions were out of place, when both the craft and the deacon convener's council were powerless. Here the method of direct appeal came in, and it was made either by a person aggrieved, or by a craft aggrieved. The person was usually an unfreeman wishing to acquire craft rights, and the craft com- plaint was usually against either the merchants or a craft or calling over which the deacon convener and his council had no control ; e.g., the Gorbals hammermen or unfreemen intruders. As an instance, we may again refer to the complaint of the whole craft regarding the practices of merchants encroaching upon their craft privileges. 2 As has been pointed out, disputes with unfreemen could only be settled, in default of amicable agreement, by direct complaint to the Magistrates and Council, 3 and after the beginning of the eighteenth century, complaints to the higher courts became common. In the case of differences with a class of unfreemen, agreements were resorted to, which had to be ratified by the Town Council to be of any avail. 4 But where the jurisdiction was undoubted or accepted for the time being, the decision of the deacon and masters, or of the deacon convener's council, could be questioned by an appeal to the Provost, Magistrates, and Council. 5 A case of internal interest may be quoted as a typical example of an appeal. A hammer- In July, 1781, James Muirhead, deacon, had to complain to his court man's appeal concern j n g lne utterances of David Paton, a " freeman of the trade." On restoration of 26th October, Paton was tried, and from the evidence led, it was proved DtivilcErcs that he had called the deacon a "villain" and a "scoundrel," and had stated he would call him so before the very court of the craft. Paton afterwards had the manliness to admit the charge, and to apologise by 1 T. II. R., 25th May, 1661. p. 372, supra, p. 54. : Hammermen v. Smith, 6. B. R., 1st March, 1645, supra, p. 59. 3 See supra, p. 52. ■•See as to the Gorbals hammermen and the Bannockbtirn men, supra, chap. viii. ■'There were cases on demarcation botli within and without the crafts settled by the Council. See case of Robert Robiesone, O. />'. B., 5th March, 1653, supra, p. 56 (Demarca- tion within the Craft), and Cordiners v. Fleshers, '•'. /;. It, 23rd October, 1675 (Demarcation between Crafts). RELATIONS WITH TOWN COUNCIL. 135 saying, " I was unjust and injurious in uttering these expressions, and do beg pardon therefor." Notwithstanding this, the master court "classed" him for three years, and only refrained from fining him, as they could do under their bye-laws, 1 because he had already been fined by another court, viz. : — the Commissary Court of Glasgow. On 23rd November the sentence was confirmed by the trade, whereupon Paton appealed to the Trades House. In approving of the answers to be lodged with the House to Paton's appeal, the craft, on 18th February, 1782, resolved that if the decision of the House should be against them, they should appeal to the Town Council. Their expectations were realised ; the House reversed the sentence, and the craft protested and appealed to the Magistrates and Council on 15th March, 1782. At a meeting of the trade on 29th November, 1782, it was reported that the Magistrates and Council had ordained the incorporation to restore David Paton to his privileges, and the meeting, in obedience to the sentence, restored Paton accordingly, and placed his name on the qualified roll. The case of David Paton was for the restoration of privileges tem- porarily taken away. (3) A case raising the question of the Town Council's right to enforce (3) Direct the admission of a craftsman occurred in 1630, when Jo" Neill, Notary, b^VheTown was, on their instructions, admitted a freeman of the Incorporation of Council. Hammermen. 2 This, however, was really a case of direct interference, A case of and the demand seems to have been so unusual that it was referred by admissiofi to the craft to the deacon convener and his Council, and dealt with thus : — tne c ' raft - " Vigesimo tertio Aprilis i6jo. " The q!k day ye deikin conveinar remanent deikinis w l Jo" Padie, baillie, Waltir Dowglas and Niniane Andirsoun being conweinit in ye almoushous anent ye alledgit conclusioun of ane act of counsall of ye towne for admitting Jo" Neill notar and dresser of ye towne buiks frieman w l ye smeithis . . . the said haill deikinis and breyrein foiresaid all in ane voice concludit that ye said Jo" Neill salbe ane frieman w* ye said kamermen in yis sort that he sail conweine w* ye said hammermen for counsall to be gewin be him to ye glorie of God weill of ye cuntrie his majesteis hono r ." 3 1 Supra, p. 52. 2 Reference may also be made to the case of Johne Johnstoune, wright. G. B. R., 10th January, 1627. *T. H. R., eodie. 136 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Recom- mending or enforcing admission. Pistol maker. Knife maker. Locksmith. Direct interference by the Town Council took three forms. (First.) The Council sometimes gave permission to a craftsman to work in the town unmolested, either because of his expert workmanship or because he wrought at a branch of trade necessary for the good and progress of the community. In these cases the Council usually admitted the man as a burgess without payment. They did not often directly order a craft to admit him, but commonly recommended him to the craft as a suitable entrant, and he was thereafter duly admitted at modified rates "at the desire and by the interposition of the Magistrates." 1 The following are examples of this mode of interference : — 24th February, 1627. "Ordanes Jo" McKen, pistolett maker, to be ressavit burges of this burghe by the Dean of Gild and his Counsell for fourtie merk in satisfactioun of his fyne becaus he is ane necessar craftsman to be keipit be the toun." 2 Johne McBend (McKend?) was admitted a member of the craft on 27th August, 1627. He did not pay his entry money in cash, but granted a bond to the collector for £20 scots. ijth January, 1632. " A commissioune is granted to Patrik Bryce (maltman) Robert Wilsoun (hammerman) and the Clerk to settle with some honest Knyf maker to be brocht to the toune and to pfese his fredome for taking of two boyes prenteise free." 3 On 7th April, 1694, on the petition of David Donald, hammerman in Carntyne, " shewing that his grandfather was burgess and gild brother of this burgh, and made the locks of the Tolbooth thereof, above eightie years since," the Town Council " ordained the dean of gild to admitt and receave the said David Donald binges and gild-brother without Case of a cutler. J See supra, p. 14. There are also instances of crafts requesting the Town Council to admit burgesses free in order to attract them to the town and enter the craft, usually when work of a special character was required ; e.g. : — 12II1 May, 1737. "The magistrats and town council ordain the dean of gild and brethren, at the desirt of the harmru man, barbers and surgeons, to admitt James Steedman, cutler in Alloa, a person well skilled and able to serve the leidges in cuttle work and sharpening and dressing of razors, burges and gild brother of the burgh, and remitt his fines and hold them as paid, but with this provision that he is not to have the benefit of his frcedome untill he first take up his residence here." 2 G.B. /?., eodie, » j manship, haviour at wapinschaws or other public appearances or on Sundays. burgess The powers of the Council in these matters were founded on long duties, and , general standing custom springing naturally, on the one hand, from their powers of behaviour. creating and controlling privileged guilds, and, on the other, from their duty of protecting persons and property and maintaining law and order. We need only deal with such regulations as affected the hammermen alone or are specially minuted in their records. For instance, the Council enacted building and other regulations, without the authority of Parliament, and the dean of guild court administered them without demur. Thus, on 4th July, 1663— " It is declared be the said magistratis and counsell that it sail The building not be leasome to any maner of persone within this burgh heirafter to ° sral les ' build ane smiddie within any landis or tenementis within the said burgh, unles the haill tenement, heigh and laigh, belong to the builder, or then the builder obtein licence of theis that aught the landis above him." 1 There is a case raising this very point recorded in the Burgh Records, 2 and as the record indicates the small beginnings from which Glasgow's industrial greatness sprang, the story is worth repeating. James Duncan, coppersmith, had taken "a /ore clwp and backhouse" at Dispute the mouth of Bell's Wynd from James Lees, merchant, intending to follow ^J™* his calling there. But Coline and Patrick Bell, on behalf of Margaret and smith's forge. ( ) Bell, " heretors " of the storey above, complained to the dean of guild and his brethren against Duncan. They averred that he had "putt up an forge in the said laigh house," giving occasion for "great fires and heats" which might put the neighbours who lived above and about the same in danger of fire. They asked, therefore, that Duncan should be prohibited from keeping a forge there. The dean of guild and his brethren resolved to refer the complaint to the Council before proceeding to give judgment, but meantime they prohibited Duncan from putting any fire in his forge till the case had been discussed. Duncan humbly represented to 1 G. B. R„ eo die. - '■'. />'. /•'., iv., p. 440, 22nd July. 1709. 140 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. the council that there would be no occasion for any "great heats" in his forge, but a "very small heat and as slow as any fire in a chimney," as the material of copper required but a small heat to prepare it for beating it out to what it might be designed for. It was thus not like either silver or iron forging, from which there flowed " fractive or bruckle" matter, and as for the heat or fire which pewter work required, all the fire which he would make use of for that, would be contained within some small ribs of a chimney, not exceeding "ane quarter and a half yeard of breadth and length," fixed upon a stone hearth whereon a little pot containing the " metall " would stand. No danger, therefore, need be feared so long as the forge was used only in this way. He craved the Magistrates and Council to permit him to go on with his work, as others of his calling were allowed to do, and to "take off the restraint put upon him." The Magis- trates and Council ordained Duncan's statement to be given out to Coline and Patrick Bell to be answered, an opportunity thereafter to be given to Duncan to reply, and they also granted a commission to John Aird, late provost, the dean of guild and his brethren in council (and some others) to visit the laigh house and forge, and submit the whole papers to the dean of guild and his brethren for their consideration, final sentence, and determination. The dean and his brethren would, doubtless, give judgment in accord with the Council's regulation of 1663, for in these days the two bodies, being similarly constituted by an equal number of merchants and crafts- men, supported each other's enactments as a matter of course. A converse case, in which the Council ratified an act of the dean against the pewterers, occurred in 1696. Regulations This act of the dean of guild ordains that (in view of complaints as to pewter mac ie) the " pewtherers " hereafter shall sell no stoups but such as are measures. / r r conform to standard, " and marked with the maker's own mark and year 1696," with certification that if they do, they shall be fined, and also be held liable in the loss that anyone may suffer through measures not being conform to standard. 1 Here the dean and his council were acting strictly within their own jurisdiction as reformers of the " metts and measures great and small of pynt and quart peck and firlot," 2 but this notwithstanding, they took the precaution of getting the approval of the " town's great council." There were no motor cars in these days to tear up well laid streets and roads, but there were heavy rumbling carts having wheels rimmed (l. IS. II., 31st August, 1696. '■ L. of O., section 12. T. II. II., p. 539. RELATIONS WITH TOWN COUNCIL. 141 with iron studded with stob nails, which played sad havoc on the narrow byways rudely formed by primitive statute labour. And here again the Council hit the hammermen with another order. 21st November, 1728. "The Magistrats and Toun Councill considering the damnage qlk Regulations the streets . . . sustain through the late method of fixing the treads^ iron bands to the treads of carts by square headed stob nails, and the vast expenses this toun is at maintaining and upholding the casways . . . without any relief from . . . the carters occasioning the damnage, do strictly prohibit . . . the making or fixing of iron upon the treads of any carts belonging to inhabitants ... by square headed stob nails from and after the 1st day of Januare next or the using of any such carts so shod after 1st June next ; and appoint . . . the iron on treads of carts hereafter to be fixed thereto by bell or round headed stob nails, and none other . . . under the penalty of five pounds scots for each transgressione and confiscation of the carts and punishing of the smiths who make or drive the said square headed stob nails and amerciating them in 12/- scots for each nail and recommend to the Corporation of hammer- men to record this Act in their books and likeways ordain thir presents to be publickly intimat by tuke of drum through the city." 1 These examples will suffice to show Council interference, for the good of the community, with the crafts in the exercise of their trades. Their control over the craftsmen in taxation, wapinschaws, musters, watching, and warding has already been narrated. 2 But even on their day of rest the craftsmen were not left undisturbed Order anent by the vigilant Puritan councillors. On 15th June, 1784, the hammermen observance. considered a Proclamation by the Lord Provost and Magistrates on Sabbath Day Observance, and the deacon was authorised to order the trades officer to act agreeably to the proclamation, i.e. — " The Magistrates hereby request the Deacons of each of the Fourteen Incorporations of this City to appoint the Fourteen Officers of the Trades to peramble the Streets every Sunday in four divisions, each accompanied by an Officer of the Peace, for the purpose of reporting to the Magistrates the names, designations, and places of 1 See also O. B. B., iii., p. 106 (2nd May, 1668), for regulations affecting the coopers as to the making of barrels, and p. S4 (20th September, 1666), for regulations affecting the fleshers as to killing of beasts. 2 Supra, pp. 80-84. 142 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The general relation between the Council and the crafts. Abuses of system of close corporations. Employment of councillors by the Council. abode of every person who shall appear upon the Streets or Lanes of this city in crowds for idle or licentious purposes, that effectual measures may be taken for convicting and punishing every offender with the utmost rigour of the Law." 1 The sway of the Town Council over the crafts, however, was always very much that of a benevolent despot. After 1605, the deacon convener, and after 1606 the twelve trades councillors and the trades bailie sitting with him in the Council, could raise their voices to protect the trades if any unreasonable restriction of their rights was threatened. But the presence in the Council of chartered merchants and craftsmen only, to the exclusion of representatives of the great majority of the remaining inhabitants, had also its baneful influence against the general welfare. One example will serve to show how the trades were defended at the Council Board, and at the same time disclose one of many corrupt practices which latterly became scandalously frequent in burghs, viz., the employment of councillors to execute municipal contracts. "The magistrats and toun councill conveened, there was a motion made that they should elect and choise a wright to be touns wright and an hammerman to be tonus smith, whereupon Robert Yuill, dean of gild, protested that no man who is a counciller can be imployed in the toun's work, for by their being so imployed they are overawed in their votes, and so no free elections ; upon which Francis Stevenson, wright, protested that the dean of gild having a sallary as collector of the touns tuo pennies, he must either quitt the same, or otherways, after his own protest forsaid, he cannot sit in councill, and further, the said Francis protested that the deacon conveener and others of the councill, both of the merchants and trades rank, have these laundered years bygone been imployed in the touns work and payd for the same, and its optionall to the toun councill to imploy workmen as they please either in councill or out of the same ; after which protesta- tions above-written the magistrats and toun councill did choise, elect and appoint the saids Francis Stevenson to be touns wright and William Telfier, hammerman, to be touns smith ; and ordaines and appoints that no other be imployed in the touns wright work or smith work but the said Francis Stevenson and William Telfier, and that during the magistrats and toun councill their will and pleasure allenerly." 2 1 G. B. It. Proclamation dated 1st June, 17S4. 5 G. 13. It, iv., p. 471, 5th January, 1712. RELATIONS WITH TOWN COUNCIL. 143 There is no need to burden these pages with examples of the abuses which flowed from the existence of close corporations as trade and popula- tion increased. One may infer from the last instance how easily the old system lent itself to corruption in craft, guild, and public affairs. The councillors, guild brethren, and craftsmen of the eighteenth century were constitutionally unable to resist the many temptations thus put in their way. None of the three classes showed any very serious sign of the righteous example of keeping themselves unspotted from the world. There was in general a firm line drawn between prayers and privileges. All were more or less guilty of letting slip few opportunities of enriching themselves with the spoils of place, power, and monopoly. But corruption is sooner or later followed by decay, and decay by extinction, unless before it is too late the process is arrested by the curative hand of reform. The fate which overtook the privileged burgesses will be sketched in our last chapter. CHAPTER XVI. The Transition to Free Trades and Reformed Institutions. Decay and reform — Corruption in municipal affairs — Similar abuses in crafts — Glasgow's example: The clamour for reform Resumt of the old system — The first Glasgow Police Act — Its effect — Attitude of the crafts towards reform — The Iiurgh Reform Act — Exclusive privileges become an anomaly — Their abolition in 1846 — Benefits of the craft system also lost — Results of the 1846 Act on Glasgow crafts — Subsequent progress of the ham- merman craft. Decay and The decay of the craft and guild system is a subject of great fascination to the student of commercial and municipal history, but it is too vast and somewhat foreign to the scheme of the foregoing chapters, which has been to show chiefly from the records of a single composite trade the constitution, organization, and routine work of a Scottish craft and its varied relations to the machinery of the municipality. Enough, it is hoped, has been said to emphasise the important fact that the crafts were an integral part of the burghal organism. The decay and reform of the one part was, therefore, closely connected with, if not appendant to, the decay and reform of all the others ; and it is, perhaps, fitting that a sketch, although in the briefest outline, should be given of the transition to free trades and reformed local institutions. We have already indicated that the old method of municipal Corruption in government bred much corruption. That corruption assumed many forms. municipal A , ... . r . . . ,, . . affairs. Abuses appeared in frequent infringements of the setts or constitutions of the Burgh Councils ; e.g., by the introduction of councillors without proper burghal qualifications ; in the mismanagement of burgh property ; in the appointment and remuneration of burgh officials ; in the selection and control of burgh contractors ; in unnecessary and protracted litigation ; in lavish civic entertainments ; in incomplete financial records ; and in the maladministration of charitable and educational mortifications or public trusts. Similar Within each trade, similar influences were at work. With growing crafts. prosperity, abuse was fostered; abuse, indeed, was "inherent in the practical operation of exclusive privilege." Exorbitant entry dues were charged from strangers. Sons and sons-in-law were admitted at nominal rates. Licences permanent or temporary, were granted for payment in THE TRANSITION TO REFORMED INSTITUTIONS. 145 money or were capriciously withheld. Tradesmen who would not submit to these exactions were oppressed and prosecuted at much expense, and sometimes almost to the depletion of the corporate funds. It is true that in Glasgow these practices were not specially manifest. Glasgow's The Glasgow crafts, at least the hammermen, seem to have steered a middle course and to have exercised their privileges with more moderation than did crafts in other burghs. Indeed, only one instance of an objection- able nature is quoted against Glasgow in the Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the state of Municipal Corporations in Scotland. 1 But with the close of the eighteenth century, the time for reform had come, and it found Glasgow not only ready for a new regime, but clamouring for The clamour ■ 1 ■ 1 /- 1 ■ • 1 1 • • 1 f° r reform, it through the incessant demands of the general inhabitants, curiously enough, backed up by those Town Councillors who represented the privileged class. To understand the trend and effect of the reform legislation, we must needs take a glance backwards. It has already been shown that the leading principle of the guild Resume of system in burghs was that privilege and burden went hand in hand. It sys t era would have been unfair for a stranger or an inhabitant to enjoy the full trading rights of the merchant or craft burgess unless on the condition of enrolling as a burgess and guild brother, and thus rendering himself liable to all the burdens of the privileged citizen. By far the heavier, if not the whole, share of the burgh burdens, personal and pecuniary, fell on the shoulders of the burgess. 2 At the outset of the burgess's business career, entry dues were paid to the town, to the guildry, and to his craft. From the year 1653 onwards, he contributed at the same stage £5 scots (8s. 4d. sterling), for the upkeep of water buckets to be used for extinguishing fires in the burgh. 3 The current or continuous duties of the burgess have already been sketched in chapter x. There was practically no such thing as regular local taxation, and the non-burgess without public or guild rights and privileges, bore no burdens. 4 The Town Councillors, drawn solely from 'See the General Report of these Commissioners, 1835. London : Wm. Clowes & Sons, pp. 87-8. 2 See chap. x. 3 Half of this money went to the Merchants House, and half to the Trades House, under the obligation of supplying the necessary implements for the purpose, and when this obliga- tion was discharged, the money itself was surrendered by these Houses to the Town Council to be expended towards the same ends. ' See tupra, p. 80, as to incidence. 10 146 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The first Glasgow Police Act. Its effect. Attitude of the crafts towards reform. The Burgh Reform Act. Exclusive privileges become an anomaly. the privileged classes, themselves filled up all vacancies. Hidebound by common law and general custom, the Town Councillors had to recognise that taxation beyond what was customary, whether in nature or incidence, was outwith their powers. A break in the ancient system took place in Glasgow in 1800, and proved the beginning of the end. The first Glasgow Police Act of 1800 placed the inhabitants of every quality, under the protecting wings of a new representative body — The Police Commissioners of the City. But at the same time all the citizens were naturally called upon to bear the cost. The merchants and craftsmen could no longer be asked by the Council to maintain law and order. This was now in the hands of the new Commissioners, and the duties were performed by paid police, the expense being met by compulsory local taxation. The rates were levied on householders. Privilege and burden were thus no longer co-related, and the case for monopoly in Glasgow hopelessly broke down. Similar private local acts for other burghs had the same effect. But the mills of Parliament grind slowly, and thirty-three years passed before the Town Council, by operation of the Burgh Reform Act, was constituted on a popular basis, and forty-six years before the craft monopolies were taken away. For twelve years before the passing of the Police Act, the craftsmen had persistently opposed many proposals of the Town Council for police reform. So much so that the Town Council had to interdict them from making use of their corporate funds for parliamentary and other opposition. Between 1800 and 1833, they just as strenuously opposed Burgh Reform, but it is only fair to say that in Glasgow the craftsmen did so not on the general priuciple, but in details. The Burgh Reform Act, while not affecting the trading privileges of the crafts, and while permitting free election of guild office-bearers, put the crafts out of direct touch with the Town Council. Instead of sharing with the merchants the exclusive right to constitute that body between them, they and the merchants were left unrepresented, save by the deacon convener and the dean of guild. This further jeopardised their now anomalous position. Exclusive trading was seen to be doomed sooner or later. But still the struggle went on. Two hundred and fifty years before, the crafts had been the pioneers of reform and the strugglers for political and municipal recognition and liberty. Now, while admitting the need for reform and willing to concede much, they were more on the side of privilege than of freedom. THE TRANSITION TO REFORMED INSTITUTIONS. 147 At length the Act of 1846 abolished their exclusive privileges and Their made trade and merchandise free. At the same time it removed all traces t [, e Act"of y of the ancient jurisdiction of the Magistrates and Town Couucil and of the l8 4 6 - deacon convener and his council in trade affairs. It permitted the crafts to continue their corporate existence, but with no duties towards appren- tices, no power of trial by essay, and no right to condemn insufficient work. The evils of the craft system vanished, and with them the good Henefits of points as well. Apprentices and child-workers were left without a protector. sy s t ° m a ] so Journeymen had long since lost faith in magistrates as well as deacons, '°st. and, in absence of State protection, sought in private combination to protect themselves. In the fierce competition of free trade there was no authority to promote technical training or enforce quality of workmanship. The inefficient craftsman was no longer prevented by fear of the " essay " from starting in business. Prices were unregulated, and excellence failed to control the markets. Cheapness fought against quality. In the search for bargains the customer had no longer the prior assistance of the deacon in eliminating insufficient work. Factory legislation, Trade Union laws, State-aided technical training, and the Adulteration Acts were long in coming to set right those deficien- cies which in the outburst of reform legislators had failed to foresee. The downfall and disappearance of the incorporated trades throughout Results of Scotland was prophesied as a certain result of the Act of 1846. In many the ' 8 46 Act burghs the craftsmen proceeded surreptitiously to divide their charitable Glasgow funds and to break up their societies. In Glasgow a wiser policy prevailed. cra s Notwithstanding, possibly in virtue of, the fact that " within the Glasgow incorporations themselves there was a much stronger inclination to support" the exclusive privileges "than in those of any other burgh," the trades there immediately set about the higher duty of reforming themselves, and from the ashes of their effete trade organisations they re-erected, on a surer foundation, those houses of refuge — the fourteen Incorporations of Glasgow. The doors were thrown open to all burgesses of repute, and while each craft still continued to gather within it men associated in some way with the trade of which its members once had the monopoly, the old spirit of exclusion was gone. There was breathed into the constitution of each a uniformity which brought about a wholesome and continuous Christian rivalry in doing good. Through this not only have they increased their own stores but they have shown an example in the city that has called into being hundreds of kindred associations. 148 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Subsequent The Incorporation of Hammermen has done its part in the work, and fhe'harainer- has progressed with its thirteen sisters of mercy in the freer commercial man craft. atmosphere which has stimulated the growth of the ancient cathedral city. And now what was once a small body of humble smiths and hand workers in metal has been transformed into a greater assembly of burgesses who carry on the new and vast industries of a greater Glasgow. Within its ranks are to be found the iron-founders, the steel manufacturers, the bridge builders, the engineers, the shipbuilders of modern times, and a train of others of equal importance to the welfare of the city and the State. Amongst the fourteen crafts, the hammermen are still the greatest in numbers. They are still premier in precedence, and the thirteen hundred members may, with a sense of pride and fitness, still repeat the twin mottoes of olden days — " By hammer in hand all arts do stand." " Of all mechanics of renown the smith above the hammer wears his crown." Book II. Book II. Craft Life and Work. CHAPTER I. The Altar of S. Eloi. Crafts, fosterlings of the Church — Cathedral the earliest home of the hammermen of Glasgow — The patron saint of hammermen — The Glasgow altar of S. Eloi as it existed in pre- Reformation times. FROM the historical introduction it is clearly obvious that we must Crafts, have recourse to the annals of the Church if we would obtain infor- fosterlings of the Church. mation regarding the rise and progress of crafts and craftsmen during the Middle Ages in Scotland. Thus it is not to be wondered at that the first chapter of this book should have the title which it bears. We shall see that the first "local habitation" and home of the Glasgow Hammer- Cathedral men must be sought within the precincts of the venerable cathedral of f ear l'!u l r home or the S. Kentigern, better known by his traditional title of S. Mungo, "the hammermen Beloved." Thanks to a solitary casual reference in the Hammermen's "Seal of Cause," or Charter of Incorporation, dated nth October, 1536, we know that they possessed an altar — one of the thirty odd altars which formerly stood, in pre-Reformation times, within that ancient edifice. In Mr. George Eyre-Todd's Book of Glasgow Cathedral there is a special chapter contributed by the late Archbishop Eyre on the ancient altars of the cathedral, in which, however, there is no mention made of the patron saint of the hammermen or his altar ! Readers of this book might naturally infer, from the ecclesiological scholarship and ecclesiastical authority of the writer, that no such altar ever stood there ; but such, nevertheless, not- withstanding this omission, proves to have been the case. This one fact surely proves the value and importance of the publication of such archives. Beyond the fact, however, of establishing its existence, the records of the Incorporation are silent. The earliest Minute Book extant dates from 20th February, 1616 — that is to say, eighty years later than the date of the charter — and in the course of these two generations every trace of pre-Reformation records seems to have entirely disappeared. 152 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The patron saint of hammermen. The Glasgow altar of S. Eloi as it existed in pre- Reformation times. But although the hammermen of Glasgow have unfortunately lost the documentary evidence of their life and work during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, we are still able to picture to ourselves the station and general appearance of the trades altar as it existed in those old days. We possess contemporary evidence descriptive of the same saint's altar in S. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh. Here it may interest our readers to have a short account of this patron saint. "S. Eligius, or Eloi, the patron saint of goldsmiths, was born at Chatelet, near Limoges, A.D. 588. He was placed early with a gold- smith of Limoges named Abbo, and acquired great skill. He next went to Paris and was placed with Bobbo, treasurer of Clotaire II. The King wanted a throne made, and, as he could find no one else capable of the task, he entrusted the commission to S. Eligius, giving him metal for the purpose. He found that he had received enough metal to make two thrones. This was enough to bring him into notice, and he was made master of the mint. As master of the mint he struck coins — some of which remain — bearing his name. Although a layman, he was made Bishop of Noyon by Clovis II. in 640, and died 1st December, 659. His relics are still to be seen in the cathedral of Noyon, and his name and memory were revered wherever an incor- poration of hammermen was to be found till the Reformation." Dr. Sparrow Simpson, in his Chapters about Old S. Paul's, gives a charming description, based on authentic information, of a walk which he invites his readers to take with him in imagination down the nave of the old cathedral in one of the early years of the sixteenth century, before the Reformation had abrogated the mediaeval ritual and removed the apparatus and ornamental arrangements connected with Catholic saint-worship. His vivid pages revive the past and bring the whole scene which he describes most strikingly before our mental vision. We should like to take our readers on a similar excursion. We must picture to ourselves the interior of Glasgow cathedral divested of its pews, and with side chapels ranged along the walls, each with its altar decked and draped and garnished with lights and flowers. Each pillar has attached to it a small square altar, raised on steps, canopied above and curtained at back and sides, these "riddles," as they were called, being hung on bracketed rods from the reredos. The most conspicuous object at each of these pillars is the image of the saint to whom the altar is dedicated, and each is accompanied by his or her appropriate symbol or attribute — thus S. Catherine holds her wheel, S. Laurence his gridiron, S. Paul his sword, and, last but not least, S. Eloi c So THE ALTAR OF S. ELOI. 153 his hammer. Let us pause in imagination before his altar, draped in fair white linen and gay with its green or red frontal and riddles according to the season of the Christian year ; with its altar lights screened from the draughts by the latter and shedding a soft radiance on the lace and bright coloured silk of the former, often embroidered with gold. A richly bound missal occupies one corner and a chalice the other. In the centre of the little super-table stands the tabernacle, of Flemish carved work, like a little model church, with folding doors, to hold the reserved sacrament from the last celebration. In front of the altar stands the priest's reading- desk, and flanking it, on each side, are two waxen torches that are only lit on high solemnities — or which at least appear to be of wax, but are found on closer inspection to owe their ample girth to dummy covers painted to resemble wax and give the impression of greater wealth and dignity to the altar and its saint. Fresh flowers in " peyntit pyggis" adorn the altar, as well as a silver-gilt " crowat," which rests on a "corpalin," which on festive occasions is of satin ornamented with red silk and gold embroidery. If we look beneath the altar we may see the handles of the " hers," a frame of wood something like an ambulance litter, on which the coffin of a deceased hammerman was laid in front of the altar and covered with the rich mort- cloth or pall of violet, while at each corner are " prickets," or spiked candle- sticks, for affixing the candles during the wake or funeral service. In front of the altar the stone floor is strewn with fresh-cut rushes, on which the devout may kneel and tell their beads. Suspended by a pulley from the roof, the undying lamp adds its small gleam to the other altar lights and shows up the gilded crown and hammer that dangle from a pillar bracket, like a shop sign, and, indeed, for the same purpose — for these insignia of the craft symbolize the spot and mark it out as the hammermen's altar, thus preventing confusion and mistakes in an edifice so crowded with similar erections. Such, we may imagine with great verisimilitude, was the ancient altar of the hammermen of Glasgow in the days before the Reformation. CHAPTER II. At Kirk. The Church and the crafts before and after the Reformation in Scotland— The "hammermen " defend their venerable cathedral — The loyalty of the Glasgow crafts to the "auld kirk " — Religion and the crafts in Scotland. The Church and the crafts before and after the Reformation in Scotland. The "ham- mermen " defend their venerable cathedral. We have already seen how the Trade Guilds sprang up and spread under the sheltering shadow of the Church, much in the same way as the various auxiliary social organizations of modern church life and work gradually grow up and cluster round a congregation whose members have been wont to worship for generations in the same old familiar fane. In the previous chapter we have seen how, in the olden time, the principal crafts at least, were represented by their respective altars in the cathedral church of S. Kentigern, and how we know of the former existence there — long ignored and forgotten — of the Glasgow hammermen's patronal shrine of S. Eloi. This altar disappeared, naturally, along with all its companion erections, in the course of the iconoclastic wreckage and dissolution wrought by the politico-religious upheaval and revolution which took place in the seventh decade of the sixteenth century. But, although their altar was destroyed, and their heavenly champion and patron relegated to the limbo of discarded idols and discredited ideals, S. Mungo's venerable " Hie Kirk" still maintained its wonted place in their affections, and we may well believe that the hammermen of Glasgow were foremost among its friends and defenders when its very existence was threatened by the "rabble multitude." Bishop Spottiswoode tells how narrowly the venerable pile escaped destruction at that time. The Magistrates, probably against their own judgment, but instigated by Andrew Melville and others of the ministers, agreed to demolish the cathedral, and workmen were actually convened for a particular day to commence the work. But the crafts of the city assembled with arms in their hands "swearing with many oaths that he who did cast doun the first stone should be buried under it." The Magistrates were compelled to yield, but they cited the leaders, and threatened them with punishment. The young King, however, on being appealed to, took the part of the crafts and prohibited the ministers, who AT KIRK. 155 were the complainers, " to meddle any more in that business, saying that too many churches had already been destroyed, and that he would not tolerate more abuses of that kind." l Had the hammermen and other crafts of Glasgow not been so brave as to face the perils of clerical odium and popular fury, the city might not now be able to boast of possessing the only unruined cathedral north of the Tweed. At that time, we are told, it was the only one that had, so far, escaped the storm of devastation, and that very fact was urged as an argument for the destruction of that last remaining "monument of idolatry." We might here recall another tradition of the way in which the grand old minster was preserved from the destruction with which it was threatened by a furious and fanatical mob. " I," said the pawky Provost of that day (Captain Crawford of Jordanhill), to his townsmen who were eager to begin the work of desecration and demolition, " I am for pu'in doun the auld kirk, but no' till we hae first biggit a new ane." The worthy Provost was doubtless well aware that, as over-excitement is followed by a propor- tionate degree of languor, could he but momentarily avert the storm, there would be little danger of its again reaching a similar pitch of vehemence. 2 The loyalty We have further evidence of the loyalty of the Glasgow crafts to their Glasgow "auld kirk" some years later, when, as we read, in the earliest extant craft , s , t , . t , he „ fc * 'till 1 I I" Mr Minute of the Town Council dealing with the cathedral, 21st August, 1 574 : "The prouest, baillies, and Counsale, with the dekynnis of the craftis and diuers wtheris honest men of the toun . . . hes consentit to ane taxt and impositioun of twa hundredtht pundis money to be taxt and payit be the tounschip and fremen thairof for helping to repair the said kirk and halding of it watterfest : and for casting and makyng thairof hes appointit thir persones folloving, viz., the dekyn of ilk craft, Johne Arbuckill," etc. (sixteen names in all). We observe here, again, the same zeal for their beloved kirk displayed by the crafts of the city. Arguing mainly e silentio, historians have doubted whether the Glasgow trades possessed a " laft," or loft, i.e., gallery, in the cathedral. We learn, however, that on the 6th of January, 1649, the Town Council recommended to the "deine of gild and deikine conveiner to boold twa loftis" in the "great Kirk," which was then undergoing repairs. 3 This is, certainly, the only reference which can be found in the Council Record to the trades having, or proposing to have, a loft in any of the city churches, and Mr. Renwick kindly adds the further information, that he has not found any evidence to show that this recom- 1 Andrew MacGeorge, Old Glasgow, p. 107. ' Chronicles of St. Mungo : Glasgow, 1843, P- 20 9- s O. B. R., 1630, p. 152. 156 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. mendation was carried into effect. But it is incredible that the trades of Glasgow should have departed from the universal custom and practice of their brethren in all other burghs. Religion and It is equally inconceivable that their interest in religion and religious Scotland '" observances should have been shorn of all public and corporate recognition in consequence of the reformation of their faith. We have already seen, in the preceding chapter, sufficient evidence of their profoundly religious character, as shown, for example in the devout care manifested by these old craftsmen in the provision they made in their "Seals of Cause" for the upkeep of their patronal altars, especially when we consider the reputed poverty of the Scottish middle classes at that period. We are informed that, after the Reformation, the regular meetings of the various incorporations were always constituted with prayer. A special prayer, indeed, inscribed on a blank page of an old copy of the " Breeches Bible" is said to have been specially composed by John Knox for the hammermen of Edinburgh. In those days, Mr. Graham tells us, the Magistrates and Kirk-Session worked with a painful unanimity — a harmony which is not a distinct feature in our day. Town Councils required their own members to attend kirk at the two services on Sabbath, and also at the week-day service — absence therefrom incurring a fine of 6d. scots or y 2 d. sterling — and they impartially ordained every other inhabitant to do likewise. While the bailies had their own "desk " or seat, the others — the " omnigadrum " — either brought their own stools or stood through the pro- longed services and jostled and often came to blows in struggles for a creepie to sit upon, while from above, in the loft, wanton persons playfully threw divots or other missiles on the bonneted persons below. 1 1 Henry Grey Graham, Lit. and Hist. Essays, 1908, p. 130. CHAPTER III. At Market. The mediaeval market — The privilege of the market town — The market cross — Early topo- graphy of Glasgow — Local rivalry— Glasgow's early struggle to secure and maintain the Clyde traffic against her rivals — A mental picture of fifteenth century Glasgow — The hammermen market — Market inspection in the eighteenth century. It is somewhat difficult for us moderns to realize the conditions of life and The labour that prevailed in ancient times. The civic and municipal ideas mar ket. which are now current and commonplace had not yet emerged, or were at best being put forth and expressed in a tentative and experimental fashion. The entirely modern science of political economy was then a thing unknown and undreamt of. The laws of supply and demand were not at all recognised as objective principles determining the direction and character of industry. The world of ideas in which our forefathers lived and moved and had their being was in many ways one curiously removed from ours. This is clearly seen in the conditions and stipulations enacted in regard to the exchange of industrial products. The provisions and penalties prescribed and enforced to regulate the relationship that should exist between the con- sumer and the producer, or the buyer and the seller, to our minds seem absurd and irksome and calculated to arrest and retard, rather than to advance and develop, the production and exchange of commodities, or, in other words, to promote trade. Nothing shows this difference of ideas more plainly than the laws affecting this commercial exchange through the control of the daily or weekly markets and the annual fairs. One of the most highly prized privileges of medieval towns was the The privilege possession and enjoyment of a regular statutory market. town The market town in those days was one in which alone such an exchange of commodities was allowed to take place on a certain day of the week and between certain specified hours. This restriction of markets had a twofold effect. It shepherded the peasantry of the district to certain centres for the disposal of their crops and farm produce on the one hand, and, on the other, it provided for the merchants and craftsmen of the town an unfailing supply of additional customers for their wares. The term " market town " was consequently a designation of much more i 5 8 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The market cross. Early topo- graphy of Glasgow. Local rivalry. importance and value in those times than now. With those privileges of holding a weekly market and annual fair, and the consequent right of levying tolls or customs on articles brought for sale, the inhabitants had every facility which existed at that time for making progress in commerce and industrial pursuits. An old law, attributed to King William, provided that all merchandise should be presented at the markets and market crosses of burghs. Though ranking not as a royal burgh, but as a burgh of barony, seeing that the bishop and not the King was superior, Glasgow from the first conformed to the main provisions of the burgh laws, and, accordingly, one of its earliest acts must have been the establishment of a market cross. The site chosen formed the centre of the new burgh, and that centre deter- mined the line of all its oldest streets. Starting from the cross as the centre, one of the four main thoroughfares, corresponding with the four cardinal directions, ran eastwards to one of the town's commons, bearing the ominous name of Gallow-muir, and thus acquired the name of Gallow-gate. Westward the road led to S. Tenuis' chapel, now transformed to S. Enoch's, but after the establishment of the "Tron," S. Tenuis' gate gradually came to be called by its present name, Trongate. The High Street, running northward to the Cathedral, was so called as being the road to the " Hie Kirk" ; while its continuation past the cross southward, known first as the Wauker-gait or the street of the fullers — from the fullers' mill, which must have been placed at an early date near the confluence of the Molendinar and Camlachie burns, a short distance south of the Cross — came to be called the Salt market from the middle of the fifteenth century. 1 When David I. (1123-1153) erected his demesne village of Rutherglen into a royal burgh, that charter also conferred exclusive commercial privileges over an extensive district, which certainly included Glasgow. And soon after, when the bishop obtained trading privileges for his little city, the Glasgow markets were at once exposed to the tyrannous rivalry of the king's burgh, whose tolls and customs were exacted up to its very gates, as is witnessed to-day in the seven-hundred-year-old name of the eastern suburb of Tollcross. It was only after many generations, in the course of which Glasgow craftsmen had with determined obstinacy struggled and striven to obtain and maintain their independence, that their untiring efforts were crowned with success, and the once insignificant little waterside village, eclipsing all its rivals, eventually became the com- mercial capital of the kingdom. 1 R. Renwick, Handbook of Glasgow, p. 6. AT MARKET. 159 The right of holding a market every Thursday (in 1397, as we learn from a precept of King Robert II., dated 14th October of that year, the day had been altered to Sunday, and the burgesses and community of Glasgow were thereby enjoined to make their market day, Monday) was first enjoyed by the citizens of Glasgow in terms of the charter which King William "the Lion" granted between 1 1 75 and 1178, giving the bishop the privilege of having a burgh at Glasgow, with a weekly market on that day. It sounds absurd to us to be told that, as a commercial emporium, Glasgow's Glasgow was then threatened with extinction, through the oppressive rivalry to'secure^nd ofthe three royal burghs of Rutherglen, Renfrew, and Dumbarton; the former maintain the Clyde traffic seeking to cut off the city's traffic landward, and the two latter doing all in against her their power to monopolize the trade ofthe Clyde. Documentary evidence, rivals - however, proves that the commercial men of the primitive city were seriously hampered and handicapped in their mercantile and industrial pursuits by the restrictions imposed, and the customs levied by the bailies of Rutherglen under the authority conferred by King David, to levy toll within the territory of Glasgow, which practice seems to have been persisted in notwithstanding the creation of the younger burgh. On 29th October, 1226, King Alexander directed these bailies not to take toll or custom within the town of Glasgow, but authorised them to continue the collection of such dues "at the Cross of Schedinstoun (Shettleston) as they were wont to be taken of auld." This shows that Rutherglen territory at that time extended beyond the river. Further protection to the bishop's dependents was granted in 1235, when the King directed that the bishops and their men should be quit of payment of toll on their own goods, as well within as without burghs throughout the kingdom. 1 Dumbarton had been erected a burgh in 1221, and was taking advantage of its privileges to interfere with the Glasgow traders in the west. To remove impediment in this direction, King Alexander, by a charter, nth January, 1242-3, ordained that the bishops and their burgesses and men of Glasgow, might go in Argyle and Lennox, and throughout the whole kingdom, to buy and sell and to exercise every sort of merchandise as freely as they did before any burgh was formed at Dumbarton. Soon after Bishop Turnbull came to Glasgow (1448), he had to com- plain against the neighbouring burghs of Rutherglen and Renfrew for disturbing and impeding those burgesses and inhabitants of the barony who brought goods and merchandise to the markets of Glasgow in prejudice of the privilege and custom granted to the Kirk of Glasgow of 1 R. Renwick, Handbook of Glasgow, p. 56. i<5o THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. A mental picture of fifteenth century Glasgow. The hammer- men market. auld time by the King's progenitors. King James II. directed such inter- ference should cease, and likewise ordained that neither these burghs or any other should come within the barony of Glasgow, " na within ony landis pertenand to Sant Mungo's fredome," to take toll or custom by water or land from any persons coming or going to the market. 1 We may add here that, although Glasgow, as Cosmo Innes informs us, 2 was repre- sented in the Scottish Parliament as early as 1576, and emancipated at the Reformation from subjection to the bishop, who formerly controlled the election of its Magistrates, the city did not become legally a burgh till the charter granted by Charles I. was confirmed in Parliament in 1636. If we would picture to our mind's eye the architectural appearance of the city four hundred years ago, we must go to the quaint old-world towns of Flanders, Holland, or Northern Burgundy, which still preserve so many of their mediaeval features, almost unaltered through all the chances and changes of half a millennium, the ravages of war, and the no less destructive, if less violent and obtrusive, removals and reconstructions wrought at the behest of varying taste and fashion. The back streets of Bruges, for example, will probably give us a better idea of the general appearance of fifteenth century Glasgow than any other authority we could name. For our old burgesses loved to copy the steep-pitched roofs and tall crow- stepped gables of thsir Flemish friends and business acquaintances. The sites of several of the ancient markets of Glasgow are still indicated by their surviving names, such as the Saltmarket and the Trongate, but the exact position of the old hammermen market has never been absolutely determined, although the probability is that it was some- where between the foot of the High Street and the Tron Kirk The reason of this uncertainty is most likely due to the fact that their "stance" was one of such old standing, that it was not referred to in the records of the city, as would have no doubt have been in the case of a later allocation or grant of a market standing. We read of an alteration of these sites which took place at the end of the sixteenth century, when a petition was presented to Parliament, 29th July, 1587, "Be the fremen and utheris induelleris of Glasgow aboue the Gray Freir Wynde thairof." The peti- tioners explained that their " pairt of the citie was becum ruinous," and proposed as a remedy for this decayed condition of the northern portion of the city, and also to relieve congestion of the trade and traffic at the market cross, that the Saltmarket should be removed to the top of the 'Glasgow Charters, II., 27, in R. Renwick's Handbook of Glasgow. 5 Scotland in the Middle Ages, p. 169. V c AT MARKET. 161 High Street. But the new position at the Wynd-head, where the Rotten- row joined the High Street, was found inconvenient "be reason the same was far distant fra the brig and watter of the said citie quhair the salt is maist usit." Accordingly, in 1594, the Saltmarket was restored to its old site, and the bear and malt market taken above the Wynd-head. One of the duties of the incorporation mentioned already, was to vouch for the workmanlike or "sufficient" character of its members' handicraft. For this purpose, representatives were regularly appointed as " search masters" to examine the articles of the hammermen's craft exposed Market for sale, and if faulty or " insufficient," to denounce the same. inThe An instance of the exercise of this function is recorded in the Minutes, eighteenth 1 2th September, 1776, when a cased clock (or, as we should term it, a "grandfather's clock") was found unduly exposed by William Paton, wright (i.e., joiner and cabinet maker) in Glasgow, who was probably the contractor of the wooden case only. The quaintly worded record is worth quoting : — " Said day the meeting taking into consideration a Representation and Complaint by the Deacon to the Magistrates of Glasgow of date the fourth current Setting forth that the Members of this Incorporation who visited the Market that day found a clock exposed to publick Sale which appeared to be very insufficient and Craving the Authority of the Magistrates to seize said clock to be inspected by proper Judges and if found not sufficient that the Owner of it might be punished as Law directed As also a Warrent of said date subscribed by the Lord Provest for detaining and inspecting said Clock with the Report of the Inspectors Likewise a Warrent Granted by Baillie Duncan Niven in consequence of said report for carrying the Work (but not the case) of said Clock to the Clerks Chambers in Glasgow there to remain in order to further Tryal and for serving William Paton Wright in Glas- gow Owner of the said Clock with a Copy of the complaint and Procedure thereon And Likewise a Petition from the said William Paton to the Deacon and Masters of this Incorporation dated the ninth current whereby he submitts himself to the sole determination of us to do therein as We shall see Cause with respect to said Clock are of opinion and find that in regard to the said Clock is Lodged in the Clerks Chambers of Glasgow by Authority of the Magistrates We can give no Judgement in the matter without the Authority of a Magistrate Authorizeing us so to do." CHAPTER IV. At the Change House. The common preamble of master court minutes — Items of ordinary business transacted : " Bonds " : " Cautioners " — Printing the acts of the trade — Removing the impost of 6d. " for men at work " — " King's Freemen " — " A storm in a half-mutchkin." The common The most common formula with which the Minutes of the regular meetings preamble of . master court of the deacon and masters used to begin is expressed in these terms : — minutes. " At and within the House of . . . Change keeper (or Vintner) in Glasgow the . . . day of . . . one thousand . . . hundred and . . . years Convened Deacon . . . and most part of the Masters the whole having been Warned to the meeting as was verified by . . . Officer to the Trade." Items of ordinary business transacted. " Bonds." "Caution- ers." Printing the acts of the trade. By far the greatest number of meetings were held at these little inns for the transaction of the business of the incorporation. Some of the items are worth quoting, as they show the careful management of the affairs of the craft. One of the most frequently occurring matters for discussion and settlement, was the granting of loans to members, the drawing out of "bonds," the appointing of "cautioners," the renewal of these bonds, and the naming of new cautioners from time to time. The sums were usually small, running from five pounds to fifty as a rule, although not infrequently the amount was a hundred or a hundred and fifty pounds. This superior limit was, " in consideration of the high price of stamped paper," raised in 1804 to £250. As evincing the care taken by these officers in managing the modest finances of the craft, we find them naming a committee on 30th September, 1783, at their meeting in the house of Walter Bell, change keeper, for the purpose of making out a list of those who are debtors to the trade for the inspection of the deacon and masters. A year later, at John Barclay's change house, a committee is appointed anent the printing the acts of the trade, and about a year later, at the same place, we find them considering the advisability of abolishing the act, which imposed a contribution of sixpence on "men at work," and con- sequently on the 24th November, 1785, the meeting at John Barclay's — AT THE CHANGE HOUSE. 163 " having considered a minute of the Deacon and Masters dated the Removing twenty fourth day of August last anent the sixpence paid for Men at 6d e .'."f > ° ! ra en Work are of opinion that the Burden should now be taken off as it at work." appears that the money for which it was laid on is now paid up." The Corporation seems to have extended, as indeed it was legally "King's bound to do, special consideration to discharged soldiers and sailors, whose services to their country were considered to entitle them to privileges on their return to civil life and industrial pursuits, and they were commonly known as the " King's Freemen." Naturally, the trades took care to protect themselves against imposture ; but, where the application was a genuine one, the rights of freemen were in all cases accorded. We may cite an instance of this supervision on the part of the officials of the craft — " At Mrs. Thomson's the nineteenth day of July one thousand seven hundred and ninty years . . . The committee appointed to enquire after such men as carry on a freemans trade under the pretext of being Kings Freemen having reported what they had done. The Meeting appointed the Clerk to Write to John Logan informing him that he must produce a certificate from the Navy on which he founds his title to carry on the trade also to write James M c farlan that he must produce evidence of his being a Soldiers Son and the Act of . Parliament whereby it will appear he is intitled to carry on his Business in the course of two Weeks from this date." The time allowed does not seem to have been sufficient, for, at the same change house, a fortnight later, we read in the Minutes as follows : — " The Meeting agree to allow Jas. M c farlan three weeks from this date to produce the Act of Parlt. upon which he Claims his freedom and the same time is allowed to John Logan." What we should perhaps consider "a storm in a tea-cup," arising from -A storm in an unseemly squabble between the collector and deacon over the custody a h fl\- « of a few shillings of a post-prandial collection, incidentally acquaints us with one of the till then unrecorded yet evidently regular and ordinary practices of these worthy craftsmen, and one which is still observed at the present time. Had it not been for the feeling raised through this incident, and the consequent petitions and appeals being entered in the Minutes, we should not have known of what seems to have been an annual joke which was repeated at every Lammas supper. This was the so-called "Deaconry Roup," of which we have the following account in the deacon's petition, dated 28th August, 1790: — 1 64 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. " As it was usual in that trade after the Lammas Court supper and a good part of the drink was over for the night, to roup what is called the Deaconry for the ensuing year, so the Petitioner followed the practice of his predecessors after the Lammas Court Supper in the last mentioned year and put the Deaconry up at roup — The meeting which was composed usually of the Deacon and Masters and such respectable Members as chused to attend happened to be pretty full and every person who inclined having given such an offer for the Deaconry as he thought proper, and the whole being collected into a half mutchkiu Stoup the money was then counted over for the purpose of being applied so far in paying the reckoning, being the manner in which in former times it had been always universally applied — a number of the Gentlemen having gone away it was found by those that continued that they had more money upon hand than they could well drink that night and therefor it was agreed that they should adjourn to a future night and have a glass which accordingly took place, but the money was neither that night committed to the peti- tioner or was it either in his pocket or at any time after in the smallest degree under his charge — Some of the persons however who were present at the Collection of the money but who did not happen to be witnesses of its condemnation at the adjourned meeting took offence at its being spent, and under the pretence of charitable wishes for the poor proposed at a meeting of the Deacon and Masters which trie Deacon and Masters agreed to and which the trade finally confirmed at a meeting consisting only of eighteen Members, that the petitioner should be obliged to make good that money and that it should go to the poor — the bare mention of such gross injustice was sufficient for the petitioners purpose in an appeal to the Trades House, who would perceive at once that the Petitioner could no more be made liable to the trade for that money, than for the whole Debt of the nation and that the Decreeing of the one was as iniquitous as if they had attempted the other, But secondly the Trade as such had no more business with the money that had been thus collected than they had with the Charitable Contributions at a Kirk door the money was collected entirely for Convivial purposes and no person had an interest in it but those who were present at the Lammass Court Supper, and the petitioner maintained that no majority of that meeting could compell the money to be given to the poor or to be applied to any other purpose than that for which it was collected." CHAPTER V. At the Trades Hospital. Statutory meetings, where held — The " Craftis Hospitall" — The ancient quarterly meetings — Lammas, its pagan origin — The regular business at that meeting: "Booking": " Quarterly accounts " — First reference to the Trades Hall — The Decree of Declarator of 1776—" Hallow" Court — Legislation— A specimen extract — The four acts of 1783— The master court's narrative — The opposition — Wilson and Cullen's petition — M'Lean, Barclay, Lumsden, and others' petition — Third petition by M'Gill and others — Fourth petition by Robert Buchanan and others — The master court's reply and defence — The tenor of the first Act— The proposed amendment — The tenor of the second Act— Robert Buchanan's protest — The tenor of the third Act— Additional clause — The tenor of the fourth Act — Amendment — " First Act made at last Hallow Court with the amendment as it now stands " — "Second Act approven of as it stands Booked of before" — "Third Act made at last Hallow Court with the amendment now made thereon " — " Fourth Act made at the last Hallow Court with the amendment thereon." Speaking generally, the statutory meetings of the hammermen were statutory held at the Trades Hospital or the Tron Kirk Session House, while meetln p» 1 ' wliere held. the master court met, as we have seen, in what we should call the public room or bar parlour of a small inn, or, as it was usually called in those days, a "change-house," the landlord being commonly known by the designation of change keeper or vintner. In the course of twenty years, from 1775 to 1794, out of the twenty annual Lammas meetings, seventeen were held at the first-named place (in four cases called by its other designation, the "Trades Alms House"), and three "at Glasgow," the three last named meetings being probably held at the Trades Hospital. A comparison of the extant records of the incorporation The "Craftis of the Glasgow weavers shows that the Trades Hospital, or the " Craftis Hos P ita "-" Hospitall," as it seems to have been commonly called in the seventeenth century, was also their regular place of meeting ; for out of seventeen cited instances, from 1663 to 1701, where the Minutes name the locality as well as the date, their deliberations appear to have been held there no fewer than fifteen times, the two other rendezvous being the " foir tour of the castell of Glasgow " (1665) ; and "the Tron Church of Glasgow" (1755). We may safely assume that the other crafts used the same place of resort. The average number of meetings of the incorporation of hammermen during the period 1775 to 1794 was fifteen annually. Of these, four were 1 66 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The ancient quarterly meetings. Lammas, its pagan origin. The regular business at that meeting. " Booking." " Quarterly accounts." First refer- ence to the Trades Hall. specially held at the ancient quarterly terms of Candlemas (2nd February) ; Beltane (ist May) ; Lammas (ist August) ; and Hallowmas or All Saints' Day (ist November). The most important of these meetings was that held at Lammas, in Anglo-Saxon times, the "Loaf-mass" (hlaf-m,x'sse or hlammaesse) festival, originally the festival of the wheat harvest, observed on the first of August, OS., corresponding to the thirteenth of that month in the modern calendar. It is supposed to have taken its name from the practice of offering first fruits at the service of the mass on that day, in the form of loaves of bread. It was, in fact, but the Christianized continuation of an ancient pagan usage in connection with the worship of the sun, as was also the case with the other old quarter days. The day and date of this annual meeting of the incorporation is, consequently, one of the most ancient survivals of immemorial tradition, and links up the earliest, almost pre- historic practice of the Saxon Trades Guild with that of the present day. So much for the date of the main meeting. Now as to the business transacted thereon. The first and most important item on these occasions was the formal admission of new members. These candidates were either young initiates or mature experts in their calling, the former being entered or " booked " as apprentices, the latter being accepted and admitted as fully qualified masters of their craft, entitled, as "freemen," to all the privileges of the craft guild. The second item of the proceedings was the collection of fees in connection with these admissions, and the receipt of the regular yearly contributions of members, known as the "quarterly accounts," from their having formerly been paid four times a year. Three weeks later, the next deacon was elected, and the week follow- ing the annual balance was struck, when the treasurer or "collector" was relieved of his year's duties or " discharged," and the balance in hand was paid to his then appointed successor. Other matters specially affecting the corporate interests of the incorporation seem often to have been reserved for these Lammas Court meetings. Thus we read that on the twenty-fifth day of August, 1775 — "The Meeting Authorize and Nominate the Collector Mr. Robert Miller and Baillie Mcqueoun a Committe for procureing a Board properly painted and put up in the Alms House to the Memory of the deceast James Dunlop Hammerman who left a Legacy of ten pounds Sterling for the behoof of the poor of the Incorporation." At the next Lammas Court (30th August, 1776), we find the first reference to the proposed Trades Hall. At the Lammas Court, 1777, "the Trade AT THE TRADES HOSPITAL. 167 agreed to allow five pounds Sterling further to be paid out of the Funds of the Trade towards the expence of building Rutherglen Bridge." Reference has already been made (p. 1 10) to the Decree of Declarator The Decree of 1776, which is preserved among the archives of the incorporation, and is ° f , 7 e ' 6 arator summarized in the Minutes of 25th September, 1778, in their Act anent the lodgement of the Notarial Copy, in 742 folio pages, by Alexander Tait, one of the Clerks of Session, of the "Decreet" which contained the finding of the " Lords of the Council " on these points, viz. : — ( 1 ) As to the unalter- able constitution of the Trades House as established by decree arbitral (Letter of Guildry, 1605) ; and (2) (a) As to the question of precedency ; and (b) as to the representation to that House. The order of precedence of the fourteen crafts constituting the Trades House was declared by the Decree to be as follows : — Hammermen, Tailors, Cordiners, Maltmen (the four premier crafts), Weavers, Baxters, Skinners, Wrights, Coopers, Fleshers, Masons, Gardeners, Barbers, and Bonnetmakers. (b) The first three crafts were held by force of custom or usage to be represented each by their deacon and five assistants, the maltmen by their visitor and five assistants, the weavers by their deacon and three assistants, the bonnetmakers (and dysters) by their deacon and one assistant, and the remaining crafts by their deacon and two assistants, amounting, in all, to fifty-four members. The deacon convener was to be annually elected by the Magistrates and Town Council, fourteen deacons and fourteen members of the Merchant House from a leet of three presented by the deacons and assistants ; the collector was to be chosen by the deacon convener, the deacons, and their assistants ; the trades bailie was to be one of the bailies of the city chosen annually out of the rank of tradesmen according to the sett of the burgh (and ex-officio, an extraordinary member of the said Trades House during his office). The extract decree was accepted and lodged in the box, and was to be available for the four leading crafts. At the Hallowmas, or "Hallow" Court following, this palladium of "Hallow" the rank and rights of the hammermen as the premier craft was thus our ' formally " lodged in the box." We may note in passing that the " Hallow Court " was the usual one Legislation. for the revision and enacting of new laws, and, consequently, in 1782, four acts were passed to the following effect : — (i) An act imposing a fine of five shillings (for the poor) for evading the payment of dues at Lammas. 168 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. A specimen extract. The four acts of 1783. The master court's narrative. (2) The burgess ticket designation of "hammermen" is not sufficient to qualify for office unless the holder has been bred up to a distinct branch of the hammermen craft, and has made a " sufficient " essay. (3) A master's omission to book and pay booking money for his apprentice at the earliest Lammas Court, involves a fine of five shillings and five shillings yearly till booked, and if the appren- tice is not booked before the expiry of his indenture, he cannot be booked thereafter. (4) Masters are prohibited from indenturing journeymen (so as to get the freedom) thus burdening the craft, none such are to be booked or admitted as freemen. A subsequent chapter will relate the main points of contact between the hammermen's policy and corporate action, and the conduct of public affairs ; but it may be interesting to append here a short account, based on the actual Minutes, of the litigation which resulted from these enactments, which caused offence in certain quarters, and gave rise to a series of petitions, appeals, etc. Perhaps the most important meeting which the hammermen ever held at the Trades Hospital, was that of the 29th of May, 1783, which was attended by nearly eighty members. At the preceding Hallows Court, four acts drawn up by the master court had been submitted to that meeting, and after full discussion, had been approved, passed, and engrossed in the Minutes, but these legislative measures had no sooner been adopted than a series of formal complaints and petitions was presented by certain members, who raised objections, assailing their validity and obligatory character on various grounds, as, for instance, that these bye-laws had emanated from one section of the master court without due consultation of the incorporation as a whole, or even of the deacon, and without their having been first duly submitted to the criticism of the craft for the usual period of three months before being voted upon. In vindication of their action, the master court presented a narrative of the facts, drawn up on the 1st of April, 1783, in the following terms : — " For some years past the Deacon and Masters found some of the Bye-laws very deficient to Remedy sundry abuses that had of late crept into the trade. The Hallow Court being the usual Court for reviseing and making New Laws. It was unanimously Resolved by the Deacon and Masters some months prior to last Hallows Court for to turn their thoughts towards frameing sundry Bye-laws such as to AT THE TRADES HOSPITAL. 169 Remedy the abuse that has much prevailed of late of not paying up Quarter Accompts Booking Journeymen and Apprentices at Lammass Court ; also that Office Bearers should be regularly bred to some Branch of the trade conform to the Trades original Constitution. This had become necessary because of late years some weavers and others had taken out their Burges tickets hammermen and likeways that men acting as Journeymen and Booked in the Trades Books as such should not be taken as Apprentices a second time with a view to give them the Freedom of the City. Agreeable to the foirsaid Resolution sundry of the Masters did turn their thoughts towards frameing a scroll of heads for the above purpose and at a full meeting of the Deacon and Masters (James Stephen excepted) held in James Cullens for the purpose of prepareing matters for the Court when sundry of the Masters produced papers they had drawn up and from these papers the Deacon and whole Masters spent a great deal of time to form the Bye Laws complained of which after being done, the Bye Laws were read deliberately twice Act by Act, and were unani- mously agreed to without a dissenting voice. And thereafter signed by the Deacon in presence of the Masters and who was ordained to lay the same before the Trade at large at the publick Court called Hallow Court and at the Court the Clerk produced these bye laws with the Masters report which was argued upon by sundry of the members and even by some of these very members who sign the Petition and the same was passed into a Law by the Incorporation at the Trades publick Court unanimously. This being the truth respecting the progress of Bringing forward these bye Laws into maturity. The Deacon and Masters cannot conceive how anyone could be rash enough to say that these Bye Laws were only the production of a part of the Master Court. It now becomes necessary for the Deacon and Masters to say that in bringing forward these Laws they had nothing in view but the good of the Incorporation at large and the funds thereof, the operation of these laws if injurious must cut equally severe against the Deacon and Masters as against the other members of the trade at large. The next Hallow Court will afford an oppor- tunity for the trade to reconsider the same should the operation of these Bye Laws from experience be productive of any grievance by Petition to the Deacon and Masters a few weeks prior so as the same may be Constitutionally brought before the Trade for their Revisal. And in the interim any of the members who wants to see these Acts complained of may apply to the Deacon or if Extracts is Barred the 170 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Clerk has received directions to make such out. Thus the Deacon and Masters have thought proper to put the Incorporation in possession of the foregoing facts that all Concerned may be able to Judge for them- selves, signed by the Deacon at a meeting of the whole Masters. [Signed] "James Craig, Deacon." The This defence was answered by a paper subscribed by John Wilsone opposition. and j ames Cullen, dated 12th May, 1783, regretting— Wilson and "that their Petition of the nth of March last should have caused so petition. much trouble to the Deacon and Masters of the trade as they neither expected or intended they should be at the pains to give a vindication of their Conduct in regard to the New Laws proposed by them (for they the subscribers are still of opinion several things quite necessary are wanting before they can be laws obligatory on the members of the trade). All the Petitioners craved expected or aimed at was to get a meeting of the trade summon'd on purpose to examine into the Regulations of the Incorporation anent making of Bye Laws and if it shall then appear to the meeting that the Deacon and Masters have conformed themselves to those Regulations in making these Laws all is right and they will be deemed effectual for the purposes intended. But if on the other hand it shall be found that these regulations have not been complied with Let each intended Law be distinctly read and proposed and if after lying the proper time they shall be agreed to by the trade and approved of by the Deacon Convener and the Trades House then and not till then let them be engrossed in the Books of the Incorporation and have full force." M'Lean, This was followed by another paper signed by Neil M'Lean, John Lumsden, Barclay, James Lumsden, and others, dated 24th May, 1783, of the and others' following tenor: — petition. " Unto the Deacon and Masters of the Incorporation of Hammer- men of Glasgow the subscribers members of the said Incorporation having heard that there has been of late some oversights or bad prac- tices crept into the Incorporation which you would do well to take particular care of and put a stop to, viz., Booking Apprentices who is not bound to any one branch of the Hammermen trade particularly at last Lammass Court. Mr. Michael Bogle merchant and a Penticle of the trade had an Apprentice Booked to serve his time as a Plumber which has no manner of Connection with the hammermen trade, and Mr. Bogle has partners in said Plumber Business who are not entered AT THE TRADES HOSPITAL. 171 with the said Incorporation. Mr. Bogle might as well Cause Book one of his Pantyle or Wright Apprentices therefore his Booking money ought to be returned and said Booking rescinded. Also We think it is very right, and do hereby approve of that Act of the trade deterring all members of the trade from bearing office in said trade in all time coming who are not bred to some one or other of the branches of the trade, and who can make a sufficient Essay." This was accompanied by a paper signed by James M'Gill, John Third peti- Buchanan, John Dallas, and others, and dated 17th May, 1783, stating that m>gu] and they had been others - "informed that sundry Members of the Incorporation some Working Members and some Penticles are taking steps for obtaining an altera- tion of the Original Constitution of the Hammermen Trade Contrary to the Antient practice of said Incorporation," and it continues — " We the subscribers all regularly bred to some of the branches contained in the Charter of the Incorporation hereby Sollicit the Deacon and Masters to take Care and prevent any innovation or alteration with respect to the ancient usage and practice of the Incor- poration and also whatever Bye Laws have been Regularly made for the good Government of the trade shall be strictly observed until I their operation points out to the Trade at large Reasons why such Acts should be Rescinded and such Rescindment done by a voice of the Trade mett at hallow Court that being the proper Court foi Reviseing, making or Rescinding the Bye Laws of the Incorporation." Still another petition signed by Robert Buchanan, John Smith, Archd. Fourth peii- Watson, Thos. Hamilton, and others, and dated 16th April, 1783, runs as r^^ follows : — Biu-hanan " Unto the Honourable the Deacon and Masters of the Hammer- men trade, Glasgow, The Petition of the undermentioned Members humbly sheweth that We and a great number of the Members of this Incorporation of the Hammermen trade have of late been informed of sundrie Acts which was made at the last Hallowday Court 1782 the nature of which Acts We are entirely ignorant of We your Petitioners with many others of this Incorporation do crave that a general meetim; of this Incorporation be called and that it be intimated to the members purposely so that those Acts may be audibly and distinctly read and explained so as none may Plead ignorance and when considered and and others. 172 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. found reasonable for the good of this Comunity let them be continued or if found otherwise let them be Rescinded. Likewise it is the desire of us your Petitioners with many others of this Incorporation that the mode of making out the Leets for Collector which was of use and wont to the Deacon Nominateing a Man the Collector a Man and the Masters a Man but the Trade had it always in their power to approve or disapprove of the Man Nominate by the Masters. But the Trades power in that particular have of late been rejected and impaired and taken from them we therefore your petitioners with many others of this Incorporation Do crave that the Trade in generall be warned Likewise for this purpose so that every Member may be at Liberty to give his Sentiment and have that dispute settled so that there may be no disturbance or cause of Arguments on the day of Election is the wish and desire of your Fellow Members and Petitioners." The master The deacon and masters, in reply to these charges and complaints, and defence continue their defence by declaring that — "in frameing the foresaid four Acts for the Consideration of the Trade mett at the Hallow Court had nothing in view but the good of the Incorporation at large and the benefits of the Funds thereof and it is their Earnest wish while these two objects are kept in view never to bring anything into a Law that in the smallest degree can operate to the injury of any Individual of the Trade. At first making of Laws for the correcting of any Evil that exists in Society these Laws them- selves from their operation may be found to be productive of other Evils experience alone can point out the errors of such Laws. The Deacon and Masters from carefully peruseing the foresaid Acts passed at Hallow Court and carefully weighing every circumstance therein contained and compareing them with the Complaints of the Individuals that have gone abroad they think proper to submitt the following The tenor Amendments for the Consideration of the Meeting — In the first Act oHhe first whereof the tenor follows At a Court held in the Tron Kirk Session House of Glasgow the twenty ninth day of November Jai viic and eighty two years Convened James Craig Deacon most part of the Masters and a few of the other members of the Incorporation the whole having been previously Warned as was verified by James Robertson Officer to the Trade the said day the meeting considering that there are sundry members of the Hammermen trade in this City who in manifest contempt of the Acts of the Trade delay paying up their quarter accompts apprentice and Journeymens Booking moneys AT THE TRADES HOSPITAL. 173 at the Lammass Court purposely to evade being put upon the qualified Roll and of consequence rendered themselves unqualified to Vote or be voted upon in terms of former Acts of the Trade and by that means are exempted from the burden of bearing Office in the Trade although they may be of easy circumstances and can afford to bear office better than a number of the members who bear office on which Account the trade loses the benefits of such worthy members their good services and are sometimes at a loss for a sufficient number of good Members to bear burden as office Bearers and take charge of the Funds belong- ing to the Incorporation. For remeid whereof in time coming be it enacted as it is hereby enacted and Declared that if any member of this Incorporation in time coining shall neglect refuse or delay to pay up at the Lammass Court yearly the whole quarter Accompts Appren- tices and Journeymens Booking moneys or any other Annual Debts due by him to this Incorporation shall forfeit the sum of five shillings sterling money to be applied for behooff .of the Poor of the said trade and over and above the sums due to the Incorporation. And the Deacon and Collector of the trade for the time being are hereby authorized to commence and follow forth Processes against the Contraveners of this Act before the Court competent for recovery of said sum betwixt Lammass Court and the Deacons Chooseing annually — In this Act the following Amendment is proposed, vizt, That in The proposed place of the fine being five shillings the Deacon and Masters think amendment- one shilling, one shilling and sixpence, or two shillings may be suffi- cient, the fine at making the Law was meant to compell compliance by the Ritch and not meant as a hardship on the Poor — The Court agreed to the following state of the Vote Approve with the amendment that the fine is to be one shilling in place of five shillings, or Rescind and the Roll being called and votes marked it carried. Approve with the amendment seventy four members having voted approve with the Amendment and only two members for Rescinding the Act. Follows the second Act of the tenor underwritten. The said twenty ninth day The tenor of November Jai viic and eighty two years the meeting also consider- wthe second ing that there are sundry members of this Incorporation who altho not bred up to any branch of the Craft yet notwithstanding have thought proper in their Burgess tickets to design themselves Hammermen with a view to their becoming office Bearers in the Trade. For remeid whereof It is enacted that no member of this Incorporation in time coming notwithstanding he may be designed Hammerman in his Burgess ticket and has made a formal Essay shall be qualified to be a 174 Till'. HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Robert Buchanan's protest. The tenor of the third Act. Additional clause. Candidate for bearing the Office of Collector Deacon or Master in this Incorporation unless such member has been regularly bred up to a distinct branch or branches of the Hammermen Craft and has made a good and sufficient Essay demonstrative of his knowledge of such Branch or Branches of the Craft — What lead the Deacon and Masters to the Frameing of this Act was that some Weavers and others had obtained their tickets under the denomination of Hammermen altho not professionally Hammermen and of course unable either to make proper Essays or be Judges of proper Essays. And in order more fully to explain this Act reference is hereby had to an Act of the Incorporation dated twenty eight September mdcc and twenty two also to another Act of the Trade dated tenth March mdcc and fifty seven — The Court agreed to the following State of the Vote upon the above mentioned second Act Approve of the 2nd Act as it stands Booked or Rescinded and the Roll being called and Votes marked it carried. Approve of .the s d Act as it stands booked by a great Majority of Votes, forty nine members having voted Approve and only twenty six Rescind. Whereupon Robert Buchanan Plumber entered a protest in his own name and in name of those who should adhere to him and appealed to the Convener's house for redress and took Instru- ments in the hands of the Clerk to the Trade. Follows the third Act made at Hallow Court last. The said day it is enacted that if a Master shall neglect or refuse to cause book his Apprentice and pay his Booking money at the first Lammas Court after he is bound he shall be fined in the sum of five shillings Sterling over and besides the Apprentice's Booking money also in the like sum of five shillings Sterling further for each year thereafter he neglects or refuses to pay up said Booking money. And after the Indenture expires the Apprentice cannot be booked. And it is Recommended to the Clerk to insert a Clause to this effect in all Indentures wrote by him in time coming and the Officer is to give the members Warning in view of this Act eight days before the Lammass Court Annually as usual — The Leading motives of the third Act was to compell a regular Booking of Apprentices but upon a Reconsideration the Deacon and Masters are of opinion that the disagreeable Idea of a fine may be effectually supplied by the Apprentice Booking money being paid into the Clerk at signing the Indentures And the Master of the Apprentice delivering in the Indentures to the Deacon and Masters at their meeting the night prior to Lammas Court for them to consider how far the branch or Branches such Apprentice is Bound to entitles him AT THE TRADES HOSPITAL. 175 to be booked for the freedom of the Trade by the Laws and Regula- tions thereof. And if the Apprentice is found not entitled to be booked the money to be returned back to him by the Clerk. And the foregoing third Act and amendment thereon above written being read over in presence of the Court the meeting unanimously approved of the foresaid third Act and Amendment thereon without a Vote. Follows the fourth Act made at the last Hallow Court. The said day The tenor the meeting considering that a prentice has of late crept in whereby Act some of the members of this Incorporation have entered into Inden- tures with old Journeymen solely with a view to intitle such Journey- men to the Freedom of this trade while at the same time their Masters were paying them full Journeymen's Wages during the time of their Apprenticeship and by this means get their freedom with the Trade as having served Apprenticeships whereby such Journeymen and their Family's may become a burden on the trade of their Incorporation. Therefore and for preventing whereof in time coming It is enacted that no Member of this Incorporation shall have it in his power by Entering into Indentures with a Journeyman or any Man who has learned his Trade or has formerly served as an Apprenticeship (with a view) to give such Journeyman the Freedom of the Trade nor shall such Journeyman be booked as an Apprentice nor receive any Freedom of said Trade by any such Indenteres. " The motive that suggested the Fourth Act was to prevent people after having Learned their Trade and whose situation in Life offered them not the least prospect of ever becoming Masters being taken of New as Apprenticis tho in part Acting as Journeymen. However as the Act passed is not so distinct in point of time as could be wished the following amendment may not be improper. " That no man who hath passed the age of twenty five years and Amendment, who formerly had served an Apprenticeshipp shall be allowed to be again taken bound as an Apprentice of New for his Freedom. And the foregoing fourth Act and amendment thereon above written being read over in presence of the Court the Court unanimously approved of the foresaid fourth Act with the Amendment thereon without a Vote being asked or given. Thereafter the latter part of the Petition signed by the said Robert Buchanan and others respecting the Mode of the Masters putting out a third Man upon the Leet for Collector was taken into Consideration and reference had to a Decision of the Convener's House upon the eighteenth day of October mdcc and eighty anent the election of James Craig as Collector which decision 176 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. •• First Act made at last Hallow Court with the amendment as it now stands." " Second Act approven of as it stands Booked of before." was read to the Court and being perfectly in point against the said Petition The Court Acquiesced in the present practice which has been uniform for time immemorial. Follows the four Acts above mentioned made at hallow Court last as they now stand with the amendments, made upon them at a full meeting of the Trade held upon the twenty ninth day of May mdec and eighty three years. "The said day the Meeting Considering That there are sundry Members of the Hammerman Trade in this City who in manifest contempt of the Acts of the Trade delay paying up their Quarter Accoinpts Apprentice and Journeymens Booking moneys at the Lammass Court purposely to evade being put upon the Qualified Roll and of consequence render themselves unqualified to Vote or be Voted upon in terms of former Acts of the Trade and by that means are exempted from the burden of bearing office in the trade altho they be of easy Circumstances and can afford to bear office better than a number of the members who bear office on which account the Trade loses the benefit of such worthy members their good Services and are sometimes at a loss for a sufficient number of good members to bear burden as Office Bearers and take Charge of the funds belonging to the Incorporation. For remeid whereof in time coming be it Enacted as it is hereby Enacted and Declared That if any Member of this Incorporation in time coming shall neglect refuse or delay to pay up at the Lammass Court yearly the whole quarter Accoinpts Appren- tice's and Journeymens Booking moneys or any other annual Debts due by him to this Incorporation shall forfeit the sum of One Shilling sterling money to be applied for behooff of the Poor of the said trade and over and above the sums due to the Incorporation. And the Deacon and Collector of the Trade for the time being are hereby authorized to commence and follow forth Processes against the Con- traveners of this Act before the Court competent for recovery of said sum betwixt Lammas Court and the Deacons chooseing annually. The said day the Meeting also Considering that there are sundry members of this Incorporation who altho not bred up to any branch of the Craft yet notwithstanding have thought proper in their Burgess Tickets to design themselves hammermen with a view to their becoming Office Bearers in the Trade. For remeid whereof It is Enacted that no Member of this Incorporation in time coming Notwithstanding he may be designed Hammerman in his Burgess Ticket and has made a formal Essay shall be qualified to be a Candidate for bearing the office of Collector Deacon or Master of the Incorporation unless such AT THE TRADES HOSPITAL. 177 Member has been regularly bred up to a distinct Branch or Branches of the Hammerman Craft and has made a good and sufficient Essay Demonstrative of his knowledge of such Branch or Branches of the Craft. The said Day It is Enacted That in time coming the Booking "Third Act ..... iia • 1 1 <■! made at last money of all Indentures whereby Apprentices are bound to any of the Hallow Court Members of this Incorporation for their freedom with the trade shall wlttl the r amendment be paid into the Clerk to the Incorporation at the time of signing the now made- Apprentices Indentures and the Clerk is hereby authorized and em- lereon - powered to uplift and receive the same, And the Master of the Apprentice shall be obliged in time coming before the Indenture be Booked to deliver in and produce the same to the Deacon and Masters at their meeting held the night prior to the first Lambmass Court after the Indentures are subscribed that the Deacon and Masters may see the same and consider how far the Branch or Branches each Apprentice is bound to will intitle him to be Booked for his Freedom with the Trade by the Laws and Regulations thereof. And if the Apprentice shall be found not intitled to be Booked the Booking money is to be returned back to him by the Clerk. The said day the "Fourth Act meeting considering that a practice has of late crept in whereby some ] ast Hallow of the Members of this Incorporation have entered into Indentures ^ n,lrt wit h with old Journeymen solely with a view to intitle such Journeymen to ment the freedom of this Trade while at the same time their Masters were tnereon - paying them full Journeymen's Wages during the time of their Apprenticeship and by this means get their freedom with the trade as having served their apprenticeship whereby such Journeymen and their Familys may become a Burden on the Funds of this Incorpora- tion therefore and for preventing whereof in time coming It is Enacted that no Members of this Incorporation shall have it in his power to enter into Indentures with any person who is above twenty five years of age and who formerly hath served an Apprenticeship to any Branch of the Hammerman Business with a view to give such person the freedom of the trade nor shall such person be Booked as an Apprentice in the Trades Books nor receive the freedom of the Trade in conse- quence of such Indentures if entered into. [Signed] " JAMES CRAIG, Deacon." CHAPTER VI. At the Session House. The Laigh Kirk Session House— The rebellion in America— The "Four Acts" passed — Printing and distribution of " Acts " — Probable average attendance — Journeymen's strike for shorter hours — Its ultimate issue — Proposed Royal Visitation of the University — Importation of meal and grain — The Magistrates' intromissions — Proposed erection of infirmary — Borough Reform supported by the incorporation— The Gorbal lands— A profitable investment — The deacon insulted -Defender acquitted — The case of Andrew Peacock— The final verdict— The Glasgow Police Bill (1792) rejected. The Laigh Kirk Session House. The rebellion in America. The " Acts' Four passed WHILE the Trades Hospital or Alms House, was the place of meeting for the more important assemblies of the hammermen, much of their domestic legislation seems to have been transacted at the Tron, or Laigh Kirk Session House. Thus, for example, we find them drawing up two bye- laws, or " Acts," as they were called, at a meeting held there on the 28th November, 1777, one with reference to the dues to be paid for indenturing apprentices, and the other explanatory of the "Act" of the 25th November, 1768, which dealt with the writing out of their indentures ; and on the last day of that year at the same place, £200 of the Trades' funds were patriotically devoted towards the cost of raising a battalion of volunteers to aid in the suppression of the rebellion in America. There, too, on the 9th June, 1781, the election of James Robertson as trade's officer in succession to the deceased William Todd took place, while the previous decision and sentence of the deacon and masters with regard to the "classing" of a member was confirmed by a general meeting of the crafts on the 23rd November of the same year. A year later, however, we find the member was restored to his privileges, and the " Four Acts " referred to in the preceding chapter were then passed : — the first inflicting a fine of five shillings, to be devoted to the poor, on those members who evaded their Lammas payment; the second determining that the designa- tion of "hammerman" in a burgess ticket is not sufficient to qualify a member of the craft for office-bearing unless he be bred up to a distinct branch or branches of the hammermen's craft, and have made a sufficient "Essay" ; the third imposing a fine of five shillings on every master who AT THE SESSION HOUSE. 179 omitted to book and pay "booking money" for his apprentice at the first Lammas Court thereafter, and an annual additional fine of five shillings yearly till he was booked, which booking must be made before the expiry of his indenture, else the apprentice could not be booked ; and the last prohibiting all masters from indenturing journeymen so as to get them the freedom of the craft, as such a practice burdened the incorporation conse- quently none such were to be booked, or if they were booked, were to be admitted as freemen. On the same occasion, it was decided to print and distribute an Printing and . r . .. a ,. r . 1 1 .1 i- ( .1 distribution abstract of the existing "Acts of the trade, under the direction of the f "Acts." deacon and masters, copies to be distributed to members at cost price. On the 28th February, 1783, a meeting at the Tron Kirk Session House discussed the draft of two Parliamentary Bills — the first extending the Royalty of the city of Glasgow, regulating the police, appointing watchmen, etc. ; and the second imposing additional pontage on the old and new bridges, when they expressed their conviction "that the Magistrates should take bound the outlying Feuars, that is those whose feus were not within the Royalty, not to oppose any Parliamentary bill for extending the Royalty in case necessity should ever arise to apply for such an extension." At the same time, they gave it as their decided opinion that the proposed police regulations were entirely unnecessary. We learn incidentally the number present at a general meeting of the craft from the record of the vote taken in the Tron Kirk Session House on the 5th December of the last named year, when thirty-seven voted to amend, and four to continue an " Act" passed two years previously. From this we gather that there were between forty and fifty members Probable present, and this we may assume was probably the average attendance at Attendance their general meetings. At the next general meeting in the same place, on 23rd February, 1784, we read of the deacon being instructed to sign an address to the King, and an address of thanks to be presented to those who had called the meeting in the Trades House for the purpose of preparing that loyal testimonial. At the Hallow Court held there that year, we find the hammermen journey- taking measures to deal with the combination of their journeymen to stop pj strike work at seven, instead of eight o'clock in the evening, and at six instead of hours, eight on Saturdays. "The deacon and masters having considered the petition of the committee for crushing and suppressing it," asking the craft to ratify their proceedings, to reappoint them along with additional numbers to relieve their distresses i8o THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Its ultimate issue. Proposed Royal Visitation of the University. "incurred in the common interest and lastly in consequence (i.e.) of the Act of tie trade 1748 to authorize the Collector to deburse the expence of the various steps of procedure above mentioned from the funds in his hands. The Deacon and Masters having considered this petition and taken it into their most serious Consideration Do unani- mously express their abhorrence and detestation of the Combinations therein mentioned and approve of the Measures taken by the Com- mittee . . . are of opinion that the Trade should authorize the Clerk to form an Advertisement to be insert in the News papers describing the members of the Combination and offering a reward of one Guinea for apprehending and imprisoning each of them to be paid on Conviction of the Delinquents." Whether these measures had the desired effect, or not, we do not learn from the next Minutes. The probability, therefore, is that the protest and appeal made at the time against "voting or paying away any of the Trades funds for the purposes mentioned in the Deliverance and the foregoing petitions," although unanimously rejected, may have had the effect subsequently of stopping further legal action. For the sequel we have to turn to the record of the next Hallow Court, when the Act of 1748 was rescinded, so far as it related to " Journeymen working from six of the Clock in the morning till eight O'Clock at night. . . . And in time coming it is to be understood that the Members of the Trade are to be at liberty to employ their Journeymen to work for what number of Hours in the day they and their Journeymen can best agree." The next meetings of the hammermen at the Tron Kirk were occupied with the consideration of a petition of the Trades House "Craving a Royal Visitation of the University or College of Glasgow when it was agreed to put the following State of a Vote to the Members present, vizt, Adjourn the farder Consideration of the matter sine die or not adjourn And the Roll being called and Votes marked it was carried by a Majority of one vote to Adjourn the Meeting sine die!' At the following Hallow Court held in the same place, the Act imposing 6d. (a week) on working journeymen was formally rescinded. At a general meeting held there on the 1st October, 1786 — AT THE SESSION HOUSE. 181 "the late Deacon William Lang was by a majority of 12 Votes declared not guilty of a breach of the Act of 1748 and therefore assoilzied from the Process of John Wilsone, etc." On the 3 1st September, 1786, a general meeting of the craft expressed their approval of an Act of the Trades House embodying "Resolutions made by the Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures Importation in Glasgow against an intended plan for altering the present Law jLjJjn" 1 an respecting the importation of Meal and Grain into Scotland." On the 20th February, 1787, we find a general meeting confirming the decision of the master's court "to apply to Parliament to bring in a Bill for the better regulating the The A I Ji""i strifes election of the Town Council of Glasgow and the obtaining a System intromissions of Laws for regulating the Magistrates and Town Council's Intro- missions with the publick Funds." The day before the Lammas Court of 1787, the hammermen met in Proposed the Tron Kirk Session House to consider an Act of the Trades House infirmary with reference to the proposed erection of a public infirmary, "mentioning that the members of the Trades House thought that one year's interest of their Capital Stock was a proper sum to subscribe towards the expence of Erecting and Endowing a publick Infirmary in Glasgow. But as the powers of the Members of the House extended only to the annual Management They did not consider themselves authorized to Vote away that sum without the concurrence of the different Incorporations and the House thereby referred this matter to each of the Incorporations for their approbation. The Meeting taking the foresaid Act of the House into their consideration Approved and hereby aprove of what the Trades House have done in this matter and unanimously agree that this Incorporation subscribe the sum of one hundred and twenty pounds Sterling to pay out of the means and common stock belonging to the Incorporation and ordains the Deacon to subscribe the same." When the hammermen next met at the Tron Kirk Session House, on the 17th January, 1788, it was to confirm the previous mastery {i.e., master) court's vote " to pay £20 out of the Trade's Stock towards carrying on the General Borough Reform of the Burroughs of Scotland and to approve of the Trades supported House giving X20 for the above purpose." by the 00 r r incorporation 182 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The Gorbal lands. A profitable investment. The deacon insulted. Defender acquitted. The case of Andrew Peacock. The final verdict. In the year 1788, we meet a reference to the Gorbal lands, of which the incorporation had, in 1650, purchased seven of the hundred and eight " lots" or shares allocated to the Trades House and ten of the other crafts. On the 18th November, 1788, the master court had decided that "a division of the Gorbel Barrony Lands be made in terms of the Report of the Committee contained in an Extract Act of the Trades House of 12th August current," and, two days later, at the Hallow Court, it was unani- mously resolved "that a Division of the Surface of the Gorbal Lands in so far as they are interested therein be made in terms of the Report." This investment, as already mentioned (p. 97) proved a very profitable one, as it now returns annually about 300 per cent, of the purchase money. It is seldom that the records of the hammermen relate any instance of the deacon being insulted while occupied in the discharge of his presi- dential duties. But one such collision occurred in 1789, when the deacon of that year was publicly assailed in the most injurious terms by a former deacon, and, in consequence, appealed to the incorporation for redress in accordance with the Act of 8th November, 1633, which ordained that " if any person Blaspheme or in any sort abuse the Deacon whatsom- ever in his office in time coming either in Court or out of Court before his face or behind his back the party doers of the same being tryed shall be repute perjured and obliges him never to bear office thereafter." As the meeting held in the Tron Kirk Session House on the 6th April, 1789, by a majority of fifty-one votes to five, found the defender not guilty, it would appear that the offence had been committed under grave provoca- tion, and as the respondent alleged, the petitioner must have been the first aggressor, and so had himself to blame for the retaliatory altercation and vituperation. In fact, it appears that the deacon had excited considerable resentment by his conduct in connection with a petition for charitable relief presented by a poor blind cutler of the name of Andrew Peacock, who, it was asserted, had been forcibly carried away against his will and otherwise maltreated to the effusion of blood on the occasion of the deacon's election, and who was asked to abandon the process then depending before the sheriff of Lanark against the deacon for this assault, as otherwise he would receive no support out of the funds of the trade. Although the deacon protested and appealed against this decision to the Trades House for redress, the subsequent Minutes give no clue as to the immediate sequel of this fracas. The final issue of the business is, however, apparently to be found in the Minutes of the Hallow Court held on Friday, 27th AT THE SESSION HOUSE. 183 November, 1789, when the report of the committee appointed a month earlier "to examine the Minutes entered in the Trades sederunt book since the deacons choosing Iaiviic and eighty eight and see if they are regularly entered . . . having been considered by the Trade they unanimously came to the following Resolutions, viz.: — 1st. That a Minute ought to be recorded stating that the reasons of protest in the case of Andrew Peacock was irregularly inserted and which ought not to have been recorded until the matter appealed had been discussed by the Trade. 2dly. When the appeal was brought before the Trade the Trade ordered these papers in Peacock's case to be Recorded of course the protest and reasons of protest fell to the ground by the decision of the trade. 3dly. That as these reasons of protest continued matter against whicht the trade Decerned, they are in all time coming to be deemed no part of the Records.'' At the same time, the distribution of some two or three pounds "to the poor of the trade," was decided by a majority of fourteen votes to four. For the next five years the venue of the general meetings of the craft The Glasgow is almost given as "at Glasgow," one exception being on the 23rd April, TfjyS ' 1792, when the Glasgow Police Bill was under discussion, and finally rejected, rejected, the Minute of the general meeting which followed that of the master court being drawn up in these terms : — "The Trade . . . unanimously approved of said minute of the Master Court, whereby it is declared that a Bill is not necessary, for establishing a Plan of Police, as the Magistrates have already by different Acts of Parliament sufficient power for establishing a most effectual Police by dividing the City into Wards and appointing Superintentants whom they have right to nominate special Constables with all the powers known to belong to that most useful office — by continuing the Patrole of Citizens, to which duty the Citizens have so cheerfully submitted for the public good — and by paying more atten- tion to the Character of those to whom they give out Licences for retailing Liquors . . . they also appoint that part of the fores d Minute containing the sentiments of the Trade respecting the Police Bill to be inserted in the Glasgow Newspapers." The hammermen met for the last time in the Laigh Kirk Session House on 14th December, 1792, when Deacon Dun stated 1 84 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. "that he had called the Incorporation together by an order from the Conveeners house that they might give their Sentiments upon the present measures of the times which agitate publick opinion, and the meeting unanimously came to the following resolutions — " ist. We declare unanimously that we admire and revere the British Constitution as fixed at the Glorious revolution in 1688 and will to the utmost of our power give every aid and assistance to support the same. " 2nd. We farther declare that We with the greatest indignation reprobate every Libellous or seditious publication that tends to disturb the piece of Society or unhinge the present Constitution as vested in King Lords and Commons at the same time where we see writings of merrit tending to enlighten mankind and improve Society we think the authors intitled to the good Countainance of the Comunity. " 3rd. We farther declare that if tumult or riot happens in the City we will attend the Magistrates and use every exertion in our power to prevent and suppress same but we are happy to say that not the least Symptoms of Mob or riot in these times has hitherto made the smallest appearance in this City and appoints the Deacon to sign these Resolutions." Before the date of their next meeting, the customary scene of their Hallow Court legislations was already a thing of the past and gone for ever ; for on the 8th February, 1793, an alarming incident occurred in the city. "This was the destruction of the Laigh Kirk by fire, supposed to have arisen from the carelessness of some persons there on guard ; the Session House being at that time used by the citizens as a guard room. Unluckily the damage was not confined to the destruction of the church. The records of the General Session lodged there were entirely consumed, and the register of the proceedings of the Presbytery greatly injured." ' 1 Chronicles of St. Mwngo, or Antiquities and Tradition* of Glasgow: Glasgow, 1843, p. 278. CHAPTER VII. At the "Black Bull Inn." "Change house" and "inn" — The Black Bull Inn and its rivals — Its origin — Craft business at the Black Bull— A relic of the past—" Sederunt Book No. 2 "—The Black Bull a typical Georgian inn — Items of interest — A summons of " furth-coming " — A process of "multiplepoinding" — A scribal joke -Common offences — New roll of members, 1796 — "Charge and discharge" replaced by "Dr. and Cr." — A disputed vote -Changes and innovations — A "rail road" — The missing Minute Book — Brod money — Packing and peeling— Only three jewellers in Glasgow in 1S08— A lady member of the incorporation — The Perth hammermen — A King's freeman — The iron chest — Aid to the coopers' craft — The hammermen of Irvine — The first honorary member, 1S22 — The burgess ticket — Free coffins for deceased poor members — The first " lining " in London Street — The Langside banner — Hammerman arms on silver medals— The gold seal of the incorporation— Death of Mr. Lindsay, the clerk — Mr. Hugh Moncrieff his successor — Special relief of the poor in 1S26 — The Asylum for the Blind — Generous gifts — Hutcheson's Bridge, 1829 — "Inn" replaced by "writing rooms" — Membership, etc., in 1831 — Glasgow Bridge, 1S33 — The Municipal Bill, 1836 — A defaulting collector — Gartnavel Asylum, 1842. As the old name of "change house" gave place to that of "inn," so the "Change landlord's designation of "change keeper" died out by degrees, the last h° use ,', and instance of it in the hammermen's records occurring in the end of 1789, the first year of the French Revolution. But the name of "vintner" survived in them for another decade or so, the last observed instance of " my host Boniface" being so called bearing the date of 6th June, 1805. For about half a dozen years before the close of the century it became The Black more general to indicate the place of meeting as such and such an inn, Bull Inn and itsriviils tavern, or hotel. In the first decade of the nineteenth century the most popular rendezvous of the master court was the famous Black Bull Inn, in Argyle Street. From the Minutes we see that the deacon and masters met there, in the ten years from the 27th October, 1806, to 13th August, 1816, fifty-four times, which is oftener than they met at all the other taverns of the town, some thirty in number, put together, two exceptions being the Prince of Wales Tavern, which enjoyed a year's popularity, from July, 179S, as did the Nile Tavern ten years later. This latter name was probably given in commemoration of Nelson's victory on the 2nd August, 1 86 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Its origin. Craft business at the Black Bull. A relic of the past. 1798. The only serious rival, indeed, of this hostelry was the Swan Tavern in Princes Street, which succeeded the Black Bull in securing the lion's share of the hammermen's patronage. This former "trysting place," as we have seen, was frequented for the decade beginning 1806 ; the latter had its vogue from the 2nd June, 1814, a year before Waterloo, to the 27th December, 1825, by which time the Caledonian Inn seems to have become the favourite resort of the deacons and masters, although another tavern in Princes Street, known simply by the name of its owner, James Gardner, as was the former usage, presented rival attractions to those of the Swan, while the Eagle, in Maxwell Street, shared to a lesser extent for seven years, from 18 16, in the custom of the deacons' court. But the Black Bull, like the older Saracen's Head in the Gallowgate, is a name so intimately associated with the history of Glasgow during the Georgian period that it may fairly be taken as the type and representative of the successors of the " change houses " in eighteenth-century Glasgow. The former, built about 1761 by the Glasgow Highland Society opposite a small thatched drovers' inn whose business and name it took over, marked then the extreme boundary of the city on the west, as the latter did in the east. As the Saracen's Head stood beside the East Port, the Black Bull, between what are now Virginia and Glassford Streets and facing the cattle market held at the Stockwell-head in the open roadway (later called Argyle Street), was just outside the old West Port. In the usually brief and formal records contained in the folio pages of their old Sederunt Books, we have the evidence of the faithful zeal with which those " cabinet ministers " of the craft confined their attention to its purely domestic affairs, only trenching on outside matters when the action of other corporations affected their own, or when, at some crisis in the national history, they responded, as generously as their means would permit, to the city's appeal for sympathy and financial support. We cannot help wishing that the graphic pen of Scott had given us a picture, like those other scenes of Glasgow life which he has portrayed, for example, in the pages of Rob Roy, of one of those evening meetings of the worthy deacon and masters of the old-time hammermen in the candle- lit parlour of the Black Bull Inn, "at the head of the Stockwell." Occasionally we come across a relic of the past, which confronts us with the actuality of these vanished scenes, in the shape of minute quill shavings that have lodged between the quires, and indicate how the scribe had, at that juncture, stopped to mend his pen ; for this, we must remember, AT THE "BLACK BULL INN." 187 was long before the days of Gillot and Macniven. Steel nibs were unknown, and the pen-knife was in frequent requisition for the making and mending of pens, as its name originally indicated. We shall set down here some of the more interesting and quaintly "Sederunt worded episodes from the record of twenty years covered by the Minutes of the " Hammermen's New Sederunt Book Number Fourth," as it is described on its first leaf, in the same clerkly hand as appears in the entries of its first ninety pages. As this volume was labelled " No. 3 " sometime after it was re-backed, we infer that the lost original " No. 2 " must have gone astray in the interval. By a singular coincidence the second volume of the "Records of the Trades House of Glasgow, 1678- 1713," was lost about the same time, or a little later, probably about 1830. From the foregoing observations it will be seen that although this The Black chapter is entitled "At the Black Bull Inn," the heading need not be taken S u " ".tyP"-" 31 r ° Georgian inn. to imply that this was their only place of meeting. The name of this hostelry has been chosen as a heading because it was perhaps the most typical representive of the later Georgian inns. In January, 1795, we are interested to read of the first case of admis- Items of sion of a patient to the Royal Infirmary on the recommendation of the lnterest - craft to which their subscription entitled them. And at the same time we are pleased to learn that they succeeded, by a payment of £13 9s. 5^d., in wiping off the balance due of their contribution of ,£200 towards the building of the new trades hall. In March of the same year, we find them authorising the repayment, in consequence of a decreet of the Glasgow Magistrates, of the augmented entry fines, as " the Magistrates found the trade had not any right to demand them, and decerned against the Defenders for the Sums claimed with Expences." At the next meeting a "Libelled Summons of ffurth-coming 1 at the instance of Robert Scott A summons baker in Glasgow against the Deacon and Collector princepal Defenders ° ora i n 1 ™" and Dougald Mc.Vean Common debtor, for his interest, was produced by the Clerk, who was authorized by the Deacon to appear in Court and left the libell." At this meeting the clerk was authorised " to write Mr. Robert Thomson a genteel letter appologizeing for the letter formerly sent, which was owing to the Deacon and Masters, being intirely unaquainted with the names of Messrs Monteiths, a gentleman of that name having lately failed, who by mistake was understood to be one of Mr. Thomsons Caurs." 1 Forthcoming. In Scots Law, an action whereby an arrestment is made available to the arrester. 188 THE HAMMERMEN OF GEASGOW. A process of "On the 23rd April Mdcc and ninety five," we read of a process of "multiple- i.- , ■ j- 1 poinding." multiplepoinding 1 : " It being represented by the Clerk that in the process of Furth- coming 2 at Robert Scotts instance against the Incorporation, on account of more arrestments than his having been used in the late and present Collectors hands, and in order to prevent the trades being liable in only once and single payment of the sums claimed due Uugald M c Vean the Co : Debitor It was found necessary to raise a process of Mult: Poind: at the trades instance agt the arresters which being considered by the Meeting they hereby authorize the clerk to commence and carry on the foresaid Process of Multiple Poinding with all convenient speed." A scribal A curious note by the clerk occurs on the forty-eighth page, the reason •' • for which it is now difficult to assign, unless it was a scribal joke with perhaps a sly inuendo of the assumption of regal dignity on the part of the deacon : " Forty Eight Pages wrote in the Reign of Deacon John Brand 17th September 1795." Common C» ne °f the commonest cases of discipline dealt with by the deacons' offences. court was that of hiring journeymen without due intimation to their last employers. This was an offence which entailed a fine on the master of " £2 for each journeyman so hired." Two other fairly common penal offences were those of " packing and peeling with unfreemen," i.e., having partners who were not members of the craft, and infringement of its privileges by tradesmen who had not entered its membership. New roll of On the 30th September, 1796, the clerk was instructed to make out "toT 6rS ' a new ro " °f members. This probably marked the beginning of the third volume of the roll. The second volume, which contained the names of members who entered from 20th November, 1733, to 25th August, 1775, may have been lost at this time, like the Minute Book referred to above, or at all events before 1831, when the present transcript was made which has a note of the loss. "Charge and it having transpired in the course of the investigations of a committee discharge " .... , • . , 1 1 c replaced by appointed in the end of 1794 to examine the collectors accounts tor nine "Dr. and yea rs back, that the last collector had debited himself with thirty-five 1 Multiplepoinding. In Scots Law, an action raised by the holder of a fund, or property, to which there are several claimants, who are thereby required to come together and settle their claims in court. * Forthcoming. In Scots Law, an action whereby an arrestment is made available to the arrester. AT THE "BLACK BULL INN." 189 shillings too much and so had a claim on the Incorporation for that amount, they "recommended the Deacon and Masters to request Collector Law ... to state the different articles in a full clear and explicit manner so as that the purpose for which evry sum is either paid or received may stand clear and distinct in all time coming and to have that method kept up by all succeeding Collectors and farther would recommend keeping Collectors Account Books belonging to the Incorporation in future Dr. & Cr. in preference of charge and discharge." They also recommended the excision of entries representing absolutely bad debts, "as they only tend to make the funds of the Incorporation appear larger than in fact they are." Among the entries in the accounts thus investigated were those A disputed vote incidental to the litigation which followed the voting of twenty pounds for the delegates of the Reform of the Burghs on the part of twenty members, in spite of fifteen having protested against the funds for the support of the poor being applied to other purposes. To explain these items, a short narrative of the occurrences which gave rise to those transactions will be found in the chapter dealing with the Public Relations of the Craft. The close of the century was marked by several slight changes and Changes and i\ .1 1 i- j ••. 1 !•-• r j 1 innovations. innovations. Among these may be mentioned the abolition of deacon s precepts in connection with the administration of the poor's fund (24th April, 1795) ; the fixing of the trades officers' fees (30th September, 1796) ; the issue of printed cards of intimation to be left by the officer with members instead of the former verbal warning (3rd May, 1797) ; the printing and distribution to members of a copy of the laws (i.e., "acts") of the trade as ratified by the Magistrates (22nd November, 1798); and, lastly, the abandonment of legal proceedings against journeymen smiths striking for shorter hours (13th February, 1799). The first mention of a " rail road,'' meaning, of course, not a railroad in A " rail the modern sense, but a tramway for horse haulage, occurs in the Black Bull Minutes of 7th October, 1809. The substitution of the word obligant, instead of cautioner, takes place on 27th November, 1799. The following year we hear of a bequest of twelve bibles by Matthew Robertson, book- seller, for the boys at the Trades School. On the 7th February, 181 2, we are incidentally informed of the loss of the "second minute book." The missing Benjamin Gow, the son-in-law of John King, a former freeman, was admitted although "the meeting could find no minute in which Mr. King was mentioned to be admitted on account of a minute book having been mislaid." Mr. King's name was, however, found in the membership roll and regularly in the quarterly accounts till 1779. The Minute Book referred to is obviously "No. 2," which covered from 23rd May, 1734, to 19th Septem- Minute Book. 190 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Brod money. Packing and peeling. Only three jewellers in Glasgow in 1808. A lady member of the incor- poration. ber, 1794, and which must have disappeared, therefore, between September, 1794. and February, 1 81 2. In August, 181 3, James Kirkwood, the officer, asks and gets money in lieu of his customary suit of clothes ; and at the Hallow Court following, he is recommended to obtain the vacancy in the " Poor Men " of the Trades House. At the last meeting of that court, in 18 13, we read of the appoint- ment of a committee to make investigations as to the "'Broad Money' (i.e., 'brod,' or board or stall-money) exigible by the Corporation from Strangers disposing of Ironmongery on the Market days whom the Police have of late prevented from doing so." It is tantalizing to find no subse- quent reference to this obscure subject. 1 If the committee did present their report in due course, the Minutes certainly take no notice of it. This seems to be one of the latest allusions to an old custom which was now apparently becoming obsolescent, although not abandoned till after 1831.* Among the items of business transacted at the Black Bull Inn from time to time we may note the following as being either illustrative of the faithful stewardship of the deacon and masters, or amusing from the quaint way in which the record is worded. Messrs. Sword & Co. were summoned in October, 1807, for " packing and peeling with unfreemen," and a month later their apology and twelve guineas in lieu of new " upsets " were accepted. On the 12th September, 1808, we come across the following, which reads at first like an Irish bull: "The Deacon and Masters having reason to believe that John Brand the late poor man is dead . . . recommend . . . Dougal as a fit object to supply the said vacancy occasioned by the death of the said John Brand." " Late" here, of course, means former, and not deceased as it would nowadays. At the same meeting, Peter Aitken, a stranger, was admitted on the footing of an apprentice, one ground of his application being that there were at that time only three jewellers in Glasgow. The question of admitting a lady member occupied the serious atten- tion of the craft for over a year. This was Miss Margaret Coats of Carlton Place, the orphan daughter and heiress of the foundry of her father in Saracens Lane, "who had begun to carry on business in the Cast Iron and Brass Foundry line within the Royalty" without having paid a freedom fine. On the 14th October, 1808, the clerk writes "requesting that Mr. Wilson or some other person for Miss Coats would come forward to the next meeting and pay the dues." On the 2nd May, 1809, ner agent having offered £2 for her freedom fine, as if she entered as a son, a ■See supra, Bk. I., chap, viii., p. 69. -See Bk. I., chap, ix., p. 75. SPECIMENS OF OLD HAMMERMEN WORK IN THEM More than fifty of the articles in the front case were made by Glasgow Hammer, Ten of the specimens in the other case are also Glasgow made, notably the tu which arc the work of J. Luke, COTTISH NATIONAL EXHIBITION, GLASGOW. r Q ,i R. (chiefly in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) between 1685 und patens at the right hand (circa ijio, the property of the University) nutted to the Craft i6qj-qq. AT THE "BLACK BULL INN." 191 committee was appointed " to insist on the payment of ten guineas as a composition for intitling Miss Coats to carry on business, in consideration that she cannot be entered a member of the Incorporation ... on her paying the said moderate and reasonable sum to the Collector they authorize her to carry on business accordingly as a Brass and Iron founder & Smith during her life without the necessity of her making an Essay or paying quarter accounts." It would appear that Miss Coats finally accepted these terms as, two months later, we find it minuted that the meeting "did fine the said Miss Coats in the sum of £2 Sterling for each of three journeymen inticed away from Moses McCulloch, ironmonger, by her Doer or Manager." In February, 1810, the hammermen of Perth having written to the The Perth deacon to enquire " if the Coach and Harness makers in Glasgow have been in practice of entering with the Incorporation of Hammermen there," the deacon replies "that it has been the universal practice in Glasgow both for the Coach and Harness makers there to enter with the Incorporation of Hammermen at least that there is no case to the contrary upon the records of the trade." Next year, a "John Whitesmith craves to be allowed to carry on the A King's trade of Clock and Watch maker without admission in respect of an alleged reeman - discharge in May 1802 after serving seven years in the Durham regiment of infantry but this being found defective and wanting the signature of the Commanding Officer he is recommended to present to the Deacon a certificate from the War Office." At the end of 181 1 a committee is appointed to get an iron chest in The iron which to secure the bonds and other valuable papers of the Incorporation. c es The question of providing a certain annuity to be fixed upon "for such of the late Deacons of this Incorporation as require and apply for the aid of the Trades funds," engaged the attention of the deacons' court in October, 1820; but the matter seems to have dropped out of notice for some time, for the next reference to it occurs in the Minutes of 1st August, 1822, when the decision was referred to the next general meeting which, being the Lammas Court, the matter seems to have been passed by. That same month the masters resolved "to withdraw the quarterly allowance as also the Subsisting money formerly paid to the Officer of the trade and in lieu and place thereof to advance his Yearly Salary . . . and that he shall hereafter be paid sixteen pounds sterling for his services as officer of this Incorporation." In August of the following year we find the hammermen extending Aid to the a measure of brotherly aid to the coopers' craft, who were engaged in craft. 192 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The hammermen of Irvine. The first honorary member, 1S22. The burgess ticket. Free coffins for deceased poor mem- bers. The first '• lining" in London Street. litigation with one who claimed exemption from entering with that incorporation "on the ground of having served in the Lanarkshire Local Militia." They recommended a vote of .£5 to be paid upon the final decision of the Court of Session in the case. In February, 1822, the hammermen of Irvine, who had asked for advice on an adverse verdict of their Magistrates in a case of encroachment on their privileges, were referred to a statement of the practice of the craft in Glasgow and the terms of their own charter. At this time a misfortune befell the Incorporation in the bankruptcy of their collector, who immediately resigned his post. The first instance recorded of an honorary presentation of the freedom of the trade was in August, 1822, when the Rev. John Muir, minister of the parish of St. James', Glasgow, was so distinguished, and at the same time invited to accept "the situation of Honorary Chaplain to the Incorporation." A proposal was made in the end of the same year to sell a portion of the trades' land on the south side fronting the river, but this was strenuously opposed by the Incorporation of Hammermen, as infringing the original feu contracts and deteriorating the rest of their property in the immediate neighbourhood. At the masters' court, on the iSth September, 1823, "it was stated by the Deacon that a motion had been made in the Trades House that no Incorporation should be allowed to take a freedom fine from any person beginning business within the Burgh until he had produced a burgess ticket," when it was resolved by a large majority to oppose this motion. The matter in dispute was apparently settled two years later, when the Trades House, by a majority of 40 to 6, enacted the discontinuation of the practice objected to, and ordered the insertion of their order in the records of the various Incorporations. At the masters' court, 23rd September, 1823, it was unanimously decided " that the relatives of the poor of this trade who may die are entitled to apply to the Deacon for a coffin from the Town's Hospital as matter of right." In April of the following year, we find the deacons and masters taking steps to oppose at all costs the proposed consolidation of the Glasgow and Portpatrick Roads, but this action was not supported by the other crafts. On the occasion of the laying of the foundation-stone of the first building in London Street, a procession was organized by the Trades House, and the hammermen appointed their committee and took their share in the preparations for the auspicious event, a report of which was given by the deacon to the masters' meeting in Gardners Tavern, on the AT THE "BLACK BULL INN." 193 27th May, 1824, to the following effect: — "That the Committee appointed at last meeting had got the flag taken by the Collector of the Incorporation at the battle of Langside, suspended from a flagstaff on the top of which The Langside was the Hammerman aims and that on either side of the flag they had inscribed in gilt letters the words 'Langside 1568.'" He further reported that "silver medals of the Hammerman arms had been struck' by order of the Committee and that the Deacon, accompanied by his Master Court, had attended the procession, each member having a medal suspended by Hammerman a blue ribbon. Mr. M c Donald the present Collector wearing the robe and siVver medals. carrying the ancient flag of the trade, decorated as before mentioned." Another item of historical interest is the account of the ordering and T ' ie g° ld seal procuring of an official gold seal for the incorporation, in May, 1825, which poration. was produced at the master court in the Swan Tavern on the 22nd Sep- tember, 1825. It is described as a "gold seal chased, with ivory handle, upon which is engraved the Hammermens arms." The meeting, we read, "expressed themselves highly pleased with the execution and appoint the seal to be deposited in the Deacons box," where it still remains. In October, 1825, we come across a casual reference to the shares held by the incorporation in the Ardrossan Canal, but although instructions were given to the clerk to ascertain their number and original cost and to report to the next meeting of the master court, there is no evidence in the existing records to show that this was done. Possibly the omission may have been due to the illness and consequent incapacity of Mr. Lindsay, Death of the clerk, for the subsequent Minutes are in another hand, and his death the cle'rk Sa ' V ' occurred a month later, when a special meeting of the master court was summoned by the deacon, who " stated that he had called this meeting in consequence of the lamented death of Mr. Lindsay, who had so long and so respectably filled the situation of Clerk to the Incorporation." Upon this announcement, "the members of the Master Court unanimously appointed Mr. Hugh Moncrieff his Partner (in whose family the clerkship M'n^i'ff'h' still (191 1) remains), to act in the meantime in case any business should be successor, performed before the Trade meet and choose a new Clerk." In June of the following year (1826), we find the deacon and masters Special relief spending the long summer gloaming in anxious deliberation as to how " in °£ !s26 P °° r these distressing times some relief should be afforded to the poor on the monthly and quarterly rolls as well as those paid by precept in addition to the sums paid them periodically." A committee was appointed to visit and report, and a week later over thirteen pounds were distributed among thirty-five of their poor in sums from five to fifteen shillings. The last item : " Archibald Cochrane ten shillings for the benefit of the family & to 13 194 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. The Asylum for the Blind. Generous gifts. Hutchesons' Bridge, 1829. " Inn " replaced by " writing rooms." be paid to his Wife," has a special pathos, and suggests a scene of domestic misery and destitution due to a drunken wretch who apparently would have snatched the dole of charity from his wife and children to devote it to his own unconscionable appetite. We cannot but admire the wise humanity and discriminating benevolence of these worthy craftsmen of a byegone time. A circular letter from the committee of directors of the proposed Asylum for the Blind, appealing to the Incorporation of Hammermen as one of the leading public bodies of the city for support, was read at the master court on the 10th of July, 1827, when the meeting recorded its unanimous opinion that the object was well worthy of the support of the trades, and that for their part they cordially recommended that the next general meeting of the craft should be asked to vote such a sum from the funds of the incorporation as they might consider proper under the circum- stances. At the Lammas Court following, the discussion of this application was postponed till the same question had been decided in the Trades House, which had also been approached from the same quarter. The master court gave practical proof of their interest in and sym- pathy with their own poor by fixing the New Year's gift at half a guinea each instead of the customary crown ; and it appears to have remained at this figure for five years. But their generosity was not confined to their own needy members and their families for, on the 11th April, 1828, we find the incorporation voting not only ten guineas to the Lock Hospital, but £150 in aid of the Asylum for the Blind. At the same general meeting they raised the officer's salary to £22, and that of their clerk to £25. The foundation-stone of Hutchesons' Bridge was laid on the 18th August, 1829, and a fortnight previous to that date the master court, at their meeting in Moffat's Tavern, accepted the invitation of the preceptor of Hutcheson's Hospital and the other members of the bridge committee, to take part in the procession at that public function, as they had done when the foundation-stone of London Street was laid. The close of 1832 witnessed the gradual abandonment by the master court of their traditional and time-honoured rendezvous in the parlour of some homely hostelry. Thenceforward they held their diets in the premises of the Trades Hall building, in Glassford Street. In point of fact, the Commercial Inn, No. 44 Trongate, witnessed the last of those old-fashioned gatherings on the 20th of July of the next year ; and thereafter the Minutes of their meetings regularly begin with the altered preamble : " At Glasgow and within the Trades Hall," although sometimes their meetings took place AT THE "BLACK BULL INN." 195 in their clerk's office — " writing office or writing rooms," as it was sometimes called — from 18 16. A requisition from the Trades House was the occasion to which we Membership, are indebted for an interesting return giving particulars of the membership, etc- ' in l831 ' privileges, and fees of the craft eighty years ago. Under the first head the return, as at Michaelmas, 183 1, was 457 members. Under the second is mentioned the exclusive right of trading possessed and claimed by the following trades, viz. : — Blacksmith, tinsmith, coppersmith, goldsmith, silversmith, watchmaker, and armourer, and their various branches, this exclusive right of trade in Glasgow, as in all other burghs, being subject to the statutory exception in favour of discharged soldiers and sailors. "Decayed members of the Trade and their Widows and Families have the exclusive right to aid from the Corporation funds. To their support is devoted both the income arising from these funds and the income from entries and annual payments by members of the Cor- poration. The value of the Corporation Stock is about seven thousand pounds sterling. Decayed members and their widows have been in the habit of receiving according to their circumstances from five shillings to one pound sterling per month. A certain number of the children of decayed members are also annually placed in the Trades School where they receive gratuitous education. " The Corporation has no right of electing any member of the Town Council. As will appear from the Returns of the Trades House the Hammermen send six members to that House. The Returns by the Corporation of the City will exhibit the rights of the whole Trades of Glasgow in returning members to the Town Council. " The fees exacted on entry are as follows, viz. : — From strangers, - - - - -£1320 „ apprentices who have served any member for six years under regular indentures, - - - - - 400 „ sons-in-law of members, - - - 3 10 o „ sons of members, - - - - 200 "The sum annually levied from each member is two shillings." The laying of the foundation-stone of the Glasgow Bridge at the foot Glasgow of Jamaica Street, erected in place of that built in 1769, on 3rd September, Brid & e ' ,8 33- 1833, was attended by the deacon and his court, as we infer from the fact that we find them, in August, accepting the invitation to join the procession, as they had formerly done on similar occasions at the opening of London 196 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The Municipal Bill, 1S36. A defaulting collector. Gartnavel Asylum, 1842. Street and the stone-laying of Hutcheson's Bridge, although we have no subsequent Minute of their having taken part in that public function. The master court, as the custodians of the interests of their own poor, had at times to decline contributing to public charities, as, for instance, in February, 1834, when they refused a subscription to the House of Refuge on the ground that " it would be inexpedient in the present state of the Trades funds to vote any sum except directly in supporting the poor of the trade." In October, 1834, we find the master court, as a natural result of the provisions of the Burgh Reform Act of 1833, appointing a committee to revise the laws of the trade. The Municipal Bill for Scotland engaged the attention of the master court at their meeting on the 2nd of June, 1836, when they unanimously resolved to oppose it, as destined to destroy the status of the Trades House and the usefulness of the Incorporations individually by depriving them of their privileges. A year later the court had the same measure under review, and resolved to oppose it " in so far as under its provisions the right of this House to be represented in the Town Council through the Deacon Convener would be excluded the exclusive privileges of the Incorporations would be extinguished, and the Dean of Guild Court would be abolished ;" and at the same time expressed their determination "to co-operate with the Merchants House of Glasgow the Convenery of Edinburgh and other public bodies but so as not to commit the House to joint liability with the Con- venery of Edinburgh or those bodies for any expense which they may incur." When the masters met their deacon within the "writing rooms" of their clerk, on the 2nd April, 1S38, they received the disconcerting announce- ment that the collector had absconded with between one and two hundred pounds of the funds of the incorporation, when "they came to the conclu- sion that the probability of anything being recovered from Mr. Lockhart was not such as to justify the expense which would necessarily be incurred by any efficient attempt to have him apprehended." Taught by this unpleasant experience, the incorporation immediately enacted that " henceforth all persons appointed to the office of Collector should find security to the extent of two hundred pounds to the satisfaction of the Trade before intromitting in any way with the funds." In July, 1840, the master court accepted the resignation, after twenty years' service, of their officer, William Smellie, who lived only six months longer to enjoy his retiring pension, which was fixed at £17 per annum. The laying of the foundation-stone of the Gartnavel Lunatic Asylum, on the 1st of June, 1842, was attended by a representation of the Incorpora- tion of Hammermen, as on the occasion of other public functions. CHAPTER VIII. At the Trades Hall. Trades Hall built, 1794— Proofs of prosperity— Administration of funds— Proposed trades school — New Year's gift to the poor— The Annals of Glasgow presented by the author — An amusing incident — The Tradeston perambulation— South Leith hammermen supported —Abstract of Laws to be printed (1S19)— Failure of the collector— Proposed sale of river- side property — Revision of fees — Hawkers of ironware — Regular meetings in the Trades Hall— Revision of terms for loans by the incorporation— An absconding collector— The birth of King Edward VII.— Changes in mode of deacon's election — Declaration substi- tuted for oath (1843)— Investment of funds— A presage of change— The Act of 1S46 — Its immediate consequences — The burgess ticket— Essays abolished— Queen Victoria's visit (1S49)— Gift of the incorporation to Glasgow Cathedral— Proofs of continued prosperity- Commutation of quarter accounts — Directors' report of the Trades School — Income and expenditure in 1S63 — An " honourable woman " — Donation to the Royal Infirmary — The Logan and Johnston bequest— Death of the clerk (1S6S)— Style of Minutes after 1854 — Death of the Trades last officer — Deacon M'Onie's gift — Income, 1874 — Skinners' presentation of Annals— Trades School discontinued — Trades bursaries— Trades scholar- ships — Death of ex-deacon Napier of Shandon — Revision of incorporation laws and regulations — City of Glasgow Bank failure — The investments of the incorporation — Presentation of their craft history by the masons' incorporation— Disposal of Trades Hall property— Conversion of Paisley Canal, 1SS1 — Revision of entry-money fees — Death of ex-deacon M'Onie — Loan of incorporation banner — Honourable withdrawals from pen- sioners' roll — List of members published, 1S90— Deaths of ex-deacons Kinghorn, Phillips, and Stewart — Entry-money fee raised (1895). As has been already mentioned, the fourth Minute Book begins with a b "i t es I7g4 notice of a general meeting "in the Trades Hall" in Glassford Street on the 19th September, 1794, for the election of a deacon, and from that date the general meetings of the incorporation, as distinguished from those of the masters' court, continued to be held in that place. The buildings were designed by Adams, and completed in 1794. The Hall was for- mally opened in September of that year. We find the first instance of the subsequent custom of formally thank- ing the collector, on his demitting office, in the Minutes of 26th September, 1800. A year later, the hammermen resumed the ancient practice of making masters ex-officio. 1 The first reference we find to the clerk's salary occurs in April of that year, when it was raised to twelve guineas, and at 1 See Book I., p. 44. 198 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Proofs of prosperity. Administra- tion of funds. the same time the allowance to the officer was also increased to £1 yearly. It was raised further to £$ at the Hallow Court of 1814, when also the extended limit of £250 for the incorporation's loans was finally settled. Additional evidence of the improved financial position of the incorporation is afforded by the fact that the offer of the Hutchesons' Hospital to feu part of their ground in Gorbals at £11 an acre was accepted, and also that, "in consequence of the high price of stamped paper," the maximum amount of loans was extended, at the Hallow Court that year, from .£150 to £250. This, too, was the first time that this meeting was called "a general meeting " of the incorporation. From this time onwards it became the usual practice to engross the various remits of the craft's delegations and committees. On 2 1st April, 1806, the incorporation considered the following pro- posals of their deacon as to the administration of their funds, viz. : — 1st. To lay out the capital in the purchase of property, the success of their neighbours who had made that experiment giving them reason to hope that this might turn out to advantage. 2nd. To increase the quarterly accounts one shilling per annum, and, in the worthy deacon's words, "to adopt some more certain and expedi- tious mode of collecting them, particularly from the opulent members, as the want of a vote has of late been considered no disappointment. This small additional tax upon ourselves will shew we are in earnest, and when it is understood that the benefit of the poor is the sole object, very few even of them will oppose it." 3rd. To advance the freedom fines to sons, sons-in-law, and appren- tices, say, one guinea each. " Upon this I will observe," he continues, "that the entry is so low at present, that it would be very little felt by Individuals, particularly sons. " Lastly, If these or anything better are put in practice and produce what is expected, the Strangers' entry might with great propriety be raised to £15, for this reason, that besides the liberty of carrying on any branch of the Hammermen Trade, he could no where lay out the same sum to better purpose, for securing himself and family against want." They approved of the first proposal, as to the purchase of property, but with the proviso that the terms of such purchase should be laid before the incorporation before the completion of the bargain. But while they decided not to increase the annual subscription, they raised the freedom fines for sons of members to £$ and for sons-in-law of members and apprentices to £5, and raised the amount of entry-money for strangers to ,£20. In con- sequence of this last decision, the clerk was instructed to draw up a formal AT THE TRADES HALL. 199 petition to the Magistrates to accord their sanction to the increase of the freedom fines. 1 This step, however, did not meet with the approbation of the city authorities, who, in an Act of Council of the 26th August, declared that they " refuse to sanction the proposed augmentation of the freedom fines, . . . convinced that any augmentation of the said fines has a direct tendency to prevent useful tradesmen settling in the City, and is therefore highly inexpedient." At the Hallow Court following it was, consequently, minuted that this proposal was refused ratification by the Magistrates, although approved by the Trades House. Towards the end of the following year (1807), the incorporation were Proposed engaged in considering a resolution of the Trades House anent the estab- trades scho ° ■ lishment and management of a trades school for 104 boys, under the super- vision and patronage of the Trades House and the several incorporations interested in its foundation and administration. On the 9th December, 1S08, the craft resolved : — "That hereafter no person shall be elected Deacon of this Incorporation without having pre- viously served as Trades Collector for one year." At their first meeting next year they unanimously agreed to " pay for the Books, paper, pens and ink necessary for the education of the boys at the Trades School ... in a proportion corresponding to their interest in the school." At the Lammas Court of that year the extract of the Act of Council, dated 20th May, 1809, anent the eligibility of the deacon, was deposited in the box. The practice of presenting each of the members on the Poor's Roll New Year's with a New Year's gift began — or, at least, the record of this presentation p o r to began — on the last New Year of the eighteenth century, when every person received five shillings. The amount varied slightly from time to time. Thus, on 25th November, 1803, the gift was fixed at three shillings, and on the 8th December, 1S09, at four shillings, the distribution in the intervening years not being minuted. On the nth of October, 1813, the incorporation strongly supported the opposition offered by the Trades House to a proposal on the part of the Magistrates to impose a tax for the purpose of building new churches in the city as being impolitic and unnecessary. In 1817, Mr. Clelland, the author of The Annals of Glasgow, presented The Annals a copy of his work, just published, to the incorporation, which was duly %^'enicdby the author. 1 See Book I., p. 133. 200 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. acknowledged at their meeting on the 12th September. Next month it is recorded that " the Deacon for the time being shall have the possession and use of the Book, . . . but that the members of the Master Court of the Trade shall be entitled to a reading thereof when they apply for it." To judge, however, by the perfect condition in which the two volumes at pre- sent exist, its readers must have been few or else remarkably careful in their use of the work. The annual payment of the "Quarterly Accounts" seems to have been very generally neglected at this time, for it became necessary, ulti- mately, to draw the attention of members seriously to their omission, and it was resolved to intimate the fact to defaulters. An amusing An amusing incident is recorded in the spring of the following year (1818). Mr. James Newlands, jeweller, trading as Newlands & Son, had a summons addressed to his son by the clerk, "requesting his attendance at the meeting that he might be admitted as a member." The father appeared and explained his son was not a partner, being only two years of age! Although the name of his firm was Newlands & Son, that designa- tion was simply one of convenience, " in order to distinguish Mr. Newlands from his brother who carries on the same Trade. The meeting having considered Mr. Newland's statement agree not to insist in the meantime upon the admission of his Son." The On the 7th August of that year, it appears from the report of the com- Tr6 16 2 707 10 7 109 5 7 '3.799 7 4 292 5 6 54 18 188 10 5 9 12 3 AT THE TRADES HALL. 209 Freedom Fines (including ,£205 12s. at far hand) amounted to ------- ^220 17 o Quarter Accounts (including 23 commutations and arrears), 48 12 o The principal item of Expenditure was the amount of the Monthly and Quarterly Rolls, - - 533 9 o Precept Roll, -------- 99 20 Salaries, - - - - - - - - - 72139 2/31 Shares of the Gorbals Lands valued at - - 7,000 o o Sum Advanced for Building and Furnishing the Trades House, -- ------ 203 16 8 Amount Lent on Heritable Securities, - - - 1,570 o o „ „ to Trades House, - - 5,000 o o In December, 1863, Mrs. Agnes Crichton withdrew her name from the An " honourable woman." roll of pensioners in consequence of her improved circumstances, and the master court recorded their gratification at the news of her better fortune, and minuted her letter "to mark their approval of the proper feeling she has evinced in withdrawing her name from the roll of pensioners." At the Hallows Court in 1864, a donation of £10 was made to the Donation to Royal Infirmary in consideration of its special necessities at that time. the Koyal At the Lammas Court in 1865, it was proposed "that every entrant admitted as a freeman's son, freeman's son-in-law, or free apprentice above the age of twenty-five at the time of his entering with the Incorporation shall in addition to his freedom fine pay interest thereon at the rate of five per cent, per annum for the period between that age and the date of his being admitted a member." This was unanimously agreed to at a subsequent meeting. In the Minutes of the master court, held on 31st July, 1867, is The Logan engrossed a copy of the trust deeds of the late Mr. and Mrs. William bequest. Logan, by which "the residue of their estate is mortified and devoted to the permanent establishment and endowment of a charitable school under the management of twelve perpetual governors of whom four are to be of the Trades House, three of these being the Deacon of this Incorporation and the two office-bearers next in order from the Master Court." J We note that the present clerk of the incorporation was admitted a Death of the member on 28th August, 1867. On the death of his venerable relative and clerk < lS6S )- namesake in March, 1868, a fitting expression is recorded in the Minutes of the gratitude due and esteem entertained by the corporation for his zeal, wisdom, and extended services lasting over forty-two years. He was succeeded in the clerkship by his partner, Dr. Adam Paterson. 1 See Book I., pp. 129- 130. «4 2io THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Style of For some years past the most of the routine work of the craft had is-,. been transacted at their clerk's office, and the preamble of the master courts' Minutes, from the beginning of 1854, usually began with: "At Glasgow and within the writing chambers of Moncrieff Paterson Forbes & Hair forty-five West George Street the day of Eighteen hundred and " Indeed, after the passing of the Lord Advocate's Bill abolish- ing the exclusive privilegs of the Scottish burgh incorporations, the entries became more and more formal and stereotyped The acceptance and disposal of petitions for relief, and the admitting of new members, con- stitute the main material of the record. At the master court in the beginning of October, the agenda regularly comprised the qualifying of its members ; the appointment of " Key Masters," as the successors of the ancient " Box Masters" were now called ; the appointing or re-appointing of the delegate of the Gorbals lands and of the Trades School director; and last, but not least, the selection of the committee to visit the poor on the Roll, and those applying to be put thereon. The deed of mortification of the Logan and Johnston Bequest was engrossed in the Minutes of the master court held on the 4th August, 1869, and fills fifteen folio pages. After 1869, the appointment of trustees and governors of the Logan and Johnston School was regularly made. ' In October, 1870, a committee was appointed to examine the records and consider the laws and regulations of the incorporation with a view to the revisal and adjustment thereof. Death of the In April, 1873, William Brodie resigned his post as officer to the lrades last incorporation ; six months later, not long before his death, we find him petitioning the incorporation for assistance, when he was allowed a grant of 10s. per month. He was the last officer of the Trade. Deacon An interesting event occurred at the Lammas Court in 1874, when the MjOnies deacon, Mr. Andrew M'Onie, presented an album to the incorporation, which, he suggested, should be devoted to collecting photographic like- nesses of the members. In October, 1874, besides the usual statement of income and expendi- ture for the year, members were supplied with a short statement of the position of the incorporation in regard to its membership (over 600), number of recipients, etc., and a detailed table showing the income from investments, entry money, etc., the expenditure, number of recipients, annual surplus, and total capital for the ten years previous. For purposes of comparison, we may note the following figures for 1864-5 and 1 873-4 respectively: — 'See Book I., pp. 129-130. AT THE TRADES HALL. 211 1864-5. 1873-4- 2 1 65 r °3 88 ^827 17 ,£'■33° ' " 709 '3 1 723 9 9 118 3 1 1 606 1 2 2 i3.94i it 5 17,196 1 7 Income, 1874. Members Admitted, - Recipients from Funds, Total Income, - „ Expenditure, Surplus, - - - - Total Capital, - A similar statement was issued yearly thereafter. In April, 1875, the incorporation invested £3,800 in loan to the City Improvement Trustees, and this was augmented in July and August fol- lowing by further loans of £1,000 and .£1,200, making a total loan of £6,OO0. To do this, £1,000 had been withdrawn from the Trades House investment, leaving still in the hands of the Trades House, £3,000. In February, 1876, the deacon and master court of the incorporation Skinners' of skinners presented a copy of the Annals of the Skinners' Craft in oTAntuill"" Glasgow, which was gratefully acknowledged. At their meeting on 14th April, 1876, the incorporation adopted the resolution of the master court, and adopted the recommendations of the Trades School directors embodied in their report — on the one hand to discontinue that school in consequence of the passing of the Education J r ? de ? ..... ° , School Act superseding such an institution; in consequence 01 the expense to the discontinued. Trades House and incorporations still adhering to the school being con- siderably in excess of the cost of educating the children at Board schools, where an equally good education can be obtained ; in consequence of the changed circumstances due to the extension of the city allowing of but few of those entitled to its benefits attending the school, which, moreover, through the Union Bank alterations, is being seriously curtailed in its play- ground accommodation ; and lastly, in consequence of the school buildings themselves being now quite unsuitable in size and position, and not likely to satisfy Government requirements ; — and on the other hand, to continue instead the payment by each incorporation of 13s. 4d. quarterly for the education of each child, the Trades House paying the difference between that sum and the cost of education at the Board schools. The thirty scholars (whose names are given in the Minute of the next meeting) sent by the incorporation to the Trades School were, in consequence of its discontinuance, accommodated at Board and other schools. In August, 1876, the Education Committee, the successors of the Trades Trades School drectors, drew up a report, recommending the institution of thirty bursaries - 212 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Bursaries at £10 per annum, twenty at £15 and ten at £10, to be confined to children of trades burgesses, "to promote a higher education, embracing science and art, especially among students likely to follow a commercial or industrial vocation." They also provided for the free education of the children of members in necessitous circumstances. Trades In addition, a scheme was formulated for promoting the higher edu- scholarships. ca tj on f promising pupils by the help of scholarships, junior and senior, each tenable for three years. The Committee on Education proposed that there should be thirty of the former and nine of the latter, the former of the average value of £15, £10 payable the first year, ,£15 the second, and £20 the third year ; the latter of the average value of £30, £2% for the first, .£30 for the second, and ,£35 for the third year. These scholarships were to be open to the children and grandchildren of freemen in connection with any of the fourteen incorporations educated in any school. Eligibility for a junior scholarship was to be secured by ability to pass an examination in the fifth standard of the Scotch code, and in Latin and a modern language, or any two of the specific subjects of secular instruction mentioned in the code. A certificate from the teacher of a school, where such a graduated course of higher instruction was given, had to be pre- sented by the pupil before the second half of their allowance was paid. A higher examination, somewhat resembling the entrance bursary examina- tion at the University, had to be passed to make a boy or girl eligible for a senior scholarship. Scholarship holders were to attend the University or some technical school, and present a certificate from their professor before receiving the second half of their allowance. Every year thirteen scholar- ships would be filled up, ten junior and three senior. The half-yearly payments would be on the 1st November and 1st May, the examination for the junior scholarships falling in August, and for the senior in October of each year. A minimum of four hundred out of one thousand marks would be necessary to entitle a candidate to a scholarship in cases ceteris paribus, preference being given to orphans or those whose parents were in poor circumstances, and especially to those who meant to prosecute a technical education. Misconduct or inattention to studies would incur suspension by the Committee on Education from the benefits of this scheme. This brief resume of the arrangements and regulations framed to carry on and develop on modern lines the good work, so well begun and main- tained by the Trades School, affords a striking proof of the practical wisdom of its directors. Old College of Glasgow. AT THE TRADES HALL. 213 The death, in June, 1876, of their venerable ex-deacon Robert Napier, Death of Esq., of Shandon, called forth a spontaneous expression of the grateful Napierof esteem in which he was held by the incorporation of which he had been a Shandon. prominent and zealous member since 18 19, and "in token of respect to the memory of the oldest and at the same time so distinguished a member they cordially agreed that the funeral should be attended by the whole Court." A communication from the Trades House as to proposed increase of pensions, was read at the Hallow Court in 1876, and was remitted to the master court to consider and report to a subsequent meeting of the incor- poration on the 14th December, when it was adopted and transmitted. On the 10th July, 1877, the laws and regulations of the incorporation Revision of were finally revised and adjusted, and the clerk was instructed to take the ""corporation ' J laws and necessary steps to secure their sanction by the Trades House as the laws regulations, and regulations by which the affairs of the incorporation should in future be governed. In February, 1878, the clerk reported that the new laws and regula- tions had been approved of and enacted by the Trades House. Copies were thereafter arranged to be printed and distributed among the members, and the committee who had prepared them was accorded a vote of thanks for its careful and laborious work in connection with their preparation. The certified copy was engrossed in the Minutes of this date. In the Minutes of 2nd October, 1878, reference is made to the failure City of of the City of Glasgow Bank, with which the funds of the incorporation B^'fif"",!,,,.,. were deposited, these being for the time inavailable. An account was opened in name of the incorporation with the National Bank of Scotland. One of the many domestic tragedies occasioned by that disastrous event is recorded in connection with the application for a Trades House pension by a member of the craft, who had served in the master court for fifteen years and was for five a director of the Trades School, he having lost all his means through the bank's failure. In the annual report accompanying the abstract of income and expenditure for the year ending 19th September, 1879, allusion is made to that terrible catastrophe. The claims made upon the funds for the year were far above the average. This was occasioned in a great measure by the failure of the City of Glasgow Bank, no fewer than six of the appli- cants having been obliged from that cause to seek aid. This was not the only way in which that financial catastrophe affected the craft, for although its deposits were ultimately recovered they lost the interest accruing. 214 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The Minutes of 25th October, 1880, contain another pathetic reference to the sufferers from this catastrophe. The invest- The prudent investment of their funds, which had been practised by incorporation tne craft from the earliest times (as we find recorded in the first sederunt book of the incorporation), has continued to the present time to supply a material support to their charitable and philanthropic aims. This depart- ment of the business of the Glasgow hammermen beginning with little loans of a few pounds Scots on promissory notes — " bands," i.e., bonds, as they were called, signed by the grantees and their securities or "cautioners" and " put in the box" — developed in the course of time, until by the end of 1895 their gradually accumulated funds, invested in various securities, lands, and other heritable properties, municipal stock, etc., amounted to nearly £27,000, representing at 3 per cent, a yearly income of over £800. It is interesting to trace the successive steps and stages by which this colossal result was derived, and nothing shows so plainly and con- vincingly the practical wisdom and sagacity of the succeeding generations of the masters of this craft. It is true that the items of the account in modern times would have amazed the deacons of the seventeenth century, but the guiding principles have remained identical and the policy and methods of to-day are the direct derivatives of an unbroken tradition and an undeviating course of procedure. The master court Minutes that record their successive investments afford a naively unconscious evidence of the single-hearted zeal and devotion to the interests of the incorporation, which mark their wise and faithful administration of its affairs. In short, the incorporation of hammermen has good reason to be proud of its long succession of able and disinterested office-bearers, not only from a consideration of the present material outcome of their labours but still more from an appreciation of the spirit of willing service which from generation to generation has obviously animated their efforts for the good of their craft and the relief of their brethren. The good old spirit of the guild brotherhood of S. Eloi has never died out in spite of all the outward changes that have been met in the course of four centuries and more. Viewed in this light, the commonplace items and entries assume a fresh significance and interest. Thus, when we read that "the Collector reported that he had arranged with the Gas Corporation to take £800 in loan for seven years at the rate of 4 per cent., these being the best terms he could get," we think not only of the material profit of the transaction to the craft's exchequer, but also of the " personal equation " involved in the disinterested service of its office- AT THE TRADES HALL. 215 bearer who did his best not for himself but for his brethren and their successors. In April, 1885, £6,000 lent to the City Improvement Trustees was transferred to the Clyde Navigation Trustees on obtaining better terms, four per cent, for fifteen years. A year later we find the master court agreeing to a renewal of their loan to the City Improvement Trustees of £3,500, which had then become repayable, at the reduced rate of 3! per cent., " having in view the present state of the money market they were of opinion that such rate of interest was as much as could be looked for." It is pleasing to note the evidence of good feeling and fraternity Presentation among the various trade communities, as when, for instance, the incorpora- hjgfc,™ bv tion of masons presented their brethren the hammermen in 1879 with a Hie masons' ,,. r 1 ■ ii- 1 t.it ,-. ■. ■ • « incorporation copy of their craft history by their ex-deacon, Mr. James Cruikshanks. A similar courtesy was extended to them in the following year by the incor- poration of wrights, who presented them with a copy of their byelaws, etc., to which was prefixed a short historical notice, and also by the incor- poration of coopers, all which gifts were gratefully acknowledged and deposited in the deacon's box for preservation. In the Minutes of the general meeting of 30th March, 1880, we read Disposal of the following resolution, which was unanimously carried: "This Incor- property. 3 poration approve of the recommendation of the Trades House to dispose of the Trades Hall property and site and divide the proceeds in the proportions held by the House and Incorporations and agree to co-operate with the House in taking whatever action may be necessary for that purpose." But considerable opposition was offered to this in other quarters, for although plans had been prepared for the proposed reconstruction we find that no real advance had been made by 29th August, 1884, when the incorporation unanimously approved of the institution of an action of division and sale in the Court of Session "seeing the unanimous support and approval of the several Incorporations has not been obtained to the Resolutions of the House of 10th September last, relative to the taking down of the Hall Buildings and re-constructing them of new upon the present site." In April, 1 88 1, the proposal to convert the Glasgow, Paisley and Conversion Ardrossan Canal into a railway line called forth the active opposition of Canal 1881 the Trades House, and at a general meeting on 2nd May, in 1881, of the incorporation, it was unanimously resolved to co-operate with them in 2l6 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Revision of entry-monej fees. Death of ex-deacon M'Onie. Loan of incorporation banner. petitioning Parliament against the Bill, in so far as it threatened to inter- fere with the rights of the Trades House and the incorporations in the Gorbals lands. The lamented death of their clerk, Dr. Adam Paterson, in July, l88i, was the occasion of the incorporation recording the deep sense of their loss. He was succeeded by Mr. Alexander Craig Paterson. The question of raising the amount of entry-money engaged the atten- tion of the master court in December, 1885, when they recommended the following scale : — " Far Hand, £21, with 5% interest after 35 years of age. Sons-inLaw, £4. ys. od., with 5% interest after 25 years of age. Sons, £$ 5s. od., with 5% interest after 25 years of age." The Minutes of 26th May, 1886, contain a touching tribute to the memory of ex-Deacon and Deacon-Convener M'Onie. In October of that year it was resolved to contest the corporation duty claim by the Inland Revenue authorities; but in June, 1887, after the Court of Session had decided the test case raised by the Incorporation of Tailors adversely, it was decided that " in the event of the other Incorpora- tions continuing to take joint action the Incorporation of Hammermen should bear their proportion of the expense of obtaining an opinion from eminent English Counsel on the question of appealing the case of the Incorporation of Tailors to the House of Lords." But at the Lammas Court following, "when it appeared that nearly the whole of the other incorporations were opposed to continuing to take joint action," it was resolved to take no further steps. Of the total expenses of this action (.£275 17s. 7d.) the hammermen had to pay .£22 3s. 6d. as their proportion. In January, 1888, the incorporation approved of a scheme of recon- struction of the Trades Hall buildings in Virginia Place, proposed by the Trades House, at an estimated cost of ^"4,000, of which their proportion would be £87 2s. id. The ancient blue silk banner of the incorporation was lent in June, 1888, to the Scottish Archaeological and Historical Section of the Glasgow International Exhibition, was exhibited in the Bishop's Palace, and proved an object of marked interest to thousands of visitors. It was returned, after the close of the Exhibition, in March, 1889, and duly deposited in the collector's box. In July of the same year they resolved to co-operate with the Incor- poration of Tailors, and any other of the incorporations who may join AT THE TRADES HALL. 217 them, in obtaining an amendment of the law, to relieve the incomes of the trades incorporations from the assessment of corporation duty, and, if necessary, to accompany any deputation to London for that purpose. The dissolution of Parliament in 1892 put a stop, apparently, to the prosecution of the effort to obtain repayment of the sums already paid since its imposi- tion in 1885 to 1891, when, owing to several decisions in the English courts, the Inland Revenue authorities decided to forego its exaction. In November of the year previous, the clerks of the various incorpora- tions had met to consider what steps should be taken in this matter, but after August, 1892, no further reference to the subject can be traced in the minutes. The meritorious example of Mrs. Crichton, who, in 1863, withdrew Honourable her name from the roll of pensioners in consequence of her improved withdrawals 1 ^ r from pen- circumstances, was followed, in 1888, by widow Steele, and in 1890, by sioners' roll. William Murdoch. In every instance, the incorporation put on record their appreciation of the honourable course adapted by them, while expressing their satisfaction at their improved state of affairs which thus enabled them to relinquish in favour of less fortunate members the assist- ance they had hitherto received. In May, 1S90, 250 copies of the list of members were printed and List of supplied at the price of one shilling each to those desiring them. published. At the Hallow Court of that year the incorporation voted ,£20 towards lS 9°- the expense of the new buildings of the Glasgow Old Man's Friend Society and Old Women's Home, which was very gratefully acknowledged. In March, 1891, the City Improvement Trust mortgage of £3,500, maturing at Whitsunday, and offering thereafter only 3 per cent, interest, it was resolved to accept payment and invest the money elsewhere ; and an investment of £4,000 was made in a loan to the Barony Parochial Board in February, 1892, at 3^ per cent, interest. The death of ex-deacon Kinghorn elicited the expression of a very Deaths of sincere tribute of their appreciation and esteem in May, 1891, and in ex-deacons . . ' Kinghorn. August of the following year the incorporation had to record their deeply- Phillips, and felt loss of ex-Deacon Phillips. Stewart. In June, 1893, the incorporation were able to make a further invest- ment with the Glasgow Corporation, this time of £1,000 for five years, at 3 per cent. ; and in October of the next year £1,400 were invested at the same rate in a loan to the Barony Parochial Board. At the Hallow Court following (1894) it was decided to raise the Entry-money entry-money at " far hand " to £40, with interest at 5 per cent, additional fe * raised for every year over 35, sons and sons-in-law of members being entitled to _mS THE IIAMMKRMKN OF GLASGOW. immediate admission after the enrolment of those members through whom they obtained that privilege, and in the case of a son-in-law the privilege of entry terminating on the death of his wife. At the general meeting on 20th May, 1895, these alterations were eventually carried unanimously, and the sanction of the Trades House applied for, which was duly accorded, with the exception that sons and sons-in-law may not be admitted earlier than a year and a day after the admission of those through whom they obtain the privilege. The death of ex-Deacon Stewart after twenty years' membership called forth a fitting tribute of gratitude and esteem from his fellow office- bearers. CHAPTER IX. The Craft's Share in Public Affairs. Summary recapitulation — The incorporation evinces increased interest in public affairs and recognises its civic importance — ^200 voted to aid suppression of American Rebellion (1777) — Opposition to repeal of penal laws — Proposed alteration of Corn Laws opposed — Abolition of slavery supported — French Revolution — Contributions of members in aid of British Government— The "Trades Battalion" scheme (1798)— Public purchase and re-sale of corn to avert famine — Trades Battalion scheme revived (1S03) — Contribution to Asylum — Civil trial by jury in Scotland supported — Address to the King— Jury trial reform — Cost of Glasgow Volunteers' uniforms refunded — Repeal of Corn Laws opposed — Burgh reform in Scotland— Questions of House of Commons Commission — Answers of the incorporation : 1. Self election : 2, Public property : 3, Imposition of taxes : 4, Public revenue — Glasgow Statute Labour Bill supported — Membership 375 in 1820 — Glasgow Police Bill supported — Petition against admission of Catholic Peers — The " New Bridge," Glasgow — Tradeston interests supported — The question as to the site of the Glasgow Royal Exchange — Annexation of Blythswood opposed — The Reform Bill supported — Address to the King — Contribution to Cholera Fund (1832) — Scottish Municipal Reform — Master Court leets abolished (1833) — Answers of the incorporation to enquiries of the Burgh Commission : 1, Its constitution and history : 2, Its territory : 3, Its funds : 4, Its charitable institutions : 5, 30 years' survey — a list of prosecutions, accession of members, and entered apprentices : 6, Enforcement of exclusive privileges : 7, The inducements to enter afforded by such privileges : 8, Consequences of their eventual abolition : 9, Other advantages enjoyed by the incorporation : 10, Right of presentation to hospital, etc. : 11, Present state of the incorporation : 12, Prosperity : 13, Resolutions relative to Burgh Reform Bill: 14, Additional suggestions — Proposed amendment of Glasgow Police Bill (1S37) — Address to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert on the birth of King Edward ( 1S41 ) — Royal visit (1842) — Petitions to both Houses in favour of New Gas Company (1843) — Abolition of exclusive privileges of Scottish incorporations — ^150 contributed to Crimean F'und — ^50 voted for Glasgow Cathedral windows — The Buchanan Institution — ,£300 contributed towards University buildings —Contribution to relief of wounded in F'ranco- Prussian war (1870)— £50 to Bengal Famine Fund (1874) — ,£300 contributed to Western Infirmany building fund — The marriage of our King duly signalized. THE foregoing chapters have dealt with the origin and development of the Summary re incorporation of hammermen in Glasgow, their official organisation, legisla- capitulation. tion, and administration as a Trades Guild. We have traced them to their earliest home in the ancient Cathedral of St. Mungo, and found their local habitation there at the altar shrine of their mediaeval patron saint. We have seen how their devotion to their " auld Hie Kirk " survived the ritual and doctrinal upheaval of the Reformation and saved the venerable pile, which the City of Glasgow is so proud to possess to-day, practically intact, from the destruction which all but overtook it at the hands of iconoclastic zeal. We have followed those old world craftsmen from Kirk to Market. 220 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. We have in imagination met with the deacon and his court at their evening sederunts at some seventeenth century change-house or later tavern, such as the " Black Bull Inn at the head of the Stockwell." We have accom- panied them to their general meetings in the Trades Hospital, the Tron Kirk session-house (till its destruction by fire in February, 1793), and then in the Trades Hall from September, 1794. The incorpor- B u t though their ponderous folios in the main contain the record of ation evinces - . increased purely craft business, we find there evidence as well of larger interests and interest in broader sympathies than those elicited merely by the obligations of their public- affairs ' • ' * ° and recog- trade and calling. We can clearly trace the development of a growing importance. ' recognition on their part of civic rights and duties, and a corresponding resolution to take their share in the public life of the nation as a whole. By the end of the eighteenth century the hammermen had gradually grown in numbers and wealth so that, as it came first among the four leading crafts in the city, it was able to maintain its rank and station, not merely by prescriptive right or seniority, but also by virtue of its power and influence. And, as it headed the roll of the fourteen trades, it was not slow to take a front place and play its part in coming forward, when occasion demanded, with material evidence of its public spirit and patriotic generosity. One of the most striking — as it is one of the earliest recorded — instances of this spirit of enthusiasm is afforded by the action taken by them in connection with the revolt of the British Colonies in North /200 voted America, when the master court on Hogmanay eve, 1777, voted "^150 suppression °f tne Trades funds towards the Battalion for suppressing the Rebellion in of Anieru-an America." This amount was, for the time, no inconsiderable sum. It was a gift great enough to cost the craft something to give, and one the parting with which would cause an appreciable deflation of its credit balance, but at the Tron Kirk Session House next day a meeting of the whole incorporation not only endorsed the spirited decision of the Master Court but voted ^50 more, thus raising their voluntary contribution for that Imperial object to £200. " The said day the Meeting taking into Consideration an Act of the Magistrates and Town Council of Glasgow bearing date the twenty-ninth day of December current and the Opinion of the Deacon and Masters of Yesterday thereanent and the necessity of strengthening the hands of Government at this critical time for suppressing the unnatural Rebellion in America They unanimously agree that a sum should be given out of the Funds of the Trade for that purpose and a State being put whether the Trade would incline Rebellion (1777)- THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 22! to give one hundred one hundred and fifty or two hundred pounds and the Votes being marked it was carried by a great Majority of Votes That the Deacon should be Authorized and they hereby Authorize and empower him to subscribe in name of the Incorpora- tion Two hundred pounds Sterling to be applied towards the Expence of raising a Battalion of Men for the purpose aforesaid which two hundred pounds Sterling is to be paid out of the Funds of the Incor- poration by the Collector And the Deacon is hereby Authorized to draw upon the Collector for said sum when called for by James M c Gregor the Collector appointed by the Magistrates and Town Council of Glasgow for uplifting the money subscribed for by the Corporations and others for the purpose above mentioned." Judged by modern standards, the figures may indeed seem relatively insig- nificant, but when we remember that it represents nearly a tenth of their entire funds at that time, the scope and scale of their generosity may be more fairly estimated. A year later, 22nd December, 1778, we find them adding their quota Opposition of opposition to the proposed repeal of the penal laws against the Papists, to "^Tf 1 ^," as Catholics were then called, addressing a letter to Lord North, "provided the Committees from the other Trades and Trades House approve of this Measure," and forming a committee to carry out their appeal against a policy which was then the occasion of wide-spread sentiment and alarm. We may perhaps now smile at their groundless fears, but we should not forget that the temporal power of the Vatican was still a strong political factor in European politics a hundred and thirty years ago, and the idea of religious toleration was only beginning to make itself felt and appreciated in Georgian Britain. In the end of 1786, we see the incorporation opposing "an intended plan for altering the present Law respecting the im- Proposed portation of Meal and Grain into Scotland proposed to brought into alteration of Parliament by the Land holders in and about Edin r by which they opposed, propose that a prooff of the price shall be taken quarterly at Edin r before a Jury of fifteen landed men in the County of Mid Lothian — and according to that prooff the ports for the importation of Grain into Scotland shall be shut or opened." At Whitsunday, 1790, the hammermen concur with the Magistrates, the Council of the Chamber of Commerce, and other committees formed to oppose the passing of the Corn Bill, described by them as 222 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Abolition of slavery supported. French Revolution. " a Sett of new Regulations lately proposed to the House of Commons and now going into the House of Lords by which Regulations the Commerce and Manufactures of the Inhabitants of this part of the united Kingdom particularly in and about Glasgow will be greatly hurt and injured. The Meeting are therefore of opinion That this Incorporation ought to concurr with the Magistrates and Council the Chamber of Commerce and other Committees or Corporate Bodies in Petitioning Pailiament and using every other lawfull and Constitutional means for preventing the Grievances & hardships to be apprehended from the proposed alteration in the Corn Laws and authorize the Deacon to subscribe in the name of this Incorporation alongst with other Corporate Bodies a Petition to be presented to the House of Lords against the proposed Alterations." In the January following they hasten to minute their approval of the Act passed by the Trades House with reference to the Corn Bill "at present pending in Parliament for regulating the importation of Corn, &c, and agree to Concurr in every measure therein suggested." We find evidence of their interest and active co-operation in the humanitarian movement initiated by William Wilberforce (1759-1833) and Thomas Clarkson (1760-1846), the author of the History of the Abolition of the Slave Trade. In a minute of 23rd February, 1792, we read — "That it was moved in the Meeting and unanimously agreed to that the Deacon John Steven should in name of this Incorporation sub- scribe a Petition from the Trades House proposed to be sent to Par- liament for the abolition of the Slave trade." The first mutterings of the thunderstorm of revolution which was to overwhelm France had just been heard in Britain when, in the end of that year, the hammermen of Glasgow assembled in the Laigh Kirk session- house at the summons of their deacon, who " had called the Incorporation together by an order from the Conveners house that they might give their Sentiments upon the present measures of the times which agitate public opinion. The meeting," we are told, "unanimously came to the following resolutions : — " 1st. We declare unanimously that we admire and revere the British Constitution as fixed by the Glorious revolution in 1688 and will to the utmost of our power give every aid and assistance in our power to support the same. THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 223 "2d. We farther declare that we with the greatest indignation reprobate every Libellous or seditious publication that tends to disturb the piece of Society or unhinge the present Constitution asserted in King Lords & Commons at the same time where we see writings of merrit tending to enlighten mankind and improve Society we think the authors entitled to the good Countainance of the Community. "3rd. We farther declare that if tumult or riot happen in this City we will attend the Magistrates and use every exertion in our power to prevent and suppress the same, but we are happy to say that not the least symtoms of Mob or riot in these times has hitherto made the least appearance in this City and appoints the Deacon to sign these Resolutions." In the beginning of 1798 we find the craft once more evincing their Contributions ... .... . . , ... of members sturdy loyalty and patriotism by agreeing to raise a voluntary contribution i n aid of " as an aid to Government." What the total amount raised came to is not British Government. mentioned ; but in the minutes of a general meeting held in the Trades Hall on the 27th of February of that year we learn that £174 had already been subscribed by members of the incorporation. This public-spirited action was, in the subsequent June, followed up by The "Trades their hearty co-operation with the Trades House in an endeavour to raise JH'r 1011 a battalion of craftsmen for the defence of the city and suburbs, to be called (1798). "the Trades Battalion of Royal Glasgow Volunteers." The scheme, how- ever, nearly fell through, owing to differences of opinion arising as to the appointment of officers, but the Trades House committee ultimately adopted the decision of the craft, "that the Corps shall be under the command of such Officers, Ser- geants & Corporals as shall be pointed out or recommended by the the Majority of the Corps ; and also in the case of any vacancies, the new Officers shall be those recommended by the Majority of the corps ; " which was substituted for the original resolution of the Trades House, "that the Corps shall be under the command of such officers as the General Committee may recommend to the Lord Provost, Magistrates, Dean of Guild and Convener ; and in case of vacancies, new officers should be recommended by the said Committee in manner above- mentioned." Thereupon, the hammermen expressed their approval and support in a minute of 28th June, 1798 : — 224 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Public pur- chase and re-sale of corn to avert famine. Trades Bat- talion scheme revived (i 803) "The meeting . . . find that the Trades House very properly passed from a considerable part of their first proposals and had adopted the suggestions made by this Incorporation in their minute of the 8th curr'. The meeting therefore unanimously approve of this last minute of the Trades House and resolve to use their utmost exertions to forward the objects of that minute." After appointing a committee, consisting of the deacon and five members, they instructed these "Committee men to apply to the different members of the Incorpora- tion for their concurrence and signatures to an Offer of Service in terms of the Minute of the Trades House abovementioned and for their accommodation to divide the Town into such districts as they may judge most convenient for the members of the committee. The meeting request of these Gentlemen to use their best endeavour to obtain subscriptions, and from time to time to report their progress to the Deacon." In the end of 1799, we find the members of the incorporation giving further evidence of their patriotic zeal and devotion in another direction. In response to an appeal of the Lord Provost and Town Council, endorsed by the Trades House, which had independently contributed five hundred pounds for the object, the hammermen authorised the subscription of two hundred and fifty pounds from their funds, " to avert the threatened scarcity of meal corn and other provisions and to secure a sufficient supply of these for the support of the poor." A year later they renewed their guarantee of £250 for the same object, less 15 per cent, on the previous contribution, being the difference or loss sus- tained, and the collector was authorised to pay the amount of that loss when called upon. It may be of interest to note the total amount expended by the general committee in the purchases of corn. It amounted to .£54,339 13s., on which a loss was sustained of £2,600 15s. 6d. Deduct- ing £2,400, i.e., 15 per cent, on the total subscriptions to insure against loss, which came to £16,000, an adverse balance of £200 15s. 6d. remained, against which the estimated value of grain, etc., on hand being set, the the debt was reduced to £59 16s. iod. On the 2nd August, 1803, we find the members of the craft again supporting a scheme for raising a Trades Battalion, essentially the same as that proposed and adopted after alterations five years previously, which would seem, for some reason or other, to have fallen through. This time, THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 225 the Trades House suggested a battalion of Goo craftsmen, to be termed the Trades Battalion of Glasgow Volunteers. " The meeting having deliberated upon the business unanimously approve of the plan proposed by the Trades House and Resolve to exert their utmost endeavours to carry the plan into immediate execution. But they take the liberty of suggesting to the Trades House that the offer of service in case of Actual Invasion should be extended to any part of Great Britain to which his Majesty or the Commander in Chief may order them." A month later, on the Trades House recommending that the incor- poration should contribute part of its funds to clothe the battalion, they decided not to appropriate the funds of the incorporation for this purpose, and "they recommend it to the individuals of the incorporation to make such contributions out of their own pockets as they shall judge proper" ; but on the 19th January of the next year, "considering that this incorporation formerly unanimously voted for this Battalion being offered to Government — and that there is the strongest reason to believe that an invasion of this Country will very soon be attempted by our Enemies, the meeting Unanimously agree and Vote One hundred pounds sterling from the funds of this incor- poration for the purposes of the Trades Battalion. And in order that the Poor's funds may not suffer by this contribution they also unani- mously agree and resolve to raise their quarter Accompts of Two shillings to three shillings yearly to be contributed and paid by the freemen of the trade until the above sum of One hundred pounds sterling and interest thereon be reimbursed." The next instance that we note of the active interest displayed by Contribution them in promoting the public good is their contribution, on 25th April, to As - vlllm - 1806, from their funds of twenty-five pounds in response to the appeal of a Mr. Robert M'Nair, treasurer to the Lunatic Asylum proposed to be established in Glasgow. We may observe in passing that in answer to Deacon Convener Cleland's appeal for contributions at the laying of the foundation stone of the Glasgow Asylum, 2nd August, 1810, the incorpora- tion responded with a subscription often guineas, although in January of that year they had declined to apply any part of their funds for that purpose. A year later (1807) we nr) d the incorporation backing up the move- Civil trial ment initiated by the Trades House in support of the Bill then before Scothnd" Parliament "for restoring to Scotland the trial by jury in certain civil supported, causes." 15 226 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. The Trades House, in their remit to the craft, had expressed them- selves as being "deeply impressed with the incalculable advantages that will arise to Scotland in general and to this large Commercial and trading city in particular from the adoption of such mode of trial and unanimously resolved to present a humble Petition to the House of Peers, praying .that the Bill may be passed into law, and that in the Petition an earnest request be made to explain the trial by jury extended to the judge Ordinary before whom such trials were formerly made." This proposal having been duly considered and discussed by the representative officials of the craft, they "unanimously approved of the resolution of the Trades house as expressed in the preceding Extract and recommend the business to the Consideration of the Incorporation." Address to At the same meeting (28th April, 1807) we read that the King. ° r " the Deacon having proposed to address his Majesty upon the late change of Administration, it was unanimously resolved to do so, and the Meeting appointed Messrs. Napier, Liddel, and Aird, as a Com- mittee to prepare the address and to meet with the masters at the Trades house half-an-hour before the meeting of the Incorporation." This address, which was, a week later, read to the general meeting held in the Trades Hall, and unanimously approved of and voted for, was as follows : — " To the King's Most Excellent Majesty. "The humble and dutiful address of the Deacon Collector, Masters, and other Members of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow. " Most Gracious Sovereign, impressed with a due sense of the great and important blessings we enjoy under Your Majesty's Govern- ment, we would shew a Criminal indifference were we to consider the scrupulous regard and fervent zeal which have at all times regulated your Majesty for the preservation of our religious laws and liberties, more particularly at this interesting Conjuncture, and silently withhold our loyal acknowledgments for your wise and steady resolution to secure inviolate our glorious Constitution in Church and State. We therefore approach the throne with our warmest and most unfeigned THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 227 gratitude for the dignified and decided support and protection recently given by your Majesty to the Protestant reformed Religion, as by law established, and for the firm and Constitutional exercise of your royal prerogative to preserve the independence of the Crown. That your Majesty's most precious life may be long preserved, and that your subjects may be fully sensible of the blessings of your Majesty's most auspicious Government in the protection of everything dear to them, is the ardent prayer of your Majesty's loyal and faithful subjects of this Incorporation. [Signed] "James Gray." The Minute then goes on to record the resolutions come to with regard Jury trial to the proposed improvements in Scotch judicature. They were, briefly, re orra ' to the following effect : — The form of procedure before the Court of Session having proved excessively expensive and tedious, and all ranks in Scotland desiring a change in the administration of justice in that court, as by the adoption of trial by jury in civil as well as criminal cases in Scotland — "That a Committee be appointed to prepare a Petition to the House of Lords, praying that their Lordships may speedily take this important matter into their consideration, and adopt such measures as they in their wisdom shall judge proper on the occasion ; and that the Com- mittee be directed to concur with any other Incorporations or Societies who may entertain the same opinions, and take every constitutional means to secure their object, and that these resolutions, together with the Address to his Majesty, which has been unanimously voted by the Incorporation, be published in the Glasgow Newspapers : that a copy thereof be transmitted to the Right Honourable Viscount Melville : and that the Dean shall request of that Nobleman to present their Petition to the House of Peers." In April, 1814, the clerk is instructed to ascertain — Cost of Glasgow "whether or not the Sum of One hundred Pounds which was taken Volunteers' from the funds of the Incorporation [in 1804] for the purpose of refunded, cloathing the Trades Battalion of Volunteers has been repaid by the addition of One Shilling per annum which was then made to the Quarter Accounts of each member for the purpose of refunding that sum." No further reference to this matter can be traced till 1817, when the clerk was able to lay before the Hallow Court a detailed "statement" 228 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. (which was duly engrossed) "shewing that the £100 advanced by the Incorporation of Hammermen for assisting the Trades Battalion have been refunded." But this was not all. A note appended to the statement conveys the grateful information that at the Lammas Court of 18 15 the loan was already more than repaid, but that as " the Members notwith- standing had continued paying the quarter accounts at the same rate," there was now a credit balance of £27 17s. 2d., the ultimate destination of which we learn later on. Repeal of At the general meeting in the Trades House on the 27th April, 1814, Com Laws we fj nc j t | le cra f[ a cr a in taking an active interest in the course of public opposed. & & r affairs. On this occasion the incident that calls for their collective inter- vention is the proposal to alter the then existing Corn Laws. We read that— "the meeting having taken into their Serious Consideration certain alterations proposed to be made upon the present Corn Laws, and deliberated thereon, are unanimously of opinion that these alterations will not only be attended with the certain Consequences of increasing the Price of the Necessaries of life, but will be highly injurious to the Manufacturing interests of this Country, as by raising the Price of Provisions to the labouring Poor, the Necessary Consequence of increasing the expense of Manufactures and work of all kinds must follow to such a degree that Goods made in this Country will Cost so much, that they Cannot be carried to Foreign Markets at Such Prices as to Compete with those furnished by other Nations. The meeting therefore unanimously resolved that this Incorporation will join with other public bodies or individuals, who entertain Similar Sentiments, in opposing by every legal and Constitutional Means the Proposed alterations of the Present Corn Laws, and appoint a Committee for that purpose. They also Appoint this Minute to be Published in the Glasgow Courier, Herald, and Chronicle ; as also in the London Courier and Star Newspapers." The same subject engaged their attention a year later, when they embodied their resolutions in Petitions addressed to the Prince Regent and both Houses of Parliament. Burghreform In the beginning of 1818 we find the incorporation again engaged in promoting the movement for burgh reform in Scotland, and more especially in their own city and Royalty of Glasgow. It may be of in- terest to their present-day successors to read the resolutions which they then formulated — THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 229 " 1st. That many of the abuses which have prevailed in the Scottish system of Burgh Magistracy and have frequently been com- plained of exist at present to a certain extent in this City and ought to be remedied. "2nd. That the Magistrates at present in office are esteemed by this Incorporation as Men of probity and liberality, equally well acquainted with what is due to themselves and to their fellow Citizens, and this meeting will not for a moment suppose that men of such principles would wish to perpetuate such abuses as may have crept into the system of managing the affairs of this great and populous City. " 3rd. That therefore an application shall immediately be made to have such abuses corrected in future, and that a new Set of the Burgh be applied for upon free and liberal principles, and that the Trades, as represented in the Trades House, should thereby have the uncontrolled right of electing their Deacon Convener and the Trades Councillars, and that the Magistrates of Glasgow should annually publish and circulate among the members of the Merchants and Trades Houses and Burgesses at large a printed copy of the State of the City of Glasgow's funds and property, as was formerly used to be done, but which good practice has been for a long time given up or neglected. "4th. That this Trade will co-operate with other Incorporations, public bodies, and Citizens, in every temperate and constitutional measure for obtaining a free and open set of the Burgh of Glasgow as above proposed, and for that purpose they appoint the Deacon, Messrs. James Wyllie, William Ure, James M'Vicar, William Logan, Robert Reid, and William Drew, or any four of them, and the Deacon to be Convener, as a Committee to adopt such measures as they shall judge most effectual for bringing about the object wished for. " And lastly, that these resolutions be published once in all the Glasgow Newspapers." A year later, on the 23rd April, 18 19, practically the same resolutions were again passed, with the addition that — "they appoint the Deacon to sign a Petition to Parliament [which embodied these resolutions], in name of this Incorporation, praying for a Reform in the Set of the Royal Burghs of Scotland, and to forward the same to the Honourable Lord Archibald Hamilton, M.P. for the County of Lanark, to be presented to the House." 230 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Questions of House of Commons Commission. Answers of the incor- poration. In answer to this Petition, the Committee of the House of Commons sent out a circular of queries to be answered for their information and guidance : — (i) as to the present sett of the burgh, and mode of electing the Magistrates and Council, with any alterations thereon since 1780; (2) as to the lists of burgh officials since 1780, their domicile and status ; (3) as to burgh taxes imposed by the Magistrates aud Council ; (4) as to all other imposts, 1788 — 1818 ; (5) as to burgh revenues for 1788, 1798, 1808, and 1818 ; (6) as to annual expenditure for these years ; (7) as to burgh funds and any property alienated since 1707 ; (8) as to annual income ; and (9) as to burgh debts, etc. At the general meeting of the incorporation, in the Trades Hall, on 24th June, 1819, the Committee appointed to answer the foregoing queries gave in their report, and suggested the following answer, which was unanimously adopted : — " The answer to the Letter of the Select Committee of the Honour- able House of Commons, to whom the Petitions from the Royal Burghs of Scotland have been referred, must necessarily be very brief, because from the system of Polity which has prevailed for so long a period in the Burgh of Glasgow, the Burgesses have been excluded from all means of knowing any thing respecting the management of Burgh affairs, excepting in so far as the measures of the Magistrates and Council became matters of public notoriety or the subject of Legislative enactment." After this preface it proceeds : — "During last year twelve of the fourteen incorporated Trades of of the City framed resolutions declarative of the necessity of a reform in the Set or constitution of the Burgh, and appointed Committees from their Bodies to carry their resolutions into effect. The measures pursued by these Committees are detailed in a printed report, copies of which are herewith sent, whereby the Committee of the House of Commons will see more distinctly what the petitioners have to com- plain of in general, and the necessity which existed for them to lay their cause before the legislature at this time, along with the other royal THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 231 burghs in Scotland, which report to a certain extent precludes the necessity of a more elaborate statement. The petitioners consider it necessary, however, in obedience to the orders of the Committee, to submit the following observations in support of the allegations in the petition, which was lately laid on the table of the House of Commons : — " First. SELF ELECTION. — From this system as the source of all '■ Self our grievances arises every other abuse, as Trades Burgesses we are totally excluded from all voice in the nomination of the Magistrates and Council between whom there does not exist a shadow of sympathy, more than if we were inhabitants of another Kingdom. Nor do they on the other hand in any instance consider themselves bound to acknowledge us in any measure relative to the Public affairs of the Burgh. The consequences of this have been incessant disputes between the Magistrates and inhabitants respecting almost every public measure, and which has always been attended with great expense to the latter while the former fought the battle with the Public funds." "Second. PUBLIC PROPERTY. — At one time this Burgh possessed 2. Public extensive domains, the greater part of which (the public Green or prop rj ' Park excepted) has either been sold or alienated. In Seventeen hundred and eighty nine, an account of the alienations of the property belonging to the City of Glasgow from the Union down to that period, was by order of the Honourable the House of Commons made up and presented to that House, and for the subsequent sales We beg to refer to the report of the twelve Incorporations." " Third. IMPOSITION OF TAXES. — -With regard to measures of 3- Imposition of tlLXCS this nature the Burgesses have within the last twenty or thirty years been frequently called on to resist the designs of their Self-elected Rulers. Under pretence of indemnifying the City funds for certain losses said to be incurred in some speculations on grain in the year Eighteen hundred and three, they were threatened with a tax of nine pence in the pound on their house rents, the successful resistance of which cost the Inhabitants much trouble and expense. The Police Bills also were cause of great dissatisfaction to the Burgesses before they were modified from measures of the most despotic and arbitrary nature, and before the Inhabitants could obtain a voice in the election of the Commissioners, or any controul over the expenditure, and on occasion of one of these Police Bills so very offensive were the provi- 232 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. 4. Public revenue. Glasgow Statute Labour Bill supported. sions to the Burgesses and Inhabitants generally, that it was not till after meetings of the Public Bodies and Inhabitants were called to remonstrate against it, and at last petitioning the Honourable the House of Commons to be heard by Counsel against the Bill that the Inhabitants were successful in having it withdrawn so determined were the Magistrates and Council to carry their obnoxious measure of an armed Police. Some few years ago a tax was attempted to be imposed on the rental of the houses under the pretence of building Churches and paying the Stipends of Ministers, etc., when it was obvious that there was sufficient accommodation for all who attended. Even this present year, the Inhabitants have, as by a miracle escaped from a most oppressive Statute Labour tax contrary to the terms of the existing Police Bill which would have been fully equal to the whole revenue of the City, it being so managed when the notice for this Bill in terms of the standing orders of the House of Commons was given that any intention of taxing the Citizens of Glasgow for this purpose was never dreamed of." "Fourth. Public Revenue. — On this head, till last year it will be seen from the printed report, p. 34, the Burgesses were completely ignorant. An abstract of the City Revenue and Disbursements for the year Eighteen hundred and seventeen was then published volun- tarily by the Magistrates and Council, this was so far good, and the Magistrates and Council are certainly entitled to credit for what they have in this instance done, and it is submitted that they should be bound in future to continue a similar publication of accounts annually. " Of the conduct and management of the Public affairs by the Gentlemen who at present fill the office of Magistrates and Counsellors, more than we have already stated in the outset, we are entirely ignorant. It is not of men we complain, it is of system, and we hesitate not to say, that so long as the present practice shall continue, good magistrates however much their own minds may revolt, at the way in which they were obliged to treat their fellow citizens can do nothing effectually to check existing evils, and bad men are entrusted with a power which they may abuse and pervert with impunity." On the 25th January of the next year, we find the whole incorporation giving their support to the proposed Statute Labour Bill "unanimously with the exception of one dissenting voice of one who does not live in Glasgow," and appointing their "resolutions to be published in the Courier and Herald newspapers of Glasgow." THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 233 We learn incidentally the number of members in the Incorporation of Membership Hammermen at that period to be 375 from an answer of the deacon to the 3 3 Lord Provost asking for information on that and other matters in connection with the craft. A little over a year later a general meeting of the incorporation, while Glasgow approving on the whole of the Police Bill as " in general calculated to sup p rted. promote the good of the community, suggested some emendations. " First. That no Member of Council should be eligible as a Commissioner of Police. " Second. That the Police assessment Eight hundred Pounds per annum should be considerably increased. " Third. The expense of the fire department should not be thrown on the Police, but should be paid by the Insurance Companies, and by the proprietors of the houses where not insured. "Fourth. That the power of dismissing the servants of the Police should not be vested in the Magistrates but in the weekly meetings of the Commissioners. "Fifth. It does not appear reasonable to throw the expense of forming and repairing the foot pavements on the Proprietors of Houses fronting the Streets. It would be more equitable that this expense should be borne equally by the front and back owners, or rather the whole of this expense should be paid from the Statute Labour assessment. "Sixth. While it is expedient that possessors of the lower flats of houses fronting the streets should be obliged to keep the pavements clean opposite to their premises it is proper that they should be allowed some remuneration for their trouble. " The reservation in the bill of a right of relief ag 1 the possessors of the upper stories is not found in practice to answer the purpose. . . . The possessors of the lower flats should be allowed a propor- tional deduction from their police assessment. " Seventh. As right is reserved to the Shoemakers of the City and Vicinity to expose their wares in the streets on Market-days, it ought also to have been extended to the Hammermen as they have undoubtedly the same right. "Eighth. While it is highly proper that the quantity of powder within the city should be limited, it is also proper that a place of Deposit should be provided at a sufficient distance from the City." 234 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Petition against admission of Catholic Peers. The " New- Bridge, " ( rlasgow. Tradeston interests supported. In June, 1822, we find the hammermen petitioning the House of Lords against the admission of Catholic Peers, the Bill having then recently passed the House of Commons. In it they justify their action : "The Petitioners do not wish to make religious opinions the test of civil privileges, but they cannot help thinking it just that men holding religious opinions against the toleration of Protestantism should hold no part in the legislature of a protestant country, till these opinions be disavowed by the Church to which no approach has yet been made. This danger it humbly appears to the Petitioners is greatly increased when it is considered that every member of the Romish Church owes an unqualified allegiance to the Pope — a foreign Potentate whose interest is the ruin of that liberty, civil and religious, so long and so firmly established in this land." Once more four years later, in May, 1826, we find them addressing practically the same petition to Parliament with the same object. The next occasion calling for the active intervention of the craft was presented by the passing through Parliament of a Bill for the widening, etc., of what was then called the New Bridge. This project had their entire approval ; they formed a Committee to prepare and present a petition to Parliament, thanked the Bridge Trustees through their deacon "for their uniform and prompt attention to the interests of the public," directed that their resolutions should be published, and their Petition engrossed in the Minutes of the incorporation. From the latter we are incidentally in- formed that " the Barony of Gorbals, where the Bridge opposite Jamaica Street was built, contained only a few hundred inhabitants, while now it contains about 30,000." They not only instance the increase of population on the south side of the river as an evidence of the importance and necessity of the proposed measure, but they also disclose their personal interest in the matter. They frankly declare that they " in common with the other Trades have a deep interest in the state of the Bridges across the River Clyde which separates the city of Glasgow from the Barony of Gorbals, where the valuable property belonging to the Trades of Glasgow is situated. In consequence of this interest, the Petitioners have seen with much satisfaction a bill brought before your Honourable house for improving the Bridge opposite to Jamaica Street and for providing adequate funds for the future support of the Bridge without increasing the present pontage. THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 235 That the feuars of Tradeston who pay by far the greater part of the pontage, as will appear by Petitions before your Honourable house, look upon the present measure as Calculated to afford them a Safe and convenient Access to Glasgow at a moderate rate. . . . That in point of fact the narrowness and great acclivity of the Bridge render it not only highly inconvenient but extremely dangerous, in consequence of which many serious accidents have been produced. That the conduct of the Bridge Trustees has always met with the general approbation both of the Citizens of Glasgow and of the Inhabitants of Gorbals, who have by far the most material interest in the Trust under their charge, and the proposed measure is in the Opinion of the Petitioners both in its principle and details not only important to the adjacent property but advantageous to the general interest of the trade of Glasgow." The echo of a long forgotten controversy which agitated the business The question circles of Glasgow in 1827 is found in a minute of a general meeting of the as . to , the site or t ho It1a.s— Incorporation in the Trades Hall on the 29th of May of that year, to gow Royal oppose the selection of the site in Queen Street (which was, however, Excnan g e - ultimately adopted) for the Royal Exchange. The site of the old Star Inn, now occupied by the Bank of Scotland's head office, had been thought of at first, but had been subsequently abandoned when the choice lay between Argyle Street and Queen Street. It may be a matter of more than merely antiquarian interest to note the reasons which the worthy craftsmen set forth as the ground and foundation of their determined opposition to the latter selection. " The Meeting having fully discussed this important question resolved unanimously — " 1. That Exchange buildings in Argyle street on a style of magnificence suited to the extended Trade of Glasgow would embellish and adorn a street which is deservedly the pride of every Glasgow citizen, and that there such an erection could not fail to strike the eye and arrest the attention of every stranger. " 2. That this — being so near the centre of the city as to afford no ground for complaint on the part of proprietors or residenters at either extremity that their property or personal con- venience had been sacrificed to the interest of others — is the only situation where Exchange buildings can be erected consistently with a just regard to the interest and convenience of the citizens at large. 27,6 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. "3. That such buildings in Queen Street, however splendid in themselves, being entirely off what is, and must ever continue to be, the great thoroughfare, would be comparatively no ornament to the city — would be out of the way of strangers, and would be decidedly inconvenient to a great majority of the citizens. "4. That Queen Street, being almost the western boundary of the Royalty, the effect of setting down the Exchange in that Street would be the removal of Counting houses beyond the Royalty, because in this way Merchants would combine exemption from all Burgh assessments with the advantage of immediate vicinity to the Exchange. And thus those who derive the greatest advantage from the City of Glasgow would be lotally exempted from supporting its poor and contributing to its other necessary expenses, while at the same time they form the class best able to bear the burdens. "The meeting therefore unanimously resolved to co-operate with the other public bodies of the city in every measure the effect of which may be to oppose the removal of the Exchange to Queen Street or to secure its erection in Argyle Street, and with that view they recom- mend to their individual members a general subscription in support of the resolutions now adopted. " It was further resolved that the manly and independent conduct adopted by the Lord Provost in this business has been highly becoming the Chief Magistrate of such a City — and that the view of the question taken by Mr. Campbell of Blythswood, independent of his interest as the principal proprietor to the westward, is equally praiseworthy. The Meeting therefore voted to both these gentlemen their cordial thanks, which the Deacon was instructed to communicate." The question of Catholic emancipation was again engaging public attention very keenly at the beginning of 1829, and a petition, practically reproducing the terms of those drawn up and forwarded by the incorpora- tion in 1822 and 1826, was again drawn up and duly presented to both Houses of Parliament. Annexation At the close of this year the incorporation passed the following Ul thswood resolutions with regard to the proposed Bill for the annexation of the lands opposed. of Blythswood to the Royalty of Glasgow : — THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 237 " 1. That the annexation — if carried into effect upon the principle of equal burdens and equal privileges — would be attended with many and obvious advantages : while such annexation — upon the principle of granting to the Proprietors and Possessors of the annexed lands full participation in the privileges combined with total or partial exemption from the burdens of the ancient Royalty — would be unjust in itself and most injurious to the interests of the Citizens at large. " 2. That the proposed annexation does proceed upon the principle of conceding to the Proprietors and Possessors of the Lands of Blythswood all the privileges of the ancient Royalty without imposing upon them the burdens and exacting from them the dues which ought to be in the annexed lands, as in point of fact they are in the ancient Royalty, the price of these privileges. " 3. That in particular the proposed exemption from payment of Statute Labour money, poor rates, Trades Stent, Ladle dues, Multures, etc., would render it impossible for the inhabitants of the ancient Royalty to compete with the Inhabitants of the annexed lands — each having all the privileges of the City, while the former exclusively bear its burdens. "4. That while the proposed bill would operate thus hurtfully upon the general interests of the City it would tell more immediately and more ruinously upon the interests of the Incorporated Trades inasmuch as Tradesmen of every denomination would be enabled to carry on their business free not only from the general taxes of the City but also from the Special taxes incident to the freedom of the Trade, which being devoted exclusively to the support of decayed Members and their families reduces the assessment for the City poor to the extent of £4,000 or £5,000 sterling per annum. " 5. That irrespective of its obvious injustice in principle, the practical effect of the proposed bill would necessarily be to remove from the City many of those — both Merchants and Tradesmen — who at present justly bear the heaviest proportion of its local taxes and its poors' rates and to decrease the means of those who remain. That especially the Incorporated Trades would have their poors' roll heavily augmented at the same time that their funds — arising as they do in no small degree from the entry money and annual payments of Members — would be almost entirely destroyed : and thus there would be thrown on the impoverished Citizens of the Ancient Royalty a burden of which when better able to support it they were entirely relieved. 238 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. "6. That for these and many other reasons this Incorporation will cordially co-operate with the Trades House and other public bodies of the city in opposing in every stage of its progress a Bill so plainly injurious to the interest and dignity of the Ancient Royalty with which view they appoint the Deacon and Collector and Messrs. — [Here follow the names of six members] — as a Committee to correspond on the subject with such other public bodies as may adopt similar views. " 7. That these resolutions be published in all the Glasgow newspapers." The next meeting of the master court held at the Caledonian Inn on the 9th February, 1830, followed up these resolutions by recommending a vote of ^150 to assist in carrying them into effect. And accordingly at an adjourned general meeting a fortnight later, in spite of a protest to the contrary, £100 was voted for that purpose. The The next matter of public import which we find engaging the atten- Keform Bill j.j on an j secur ; n g th e support of the craft, was the proposed Bill for the Reform of the House of Commons, and on the 5th of May, 1831, we find the incorporation unanimously passing resolutions in favour of the measure, naming a Committee for the purpose of earring them into effect, and ordering their publication in the Glasgow press. It may be of interest to quote their address to the King : — Address to " To the King's Most Excellent Majesty. "We your Majesty's Loyal and Dutiful Subjects the Incorporated Hammermen of the city of Glasgow most humbly approach your Majesty to express our ardent attachment to your Majesty's Royal Person and Family, the high sense we entertain of your Majesty's constant regard to the welfare of your people ; our heartfelt gratitude for the seasonable exercise of your Majesty's prerogative in dissolving the late Parliament when a Majority in the House of Commons in opposition to the common voice of the Nation, voted against the plan of Reform proposed by your Majesty's Ministers ; our assured con- viction that such a Reform is indispensably necessary to restore and preserve our venerated constitution ; and our unshaken confidence in the ability and integrity of your Majesty's Ministers. "And we pray that your Majesty may long and happily reign over a Free, Loyal and Happy Nation. "Signed by the Deacon and sealed with the seal of the Incor- poration by the unanimous appointment of a General Meeting of the Incorpor" of Hammermen of Glasgow held in the Trades Hall there, this fifth day of May Eighteen hundred and thirty one." THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 239 On the Peers' rejection of the Reform Bill, another address to the King was sent by the incorporation, in which they thus express their political convictions : — "In common with the great body of our Fellow Subjects we felt as a National Calamity the rejection by the House of Peers of the Bill for reforming the Representation of the people in the Commons House of Parliament. " Convinced that on the speedy passing into Law of a Measure of Reform equally full and efficient depend the Glory and Stability of our invaluable Constitution as well as all the great interests of our Country we beg to express our firm and unshaken confidence in your Majesty's able honest and patriotic Ministers who devised and so ably advocated this great measure. And we most earnestly implore Your Majesty to use all Constitutional means including if necessary a creation of Peers sufficiently extensive to carry such a Reform through the higher branch of the Legislature." We discover in the Minutes of the Candlemas meeting of the following Contribution year, a significant allusion to the pestilential scourges of typhus and i--i, n d (fs^2) cholera, when the sum of fifty pounds was subscribed " with the view of taking precautions against the apprehended approach of Cholera Morbus and with the view of taking measures for sup- pressing Typhus Fever already so prevalent in the City." Evidence of the movement in favour of Municipal Reform is afforded Scottish in the record of a requisition from the Trades House for Reform. "an abstract of the Income and Expenditure of the Incorporation for the three years preceding Michaelmas 1831 for the use of the Trades House Committee on Municipal Reform." In May, 1832, the craft are again addressing the King and Parliament on the passing of the Reform Bill, expressing their gratitude to the Sovereign for recalling those ministers who had introduced it, and for the royal " support which had been vouchsafed to those members in carrying the Reform Bill unimpaired through the House of Peers," and assuring the latter that they "regarded with the highest admiration and the most profound grati- tude the constitutional means adopted for securing to the British Public the invaluable privileges of the Reform Bill when they had but too much reason to fear the loss of this long cherished object of their hopes and their wishes," 240 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Master court leets abol- ished (1833). Answers of the incor- poration to inquiries of tin- Burgh Commission. and begging their Honourable House to watch over the progress of the Bill, and in case it should appear in danger to do as to their wisdom might seem meet "to avert so great a calamity." At a general meeting held on the 27th September, 1S33, an Act was passed annulling the hitherto followed system of nominating leets for the master court, and the first election under the new system took place on the 17th September, 1834, when the twelve members were elected directly. The following statement which embodies matter of historical interest represents the answer of the craft to an enquiry from the Burgh Com- missioners as to the constitution and history of the incorporation has, fortunately, been preserved through having been minuted at the time — 4th November, 1833 : — 1. Its con- stitution and history. " I. Brief Statement of the Constitution and History of the Corporation. . . . "The Hammermen of Glasgow were more than three hundred years ago erected into a Corporation. "They now consist of above four hundred Members, and are governed by a Deacon, a Collector, and twelve Masters, who are elected annually. The late Deacon and late Collector are besides ex officio members of the Master Court. These office bearers not only labour gratuitously, but pay from their own funds the whole expenses incurred by them. " The Deacon, Collector, and six of the Masters have always been chosen by the whole freemen of the Corporation — but till the Burgh Reform Act was passed, the remaining six Masters were nominated by the Deacon. In consequence of the Resolutions mentioned under the Note of Enquiry referring to the Burgh Reform Act, all the office Bearers are now chosen by the whole freemen of the Corporation by direct vote without the intervention of leets. The earliest Charter held by the Incorporation is dated nth October 1536. The fines and other payments of the Members of the Trade being by their Charter directed to be applied to Popish purposes. The Charter by which the disposal of their funds has been regulated is the Act of Constitution or Seal of Cause dated 6th October 1570 which on that point may be considered as the Constitution of the Corporation. A copy of the first of these Charters and of the material parts of the other will be found in the Appendix No. I. and the Charters themselves will be exhibited if required. THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 241 " There is also an Act of the Town Council of Glasgow dated 22 January 1676, increasing the entry money payable by strangers, and an Act of Ratification by the Magistrates and Council of an Agreement between the Corporation and the Hammermen of Gorbals dated 30 September 1693 which enacts various minor regulations regarding the affairs of the Corporation. Of these and various other Acts and Grants by the Magistrates &c, it has not been considered necessary to make copies — but if required by the Honourable Com- missioners the writings will be exhibited. "II. Boundaries within zvhich the exclusive privilege is or 2. Its terri- may be exercised. ory ' "The Ancient Royalty of Glasgow. "III. Funds of the Corporation either heritable or moveable — how 3. Its funds. raised, how vested, and how applied for the Corporation and other purposes. " The Corporation funds are as follows : — That part of the Barony of Gorbals called Tradeston belonging to the Trades House and certain of the Incorporated Trades divided into thirty one shares of which two belong to this Corporation. There has been received by the Incorporation from this Source for many years past upwards of £100 per annum. There being still a considerable part of these lands unfeued the value of the two shares may be very moderately valued at - Amount vested in the building of the Trades Hall, Sums lent out on heritable security, Do. personal security, Do. in Glasgow Bank, £7,079 3 " This may be considered the stock of the Incorporation which has risen to its present amount from small annual payments by the Members, freedom fines, dues of Apprentice bookings and partly it is believed from sums at remote periods mortified to the Incorporation. "Besides the Income arising from the Stock of the Incorporation, the members annually pay a sum of Two shillings each in name of Quarter accounts. New Entrants pay freedom fines of the amount stated in the Appendix No. II. varying as will be seen according as 16 £3.500 203 16 8 2,550 400 425 7 3 242 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. the Entiant is the son or son in law of a Freeman, a Freeman's .Apprentice or a Stranger. There are besides certain dues payable to the Corporation for Booking of Indentures. The average yearly income from these sources for the List five years lias been as follows — Freedom fines, .... ,£100 12 o Quarter Accounts, - - - 24 18 o Apprentice Hooking fees, - 990 £l34 '9 o The funds arc devoted to the decayed members of the Trade their widows and children. The yearly sum expended in this way on the average of the last five years is nearly £304. Besides this the Cor- poration nominates four of their poor Members as pensioners upon the funds of the Trades House (in which they have an interest along with the other Corporations) who receive each £8 or £32 per annum. The Corporation pays to the Town's Hospital £12 per annum and has occasionally subscribed liberally to the benevolent Institutions of the City such as the Royal Infirmary, the Eye Infirmary, the Blind Asylum, and has also subscribed largely to the general poor in times of scarcity as well as to objects of public utility. 4. Its charitable institutions. "IV. Any Widows' Schemes or other charitable Institutions of Corporation whether with or without Parliamentary authority. "There is no widows' scheme or other such Institution except what has been already described in answer to the last enquiry. " The entire funds of the Corporation are with the exception of its own current expenses and its subscriptions to purposes of public benevolence and utility entirely devoted to the decayed Members, their widows and orphan children, and the amount given to each is fixed after minute investigation into the circumstances of the applicant. That investigation is always conducted personally by the Members of the Master Court. 5. 30 years survey — a list of pro- secutions, accession of members, and entered apprentices. " V. Clerk to give a comparative List of Prosecutions for last jo years — of Intrant Members — Apprentices for same period, distinguishing the number each year. "The List of prosecutions, Intrants and Apprentices for the period above mentioned is as follows : — THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 243 Prosecutions. Apprentices. Intrants. 1803, 1803, 26 803, 1 1 1804, 2 1804, 17 804, 13 I 805, 2 1805, 21 805, 10 1806, 1 1806, 23 806, 22 1807, 3 1807, 25 807, 15 1808, 1808, 8 808, 8 1809, 1809, 28 809, 16 1810, I8IO, 25 8io, 28 181 1, 1811, 26 811, 14 1812, ... [812, 42 1 812, 17 1813, 2 1813, 22 813, 14 1 8 14, 1814, 23 1 814, 1 1 1815, ... 1815, 44 815, 19 1816, 1816, 26 816, 14 1817, 1817, 27 817, 14 1818, 2 1818, 24 i8ig, 14 1819, 1819, 48 819. 9 1820, 1820, 20 820, 9 1821, 4 1S21, 30 [821, 7 1822, 3 1822, 32 822, 15 1823, 3 1823, 40 1823, 13 1824, 7 1824, 70 1 824, 17 1825, 5 [825, 79 825, 39 1826, 3 1826, 69 826, 14 1827, 3 1827, 30 827, 29 1828, 4 1828, 56 828, 18 1829, 4 1829, 50 829, 16 1830, 3 1830, 44 1830, 25 1831, 3 1831, 33 831, 12 1832, 2 1832, 28 i 832, 9 " With reference to the prosecutions it is proper to explain that except twelve all the actions were decerned in absence, and of the twelve in which appearance was entered only about one half could be called litigated causes. It is proper also to state that the number of individuals prosecuted exceeds the number of prosecutions, more than one being frequently included in the same complaint or Lybel. 244 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. 6. Enforce- ment of exclusive privileges. " VI. How far the exclusive privileges now enforced compare with wliat they formerly were. " The exclusive privileges are now enforced as far as they ever were enforced within the Memory of the present Members of the Incorporation with the exception of New Trades, including Smith Work, to which the Corporation has not attempted to extend them, and with the exception of certain rules regarding the employment of servants which are not considered applicable to the present state of Society. 7. The inducements to enter afforded bj such privileges. 8. Conse- quences of eventual abolition. 9. Other advantages enjoyed by the incorpor- ation. "VII. Are those privileges any considerable inducement to enter? " It is certainly a great inducement to enter that freemen are allowed to carry on business within the Royalty of Glasgow. "VIII. Hotv far they could be safely abolished, always reserving Funds and other advantages to the Corporation. " They could not be abolished without entirely destroying the Corporation even as a friendly Society. The entry of Members is one source of its income — and without the exclusive privileges few would enter except those who pay the smallest freedom fines and were most likely to require aid from its funds. At present the Entrants, if reduced in circumstances, receive the benefit of funds they hoped never to require, but if the exclusive privileges were abolished they could enter only for the sake of the funds. So that in place of thriving tradesmen aiding their decayed Brethren with whose misfortunes they sympathized and whose families they are often enabled to assist, the Corporation would speedily become a society of paupers, and very soon its capital would be entirely exhausted. The consequence would be a vast increase upon the public assessment for the poor of the City and a corresponding deterioration in the character of the poorer classes of Citizens. " IX. What those other advantages are. " The advantages of the Corporation — besides its exclusive privi- leges and funds — consist chiefly in its connection with the Trades House which is an important Body in the City. To that House it sends six Representatives who have a voice in the election of the Convener and in appointing Trades Members to the Uean of Guild Court and Directors to various important public institutions. THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 245 " X. Right of Presentation to Hospital, etc. 10. Right of presentation "The Corporation is entitled to send destitute Members to the to hospital. Town Hospital and invalids to the Royal Infirmary. They have twelve children of their poorer Members constantly receiving education in the Trades School. "XI. Present State of Corporation generally. 11. Present state of the "The preceding answers anticipate all which can be said under incorpora- this Head. "XII. If not prosperous explain causes and suggest improvements. 12. Prosperity " The Corporation is prosperous. "XIII. Copies of any Resolutions of the Incorporation in reference 13. Resolu- to the Burgh Reform Bill. to B ur „ n , „,, ... . , . . . . ,. .. ,, T . .... Reform Bill. " I hese will be found in the Appendix No. III. In addition to which it is proper to mention that the Incorporation received with the highest satisfaction an alteration by the Trades House brought forward by the late Convener under the Burgh Reform Act by which the Representatives to the Trades House were directed to be chosen by the Trade in place of being as hitherto nominated by the Deacon. And this accordingly is now the law and practice of the Corporation. "XIV. Any other explanations or suggestions connected with the 14. Addi- above potnts. ^stions. "No other explanations or suggestions occur to the Trade but they will be happy to answer any farther enquiry which may be proposed." The intelligent and active interest taken by the hammermen of Proposed Glasgow in the public weal was next evinced by their careful consideration am £ ndmenf and critical revision of the enactments proposed in the Police Bill of 1837. Police Bill While generally approving of that measure, they were decidedly of opinion In certain particulars it required alteration and amendment. The next occasion which called for active intervention in public affairs on the part of the incorporation, was the Bill providing for the combination of the Glasgow Water Company with the Cranstonhill Water Company, 246 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Address to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert on the birth of King Edward (1841). Royal visit (1842). Petitions lo both Houses in favour of New Gas Company (■843). Abolition of exclusive privileges of Scottish in- corporations. ,£150 contri- buted to Crimean Fund. ,£50 voted for Glasgow Cathedral windows. when it was unanimously resolved to petition both Houses of Parliament against that arrangement being carried into effect. The incidence of the corn, sugar, and timber duties, formed the subject of a petition to both Houses of Parliament in June, 1841. The birth of the late King Edward was the occasion of an address of congratulation being presented by the incorporation to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in November, 1841. The following year the incorporation presented them with similar loyal addresses on the occasion of their visit to Scotland, which were graciously acknowledged. In March, 1843, the craft agreed to petition the House of Commons in favour of the New Gas Company, and in May of the same year, they addressed a similar petition to the House of Lords. On the 23rd March, 1846, there were received — " copies of the Lord Advocate's Bill for abolishing the exclusive privi- leges of the Incorporations of Scotland and of the Glasgow Municipal and Police Bills both of which this Committee as the guardians of these interests of the Incorporation appointed at Hallow Court, consider most injurious to the Incorporation." They direct a petition against the former to be forthwith transmitted to Mr. Lockhart, to be presented to the House of Commons — and they delay petitioning against the other, until the Bill be introduced into the House. At their meeting on the 16th November, 1854, the master court recommended a subscription of £100 to the Patriotic Fund "for aiding the wives and children of soldiers, sailors, and mariners, serving in the East," but the amount was raised to ^150 at the general meeting held a week later. Gn the nth April, 1856, the deacon reported — " that the Deacon Convener of the Trades House having at a recent meeting of that House read a letter from the Lord Provost in regard to the proposed decoration of the Glasgow Cathedral by putting stained glass in the windows thereof, the Trades House had enter- tained a proposal to vote a sum of .£500 in the expectation that they would be joined by the several Trades Incorporations in making contributions towards the same object. He accordingly brought the matter under the consideration of this meeting that they might express their views as to whether any, and if any, what contribution should be made on the part of this Incorporation. THE CRAFT'S SHARE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 24; " Having considered this matter, and luoking to the interest which had always been taken by the Incorporations of Glasgow in anything connected with the ancient Cathedral, the meeting were unanimous in thinking that, in the event of the Trades House making a vote to the extent stated, this Incorporation should join with the other Incorpora- tions of Glasgow disposed to contribute, and accordingly resolved to recommend a vote to the extent of £50 — but as such vote can only be made by a General Meeting they direct the Deacon to call one after the final resolution of the Trades House to make a grant of £500 shall have been ascertained." At the general meeting held on the 23rd May, 1856 — "the Deacon mentioned that the Trades House had resolved to con- tribute £500 for this purpose, and explained that this meeting had been called to come to a resolution on the subject. " It was then moved that this meeting adopt the recommenda- tion of the Master Court and vote Fifty pounds as a contribution from this Corporation towards providing stained glass windows for the Cathedral of Glasgow, which motion was seconded and unanimously carried." In connection with this vote, it has to be observed that the money so voted was not paid over to the authorities in charge of the decoration, some dispute having arisen as to the work having been done on the Continent and not in this country. In connection with Mr. James Buchanan's bequest for founding and The maintaining an industrial institution in the city, " provided the necessary P"*:! 13 "? 11 buildings are erected at the public expense," the incorporation subscribed £100 for that object, and this sum was authorized to be paid on the 31st May, i860. The hammermen of Glasgow evinced their loyalty to the throne by contributing five pounds towards the expense of illuminating the Trades House buildiugs on the occasion of the marriage of the late King Edward (then Prince of Wales) in February, 1863. In March, 1865, the incorporation petitioned Parliament against the Fire Insurance Tax. In August of the same year, the master court gave renewed proof of £3000011- their public-spititedness in recommending a contribution of £300 towards * ribut <;d the erection of the University buildings on Gilmorehill, and this was, with University generous unanimity, agreed to at the Lammas Court following. buildings. 248 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Contribution An admirable instance of the active interest always shown by the wounded in incorporation in philanthropic efforts, was shown in the autumn of 1870, Franco- when the Lammas Court meeting unanimously adopted the recommenda- Prussian war . ..... . c , , (1S70). tion of the master court that a contribution be given to the fund then being raised in this country for the relief of the wounded of both armies in the war between France and Prussia, and the master court subsequently voted ^15 for that object. /50 to Ben- In April, 1874, the incorporation gave a similar proof of their active Fund ("S74) sympathy with humanitarian movements in voting £50 to the Bengal Famine Fund, in response to an appeal from the Lord Provost. £300 eon- At the same meeting, the recommendation of the master court that a Western' contribution of ,£300 should be given to the building fund of the Western Infirmary Infirmary, was cordially agreed to. This handsome donation following so fund soon upon the similar contribution to the University, is an eloquent evidence of the wise generosity and public spirit which always animated their active interest in the welfare of the community at large. In October, 1885, the incorporation, in response to an urgent appeal from the Western Infirmary, felt "that they would be justified in departing from their usual course with regard to similar applications," and voted £2$ for that purpose. The marriage The marriage of our King, then Duke of York, with Princess May in of our King July, 1 893, was marked by a grant of 10s. to all the pensioners of the signalized. incorporation. This was doubtless appreciated by the recipients as an admirable mode of signalizing that auspicious event, as it certainly did credit alike to the loyalty and generosity of the craft. V* ^^B BP^. «■«.*■ pateh 5 ° isei — 1 900 Well known HAMMERMEN of the PAST. Appendix to Book I, «7 Appendix to Book I. I. THE SEAL OF CAUSE OF THE INCORPORATION OF HAMMERMEN. nth October, 1536. Tvll all and syndrye quham it efferis quhaise knawlege thir present Lres sal to cum Robert Stewart of Mento and Provest of Glasgw George Burall and Patrick Leon Bailzes of ye sayd Burgh Gretyng : Forsamekyll as ye Hedismen and Maysteris of ye Hemarmen Craft bayth Blaksmythis Goldsmy'is Lorymeris Sidleris Buklermalkars Armorrars and all utheris wythin ye sayd burgh hes hmlie menyt and shawin bayth to our Soverand Lord ye Kyngs Grace to my Lord Arsbiscop of Glasgw ye greyt skayth to us lak and iniuyr doun and ye greyt dampnage hurt and prejudice doun to our Soveran Lorddis ye Kyngs Realm and Legis in yr parttis as efter followis throue ye quhilks ye sayddis Crafttismen ar hereyt and put to povte beseikand our Soverand Lord gude Grace of remeyd and reformatioun yrof to set sic Statutis and wayis yrupon yat ye sayddis dampnage lak and iniuryis may be eschewit and ye sayddis Craft of Hemermen exersit in tyme to cu to ye hono r of our Soverand Lord and his Realm and to ye Qu^quhile and prophet of the sayddis Crafttismen and all utheris his Legis weheyrfor understandin ye resenable supplicatioun and just Petitioun of the sayddis Craftisme desyrng to set remeyd and to do justice y'intill to ye hono r of the sayd Burgh and comon weyl of ye sayd Craftisme and his hayll Realm ye comon prophet beying allwayis consideryt statut devysit and ordainit and be yir our pnt Lres Statutis devisis and ordainis yat na personnis of Hem'men Craft set upe buyth to wyrk w'in ye sayd Burgh quhyll y he be mayd ane freman y r of and be exemeyt be thre of the best maysteris of ye sayd Craft gif yat he be sufficiand wyrkand gude and suffan wyrk fyn stufe and abyll to ye service of o r Soverand Lord and his Legis and yan to be admittit to set up buyth he payand yrfor to )'e uphald of devyn Service to be doun at Sanct Eloyis Altar and reperrations of ye ornamentis yrof xx schillygis to be payit incotinet but ony tryst or favour Item yat every Craftisme y' talkis ane prenteiss to teych hym ye sayd Craft w'in ye said Burgh 252 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. sail pay i'ur his entris tea srhillygis to ye uphald of ye sayd alter and ornametis yrof incotinet but ony tryst or favo' Item yat nayn of ye saydis Craftisine tak na mannis serva' man nor preteiss to wyrk of ye sayd Craft quhyll his preteschip be fulfyllit and copleyttit under ye payn of xx ss. Item yat nane of ye sayddis Craftisme reseiff nor hit wyrk w'in his buyth na man w'out he be oudyr his preteiss or feyt s'vand sua yat ye Mayster of ye sayd buyth sail ansnar for his wyrk and fynes yrof Item yat nayne of ye sayd Crafttismen rasave nor tak hit wyrk wythin his Buyth na persone annuthir mannis preteiss nor s'vand nor gif him wyrk w'out it be kleyrly understand y' he be free of all mannis s'vice Item upon ilk Setterday eftyrnoun yat twa or three ye worthiest maisteris and of knowlege of ye said craft chozyng be ye hayll fellowship pas w' ane offes' to serche and se all rnanis Wyrk of ye said Craft gif it be sufficient in stuff and wyrkmaschip gude able wyrk to ye service of our Soverand Lord ye Kyng and his Legis and quhyr it beis funden falteis to forbyd ye samyn under ye payn of eschetyng yrof alls aft as it beis funden falteis Item yt all y' Craftismen aboun wryttin sail coveyn tym and place to be thocht expedient and alss oft to comond upon ye brekyn of y' Statutis aboun wryttin and to certify ye Provest and Bailzes yrof yat sal be for ye tym yat reformatioun and punycioun may be down as afferis Item yat every man brekkar of yir wryttin Statutis pay for ilk ane of yem alss oft as yai happin to be brokkyn in his defalt ane pund of wax to be tayn but ony favo' to ye reparatioun of ye alter and ornamentis yrof and yat all Men of ye said Craft do and fulfyll yr auld wise and cosuetude in all thyngis to ye uphald of devyn s'vice at ye sayd altar oukly and dayly and ane honorable Chaplen yrto as efferis and gif ye Maisteris and hedismen of ye sayd craft dois nocht y diligence to causs all yr Statutes to be observit and keepit aboun wrytten ye failzer yrof to be serehit and keipit yat yai sal be corrakyt and punyst yrfor be ye Provest and Baylzes as sal be seyn cosonant to resoun And yis to all quham it efferis or may effyr we mak it knawin faythfully be yir our present Lres and in witnessyng yrof we haf purchest w 1 instance the round Seyll of ane Maist Reverend Fadir in God Gavin Arsbiscop of Glasgw and Chancellar of Scottylland togyddir w' ye comon seyll of ye Chaptir of his seyd Kyrk and ye comond seyll of ye Cete and Toun of Glasgw to yir pntts to be hungin at ye cete of Glasgw the XI Day of ye Moneth of October ye zeyr of God ane thousand fyve hundreth thretty and sax zeris. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 253 II. ACT OF THE TOWN COUNCIL ANENT ENTRY FEES OF THE HAMMERMEN. 22nd January, i6j6. The proveist, baillies and counsell of the said burgh, being conveined anent the Act in supplicatioune given in and presented to them be the deacon of the hammermen J? VO L rls and his maisteris of craft and haill incorporatioune of the said trade, making men. mentioune that, wpon the ( ) day of ( ) j m vj c ( ) yeares, they having conveined and takin to their consideratioune how their poor multiplies wpon them, they not being able to supplie them, and finding that straingers who hes never servit their prenteiship with friemen in the said incorporatioune enters frie with the said trade, for payment of ane verie little and inconsiderable sowme of monye, sua that ther is verie litle betwixt these that hes servit their prenteiships with friemen, and these who ar altogether straingers, and thes who hes never servit at all, therfor that the poor of the said trade may be better supplied, and that the farder abuse of promiscuous admissiounes of friemen strangers might be stopped for tyme to come, they did statut and ordaine that no strainger at any tyme therafter should be admitted friemen of the said calling except to pay for his wpsett the sowme of ane hundreth pundis scotis, and that it should not be in the power of any deacone, maister of craft, or any persone, member within the said incorporatioune, at any tyme therafter to alter or change the said act, ather for moyen or friendship, but that the samyne shall stand as ane perpetuall law for the said incorporatioune, and that quhatsomever persone, deacon, maister of craft, or ony uther member thereof, should alter or change the said act should be tyable to the said sowme of ane hundredth pundis, as ane fyne then modified be the said deacon, maisteris of craft and haill members of the said calling, as the said act of the dait forsaid beries ; and quhilk act abovewryttin was be the deacon conveiner of this burgh, deacones of craft and their bretherin of counsell, ratified allowed and approvine wpon the twentie thrid day of November j"' vj c seavintie twa yeares, and recommended be them to the said magistratis and counsell for getting their approbatioune and ratificatioune thereof, humblie supplicating therfor the said proveist, baillies and counsell to ratifie and allow the said act ; quhilk being takin to their consideratioune, they, for them and their successouris in office, have allowed, ratified and approvine and heirby allowes, ratifies and approves of the samyne act, in the haill heidis, artickles, claussis and circumstances therof, with all that hes fallowed or may fallow wpon the samyne ; reserving only as is heirby re- servit to the said magistratis and counsell and their successoris in office to modifie the upsettis to be payit be burgessis bairnes, or these who maries burgessis daughters and serves not their prenteiships with friemen of the said calling within this burgh, at their entrieng frie with the said calling, in caice any difference sail happirj ther- anent the said persones being fund qualified craftsmen that sail crave to enter frie. 254 THE HAMMERMKN OF GLASGOW. III. RATIFICATIONS BY THE TOWN COUNCIL OF AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW AND OF GORBALS. Ratifica- tioune, hammermen of Glasgow and Gorballes. (a) 14th November, 1668. The provest, baillies and counsell of the said burgh being conveined and being most humblie desyred to ratifie, allow and approve the contract and agriement laitly made betwixt the hammermen of this burgh and the hammermen of Gorballes, and thei taking the samyne to consideratioune that thei have allowed and approvine several! of the lyk natur amongs the tred at severall tymes of befor, and the said agriement being publictly red in counsell, the said magistratis and counsell allowes, ratifies and approves of the said contract, quhilk is of the dait the xiij of November instant, in the haill heidis and artickles therin conteined, according to the ratificatioune grantit be them wpon the agriement made betwixt the weavers of this burgh and the weavers of Gorballes in all poyntis, quhilk ratificatioune is daitit the alevinth day of April l6, r >7 yeares. Contract betuixt the hammermen of Glasgow and Gorballis (b) joth September, i6pj. The proveist, baillies and counsell of the said burgh being conveened anent ane act of recommendation made and granted be the deacon conveener, deacon and remanent memberis of the deacon conveeneris house of the said burgh, in favoures of George Robertsone, present deacon of the hammermen of the samen burgh, and remanent memberis of the said incorporation, for themselves and in name and behalfe of the poor thereof, off' the wliilk act the tennor followes : — Att Glasgow, the ellevinth day of Julij, 1693 yeares, the whilk day, the deacon conveener, deacones, and remanent members of the deacon conveeners house of the said burgh being conveened, anent the petition gevin in to them be George Robert- sone, present deacon of the hammermen of the samen burgh and remanent mem- bers of the said incorporation, for themselves and in name and behalfe of the poor thereof, makeand mention that where be contract past and perfyted betuixt the said incorporation of hammermen of Glasgow and the hammermen in Gorballis, dated the threttein day of November 1668 yeares, containing severall heads, articles and clauses therintill, and particularlie the hammermen in Gorballis nor nane of them are not to have libertie to put on any new work or take aff any old work within the toun of Glasgow, or furth thereof, to mend or dress, to any per- sone or persones within the said burgh, except the samen be tacken out to them, APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 255 and agreed upon for the dressing therof within the said village of Gorballis, and that under the paine of ane new upset, to be applyed for the use of the poor of the hammermen of Glasgow from ilk person that happines to transgress loties quoties ; as also be the said contract the saids hammermen in Gorballis, notwith- standing of the other articles and transactiones therincontained, have no libertie in the least granted to them to bring in or sell any work on the mercat day bot what is tollerat them, as other strangeris have, yet the saids hammermen in Gar- ballis tackes upon them, contrare to the said agreement and contract, upon ilk day of the week, as it were ane mercat day, not only to come into this burgh and take out old work and helps and dresses the same, bot also comes in and agrees with the inhabitants for making of new work and brings the samen into the burgh, and when the sufficiencie or insufficiencie is found by these who imployed them, they accept or refuises the work as they think fit, whilk is just the same as buying frae unfreemen and strangeris ; and in like maner there are diverse strangeris who uses and exercises many (if not all) the poynts of the calling of the hammermen of Glasgow, in takeing of old work and bringing in new work into the burgh aff the mercat day, als freelie as if they were burgesses and admitted freemen with the said hammermen of Glasgow, which tends greatlie to their loss and detriment, they being lyable to stents, taxationes and other publict burdines imposed upon the toune, whereof the said strangeris are free, and so in fare better condition than the petitioners are ; which encroachments and utheris upon the rights and priviledges of the said incorporation of hammermen of Glasgow will terminat in the ruin of their trade and will occasion many debates not only amongst themselves bot also betuixt them and strangeris, craveand therefore the said deacon conveener, deacones and remanent memberis of the said deacon conveeneris house, to consider the premissis and to represent the same to the proveist, baillies and toun counsell of the said burgh, that they may discharge the saids hammermen in Gorballis and their servants, in tyme comeing to mend any old work or agree to bring in any new work except what is agreed upon to be done within the village of Gorballis, and that all strangers may also be discharged to take aff nae old work nor bring in any new work to the toun except upon the ordinary mercat day, that the sufficiencie therof may be sighted and tryed be the deacon of the hammermen of this burgh and his masteris for the tyme, to the effect the leidges may not be prejudged thereby, under such paines and penalties as the said deacon conveener, deacones and memberis foresaid should think fit, as the said petition beares. Whilk being taken to the said deacon conveener, deacones and remanent memberis forsaid their consideration, and after mature advyce and deliberation had be them theranent, they fand the desire of the said petition most just and reasonable, and that the hammermen in Gorballis and all other strangeris be obleidged to perform what is desired thereby, and that they be discharged to doe anything to the contrare therof, and that under the paine of fyve punds scots monie, to be exacted aff ilk person loties quoties they shall hap- 256 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. pine to contraveen the premissis in any tyme comeing, to be applyed for the use of the poor of the hammermen of Glasgow, and that it shall he lawfull and in the power of the deacon of the hammermen of Glasgow and his masters and their successors in all tyme comeing to seize upon all work brought into this burgh, except upon the mercat day as said is COlltrare to this present act, and to dispose therupon for the use abovespecifeit, and recommends to the proveist, baillies and counsell of this burgh, not only to ratifie the said contract past bctuixt the ham- mermen of this burgh and Gorballis, but also thir presents, in the hail] heads and articles therof under the penaltie abovewritten, whilk act and desire therof being read in presens of the saids magistrate and counsell, was be their act dated the twentie eight day of September instant, recomendit to John Andersone late proveist, John Woddrope, baillie, the dean of gild and deacon conveener, to be considered by them and to give their opinion therof to the saids magistrats and counsell at their nixt Meeting ; and whilk persones foresaid haveing accordinglie met and considered the said petition, they be their report fand the desire therof reasonable. Whilk act, with the said report, being tacken to the saids proveist, baillies and counsell their consideration, they for them and their successors in office, have given and granted, and hereby gives and grants, in favoures of the said incorporation of the hammermen of Glasgow the desire of the samen, and not only ratifies the foresaid contract of agreement, past in manner foresaid, and act of the deacon conveeneris house abovementioned, in the haill heads, articles and clauses thereof, hot also ordaines the samen to take effect and be put to all due execution in tyme comeing against the contravenaris therof, conform to the tennor therof in all points, under the paine of five punds scots alse oft as they shall be apprehendit contraveening the premissis or any part therof, by and attoure confiscation of the work it selfe, but prejudice to the burgesses and inhabitants of this burgh to imploy the said smithes of Gorballis, or any outtin- toune smithes, for makeing what iron work they please, they the said burgesses, allwayes bringing in the said work by themselves or their servants upon any law- ful day of the week. And ordaines the clerk to give out extracts hereof. i O V ^ T> <> r r to ; : ?•$.>:.*.**.*? o i i * V 3 ^ X J ^> Ik * ^ f <* 1 vf i £ <£ £ *■><= 1 ■ y H$i$ ^ if^lfffflffll 3 ^^-jM^,f^^4s^. a- - 3 CO o o > o o *> ■a o *> Ki *> v © o ' T* £ d O -» ^ o <> ^ Oft o o „ 1 !* '1 '^' 5 i <*«* nil 1 ' ' ' U»-fl" Q i j «»*n ft nf * * f>K#* ■r ■« <0 o ^ ^ A- A- c< /- o /O i - *3 8 ^ ~ c3 s, I > APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 257 IV. SPECIMEN ACCOUNTS AND EXTRACTS, I 69 I TO I 80O. ACCOMPT. John Robiesone Collector to the hamermen of his Intromissiounes Collector's with the poores meanes and of his debursementes from Account, Hallowmass jajvjc and nyntie on yeaves to Hallowmass jajvjc and nyntie two yeares by charge and Discharge as followes viz. CHARGE. BANDES. Impr the sd collector charges himselffwt threttie pound threttine shilling ten penneis receavit be him as the ballance of the last collectores accompt . . hide It with Major Stirlinges band of . It with George Wingatts band of . It with Glinns band of It with Johne Corbett and his caurs ther band of It with another band of thers of . It with Johne Glen and Wm Smythes band of It with Mr Adam Wilsones band of It with Alexr Leckies band of It with James Dinnings band of . It with Robert Brockes band of It with Walter Leitches band of . It with Comissar Flemings band which is now renewed in the thrie follouing bands viz James Wyllies in Flender of It with Mathew Lindsay his band of It with William Woods band of It resting of Mr Adam Wilsones expenss . : 0030 13 10 0400 00 0100 00 0400 00 0266 13 4 °°35 15 0200 00 0666 '3 4 0066 13 4 0i 33 06 8 0466 '3 4 0066 '3 4 oi33 06 8 °333 06 8 0200 00 0003 00 Summa 35° 2 '5 6 2 S 8 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. A RENTES. Impr receaved from Major Stirling a yeares iirent preceiding Martinmass 169 1 (Retentione alloued) is It George Wingatts a year preceiding Whytsoonday 1692 It Glinns iirent fra Octor 1689 to Octor 1692 Reten nealloued is It Johne Corbetts a year preceiding Whytsoonday 1692 is It a year pceiding Whyt 1692 of John Glens and Wm Smythes is It Mr Adam Wilsones a year pceiding Whyt 1692 is It Alexr Leckies a year pceiding Candlmass 1692 is It James Dinnings a year pceiding 20 March 1692 is It Rot Brocks a year pceiding Mart 1691 Reten ^ne alloued is It Walter Leitches a year pceiding Mart 1691 Renten nealloued is ....... . It from Comissar Flemyng 2d Decer 1691 a year and seavine months and a halffs iirent of 1000 merks Reten ne alloued is It from Rot Brock twa month and 18 dayes of the sd 1000 merks S ultima of arentes is Summa of this whole page is I say thrie thowsand seavine hundrethe seavintie seavine poundes and ten penneis scots. 0022 00 0006 00 0068 00 0018 02 OOI2 00 0040 00 0004 00 0008 00 0025 >3 4 01 103 !3 4 0058 06 8 0008 10 0274 °5 4 3777 00 10 FRIEDOME FYNES AND BOOKING MONVE. Impr from Johne Black yor of friedome fyne It for booking Robert Brockes prenteis .... It for booking Thomas Cumyngs and Johne Sympsones prenteiss It for booking Jon Davidson and Jon Scotts journeymen . It for Mathew Leishmans Androe Robiesons and Jon Davidsons Suma GORBALI. RENT. Receaved from the deacon conveeners collector the rent of the Gorballs for the year 1690 conforme to the fier Receaved from the hamermen of Gorballs at the making of ther accompt wt the hamermen of Glasgow fourtine pounds and eight shilling of quarter comptes, fyfteine shilling for ane journeyman booking, twentie merkes for James Wicrs friedome fyne and twentie merkes for Rot Scadlocks 0014 06 8 0004 10 o 0009 00 o 0005 16 6 0008 15 o 0042 08 4 0083 05 4 0041 16 4 Suma 0125 01 6 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 259 QUARTER COMKI'ES WITHIN RRUGHE. Conforme to the Roll extend to . . . 0029 1 1 o QUARTER COMPTES WITHOUT BRUGHE. From Johne Wotherspoon in Rutherglen 12s Jon Fairie yr 12s Johne Steill yr 12s James Robiesone yr 12s Georg Park yr 12s Rot Pinkertoun yr 12s David Robieson yr 12s James Park yr 12s Thomas Donnald yr 12s Andrew Leitch yr 12s Ja. Flemyng yr 12s Rot Jackson yr 12s Jon Riddell yr 12s Alexr Japhra in Bunockburne 12s Wm Wilsoun in Pollock - shaus 12s Johne Barrie in Cathcart 12s James Maxwell in LangS3'd 12s Rot Muir yr 12s Henrie Japhra in Bunnock- burne 12s Rot Blaw in Culross 12s Jon Rodman in Renfrew 12s Rot Garnoek at Dumblane 12s Andrew Reid tinker 12s David Branch 12s Jon Garnoek in Cowcadens 24s Rot Mont- gomrie 12s Johne Montgomries elder and yor 24s Wm Nor- well in Glasgow 36s Johne Dinn merd 12s Johne Murray merd 4lib Jon Smyth in Bishopbrigs 12s David Donnald in Carmyll 12s Rot Donnald in Shetelstoune 12s James Donnald in Piovanmylne 12s David Donnald in Carntyne 12s Johne Bavrage cairier in Culross 1 2s George Park ringmaker 48s Wm Hyndman tinker 12s Rot Andersone in Bruntiland 12s Johne Japhrae in Bunnockburn 1 2s Johne Maxwell in ( ) 12s Johne Dinn 48s . . . Suma 0034 00 o MORTC LOATHES. Impr from Rot Andersone in Kilbryd for the 2d flourd cloath It fra Jon Montgomrie in Eglsholme for the 2d cloath It fra Androe Robiesone for the best cloath to his father It fra Wm Barr for the litl old cloath .... It fra Jon Spreull for Mareon Syme for the 2d cloath It for the 2d flourd cloath to Flemingtoune It fra Wm Black for the best flourd cloath to Munckland Suma Suma of this whole page is I say twa hundreth threttie sax pound and ten shilling iod, 0000 12 0000 18 0000 l8 0000 06 0000 iS 0000 14 OOOI 04 0005 10 0236 10 1 26o THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW, t for the best flourd cloath to Johne Saners in Airdrie t for the second cloath to Win Craig in Kilbryd . t fra Jon Skinsone in Neilstoune for the 2d cloath t fra Gaune Hamiltoune in Bothwell for the 2d cloath t for the best cloath to Jon Blacklae t for the 2d cloath to Win Couans wyfe in Flener t for the best cloath to Jon Pollock in Neilstoune t for the second cloath to Thomas Craig in Kilbryde t for the best cloath to Jon Rankine in Eglsholme t for the best flourd cloath to James Young in Kilbryd t for the 2d flourd cloath to Jon Patersons sister t for the 2d cloath to Jon Sympsone t for the best cloath to James Erstoun in Neilstoune t for the 2d cloath to Arthour Black in New Muncklan t from Jon Shanks in Stockwell for the 2d litl cloath t for the 2d cloath to Androe Craigs sister in Partick t for the 2d cloath to Allan Castelaw in Eglsholme t for the best cloath to Jon Gilmour in Flok t for the best cloath to James Waterstoune t for the old litle cloath to James Grahame t for the 2d cloath to Jon Wark in Dunlop paroch t for the best cloath to Thomas Gilmour in Glanerstoune t for the best cloath to Mrs Orr . t for the best cloath to Jon McRae t for the second old cloath to Jon Kirkland in Mairnes t for the best cloath to Rot Telpher t for the best bairnes cloath to James Waterstoune t for the second old cloath to Jon Kirkland in Mairnes t for the best cloath to Jon Shaw in Easter Leinzie t for the 2d cloath to James Montgomrie in Eglsholme t for the best old cloath from Jon Robb in Cambushland t for the 2d cloath from Rot Smyth in Kilbryd . t for the 2d cloath to Alexr Lang t for the 2d cloath to Rot Reid in Kilbryd t for the old bairnes cloath t for the best cloath to James Lindsay t for the 2d cloath to James Alexr in Kilbryd t for the 2d cloath to ( ) in Neilstoune t for the 2d cloath to Jot Armour in Eglsholme . t for the 2d cloath fra Jon Wilsone t for the 2d cloath to Androw Patoun in Mairns . t for the 2d cloath to James Wilkie in Bothwell OOOI 00 0000 18 OOOI 06 OOOI 00 OOOI 04 OOOI 04 OOOI 08 OOOI 04 OOOI 09 OOOI 00 OOOO 14 OOOO 16 0002 00 OOOI 04 OOOO 08 OOOI 04 OOOI 04 OOOI 08 OOOI 00 OOOO 08 OOOI 00 OOOI 04 0002 02 OOOI 09 OOOO 10 OOOO 18 OOOO 10 OOOO 10 OOOI 04 OOOI 04 OOOO 14 OOOI 00 OOOO 14 OOOO 18 OOOO 06 OOOI 14 OOOO 18 OOOO 18 OOOO 18 OOOI 08 OOOI 02 OOOI 00 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 261 It for the best cloath Era Johne Patersone merd . It for the best flourd cloath to Androw Spreull in Neilstoune It for the 2d cloath to George Gilmour in Neilstoune It for the best cloath fra Math. Kyll in Eastwood It for the 2d cloath to Andrew Wilkie in Bothwell It for the old cloath to Wm Somervell in Daldouie It for the best bairns cloath to George Bunteine . It for the best cloath to Wm Robiesone . Suma Suma of the whole mortcloathes is Suma of the haill charge is I say four thowsand sixtie nyne poundes seavne shilling ten penneis. OOOI 04 0000 '4 OOOI 04 000 r 04 0000 18 0000 10 0000 10 oou5 12 °°55 16 5 0061 06 4069 °7 10 FOLLOWES THE COMPTERS DISCHARGE. Iuapr he discharges himselff wt Major Stirlings band of It with George Wingats band of . It with Glinns band of It with Johne Corbetts band of It with his other band of . It with Johne Glen and Wm Smythis band of It with Mr Adam Wilsons band of It with Alexr Leckies band of It with James Dinnings band of . It with Robert Brocks band of It with Walter Leitches band of . It with James Wyllie in Flener his band of It with Mathew Lindsay his band of It with William Woods band of It wt the rest of Mr Adam Wilsons expenss It with the non payt of James Dinnings arent It with Glinns thrie yeares arent reten'ne deduced DEBURSEMENTES. Impr to the clerk of fiall and drink monye It to Alexr Donnaldsone, James Brounlie the poor of the hous Jon Hepburn Rot Andersone and Rot Flemyng by warrand . 0400 00 OIOO 00 0400 00 0266 13 4 °°3S '5 0200 00 0666 J 3 4 0066 13 4 OI 33 06 8 0466 13 4 0066 ■3 4 °'33 06 8 0333 06 8 0200 00 0003 00 0008 00 0068 00 3548 01 8 0014 16 8 0014 15 o 262 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW It to Hugh Muires wyfe by warrand It to Alexr Donnaldsone for his fiall It for candle .... It to a poor man by comand It to the inrolled poor at Halloumass court 1691 It to the inrolled poor at Candlmass court 1692 It to the inrolled poor at Beltane court 1692 It to the inrolled poor at Larnbmass court 1692 It to ( ) Buckanane ane Irishman, Alexr Donnaldsone, Rot Flemyng, James Moriesone, and the poor of the hous by warrand ...... It to Johne Hepburn by comand .... It to Hugh Muirs wyfe by warrand It to Cristeine Leiper by warrand It to Alexr Cauldwell ane Irish stranger by warrand It to Thomas Wingats sone by comand It to help to burie Thomas Broun workman his wyfe by cymand It to James Brounlie by comand .... It to Thomas Foster for two hors hyers to Fulbers burial] It to a poor man James Foord by comand It to Grissell Wood by deacon conveener and deacones order It to Alexr Donnaldsone by order It to Thomas Wingats sone and Alexr Donnaldson by warrand It for two hors hyers to my Lord Boyds buriall It to James Kerr yor by warrand .... Suma 0002 00 0008 00 0000 01 4 0000 12 0056 02 8 0058 02 8 0058 02 8 3 0058 02 8 y 0007 02 0000 07 0002 00 0001 04 0002 08 0001 00 0000 14 0000 14 0001 08 0000 14 0001 00 0001 00 0002 14 0002 08 0003 00 0298 08 Suma of this page is 3846 10 4 It to Hugh Muirs wyfe by comand It a poor man Cathrin Bruce and her 4 childreine by cymand It to James Watsone kirk beddell It to Alexr Donnaldsone by comand It to a poor man by comand .... It to Hughe Muirs wyfe by comand It for coards and mending the mortcloath wallets It to the conveeners collector .... It to the deacon conveeners officer at re 1 of the gorball rent It to Jonnet Burnes ..... It for fyve hors hyers to the Laidie Mayns buriall It to Abigail Andersone by warrand It to James Herriot the clerks man OOOI 00 0000 14 0000 07 OOOI 00 0000 06 OOOI 08 OOOO 08 0040 00 OOOO 14 OOOO 12 0005 00 0002 08 OOOO 14 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 263 warand Brounlie It to Alexr Donnaldsone James Brounlie James Moriesone Jon Hepburne Andrew Ross Rot Andersone and hous poor by warrant! ....... It to a poor man Pat. Caldwell by the cy veener and deacons order It to Alexr Mccullie by the sd cymand It to Cristeine Leiper by cymand . It to Alexr Donnaldsone by cymand It to Thomas Wingats sone by cymand It for two hors hyers to Kilmarnocks buriall It for a hors hyre to Thos. Craufurds buriall It to Johne Robiesone elder by cymand . It to the cyveeners officer by cymand It to Wm Barrs wyfe by cymand . It to Rot Dunlop a blind man by comand It to Alexr Donaldson Ja. Brounlie and Ja. Moriesone by It to Margt Duncansone for her hous maill by warand It to the hous poor Rot Anderson James Moriesone Ja Alexr Donnaldson and Jon Hepburn by warand It to Abigail Anderson by warand It to Cristein Leiper by warand . . . , It to Gaune Parks relict by warrand It to a woman for keeping Thomas Wingats sone by order It to the clerk for his extraordinars and to Margt Duncansone It to Jon Robiesons wyfe by cymand It for 8 quair paper 2 lib 16s and binding thereof 1 lib 16s is It to a poor man ( ) Stewart by cyveener and deacons order ...... It to Mr Wm Camerone by order forsd It lent to Ard Sympsone by warrand It to the poor of the hous at the elec ne It to Rot Andersone and Jon Hepburne the sd tyme It to Agnes Kirkland and Alexr Donnaldsone by warand It to Wm Coventrie a poor man by order . It to Johne Allan a stranger by order It to the Gorball officer at making ther accompt . It to Thomas Wingatts sone by warand . It to Jonnet Burnes by cymand It to Henrie Shanks by cymand It the deacon cyveeners officer flail 0004 0001 0001 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0001 ocoo 0002 0008 07 00 04 14 14 14 16 14 12 14 OS IO OO OO 0003 15 0002 OO 0001 08 0002 OO 0000 14 0014 OO 0000 14 0004 12 0001 IO OOOO 14 0003 OO 0000 14 0000 14 0004 OO 0000 06 0000 14 0000 14 0001 04 0000 I 2 0001 IO 0001 04 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Suma of this page is 0124 17 o I say ane hundrethe twentie four pound xvii s. 264 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW, It for cairieng the box wt the cloaths to the collectors hous It to James Kirktoun a poor man by cymand It to Mr Wm Camerone by cymand It for the lyning of Alexr Donnaldsons cloathes . It to Wm Dunlops daughter by warand It to a poor collegian by cyveener and deacons order It to a distressed smith disband by Coll. Hill by cymand It to Wm Henderson a poor man by cymand It to Jot Burnes ..... It to a poor woman Jot Buchanan by cymand and deacons order It to Gaune Sheills a poor boy by the sd order It to Alexr Donnaldsone at making his pnt aceompt 0004 04 0000 14 OOOI 10 0002 04 OOOI 10 OOOI 10 OOOI 00 0000 14 0000 12 0000 14 OOOI 08 OOOI 08 Suma of this page is 0013 08 o The whole charge is four thowsand sixtie nyne poundes seavine shilling ten penneis . . . 4069 07 10 The whole discharge is thrie thowsand nyne hundreth eightie fyve pound threttine shilling iiijd . . 3985 13 4 Rests be the compter to ballance eightie thrie pound fourteine shilling six penneis . . . 0083 14 6 The forsd aceompt is revised and approvene of by the calling and therfor hes discharged and heirby discharges the forsd collector of the same. Adam Wilsone clerk. Collector's Account, 1732-33- Account of Intromissions and Debursements out of the Means and Common Stock of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow by Alexander Rae Collector to the sd Incor- poration from September the 29th 1732 to the 28th of September 1733 years. CHARGE. Imprimis the collector charges himself with the Ballance of the late collectors account . . . . . 41 11 Item the collector charges himself with the rests due by the late collector, viz. To cash resting by Patrick Clark tennent in Caldersidc in part payment of the rent crop 1730 . . . . 53 6 8 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 265 To John Reid in ditto for cropt 1731 To Patrick Clark for cropt 1 7 3 1 . To cash from the Laird of Calderwood for five years kind vizt from 1726 to 1 73 1 @ 23d yearly .... To the Laird of Grants bond ..... To four years interest due on the sd bond vizt from Mart. 1728 to Mart. 1732 Upon diligence against the tennents of Calderside To George Noble's bill and dilligence thereon To ane account due by Pollocks lands to the trade To two years interest of the a June 1731 and 1731 To ballance due by the Laird of Torrance of his kind for the years 1731 and 1732 . To the remains of John Murray's booking money as journeyman . To cash from Patrick Clark tennent in Calderside for his rent crop 1732 . To cash from John Reid tennent in Calderside for his rent crop 1732 ........ To cash from the Laird of Killearn and Cautioners To cash two years rent upon their bond .... To cash from James Adam as one year interest of 1000 lib scots owing by bond from Mart. 1731 to Mart. 1732 . . 50 To cash from Robert Peden, Smith in Cathcart as a compliment to the trade ....... ? Received from the Hammermen in Gorballs their Quarter accounts and Booking money from Lammass 1732 to Lam. 1733 ........ Received from Robert Dreghorn collector to the Conveeners House for the Corner House and Gorballs rent Receivd from the Laird of Grant one years interest of 1000 merks vizt from Mart. 1732 to Dec. 1 733 Receivd for one years interest of 96 lib 8s 4d one Pollocks Land from 1733 to 1734 ...... Receivd from the Laird of Calderwood for one years kind vizt 1732 ........ Do. from the Laird of Torrance for one years kind 1733 18 63 6 8 83 6 8 5 '5 666 •3 4 '33 6 8 4 4 23 7 2 96 8 10 9 1 2 10 1 1 2 4 33 6 8 83 6 8 2000 200 Summa . 3602 08 02 19 4 145 16 5 33 6 8 4 7 2 1 3 16 204 '3 °3 266 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. FREEDOM KINKS. Imprimis received from John Wardrop a freemans son in law conform to act in not makeing ane essay Received from Peter Telfer a freeman's son Received from Archibald Paterson a freeman's son Received from William Savvers a prentice 18 14 6 8 14 6 8 40 1 1 4 087 04 oS APPRENTICES BOOKING. Receivd from Robert Luke for Thomas Robertson Receivd from Robert Fulton for James Milliken . Receivd from Conveener Craig for John Rankine . Receivd from John Brown for Archibald Broun Receivd from Deacon Black for Daniel Ewing 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 022 10 00 JOURNEYMEN'S BOOKING. Receivd from John Muraay for James Drysdale Received from Thomas Kennedy for Alexander Wilson Receivd from John Smith for James Smith Receivd from James Whitlaw for John Shoard and Will. Mathers Receivd from ditto for Thomas Wales 38sh paid to ye former Collr. ....... Receivd from James Scot for William Dalrymple Receivd from George Noble for John Lockhart due in May 1730 2 18 4 2 18 4 2 18 4 5 16 8 1 4 2 18 4 2 18 4 021 8 8 KREEMENS O.UARTER ACCOUNTS. Received at the Election of Masters Receiv'd at the Hallow Court Receiv'd from Robert Luke Receiv'd from John Lamond Receiv'd at the Lammass Court 3 29 2 3 12 8 17 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 267 Receiv'd from George Craig for two years Reeeiv'd from Alexander Paterson for two years . Receiv'd from Patrick Glen one year and from Robt Wilson one year ........ Receiv'd from John Rae two years and from James Napier a quarter ....... from Patrick Henderson and John Murdoch each one year » 4 1 4 1 4 1 7 1 4 50 14 00 WEEKLY JOURNEYMEN. Receiv'd from John Ewing and John Murehead for six weeks from Gavin Ribble for Charles Muir four weeks . From Allan Stevenson for John Buchenger 9 weeks From Gavin Ribble for said Buchenger for 6 weeks from John Smith for David Smith for 3 weeks from Alexr Rae for Alexr Fraser for four weeks . from Archibald Simpson for sd Fraser for 3 weeks from John Broun for Miles Livingston 1 week from John Ewing for Alexr Fraser for 6 weeks from Wm Erroll for Miles Livingston 1 week and for ( Simpson 5 weeks ..... from Archibald Simpson for Alexr Frazer for 4 weeks from Allan Stevenson for James Thomson for 3 weeks from James McGill for Charles Hunter for 12 weeks from Gavin Ribble for James Thomson for 3 weeks from John Black for Alexr Frazer 2 weeks and Thomas Pratt 5 weeks ...... from William Sawers for Peter Mandles for 1 2 weeks from John Murray for Alexander Waste for 13 weeks from James Whitlaw for William Rey for 2 weeks 1 2 8 18 12 6 8 6 2 12 12 8 6 1 4 6 14 ' 4 1 6 4 010 8 STRANGERS BROAD PENNIES. Received from John Robertson in Miltoun from John Steel in Bannockburn . from John Henderson in Bannockburn due the 10 of Novr 12 12 12 268 THE IIAMMKRMKN OF GLASGOW from Walter Riddell for the year 1 73 1 from Margaret Summer relict of Thomas Fleeming from William Robertson in Rutherglen from James Park there from William Dick in Carmile from William Jamphrey in Bannockburn . from James Wilson in Rutherglen from George Park there . from James Jackson there . from Thomas Wilson and Archibald Reid there from Robert Peden in Cathcart from William Lockhart in Bannockburn . from John Robin there for the years 1730 and 1731 Reeeiv'd from John Masterton in Valleyfield for 4 years past from John Ogleby in Bannockburn due March 1732 from John Muir in Rutherglen from William Dow in Charters Hall from James ( ) at Carnock for 2 years . from William Galbraith and Henry Dow in Bannockburn from Alexr Stevenson and James Donaldson in Culross from John Ogleby in Bannockburn from John Greenock in St. Ninians 12 12 1 2 12 12 12 12 12 12 4 12 12 4 8 1 2 12 12 4 4 4 12 12 19 16 00 DISCHARGE. HY WRITTEN WARRANDS AND COMMON DUES. Imprimis payed to the poor of the House and for carrying the box at the election of masters . . . . 18 To Francis Cumming for John Gardners cloaths and furniture p. warrand and Discharge . . . . . 316 paid Robert Stewart for a hat to him . . . . 2 14 paid for his stockings and shoes . . . . . 6 6 paid Robert Wallace for a wig to him . . . . 312 paid Janet Muir her interest of a hundred merks due to her by the Hammermen trade which interest is from 1731 to 1732 3 paid to help to burry Elisabeth Gardner p. warrand . . 3 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 269 To Agnes Scot as interest of a bond of 1000 merks and another bond of 300 merks due her by the trade from Martinmas 1731 to Martinmas 1732 ..... paid William Mackies relict p. warrand To Elisabeth Kerr and Ann McAuslan p. warrand paid John Miller for a big coat and furniture to John Gardner as p. warrand and discharge .... To sundry persons per warrands .... paid to help to burry William Ramseys son p. warrand To John Fleeming and Archibald Glen as their New Years gift To Daivd Pollock as his New Years gift . To help to burry James Dunlops wif p. warrand . To help to burrie John Schaw founder p. warrand To help to burrie Anderson Robertson p. warrand To help to burrie William Auldcorns relict p. warrand To John Gardner and John Fleeming for their shoes paid Alexr Watson interest upon a Bill of 400 lib scots vizt from the 10th of Feb. 1732 to the 15 of May 1733 paid John Gardner and James Kerr p. warrand Lent to the Lairds of Bardowie elder and your and cau~rs two thousand pounds scots by Bond produced paid four horse hires at meeting the Lords paid John Fleeming Archibald Glen and John Gardner as fairings To the Gorball officers and John Gardner at lifting their money . paid to the poor of the house and for carrying the box at Lammass paid sundry persons p. warrands To sundry persons p. warrands ..... To sundry persons p. warrands at the deacons farewell paid James Kerr from the 4 of October 1732 to September 26th 1 733 @ 12s p. week ...... paid John Baxter for makeing John Gardners cloaths and big coat ........ To Archibald Glen at the election of the deacon as use is paid to the collector of the House .... To Archibald Glen as usuall at lifting the corner House and Gorball rents ....... paid postage of letters about Grants bussiness wt the trade 29 1 4 1 4 IS 9 6 25 4 6 1 16 12 3 002 08 00 006 00 00 005 00 00 004 16 00 022 10 00 002 18 00 2000 00 00 003 18 00 002 18 00 001 16 00 000 1 7 00 015 14 00 031 18 00 030 12 00 005 10 00 000 12 00 040 00 00 001 04 00 000 14 00 2313 00 06 270 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. DEACONS PRECEPTS. Paid to William Glasfords relict . To Andrew Fairlie .... paid John Fleeming haveing a son to be cut of the stone To John Donald relict in great distress To Mathew Rodger recommended by the Conveener To James Dunlop ..... To Mr Andrew Lyle's relict To William Auldcorns relict in great distress To Andrew Robertson .... To Janet Robertson .... To John Adam's relict .... To Janet Duncan ..... To Jean Steel upon a petition To Gavin Fleeming .... To the relict of Jabesh Morrice To John Smith's relict .... To William Auldcorns relict To David Smith ..... To John Loves relict .... paid to Janet Robertson upon petition To Mary Lang upon her petition . To James Dunlop . ... To Archibald Simpsons relict To William Ramsay .... To Margaret Thomson in great distress To John Thomson and William Auldcorns relicts . To John Schaw ..... To Andrew Robertson upon his petition To James Cunningham .... To Janet Duneven .... To William Auldcorns relict and Elisabeth Colhoun 12 shill. each To Margaret Temple .... To John Loves relict .... To David Smith ..... To help to burrie John Christie a poor man To Ann Lang in great distress To Christopher Thomson recommended by the Conveener To George Alexander a poor distressed man To Archibald Simpson's relict To Marion Wright .... 000 18 00 000 18 00 000 12 00 000 18 00 OOI 04 00 000 l8 00 000 12 00 000 '4 00 000 18 00 000 08 00 000 18 00 000 08 00 000 12 00 000 10 00 000 10 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 000 1 2 00 000 18 00 coo 12 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 000 18 00 000 08 00 OOI 04 00 000 18 00 000 18 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 OOI 04 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 000 06 00 000 12 00 OOI 04 00 000 12 00 000 18 00 000 12 00 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 271 To Marion Glasfoord To Archibald Simpsons relict To Janet Robertson upon her petition To John Pollock hammerman in Rutherglen To James Dunlop . To James Cunningham To Jean Fleckfield in great distress To James Bowie To James Ritchie upon his petition To Janet Duneven upon her petition To Janet Anderson upon her petition To John Parland in great distress . To Jean Auldcorn . To William Wyllie To William Ramsay To Margaret Cowper upon her petition To Janet Cree To William Johnston a blind man To William Ramsay Item the Collector ought to be discharged of severall non pay- ments wherewith he hath charged himself as tho' they were paid and yet are owing and unpaid by the persons after mentioned vizt. 000 12 OO 000 12 OO 000 18 OO 000 12 OO 000 12 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 000 12 00 OOO 12 00 000 12 00 000 08 00 000 08 00 000 IS 00 000 18 00 000 18 00 000 08 00 000 12 00 000 06 00 001 04 00 040 17 00 Imprimis by non payment of John Reid tennant in Calderside for crop and year 1732 ...... 083 06 08 By non payment of Peter Clark tennant in Calderside of his bill for bygone rents preceeding 1733 .... 176 10 00 By non payment of the Laird of Grants bond . . . 666 13 04 By non payment of five years interest thereon from Martinmas 1728 to Martinmas 1733 years .... 166 13 04 By non-payment of the Laird of Calderwoods six years kind vizt from 1727 to 1733 a 23d yearly .... 006 iS 00 By non-payment of money laid out for doing diligence against the tennant of Calderside ..... 004 04 00 By non-payment of George Nobles bill and diligence yreon . 023 07 02 By non-payment of George Nobles journeymans bookings . 002 18 04 By non pay t of James Scot journeyman his booking money . 002 18 04 272 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. By non payt of the Laird of Torrance's 3 years kind vizt. from 1730 to 1733 a i6d p. annum .... By non payt of the rents on Pollocks lands which was 96.8.10 whereof 1 lb 13 now paid there remains By non payt of iirent of the same from 1 730 002 08 00 094 15 10 014 00 00 1244 13 00 ENROLLED POOR AND CLERKS DUES. At Hallowday ..... At Candlemass ..... At Beltan Andrew Robertson and Wm Auldcorns relict be At Lammas ..... To John Wilsons child half a crown a quarter To the clerk for his rial .... To his extraordinary pains To his man ..... To his officer for his fial .... H'g dead 045 12 00 045 12 00 040 04 00 040 04 00 006 00 00 013 06 08 024 00 00 003 00 00 008 00 00 225 18 08 MONEY RECEIVED ON DAVID POLLOCKS ACCOUNT. Received from David Dick as his rent from Whit 1731 to Whit. 1732 years with a discharge of stent .... 024 04 00 From Daniel McNeil as his rent from Whit. 1 73 1 to Whit. 1732 . 010 00 00 From Elisabeth Telfer half a years rent from Whit, to Mart. 1732 020 00 00 Mary Dougalls rent from Whit. 1732 to Whit. 1733 . . 006 00 00 Duncan Macfarlanes rent from Whit. 1732 to Whit. 1733 . 022 00 00 Duncan Thomson's rent from Mart. 1732 to Whit. 1733 . . 020 00 00 Marion Wright as part of her rent. .... 006 06 00 108 10 Summa MONEY DEPURSED ON DAVID POLLOCK S ACCOUNT. To Elisabeth Telfer for his aliment from Sep. 1732 to Sep. 1733 . 060 00 00 To Robert Forresters for mending his shoes . . . 000 14 00 To Archibald Broun for a hat to him .... 001 10 00 APPENDIX TO BOOK I To Ritchard Allan for 3 cravats to him To Robert Stevenson for his shaveing To Robert Dreghorn by ane account now discharged To Andrew Barr p account discharged To Robert Barton p account discharged To Gairn Lawson p account discharged To a wylie coat to David Pollock per warrand Sum 273 001 1 1 06 002 08 00 008 04 06 004 16 00 005 04 00 021 11 08 000 18 00 106 17 8 CHARGE. David Pollocks ballance in the Collectors hands page 1st page 2nd . Freedom Fines Apprentices booking Journeymens booking Quarter Accounts . Weekly Journeymen Strangers broadpennies 001 12 04 3602 c8 02 204 13 03 087 04 08 022 10 00 021 08 08 050 14 00 010 08 00 019 16 00 4020 15 1 DISCHARGE. p written warrands p written warrants Deacons precepts . By non payments . Inrolled poor &c. . By the sums in two warrands omitted to be charged 174 19 06 2138 01 00 0040 1 7 00 1244 12 00 225 18 S 3 12 3828 1 2 Charge Discharge Balance due to the trade lib sh 4020 15 3828 1 d 1 2 192 13 11 274 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. EXTRACTS FROM COMPTS. 1692-1693. DISCHARGE. It payd to mak up the ventour tobacco . . . . 48 17 o It borrowed from Jon Goveane for yt same effect . . 800 o It to the toun clerk a ginie and to his man two dollars for recti- fieing and ratifieing the agriement betuixt ws and Gorballs . 18 16 o 1694-1695. DISCHARGE. I702-I703. DISCHARGE. Item to John Boyd for mending ane wound in James Davidsons daughters head . . . . . . 06 o Item for 3 horse to meet Earle of Eglintoune corps and convoy them . . . . . . . . 02 8 Impr the Collector discharges himself with ane bond granted to the trade by the magistrates and counsell of Glasgow at Candlmass 1695 of four thowsand two hundrethe merkes inde 2800 00 o It to a poor woman yt was robd by the French ers . . 14 1695-1696. DISCHARGE. It payd to Rot Yuill of expense about the African trade . It the collector having receaved from the last collector 25s 6d. sterling of clipped money they were sold at 10s scots the shilling whereby he lost ..... 1703-1704. DISCHARGE. Item to Robert Dunlop to bury his child . . . 01 16 o Item to the Duke of Argyles buriall for 3 horse hyres . . 06 6 o Item to David Struthers that carreys the morteclothes . . 0100 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 275 1707-1708. DISCHARGE. It for 4 horses at the meeting and convoying of the Lords of Circuit . . . . . . . 03 16 o To John Robertsone for binding ane book to the trade . . 01 08 o To John Smith late conveiner . . . . . or 10 o To John Love to pay the doctor for mending his leg . . 03 o o 1708-1709. DISCHARGE. To given for a horse hyre to convoy the Dutches of Montrose To one ( ) Sinkler in contribution to build ane harbour at Inverness in the Murray Firth .... 09 1711—1712. DISCHARGE. To Margaret Shanks recommended by the provest To John Watts relict qn she brake her arme To Arch Duncan Gardiner recomended by ye d. c. and having broken his leg ...... To James Colier qn in the fever . . . . , To Mr. James Algoo recomended by the presbetry To John Love to mend his bellow 060 1 o o 1 9 o 1 2 12 1 o 1713-1714. DISCHARGE. To Margaret Cunninghame a poor gentlewoman To Kathrine Brock who had her thumb cut off To James Aiken for the use of a tormented child To Mr. Sinclar a dumb gentelman To Archibald Lamont a poor gentelman . To Win. Tod a sick wounded man To James Wallac's relict hamerman in Irving To the dark four doubling the trades chartours consisting of fifteen pearchments ..... To his man . . ' . iS 12 1 2 12 12 12 f 12 20 4 276 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. 1714-1715. DISCHARGE. To Adam Evans ane old souldier .... To Mary Blair a shipwrack woman To James Kerr for discharging the bookbinders and tinklers To John Robison a broken merd .... To Alexr Giffart hammerman who was going from this place To Robert Grahame a distressed souldier To Allan Dougal for taking George Johnstoun to the tolbooth 01 4 00 6 00 12 00 1 2 01 10 00 18 00 4 1715-1716. DISCHARGE. Imp. payed to Rot Scott for an jocky coat to James Kerr making and mounting therof ...... For three horses to convoy the Duke of Argile and to James Kerr for hiring them ...... For the hire of four horses to convoy Generall Cadoggen and to James Kerr for hiring them ..... For the hire of 3 horses to meet the Duke and Dutches of Mont- rose and to James Kerr for hyring them For 3 horse hyres to meet the E. of Dundonald and to James Kerr for hyring them ...... To Wm Johnstoun who was taken by the Turks . 17 18- 171 9. DISCHARGE. To Ebenezer Fleeming and Rot Gray two poor men taken by the Turks recommended by the conveener To Margt Marshall who had her husband shot at the rabble recommended by the conveener .... To Alexr Fleeming who sufered shipwrack recom. by ye con. To John Gordon and oyrs who were taken by ye Turks . 014 4 6 03 8 o 03 06 o 03 06 o 03 06 o OO 12 O Ol8 O I 4 O I 4 o 0180 1720. DISCHARGE. To Patrick Roseburgh distressed with a dumb palsie To Mr Ja. Hamilton a student in distress To Widow Hutchison going to Ireland To John Couper a shipwrackt gentleman o 12 o 12 012 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. To the schoolmaster of Hutchisons Hospitall and Jo. Fleeming officer at the putting in of Thomas Love To William Dick weaver in Scotstoun lost all by fire by recom- mendation of the D. con. ..... To James Fisher coppersmith in Liverpool 1720-1721. DISCHARGE. To Benjamin Mclntyre for taking grease out of the childs best (mort) cloath .... To David Sinclare who had his house burnt To Richard Maxwell who wants his right hand To Rot Stephen who had his house burnt To Andrew Masson having a cancer in his throat recommended by the D. Convr. ...... 1721-1722. DISCHARGE. To ane troublesome gentlewoman To John Newbigging a poor man late conr at Lanerk To John Clark a poor man having lost his sight . To James Cunningham for carieing a letter to Kilbryd 277 1 8 o 012 o 012 o O I 2 OI2 o 6 o 6 o 1 4 012 012 1722-1723. DISCHARGE. To John Marie a distressed Frenchman .... To a distressed seaman ...... To Robert Finlay a peuterer to carry him off the place To two horse hires to meet and convoy the Duke of Hamilton and to James Kerr ...... To a gentlewoman in distress having a testificat . 1726-1727. DISCHARGE. To John Syme writer for ane extract of ane act of the Trades House anent Apprentices on mortification To Baillie Robertson's daughter in great distress o 18 6 1 10 1 16 o 8 o 12 o 18 278 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. To Archibald Stewart who lost his all by robbers To ane poor man who is this day to have a large lump cutt off his cheek, ....... To Rot Foster for a pair of strong shoes to him I73Q-173 1 - DISCHARGE. To Katharin Smith a poor hammermans widow shipwracht To James and John Smiths Scotsmen who suffered by ye Turks To Jean Ferrie a poor woman to help her homeward i73 3 - I 733- (Given in full supra.) '733-'734- DISCHARGE. To John Miller recommended by the Minister of Strathblane To some poor men who were under slavery with the Turks 4 years To William Ramsay under the surgeons hands To James Reid an old presenter ..... 1100 280 012 o 012 o 060 012 « 4 012 o 12 1734-1735- DISCHARGE. To Jean Semple a widow largely recommended To Margaret Cowper a needie widow in strait Margaret Harvie a good honest woman James Dunlop in a very needy and poor condition John Loves relict thought to be in a dying condition Marion Wright having a child in great trouble James Brodie a twenty years journeyman James Davidsons relict going to London Archibald Simpsons widow in very sore trouble James Dunlop a poor old freeman and in need Allan McDonald who lost his substance by fire John Boyd a poor old carter A very poor man in great needsessity I 4 8 I 4 18 I 4 12 18 12 iS 12 12 12 12 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 279 Janet and Margarett Andersons probably both dying Jean Adie distempered in mind and troublesome James Dunlop in trouble going into the Towns hospitall John Grahame a poor man and very honest Anna Walkinshaw a poor widow and 6 children . Mathew Gardner a freemans son at nurseing Margarett McAlpine a poor old widow i73S-!736- DISCHARGE. By cash to Isobell Boll in great distress .... By do to Agnes Kerr probable adying .... to Charles Dunbar lang discharged from the Kings service to Mareon Pirrie dying of a cancer to Charles Smith being castaway at sea . to Andrew Strang who lost one of his hands By By By By do do do do 1737-1738- DISCHARGE. To Mr Win Lyon a distressed schollar To Jean Lochart a ministers poor relict To Robert Archibald having a broken arm To John White a poor man wanting a leg To Mary Robertsons son distrest with the gout To George Thorn a poor fatherless boy in distress To James Dunlop a troublesome gentleman To Wm. Dunckland having a broken leg To Robert Wallace haveing a broken leg To Wm McLean a smith being struck blind by fire from heaven 1 4 8 1 4 18 1 4 1 4 1 10 1 4 o 1 2 012 012 012 o iS I 2 1 4 012 1 4 18 12 I 4 I 4 02 18 i73 8 -!739- DISCHARGE. To Mathew Davidson a poor distempered man To William Breddie in mean and melancholy circumstances To Barbara Legatt a poor lame woman To Janet Robb a poor daft wife To Robert Young having a broken leg To Elizabeth Hislop who was robed on her way hither o 18 > 4 o 12 o 6 012 o 12 2 8o THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Note. — For 1742-3 and years following compts are given in sterling money. i745-'746. DISCHARGE. Sterling. By cash paid porters for attending the masters in gathering shoes to the Highlandmen . . . • • 010 1748-1749- CHARGE. From Robert Wotherspoon nailer for his privilege to work in naills in the Town of Glasgow from Whitsunday 1 749 to Do 1750 . . . • • • • • 050 1749-1750. DISCHARGE. To David l'ollock for needful uses .... To William Dickson a poor Hammefn who lost his arm in the King's service ...... I753-I754- DISCHARGE. To Lawyers incident charges in goeing and comeing from Edinr 20 4 7 To William Glen, alias Bunns ... .006 I758-I759- CHARGE. Received from John Buchanan Junr Writer a freemans grandchild for his father and himself without an essay . . 300 James Jackson Junr a freemans son making an essay . . 140 Robert Luke a freemans son without an essay . . . 1 10 Received at the Gorball court as out half of the freedom fines of four strangers a 20 merks each . . . • 4 8 10 Received from Francis Moor as his fine for entering Peter Dumas servant to work without acquainting him . . . 050 1761-1762. DISCHARGE. Paid Baillie Wardrop for the Extract of the act made by the Trades House against entering freemen on the day of election o APPENDIX TO BOOK I. V. THE FOURTEEN INCORPORATED TRADES AND THE TRADES HOUSE OF GLASGOW. REPORT BY COMMITTEE OF CLERKS ON THE RATIFICATION OF INCORPORATION BYE-LAWS. Tlie Fourteen Crafts of Glasgow are "Corporations" (University of Glasgow v. Physicians and Surgeons, 7th August, 1840, 1 Rob. App. pp. 402-3). It is a leading maxim of Corporation Law that no Corporation can of itself Corporate alter its constitution. Such alteration can be made onlv by the authority which Bodies can- • not change originally granted the constitution or by some other higher constitutional or 1 heir statutory authority. For instance, a corporate body erected by Royal Charter Constitution. can have its constitution altered only by Royal Charter or by Act of Parliament. A corporate body erected by Act of Parliament or by any authority inferior to Parliament can always have its constitution altered by Act of Parliament. It accordingly follows that none of the Fourteen Incorporations can alter its constitution at its own hand. To effect such alteration it must apply either to Parliament or to some other competent authority. None of the Fourteen Incorporations can be said to have a written con- stitution. The Seals of Cause which they respectively possess supply at the most but meagre constitutional principles. As a matter of fact the Seals of Cause granted in favour of the Crafts were simply collections of regulations or bye-laws sanctioned and ratified by the Crown or the Town Council, and they bear little or no resemblance to the carefully drawn Royal Charter of Incorporation or other Charter of Constitution of the present day. So far as the constitution of a Craft is set forth in such a Seal of Cause granted by the Town Council, it has to be observed that since 1833 the Town Councils of Royal Burghs have ceased to create or grant constitutions to sub- ordinate Corporations. Constitutions may, however, be obtained from Parliament or by Royal Charter from the Crown, and it seems clear that under the Act of 1846 it would be competent for an Incoporation to ask the Court of Session to sanction a resolution or series of resolutions in effect equivalent to an alteration in its constitution. While the objects and the limits of the powers of an Incorportion are deter- Corporate J Bodies have mined by its fundamental constitution, however that may have originated, the inherent Fourteen Incorporations as corporate bodies have power at common law to make P°"* r to bye-laws for the management of their affairs so long as these are consistent with Bye-Laws, •9 282 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No single Craft has power to alter the conditions which bind the Crafts together in the Guildry. Printed Bye- Laws deal with (I) Constitution ; (2) Associa- tive Princi- ples ; and (3) Bye-Laws. These should be separated. the constitution of the Incorporation. Whether a particular bye-law is or is not consistent with the constitution can only in the event of question be settled by the Court. In the case of the Fourteen Incorporations of Glasgow a further considera- tion arises. The Members of these Incorporations are all associated in the Crafts Guildry (the affairs of which are managed by the Trades House), and there are certain associative principles relating to the inter-connection of the Guildry and the Crafts which, if altered in the case of any one Craft, might constitute a breach of the association. The principles of association for all those Crafts which continue united must in every instance remain the same. These principles of association are to be found in the Letter of Guildry, in the Deed of Foundation of the Trades Hospital, and in the Deei-ee of Declarator. It follows from the Decree of Declarator that if any alteration is to be made on the constitution of the Trades House that must be done by Parliament. Those principles of association have been more or less imported into the Bye-Laws of the Trades House and the Bye- Laws of the Crafts, and there are regulations amongst these Bye-Laws based upon these principles. The subject of the enactment and ratification of Incorporation Regulations must, therefore, be approached under three heads — (1) Constitution; (2) Asso- ciative Principles: (3) Bye-Laws. To a large extent the constitution of a Craft is contained in its existing printed Regulations along with Utiles regulating the inter-connection of the Crafts with the Guildry and Trades House and Bye-Laws relating to purely internal administration, but there is no separation in the prints between these three different sets of regulations. Could such separation be made it would be an easy matter to lay down pro- cedure to be followed by the Incorporations in common (1) in the alteration of constitutional principles, (2) in the alteration of associative principles and relative regulations ; or (3) in the enactment and alteration of Bye-Laws, and all in sueli a way as to remove doubts as to how any portion of these may be validly altered in future. The Sub-Committee think it practicable (although perhaps difficult) for the Fourteen Incorporations to separate from their Seals of Cause and existing regu- lations those principles which are really constitutional principles. It is also practicable to extract from the Letter of Guildry, the Deed of Foundation of the Hospital, the Decree of Declarator, and the existing Bye-Laws of the Trades House and the Crafts, (1) Those associative principles which could be changed only by Parliamentary authority, or which in some cases perhaps might be changed by unanimous con- sent of the Fourteen Crafts, and of the Trades House, and APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 283 (2) Those regulations dealing with such principles to the enactment or altera- tion of which the Trades House would require to be a consenting party. Such regulations should not only be uniform but should conform to the Regulations of the House on the subject. The residue would consist of ordinary Bye-Laivs for internal Craft adminis- tration. The Sub-Committee think the following conclusions will not be disputed : — Conclusions (First) The constitutional principles of a Craft, if once declared in writing, Committee would require to remain unchanged until an application had been made to the Court of Session (under the powers and within the limits prescribed by the Act of 1846), to the Crown or to Parliament, for alteration. (Second) Any alteration on those essential conditions which relate to the connection of the Fourteen Crafts in the Guildry would require Parliamentary authority, or, it may be, in some cases merely the agreement of all the associated bodies, and of the Trades House. But there are also Craft Regulations dealing with and following from those principles and affecting the relation of the Craft with the Trades House which could be altered from time to time with consent of the Trades House. (Third) As regards Bye-Laws for regulating internal administration while there is no doubt each Craft has absolute power to alter these at will without the sanction of any other body, even here there is always the possibility of questions arising as to whether any Bye-Law (1) is in conformity with the constitution or is an innovation equivalent to an alteration on the constitution, or (2) is of such a character that it alters the conditions of association which connect the Fourteen Incorporations in the Guildry. Such questions when raised could only be settled by the Court. Were the work of separation done, therefore, and the constitution, the con- Procedure in ditions of association with their relative regulations, and the administrative n ?. a .? Bye-Laws, ascertained and distinguished, the procedure with regard to alterations in any of those branches would be as follows : — Each Incorporation would consider as regards alterations in its constitution On whether the sanction of the Court of Session, the Crown, or Parliament should be Constitution, obtained. For isolated alterations in the constitution, the sanction of the Court of Session where appropriate would be the simplest method, but for complete revised constitutions the advisability of applying for a Royal Charter or Act of Parliament could in each instance be considered. As regards the conditions of association in the Guildry, those would remain On fixed and uniform unless alterations were made bv authority of Parliament, or it £ s . s0 9 at:lve 1 ' Principles, may be, in some cases with the unanimous consent of all the Crafts and the Trades House. Regulations or Bye-Laws, however, dealing with these conditions would require only the consent of the Trades House, 284 T1IK HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. On ordinary Bye- Laws. Summary. As regards Bye-Laws for internal administration, these would only require the approval of the Members of the Craft, but each Incorporation would have the option of applying to the Court of Session, if thought fit, for sanction to alterations on Bye-Laws under Section 3 of the Act of 1846. In giving a full analysis of the constituent parts and relations of the Rules and Regulations of the Crafts, it has been the aim of the Sub-Committee to aid the Crafts in the interpretation of the Act of 1S46, and particularly Section 3. The proviso to that Section enacts that nothing therein contained shall affect the validity of any Bye-Laws, Regulations, or Resolutions made without the sanction of the Court, which it would have been competent prior to the Act to make without the sanction of the Court. Whether, therefore, the work of separation above outlined is completed or not, each Incorporation must continue to be guided by its own legal advisers as to how far Section 3 applies to its own peculiar circumstances, and how far, in view of its past practice, it may be competent for a Craft to deal with any alteration in its Bye-Laws, Regulations, or Resolutions under the proviso re- ferred to. To summarise, the Sub-Committee are of opinion — (1) That alterations in the constitution of any of the Incorporations require the sanction of (a) The Court of Session under the powers and within the limits specified in the Act of 1846, Section 3; or (4) The Crown ; or (c) Parliament ; (2) I. That alterations in the associative principles which bind the Incor- porations together in the Guildry require («) The consent of all the other Incorporations and the Trades House ; or failing this (/)) Parliamentary sanction. II. That alterations of Bye-Laws or Regulations of the Incorpora- tions dealing with these principles and affecting the relations of a Craft with the Trades House require the consent of the Trades House. (3) That alterations of Bye-Laws relating to purely internal administration may be made, or such new Bye-Laws may be enacted, by each Incorporation ex propria- motu. Recommen- The Sub-Committee recommend that, in all cases of proposed alterations of d&tions ot t ] le constitution, or of associative principles or regulations, or of existing Bye-Lams, or Committee, of the enactment of additional Bye-Laws, the new proposals should be submitted APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 285 to the Trades House for its consent (where above indicated to be necessary), and for its information in all other cases, and that at the same time the nature of and proposed further procedure should be intimated, so that the House may advise with a view to uniformity. Reported by (Signed) JAMES NESS, Clerk of the Incorporation of Bakers. ( „ ) ROBERT LAMOND, Clerk of the Incorporation of Cordiners. ( „ ) WILLIAM NELSON, Clerk of the Incorporation of Mailmen. ( „ ) HARRY LUMSDEN, Clerk of the 1'rades House. Unanimously approved and adopted at a meeting of the Committee of Clerks Sub- held on this date. Committee's Report (Signed) JAS. A. REID, Approved by Clerk of the Incorporation of Wrights, „ p, , e Chairman. Glasgow, 29th April, igio. 286 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. VI. INCORPORATION OF HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW 1. L1JST OF MEMBERS From 6th November, 1616, to joth November, //JJ, and From Jjtk August, i]J5, to j/st December, ipu. Note. — The occupations of Members, the essay:, made at entry, the dates of the Burgess tickets and the class to which entrants belonged are given wherever traceable. The essay ceased to be a condition oj entry a' the end of the year 1847. From 1616 to /S47 the essay -was demanded (although not always recorded) from all operatives. After ITS 2 sons and sons-in-law began to lie admitted without making an essay on condition that they should not practice the trade. But after 182S many ad/.. . r< made (where no essay was given in) without this condition on payment of £10 sterling extra. A = Apprentice ; S=Son; S. L.= Son-in-law ; Sir. = Stranger ; B.T.=Burgess Ticket. Date of No. Date of Entry. \ ame. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 1 Nov. 6, 1616, Johue Kirkwood, . 1 loldsmythe. S. 2 Nov. 20, 1017, Robert Conyngkamc, Bras smyt. Str. 3 Jan. 28, 1018, Johue Fynniesouu, ■• A. 4 )» >> Jarnes Clark, . S. 5 May 28, 1619, Allane Naper, fi J» J» Wilhaine Duucane, . . . s.' 7 Aug. 23, Uc'u, David Logane, 8 >» >> Audio Gilkersowne, 9 Dec. 8, ,. Robert Williamsowne, Blak siiij t. 10 Sept. S, li,-'l. William Akeine, s." ' '. 11 »> )) U llliain Swyntow in'. Sadler. Str. 12 Nov. 17, ., David M'Ben, Dag Meker. Str. 13 Sept. 17, 1022, Thomas Miller, 14 Sept. 7, 1623, Adam Nicoll, Armourer. 15 May 5, 1024, William Mayne, Pottei A.' '. 16 Dec. 29, „ Archibald Leyis, Ham merman. 17 July 25, 1625, Andro Karnes, M 18 Sept. S, „ .Inline Maxwell, s. 19 Aug. 2, 1020, William Braidwood, 20 William Luiff, Yr., . S.L 21 Aug. 24, H 127, Johue M'Bend, A. 22 Dec. 22, „ William Maxwell, S. Essay. 9. Ane hois sho and nailis. Well known HAMMERMEN of the. PAST. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 287 No. Date ol Entry. Name. 23 July 9, 1628, James Leischinane, 24 July 16, „ Johne Baillie, . 25 Deo. 10, „ James Park, . 26 Deo. 20, „ David Mwre, . 27 Sept. 4, 1629, Johnne Scott, 28 »» It Johnne Grahame, 29 Sept. 10, „ Johnne Jaiphray, 30 a Jt Alexr. Jaiphray, 31 Sept. 23, „ Alexr. Young, 32 Deo. 9, „ William Baird, 33 Feb. 3, 1630, Rot. Sinkler, . 34 April 7, „ Rot. Dalgleische, 35 Aug. 25, „ Johnne Black, 36 Oct. 20, 1632, Johnne Hall, . 37 Feb. 15, 1033, Johnne Reid, 38 »J »» Androw Calderwood, 39 July 19, „ Master Jon Huchesoune, of Scotistoune, 40 Julv 14, 1634, Thomas Inglis, 41 Aug. 20, „ David Donnald, 42 Nov. 7, „ Johnne Reid, Yr., 43 Mar. 6, 1635, James Smithe, 44 May 23, „ Alexr. Jafray, 45 Sept. 11, „ Johnne Leipper, 46 *> 9) Rot. Galbraithe, 47 n »» James Smithe, 48 June 17, 1636, Robert Maxwell, 49 Sept. 7, „ Johnne Calderwood 50 Nov. 26, „ Thomas Hendirsont 51 Aug. 24, 1637, William Philpe, 52 Sept. 13, „ Jou Robesoune, 53 July 28, 1638, James Duncane, 54 Feb. 8, 1639, Robert Wilsoune, 55 Sept. 6, „ Abrahame Mwir, 56 Feb. 10, 1641, Jon Scott, 57 Mar. 24, „ Johnne Walker, 58 July 28, „ Daniell Inglis, 59 »» »» Jon Buines, . 60 Aug. 5, 1<>42, Arthor Tacket, 61 »> »» Johnne Pittilloch, . . 62 Sept. 4, 1643, Thomas Clerk, 63 >* >» James Japhray, 64 Feb. 4, 1645, Gawan Scott, 65 Nov. 14, „ Johne Drumond, 66 Jan. 19, 1647, William Gulieland, 67 May 7, „ Andro Blackwood, 68 >> »» James Barclay, 69 Aug. 16, „ Jon Maxwell, 70 Sept. 10, „ Patrik Bunteiu, 71 Sept. 13, „ Johne Broun, 72 Dec. 10, „ Ninian Darroch, 73 Feb. 7, 1648, Johne Duncansone, . 74 Feb. 28, „ Walter Mayne, 75 May 6, „ James Brounlie, 76 ,, ,, Johne Duncan, Yr., 77 Dec. 7, „ Robert Johnestoun, 78 Johne Gib, 79 July 27, 1649, George Park, . 80 „ „ James Scott, . 81 >> i» James Andersone, . 82 Sept. 4, „ Johne Miller, . 83 Oct. 23, „ Johne Neill, . Occupation. Class. Blak symt. Pewderer. Armorer. Dagmaker. Brassmythe. Saidler. Suord Slyper. Saidler. Toune Clerk. Pewderer. Dagmaker. Hammerman. Saidler. Belt maker. Brassmythe. Lorimer. Armorer. Saidler. Cuitler. Hammerman. Armorer. Hammerman. Blacksm yt . Loremer. Armorer. Hammerman. Dagmaker. Brassmith. Potter. Peutherer. Hammerman. Beltmaker. Blacksmith. Armorer. Dagmaker. Knockmaker. S. S. A. A. S. A. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. A. Str. A. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. S. S. S. A. S. S. S. A. Str. S. A. Str. A. A. S. s. s. s. s. s. Str. A. Str. S. A. Str. A. A s. A. S. Str. A, A. S. A. A. Str. Date of Burgess Ticket. 288 THE HAMMKRMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of Nil Date Hi Entry- Name. Occupation. 11. i Burgess Ticket. 84 May 10, 1650, Amli'" Purdoun, Lorimer. A. 85 May 11. „ . Lorimer. A. run ■ 7, „ Johne W ill; mi lone, Blaeksmyt. S. 87 Aug. 13, „ Johne Reid, . Armorer. A. 88 Aug. 29, „ David Robeaone, Bell maker. S. 89 >> » Alexr. 1 !o\ '■ hi. I.i.i i iii<-. . A. itn May 27, 1651. Archibald M'Key, . Dagmaker. A. 91 Sept. 4, „ une, Brassmyt. s. 92 Jan. 27. 1652, Ja mea Dunlop, Saidler. A 93 »t >» James Jobnestoun, i locksmyt. Str. in . luhne Love, . Dagmaker. S. 95 Deo. ' in. .', Patrick Milviear, . Quhyt yron worker. A. 96 Dee, 21, . i.i in, Harvh (Fail ie), Blaeksmyt. S. 97 Aug. 19, L653, William Merschell, . • > P. '.IS Feb. 19, 1655, ' Na per, s. 99 1 -t, ., Thomas Winzet, Str. inn Aug. 28, „ James Leischman, . s. 101 Sept. 15, ,, ( Sawin Park, . Str. 102 Aug. 14, hi iii. William Wik.mc, . A. 103 Sept. 16, Johne Smythe, S.L. 104 Feb. 23, 1657, Johne Yniing, S.L. 105 Aug. 31. ., Allane Gairner, S.L. 106 Jan. 4, 1658, William Hendersone, Sedler. S. 107 Feb. 18, „ Androw Baillvie, Quhytt yroue worker. s. 108 Sept. 15, „ Harie Wat, . . A. 109 James Love, . S. llll Mr, 6, 1659, Williame Grahame, Whyt yrone worker. A. Ill Nov. 11, „ Johne Goveane, A. 112 Nov. 17, „ Alexr. Black, S. 113 Dec. 22, „ Johne Johnestoune, Peulderer. Str. 114 J» »» James Bryce, Locksmith. A. 115 Feb. 10, 16i in, Andro Black, Hammerman. S. 116 Feb. 21, 1661, Johne Hodge, Airmourer. Str. 117 .May 8, „ James Kerr, . Blaeksmyt. Str. 118 Aug. 20, „ Johne Burnes, Blacksmith. S. 119 Sept. 13, „ Johne Hamiltoune, Saidler. A. 120 Aug. 4, 1663, Johne Rankein, Locksmith. A. 120a Feb. 13, „ Alexr. Strange, A. 1:21 Aug. 4, „ Johne Wilsone, Lorimer. A. 122 tt '» David Leischman, . Blacksmithe. S. 123 May 19, 1664, Alexr. King, . Whyt yron worker. A. 124 Aug. 18, „ Rot. Alexr.. ,, A. 125 Sept. 'J2, .. Johne Mathow, Blacksmith. A. 126 April 1, 1665, James Pollok, ,, S.L. 127 May 27, „ Thomas Moncuir, . I loldsmith. Str. 128 Aug. 11, „ Johne Auldcorno, . Blacksmith. Str. 129 Sept. 11, ., Johne Robiesoune, . Coppersmith. Str. 130 Nov. 16, „ George Robiesoune. Beltmaker. A. 131 June 19, 1666, George Robiesoune, Blacksmith. A. 132 Sept. 1, „ Thomas Stevine, „ S.L. 132a Feb. 28, 1668, David and Johne Blackes, Hammerman. S.L. 133 Aug. 11, „ Robert Burnes, Hammerman. S. 134 Johne Robiesoune, . . . A. 135 Feb. 4, 1669, Archibald Galbreath, , . S. 136 tt >> Mathow Muir, A. 137 Sept. 9, „ James Dunlope, Lorimer. A. 138 ,, .» Robert Telphair, Klocksmith. A. 139 Johne Andersoune, Brassmyth. A. 140 >* ', Johne Weir, . A. Essays. 92. Four pieces of work. 98. Kaysis making. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 2 So No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 141 Sept. 9, 1669, Master George Your 'g. ■ 8tr. 142 »» »» Johne Johns, . . WryUr. St!. 143 Feb. 4, HIT", Alexr. Brycc, Locksmith. A. 144 »» It George Park, . • »» A. 145 Robert Dobbie, ,, A. 146 June 14, „ Androw Craig, Blacksmith. Str. 147 Juno 30, 1671, Hendrie Marshall, Whyt earne man. A. 148 Aug. 4, „ Johne Currie, Gunsmith. A. 149 Aug. 10, „ Robert Walker, Hammerman. A. 150 Sept. 21, „ James Waterstone, • ,, A. 151 .Sept. 29, „ Robert Sime, ,, Str. 152 Feb. 17, 1672. Johne Scott, . Airmourer. S. 153 July 22, 1673, John Bogill, . Hammerman. A. 154 »» »» Robert Brock, Goldsmith. A. 155 Aug. 12, „ James Duncan, Hammerman. s. 156 Sept. 12, „ James Sheills, »> A. 157 it John Blackwood, S. 158 Feb. 6, 1674, Williame Barr, »> Str. 159 Nov. 9, „ Jon Davie, Airmourer. 160 Feb. 9, 1675, Johne Craig, . Hammerman. A.' 161 Mar. 22, „ Johne Riddell, • A. 162 July 27, „ George Buntine, • jj Str. 163 May 9, 1676, Roderick M'Kellane ■ >» Str. 164 June 9 Archibald M'Key, \ r r-, • S. 165 »i j» Johne Craig, . ,j s. 166 Aug. 14, 1677, Williame Dunlope, Saidler. Str. 167 )» J» James Davidsoune, St i. 168 Aug. 27, 1678, Walter Corbet, Lorimer. A 169 Oct. 4, „ Johne Love, Yr., . . 170 Nov. 8, „ Rot. Dunlop, 171 Aug. 8, 1679, Rot. Andersoune, Y r., . 172 Nov. 18, „ Johne Gairner, . . 173 »> n Johne Herbertsone, . . 174 Aug. 26, 1680, Hughe Muir, . 175 »» »> Adam Wilsone, ! Clerk. Str. 176 Sept. 14, „ George Louk, Goldsmythe. Str. 177 Dec. 31, „ James Grahame, Pewtherer and whyt yron Str. 178 June 10, 1681, Wm. Browne, man. Str. 179 »» >» Walter Rankine, Hammerman. S. 180 Aug. 5, 1682, Thomas Cuming, Goldsmyth. Str. 181 Dec. 8, „ George Noble, Hammerman. 182 June 21, 1683, Archibald Sympsou re, . Beltmaker. A. 183 June 29, „ William Waterstour e, . Hammerman. A. 184 Aug. 16, „ William Swintoune, Saidler. S. 185 Aug. 22, „ John Sympsone, Armorer. A. 186 May 30, 1684, Stephen Crawfurd, Str. 187 Jan. 30, 1685, John Strang, . Hammerman. A. 188 »» ,, Alexander Donaldsc ne, . „ A. 188k Aug. 3, „ John Wilsoune, A. 189 Dec. 15, „ AUane Currie, . . . A. 190 Feb. 9, 1686, James Coalzier, Lorimer. A 191 Mar. 12, „ James Stirling, of Bf illagane Goldsmith. Str. 192 April 13, „ Androw Whyt, Locksmith. A. 193 May 4, „ Matthew Gulmour A. 194 Sept. 24, „ John Watt, . S. 195 June 30, 1687, James Kerr, Yr., S. 196 »» „ James Craig, . 197 Aug. 19, „ Christopher Strong, s. 153. Of Peudir and whyt yron. Essays. I 177. Of pewther and whyt yrone. 290 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date ol No. Date of Entry. Name. 1 icoupation. 1 1.1 - . Burgess Ticket. 198 Aug. 19, 1687, Duncan Buchanan, 199 \11.1;. 25, „ Matthew Leishman, 200 Dec 29, .. James dimming, Goldsmit h. A.' 201 May 19, 1688, Androw Robiesone, . , . 202 Aug. 29, „ James Love, . 203 1 Patrick Henderson,. 204 » Jon Seol 1. A.' 205 Aug. 17, 1689, Johne Bobb, . A. 206 William Hodgyaii'd, 1 (oldsmith. A. 207 .I,ui 21, 1690, Ri bert Steinsone, . Clockmaker. Sir. 208 May 17, ., David Weir, . St r. 209 Aug. *, .. James Smythe, Saidler. S.L. 210 Feb. 13, 1691, Andro Dinnestoune, Whyt yron man. Sir. 211 Aug. 14, „ William Dunlop, Gunsmith. A. 212 tl ,. James Hamiltone, . Saidler. S. 213 Sept. 3, 1692, Johne Black, Yr., . . . s. 214 Jan. 16. 1693, James Louk, . Goldsmith. A. 215 .July 12, „ William Clerk, »» A. 216 Sept. 4, 1694, Jon Rankine, 217 Nov. 22, „ Alexr. Chambers, A.' 218 Feb. 12, 1695, Alexr. Bryce, Hammerman. s. 219 Aug. 17, „ William Gilmour, Coppersmith. A. 220 ,, ,, James Dunlop, Gunsmith. A. 221 »» ., Archibald Sympsone, Airmourer. A. 222 *> James Andersone, . Whyt yron man. A. 223 JJ Matthew M'Cuir, . Founder (?) S. 224 Sept. 13, „ Thomas Hill, . Pewtherer and whyt yron A. 225 David Donnald, man. Str. 226 Sept." 11, 1696, William Teller, Hammerman. A. 227 Aug. 21, ., John Strang, . Coppersmith. S. 228 „ »» William Wyllie, A. 229 ,, James Scott, . Whyt yron worker. A. 230 Feb. 12, 1697, Frederick Hammiltoune, Saidler. s. 231 Aug. 20, „ Nathaniel! Love, Str. 232 Feb. 15, 1698, William Norvell, Binder. Str. 233 May 2i;, 1699, John Louk, . Goldsmith. A. 234 >» M William 1 ilesfoord, . Hammerman. S.L. 235 July 5, 1701, John Currie, . Gunsmith. S. 236 May 20, 1702, John Scot, Armourer. Str. Essays. 207. 208. 210. 211. 212. 213. 21-1. 217 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. Ane hous clock. Aue hous clock. Ane pynt stoup, ane bonatt, and a why! yron chanler. Ane gunlock. Ane sadle and ane padd. Ane chist lock, ane pair of bands, with ane hors shoe and eight naills. Ane silver hilt to ane sword, aue small braudie dish, and ane plain gold ring. Ane best sort of a hieland hilt and ane hors- man's hilt. Ane hors shoe and eight naills. Ane chist luck and bands. Ane aqua vita flaik box and wand. The lock of a gunn. Ane mounted shable with ane hieland hilt. Ane whyt yron lanthorne and ane chanler. 223. 224. 225. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. Ane pail- of silver shoe buckles and ane pair of buttons in brass. Ane pewter basine and ane fyne tinn pynt stoup, ane whyt yron bonatt, and ane stoving pann. Ane hors shoe and eight naills, and ane wright's broad axe. A saidle and padd. Ane plait chist lock and key, ane pair of bands, ane hors shoe, and eight naills. Brasen elesps for bookes. Ane gold ring, ane silver dish, and ane silver whishell with Beven bells. Ane horse shoe and eight naills. Ane gun lock. The munting of ane old broad sword, grinding and dighting the same with the beet hieland hilt and ane old shable, grund and dight, and ane new scobert therto. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 291 Date of No. Date of Eutry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 237 Nov. 20, 1702, William Auldeorne, . Blacksmith. S. .. 238 »» n William Bulloch, Armourer. A. 239 >» »» Archibald M'Key, . S. 240 Aug. 13, 1703, John Waterstone, . s. 241 Sept. 24, „ Robert Fulton, A. 242 Feb. 18, 1704, David Dick, . A. 243 Aug. 25, „ Adam Rae, Str. 244 Oct. 26, „ Patrick Bryce, Locksmith. S. 245 April 15, 1706, William M'Kie, Str. 246 Nov. 11, 1707, James Fleming, Str. 247 Aug. 8, „ James Boyd, . Goldsmith. A. 248 )J »» Ritchard Scadlock, Sadler. Str. 249 Feb. IS, 1700, John Donnald, Blacksmith. Str. 250 Aug. 12, „ John Lindsay, A. 251 )) »» John Falconer, Goldsmith. A. 252 Sept, 13, „ William Hogg, Blacksmith. . . 253 Dec. 15, „ James Duncan, Brass-smith. , . 254 June 2, 1710, Alexander Telfoord, A 255 July 14, „ John Smith, . 256 Aug. 11, „ Robert Mather, 257 >) »> Archibald Paterson, Blacksmith. 258 JIar. 22, 1711, John Simpson, Yr.,. 259 Sept. 11, „ George Craig, Blacksmith. 260 Aug. 5, 1712, Robert Scadlock, Sadler. 261 J) »* William Ramsay, . Blacksmith. 262 Dec. 30, „ Robert Crawford, . 263 »» »» Henry Luke, . 264 J» J» John Gilmour, 265 >' »» John Craig, Yr., Blacksmith. 266 J» J» John Buntain, 267 »» *> James Anderson, Yr., 268 »» »t William Black, 269 >» it Alexander Paterson, 270 »» s» Adam Hill, 271 ,, ,, John Smyth, Yr., . 272 Aug. 12, 1714, John Gregg, . Saidler. 273 Aug. 2, 1715, James Fairie, Hammerman in Rutherglen. Str. 237. Ane horse shew and eight naills, ane lock of ane kist, key and pair of bands. 238. Ane broad suurd and scobert with the best hielan hilt with ane shable and scobert. 239. Ane beam and skeals, two pair brass buckles. 241. Ane aqua vitse rlaick box and wand. 242. Ane pair of chist bands and ane key. 243. Ane pynt stoup and peuther bassou. 245. Ane lock and pair of bands with ane horse shoe and eight nails. 246. Ane campine copper pott. 247. Ane silver whissell, ane silver jugg, and geld ring. 248. Ane sadle and ane padd. 249. Ane horse shoe with eight nails, with ane wood axe. 250. Ane brass munting of ane belt and pan of brass buckles. 251. Ane bairn's whistle, ane dram dish, and ane gold ring. 252. Ane horse shew and eight nails and ane wood axe. 253. Ane brass Hour and ane copper pott. Essays. 254. Ane chest lock and ane pair of bands. 255. Ane chist lock and ane pair of bands. 256. Ane chist lock and ane pan of bands. 257. Ane horse shoe and eight nails. 258. Ane broad hieland sword with hilt and mounting yrof. 259. Ane horse shew and eight nails. 260. Ane hunting stock and padd. 261. Ane horse shoe and ten nails. 262. Ane broath plate and warming pan of brass. 263. Ane letter case clesped with Bible clesps and keepers. 2ii4. Ane copper pann and ane bonis. 265. Ane In use shoe and ten nails. 266. Ane stew pann and ane broath pleat. 267. Ane tinn pint stoup and ane wbyte irons lantn 11. 268. Ane chist lock and pair of bands. 269. Ane campaigns copper poat. 270. Ane campaigns copper poat. 271. Ane chist lock and pah of bands. 272. Ane hunting stock nnd ane padd. 273. A horse shoe. -9-' THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. Name. i Iccupatlon. i i. Date nt Burgesa I [ckct. 274 Aug. 2, 1715, mas Fleeming, . Hammerman in Rutin Sir. 275 >> i» David Pinkertoun, . ii Str. 276 Aug. 26, „ John Donnald, 277 if » Archibald Dennestoun, 27S >, William Crawford, . 279 Walter Corbet, , . 280 -• Thomas Kennedy, . 281 ii. .. Robed Simp -one, . 282 18, 1716, John Dunlop,. 283 John James M'< 'ill,. . . 284 Sept. 20, .. 1 hcniias GommilL . in ( o.rljalls. Str. 284a Nov. 22, .. Urn rv Luke, . Piinkhilldcl . 285 July 20, 1717. Charles Charras, Watchmaker. Sti. 280 .. ii Johan Gothelf. Billsings, . i ioldsmith. Str. 287 Aug. in. „ Duncan Thomson, . , . 288 in. .. Walter Lang, 289 Jan. 24, 1718, Patrick Buchannan , . .".hi 1 .ii. 24, 1718, Gabriel Gardner, 291 April 17, „ Patrick Glen, 292 Juno 26, „ James Maitland, . . 293 »» »» 1 leorge Johnstoun, . 294 Aug. 12, „ John Brown, 295 John Brady, . . Saddler. 296 Robert Kellie, 297 Sept. 8, „ Gavin St rut hers, 29S Oct, 23, „ Thomas Orr, . Clerk to the Incorporation. Str. 299 Mar. 14, 1719, James Donn, . 300 June 25, John Garner, 301 July 2, .. Robert M'Gilchreist, Goldsmith. 302 July 27, .. Alexander Fleming, 303 Jan. 21, 1720, Allan Stevenson, . . 304 »» >> Robert Dobie, . . 305 Aug. 5, „ John Thomson, , . 306 .May 1, 1721, Robert Craig, 307 ii ii Robert M'Kie, 308 Thomas Hallie, Ciockmaker. 309 John Black, Yr., , , 310 Sept. 18, ',', Robert Luke, Goldsmith. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 2S0. 281. 282. 2s:j. 284. 2S5. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. Essays. A horse shoe. A horse shoe. Ane ohist lock and ane pair of bands. Ane copper plate and ane white iroue pan. The movement of ane watch. Ane chist lock and pair of bands. Ar.e chist lock and pair of bands. Am- silver spoon and ane salt, The movement of ane watch. Ane chist lock and pair of bauds. Ane fork and knife and ane bayonet. The balance wheel and ane canter wheel of ane watch. Two silver salts with ane joynt to a box. Ane chist lock and pair of bands. Ane copper poat. Ane side pistol with ane irone stock. Ane salmond hook, ane bait hook, and ane flee fishing hook with three tinned fishing hooks. Ane broad sword. Ane broath plate and ane pint stoup. 293. 294. 295. 29ii. 297. 2HS. 300. 301. 302. 303. 3iil. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. Ane letter wire and three pair of book clesps. A chist lock and pair of bands. Ane hunting stock and a woman's padd. Ane tinn pint stoup and a broth plate. Ane shipman's weighting beam. A pocket knife. A chist lock and pair of bands. A large silver spoon and fork with ane gold ring. Ane chist lock and pair of chist bands. Ane campaigne poat and ane brass flour. Ane horse shoe and eight uails. Ane lock and pair of bands ; ane horse shoe and eight nails. Ane chist lock of iron, ane pair of bauds, and ane hieland broadsword hilt of brass. Ane campaign copper pot, ane brass flour, and fine tinn pint stoup. Ane eight day house clock. A chist lock and pair of bands. A silver whishell stick with a diamond gold ring. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. Date of N'o. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 311 Aug. 24, 1722, George Craig, 312 JJ »» Archibald Simpson, 313 »» t* George Simpson, 314 ft J» Thomas M'Calla, 315 »> »> William Duncan, , . 310 >» J» William Lang, 317 Mar. 1, 1723, James Collier, 318 , . Alexander Rae, . . | 319 June 13, „ Andrew Can, . , 320 tt j» .liilm Ewing, . 321 Aug. 14. 1724, George Noble, . . 322 „ „ Andrew Watson, 323 Maj 25, 1725, John Simpson, 324 ., Archibald Simpson, 325 John Chambers, . . 326 Aug." 13, ", John Murray,. 327 >» J* John Anderson, 328 Sept. 20, „ John Willson, , . 329 Feb. 17, 1726, John Telfier, . t t 330 May 28, „ John Anderson, 331 >> yj John Murdoch, 332 yy »> 333 Aug. 18, „ John Strang, . 334 J> »» James Whytlaw, 335 Sept, 14, 1727, William Russell, . . 336 Feb. 16, 172S, John Bryce, . . . 337 >» ») Jonas Greenlees, . . 338 May 16, „ Thomas Allan, , , 339 Aug. 16, „ John Campbell, 340 Nov. 15, „ Thomas Hunter, . , 341 >> »» Robert Wilson, 342 John Rae, 343 Feb." 7, 1729, Andrew Burnside, Saddler. 344 .lune 2, ,, James Witherspond 345 Aug. 15, „ Gavin Kibble, 346 »» t> John Rankine, * • i • • 347 Aug. 5, 1730, James Scot, . 1 .. Essays. 311. Ane chist lock and pair of bands. 312. Anc bridle belt with ane brass head. 313. Ane pair brass candlesticks with ane pail snuffers and box. 314. Ane chist lock and pair of bands. 315. Ane tin pint stoup and broth plate. 316. Ane chist lock and pair of bands. 317. A lock and pair of bands. 318. A lock and pair of bands, and an ax and an ich. 319. Ane foot ax and ane ech. 320. Ane chest lock and pair of bands. 321. A pair of brass candlesticks, snuffers and box, with a brass hilt for a sword. 322. A copper broth pot and a brass flower. 323. A broad sword mounting. 324. A chest lock and pair of bands. 325. A horse shoe and eight nails. 326. A horse shoe and eight nails. 327. Two pair book clesps and e3'es of brass. 328. A chist lock and pair of bands. 329. A press lock and pair of bands, with the pinnion and wheel] of a watch, 330. 331. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 33S. 339. 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. A pint stoup of pewter and a white iron bonet. A gardener's spade, ane ax or hatchet. A broath copper pot and white irone boiiat and tin pint stoup. A hunting saddle, a bridle, and a woman's pade. A chest lock and pair of bands. A plain gold ring. A hunting stock pad and double bridle. A copper broth pot and a brass flower. A dram dish and silver whistle. A horse shoe and eight nails. A pocket knife. A pair of brass clasps and eyes. A hunting saddle, a pad, and a bridle. A pair of brass square candlesticks with snuffers and box, and two pounds oi brass weights. A copper broath poat and a brace flour. A pair of with a table knife and fork. A chist lock and pair of bands, 294 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 348 Mar. 29, 1731, U 1 1 hew ( rilmure, . 349 .1 line 3, .. Hendry Drew . 350 Aug. 20, it 1 >.i i i'l Summer! ell, 351 » tt William Downie, 352 , John Lamont, 353 Ll2g. 11. 1732, Matthew Davidson, 354 f If 1 unes Napier, . , 355 ,, William \uaii. 356 Sept. 29, " John Wardrop, Writer in Glasgow (Pendicle). S.L. 357 Aug. 24, 1733, Peter Telfi r, . , . 358 Archibald Paterson, 359 William Sawers, 360 Nov, 30, '» llulicrt ( 'r.iig. Maltman in Glasgow (Pendicle). S." Note.— The Minute Book from 1733 to 1775 is lost. 361 Aug. 25, 1775, John Calder, . Watch and Clock Maker. A. Aug. 24, 1775. 362 ,, ,, James Crighton, Smith. tt i» 363 , *» James Kirkland, Wright, Feb. 20, 1757. 364 Deo. 15, Wm. Cuthbertson, . Maltman. Str. Feb. 10, 1763. 3(15 Aug. 30, 1776, Thomas M'Cash, Smith. Mar. 1, 1776. 366 ,, ,, Robert Gray, Goldsmith. Aug. 29, „ 367 ,, ,, James Kirkland, Watch and Clock Maker. Sept. 1, 1769. 368 ,, »» James Sword, Smith and Ironmonger. Sept. 4, 1770. 369 M ,, James Lockhart, Merchant. April 23, 1757. 370 i> «* James Cullen, . Silversmith. | . . June 4, 1776. 371 , ,, John Hamilton, White Iron Smith. Aug. 29, „ 372 ,, ,. Alexander Drysdale, Smith. Aug. 30, „ 373 Sept . 20, ,. Alexander Cameron, Sept. 19, „ 374 Aug. 29, 1777, •lames Kirkwood, . Saddler. Aug. I, 1777. 375 ,, ,, Wm. Love, Goldsmith. Aug. 9, „ 376 ,, ,, Thomas Stenhoi' . Coachmaker. Sept. 18, 1783. 377 ., ,, James Taylor, Silv< i mith. Oct. 18, 1773. 378 ,, ,, Wm. Hamilton, „ , t Dec. 2, 1776. 379 ,, ,, John Johnstone, Smith. Sept. 29, 1774. :;su ,, ,, Charles Clypon, Silversmith. Dec. 1, „ 381 ,, ,, John M'AUaster, White Iron Smith. Aug. 9, 1777. 382 ,, ,, James Duncan, ( lutler. Aug. 15, „ 383 .. .. John JI'Farlane, Merchant. Aug. 12, „ Essays. 348. A copper broth pot with an irone bule. 349. A clock barrell wheel and pin with a sea and land compased dayall. 350. A copper broth poat with an iron bule. 351. Ane hatchet, ane horse shoe with eight nail.';'. :c>l'. Ane chist lock and pair of bands. 353. A garden spade, a chest lock, and pair of bands. 3.">4. A dram dish and plain stock buckle, botl oi silver. 355. A chest lock and pair of bands. 356. No Essay (Pendicle). 357. A chest lock and pair of bands. 358. A chest lock and pair of bands. 359. A chest lock and pair of bands. 360. No Essay (Pendicle). 361. A horizontal wheell. 362. A small black beam. 363. A coffin mounting. 364. 365. 366. 367. 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 374. 375. 376. 377. 378. 379. 3S0. 381. 382. 383. No Essay (Pendicle). A pair of six inch joints. An opening hair ring. A clock movement. A cast of nails. A pair of silver piercers. A pair of cutt silver buckles. A drainer and coffee pott. A hand vyce. A snaffle bridle and Dutch collar. A pair of silver tea tongs. A belt and buckle. A pair of silver buckles A gold seal. A sunk press lock. A silver sugar bowle. A water cheese toaster. A pen knife and a lancet. A belt. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 295 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 384 Aug. 29, 1777. Daniel M'Faddean, Lorimer. 385 »» »» John Anderson, Smith. Sept. io, 1777. 386 Aug. 28, 1778, James Clark, . Coach and Harness Maker. Sept. 15, „ 387 David Clark, . ,, Aug. 19, 1778. 388 ,, „ James Stewart, Watch and Clock Maker. 389 Aug. 27, 1779, James Graham, Cutler. Aug. 26, 1779. 390 ., John Hunter, Nailer. 39 1 William Buchanan, Saddler. ; 392 .. Thomas Brydson, . Jeweller. n 393 „ James M'Leran, Watch and Clock Maker. 39+ „ „ John M'Arthur, Smith. Aug. 26, „ 395 •» ,, Wm. Dun, . Watch and Clock Maker. J Fl 396 „ Thomas Scott, Nailer. t »» 397 », ,, Walter M'Gown, Saddler. 398 Alexander Sword, . .. 399 Neil M'Lean, . Sword Slipper. Aug. 26, „ 400 ,, ,, Archibald M'Asslan, Miln Wright. Aug. 26, „ 401 402 403 Sept. 15, „ John Burns, . Hammerman. Sept. 14, „ May 18, 1780, James Fairie of Black- stocks, Provost of Rutherglen. S. May 18, 1780. 404 ,, „ Claud Marshall, Writer. Aug. 31, 1753. 405 Aug. 25, „ Robert Buchanan, . Smith and Plumber. Oct. 29, 1779. 406 „ „ George Ewing, Hammerman. Aug. 17, 1780. 407 June 28, 1781, Hugh Young, ,, S. L. 408 Aug. 31, „ Patrick M'Farlan. . Watch and Clock Maker. Aug. 31, 1781. 409 James Law, . Coppersmith. July 19, „ 41u »» ,, John Dawson, Founder. Aug. 31, „ 411 »> »* Peter Frazer, Goldsmith. June 14, „ 412 >» )» John Inglis, . Silversmith. Mar. 7, 1777. 413 »» »» Archibald Miller, Watch and Clock Maker. Aug. 30, 1781. 414 »» William Leichman, Smith. Aug. 9 8 415 Aug. 30, 1782, Davd Munro, Armourer. Aug. 23, 1782. 416 ,, Bevy Parkhill, Jeweller. 417 ,, ,, Archibald M'Lellan. Hamr. Mar. '7, „ 418 ,, ,, Thomas Dunbar, ,, Aug. 28, „ 419 „ „ James Falconer, Coppersmith. Sept. 5, 1781. 420 „ „ Thomas Rattray, . Merchant. Aug. 30, 1782. 421 ,, ,, William Bell, Jf Nov. 5, 1777. 422 ,, », James Lumsden, Hamr. June 11. 1778. Essays. 384. A pair of stirrup irons. 404. 385. A pair of clock weights. 405. 386. A saddle girth. 406. 387. A bridle rain." 407. 388. A pair of hands to a watch. 408. 389. A pen knife, a razor, and a pair of " scizars." 409. 390. Three cast of nails. 410. 391. A full welted or hunting saddle. 411. 392. A pair of tea tongs. 412. 393. A watch verge. 413. 394 A hand hammer. 414. 395. A wheel and pinion for a watch. 415. 396. A cast of nails. 416. 397. A welted saddle. 417. 398. A cast of nails. 418. 399. A scabbard for a Hanger. 419. 400. A plain iron. 420. 401. A hand hammer. 421. 403. No Essay (Pendicle). 422. A cast of nails. A lead ink stan dish. A screw plate and tops. No Essaj' (Pendicle). A horizontal " wheell." A hard soddered tea kettle. A small bear cock. A gold ring. A pair of piercers. A wheell and pinion. A horse shoe and foot of nails. A pair of six inch hinges. A mourning ring. A screw bolt and nut. A strap with a buckle. A sauce pan. A third wheel nnd pinion. A oullen screw. A pair of ear piercers. 296 THE HAMMERMKN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date oJ Entry. Name. Occupation. class. Burgess Ticket. 423 Nov. 29, 1782. John Burn ide, Merchant. s. 424 Vug. 28, 1783, Robert Craig, Baker. s. Aug. 13, 1761. 425 Sept. is. .. Andrew Blemini . Ilaiur. s. M;i\ 27, 1741. 426 M •• William Lind Writer. s. Sept. 17, 1783. 427 " »» Walter Bell, . Merchant. S.L. \la\ 4. 177b. 12S John Duncan, Flesher. S. Oct. 3, 1782. 429 .. William Falconer, Hi 111-- A. Sept. Is, 1783. 430 Thomas Gardner, ,, s. n 431 V >' James Rennie, White Iron Smith. s. »* 432 1 1 %e Craig, Merchant. S. Sept. 16 433 .. Andrew Kiikland, Baker. s. Sept. 20, 1775. 434 William Craig, Jr., Merchant. s. Sept. 18, 1777. 435 William Falconer, Cooper. s. Not. 24, 177!). 436 July 10, ITS t. Robert Craig, Baker. s. 437 Ug. 27, „ Archibald Lang, Jeweller. Aug. 27, 1784. 4 US John Wyllie, . ,, , »1 439 >» »» •lames Park, . Nailer. July 20, .. 440 William Mirrilies, Saddle Tree Maker. June 24, 1783. 44! William Falconer, White Iron Smith. Sept. 18, „ 442 •• ,. 1 leorge Scott, Coach Maker. 443 June ?s, ITS,"), Alexander Paterson Wright. S.L. Sept. i6, 1771. 444 Aug. 26, ., John Fleming, Smith. Aug. 26, 1785. 44.3 .. .. Henry Wardrop, Merchant. Aug. 23, „ 446 », .* John Scott, . Coach and Harness Maker. Aug. 26, „ 447 ( lharles Miller, Coppersmith. ,, 448 ., >* Matthew Maxwell, White Iron Smith. » „ 44!) James Galbraith, ,, 450 j» .. James Kinnebrough Pewterer. Sept. 17, 1772. 451 James Pollock, 1 bppersmith. Aug. 26, 1785. 452 George Lyon, White Iron Smith. »» »1 453 .. George Buchanan, Saddler. Aug. 18, „ 454 .. Robert Ballantine, Aug. 2.-,, „ 155 ., John Donald, Silversmith. Aug. 26, „ 456 William Aird,. Saddler. »i )» 457 » William Ingram, Merchant. '. April 27, 1780. 458 Aug. 25, 1786, Joseph Payler, Bridle Cutter. Nov. 13, 1766. 459 • ) »« Andrew M'Ctillooh, Smith. ]] Aug. 24, 1786. 160 James Wyllie, Copper and White Iron Aug. 23, „ Smith. Essays. 123. No Essay (Pendicle). 424. No Essay (Pendicle). 125. No Essay. 426. No Essay (Pendicle). 427. No Essav (Pendicle). 428. No Essay (Pendicle). 429. No Essay. ! 10. No E aay. 431. A coffee pot. 432. No Essav (Pendicle). 433. No Essay (Pendicle). 434. No Essay (Pendicle). 435. No Essay (Pendicle). 436. No Essay (Pcndii le). 437. A Roman hair ring. 138. A gold locket. 43!!. Three cast of nails. I M). Rivetting of a saddletree. At first refused to mike this essay (see Mins., 15th June, 1784). 111. 1 12. 143. 444. 445. 446. 447. 44S. 149. 150. 451. 452. 453. 454. 155. 451'.. 457. 458. 459. 4 bit. A coffee pot with a half sphere head. A belt. No Essay (Pendicle). A horse shoe. A crarnpet for a staff. A rein for a bridle. A tea kettle. A w bite iron kale pott. A tea pott japanned. A bulged decanter. A skillet pan. A coffee pott. A welted saddle. A hunting side saddle A pair of silver slice buckles. A man's hunting saddle. A belt, A pellham bridle. A twelve inch beam. A coffee pot. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 297 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgens Ticket. 461 Aug. 25, 1786, Adam Wright, Coppersmith. Aug. 24, 1786. 462 Aug. 31, 1787, James Robb, . Smith. Aug. 31, 1787. 463 „ „ James Bannerman, Wright, Carver, and Gilder. Sept. 26, 1786. 464 »» ?j Dugald Baine, Saddle-tree Maker. Aug. 28, 1788. 465 ,, ,, James Simpson, Saddler. June 11, 1784. 466 ,, ,, Thomas Smith, ), Aug. 30, 1787. 467 j» John M'Nair, Hamr. Nov. 30, 1786. 468 , „ Joseph Payler, Saddler. Oct. 18, „ 469 Sept, 20, „ John Campbell, Merchant. 470 Aug. 28, 1788, William Thomson, . Saddler. Aug. 21, 1788. 471 »» »» Andrew M'Kendrick, Pewterer. Aug. 28, „ 472 >» James Wyllie, Goldsmith and Jeweller. Nov. 1, 1786. 473 »» ;» James Duncan, Jeweller. Aug. 26, 1788. 474 *» John Patterson, », » » 475 James M'Lachlan, . Iron Founder. Aug.' 28, ,', 476 »» »> William Downie, Smith and Farrier. Aug. 27, „ 477 Robert Sheddan, Hamr. 478 »» >» David Smith, ,, July 24, „ 479 Sept. 18, „ John Ogilvie, Smith. Sept. 18, „ 480 Aug. 23, 1789, John Brand, . »» Aug. 27, 1789. 481-1 Duncan Smith, Hamr. Sept. 18, „ 481-2 » 5> William Downie, Smith and Farrier. 482 .. Thomas Patterson, Smith. Aug. 28, „ 483 f John MTndoe, Tinsmith. Oct. 18, 1786. 484 >t »t John Livingstone, . Smith. Aug. 28, 1789. 485 Sept. 14, „ John Sharp, . Merchant. a.' Sept, 14, „ 486 )) ts Thomas Ranken, Senr , . S.L. Sept. 3, 1784. 487 Thomas Ranken, Jr., , S. Aug. 2, 1786. 488 Aug." 27, 1790, James Ross, . Watch and Clock Maker. Aug. 25, 1790. 489 >J )» Richard Padgett, . Cutler. Aug. 26, „ 490 »> ?» Alexander Morton, . White Iron Smith. 491 John Gardner, Horse Shoer. Aug." 27, ", 492 Sept." 16, ", Andrew Hosie, Weaver. S.L. Sept. 15, „ 493 Aug. 26, 1791, Robert Miller, Coppersmith. S. Oct. 16, 1786. 494 »> »» William Lang, Smith. s. »» »» 495 ,, ,, Robert Dick, . ,, s. Sept. 26, „ 496 >. John Downie, Horse Shoer. s. Aug. 25, 1791. 497 ,, James Pennecuick, Clock and Watch Maker. S.L. May 6, „ 498 Archibald Ronald, . Glover. S.L. 499 »» >» James M'Kendrick, . Silversmith. May i4, 1789. Ess ITS. 461. A copper tea kettle. 481-1. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 462. A mortis lock and a hand vice. 481-2. A horse shoe and foot of nails 463. A leather belt. 482. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 464. A rivetted saddle-tree. 483. A mellon shape. 465. A side saddle. 484. A lock and a pair of hinges. 466. A plain hunting saddle. 485. No Essay (Pendicle). 467. A desk lock and pair of four inch hinges. 486. No Essay (Pendicle). 468. A plain hunting saddle. 487. No Essay (Pendicle). 469. A belt. 488. A pair of watch hands. 470. A man's hunting saddle full welted. 489. A razor and a pair of scizars. 471. A sacrament cup and a water flagon. 490. A white iron drainer and a saucepan. 472. A silver wine funnel. 491. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 473. A gold breast locket. 492. No Essay (Pendicle). 474. A hair ring. 493. A copper tea kettle. 475. A cast-iron wheell. 194. A cut cupboard lock sett in brass. 476. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 4!ij. A heater. 477. A hand hammer. 496. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 478. No Essay. 497. A fork and a bellstead. 479. A hunting saddle tree rivetted. 498. A leather belt. 480. \ spinning roller. 20 499. A pair of silver buckle 8. 298 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 500 Aug. 26, 1791, William M'Calpin, . Saddler. A. Aug. 26, 1791. 501 11 )• Alexander Bell, Clock and Watchmaker. A. Aug. 25, „ 502 William Smellie, Coppersmith. A. ») ,, 503 »» >» James Carse, . Copper and White Iron Smith. A. Any. 3, „ 504 )» »> David Spears, Smith. A. Sept. 21, 1786. 505 »» >» Win M'i 1 ' 1 lu-il, . Cotton Machine Maker. Str. Aug. 26, 1791. 506 *> *» Daniel Campbell, Horse 8h06! . si r. »» >> 507 ,, ,, Dugald M'Vain, White lion Smith. Str. j» »» .">< IS »? Peter Mirrlees, Saddler. Str. »» »J 509 l» '» William Smart, Merchant. Str. May 10, 1785. 510-1 •> 11 James Buchanan, . Maltman. Str. 510-2 ,, John Craig, Merchant. Jan. 1, 1790. 511 Sept. 15, „ Archd. Gillies, S.L. July 7, 1791. 512 Aug. 31, 1792, Archd. Thomson, . Saddler. S. Aug. 31, 1792. 513 ■■ *> David Pollock, Hammerman. s. ,, 514 „ Peter Forrest, Smith and Janitor in the College. Str. May 12, „ 515 ,, Alexander Forrest, . Coppersmith. s. July 20, „ 516 ,, Peter M'Lenochan, Smith. S. Aug. 31, „ 517 ,, ,, Jacob Ewing, »» s. » J» 518 ., ,, Charles Mirrlees, Hammerman. S.L. July 20, „ 519 John Thomson, Silversmith. A. Aug. 27, 17'. 10. 520 •j •> John Clark, . Saddler. A. Aug. 29, 1792. 521 ■1 James Muir, . Watch and Clock Maker. A. Aug. 24, „ 522 Archd. M'Vicar, »» A. t »» 523 ,, ,, John Logan, . Coppersmith. Str. Aug. 30, „ 524 " Andrew Lawson, : Wright and Cotton Machine Maker. Str. Oct. 6, 1786. 525 ,, ,, Henry Hemming, . 1 Hammerman. Str. Aug. 31, 1792. 526 .. George Muir, . Saddle-tree Maker and Hammerman. Str. Aug. 30, „ 527 ,, , Joseph Bain, . Merchant. Str. Aug. 31, „ 528 Sept. 7, „ John Steven, . Sept. 7, „ 529 , John Gardner, Aug. 1, 1786. 530 James Sword, Jr., . s.' 531 it ,» M' ises M'Culloch, . Str. 532 William Barr, Merchant. S. Sept. 20, 1792. 533 Sept. 20, „ James Kirkwood, . Shoemaker. s. Sept. 20, 1787. 534 Aug. 30, 1793, John Machen, Founder. s. Aug. 30, 1793. Es.< AYS. 500. A waited saddle and a pair of girths. 1 518. A leather belt. 501. A wheel and pinion. 519. Half a dozen silver tea spoons. 502. A copper tea kettle and skillet pan. 520. A welted saddle. 503. A white iron coffee pot and a copper tea 521. A pin wheel and pinion. kettle. 522. A watch center wheel and pinion 504. A pair of forging tongs and a flesh fork. 523. A copper tea kettle and a skillet pan 505. A brass wheel and pinion. 524. A head for drawing cotton with three rollers 506. A horse shoe and foot of nails. and a pair of card rollers. 507. A coffee pot and a drainer. 525. A white iron mutchkin pan 508. A welted hunting saddle. 526. A rivetted saddle-tree. 509. A leather belt. 527. A white iron mutchkin pan. 510-1 A white iron pan. 528. A belt. 511. No Essay (Pendicle). 529. A belt 512. A hunting saddle. 530. A cast of nails 513. An adze. 531. A cast of nails. 514. A belt. 532. A belt. 515. A copper tea kettle. 533. A b,h. 516. A pair of six inch hinges. 534. A pair of brass candlesticks. 517. A small screw plal e. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 299 No. Date of Entry. Name Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 535 Aug. 30, 1793, James Gray, . Goldsmith. A. Aug. 30, 1793. 536 »» )» James Spittal, Watchmaker. A. Aug. 29, „ 537 •* J» Andrew Coats, Brassfounder. A. Aug. 30, „ 538 Alexander Bontroun, Smith. Str. ) 539 M „ James Liddell, Frame Smith. Str. Oct. 16, 1786. 540 >• JJ James Adshead, Jeweller and Lapidary. Str. Aug. 22, 1793. 541 »J )» William Waddell, Saddler. A Aug. 30, „ 542 )» J» John White, Cotton Machine Maker. Str. f »» 543 John Chadwick, Str. t ft 544 n James Graham, Watchmaker. A. Aug. 26, „ 545 Aug." 29, 1794, John Sinclair, Smith. Str. Aug. 29, 1794. 546 Archibald Coats, Merchant. Str. 547 j» >» Hugh M'Lauchlane, Saddler. Str. Aug. 29, „ 548 • ) )» John Smith, . Smith. A. , ,, 549 »» »» John Hogg, . White Iron Smith. A. f ii 550 »» r» John Leechman, Hamr. S. Aug. 14, „ 551 William Love, Merchant. S.L. Jan. 29, 1791. 552 Dec. 16, „ James Murdoch, Hamr. S. Dec. 27, 1794. 553 Aug. 28, 1795, Stephen Miller, S. Aug. 27, 1795. 554 J» J» George Young, Hamr. Str. Aug. 6, „ 555 John Neilson, . Smith. Str. May 2, „ 556 »» »» David Fleming, Jr.. Merchant. Str. Aug. 24, 1782. 557 »» '» William Johnston, ,, Str. Aug. 24, 1795. 558 James Liddle, Hamr. A. Aug. 27, „ 559 Sept.' 8, .! William Mudie, Merchant. S.L. May 9, 1776. 560 Sept. 11, .. Walter Scott, Hamr. S. Sept. 9, 1795. 561 »» »» James Lumsden, Jr » s. 562 Oct. 0, ., James Craig, . Hamr. s. Oct. 6, „ 563 Mar. 31, 1796, Boyd M- Crocket, Baker. s. 564 Aug. 26, „ Malcolm M'Gregor, Merchant. Str. Aug. 26, 1796. 565 ,» ,1 Robt. Thomson, Watch Maker. A. Aug. 24, „ 566 ,» »» William Drew, Hamr. A. Aug. 23, „ 567 ,, »» Hay Lapsley, Goldsmith. A. Aug. 24, „ 568 ,, John Lyon, Hammerman. A. Aug. 23, „ 569 -, Alexander Brunton, Saddler. Str. Aug. 25, „ 570 ., i, William Hannington, Watchmaker. A. Aug. 24, „ 571 ,, ,, Robert Gay, . Horse Shoer. Str. Aug. 26, „ 572 ,» >, Daniel Gibson, Hamr. A Aug. 25, „ 573 ,, *» James Lennox, » A. , • . Essays. 535. A wine filler. 536. A minute wheell and pinion. 537. A pair of brass candlesticks. 538. A pair of double-jointed edge hinges. 539. A pair of needle moulds. 540. A gold seal. 541. A welted saddle. 542. A fluted roller and small cut wheel. 543. A wheel and roller. 544. A crown wheel and pinion of a clock 545. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 546. A belt, 547. A welted saddle. 548. A black beam and a screw plate. 549. A two-handed drainer. 550. A hand hammer and broad hammer. 551. A belt, 552. A cotton miln spindle turned and furnished with a fly. 553. A raised covered tea kettle. 554. A cabinetmaker's brace and bitts. 555. An iron " rollar " and a water spindle and fly. 556. A leather belt. 557. A leather belt. 558. A " cappoose." 559. No Essay (Pendicle). 560. A surgeon's spatula. 561. A bolt. 562. A leather belt. 563. No Essay (Pendicle). 564. A cast of nails. 565. A crown wheel and pinion. 566. A coffee biggon and a stake dish. 567. A locket and a hair ring. 568. A small pan and a choppen decanter. 569. A hunting saddle. 570. A watch verge. 571. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 572. A pen knife and a razor. 573. A screw plate and tope. 300 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 574 Aug. 26, 1796, James Snodgrass, . . Hamr. A. Aug. 25, 1796. 575 fi ,, Robert Beith, A. Aug. 19, „ 576 Sept. 22, Edwards Alder, ,, A. Aug. 11, „ 577 July 28* 1797, James Ure, Baker. S.L. Sept. 6, 1763. 578 Aug. 25, ,, Win. Warden, Str. Aug. 25, 1797. 579 »» yy Daniel M'Donald, A. Aug. 21, „ 580 »» »» Norman Kerr, Str. Aug. 24, „ 581 »» John Leeohman, White Iron Smith. S. 582 Mar. 5, 1798. Alexander Law, Hamr. S. Feb.' 26, 1798. 583 Aug. 31, „ Francis Hurray, Merchant. Str. Feb. 6, 1790. 584 „ David Smith, S. Aug. 31, 1798. 585 »» James M'Vicar, White Iron Smith. Str. Aug. 28, „ 586 ,, 99 Ronald M'Donald, Saddler. Str. Aug. 31, „ 587 ,, >> William Paterson, Smith. S. Aug. 30, „ 588 . Richd. M'Lean, Silversmith and Jeweller. A. Aug. 27, „ 589 ,, „ Win. Rae, Blacksmith and Engineer. Str. Aug. 31, „ 590 „ »» Hugh M'Dugal, White Iron Smith. A. Aug. 16, „ 591 . ,, Andrew Graham, Brassfounder. A. Aug. 30, „ 592 ., - Andrew Oichton, Blacksmith. S. »» 593 ,, *» Win. Mitchell, Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 31, „ 594 »! >» ffm. Cameron, Smith. A. Aug. 30, „ 595 Nov. 30, „ Rob. Somerville, Clock and Watchmaker. A. Nov. 30, „ 590 Feb. 26, 1799, Nicol Baird, . Engineer. Str. Feb. 25, 1799. 597 June 14, „ Walter Stewart, Coalmaster at Lightburn. Str. Mar. 8, „ 598 Aug. 30, „ Thomas Williamson Frame Smith. Aug. 30, „ 599 ,, Robert Baird, Merchant. 600 ,, ,, Hugh Baird, . ,, , ,, 601 , Alexander Wilson, Hamr. ,, 602 . ff Thomas Steel, Brassfounder. 603 »> William Stewart, Smith. Mar. 8, .. 6114 Dec. 27, .. Robert Napier, Str. Dec. 27, „ 605 Aug. 29, 1800, John M'Farl.me, Coach, etc., Maker. St r. Aug. 29, 1800. 606 „ ,, John Napier, . Iron Founder. S. 607 ,, J? James Sym, . Mathematical Inst. Maker. Str. July 26, 1792. 60S ,, ,, Walter Macadam, Clock and Watchmaker. A. Aug. 28, 1800. 609 ,, ,, < [eorge Easton, Silversmith. A. Aug. 26, „ 610 ,, Win. Robertson, Jr Smith. Str. Aug. 28, „ 611 . James Brown, Smith. Str. Aug. 26, „ 612 John Fulton, . Anchor Smith. S. » 613 ,, „ Alexander Fulton, Smith and Iron Founder. S. Essays. 574. A drainer and a sauce pan. 594 575. A block tin coffee pot. 595 576. A room door lock. 596 577. No Essay (Pendicle). 597 578. A side saddle. 598 579. A brander. 599 5SO. A raised covered copper tea kettle. 600 581. A white iron coffee pot. 601 582. A surgeon's spatula. 602 583. A leather belt. 603 584. A printfield gouge. 604 585. A white iron coffee pot. 605 586. A belted saddle. 606 587. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 607 588. A silver wine funnel. 608 589. A hand or board hammer. 609 590. A white iron coffee pot. 610 591. A pair of brass candlesticks. 611 592. A scale beam. 612 593. A screw uail. 613 A board hammer. A watch cocke screw. No Essay. No Essay. A collar screw. A east of nails. A leather belt. A box ring. A pair of brass candlesticks. A horse shoe and nail. No Essay (Pendicle). A leather belt. A east of nails. A screw nail and a nut. A pair of watch hands. A pair of silver salts. A cast of nails. A hand hammer. A hand hammer. A cast-iron wheel. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 301 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of liurgess Ticket. 614 Aug. 29, 1800, Wm. Halbert, Clock and Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 26, 1800. 615 J» »» John Graham, Jeweller. Str. Aug. 19, „ 616 Aug. 28, 1801, Wm. Logan, . Hamr. Aug. 27, 1801. 617 J1 »» Wm. Stewart, Smith and Ferrier. >» »» 618 »» J) James Neilson, Merchant. Aug. 28, „ 619 )> ») William Dunn, Machine Maker. Aug. 27, „ 620 ,, iy James Turnbull, Silversmith. Aug. 28, „ 621 >» >> John M'Intyre, Smith. Aug. 26, „ 622 >» „ James Graham, S. Aug. 28, „ 623 )J »» John Smith, . A. 624 Wm. Augustus Norrie, Cutler and Surgeon's Inst. Maker. >» >» 625 »» »» James M' Arthur, Saddler. »» »> 626 J» »> Thomas Bowman, . A.' Aug. 27, „ 627 John Adam, . S.L. Aug. 24, „ 628 ,, . Robert Carse, . A. Aug. 28, „ 629 »» JJ John Johnston, Coach and Harness Maker. J> >» 630 Robert Watson, Saddler. A.' >% 9$ 631 J. » Daniel Aitkenhead, Wright. A. Oct. 18, 1786. 632 »» »» John Thorburn, Coach and Harness Maker. Aug. 28, 1801. 633 >> »> Ebenezer Robertson, Watch and Clock Maker. A. Oct. 12, 1786. 634 Sept. 17, „ Wm. Lawson, Hardware Merchant. S.L. June 2, 1796. 635 Aug. 11, 1802, Wm. Mirrlees, Jr., . Hamr. S. 636 Aug. 27, „ John Dobbie, Watch and Clock Maker. Str. Aug. 26, 1802. 637 »> David Liddell, Saddler. Str. »» »» 638 »» >» John Muir, Tinsmith. Str. Aug. 25, „ 639 John Murdoch Robertson, Merchant. Sir. >» t» 640 ,, John Wright, Weaver. Str. Aug. 26, 1800. 641 James Bisset, Hamr. Str. Aug. 27, 1802. 642 »» »» Geo. Anderson Muirhead Merchant. S. J» >» 643 >» »» Wm. Russell, Watch Maker. Aug. 24 „ 644 j» »> Wm. Gray, Merchant, S. Aug. 26, „ 645 >» »» Robert Robertson, . Watch and Clock Maker. S. Aug. 27, „ 646 Robert M'Farlane, . (Admitted, 1773). 647 Sept," 16 ,) Wm. Scott, . S.L. April 8, 1795. 648 Mar. 4, 1803, John Miller, . Hamr. A. Mar. 4, 1803. 649 Aug. 26 „ John Cowie, . Smith. Str. 650 651-1 Alexander Philip, . Watch and Clock Maker. Str. Aug. 26, „ 651-2 | James Finlayson, . Machine Maker, Str. >» »» Ess )AYS. 614. A verge. 633. A screw nail. 615. A pair of piercers. 634. No Essay (?). 616. The centre wheel a nd pinion of a watch. 635. A belt. 617. A horse shoe and f lot of nails. 630. A pin wheel pinion 0: a cloi k. 618. A cast of nails. 637. A hunting saddle. 619. A screw and a nut. 638. A drainer aud a tin ca Llendei 620. A wine funnel. 639. A cast of nails. 621. A hand hammer. 640. A leather belt. 622. A razor and a pen inife. 641. A leather belt. 623. A drainer. 642. A plain hunting sadd e. 624. A pen knife. 643. A watch cylinder. 625. A hunting home sa ddle. 044. A plain gold ring. 626. A pipe rimmed loc £ and key. 645. A clock wheel and pii lion. 627. A clock wheel and pinion. i>46. An iron square. 628. A block tin coffee ] Kit. 647. No Essay. 629. A cross breast belt 648. A surgeon's spatula. 630. A hunting saddle. 649. A hammer. 631. A coffee biggin. 651-1. A natch verge. 632. A buckle and belt. 651-2. A fire chizel. 302 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Villi: Occupation, Class. Burgess Ticket. 652 Aug. 26, 1803, James Dawson, Brassfounder. S. Aug. 25, 1803. 653 »> »» John Philips, Merchant. Str. Dec. 30, 1800. 654 t» »» Edward Brown, Tinsmith. A. Aug. 20, 1803. 655 *» ft George Bell. . Tinsmith. S. »» »> 656 James Miller, Tinsmith. A. Aug. 24, „ 657 Walter Corbitt, Smith. S. »» t* 658 ff it James Lennox, Saddler. Sir. Aug. 21, „ 659 t» »» John Thomas, Coach and Harness Maker. Str. Aug. 20, „ 660 Jan. 19, 1804, George Rutherfurd,. Merchant. 661 Aug. 30, „ Daniel Mellis, Tailor. S.L. Sept. 19, 1798. 662 Aug. 31, ., James Martin, Wright. Str. Sept. 20, 1786. 663 *» •» Andrew BurreU, Hamr. Str. Aug. 21, 1804. 664 William Dobbie, »» S. Aug. 31, „ 665 »» Robert Mackay, Wright. Str. Dec. 29, 1794. 666 ii .. Robert Crichton, Hamr. Str. Aug. 31, 1804. 667 William Craig, ,, S. Aug. 26, 1802. 068 .. John Smith, . ,, Str. Aug. 29, 1804. 669 ., James Walker, >» Str. Aug. 31, „ 670 Sept 20, „ John Edington, S. 671 »» »» Thos. Edington, S. 672 Aug. 31, 1805, David Reid, . Clockmaker. Str. Aug. 29, 1805. 673 William Brvdon, Coach and Harness Maker. Str. Aug. 30, „ 674 •5 ••• William Scott, Saddler. A. Aug. 29, „ 675 .) John Cram, Str. June 25, „ 676 •5 Robert Turner, Pewterer. A. Aug. 29, „ 677 1» *» George Munro, Tinsmith. A. July 28, .. 678 <» '» John Scott, Smith. Str. Aug. 30, „ 679 David Sinclair, Hamr. Str. Aug. 15, ,, 680 '» >» James Brown Adshead, . Jeweller. S. J» ft 681 Sept. 19, „ John M'Phail, Merchant. S.L. Sept. 19, „ 682 Aug. 29, 1806, William Cowan, Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 29, 1800. 683 ., Charles Brown, Saddle-tree Rivetter. Str. J» »» 684 ,, ,, Duncan Turner, Coppersmith. Str. April 17, ., 685 •. •» Robert Fisher, Smith. Str. Aug. 29, „ 686 .. Walter Gray, Silversmith. A. », », 687 .. John Thomson, Tinsmith. A. », ,, 688 ., ,, John M' Arthur, Coppersmith. A. Mar. 1, „ 689 «, .. John Smith, . Watchmaker. S. Aug. 28, „ 69(1 >> >> John M'Kinnon Wardrop, Tinsmith. s. Aug. 26, „ 652. A brass lock. 053. Three cast of nails. 654. A dish cover. 655. A coffee pot. 650. A tea kettle. 057. A beam. 658. A hem strap, 659. A cheque brace. 660. A leather belt. 661. No Essay. 662. A cast of nails. 663. A gold seal. 664. A third wheel and pinion. 605. A screw bolt. 660. A leather belt and buckle. 607. A leather belt and buckle. 668. A table hammer. 009. A oast of nails. 670. A east of nails. 671. A cast of nails. Essays. 072. A clock screw. 073. A screw bolt. 074. A hunting saddle. 675. A bridle. 676. A pewter dividing spoon. 077. A strainer. 078. A screw bolt. 679. A hand hammer. 680. A gold ring. 681. No Essay. 682. A watch verge. 683. A saddle-tree. 684. A tea kettle. 685. A small beam. 686. A plain gold ring. 687. A drainer. 6S8. A copper tea kettle. 689. A watch verge. 690. A tin tea kettle. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 303 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 691 Aug. 29, 1806, Henry Wardrop, Jr., Coppersmith. S. Aug. 26, 1806. 692 »» >» Robert Reid, . . Watchmaker. s. Aug. 22, „ 693 •> »» James Liddell, Jr., . Smith. s. Aug. 28, „ 694 *» t» Alexander M'Lean, Smith and Farrier. Str. Aug. 29, „ 695 »f •» Thomas Adshead, Jeweller. S. 696 James Law, Jr., Tinsmith. S. Sept." 14, 1803. 697 » »» Alexander Nisbet, Grocer and Spirit Dealer. Str. Aug. 27, 1806. 698 „ John Cowan, . Merchant. S.L. Aug. 29, „ 699 Sept. 18, ., Alexander Nisbet, Saddler. S. Sept. 17, „ 700 Peter Grosart, . j Shoemaker. S.L. Sept. 14, 1802. 701 Thomas Yuille, i Merchant. S. Aug. 26, „ 702 Robert Ranken, Weaver. S.L. Jan. 30, 1794. 703 Nov. 28, „ John Hosie, . Tinsmith. S. Nov. 27, 1806. 704 Aug. 28, 1807, James Stewart, Vintner. Str. Aug. 25, 1807. 705 -» »» John Stewart, Merchant. Str. Aug. 27, „ 706 Wm. Thomson, Smith. Str. Aug. 26, , 707 •» »» Gabriel Ewing, Blacksmith. S. Aug. 24, , 708 T» »* Robert Crichton, Smith. S. Aug. 27, 709 James Finlayson, Goldsmith. Str. Aug. 18, , 710 „ „ William Dunipace, Tinsmith. »» t 711 »J »» Archibald Sinclair, Farrier. Str. Aug. 27, 712 »» "■» Alexander Walker, Smith. Str. Aug. 28, , 713 Sept. 17, „ James Marshall, . , A. Sept. 17, 714 John Gardner, Hamr. A. 715 5» »» Basil Ronald, S.L. May i3, 1779. 716 Charles Walker, Str. 717 Nov. 1U, „ Robert Napier, Smith, Inverary. S. Nov. io, 1807. 718 »j »-■ James Napier, Smith, Dumbarton. S. »» »» 719 July 27, 1808, George Lumsden, Merchant. S. April 12, 1808. 720 Aug. 26, „ James Heriot, Smith. Str. July 7, „ 721 J» )» Robert Imrie, j Smith. Str. May 12, , 722 >» JJ Duncan M'C'allum, Smith. Str. 1 June 20, , 723 )» »» John Dunn, . l Coachmaker. . . Aug. 26, , 724 »» »» John Neilson,. Smith and Engine Maker. Str. 725 »1 »> John Scott, . Smith. Str. May 11, , 726 Sept. 15, „ Peter Aitken, Jeweller. A. Sept. 16, 1801. 727 Nov. 23, „ James Newlands, Str. 728 Aug. 24, 1809, I Andrew Gilmour, Merchant. S. Aug. 17, 1809. 729 Aug. 25, „ Robert Thallow, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 22, „ 730 »> >» John Smith, . Cutler. Str. Aug. 24, „ Essays. 691. 692. 693. 694. 695. 696. 697. 698. 699. 700. 701. 702. 703. 704. 705. 706. 707. 708. 709. 710. A pair of copper scales. A watch verge. A small beam. A horse shoe and foot of nails. A plain gold ring. A water cheese toaster. A leather belt. No Essay. A leather belt. A tin jug. A pair of silver piercers. A leather strap. A steel tip. A hand vice. A small beam. A tureen spoon. A tin lamp. 711. A horse shoe and nails. 712. A horse shoe. 713. 1 714. A cast of nails. 715. A leather belt. 716. A leather belt. 717. No Essay (Pendicle). 718. No Essay (Pendicle). 719. A leather belt. 720. A hand vice. 721. A table hammer. 722. A hammer. 723. A leather belt. 724. A screw bolt. 725. A horse shoo and foot of nails. 726. A gold " broach." 727. A gold ring. 728. A leather belt. 729. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 730. A razor. 304 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. (To. Date of Entry. Vilm Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 731 Aug. 24, 1809, Neil Mac Neil, Nil. ill,. Str. Aug. 22, 1809. 732 » >» John Kerr, Saddler. Str. Aug. 23, >» 733 » ,, David Hill, . Smith. S.L. Aug. 25, ») 734 , ,, Andrew M'Lelland, Coach ami Harness Maker. Str. )» 735 » »i David M' In tosh, h »> St r. )) 730 » " Robert Crookshanks Smith. Str. Aug. 23, 99 737 » »> Jnli.i Hawkins, >i Str. ii 738 » >» Alexander Barker, ii Str. 739 * »» 1 'ill nil, Watchmaker. Str. 740 » >» John Gibson, ,, Str. 741 Sept. 12, .. Mathew Dunn. Hamr. Si i. Sept. 12, yy 742 Sept. 28, .. John M'Cash, Merchant. s. May 12, J 80S. 743 June 6, 1810, William Walker, la rdener. s. Mar. 10, 1797. 744 Aug. 31, „ Philip Gricrson, Jeweller. Str. July 5, 1810. 745 » >» James Learn. outh, Saddler. Str. Aug. 31, 74G » »» William Taylor, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 29, 747 » »» Robert Irvine, Smith. Str. Aug. 21, 748 , . John M'Yicar, Tinsmith. Str. Aug. 31, 749 » J* Samuel Whelar, Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 30, 750 , » «» Thomas Elder, Locksmith. A. Aug. 28, 751 , . Arehd. Cochrane, Jeweller. A. Aug. 31, 752 ) ,, Thomas Cochrane, Clock and \\ atchmaker. A. Aug. 30, 753 , ,, Alexander Wood, Smith. Str. » 754 » •• William Wotherstoi M A. Aug. 29, 755 » *» William Wright, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 7, 756 j y, John M'Gregor, ,, Str. Aug. 20, 757 * •> James Rae, ii S.L. Aug. 28, 758 » »» Thomas Chalmers, Smith. Str. Aug. 31, 759 , William Renton, M Str. 760 » yy John Neilson, Clock and Watchmaker. A. Aug. 28, 761 » »» James Watts, Smith. Str. Aug. 31, 762 Sept. 14, „ John Roberton, ,, Str. Sept. 10, 763 j yy John Jamieson Crai J» 779 Sept. 17, „ Andrew Fleming, s. Sept. 7, „ 800 Nov. 29, „ Robertson Buchanan, Engineer. Str. June 9, 1910. 801 „ »» James Edington, Merchant. s. 802 „ >» Thomas (James ') Edington,. Ironfounder. Str. July 16, 1800. 803 Feb. 21, 1812, Benjamin Gow, Tailor. S.I.. X.v. 16, 1789. 804 July 31, „ John Mann, . Goldsmith. Str. 805 Aug. 28, „ James Downie, Silversmith. S. Aug. 27, 1812. 800 »» ,, Donald Brodie, Brassfounder. A. Aug. 15, „ 807 »» ,, William Purcell, ,, Str. Aug. 27, „ 808 n ,1 Robert M'C'allum, . ,, Str. „ „ 809 ,, George Purcell, Str. ,, ,, 810 ,, ., Thomas M'Culloch, Smith. Str. ,, ,, 811 M James Mann, ( ; tinsmith. S. ,» ,, 812 »» M Robert Leechman, . Blacksmith. s. ,, ,, 813 Thomas Finlaysou, Jeweller. Str. ,, ,, 814 n Robert Gibson, Blacksmith. Str. 815 n Robert Muir, . Tinsmith. Str. 816 Sept. 17, „ James Gardner, Merchant. S.L. Sept. 17, „ 817 Nov. 20, „ John Pearson, Wright. Str. Mar. 29, 1897. 818 Nov. 27, „ Torquil Dallas, Hamr. S. Nov. 27, 1812. 819 William Pearson, Writer. S. Nov. 26, „ 820 Aug. 26, 1813, John Smith, . \\ arehouseman. S.L. Aug. 26, 1813. 821 Donald M'Pherson, Vintner. June 25, „ 822 Aug. 27, „ Archibald M'Lellan, ( Viachniaker. S. Aug. 26, „ 823 17 James Maxwell, Hamr. s. ,, „ 824 »» ,, Angus M'Kinlay, Blacksmith, Hutcheson- town. Blacksmith. Str. 825 James Stewart, S. Aug. 20, „ 82G »» M Walter Inglis, Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 26, 1814. 827 John Ritchie, Coppersmith. Str. Aug. 25, 1813. 828 ■> ,, Alexander Wotherspoon, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 26, „ Essays. 771. No Essay (Pendicle). 772. A pair of broad hammers. 773. A watch verge. 774. A pair of brass candlesticks. 775. A snuff box mounted with silver. 776. A small hammer. 777. A cast of nails. 778. A gold seal. 800. A screw bolt and nut. 801. A cast of nails. 802. A cast of nails. 803. No Essay (Pendicle). 804. No Essay (Pendicle). 805. A silver punch spoon. 806. A pair of brass candlesticks. 807. A table bell. 808. A cork screw. 809. A table castor. 810. A caBt of nails. 811. 812. 813. 814. 815. 816. SIT. 818. 819. 820. 821. 822. 823. 824. 825. 826. 827. Si's. A main spring of a gun lock. A screw bolt and nut. A gold seal. A horse shoe and foot of nails. A tinplate teapot. No Essay (Pendicle). No Essay (Pendicle). A sauce pan. A cast of nails. No Essay (Pendicle). No Essay (Pendicle). A screw bolt and nut. A copper pot. A board hammer. A horse shoe and foot of naila A bolt for a watch. A tea kettle of copper. A hand hammer. 3°6 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. NL".I Aug. 27, 1813, Robert Duncan, Merchant Goldsmith and Jeweller. Str. Aug. 26, 1813. 830 ?r »» John Anderson, Blacksmith. A. Aug. 25, „ 831 J) »» Ja mrs Wise, . Flesher (Pewterer). A. Dec. 29, 1800. 832 Sept. 16, „ James Wothers] a, Merchant. S.L. Sept. 15, 1813. 833 Nov. 25, „ John Speu --, . S.L. June 5, 1798. 834 Au ? . 12, 1814, rol 'i 1 'alder, junioi . Watchmaker. S. Aug. 11, 1814. 835 Aug. 20, „ \\ illiam Steven, Brassfounder. A. 836 »» If David Napier, Smith and Founder. S. May 13, 1813. 837 Duncan Turner, Tinsmith. s. Aug. 26, 1814. 838 John Keid, Watch and Clock Maker. s. Aug. 25, „ 83!) •» John Bannatyne, . Tinsmith. A. Aug. 22, „ 840 -j John Macalpine, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 26, ,. 841 ft James Bennet, Brassfounder. Str. Aug. 25, ,. 842 » Richard Curtis, Brassfr., Silver Plater, and Trumpet Maker. Str. Aug. 26, „ 843-1 »» '» John Paterson, Hinge Maker. S. Aug. 23, „ 843-2 Robert Napier, Smith and Founder. S. 844 Sept. 15, „ William Paterson, . Blacksmith. Str. Sept. 15, „ 845 April 21, 1816, Campbell Chrystie (Christie), . Tinsmith. A. Mar. 9, 1815. 846 June 20, „ Archibald M'Whannell, . „ A. June 6, „ 847 Aug. 25, „ Malcolm M'Callum, Shoemaker. Str. 848 Francis Clark, Hammerman. S. Aug. 24, „ 849 .. Donald M'Callum, . Jeweller and Goldsmith. Str. » 850 Alexr. Tolmie, Brassfounder. Str. Aug. 25, "„ 851 Peter M'Nab, Smith. Str. 852 .. John Bruce, . Working Jeweller and Lapidary. A. 9 tt 853 .. ,, John Bulloch, Merchant. S.L. Aug. 20, 1801. 854 James Watson, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 25, 1815. 855 William M'Lay, ,, Str. 856 .. Andrew Rowand, . Smith and Farrier. Str. June 4, 1823. 857 John Graham, Saddler. Str. Aug. 24, 1815. 858 ,, .. William Higgins, Merchant. Str. Aug. 25, „ 859 .. ,, Robert Napier, Smith. S. Aug. 21, „ 860 .. William Morrison, . Saddler. Str. Aug. 24, „ 861 John Munro, . »> Str. » 862 Peter Peddie, Portmanteau Manul'r. Str. Aug. 23, „ 863 Sept!' 21, „ Patrick Auld, Merchant. S.L. 864 Aug. 30, 1816, William I'M', . s> Str. Aug 3i, „ Essays. 829. A plain gold ring. 830. A board hammer. 831. A pewter table spoon. 832. No Essay (Pendicle). 833. No Essay (Pendicle). 834. A watch cylinder. 835. A pair of brass candlesticks. 836. A screw bolt and nut. 837. A patent lamp (one burner). 838. A watch verge. 839. An egg caster. 840. A hand hammer. 841. A pair of brass candlesticks. 842. A concert trumpet. 843-1. A pair of screw hinges. 843-2. A screw bolt and nut. 844. A board hammer. 845. A sauce pan. 846. A small tin bassan. 847. A plain gold ring. 848. A screw bolt and nut. 849. An ear piercer. 850. A pair of table fasteners. 851. A board hammer. 852. A split gold ring. 853. A brass name plate. 854. A swan-necked beam. 855. A horse shoe and nails. 856. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 857. A strap and buckle. 858. A brass name plate. 859. A board hammer. 860. A gentleman's hunting saddle. 861. A gentleman's hunting saddle. 862. A belt and buckle. 863. A sauce pan. 864. A brass square. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 307 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Bargees Ticket. 865 Aug. 13, 1816, Robert Smith, Watchmaker. S. Aug. 12, 1816. 866 s> David Scouler, Pewterer. A. Aug. 24, „ 867 , William Galbraith, . Tinplate Worker. S. Aug. 30, .. 868 , ,, William Logan, »» s. Aug. 18, „ 869 , ,. John Ferguson, Tinsmith. A. Aug. 25, „ 870 » John Forrest, »» A. »> »» 871 » George Downie, S. May 4, 1802 872 » Luke Frazer Newlands, . Goldsmith. Str. 873 Sept. 4, ',', Robert Mitchell, Blacksmith. SI , . July 30, 1828. 874 » James Pollock, Saddler. Str. 875 James Ferrier, Smith and Farrier. s. 876 Sept. 17, !! James Scrymgeour, Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 13, 1816. 877 , „ Robert Thomson, . Pewterer. Str. Aug. 27, 1818. 878 James Adam, Smith. Str. 879 Sept 19, „ William M'Lea, t^ 880 Dec. 5, „ Allan Gilmour, Flesher. S.L. Sept. 14, 1803. 881 > »» James Gardner, Skinner. Str. Sept. 15, 1807. 882 Aug. 29, 1817. Walter Crichton, Smith. S. Aug. 29, 1817. 883 Andrew Liddell, „ Str. Aug. 28, „ 884 T> Nathaniel Morrison, Saddler. Str. Nov. 14, 1828. 885 . „ Henry Creighton, . Engineer. Str. June 13, 1817. 886 , „ Hugh M'Donald, . Tinsmith. A. Aug. 5, „ 887 »1 ,, James Lennox, Smith. S. Aug. 29, „ 888 ,, Archd. Sinclair, S. Aug. 28, ,. 889 David Nisbet, J» S.L. July 31, 1813. 890 » James Muirhead, Watchmaker. A. Aug. 29, 1817. 891 Sept. 18, „ John Rankin Gardner, Merchant. S. Sept. 8, „ 892 , David Law, . , . S. Sept. 18, „ 893 J) James Galbraith, . , s. Sept. 16, ,. 894 »1 Alexander Fullarton, S.L. 895 .. John Logan, . s. Aug. 24, 1814. 896 Jan. 30, 1816, David Caldwell, Of the Eagle Inn. Str. April 8, 1808. 897-1 Aug. 27, „ George Forsyth, Writer. Str. Aug. 26, 1818. 897-2 Oct. 28, 1817, John Murdoch, Oct. 17, 1817. 897-3 ») »> William Murdoch, . , »» 898 Aug. 28, 1818, James M'Adam, Tinplate Worker. Str. Mar. 30, 1818. 899 Alexander Bilsland, Japanner. Str. May 13, 1817. 900 John Buchanan, Jeweller. A. Aug. 28, 1818. 901 »1 ,» Henry Field, . Tinsmith. A. Aug. 26, „ 902 ) >» William Steel, Clock and Watchmaker. S. Aug. 27, „ Essays. 865. The verge of a watch. 866. A dividing spoon. 867. A block tin tea kettle. 868. A tin jug. 869. A block tin tea pot. 870. A block tin bellied jug. 871. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 872. A plain gold ring. 873. A beard hammer. 874. A snaffle bridle. 875. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 876. A balance spring. 877. A table spoon. 878. A small weighing beam. 879. No Essay. 880. No Essav (Pendicle). 881. No Essay (Pendicle). 882. A small beam. 883. A screw bolt and nut. 884. A horse bridle. 885. A screw bolt and nut. 886. A bellied tin jug. 887. A pair of screw dies. 888. A horse shoe and set of nails. 889. A cast of nails. 890. A balance spring. 891. No Essay (Pendicle). 892. A surgeon's spatula. 893. A tin jug. 894. A 6mall sauce pan. 895. A shaving pot. 896. A sauce pan. 897-1. A surgeon's spatula. 897-2. No Essay (Pendicle). 897-3. No Essay (Pendicle). 898. A block tin bellied jug. 899. A surgeon's spatula. 900. A plain gold ring. 901. A block tin bellied jug. 902. A watch centre pinion. 308 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Vuu Occupation. i Li., Burgess Ticket. 903 Aug. 28, L818, Charles Gourlie, Gunsmith. Str. Aug. 6, 1818. 904 Jl ., Alexander Ken-, Tinsmith. s. Aug. 24, „ 906 ?» Samuel Collier, Blacksmit li. Str. July 13, 1824. 906 - , Robert M'Lean, Gunmaker. Str. 907 ,, „ Ogilvie Heggie, Brassfounder. Str. Aug. 22, 1818. 008 >» ,, William M'Alpine, . llami. S. Aug. 28, „ 909 Nov. 20, „ John Cuthbertson, . Maltman. s. Mar. 17, 1774. 910 No\ . 27. ., Wu). Cuthbertson, . Ironmonger. s. May 1, 1817. 911 June 18, 1819, I leoi ge Lyon, Junr., Tinsmith. s. Aug. 31, 1815. 912 ,i „ William Lyon, ,, S.L. June 18, 1819. 913 Aug. 27, „ James Jackson, A. Aug. 25, „ 014 ,, ,, John Wilson, Junr., Wire Worker. Str. Aug. 26, .. 915 James Robison (Robertson) 1 urn Merchant. A. April 17, 1817. 916 ») » John Dougal, Fish-hook Maker. st r. April 12, 180S. 917 ,, ., William Aird, Junr., Saddler. S. Aug. 27, 1819. 01 s »» George Innes, i roldsmith. A. j It 010 , Robert Watt, Smith. Str. J» 919£ John Coventry, Pewtercr. Str. 920 Jan. 10, 1820. Samuel Neil, . Blacksmith. Sir. Jan. 10, 1820. 921 Aug. 25, „ David Bell, . Bellows Pipe Maker and Brassfounder. Sir. Feb. 8, 1830. 922 James Bowman, Smith. S. 923 5J Andrew Debbie, Watch and Clock Maker. A. 924 5> John Buchanan, Blacksmith. Str. 025 , . George Fyfe, . Tinplatc Worker. Str. J uly 30, 1828. 926 »> John Cross, . A. 027 Oct. 10, „ Richard Kidston, Merchant. S.L. Oct. ti, 1808. 028 Nov. 24, „ William M'Kendriek, S. Oct. 3, 1820. 929 April 27, 1821, Lachlane Lumsden, Writer. s. 030 John Yuill, Maltman. S.L. 931 June 5, ',', John Tod, Beam Maker. Str. 932 Aug. 31, „ Thomas Beggs, Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 30, 1821. 933 „ „ James Napier, Blacksmith. S. Aug. 27. .. 934 ,, Richard Ferguson, . Tinsmith. Str. Aug. 31, „ 03.5 »» »» Hugh Moncricff, Writer. Str. Ja. . 21, 1828. 930 William Ferguson, . BlacksM ith. Str. Aug. 31, 182!. 937 „ ,, Duncan M'lntyre, . .. A. 938 ,, ,, Henry Ingram, Saddle-tree Maker. Str. 939 ,, ., George Young, Edge Tool .Maker. S. Aug. 30, 182? s 940 „ „ .lames Young, .. S. 903. A gear spring. 904. A choppin jug. 905. A board hammer. 906. A screw nail for a lock. 007. A beer cock. ons. A rivetted iron ring. 909. No Essay (Pendicle). 910. A cast of nails. Oil. A ten inch dish cover. 912. A tin jug. 913. A block tin tea put. 914. A cast of nails. 915. A board hammer. 916. A small steel opener. 017. A hunting saddle. 918. A plain gold ring. 919. A cast of nails. 919}. A divider. 920. A screw bolt and nut. 921. A brass bellows pipe. Essays. 922. A screw bolt and nut. 923. A verge. 924. A hand hammer. 025. A block tin tea kettle. 926. A tin basin. 027. No Essay (Pendicle). '028. A sauce pan. 020. No Essay (Pendicle). 930. No Essay (Pendicle). 931. A beam. 032. A clock hammer. 933. A screw bolt. 934. A tin jug. 935. A tin pen. 936. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 937. A board hammer. 938. A pair of coach hames. 939. A screw top. 940. A pair of eyes and hooks. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 309 Date of No. Date of Eutry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 941 Aug. 30, 1822, Edward Kerr, Coppersmith. A. Aug. 30, 1822. 942 tt tt Patrick Fleming, Smith in Paisley. Str. Aug. 27, „ 943 tt tt Charles Brown, Smith and Ironmonger. Str. Aug. 23, „ 944 tt tf John Brown, . >» >> Str. Aug. 28, „ 945 it tt Alexr. Wilson, Hamr. S.L. Aug. 30, „ 946 tt tt Alexr. Mitchell, Watchmaker and Silver- smith. Minister of the Parish of St. S. 947 tt »» Revd. John Muir, . S.L, James'. 948 »> tt Peter Fleming, Ironmonger and Hamr. S. Aug. 30, „ 949 J> tt James Gow, Jurr., . Tailor. Aug. 24, 1814. 950 tt tt Edward M'Crone, . Surveyor of the Gas Light Company. s.L 951 tt tt David Crichton, Watchmaker. Str. 952 tt tt John Aitken, . Silversmith. A. Mar. 9, 1824. 963 John Ferguson, M A. 954 tt »» William Martin, Smith and Ironmonger. S. Sept, 3, 1822. 955 1» »» James Martin, »» »» S. tt »f 956 tt it Da^id Forsyth, Smith and Farrier. A. Oct. 24, 1823. 957 »» tt Robert Corbet, Clock and Watchmaker. A. Aug. 28, 1824. 958 tt *t Archd. Nisbet Burns Smith and Ironmonger. Str. Feb. 13, 1823. 959 tt tt James Middleton, . Jeweller. Str. Nov. 14, „ 960 tt tt Donald Rose, Hamr. Str. Aug. 28, 1822. 961 Sept. 18, „ William Walker, Merchant. S. 962 Sept. 26, „ William White, >» S.L. Sept. 17, „ 963 tt a James Moffat, Wright. S.L. Aug. 21, 1818. 964 »» >* Mathew Paterson, . Mason. S. Sept. 16, „ 965 Aug. 29, 1823, James Muirhead, Watch and Clock Maker. s. July 14, „ 966 >» >» John Innes, . Tinsmith. A. Aug. 28, 1873. 967 George Chalmers, . Brassfounder. Str. Aug. 18, „ 968 »» »» Daniel Christie, Smith. A. Aug. 27, „ 969 ,, ,, John Lockhart, Tinsmith. A. April 5, „ 970 ,, ,, Robert Fleming, Blacksmith. S. Aug. 28, „ 971 »» • > Francis Reid, Watchmaker. S. Aug. 26, „ 972 >> «» John Campbell, »» A. 973 >» >» James Gibson, Tinsmith. Str. 974 »» »> William Malcolm, . ;» Str. June 18, 1817. 975 »» »» John Todd, . Watchmaker. Str 976 »> ?» William Wilson, Plane Maker. Str. 977 »» »» James M'Lean, Smith Str. . . 978 »» »» George Watson, Saddler. Str. Essays. 941. A closet basin. 961. No Essay. 942. A screw bolt and nut. 962. A surgeon's spatula. 943. A screw bolt and nut. 963. A cast of nails. 944. A cast of nails. 964. A mason's puncheon. 945. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 965. A clock key. 946. A plain gold ring for the Deacon's wife. 966. A tin tea kettle. 947. A surgeon's spatula. 967. A brass candlestick. 948. A cast of nails. 968. A hand hammer. 950. A cast of nails. 969. A tin basin. 951. A verge. 970. A cast of nails. 952. A tea spoon. 971. A centre pinion. 953. A punch spoon. 972. A third wheel pinion. 954. A cast of nails. 973. A sauce pan. 955. A screw bolt and nut. 974. A sauce pan. 956. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 975. A verge watch. 957. A watch pinion. 976. A plane iron. 958. A screw bolt. 977. A horse shoe and foot of nails 959. A plain gold ring. 978. A bilgate and buckle. 960. A screw bolt and nut. :io THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupai Ion Class. Burg< ss Ticket. 979 Aug. 29, 1823, Thomaa Norris, Ironfounder. Str. 980 »» >» James Cook, . Engineer. Str. 981 Sept. 18, „ John Barclay, Merchant. Str. Sept. 25, 1804. 9X2 Nov. 28, „ Alexander Hislop, . \\ atchmaker. Str. 983 Dec. 20, „ Hugh 8teven, Brassfounder. S. Oct. 27, 1823. 984 Feb. 13, 1824, William M'Creddie, Jail Clerk. S.L. Feb. 9, 1824. 985 Aug. 19, „ ( leorge Ore, . Baker. Aug. 2, 179G. 986 Aug. 27, „ James Laird, . Tinsmith. A." Mar. 15, 1823. 987 »» »> James Go van, Mason, Str. Sept. 17, 1813. 989 >» >> William Forrest, Tinsmith. A. Aug. 16, 1824. 990 ,, .Lime, Downic, Smith. S. Aug. 26, „ 991 >f »> John MTnnes, Blacksmith. Str. Feb. 17, „ 992 ,, ,, George White, ; Watchmaker, Str. Aug. 27, „ 993 »» •> Thomas Durnan, Smith. A. 994 " " Angus M'Donald, Silversmith. Str. 995 James Browning, Saddler. A. June 26, 1827. 996 • > Robert Cross, Founder. Str. 997 Thomas Collier, Smith. S. 998 »» •) William Dixon, Smith and Founder. Str. 999 j» jy John Dixon, . » „ Str. 1000 Archibald Jaffray, Blacksmith. Str. 1001 Sept. 15, „ David Kelly, . Brassfounder. Str. Sept. li, 1824. 1002 Nov. 26, „ Robert Thomas, Coachmaker. A. Nov. 25, „ 1003 >) s» John Brodie, . Hammerman. S. 1004 Mar. 18, 1825, Angus M'Donald, Silversmith. Str. Feb. 22, 1825. 1005 May 6, „ Robert Murdoch, Smith. Str. Mar. 18, „ 1000 », ,, John M' Alpine, Tinsmith. Mar. 15, „ 1007 ,, ,, James Coates, | Brassfounder. S. 1008 Aug. 25, „ James Burrell, Goldsmith. s! Aug. 23, 1825. 1009 Aug. 26, William Scott, Blacksmith. Str. Oct. 8, 1824. 1010 ,» ., Dugald Forsyth, „ Str. Nov. 23, „ Kill ,, Alexander Stewart, Hamr. Str. Nov. 26, „ 1012 ,, ,, Alexander King, Wright. Str. April 18, 1799. 1013 ,, ., John Ritchie, Smith and Ironfounder. S.L. Jan. 28, 1825. 1014 John Jones, . Tinsmith. Str. ; )1 1015 ,, ,, James BelJ Simpson >» A. » *t 1016 „ •• David Murray, Coppersmith. Str. , »» 1017 .. John Brown Gourla y, Gunmaker. Str. May- 21, „ 1018 „ James Wylie, j Coppersmith. A. May 7, „ 1019 „ Robert Drummond, „ Str. . ft Essays. 979. A screw bolt. 980. A screw bolt. 981. A screw bolt and nut. 982. A pinion. 983. A pair of brass candlesticks 984. No Essay (Pendicle). 985. No Essay (Pendicle). 986. A block tin tea kettle. 987. A mason's puncheon iron. 989. A block tin tea pot. 990. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 991. A board hammer. 992. A verge. 993. A pair of pliers. 994. A watch case. 995. A stirrup leather. 996. A bevel wheel. 997. A board hammer. 998. A bevel wheel. 999. A screw bolt and nut. 1000. 1001. 1002. 1003. 1004. 1005. 1007. 1008. 1009. 1010. 1011. 1012. 1013. 1014. 1015. 1016. 1017. 1018. 1019. A horse shoe and foot of nails. An inch stopcock. A bolt and nut. A brass cock. A watch case. A screw bolt (1814). A brass candlestick. A plain gold ring. A board hammer. A brander. A carpenter's axe. A screw bolt and nut. A bevil wheel. A block tin tea kettle. A block tin tea kettle. A gallon measure. A gunlock. A copper gallon measure. A copper hall-gallon measure. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 3'i Date of No. Date of Eutry. Aug. 26, 1825, Name. Occupation. Class. Burg May bss Ticket. 1020 William Scadlock, . Coppersmith. A. 17, 1825. 1021 ,. >. Alexander Pollok Rob^rt^on, Tinplate Worker. A June •K »* 1022 William Taylor, Edge Tool Maker. A. June 3, „ 1023 John Shanks, Mason. Sir. April 23, 1817. 1024 William Leishman, Smith. S. July 8, 1825. 1025 James Leishman, . ,» S. >) »» 1026 Robert Gunn, Lock Maker. Str. July 9, „ 1027 William Lang, Junr., Brassfounder. S. Aug. 4, „ 1028 David Kerr, . Smith and Brassfounder. Str. Aug. 12, „ 1029 William Innes, Watch and Clock Maker. Str. !> »» 1030 Robert Kerr, . Coppersmith. Str. Aug. 16, „ 1031 David Welsh, Blacksmith. S.L. Aug. 22, „ 1032 William Drew, Tinsmith. S. Aug. 23, „ 1033 Peter Drew, . Pewterer. s. »» »» 1034 M », George Scott, Smith and Cart-wright. Str. Sept. 20, 1815. 1035 „ Thomas Baitie, Jeweller. Str. Oct. 15, 1824. 1030 Alexander M'Phersou, Brassfounder. Str. Ausr. 26, 1825. 1037 John M'Kell, . Silversmith. Str. Aug. 26, 1825. 1038 Alexander Lindsay, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 5, „ 1039 Nov. 25, „ Alexander Burton, . ,, S.L. Sept. 1, „ 1040 David Neill, . S. Sept. 22, „ 1041 John Welsh, . Watchmaker. S. Oct. 14, „ 1042 James Carmichael, . Mason. S.L. Aug. 29, 1817. 1043 " " Robert Aitken, S.L. Jan. 3, 1790. 1044 John Dawson, junr., Brassfounder. S. Nov. 21, 1825. 1045 May" 12, 1826, Robert Burns, Coachmaker. Str. Feb. 24, 1826. 1046 Aug. 25, „ James Fraser, Smith. Str. Oct. 20, 1825. 1047 John Aitchison, Saddler. Str. Mar. 4, 1826. 1048 „ Alexander Donaldson, ,» A. Mar. 3, „ 1049 ,» n William Spencer, Jeweller. S.L. April 21, 1817. 1050 Robert Imrie, Blacksmith. S. May 23, 1826. 1051 Alexander Bums, . Coachmaker. S. Mar. 9, „ 1052 Alexander Broom, . Mason. Str. June 17, 1806. 1053 Robert Steven, Saddler. A. July 21, 1826. 1054 „ Waltei Thorburn, . Coachmaker. S. Aug. 11, „ 1055 John Yool, Maltman. S.L. Nov. 7, 1815. 1056 >> '» Thomas Muir, Silversmith. A. Aug. 21, 1826. 1057 Nov. 29, „ John Dobbie, Watchmaker. S. June **» »» 1058 ,, ,, John Law, ,, Sir. Aug. 22, „ Essays. 1020. A copper tea kettle. 1021. A block tin tea kettle. 1022. A pair of tinsmith's hand scissors. 1023. A mason's puncheon. 1024. A board hammer. 1025. A board hammer. 1026. A ten inch iron Rind lock. 1027. A brass main stopcock. 1028. A board hammer. 1029. A watch verge. 1030. A gallon measure. 1031. A screw bolt and nut. 1032. A block tin coffee cup. 1033. A table spoon. 1034. A screw bolt and nut, 1035. A plain gold ring. 1036. An inch cock. 1037. A dessert spoon. 1038. A board hammer. 1039. A pair of gas pipe nippers. 1040. 1041. 1042. 1043. 1044. 1045. 1046. 1047. 1048. 1049. 1050. 1051. 1052. 1053. 1054. 1055. 1056. 1057. 1058. A board hammer. A verge. A mason's puncheon iron. A drove. A brass cock. A liame strap and buckle. A horse shoe. A l.i idle. A riding saddle. A plain gold ring. A board hammer. A screw bolt and nut. A mason's puncheon iron. A snaffle bridle. A screw bolt and nut. A cast of nails. A plain gold ring. A watch verge. A watch verge. 312 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Ess \is. 1059. A clock wheel. 1060. No Essay (Pendicle). 1061. A pen knife. 1062. A plain gold ring. 1063. A tea kettle. 1064. A coffee pot. 1065. A tea pot. L066. A board hammer. 1067. A hand hammer. 1068. A cooper's adze. 1069. A wright's hammer. 1070. A board hammer. 1071. A screw bolt and nut. 1072. A link for the Deacon's gold chain. 1073. A mason's puncheon. 1074. A ten-inch bolted rimmed lock. 1075. A screw bolt and nut. 1076. A mason's drove. 1077. A watch verge. 1078. A beam. 1079. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 1080. A mason's puncheon. 1081. A bolt and nut. 1082. A spur pinion. 1083. A strap and buckle. 1084. No Essay (Pendicle). 1085. No Essav (Pendicle). 1086. A block tin jug. 1087. A plain gold ring. 1088. A block tin teapot. 1089. A pair of brass candlesticks. 1090. A stuff cock. 1091. A belt and buckle. 1092. A bevil wheel. 1093. A board hammer. 1094. A plain gold ring. 1095. A board hammer. 1096. A screw bolt and nut. 1097. A blockytin sauce paD 1098. A board hammer. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 313 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1099 Aug. 29, 1828, Robert Guy, . Smith. S. July 4, 1828. 1100 >» 5) Andrew Drysdale, . Coppersmith. Str. June 6, „ 1101 »» )» John Sinclair, Blacksmith. A. Aug. 6, „ 1102 »» »» Peter Gray, . Saddler. Str. Aug. 21, „ 1103 Nov. 27, „ Andrew Rae, . Barber. May 8, 1800. 1104 May 11, 1829, James Wardrop, Saddler. Str. 1105 Aug. 27, „ Thrift Meldrum, . Ironmonger. S.L. Aug. 27, 1829. 1106 Aug. 28, „ John Thomson, Blacksmith. Str. Sept. 5, 1828. 1107 »» »♦ John Cree, Clock and Watchmaker. A. Feb. 27, 1829. 1108 ,, ,, Daniel Robertson, . Goldsmith and Jeweller. Str. 1109 „ ,, James Aitken, Smith and Founder. Str. April 3, ',', 1110 ,, „ Thomas Wingate, . ,, S.L. 1111 ,, „ Christopher Irvine, Blacksmith. S. 1112 ,, „ William Mills, Coppersmith. A. April 2, 1829. 1113 ,, „ Alexander Stewart, Blacksmith. Str. April 3, ,. 1114 ,, ,, Andrew Sim (Sym), »» S. n 1115 ,, ,, Thomas Barclay, ,, s. Mar. 10, 1116 ,, ,, Thomas Girwood Hardie, Smith and Joiner. Str. Aug. 27, 1117 it ,, Samuel Neil, . Tinsmith. S. 1118 Nov. 27, „ George Brown, Watchmaker in Airdrie. A. Sept. 9, 1119 *> >> William Stewart, Moulder and Blacksmith. Str. Oct. 11, 1120 n 31 Colin M'Andrew, Blacksmith. Str. Oct. 26, 1121 Feb. 9, 1830, Daniel M'Farlane, . Grocer. S.L. June 26, 1821. 1122 >» »» John Muir, Blacksmith. Str. May 16, 1828. 1123 Aug. 27, „ Robert Thomson, . Tinsmith. Str. Nov. 19, 1829. 1124 „ ., James Ferguson, A. Nov. 18, „ 1125 ,, „ Alexander Wood, junr., . Blacksmith. S. Dec. 7, „ 1120 >» »» Archibald Kerr, Hamr. S. Dec. IV, ,. 1127 »» ,, Andrew Russell, Tinsmith. A. Feb. 8, 1830. 1128 ,, „ Basil Lyon, „ S. Feb. 9, „ 1129 ,, „ George Brown, Watchmaker. S. Feb. 4, ,. 1130 „ „ John M'Callum, Blacksmith. s. Feb. 10, „ 1131 ,, „ David Mabon, Tinsmith. A. May 7, „ 1132 ,, ,, William Cook, Brassfounder. Str. 1133 ,, „ James Munn Kerr, . Tinsmith. S. June 17, ,. 1134 ,, „ William Cowan, Brassfounder. Str. June 22, „ 1135 »» j» William Brodie, S. Mar. 2, „ 1136 »» »» William M'Crone, . Tinsmith. A. July 2 1137 ,, ,, John Ross, Blacksmith. Str. June 17J ',', 1138 »» it John Wotherspoon, Watch and Clock Maker. S. July 1, „ Essays. 1099. A mason's drove. 1100. A half -gallon measure. 1101. An iron square. 1 102. A pair of stirrup leathers. 1103. No Essay (Pendicle). 1104. A snaffle bridle. 1105. No Essay (Pendicle). 1106. A board hammer. 1 107. A watch verge. 1108. A chased gold ring. 1109. A bevel wheel. 1110. A bevel wheel. 1111. A board hammer. 1112. A copper tea kettle. 1113. A board hammer. 1114. A handle for a block tin sauce pan. 1115. A screw bolt, nut and washer. 1116. A screw bolt and nut. 1117. A drainer of tin. 1118. A watch verge. 21 1119. A bevel wheel. 1120. A board hammer. 1121. No Essay. 1 122. A board hammer. 1123. A block tin teapot. 1124. A block tin tea kettle. 1125. A small polished beam. 1126. A sauce pan. 1127. A block tin tea kettle. 1128. A block tin tea kettle. 1129. A watch verge. 1130. A board hammer. 1131. A bellied jug. 1132. A brass name plate. 1133. A bellied jug. 1134. A gas pillar. 1135. A brass name plate. 1136. A bellied jug of block tin. 1137. A board hammer. 1138. A watch verge. 3*4 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry Name . Occupation. Blacksmith. Class. Burgess Ticket. 1139 Aug. 27, 1830, Thomas Chalmers, junr., s. July 30, 1830. 1140 »» »» Alexander Walker, junr.. „ S. July 20, „ 1141 ,» " Archibald Armstrong, Silversmith. Str. IVb. 2, „ 1142 Sept. 16, „ John Speirs, . Japanner. S. Sept. 13, „ 1143 .Sept. 17, „ Peter (iillies, . Blacksmith. Str. Mar. 2, „ 1144 Oct. 19, „ William Douglas, »» Str. June IV, „ 1145 Nov. 20, „ George Watson, senr., Hamr. Str. Oct. 19, „ 114ti July 1, 1831, David Sutherland, . Jeweller. A. May 26, 1831. 1147 Aug. 25, „ Andrew Carss, Tailor. S.L. Dec. 18, 1817. 1148 Aug. 26, „ Robert Watson, Blacksmith. S. Oct. 19, 1830. 1149 James Hunter, Shipbuilder. Str. July 10, 1828. 1150 »» J» Alexander More, Smith and Millwright. Str. Aug. G, „ 1151 John Smith, . Tinsmith. S. June 1, 1831. 1152 p> „ William Urie Paterson, . ,, A. May 31, „ 1153 »» William Adshead, . Jeweller. S. June 10, „ 1154 _ ,, Henry Downs, Goldsmith. A. Aug. 3, „ 1155 »» >» Thomas Tannock, . Blacksmith. A. Aug. 24, „ 1156 Nov. 25, „ Walter Macnair, Hamr. S.L. Nov. 24, „ 1157 George Barclay, Blacksmith. Str. »» 1158 Feb. 14, 1832, George Railton, Jeweller and Goldsmith. Str. Jan. 5, 1824. 1159 Aug. 31, „ John Croll, Blacksmith. Str. Dec. 21, 1831. 1160 David Crighton Rait, Goldsmith and Jeweller. Str. July 2, 1828. 1161 „ William Dempster, . ! Smith and Cutler. A. 1162 »» „ John Collier, . 1 Blacksmith. S. May 21, 1832. 1163 „ „ Charles Menzies, Blacksmith. S.L. July 20, „ 1104 »» u Dugald Bannatyne Stark, Hammr. Str. July 31, „ 1165 Robert Robertson, . Saddler. S. Aug. 30, „ 1 166 ,, ,, William Fleming, . Smith and Farrier. S. July 24, „ 1167 Mar. 14, 1833, William Stewart, Tinsmith. A. Feb. 27, 1833. 1168 J une 11, „ David Burgess, Brassfounder. Str. April 13, „ 1169 Aug. 30, „ George Hadfield, Cutler. Str. Sept. 10, 1831. 117U . Robert Rettie, Brassfounder. Str. Mar. 14, 1833. 1171 ,, ,» John Cross, . Engineer. Str. April 19, „ 1172 John Barr, Tinsmith. A. April 18, „ 1173 „ James Russell, Saddle-tree Rivetter. S.L. July 19, „ 1174 „ „ Peter Cameron, Blacksmith. S. July 19, „ 1175 » William Cameron, . „ s. , »» 1176 »» >, George Thomson, . Watchmaker. A. Aug. 22, „ 1177 ji ,, David Tod, . Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 23, „ 1178 John M'Gregor, *■ Str. April 23, „ Essays. 1139. A board hammer. 1140. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 1141. A tureen spoon. 1143. A board hammer. 1 144. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 1145. A screw bolt and nut. 1146. A chased gold ring. 1147. No Essay. 1148. A board hammer. 1149. A screw bolt and nut. 1150. A bevel wheel. 1151. A block tin sauce pan. 1152. A block tin tea kettle. 1 153. A plain gold ring. 1154. A plain gold ring. 1155. A bolt and nut. 1156. A screw bolt and nut. 1157. A screw bolt and nut. 1 158. A chased gold ring. 1 159. A hand hammer. 1160. A plain gold ring. 1161. A plasterer's metring tool. 1162. A screw bolt and nut. 1163. A screw bolt and nut. 1164. A screw bolt, nut and washer. 1165. A side saddle. 1166. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 1167. A bellied jug. 1168. A pair of small brass bushes. 1169. A carving knife. 1170. A brass coat of arms. 1171. A bevel wheel. 1172. A block tin tea kettle. 1173. A pair of small polished hames. 1174. A board hammer. 1175. A board hammer. 1176. A verge. 1177. A hand vice. 1178. A screw bolt, nut and washer. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 315 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. 1 Burg Aug. ate of ess Ticket. 1179 Aug. 30, 1833, William Braid, senr., Brassfounder. Str. 28, 1833. 1180 June 13, 1834, James Young, Wright. Str. Oct. 19, 1786. 1181 Aug. 29, „ Charles Bryson, Jeweller. Str. July 14, 1823. 1182 ,. Alexander Wood, Watch and Clockmaker in Stirling. A. Oct. 24, 1833. 1183 „ Alexander Bowman, Smith. S. Nov. 28, „ 1184 .. John Mitchell, Jeweller. S. " 1185 ., William Mitchell, . S. 1180 Peter Mein, . Innkeeper and Smith. Str. 1187 William Stobo, Blacksmith. A. Jan. 7, 1834. 1188 Mungo M'Callum, . Merchant. Str. May 1, „ 1189 ,, Wilson Stewart, Tinsmith. A. April 23, „ 1190 „ ,, James Young, junr., Engineer and Smith. S. June 13, „ 1191 „ ,, William Kidd, Tinsmith. Str. „ 1192 ,, William M'Innes, . Watchmaker. A. June 12, „ 1193 Andrew Lockhart, . Tinsmith. A. June 13, „ 1194 ,, James Strang, Watchmaker. A. June 12, „ 1195 Robert Clark, Saddler. A. June 27, „ 1196 ,, „ Andrew Kelly, Watchmaker. A. July 4, „ 1197 ,1 M / Alexander \ R rown \ Andrew / ' Blacksmith. Str. July 10, „ 1198 ■ • ,, William Munro, Tinsmith. S. July 7, „ 1199 1) William Keir, Blacksmith. Str. July 29, „ 1200 ,, ,» John Murray, », Str. »» »» 1201 >• It David Webster, ,, Str. >» ft 1202 », »» William Murray, Coppersmith. Str. 1203 Aug. 28, 1835. Peter M'Farlane, Blacksmith. Str. Nov. 27, 1834. 1204 ,, »» Joseph Graham, Goldsmith and Jeweller. Str. July 14, 1823. 1205 »» ,, William Alexander, »» »» Str. Feb. 6, 1835. 1206 »» »» Alexander Dron, Edge Toolmaker. Str. May 5, „ 1207 James Bryce Heggie, Brassfounder. S. July 31, „ 1208 J, '» William Campbell, . Blacksmith. S.L. t$ »» 1209 »» »> John Scott, Farrier. S. Aug. 19, „ 1210-1 »» >» Alexander Martin, . Gunmaker in Paisley. s. July 22, „ 1210-2 »» >» Alexander Martin, . Gunmaker in Glasgow. s. ,, »» 1211 ,» ,* Benjamin Musgrove, Cutler. Str. Aug. 19, „ 1212 ,, ,» Robert Buchanan, junr., Clock and Watchmaker. A. Aug. 20, „ 1213 Alexander Walker Alexander, . Clock and Watchmaker. A. Aug. 19. „ 1214 » ». Archibald M'Vicar, Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 8. „ 1215 Sept. 17, „ James More, . Blacksmith and Iron Merchant. Str. July 3, 1817. Essays. 1179. A brass bush. 1180. No Essay. 1181. A pair of ear piercers. 1182. A watch verge. 1183. A board hammer. 1184. A watch verge. 1185. A plain gold ring. 1186. A horse shoe and foot of nails 1187. A board hammer. 1188. A nail. 1189. A bellied jug. 1190. A screw bolt and nut. 1191. A bellied jug. 1192. A verge wheel. 1193. A bellied jug. 1194. A verge wheel. 1195. A buckle and strap. 1196. A verge wheel. 1197. A board hammer. 1198. A drainer. 1199. A board hammer. 1200. A screw bolt and nut. 1201. A screw bolt and nut. 1202. A copper scale. 1203. A board hammer. 1204. A plain gold ring. 1205. A plain gold ring. 1206. A screw auger. 1207. A cock. 1208. A screw bolt and nut. 1209. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 1210-1. A gun main spring. 1210-2. A gun main spring. 1211. A pen knife. 1212. A verge wheeL 1213. A cork screw. 1214. Two links of a chain 1215. A foot of nails. 3i6 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. I2ir, 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1221) 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 124S 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 Date of Entry. Nov. 26, 1835, Aug. 26, L836, Name. Aug. Aug. 26, „ 25, 1837. Aug. 31, 1838, Aug. 3(1, 1839, John Cuthbert, William Parkins, Robt. Lorimer, John M'Aulay, •James Mitchell, Andrew Graham, James Qrquhart, Robert Bald, . Alexander Aitken James Allan, . John Henderson, William Walls Christie John Campbell, Archd. ColquliDiin Wood Peter Pollok, . James Anderson, James Taylor, Colin M'Alpine, John Ross, John Lyon, . George M'Lean, Adam Primrose, Alexander Brown, Charles Watt, William Neilson, Andrew M'Millan, John M'Gregor, John Lawson, Wiliam Robertson, Henry Muirhead, George Robertson, George Morrison, William Bilsland, Andrew Watson. George Paterson, John Darge, . Duncan M'Leod, John Donaldson, James Allan, . Walter M'Gilvray, Occupatiou. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. Blacksmith. Str. Sept. 17, 1SS6 Silver Plater. Str. Nov. 26, „ Brassfounder. Str. July 16, „ Tinsmith. A. June 30, 1836. Blacksmith and Engineer. Str. Aug. 4, „ Brassfounder. A. 8.L. it ,, Tinsmith. A. f9 ,, Watchmaker and Jeweller. Str. Aug. 17, „ Tinsmith. A. Aug. 16, „ Saddle-tree Rivetter. Str. Aug. 18, „ [roafounder. S.L. Aug. 23, „ , Str. Aug. 25, „ Blacksmith. s. Saddler. S. Tinsmith. A. Nov. 2, „ Blacksmith. Str. Dec. 27, „ Str. Feb. 14, 1837. Coppersmith. A. Mar. 7, „ Tinsmith. S. Aug. 31, 1815. Watchmaker. A. July 3, 1837. Coppersmith. Str. June 27, „ Watchmaker. S. July 4, „ Coppersmith. S. July 13, „ Engineer and Blacksmith. s. July 25, „ Watchmaker. A. » ,, Blacksmith and Farrier. Str. Aug. 19, 1835. Blacksmith. Str. Nov. 10, 1837. Saddler. Str. June 7, 1838. Watchmaker. S. Blacksmith. Str. Tinsmith. A. Aug. 7, 1838. „ A. Aug. 2, „ Brassfounder. Str. Dec. 23, „ Blacksmith. S. Oct. 19, 1839. ,, Str. April 24, „ Fish Hook Maker. Str. Mar. 19, „ Watch Manufacturer. Str. Blacksmith. Str. Str. Aug. 2, ,. Essays. 121fi. A board hammer. 1217. A reflector. 1218. A gas branch. 1219. A bellied jug. 1220. A screw bolt, and nut. 1221. A small bush. 1 222. A small bush. 1223. A bellied jug. 1224. A gold ring. 1225. A bellied jug. 1226. A stump bar. 1227. A wedge. 1 228. A wedge. 1229. An iron chest lock. 1 230. A strap and buckle. 1231. A bellied jug. 1232. A screw bolt and nut 1233. A screw bolt and nut. 1234. A half-gallon measure. 1235. A bellied jug. 1236. A watch verge. 1237. A gallon measure. 1238. A watch verge. 1239. A half-gallon measure. 1240. A screw bolt and nut. 1241. A watch verge. 1242. A screw bolt and nut. 1243. A horse shoe and foot of nails. 1244. A belt and buckle. 1245. A watch verge. 124i'.. A hammer. 1247. A bellied jug. 1248. A tin teapot. 1249. A bush. 1250. A bench hammer. 1251. A hand hammer. 1252. A chisel. 1253. A watch verge. 12."»4. A screw bolt and nut. 1255. A screw bolt and nut. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 317 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1256 Aug. 28, 1840, James Beith, . Blacksmith and Founder. Str. Nov. 27, 1839. 1257 Crawford Thomson, Smith and Founder. Str. »» »! 1258 John M'Leod, Fish Hook Maker. s. Mar. 19, „ 1259 William Clark, A. Mar. 5, 1840. 1260 M lt Dugald Cameron, Hammerman. A. Feb. 25, „ 1261 John Maxwell, Saddler. Str. Feb. 17, „ 1262 John Hood, . Blacksmith. A. Mar. 31, „ 1263 ,. .. James Taylor, ,, S. April 30, „ 1264 » » David Steel, . Brassfounder. A. July 31, 1834. 1265 », »» John Finlay, . Ironmonger and Smith. Str. 1266 >» »» John Fyfe, Residing in Greenock. Str. Aug. 13, 1839. 1267 Alexander Wyllie, . Tinsmith. S. 16, 1840. 1268 »» >, David Wyllie, „ S. Mar. 16, „ 1269 »» John Arthur, Jeweller. A. June 30, „ 1270 •> » John Gordon, Brassfounder. Str. July 15, ,, 1271 Thomas Millen, Tinsmith. A. Feb. 6, „ 1272 ,, >» George Buchanan, . A. A. July 2, „ 1273 William Dixon Cocker, Cutler. S. Aug. 6, „ 1274 » » John Smeaton, Str. July 31, „ 1275 John Crichton, Blacksmith. S. , 1840. 1276 William M'Cracker, Watchmaker. Str. Aug. 24, 1837. 1277 „ » John Wright, Tinsmith. A. Aug. 6, 1840. 1278 James Colquhoun, . Brassfounder. Str. Nov. 7, 1839. 1279 Michael Rowand Buchanan Tinsmith. Str. April 30, 1838. 1280 Feb." 16, 1841, George Stephen, . . Oct. 15, 1832. 1281 Aug. 4, „ Thomas Leithhead, Coachmaker. Str. April 25, 1839. 1282 Aug. 27, „ Thomas Barr, Tinsmith. A. Jan. 14, 1841. 1283 William Macfarlane, Hamr. Str. Feb. 16, „ 1284 ,, ,» James Finlay, Str. Sept. 3, 1810. 1285 William Neilson, . . Str. »» »» 1286 John King, Smith. S. Mar. 11, 1841. 1287 >» !» Robert Fyfe, . Mathematical Instrument Maker. S. Feb. 4, „ 1288 William Morrison, . Tinsmith. S.L. » 8, „ 1289 ,, M Andrew Hally Hunter, Coach and Harness Maker. Str. June 23, „ 1290 ,» ,> Neil CM'Conechy, 1 \.MacConnochie, ( ' »» »» A. Aug. 5, „ 1291 ,» S, William Mein, » j> Str. Aug. 2, „ 1292 Robert Laidlaw, Hammerman. Str. Aug. 10, „ 1293 ;; :; John Gibson, . Watchmaker. A. Aug. 16, „ Essi lYS. 1256. A screw bolt and n ut. 1275. A bolt and nut. 1257. A screw bolt and n ut. 1276. A watch base. 1258. A hand chisel. 1277. A bellied jug. 1259. A bellied jug. 1278. A bush. 1260. A screw bolt and n ut. 1279. ? 1261. A snaffle bridle. 1280. ? 1262. A screw tap. 1281. ? 1263. A hand hammer. 1282. A bellied jug. 1264. A half-inch connec ing screw. 1283. A screw bolt and nu b. 1265. A screw bolt and n ut. 1284. A wedge. 1266. A screw bolt and n ut, 1285. A naU. 1267. A bellied jug. 1286. A screw bolt. 1268. A block tin tea ket tie. 1287. A screw nail. 1269. A plain gold ring. 1288. A vegetable drainer. 1270. A brass cock. 1289. A screw bolt and nu t. 1271. A beEied jug. 1290. A screw bolt and nu t. 1272. A screw bolt and n ut. 1291. A screw bolt and nu t. 1273. A pen knife. 1292. A patent brass shielt 1. 1274. A bench hammer. 1293. A watch verge. 318 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 1294 Aug. 27, 1841, | Williaru Anderson, . Smith and Farrier. Str. Aug. 2, 1841. 1295 »» »» Thomas Edington, . Merchant. Str. Aug. 24, „ 1296 »» »» Alexr. Gray Edington, ,, Str. „ >» 1297 »» »» David Chapman, ,, Str. 1298 »» »» John Campbell, Hamr. S.L. Aug. '•*, „ 1299 »» »> George Stephen, junr., ,, Aug. 26, 1 25, J " 1300 »t »» Thomas M'Cash, Blacksmith. S. Mar. 4, 1835. 1301 »» »» William H. Fyfe, . .Mathematical Instrument Maker. Feb. 4, 1841. 1302 Sept. 15, „ James Walker, (If the Tontine Hotel. Str. Dec. 13, 183(1. 1303 >> William Kidston, Merchant. S. Sept. 28, 1833. 1304 „ Richard Kidston, junr., . ,, S. Feb. 14, 1839. 1305 »> »» Charles Kidston, ,, S. Sept. 11, 1840. 1306 James Minto, Mason. S.L. Dec. 10, 1819. 1307 ii »» Charles Gray, Merchant. S. Sept. 14, 1841. 1308 »» »» George Lumsden, . ,, s. Sept. 13, „ 1309 James Lumsden, junr., . ,, s. Oct. 17, 1829. 1310 ,. It James Gray, . ,, s. Sept. 1, 1821. 1311 . William Johnston Paterson , Hamr. s. Sept. 13, 1841. 1312 »» .» John Steel, Tailor. S.L. July 19, 1824. 1313 Nov. 12, „ Archd. MacConnell, Merchant. Oct. 1, 1833. 1314 May 13, 1842, James Miller, Tinsmith. Str. Dec. 9, 1840. 1315 Aug. 2ti, „ John Morrison, Saddler. s. Nov. 11, 1841. 1316 Ninian Paton, Coach and Harness Maker. A. Nov. 12, „ 1317 ps Archd. Robertson, . Founder and Blacksmith. Str. Feb. 22, 1842. 1318 John M'Dowall, ,, ,, Str. ,, 1319 John Rae, Barber. S. Nov. 21, 1841. 1320 »» »> John Meill, Blacksmith. S. May 20, 1842. 1321 j» »» Samuel M'Culloch, . Saddler. Str. Aug. 10, 1839. 1322 »» >» David MacGibbon, . „ Str. July 17, „ 1323 Au g .{»;J„ James Gray, . Blacksmith in Edinburgh. Str. July 25, 1842. 1324 Aug. 26, „ Robert M'Connell, . Blacksmith. Str. Aug. 3, „ 1325 ,» ., Duncan Campbell, . Smith and Cartwright. S.L. Aug. 25, „ 1326 , Robert Stewart, 1 Jeweller. Str. Aug. 18, „ 1327 „ Andrew Thorn, Saddle-tree Maker. S.L. Aug. 19, „ 1328 ,, ,, James Wyllie, Writer. S. Aug. 24, „ 1329 , „ Anthony Inglis, Blacksmith. A. Aug. 26, „ 1330 ,, ,» John Handlay, Saddler. A. Oct. 14, 1839. 1331 », ,, Harvey Hilliard, Cutler. Str. Feb. 16, 1841. Essays. 1294. A horse shoe and foot of nails 1295. A piece of great metal. 1296. A screw bolt and nut. 1297. A screw bolt and nut. 1298. A screw bolt and nut. 1299. A bell. 1300. A board hammer. 1301. A wedge. 1302. A horse shoe. 1303. A wedge. 1304. A wedge. 1305. A wedge. 1306. A wedge. 1307. A wedge. 1308. ; 1309. ? 1310. 9 1311. A wedge. 1312. A wedge 1313. ■'. 1314. 1 1315. A strap and buckle. 1316. A strap and buckle. 1317. A wedge. 1318. A wedge. 1319. A wedge. 1320. A screw bolt and nut 1321. A buckle and strap. 1322. A buckle and strap. 1323. A chisel. 1324. A screw bolt and nut 1325. A bolt and nut. 1326. A plain gold ring. 1327. A roller bar. 1328. A tin jug. 1329. A screw bolt and nut 1330. A buckle strap. 1331. A scalpel. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 319 Xo. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1332 Feb. 24, 1843, William Jones, . . | Gardener. 1 Sept. 11, 1838. 1333 Aug. 25, „ David Laidlaw, i Brassfounder. S.' Dec. 23, 1842. 1334 „ ,, James Combe, Blacksmith. S.L. Nov. 1. .. 1335 ,, ,, John Rohead, Dyer. S.L. Sept. 19, 1839. 1336 ,, ,, William Telfer, Blacksmith. Str. April 4, 1842. 1337 11 >, Walter Stewart, , Blacksmith. S. July 11, 1843. 1338 „ ,, Alexander Lawson, Carrier. Str. June 29, „ 1339 », 11 James Miller, Tinsmith. S. Aug. 3, „ 1340 ,• 11 William Laidlaw, Brassfounder. s. Dec. 23, 1842. 1341 Sept. 20, „ Wm. Clarke Shaw, Jeweller and Goldsmith. Str. Sept. 14, 1843. 1342 »» >» William Steven, Brassfounder. S. Sept. 16, „ 1343 Mar. 14, 1844, David Crichton, Merchant. S. 1344 »» Jt James Scott, . Wright and Tinplate Worker. Str. Feb. 17, 1803. 1345 Aug. 30, „ Thomas Brownlie, Mason. Str. , . 1346 « William Neilson, 11 Str. Nov. 2, 1837. 1347 »» ,, John Buchanan, 11 Str. Sept, 15, 1836. 1348 „ Allan Scott, . Hammerman. S. Jan. 9, 1844. 1349 John Bain, Hanir. S. Dec. 18, 1822. 1350 >» >> John Morison, Slater and Hamr. Str. Aug. 30, 1844. 1351 »> »» John Watson, Mason and Hamr. Str. 1352 >> J» James Fyfe, . 11 Str. 1353 »> >> James Willox, 11 Str. Aug. 21, 1833. 1354 >» *> Arthur Herriot, Blacksmith. S. April — , 1844. 1355 „ James M'Laren, Engineer. A. April 20, „ 1356 „ ,, Joseph Dodds, Plumber and Brassfounder. Str. May " J 1* 1357 »» >» Thomas Leadbetter, 11 11 Str. 11 »» 1358 >» >> James Walker, junr , Coachmaker and Farrier. S. July 4, „ 1359 »» »» Thomas Chapman, . Cutler. Str. May 8, „ 1360 )» >» Robert Crawfurd, . Blacksmith. A. July 4, „ 1361 »» >» Andrew Reid, Wright. Str. 1362 »» »» James Dickson, Farrier and Innkeeper. Str. Aug. 20, „ 1363 »» »» James Eadie, Blacksmith. Str. II 1364 )> »> Daniel M'Ewan, Iron Merchant. S.L. 1365 JJ »» John M'Bryde, S{aohine Maker and Hamr. Str. Sept. 4, " 1366 i> Alexander Lucas, Goldsmith. A. Aug. 22, „ 1367 11 11 Andrew Brown, Mason and Hamr. Str. Aug. 23, 1838. 1368 11 11 James Drew, . Blacksmith. A. Aug. 19, 1844. 1369 William Weir, Iron Founder. S.L. M 1370 11 fi William More, Smith. S. Aug, 30. „ Essays. 1332. 1333. j A brass vase. 1334. A screw bolt and nut. 1335. A wedge. 1336. A tackle hook. 1337. A screw bolt and nut. 1338. A horse shoe and foot of nails 1339. A tin jug. 1340. No Essav. 1341. A marriage ring. 1342. A gas crane. 1343. A wedge. 1344. A tin jug. 1345. A mason's iron. 1346. A wedge. 1347. A wedge. 1348. A tin jug. 1349. A wedge. 1350. Three sclate nails. 1351. A mason's iron. 1352. A mason's iron. 1353. A mason's iron. 1354. A hammer. 1355. A wedge. 1356. A brass bell. 1357. A wedge. 1358. A horse shoe and foot of nails 1359. A scalping knife. 1360. A chipping hammer. 1361. A wedge. 1362. A wedge. 1363. A screw bolt and nut. 1364. Three horse nails. 1365. A wedge. 1366. A plain gold ring. 1367. A wedge. 1368. A screw bolt and nut. 1369. A box of railing. 1370. A screw bolt and nut ;20 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1371 Aug. 30, 1844, James Stewart., Slate Merchant and Hamr. Sir. Aug. 30, 1844. 1372 »» »» Thomas Gray, Tinsmith. Str. ii 1) 1373 Robert Arthur, Jeweller. Str. ii »» 1374 Robert Mitchell, Iron Merchant. Str. 1375 April' 22, 1845, Alexander Matliicsu i, Blacksmith and Plane Maker. Sir. April 23, 1845. 1376 1377 May 22, „ John Steuart, William Strang, 1 Cooper and Hamr. Blacksmith. Str. Sir. 1378 ii ii M* James Young, Blacksmith. Str. July 10, „ 1383 »» »» John Speirs, . ii S. Sept. 13, 1830. 1384 »» )» Peter M'Lellan, ,, Str. Aug. 29, 1845. 1385 »» »» John Duff, . Hammerman. Str. Aug. 22, „ 1386 *» J» Alexander Dallas, Str. Aug. 20, „ 1387 H »j John Leckie, . »» »» 1388 »» *» William Jaffray, ,, Str. Aug. 1, „ 1389 »» »> David Tannahill, Blacksmith. A. Aug. 23, „ 1390 »» »» John Russell, Jeweller. A. Aug. 29, „ 1391 „ ,, Alexander M'Donah 1, ii S. Aug. 26, „ 1392 >> 1) George M'Donald, Accountant. s. )» >» 1393 ,, ,, John Stewart, Cooper. s. Aug. 18, „ 1394 ») »» Peter Ait ken, junr., Jeweller. s. Aug. 28, „ 1395 1) J» James Dalziel Dougall, Fish Hook Maker. s. Sept. 19, 1844. 1396 Mar. 3, 1846, George Bell, . Gunsmith. Str. Jan. 15, 1846. 1397 ii ii Archibald Baird, Tinsmith. A. Oct. 4, 1845. 1398 Aug. 28, „ Charles Thomas, Coach and Harness Maker. Str. Sept. 30, „ 1399 »» »> William Spence, Hamr. and Architect. S.L. Jan. 29, 1846. 1400 »» )> William Robertson, Hamr. Str. Aug. 19, ,, 1401 »» 1) Thomas Adam Mathieson, S. Mar. 13, 1845. 1402 »» »J Robert M'Gown Lindsay, ii Str. Aug. 19, 1846. 1403 ,, ,, John M'Laren, Blacksmith and Ironmonger. S.L. Aug. 27, „ 1404 Henry Reid, . Tinsmith. Str. Aug. 26, „ 1405 ,, ., John Mahony, Brassfounder. Str. Aug. 28, „ 1406 Sept. 17, „ James Ewing, Wright and Hamr. Str. Sept. 7, „ 1407 ii ii William York, Mason and Hamr. Str. 1408 Porteous Sutherland, Merchant and Hamr. Str. 141)9 ii ii Porteous Sutherland, junr., Hamr. and Merchant. S. 141(1 .. .. John Auchiuvole, . Merchant and Hamr. Str. Sept. 24, 1833. Essays. 1371. Three sclate nails. 1372. A tin jug. 1373. A plain gold ring. 1374. A wedge. 1375. A wedge. 1376. A wedge. 1377. A wedge. 1378. A wedge. 1379. A buckle and strap. 1380. A chipping hammer. 1381. A plain gold ring. 1382. A mason's chisel. 1383. A wedge. 1384. A wedge. 1385. A spindle. 1386. A screw bolt and nut. 1387. A plain gold ring. 1388. A plain gold ring. 1389. A screw bolt and nut. 1390. A plain gold ring. 1391. A pair of ear-rings. 1392. A pair of ear-rings. 1393. A pair of hoop ear-rings. 1394. A plain ring. 1395. A square broach or widener. 1396. A dog head. 1397. A tin jug. 1398. A wedge. 1399. A wedge. 1400. A chipping hammer. 1401. A wedge. 1402. A wedge. 1403. A wedge. 1404. A tin jug. 1406. A wedge. 1407. A mason's iron. 1408. A wedge. 1409. A wedge. 1410. A wedge. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 32i 1411. 1412. 1413. 1414. 1415. 1416. 1417. 1418. 1419. 1420. 1421. 1422. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burg Nov. ess Ticket, 1411 Aug. 27, 1847, John Thomson, Hamr. s. 20, 1846. 1412 Edward M'Whannell, s. Feb. 23, 1847. 1413 '• ','• James Mitchell, Brassfounder. A. Mar. 23, „ 1414 David Heron, Hamr. Str. Aug. 14, 1845. 1415 James Hamilton, ,, Str. June 22, 1847. 1416 William Sutherland, »» Str. June 23, „ 1417 David M'Connochie, Str. Sept. 15, 1841. 1418 Peter Drew, . ,, S.L. June 25, 1847. 1419 William Alexander, junr., Blacksmith. S. Aug. 5, „ 1420 James Fyfe, junr., . Mason. S. Aug. 26, „ 1421 Thomas Forgan, Str. Aug. 22, „ 1422 James Crichton, Hamr. S. June 29, „ 1423 William Crichton, . S. » 1424 Joseph Lomas, Str. Nov. 4, 1846. 1425 Joseph Lomas, junr., S. Aug. 26, 1847. 1426 John Stewart, Hamr. S. Aug. 27 1427 James Stewart, Cooper. S. » »> 1428 John M'Lean, Smith. Str. Aug. 19, 1841'.. 1429 James Steel, . Gardener. Str. Sept, 19, 1844. 1430 Sept. 8, "„ William Downie, Farrier. S. Aug. 24, 1847. 1431 Sept, 28, „ Walter Campbell, . Blacksmith. S. Sept. 14, 1846. 1432 John M'Conochie, . Engineer. S. Aug. 5, 1847. 1433 Francis Brown, Quarrier at Bishop Briggs. s. Mar. 23, „ 1434 > »> George Fergusson, . Hamr. (with Merry & Cunningham). S.L. Sept, 16, 1846. 1435 June 27, 1848. William Young, Saddletree Maker. A. June 2, 1848. 1436 t f >» Francis Chapman, . Watchmaker. S.L. Jan. 27, „ 1437 Aug. 23, „ James Muir, . Tinsmith. A. Aug. 22, „ 1438 Sept. 20, „ George Purden, Slater. Str. Sept. 20, „ 1439 Oct. 13, „ James Geddes, Boat Builder. Str. Oct. 13, „ 1440 , Peter Ferguson, Plumber. S.L. )l »» 1441 Nov. ' 23, ',', Robert Bruce, Stationer. S.L. Oct. 14, ., 1442 May 8, 1849, William M'Whannell, Brassfounder. S. Mar. 2, 1849. 1443 Aug. 29, „ James More, . Iron Merchant. s. Aug. 27, „ 1444 Sept. 18, „ Alexander Taylor, . Residing in Aberdeen. S.L. Aug. 31, ., 144.-. s Hugh Locke Anderson, . Mason. S.L. Sept. 17. .. 1446 John Christie, Str. May 6, 1841. 1447 , » »» Alexander Christie, Hamr. A. Sept. 17, 1849. 1448 Charles York, S. > |J 1449 3 J »> James Reid, . Ironmonger. Str. 1450 Sept, 19, „ James York, . Hamr. S. Sept. 19, ., 1451 Adam Paterson, Writer. S.L. 1 »» 1452 Mar. 8, 1850, John Bennie, . Wright, Sept, 15, 1835. 1453 July 25, „ John Russell, Power-loom Manager. S.L. July 18, 1850. 1454 Aug. 16, „ Robert Hood, Working Jeweller. A. July 9 1455 > „ James Ewing, Jeweller. A. Aug. 12, „ 1456 Aug. 28, „ David Yuille, Maltman. Str. Aug. 4, 1845. 1457 Sept. 13, „ Alexander Moncrieff, Writer. S. Sept. 13, 1850. Essays. A wedge. A wedge. A brass valve. A square. A wedge. A rhone hook. A wedge. A wedge. A wedge. A wedge. A mason's iron. A wedge. 1423. A wedge. 1424. A screw bolt and nut. 1425. A screw bolt and nut, 142(i. A wedge. 1427. A wedge. 1428. ? 1429. A wedge. 1430. A horse shoe. 1431. ? 1432. A wedge. 1433. A quarry wedge. 1434. A wedge. 322 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 i m:i 1464 1465 L466 1467 1468 1469 147(1 1471 1472 1473 1474 I 175 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 14S8 IIS:l 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 Date of Entry. Nov. 28, 1850, Mar. 7, 1851, April 1, A|'iil 24, Jill) 8, July 29, Aug. 27, Sept. 12, Oct. 1, Mar. 19, 1852, *LUg. 26, Sept, 15, July ' 22, 1853 Aug. 24, Sept. 13, Oct. 11, Nov. 3, Feb. Feb. 14, 1S54, 21, Aug. 8, Jan. 23, 1855, May 4, „ July 26, „ Aug. 30, „ Jan. 17, 1856, Feb. 14, „ Feb. 2S, „ May 2i i. ., June" 10, „ Aug." 12, ;; Aug." 27, ',', Sept. 17, „ Oct." 14, ',', Name U ilium Reid, \\ ni. KljiiH/.rr Cook Clark James Rentun, John Ronton, James Ronton, George Ronton, Hugh (ilascoyno, Peter M'Gregor, Robert Cruikshanks, Waller Neilson, John Neilson, James Cruikshank", Henry Hardie, Henry Morison, Alexander Munro, . John Stewart, Joseph Tucker Crawford James Simpson, Alexr. Smith, Robert Macfarlane, Alexr. Bilsland, junr., William Bilsland, . David Bilsland, Robert Bilsland, Samuel Falconer, John Craig Finlayson, James Robert Napier, John Napier, . James Smith Napier, William Rigby, William Galbraith, . Walter Smith Galbraith, Alexander Hannah, Bogle Coventry, William Rodger, Thomas Elder, Alexr. Reid, . John Leslie, . Thomas Kyle, David Yoolow Stewart, James Anderson, John Home, . Alexander M'Lean, James Henderson Robertson, Adam Young, John Watson, junr., John Erskine, Robert Gilchrist, Alexander Tolmie, . Peter Hamilton, Robert M'Creath, . Daniel Ferguson Duncan Charles M'Lean, John Steven, . Thomas Steven, Robert Lindsay, Archibald Ewing, . John Turner, James Wood, Hugh Wilson, James Henderson, . Occupation. Class Date of Burgess Ticket. .. Sept, 9, 1817. Surgeon. A." Feb. 24, 1851. Plasterer. Str. April 26, 1843. »» S. Aug. 2, 1842. >» S. Feb. 1, 1845. S. Oct. 1, „ Spirit Merchant. S.L. Mar. 21, 1851. Engineer and Brassfounder. Str. Mison. Aug. 25, 1831. Engineer, Hyde Park. s.' July 29, 1851. »» »y S. >* »» Mason. s. Aug. 19, 1841. Machine Maker. Str. July 29, 1851. Hamr. S. Aug. 14, „ Architect. S. Sept. 12, „ Smith. Str. Engineer. Str. Jeweller and Goldsmith. A. Aug. 11, 1852. Slater and Hamr. Str. Sept. 15, „ S.L. »» >» Japanner. S. S. July 22, 1853. »» »» Tinsmith. s. s. >» »» S.L. »» »» S. Aug. 22, „ s. Aug. 19, „ s. »» »i s. S.L. Aug. 23, „ Engineer. s. Aug. 19, „ Writer. s. »» »» Hamr. Str. Sept. 13, „ ,, S. Aug. 12, 1852. »j S.L. Sept. 13, 1853. Blacksmith. A. Sept. 29, „ Str. Oct. 26, 1821. t , Str. Oct. 25, 1853. Str. »» >» Str. »» *> Coal Master. Str. May 30, 1851. »» Str. May 21, 1842. Blacksmith. A. Feb. 14, 1854. S. Aug. 8, „ S. Jan. 12, 1855. S. Jan. 19, „ Str. July 26, „ Str. Julv 17, 1844. Metal Broker. S. Jan. 17, 1856. Merchant. Str. ! Feb. 13, „ Ironmonger. s.l,. Feb. 7, „ Str. Mar. 20, „ Hamr. S. May 19, „ S. s. s. Nov. 24, 1854. Teacher. »» >» Blacksmith. s. Aug. 4, 1856. Merchant. s. Skinner. A. June 30, 1848. Hamr. Str. Sept. 17, 1856. Coachbuilder. Str. Oct. 6, „ APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 323 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1519 Oct. 14, 1856, William Herkless, . Smith and Machine Maker. S.L. Oct 7, 1856. 1520 » James M'Call, Iron and Steel Merchant. Str. Oct. 14, „ 1521 Nov. 14, „ James Stewart, junr., Slater. S. Nov. 14, „ 1522 it »» Angus M'Dougall, . Cabinetmaker. S.L. it it 1523 IJ J» John Shearer, ' Steward. S.L. 1524 it »» Robert Crichton, Salesman. S. 1525 »> »» William Johnston, . Metal Merchant. Str. Nov. 12, ',', 152(5 »» »» John Lawrie, . Wine Merchant. Str. Xi.\ . 14, „ 1527 tt )» Donald Campbell, . Chemist. Str. Nov. 13, „ 1528 )» »» James Noble Sutherland, Plumber. S. 1529 Nov. 27, „ Thomas Falconer, . A. Nov. 25, ',', 1530 >» »» Robert M'Nicol, Sewed Muslin Manufr S.L. Nov. 26, „ 1531 Dec. 12, „ Charles MT.aren, Glass Merchant, etc. Str. Dec. 12, „ 1532 11 » James M'Lean, Hotelkeeper. Str. »» )) 1533 Jan. 15, 1857, James Moses, | Brassfounder. Str. Jan. 15, 1857. 1534 J» »» Andrew Ross, Plumber. Str >» 1535 »I IJ Thomas Robinson, . Ironfounder. Str. 1530 Jan. 30, „ William Robertson, Banker. Str. July 5, 1834. 1537 Feb. 27, „ Robert Glover, Spirit Merchant. Str. July 1, 1854. 1538 tt tt James Roberton, Ironfounder. Str. Nov. 3, 1856. 1539 Mar. 13, „ Adam M'Lellan, Commission Merchant. Str. April 28, 1845. 1540 April 22, „ William Reid, junr., Plumber. S. April 22, 1857. 1541 it tt John Reid, Oil Merchant, etc. s. 1542 tt It Robert Johnstone, . Tailor. S.L. n u 1543 It »» John Alexander Ferguson, Candlemaker. S. April 8, „ 1544 tt )» William Anderson, . Wright. Str. Aug. 8, 1842. 1545 it it Hugh Heugh Maclure, Civil Engineer. S.L. April 22, 1857. 1546 tt tt George M'Lerie, Confectioner. Str. April 21, „ 1547 May 29, „ Robert M'Naught, . Thread Manufacturer. Str. May 29, „ 1548 »» a Thomas Primrose, . Tinsmith. Str. 1549 tt tt Edward Primrose, . Coppersmith. S. >> tt 1550 tt tt John Anderson, Ironfounder. Str. May 27, „ 1551 »» »» James Merry, Iron Master. Str. May 1, „ 1552 Aug. 27, „ Laurence Aitchison, Jeweller. A. Aug. 17, „ 1553 tt »» Duncan Ferguson, . >» S.L. Aug. 24, „ 1554 tt tt Daniel Colquhoun, . Ironmonger. Str. Aug. 26, „ 1555 Sept. 8, „ John Boag, Iron Merchant. Str. Sept. 4, „ 1556 Oct. 1, „ Rev. John Leechman, London. S. April 2 1557 Aug. 16, „ William Robertson, S. Oct. 13] " 1558 Nov. 25, „ Andrew Buchanan, Blacksmith. Str. Oct. 29, „ 1559 it it James Buchanan, . S. 1560 Mar. 15, 1858, Henry Cocker, Fish Hook Maker. S.L. 1561 11 11 William Jackson, . Tea Merchant. S. June 15, 1850. 1562 tt 11 Alexander Hastie, . Merchant. S.L. 1563 May 27, „ James Maeintyre, . Iron Merchant. Str. May 27, 1858. 1564 July 21, „ Alexander Myers, . Commission Merchant. Str. July 21, „ 1565 »i »» Alexander Kay, Writer. Str. )» tt 1566 it »» Alexander M'Kerracher, . Messenger-at-Arms. Str. July 13, „ 1567 »» »» James Couper, senr., Glass Manufacturer. Str. Nov. 3, 1852. 1568 Aug. 11, „ James Couper, junr., ,, S. July 9, 1858. 1569 J> »» William Couper, Merchant. S. it ,, 1570 )» 11 Roderick A. Couper, Glass Manufacture!. s. »» M 1571 »» »> Robert Morton, Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. July 28, .. 1572 Sept. 14, „ E. G. Maxwell, Collector of Police Rates. Str. Sept. «, „ 1573 Nov. 25, „ Andrew Brown, Mathematical Instrument Maker. A. June 9, „ 1574 a n Andrew Brown, Tinplate Worker. S. Nov. 18, „ 1575 »» »» John James Muirhead, Jeweller. S. Nov. 20, „ 1576 »» tt Duncan M'Innes, fJ A. Nov. 10, „ 1577 n »» Crichton John Rait, S. Nov. 22, „ 1578 Jan. 18, 1859, Rev. John Glen, Morebattle. S.L. June 22. 1857. 1579 »» >» John James Napier, | Artist, London. S. Jan. 17, 1859. 324 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 1580 Jan. 18, 1859, William Napier, Ccalmaster. S. Jan. 17, 1859. 1581 »> James Neilson, Reedmaker. st r. Jan. 18, ,. 1582 »> »» Thomas Warren, ( d.iss Hoi i le M i.o I arei . Str. Jan. 17, „ 1583 John Inglis, . Engim i A. >l t* 1584 Charles Malioch, Merchant. Str. 1585 Feb. 3, „ Malcolm M'Nicol, . Blacksmith. A. Dec. 24, 1858. 1586 Aug. 23, „ John Taylor, . Engineer. s. Aug. 20, 1859. 1587 ,, ,, Walter Maclellan, . Ironmonger. Str. Aug. 23, „ 1588 ,, ,, Joseph Campbell, . Merchant. Str. S» »» 1589 Aug. 20, „ John Yule, Engineer. Str. Aug. 25, „ 1590 Sept. 2, „ William Hope Monerieff, . Law Student. S. Sept. 1, „ 1591 Thomas Watson, Coalmaster. S. )» »» 1592 » !. Alexander Webster, Machine Maker. s. Aug. 29, „ 1593 Sept. 15, „ John Druminond, . Contractor. Str. Sept. 5, „ 1594 Oct. 4, „ Daniel Forbes, Writer. Str. Sept. 12, „ 1595 John M'Donald, Smith and Gasfitter. S. Sept. 1, „ 1596 J? II Henry Watson, S. Oct. 3, „ 1597 >> »» James Watson, S. »» »» 1598 William Watson, s. J» *> 1599 David Watson, S. »» >» 1600 Nov. 24, „ James Gray Waddell, Glover in London. S.L. May 25, „ 1601 William tSteven, Engra\ er. Str. Nov. 24, „ 1602 Dec. 19, „ James Clinkskill, Engineer. Str. Dec. 19, „ 1603 Robert Murdoch, Iron Merchant. S. April 19, „ 1604 » James Murdoch, Engineer. s. Dec. 19, „ 1605 Thomas Allan, Tronfounder. Str. )» »> 1606 Joseph Healy, Bootmaker. Str. Dec. 9, „ 1607 Jan. 20, 186 1, William Sim, . Contractor and Stone Merch. Str. Jan. 20, „ 1608 » » James Alexander, . t Hi Merchant. S.L. Jan. 5, „ 1609 Feb. 17, „ Archibald Jeffrey, . Blacksmith. Str. Feb. 1, „ 1610 »» »» Rev. George Jeffrey, Minister of TJ.P. Church. S. >> tt 1611 »» ») Rev. Dr. Robert Thomson Jeffrey, s. Feb. 2, „ 16)2 Mar. 2, „ Alex. Cochran, 1 "lint Glass Manufacturer. Str. Feb. 18, „ 1613 »> »• Duncan MacDougall, Tobacco Pipe Manufacturer. Str. Mar. 2, „ 1(114 »* »» George Waddell, Smith. A. »> »» 1615 »» W John MacBeth, Watchmaker and Jeweller. Str. Jan. 18, ,. 1616 April 27, „ David Law, . Ironfounder. Str. April 18, „ 1617 May 16, „ John Mason, senr., . China Merchant. Str. May 15, „ HilS J» »» Gavin Mason, Mercht., Sydney, N.S.W. S. >» )» 1619 », J, John Mason, junr., Merchant. S. »» It 1620 Robert Mason, »> S. »» >» 1621 >» '» Robert M'Murchy, . Coml. Traveller. S.L. »» »t 1622 » » Robert MacLaren, . Ironfounder. S.L. Mar. 28, „ 1623 Aug. 24, „ John Stevenson, Stationer. A. Aug. 24, „ 1H24 Aug. 29, „ James Sturrock, Perfumer. Str Aug. 29, „ 1625 Sept. 10, „ John Ewing Speirs, Coml. Traveller. S. Sept. 14, „ 1626 Oct. 12, „ William Caldwell, . Cabinetmaker. Str. Aug. 14, 1844. 1627 »» William Searcy, Dining Rooms, Trongate. Str. Jan. 26, 1857. 1628 Nov. 28, „ James Bryden, Commission Agent. Str. Oct. 19, 1860. 1629 James William Napier, . 20 Sardinia Terrace. S. Nov. 27, „ 1630 ., Robert Douglas, Salemaker. Str. May 28, 1844. 1631 .Mar. ' 8, 1861. John Cameron, Smith and Machine Maker. S. Mar. 2, „ 1632 » William Smellie, Tinsmith. S. Feb. 26, » 1633 »» 5) John Colquhoun, Blacksmith. A. Jan. 2, t 1634 April 25, „ John M'Elroy, Ironfounder. S.L. Mar. 9, t 1635 Archibald Gilchrist, Engineer. Str. Mar. 15, t 1636 Walter M'Farlane, . Engineer and Founder. S.L. Mar. 26, * 1637 June 13, ,, Charles Liddle (or Liddell), Surveyor, Glasgow Gas Co. S. May 27, 9 1638 , Peter Hamilton, junr., Ironmaster. s. April 24, , 1639 .. » William West Watson, Merchant. Str. Oct. 2, 1845. 1640 Aug. 1, „ James Sym, . Teacher, Craigton. S. Aug. 1, 18 61. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 325 Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 1641 Aug. 1, 1801, Alexr. Russell Ewing, Engraver. A. Aug. 1, 1801. 1642 »» ») Robt. Curie, . Shipbuilder and Engineer. Str. »» »> 1643 Aug. 19, „ Robert Cassels, Ironmaster. Str. Aug. 10, „ 1644 »» »» Frederick Augustus Barrow, Merchant. Str. »» t* 1645 »» »» John Rattray, Plumber. Str. »» ft 1646 »» »» Lachlan Colquhoun, Smith. Str. Aug. 17, „ 1647 »» »» Robert Sinclair, Writer. Str. Aug. 10, „ 1648 Aug. 28, „ Timothy Warren, . Glass Bottle Manfr. S. Aug. 28, „ 1649 J» »» William M'Geoch, . Ironmonger. Str. »» »» 1650 >» »» William Darling, Iron Merchant. Str. Nov. 15, 1855. 1651 Oct. 4, „ James M'Kinlay, Horse Dealer. Str. Oct. 4, 1861. 1652 Oct. 18, „ John Lawson, Engineer. S.L. Oct. 18, „ 1653 »> »» Charles Randolph Lawson, » S. II »» 1654 Nov. 8, „ Andrew M'Dowall Houston Lands Vain. Assessor. Str. Aug. 14, 1845. 1655 J» »» Duncan Cameron, . Engineer. Str. Nov. 6, 1801. 1656 J> »» James Lindsay, House Factor. Str. AprU 2, 1839. 1657 »» »> James Kerr Lindsay, »» S. Nov. 6, 1801. 1658 »> )> George Lindsay, »> S. »» »» 1659 »» »» Hugh M*Cormack, . Flax Merchant. S.L. Nov. 7, „ 1660 , »» James Watson, Mason and Builder. Str. Aug. 28, is;,;,. 1061 Dee. 23, „ Thomas Fassett Bowstead, Metal Refiner. Str. Nov. 0, 1801. 1662 »» »» Gavin Wotherspoon, Letterpress Printer. S. Sept. 17, „ 1663 »» »» John Neilson, Ironfounder. S. Dec. 23, „ 1664 »» »» Robert Millar, Inspector of Lighting. Str. Dec. 19, „ 1665 J» »» Alexander Robertson, Surgeon. S. Dec. 23, „ 1666 ,, ,, Benjamin Gow, Stationer. S. Oct. 9, „ 1667 >» >J William James Morrier, . Brush Manufacturer. S.L. Aug. 21, 1845. 1068 James Scott, . Oil and Colour Merchant. Str. Dec. 23, 1861. 1669 Feb." 19. 1S62, John Donald, Iron Merchant. Str. Feb. 19, 1802. 1070 John Mann, . Accountant. Str. 1671 -, Samuel Stewart. Civil Engineer. A. Feb. 19, „ 1672 »» »» James Baird, Iron Master. Str. tt >» 1073 >» »> John Inglis, . Engineer. S. »» yj 1074 July 25, „ William Dufi, Merchant. S.L. July 25, „ 1675 5» ♦> Joseph Townsend, . Manufacturing Chemist. Str. »» »» 1676 Aug. 25, „ James Ewing, Photographic Artist. S. Dec. 23, 1861. 1677 „ ,, Thomas Stewart, Cooper. S. Aug. 24, 1855. 1678 »» *» Alexander Hill Stewart, . ,, S. Aug. 28, 1801. 1679 Aug. 29, „ Archibald Abercromby, . Plumber. S.L. Aug. 25, 1862. 1680 Sept. 15, „ Richard Ferguson, . j Ironmonger. S. Sept. 16, „ 1681 Oct. 14, „ Alexander Frew, 1 Coal Merchant- Str. Oct. 14, „ 1682 „ „ Thomas Marshall, . Veterinary Surgeon. Str. »> »> 1683 „ ,, Alexander Finlay, . Packing Box Maker. S.L. Oct. 29, 1858. 1684 Oct. 28, „ John Scott, . Confectioner. Str. May 13, 1803. 1085 Nov. 14, „ Neil Bannatyne Dalveen, Wine and Spirit Dealer. Str. Nov. 13, 1862. 1686 William Smith, Engineer. Str. Nov. 14, „ 1687 Dec." 22, "„ Thomas Bollen Seath, Iron Shipbuilder. Str. Dec. 22, „ 1688 John Law, ! Ironfounder. Str. I* St 1689 Feb." 13, 1803, Archibald Russell, . Coalmaster. Str. Feb. 13, 1863. 1690 )» John Hamilton, Portioner (formerly Wright). Str. July 30, 1839. 1691 »» James Hamilton, Tobacco Manufacturer. S. Feb. 12, 1863. 1692 John Mitchell, Grocer. Str. Feb. 12, „ 1693 AprU 3, „ John Hurll, Fire Brick Manufacturer. Str. April 3, „ 1694 >» )» George Hamilton, . Tobacconist. S. Feb. 19, „ 1695 J» »» John Hamilton, juur., H S. *» »» 1696 James Pritchard, Manufacturer. Str. April 3, „ 1697 | July" 14, ", Alexander Smith, . 1 Slater. i S - July 14, „ 1698 »> >* William Sharp, \ Goldsmith. 1 Str. *» »» 1699 »> »» James Daly, . Warehouseman. Str. »> »» 1700 William M'Adam, . Potter, etc. S.L. Nov. 4, 1852. 1701 >» »» Robert Millar, | Portioner. Str. Nov. 6, 1861. 326 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1702 July 11, 1863, William Millar, Warehouseman. s. Nov. 6, 1861. 1703 Sept. 9, „ • Icilin Turnbull, Engineer. Str. Sept. 9, 1863. 1704 Oct. 9, „ Daniel Wright, Tinsmith. A. Dec. 12, 1846. 1705 Oct. 30, „ Alexander Lindsay, Doctor of Medicine. s. Oct. 12, 1863. 170(1 Deo. 23, „ Koss Ferguson, Wine Merchant. Str. July 29, „ 1707 ,, Alexander M'Kinlay, Horse Dealer. S. Oct. 6, „ L708 Jan. 20, 1864, Alexander Craig, Sugar Broker. S.L. Dec. 31, „ 1709 Andrew MaeKie Niven, . Warehouseman. S.L. May 7, „ 1710 a Douald M'Lennan, . Merchant. Str. Jan. 20, 1864. 1711 Mar. 9, " Humphrey Campbell Dixon, Auctioneer. Str. Mar. 9, ,, 1712 June 29, ., John Hosie, . Cabinetmaker. S. Mar. 27, 1861. 1713 Oct. 7, >. John Workman, Drysalter. Str. Oct. 7, 1864. 1714 »» Archibald Stevenson Dickson, Merchant. S. ») 1715 Oct. 28, „ John Fergusson, Book-keeper. Str. Oct. 28, „ 1716 Nov. 23, „ David Wilson, Brassfounder. Str. Nov. 23, „ 1717 Robert Hutchison, . Auctioneer. Str. ,, »» 1718 »» George Hill, . Baker. Str. Feb. 18, ., 1719 William Brand Field, Furnishing Ironmonger. S. Nov. 8, „ 1720 ,, Joseph Robertson, . Manufacturer. Str. Nov. 23, „ 1721 Fob. 1, 1865, William Warren, Merchant's Clerk. S. Feb. 1, 1865. 1722 Mar. 22 J arnes Steel, . Brewer. Str. Mar. 22, „ 1723 ., James Donaldson, . Merchant. Str. ,. ■f 1724 *» Joseph Ferrie, Bookseller. Str. Jan. 17, 1863. 1725 „ Walter Bannerman, Wright. Str. Aug. 24, 1840. 1726 Way 3, " James Park, . Draper. Str. April 20, 1865. 1727 ,, James Jack, Spirit Merchant. S.L. », »» 1728 June 7. ,, Archd. M'Neil Allardyce, Plumber. S.L. Aug. 16, 1864. 1729 July 26, „ Kenneth Fraser, Smith. S. Sept. 21, 1855. 1730 JS David Barry, Tinsmith. Str. June 30, 1865. 1731 fJ Thomas Ross, Working Jeweller. A. July 26, „ 1732 Aug. ]<;. ',', George MacLellau, . Ironmonger. S. Aug. 14, „ 1733 James Shaw MacLellau, . Accountant. S. >) 1734 William Sharp, junr., Goldsmith. s. Aug. 16, „ 1735 Oct. " 3, " William Charles Tennant Sloan, Civil Engineer. Str. Oct. 3, „ 1736 „ Robert Brown, Wright. S.L. Dec. 24, 1860. 1737 ,, George Jones Combe, Engineer. S. Sept. 27, 1805. 1738 ,, William Combe, ,, s. ,, 1739 Feb. 2, 1866, Joseph Baker, Tube Manufacturer. Str. Feb. 2, 1866. 1740 ,, George Bell, . Architect. Str. ,, ft 1741 ,, Matthew Watson Finlay, Baker. Str. »» *» 1742 April 25, "„ James Steel, . Modeller. Str. April 25, „ 1743 Aug. 29, „ James Galbraith, Surgeon. S. May 31, „ 1744 Sept. 17, „ James Craig, junr., Wine Merchant. Str. Dec. 12, 1861. 1745 „ George Sheriff, Merchant. Str. June 26, 1865. 1746 . James Morris, Iron Merchant. Str. Sept. 17, 1866. 1747 Oct. 3, " Robert Mitchell, Veterinary Surgeon. S. Sept. 2, 1845. 1748 , ( John Hunter Jackson, Worsted Spinner. s. April 23, 1855. 1749 Dec. 19, " John Young, . Spirit Merchant. Str. Dec. 12, 1866. 1750 . Jolm Turnbull, Accountant. Str. 1751 ,, James Steel, . Hotel Keeper. Str. 1752 »» James Allan Thomas, Coachbuilder. S. Dec. 18, „ 1753 , William Norman Clark, . Tinsmith. S. >> 1754 Jan. II, 1867, David Swan, junr., Timber Merchant. Str. Sept. 18, 1845. 1755 ,, John Gardner, Engineer. Str. Jan. 11, 1867. 1756 Mar. 6, ., William Tait, Str. Mar. 6, „ 1757 _ William Weir, Wine Merchant. Str. f> 1758 ,, James Ebenezer Dunn, . Merchant. S.L. 1759 Robert Murdoch, Banker. Str. n 1760 Juue 5, ',', Andrew Maclean, Shipbuilder. Str. June 4, "„ APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 327 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket . 1761 June 5, 1867, John Ferguson, Shipbuilder. Plumber. Str. June 4, 1867. 1762 ») J» John Broadfoot, Str. >» 1763 July 31, „ Donald Patrick Stewart, . Surgeon. Str. July 30, „ 1764 Aug. 28, „ John Lurasden Paterson, Student. S. Aug. 23, „ 1765 »» »> Hugh Moncrieff, s. JJ 1766 »» ■» Jacob Ewing, Photographer. s. Aug. 21, ;; 1767 »» )» William Brown, Wood Merchant. Str. ,, ,, 1768 »» »J Thomas Blyth, Bootmaker. Mr. Sept 17, 184H. 1769 »» >» James Graham, Wright and Builder. Str. Sept. 2, 1822. 1770 Sept. 11, „ Alexander Forrester, Confectioner. Str. Mar. 10, 1863. 1771 »» Charles Wilson, Wine Merchant. Str. Sept. 10, 1867. 1772 »» »> James Anderson, Oil and Colour Merchant. Str. ,, „ 1773 Nov. 20, „ William M'Onie, Engineer. Str. Nov. 5, „ 1774 »» >» Andrew M'Onie, >> Str. Nov. 20, „ 1775 II 1) Colin Campbell , Coppersmith. Str. »» »» 1776 *■> »J William Young, Plumber and Brassfounder. Str. ,, >» 1777 ft >» John Phillips, Smith and Brassfounder. Str. »» M 1778 Dec. 24, „ James Blair, . Coppersmith. Str. Dec. 20, „ 1779 »» Hugh MaeBean, Oil and Colour Merchant, etc. Str. Dec. 23, „ 1780 »> »» John Yuill Kay, Engineer and Ironfounder. Str. Feb. 0, 1851. 1781 Feb. 12, 1868, Robert Chrystal, Wine Merchant. Str. Feb. 12, 1868. 1782 ., John Belch, . Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. Aug. 12, 1867. 1783 Thomas Kay, Builder. Str. Feb. 12, 1868. 1784 »» *J John Brown Bennett, Painter. Str. Mar. 17, 1858. 1785 James Howatt, Measurer. Str. Sept. 26, 1867. 1786 »» »> John Duncan, Merchant. Str. Feb. 12, 1868. 1787 »» >> James Cochran, Grain Merchant. S.L. »J »» 1788 5» *J James Smellie, M.D. and Surgeon. S.L. »> »» 1789 Mar. 11, „ David Tod, . Engineer and Shipbuilder. S. Mar. 10, „ 1790 » » John M'Gregor, Shipbuilder. s. »> tt 1791 Henry Dubs, . Engineer. Str. Mar. 11. „ 1792 April' 15, ," David More, . », S. April 10, „ 1793 ,, „ William Dron, Machine and Tool Maker. S. >» >» 1794 5> J» Daniel Miller, Civil Engineer. S. »» )! 1795 >> »> Robert Kirkland Muirhead, Jeweller. s. ,, »> 1796 »» »» James Rodger Thomson, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. »» »J 1797 »> JJ George Smith, Writer. Str. >» J» 1798 »> »» Thomas Boston, Tea Merchant. Str. April 14, „ 1799 >» J» Peter MTntosh, Currier and Leather Mercht. Str. Jan. 28, ,. 1800 >> )> John Duncanson, . Mason. Str. Oct. 12, 1864. 1801 May 6, „ John Christie, Ironfounder. S. May 4, 1868. 1802 » >» William Walls Christie, . Ironmonger. S. >» t$ 1803 Alexander Craig Paterson, Student. s. »> n 1804 19 >t John Lennox Kincaid Jamieson, . Engineer, Str. May 5, „ 1805 »» J» David Manwell, Contractor. Str. Sept. 21, 1854. 1806 June 17, „ James Steel, . Merchant. Str. Nov. 3, 1847. 1807 >» »» James Napier, Student. S. June 16, 1868. 1808 „ „ George Glen Napier, >t S. >» »» 1809 »> »» James Manwell, Contractor. s. Sept. 21, 1854. 1810 »> »» David Manwell, S. Sept. 20, 1866. 1811 »» »> Robert Faulds, Wagon Builder. Str. Aug. 1, 1843. 1812 July 29, „ William Neilson, Bank and Insurance. Str. April 14, 1855. 1813 Aug. 26, „ John Graham, Accountant. Str. Oct. 1, 1867. 1814 »> », James Gilchrist, junr., Ironmonger. Str. Jan. 19, ., 1815 »» j» Campbell Tait Bowie, House Painter. Str. Aug. 25, 1868. 1816 ,, „ Daniel Fisher, S.L. ?J 1817 »» »» James Gilchrist, Engineer. S. It n 1818 James Broadfoot, . Engineer. S. " »» »» 1819 »» »> James Turner Donald, Iron Merchant. s. 1820 Archibald Macvicar, Chain Cable, etc., Manufr. p. »» 1821 »» », James Steel, junr., . Oil and Colour Merchant. s. Aug. 26, „ 328 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1822 Sept. 16, 1808, Andrew Watson, Ironfounder. Str. Sept. 15, 1868. 1823 >» »» Robert Clow, junr., ,, Str Julv 18, 1839 1824 Maxwell Miller, Coppersmith. s. Sept. 15, 1868. 1825 Oct." 7. ',', John Cochrane, Engineer. Str. Sept. 22, „ 1820 - - Thomas Cochrane, . S. 1827 „ ( Seorge Henry Gibson, Chief Clerk, Inland Revenue Office, Glasgow, Str. Oct. 6. „ 1828 »t »» Thomas Macnee, Manufacturer. Str. »» If 1829 >• ») Ninian Glen, . si udent. S. 1830 »» »» .lames Glen, . », S. »» ft 1831 Oct, 28, „ John Coats, . Doctor of Medicine. Str. Oct. 21, „ 1832 Nov. 25, „ Alexander Whitelaw, Soap Manufacturer. Str. Nov. 24, „ 1833 ,, David Brown, Wine and Spirit Merchant, Str. tt t> 1834 11 " John Brand, . Music Hall Proprietor. Str. 1835 ., William Haddow, . W 7 ine Merchant. Str. »» 1830 p| Archd. Russell, Coalmaster. S. >» 1837 »» ,, Charles Hutchison, Manager. S.L. »» »» 1838 *» »» William Joseph Hepburn, Doctor of Medicine. S.L. J» tt 1839 »» »> John Forrester, Baker. Str. Mar. 10, 1863. 1840 Dec. 22, „ Hugh Ritchie, Store Master. Str. Feb. 14, „ 1841 J> »J Robert Brown, Merchant. Str. Dec. 22, „ 1842 Jan. 27, 1809, John Young, . Ironfounder. Str. Jan. 25, 1869. 1843 Mar. 24, „ George Douglas Francis, . Lessee of the Theatre Royal. Str. Mar. 24, „ 1844 »» John Stirling, Governor of Glasgow Prison. Str. If *» 1845 »» »* Joseph Doran, Wholesale Stationer. S.L. 1840 »» »» Hugh Smith, . Engineer. S. »» »» 1847 »» y> William Ross, Mercantile Clerk. s. »» »» 1848 May 12, „ Robert Cansh, Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. May 12, „ 1849 >» *> Thomas Cansh, ,» ,, ,, Str. »» »* 1850 M Alexander Ross M'Allister, Fish and Ice Merchant, Str. »? »» 1851 Aug. 4, „ Gavin Bell Millar, . Merchant, S. Aug. 4, „ 1852 Aug. 25, „ George Gait Galbraith, Coach maker. S. Aug. 5, „ 1853 »» *» Fergus Ferguson Galbraith, Physican and Surgeon. S. ,» ,, 1854 »» s» David Fairly Galbraith, . Engineer. S. ,» ,' 1855 Sept. 15, ,, Jonathan Ranken Paterson, Residing at Springhall. s. Sept. 15, „ 1850 Oct. 0, „ Hugh Moncrieff Paterson, », ,, s. Oct. 5, „ 1857 Nov. 22, „ Andrew Maclean, junr., . St udent. s. Nov. 20, „ 1858 »» » William Maclean, . s. »» J» 1859 William Broadfoot, s. »» >> 1800 William Moses, Ironfounder. s. »» »» 1801 »» »i Robert Moses, s. »J »» 1802 » William Boyd, ,» Str. »» >» 1803 >> ?» George Mackay, Chief Constable, Lanark- shire. Str. »» »» 1804 »> »' Thomas Tiernan, Merchant. Str. Oct. 5, 1859. 1805 »» j» Francis Gibb Dougall. Banker. Str. April 27, 1848. 1800 Dec. 22, „ Archd. Connal Stevenson, Glass Bottle Manufr. Str. Dec. 21, 1869. 1867 . . William Mathison, . Writer. Str. Sept, 8, 1854. 1868 »» »» John Gourlay, Accountant. S. Dec. 21, 1809. 1869 , ,, Archd. Stirling M'Farlane, Smith. s. »» >» 1870 »» »» Hugh Cameron, Engineer. s. »» »» 1871 Feb. 15, 1870. William Leckie Ewing M'Lean, Forgemaster. Str. Feb. 15, 1870. 1872 »» »» David Kinghorn, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. »» »l 1873 ,, John Steel, Merchant. S. Nov. 29, 1809. 1874 July 4, „ Alexander M'Queen, Governor of Dundee Prison. S.L. April 4, 1870. 1875 ,, ,, John Maclaren Roger, Engineer. Str. June 8, „ 1876 „ James Govan, Merchant. S. July 4, „ 1877 Oct. 10, „ James Gray, . Smith. Str. Sept. 20, „ 1878 »» »» William Mills, . . I Slater. Str. »» »> 1879 Oct. 24, „ David Fulton, Engraver to Calico Printers. Str. Oct. 24, „ 1880 Dec. 14, „ John Napier, . . . | 9 Woodside Place. S. • Dec. 13, „ APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 329 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class Date of Burgess Ticket. Janies Langmuir Napier, Student. S. Dec. 13, 187C Robert Chrystal, junr.. Wine, Merchant. s. Charles Wilson, junr., »» s. John Ferguson, junr., Apprentice Shipbuilder. s. ," George Paterson, Student. s. . John Hamilton, Shipbuilder. s. . " James Hamilton, junr., . Ship Draughtsman. s. > » Andrew M'Unie, junr., Student. 8. William M'Onie, junr., Engineer. s. Archibald Gilchrist, junr., Student. 8. Robert Barclay Curie, >j S. , " Robert Killoch Donald, . s. > James Harvey Steel, 1 s. » »> William Graham Taylor, . [ Goldsmith and Jeweller. S.L. Archibald Walker, . Distiller. Str. John Dodd, . 1 Ale and Porter Merchant. Str. 1 ',', James Brown, Timber Merchant. Str. Aug. 26, 18G8. Robert Wilson, Engineer. Str. Dec. 13, 1870. James Macgregor, . Wood Measurer. Str. James Smith, Engineer. Str. Walter M'Farlane, . Calico Printer. Str. John M'Adam, Str. John Paterson Smith, Civil Engineer. Str. ,, Benjamin Conner, . Locomotive Engineer. Str. Alexander Smith, . Engineer. Str. James Donald, Str. Robert Law, . Ironfounder. Str. Feb.' 22, 1871. Alexander Law, f> Str. John Wilson, Tube Manufacturer. Str. „ David Thomson Maclay, . Writer. Str. II ,, Gordon Smith, ,, Str. William Chalmers, . Ironmonger. Str. „ Thomas Blackwood, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. Jt ,, Robert Gow Watson, Student. S. ,, Thomas Allan, junr., Ironfounder. S. n James Greenshields Leadbetter, Plumber, etc. s. N Hugh Kennedy, Wright and Contractor. Str. Aug. 26, 1854. Ross Alexander Ferguson, Mercantile Clerk. S. Mar. 16, 1871. James Gray Lawrie, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. Aug. 22, „ James Buchanan, . Fish Hook Manufacturer. Str. ,, William Wylie, Iron Tube Manufacturer. Str. »» David M'Nutt, Shipbroker and Comn. Mer. S.L. M William Connell, Plumber and Brassfounder. Str. June 19, 1844. James Anderson Snell, Merchant. Str. Aug. 22, 1871. John R. Cassels, Ironmaster. s. Aug. 23, „ Robert Cassels, junr., s. || Peter Wilson Cassels, Student, s. II » Thomas Manwell, . Eden Cottage, Pollokshields. s. Aug. 3, „ Alfred Manwell, »» ,, s. tt ?» David Gilchrist, Accountant. S.L. I* II Hugh Mitchell Fyfe, Ship Chandler. s. Aug. 23, „ ' James Taylor, Heddle Manufacturer. Str. Sept. 21, „ Thomas Russell, Ironfounder. S. Dec. 12, „ Peter Wood MacOnie, Bruce Road, Pollokshields. S. ( , ,, John Montgomerie Napier, No. 1a Fitzroy Sq., London. S. ii ,, Thomas (Greenshields) Leadbetter, Hillside, BothweU. S. ?» ,, James Caldwell, Engineer. S. Sept. 5, 1855. Colin Campbell, Iron and Steel Merchant. Str. Dec. 12, 1871. Thomas Baker, Tube Manufacturer. Str. M II James MacLellan Blair, . Engineer. Str. Dec. 13, „ 1881 Dec. 14, 1870, 1882 1883 »» »* 1884 1885 1886 J» II 1887 1888 1889 II »» 1890 1891 1892 1893 11 l» 1894 1895 •» 1896 fJ 1897 1898 II II 1899 1900 1901 J» J» 1902 1903 1904 1905 n 1906 II 1907 Feb. 22, 1871, 1908 1909 11 »» 1910 »* »» 1911 »> »» 1912 s» »» 1913 »l ?» 1914 J> »» 1915 »» »* 1916 »* »» 1917 » »» 1918 May 3, „ 1919 Aug. 23, „ 1920 II »l 1921 1922 „ 1923 »» »» 1924 »» II 1925 11 »» 1926 1927 :y t* 1928 II i> 1929 1930 »» ») 1931 1) II 1932 Oct. 4, „ 1933 Dec. 13, „ 1934 »» »» 1935 ** »» 1936 If »> 1937 1* »» 1938 »> II 1939 »> •» 1940 »» »> 22 33° THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 1941 Dec. 13, 1871. William Wilson, Warehouseman. Str. Nov. 5, 1863. 1942 tt it James Marshall, Ironfounder. Str. Dec. 12, 1871. 1943 it »t Dugald Butler, Mrrchanl . Str. Oct. 25, „ 1944 Feb. 14, 1872, Robert Mitchel, junr., Veterinary Surgeon. S. Feb. 13, 1872. 1945 II It William Robertson Smith, Mercantile Clerk. S. »» »> 1946 Matthew Gemmel Wilson, Student. S. »» »» 1947 David Donald, »» S. n »» 1948 II tl William Wylie, junr., Iron Tube Manufacturer. S. ti »» 1949 George Brown, Engineer. Str. >> »» 1950 William Wilson, Engineer and Boilermaker. Str. *» i» 1951 II II George William Jaffrey, . Engineer. Str. »» » 1952 „ John Turnbull, Cashier, City Bank. Str. »» »» 1953 George MacLellan Blair, . Iron Merchant. Str. »» »» 1954 ,, ,, Archibald Browning Drysdale, . Warehouseman. S.L. Feb. 8, „ 1955 II It Andrew Shaw, Ironmonger. Str. Feb. 13, „ 1956 t* tl John Dixon, . Auctioneer. S. it »» 1957 11 1) John Wyse Mackie Chrystal, Shipping Agent. S. tt tt 1958 Mar. 27, „ Robert Murdoch, junr., . Student. s. Mar. 26, „ 1959 »> » James Robert Stewart, . Jeweller. s. tt tt 1960 ., , Neil Adshead, Stationer. s. tt it 1961 »» Robert Gourlay, Manufacturer. s. Sept. 24, 1862. 1962 »» n Walter Brock, Engineer. Str. Mar. 27, 1872. 1963 S George Gray, Writer. Str. Jan. 30, „ 1964 1 William Forrest, Engineer. Str. Mar. 26, „ 1965 ! James Cairns Kay, »» S. »» »» 1966 May 22, „ Thomas Wingate, . Engineer and Shipbuilder. S. May 22, „ 1967 Paterson Wingate, . »» »» S. tt tt 1968 J Alexander Harvey Morro Jamieson, . 22 Carlton Place. S. tt tt 1969 n >» James Buchanan Mirrlees, Engineer. S. Nov. 6, 1862. 1970 »» »» Robert Dundas, Civil Engineer. S.L. May 22, 1872. 1971 »» >» John Marshall, Iron Tube Manufacturer. Str. »» »» 1972 Alex. Moffatt, Merchant and Shipowner. Str. tt tt 1973 Anderson Kirkwood, Doctor of Laws, Writer. Str. ti tt 1974 »* »> John Jamieson, Fishcurer. Str. ti tt 1975 »i m John Lamont, Merchant. Str. it it 1976 Robert Lamb, Baker. Str. tt it 1977 H Robert Hunter, Tailor. Str. Mar. 14, 1861. 1978 i* John Burnet, Architect. Str. Dec. 9, 1868. 1979 ,, , John Meiry Forrester, 114 Bath Street. S. May 22, 1872. 1980 Aug. 12, „ William Henry Hill, Writer. Str. Aug. 22, 1861. 1981 tl 11 Andrew Hoggan, >» Str. Sept. 6, 1866. 1982 ,, ,, Andrew Hoggan, junr., . Civil Engineer. S. Aug. 1, 1872. 1983 „ ,, George Bradbury Hoggan, Writer. s. »» It 1984 ,, ,, Robert Laidlaw, Ironfounder. s. Aug. 9, „ 1985 ,, ,, William Fraser, Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. tt tt 1986 tl it Robert Baldie, Architect. Str. tt tt 1987 Sept, 12, „ David Davidson, Ironfounder. Str. Sept. 11, „ 1988 ,, ,, William Boyd, junr., ,, S. it tt 1989 ,, ,, James William Paterson, Residing at Springhalt. S. tt tt 1990 „ •* George Strang, Watch and Clock Maker. S. Aug. 14, „ 1991 • » ,, Alexander Mein, Glass Bottle Manufr. Str. Sept. 12, „ 1992 Oct. 7, ., James Bain, . Merchant. Str. Nov. 4, 1863. 1993 »> »» James Lawrie, n Str. Oct. 5, 1872. 1994 James Forrester, Metal Broker. Str. Oct. 4, „ 1995 David Campbell Paton, . Merchant. S.L. tt tt 1996 »> »» Jolin Shiell Kay, Student. S. it ti 1997 ,, „ James Young Grandison Young, 105 Hill Street. s. tt tt 1998 >» »» James Steel, . Student. s. t» t» APPENDIX TO ROOK I. 33i No. Date of Entry. Karae. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 1999 Oct. 7, 1872, Alexander Young Steel, . s. Oct. 4, 1872. 2000 Nov. 27, „ Hugh Macpherson Lead- better, Hillside, Bothwell. s. Nov. 26, „ 2001 II II Lewis Potter Muirhead, . Goldsmith. s. » 2002 II II Edward Stanley Paterson, Residing at Springhall. s. 11 ,» 2003 »» Thomas Leburn Arnott, . Merchant. S.L. 2004 »l II Grahame Hardie Thomson, Iron Merchant. S.L. ,. n 2005 II *» James Johnstone, . Merchant. S.L. » 2006 II l» James Earl Douglas, S.L. .. »» 2007 II 11 Ebenezer Millen, M.A., Teacher. S.L. ,, ,» 2008 II I* James Boyd, . Writer. S.L. »» »» 2009 II 11 John M'Kenzie, Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. »» >> 2010 II II Duncan Keith, Auctioneer and Valuator. Str. 1* *i 2011 II 11 William Ramsay, . Ironmonger. Str. Sept. 16, 1845. 2012 Mar. 17, 1873, Archibald Russell, . Student. S. Mar. 17, 1873. 2013 II II William Black Stewart, . Engineer. S. 2014 II II Alexander Wood, . Cashier. S. », 2015 II II John Clark Alexander, Student. s. t» II 2016 it 11 Forrester Alexander, »» s. »» »» 2017 II II Hugh Neilson, Ironmaster. s. »» »» 2018 II II Archibald Gilchrist Gibb, Merchant. S.L. 2019 »» 11 Charles Henry Alston, Engineer and Ironfounder. Str. »» »» 2020 »* II John Hendrie, Coalmaster. Str. 2021 11 11 Andrew Miller, Cashier. Str. » » 2022 »» 11 David Corss Glen, . Engineer. Str. 19 ft 2023 II ft Robert Asheton Napier, . Engineer, etc. S. Feb.' 9, 1871. 2024 11 11 John Watson, Student. S. Mar. 17, 1873. 2025 Thomas William Watson, J; S. >i 2026 11 11 Archibald Walker, junr., . >, S. 99 It 2027 11 11 James George Walker, », S. 11 11 2028 II 11 Thomas Smart Blyth, „ S. 2029 11 11 Alexander Mackenzie, Upholsterer. Str. Aug." 7, 1844. 2030 April 23, „ Walter Neilson, Ironmaster. S. April 22, 1873. 2031 „ „ George Erskine Darling, . Coalmaster. s. 11 11 2032 »» » John Darling, ,, s. »» l» 2033 « » Robert MacLaren, junr., . Student. s. 2034 »» *» George Sheriff, junr., Merchant. s. 11 91 2035 n »» Samuel Francis Forrester, Student. s. 2036 »» »» James Neilson, Of Biggar Park. Str. Dec." 1, 1842. 2037 »» »» Ebenezer Kemp, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. April 23, 1873. 2038 July 23, „ John Neilson, Ironmaster. S. July 11, „ 2039 11 11 James Neilson, ,» S. 2040 »» ») William Stirling, Joiner. S. July" 22, "„ 2041 »» »» William Taylor, Surgeon Dentist. A. June 6, „ 2042 »» J» James Hendry, Saddler. Str. July 15, „ 2043 *» William Falconer Donaldson, Ship and Insurance Broker. S. July 11, ., 2044 »» >» Alexander Marshal], Wright and Builder. Str. Aug. 18, 1865. 2045 Sept. 10, „ • Andrew Barker Kelley, . Watchmaker. S. Aug. 12, 1873. 2046 »» »» George Scott MacLellan, . Ironmonger. S. II II 2047 »» 5» John Rae, Plate Glass Merchant. S.L. II II 2048 »» »» William Kier, Glass Stainer. Str. 2049 »» »» Hugh Wallace, Engineer and Boilermaker. Str. II II 2050 » *» John Arthur, junr., Grain Miller. Str. Sept. 28, 1863. 2051 »> II William Stevenson, Str. Ang. 12, 1873. 2052 Alexander M'Ouat, Slate Merchant. Str. » ,. 2053 »J »» John Norman, Engineer and Millwright. Str. Aug. 13, !, 2054 »> »» James Boucher, Architect. Str. Aug. 22, „ 2055 »» »» James Clow MacEwan, Cashier, Phoenix Iron Works. Str. 2056 Oct. 7, „ David M'Gregor, Calico Printer. Str. Aug." 29, !'. 2057 Oct. 21, „ Joseph Andrew Wylie, Student. S. Oct. 20, „ 2058 u » Patrick Brown Russell, . 11 S. || II 332 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. 2059 Oct. 21, 1873, 2060 »» 2061 ,, 2002 „ 2003 ,, 2064 ,, 2005 ,, 2066 „ 2067 „ 2068 Nov. 19, „ 2069 ,, 2070 „ 2071 »» 2072 ,, 2073 »» 2074 »» 2075 »» 2076 >» 2077 »» 207 8 Jan. 21, 1874, 2079 »» 2080 ,, 2081 >» 2082 »> 2083 »» 2084 J» 2085 )» 2086 >> 2087 »» 2HSS »> 2089 »» 2090 ,, 2091 >» 2092 „ 2093 ,, 2094 „ 2095 ,, 2096 ,, 2097 tf 2098 » 2099 >» 2100 ,, 2101 Mar. 24, „ 2102 „ 2103 »» 2104 „ 2105 , 2106 ,. 2107 2108 tl 2109 n 2110 .. 2111 ., 2112 April 29, f , 2113 „ 2114 „ 2115 July 2 2116 » ,, 2117 Aug. 26, „ Narae. James Stewart, John M'Lean M'Kendriok, Robert Summers Stronaoh William Murdoch, . I);i\ id Brown, William Metcalfe, . James Cook, . James M'Gowan, scnr., John M'Farlane, James M'Farlane, . James M'Gowan, junr., Thomas Jackson, Robert Jackson, John Watt, . Robert Robertson, . John Thomson Hornsby, Christopher Cairns, Alexander Christie, Duncan Stewart, Robert Cowan Marshall, David Marshall, Samuel M'Culloeh Morison, William Woodhouse Pritchard, . John Stevenson, James Robertson, . Andrew Denny Tolmie, Alexander Smith M'Dougall, . Thomas Paterson Miller, William Craig Murdoch, John Spencer, Alexander Easton, . Archibald Gillies, . John Miller, . James Hamilton, John Sneddon, Alexander Osborne, Robert Gardner, William Raniage, . James Birrell, Malcolm Colquhoun Thomson, . Richard Kerr Miller, William Napier, Peter Hurll, . Walter Neilson, John Neilson, Robert M'Farlane, . James Spencer, William Watson Steuart, Daniel Robertson Gardner Henry Brock, David Rowan, David Richmond, . Hazelton Robson Robson, Robert Tweedie Middleton, Alexander Marshall Brown George Wilson, Thomas Weir, Edward John Scott, William Keir, Occupation. Class. Slate Merchant. Engineer. Banker. Commission Merchant. Coalmaster. House Factor. Brassfounder. Manufacturer. Baker. Student. Merchant. Accountant. Calenderer. Banker. Manager, Etna Foundry. Brickmaker and Builder. Ironfounder. Brassfounder. Engineer. Iron Tube Manufacturer. Engineer. Slater and Slate Manufr. Student. Saddler. Iron Merchant. Cabinetmaker. Turkey Red Dyer. Book-keeper. Ironmaster. Manufacturer. Cattle Salesman. Writer. Coalmaster. Merchant. Jeweller. Engineers' Ironmonger. Coppersmith. Merchant. Engineer. Wine and Spirit Merchant. Fire-brick Manufacturer. Ironfounder. ,, 28 Napiershall Street. Iron and Coal Master. Merchant. Wine and Spirit Merchant. Turkey Red Dyer. Mechanical Engineer. Iron Tube Manufr. Engineer. Merchant. Writer. Shoe Manufacturer. Blacksmith. Date of Burgess Ticket. s. S. Star. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. S. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S.L. S.L. S. S.L. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. Str. S. s. s. s. s. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. S. Oct. 21, Oct." 20, 1873. May 7, Aug. 12, Aug. 15, Nov. 19, Nov." 18, 1872. 1867. 1872. 1873. Jan. 15, Jan." 19, 1874. Jan. 15, Jan. Jan. 20, 19, Nov. 22, 1873. Jan. 15, 1874. Jan. 19, „ Oct. 30, 1862. Jan. 20, 1874. Jan. 19, „ Jan. 20, „ Sept. 19, 1872. Mar. 24, 1874. April 28, July 1, „ Nov. 8, 187H Aug. 6, 1874.' APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 333 Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. I [ass. Date of Burgess Ticket. 2118 Aug. 26, 1874, 2119 f] 2120 »» 2121 Oct. " 7, „ 2122 " 2123 n 2124 2125 2126 n „ 2127 .. ii 2128 »» »» 2129 Oct. 27, 2130 Jan. 28, 1875, 2131 2132 2133 " 2134 2135 2136 2137 n 2138 „ 2139 2140 2141 April 15, »» 2142 2143 ». 2144 2145 2146 2147 9 lift ii - 1 i 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 " 9 2155 2156 2157 »» 2158 2159 2160 2161 »» 2162 2163 July 8, •■ 2164 2165 2166 " 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 " 2172 2173 2174 ',', Malcolm M'Ewan, . Finlay Smith, John Smith, . Walter Macfarlane, jnnr, James MTnnes, Duncan M'Pherson, Michael Aitken, Robert Drumrnond, Robert Drumrnond, juni John Broadfoot Drum mond, Peter Ferguson, Charles Brown Aikman, Thomas Sinclair, William John Armstrong, Thomas Porter, Robert Fulton, Thomas Campbell Kemp, William Robertson, John Anderson, Howard Bowser, Thomas Smart, Archibald Tennent, Robert Ferguson, . James Robertson Morrison William Morrison, . Robert Leechmau Morrison, . James Cowan Wyper, Henry Bruce, Robert Donaldson, David Henderson, . William Henderson, Archibald Stewart, . Robert Porter, Hugh Christie Paterson, Alexander Whitelaw, David Tullis, . Peter Macfarlane, . John Taylor Gardner, John Morrison Swan, Alexander Archibald Tennent, Thomas Archibald Tennent, William Spencer, junr., Matthew Wallace, . Matthew Wallace Robertson, . Robert Blackie, John Bell Millar, . Robert M'Connell, . William Duncan, Alexander Steel, Henry Bell Wesley Steel, Charles Wilson Steel, William M'Geoch, junr., Andrew Jackson M'Geoch, Henry Milnes Rait, Frederick David Rait, Daniel Riddell, James Morris Gale, Tobacco Importer. Tobacco Manufacturer. Ironfounder. Merchant. Ironfounder. »* Jeweller and Silversmith. 9 Elmgrove Place. 9 Elmgrove Place. Brush Manufacturer. Writer. i» Iron Merchant, etc. Merchant. Ironfounder. Manager, Wellpark Brewery Cashier, Wellpark Brewery. Cellarman. Ironfounder. Clothworker. Land Agent. Brush Manufacturer. Clerk. Engineer. Civil Engineer. Wholesale Stationer. Commission Merchant. Iron Merchant. Engineer and Shipbuilder. »» i» Cabinetmaker and Upholsterer. Watchmaker and Jeweller. Merchant. Of Gartshore, M.P. Leather Merchant. Goldsmith. Jeweller. Timber Merchant. Accountant. Watchmaker and Jeweller. Coalmaster. Student. Publisher. Merchant. Bleacher. Merchant. Modeller. Architect. Student. Ironmonger. ii Engineer. Goldsmith and Jeweller. Grain Merchant. Civil Engineer. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. S. S. Str. S.L. s. S.L. A. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. S. s. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. S. s. s. s. s. Str. s. S.L. S. Str. Str. S. s. s. s. s. s. s. S.L. Str. Dec. 3, 1868. Aug. 26, 1874. Oct, 6, Nov. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. 29, Dec. 10, 5, 1846. 26, 1874. 13, „ 10, „ Dec. Dec. 14, 10, April 21, 1862. Jan. 28, 1875. Feb. 6, 1845. July 6, 1860. Mar. 28, 1866. Aug. 9, 1872. Mar. 18, 1864. April 18, 1854. April 14, 1875. April 1 5, April 14. April 15, April 14, Mar. 2, April 14, April 26, 1844. July 6, 1875. Dec. 26, 1870. S.-pt. 7, 1871. July 6, ]>'■'<. June, 9, July 6, 334 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. ; Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 2175 July 8 1875, William Forsyth, Ironfounder. Str. July 6, 1875. 2170 1» 11 John Ritchie Miller, », Str. 11 )1 2177 11 1» Alexanders-Donaldson, Iron Merchant. Str. 11 >) 2178 11 11 St. John Vincent Day, Civil Engineer. Str. 11 11 2179 ») 1» Thomas Laurie, Decorator and Fine Art Dealer. Str. 11 »! 2180 11 11 Robert Rowat, Win- Worker. Str. 1) »1 2181 Aug. 24, „ Allan Jackson, Clerk to Blackie & Son. St r. July 13, „ 2182 1» tt Richard Robert ( Ir.-uit, Engineer. Str. Aug. 24, „ 2183 ,, „ Henry Jack, . „ Str. »» >! 2184 11 11 James Robertson, . Wine Merchant. S.L. 1) 1» 2185 11 11 David Bell, Cashier, R. Napier it Sons. S.L. 11 11 2186 ,, ,, John Ewing Walker, Of Dhalling Athor, Kirn. S. 11 >) 2187 Sept. 14, „ William Duff Lawrie, Decorator arid Fine Art Dealer. s. Sept. 14, „ 2188 Oct. 25, „ William MuiTay, Dyer. S.L. Nov. 10, 1800. 2189 Dec. 1, „ Thomas Reid, ,, s. Nov. 8, „ 2190 ., , James Reid, . ,, s. Sept. 8, 1873. 2191 »» n William Mathie, Tailor and Clothier. Str. Dec. 4, 1808. 2192 »» »» James Grant, Mason and Builder. Str. Aug. 22, 1842. 2193 11 11 Jolm Chalmers, Baker. Str. Nov. 8, 1805. 2194 11 11 James Robb, . Banker. Str. Sept. 6, 1842. 2195 11 11 Robert Whyte, Upholsterer. Str. June 20, 1863. 2190 » )l George Burn Young, Writer. S.L. Dec. 1, 1875. 2197 *» '» James M'Intosh, Manuf act urer. Str. Oct. 11, 1870. 2198 »» 11 Thomas Rentou, Plasterer. S. Mar. 2, 1855. 2199 l» li James Shaw, . Accountant. Str. Dec. 1, 1875. 2200 n n Alexander M'Intosh, Yarn Agent. Str. Fel). 10, „ 2201 William Millar, Merchant. Str. Feb. 20, 1863. 2202 »i ') Archibald Orr Ewing, ,, Str. Oct. 6, 1804. 2203 n d David Thomson Boyd, Str. Dec. 1, 1875. 2204 , ( leorge Edward, Goldsmith and Jeweller. Str. >» »» 2205 11 )i John Leslie, . Warehouseman and Manufr. Str. 11 11 2200 Peter Hutchison, Shipowner. Str. 11 »» 2207 » James Wright, City Calendering, etc., Works. Str. 11 11 2208 James Millar, Blacksmith. Str. 11 11 2209 1» 11 Robert Downie, Accountant. Str. 11 11 2210 James Butters, Flesher. Str. 11 11 2211 Alexander Davidson, Coach Proprietor. Str. 11 11 2212 fJ John Mowat, . Wholesale Grocer. Str. Oct. 26, „ 2213 Robert M'Culloch, . Accountant. Str. May 14, 1808. 2214 William Ure, . 1 ruufounder. Str. Nov. 3, 1875. 2215 11 11 John Ancell, . Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. Dec. 1, „ 2210 ,, ,, Andrew Dougans, . Wholesale Ironmonger. Str. Feb. 26, 1868. 2217 11 11 Andrew Dougars, junr., . »» »» S. Dec. 1, 1875. 2218 11 11 David Young Dougans, . ,, ,, S. 11 11 2219 Peter Forbes, Writer. s. 11 11 2220 >, Thomas Handley, . Trunk and Portmanteau Maker. s. 11 11 2221 ,, ,» James Handley, ,, ,, s. 11 11 2222 William Stevenson, junr., Grain Miller. s. 11 11 2223 ,, ,, John Henry Bowie, House Painter. s. 11 11 2224 Robert Gardner, Jeweller. s. !» 11 2225 David Ritchie Alexander, Student. s. 11 11 2220 „ „ i John M'Ouat, 129 Grafton Terrace. s. 1) 11 2227 „ „ Matthew Wallace M'Ouat, ,, ,, s. 11 11 2228 ,, ,, i John Herkless, M.A.. Student of Medicine. s. 11 J! 2229 „ „ Charles David Thomas, . 1 Grafton Square. s. 11 11 2230 „ „ ''William Wallace, . Coalmaster. s. 11 J! 2231 „ „ | John Wallace, ,, s. 11 11 2232 » James Wallace, ♦» s. 11 11 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 335 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 2233 Dec. 1, 1875, Alexander Wallace, Student of Medicine. s. Dec. 1, 1875. 2234 *» »» Alexander Frew, Student. S. » 2235 )» »» William Salmon Frew, 105 Hill Street, Garnethill. 8. ," 2236 >» „ Russell Forrester Ferguson . Engineer. S. »» j, 2237 »» »» James Buchanan, . Blacksmith. s. Nov. 16, „ 2238 »» »» John David Napier, Engineer. s. Dec. 1, „ 2239 »» »> Alexander Phillips, Wholesale Grocer. S.L. 2240 »» »» John Rankin, Saddler. Str. Sept." 17, 1869. 2241 J» i» James Yuill, . Saddlers' Ironmonger. Str. Sept. 18, 1856. 2242 »l 99 James Morrison, Auctioneer. Str. Oct. 15, 1867. 2243 »» »» Daniel Brown, Confectioner. Str. Mar. 11, 1868. 2244 )> )» Francis Watson, Baker. Str. Nov. 3, 1859. 2245 »» »» Alexander Campbell, Steamboat Owner. Str. Dec. 1, 1875. 2246 ,, ,, Henry Grierson, Manufacturer. Str. Nov. 5, 1873. 2247 Feb. 9, 1876, Henry Campbell- Bannerman, Merchant. Str. Feb. 9, 1876. 2248 »j it David Wallace, Ironmaster. Str. 2249 u >» James Reid, . Engineer. Str. >> >» 2250 >» )» James Jenkins, Iron and Commission Merchant. Str. >> »» 2251 >» >* Hugh Caldwell, Jeweller. Str. »» >» 2252 »> »» Richard Davern Samuels, Painter- Grainer. Str. 2253 »» »» James Dick, . Tinsmith and Gasfitter. A. » !. 2254 j» »» James Dick, . ■Surgical Instrument Maker. S. »> ,» 2255 >> »> James Alexander Duncan, Merchant. s. Dec. 21, 1875. 2256 »» *i Robert Duncan, Engineer. s. »» »» 2257 Mar. 29, „ James Elder, . Civil Engineer. Str. Mar. 29, 1876. 2258 May 11, „ James Gilfillan, Marble Cutter. Str. Sept. 16, 1864. 2259 Aug. 16, „ James Caird, . Plasterer. Str. Mar. 28, 1876. 2260 »» ty William M'Culloch, Wholesale Grocer. Str. Aug. 15, „ 2261 JJ » Alexander Smith, . House Painter and Decorator. Str. it tr 2262 j» >» James Wallace, Surgeon Dentist. Str. )» it 2263 »> »» Alexander Hamilton, Of A. G. Hunter & Co., Hatters. Str. »> »» 2264 Aug. 31, „ John Stewart, Engineer. Str. Aug. 30, „ 2265 »> ») James Herriot, Machine Maker. S. Feb. 4, 1875. 2266 »» J» John Herriot, ,, S. » 2267 »» J» Robert M'llwraith, Commercial Traveller. S.L. 2268 »» »> James M'Call Gordon, » „ S.L. ,. 2269 Oct. 4, „ James King, . Merchant. Str. Sept! 11, 1874. 2270 »» »> James M'Intosh, Currier and Leather Mercht. S. Oct. 3, 1876. 2271 Oct. 24, „ Benjamin Bateman, Iron Merchant. Str. Oct. 23, „ 2272 », », Alexander Campbell Hunter, Measurer. Str. 2273 »» ,, William Logan, Property Valuator, etc. Str. 99 t> 2274 ,, ,, David Campbell, Mechanical Engineer. Str. Sept, 21, „ 2275 »> ,, Robert Fleming Macduff Wilson, Stockbroker. S. Oct, 23, „ 2276 »» ,) George Mathieson Wilson, Warehouseman. S. ,, ,, 2277 ,, ,, Kenneth Wilson, Carpet Weaver. s. ,» ,, 2278 »» ,, Percy Wilson, Student s. 2279 >» >» John Fisher, . S. „ 2280 >» ,, Henry Bruce, junr., Insurance Agent. s. Feb. 13. 1S73. 2281 >» ,, Thomas Galloway, . Wine Merchant. Str. June 12, 1876. 2282 »» ,, William Jenkins Carswell, Chartered Aocountant. Str. Fel). 3, 1874. 2283 Dec. 6, „ James Duncan, Merchant. S. Dec. 5, 1876. 2284 >> ,, Donald M'Lennan, . Tea Merchant, etc. S. 2285 >» », David Laidlaw, Engineer and Ironfounder. s. »» »» 2286 »» i> Thomas Kennedy Laidlaw, Student. s. if »» 2287 »> »» John Finlay Maclaren, »» s. »» »t 33^ THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. I ];i - 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2290 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 231G 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 Dec. 6, 1876, Jan. 30, 1877, Robert Law, . John Law, .lames Porteous Scott, Jonathan Thomson, John Hardie, . James Aitken, James Lilburn, James Dewar, Henry William Pickering, James Fergus, George Hutcheson Wallace. John Robertson, William MacLcan, . William M'Lean, junr., David MacLean, Rev. Ebenezer MacLeau James Wilson, James Parnie, John Wallace, Robert Stout, John Scott Stout, . Robert Stobo, Samuel Macfarlane, James Lilburn Macfarlane James Henderson, . George Laird, John Findlay, Richard Greenshields Ro John Young, junr., John Lennox Lumsden, Daniel Macleod Nelson, James Hunter Christie, John Lamb, . John Clark, . John Bell, Andrew Maxwell, John Sibbald M'Intyre, Duncan M'C'orkindale, Hugh Henry Galloway, Ninian Johnston, . Alexander M'Cnrquodalc. John Thomson, John Edgar Poynter, John Frederic Bateman, James Brand, Robert M'llwraith, John Cuninghame, . Thomas Newton Arm- strong, John Sutherland, Meinhard Erast Robinow Andrew Stewart, James Stewart, Robert Easton, James Thompson, . James Clark Bunten, James Campbell Kemp, John Henderson, junr., Ironfounder. Student. Iron Merchant. Merchant. Shipowner. Wholesale Wine and Spirit Merchant. Clothier. Iron Merchant. Stockbroker. Coachbuilder. \ rnuntaii! , etc. Minister of Free Church. W T est India Merchant. Accountant. Pork Butcher. Boot and Shoemaker. ,, ,, Property Agent, etc. Merchant. Engineer. Wright and Builder. Wright and Cabinetmaker. Wright and Contractor. Engineer. Coalmaster. Shipbuilder. Contracting Engineer. Engineer. Wright. Hotel-keeper. Draper. Iron Merchant. Coal Master. Baker. Writer. Cashier. Commercial Traveller. Ironfounder. Merchant. Civil Engineer. Merchant. Iron Master. Iron Merchant, Shipowner, [ron Merchant. Tube Manufacturer. Chartered Accountant. i !enl. Goods Manr., Cal. Ry. Coy. Machine Maker and Iron Founder. Merchant. Engineer and Shipbuilder. s. s. Str. Str. Str. Str. St r. Str. Str. Str. Str. A. Str. S. S. S. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. Str. Str. S. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. S. Date of Burgess Ticket. Dec. 5, 1876. Nov. Dec. April Jan. Jan. Feb." Oct. Sept. Oct. Dec. Oct. Oct. Dec. May Sept. Dec. Nov. Dec. 22. „ 5, ,, 27, 1855. 30, 1860. 19, 1865. 4, 1875. 19, 1872. 4, 1874. 10, 1870. 5, „ 31, „ 19, 1808. 5, 1876. 14, 1859. 1, 1864. 4, 1868. 9, 1805. 5, 1870. Aug. 11,1873. Dec. 5, 1870. Jan." 30, 1877. Dec. Jan. 2, 1875. 30, 1877. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 337 No. Date of Entry. 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 Jan. 30, 1877, Mar. 30, April' 9, May 3, June 18, Aug. 27, Sept. 7, Oct. 4, Oct, 26, Dec. 21, „ Name. Occupation. Andrew Piteairn Henderson, George Corsan Steel, John Dickson Steel, Archibald Dickson Steel, John Law, Matthew Andrew Muir, James Hay, . Robert Alexander Bogue, John Fleming, John Munro, . James Young, Robert Alexander Cruikshank, Francis James Cruikshanks, James Brown Cruikshanks, James Rae, Charles James Menzies, Thomas Stobo, John Hodge, junr., William Hannington Menzies, John Charles Cuninghame Daniel Macarthur, . James Salmon, John Abercromby Bruce. Andrew Brown, James Brown, George Munro, Robert Walker, Alexander Cochran, John Stuart, . Aulay Bain, . Charles Henderson, Samuel Meuros M'Call, Thomas William Jowitt, Thomas Steven, John Bunten Buchanan, , John M'Lachlan, i James Law, . j John Barker, John Ruddach Barker, Peter Marshall, William M'Call, Wallace Wright, ; John M'Lav, . Finlay Bell", . James Paterson Cassels, William Collins, William Pearce, Samuel Dow, Younger, John White, . Edward Rushton Coulborn, James Black, William Douglas, . Andrew Thomson, . John George Kinghorn, Student. Si.ringbank, Stirling. Pinkston Ironworks. Machine Maker and Iron- founder. Shipping and Forwarding Agent. Tailor and Clothier. Merchant. Grain Merchant. Merchant. 63 Moray Place, W. Cum- berland Street. Flesher. Master Mariner. Portioner. Draper. Master Mariner. Of Craigends, Ironmaster. English and Mercantile Teacher. Architect. 80 Buccleuch Street, Tinsmith. Draughtsman. Manufacturing Chemist. Cabinetmaker. Blacksmith. Engineer. Iron and Metal Merchant. Wright and Builder. Steel Manufacturer. Ironfounder. Machine Maker. Butcher. Pinkston Iron Works. Brush Manufacturer. Wright and Builder. Accountant. Flesher. Doctor of Medicine. Publisher. Engineer and Suipbuilder. Wine Merchant. Doctor of Medicine. Engineer. Assay Master. Sailmaker. Clerk. Lloyds Surveyor, Liverpool. S. s. s. s. s. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. S. S. s. s. s. s. S.L. S. Str. Str. Str. S. S. s. s. S.L. S.L. S. S.L. Str. S.L. Str. Str. A. S.L. ,^. Str. S. S. Str. Str. Str. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. A. S. S. s. Date of Burgess Ticket. Jan. 30, 1877. Oct. 3, 1848. Aug. 15, 1871. Aug. 28, 1845. Jan. 30, 1877. Mar. 23, 1864. Oct, 24, 1870. Aug. 28, 1873. May Dec. Mar. Feb. Feb. 6, 1874. 13, 1876. 29, 1877. 1, „ 20, „ April 4, May 3, Nov. Jan. April Mar. May Jan. April June 5, 1800. 8, 1877. 26, „ 15, ',', 3, „ 10, „ 8, 1873. 18, 1877. Aug. 27, Mar. Aug. July Sept. June Sept. Feb. April Dec. Oct, 16, 1876. 27, 1877. 29, 1870. 11, 1863. 9, 1868. 19, 1822. 22, 1847. 10, 1877. 2, 1868. 26, 1877. Dec. 21, JJ"- THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. j:!'.p'.i Dec. 21, 1877, William Alexander Kinghorn, . Insurance Agent's Clerk. S. Dec. 21, 1877 2400 David James Kinghorn, . Banker's Clerk. s. * 99 2401 ,, John Macdonald Ross, Railway Contractor. Str. , „ 2402 »» »» David ('roll, . Engineer, Str. , 1) 2403 »» »» Robert M'Nab, Tin-plate Worker. Str. Nov. 14, „ 2404 James Robson, Teacher of Music. Str. Sept- 3, 1869. 2405 »J »» Robert Alexander Bryden, Architect. S.L. June 2, 1876. 2406 Feb. 27, 1878, George Rodger, Cabinetmaker. Str. Feb. 26, 1878. 2407 April 26, „ Robert Gibson, Commission Merchant. S.L. April 26, „ 2408 *» »» Alexander George Brand, ,, S.L. » 99 2409 David Brand, junr., ,, ,, S.L. * t» 2410 James Rennie Geddes, Glass Bottle Manufacturer. S.L. „ 2411 99 >) James Alexander Bruce, . Paper Maker. S. Feb.' 14, „ 2412 Andrew Malloch Bayne, . Glass Merchant. S.L. Oct. 25, 1870. 2413 .Juno" 28, ,' Peter Denny, Shipbuilder. Str. June 27, 1878. 2414 , William Simpson, . Metal Broker. Str. , ► »» 2415 Hugh Steven, Ironfounder. Str. * » »» 2416 >» »> Charles Wilson, Wholesale Ironmonger. Str. , t *» 2417 John Jex Long, Timber Merchant, etc. Str. Sept. 5, 1876. 2418 Aug. 28, „ James Paul, . Painter and Paint Manufr. Str. Aug. 28, 1878. 2419 'J »> Robert Mansel, Shipbuilder. Str. »» >> 2420 )J »» Alexander Steven, . Engineer. Str. , > » 2421 John Alexander Steven, . , S. 9 ,» 2422 Daniel Campbell, Blacksmith. S. Aug. 27, „ 2423 William Adam Man well, . Eden Cottage, Pollokshields. S. Aug. 21, „ 2424 William Blackburn Craig, Merchant. Str. May 1, 1867. 2425 Peter Steven, Engineer. Str. Nov. 28, 1876. 2426 Sept. 11, „ Archibald Douglas Bryce- Douglas, ,, Str. Sept. 11, 1878. 2427 Andrew Steven, Crownpoint Flour-Mills. Str. Sept. 10, 1850. 2428 » jj James Thomson, Architect. Str. Sept. 18, 1872. 2429 Oct. 2, „ William M'Dougall, Baker, Cook, and Confec- tioner. Str. Oct. 2, 1878. 2430 Dugald Drummond, Engineer. Str. ) J> 2431 »> Duncan Cameron Taylor, Commission Agent. S.L. J J» 2432 Oct. 29, „ John Waterson Young, . Student. S. Oct. 28, „ 2433 John Rowland Broadfoot, 7 Bentinck Street. s. 9 »> 2434 M )» James M' Arthur Hamilton, Greenvalc, Dumbarton. s. »» 2435 l» ») Angus Alexander Hamilton, ,, ,, s. f J> 2436 )» J* Alexander Henry Green- wood Hamilton, . s. 9 1» 2437 William Caldwell, . 6 Parkgrove Terrace. s. t M 2438 •» )> James Caldwell, junr., », ,, s. * )> 2430 ?» 99 Alexander Phillips, Ironmonger. s. 9 n 2440 »» )> Duncan M'Gregor, . Nautical Instrument Maker. Str. » j» 2441 M „ Malcolm M'NcU Walker, . ,, ,, Str. »» 2442 James Wink, . Accountant. Str. tt 2443 , James Copeland, Engineer. Str. Oct. 29, „ 2444 )» »» William Muir, ,, Str. 9 „ 2445 )) *» Hugh Muir, . ,, S. 1 99 2446 William Guilford, . Restaurateur. Str. Oct. 28 2447 George M'Farlane, . Engineer. Str. Oct. 29, „ 2448 Dec. 11, „ Lord Colin Campbell, M.P. for Argyllshire. Str. Dec. U, „ 2449 ,, „ William Hugh Smyth, Merchant. Str. Dec. 4, „ 2450 Hugh Love, . Manufacturer. Str. Deo. 11, „ 2451 „ „ Joseph Turnbull Adam, . Iron Merchant. Str. t n 2452 ,, ,, Andrew Reid Brand, Shipping Agent. Str. 9 tt 2453 Andrew Rintoul, Merchant. Str. 9 99 2454 !) John Neilson, Iron and Steel Merchant. S. 2455 n »» James Alexander Mahony, Chemist. S. 9 *J APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 339 Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 2456 Dec. 11, 1878, William Robertson Cop- land Civil Engineer. Str. Aug. 30, 1866. 2457 Feb. 5, 1879, William Clark, Ironfounder. Str. Feb. 5, 1879. 2458 Feb. 26, „ James Thomas M'Closkey, Metal Broker. Str. Feb. 26, „ 2459 James Hardie, Shipowner. Str. , If 2460 Andrew Buchanan, Wholesale Confectioner. Str. , J» 2461 Arthur Burns, Confectioner. Str. Jan. 16, „ 2462 Alexander Carnegie Kirk, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. Feb. 20, „ 2463 James Stewart, 18 Windsor Ter., Glasgow. S. » ,, 2464 John Howat Stewart, ,, >, S. 1 ,, 2465 David Adam Smith, Engineer. Str. Aug. 8, 1878. 2466 George Smeaton Rodger, Merchant. Str. Nov. 18, 1875. 2467 James Cowan Woodburn, Doctor of Medicine, etc. S.L. June 17, 1864. 2468 Alexander Morison, Commercial Traveller. S.L. June 12, 1878. 2469 May 7, „ Robert James Bennett, . House Painter and Decorator. S. Oct. 20, 1874. 2470 David M'Culloch Buchanan, Woollen Warehouseman. s. May 7, 1879. 2471 John Yuile Buchanan, Draper. s. , )» 2472 Bennet Bruce Burle\', Tool Maker. S.L. , »» 2473 John Wesley Pettigrew, . Dispensing Chemist. S.L. , J» 2474 Alexander Thomson, Coal Master. Str. , »» 2475 June 11, „ George Weir, . Engineer. Str. June 11, „ 2476 James Wen - , . ,, Str. » 11 2477 Richard Hughes, Cashier. Str. , ») 2478 James Brown, Optician. Str. » »» 2479 Alexander Peden Killin, . Auctioneer. S.L. , »» 2480 John Brown, . Teacher of Music, s. Nov. 12, 1878. 2481 Daniel Brown, junr., Restaurateur. S. » »» 2482 David Robertson Brown, ,, s. , »» 2483 Francis Hamilton Brown, Chemist. s. , „ 2484 Aug." 27, ',', George Blan-, Iron and Metal Merchant. Str. Aug. 27, 1S79. 2485 Archibald Pearson, Doctor of Medicine. Str. ) >» 2486 Charles Christison Bone, . Civil Engineer. Str. J „ 2487 James Neilson, Reed maker. S. , »» 2488 David Edward, Goldsmith and Jeweller. S. 7 »» 2489 William Fulton, Leather Merchant. Str. Sept. 14, 1844. 2490 Sept. 10, „ Thomas Jowitt, Rock Rise, Pitsmoor, Sheffield. S. Sept. 10, 1879. 2491 Robert Imrie, Engine Fitter and Mechanic. S. , »» 2492 John Broadfoot Milne, Cashier, Clyde Paper Mills. S.L. » ?J 2493 Sept." 30, ", John Turnbull, junr., Consulting Engineer. S. Sept. 30, „ 2494 Oct. 27, „ James Clinkskill, junr., Merchant . S. Oct, 27, „ 2495 Archibald Robertson, Grain Merchant. s. Oct. 14, „ 2496 James Hay Dickie, Tea Merchant and Grocer. S.L. Oct. 27, „ 2497 Dec." 3, " Charles Tennant, Of the Glen, M.P. for Glasgow. Str. Dec. 3, „ 2498 George Crichton, Ironfounder. Str. i »» 2499 James Bremner Herbert- son, .... Iron Merchant. Str. » »» 2500 Robert Hutchison, . Auctioneer. S. , »» 2501 James Cunningham, Commercial Traveller. S.L. Aug. 20, 1873. 2502 William Meikle Gcmmell, Clerk. S.L. Aug. 10, 1ST''. 2503 William Forrest Salmon, . Architect. S. Nov. 28, 1877. 2504 Jan." 12, 1880, James Todd Stewart, Wine Merchant. S.L. Jan. 12, 1880. 2505 Feb. 27, „ Frederick James Hallows, Gen. Man. Scot. Com. Insc. Co. Manufacturing Chemist. Str. Feb. 27, „ 2506 »» )» Andrew M'Donald, S.L. 1 " 2507 May 17, „ Robert Barclay Shaw, Wright and Builder. S.L. Aug. 11, 1875. 2508 . Donald M'Gillvray Mills, . Dry Salter. S. May 15, 1880. 2509 Aug. 3, „ William Arrol, Engineer. Str. Aug. 3, „ 2510 ») »J Thomas Arthur Arrol, ,, Str. f *> 2511 Sept. 7, „ James M'Ewan, Ironfounder. Str. Sept. *>» „ 34Q THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 2512 Sept. 7, 1880, .lames Law, junr., . Ironfounder. Str. Sept. 6, 1880. 2513 »» »» David Lindsay, »» Str. » »» 2514 »» ft James Ban, . Engineer. Str. t >» 2515 »» >) James Low, . Writer. Str. »» 2516 »» <» John Keil Tullis, Leather Merchant, Sir. * >» 2517 ft »» John Thomson, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. ) t» 251S >» >* James Maelntyre Thomson, ,, ,, Sir. , M 2519 »» If William Lorimer, Engineer. Str. * »» 2520 »> »» James Smith, Ironfounder, etc. Str. , »» 2521 *» »» James Brown Smith, Ironfounder. S. » »» 2522 ,, „ Charles M'Neil, Smith. Str. » *» 2523 »» •) Archibald M'Neil, . Teacher. S. * »» 2524 ., John M'Neil, . Engineer. S. 2525 ,. - Charles M'Neil, junr., Smith. S. 2520 John Gardiner Muir, Machine Maker and Iron- S. » >» founder. 2527 »* »> Matthew Andrew Muir, . Ironfounder. s. ♦ » 2528 »» »» James Thomson Tullis, . Leather Merchant. Str. Aug. 15, 1872. 2529 Oct, 5, „ John Anderson M'Callum, Coalmaster. Str. Oct. 5, 1880. 2530 „ Warden Robertson Max- well, .... Str. »» *» 2531 ,, ,, Thomas Armstrong, 2 Boswell Terrace. S. » j* 2532 ,, ,, Samuel Armstrong, Student. S. » ,, 2533 »» ft James Shaw Maclaren, ,, S. » ii 2534 »» James Muir Galloway, 41 Scott Street, Garnet hill. s. » ii 2535 Henry Stewart, Engineer. s. » f t 2536 >» »» John Joseph Thomson, Hat and Cap Manufacturer. S.L. Dec' 18, 1879. 2537 Oct. 25, „ Alexander Davie, Wholesale Ironmonger. June 25, 1873. 2538 Lewis MacLellan, . Oil Merchant. Str. Aug. 29, 1861. 2539 Peter Harrower, Chemist and Druggist. Str. April 3, 1875. 2540 Thomas Kennedy, . Engineer and Meter Manufr. Str. Oct. 25, 1880. 2541 Robert Marshall, Cannel Coal Merchant. Str. »l >» 2542 James Campbell, Merchant. Str. ft »• 2543 William Burrell, Steamship Broker. Str. It »> 2544 George Burrell, ,, S. *» »» 2545 Adam Guthrie Burrell, Engineer. S. »» t* 2546 William Burrell, junr., Steamship Broker. s. »» >» 2547 Patrick Macindoe Boyd, . Cashier, Blythswood Foundry. s. ft *» 2548 William Thomson, . Clerk. s. »» ft 2549 William Chrystal, . Stockbroker. s. ft ft 2550 Henry Blair, . 2 Lilybank Terrace. s. ft »» 2551 Dec." 23, "„ John Latta, . Iron Merchant and Engineer Str. Dec. 23, „ 2552 George Farquharson, Supt. Cal. Ry. Central Station. Str. J» »» 2553 William Brown, Accountant and Stockbroker Str. ft >» 2554 James Mowbray Kinghorn, Railway Manager's Assistant. Str. " 2555 William MacKinnon, Chartered Accountant. Str. »» »' 2556 Dugald M'Corkmdale, Clydesdale Ironworks. S. Dec. 7, „ 2557 Joseph Findlay, Merchant. S.L. Dec. 23, „ 2558 Mar." 21, 1881, Thomas Potter, General Ironmonger. Str. Aug. 13, 1873. 2559 Thomas Newton Whitelaw, Soap Manufacturer. S. Mar. 21, 1881. 2500 James Cochran, junr., Salesman. S. If it 2561 May 18, „ William Anderson Donaldson, Iron Merchant. Str. May 18, „ 2562 Michael Ewing, Engineer. Str. ft »» 2563 John Angus Macdonald, . Book-keeper. S.L. „ „ 2564 Thomas Muir, Letterpress Printer. S. May 13, 1880. 2565 John Dansken, Measurer, etc. Str. Feb. 3, „ 2566 July" 12, ',', John Ure, Crown Flour Mills. Str. Nov. 5, 1850. 2567 Matthew Fairley, . Merchant. Str. May 7, 1844. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 34i No. 2568 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 2584 2585 2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 Date of Entry. July 12, 1881, Aug." 22, Sept. 7, Oct. 5, »» >» Oct. " 26, Feb." 1, 1882, »» April" 19, July" 5, Aug." 18, Sept. 8, Oct. 4, Oct. 23, Dec. 18, „ Name. Occupation. Class James Muir, junr., . William Jacks, Gregor Drummond, Robert Smith Barbour John Mathieson, John Thomson, William Taylor, George Miller, James Gardner, Daniel Duncan, David Barr, . John Fulton Miller Robert Miller, Thomas Hodgson Miller, Charles Miller, David John Dunlop, Alexander Mathieson Kinghorn, . Robert Ewing Kinghorn, Albert James Kinghorn, Alexander Stephen, James Miller, John MacEwan, Henry Ward Little, James Alexander Walker Charles William Dallas, William Blair Barton, William Cumming Craig, John MTntyre Shaw, William Shaw, James Falconer, William Glen Henderson, John Lang Bell Thomas Reid Bell . Thomas Martin Aitken, Edmond Baird Paterson, William Gilchrist Crichton, . Robert Imrie Coventry, James M'Kinlay, James Bennie, junr., William Alexander, William Ferguson, . John Alexander Ferguson, John Gordon, Henry William Wrangham Pickering, . David Boyd, . James Daly, junr., . William Gemmill, . Thomas Cochrane Guthrie, Alexander Marshall Hay, John M'Naught, William Murdoch, . Andrew Innes, Alexander Sutherland Mathieson, . William Smith, Tinsmith, etc Iron Merchant. Victoria Square, Stilling. Grain Merchant. Supt. G. & S. W. Ry. Line. Engineer. Master Mariner. Rivet Manufacturer. Watchmaker. Shipowner, etc. Writer. Engineer. Apprentice Engineer. Wellesley Place, Sandyford, Glasgow. Engineer and Shipbuilder. Medical Student. Student. ,, Shipbuilder. Iron Forger. 8 Rosslyn Ter., Kelvinside. Shipowner. Bellh anger. Provision Merchant. Rope and Sail Maker. Manager at P. & W. MacLellan's. Ironmonger. Glazier. Engineer and Shipbuilder. Flesher. Engineer. Writer. Glass Merchant. Tinsmith and Gasfitter. Dealer in Horses. Engineer and Ironfounder. Government Inspector of Mines. Merchant, Hobart, Tas- mania. Soap Manufacturer, etc. Brassfounder. Warehouseman. Accountant. Merchant. Writer. Shipowner. Steamship Owner. Blacksmith. Engineer. Spirit Merchant. Tool Manufacturer. Tinsmith. Date of Burgess Ticket S. s. s. Str. Str. S. S.L. Str. (5, Str. Str. s. s. s. s. s. s. Str. Str. S. s. Str. Str. S. Str. S. S.L. Str. Str. S. Str. S. Str. Sir. S. S. S. s. Str. Sept. 6, „ June 10, 1881. July 12, Aug. 19, Aug. 14, Aug. 19, Feb." 8, I860. Aug. 19, 1881. 1, „ 3, „ Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug. 31, „ Feb. 7, 1848. Sept. Oct. 5, 1881. 3, Sept. 7, „ Sept. 10, 1880. Oct. 25, 1881. Julv 20, Dec. 23, Aug. 12, 1879. Oct. 19, 1872. April. 19, 1882. July 4, „ June 28, 1881. July 4, 1882. S. S. April 6, 1877. S. June 6, 1882. S. Aug. 17, S. Sept. 8, S. Oct. 3, S.L. Str. S. Feb. 10, 1880. Str. j Feb. 15, 1375. Str. Oct. 21, 1882. S.I , S. Dee. 16, 342 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 2U22 Dec. 18, 1882, Lewis MacLellan, junr., . Oil Merchant. S. Dec. 10, 1882. 2023 )» »» James Alexander Rich- mond, Broompark, Pollokshields. S. * »» 2024 Mar. 29, 1883, Walter Thomas MacLellan, Shipowner. s. Mar. 23, 1883. 2025 J» >> William Turner MacLellan, Engineer. s. > »» 2020 »» »» Andrew Miller, ,, Str. , ,, 2H27 »» »» .YivhiliaM .lai-li .on, Engine keeper. S.L. , »» 2028 May 22, „ William King, Engineer. Str. May 2 (> 2029 »» >» Richard Ramage, . Shipbuilder and Engineer. Str. M »» 2030 *> y* Alexander Anderson, Tinsmith. S. , „ 2031 ii »* David Skinner Miller, Merchant. S.L. Oct. 3, 1881. 2032 July 10, „ Hamilton Brandon M'Dougell, Commercial Traveller. S.L. July 10, 1883. 2033 Nov. 10, „ James Wyper, Wine Merchant. Str. Nov. 15, „ 2034 Alexander Blair, Shipowner. Str. Sept. 10, „ 2035 Thomas Mills Wilson, Merchant. Str. Nov. 15, „ 2030 Robert Duncan, Ironfounder and Engineer. Str. . „ 2037 Thomas Ferguson, . Engineer and Boilermaker. Str. ,, ,, 2038 Moses Hunter, Grain Merchant. S.L. Sept. 3, 1872. 2039 Thomas Lockhart, . Painter and Grainer. S.L. Aug. 22, 1870. 2040 William Herries Maitland, Stationer. S.L. Nov. 15, 1883. 2041 Richard Brown, Writer. S.L. „ 2042 John Ramsay Metcalfe, . House Factor. S. ,, »» 2043 Archibald Robinson Henderson, Coachbuilder. s. t$ 2044 *' WilliamSutherland Hunter, Grain Merchant. s. Sept." 3, 1872. 2045 John England Hunter, », s. ■■ ft 2040 Moses Alfred Hunter, Clerk. S. July 27, 1877. 2047 George Frederick Hunter, ,, s. ,. ,, 2048 Angus Sutherland, . Plumber and Gasfitter. s. Nov. 15, 1883. 2049 Archibald Stewart, junr., 18 Windsor Terrace. s. ,, ,, 2050 Not." 22, ',', Robert M'Connell, junr., . Bleacher. s. July 27, 1882. 2051 Dec. 20, „ Peter Quin, . Contractor. Str. Feb. 15, 1881. 2052 Alexander Brownlce, Ship Ironmonger, etc. Str. Dec. 19, 1883. 2053 James Gray, . Wholesale Hat and Cap Manufacturer. Str. Nov. 1, 1879. 2054 Andrew Bain Morris, Metal Merchant. S. Dec. 19, 1883. 2055 John Allan Stewart, Jeweller. s. tJ 1f 2050 John Campbell, Coppersmith. S. >» ,, 2057 William Allison Thompson, Teacher. S.L. Dec. 8, „ 2058 Mar." 0, 1884, Andrew Maclean, . Secretary to John Elder & Co. Iron Merchant. Str. Mar. 5, 1884. 2059 Ebenezer Douglas Dunlop, Str. »» »» 2000 James Graham Jenkins, . Iron and Commission Merch. S. >» »» 2001 David Richard Kinghorn, Greenlawn, Roekferry, Cheshire. S. »» 2002 John Belch, . Retired Merchant. S. Feb. 16, 1876. 2003 Thomas Wingate Wilson, Engineer. S. Mar. 5, 1884. 2004 William Davie, Ironmonger. S. sj „ 2005 Alexander Jaffray Davie, ,, S. ,, n 2000 James Hay, . Sheriff Clerk Depute, Dundee. S.L. »» »» 2007 Hugh Fames Smyth, Banker. S.L. Feb. 10, 1870. 2008 George Breen, Merchant (Italian Consul). S.L. Mar. 5, 1884. 2009 Charles Smith, Shirt Manufacturer. S.L. Mar. 6, „ 2070 May 1, „ John Taylor, . Commission Merchant. S.L. April 30, „ 2071 July 10, „ William Gilflllan, . Marble Cutter. S. Sept. 10, 1872. 2072 Oct. 27, „ John Bennie, Engineer. Str. Oct. 27, 1884. 2073 »» »» George Murray, Iron Merchant. S.L. ,, »» 2074 Nov. 21, „ John Downie, senr., Horse Shoer (Retired). S. Nov. 21, „ 2075 Patrick Falconer, Jewel Case Maker. s. April 22, 1875. 2070 Dec. 22, „ Francis M'Kean, Coal Merchant. Str. Dec. 22, 1884. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 343 No. Date of Entry. Dec. 22, 1884, Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 2677 John Black, . Tobacco Manufacturer. S.L. Dec. 22, 1884. 2678 John Downie, Solicitor. S. Nov. 21, „ 2679 Arthur Thomas Scott, Manufacturer. S. Dec. 22, „ 2680 Walter Scott, Merchant. s. 2681 David Alexander Blair, Rosebank, Pollokshields. s. 2682 James Barton Blair, >» »» s. n 2683 Thomas Bonnar Hardie, . Engineer. s. tt 2684 Henry Scott, . Restaurateur. s. 91 2685 Gavin Scott, . 10 Holyrood Crescent. s. 2686 John William Spence, Dry Salter. s. Nov. 1. " 2687 John Hoggan, Stockbroker. s. Feb. 21, 1883. 2688 Feb." 5, 1885, John MaeLennan, . Iron Merchant. Str. Feb. 5, 1885. 2689 Robert M'Nish, Tea Merchant. Str. May 19, 1880. 2690 Andrew Heggie Simpson, Coal Master. Str. Jan. 28, 1885. 2691 Oliphant Williamson, Stockbroker, London. S.L. ,, 2692 Charles MacDonald Williamson, Writer. S.L. n 2693 John Ure, Ironfounder. S. Feb. 5, ',', 2694 John Phillips, junr., Ironmonger. s. i) 2695 April' 10, ',', William Cassels, Iron Merchant. Str. April 8, ',', 2696 Hugh Howie, „ Str. »» 2697 John Macmillan Robertson, Writer. Str. 2698 John Gillespie, Ironmonger. Str. ,, 2699 William Paton Buchan, . Plumber and Gasfitter. Str. May 10, 1875. 2700 Edward Primrose, . Tinsmith. S. April 8, 1885. 2701 John Graham, Linen Warehouseman. S.L. 2702 Sept." 7, ',', John Ca9sellg, Paint Manufacturer, etc. Str. Sept. 7, „ 2703 „ John M'Knight Campbell, Shipbroker. Str. Jan. 28, 1884. 2704 Archibald M'Nicol, Engine Fitter. S. Sept. 7, 1885. 2705 Sept." 29, " Archibald M'Neil Allardyce, . Silver Engraver. S. Dec. 28, 1883. 2706 ,, „ David Valentine Wyllie, . Architect. S.L. July 27, 1882. 2707 Oct. 26, „ David Colville, Steel and Iron Manufacturer. Str. Oct. 26, 1885. 2708 John Fergusson, junr., 42 Hill Street, Garnethill. S. ») Jl 2709 Andrew Whyte Ure, Ironfounder. S. H 2710 Dee." 10, " James Anderson, Mechanical Engineer. Str. Dec. 9, ',', 2711 John Steven, . Brassfounder. Str. 2712 David Christie Hamilton, Superintendent Engineer. Str. ,, »» 2713 Anthony Inglis, Medical Student. S. „ M 2714 James Denny Inglis, Arts Student. S. . . 2715 James Denny Hamilton, . 22 Athole Gardens. S. 2716 Alexander Brown Drummond, Victoria Square, Stirling. s. 2717 William Broadfoot Drummond, r> it S. 2718 William Adshead, . Stationer. s. „ 2719 Dugald Cameron, . Blacksmith. S. ,, 2720 Jan." 26, 1886, James Brown Adshead, . Clerk, Royal Bk. of Scotland. s. Jan. 25, 1886. 2721 Osbert Henderson, . Ironmonger. S. Nov. 28, 1885. 2722 Alexander Robinson Henderson, Coaehbuilder. S. »» 2723 Robert Howie, Iron Merchant. s. Jan. 25, 1886. 2724 Andrew Matthew Miller, . Clerk. s. ft 2725 William Robert Muir, Shipbroker. s. >» »• 2726 John Sheriff, . Merchant. s. 2727 April" 13, ", Robert Denny, Smith and Bellhanger. Str. April 13, ',', 2728 James M'Lennan, . Wholesale Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. Sept. 13, 1883. 2729 John Potter, . Brickmaker and Builder. Str. Oct. 31, 1876. 2730 James Rowan, Engineer. S. April 12, 1880. 2731 John Guthrie Smith, Writer. S. Mar. 10, „ 344 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 2732 April 13, 1886, William Johnstone, Silver Engraver and Designer. S. April 12, 1886. 27153 ») »> John Shaw Craig, . Paint Manufacturer. S.L. Feb. 3, „ 2734 ,, „ William Pitt Fullerton, . Writer. S.L. April 12, „ 273.". *t »» John Hutchcson, Insurance Broker. S.L. Dec. 8, 1884. 2736 May 26, „ William Hon ie, Sugar Merchant. Str. May 26, 1880. 2737 »» Duncan Campbell, Engineer. Str. >» II 2738 »» »' Alexander Monro, Clerk. S. »» )> 2739 »• V James M'Ewen, Iron Merchant. S. ,, J» 2740 John Scott, junr.. Clerk. s. tt »» 2741 »» John .Mann, junr., Chartered Accountant. s. n ,, 2742 »» Basil Jackson, ■ Teacher. s. »» If 2743 » David Waddell Buchan, . Plumber and Sanitary Engineer. s. May 10, „ 2744 II ») George Baton Wallace Buchan, Clerk. s. tt »» 2745 j» it Alexander Stewart Buchan, Tinsmith. s. 2746 »» >» Robert Lockhart Bryden, Apprentice at Law. s. Sept. 2, 1885. 2747 , ( Henry Lauder, Yarn Merchant. S.L. Sept. 29, 1884. 2748 tt >» James Thomas Moore, Doctor of Medicine. S.L. Mar. 23, 1886. 2749 July 14, „ Hugh Archibald M'Lean, Manager, etc., Wellpark Brewery. Str. July 14, „ 2750 »» »> William White, Timber Measurer. Str. Mar. 20, 1884. 2751 It tt James Cant, . ,, Str. ,, „ 2752 »» tt John Hamilton, Ironmonger. Str. July 14, 1886. 2753 tt It Benjamin Baterson, Cabinetmaker. Str. May 28, 1879. 2754 - >( William Kier, junr.. Glass Stainer. S. July 14, 1886. 2755 William Robert Sewell, Doctor of Medicine. S.L. tt 2750 Sept. 1, „ Robert Livingston, Brassfounder. Str. Aug. 31, „ 2757 »» tJ James Ferguson, Wright. Str. Dec. 15, 1883. 2758 »* II William Paterson, . Smith. S. Aug. 31, 1886. 2759 1) II James Maclay, Writer. S. n 2760 Andrew M'Lennan, Apprentice at Law. S. Sept. 22, 1885. 2761 ., James Bryce M'Lennan, . Dalcairnie, Follokshields. S. »» ft 2762 *» »» William M'Geoeh, tertius, Ironmonger. S. Aug. 31, 1886. 2763 Lauchlan Alexander M'Geoeh, . Inanda, Dalmuir. S. »» »» 2764 James Smith, Clerk. S. tt tt 2765 „ John Smith, . ,, S. „ .- 2766 ,, Henry Downs Taylor, Mercantile Clerk. S. ,, „ 2767 •• It James Taylor, ,, S. ii „ 2768 David Corse Glen, junr., . Engineer. S. tt ,, 2769 J» >» Thomas Ligktbody Galloway, . Glenlowrum, Bearsden. s. Sept. 1, „ 2770 Herbert John Watson, 8 Victoria Cres., Dowanhill. s. »» J» 2771 »» >» Henry Allan Watson, „ ,, s. tt tt 2772 tt >» Allan Macnab Watson, ,, ,, s. »» »» 2773 »» >t David Laidlaw Murdoch, Iron Merchant. s. tt 2774 John Steel Cassels, . Cairndhu, Follokshields. s. tt 2775 , ,, Duncan M'Corquodale, Flour Salesman. s. tt tt 2776 »> »» William M'Corquodale, Flour Miller. s. „ tt 2777 »» •> Donald M'Corquodale, Engineer. s. ,, II 2778 » Alexander M'Corquodale, 86 Maxwell Road, Follok- shields. s. tt II 2779 », ,, Norman M'Corquodale, . ,, »» s. n »» 2780 »» ,, Daniel M'Donald, . Foreman Tailor. S.L. Aug. 31, „ 2781 »> »» Rev. Andrew Morrison Brown, Free Church Minister. S.L. n »» 2782 „ f , John Henderson Strang, . Engineer. S.L. 2783 ,» ,, William Sturrock, . Watchmaker and Jeweller. S.L. >» tt 27S4 ,, ,, John Caird Barker, Commercial Traveller. S.L. 2785 ,» », Robert Douglas, Doctor of Medicine. S.L. Sept." 1, „ APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 345 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 2786 Sept. 1, 1886, Archibald Hamilton, junr., Grain and Flour Merchant. S.L. Mar. 10, 1873. 2787 Oct. 4, „ James Fergus, junr., . i Clerk, 5 Burnbank Gardens. S. Oct. 4, 1886. 2788 Oct. 25, „ Albert Lister Peace, Doctor of Music. S.L. Oct. 25, „ 2789 n David Wilson, Accountant. S. »» »» 2790 „ ,, John Anthony Inglis, Engineer and Shipbuilder. s. »* »» 2791 Patrick Macnab Inglis, ii i> s. »» ft 2792 » William Lochore Brown, . Writer. Str. Sept. 21, 1869. 2793 Dec." 20, „ Hugh Reid, Engineer. S. Dec. 20, 1880. 2794 .» .. Hugh M'Cormick, . Clerk, 074 Eglinton Street. S. >» »» 2795 William Darling, Coal Master. S. Mar. 30, 1881. 2790 » James Thomson Darling, Marino Insurance Broker. S. Dec. 20, 1880. 2797 Mar." 7, 1887, James MacCallum Cherrie, Iron and Steel Merchant. Str. Mar. 7, 1887. 2798 » Robert M'Intosh, . Leather Merchant. S. - ( , 2799 ., William Joseph Wilson, . Engineer and Boilermaker. S. »> »» 2800 » » James Gibson, Warehouseman. S.L. ») »» 2801 .. Allan Young, ji S.L. »» »» 2802 May 30, „ James Allan, . Wholesale Provision Mercht. S.L. May 3U, „ 2803 Sept. 5, „ Thomas Stewart, Iron Merchant. Str. June 10, „ 2804 Archibald Lang, Pig-iron Salesman. Str. Sept. 3, „ 2805 », George Anderson, . Telegraphist, P.O., Greenock S. ti tr 2806 .» d Archibald Gilchrist, Thornton Hall, Busby. s. »» »» 2807 John M'Auslan Gilchrist, . ,, ,, p. »» »» 2808 James Albert Gilchrist, . ii »> s. 2809 „ Robert Scott Miller, Greenoak Hill, Broomhouse. s. Sept." 5, ", 2810 ». .. John M'Gavin, Warehouseman. S.L. Sept. 3, „ 2811 Sept. 29, ., Charles Rankin M'Lean, . Physician. s. Sept. 29, „ 2812 , Hugh M'Lean, junr., Engineer. s. »» >» 2813 Dec. 19, .. James Littlejohn Potter, . Ironmonger, Melbourne. s. June 17, 1884. 2814 » ■• Henry Richmond Potter, Ironmonger. s. Dec. 19, 1887. 2815 Thomas Potter, junr., Overfield, Burnside. s. VI »» 2816 >. .. William Richmond Potter, ii ii s. »» »t 2817 n „ Matthew Hunter Potter, . i, ii s. »» »» 2818 George Laird Potter, ,1 ii s. »> »> 2819 » » Robert Fisher Alexander, Oil Merchant. s. Feb. 8, 1871. 2820 James Alexander, . s. »» M 2821 >i Rev. Archd. Browning D. Alexander, . U.P. Manse, Langbank. s. Nov. 1, 1882. 2822 » >» George Harley, Shipping Cleik. S.L. Deo. 19, 1887. 2823 Jan.' 20, 1888, Robert Barr, . Bonded Warehouse Proprietor. S.L. Jan. 20, 1888. 2824 April 19, „ Robert Young Robb, House Factor. s. Aug. 17, 1882. 2825 ., Thomas Bryden, Chemical Merchant. s. April 18, 1888. 2826 ■> .. George James Miller, Greenoakhill, Broomhouse. s. ii ii 2827 >» ■> James M'llwraith, . Canvas, etc., Manufr. S.L. ii ii 2828 i. .. William Stewart Ramsay, Manufacturer. S.L. Jan. 31, „ 2829 ., James Grant, Stockbroker. S. Oct. 31, 1883. 2830 June 26, ., Robert Nisbet, Ironfounder. Str. June 25, 1888. 2831 » Edwin Gibson Smith, Clifford Park, Stirling. S. ,, ,, 2832 George Wilson Smith, ii ii S. ii ii 2833 Robert Spencer Smith, ii ii S. ii ii 2834 Sept. 11, „ William Thomson Mitchell, Ironfounder, Falkirk. Str. Sept. 10, „ 2835 »» George Reid Ure, . Ironfounder, Bonnybridge. S.L. • • ii 2836 Robert Brown Smith, »i ii S. 1! II 2837 William Macadam Smith, ii ii S. II II 2838 »» »» John Davie, . Ironmonger. s. ■I II 2839 Oct. 23, „ William Gibb, City Cashier. S.L. Oct. 18, „ 2840 Dec. 19, „ William M'Nab, ■ Tinplate Worker. s. Nov. 20, „ 2841 » Alfred A. R, Clmkskill, . Mechanical Engineer. s. Dec. 19, „ 2842 » .. John Clark, . Public Analyst. S.L. •• ii 2843 Mar." 11, 1889, John Balleny Niven, ! Merchant. Str. Mar. 9, 1889. 2844 » Thomas W. L. Brown, Linnburn, Shandon. Str. >» »» 2845 >• i. George Wilson, Engineer. S. Mar. 11, „ n 34<3 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of \-,, l>;iw- of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. 2846 Mi 11,1889, Samuel Soott Tullis, Anchorage, Burnside. S. Jan. 26, 1883. 2847 »» »» John Tullis, . Glencairn, Burnside. S. Mar. 11, 1889. 2848 April 29, „ William More, Ironfounder. Str. April 29, „ 2849 „ •icorge Alexander Agnew, Shipbuilding Manager. Str. ,, ,, 2K.-X) .. „ • lames Gordon Rose, Hi vet Manufacturer. Str. ,, ■i 2851 .. William Bishop, Ironmonger. Str. ,, ,, » Edward John Thomson, . Glen Tower, Great Western Road. S. " »» 2853 ., James George Orr Thomson, . ,, ii S. »» >» 2854 James Rose, . 1 Brighton Terrace, Govan. S. 99 »» 2855 " «» Richmond Rose, ,1 ii S. 99 2856 ,, William Rennie, Bank Agent, Glasgow. S.L. It 2857 Alexander Rose, Ship Store Merchant. S.L. n 285S July S, ., Thomas Maxwell Grant, . Mechanical Engineer. Str. July 8, „ 2859 »» Thomas Bishop, Tinsmith. S. If ,. 2860 William Bishop, junr., Ironmonger. S. »» 2861 .» •■> William Parnie, 33 Lynedoch Street. S. May 2, „ 2862 »» »> Adam Bald MacLaren, Commission Agent. s. July 8, „ 2863 »» »» Alexander Hendry, Saddler. s. 2864 >• Malcolm Allan Andrew Hendry, 367 Duke Street. s. »» 2865 . George Ritchie Mather, . Doctor of Medicine. S.L. 2866 Sept. 12, „ Thomas M'Cosh, Writer. Str. Sept." U, .1 2867 »» ») James M'Ewan, Ironfounder. S. 99 2868 David M'Ewan, 16 Onslow Drive. S. ,, 2869 » .i Alexander Murdoch, Engineer, Deptford, London. S. 99 ,, 2870 Oct, 21, ., Guybon Hutson, Engineer. Str. Oct. 21, „ 2871 , Charles Broadfoot Connell, Shipbuilder. S.L. *» »J 2872 Dec. 16, „ James A. Donald, . Manager, Holzapfel & Co. Str. Dec. 10, „ 2873 »» •» Daniel Douglas Dove, Aerated Water Manufr. S. „ ,, 2874 ** *) Peter Aitkenhead Dove, . „ „ S. »» 2875 „ William Ramsay, junr., . Ironmonger. S. »» »» 2876 ,, ,, Archibald Cameron Wallace, Merchant. S.L. »» 99 2877 Mar. 13, I situ. Robert Carswell, Shipbuilder, Troon. Str. Mar. 13, 1890. 287 S ,, „ Robert Jeffray Douglas, . Sailmaker. S. Jan. 5, 1887. 2879 „ John Park Douglas, Ashlea, Bellahouston. s. »» »» L'ssn ., John Lang Macfarlano, . Biscuit Manufacturer. s. Jan. 8, „ 2881 ,, ,, James Douglas Hendry, . Bookseller, etc., Brisbane. s. Mar. 13, 1890. 2882 .. John Hendry, Blacksmith, New Jersey. s. ,, ,, 2883 .. Alex. Rose, junr., . The Rannoch, Thornton Hall. s. >» " 2884 ,, ,. Lewis Rose, . ii ii s. »» »» 2885 James Morton Rose, ii ii s. »» 2886 Arthur Osburne Rose, ,i ii s. ii »* 2887 May 12, ., William Shearer, Clothier. Str. Mar. 13, 1874. L'SSS » >» Andrew Eadie, Iron and Steel Tube Manufr. S. May 12, 1890. 2889 »» *• John Leiper Gemmill, Writer. S.L. »» »» 2890 • » " John Russell Mackay, Master Mariner. S.L. JJ 2891 July 31, .. Alexander Napier, . Fishing Rod Manufr. Str. July" 31, „ 2892 Thomas Watson, Plumber. Str. 2893 »» " Robert Wallace, Engineer. S. )» »» 2894 ,, Robert Henderson Ferguson, . Restaurateur. s. »» »» 2895 Sept. 4, .. Andrew M'Kenzie Rose, . The Rannoch, Thornton Hall. s. Sept. 4, „ 2896 ,, „ James Harper Mathieson, Machine and Tool Maker. s. »» 99 2897 ?» •» Thomas Ogilvie Mathieson, ,, ii s. »» >» 2898 ,, John Carmichael, Shipbuilder, Greenock. Str. , 2899 »> John M'Gregor Crasher, . Nut and Bolt Manufacturer. Str. (| »» 2900 Oct. 23, „ William Fleming Russell, Coal Master. Str. Mar. 16, 1887. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 347 No. Date of Entry. 2901 Dec 22, 1890, 2902 2903 2904 2905 „ 2906 2907 » „ 2908 2909 »» >» 2910 2911 2912 2913 Mar. 9, 1891, 2914 n s» 2915 *» »» 2916 ,, »» 2917 j» " 2918 »» »» 2919 >, 2920 2921 , 2922 2923 * »» 2924 * ,, 2925 » j» 2926 i »» 2927 2928 p „ 2929 May 18, „ 2930 » »» 2931 » «» 2932 2933 » •» 2934 Aug. 13, „ 2935 > 2930 2937 2938 , ., 2939 2940 . „ 2941 Oct.' 26, „ 2942 2943 Dec' ' H, " 2944 » ,, 2945 2946 > „ 2947 Feb.' 4, 1892, 2948 • »» 2949 P »» 2950 Mar. 22, „ 2951 2952 » »♦ 2953 2954 ► ,» Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. Alexander M'Dowall, William Howat, Robert Bisland Macouat, George Halley, John Macandrew Grant, Arthur Meehan, Henry Meehan, Samuel Meehan, Joseph Median, John George Kinghorn junr., Douglas Curtis Kinghorn. Henry Dyer, . William Porteous, . William Nicol, Thomas Burke, Arthur Meehan, junr., John Colville, John Fulton Miller, junr., James Mitchell, Walter Weir Mitchell, William Thomson Mitchell junr., James M'Connell Speirs, William Douglas, junr., Alfred Andrew Douglas, Jonathan Hosie, John Cardno Cowper Clark John Bryce Lyle, . William Martin, John Coventry, Archibald Watson, . John Somerville, John Wellwood, Samuel Macadam Carrick, John George Alexander Baird, George Richmond Mackenzie, William Clark, William Robertson, William Francis Robertson, John M'Kellar Robertson, Richard M'Farlane Innes, Henry Barr, . William Caldwell, . James Porter, James Macnaughton Rankin, Peden Stout, . John Anderson, Hugh Dunsmuir, John Cameron, John Boyd Wallace, Robert Brown Spence, Robert Harvey, John Laidlaw, James More, junr., . David Andrew Steven, Timber Merchant, Bolt and Rivet Maker. Bolt and Rivet Manufr. Rivet and Bolt Salesman. Managing Clerk, P. & W. MacLellan. Engineer. Doctor of Medicine. Ardoch, Prenton, Cheshire. ,» ,» M.A., D.Sc, Civil Engineer. Galvanizer. Cashier, W. & J. Bowie's. Engineer and Brassfounder. Doctor of Medicine. Steel Manufacturer. Greenoakhill, Broomhouse. Grahamston Foundry, Falkirk. Burnbrae, Falkirk. Apprentice Watchmaker. Ashlea, Bellahouston. ,, ,, 13 Minerva Street. Patternmaker. Cashier. Watchmaker and Jeweller. Tinsmith. Plumber. Provision Merchant. Clergyman, Drainie. Writer. Of Wellwood, Muirkirk. Wine Merchant. Iron and Steel Merchant. Shipowner. Oak Park, Mount Vernon. ,, ,, Engine Fitter. Writer. Watchmaker. Saddler. Glass Stainer. Blacksmith. Engineer and Boilermaker. Merchant and Shipowner. Average Adjuster. Engineer. Mechanical Engineer. Civil Engineer, Joiner. St.. Dec. 14, 1876. I Str. Dec. 18, 1871. St i . Nov. 7, 1883. Str. | Dec. 22, 1890. Str. Str. Mar. 14, 1884. S. S. S. S. s. S.L. Str. Str. Str. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. s. s. s. S.L. A. s. s. S.L. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. s. s. s. s. s. s. S.L. Str. Str. S.L. Str. Str. Str. S. s. May 13, 1889. Dec. 22, 1890. Mar." 9, 1891. May 13, 1889. Mar. 9, 1891. Jan. Feb.' Mar. 5, 2, 9, April 14, 1875. May 18, 1891. Aug. 12, „ Oct. 31, 1888. Aug. 12, 1891. Oct. 26, Sept. 5, 1855 Dec. 14. 1891 M »» Dec. 2, 1887. Dec. 14, 1891. Feb. 4, 1892. Dec. 11, 1889. Dec. 14, 1891. Mar. 21, 1892. 348 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Ho. 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960 29(51 2902 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 2995 2990 2997 2998 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3000 3007 Date of Entry. Mar. 22, 1892. June 7, Aug. 15, Sept. 5, i le irge William Macfarlane. William Smith, Hugh Osbourne Smith, Henry John Sillars Dubs, Colin Houston, Richard Barnwell, . John Ferguson, William jMenzies, Zechariah John Heys, John M'Lachlan, John James Thomson, John Steven, . Alexander Kay Steven, William Neilson Thomson. James Rodger Thomson junr., William Neilson, John Pearson Copland; William Robertson Cop land, junr., David Watson, William Watson, John M'Evvan Watson, David Colville, junr., George Edward, Walter Neilson, John Tullis, junr., . Adam Young Tullis, David Keil Tullis, . James Thomson Tullis, Henry Burrell, Thomas Stark Pati son, James Robertson, . James Arrol, . James Bell, . Andrew Kesson, James Menzies, Robert Penman, Adam Teacher, William Penman, . Robert Reid Penman, Alexander Penman, Alexander Murray Cope land, . George Thomson Neilson, William Neilson, James Louis Montague Neilson, Walter Gordon Neilson, Robert Thomson Neilson, James Porter, George Porter, William Martin Anderson, Malcolm Bernard Thomson William Templeton Fergusson, . George Guest, James Riley, . Occupation. Biscuit Manufacturer. Engineer. Mechanical Engineer. Engineer. U h ine Engineer. Shipbuilder and Engineer. Wholesale Wine and Spirit Merchant. Tube Maker. Calico Printer. Engineer. Iron Merchant. Ironfounder. Westmount, Montgomorie Drive. Engineer, Clydebank. 18 Woodside Crescent. Civil Engineer. Plumber. Ship Chandler. 3 Hampden Place, Mount Florida. Iron and Steel Manufr. Gold and Silversmith. Ironmaster. Tanner. Leather Merchant. Engineer. Shipowner. Iron and Steel Works. Fruiterer. Engineer. Shipowner. Engineer and Ironfounder. Tube Manufacturer. Master Boilermaker. Wholesale Wine and Spirit Merchant. Master Boilermaker. Engineer. Carfin Hall, Holytown. Brick Builder. 219 St.' Vincent Street. Clerk, Park, Inchinan. 28 Regent Park Square. Produce Merchant. Steel Coy. of Scotland. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. April 3, 1880. Mar. 21, 1892. S. S. s. s. Str. I June 0, Str. I May 20, 1891. Str. | Dec. 3, 1880. Str. Str. Str. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. s. s. s. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. S.L. Str. June 0, 1892. Aug. 0, 1889. Sept. 17, 1890. June 6, 1892. Sept. June Dec. 18, 1882. June 6, 1892. Aug. 15, „ Sept. 11, 1866. Aug. 15, 1892. Mar. 20, 1884. Aug." 15, 1892. J» »» »» >» Sept. 5, „ APPENDIX^TO BOOK I. 349 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. „, Date of Class.l Burgess Tlckc t . 3008 Sept. 5, 1892, Andrew Bain, Iron Manufacture]-. Str. Sept. 5, 1892. 3009 )» »> Stephen Alley, Engineer. Str. Sept. 6, „ 3010 Sept. 27, „ John Allan M'Lean, Railway Manager. ; s.L. Sept. 27, „ 3011 >. James Muir, . Manufacturer. S.I.. »» " 3012 Oct. 24, .', John King, Ironfounder. Str. Nov. 4, 1891. 3013 Dec. 12, „ William Morison, Engineer. St,. Dec. 12, 1892. 3014 Robert Sutherland, Distiller and Merchant. Str. May 11, 1S74. 3015 Dec." 12, ',', William Mackenzie Leslie, Civil Engineer. S. Dec. 12, 1892. 3016 Andrew Renfrew Clark, . Tin and Coppersmith. s. »» »» 3017 Charles Kincaid Clark, Writer. s. »» If 3018 , John Gilchrist Gray, Physician and Surgeon. s. !» >» 3019 ,, Angus Campbell, Solicitor. S.L. Oct. 21, L885. 3020 >> >> William Ross, Draper. S.L. Sept. 27, 1892. 3021 » Henry Holland Taylor, . Wine Merchant. S.L. Feb. 27, 1884. 3022 Feb. 27, 1893, James Lang, . Superintendent Engineer. Str. Feb. 27, 1893. 3023 „ „ James Russell Motion, Inspector of Poor, Barony. Str. J» It 3024 „ „ Arthur William Davidson, Shipping Clerk. i S - 77 >J 3025 !, », James Henry Martin, Watchmaker and Jeweller. S. »» J» 3026 April 18, „ Andrew Stevenson Biggart, Engineer and Contractor. Str. April 18, „ 3027 Thomas Biggart, Writer. 1 Str. )» »» 3028 John Graham, Grocer and Wine Merchant. Str. M >» 3029 ,, ,, Guybon Hutson, junr., Engineer. s. S» »» 3030 George Holms Laird, Wright and Cabinetmaker. s. Feb. 26, 1878. 3031 » >> Alexander MacKay, Wine Merchant. S.L. April 18, 1893. 3032 June 29, „ Archibald Kerr, Engineer and Ironfounder. Str. Aug. 21, 1891. 3033 „ „ Robert Smith Hamilton, Apprentice Engineer. s. June 29, 1893. 3034 Duncan M'Corkindale, Doctor of Medicine. S. »» >» 3035 Thomas Ross, Goldsmith. s. June 19, „ 3036 William Steven, Brassfounder. S. June 29, „ 3037 John Wilson Steven, Civil Engineer. s. »> »» 3038 „ George Brown, Naval Architect. S.L. »> tt 3039 Sept. 12, „ John Ritchie Richmond, . Engineer. Str. Sept. 11, „ 3040 ,, ,, George Scott Hendry, Plumber and Heating Engineer. Str. Mar. 23, 1891. 3041 „ „ Matthew Ban- Baird, Steel Manufacturer. Str. Feb. 22, 1884. 3042 „ „ David Yoolow Stewart, . 10 Buckingham Terrace. S. Sept. 11, 1893. 3043 ,» », William Fyfe, Ship Chandler. s. »» »» 3044 Peter Donaldson, Iron Merchant. s. >» II 3045 Charles M'Neil, Rosario, Dumbreck. s. »> »> 3046 ,, ',', John Alexander Warren, Civil Engineer. s. »» »» 3047 »» ,, George Ferguson, . Writer. s. ,, ,, 3048 ,, '» William Kennedy Laidlaw, Engineer. s. ■• 3049 Porteous Stewart Laidlaw, ,» s. H ♦» 3050 „ ,, Douglas Grant Laidlaw, . ,, s. )» 3051 ,, ,, John M'Ausland Denny, . Shipbuilder. s. >J J* 3052 ,, »» Archibald Denny, . ,, s. •» »» 3053 Henry William Brock, . ■ Engineer. s. »» )» 3064 „ „ James Gosland Mills, Drysalter. s. Sept. 8, „ 3055 „ John Gilkison Christie, Sugar Merchant. S.L. Sept. 11, „ 3056 Oct. 5, ", John Gunn, . Edge Tool Maker. s. Oct. 2, „ 3057 Oct. 23, „ Wingate Robertson Mann, Dickson & Mann, Ltd. Str. Oct. 23, „ 3058 „ Archibald Colville, . Iron and Steel Manulr. s. »» »» 3059 ,, >» Mungo Macdougal Graham,! Accountant and House Factor. s. Oct. 2, ., 3060 „ John Young, . . . 1 Manager of Corporation Tramways. S.L. Oct. 7, ,, 3061 Dec. 12, „ James Laird, . Cabinetmaker. Str. Dec. 11, „ 3062 ,» •» James Brownlee, Seaman. S. >» »» 3063 William Brownlee, . Ship Furnishing Ironmonger. s. i» it 3064 ,, ., Alexander Brownlee, junr., Ship Furnisher. s. »> >» 3065 William Anderson Donald, Iron Merchant. s. „ „ 3066 », ,, Peter Taylor Young, junr., i 13 Kew Terrace. s. Oct. 2, 1891. 350 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Sami . Occupation. Class. Burness Ticket. 3067 i Dec. 12, 1893, John Rankine, Provision Merchant. S.L. Dec. 11, 1893. 3008 „ ., James Baillie, Malt Merchant. S.L. Oct. 6, „ 3069 Feb. 26, 1894, Thomas White, Restaurateur. Sir. Feb. 26, 1894. 3070 „ „ William Fairbairn Russell, Merchant. Sir. ,, ,, 31171 „ „ James Murray, 1 ron Roof and Bridge Str. ,, ,, Builder. 3072 », »> Joseph Reid, . iron Merchant. Str. ,, ,, 3073 ,, ,, Melville 1 e.l.h.Ii I'eti 1 . . Manufacturer. Str. », »> 3074 ,. ,. Robert Lightbody Galloway, . Wine and Spirit Merchant. Str. ,» »> 3075 ,, ,, Robert Stevenson, . Lead Manufacturer, etc. Str. ,, »» 3070 >, >» Jolin Reid, Engineer. S. >> >> 3077 ,, „ j Andrew Thomson Reid, . »» S. >> >, 3078 ,, ,, Walter Montgomerie Neilson Reid, ,, S. »» ti 3079 »> *. Peter Taylor Cochran, Upholsterer. s. Dee. 21, 1893. .■(USD ,, „ Robert Stewart M'Nicol, . Cotton Yarn Merchant. s. Feb. 26, 1894. 3081 ,, ,, William Sorley, Jeweller. S.L. »» >» 3082 May 1, „ Thomas Davie, Iron Manufacturer. Str. May 1, „ 3083 >, George Garrett, „ Str. ii »> 3084 ,, ,, James Hunter Hutchison, Shipbuilder. Str. ,, ,, 3085 t> >> James Murdoch, junr.. Iron and Steel Merchant. S. »» >» 3080 July 10, „ James Alexander Reid, . Writer. S.L. Feb. 24 1881 3087 Sept, 11, „ George Baillie Main, Oil Refiner. Str. Nov. 9, 1893. 3088 Alexander Ronald Miller, Ironmaster. Str. Sept. 10, 1894. 3089 Robert Orr, . Ironfounder. Str. y )' 3090 Alexander Pillans, . Merchant, Carluke. Str. » »> 3091 Ernest William Thiem, Restaurateur. Str. > »> 3092 James Walker, Iron Merchant. Str. » >» 3093 Archibald Walker, . ,, Str. > »> 3094 Anderson Rodger, . Shipbuilder. Str. » >» 3095 Duncan M'Pherson, Marine Superintendent. Str. » »3 3096 James Findlay, Coal Merchant. Str. » »» 3097 Joseph Ferrie, Music Publisher. S. » >> 3098 John Westall King, Merchant. S. , „ 3099 Wdliam Alexander Rattray, Plumber. S. Jan. 8, 1877. 3100 George Howat Stewart, . 18 Windsor Terrace. S. Sept. 10, 1894. 3101 John William Graham, . Portioner, Helensburgh. S. »» J» 3102 Alexander M'Dougal Graham, Coalmaster. S. J> »! 3103 William Bilsland, . Baker. S.L. Nov. 10, 1881. 3104 Alan Alexander Dick, Drysalter. S.L. Jan. 9, 1894. 3105 James Mann, Merchant. S.L. Sept. 10, „ 3106 Oct." 4, ., Robert Stewart, Timber Merchant. Str. Mar. 3, 1881. 3107 ,. James Bow, . Coal Merchant. Str. Oct. 4, 1894. 3108 Robert Mackay Sutherland, Chemical Manufacturer. Str. i* »» 3109 Hector Gordon Gilchrist, 1 1 Sandyford Place. S. >) »! 3110 William Stewart, Timber Merchant. S.L. Mar. 3, 1881. 3111 Oct." 22, ", John Gray Crichton, Wine Merchant. S. Oct. 22, 1894. 3112 ,, Andrew Stewart, Timber Merchant. s. )» »» 3113 „ ,, John Muir, Manufacturer. s. »» »» 3114 ,, ,, George Rodger Muir, ,, s. »J »» 3115 Dec. 10, „ Sinclair Sutherland, Iron Tube Manufacture!'. Str. Dec. 7, „ 3110 „ „ John Gray, Engineer. Str. >» » 3117 »? » ' John Macpherson Dunn, . Tobacco Manufacturer. Str. >» ,, 3118 Archibald Eadie, ! Paint and Oil Manufacturer. Str. Oct. 29, 1883. 3119 ,, John Lumsden Oatts, Solicitor. Str. Nov. 2, 1891. 3120 n David Sturrock, j Iron Manufacturer. Str. Dec. 7, 1894. 3121 „ William Finlay Leslie, ' Metal Merchant, Str. »» )» 3122 Thomas M'Arthur, . Drysalter. Str. »» )> 3123 » » James Nixon Kirsop, I Iron and Steel Merchant. Nov 9, 1880. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 351 No. Date of Entry Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. Timber Merchant. Silversmith. Oil Refiner. Engineering Agent. Engineer. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Aug. 16, 1883. Dec. 7, 1894. >» n Mar." 17, 1881. 1 Doune Gardens. Vocalist. Str. Str. Dec. 7, 1894. Dec. 10, „ Shipbuilder. Bleacher. Brewer. Marine Engineer. 3 Princes Gardens. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Dec. 7, „ Dec. 10, „ J> »* )» »> Grain Merchant. Grocer and Wine Merchant. Ironmonger. Manager, Milium Ironwork?. Shipbroker. s. s. s. s. s. s. Dec. 7, „ Nov. 12, „ Dec. 7, „ )) J» Southpark, Hillhead. Engineer and Shipbuilder. 10 Broompark Terrace, Dennistoun. »» >> Dunmullin, Strathblane. Writer. Shipbuilder. Wright and Contractor. Hat Manufacturer. Book-keeper. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. April' 29, 1887. AprU 22, 1890. Sept. b, 1892. Dec. 7, 1894. Aug." 30, 1888. Dec. 11,1885. June 2, 1890. Shipping Clerk. Shipbroker. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. Dec." 7, 1894. 9 York Buildings. Brick Builder. Engineer. J» »? Railway Contractor. ,, ,, Ironmonger and Brass- founder. Aug. 16, 1878. Sept. 20, 1881. June 21, 1889. Dec. 7, 1894. India Rubber Manufacturer. s. » >* Oil Refiner. 272 Crown Street. 18 Woodside Crescent. s. s. s. »? )» Tanner and Currier. s. s. s. s. s. s. »» »» »» »» Pork Butcher. 194 Renfrew Street. Nov. 3, „ Dec. 7, M 14 Princes Square. s. s. 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 Dec. 10, 1894, Arthur Stuart Neilson, William Brownhill Smith John Aim Hastie, . Henry Sloane Lester, Matthew Robin, Douglas Ebor Nicol- Russell, William Flint, William Cuthbert Smith Connell, Walter Yuill, Thomas Yuille Paterson, James Welsh, Thomas Lang Welsh, William Roxburgh Barbour, Finlay Stuart Bell, Bruno Tyndall Buchan, James Campbell, John Reid Campbell, William Hobart Campbell, George Robertson Campbell, . Peter Denny, junr., Francis Gibb Dougall, junr. James Dick Dougall, Alfred Warren Dunn, Archibald Ferguson, William Russell Ferguson, George Findlay, William Gray, James Thomson Gray, John William Alexander Gray, Thomas Greig Hardie, James Hardie, Charles Henderson, junr., John Hornsby, junr., John Francis Inglis, George Alexander Inglis, William Kennedy, . Moses Hunter Kennedy, . John Guthrie Kennedy, . Alexander M'Geoch, William Walter MacLellan, . William Houston MacLellan, John M'Naught, junr., John Beaumont Neilson. . Ronald Braco Stenhousc Neilson, Kielder Tullis, Harry Price Tullis, Norman Livingstone Tullis, James George Wallace, . Thomas Thorburn Warren, George Richmond MacKenzie, junr., Thomas James MacKenzie, 352 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Eotry. Name. Occupation. Class, j Burgess Ticket. 3175 Deo. 10, 1894, j George Burn Young, junr., 13 Ivrw Terrace. S. Dec. 7, 1894. 3176 „ ,, John Colquhoun Gardner, 404 Victoria Road. S. Sept. 3, 1891. 3177 David Barclay, . . i Architect. S.L. Nov. 27, 1894. 3178 »» ,, James Clark, . . . Manufacturer. S.L. Dec. 7, „ 3179 „ William Greig, \\ holesale Druggist. S.L. Jan. 29, 1872. 3180 ,» », James Tennant Caird MacKinlay, Ruining Park Smelting Works. S.L. Dec. 7, 1894. 3181 Mar. 7, 1895, ! John Campbell Connell, . Shipbuilder. Str. Mar. 6, 1895. 3182 If 11 David King, . Ironfounder. Str. 11 11 3183 11 11 Archibald Low, junr., House and Ship Plumber and Brassfounder. Str. 11 11 3184 )> n Stephen Mitchell, . 'I'liliaccn .Manufacturer. Str. 91 91 3185 ii i> Thomas Millar, Ship Broker. Str. 99 91 3186 >» >» John MacKechnie, . Engineer. Str. 11 19 3187 ii *> William R. Buckle Mackie, Shipbuilder, Govan Ship- building Yard. Str. 11 11 3188 it n Robert Henry Brougham Thomson, . ,, ,, Str. Oct. 18, 1893. 3189 ,, »» Samuel M'Kay, Carting Contractor. Str. Aug. 13, 1894. 3190 ,, „ Alexander Adamson, Shipbuilder and Engineer. Str. Mar. 6, 1895. 3191 »» )> John Christie, junr., 13 Wester Craigs, Dennis- toun. S. 11 11 3192 99 11 Henry Flockhart Christie, „ ,, S. 11 11 3193 »» ,, Archibald Gillies, . Live Stock Agent. S. 11 11 3194 11 11 James Murray, junr., Foreman Blacksmith. S. 11 11 3195 11 " George Murray, Engineer. S. 11 11 3196 »» 11 Arthur Macarthur, . Minister of the Gospel. S. Jan. 22, „ 3197 11 11 Adam Maekinlay Macart hur, ,, ,, S. )> *> 3198 »» »> Alexander Edward Stephen Engineer and Shipbuilder. S. Mar. 6, „ 3199 11 11 Frederic John Stephen, . ,, ,, s. 11 ii 3200 »> )» Thomas Warren, junr., Wine and Spirit Merchant. s. 11 11 3201 5J 1» James Clement, Grocer. S.L. Jan. 28, „ 3202 Charles Glen, Calico Printer. S.L. May 15, 1889. 3203 April' 30, ',', Peter Jackson, Naval Architect, etc. Str. AprU 30, 1895. 3204 , William Lees Duncan, Ironfounder. S. 11 11 3205 11 11 James Stevenson Stout, . Warehouseman. S. Nov. 11, 1887. 3206 July 23, „ John Adam Leslie, junr.. . Metal Merchant. Str. July 22, 1895. 3207 t) If William Clark, Secretary, Steel Company of Scotland. Str. „ 3208 >> »> John Macvicar Brown, Tinsmith. S. May 15, „ 3209 ,, ,, Alexander Brown, . Steward. s. 11 >» 3210 ,, ,, David Brown, Tinsmith. s. >» »» 3211 »» »» William Brown, Compositor. s. (1 11 3212 »» James Dick, . Medical Student. s. July 22, „ 3213 William Wason Dick, Surgical Instrument Maker. s. 11 11 3214 Andrew Murray Gourlay, Chartered Accountant. s. 11 11 3215 James Logan, Accountant. s. 11 »» 3216 Thomas Walker M'lutyre, ' Shipowner. s. 11 19 3217 John Stevenson M'Nish, . ! Merchant. s. Oct. 8, 1886. 3218 1 George Stevenson M'Nish, >> s. 11 11 3219 Richard Pillans, Rivet Manufacturer. s. July 22, 1895. 3220 Alexander Pillans, junr., . Manse View, Carluke. s. ii »> 3221 John Pillans, . ,, ,, s. ii ii 3222 »» »* George Albert Ure, i Ironfounder. s. U 11 3223 J» *» William Watt Paterson, . j Upholsterer. s. 11 11 3224 „ George Clark, junr., I Shoe Merchant. S.L. 11 11 3225 )) »» Henry Lamont, j Steam Ship Owner. S.I, 11 11 3226 Sept. 10, „ Alexander Beith M'Donald City Engineer. Str. Sept. 5, „ 3227 Sept. 24, „ Timothy Warren, . j Writer. Str. Sept. 24, „ 3228 ,, ,, William Kennedy, . I Broxburn Oil Company. Str. 11 11 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 353 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 3229 Sept. 24, 1895, James Dick, . Newton Burn, Innellan. Str. Sept. 24, 1890. 3230 11 )• John Murray, Measurer. Str. Dec. 4, 1877. 3231 John Shearer, Shipbuilder. Str. Sept. 5, „ 3232 ,, ., William Gray, Ship Owner. Str. Oct. 31, 1889. 3233 Oct. 21, „ Robert Mitchell, junr., Veterinary Student. S. Oct. 21, 1895. 3234 11 11 John Mitchell, Cartwright. S. it It 3235 Dec. 10, „ James Johnston, junr., . Fish Factor. Str. Deo. 9, „ 3236 William Sutherland, 12 Belmar Terrace. S. it ** 3237 Jan. 27, 1896, John Marshall Easton, Civil Engineer. Str. Feb. 1, 1878. 3238 ,, », Robert Ramsey, Hide and Wool Broker. Str. Oct. 27, 1882. 3239 " John Strang Wyper, Nithsdale Lodge, Pollok- shields. S. s. Jan. 27, 1896. 3240 »3 James Stewart Wyper, ,, ,, s. »» 11 3241 Mar. 17, „ George Smith, Merchant and Shipowner. Str. Aug. 22, 1876. 3242 J) James Mitchell, Banker. Str. Feb. 14, 1894. 3243 )» 11 Donald M'Dougall, Goods Manager, N.B. Rail- Str. Mar. 10, 1896. 3244 Alexander Lamberton, way. Wholesale Confectioner. Str. ,, ... 3245 it it George Smith, junr., Merchant and Shipowner. s. 11 3246 •» it Robert Workman Smith, 3 Claremont Terrace. s. 11 3247 ). David Frame Flint, Music Seller. s. •• '? 3248 n it John Macfarlane, 2 Montgomerie Crescent. s. Mar. 3, .. 3249 »i a Robert French Macfarlane, ,, ,, s. »» 3250 Charles Harlev, Iron Moulder. S.L. Mar. 1(5, „ 3251 jl ti John Watson Stuart, Writer. S.T.. ,« 3252 April 30. .. Thomas Campbell, . Ironfounder. Str. April 30, .. 3253 *• 11 John M'Intyre, Iron Merchant. S. ,, 3254 ,, , Robert Ramsay, junr., 14 Park Terrace. S. Mar. 23, ,. 3255 •1 11 Murray Dick, . Newton Burn, Innellan. S. April 30, ., 3256 July 14, „ Sir John Stirling Maxwell, Bart., Pollok House. Str. July 13, „ 3257 )) 11 William Ferguson, . 1 Lancaster Terrace. S. Mar. 29, 1895. 3258 »» »» Samuel Macfarlane, Sliipbroker. S. July 13, 1896. 3259 11 11 David Gumming Mitchell, Auchengray, Airdrie. S. Feb. 14, 1894. 3260 It »» James Thompson Rankin Mitchell, . ,, ,, S. July 13, 1896. 3261 11 11 Lewis Osbourne Smith, . East India Merchant. S. »» it 3262 Aug. 28, „ Andrew Cairns, Ironfounder. S. Aug. 26, „ 3263 11 a David Dreghorn Binnie, . LL.B., Writer. S. Oct. 25, 1887. 3264 it »» John Tennent, Writer. S.L. Mar. 25, 1893. 3265 Oct, 0, „ Robert Glen, . Distiller and Merchant. Str. Oct. 5, 1896. 3266 William Cecil Easton, B.Sc., Civil Engineer. S. Oct. 21, 1892. 3267 »» »» Duncan Turner Easton, . Redholm, Helensburgh. S. Dec. 2, „ 3268 John William Heys, Calico Printer, Barrhead. S. Oct. .">, 1896. 3269 ,, j, George William Duckett, Boot Factor. S.L. 11 1* 3270 Oct. 26, „ Thomas Dunlop, Flour Mercht. and Ship- Str. Jan. 16, 1884. 3271 Dec. 11, „ William Buchanan, owner. Flour Miller, Liverpool. S. Dec. 10, 1896. 3272 »» »> Robert Buchanan, . ,, ,, s. 11 11 3273 jj •• George Douglas Council, . Iron Merchant. s. 3274 ,, ,, Lawrence Glen, Shipowner. s. Dec' 2, ", 3275 it , David Anderson, Apprentice Engineer. s. Dec. 10, „ 3276 ,, ,, James Ernest Aspin, Varnish Manufacturer. S.L. 11 »» 3277 »> Jl Joseph Paton Maclay, Shipowner. Str. Mar. 2, 1895. 3278 >» J» : Henry David Hardie, Drysalter. S. Dec. 11, 1896. 3279 Feb. 2, 1897, George Bell, . Architect. s. Oct. 14, 1879. 3280 ,, ,, William Porter, Rosebank, Dcnnistoun. s. Oct. 31, 1893. 3281 ,, ,, John Porter, junr., ,, ,, s. „ •» 3282 ,, ,, James Johnston, junr., 59 Albert Drive, Pollok- shields. s. Feb. 1, 1897. 3283 it ,, James Gray Connell, Plumber and Brassfounder. s. t» *» 3284 April 8, „ Edmund Sharer, Shipbuilder. Str. April 8, „ 354 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Date of Entry. :i2s:, April 8, 1897, 3286 >» »» 3287 »» »» 3288 3289 „ ', 3290 3291 July (>, „ 3292 »» »» 3293 »i i» 3294 yt »» 3295 32915 »» »» 3297 ii it 3298 )> >» 3299 jy j» 3300 >» »» 3301 »» i» 3302 3303 >> »» 3304 »» »» 3305 3306 >5 *5 3307 ., 3308 3309 Sept. 7, „ 3310 3311 „ 3312 >» »> 3313 >» » 3314 ii t> 3315 »» *» 33 16 »» »» 3317 »» *? 3318 3319 »> »» 3320 »> *i 3321 3322 j> »> 3323 >» ;> 3324 3325 »> >? 3326 >» »» 3327 >» »» 3328 >» >J 3329 11 »» 3330 »» »» 3331 )» »» 3332 3333 »» >» 3334 „ 3335 3330 Oct." 5, '„ 3337 Oct. 25, „ 3338 »» »» 3339 3340 »» ») 3341 „ Name. John Miller Reid, . William Robertson Herkless, Edward Scott, Joseph Gunn Mowat, James MacEwan Ros John Campbell, Dugald Rennie, James Cuthbert, Donald Stewart, Thomas Calder M'Leod, Archibald Finlay Maclaren Mark Hurll, . James Martin Laird, Archibald Jarvie Laird, William Kennedy, junr, Dugald Rennie, junr., Thomas Ballantyne Rennie George Ballantyne Rennie, Alexander Donaldson, Robert Michael Donaldson Robert Sheriff, William Craig Walker, William Maclaren Walker James Gillies Smith, James Parker Smith, Alexander Turnbull, Robert Bayne Jardine Binnie, Robert Robin, Charles Joseph Findlay, James Tait Stuart, William John Ferguson, William Beardmore, James Goldie, Walter Carl Bergius, Alexander Hutson, Robert Osbourne, . Charles Washington Townsend, . James Laurie Hutson, Hugh Osbourne, William Cuthbert, . Alexander Turnbull Craig, James Scott MacLellan Blair, Walter Drummond, Charles Howard Bowser, Robert Reid Penman, junr. James Walker, James Steven, John Wilson, junr., George Neilson, James Stirrat, Andrew Allan Macfarlan, Alexander Law, George William Barras, . Stephen Roberton, . Emile Chatrian, William Bell Paterson, Robert Marr Benzie, Occupation. Brassfounder. Professor of Jurisprudence. Boot Manufacturer. Flour Importer. Engineer. 101 Leadcnhall St., London. Steel founder. Shipowner. Paint Manufacturer. Iron Merchant. Ironfounder. Brick Manufacturer. Upholsterer. Cabinetmaker. Brassfounder. Steel Founder. 631 Alexandra Parade. Metallurgical Chemist. Iron Merchant. Mining Engineer. Timber Importer. Manufacturer. Iron Merchant. Coal Sales Manager. Of Jordanhill, M.P. Engineer. \\ ine and Spirit Merchant. Engineer. Iron and Steel Merchant. Steel Manufacturer. Contractor. Engineer. Engraver. Chemical Manufacturer. Engineer. Merchant. Shipowner. Wine and Spirit Merchant. Chartered Accountant. Engineer. Ironfounder. 16 Annfield Place. Medical Student. Brassfounder. Merchant. Engineer. Stockbroker. Chemical Manufacl urel". Mechanical Engineer. Solicitor. East India Agent and Merchant. Purveyor. Art Dealer. Warehouseman. Class. Str. S. s. s. s. s. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. S. S. S. S. S. s. s. s. s. s. S.L. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. s. s. s. S.L. S.L. S. Str. Str. Str. Str. S.L. Date of HurgesB Ticket. Aug. 28, 1883. April Oct. April July Nov. April July 8, ., 17, 1894. 8, 1897. 1, 1892. 21, 1S91. 5, 1897. Nov. June Aug. July Sept. 2, 1891. 4, 1897. 7, 1891. 5, 1897. 6, „ April 29, 1872. Sept. 6, 1897. Sept. 21, 1876. Sept. 7, 1897. Sept. 6, „ Sept, June 26, 1884. Sept. 6, 1897. Oct. 4, „ Oct. 25, „ Jan. 25, 1868. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 355 No. Date of Entry- 3342 Oct. 25, 1897. 3343 »> 3344 3345 J» 334(3 ,. 3347 Dec. 13, 3348 3349 >» 3350 >> »» 3351 »» 3352 »> ■' 3353 >J *> 3354 J» 3355 *? 1» 335(5 »» »» 3357 3358 J> »» 3359 Ma r. 8, 1898, 33(50 3361 ., 3362 »? 3363 3364 3365 »» » 3366 )» 3367 June 7, 3368 3369 , 3370 »» 3371 »> 3372 » 3373 Sept. 1, )) 3374 3375 ., ,, 3376 »» |f 3377 f 3378 3379 ,, 3380 »» 3381 3382 Sept! 14, 3383 » »J 3384 »» 3385 >» 3386 Oct. 25, 3387 - » 3388 »» 3389 3390 ?* 3391 3392 Dec' 6, M 3393 » 3394 »» »» 3395 11 19 Occupation. Class. James Taylor Cochran, Peter Macgregor Wilson, William Donald, Alexander Moneui Milln, . George Morton, Joseph Turner, John Wishart, John Sloane, . William Douglas Cairney, Charles King Aitke^, Alexander Bilsland Falconer, James Donald, junr., Alfred Andrew M'Millan, Thomas Porter, Robert Craig Porter, Thomas Macquaker, Alexander Sykes, . William Dunlop, Robert Johnston, junr., . Thomas Logan Johnston, James Robertson, . John Alexander Taylor, . Thomas Jack Taylor, John Robertson Suther- land, .... Rev. Peter Smith, . Andrew Kirkwood M'Cosh, James Mitchell, George Bowen Bennett, . Walter M'Gee, John Wotherspoon, junr., Andrew Renfrew Robertson, Robert Conacher, . John Motherwell Alston, . William Thomson, . George Gray, junr., James Black Webster, William Blair Bilsland, Robert Marr Benzie, junr., James Edward Campbell. William Nelson, Albert William zum Bach, Charles de Neufville Forman, Robert Love, Andrew Sclanders Nelson, James King, . Robert Stewart M'Nicol, junr., Robert Bannerman, John Reid, David Reid, . Andrew Reid, Robert Young, David Cooper, James Donald, William Gilchrist Taylor, Engineer and Boilermaker. R.S.W. Artist. Engineer. Commercial Traveller. Stockbroker. Oil Company Manager. Watchmaker and Jeweller. Chartered Accountant. Stock and Share Broker. Japanner. Engineer. Residing at Midthorpa, Bellahouston, Govan. Rosebank, Dennistoun. Writer. Commission Merchant. Chartered Accountant. Jeweller. Hazelwood, Lenzie. 129 Thistle Street, S.S. Civil Engineer. Minister of U.P. Church. Iron and Coal Master. Iron Master. Engineer. Ironmaster. Portioner. Ironworks Manager. Writer. Piano and Organ Seller. Writer. Engineer. 28 Park Circus. Writer and Notary Public. Writer. Coal Exporter. Civil Engineer. Timber Merchant. Railway Carriage, etc., Builder. Engineer. 23 Hamilton Park Terrace. Wright. Brassfounder. Iron and Steel Merchant. Genl. Manr., G. & S. W. Ry. Co. Shipowner. S. s. s. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. St i. Str. s. s. s. s. s. s. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. S. S. s. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. Str. Str. Str. s. S. s. s. S.L. S.L. Str. Str. Str. Str. S. s. s. s. s. Str. Str. Str. Str. Date of Burgess Ticket. Oct. 25, 1897. Dec. 13, April 15, 1885. Dec. 13, 1897. Oct. 31, 1893. Dec." 13, 1897. Mar. ' 8, 1898. J une 6, May 23, ., June 6, „ Aug. 31, Mar. 11. .. Aug. 31, .. Feb. 1, .. Dec. 2, 1889. Aug. 31, 1898. Jan. IS, 1893. Sept. 14, 1898. Aug. 2.".. 1884. Oct, 24, L898. Sept. .".. 1862. Nov. 12, 1894. Dee. (i. 1S9S. 356 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Burgess Ticket. ;:;j9ii Dec. 6, 1898, Robert Gibson Service, . Underwriter, etc. Str. Dec. 6, 1898. 3397 Matthew White, Flour Miller. Str. Jan. 23, 1883. 3398 James Alexander Ferguson, Ardnith, Partickhill. s. • lime 20, 1895. 3399 John Walker Findlav, 63 St. Vincenl Si i en. s. Dec. 6, 1898. 3400 William M'Gee, Engineer. s. Nov. 29, „ 3401 James Hamilton M'Gee, . ,, s. »» »> 3402 Walter M'Gee, Carnassaric, Paisley. s. »» If 3403 Herbert Lee Nichols, Chartered Accountant. S.L. June 22, 1896. 3404 Robert Niven, Shipping, etc., Clerk. S.L. Dec. 6, 1898. 3405 Feb." 15, 1899, John Younger, Iron Merchant. Str. Feb. 5, 1891. 3406 Thomas Reid, Ship-sale Broker. Str. Feb. 14, 1899. 3407 George Milne Chamberlain, Marine Insurance Broker. Str. Feb. 15, „ 3408 James Russell, Coal Exporter. S. Feb. 14, „ 3409 < William Laing Russell, Colliery Agent. S. 1» »» 3410 Albert Russell, 2 Derby Cres., Kelvinside. s. »» »» 3411 Frederick Alexander, ,, ,, s. »» it 3412 Thomas Stark Brown, Writer. S.L. »» »» 3413 James Sclanders, Wholesale Tea Merchant. S.L. »» )» 3414 May" 9, ',', James Smith Park, Shipowner. Str. May 8, „ 3415 Arthur Robin, Student of Medicine. S. Oct. 21, 1890. 3410 William Burrell, Gleniffer Lodge, Paisley. S. May 9, 1899. 3417 Thomas M'Kaig Burrell, . »» ,, s. »» »J 3418 Gordon George Burrell, . ii ii s. »» »» 3419 Alexander Gibson Robin, Castlehill, Hamilton. s. Oct. 11,1882. 3420 " ',', James Robertson, . Writer. S.L. Feb. 23, 1899. 3421 William Douglas Reid, Monkwood, Maybole. S.L. Mav 8, „ 3422 Charles John Cleland, Wholesale Stationer. S.L. Nov. 4, 1891. 3423 James Livingstone Loudon, Physician, Hamilton. S.L. Dee. 13, 1895. 3424 Sept." 12, ", George Cockburn, . Engineer. Str. Sept. 11, 1899. 3425 James Brown Couper, Shipbroker. Str. ii ii 3426 William Anderson, . Veterinary Surgeon. S. ii ii 3427 John Millar, . Hazelwood, Camphill Av., Langside. S. ii ii 3428 Thomas William Millar, . ,, ii s. ii u 3429 Frederick James Steel Millar, s. 3430 Alexander Stewart, Primrose Villa, Shawlands. s. I, ii 3431 Donald Campbell Stewart, ii ii s. ii ii 3432 Charles Campbell Smith, . House Painter. s. July 8, 1897. 3433 Allan MacGregor Smith, . Writer. s. ii ii 3434 Alexander Smith, junr., . Shipbuilder. s. Sept. 11, 1899. 3435 John King, Consulting Engineer. S.L. Oct. 16, 1889. 3436 Adam Hepburn, Pattern Card Maker. S.L. June 26, 1899. 3437 John Glen, Calico Printer. S.L. Aug. 12, 1879. 3438 Oct." 5, " David Kingshorn, . Anerlv, Partickhill. S. Oct. 4, 1899. 3439 James Aspin, 29 University Avenue. s. )) ft 3440 John Rankin, Writer. s. Oct. 5, „ 3441 William Hannay Raeburn, Shipowner. Str. Oct. 4, „ 3442 John Sharp Walker, Ironfounder. Str. Oct. 5, „ 3443 Oct." 23, " Alexander Goodsir Mowat, Physician. S. Oct. 13, „ 3444 Edward Macwhannell, 37 Montgomerie Street, Kelvinside. S. Oct. 5, „ 3445 James Donaldson, . Warehouseman. S.L. Oct. 12, „ 3446 Dec." 7, ',', John Faill, . 52 Robertson Street. Str. Dec. 6, „ 3447 William Blair Stirrat, Yarn Merchant. Str. ii ii 3448 James Gibb Allan, . Provision Merchant. S. ,i ii 3449 James Steel Fisher, Wholesale Wine Merchant. S. July 3, „ 3450 Feb." 27, 1900, Frederick Larkins Macleod, Merchant. Str. Aug. 30, „ 3451 Archibald Pollok Main, . Gas Engineer, &c. Str. Feb. 26, 1900. 3452 » Charles Stirling Kinghorn, 93 Millbrae Rd., Langside. S. »! »t 3453 „ .. Albert Frederick Kinghorn. ii i, S. »» >» APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 357 No. 3454 3455 345li 3457 3458 3459 3460 3461 3462 3463 3464 3465 3466 3467 3468 3469 3470 3471 3472 3473 3474 3475 3476 3477 3478 3479 3480 3481 3482 3483 3484 3485 3486 3487 3488 3489 3490 3491 3492 3493 3494 3495 3496 3497 3498 3499 3500 3501 3502 3503 3504 3505 3506 3507 3508 3509 3510 Date of Entry. Feb. 27, 1900, Mar. 29, June 1 2, Sept. 4, Oct. 4, Oct." 29, Dec." 13, Mar. 7, 1901, June 5, Sept. 12, Name. James M'Hutchison Cameron, . John Cameron, junr., Allan Watson Baird, David M'Gee, George Alexander Macbeth, Robert Rattray Tatlock, John Duncan, Walter M'Kinn Taylor, . Archibald M'Innes Shaw, Robert Miller Chalmers, . William Weir, Herbert Fitton Stockdale, John Baird Walker, Alexander Gracie, . Robert Crawford, . William Crammond Martin. James Lowson, Robert Wilson, Ronald Graham Jenkins, James Lawrence Christie Jenkins, John William Arthur Spencer, George Stewart, David Wallace Hogg, Robert Niven, John Binnie, . David Meiklereid, . Andrew Bonar Law, Robert Harper, Robert Williamson, Robert Hart, John Charles Brock, Alfred Primrose, Harry Carrick Webster, . John Lockhart Sterling, . Dugald M'Alister, . John Dawson Harvey Dunlop, Lewis Cross, . James William Murdoch, James Napier, junr., Archd. M'Lellan, . Duncan Cameron, . John Jackson, Thomas Kirsop, William James Alexander, Robert Hall, . Norman Patrick M'Leod, Robt. Dunlop Cassells, Thomas Lawrie, James Kirkwood, . Thomas M'Lintock, Hugh Duncan, Arch. Montgomerie Craig, Harold Scott, William Robert Millar, . Gavin Bell Millar, . John Wylie Macfarlane, . William Wylie Macfarlane. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. Shipowner. s. Feb. 26, 1900. Clerk. s. ») M Engineer. Str. May 31, 1898. Shipyard Manager. Str. June 9, 1900. Shipowner. Str. Oct. 31, 1889. Analytical Chemist. Str. June 9, 1900. Shipbuilder. Str. . Stockbroker. Str. i> ,, Ironfounder. Str. Nov. 2, 1891. Ironmonger. S. June 9, 1900. Engineer. s. ii >» Secy., etc., of Glasgow S.L. Sept. 30, 1899. Technical College. Yarn Merchant. Str. Sept. 3, 1900. Engineer. Str. tt »» Stockbroker. Str. Electrical Engineer. Str. tt tt II Str. tt tt Iron Merchant. Str. tt tt Airedale, Cambuslang. S. S. S. tt tt Ironmaster. tt »» Teacher of Music. S.L. Oct." 3, 1893. Sugar Merchant. Str. Oct. 3, 1900. Merchant. S. it •■ Stockbroker. S. Mar. 22, 1895. Merchant and Shipowner. S.L. Oct. 27, 1900. Iron Merchant. Str. Dec. 12, „ Shipowner. Str. »» ,» Engineer. Str. ,, Distiller and Wine Mercht. Str. ,, Writer. S.L. Oct. 29, „ Flour Merchant. S.L. Juno 17, 1893. Lead and Colour Manufr. Str. Nov. 7, 1900. Manufacturer. Str. Mar. 6, 1901. Accountant. Str. „ Engineer. Str. Mar. 7, „ Tinsmith. S. Feb. 20, „ Merchant. S. Mar. 6, „ Drums, Old Kilpatrick. s. >» >» General Manager, Carron Co. Str. June 5, „ Marine Engineer. S. April 24, „ Iron Merchant. Str. Aug. 16, 1893. Hatter. Str. Nov. 9, 1880. Writer. Str. June 5, 1901. Iron and Steel Merchant. Str. Str. ii ii Electrical Engineer. S. June 3, „ Chemical and Metal Broker. S.L. ii ii Stockbroker. Str. Nov. 14, 1890. Chartered Accountant. Str. Sept, 10, 1901. Writer. Str. tt tt Merchant and Comm. Agent S. »» tt Boot and Shoe Agent. S. it M Merchant. S. Sept. 11, „ „ S. Sept. 10, „ 2 Lancaster Terrace. S. S. Mar. 27. „ t* tt 353 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entvy. Name. i •-• upatiou. Class. Burgess Ticket. 3511 Sept. 12, 1901, Robert Rodger Glen, Carlston, Kelvinside. S. Sept. 10, 1901. 3 -.12 ,, Matthew liiddell Millar, . \l.i in Mariner. S. 3513 .. Thomas Ancott, junr., Manager, Cyclops Foundry. S.L. »» »> 3514 •* Stevenson Hoys, Fanner. s. »» »* 3515 .. Chomas Holt Hutchison, Shipowner, s. »* »» 35 Hi John M'Oreath Turner, Lead Pipe Manufacturer. Str. 3517 ,, ,, John Muir i trierson, Bank Agent. Str. Jan. 8, 1896. 35 is . ., John Knox, . Stockbroker. Str. Mar. 27, 1900. 3519 »» «t John Frederick Black, Engineer. Str. Sept. 11, 1901. 3520 .. .» Charles Hugh Taylor Brown, Stockbroker. Str. »» »» 3521 »» •• James Imrie Mitchell, Clerk, 84 Kent Road. S. Sept. 12, „ 3522 .. ., David Mitchell, Engineer, 84 Kent Road. s. If »» 3523 >» '» Alex. Gardner Taylor, Dentist. Str. Nov. 17, 1899. 3524 Oct. 3, ., James Brown, Timber Merchant. S. Sept. 30, 1901. 3525 »» ,, William Calder Maitland, Wholesale Stationer. S. Oct. 3, „ 3526 if Archibald Robertson Ure, Baker. S. 3527 William M'Lintoek, Chartered Accountant. s. »» 3528 ■ 1 Thomson Liddell M'Lintoek, ,, ,, s. »» »» 3529 »» >- Thomas Potter, Ironfounder. Str. 3530 Oct. 28, .. Wm. Murray MacKinlay, Shipowner. Str. Oct." 28, "„ 3531 Nov. 19, .. Andrew Brown, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. Nov. 18, „ 3532 jy «* John Morris Walker, 3 Minard Terrace, Partick- hilL Engineer and Shipbuilder. S. Nov. 19, „ 3533 Dec. 12, ,. William Brown, S. Dec. 11, „ 3534 Andrew M'Neil Brown, Engineer. S. ,» », 3535 *■> Walter Brown, Engineer and Shipbuilder. S. 3536 ., James M'Neil Brown, Engineer. S. ,, ,, 3537 . William Ho watt, Measurer. S. Oct. 31, 1868. 3538 ,, Robt. Andrew Munn, Superintendent Engineer. S.L. Dec. 11, 1901. 3539 Feb. 25, 1902, William Jackson, Engineer. Str. April 6, 1893. 3540 ,, ,, Alexander Henderson. Draper. Str. Feb. 25, 1902. 3541 Thomas Young, Consulting Engineer. Str. Dec. 17, 1892. 3542 ,, John Morris Walker, 6 Queen's Gate, Dowanhill. S. Feb. 25, 1902. 3543 April 29, ,, William Scott Miller, Shipowner and Broker. Str. April 29, „ 3544 ., John Rae Crawford. Engineers' Ironmonger. Str. „ ,, 3545 -* .« Samuel Falconer, Accountant. S. Feb. 26, „ 3546 Aug. 5, .. Thomas Bell, Engineer. Str. Aug. 5, „ 3547 •. Alexander Lang, Distiller. Str. Nov. 9, 1887. 354S •' •» William Weir, Commercial Traveller. S. Aug. 5, 1902/ 3549 Robert John Todd, Jeweller. S.L. 3550 Sept. 9, .. Alexander Hugh Mont- go merie Lang, Distiller. S. July 8, ,. 3551 ,. Thomas Waugh Lang, »> s. ,, ,, 3552 •< Robert Forrester Graham Lang, Clerk. s. ., „ 3553 >» •» Lawrence David Hender- son, .... Engineer. s. Sept. 9, „ 3554 Dec. 11, „ William Campbell, ■. Coal Merchant and Ship- owner. Str. Dec. 11, „ 3555 ,, Alexander Chaplain Cook, Mercantile Clerk. S.L. ,» ,, 3556 •» •. William Abercrombie, Post Office Official. S.L. Nov. 17, „ 3557 Daniel Fisher, junr., Painter. S. Dec. 11, „ 3558 »* *) Thomas Anderson Brown. Watchmaker. s. Nov. 17, „ 3559 William Lorimer, junr., . Locomotive Engineer. s. Dec. 11, „ 3560 Mar. .">, I'M (3, < '(urge Milne, Steamship Broker. Str. Mar. 4, 1903. 3561 T» •• Th' mias Williamson Whinster, . Shipowner. Str. >» >» 3502 M John Bruce, . „ Str. »» »» 3563 . ** James Wilson, Boilermaker. S. »» J» 3564 » » William Stout, Boot and Shoemaker. s. Nov. 7, 1887. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 359 Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Bnrgess Ticket. 3565 June 4, 1903, Thomas Warren Allan, Redtower, Helensburgh. s. June 3, 1903. 3566 Joseph Travis Townsend, Distiller. s. 3567 »» Malcolm Panton Douglas, Stationer. s. ■■ n 3568 Sept. 3, ., Andrew Millar Wyllie, Secretary, Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, Ltd. Str. Sept. ■*» y* 3569 »» »> Alexander Neilson Sclanders, . Wholesale Provision Mercht. Str. »» »y 3570 »» »» William Maxwell, . Drysalter. S.L. July 26, 1887. 3571 Oct. 6, „ William M'Cue Ferguson, Tinsmith. S. Oct. 6, 1903. 3572 Duncan M'Kellar, . Bleacher and Finisher. S.L. »» n 3573 »» »» NeU Smith Taylor, . Shipowner. S. ,, 3574 »» «> William Lawrie Turnhull, Consulting Engineer. s. )» ,, 3575 Oct. 26, „ John Thorn, . », >» Str. Oct. 26, „ 3576 >> »» John Wilson, Bedstead Manufacturer. S. »> »» 3577 »» »» Wylie Gemmell Wilson, . Engineer. S. ft ,, 3578 Dec. 9, „ Cosmo Gordon Cameron, . Commercial. S. Dec. 9, „ 3579 .i » Thomas Gray Connell. Plumber and Braesfounder. S. 3580 Mar. 1, 1904, Charles John Baxter Bryden, Measurer. S. Jan. 11, 1904. 3581 William Murgatroyd, House Factor, etc. S.L. June 30, 1896. 3582 Henry Robert Frederick Juniper, Manager, Grosvenor Restaurant. S.L. Mar. 1, 1904. 3583 May 17, „ Thomas Bond Rogerson, Manager, Clyde Ironworks. Str. May 17, „ 3584 Samuel Herriot, Wine Merchant. S. »» 3585 »» »» Edward Henry Stanley Craig, Chartered Accountant. s. May 6, „ 3586 »» »> Miller Semple, M.B. and CM. S.L. May 17, „ 3587 »> »» Kenneth William Steven- son, .... Student. s. 3588 Aug. 2, „ Alexander Whitehead Sampson, . Shipbuilder. Str. Aug. o 3589 ,, Samuel M'Lean, Physician and Surgeon. S. ,, 3590 John Kirkwood Anderson, Cook. S. ,, 3591 «« s» Walter Macgregor Yorke, Ship Draughtsman. S. „ 3592 David Cockburn, Mechanical Engineer. s. ,, 3593 Alexander Paterson Cockburn, . Estimating Clerk. s. 3594 John M'Allister, Mercantile Clerk. s. »» 3595 ., Robert Hutchison. . Apprentice Chartered Accountant. s. Jan. 22, 1903. 3590 »» »» Thomas Stewart Millar, . Shipwright. s. Aug. 2, 190-1. 3597 »» »> William Stout, junr., Plumber. s. „ y> 3598 »» »» John Phillips, Commercial Traveller. s. 3599 Alexander Phillips, Traveller. s. it 3600 »» 99 Matthew Wallace Phillips. Clerk. s. „ „ 3601 »> »» William Wilson, Shipbroker. S.L. Jan. 6, 1892. 3602 Sept. 2, „ James Watson Stewart, . Chartered Accountant. Str. Sept. 2, 1904. 3603 » » Alexander Watt Torrance, Wood Merchant. Str. ,, 3604 M Thomas M'Laren Milne, . Steamship Broker. S. >» ,. 3605 William Murray Milne, Divinity Student. S. »» „ 3606 »» »» James MacNair Dick, Student. S. »» »» 3607 Oct. 6, „ Norman Dewar Macgregor Yorke, Engineer. S. Oct. 6, „ 3608 >» »» William Anderson, . Drysalter. S.L. ,, »> 3609 Oct. 24, „ Henry Dubs Lorimer, Steel Maker. S. Oct. 24, „ 3610 _ Alexander Smith Lorimer, Locomotive Builder. s. »* »» 3611 »» •» Hugh Archibald M'Lean, Physician. s. »> „ 3612 »» »» Alexander Whitehead Sampson, junr., . App. Naval Architect. s. 1* 3613 »» 5, Thomas Sampson, . Scholar. s. »» »» 3614 »f »» John Graham Young, Engineer. s. !» n 360 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. llurgesa Ticket. 3615 Oct. 24, 1904, Win. Alezr. Voung, 21 Montgomerie Drive, W. S. Oct. 24, 1904. 3616 »» t» Mungo Robert Caruth Young, ,, ,, s. »» »» 3617 Dec. 9, „ Alexander Smith, . Gas Engineer. Str. Dec. 9, „ 3618 ♦ » t» Robert Mathers Mann, Warehouseman. Str. Oct. 12, 1897. 3619 Hugh Neilson, Ironmaster. S. Dec. 9, 1904. 3620 »» >» Alexander Wood, Engineer. S. »> »» 3621 »» »» Norman Peter Henderson Stewart, Clerk. s. »» >» 3622 |f Jack .Milne Stewart, ,, s. ft »» 3623 »» »> Henry Taylor Rodger, Shipbroker. s. Aug. 28, 1902. 3624 , , Arthur Blackburn Craig, . Merchant. s. Dec. 6, 1904. 362.-, Dec. 9, 1904, John Gray Buchanan, Iron Merchant. S.L. Dec. 9, „ 3626 »» »» Patrick Tennant Caird, . Engineer and Shipbuilder. S.L. »» *» 3627 t- »> William Boyd Anderson, Writer and Notary Public. S.L. 3628 Mar. 9, 1905, Andrew Francis Stewart Bryden, Architect. S. Mar. 3, 1905. 3629 David Hosie, . Shipping Clerk. s. Oct. 24, 1901. 3630 ,, ,, Walter Keir Cameron, Marine Engineer. S. Jan. 7, 1905. 3631 Keir Cameron, Engineer. s. Jan. 21, „ 3632 •i .. David Duff Alexander, Manufacturer's Agent. s. May 15, 1895. 3633 Peter Hood, . Foreman Mechanic. s. Mar. 9, 1905. 3634 • • *y Archibald Haddow Muir, Plumber. s. „ 3635 n »» John Osborne Muir, ,, s. ,, '5 3636 ,. Andrew Nisbet Mac Beth, Commercial Clerk. s. ,, ,, 3637 ., Alexander Struthers Wiseman, . Watchmaker and Jeweller. S.L. 3638 is Robert Andrew M'Lean, . Merchant. S.L. Nov. 3, 1904. 3639 *. I* James Fletcher Riddell, . Manufacturer. S.L. June 16, 1900. 3640 June 9, „ Henry Brock, Director, United Turkey Red Company, Ltd. S. June 9, 1905. 3641 » Henry Archibald Wilson, Scotch Whisky Merchant, etc. Restaurateur. S. »» »» 3642 • * »* Joseph White, s. Mar. 20, „ 3643 •* »» David Crawford, Flockmaster. S.L. June 9, „ 3644 George Gray, Cashier, 14 St. Enoch Sq. S.L. Feb. 15, „ 3645 *» " John Stephen Eadie, Paint and Oil Manufacturer. S. April 10, „ 3646 Sept, 12, .. Thomas Miller, Iron Master. s. Sept. 12, „ 3647 Robert Warden, Warehouseman. S.L. »» »» 3648 ■1 .» James MTntyre, Commercial Traveller. S. Aug. 11, „ 3649 »» »» John Smith, junr., . Coal Exporter. S.L. Sept. 12, „ 3650 Oct. 5, ., John Archibald Dow, Wholesale and Retail Wine and Spirit Merchant. S. Oct. 6, „ 3651 »» »» Thomas Potter, Scholar. s. »» »» 3652 Oct. 23, „ David M'Gee, junr.. Student. s. Oct. 23, „ 3653 , George M'Gee, ,, s. - 3654 .. ,, James MacKenzie M'Gee, Melbourne House, Dalmuir. s. 3655 Nov. 10, .. Douglas Alexander Torrance, . Engineer. s. Nov. 10, „ 3656 »> )> James More, tertius, Apprentice Engineer. s. »» »» 3657 Dec. 14, .. Archibald M'Dermid, Managing Clerk. Str. Dec. 14, „ 3658 ,. ,, Robert Murdoch, Grey Cloth Merchant. S. »» »» 3659 ,, ,, Colin Campbell, Coppersmith. S. »» H 3660 ,, John Campbell, junr., Engineer. S. »» »» 3661 ,, ,, Alexander John Law, Chartered Accountant. s. »» '» 3662 )» »» Roderick Couper, Clerk. s. 3663 Conrad Robert John Kirsop, Chesters, Bearsden. s. t* »» 3664 • ' ?» Purves Alexander Kirsop, ,, ,, s. »» »» 3665 William Gilchrist Flint, . Bank Clerk. s. »» »» 3666 ,, James Downs M'Kenzie Flint, Engineer's Assistant. s. »» »» APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 36i No. Date of Entry. 3667 : Dec. 14, 1905, 3668 „ »» 3669 », ,, 3670 ;i ., 3671 „ 3672 ,, ,, 3673 ft ,. 3674 ., 3675 Jf 3676 3677 ,, 3678 »» „ 3679 ,, „ 3680 w 3681 3682 M t» 3683 Feb. 15, 1906, 3684 »> 3685 »» 3686 »» 3687 »» »> 3688 „ 3689 3690 •• •• 3691 " »» 3692 „ 3693 „ »» 3694 ._ 3695 »» 3696 , 3697 „ , 3698 »> , 3699 »» »» 3700 *» 3701 »» J» 3702 »» »» 3703 »» tJ 3704 ,, ,, 3705 ,, 3706 „ 3707 ,, 3708 , ., 3709 ,, 3710 •• •• 3711 .. »» 3712 »» 3713 »» »* 3714 »» »> 3715 »» »» 3716 »» »» 3717 »» 3718 s , 3719 »» »» 3720 »» »> Name. Andrew Frame Flint, William Clarke Bryden, . Colin Mackay Jackson, Donald Fisher Jackson, . Thomas Guthrie Young, . Alexander Lindsay, John Charles Bell Bennett, William James Hendry, . William Arnott M'Neil, . Hugh Kennedy Bayne, . Charles Malloch Bayne, . William Wilson, James Miller Rankin, George Todd, Robert Martin, John Boyd, . Thomas Arrol, John Hunter, George Bell, junr., . Archibald M'Neil, . Charles M'Neil, junr., John M'Neil, . Allister M'Neil, Charles MacKinlay Duncan, James Baird, Allan Watson Baird, junr., George Hutcheson Wallace Hugh Cameron, John Macouat, James Bilsland Macouat, John Porter, . James Hutchison, . Frederick George Hutchison, William Wilson Hutchison. James Graham Gilfillan, . William Wallace Gilfillan, George Gilfillan, Robert Muir Steven, Daniel M'Ewen, George Clark, Alexander Erskine Clark, James Salmon, James Robb, . Archibald Robertson Aitken, William Leckie Ewing Aitken, Allan Drysdale Macdonald, William Bartholomew Metcalfe, Henry Macfarlane Metcalfe, John Ramsay Metcalfe junr., Thomas Arrol, John Murray Graham, Mungo Alan Graham, Douglas Alex. Henry Graham, William Arrol, Occupation. Clerk. Chartered Accountant. Apprentice Engineer. Student. 15 Whittinghame Drive. Electrical Engineer. Painter and Decorator. Plumber. Engineer. Glass Merchant. Railway Contractor. Secretary. Commercial Traveller. General Merchant. Auctioneer and Cashier. Warehouseman. Engineer. App. Architect. Forger. Apprentice Smith. Iron and Steel Salesman. Engineer. Accountant. Stockbroker. Engineer. Clerk. Shipbuilder. Apprentice Engineer. Pupil. Marble Cutter. 6 Queen's Crescent. Shipowner's Clerk. Iron Merchant. Engineer. Physician and Surgeon. Architect. App. to C.A. Stockbroker. App. Architect. Clerk. Student. Engineer. Student. Class, Engineer. S. S. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. S.L. S.L. S.L. S.L S.L Str. Str. S. S. s. S. s. s. s. s. s. s. 8. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. Date of Burgess Ticket. Dec. 14, 1905. Nov. 21, „ Jan. 14, 1904. Sept." 2, !,' Dec. 14, 1905. Sept. 1, 1864. Dee. 14, 1905. Jan." 9, 1895. July 27, 1891. June 13, 1903. Dee. 14, 1905. Feb. 14, 1906. Feb. 5, 1904. Dec. 10, „ Feb. 14. 1906. Jan. 5, Mar. 31, 1905 Mar. 31, 1903 Feb. 14, 1901'.. Nov. 2, 1898. Dec. Dec. Feb. 9, 21, 14, 1905. 1906. »» »» Dec." 6, 1904. Feb. 14, 1906. >> Feb. 23, 1899. Jan. 10, 1906. Feb. Jan. 14, „ 9, „ Feb. 14, „ 24 362 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Date of No. Date of Entry. Same. Occupation. Class. S.L. Burg Jan. ess Ticket. 3721 Feb. 15, 1906, William Martin, Tanner and Leather Mercht. 30, 1906. 3722 ,, George Middleton, . Engineer. S.L. Feb. H, „ 3723 „ Alexander Norie Woodrow, Lithographer. S.L. April 2ll, 1893. 1(724 .. Archibald Scott Younger, Engineer. S.L. Feb. 14, 19(16. 3726 • • »» David Girvan Lennox Mac Lure, . Stockbroker. S.L. »» »» 372(i William .James Scott, Produoe Broker. S.L. fell. 21, „ 3727 ,, .. Alexander Lawrie Brown, Law Agent. S.L. Dec. 9, 1905. 3728 June 13, William Eamilton Stewart Macdonald, Manufacturing Chemist. S. Feb. 23, 1899. 37211 „ ,, Robert Thom Cameron, . Merchant and Shipowner. S. Feb. 17, 1905. 3730 Robert Alexander Ai'i'ol, . Bank Clerk. S. June 12, 1906. 3731 y, George Young Arrol, Finnartmore, Strone. S. »i 1» 3732 » James Arrol, . Engineer. s. Mar. 22, „ 3733 Joseph Turnbull Lambie, Newspaper Reporter. S.L. June 12, „ 3734 Aug." 9, ., Daniel Murray, OU Refiner. Str. Oct. 2, 1893. 3735 »> »* Alexander Bell Ferguson, Writer. Str. Aug. 9, 1900. 3730 Aug. 16, „ David Henderson Mac- donald, Engineer. Str. Aug. 16, „ 3737 Sept. 11, „ David Alexander Rich- mond, Chartered Accountant. Str. Sept. 11, ,. 3738 David John Hamilton, Oil and Paint Manufacturer. Str. » 3739 )» *' John Wylie, . Iron Manufacturer. Str. 3740 William Arnot Sloan, Waterproof, etc., Manufr. S.L. »1 ,, 3741 Sept. 14, „ Alexander Cleghorn, Engineer. Str. Sept. 14, „ 3742 >* .lames M'Kenzie Copland, Muslin Manufacturer. S. Aug. 22, 1894. 3743 »> »• Archd. M'Kerrow Russell, Mining Engineer. S.L. May 12, 1904. 3744 Oct. 4, .. .fames Russell Ross, Engineer. Str. Oct. 4, 1906. 3745 »» *' George Donaldson Copland. Architect. S. Sept. 19, 1895. 3746 ,, ,, Edward Robert Copland, Accountant. S. Aug. 18, 1900. 3747 Robert M'Lelland, . Shipowner. S.L. Oct. 4, 1906. 3748 Nov. 15, „ William Gilchrist Taylor, junr., Shipbuilder. S. Nov. 15, „ 3749 Dec. 13, „ John Alexander Park Graham, Student. s. Dec. 12, „ 3750 >* Daniel Mac Arthur, . Buyer's Assistant. s. »» 3751 ,, ,, Robert Matheson M'Call, Wright. s. May 28, 1902. 3752 William M'Call, junr., ,, s. (J 3753 ., James Marshall Findlay, . Chartered Accountant. s. Dec. 12, 1906. 3754 ,, John Alexander Findlay, LL.B., Law Clerk. s. ,, ., 3755 ,, ,, George Bilton Taylor, Engineer. s. Feb. 11, 1890. 3756 »' » Angus Campbell, junr., . Law Apprentice. s. Dec. 12, 1906. 3757 Jan. 21, 1907, Ronald M'Dougali Goldie, Rosslyn, Kelvinside. s. Aug. 16, 1905. 3758 if »» James George Law, Clerk. s. Jan. 21, 1907. 3759 »» •< Arehd. Brownlie, Writer. S.L. July 3, 1901. 3760 James Reid, . Student. s. Jan. 21, 1907. 3761 April 16, „ Archibald Ferguson MacKechnie, Brewer. s. April 16, „ 3762 »» »> Wm. Andrew MacLean Sorley, Student. s. April 11, „ 3763 ,. Robert Laurence Kinross Sorley, s. 3764 July 9, „ James M'Intyre Paterson, Brewer. s. ,, ,, 3765 Sept. 12, „ Kenneth Macfarlane, Ore and Metal Merchant. Str. Sept. 12, „ 3766 »1 *« Colin Macfarlane, Jeweller. Str. »» fi 3767 ,, William Douglas Bell, Engineer. Str. ,, J( 3768 »> II John Steedman Anderson, Leather Merchant. S.L. July 30, „ 3769 Oct. 21, „ Duncan Colquhoun Stewart Blacklock, . Merchant. S.L. Oct. 21, „ 3770 Mar. 12, 1908, James Moffat, Commercial Manager. Str. Mar. 11, 1908. 3771 Colin Campbell Paterson, Student. S. ,» )» 3772 William Anderson, . . Buyer. S.L. Oct. 5, 1905. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 363 No. Date of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgi'ss Ticket .. 3773 Mar. 12, 1908, William Aloysius Rafferty, Fish Salesman. S.L. Mar. 11, 1908. 3774 »» , Robert Emmanuel Groves, Art Master. S.L. Sept. 17, 1897. 3775 May 19, „ John Lawson, Artist. S. May 19, 1908. 3771) >» _ Charles Edward Knox, Student. s. Dec. 9, 1907. 3777 Aug. 18, „ James M'Meekin Strain, . Coalmaster. S.L. Aug. 18, 1908. 3778 J9 David Herbert Edward, . Goldsmith and Jeweller. s. ., 3779 »> 91 Arthur Edward, >» j» s. ,, 3780 ») John Lewthwaite Gemmell, Cashier. S.L. •* 3781 Oct, " 6, .. David Young Cassels, Engineer and Ironfounder. Str. Oct. 6, „ 3782 Wallace Thorneycroft, Coalmaster. Str. ,, ■• 3783 •* ., John William Combe, Engineering Draughtsman. S. ,, ,, 3784 , Robert Dugald M'Ewan, Manufacturer. S.L. Nov. 1, 1889. 3785 " » James Dalrymple, . General Manager, Glasgow- Corporation Tramways. S.L. Jan. 11, 1892. 3786 >» ,, George Douglas MacLellan, Student. S. Oct. 6, 1908. 3787 ,_ ., Walter Scott MacLellan, . Engineer. S. »» »» 3788 , Grahame Hardie Thomson, „ S. »» »» 3789 Peter MacLellan Thomson, Iron Merchant. s. Feb. 1, 1900. 3790 Dee. 3, „ Henry Arnold Wilson, Iron and Steel Merchant. Str. Dec. 2, 1908. 3791 „ ,, John Gibb Dunlop, Engineer. Str. »» 99 3792 , f Alfred Fernandez Yarrow, Engineer and Shipbuilder. Str. „ „ 3793 »» " Archibald Barr, Engineer and Professor of Engineering. Str. " 3794 „ »» Frederick Wilson Hurd, . Engineer. S.L. »» *> 3795 » George William Drum- mond, S. »» »» 3796 Jan. 22, 1909, George Arthur Mitchell, . Coalmaster. Str. Jan. 22, 1909. 3797 William Walls Christie, . Doctor of Medicine. fS. yy ,, 3798 »» ., William Rowan Thomson, Engineer and Boilermaker. s! »* >» 3799 John Tennent, Iron and Steel Founder. S.L. Nov. 29, 1898. 3800 n „ George Blyth Robertson, . Accountant. S.L. Jan. 22, 1909. 3801 April 22, „ John Hutchinson Sharp, . Engineer. Str. April 22, „ 3802 »» ,- David Hope MacBrayne, Shipowner. Str. »» »> 3803 >» „ John Hamilton Turner, . Iron and Steel Merchant. Str. >» 1» 3804 »» „ Thomas Macqueen Robertson, Galvaniser. S. »» 99 3805 »» »» Andrew Watson Robertson, Engineer. S. 99 99 3806 Patrick Smith Dunn, Steamship Broker. S.L. 3807 „ Robert Henry Parry, Surgeon. S.L. »» •• 3808 July 7, !! Samuel Thomas Crush, . Assistant to Shipbuilding Manager. Str. July 7, ,. 3809 Andrew Brown, Engineer Manager. S. ?» 99 3810 , John M'Dougall Brown, . Naval Architect (Pupil). S. J> »* 3811 Sept. 7, ',', Sir Edward Priaulx Tennant, Bart., . Member of Parliament. s. Sept. 2, .. 3812 Sept. 30, ,. John Neilson M'Geoch, . Insurance Inspector. S.L. Aug. 10, .. 3813 J5 William Dougall, Aerated Water Manufr. S.L. Sept. 22, .. 3814 Alex. Stephen MacLellan, Engineer. s. Sept. 30, .. 3815 Oct. 25, !! Thomas M'Arly, Merchant. Str. Oct, 25, „ 3816 James Stedman Dixon, . Coalmaster. Str. Nov. 5, 1908. 3817 Walter Macfarlane, junr., Ironfounder. S. Oct, 25, 1909. 3818 Alexr. Reid Fraser, Stockbroker. S.L. 3819 Dec. ' 9, "„ John Buchanan, Jlining and Chemical Engineer. S. Dec. 9, „ 3820 May 26, 1910, Warren Crosbie, Solicitor. Str. May 26, 19H). 3821 »» Robert Ross, . Merchant. S. 3822 M John Ormiston Reid, ,, S. 3823 „ Andrew Harley, Upholsterer. S. 3824 Aug. 25, „ Andrew Carnegie, . Str. Aug. 23, „ 3825 Charles Ker, . Chartered Accountant. Str. 99 99 3826 Alexander Sclanders, Merchant. S. 99 99 3827 »> i» Edwin Osborne Fulton, Stockbroker. S. »* 364 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. No. Dute of Entry. Name. Occupation. Class. Date of Burgess Ticket. 3828 Aug. 25, 1910, Francis Symington Brown, Quarrymaster. S. July 26, 1910. 3829 ,, ,, Henry Palmer Henderson, Draper. s. Aug. 23, „ 3830 if ,, Alexr. Irving Henderson, »» s. ,, „ 3831 „ Harold Edgar Yarrow, Engineer. s. ,, ,, 3832 John Murdoch M'Killop, . Musical Instrument Mercht. S.L. Mar. 10, „ 3833 Oct. G, „ Alexr. Cleghorn, .Jr., Engineer. s. Oct. 5, „ 3834 »» ,, Wm. George Cleghorn, Sohoolboy. s. >• »> 3835 - James Fulton, Ironfounder. S. ,, „ 3830 , ( John Bardsley Cassels, Engineer. s. >» »» 3837 Oct. 24. " Peter MacLeod Baxter, . Mechanical Engineer. Str. Oct. 24, „ 3838 Win. Alexr. Sewell, M.B., Ch.B. S. ,, „ 3839 Geo. Calder MacLeod, Student. S. Aug. 4, 1909. 3840 Dec. 13, „ John Rankine Andrew, . Warehouseman. Str. Dec. 13, 1910. 3841 „ Chas. Russell Lang, Engineer. Str. ,, ,, 3842 John Traill C'argill, East India Merchant. Str. Dec. 3, 1908. 3843 ., ,, Jas. George Weir, . Engineer. S. Dec. 13, 1910. 3844 „ ,, Alastair Moray Mackay, Merchant. S. )» »> 3845 (> ,, Ian Norman Mackay, Schoolboy. S. >> »» 3840 n ^^ Robert Victor Stewart, . Jeweller. S. Dec. 0, 1900. 3847 n Robert Todd Cochrane, . Stockbroker. S. Dec. 3, 1910. 3848 t> JT Donald Robertson Paterson, Contractor. S.L. Sept. 8, 1879. 3849 Mar. 10, 1911. Jas. Howden Hume, Engineer. Str. Aug. 21, 1906. 3850 »» James Hamilton, Merchant. Str. Feb. 22, 1909. 3851 , John Weir, Engineer. Str. Dec. 29, 1910. 3852 ,, Alexr. Steven Bilslaml, Student. S. Sept. 26, 1902. 3853 Aug. 18, „ James Hay, . Ironfounder. S.L. June 21, 1909. 3854 " Leslie Ritchie Graham Jenkins, Engineer. S. Aug. 18, 1911. 3855 .. „ Patrick Graham Jenkins, Engineer. S. ■ 1 ,1 3850 •' Walter Hope Graham Jenkins, Airedale, Cambuslang. s. 3857 Sept. 11, „ Rosebery, The Earl of, K.G., K.T., etc. (Honorary Member). Oct." 23, 1907. 3858 Sept. 15, ., Harry M'Gowan, Assistant Manager, Nobel's Explosives Co., Ltd. Str. Sept. 15, 1911. 3859 Oct. 6, ., Win. Thomson, Jr., Stockbroker. Str. Oct. 6, „ 3800 Oct. 31, ., Alex. M'Omisli, Chartered Accountant. Str. May 19, 1904. 3801 „ David Davidson, Engineer and Ironfounder. S. Oct. Si, 1911. 3802 >» John Russell M'Kay, Marine Engineer. S. n tf 3803 John Stout, . ( 'lerk. S. Dee. 3, 1900. 3804 De. 8, .. Wm. Holms Hoggan, S Lynedoch Crescent. S. Dec. 8, 1911. MEMBERS of the MASTER COURT -1912 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 365 VII. INDEX OF MEMBERS' NAMES. Note. — J'he number refits to the List 0/ Members from whieh fuller particulars may be gained concerning ecu h Entrant. Name. No. Akeiue, Wm., . 10 Anderson?, James, . 81 Andersonne, Robt., . 85 Alexander, Robert, . . 124 Auldcorne, Johne, . 128 Andersoune, Johne, . . 139 Andersoun, Robert, Yr., . 171 Andersoune, James, 222 Auldcorne, Wm., 237 Anderson, James, Yr., 207 Anderson, John, 327 Anderson, John, 330 Allan, Thomas, 338 Arrall, Wm., . 355 Anderson, John, 385 Aird, Wm., 450 Adshead, James, 540 Alder, Edwards, 576 Adam, John, . 027 Aitkenhead, Daniel, 031 Adshead, James Brown, 080 Adshead, Thos., 095 Aitken, Peter, 720 Austin, John, . 778 Anderson, John, 830 Auld, Patrick, 803 Adam, James, 878 Aird, Wm., Yr., 917 Aitken, John, . 952 Aitken, Robt., 1043 Aitchison, John, 1047 Aitken, Wm., . 1073 Aitken, Robt., Jr., . 1080 Aitken, James, 1109 Armstrong, Archd., . 1141 Adshead, Wm., 1153 Alexander, Wm., 1205 Alexander, Alexander W., 1213 Aitken, Alex., . 1224 Allan, James, . 1225 Anderson, James, 1231 Allan, James, . 1254 Arthur, John, . 1269 Anderson, Wm., 1294 Arthur, Robt., 1373 Aitken, Peter, . 1394 Name. Auehinvole, John, . Alexander, Win., Jr., Anderson, Hugh Locke, Anderson, James, Anderson, William, . Anderson, John, Aitchison, Laurence, Allan, Thomas, Alexander, James, . Abercromby, Archibald, . Allardyce, Arehd. M'Neil, . Anderson, James, Allan, Thomas, Jr., . Adshead, Neil, Arnott, Thomas Leburn, . Alexander, John Clark, Alexander, Forrester, Alston, Charles Henry, Arthur, John, Jr., Aitken, Michael, Aikman, Charles Brown, . Armstrong, William John, Anderson, John, Ancell, John, . Alexander, David Ritchie, Aitken, James, Armstrong, Thomas Newton, Adam, Joseph Turnbull, . Arrol, W T illiam, Arrol, Thomas Arthur, Armstrong, Thomas, Armstrong, Samuel, Aitken, Thomas Martin, . Alexander, William, Anderson, Alexander, Allardyce, Archd. M'Neill, . Anderson, James, Adshead, William, . Adshead, James Brown, . Allan, James, . Anderson, George, . Alexander, Robert Fisher, Alexander, James, . Alexander, Rev. Archd., B.D. So. Name. No. 1410 Agnew, George Alexander 2849 1419 Anderson, John, . 2946 1445 Arrol, James, . . 2980 1498 Anderson, William Martin , 3003 1544 Alley, Stephen, . 3009 1550 Adamson, Alexander, . 3190 1552 Anderson, David, . 3275 1005 Aspin, James Ernest, . 3276 1008 Aitken, Charles King, . 3351 1079 Alston, John Motherwell, . 3374 1728 Anderson, William, . . 3426 1772 Aspin, James, . . 3439 1915 Allan, James Gibb, . . 3448 1900 Alexander, Wm. James, . 3497 2003 Ancott, Thomas, Jr., . 3513 2015 Abcrcrombie, Wm., . . 3556 2010 Allan, Thos. Warren, . 3565 2019 Anderson, John Kirkwood , 3590 2050 Anderson, William, . . 3608 2124 Anderson, Wm. Boyd, . 3627 2129 Alexander, David Duff, . 3632 2131 Arrol, Thomas, . 3083 2130 Aitken, Archd. Robertson, 3710 2215 Aitken, Wm. Leckie Ewiug, 3711 2225 Aroll, Thomas, 3716 2293 Arrol, Wm., 3720 Arrol, Robt. Alex., . 3730 2335 Arrol, George Young, 3731 2451 Arrol, James, . 3732 2509 Andrew, John Rankine, 3840 2510 2531 Braidwood, William, 19 2532 Baillie, John, . 24 2601 Baird, Wm., . 32 2607 Black, Johnne, 35 2630 Burnes, Jon, . 59 2705 Blackwood, Andro, 67 27111 Barclay, James, 68 2718 Buntein, Patrik, 70 2720 Broun, Johne, 71 2802 Brouulie, James, 75 2805 Baillyie, Andrew, 107 2819 Black, Alex., . 112 2820 Bryce, James, . 114 Black, Andro, . 115 2821 Burnes, John, . 118 366 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Nam. 1 . No. Name. No. Name. No. Blackes, David and Johne, 132a Buchanan, John, 924 Bowstead, Thomas Fassett, 1661 Bumes, Robert, 133 Bowman, James, 922 Baird, James, . 1672 Bryoe, Alex., . 143 Bell, David, . 921 Bannerman, Walter, 172., Bogill, .John, . 153 Beggs, Tlios., . 932 Hairy, David, . 1730 Brock, Robert, I.I Brown, 1 lhai li s, •>t:; Brow n. Robert, 1736 Blackwood, John, 157 Brow n. John, . '.Hi Baker, Joseph, 1739 Barr, Wm., . 158 Burns, Archibald Nisbet, 958 Bell, i ..urge, . 1740 Buntine, George, L62 Barclay, John, 981 Broadfoot, John, 1762 Browne, Wm., ITS Browning, James, 995 I'.n.u n, William, 1767 Buchannan, Duncan, Ills Brodie, John, . 1003 Blyth, I'h.. mas, 1768 Black, Johne, Yr., . 213 Burred, James, 1008 Blair, -lame.. . I77S Bryce, Alex., . 218 Bartie, Thos.. . 1035 Belch, John, 1782 Bulloch. Win., 238 Burton, Alexr., 1039 Bennett, John B.. 1784 Bryce, Patrick, 244 Burns, Robt., . 1045 1 ■ ton, Thomas, 1798 Boyd, James, . 247 Burns, Alexr.. . 1051 Bowie. Campbell Tail, 1815 Buntain, John, 266 Broom, Alexr.. 1052 Broadfoot, James, 1818 Black, Wm., . 268 Bell, Edward, . 1062 Brown, David, 1833 Buchannan, Patrick, 289 Buchanan, James. 1068 Brand, John, . 1834 Brown, John, . 294 Balfour, David, Kin;, Brown, Robert, 1841 Brady, John, 295 Barclay, Robt., 1096 Broadfoot, William, 1859 Black, John, Yi\, 309 Buchanan, Jul m, Jr.. 1098 Boyd, William, 1862 Bryce, John, . 336 Barclay, Thos., 1115 Brown. James, 1 897 Burnside, Andrew, . 343 Brown, ( leorge. 1118 Blackwood, Thomas, 1913 Buchanan, Wm., 391 Brown, George, 1129 Buchanan, James, 1920 Brydson, Thos., 392 Brodie, Wm., . 1135 Baker, Thomas, 1939 Burns, John, . 4M1 Barclay. George, 1157 Blair, James Mac Lallan, 1940 Buchanan, Robt., 405 Burgess, David, II 6S Butler, Dugald, 1943 Bell, Wm., 421 Barr, John, 1172 Brown, George, 1949 Burnside, John, 423 Braid, Wm., Sr., 1179 Blair, George MacLellan, . 1953 Bell, Walter, . 427 Bryson, Charles, 1181 Brock, Walter, 1962 Buchanan, George, . 453 Bowman, Alexr., 1183 Burnet, John, . 1978 Ballantine, Robt., Bannerman, James, 454 4(33 t, ( Alexander, i Brown, - , , I Andrew', J 1107 Baldie, Robert, Boyd, William, Jr., . 1986 1988 Baiue, Dugald, 464 Buchanan. Robt., Jr., 1212 Bain, James, . 1992 Brand, John, . 480 Bald, Robert, . 1223 Boyd, James, . 2008 Bell, Alex., 501 Brown, Alexr., 1238 Blyth, Thomas .Smart, 2028 Buchan, James, 510-1 Bilsland, Wm.. 1248 Boucher, James, 2054 Bain, Joseph, . 527 Beith, James, . 1256 Brown, David (Coalmaster ,2063 Barr, Wm., 532 Buchanan, (leorge. . 1272 Birrell, James, 2097 Bonlroun, Alex., 538 Buchanan, Michael Kowand,1279 Brock, Henry, 2108 Brunton, Alex., 569 Barr. Thomas, 1282 Brown, Alexander Marshall ,2113 Beith, Robt., . 575 Brownlie, Thos., 1345 Bowser, Howard, 2137 Baird, Nicol, . 596 Buchanan, John, 1347 Bruce, Henry, 2145 Baird, Robt., . 599 Bain, John, 1349 Blackie, Robert, 2162 Band, Hugh, . 600 Brown, Andw.. 1367 Bell, David, . 2185 Brown, James, 611 Black, Andw.. 1379 Boyd, David Thomson, 2203 Bowman, Thos., 626 Baird, Walter, . 1381 Butters, James, 2210 Bisset, James, 641 Bell, George, 1396 Bowie, John Henry, 2223 Brown, Edward, 654 Baird, Archd., 1397 Buchanan, James, 2237 Bell, George, . 655 Brown, Francis, 1433 Br iwn, Daniel, 2243 Burrell, Andw., 663 Bruce, Robt., . 1441 Bannerman, Henry Brydon, Wm., 673 Binnie, John, . 1452 Campbell, 2247 Brown, Charles, . 683 Bilsland, Alexr., Jr., 1478 Bateman, Benjamin, 2271 Barker, Alex., . 738 Bilsland, William, 1479 Bruce, Henrv, Jr., , 2280 Brown, Robt., 770 Bilsland, David, 1 ISO Bell, John, . 2322 Buchanan, Robertson, . 800 Bilsland, Robert, 1481 Bateman, John Frederic, . 2331 Brodie, Donald, 806 Boag, John, 1555 Brand, James, 2332 Bannatyne, John, 839 Buchanan, Andrew. . 1558 Bunten, James Clark, 2342 Bennet, James, 841 Buchanan, James, 1559 Bogue, Robert Alexander, 2352 Bruce, John, . 852 Brown, Andrew, i.-.t:: Bruce, John Abercromby, 2367 Bulloch, John, 853 Brown, Andrew, 1574 Brown, Andrew, 2368 Bilsland, Alexr., 899 Bryden, James, 1628 Brown, James, 2369 Buchanan, John, 900 Barrow, Frederick August us,1644 Bain, Aulay, . 2374 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 367 Name. No. Buchanan, John Bunten, 2379 Barker, John, . 2382 Barker, John Ruddach, 2383 Bell, Finlay, . 2388 Black, James, . 2395 Brydon, Robert Alexr., 2405 Brand, Alexr. George, 2408 Brand, David, Jr., . 2409 Bruce, James Alexr., 2411 Bayne, Andrew Malloch, 2412 Broadfoot, John Rowland, 2433 Brand, Andrew Reid, 2452 Buchanan, Andrew, . 2460 Burns, Arthur, 2461 Bennett, Robert James, 2469 Buchanan, David M'Culloc li,2470 Buchanan, John Yuile, 2471 Burley, Bennet Bruce, 2472 Brown, James, 2478 Brown, John, . 2480 Brown, Daniel, Jr., . 2481 Brown, David Robtrtson, 2482 Brown, Francis Hamilton, 2483 Blair, George, . Bone, Charles Christison, . 2484 2486 Barr, James, . 2514 Burrell, William, 2543 Burrell, George, 2544 Burrell, Adam G., 2545 Burrell, William, Jr., 2546 Boyd, Patrick Macindoe, . 2547 Blair, Henry, . 2550 Brown, William, 2553 Barbour, Robert Smith, . 2571 Barr, David, 2578 Barton, William Blair, 2593 Bell, John Lang, 2599 Bell, Thomas Reid, . 2600 Bennie, James, Jr., . 2606 Boyd, David, . 2612 Blair, Alexander, 2634 Brown, Richard, 2641 Brownlee, Alexander, 2652 Belch, John, . 2662 Breen, George, 2668 Bennie, John, . 2672 Black, John 2677 Blair, David Alexander, . 2681 Blair, James Barton, 2682 Buchan, Wm. Paton, 2699 Buchan, David Waddell, . 2743 Buchan, George Paton Wallace, 2744 Buchan, Alexander Stewart ,2745 Bryden, Robert Lochart, . 2746 Brown, Revd. Andrew Morrison, 2781 Brown, William Lochore, . 2792 Barr, Robert, . 2823 Bryden, Thomas, 2825 Brown, Thomas W. L., 2844 Bishop, William, 2851 Bishop, Thomas, 2859 Name. No. Bishop, William, Jr., . 2860 Burke, Thomas, . .2915 Baird, John George Alexr., 2934 Barr, Henry, . . . 2941 Barnwell, Richard, . . 2960 Burrell, Henry, . . 2983 Bell, James, . . . 2987 Bain, Andrew, . . 3008 Biggart, Andrew Stevenson, 3026 Biggart, Thomas, . . 3027 Brown, George, . . 3038 Baird, Matthew Barr, . 3041 Brock, Henry William, . 3053 Brownlee, James, . . 3062 Brownlee, William, . . 3063 Brownlee, Alexander, Jr., 3064 Baillie, James, . . 3068 Bilsland, William, . . 3103 Bow, James, . . . 3107 Barbour, William Roxburgh, 3136 Bell, Finlay Stuart, . .3137 Buchan, Bruno Tyndall, . 3138 Barclay, David, . .3177 Brown, John Macvicar, . 3208 Brown, Alexander, . . 3209 Brown, David, . . 3210 Brown, William, . .3211 Binnie, David Dreghorn, . 3263 Buchanan, William, . 3271 Buchanan, Robert, . . 3272 Bell, George, . . . 3279 Binnie, Robert Bayne Jardine, . . .3311 Beardmore, William, . 3316 Bergius, Walter Carl, . 3318 Blair, James Scott MacLellan, . . . 3326 Bowser, Charles Howard, . 3328 Barras, George William, . 3337 Benzie, Robert Marr, . 3341 Bennett, George Bowen, . 3369 Bilsland, William Blair, . 3378 Benzie, Robert Marr, Jr., . 3379 Bach, Albert Wm. zum, . 3382 Bannerman, Robert, . 3388 Brown, Thomas Stark, . 3412 Burrell, Gordon George, . 3418 Burrell, Thomas M'Kaig, . 3417 Burrell, William, . . 3416 Baird, Allan Watson, . 3456 Binnie, John, . . . 3478 Brock, John Charles, . 3484 Black, John Frederick, . 3519 Brown, Chas. Hugh Taylor, 3520 Brown, James, . . 3524 Brown, Andrew, . . 3531 Brown, William, . 3533 Brown, Andrew M'Neil, . 3534 Brown, Walter, . . 3535 Brown, James M'Neil, . 3536 Bell, Thomas, . . . 3546 Brown, Thos. Anderson. . 3558 Bruce, John, . . . 3562 Name. No. Bryden, Charles John Baxter, . . . 3580 Buchanan, John Gray, . 3625 Bryden, Andrew Francis Stewart, . . . 3628 Brock, Henry, . . 3640 Bryden, Wm. Clarke, . 3668 Bennett, John Chas. Bell, . 3673 Bayne, Hugh Kennedy, . 3676 Bayne, Charles Malloch, . 3677 Boyd, John, . . . 3682 Bell, George, Jr., . . 3685 Baird, James, . . . 369] Baird, Allan Watson, Jr., . 3692 Brown, Alexr. Lawrie, . 3727 Brownlie, Archibald, . 3759 Bell, Wm. Douglas, . . 3767 Blacklock, Duncan C. S., . 3769 Barr, Archibald, . . 3793 Brown, Andrew, . . 3809 Brown, John M'Dougall, . 3810 Buchanan, John, . . 3819 Brown, Francis Symington, 3828 Baxter, Peter MacLeod, . 3837 Bilsland, Alexr. Steven, . 3852 Couynghame, Robert, . 2 Clark, James, ... 4 Calderwood, Androw, . 38 Calderwood, John, . . 49 Clerk, Thos., ... 62 Craig, Androw, . . 146 Currie, Johne, . . . 148 Craig, Johne, . . .160 Craig, Johne, . . . 165 Corbet, Walter, . .168 Cuming, Thos., . . 180 Crawfurd Stephen, . . 186 Currie, Allane, . .189 Coalzier, James, . .190 Craig, James, . . .196 Cumming, James, . . 200 Clerk, Wm., . . .215 Chambers, Alexr., . . 217 Currie, John, . . .235 Craig, George, . . . 259 Crawford, Robt., . . 262 Craig, John, Yr., . . 265 Crawford, Wm., . . 278 Corbet, Walter, . . 279 Charras, Charles, . . 285 Craig, Robt 306 Craig, George, . . .311 Collier, James, . .317 Carr, Andrew, . . . 319 Chambers, John, . . 325 Campbell, John, . . 339 Craig, Robt 360 Calder, John, . . . 361 Crighton, James, . . 362 Cuthbertson, Wm., . . 364 Cullen, James, . . 370 Cameron, Alexr., . . 373 368 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Name. No. Clypon, Charles, 380 Clark, James, . 386 Clark, David, . 387 Craig, Bobt., 124 ( Yam. ( icorge, . 132 Craig, William, Jr., . 134 Craig, Robt., . 436 Campbell, John, 169 Carae, James, . 503 Campbell, Daniel, ,oi ; Craig, John, 510-2 Clark, .Icilm, 520 Coats, Andw., - 537 Chadwick. John, •43 Coats, Archd., 546 Craig, James, . 502 Crichton, Andw., o92 Cameron, Wm., 594 Carse, Robt., . H28 Cowie, John, . 649 Corbitt, Walter, 657 Crichton, Robt., 006 Craig, William, 667 Cram, John, 675 Cowan, Win., . 082 Cowan, John, . 698 Crichton, Robt., 708 Crookshanks, Robt., 730 Cochrane, Archd., 751 Cochrane, Thos., 752 Chalmers, Thos., 758 Craig, John Jamieson, 703 Craig, Allan, . 764 ( Irawford, Wm., 708 Coghill, James, 773 Calder, John, Jr., 834 Curtis, Riobd., . 842 Christie, Campbell, . . 845 Clark, Francis, . 848 Crichton, Walter, . 882 Creighton, Henry, . 885 Caldwell, David, . 890 Collier, Samuel, . 905 Cuthbertson, John. . . 909 Cuthbertson, Wm., . . 910 Coventry, John, . 919J Cross, John, . 926 Crichton, David, . 951 Corbet, Robt,, . 957 Chalmers, George, . (107 Christie, Daniel, . 008 Campbell, John, . 972 Cook, James, . . 980 Cross, Robt., . . 1100 C.Jlier, Thos., . 997 Coates, James, . 1007 Carmichael, James, . . 1042 Cocker, James, . 1001 Cochrane, John. . 1063 Cree, John, . 1107 Cook, Wm., . 113.' Cowan, Wm., ■ .1134 Chalmers, Thos., Jr., . 1139 Name. No. Carss, Andrew, . . 1147 (V. .11, John, . . . 1159 Oilier. John, . . . 1102 Cross, John, . . .1171 Cameron, Peter, . . 1 174 Cameron, Wm., . . 1175 Clark, Robt 1105 Campbell, Wm., . . 1208 Cuthbert, John. . . 1210 Christie, Wm. Walls, . 1227 Campbell, John, . . 1228 Clark, Wm 1259 Cameron, Dugald, . . 1260 Cocker, Wm. Dixon. . 1273 Crichton, John, . . 1275 Colcruhoun, .lames, . . 1278 Chapman, David, . . 1297 Campbell, John, . . 1 20K Campbell, Duncan, . . 1325 Combe, James, . . 1334 Crichton, David, . . 1343 Chapman, Thos., . . 1350 Crawfurd, Robt., . . 1300 Crichton, James, . . 1422 Crichton, Wm.. . . 1423 Campbell, Walter, . . 1431 Chapman, Francis, . . 1430 Christie, John, . . 1440 Christie, Alexr.. . .1447 Clark, Wm. Ebenr. Cook, . I 159 Cruikshanks, Robt., . 1466 Cruikshanks, James, . 1409 Crawford, Joseph Tucker, 1474 Coventry, Bogle, . . 1491 Crichton, Robert, . . 1524 Campbell, Donald, . . 1527 Colquhoun, Daniel, . . 1554 Cocker, Henry, . . 151 id Coupor, James, St., . . 1507 Couper, James, Jr.. . . 1568 Couper, William, . . 1569 Couper, Roderick A., . 1570 Campbell, Joseph, . .1588 Clinkskill, James, . . 1002 Cochrane, Alexander, . 1012 Caldwell, William, . . 1626 Cameron, John, . .1031 Colquhoun, John, . . 1033 Curie, Robert, . .1012 Cassels, Robert, . . 1043 Colquhoun, Lachlan, 1 010 Cameron, Duncan, . . 1055 Craig, Alexander, . . 1 70S Combe, George Jones, . 1737 Combe, William, . .1738 Craig, James, Jr., . . 1744 Clark, William Norman, . 1753 Campbell, Colin, . . 1775 Chrystal, Robert, . . 1781 Cochran, James, . . 1787 Christie, John, . . 1801 Christie, Wm. Walk . 1802 Cochrane, John, . . 1825 Name. No. Cocluane, Thomas, . . 1820 Coats, John, . . . 1831 Cansh, Robert, . .1848 Cansh, Thomas, . . 1849 Cameron, Hugh, . . 1870 Chrystal, Robert, Jr., . 1882 Curie, Robert Barclay, . 1891 Conner, Benjamin, . . 1904 Chalmers, William, . . 1912 Counell, William, . . 1923 Cassels, John R., . . 102.. Cassels, Robert, Jr., . 1020 Cassels. Peter Wilson, . 1927 Caldwell, James, . . 1937 Campbell, Colin, . . 1938 Chrystal, John Wyse Mackie, . . .1957 Cook, James, . . . 2066 Cairns, Christopher, ■ ■ -'07o Christie, Alexander, . . 2070 Chalmers, John, . . 2193 Campbell, Alexander, . 2245 Carnpboll-Bannerman, Henry, . . . 2247 Caldwell, Hugh, . . 2251 Caird, James, . . . 2259 Campbell, David, . . 2274 Carswell, Wm. Jenkins, . 2282 Christie, James Hunter, . 2319 Clark, John, . . . 2321 Cunninghame, John, . 2334 Cruikshank, Robt. Alexr., . 2356 Cruikshank, Francis James, 2357 Cruikshank, James Brown, 2358 Cunninghame, John Charles,2301 Cochrane, Alexr., . . 2372 Cassells, James Paterson, . 2389 Collins, William, . . 2390 Coulborn Edward Rushton, 2394 Croll, David, . . . 2402 Campbell. Daniel, . . 2422 Craig, William Blackburn, 2424 Caldwell, William, . . 2437 Caldwell, James, Jr., . 2438 Copeland, James, . . 2443 Campbell, Lord Colin, . 2448 Copland, Wm. Robertson, 2450 Clark, William, . . 2457 Clinkskill, James, Jr., . 2494 Crichton, George, . . 2498 Cunningham, James, . 2501 Campbell, James, . . 2542 Chrystal, William, . . 2549 Cochran, James, Jr., . 2560 Craig, Wm. Cnmming, . 2594 Crichton, Wm. Gilchrist, . 2603 Coventry, Robert Imrie, . 2001 Campbell, John, . . 2050 Cassels, William, . . 2695 Cassells, John, . . 2702 Campbell, John M'Knight, 2703 Colville, David, . . 2707 Cameron, Dugald, . .2719 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 369 Name. No. Craig, John Shaw, . . 2733 Campbell, Duncan. . . 2737 Cant, James, . . . 2751 Cassels, John Steel, . . 2774 Cherrie, James MaeCallum, 2797 Clinkskill, Alfred Alphonse Rouff, . . .2841 Clark, John, . . 2842 Connell, Charles Broadfoot, 2871 Carswell, Robert, . .2877 Cannichacl, John. . . 2898 Crasher, John M'Gregor, . 2899 Colville, John, . . 2917 Clark, John Cardno Couper, 2920 Coventry, John, . . 2929 Carrick, Samuel Macadam, 2933 Clark, William, . . 2930 Cameron, John, . . 2948 Caldwell, William, . . 2942 Copland, John Pearson, . 2971 Copland, William Robertson, junr. 2972 ColviUc. David, Jr., . . 2970 Copland, Alex. Murray, . 2995 Clark, Andrew Renfrew, . 3016 Clark, Charles Kincaid, . 3017 Campbell, Angus, . . oil 19 Christie, John GDkison, . 3055 Colville, Archd., . . 3058 Cochran, Peter Taylor, . 3079 Criehton, John Gray, . 3111 Council, Wm. Cuthbert Smith, . . . 3131 Campbell, James, . .3139 Campbell, John Reid, . 3140 Campbell, William Hobart, 3141 Campbell, George Robert son, 31 42 Clark, James, . . . 3178 Connel], John Campbell, . 3181 Christie, John, Jr., . .3191 Christie, Henry Flockhart, .".192 Clement, James, . . 3201 Clark, William, . . :t2tl7 Clark, George, Jr., . . 3224 Campbell, Thomas, . . 3252 Cairns, Andrew, . . 3202 Connell, George Douglas, . 3273 Connell, James Gray, . 3283 Campbell, John, " . . 3290 Cuthbert, James, . . 3292 Cuthbert, William, . . 3324 Craig, Alex. Turnbull, . 3325 Chatrian Emile, . . 3339 Cochrane, James Taylor, . 3342 Cairney, William Douglas, 3350 Conacher, Robert, . . 3373 Campbell, James Edward, 3380 Cooper, David, . . 3393 Chamberlain, George Mylne, 3407 Cleland, Charles John, . 3422 Cockburn, George, . . 3424 Couper, James Brown, . 3425 Name. No. Cameron, James M'Hutchison, . . 3464 Cameron, John, Jr., . 345S Chalmers, Robt. Miller, . 3463 Crawford, Robert, . . 3468 Cross, Lewis, . . . 3490 Cameron, Duncan, . . 3494 Cassels, Robt. Duulop, . 3500 Craig, Archd. Montgomerie, 3505 Crawford, John Rae, . 3544 Campbell, William, . . 3554 Cook, Alexr. Chaplain, . 3555 Cameron, Cosmo Gordon, . 3578 Conuell, Thos. Gray, . 3579 Craig, Edward Henry Stanley, . . . 3585 Cockburn, David, . . 3592 Cockburn, Alexr. Paterson, 3593 Craig, Arthur Blackburn, . 3024 Caird, Patrick Tcnnant, . 3626 ! Cameron, Walter Keir. . 3030 Cameron, Keir, . . 3031 Crawford, David, . . 3043 ( lampbeli, Colin, . . 3059 ; Campbell, John, Jr.. . 3000 i Couper, Roderick, . 3662 ' Cameron, Hugh, . . 3694 Clark, George, . . 37l '• Clark, Alexr. Erskine, . 3707 Cameron, Robt. Thorn, . :;7-'!i i Cleghorn, Alexr., . . 3741 Copland, Jas. M'Keuzic, . 3742 Copland, George Donaldson, 3745 1 Copland, Edward Robert, 3740 Campbell, Angus, Jr., . 3750 Cassells, David Young, . 3781 Combe, John William. . 3783 Christie, William Walls, . 379"; Crush. Samuel Thomas, . 3808 Crosbie, Warren, . . 3820 Carnegie, Andrew, . . 3824 Cleghorn, Alexr., Jr., . 3833 I Cleghorn, Wm. George, . 3834 : Cassels, John Bardsley, 3836 Gargill, John Traill, . . 3842 Cochrane, Robert Todd, . 3847 Duncane, Win.. . . Dalgleische, Robt., . . 34 J Donnald, David, . . 41 I Duncane, James, . . 53 Drumond, Johne, . . 65 Darroch, Ninian, . . 72 Duncansone, Johne, . 73 Duncan, Johne, \ 1.. . 70 Dunlop, James, . . 92 Dunlopc, James, . .137 Dobbie, Robert, . . 145 Duncan, James, Davie, Jon, . . . 159 Dunlope, Wm., . . 166 Davidsoune, John, . . 107 Dunlop, Robert, . . 170 Name. No. Donaldsonc, Alexr., . 188 Dinnestouije, Andro, 210 Dunlop, Wm., 211 Dunlop, James, 220 Donald, David, 225 Dick, David, . 242 Donnald, John, 249 Duncan, James, 253 Donnald, John, 270 Dennestoun, Archd., 277 Duidop, John, 282 Donn, James, . 299 Dobie, Robt., . 304 Duncan, Wm., 315 Drew, Hendry, 349 Downie, Wm., 351 Davidson, Matthew, 353 Drysdale, Alexr., 372 Duncan, James, 382 Dun, Wm., 396 Dawson, John, 410 Dunbar, Thos., 418 Duncan, John, 428 1 lonald, John, 455 Duncan, James, 473 Downie, Wm., 476 Downie, Wm., 481-2 Dick, Robt., . 495 Downie, John, tor. Drew, Wm., 566 Dunn, Wm., 019 Dobbie, John, . 030 Dawson, James, 662 Dobbie, Wm., . 664 Dnnipace, Wm., 710 Dunn, John, . 723 Dunn, Matthew, 711 Downie, James, 806 Dallas, Torquil, 818 Duncan, Robt., 829 Downie, George, S7I Dougal, John, . 910 Dobbie, Andrew, 923 Downie, James, 990 Durnam, Thos., w:\ Dixon, Wm., . 998 Dixon, John, . 999 Drummoiid, Robt., . Hill) Drew, Wm., 1032 Drew, Peter, 1033 Dawson, John, Jr., . loll Donaldson, Alexr., . IU48 Dobbie, John, . . ln.->7 Drysdale, Andw., 1100 Douglas, Wm.. . 1144 Downs, Henry, . 1154 Dempster, Wm., . 1101 Dron, Alexr., . . 1210 Darge, John, . . 125] Donaldson, John, . I2.Y! Dodds, Joseph. . 1366 Dickson, James, . 1302 Drew, James, . . 1368 370 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Nnnie. No. Name. No. Name. No. Duff, John, i:(85 Donaldson, William Duncan, Hugh, . 350 1 1 lallas, Alexr., 1386 Anderson, 2561 Duglas, Malcolm Canton. . 3567 Dougall, .lames Dalziel, 1 395 Dansken, John, 2565 1 lick, James MacNair, . 3606 1 iku. I'd or, 1 lis Drummond, < Jregor, 2570 Dow, John Archd.. . 3650 Dow nil', W'm., 1430 Duncan, Daniel, 2577 Duncan, ( lharles MaoKin ay,3690 Duncan, Daniel Ferguson, 1509 Dunlop, David John, 2583 Dalrymple, James, . .' 3785 Drummond, John, 1593 Dallas, Charles William, 2592 Dunlop, John Gibb, . 3791 1 kraglas, Robert, 1030 Daly, James, Jr., 26 1 3 Drummond, Gi orgi 1 i;ulin^, William, 1650 Duncan. Robert, 2636 William, . 3795 Donald, John, 1669 Dunlop, Bbenezer Douglas 2659 Dougall, William, . 3813 Duff, William, 1674 Davie, William, 2664 Dixon, James Stedman, . 3816 Dalveen, Neil Bannatyne, 1685 Davie, Alexander Jaffray, . 2665 Davidson, David, . 3861 Daly, James, . 1699 Downie, John, 8r., . 2674 Dixon, Humphrey Campbi 11,1711 Downie, John. 267 S Swing, John, . . 320 Dickson, Archibald S., 1714 Drummond, Alexandei Ewing, George, . 406 Donaldson, James, . 1723 Brown, 2716 Ewing, Jacob, . 517 Dunn, James Ebene/.er, 1758 Drummond, Win. Broad Easton, George, . 009 Duncan, John, 178b foot 2717 Edington, John, . 670 Dubs, Henry, . 1791 Denny, Robert, 2727 Edington, Thos., . 671 Dion, William, 1793 Douglas, Robert, 2785 Ewing, Gabriel, . 707 Duncanson, John, 1800 Darling, William, 2795 Elder, Thomas, . 750 Donald, James Turner, 1819 Darling, James Thomson, . 2796 Edington, James, . 801 Doran, Joseph, 1845 Davie, John, 2838 Edington, Thos., . 802 Dougall, Francis Gibb, 1805 Donald, James A., . 2872 Eadie, John, . 1060 Donald, Robert Killoch, 18112 Dove, Daniel Douglas, 2873 Eadie, James, . . 1066 Dove, John, 1896 Dove, Peter Aitkenhead, . 2874 Edington, Thos., . 1295 Donald, James, 1906 Douglas, Robert Jeffray, . 2878 Edington, Alexr. Gray, . 1296 Donald, David, 1947 Douglas, John Park, 2879 Eadie, James, . . 1363 Drysdale, Archd. Browning , 1954 Dyer, Henry, . 2912 Ewing, James, . 1406 Dixon, John, . 1956 Douglas, Win., Jr., . 2923 Ewing, James, . 1455 Dundas, Robert, 1970 Douglas, Alfred Andrew, . 2924 Elder, Thomas, . 1493 Davidson, David, 1987 Dunsmuir, Hugh, 2947 Erskine, John, . 1504 Douglas, James Earl, 2tii 16 Dubs, Henry John Sillars, .2958 Ewing, Archd., . 1514 Darling, George Erskine, 2031 Davidson, Arthur Wm., 3024 Ewing, Alexr. Russell, . 1641 Darling, John, jo:; j Donaldson, Peter, 3044 Ewing, James, . 1676 Donaldson, Wm. Falconer, 2043 Denny, Joint M'Ausland, . 3051 Ewing, Jacob, . 1760 Drummond, Robert, 2125 Denny, Archd., 3052 Easton, Alexander, . . 2089 Drummond, Robert, Jr., 2126 Donald, William Anderson, 3065 Ewing, Archd. Orr, . . 2202 Drummond, John Broad Davie, Thomas, 3082 Edward, George, . 2204 foot, . 2127 Dick, Alan Alexr., . 3104 Elder, James, . . 2257 Donaldson, Robert, . 2146 Dunn, John Macphersou, . 3117 Easton, Robert, . 2340 Duncan, William, 2165 Denny, Peter, Jr., 3143 Edward, David, . 2488 Donaldson, Alexander, 2177 Dougall, Francis Gibb, Jr., 3144 Ewing, Michael, . 2562 Day, St. John Vincent, 2178 Dougall, James Dick, 3145 Eadie, Andrew, . 2888 Downie, Robert, 2209 Dunn, Alfred Warren, 3146 Edward, George, . 2977 Davidson, Alexr., 2211 Duncan, William Lees, 3204 Eadie, Archd., . 3118 Dougans, Andrew, 22 1 6 Dick, James, . 32 1 2 Easton, John Marshall. . 3237 Dougans, Andrew, Jr., 2217 Dick, Wm. Wason, . 3213 Easton, Wm. Cecil, . . 3266 Dougans, David Young, 2218 Dick, James, . 3229 Easton, Duncan Turner, . 3267 Dick, James, . 2253 Dick, Murray, . 3255 Eadie, Jolin Stephen, . 3645 Dick, James, . 2254 Duckett, George William, . 3269 Edward, David Herbert, . 3778 Duncan, James Alexr., 2255 Dunlop, Thomas, 3270 Edward, Arthur, . 3779 Duncan, Robert, 2256 Donaldson, Alexander, 3303 Duncan, James, 2283 Donaldson, Robert Michael, 3304 Fynniesoun, Johne, . 3 Dewar, James, 2295 Drummond, Walter, 3327 Fairie, James (Harvie '.'). . 96 Dow, Samuel, Yr., 2392 Donald, William, 3344 Fulton, Robt., . 241 Douglas, William, 2396 Donald, James, Jr., . 3353 Fleming, James, . 246 Denny, Peter, . 2413 Dunlop, Wm., 3359 Falconer, John, . 251 Douglas, Archd. Dougla Donald, James, 3394 Fairie, James, . . 273 Bryce, 2426 Donaldson, James, . 3445 Fleeming, Thos., . 274 Drummond, Dugald, 2430 Duncan, John, 3460 Fleming, Alexr., . 302 Dickie, James Hay, . 2496 Dunlop, John Dawson Farie, James, . . 403 Davie, Alexander, 2537 Harvey, 3489 Frazer, Peter, . . 411 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 371 Name. No. Falconer, James, . 419 Fleming, Andrew, . 425 Falconer, Win., . 429 Falconer, \Vm., . 435 Falcone)', Wm., . 441 Fleming, John, . 444 Forrest, Peter, . 514 Forrest, Alexr., . 515 Fleming, David, . 556 Fulton, John, . . 012 F'ulton, Alexr., . 013 Finlayson, James, . 651 Fisher, Robt., . . 685 Finlayson, James, . 709 Fleming, Andw., . 729 Finlayson, Thos., . 813 Ferguson, John, . 809 Forrest, John, . . 870 Ferrier, James, . 875 Fullarton, Alexr., . 894 Forsyth, George, . 897 Field, Henry, . . 901 Fyfe, George, . . 925 Ferguson, Richd., . 934 Ferguson, Wm., . 936 Fleming, Patrick, . 942 Fleming, Peter, . 948 Ferguson, John, . 953 Forsyth, David, . 956 Fleming, Robert, . 970 Forrest, Wm., . . 989 Forsyth, Dugald, . 1010 Fraser, James, . 1046 i*alconer, Patrick, Jr . 1070 Ferguson, James, . 1124 Fleming, Wm., . 1160 Finlay, John, . . 1265 Fyfe, John, . 1266 Finlay, James, . 1284 Yyie, Robert, . . 1287 Fyfe, Wm., . 1301 Fyfe, James, . . 1352 Fyfe, JameB, Jr., . 1420 Forgan, Thomas, . 1421 Fergusson, George, . 1434 Ferguson, Peter, . 1440 Falconer, Samuel, . 1482 Finlayson, John Ciai g, - 1483 Falconer, Thomas, . 1529 Ferguson, John Alex r., . 1543 Ferguson, Duncan, . 1553 Forbes, Daniel, . 1594 Ferguson, Richard, . 1680 Frew, Alexander, . 1681 Finlay, Alexander, . 1683 Ferguson, Ross, . 1706 Ferguson, John, . 1715 Field, Wm. B., . 1719 Ferrie, Joseph, . 1724 Fraser, Kenneth, . 1729 Finlay, Matthew Wa tsou, . 1741 Ferguson, John, . 1761 Forrester, Alexandei . 1770 Name. Faulds, Robert, Fisher, Daniel, Forrester, John, Francis, George Douglas, Ferguson, John, Jr., Fulton, David, Ferguson, Ross Alexr.. Fyfe, Hugh Mitchell, Forrest, Wm., . Forrester, John Merry, Fraser, William, Forrester, James, Forrester, 8am. Francis, Ferguson, Peter, Fulton, Robert, Ferguson, Robert, Forsyth, Wm., Forbes, Peter, . Frew, Alexr., . Frew, William Salmon. Ferguson, Russell Forrester, Fisher, John, . Fergus, James, Finlay, John, . Fleming, John, Fulton, William, Farquharson, George, Finlay, Joseph, Fairley, Matthew, Falconer, James, Ferguson, Wm., Ferguson, John Alexr., Ferguson, Thomas, . Falconer, Patrick, Fergusson, John, Jr., Fullarton, Wm. Pitt, Ferguson, James, Fergus, James, Jr., . Ferguson, Robertson Henderson, . . Ferguson, John, Ferguson, Wm. Templeton, Fyfe, William, Ferguson, George, Finlay, James, Ferrie, Joseph, Flint, William, Ferguson, Archd., Ferguson, Wm. Russell, Finlay, George, Flint, David Frame, Ferguson, William, . Finlay, Charles Joseph, Ferguson, Wm. John, Falconer, Alexr. Bilsland, . Forman, Charles de Neuf- ville, .... Ferguson, James Alexr., . Findlay, John Walker, Faill, John, Fisher, James Steel, Falconer, Samuel, Fisher, Daniel, Jr., . No. Name. No. 1811 Ferguson, Wm. MM ue, 367 1 1816 Flint, Wm. < lilchrist, 3665 L839 Flint, James Downs 1843 MacKenzie, . 31 1884 Flint, Andw. Fra mi 3667 1879 Ferguson, Alexr. BclJ, 3735 1918 Findlay, James Marshall, 3763 1931 Findlay, John Alexr., 3751 1964 Fraser, Alexr. Reid, 3818 1979 Fulton, Edwin Osborne, :;s27 1985 Fulton, James, 3835 L994 2035 Gilkersowne, Audio, 8 2128 Grahame, Johnne, . 28 2133 Galbraithe, Robert. . 46 2140 Gulieland, Wm., 66 2175 Gib, Johne, 78 2219 Govean, Alexr., 89 2234 Gairner, Allane, 105 2235 Grahame, Wm., 110 2236 Goveane, Johne. 111 2279 Galbraith, Archd., 135 2297 Gairner, Johne, 172 2314 Grahame, James, 177 2353 Gillmour, Matthew. . 1 93 2489 Gilmour, Wm., 219 2552 Glessfoord, Wm., 234 2557 Gilmour, John, 204 2567 Gregg, John, . 272 2597 Gemmill, Thos., 284 2608 Gothelf-Billsings, Johan, 286 2609 Gardner, Gabriel, 290 2637 Glen, Patrick, . 291 2075 Garner, John, . 300 2708 Greenlees, Jonas, 337 2734 Gilmure, Matthew, 348 2757 Gray, Robert, . 366 2787 Graham, James, 389 Gardner, Thos., 430 2894 Galbraith, James, 449 2961 Gardner, John, 491 3005 Gillies, Archd., 511 3043 Gardner, John, 529 3(147 Gray, James, . 535 3096 Graham, James, 544 3097 Gray, Robt., . 571 3130 Gibson, Daniel, 572 3147 Graham, Andw., 591 3148 Graham, John, 015 3149 Graham, James, 622 3247 Gray, Wm., 044 3257 Gray, Walter, .. 686 3313 Grosart, Peter, . 700 3315 Gardner, John, . 714 3352 Gilmour, Andrew, . 728 Gibson, James, . 739 3383 Gibson, John, . 741' 3398 Grierson, Philip, , 744 3399 Gow, Benjamin, . 803 3440 Gibson, Robt., . 814 3449 Gardner, James, . 816 3545 Graham, John, . 857 3557 Galbraith, Win., . 867 m THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Nnme. No. Gilmour, Allan, , SSI 1 i lardner, James, . 881 Gaibraith, James, 893 (iuurlie, Charles, . 903 ( 'uiv, James, Jr., . 949 i cibson, James, . '.17:; Govan, James, . 987 liourlay, John B., . 1017 Gunn, Robt., . 1026 Gaibraith, Robt., loss Gray, John, L091 Gray, Robert, . . 1099 Gray, Peter, 1102 Gillies, Peter, . 1143 Graham, Joseph, 1204 Graham, Andrew, 1221 • Iordon, John, 1270 ( lilison, John, . 1293 < ■ray, Charles, 1307 Cray, James, . 1310 ( >ray, James, . 1323 Gray, Thos., 1372 ' Geddes, James, 14311 Gascoyne, Hugh, i m Gaibraith, Wm., 1488 Gaibraith, Walter Smith, 1 189 Gilchrist, Robt., 1 ;.i is Clover, Robert, 1 537 Glen, Rev. John, 1578 : Gilchrist, Archd., 1635 Gow, Benjamin, 1666 Gaibraith, James, 1743 Gardner, John, 17.").-) Graham, James, 1769 ( iraham, John, 1813 Gilohrist, James, Jr., 1814 Gilchrist, James, 1817 Gow, Robert, Jr., 1823 Gibson, George Henry, 1 827 Glen, Ninian, . 1829 Glen, James, . 1830 Gaibraith, George Gait, 1852 Gaibraith, Fergus Fergusoi , 1853 Gaibraith, David Fairly, L854 Gourlay, John, L868 ( lovan, James, 1876 Gray, James, . 1877 Gilohrist, Archd., Jr., 1890 Gilchrist, David, 1930 Greenshields, Thos. Lead better, 1936 Gourlay, Robt., 1961 Gray, George, . 1963 Gibb, Archd. Gilchrist, 2018 Glen, David Corse, . 2022 Gillies, Archibald, 201)0 Gardner, Robert, 2095 Gardner, Daniel Robert ion 2 107 Gardner, John Taylor, 2155 Gale, James Morris, . 2174 Grant, Richard Robb, 2182 Grant, James, . 2192 Gardner, Robert, 2224 Name. Grierson, Henry, t rilfillan, James, i Jordon, James M'Call, ( ialloway, Thomas, . Galloway, Hugh Henry, Gibson, Robert, < ieddes, James Rcnnie, < cuilford, William, i lemmell, Win. Moikle, ( lallowaj , .lames Jluir, i lardner, James, ( iordon, John, Gemmill, Wm., Guthrie, Thos. Cochrane, . Gray, James, . Gilfillan, William, . Gillespie, John, Graham, John, Glen, David Corse, Jr., Galloway, Thos. Lightbody, Gibson, James, Gilchrist, Archd., Gilohrist, John M'Auslin, . Gilchrist, James Albert, Grant, James, . Gibb, Wm., . ( (rant, Thus. Maxwell, i Vmmill. John Leiper, Grant, John MacAndrcw, . Guest, George, Grey, John Gilchrist, Graham, John, Gunn, John, Graham, Mungo Macdougal, ( ialloway, Robt. Lightbody, Garrett, George, Graham, John Wm., Graham, Alex. Macdougal, Gilchrist, Hector (iordon, . Gray, John, Gray, Win., i 'r iy, James Thomson, Gray, John Wm. Alexr., Gardner, John Colquhoun, Greig, William, Gillies, Archibald, Glen, Charles, i (ourlay, And. Murray, i !ray, William, Glen, Robert, . Glen, Lawrence, Goldie, James, Gray, George, Jr., Glen, John, Grade, Alexander, . (den, Robert Rodger, Grierson, John Muir, Gray, George, . Gilfillan, James Graham, . Gilfillan, Wm. Wallace, . Gilfillan, George, Graham, John Murray, Graham, Mungo Allan, No. Name. No. 2240 Graham, Douglas Alex. 2258 Henry, 3719 2268 Graham, John Alex. Park, 3749 2281 Goldie, Ronald M'Dougall, 3757 2326 Groves, Robert Emmanuel , 3774 2407 Gemmell, John Lowthwaiti •, 3780 2410 2446 Hall, Johnne, . 30 2502 Huchesoune, Jon, 39 253 I Sendersone, Thomas, 50 2576 Hendersone, Wm., . 106 2010 Hodge, Johne, 110 2614 Hazniltoune, Johne, . 119 2015 Herbertsone, Johne, 173 2653 Henderson, Patrick, 203 2071 Hodgyaird, Wm., 200 2098 Hamiltone, James, . 212 2701 Hill, Thos., 224 2708 Hamiltoun, Frederick, 230 2769 Hogg, Wm., . 252 2800 Hill, Adam, 270 2800 Hallie, Thos., . 308 2807 Hunter, Thos., 340 2808 Hamilton, John, 371 2829 Hamilton, Wm., 378 2839 Hunter, John, 390 2858 Hosie, Andw., . 492 2889 Hemming, Henry, . 525 211(15 Hugg, John, 549 3006 llannington, Wm., . 570 3018 Halbert, Win., 014 3028 Hosie, John, . 703 3056 Heriot, James, 720 3059 Hill, David, . 733 3074 Hawkins, John, 737 3083 Higgins, Wm., 858 3101 Heggie, Ogilvie, 907 3102 Hislop, Alexr., 982 3109 Hardie, Thomas Girdwood, 1110 3110 Hunter, James, 1149 3150 Hadfield, George, 1169 3151 Heggie, James Bryce, 1207 3 1 52 Henderson, John, 1220 3170 Hood, John, 1202 3179 Hunter, Andw. Hally, 1289 3193 Handlay, John, 1330 3202 Hilliard, Harvey, 1331 3214 Herriot, Arthur, 1354 3232 Heron, David, 1414 3205 Hamilton, James, 1415 3274 Hood, Robert, 1454 33 1 7 Hardie, Henry, 1470 3370 Hannah, Alexr., 1490 3437 Home, John, . 1499 3407 Hamilton, Peter, 1507 3511 Henderson, James, . 1518 3517 Herkless, William, . 1519 3044 Hastie, Alexr., 1502 3701 Healy, Joseph, 1000 3702 Hamilton, Peter, Jr., 1038 3703 Houston, And. M'Dowall, . 1654 3717 Hamilton, John, 1690 3718 Hamilton, James, 16J9 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 373 Name. No. Name. No. Name. So. Hurll, John, 1693 Hamilton, David Christie, 2712 Hamilton, James, . 3850 Hamilton, George, . 1694 Hamilton, James Denny, . 2715 Hay, James, . 3853 Hamilton, John, Jr., 1695 Henderson, Osbert, . 2721 Hoggan, Wm. Holms, Hosie, John, . 1712 Henderson, Alexr. Robert- Hutchieson, Robert, 1717 son, .... 2722 Inglis, Thomas, 40 Hill, George, . 1718 Howie, Robert, 2723 Inglis, Daniel, . 68 Ho watt, James, 1785 Hutcheson, John, 2735 Inglis, John, . . 412 Haddow, William, 1835 Howie, Wm., . 2736 Ingram, Wm., . 457 Hutchison, Charles, . 1837 Hamilton, John, 2752 lmrie, Robt., . . 721 Hepburn, Wm. Joseph, 1838 Hamilton, Archd., Jr., 2786 Irvine, Robert, . 747 Hamilton, John, 1886 Harley, George, 2822 Inglis, Walter, . 826 Hamilton, James, Jr., 1887 Hendry, Alexr., 2863 Innes, George, . 918 Hunter, Robt., 1977 Hendry, Malcolm Allan Ingram, H., . 938 Hill, Wm. Henry, . 1980 Andrew, 2864 Innes, John, . 966 Hoggan, Andrew, 1981 Hutson, Guybon, 2870 Innes, Wm., . 1029 Hoggan, And., Jr., . 1982 Hendry, James Douglas, . 2881 Imrie, Robert, . 1050 Hoggan, George Bradbury, 1983 Hendry. John, 2882 Irvine Christopher, . 1111 Hendrie, John, 2020 Howat, William, 2902 Inglis, Anthony, . 1329 Hendry, James, 2042 Halley, George, 2904 Inglis, John, . 1583 Hornsby, John Thomson, . 2074 Hosie, Jonathan, 2925 Inglis, John, . . 1673 Hamilton, James, 2092 Harvey, Robert, 2951 Imrie, Robert, . 2491 Hurll, Peter, . 2101 Houston, Colin, 2959 Innes, Andrew, . 2619 Henderson, David, . 2147 Heys, Zechariah John, 2963 Inglis, Anthony, . 2713 Henderson, Wm., 2148 Hutson, Guybon, Jr., 3029 Inglis, James Denny . 2714 Hutchison, Peter, 2206 Hamilton, Robt. Smith, . 3033 Inglis, John Anthony, . 2790 Handley, Thomas, . 2220 Hendry, George Scott, 3040 Inglis, Patrick Macnab, . 2791 Handley, James, 2221 Hutchison, James Hunter. 3084 Innes, Richard M'Farlane, 2940 Herkless, John, 2228 Hastie, John Aim, . 3126 Inglis, John Francis, . 3157 Hamilton, Alex., 2263 Hardie, Thomas Greig, 3153 Inglis, George Alexander, . 3158 Herriot, James, 2265 Hardie, James, 3154 Herriot, John, 2266 Henderson, Charles, Jr., . 3155 Jaiphray, Johnne, . 29 Hunter, Alexr. Campbell, . 2272 Hornsby, John, Jr., . 3156 Jaiphray, Alexr., . 30 Hardie, John, . 2292 Harley, Charles, 3250 Jafray, Alexr., 44 Henderson, James, . 2312 Heys, John Wm., 3268 Japhray, James, . 63 Henderson, John, Jr., 2344 Hardie, Henry David, 3278 Johnestoun, Robert, . 77 Henderson, Andrew Pit- Herkless, Wm. Robertson, 3286 Johnestoun, James, 93 cairn, . . . . 2345 Hurll, Mark, . 3296 Johnestoun, Joline, . 113 Hay, James, . 2351 Hutson, Alexander, . 3319 Johns, Johne, . . 142 Hodge, John, Jr., 2362 Hutson, James Lawrie, 3322 Johnstoun, George, . 293 Henderson, Charles, 2375 Hepburn, Adam, 3436 Johnstone, John, . 379 Hamilton, James M' Arthur 2434 Hogg, David Wallace, 3476 Johnston, Wm., . 557 Hamilton, Angus Alexr., . 2435 Harper, Robert, 3481 Johnston, John, . 629 Hamilton, Alex. Henry Hart, Robert, . 3483 Jamieson, John, . 763 Greenwood, . 2436 Heys, Stevenson, 3514 Jackson, James, . 913 Hardie, James, 2459 Hutchison, Thomas Holt, . 3515 Jaffray, Archd., . 1000 Hughes, Richard, 2477 Howatt, Wm., 3537 Jones, John, . . 1014 Herbertson, James Bremne ,2499 Henderson, Alexr., . 3540 Jones, Wm., . 1332 Hutchison, Robt., 2500 Henderson, Lawrence David,3553 Jaffray, Wm., . . 1388 Hallows, Frederic James, . 2505 Herriot, Samuel, 3584 Johnston, Wm., . 1525 Harrower, Peter, 2539 Hutchison, Robert, . 3595 Johnston, Robert, . 1542 Henderson, Wm. Glen, 2598 Hosie, David, 3629 Jackson, Wm., . 1561 Hay, Alexr. Marshall, 2616 Hood, Peter, . 3633 Jeffrey, Archd., . 1609 Hunter, Moses, 2638 Hendry, Wm. James, 3074 Jeffrey, Rev. George . 1610 Henderson, Archd. Robin Hunter, John, 3684 Jeffrey, Rev. Dr. Robt son, . 2643 Hutchison, James, . 3698 Thomson, . 1611 Hunter, Wm. Sutherland, 2644 Hutchison, Fred. George, 3699 Jack, James, . . 1727 Hunter, John England, 2645 Hutchison, Wm. Wilson, 3700 Jackson, John Hunt er, . 1748 Hunter, Moses Alfred, 2646 Hamilton, David John, 3738 Jamieson, John ] -ennox Hunter, George Frederick, 2047 Hurd, Frederick Wilson. 3794 Kincaid, . 1804 Hay, James, . 2666 Harley, Andrew, 3S23 Jaffray, George Wm . 1951 Hardie, Thomas Bonnar. 2683 Henderson, Henry Palmer. 3829 Jamieson, Alexr. ] 1.11 vev Hoggan, John, 2687 Henderson, Alex. Irving. 3830 Morro, '. 1908 Howie, Hugh, . 2696 Hume, Jas. Howden, 3849 Jamieson, John, ."1974 374 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Johnstone, James, . 2005 Kidston, Richard. 1304 Leipper, Johnne, 45 Jackson, Thomas, 2070 Kidston, Charles. 1 305 Love, Johne, . . 94 Jackson, Robert, 2071 Kirk, Thomas, 1380 Leischman, James. . 100 Jackson, Allan. 2181 Kyle, Thomas, 1496 Love, James, . . 109 Jack. Henry, . 21 SI! Kay, Alexr., 1565 Leischman, David, . 122 Jenkins, James, 2250 Kay, John Zuill, 1780 Love, Johne, Yr., . 169 Johnston, Ninian, 2327 Kay, Thomas, 1783 Louie, George, . . 176 Jowitt, Thomas Win., 2377 Kinghorn, David, 1872 Leishman, Matthew, . 199 .Inwitt, Thomas, 2490 Kennedy, Hugh, 1917 Love, James, . . 202 Jacks, William, 2569 Kay, James Cairns, . 1965 Louk, James, . . 214 Jackson, Archil., 2027 Kirkwood, Anderson, 1973 Love, Nathaniell. . 231 Jenkins, James Graham, 2000 Kay, John Shiell. L996 Louk, John, . 233 Johnstone, Win, 2732 Keith, Duncan, 2 Lindsay, John, . 250 Jackson, Basil, 2742 Kemp, Ebenezer, 2037 Luke, Henry, . . 263 Jackson, Peter, 3203 Kelley, Andrew Barker, 2045 Luke, Henry, . . 284a Johnston, James, Jr., 3235 Kier, William, 2048 Lang, Walter, . . 288 Johnston, James, Yr., 3282 Keir, Wm., 2117 Luke, Robert, . . 310 Johnston, Robert, Jr., 3300 Kemp, Thos. Campbell, 2134 Lang, Wm., . 316 Johnston, Thomas Logan, 3301 King, James, . 2269 Lamont, John, . 352 Jenkins, Ronald Graham, 3472 Kemp, James Campbell, 2343 Lockhart, James, . 369 Jenkins, Jas. Lawrence Kinghorn, John George, 2398 Love, Wm., . 375 Christie, 3473 Kinghorn, Wm. Alexr., 2399 Law, James, . . 409 Jackson, John, 3495 Kinghorn, David James, 2400 Leichman, Wm., . 414 Jackson, Wm., 3539 Kirk, Alexr. Carnegie, 2462 Lumsden, James, . 422 Juniper, Henry Robt. Fred , 3582 Killin, Alexander Peden, 2479 Lindsay, Wm., . 426 Jackson, Colin Mackay, 3669 Kennedy, Thomas, . 2540 Lang, Archd., . . 437 Jackson, Donald Fisher, 3070 Kinghorn, James Mowbray , 2554 Lyon, George, . . 452 Jenkins, Leslie Ritchie Kinghorn, Alexr. Mathieso n,2584 Livingstone, John. . 484 Graham, 3854 Kinghorn, Robert Ewing, 2585 Lang, Wm., . 494 Jenkins, Patrick Graham, :ts.-,r, Kinghorn, Albert James, 2586 Logan, John, . . 523 Jenkins, Walter Hope King, William, 2628 Lawson, Andw., . 524 Graham, 3856 Kinghorn, David Richard, 2661 Liddell, James, . 539 Kier, William, Jr., . 2754 Leechman, John, . 550 Kirkwood, Johne. 1 Kinghorn, John George, Jr ,2910 Love, Wm., . 551 Karnes, Andro, 17 Kinghorn, Douglas Curtis, 2911 Liddle, James, . 558 Keir, James, . 117 Kesson, Adw., 2988 Lumsden, James, Jr. . 561 King, Alexr., 123 King, John, 3012 Lapsley, Hay, . . 567 Kerr, James, . 195 Kerr, Archd., . 3032 Lyon, John, . 568 Kennedy, Thomas, . 280 King, John Westall, 3098 Lennox, James, . 573 Kellie, Robert, 296 Kirsop, James Nixon, 3123 Leechman, John, . 581 Kibble, Gavin, 345 Kennedy, Wm., 3159 Law, Alexr., . 582 Kirkland, James, 363 Kennedy, Moses Hunter, 3160 Logan, Wm., . . 616 Kirkland, James, 367 Kennedy, John Guthrie, 3161 Lawson, Wm., . 634 Kirkwood, James, 374 King, David, . 3182 Liddell, David, . 637 Kirkland, Andrew, . 433 Kennedy, Wm., 3228 Lennox, James, . 668 Kinnebrough, James, 450 Kennedy, Wm., Jr., 3299 Liddell, James, Jr., . 693 Kirkwood, James, 533 King, James, . 3386 Law, James, Jr., . 696 Kerr, Norman, 580 King, John, 3435 Lumsden, George, . 719 Kerr, John, 732 Kinghorn, David, 3438 Learmouth, James, . 745 Kerr, Alexr., . 904 Kinghorn, Charles Stirling 3452 Lumsden, John, . 765 Kidston, Richd.. 927 Kinghorn, Albert Fred.. 3453 Leechman, Robert, . 812 Kerr, Edward, 941 Kirsop, Thomas, 3496 Logan, Wm., . . 868 Kelly, David, . 1001 Kirkwood, James, 3502 Liddell, Andw., . 883 King, Alexr., . 1012 Knox, John, . 3518 Lennox, James, . 887 Kerr, David, . 1028 Kirsop, Conrad Robt. John 3663 Law, David, . 892 Kerr, Robert, . 1030 Kirsop, Purves Alexr., 3664 Logan, John, . . 895 Kerr, Archd., . 1126 Knox, Charles Edward, 3776 Lyon, George, Jr., . 911 Kerr, James Munn, . 1133 Ker, Charles, . 3825 Lyon, Wm., . 912 Kidd, Wm., . 1191 Lumsden, Lauchlan, . 929 Kelly, Andw., . 1196 Logane, David, 7 Lockhart, John, . 969 Keir", Wm., 1199 Levis, Archibald, 16 Laird, James, . . 986 King, John, 1286 Lu'iff, Wm., Yr., 20 Leishman, Wm., . 1024 Kidston, Wm., 1303 Leischmane, Jas.. 23 Leishman, James, . 1025 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 375 Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Lang, Wm., 1027 Law, James, Jr., . 2512 Muir, Mathow, 136 Lindsay, Alexr., 1038 Lindsay, David, . 2513 Marshell, Hendrie, 147 Law, John, 1058 Low, James, . 2515 Muir, Hughe, . 174 Lyon, Basil, 1128 Lorimer, Wm., . 2519 Mather, Robt., 256 Lockhart, Andw., 1193 Latta, John, . 2551 Maitland, James, 292 Lorimer, Robert, 1218 Little, Henry Ward, . 2590 Murray, John, 326 Lyon, John, 1235 Lockhart, Thomas, . 2639 Murdoch, John, 331 Lawson, John, 1243 Lauder, Henry, . 2747 Marshall, Claud, 404 Leithhead, Thos., 1281 Livingston, Robert, . 2756 Miller, Archd., 413 Laidlaw, Robert, 1292 Laing, Arehd., . 2804 Munro, David, 415 Lurasden, George, 1308 Lyle, John Bryce, . 2927 Mirrilies, Wm., 440 Lumsden, James, 1309 Laidlaw, John, . 2952 Miller, Charles, 447 Laidlaw, David, 1333 Leslie, Wm. Macken? ie, . 3015 Maxwell, Matthew, . 448 Lawson, Alexr., 1338 Lang, James, . . 3022 Morton, Alex., 490 Laidlaw, Wm., 1340 Laird, George Holmes, . 3030 Miller, Robert, 493 Leadbetter, Thomas, 1357 Laidlaw, Wm. Kennedy, . 3048 Mottershead, Wm., . 505 Lueas, Alexr., . 1366 Laidlaw, Porteous Stewart, 3049 Mirrlees, Peter, .-,i iS Leckie, John, . 1387 Laidlaw, Douglas Grant, . 3050 Mirrlees, Charles, 518 Lindsay, Robert M'Gown, 1402 Laird, James, . . 3061 Muir, James, . 521 Lomas, Joseph, 1424 Leslie, Wm. Findlay, . 3121 Muir, George, . 526 Lomas, Joseph, Jr., . 1425 Lester, Henry Sloane . 3127 Machen, John, 534 Leslie, John, . 1495 Law, Archd., Jr., . 3183 Murdoch, James, 552 Lindsay, Robert, 1513 Leslie, John Adam, J r., . 3206 Miller, Stephen, 553 Lawrie, John, . 1526 Logan, James, . 3215 Mudie, Wm., . 559 Leichman, Rev. John. 1556 Lamont, Henry, . 3225 Murray, Francis, 583 Law, David, 1616 Lamberton, Alexr., . 3244 Mitchell, Wm., 593 Liddle (or Liddell), Charles, 1637 Laird, James Martin . 3297 Mirrlees, Wm.. 635 Lawson, John, 1652 Laird, Archd. Jarvie . 3298 Muir, John, 638 Lawson, Charles Randolph, 1653 Law, Alexr., . 3336 Muirhead, George Andersoi l, 642 Lindsay, James, 1656 Love, Robert, . . 3384 Miller, John, . 648 Lindsay, James Kerr, 1657 Loudon, James Livingstone, 3423 Miller, James, . 656 Lindsay, George, 1658 Louson, James, . 3470 Mellis, Daniel, 661 Law, John, 1688 Law, Andrew Bonar, . 3480 Martin, James, 662 Lindsay, Alexr., 1705 Lawrie, Thomas, . 3501 Mackay, Robert, 665 Law, Robert, . 1907 Lang, Alexander, . 3547 Munro, George, 677 Law, Alexr., 1908 Lang, Alexr. Hugh Mont- Marshal], James, 713 Leadbetter, James Green- gomerie, . 3550 Murdoch, George. 772 shields, 1916 Lang, Thomas Waugh, . 3551 Mann, John, 804 Lawrie, James Gray, 1919 Lang, Robt. Forrester Mann, James, . 811 Leadbetter, Thomas (Greer - Graham, . 3552 Muir, Robt., 815 shields). 1936 Lorimer, Wm., Jr., . 3559 Maxwell, James, 823 Lamont, John, 1975 Lorimer, Henry Dubs, . 3609 Morison, Wm., 860 Lamb, Robert, 1976 Lorimer, Alex. Smith . 3610 Munro, John, . 861 Laidlaw, Robert, 1984 Law, Alexr. John, . 3661 Mitchell, Robert, 873 Lawrie, James, 1993 Lindsay, Alexr., . 3672 Morrison, Nathaniel, 884 Leadbetter, Hugh Lambie, Joseph Turnbull, . 3733 Muirhead, James, sun MacPherson, 2000 Law, James George, . 3758 Murdoch, John, 897-2 Lawrie, Thomas, 2179 Lawson, John, . 3775 Murdoch, Wm., v.'T :•; Lawrie, Wm. Duff, . 2187 Lang, Chas. Russell, . 3841 Moncrief, Hugh, 935 Leslie, John, . 2205 Mitchell, Alex., 946 Logan, Wm., . 2273 Miller, Thos., . . 13 Muir, Rev. John. 947 Laidlaw, David, 2285 Mayne, Wm., . 15 Martin, Wm., . 954 Laidlaw, Thos. Kennedy, . 2286 Maxwell, Johne, 18 Martin, James, 955 Law, Robert, . 2288 Maxwell, Wm., 22 Middleton, James, . 959 Law, John, 2289 Mure, David, . . 26 Moffat, James, 963 Lilburn, James, 2294 Maxwell, Robert, . 48 Muirhead. James, 965 Laird, George, 2313 Muir, Abrahame, . 55 Malcolm, Wm., 974 Lumsden, John Lennox, . 2317 Maxwell, Jon, . . 69 Murdoch, Robt.. 1005 Lamb, John, . 2320 Mayne, Walter, . 74 Murray, David. 1016 Law, John, 2349 Miller, Johne, . . 82 Muir, Thos., 1056 Law, James, 2381 Merschell, Wm., 97 Mnlloch, John, 1078 Long, John Jex, 2417 Mathow, Johne, . 126 Manderson, John, 1083 Love, Hugh, . 2450 Moncuir, Thos., . 127 Meldrum, Thrift, 1105 376 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Name. No. Name. No. Mills, Wm., . . 1112 MoncrielT, Hugh, 1705 Muir, John, . 1122 More, David, . 1792 Mabon, David, . 1131 Miller, Daniel, 1794 Munn, James, . . 1133 Muirhead, Robert K.. 1795 More, Alexr., . . 1 150 Manwell, David, 1805 Menzies, Clias., . 1163 Manwell, James, 1809 Mitchell, John, . 1184 Manwell, David, 1810 Mitohell, Wm., . 1185 Miller, Maxwell, 1824 Mein, Peter, . L186 Miller. Gavin Bell, . 1851 Munro, Wm., . . L198 Moses, William, 1800 Murray, John, . 12(11) Moses, Robt., . 1801 Murray, Win., . 1202 Mathison, Wm., 1807 Martin, Alexr,, . 1210 1 Mills, William, 1878 Martin, Alexr., . 1210-2 Manwell, Thos., 1928 Musgrove, Benjamin . 1211 Manwell, Alfred, 1929 More, James, . . 1215 Marshall, James, 1942 Mitchell, James, . 1220 Mitchell, Robt., Jr., . 1944 Muirhead, Henry, . 1245 Murdoch, Robt., Jr., 1958 Morrison, George, . 1247 Mirrlees, James Buchanan, 1909 Maxwell, John, . 1201 Marshall, John, 1971 Millen, Thos., . . 1271 Moffat, Alexr., 1972 Morrison, Wm.. . 1288 Mein, Alexr., . 1991 Mein, Wm., . 1291 Muirhead, Lewis Potter, 2001 Minto, James, . . 1306 Millen, Ebenezer, 2007 Miller, James, . . 1314 Miller, Andrew, 2021 Morrison, John, . 1315 Marshall, Alexr., 2044 Miller, James, . . 1339 Murdoch, William, . 2062 Morrison, John, . 1350 Metcalfe, Wm., 2004 More, Wm., . 1370 Marshall, Robt. Cowan, 2078 Mitchell, Robert, . 1374 Marshall, David, 2079 Mathieson, Alexr., . 1375 Morrison, Samuel Mathieson, Thos. Ad im, . 1401 M'Culloch, . 2080 Mahony, John, . 1405 Miller, Thos. Patterson. 2086 Mitchell, James, . 1413 Murdoch, Wm. Craig, 2087 Muir, James, . . 1437 Miller, John, . 2091 More, James, . . 1443 Miller, Richd. Kerr, . 2099 MoncrielT, Alexr., . 1457 Middleton, Robt. Tweedie, 2112 Morrison, Henry. . 1471 Morrison, James Robertson , 2141 Munro, Alexr., . 1472 Morrison, Wm., 2142 Moses, James, . . 1533 Morrison, Robt. Leechman 2143 Merry, James, . 1551 Miller, John Bell, . 2103 Myers, Alexr., . . 1564 Miller, John Ritchie. 2170 Morton, Robt., . 1571 Murray, Wm.. 2188 Maxwell, E. G., . 1572 Mathie, Wm 2191 Muirhead, John Jam is. . 1575 Miller, Wm., . 2201 Malloch, Charles, . 1584 Miller, .lames, . 2208 Monerieff, Wm. Hopf . 1590 Mowat, John, . 2212 Murdoch, Robert, . 1003 Morrison, James, 2242 Murdoch, James, . 1004 Maxwell, Andrew, 2323 Mason, John, Sr., . 1017 Muir, Matthew And., 2350 Mason, Gavin, . 1018 Munro, John, . 2354 Mason, John, Jr., . 1019 Menzies, Charles James, . 2300 Mason, Robert, . 1020 Menzies, Wm. Hannington, 2303 Miller, Robert, . 1004 Munro, George, 2370 Morrier, Wm. James, . 1007 Marshall, Peter, 2384 Mann, John, . . 1070 Mansel, Robert, 2419 Marshall, Thomas, . . 1082 Manwell, Wm. Adam, 2423 Mitchell, Jolin, . 1092 Muir, Wm., 2444 Miller, Robert, . 1701 Muir, Hugh, 2445 MUler, Wm., . . 1702 Mahony, James Alexr., 2455 Morris, James, . 1740 Morrison, Alexr., 2408 Mitchell, Robert, . 1747 Milne, John Broadfoot, 2492 Murdoch, Robert, . 1759 1 Mills, Donald MacGilvray, 2508 Name. No. Muir, John Gardner, . 2526 Muir, Matthew Andrew, . 2527 Maxwell, Warden Robert- son 2530 Marshall, Robert, . .2541 Muir, Thomas, . . 2564 Muir, James, Jr., . . 2568 Mathieson, John, . . 2572 Miller, George, . . 2575 Miller, John Pulton, . 2579 Miller, Robert, . . 2580 Miller, Thomas Hodgson, . 2581 Miller, Charles, . 2582 Miller, James, . . . 2588 Murdoch, William, . .2018 Mathieson, Alexr. Suther- land 2620 Miller, Andrew, . . 2626 Miller, David Skinner, . 2631 Maitland, Wm. Herries, . 2640 Metcalfe, John Ramsay, . 2642 Morris, And. Bain, . . 2654 Murray, George, . . 2673 Miller,' And. Matthew, . 2724 Miller, Wm. Robert, . 2725 Munro, Alexr., . . 2738 Mann, John, Jr., . . 2741 Moore, James Thos., . 2748 Murdoch, David Laidlaw, . 2773 Miller, Robert Scott, . 2809 Miller, Cieorge James, . 2826 Mitchell, Wm. Thomson, . 2834 More, Wm 2848 Mather, George Ritchie, . 2865 Murdoch, Alexr., . . 2869 Mathieson, Jas. Harper, . 2896 Mathieson, Thos. Ogilvie, . 2897 Mechan, Arthur, . . 2906 Mechan, Henry, . . 2907 Median, Samuel, . . 2908 Mechan, Joseph, . . 2909 Mechan, Arthur, Jr., . 2916 Miller, John Fulton, Jr., . 2918 Mitchell, James, . . 2919 Mitchell, Walter Woir, . 2920 Mitchell, Wm. Thomson, Jr.,2921 Martin, Wm 2928 More, James, Jr., . . 2953 Menzies, Wm., . . 2902 Menzies, James, . . 2989 Muir, James, . . . 3011 Morison, Wm., . . 3013 Motion, Jas. Russell, . 3023 Martin, James Henry, . 3025 Mills, James Gosland, . . 3054 Mann, Wingate Robertson, 3057 Murray, James, . . 3071 Murdoch, James, Jr.. . 3085 Main, George Baillie, . 3087 Miller, Alex. Ronald, . 3088 Mann, James, . . . 3105 Muir, John, . . .3113 Muir, George Rodger, . 3114 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 377 Name. Mitchell, Stephen, Miller, Thomas, Murray, James, Jr., . Murray, George, Murray, John, Mitchell, Robert, Jr., Mitchell, John, Mitchell, James, Maxwell, Sir John Stirling, Bart., .... Mitchell, David Gumming, Mitchell, James Thomson Rankin, Mowat, Joseph Gunn, Milln, Alexr. Moncur, Morton, George, Mitchell, James, Miller, John, . Miller, Thomas Wm., Miller, Frederick Jas. Steel, Mowat, Alexr. Goodsir, Main, Archd. Pollock, Martin, Wm. Crammond, . Meiklereid, David, . Murdoch, James Wm., Millar, Wm. Robert, Miller, Gavin Bell, . Millar, Matthew Riddell, . Mitchell, James Imne, Mitchell, David, Maitland, Wm. Calder, Munn, Robt. Andrew, Miller, Wm. Scott, . Milne, George, Maxwell, William, Murgatroyd, Wm., . Millar, Thos. Stewart, Milne, Thos. M'Laren, Milne, Wm. Murray, Mann, Robt. Mathers, Muir, Archd. Haddow, Muir, John Osborne, Miller, Thomas, More, James, tertius. Murdoch, Robert, Martin, Robert, Metcalfe, Wm. Bartholo- mew, .... Metcalfe, Henry M'Farlane, Metcalfe, John Ramsay, Jr., ; Martin, Wm., . Middleton, George, . Murray, Daniel, Moffat, James, Mitchell, George Arthur, M'Ben, David, M'Bend, John, M'Key, Archd., M'llvicar, Patrick, . M'Kellane, Roderick, M'Key, Archd., Yr., M'Cuir, Matthew, . 2 5 No. Name. No. 3184 M'Key, Archd., 239 3185 M'Kie, Wm., . 245 3194 M'Gill, John James, 283 3195 M'Gilchrist, Robert, 301 3230 M'Kie, Robt., . 307 3233 M'Alla, Thos., . 314 3234 M'Cash, Thos., 365 3242 M'AUaster, John, 381 M'Farlane, John, 383 3256 M'Faddean, Daniel, . 384 3259 M'Leran, James, 393 M' Arthur, John, 394 3260 M'Gowan, Walter, . 397 3288 M'Lean, Neil, . 399 3345 M'Asslan, Archd., 400 3346 M'Farlane, Patrick, . 408 3368 M'Lellan, Archd., 417 3427 M'Culloch, Andrew, . 459 3428 M'Nair, John, . 467 3429 M'Kendrick, Andrew, 471 3443 M'Lachlan, Jame9, . 475 3451 M'Indoe, John, 483 3469 M'Kendrick, James, 499 3479 M' Alpine, Wm., 500 3491 M'Vain, Dugald, 507 3507 M'Lenochan, Peter, . 516 3508 M'Viccar, Archd., 522 3512 M'Culloch, Moses, 531 3521 M'Lauchlan, Hugh, . 547 3522 M'Crocket, Boyd, . 563 3525 M'Gregor, Malcolm, . 564 3538 M'Donald, Daniel, . 579 3543 M'Vicar, James, 585 3560 M'Donald, Ronald, . 586 3570 M'Lean, Richard, 588 3581 M'Dugal, Hugh, 590 3596 M'Farlane, John, 605 3604 Macadam, Walter, . 608 3605 M'Intyre, John, 621 3618 M'Arthur, James, 625 3634 M'Farlane, Robert, . 640 3635 M'Phail, John, 681 3646 M'Arthur, John, 688 3656 M'Lean, Alexr., 694 3658 M'Callum, Duncan, . 722 3681 Macneil, Neil, . 731 M'Lelland, Andrew, . 734 3713 M'Intosh, David, 735 3714 M'Cash, John, 742 3715 M'Vicar, John, 748 3721 M'Gregor, John, 756 3722 M'Aulay, John, 771 3734 M'Arthur, Peter, 774 3770 M'Fadyen, Archd., . 775 3796 M'Aulay, Wm., 776 M'Callum, Robert, . 808 12 M'Culloch, Thomas, . 810 21 M'Pherson, Donald, . 821 90 M'Lellan, Archil., 822 95 M'Kinlay, Angus, 824 163 Macalpine, John, 840 164 M'Whannell, Archd., 846 223 M'Callum, Malcolm, 847 Name. M'Callum, Donald, M'Nab, Peter, . M'Lay, Wm., . M'Lea, Wm., . M'Donald, Hugh, M'Adam, James, M'Lean, Robert, M' Alpine, Wm., M'Kendrick, Wm., M'Intyre, Duncan, M'Crone, Edward, M'Lean, James, M'Creddie, Wm., M'Innes, John, M'Donald, Angus, M'Donald, Angus, M' Alpine, John, M'Pherson, Alexr., M'Kell, John, . M'Andrew, John, M'Donald, Duncan. M'Donald, Henry, M'Vicar, James, M'Donald, David, M'Andrew, Colin, M'Farlane, Daniel, M'Callum, John, M'Crone, Wm., Macnair, Walter, M'Gregor, John, M'Callum, Mungo, M'Innes, Wm., M'Farlane, Peter, M'Vicar, Archd., M'Aulay, John, M'Alpine, Colin, M'Lean, George, M'Millan, Andrew, M'Gregor, John, M'Leod, Duncan, M'Gilivray, Walter, M'Leod, John, M'Craken, Wm., Macfarlane, Wm., M'Connochie, Neil, M'Cash, Thos., M'Connell, Archd., M'Dowall, John, M'Culloch, Samuel, MacGibbon, David, M'Connell, Robt., M'Laren, James, M'Ewan, Daniel, M'Bryde, John, M'Lellan, Peter, M'Donald, Alexr., M'Donald, George, M'Laren, John, M'WhannelL Edw., M'Connochie, David M'Lean, John, M'Connochie, John, M'Whannell, Wm., No. 849 851 855 879 886 898 906 908 928 937 950 977 984 991 994 1004 1006 1036 1037 1082 1084 1085 1086 1094 1120 1121 1130 1136 1156 1178 1188 1192 1203 1214 1219 1233 1236 1241 1242 1252 1255 1258 1276 1283 1290 1300 1313 1318 1321 1322 1324 1355 1364 1365 1384 1391 1392 1403 1412 1417 1428 1432 1442 378 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. M'Gregor, Peter, 1465 M'Gregor, David, 2056 M'Lellan, Wm. Turner, 2625 M'Farlane, Robert, . 1477 M'Kendriok, John M'Lean, 2000 M'Dougall, Hamilton M'Lean, Alexr., 1500 M'Gowan, James, Si .. 2H00 Brandon, 2632 M'Creath, Robert, . 1 ;,i IS M' Farlane, John, 2067 M'Connell, Robt.. Jr., 2050 M'Lean, Charles, 1510 M'Farlane, James, . 2008 M'Lean, Andrew, 2658 M'Call, James, L520 M'( lowan, James, .It., 2069 M'Kean, Francis, 2070 M'Dougall, Angus, . ir>22 M'Dougall, Alexr. Smith, . 2( is:. M'Lellan, John, 2688 M'Nicol, Robert, 1530 M'l'.ulane, Robert, . 2104 M'Nish, Robert, 20S9 M'Laren, Charles, 1531 M'Ewen, Malcolm, . 2118 M'Nicol, Archd., 2704 M" Lean, James, 1532 M'Farlane. Walter, Jr., 2121 M'Lellan, James, 2728 M'Lellan, Adam, 1639 M'Innes, James, 2122 M'Ewan, James, 2739 M'Clure, Hugh Heugh, 1545 M'Pherson, Duncan, 2123 M'Lean, Hugh Archd.. 2749 M'Lerie, George, 1546 M'Farlane, Peter, 2154 M'Lay, James, 2759 M'Naught, Robert, . 1547 M'Connell, Robert, . 2164 M'Lennan, Andrew, . 270(1 M'lntyre, James, 1503 M'Geoch, Wm., Jr., . 2109 M'Lennan, James Bryce, . 2701 U'lvrracher, Alexr., 1566 M'Geoch, And. Jackson, . 217(1 M'Geoch, Wm., tertius, 2762 M'Innes, Duncan, 1570 M'Intosh, James, 2197 M'Geoch, Lauchlan Alexr., 2763 M'Nicol, Malcolm, 1585 M'Intosh, Alexr., 2200 M'Corquodale, Duncan, 2775 M'Lellan, Walter, . 1587 M'Culloch, Robert, . 2213 M'Corquodale, Wm., 2770 M'Donald, John, 1595 M'Ouat, John, 2226 M'Corquodale, Donald, 2777 M'Dougall, Duncan, 1613 M'Ouat. Matthew Wallace, 2227 M'Corquodale. Alexr., 2778 M'Beth, John, 1615 M'Culloch, William, . 2260 M'Corquodale, Norman, 2779 M'Murehy, Robert, . 1021 Mil wraith, Robert, . 2267 M'Donald, Daniel, 2780 M'Laren, Robert, 1022 M'Intosh, James, 2270 M'Cormick, David, . 2794 M'Elroy, John, 1034 M'Lennan, Donald, . 2284 M'Intosh, Robert. . 2798 M'Farlane, Walter, . 1030 M'Laren, John Finlay, 2287 M'Gavin, John, 2810 M'Geoch, Wm., 1649 M'Lean, William, 2300 M'Lean, Chas. Rankin, 2811 M'Kinlay, James, 1051 M'Lean, Wm., Jr., . 2301 M'Lean, Hugh, Jr., . 2812 M'Cormack, Hugli, . 1059 M'Lean, David, 2302 M'llwraith, James, . 2827 M'Adam, Wm., 1700 M'Lean, Rev. Ebenezer, . 2303 M'Nab, Wm., . 2840 M'Kinlay, Alexr., 1707 M'Farlane, Samuel, . 2310 M'Laren, Adam Bald, 2862 M'Lennan, Donald, . 1710 M'Farlane, James Lilbui n. 2311 M'Cosh, Thomas, 2866 M'Lellan, George, 1732 M'lntyre, John Sibbald, . 2324 M'Ewan, James, 2867 M'Lellan, James Shaw, 1733 M'Corkindale, Duncan, 2325 M'Ewan, David, 2868 M'Lean, Andrew, 1700 M'Corquodale, Alexr., 2328 M'Farlane, John Lang, 2880 M'Bean, Hugh, 1779 M'llwraith, Robert, . 2333 M'Kay, John Russell, 2890 M'Onie, William, 1773 M' Arthur, Daniel, 2365 M'Dowall, Alexr., 2901 M'Onie, Andrew, 1774 M'Call, Samuel Meuros, 2370 Macouat, Robt. Bilsland, . 2903 M'Gregor, John, 1790 M'Laehlan, John, 2380 M'Kenzie, George Rich- M'Intosh, Peter, 1799 M'Call, Wm., . 2385 mond, .... 2935 M'Vicar, Archd., 1820 M'Lay, John, . 2387 M'Farlane, George Wm., . 2955 M'Nee, Thomas, 1828 M'Na'b, Robert, 2403 M'Laehlan, John, 2964 M'Allister, Alexr. Ross, 1850 M'Dougall, Wm., 2429 M'Lean, John Allan, 3010 M'Lean, Andrew, Jr., 1857 M'Gregor, Duncan, . 2440 M'Kay, Alexr., 3031 M'Lean, Wm., 1858 M'Farlane, George, . 2447 M'Corkindale, Duncan, 3034 M'Kay, George, 1803 M'Closkey, James Thos., . 2458 M'Neil, Charles, 3045 M'Farlane, Arch. Stirling, 1809 M'Donald, Andrew, . 2506 M'Nicol, Robert Stewait, . 3080 M'Lean, Wm. Leckie Ewinj ?, 1871 M'Ewan, James, 2511 M'Pherson, Duncan, 3095 M'Queen, Alexr., 1874 M'Neil, Chailes, 2522 M'Arthur, Thomas, . 3122 M'Onie, Andrew, Jr., 1888 M'Neil, Archd., 2523 M'Geoch, Alexr., 3162 M'Onie, Wm., Jr., . 1889 M'Neil, John, . 2524 M'Lellan, Wm. Walter, 3163 M'Gregor, James, 1899 M'Neil, Chas., Jr., . 2525 M'Lellan, Wm. Houston, . 3164 M'Farlane, Walter, . 1001 M'Callum, John Anderson, 2529 M'Naught, John, Jr., 3165 M'Adam, John, 1902 M'Laren, Jas. Shaw, 2533 M'Kenzie, George Richmond, M'Lay, David Thomson, 1910 M'Lellan, Lewis, 2538 Jr., .... 3173 M'Nutt, David, 1922 M'Kinnen, Wm., 2555 M'Kenzie, Thomas James, 3174 M'Onie, Peter Wood, 1934 M'Corkindale, Dugald, 2556 M'Kinlay, James Tennant M'Kenzie, John, 2009 M'Donald, John Angus, 2563 Caird, .... 3180 M'Kenzie, Alexr., 2(129 M'Ewan, John, 2589 M'Kechnie, John, 3186 M'Laren, Robt., Jr., 2033 M'Kinlay, James, 2605 M'Kie, Wm. Arbuckle, 3187 M'Lellan, George Scott, 2046 M'Naught, John, 2617 M'Kay, Samuel, 3189 M'Ouat, Alexander, . 2052 M'Lellan, Lewis, Jr., 2622 M'Arthur, Arthur, . 3196 M'Ewan, James Clow, 2055 M'Lellan, Walter Thos., . 2624 M'Arthur, Adam M'Kinlay, 3197 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 379 Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. M'Intyre, Thos. Walker, . 3216 M'Call, Robt. Matheson, . 3751 Napier, Jas. Smith, . 1486 M'Nish, John Stevenson, . 3217 M'Call, Wm., Jr., . 3752 Napier, John James, 1579 M'Nish, George Stevenson, 3218 Mackechnie, Archd. Napier, Wm., . 1581) M'Donald, Alex. Beith, . 3226 Ferguson, 3761 Neilson, James, 1581 M'Dougall, Donald, . 3243 Macfarlane, Kenneth, :>,7i;r> Napier, James William, 1629 M'Farlane, John, 3248 Macfarlane, Colin, 3766 Neilson, John, 1663 M'Farlane, Robert French, 3249 M'Ewan, Robert Dugald, . :'.Ts i Niven, Andrew Maekie, 1709 M'Intyre, John, 3253 MacLellan, George Douglas 3786 Napier, James, 1807 M'Farlane, Samuel, . 3258 MacLellan, Walter Scott, . 3787 Napier, George Glen, 1808 M'Lay, Joseph Paton, 3277 Mac Brayne, David Hope, . 3802 Neilson, Wm., . 1812 M'Laren, Archd. Finlay, . 3295 M'Geoch, John Neilson, 3812 Napier, John, . 1880 M'Leod, Thos. C'alder, 3294 MacLellan, Alexr. Stephen, 3814 Napier, James Langmuir, . 1881 M'Farlane, And. Allan, 3335 M'Aily, Thomas, 3815 Napier, John Montgomerie 1935 M'Millan, Alfred And., 3354 Macfarlane, Walter, Jr., . 3817 NeUson, Hugh, 2017 M'Quaker, Thos., 3357 M'Killop, John Murdoch. . 3832 Napier, Robert Ashton, 2023 M'Cosh, And. Kirkwood, . 3367 MacLeod, Geo. Calder, 3839 NeUson, Walter, 2030 M'Gee, Waltei, 3370 Mackay, Alastair Moray, . 3844 Neilson, James, 2036 M'Nicol, Robert Stewart, Mackay, Ian Norman, 3845 Neilson, John, 2038 Jr 3387 M'Gowan, Harry, 3S58 Neilson, James, 2039 M'Gee, Wm, . 3400 M 'Ornish, Alex., 3860 Norman, John, 2053 M'Gee, James Hamilton, . 3401 M'Kay, John Russell, 3862 Napier, Wm., . 2100 M'Gee, Walter, 3402 NeUson, Walter, 2102 M'Whannell, Edward, 3444 Naper, Allane, 5 NeUson, John, 2103 M'Leod, Fred. Larkins, 3450 Nicoll, Adam, . 54 Napier, John David, 2238 M'Gee, David, 3457 Neill, Johne, . 83 Nelson, Daniel Macleod, . 2318 M'Beth, George Alex., 3458 Naper, Johne, . 98 NeUson, John, 2454 M'Alister, Dugald, . 3488 Noble, George, 181 NeUson, James, 2487 M'Lellan, Archd., 3493 Norvell, Wm., 232 Nisbet, Robert, 2830 M'Leod, Norman Patrick, 3499 Noble, George, 321 Noven, John Balleny, 2843 M'Lintock, Thomson, 3503 Napier, James, 354 Napier, Alexr., 2891 M'Farlane, Jolin Wylie, 3509 Neilson, John, 555 Nicol, WUliam, 2194 M'Farlane, Wm. Wylie, 3510 Napier, Robert, 604 NeUson, Wm., . 2970 M'Lintock, Wm., 3527 Napier, John, . 606 NeUson, Walter, 2978 M'Lintock, Thos. Liddell, . 3528 Neilson, James, 618 NeUson, George Thomson, 2996 M'Kinlay, Wm. Murray, . 3530 Nome, Wm. Augustus. 624 NeUson, Wm., . 2997 M'Kellar, Duncan, . 3572 Nisbet, Alexr., 697 NeUson, James Louis M'Lean, Samuel, 3589 Nisbet, Alexr., 699 Montague, . 2998 M'Allister, John, 3594 Napier, Robt., 717 NeUson. Walter Gordon, . 2999 M'Lean, Hugh Archibald, . 3611 Napier, James, 718 NeUson, Robert Thomson, 3000 MacBeth, And. Nisbet, 3636 Newlands, James, 727 NeUson, Arthur Stewart, . 3124 M'Lean, Robert Andrew, . 3638 Neilson, John, 724 NeUson, John Beaumont, . 3166 M'Intyre, James, 3648 Neilson, John, 760 NeUson, Ronald Braco M'Gee, David, Jr., . 3652 Napier, David, 836 Stenhouse, . 3167 M'Gee, George, 3653 Napier, Robert, 843-2 NeUson, George, 3333 M'Gee, Jas. MacKenzie, . 3654 Napier, Robt., S.V.I Nelson, WUliam, 3381 M'Dermid, Archd., . 3657 Newlands, Luke Frazer 872 NeUson, Andrew Sclanders 3385 M'Neil, Wm. Arnott, 3675 Nisbet, David, 889 Nicholas, Herbert Lee. 3403 M'Neil, Archd., 3686 Neil, Samuel, . 920 Niven, Robert, 3404 M'Neil, Chas., Jr., . 3687 Napier, James, 933 Niven, Robert, 3477 M'Neil, John, . 3688 Norris, Thos., . 979 Napier, James, Jr., . 3492 M'Neil, Allister, 3689 Neill, David, . 1040 Neilson, Hugh. 3619 Macouat, John, 3695 Napier, Wm., . 1067 Macouat, Jas. Bilsland, 3696 Napier, David, 1081 Orr, Thomas, . 298 M'Ewen, Daniel, 3705 Neilson, Jas. Beaumont, 1093 Ogilvie, John, . 479 Macdonald, Allan Drysdale, 3712 Neil, Samuel, . 1117 Osburn, Alexr., 2094 M'Lure, David Girvan Neilson, Wm., . 1240 Orr, Robert, 3089 Lennox, 3725 Neilson, Wm., . 1285 Oatts, John Lumsden, 3119 Macdonald, Wm. Hamilton Neill, John, 1320 Osborne, Hugh, 3323 Stewart, 3728 Neilson, Wm., . 1346 Osborne, Robert, 3320 Macdonald, David Hender Neilson, Walter, 1467 son, 3736 Neilson, John, . 1468 Park, James, . 25 M'Lelland, Robert, . 3747 Napier, Jas. Robert. . 1484 PhUpe, Wm., . 51 MacArthur, Daniel, . 3750 Napier, John, . . 1485 PittiUoch, Johnne. . 61 3«o THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Park, George, . . 79 Phillips, Alexander, . 2239 Quin, Peter, 2651 Purdoun, Andro, . 84 Pickering, Henry Wm., 2290 Park, Gavin, . . 101 Parnie, James, 2305 Reid, Johnne Boid, . 37 Pollok, James, . 126 Poynter, John Edgar, 2330 Reid, Johnne, Yr., . 42 Park, George, . . 144 Pearce, William, 2391 Robesoune, Jon, 52 Paterson, Archd., . 257 Paul, James, . 2418 Reid, Johne, . 87 Pateraon, Alexr., . 269 Phillips, Alexander, . 2439 Robesoune, David, . 88 Pinkertoun, David, . 275 Pettigrew, John Wesley, . 2473 Robertsoune, Robert, 91 Paterson, Archd., . 358 Pearson, Archibald, . 2485 Rankein, Johne, 120 Parkhill, Berry, . 410 Potter, Thomas, 2558 Robiesoune, Johne, . 129 Park, Javnes, . . 439 Paterson, Edmond Baird, . 2002 Robiesoune, George, 130 Paterson, Alexr., . 443 Pickering, Henry Wm. Robiesoune, George, 131 Pollock, James, . 451 Wrangham, . 2611 Robiesoune, Johne, . 134 Payler, Joseph, . 458 Phillips, John, Jr., . 2694 Riddell, Johne, 161 Payler, Joseph, . 408 Primrose, Edward, . 2700 Rankine, Walter, 179 Patterson, John, . 474 Porter, John, . 2729 Robiesone, Androw, 201 Paterson, Thos., . 482 Paterson, Benjamin, 2753 Robb, Johne, . 205 Padgett, Richard, . 489 Paterson, Wm., 2758 Rankine, John, 216 Pennecuick, James, . 497 Parker, John Caird, . 2784 Rae, Adam, 243 Pollock, David, . 513 Peace, Albert Lister, 2788 Ramsay, Wm., 261 Paterson, Wm., . 587 Potter, James Littlejohn, 2813 Rae, Alexr., 318 Philip, Alexr., . . 051 Potter, Henry Richmond, 2814 Russell, Wm., . 335 Philips, John, . . 653 Potter, Thos., Jr., . 2815 Rae, John, 342 Park, Matthew, . 766 Potter, Wm. Richmond, . 2816 Rankine, John, 346 Paterson, Matthew, . 767 Potter, Matthew Hunter, . 2817 Rattray, Thomas, 420 Purcell, Wm., . . 807 Potter, George Laird, 2818 Rennie, JameB, 431 Pureell, George, . 809 Parnie, William, 2801 Robb, James, . 462 Pearson, John, . 817 Porteous, William, . 2913 Rankin, Thomas, 486 Pearson, Wm., . 819 Porter, James, 2943 Rankin, Thos., Jr., . 487 Paterson, George, . 843- 1 Paterson, Thos. Stark, 2984 Ross, James, . 488 Paterson, Wm., . 844 Penman, Robert, 2990 Ronald, Archibald, . 498 Peddie, Peter, . . 802 Penman, William, 2992 Rae, Wm., 589 Pollock, James, . 874 Penman, Robt. Reid, 2993 Robertson, Wm., 610 Paterson, Matthew, . 904 Penman, AlexT., 2994 Robertson, Ebenezer, 633 Porteous, Charles, . 1075 Porter, James, 3001 Robertson, John Murdoch, 639 Pollock, Robert, . 1092 Porter, George, 3002 Russell, Wm., . 643 Paterson, Wm. Urie, . 1152 Peters, Melville Gordon, 3073 Robertson, Robert, . 645 Parkins, Wm., . 1217 Pillans, Alexr., 3090 Rutherford, George, 060 Pollok, Peter, . . 1230 Paterson, Thos. Yuille, 3133 Reid, David, . 672 Primrose, Adam, . 1237 Pillans, Richard, 3219 Reid, Robert, . 092 Paterson, George, . 1250 Pillans, Alexr., Jr., . 3220 Ranken, Robert, 702 Paterson, Wm. John rton, . 1311 Pillans, John, . 3221 Ronald, Basil, . 715 Paton, Ninian, . 1316 Paterson, Wm. Watt, 3223 Renton, Wm., . 759 Purdon, George, . 1438 Porter, Wm., . 3280 Rae, James, 757 Paterson, Adam, . 1451 Porter, John, Jr., 3281 Robertson, John, 762 Primrose, Thomas, . 1548 Penman, Robt. Reid, Jr., 3329 Ritchie, John, . 827 Primrose, Edward, . 1549 Paterson, Wm. Bell, 3340 Reid, John, 838 Pritchard, James, . 1696 Porter, Thomas, 3355 Rowand, And., 856 Park, James, . . 1726 Porter, Robert Craig, 3356 Rankin, John, 891 Paterson, John Lum iden, . 1764 Park, James Smith, . 3414 Robertson, \ , „ , . ' }• James, . Robison, ) 915 Phillips, John, . 1777 Primrose, Alfred, 3485 Paterson, Alex. Crai| ;, . 1803 Paul, Robert, . 3498 Rose, Donald, . 960 Paterson, Jonathan lankin,1855 Potter, Thomas, 3529 Reid, Francis, . 971 Paterson, Hugh Mon srieff, 1856 Phillips, John, 3598 Ritchie, John, 1013 Paterson, George, . 1885 Phillips, Alexr., 3599 Robertson, Alexr. Pollok, 1021 Paterson, James Wit l., . 1989 Phillips, Matthew Wallace, 3600 Rae, James, Jr., 1074 Paton, David Campl ell, . 1995 Potter, Thomas, 3651 Russell, Wm., . 1087 Paterson, Edward St anlny, 2002 Porter, John, . 3097 Ralston, James, 1097 Pritchard, Wm. Wood- Paterson, James M'Intyre, 3704 Rae, And., 1103 house, . . 2081 Paterson, Colin Campbell, 3771 Robertson, Daniel, . 1108 Porter, Thomas, . 2132 Parry, Robert Henry, 3807 Russell, Andrew, 1127 Porter, Robert, . 2150 Paterson, Donald Ross, John, 1137 Paterson, Hugh Chri itie, . 2151 Robertson, , 3848 Railton, George, 1158 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 38i Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Rait, David Crichtou, . 1160 Reid, James, . 2190 Rennie, Dugald, . 3291 Robertson, Robert, . 1165 Robb, James, . 2194 Rennie, Dugald, Jr., . 3300 Rettie, Robert, 1170 Renton, Thomas, 2198 Rennie, Thos. Ballantyne, . 3301 Russell, James, 1173 Rankin, John, 2240 Rennie, George Ballantyne, 3302 Ross, John, 1234 Reid, James, . 2249 Robin, Robt., . . 3312 Robertson, Wn)., 1244 Robertson, John, 2299 Roberton, Stephen, . 3338 Robertson, George, . 1246 Ross, Richd. Greenshields, 2315 Robertson, James, . 3362 Robertson, Archd., . 1317 Robinow, Meinhard Erast, 2337 Robertson, Andrew Rae, John, 1319 Rae, James, 2359 Renfrew, . 3372 Rohead, John, 1335 Ross, John Macdonald, 2401 Reid, John, . 3389 Reid, And., 1361 Robson, James, 2404 Reid, David, . . 3390 Russell, John, . 1390 Rodger, George, 24U0 Reid, And., . 3391 Robertson, Win., 1400 Rentoul, And., 2453 Reid, Thomas, . 3406 Reid, Henry, . 1404 Rodger, George Smeaton, . 2466 Russell, James, . 3408 Reid, James, . 1449 Robertson, Archd., . 2495 Russell, Wm. Laing, . 3409 Russell, John, . 1453 Richmond, James Alexr., . 2623 Russell, Albert, . 3410 Reid, Wni., 145S Ramage, Richard, 2629 Russell, Fred. Alexr. . 3411 Renton, James, 1460 Robertson, John Robin, Arthur, . 3415 Ronton, John, 1461 Macmillan, . 2697 Robertson, Alexr. Gi bson, 3419 Renton, James, 1462 Rowan, James, 2730 Robertson, James, . 3420 Renton, George, 1463 Reid, Hugh, 2793 Reid, Wm. Douglas, . 3421 Rigby, Wm., . 1487 Robb, Robert Young, 2824 Rankin, John, . 3440 Rodger, Win., . 1492 Ramsay, Wm. Stewart, 2828 Raeburn, Wm. Hannav, . 3441 Reid, Alex., 1494 Rose, James Garden, 2850 Rogerson, Thos. Bondi . 3583 Robertson, James Heudei . Rose, James, . 2854 Roger, Henrv Tayloi . 3623 son, 1501 Rose, Richmond, 2855 Riddell, James Fletcher, . 3 Ross, And., 1534 Rennie, Win., . 2856 Rankin, James Millei . 3679 Robinson, Thomas, . 1535 Rose, Alexr., . 2857 Robb, James, . . 3709 Robertson, Wm., 1530 Ramsay, Wm., Jr., . 2875 Richmond, David Alexr., . 3737 Roberto n, James, 1538 Rose, Alexr., Jr., 2883 Russell, Archd. M'Kerrow, 3743 Reid, William, Jr., . 1540 Rose, Lewis, 2884 Ross, James Russell, . 3744 Reid, John, 1541 Rose, James Morton, 2885 Reid, James, . . 3760 Robertson, Wm., 1557 Rose, Arthur Osburn, 2886 Rafferty, Wm. Aloysius, . 3773 Rait, Crichton John, 1577 Rose, And. Mackenzie, 2895 Robertson, George Blyth, . 3S00 Rattray, John, 1645 Russell, Wm. Fleming, 2900 Robertson, Thomas Robertson, Alexr., . 1665 Robertson, Wm., 2937 Macqueen, . . 3804 Russell, Archd., 1689 Robertson, Wm. Francis, . 2938 Robertson, Andrew Watson, 3805 Robertson, Joseph, . 1720 Robertson, John Ross, Robert, . . 382 1 Ross, Thos., 1731 M'Kellar, 2939 Reid, John Ormiston . 3822 Russell, Archd., 1836 Rankin, James Rosebery, The Earl Df, . 3857 Ritchie, Hugh, 1840 Macnaughton, 2944 Ross, Wm., 1847 Robertson, James, . 2985 Swyntowne, Wm., 11 Roger, John Maclaren, 1875 Riley, James, . 3007 Scott, Johnne, . 27 Russell, Thos., 1933 Ross, Wm., 3020 Sinkler, Robert, 33 Ramsay, Wm., 2011 Ross, Thomas, 3035 Sinithe, James, . 43 Russell, Archd., 2012 Richmond, Jn. Ritchie, 3039 Smithe, Janus, 47 Rae, John, 2047 Rankine, John, 3067 Scott, Jon, 56 Russell, Patrick Brown, 2058 Russell, Wm. Fairbairn, 3070 Scott, Gawan, . . 64 Robertson, Robort, . 2073 Reid, Joseph, . 3072 Scott, James, . . 80 Robertson, James, . 2083 Reid, John, 3076 Smythe, John. . 103 Ramage, Wm., 2096 Reid, And. Thomson, 3077 Strange, Alexi., . 120 Rowan, David, 2109 Reid, Walter Montgomerit Stevine, Thonii-. 132 Richmond, David, . 2110 Neilson, 3078 Sime, Robert, . K. I Robson, Hazelton Robson, 2111 Reid, James Alex., . 3086 Scott, Johne, . . 152 Robertson, Wm., 2135 Rodger, Anderson, . 3094 Sheilis, James, . 1 56 Robertson, Matthew Rattray, Wm. Alexr., 3099 Sympsoune, Archd., . 182 Wallace, 2161 Robin, Matthew, 3128 Swintoune, William, . isi Rait, Henry Milnes, 2171 Russell, Douglas Ebor Sympsoune, John, . 1S5 Rait, Frederick David, 2172 Nicol, . . . . 3129 Strang, John, . . 1ST RiddeU, Daniel, 2173 Ramsay, Robt., 3238 Stirling, James, . 191 Rowat, Robert, 2180 Ramsay, Robt., Jr., 3254 Strong, Christopher, . 197 Robertson, James, . 2184 Reid, John Miller, . 3285 Scott, Jon. . 204 Reid, Thomas, 2189 Ross, James MacEwan, 32S9 Steinsoue, Robert, . 2o7 382 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Smythe, Jas., . 209 Stewart, Archd., 769 Steel, James, . 1429 Sympsone, Archd., . 22] Summerville, James, 777 Stewart, John, 1473 Strang, John, . 227 Smith, John, . 820 Simpson, James, 1475 Scott, James, . 229 Stewart, James, 825 Smith, Alexr., . 1476 Scott, John, 236 Speirs, John, . 833 Stewart, David Yoolow, 1497 Scadlock, Ritchard, . 248 Steven, Wm., . 835 Steven, John, . 1511 Smith, John, . 255 Smith, Robert, MI5 Steven. Romas, 1512 Simpson, John, Yr., 258 Scolder, David, 866 Stewart, Jas., Jr., 1521 Scadlock, Robert, 260 Scrymgeour, Jas., NTH Shearer, John, 1523 Smyth, John, Yr., . 271 Sinclair, Archd., 888 Sutherland, James Noble, 1528 Simpsone, Robert, . 281 Steel, W'm., 902 Stephen, Wm., 1601 Strnthers, Gavin, 297 Steven, Hugh, 983 Sim, Win., 1607 Stevenson, Allan, 303 Scott, Wm., . 1009 Smeliie, Wm., . 1622 Simpson, Archd., 312 Stewart, Alexr., 1011 Stevenson, John, 1623 Simpson, George, 313 Simpson, James Bell, 1015 Sturrock, James, 1624 Simpson, John, 323 Scadlock, Wm., 1020 Spiers, John Ewing, . 1625 Simpson, Archd., 324 Shanks, John, . 1023 Searcy, William, 1627 Strang, John, . 333 Scott, George, . 1034 Sym, James, . 1640 Scott, James, . 347 Spencer, Wm., 1049 Sinclair, Robert, 1647 Summervell, David, 350 Steven, Robert, 1053 Scott, James, . 1668 Sawers, William, 359 Strath, Wm., . 1064 Stewart, Samuel, 1671 Sword, James, 3158 Strath, Hugh, . 1065 Stewart, Thomas, 1677 Stenhouse, Thomas, 376 Smart, John, . 1069 Stewart, Alexr. Hill, 1678 Stewart, James, 388 Spencer, Jas. Lockhart, 1072 Scott, John, 1684 Scott, Thomas, 396 Sinclair, Wm., 1079 Smith, Wm., . 1686 Sword, Alexr., 398 Steven, Jas., . 1089 Seath, Thomas Bollen, 1687 Scott, George, . 442 Steven, Wm., . 1090 Smith, Alexr., . 1697 Scott, John, 146 Sinclair, John, ' . 1101 Sharp, Wm., . 1698 Simpson, James, 465 Sim, Andrew, . 1114 Steel, James, . 1722 Smith, Thos., . 466 Stewart, Alexr., 1113 Sharp, Wm., Jr., 1734 Sheddan, Robert, 477 Stewart, Wm., 1119 Sloan, Wm. Charles .Smith, David, . 478 Speirs, John, . 1142 Tennant, 1735 Smith, Duncan, 481-1 Sutherland, David, . 1146 Steel, James, . 1742 Sharp, John, . 4S5 Smith, John, . 1151 Sheriff, George, 1745 Smeliie, Wm., . 51)2 Stark, Dugald Bannatyne, 1164 Steel, James, . 1751 Spears, David, 504 Stewart, Wm., 1167 Swan, David, Jr., 1754 Smart, Wm., . 509 Stobo, Wm., . 1187 Stewart, Donald Patrick, . 1763 Steven, John, . 528 Stewart, Wilson, 1189 Smeliie, Dr. James, . 1788 Sword, James, 530 Strang, James, 1194 Smith, George, 1797 Spittal, James, 536 Scott, John, 120!) Steel, James, . 1806 Sinclair, John, 545 Steel, David, . 1264 Steel, James, Jr., 1821 Smith, John, . 548 Smeaton, John, 1274 Stilling, John, 1844 Scott, Walter, . 560 Stephen, George, 1280 Smith, Hugh, . 1846 Snodgrass, James, 574 Stephen, George, Jr., 1299 Stevenson, Archd. Connell 1866 Smith, David, . 584 Steel, John, 1312 Steel, John, 1873 Summerville, Robert, 595 Stewart, Robt., 1326 Steel, James Harvey, 1893 Stewart, Walter, 597 Stewart, Walter, 1337 Smith, James, 1900 Steel, Thos., . 602 Shaw, Wm. Clarke, . 1341 Smith, John Paterson, 1903 Stewart, Wm., 603 Steven, Wm., . 1312 Smith, Alexr., . 1905 Syra, James, . 607 Scott, James, . 1344 Smith, Gordon, 1911 Stewart, Wm., 617 Scott, Allan, . 1348 Sncll, James Anderson, 1924 Smith, John, . 623 Stewart, James, 1371 Smith, Win. Robertson, . 1945 Scott, Wm., . 647 Stewart, John, 1376 Shaw, Andrew, 1955 Smith, John, . 668 Strang. Wm., . 1377 Stewart, James Robert, 1959 Scott, Wm., . 074 Strang, Matthew, 1378 Strang, George, 1990 Scott, John, 678 Spiers, John, . 1383 Steel, James, . 1998 Sinclair, David, 679 Stewart, John, 1393 Steel, Alexr. Young, 1999 Smith, John, . 689 Spence, Wm., . 1399 Stewart, Wm. Black, 2013 Stewart, James, 704 Sutherland, Porteous, 1408 Sheriff, George, Jr., . 2034 Stewart, John, 705 Sutherland, Porteous, Jr., 1409 Stirling, Wm., 2040 Sinclair, Archd., 711 Sutherland, Wm., 1416 Stevenson, Wm., 2051 Scott, John, 725 Stewart, John, 1426 Stewart, James, 2059 Smith, John, . 730 Stewart, James, 1427 Stronach, Robt. Summers, 2061 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 383 Name. Stewart, Duncan, Stevenson, John, Spencer, John, Sneddon, John, Spencer, James, Stewart, Win. Watson, Scott, Edward John, Smith, Findlay, Smith, John, . Sinclair, Thomas, Smart, Thomas, Stewart, Archd., Swan, John Morison, Spencer, Wni., Jr., . Steel, Alexr., . Steel, Henry Bell Wesley, Steel, Charles Wilson, Shaw, James, . Stevenson, Wm., Jr., Samuels, Richd. Davern, Smith, Alexr., . Stewart, John, Scott, James Porteous, Stout, Robert, Stout, John Scott, . Stobo, Robert, Sutherland, John, Stewart, Andrew, Stewart, James, Steel, George Corsan, Steel, John Dickson, Steel, Archd. Dickson, Stobo, Thomas, Salmon, James, Stuart, John, . Steven, Thomas, Simpson, Wm., Steven, Hugh, Steven, Alexr., Steven, John Alexr., Steven, Peter, . Steven, Andrew, Smyth, Wm. Hugh, . Stewart, James, Stewart, John Howat, Smith, David Adam, Salmon, Wm. Forrest, Stewart, James Todd, Shaw, Robert Barclay, Smith, James, Smith, James Brown, Stewart, Henry, Steven, Alexr., Shaw, John MTntyre, ■Shaw, Wm., Smith, Wm., . Sutherland, Angus, . Stewart, Archd., Jr., Stewart, John Allan, Smith, Hugh Fames, Smith, Charles, Scott, Arthur Thomas, Scott, Walter, . . No. Name. No. Name. No. 2077 Scott, Henry, . 2684 Sloane, John, . 3349 2082 Scott, Gavin, . 2685 Sikes, Alexr., . 3358 2088 Spence, John Wm., . 2686 Sutherland, John Robertson,3365 2093 Simpson, And. Heggie, 2690 Smith, Rev. Peter, . 3366 2105 Steven, John, . 2711 Service, Robt., Gibson, 3396 2106 Sheriff, John, . 2726 Sclanders, James, 3413 2116 Smith, John Guthrie, 2731 Stewart, Alexr., 3430 2119 Scott, John, Jr., 2740 Stewart, Donald Campbell, 3431 2120 Sewell, Wm. Robert, 2755 Smith, Charles Campbell, . 3432 2130 Smith, James, 2764 Smith, Allan M'Gregor, 3433 2138 Smith, John, . 2765 Smith, Alexr., Jr., . 3434 2149 Strang, John Henderson, 2782 Stirrat, Wm. Blair, . 3447 2156 Sturrock, Wm., 2783 Shaw, Archd. M'Innes, 3462 2159 Stewart, Thomas, 2803 Stockdale, Herbert Fitton, 3465 2166 Smith, Edwin Gibson, 2831 Spencer, John Wm. Arthur 3474 2167 Smith, George Wilson, 2832 Stewart, George, 3475 2168 Smith, Robert Spencer, 2833 Sterling, John Lockhart, . 3487 2199 Smith, Robert Brown, 2836 Scott, Harold, 3506 2222 Smith, Wm. MacAdam, 2837 Stout, Wm., . 3564 2252 Shearer, Wm., 2887 Sclanders, Alex. Neilson, . 3569 2261 Spiers, James M'C'onnell, . 2922 Semple, Miller, 3586 2264 Somerville, John, 2931 Stevenson, Kenneth Win., 3587 2290 Stout, Peden, . 2945 Samson, Alexr. Whitehead, 3588 2307 Spence, Robt. Brown, 2950 Stout, Wm., Jr., 3597 2308 Steven, David And., 2954 Stewart, James Watson, . 3602 2309 Smith, Wm., . 2956 Samson, Alexr. Whitehead, 2336 Smith, Hugh Osborne, 2957 Jr 3612 2338 Steven, John, . 2966 Samson, Thomas, 3613 2339 Steven, Alexr. Kay, 2967 Smith, Alexr., . 3617 2346 Sutherland, Robt., . 3014 Stewart, Norman Peter 2347 Steven, Wm., . 3036 Henderson, . 3621 2348 Steven, John Wilson, 3037 Stewart, Jack Milne, 3622 2301 Stewart, David Yoolow, 3042 Smith, John, Jr., 3649 2366 Stevenson, Robert, . 3075 Steven, Robert Muir, 3704 2373 Sorley, Wm., . 3081 Salmon, James, 3708 2378 Stewart, George Howat, 3100 Scott, Wm. James, . 3726 2414 Stewart, Robert, 3106 Sloan, Wm. Arnott, . 3740 2415 Sutherland, Robert Maekay, 3108 Sorley, Wm. A. M., . 3762 2420 Stewart, Wm., 3110 Sorley, Robert L. K, 3763 2421 Stewart, Andrew, 3112 Strain, James M'Meekin. . 3777 2425 Sutherland, Sinclair, 3115 Sharp, John Hutchinson, . 3801 2427 Sturrock, David, 3120 Sclanders, Alexander, 3826 2449 Smith, Wm. Brownhill, 3125 Sewell, Wm. Alexr., . 3838 2463 Steven, Alexr. Edward, 3198 Stewart, Robert Victor, 3846 2464 Steven, Frederick John, 3199 Stout, John, 3863 2465 Stout, James (otherwise 2503 James Stevenson), 3205 Tacket, Arthor, 60 2504 Shearer, John, 3231 Telphair, Robert, . 138 2507 Sutherland, Wm., 3236 Telfer, Wm 226 2520 Smith, George, 3241 Telfoord, Alexr., 254 2531 Smith, George, Jr., . 3245 Thomson, Duncan. . 287 2535 Smith, Robert Workman, . 3246 Thomson, John, 305 2587 Stewart, John Watson, 3251 Telfiex, John, . 329 2595 Smith, Lewis Osborne, 3261 Telfer, Peter, . 357 2596 Shearer, Edmund, 3284 Taylor, James, 377 2621 Scott, Edward, 3287 Thomson, Wm., 470 2648 Stewart, Donald, 3293 Thomson, Archd., 512 2649 Sheriff, Robert, 3305 Thomson, John, 519 2655 Smith, James Gillies, 3308 Thomson, Robert, 565 2667 Smith, James Parker, 3309 Turnbull, James, 620 2669 Stuart, James Tait, . 3314 Thorburn, John, 632 2679 Steven, James, 3331 Thomas, John, 659 2680 Stirrat, James, 3334 Turner, Robt., 676 3»4 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Turner, Duncan, 684 Thomson, John, 2517 Thomson, John, 687 Thomson, James MacIntyio,2518 Ure, James, 577 Thomson, Wni., 706 Tullis, James Thomson, 2528 Ure, Wm., 804 Thallow, Robert, 729 Thomson, John Joseph, 2536 lie, George, . 985 Taylor, Wm., . 746 Thomson, Wm., li.YIX Urquhart, James, 1222 Turner, Duncan, 837 Thomson, John, 2573 Ure, Win., 2214 Tolmie, Alexr., 850 Taylor, Wm., . 2574 Ure, John, 2566 Thomson, Robert, . 877 Thomson, Wm. Allison, 2657 Ure, John, 2693 Todd, John, . 931 Taylor, John, . 2670 Ure, And. Whyte, 2709 Todd, John, . 975 Taylor, Henry Downs, 2766 Ure, George Reid, 2835 Thomas, Robert, 1002 Taylor, James, 2767 Ure, George Albert, . 3222 Taylor, Wm., . 1022 Tullis, Samuel Scott, 2846 L'li-, Archd. Robertson, 3526 Thorburn, Walter, . 1054 Tullis, John, . 2847 Torrance, James, 1076 Thomson, Edward John, . 2852 Williamsowne, Robert, 9 Thomson, Andrew, . 1077 Thomson, James Geo, On. 2853 Wilsoune, Robert, 54 Thomson, John, 1106 Thomson, John James, 2966 Walker, Johnne, 57 Thomson, Robert, 1123 Thomson, Wm. Neilson, . 2968 Williamsone, Johne, 86 Tannoch, Thomas, . 1155 Thomson, James Rodger, Winzet, Thos., 99 Thomson, George, 1176 Jr. 2969 Wilsone, Wm., 102 Tod, David, . 1177 Tullis, John, Jr., 2979 Wat, Harie, 108 Taylor, James, 1232 Tullis, Adam Young, 2980 Wilsone, Johne, 121 Thomson, Crawford, 1257 Tullis, David Neil, . 2981 Weir, Johne, . 140 Taylor, James, 1263 Tullis, James Thomson, 2982 Walker, Robert, 149 Thorn, Andw., 1327 Teacher, Adam, 2991 Waterstone, James, . 150 Teller, Wm., . 1336 Thomson, Malcolm Bernard ,3004 Wilsone, Adam, 175 Tannahill, David, 1389 Taylor, Henry Holland, 3021 Waterstoune, Wm., . 183 Thomas, Charles, 1398 Thiem, Ernest Wm., 3091 Wilsoune, John, 188a Thomson, John, 1411 Tullis, Kiclder, 3168 Whyt, Androw, 192 Taylor, Alex., . 1444 Tullis, Harry Price, . 3169 Watt, John, . 194 Tolmie, Alex., . 1506 Tullis, Norman Livingstone ,3170 Weir, David, . 208 Turner, John, . 1515 Thomson, Robt. Henry B., 3188 Wyllie, Wm., . 228 Taylor, John, . 1586 Tennant, John, 3264 Waterstone, John, . 240 Townsend, Joseph, . 1 675 Townsend, Chas. Washing Watson, Andrew, 322 Turnbull, John, 1703 ton, .... 3321 Willson, John, 328 Turnbull, John, 1750 Turnbull, Alexr., 3310 Whytlaw, James, 334 Thomas, James Allan, 1752 Turner, Joseph, 3347 Wilson, Robert, 341 'fait, Wm., 1756 Taylor, John Alex., . 3363 Witherspond, James, 344 Tod, David, . 1789 Taylor, Thos. Jack, . 3364 Wardrop, John, 356 Thomson, James R., 1790 Thomson, Wm., 3375 Wylie, John, . 438 Tiernan, ThomaB, 1864 Taylor, Wm. Gilchrist, 3395 Wardrop, Harry, 445 Taylor, Wm. Graham, 1894 Tatlock, Robert Rattray, . 3459 Wylie, James, . 460 Taylor, James, 1932 Taylor, Walter M'Kim, 3461 Wright, Adam, - 461 Turnbull, John, 1952 Turner, John M'Creath, 3516 Wyllie, James, 472 Thomson, Graham Hardic 2004 Taylor, Alexr. Gardner, 3523 Waddell, Wm., 541 Taylor, Wm., . 2041 Todd, Robert John, . 3549 Whyte, John, . 542 Tolmie, And. Denny, 2H84 Townsend, Joseph Travis, 3566 Warden, Wm., 578 Thomson, Malcolm Taylor, Neil Smith, . 3573 Williamson, Thos., . 598 Colquhoun, . 2098 Turnbull, Wm. Lawrie, 3574 Wilson, Alexr., 601 Tennant, Archd., 2139 Thorn, John, . 3575 Watson, Robert, 630 Tullis, David, . 2153 Torrance, Alexr. Watt, 3603 Wright, John, . 640 Tennant, Alexr. Archd., 2157 Torrance, Douglas Alexr., 3655 Walker, James, 669 Tennant, Thos. Archibald, 2158 Todd, George, . 3680 Wardrop, John M'Kinnon, 690 Thomas, Charles David, 2229 Taylor, Wm. Gilchrist, Jr., 3748 Wardrop, Henry, 691 Thomson, Jonathan, 2291 Taylor, George Bilton, 3755 Walker, Alex., 712 Thomson, John, 2329 Thornycroft, Wallace, 3782 Walker, Chas., 716 Thompson, James, . 2341 Thomson, Grahame Hardie ,3788 Walker, Wm., . 743 Thompson, And., 2397 Thomson, Peter MacLellan, 3789 Whelar, Samuel, 749 Thomson, James, 2428 Thomson, William Rowan, 3798 Wood, Alexr., . 753 Taylor, Duncan Cameron, 2431 Tennent, John, 3799 Wotherston, Wm., . 754 Thomson, Alexr., 2474 Turner, John Hamilton, . 3803 Wright, Wm., . 755 Turnbull, John, Jr., . 2493 Tennant, Sir Edward P., Watts, Jas., 761 Tennant, Charles, 2497 Bart 3811 Wotherspoon, Alexr., 828 Tullis, John K., 2516 Thomson, Wm., Jr., . 3859 Wise, James, . 831 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 385 Namo. No. Name. No. Name. No. Wotherspoon, James, . 832 Watson, Robert Grow, 1914 Wallace, Archd. Cameron, 2876 Watson, James, . 854 Wylie, Wm., . 1921 Watson, Thos., JV.IJ Wilson, John, Jr., . 914 Wilson, Wm., . 1941 Wallace, Robert, l's:c; Watt, Robt., . . 919 Wilson, Matthew Genimel, 1946 Watson, Archd., 2930 Wilson, Alexr., . 945 Wylie, Wm., Jr., 1948 Wellwood, John, 2932 Walker, Wm., . . 961 Wilson, Wm., . 1950 Wallace, John Boyd, 2949 White, Wm., . . 902 Wingate, Thonias, . 1966 Watson, David, 2973 Wilson, Wm., . . 976 Wingate, Paterson, . 1967 Watson, Wm., _".i7l Watson, George, . 978 Wood, Alexr., . 2014 Watson, John M'Ewan, 2975 White, George, . 992 Watson, John, 2024 Warren, John Alexr., 3046 Wylie, James, . . 1018 Watson, Thos. Wm., 2025 White, Thos., . 3069 Welsh, David, . . 1031 Walker, Archd., Jr., 2026 Walker, James, 3092 Welsh, John, . . 1041 Walker, James George, 2027 Walker, Archd., 3093 Waddell, John, . 1059 Wallace, Hugh, 2049 Welsh, James, 3 134 Wardrop, James, . 1104 Wylie, Joseph Andrew, 2057 Welsh, Thos. Lang, . 3135 Wingate, Thos., . 1110 Watt, John, . 2072 Wallace, James George, 3171 Wood, Alexr., . . 1125 Wilson, George, 2114 Warren, Thomas Thorbui n , 3172 Wotherspoon, John, . 1138 Weir, Thomas, 2115 Warren, Thos., Jr., . 3200 Walker, Alexr., Jr., . . 1140 Wyper, James Cowan, 2144 Warren, Timothy, 3227 Watson, George, Sr., . 1145 Whitelaw, Alexr., 2152 Wyper, John Strang, 3239 Watson, Robt., . 1148 Wallace, Matthew, . 2160 Wyper, James Stewart , 3240 Wood, Alexr., . . 1182 Walker, John Ewing, 2186 Walker, Wm. Craig, 3300 Webster, David, . 1201 Whyte, Robert, 2195 Walker, Wm. M'Laren, 3307 Wood, Archd. Colquhoun, . 1229 Wright, James, 2207 Walker, James, 3336 Watt, Charles, . 1239 Wallace, Wm., 2230 Wilson, John, Jr., 3332 Watson, Andrew, . 1249 Wallace, John, 2231 Wilson, Peter M'Gregor, . .•(34:! Wyllie, Alexr., . 1267 Wallace, James, 2232 Wishart, John, 3348 Wyllie, David, . 1268 Wallace, Alexr., 2233 Webster, James Black, 3377 Wright, John, . . 1277 Watson, Francis, 2244 Wotherspoon, John, Jr., . 3371 Walker, James, . 1302 Wallace, David, 2248 White, Matthew, .•1397 Wyllie, James, . 1328 Wallace, James, 2262 Walker, John Sharp, 3442 Watson, John, . 1351 Wilson, Robert F. Macduff 2275 Weir, Wm., . 3404 Willox, John, . . 1353 Wilson, George Mathieson, 2276 Walker, John Baird, 3466 Walker, James, Jr., . . 1358 Wilson, Kenneth, 2277 Wilson, Robert, 3471 Weir, Wm., . . 1369 Wilson, Percy, 2278 Williamson, Robert, 3482 Watson, John, Jr., . . 1503 Wallace, George Hutcheson ,2298 Webster, Harry Carrick, . 3480 Wood, James, . . 1516 Wilson, James, 2304 Walker, John .Morris, 3532 Wilson, Hugh, . 1517 Wallace, John, 2300 Walker, John Morris, 3542 Warren, Thomas, . 1582 Walker, Robert, 2371 Weir, Wm., 3548 Watson, Thomas, . 1591 Wright, Wallace, 2386 Whimster, Thos. Williamson .3561 Webster, Alexr., . 1592 White, John (M.D.), 2393 Wilson, Jas., . 3563 Watson, Henry, . 1596 Wilson, Charles, 2416 Wyllie, And. Miller, . 3568 Watson, James, . 1597 Walker, Malcolm M'Ncil, . 244] Wilson, John, . 3576 Watson, Wm., . 1598 Wink, James, . 2442 Wilson, Wyllie Gemmell, . 3577 Watson, David, . 1599 Wood burn, James Cowan, 2467 Wilson, Wm., . 3601 Waddell, James Gray, . 1600 Weir, George, . 2475 Wood, Alexr., . 3620 Waddell, George, . 1614 Weir, James, . 2476 Wiseman, Alex. Stmthere, 3637 Watson, Wm. West, . 1639 Whitelaw, Thos. Newton, . 2559 Wilson, Henry Archd., 3641 Warren, Timothy, . . 1648 Walker, James Alexr., 2591 White, Joseph, 3642 Watson, James, . 1660 Wyper, James, 2633 Warden, Robert, 3647 Wotherspoon, Gavin, . 1662 Wilson, Thomas Mills, 2635 Wilson, Wm.. . 3678 Wright, Daniel, . 1704 Wilson, Thomas Wingate. . 2663 Wallace. George Hutcheson 3693 Workman, John, . 1713 Williamson, Oliphant, 2691 Wnndrow. Alexr. Nome, . 3723 Warren, Wm., . 1721 Williamson, Chas. Wyllie, John. . 3739 Wilson, David, . 1716 M'Donald. . 2692 Wilson, Henry Arnold, 3790 Weir, Wm., . 1757 Wylie, David Valentine, . 2700 Weir, Jas. George, . :is4:; Wilson, Charles, . 1771 White, Wm., . 2750 Weir, John, 3S51 Watson, Andrew, . 1822 Watson, Herbert John, 2770 Whitelaw, Alexr., . 1832 Watson, Henry Allan, 2771 Young, Alexr., 31 Wilson, Clias., Jr., . . 1883 Watson, Allan Macnab, 2772 Young, John, . 104 Walker, Archd., . 1895 Wilson, David, 2789 Young, George, 141 Wilson, Robert, 1898 Wilson, Wm. Joseph, 27!i'.' Young, Hugh, . 407 Wilson, John, . 1909 Wilson, George, 2845 Young, George, 554 386 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. " Name. No. Name. No. Name. No. Yuille, Thos., . 701 Yule, John, . 1589 Young, George Burn, Jr., . 3175 Yuill, John, 930 Young, John, . . 1749 Young, Robert., 3392 Young, George, 939 Young, Wm., . . IVTii Younger, John, 3405 Young, James, 940 Young, John, . . 1842 Young, Thomas, 3541 Yool, John, 1055 Young, James Young Yorke, Walter M'Gregor, . 3591 Young, Adam, 1071 Grandison, . . 1997 Yorke, Norman Dewar Young, James, 118(1 Young, George Burn, . 2196 M'Gregor, 3607 Young, James, Jr., . 1190 Yuille, James, . 2241 Young, John Graham, 3614 Young, James, 1382 Y'oung, John, Jr., . 2316 Y'oung, Wm. Alexr., 3615 York, Wm., . 1407 Y'oung, James, . 2355 Y'oung, Mungo Robert Young, Wm., . 1435 Y'oung, John Waterson, . 2432 Caruth, 3616 York, Charles, 1448 Young, Allan, . . 2801 Y'oung, Thos. Guthrie, 3671 York, James, . 1450 Young, John, . . 3060 Younger, Archd. Scott, 3724 Yuille, David, . 1456 Y'oung, Peter Taylor, Jr. 3066 Yarrow, Alfred Fernandez, 3792 Young, Adam, L502 Yuill, Walter, . . 3132 Y r arrow, Harold Edgar, 3831 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 387 VIII. LIST OF COLLECTORS (from 1616) and DEACONS (from 1604), WITH CAPITAL STOCK OF THE INCORPORATION FOR EACH YEAR FROM 1800. The asterisk (") denotes Deacon Conveners of the Trades, and the dates following show their years of office. Year. Collector. Deacon. Year. Collector. Deacon. 1604 David Pollok. 1644 Robert Wilsone. Adam Nicoll. 1005 Johnne Scot. 1645 Thomas Hendersone. Johne Reid. 1G06 Peter Lymburner. 1646 William Phillip Alexr. Jamphrav, Yr. 1007 Johnne Stirling. 1647 Johne Leiper. John Duncan. 1608 Jou. Neper. 1648 Gawin Scot. Robert. Wilsone. 1609 »» 1649 Johne Pitilloche. 1610 Gabriell Smyt. 1650 David Robesoun. William Phillip. 1611 » 1651 David Robertsone. Johne Pittilloch. 1612 Jon. Neper. 1652 George Park. Arthor Tacket. 1613 James Rowatt. 1653 Johne Walker. James Duncan. 1614 Gabriell Smythe. 1654 James Barclay. Alex. Jafray. 1615 Jon. Scott. 1655 Johne Duncanesone James Duneane. 1616 Robert Wilson. Johne Scott, Yr. 1656 Johne Burnes. Alex. Jafra. 1617 , 1657 James Johnsone. Johne Burnes. 1618 Johne Stirling. Gabriell Smytlie. 1658 M 1619 Johne Stirling. 1659 Johne Maxwell. Robert Wilsoune. 1620 Johne Scott, Yr. 1 Robert Wilson. tJohne Stirling. 1660 1661 William Hendirsone . William Grahame. Johne Maxwell. Alexr. Goveane. 1621 Johne Scot, Yr. 1662 Johne Young. Johne Leiper. 1622 John Stirling. Johne Duneane. 1663 Thomas Winzat. Alexr. Jamphra. 1623 Johne Scot, Yr. 1664 Harie Watt. Johne Maxwell. 1624 Uabriell Smyt. 1665 Alexr. Black. Alexr. Jamphraye. 1625 Johne Duneane. ,, 1666 Johne Johnestone. Johne Leiper. 1626 Arthour Tackettis. William Stalker. 1667 Patrick M'ilvicar. Alexr. Goveane. 1627 Henrie Robesoun Johne Duneane. 1668 Alexr. Strange. *James Fairrie (D.C., 1628 Thomas Miller. Gabriell Smythe. 1671, 1675-6, 1679- 1629 Rot. Cuiiynghame. Johne Kirkwood. 80). 1630 Olepheir Petillocke. Gabriell Smythe. 1669 James Ker. Andrew Purdoune. 1631 Johne Duneane. 1670 Georg Robisomie. Hendrie Watt. 1632 William Burrell. Johne Kirkwood. 1671 Johne Rankine. Alexr. Goveane. 1633 William Calderwood. Arthure Tackettis. 1672 Andrew Bailzie. 1634 Adame Nicoill. Allane Naper. 1673 Johne Hodge. William Grahame. 1635 James Park. Johne Maxwell. 1674 Rot. Telphair. Alexr. Goveane. 1636 Johne M'beu. Henrie Robesoune. 1675 Andrew Craig. James Kerr. 1637 William Burrall. Thomas Miller. 1676 James Watterstoune Alexr. i loveane. 1638 Jon M'ben. William Stalker 1677 Georg Buutine. James Kerr. 1639 William Duneane. Johne Kirkwood. 1678 Johne Craig. Alexr. Blacke. 1640 James Park. »» 1679 James Duneane. Alexr. Goveane. 1641 James Duncau. Arthor Tacketts. 1680 James Kerr. 1642 Johne Reid. Johne M'ben. 1681 Jon Davidsone. ♦Robert Telfer (D.C., 1643 Robert Wilsone. William Burrell. 16S2). f In room of Robert Wilson, deceased. 388 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Year. „ Collector. Deacon. Year. Collector. Deacon. 1682 John Craig. Robert Teller. 1731 Robert Mackie. ♦Walter Lang (D.C, 1083 Androw Purdouno. 1733). 1684 Jon Carrie. Alcxr. Bryce. 1732 Alexander Rae. Walter Lang. 1085 Stophane Crawfurd. James Duncan. 1733 „ ♦Robert Mackie (D.C, 1686 James Graham. t 1741-2). 1087 1734 John Strang. Robert Mackie. 1088 Johne Simpsonc. Stephan Crawfurd. 1735 »» Robert Fulton. 1689 Mathow I SUmour. George Robiesone. 1730 James Witherfoord. »» 1090 William Water- Stephan Crawfurd. 1737 ,, Robert Craig. Htounc. I73S William Lang. ,, 1691 Johne Robiesoune. „ 1739 ,, John Lindsay. 1092 Androe Dinnes- George Robiesone. 1740 Gavin Kible. toune. 1741 James Collier. William Lang. 1093 John Black, Elder. Johne (?) Robiesone. 1742 ,, *» 1094 James Smyth. »» 1743 Archibald Simpson. James Witherfoord. 1095 Patrick Heudersone. William Waters- 1744 ,, ii toune. 1745 James Lindsay. ♦Matthew Gilmour 1090 Johne Robb. ,, (D.C, 1745-6). 1097 William Broutie. Mathow Gilmour. 1740 ,, Allan Stevenson. 1098 Johne Black. »» 1747 William Downie. ». 101)9 Archd. Simpaone, George Robiesone. 1748 »» James VVhytlaw. Yr. 1749 Francis Strang. »» 1700 Johne Strang. » 1750 John Buchanan. James Coallier. 1701 Nathaniell Love. ♦Mathew Gilmure (D. 1751 » ,, C, 1710-11, 1710- 1752 James I'lccming. James Glen. 17, 1720-1). 1753 Alexander Matthie. ii 1702 ,, Mathew Gilmure. 1754 „ ♦James Witherfoord 1703 James Anderson. Androw Dinnieston. (D.C, 1757-8). 1704 I, „ 1755 James M'Gill. James Witherfoord. 170.') Matthew M'Cure. William Telford. 1750 ,, James Lindsav. 1700 1757 John Dallas. 1707 Robert Fulton. John Simpson. 1758 William Black. John Buchanan. 1708 if ,» 1759 George Jardinc. Alexander Matthie. 1709 William Clark. John Craig. 1700 Andrew Craig. Archibald M'Loan. 1710 1761 William Lang. James M'Gill. 1711 John Simpson, Vr. Stephen Crawford. 1702 William M'Keoun. George Jarden. 1712 ii 1703 David Warnoch. Robert Martin. 1713 Johne Carrie. William Clark. 1704 James Houston. Andrew Craig. 1714 1705 William Leechman. John Dallas. 1715 John Lindsay. William Strang. 1700 Robert Hood. James Brodie. 1710 John Black, Yr. 1767 Robert Miller. William Lang, Jr. 1717 John Craig, Yr. 1768 John Thomson. David Hendrie. 1718 „ William Clark. 1709 John Craig. Robert Miller. 1719 Archd. Denniston. ,, 1770 James Scott. William M'Keown. 1720 .lames Maitland. John Craig, Vr. 1771 Stephen Maxwell. John Campbell. 1721 Walter Lang. ,, 1772 John Hamilton. John Craig. 1722 James M'Gill. William Telficr. 1773 William Fulton. John Thomson 1723 n »» 1774 James Stephen. James Scott. 1724 Walter Corbet. Jon Simpson. 1775 John Ballantine. John Hamilton. 1725 „ 177(5 Andrew Machan. William Fulton. 1726 / Robert Dobie. \ \ JRobert Craig. / Walter Lang. 1777 James Muirhead. John Bannatyne. 1778 Robert Gray. Andrew Machan. 1727 Robert Craig. >» 1779 William Dick. James Stevens. 1728 ( Robert Luke. \ ^Alexander Paterson Alexander Paterson. V Robert Fulton. 1780 1781 James Craig. Robert Graham. James Muirhead. James Seott. 1729 ♦John Craig, Yr. (D.C. 1782 Alexander Buchanan James Craig. 1731-2). 1783 James Stewart. William Lang. 1730 Robert Mackie. John Craig, Yr. 1784 James Lang. James M'Ewan. 1785 James Lumsden. Alexander Buchanan. f The 1080 election is recorded 15th February, 1087. J In room of Robert Dobie, deceased. § Elected 3*lst October, 1728. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 389 Year. Collector. Deacon. Year. Collector. Deacon. 1786 William Mirrlees. James Lang. 1793 George Lyon. Patrick Main. 1787 Thomas M'Cash. James Scott. 1794 James Law. John Brand. 1788 John Stephens. William Mirrilees. : 1795 Thomas Smith. James Lumsden. 1789 William Dunn. William Fulton. 1790 Peter Mirrlees. James Law. 1790 Patrick Main. Thomas M'Cash. 1797 William Leechman. Thomas Smith 1791 Charles Miller. John Steven. 1798 John Paterson. Peter Mirrlees. 1792 Daniel Brown. William Dunn. 1799 John Machen. *George Lyon (D.C., 1803-4). Year. Collector. Deacon. Capital. 1800 John Hogg. James Galbraith. £1,960 6 01 1801 William Lang, Junr. John Machan. 1,940 6 11 § 1802 William Mitchell. James Law. 2,040 4 3 1803 Stephen Millar. William Lang, Jr. 2,090 14 11 1804 William Halbert. John Machan. 2,025 16 11§ 1805 James Lumsden. William Mitchell. 2,033 3 2\ 1806 William Dunn. James Gray. 2,070 11 llf 1807 John Naiper. William Halbert. 2,034 6 6* 1808 James Gray. Alexander Bonthron. 2,099 11 5§ 1809 James Liddell. John Naiper. 2,223 OJ 1810 William Craig. William Lang. 2,218 5 1811 James M'Viear. James Liddell. 2,325 3 04, 1812 Alexander Wood. William Craig. 2,305 18 11 J 1813 James Dawson. James M'Viear. 2,340 12 114 1814 John Leechman. Alexander Wood. 2,493 12 8J 1815 George Munro. James Liddell. 2,698 1 If 1816 John Watt. John Leechman. 2,594 2 4§ 1817 John Ritchie. George Munro. 2,017 17 2J 1818 Robert Napier. James Dawson. 2,669 13 6§ 1819 Archibald M'Lellan, Junr. John Ritchie. 2,632 7 7S 1820 David Law. Robert Napier. 1821 William Brownlie and Alexander Wood. ♦Arch. M'Lellan, Jr. (D.C., 1831-2, 1834). 2,758 17 4i 1822 James Maxwell. David Law. 2,863 14 48 1823 Hugh M'Donald. James M'Viear. 2,981 3J 1824 James Rae. George Munro. 3,133 14 5i 1825 William Bryden. Hugh M'Donald. 3,140 3 8 1820 Henry Field. James Rae. 3,312 18 3 1827 John MTntyre. James M'Viear. 3,170 5 5§ 1828 John Brown. James M'Viear. 3,899 6 5£ 1829 James Bowman. Hugh M'Donald. 3,940 Oh 1830 Robert Murdoch. James M'Viear. 3,085 10 3 J 1831 Andrew Crichton. James Bowman. 3,722 13 1^ 1832 David M'Donald. Robert Murdoch. 3,732 8 6 1833 George Young. Andrew Crichton. 3,811 5 11§ 1834 John Dougall. 11 3,884 2 4j[ 1835 Peter Aitken. George Young. 3,941 3 1836 James Wyllie. John Dougall. 3,977 3 US 1837 Andrew Lockhart, superseded by George Young. Alex. Wood. 3,978 6 2J 1838 Alexander Wood, Junr. Georgo Young. 4,013 5 11 1839 William Taylor. John Dougall. 4,100 15 10f 1840 William Logan. George Young. 4,314 4 2J 1841 John M'Callum. David M'Donald. 4,390 2 10 1842 William Alexander. William Logan. 4,478 13 10i 1843 Alexander Bowman. •John M'Callum (D.C., 4,077 18 3| 1840). Note. — The Capital Stock is that at the close of each Collet tor's year of office. 390 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. \ ear. Collector. Deacon. Capital. 1844 John M'Leod. William Alexander. £4,770 16 1845 John Croll. Alexander Bowman. 4,829 2 I if 1846 David Stool. John M'Lood. 4,862 9 2J 1847 Archibald M'Vicar. John Crnll. 4,980 9 I84S John Morison. David Steol. 4,933 1 10] 1849 John Nc-ill. Archd. MacVicar. 5,022 15 i,, 185(1 Alexander Bilsland. ♦John Morison (D.C., 1857-8). 5,117 15 0k 1 85 1 Charles Thomas. John Neill. 5,192 18 3< 1852 Colin M'Alpine. Alexander Bilsland. 5,207 2 4 1 853 Robert M'Gowan Lindsay. Charles Thomas. 5,462 11 5* 1 85 1 William Clark. Colin M'Alpine. 5,407 9 3J 1855 William More. Robert M. Lindsay. 5.541 16 US 1856 Anthony Inglis. William Clark. 5,975 6 6| 1857 W. E. C. Oark. William More. 6,093 9 8 $ 1 858 David Sutherland. •Anthony Inglis (D.C., 1801-2). 6,289 13 7 J 1 859 William Robertson. William E. C. Clark. 6,399 18 11 1860 Peter MacLellan. David Sutherland. 6,603 16 9jj IS.il Peter M'Gregor and Thomas Warren. Win. Robertson. 6,801 3 llij 1862 Thomas Warren. Peter MacLellan. 0,910 9 tijs 1863 Robert Arthur. R. M. Lindsay. 13,823 10 6 181)4 William Stephen. ♦Thomas Warren (D.C., 1869-70). 13,941 14 5 L865 William Smith. Robert Arthur. 14,058 4 I860 Joseph Healy. William Stephen. 14,238 19 3 1867 Archibald Gilchrist . ♦William Smith (D.C., 1873-4). 14,585 13 8 1808 Robert Hutchison. Joseph Healy. 14,764 12 6 1869 John Broadfoot. ♦Archibald Gilchrist (D.C., 1875-6). 14,972 18 10 1870 John Donald. Archibald Gilchrist. 15,464 9 3 1871 Andrew M'Onie. John Broadfoot. 16,062 11 1872 John Zuill Kay. John Donald. 16,589 9 5 1873 Robert Murdoch. ♦Andrew M'Onie (DC., 1879-80). 17,196 1 7 1874 Walter Macfarlane. John Zuill Kay. 17,856 6 11 1875 William Robertson. Robert Murdoch. 18,441 14 10 1876 John Young. Walter Macfarlane. 19,644 11 11J 1877 John Lennox Kincaid Jamieson. William Robertson. 19,977 10 2' 1878 David Kinghorn. John Young. 20,545 17 1 1879 David Corse Glen. John L. K. Jamieson. 20,794 3 1 SSi 1 James Clow MacEwan. David Kinghorn. 21,231 10 3i 1881 William Boyd. David C. Glen. 21,272 15 8 1882 William Wilson. James C. MacEwan 21,406 10 2 1883 John Phillips. William Boyd. 21,643 16 7 1884 James Gilchrist. John Broadfoot. 21,781 17 9 1885 Hugh Muir. John Phillips. 22,144 1 7 1886 John Thomson James Gilchrist. 22,287 18 6 1887 Alexander Davie. Hugh Muir. 22,162 13 6 1888 Thomas Potter. John Thomson. 22,253 6 1 1889 Archibald Stew ail. Alexander Davie. 22,507 5 7 1890 John F. Miller. Thomas Potter. 22,948 3 10 1891 David Tullis. Archibald Stewart. 23,790 16 3 1892 James M'Ewan. ♦John F. Miller (D.C., 1897-8). 24,305 17 2 1893 James Fergus. David Tullis. 25,207 17 11 1894 Andrew Maclean. James M'Ewan. 26,716 10 5 1895 David Richmond. James Fergus. 27,754 14 10 1896 Duncan Campbell. Andrew Maclean. 29,329 4 2 1897 Dugald M'Corkindale. Sir David Richmond. (Lord Provost.) 31,178 15 1 1898 William Robertson. Duncan Campbell. 32,498 8 2 1899 William A. Kinghorn Dugald M'Corkindale. 33,876 15 10 1900 Robert Stevenson. William Robertson. 35,497 9 1901 James Broadfoot. William A. Kinghorn. 38,564 4 6 1902 James Anderson. Robert Stevenson. 38,970 1 8 1903 Donald Stewart James Broadfoot. 39,745 2 4 APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 39i 1822, Sep Year. Collector. Deacon. Capital. 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 William Sorley. Robert Howie. Hugh Reid. William F. Russell. William Lorimer. Walter Macfarlane. John R. Richmond. Alex. Graeie, M V.O. James M'Ewan. Donald Stewart. William Sorley. Robert Howie. Hugh Reid. Wm. F. Russell. William Lorimer, LL.D. Walter Macfarlane, D.L. £40,581 7 7 41,945 19 9 42,558 1 43,360 9 4 44,835 11 45,742 3 9 46,798 19 1 " NOTES ON PRECEDING STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL. 1820, 1838, 1849. 1855. 1858. 1860. 1862. 1864. Sep, Sep Wm. Brownlie became bankrupt in June, 1822, and was succeeded by Alexander Wood. £15 19s. 4d. was lost bv W. B.'s failure, and £5 was paid in 1824 for his dinner— together, £20 7s. 4d. The large increase was caused by receiving s '-[ share of (iorbal lands, sold to the River Tr8. Collector Andrew Lockhart left Glasgow indebted £179 3s. 5d., which is stated as an asset of the Incorporation's. A dividend of £20 was received from his estate on March, IS39, the debt being thus reduced to £159 3s. 5d., which was written off as bad in 1849. See preceding note as to And. Lockhart's debt. Subscription to Patriotic Fund, £150. Subscription to Relief Fund for Unemployed, £50. Subscription to Buchanan Institution, £100. Mr. M'Gregor died on 26th April, and Mr. Warren was elected his successor. Down till 1863 the value of the interest of the Incorporation in the Gorbal lands is stated at the original price — viz., £111 2s. 2§d., — but in this and succeeding accounts the value is stated at £7,000, the Capital Account being thus increased to the extent of £6,888 17s. 9§d. IX. LIST OF HAMMERMEN WHO HAVE HELD OFFICE AS DEACON CONVENER OF THE TRADES OF GLASGOW. James Feme, James Ferrie, James Ferrie, Robert Telfer, . Matthew Gilmour, Matthew Gilmour, Matthew Gilmour, John Craig, Walter Lang, Robert Mackie, . Matthew Gilmour, James Witherfoord. George Lyon, Archibald M'Lellan, Archibald M'Lellan. 1 605 - 191 1. 1671 1675-1676 1679-1680 1682 1710-1711 1716-1717 1720-1721 1731-1732 1733 1741-1742 1745-1746 1757-1758 1803-1804 1831-1832 1834 392 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. John M'Callurn, . John Morrison, Anthony Inglis, . Thomas Warren, . William Smith, . Archibald Gilchrist , Andrew M'Onie, . John F. Miller. . 1846 1857-1858 1861-1862 1869-1870 1873-1874 1875-1876 1879-1880 1897-1898 X. CLERKS TO THE INCORPORATION FROM 1616. 1616. W. Fleming. 1619. Hew Blair. 1623. Adame Scot. 26th Jan., 1626. James Braidwood. 1630. Gilbert Marschell. 1641. Johne Andersone. 1653. Alexander Wilsone. 19th Feb., 1655. William Yair. 6th May, 1659. William Selkrig. 1662. Robert Fynnisone. 17th Dec, 1668. John Johns. 1679. Adam Wilsone. 9th Mar. 1683. James Ramsay. 12th Mar. 1686. George Noble. 1687. Thomas Falconer. 1688. Adam Wilsone. 1698. Thomas Orr (to 1733, when Minute Book I. ends) 1733 to 1775 Minute Book lost. 29th Sept., 1775. 14th April, 1797. 16th Dec, 1825. 6th April, 1868. 29th July, 1881. 26th April, 1900. Matthew Gilmour, — continued Clerk. William Lindsay. Hugh Moncrieff, partner of the late William Lindsay, and afterwards of the firm of Moncrieff, Paterson, Forbes & Barr. Adam Paterson, LL.D. A. Craig Paterson, LL.B. Hugh Moncrieff, B.L. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 393 XI. THE DECREE OF DECLARATOR, 1777. CONDITIONS ON WHICH THE EXTRACT DECREE IS HELD BY THE INCORPORATION OF HAMMERMEN. Minute of Meeting of the Craft held at the Trades Hospital, 25th September, 1778. Because The said Incorporation of Hammermen being fully sensible of the great pains trouble and Diligence of the Committees of the said first four Incorporations and of their Agents and Lawyers in manageing and carrying on the said Process Do hereby approve of Give them the thanks of this Incorporation for their Conduct therein and hereby earnestly recommend it to and instruct their Repre- sentatives in the Trades House present and to come to have the said Decreet observed and inforced in all points and not to suffer the same in any point to be violated or Incroached upon The Deacon also produced an Extract of an Act of each of the Incorporations of Taylors Cordiners and Maltman appointing the said full Extract of the said Decreet to be Lodged in the Box of this Incorporation of Hammermen to be there preserved for the common benefite of the said first four Incorporations and to be made forthcoming to them and each of them at all times and to be Lent to them or any of them on receipt and Obligement for Redelivery in a competent time upon this Incorporation passing an Act of their Trade Act anent the Agreeing to and acknowledgeing the said Lodgement in the terms above Lodgement mentioned and giving an Extract of such Act to each of the Deacons of the said Extract of Incorporations to be Lodged in their respective Boxes This Incorporation hereby the Ue ^ reet Agree to the terms and Conditions of the said Act and the said full Extract of the ten the said Decreet being now produced and the same in presence of the Trade lrades - being now lodged in the Box of this Trade The said Incorporation of Hammermen hereby Grant and acknowledge the Lodgement of the said full Extract accordingly and bind and oblige this Incorporation to comply with the terms and Conditions of the said Lodgement as contained in the said Acts and to make the said full Extract furthcoming and patent and to Lend the same to the said Incorporations of Taylors Cordiners and Maltmen or any of them at all times when required upon Receipt and Obligement for redelivery in a competent time And ordain an Extract of this Act to be given to each of the said Incorporations of Taylors Cordiners and Maltmen for the purpose aforesaid A Notarial Copy of the Decree of Declarator was then Lodged in the Box of this Trade. 26 394 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. XII. JAMES WATT AND THE GLASGOW HAMMERMEN. 1 AN EXAMPLE OF HISTORICAL GRAFTING. The charge against the hammermen. Black's simple story. Stuart's version. The incorporation of hammermen has frequently been blamed for having prevented James Watt from starting business in Glasgow as a mathematical instrument maker. In telling or in repeating the story, biographers of Watt, essayists and lecturers, and even encyclopaedists and historians, have not only denounced the hammermen with varying degrees of wrath, but have also em- bellished the tale with such imaginary additions that, were one not acquainted with the story of the three crows, it would be impossible to account for such a continually swelling series of literary inventions. The story has found its way into man}' publications. I have traced the legend through twenty different works, starting with a quotation s from the manuscript of Joseph Black, M.D., Professor at the University from 1756 to 1766, — the critical period in Watt's life — and ending with the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 191 1 edition. Let us begin with Dr. Joseph Black's manuscript. He says : — "In the year 1757 (Watt) went to settle in Glasgow, as a maker of mathematical instruments ; but being molested by some of the corporations, who considered him as an intruder on their privileges, the University pro- tected him by giving him a shop within their precincts, and by conferring on him the title of mathematical instrument maker to the University." The manuscript of John Robison, Lecturer on Chemistry at the University from 1766 to 1769, is said also to contain some reference to the subject, but I have been unable to obtain access to Robison's manuscript, and in any event no writer quotes from it in this connection. The earliest printed publication of the story I have been able to trace is contained in Robert Stuart's Historical and Descriptive Anecdotes of Steam Engines and of their Inventors and Improvers, published in 1829. 3 Stuart narrates that soon after Watt returned from London to his native town "'he began to job on his own account' both there and at Glasgow ; but at the latter place, in which he was more anxious to settle, a formidable obstacle presented itself in the shape of a Corporation. He was not a 1 This article appeared in The Glasgow Herald of 26th December, 191 1. 2 Given in Arago's Life of Watt, 1839. 3 London : Wightman & Co., 1829, pp. 220-221 Janus Watt. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 395 Burgess and the rights of some of the Trades were considered to be infringed by his fabrication of compass legs, repairing fiddles and fishing rods ; an offence which could only be atoned for by his removal beyond the city jurisdiction." Into the University "as an asylum, Watt was admitted," etc. This is a version of Black's story, and no specific charge is made against the hammermen. But it may be remarked that the rights of the hammermen could not have been infringed by the " fabrication of compass legs, repairing fiddles and fishing rods." When M. Arago brought out his Life of James Walt, 1 in 1839, he quotes Arago. verbatim from Black, as given above. But in his Historical Eloge of James Wail, published in the same year, he goes somewhat further, and says : — 2 " Taking their stand on their ancient privileges, the corporations of arts and trades looked upon the young artist from London as an intruder, and obstinately refused to allow him to set up even the humblest workshop. All conciliatory measures having failed, the University of Glasgow interfered, made a grant in favour of young Watt of a small room in their own buildings, permitted him to establish a shop, and honoured him with the title of their mathematical instrument maker." Arago here puts the first new growth on Black's simple statement of fact. The first The "obstinate refusal" to allow Watt to set up the "humblest workshop" and £ rowtn - the "conciliatory measures" are sheer assumptions. The next public appearance of the story seems to have been when the Maitland Club, in 1850, published Deeds instituting Bursaries and other Foundations at Glasgow University. 3 Here, in connection with the "Watt Prize," is to be found a verbatim quotation from the Eloge, without comment. But the story is elaborated further in James Patrick Muirhead's Origin and Muirhead's Progress of the Mechanical Inventions of James Watt.* Writing in 1854, he says: — " Neither being the son of a Burgess (nor having as yet married the daughter of one) nor having served a regular apprenticeship to a craft, he was visited by tradesmen of more arrogant and far more unfounded preten- sions than the modest youth whom they persecuted with a sort of temporal excommunication ; and was forbidden to set up even a humble workshop, himself its solitary tenant, within the limits of the burgh." The words in brackets were added by Muirhead in dealing with the subject in his Life of James Watt (1859). 1 Edinburgh : A. & C. Black, 1839 (Edition in English). •See Muirhead's Translation (London) Murray, (Edinburgh) Blackwood & Sons, 1S39. •Page 215. ♦London : Murray, 1854, vol. i., pp. xxxii. and xxxiii ; also Life of Watt, 1S59, p. 42. 3S>C THE IIAMMKRMKN OF GLASGOW. Williamson provides the second growth. Anderson. Blackie's ffiographical Dictionary. Smiles' erroneous assumptions. Not being the son or son-in-law of a burgess, and not having served an apprenticeship, were never bars to the stranger starting business in Glasgow. Strangers from all parts of the country, and even foreigners, who might never have served any "regular apprenticeship," often settled in Glasgow, and were welcomed by the crafts. Moreover, Watt was neither " persecuted " nor " prose- cuted " by any of the tradesmen of his time, and none of them ever had the power to forbid a tradesman setting up a workshop in the burgh. So far, no reference has been made to the incorporation of hammermen. It was left to George Williamson, author of Memorials of J times Wall, published in 1856, 1 to make the first specific attack. He also quotes verbatim from the E/oge, but interpolates " The Corporation of Hammermen" in brackets without giving any authority therefor after the words "Corporations of Arts and Trades." This is the second new growth on Black's story. William Anderson, in The Scottish Nation and Biographical History of the People of Scotland,'- published in 1863, contents himself with falling back on another version of Black. He says that Watt "in 1757 settled in Glasgow as a maker of mathematical instruments. Meeting with opposition from some of the corporations, on account of his supposed infringement of their privileges, the Professors of the University interfered and attached him to their establishment." There need, however, be no supposition about the infringement of privileges. If Watt ever did start a trade without taking out a burgess ticket, he was infring- ing the privileges of the burgesses. But this, in no way, reflects upon the hammermen, nor does it implicate them in any degree. Anderson further congratulates the University on having delivered a zealous and able workman from " the overbearing of the corporations," and this position is also token up by the writer of the article on Watt in Blackie & Sons' Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. He says that Watt, having the intention to settle as a mathematical instrument maker in Glasgow " was violently opposed by some corporations of the trades who viewed him as an intruder upon their privileges." The "overbearing of the trades" and the "violent opposition " here referred to are pure inventions added to Black's simple tale. The next step in the story is that taken by Smiles in his Lives of Boulton and Walt, 1865. 3 He says:— " Although there were no mathematical instrument makers in Glasgow, and it must have been a public advantage to have so skilled a mechanic 1 Watt Club: Thomas Constable, p. 157. a A. Fullerton & Co., Edinburgh. 'London: Murray, 1S65. APPENDIX TO BOOK I. 397 settled in the place, Watt was opposed by the corporation of hammermen on the ground that he was neither the son of a burgess nor had served an apprenticeship within the burgh." This statement is a combination of the Muirhead and Williamson versions, with a slight variation, in that Smiles suggests that the apprenticeship awanting should have been served "within the burgh " — another erroneous assumption. Yet, one must do Smiles justice. Of all the writers on the subject, he alone attempts to quote an authority for his statements, but all he can do is to point to a regulation in the Letter of Guildry of 1605 (Section XL), by which the burgesses could take steps to protect themselves from " loss and skaith " on account of the intrusion of strangers and " unfreemen " usurping their "liberties" — a regulation which was meant to protect all burgesses, merchants as well as craftsmen, from the inroads of strangers who might try to enjoy the privilege of trading for profit without bearing any of the burdens of the burgess. The remedy was to complain to the dean of guild and his council, who had power under this section to deal with and punish unfreemen encroaching on the rights of burgesses. It was the only remedy the merchants and craftsmen had against intruders, unless that of direct appeal to the Provost and Magistrates. It is the fact that neither of these remedies were resorted to against Watt. But Smiles amplifies the story by proceeding : — " Failing in his endeavours to open a place of business, he next tried to prevail on the corporation to allow him to make use of a small workshop wherein to make experiments ; but this also was peremptorily refused. The hammermen were doubtless acting in a very narrow spirit in thus excluding the young mechanic from the privilege of citizenship ; but such was the custom of the times — those who were within the favoured circles usually putting their shoulders together to exclude those who were without." No authority is quoted for this, the reason being that there is none to quote. The new idea that the hammermen had power to confer or withhold citizenship is too absurd to require any comment. The greatest culprits, however, in this unwarrantable attack upon the The late hammermen, are the late Duke of Argyll and Dr. William Jacks, for they display P"^.. 1 ?^ such economic bias of the Manchester School, and colour their pictures with so rhetoric, much emotional rhetoric that one wonders how the poor hammermen ever survived the shock. The former, in his work Scotland as It IV as and as It Is, 1 writes in 1887 concerning the development of the Cbyde estuary : — "Yet it is a memorable fact that when the future Inventor of the new Steam Engine, without which dredging on this gigantic scale would have been impossible, came to reside and to open a shop in Glasgow, he was 'Edinburgh: David Douglas, 18S7, pp. 236-243. 398 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. persecuted as an interloper and a poacher on the domain of the Guild of Hammermen. . . . The Hammermen declared that from the competition of such an 'unfreeman' the whole Community would 'suffer skaith.' A man on whom Nature had bestowed, in richer measure than it had ever been bestowed before, the very individual and the very special gift of mechanical genius, and whose discoveries were destined to raise Glasgow to be one of the greatest Cities of the world, was actually driven from her burghal ' precincts.' Fortunately, the University had precincts of its own which were outside the ' liberties ' of the Guilds." We can almost see the enraged hammermen in the act of driving Watt the interloper and poacher on their domain "up and aff" the High Street into the place of sanctuary. The Duke actually quotes a declaration of the hammermen which they never made. He gets his words "skaith," " unfreemen," and "liber- ties" from Smiles' foot-note, itself but a quotation from the Letter of Guildry, a document 150 years old when Watt came to Glasgow and in which the hammer- men had only an indirect interest. After this outburst there is a lull in the storm and a return to the earlier position. Lecturers In November, 18S9, Professor Barr delivered a lecture on James Watt on the an . Copy of Acts of Deacon's Court from May 8th, 16 16, to September 28th, 1732 [5, 1 r".-7, 2 v". = ff. 24 r°.-39 v .]. Title. HAMMERMEN'S SEDERUNT BOOK N" 3. [really N" 4.] 1794-1814 Description. A large folio, bound in " law calf" ; blind tooled ; title (as above) three lines gilt lettering on red basil label, the last two in ink on a paper label replacing one lost ; the back has been replaced ; remains of four tape ties. Collation. The book consists of 283 folios, all in quires (35) of 8, except the 7th, 9th, 28th and 30th (of 9, 10, 7, and 7 folios respectively). There are single folios at the beginning and end ; there were thus originally 286 folios. The following have been abstracted — 7, 9 (folio 57), 28, 7 (folio 226), and 30, 3 (folio 239). Folio 168 v". is three-fourths blank from the top; folio 283 r". is blank. Opposite page 1st: "Hammermen's New Sederunt- | Book Number Fourth." Contents. 1. Minutes of Meetings of the Incorporation of Hammermen from the 19th of September, 1794, to the 27th of April, 1814, inclusive [ff. ir".-282 v".]. 2. Seven copies of the Oath, with signatures subscribed [ff. 283 v".-286v".]. APPENDIX TO ROOK II. 411 Title. HAMMERMEN MINUTE BOOK N" 1. [really N" 5.] 1814 — 1827. Description. A large folio, bound in " law call " ; blind tooled ; title (as above) three lines gilt lettering on red basil label, the last two in ink on a paper label replacing one lost ; the back is detached ; traces of four leather ties. Collation. The book consists of 275 folios, all in quires of 10 except quires 1 (of 2), 2 (of 8), 3 (of 8), 5 (of 9), 6 (of 12), 9 (of 6), 10 (of 8), 13 (of 8), 16 (of 6), 18 (of 8), 19 (of 8), and 31 (of 2). There were originally 276 folios. The leaves of the first quire are attached to the second fly-leaf and the first folio of the second quire, of which 1 r".-2 v". are blank. The last leaf of the fifth quire is lost (folio 38). In quire 29 three leaves are blank — 5 r"., 7 r"., 10 v". In quire 30, 1 r°.-3 v". are blank, as also 5 V.-9 v". The last leaf is attached to the next folio, and the following (31, 2) is attached, as in front, to the fly-leaf. Contents. 1. Two tabulated Lists of Fees — Entry money payable by members who make essays ; Entry money payable by those who do not make essays [1, 2r". =fol. 2 r".]. 2. Minutes of the Incorporation of Hammermen from the 2nd of June, 1814, to the 28th of September, 1827, inclusive [2, 2r"-29, 4V". = ff. 4^.-258]. 3. Copy of the Charter or Seal of Cause of the Incorporation of Hammer- men, 1536 [29, 5 V.-6 v". = ff. 259 V.-260 v".]. 4. Copy of the Oath, with signatures subscribed [30, 4 r"-5 r". = ff. 268 ^'.-269 r".]. 5. Copy of the Oath, with signatures subscribed [30, 10 r u . = f . 274 r '.]. Title. HAMMERMEN MINUTE BOOK N" 5. [really N" 6.] 1827 — 1842. Description. A large folio, bound in " law calf" ; blind tooled ; title (as above) three lines gilt lettering on red basil label, the last two in ink on a paper label replacing one lost ; no ties. 4i2 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Collation. The book consists of 280 folios, all in quires of 8 except quires 1 (of 2), 30 (of 10), 31 (of 16), 33 (of 10), 34 (of 10), 35 (of 4), and 36 (of 2). The leaves of the first quire are attached to the second fly-leaf and the first leaf of the second quire. There is a similar attachment at the end of the volume. The following are blank— 1, 1 ; 2, 1 r". and 3 V .; 34, 6 v". and 7 r°. (formerly wafered together) and 8 v°. ; and from 35, 2 r". to the end. Contents. 1. Two lists of fees (as in preceding volume) [2, 1 v". = fol. 3 v".]. 2. Copy of the Charter or Seal of Cause of the Incorporation of Hammermen, 1536 [2, 2 r".-3 r". = ff. 4 r". and 5 r .]. 3. Minutes of the Incorporation of Hammermen, Glasgow, from 15th October, 1827, to 25th August, 1842, inclusive [2, 4^.-34, 8r". = ff. 6r"-272v n . 4. Six copies of the Oath, with signatures subscribed [34, 8 r".-35, 1 v". = ff. J731-.-275 v".]. Title. HAMMERMEN'S MINUTE BOOK [N° 7.1 1 84 1 to Description. A large folio, bound in 'Maw calf"; title (as above) four lines of gilt lettering on red basil label. An additional paper label formerly attached above is lost. Collation. The book consists of 292 folios, all in quires of 12 except quires 1 (of 4), 24 (of 10), and 26 (of 4). The first folio of the first quire and the last folio of the last quire, are attached to the flyleaves front and back respectively. The following are blank — 1, 1, 3 r".-4 r". (ff. 1 and 3, 4); 25, 8 r"., 10, 1 1 v".-i2 v". ; 26, 1 r".-4 v". (ff. 285, 287, and from 288 v". to the end). Contents. 1. " Laws and Regulations | of the | Incorporation of Hammermen | of Glasgow. I 1st August, 1844. I By Hammer in hand | All Arts do stand, j Glasgow: printed by John Graham, 181, Trongate. | MDCCCXLIV." [A buff- paper-covered pamphlet of 12 octavo pages.] 2. Copy of the Charter or Seal of Cause in favour of the Incorporation of Hammermen [1,2 r ".-3 r". = If. 2 r ".-3 r".]. 3. Two lists of fees (as in the two preceding volumes) [1, 4 v" = f . 4 v ".] 4. Minutes of the Incorporation of Hammermen, Glasgow, from August 26th, 1842, to November 30th, 1866 [1, 1 r ".-25, 7 v". = ff . 5 1^.-283]. APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 413 Title. HAMMERMEN'S MINUTE BOOK [N° 8.] 1866 to Description. A large folio volume, bound in " law calf"; blind tooled ; title (as above) gilt lettering on red morocco label ; canvas case with pockets (limp, marbled paper); title printed on back, Minute Book; marbled and plain paper fly- leaves attached ; green cloth hinges. Collation. The book consists of 284 folios in 28 quires of 10, except 2, 3, and 4 (of 12), and 28 (of 8). I, 1 r".-2 v"., and 28, 8 v". are blank. The first and last folios are attached. Contents. Minutes of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Glasgow from December 19th, 1866, to October 17th, 1879 [1, 3 r".-28, 8r°.]. Title. HAMMERMEN MINUTE BOOK. [N° 9.] Description. A large folio volume, bound in "law calf"; blind tooled ; title (as above) gilt lettering on red morocco label ; canvas case with pockets (limp, marbled paper); title printed on back, Minute Book; marbled and plain paper fly- leaves attached ; plum-coloured cloth hinges. Collation. This book consists of 278 folios in 28 quires of 10, except the 27th (of 8). 1, ir°.-2v"., and 28, 9 V'.-io v"., are blank. The first and last folios are attached. Contents 1. Minute Book of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Glasgow from November 28th, 1879, to October 21st, 1895 ['» 3 r °-- 2 8> 9 •"'•]• 2. " Laws and Regulations of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Glasgow. . . . Glasgow: M'Corquodale & Co., Printers. MDCCCXXXVIH." [This quarto pamphlet of 16 pp., in bluish-grey stiff" paper covers, with the above title page (repeated on the cover), and bearing also the seal of the Incorporation, is inserted in the front pocket.] 414 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Title. 7 MINUTE BOOK. 1700 — 1706. Description. A small folio, hound smooth sheepskin, limp ; sheepskin straps and ties (remains of four); title, as above, on a paper label, in eighteenth century handwriting, on outside of first hoard. Collation. The book consists of 92 folios — eleven quires of 8, and the twelfth of 4 folios — the first and last leaves being attached to the front and back boards respectively ; all are blank except the following — 1, 3 V.-5 v"., and 12, 1 v". Contents. 1. A fragmentary entry — 1. 3 V., lines 1-5 : Glasgow October last 171 1 years | The Deacons and masters convened they find in the | trades-box four charter whereof three with seals another | with the seal sliped with three parchments afterwards — I another parchment. 2. Minutes of seven meetings, at the Tron Kirk, Glasgow, of the Deacon and Masters, on the following dates — Oct. 20, 1699; March 29, 1700; Oct. 21, 1700; May 7, 1702; June 6, 1702; Dec. 29, 1704; and Oct. 20, 1706. The business dealt with being (1) the transfer of an apprentice, on his master's death, to another who should pay the widow, through the collector, ^60 scots ; (2) the authorisation of the collector " to uplift out of the toune of Glasgow ane thousand punds scots in part of the three thousand award to the tread;" (3) a case of wilful damage to a " muild " ; (4) supplying the place of a deserting apprentice; (5) breach of contract; (6) instructions to the clerk " to page the Act Book belonging to the tread and to draw out ane minute of all the acts that are of publick concerne ; " (7) the case of an unruly apprentice. 3. A fragmentary entry — 12, 1 v". [inverted]: Att the Tron Kirk of Glasgow the Eight | day of Septb r Jajc vii. [i.e., m dcc] and thirty-two years | The Deacon Masters and Body of the Hammermen | trade Conven'd After Calling of the Roll. [This is in a much later hand than the previous entries, which are all seven signed : "Thomas Orr Clerk. "J APPENDIX TO HOOK IP 4'5 Title. 20 REGISTER OF COLLECTOR'S AC TS 1691 — 1 766. Description. A small folio volume, bound in brown calf ; blind tooled panel-wise ; originally fastened with leather straps and brass clips and catches, of which the last and remains of the first are left; title (as above) in ink on a paper label on the back. Collation. The book consists of 371 folios in 48 quires of 8, except 10 (of 7); 15 (of 7); 21 (of 4); 30 (of 6); 45 (of 7); 46 (of 6); and 48 (of 6). The following leaves are lost — 10, 6 [f. 78]; 15, 6 [f. 118]; 45, 3 [f. 349] ; 46, 5-6 [ff. 359-360] ; and 48, 6-7 [ff. 376-377]. The original number of folios was 378, or (if the 21st and 30th quires were, like the rest, of 8) 3S4. The following are blank— 1, 1-2 v". ; 17, 8 v". and 18, 1 r a . ; [these (ff. 136 and 137) were formerly wafered together, as were also 34, 4 v". and 5 r°. (If. 262, 263)] ; and 47, 8, to the end. The first and last leaves are attached in lieu of fly-leaves. Contents. " The Register of | The Hammermen | in Glasgow | Containing their Collectors | Accompts of their Intromissions | with the means and Common stock I of that Incorporation By way | of Charge and Discharge | since Hallowmas 1691 years" [1, 2 r".-47, 7 v". = tf. 2 ^.-369 v .]. Title. 21 REGISTER OF COLLECTORS AC^- 1766— 1816. Description. A large folio volume, bound in " law calf" ; blind tooled ; title (as above) in ink on paper label on back. 4 i6 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Collation. The book consists of 235 folios in 31 quires of 8, except the first (of 3) and the last (of 2), each being originally of 4 ; the second and fifteenth (of 7), each being originally of 8 ; the fifth (of 6) ; and the nineteenth (of 10). The first two folios of the first quire and the last two of the last quire are attached in place of fly-leaves. The following are lost — 1, 4; 2, 1 ; 15,1; and 31, 1-2. Contents. " Register of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow for their Collectors Aceompts begun in the year 1766 and ending 1816 " [1, 2 V.-30, 8 v". = ff. 2 VV236]. [This title replaces an earlier one on the recto of 1, 3, that leaf being found inserted loose in the Book of Acts and now replaced : Register | of the I Collectors = Aceompts | Commencing in Sept' 1766 | And ending in Sepf 18 ]. Title. H. I. COLLECTORS ACCOUNTS From 1 8 1 7 To 1866. COLLECTORS ACCOUNTS. Description. A large folio volume, bound in " law calf" ; blind tooled ; title (as above), first four lines in ink on a paper label, last two lines gilt lettering on a red morocco label, under the former ; marbled paper lly-leaves ; cloth hinges. Collation. The book consists of 291 folios in 31 quires of 10, except 1 and 31 (of 2) ; 9 (of 9) ; 21 (of 12); and 30 (of 6). 1, 1 is attached to the fly-leaf; 1, 2 to next folio ; 30, 6 is attached to 31,1; 31, 2 to the following fly-leaf. The seventh folio in quire 9 is lost. The following are blank — 1, 1 ; 1, 2 v .- 2, 2 r". ; and from 30, 3 v°. to the end. Contents. 1. Collectors Accounts of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow from Sept. 26 1817 (1818 written in ink and pencil in the margin) to Sept. 21 1866. [1, 2 r".-3o, 3 r".]. 2. A list of Collectors from Sept. 26 1800 (James Machen) to Sept. 20 1895 (Andrew Maclean). [This list is contained on a small folio sheet inserted loose at the front of the volume]. APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 417 Title. COLLECTORS ACCOUNTS Description. A large folio volume, bound in " law calf"; blind tooled; title (as above), gilt lettering on red morocco label ; green cloth hinges ; marbled paper and plain paper fly-leaves ; canvas case, with limp marbled paper pockets, rather worn. Collation. This book consists of 286 folios in 24 quires of 12, except the first (of 10). The fly-leaves are attached front and back. 1, 1 r°.-2 r". and 24, 8 v ,J . to the end are blank. Contents. Collector's Accounts of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow 7 from Sept. 20, 1867, to Sept. 19, 1902 [1, 2 v".-24, 8 r°.J. Title. INDEX 1817— 1825. Description. A long half-folio volume; limp boards, marbled paper; alphabet, in twenty-four printed capitals (Q and X omitted), on marginal indents ; no fly- leaves ; " 181 7 to 1825 " on back of front board. Collation. The book consists of one quire of 24 pages. Contents. „ No. Index. [It begins fol. 1 r"., " Aird, William, 42," and ends 23 r°., " Young, James, 414." ] Title. INDEX. Description. A long half-folio volume; limp boards, marbled paper; no fly-leaves; alphabet, written in twenty-four capitals (omitting Q and X), on indented margins ; " 1826 to 1833 " on the back of front board. Collation. The book consists of one quire of 24 leaves. Contents. >»o. Index. [It begins fol. 1 1°., "Aird, Will'" 23," and ends, "Young, Adam, 440." ] 418 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Title. 8 RO LL. 1714 1804 Description. A long half-folio volume, bound in brown calf; blind tooled; with original (3) leather and brass clasps and catches; title (as above) in ink on a paper label on the back ; indented margins showing red and black capitals in the index. Collation. The book consists of 96 folios in 12 quires of 8, the first and last leaves being attached to the front and back boards respectively. The following are blank— 1, 1, 2 V.-3 r". ; 7, 7 v".-8 r". ; 11,7V., 8 v". ; 12, 1 v"., 3 V., 5 V., 6 v°.-8 v°. Contents. 1. "Glasgow I Hammermen's | Quarter Account Book," from Hallow- day, 17 13 to 1804 [begins with this title on 1, 2 r"., and ends 11, 6r°.]. 2. Index to this Boll [1 1, 6 V.-12, 6 v ".]. Title. I. H. COLLECTOR'S | BOOK. Description. A small folio volume, half-bound in "law calf " ; plum-coloured cloth sides; hinges of the same; marbled and plain paper fly-leaves; marbled edges; title (as above) gilt lettering on red morocco label on back; foliation, 1-97. Collation. The book consists of 293 folios in 26 quires of 12, except 1 (of 11), 4 (of 4), 5 (of 9), 9 (of n), 10 (of 10), 15 (of 10), and 26 (of 10). There were originally 298 folios, but there are lost — 1, 2 (between folios " 1 " and " 1 ") ; 5, 9-10-11 (between folios "53" and "53"); and 9, 10 (between folios "87" and "87"). The following are attached — 1, 1 (to the second plain fly-leaf); 13, 12 and 14, 1 ; 24, 1 1 and 12 ; 25, 8 and 9 ; and 26, 10 (to the first plain fly-leaf). The following are blank — 1, 1 r". ; 22, 12 v". ; 23, 1 r". ; and from 26, 6 v"., to the end. Contents. Collectors' Book of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow from Sept. 20, 1844, to Sept. 18, 18S0 [1, 1V.-26, 6r'. = ff 1 v".-294 r".]. APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 419 Title. 24 RECEIPT BOOK, 1824—1855. Description. A small folio volume, half-bound green morocco ; green stamped cloth sides. A comparison of the water-marks in the fly-leaves with those in the body of the book shows that it was re-bound about twenty years after, pro- bably in 1840. Collation. The book consists of 87 folios in 10 quires of 8 and 10 (2, 4, 5 of S, and 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 of 10). From the last verso of quire 7 to the end is blank, excepting for entries, in pencil, on 8, iv". and 2 r°. — "Indentures, 1854, 1855." The 10th quire consists of three leaves, the fourth being lost. Attached by wafers to the front fly-leaves, and through the body of the book, are numerous notes requesting delivery of indentures and receipts for tin- same. Several others inserted loose. Contents. Receipt Book for indentures | begins on verso of last front fly-leaf and ends 8, 2 r°. (see above) ]. Title. 12 POORS' ROLL, 1765— 1812. Description. A small folio volume, bound in "law calf": blind tooled ; title (as above) in ink on paper label lengthwise on the back ; remains of four leather ties. Collation. The book consists of 98 folios in quires of 8, except the 1st and 13th (of 4) and the 12th (of 10). The following are blank — 1, 1 r".-2 v"., 3 V. (If. 1 r"., 2 v"., 3 v".) ; 4, 2 v°.-3 r". (ff. 2 1 v "., 22 r".) ; and from 4, 7 v". to the end (ft'. 75- 98). The first two leaves of the first quire and the last two of the last (13th) quire are attached. Contents. 1. The Monthly and Quarterly Poors' Roll of the Incorporation of Hammermen, Glasgow, from Nov. 1, 1765, to Oct. 22, 1812 [1, 31^.-4,7 r°. = ff. 3 r".-25 r".]. The title on fol. 31-". is— " Register | of the [ Poors'- Roll I belonging to the | Incorporation of Hamennen | in Glasgow | Commencing 30th October, 1765 I ,, And Ending 18 I 2. "Hammermen's Monthly and Quarterly Roll, 1775." [This Roll is on a smaller folio sheet pinned together, and is inserted between folios S and 9, 420 THE HAMMKRMRN OF GLASGOW. Title. REGISTER OF MONTHLY AND QUARTERLY ROLLS of the poor persons supported by the Deacons and Masters of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow. Description. A large folio volume, half-hound in "law calf," with cloth sides; title lost ; hack almost gone ; front hoard loose ; four fly-leaves at front and hack, their first two and last two folios respectively attached. Collation. The hook consists of 90 folios in quires of 8, except the nth and last (of 10). The front fly-leaves have had numerous papers wafered on them, of which some still remain — see Contents helow — as also the hack fly-leaves, from which they have heen all removed. Ff. 1 r". and 90 v". are blank. Contents. 1. Poors' Rolls of the Incorporation of Hammermen Glasgow from Oct. 27, 1829, to Oct. 24, 1870 [1, ir".-n, 10 r". = ff . 1 r°.-oo r°.]. 2. Precept Rolls (for 1850 and from 1856-7 to 1865-6) wafered on the front fly-leaves. Title. 9 ROLL BOOK 1805— 1833. Description. A large folio volume, bound in "law calf"; blind tooled panelwise ; title (as above) in ink on paper label lengthwise on back ; four leather ties intact ; front board loose — on the inside of it is a red morocco label gilt- lettered : Hammermen | Roll Book | August 30th 1805. Collation. The book consists of 92 folios in 13 quires of 8, except the first and last (of 2) — their first and last leaves being attached — the third (of 10), and the twelfth (of 6). The following are blank — 1, 1 r' J .-2 r". (ft". 1 r°.-2 r°.) ; 3, 2 r'.-3 r". (ft". 15 r".-i6 r".); from 6, 8 r". — 12, 1 1". (ff. 44 V.-85 v°.) ; and also 13, 1 v°.-2 v°. (ff. 89 v°.-92 v".). Folios 86-89 are marginally indented to show the alphabetical arrangement of the Index. Contents. 1. Roll of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow from 30th August 1805 to August 25, 1826. [1, 2 v u .-6, 8 r". =ff. 2 v°.-44 r°. Entries of annual payment are made against the names in the Lammas Roll of 1826 up to and including 1833.] APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 421 2. Alphabetical Index to this Roll. [12, 1 v". -13, 1 r".= ff. 85 W89 v". The capitals on the indented margins are alternately black and red.] 3. A small folio leaf, inserted loose, containing apparently a portion of a Roll beginning: 347 John Lock hart ; and ending: 405 Alex'. Lindsay. Title. 13 COPY OF QUALIFIED ROLL 1834— 1854. Description. A small folio, quarter-bound in red morocco, with marbled paper sides ; title (as above) in ink on paper label lengthwise on the back. Collation. The book consists of 99 folios in 10 quires of 12 ; except the first and last (of 4) (unruled), the first two and the last two folios respectively being attached ; the fourth (of 10) ; and the ninth (of 9), its first folio being lost (originally of 10). The first quire is blank, and also 9, 9 r". to the end. Contents. Copy of the Qualified Roll of the Incorporation of Hammermen from Lammas 1S34 to Lammas 1870. Title. 17 BOOK OF ACTS 1618— 1773 Description. A small folio, bound in "law calf"; title (as above) in ink on paper label ; four leather ties intact. Collation. The book consists of 190 folios in 16 quires of 12, except the first (of 8), the fourth, tenth, and twelfth (of 14), and the ninth and eleventh (of 10). The first two folios of the first quire and the last two of the sixteenth are attached. The following are blank — 1, 1 r".-3 v°. (ff. 1 r'.-} v.), and from 4, 4 v". to the end (ff. 34 V.-190 v".). 1, 4 r".-4, 4 r". are paged (pp. 1-63). 422 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Contents. i. Summary Extract of Minutes anent Collection of the Acts of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Glasgow comprising meetings from Nov. 27, 1 772, to July 1, 1773. [i, 4, fol. 4]. 2. Selected Acts of the Incorporation of Hammermen from Dec. 23, IMS, to March 8, 1773. [Pp. 1-63J. 5. One small folio leaf (torn and fragmentary) written on both sides and having this heading: Robert Hood's Collectors Accounts from [?]. [This loose leaf is inserted along with the preceding.] Title. 15 ESSAY BOOK 1810 — 1827 Description. A small folio, quarter-bound, brown calf, marbled paper sides, with first and last fly-leaves attached, containing on each page two printed forms, with blanks for details to be filled in in writing. Collation. The book consists of 140 folios in quires of 12, except 1, of 7 (8); 2, of 3 (4) ; and 14,0!' 10. The first two quires are defective, as shown below, X denoting presence of water-mark, and -- indicating missing folio. 1st. 2nd. 3rd. From the verso of the last folio in quire 7 the book is blank. Contents. Essay Book of the Incorporation of Hammermen Glasgow from August 30, 1810, to June 8, 1827. (1, 1 r°.-7, 12 r°.= ff. 1-70). [There is evidently a gap between the first and second quires, the last date on the former being March 6, 1811, and the first on the next (now) fol- lowing page being Nov. 26, 181 2.] APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 423 Title. ESSAY BOOK 1827 N" 16 1827 — 1847 Description. A large folio volume, half-bound in "law calf"; blind tooled; with marbled paper sides ; fly-leaves, plain and marbled paper ; title (first three lines as above^, gilt lettering on red morocco label, the last two in ink on a paper label. Collation. The book consists of 192 folios in 23 quires of 8, except the first five (of 10) and the last one (of 6). Each page contains two printed forms to be filled in in writing. From the 98th folio (1 1, 8 r".) the leaves are not filled in. Contents. 1. Essay Book of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow from Feb. 9, 1827, to Aug. 27, 1847 [') ' i'"--i') 7 v".= ff" 1-97]. 2. Sundry memoranda as to the proposed entry into the Incorporation of Hammermen from May 18, 1832, to June 21, 1841 [ii. 3 1"., 2 v "., and 3 v°.=front fly-leaves]. Title. IS LETTER OF GUILDRY, &c 3 1645. ACTS, &c.j 1 616 — 1732. Description. A small folio, bound in brown calf; blind tooled panelwise ; title (as above) in ink on a paper label on the front board. Collation. The book consists of 75 folios, all in quires of 6 except quires 8, 11, and 13 (all of 5). There were originally 78 folios, the first and last being attached to the front and back boards respectively. Three folios are missing — 8, 1 (f. 43) ; 11, 5 (f. 65); and 13, 5 (f. 77). The following arc blank — 1, 1 r".-6 v". (fT. 1-6); 2, 1 v".-2 v". (tf. 7v".-Sv".); 4, 5 v".-6 v". (if. 22 V.-23 v".); 7, 3 v". to the end (ft". 39 V.-78). There is a partial pagination (pp. 1-29) in 2, 3 r "--4. 5 r "• 424 THE HAMMERMEN OE GLASGOW. Contents. i. A fragmentary entry or title — " Double | of the Extract of the Letter | of Gildrie for the Craft | of Hammermen within the | burge of Glasgow their use Adam Nicol | Armorer being Deacon for the tyme | 8 May 1645." 2. Extract minutes of "Commissioners for Merchants and Crafts and Submission for both Insert and regw/rat in the burrow Court-bookes " [dated February 9, 1605 — pp. 1-5]. 3. Copy of the Letter of Guildry [pp. 5-27]. 4. Further extract minutes referring to the same matter [February 9 and 16, 1605 — pp. 27-29]. Title. 19 DECREET the first four trades of the Convenery Glasgow against the last ten trades T.C.S.-1777 G. M. Description. A large folio, bound in "law calf"; blind tooled; title (as above), the number "19" in ink on a paper label, the gilt lettering in ten lines on two red basil labels ; margins marked by folding. Collation. The book consists of 380 folios in quires of 6, except quires 1 and 64, " which have 3 and 5 folios respectively. 1, 1 is attached (like 64, 6) to the board ; 1, 2-3 are loose ; 1, 4-6 are lost, as is also 64, 5. The third and fourth leaves of the second quire represent two odd half-sheets fastened together, as is shown by the water-marks being on both. Blanks are — 1, 1-3, and 63, 6 r".-64, 6 r". — i.e., folios 1-3 and 378 r". to the end. Pagination extends from 2, 1 v". to 63, 5 v".= pp. 2-742. Each page is signed : Alex: Tait. Contents. "Decreet of Reduction Declarator | and for Expences | The Incorporations of Hammermen, | Tailors, Cordiners and Maltmen of Glasgow | Against | The Incorporations of Weavers, Baxters, Skinners, Wrights, Coopers, Fleshers, Ma- I sons, Gardiners, Barbers and Bon- | netmakers of Glasgow. | T. C. S. 1 777 I G: Mair's." APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 425 Title. 23 LEGER 1735— 1753 Description. A small quarto, quarter-bound, calf, limp boards; title (as above) in ink on a paper label, on tbe front board. Collation. Tbe book consists of 48 folios all in quires of 8, the first and last folios being attached respectively to the front and back boards. The following are blank— 1, 1 and 5, 4 v".-6, 8 v°. [ff. 36 v°. to the end]. Contents. Leger [Ledger] of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow from 1735 t0 J 748 [1, 2 v".-5, 4 r".= ff. 2 V.-36 r".]. Title. [BOOK OF WARRANTS.] Description. A long quarto volume, bound in sheepskin ; blind tooled ; no title ; six leather ties (three replaced on front board and one on the back) ; red spattered edges. [This volume is preserved in the Deacon's Box.] Collation. This book consists of 96 folios in 24 quires of 4, the first and last folios being attached in lieu of fly-leaves. The following are blank leaves — 1, i and 2, and from 10, 4 to the end. Contents. Book of warrants to the Collector, issued by the Deacon and Masters of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow, ordaining him to make specified payments, from Oct. 1, 1713, to Sept. 16, 1762 [1, 3 r".-io, 3 v".]. Title. FULL BOOK'D JOURNEYMENS BOOK Description. A duodecimo volume, bound in limp vellum ; title (as above, on the second recto) ; remains of four leather ties. [This volume is preserved in the Deacon's Box.] 28 426 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Collation. The book consists of 92 folios in 12 quires, all of 8, except the last two (of 6), the first and last leaves 1 >t-ii 1 n - attached in lien of fly-leaves The following are blank — 1, 1 r".-2 v". and 1 2, 6 V°. Contents. "Full Book'd I Journeymens | Book | Glasgow 28th August | 1772 | Matthew Gilmour | Clerk | Commencing from 27th August | 1627 " (from Aug. 24, 1627 to Aug. 26, 1796). [1, 31-".- 12, 5 v". = folios 3r".-9i v".J The first entry, in a formal, clerkly hand, reads — " xxiiij of august 1627 | The qlk day James m c pbee is buik | it herein servand to Edward Kennedy | and hes payit xx s to ye craft therfoir." Title. INDENTURE | BOOK 1829 — 1849 Description. A folio volume, half-bound in "law calf" ; blind tooled ; title (as above) in ink on a paper label on the back ; marbled paper sides ; green cloth hinges ; marbled and plain paper fly-leaves ; marbled edges. Collation. The book consists of 278 folios in 30 quires (of 8 and 10) — 1, 2, 5, 9, 14, 17, 19, 26, 28, 29, and 30, of 8, the rest of 10 — the first and last leaves being attached. The following are blank — 1, 1 r". and from 7, 9 v". to the end, with the exception of 21, 2 v". and 3 1". Contents. Indenture Book of the Incorporation of Hammermen in Glasgow from July 18, 1829, to June 29, 1849 [ l > l v "--7> 9 r "-]- Title. INCORPORATION OF HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW LIST OF MEMBERS From the year 6th Nov r 1616 to 20th Nov r 1773, and From the year 25th Aug 1 1775 to 31st December, 191 1. Volumes I. and III. Note. — Volume II. amissing. APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 427 Description. A small folio volume, half-bound (to judge by the water-marks, about 1876-7, to replace the original binding of 1631) in purple morocco; blind tooled ; green repp cloth (stamped to imitate watered silk) sides ; title (as above) in ink on a paper label on the first board ; marbled and plain paper fly-leaves ; purple cloth (stamped like that of the sides) hinges ; index alphabetically indented, with printed capitals pasted on the margins ; when re-bound, the index was interleaved (see diagrams below), and several leaves were mounted on linen guards. Collation. This book consists of 186 folios in 14 quires of 12, except 1 (of 4), 2 (of 14), 3 (of 28), 4 (of 14), 5 (of 19), 7 (of 14), 8 (of 10), and 14 (of 11). The number of folios was originally 144, when the first five quires had respectively 4, 8, 16, 8, and 8 folios. In the first quire the third leaf is a replacement. The arrangement in the next four quires is shown below, the additions being shown by dotted lines; 5, 17 and 14, 11 are lost. Besides many blanks in the index, folios 9, 4 r°. to the end are blank. 2, 14(8). 3, 28(16). 4, 14 (8). 5. "9 (8). Contents. 1. Alphabetical Index. [1, 2 r".-5, 15 r .] 2. List of Members of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Glasgow. [5> i9 r "--9>3 v °-] 428 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. II. NOTARIAL COPY OF EXTRACT ACT OF COUNCIL RATIFYING AND CONFIRMING CERTAIN ACTS OF THE INCORPORATION. From ist Dec, 1624, to ist April, 1796. At Glasgow the twenty first day of April one thousand seven hundred and ninety six years. The Lord Provost Magistrates and Council of Glasgow being in Council Assembled Having resumed consideration of a Petition of the Incorporation of Hammermen which was presented to the Council upon the 11th day of August last, and having heard a verbal Report of the Committee of Council who were appointed to consider the said Petition approving thereof The Lord Provost Magistrates and Council now convened do hereby Ratify and Confirm the Acts of the said Incorporation herein after mentioned vizt. An Act dated the first day of December Sixteen hundred and twenty four whereby it is enacted That there shall be a Collector to intromitt with the Common Goods of the Craft and shall disburse nothing without a Warrant of the Deacon and Masters subscribed by their Deacon and that the Deacon intromitt with nothing under the pain of perjury and tinsel of his office and never to bear office thereafter ; An Act dated the fourteenth of November sixteen hundred and thirty four Enacting that the Members of the Trade who have received charity from the funds of the Incorporation and have not repaid the same shall have no Vote in the Election of the Deacons or other office Bearers nor bear office ; An Act dated the nineteenth of February seventeen hundred and sixty one Enacting That it shall not be lawful for any person of the Trade for himself or others in his name or by his order or for his behoof to hire agree with or receive into his Service any journeyman or Servant working with or Serving, or immediately before Serving any other Freeman of the Incorporation before he first Enquire at the Freeman with whom the Journeyman is or was employed, if the Servant is fee'd with him for any longer time, or the Master has any objections against the Servant leaving his Service, and if any Freeman do otherwise he shall forfeit a fine of two Pounds Sterling for the use of the poor of the Trade, and action shall be carried on for the same at the instance of the Deacon and Collector of the Trade for the behooff of the poor thereof and for Costs of Suit As also Enacting that every Freeman of the Trade when he fees or agrees with any Journeyman or Servant shall make it a Condition of such Agreement that if the Journey- man or Servant shall work with him six weeks, that he must give him fourteen APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 429 days notice before he leave his Service and if he works twelve weeks the Servant must give him a months notice before he leave his Service and if the Servant shall work above twelve weeks that he must give six weeks notice before he leaves his Masters Service, and in case any Master or Freeman shall agree with or receive into his Service any Journeyman or Servant, and omit or neglect to make the above Conditions an express Article of the Agreement with his Journeyman or Servant on recieveing him into his Service, such Master or Freeman shall forfeit a fine of two pounds Sterling for the use of the poor of the trade, and shall be liable to be pursued therefore and for costs of Suit as above mentioned the Con- ditions above mentioned to be binding upon Parties. Hut this Act is Ratified and Confirmed under the explanation made by another Act of the Incorporation, dated the first day of April seventeen hundred and ninety six, that in all time coming the Masters shall be obliged to give their journeymen the same Warning before turning them off that the journeymen are obliged to give their Masters ; An Act dated the nineteenth of February seventeen hundred and sixty one Enacting That in all time coming every freeman of the trade, who is called or Elected to the office of Deacon, or of Master or of Collector, shall be obliged within ten days of his nomination or election to accept of his office, and in case of refuseal after being Warned by the officer of the trade for that effect, the recusant Deacon elected shall forfeit Ten pounds Sterling, the recusant Collector elected shall forfeit Six pounds Sterling, and the recusant Master named or elected shall forfeit two pounds ten shillings Sterling all for the use of the Poor of the Trade and Action shall be carried on for the same at the instance of the Deacon and Collector for the use of the Poor of the Trade, and for Costs of Suit, and the recusants office shall be supplied with all convenient speed, as if no such nomination or Election had happened, but it is hereby Declared that in case any person elected Deacon has formerly served two years in that office, or any person named or elected a Master, has served five years in that office, and any person elected a Collector has served two years in that Office, such persons shall be free from the respective fines above mentioned, and it shall be in their option to refuse or accept such offices as they shall think fitt ; An Act dated the twenty sixth of August Seventeen hundred and sixty three Enacting That no person who is, or who shall be bound Apprentice to any Freeman of this Trade, who lives without the Burgh and liberties shall be booked an Apprentice for freedom and such Apprentice shall not be admitted Freeman of the Trade but as a Stranger, But this Act is Ratified and Confirmed under the Exception and Restriction made in another Act of the Incorporation dated the first of April Seventeen hundred and ninety six, that such Apprentices [as] are bound to freemen residing in the suburbs or within a mile of Glasgow, who pay the whole Burdens of the Incorporation in the same way as residing Freemen, and book and pay for their Apprentices and Journeymen in the same way as Town Freemen do, shall be entitled to be booked as Apprentices for freedom ; 43Q THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. An Act dated the eighth of March Seventeen hundred and seventy three Enacting That in time coming whatever Servant shall be found jobbing or working in a Clandestine manner with an intent to deprive his Master of the profit ariseing from such work, such Servant shall be prosecuted at the instance of the Deacon and Collector of the Incorporation for the time being, with the utmost rigour of Law, the expence whereof to be defrayed out of the funds of the Trade, Hut as groundless Complaints in this, as well as in other matters, may be made to the Deacon whereby the funds of the Incorporation may be expended to no good purpose, the Trade have Resolved that whatever Complaints are made of the above practices, and the Complainers fail in adduceing proof!' of their Allegations, in that ease the expense of such prosecution shall be paid by the Complainer, The Meeting empower the Deacon to send his Officer to the shops of the Freemen To intimate to their Servants this Resolution of the trade and their intention of carrying it into execution, that none of the Servants may plead ignorance ; An Act dated the nineteenth of November seventeen hundred and seventy three, Enacting that in all time coming the Deacon and Masters of the Incorporation shall not lend in one sum or to one person or Company above one hundred and fifty pounds Sterling money, Secondly That in case the money shall be lent to a Member of the Trade, one of his Cautioners must be a person who is not a member of the Trade, Thirdly That in case any of the Trades money shall be lent to a person or Company not Members of the Trade, their Securities must also be persons who are not Members of the Trade, Fourthly That any person who stands bound either as principal or Cautioner in any Bond or Bonds to the Trade for one hundred and fifty pounds shall not be received as such for any further sum, Fifthly That the Trades Bonds which at present exceed the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds Sterling shall at the expiry of eighteen months from this date, be reduced to the said sum, But in case betwixt and that time it be found necessary to call up or renew the same through the decease or failure of the principal or any or one or both of the Cautioners, it is always understood in that event that the Debtors are to be nevertheless allowed to retain the full sum or sums during the said eighteen months, upon new Security approven by the Deacon and Masters ; An Act dated the thirteenth day of August seventeen hundred and seventy six Enacting that no freeman shall take an Apprentice on trial longer than six Weeks before he be Indented, and if any Freeman shall enter into Indentures and the commencement thereof [be] declared to begin more than six weeks prior to the date of the said Indenture or Indentures such Freeman or Freemen shall In amerciated and fined in the sum of one pound Sterling for each transgression toties quoties over and above the dues formerly paid to the Incorporation, for the use of the poor of the Trade, and further, the Apprentices shall not be entitled to the Freedom of the Trade without Serving the full time, conform to the former Acts of the Trade ; APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 431 An Act dated the twenty eighth of November Seventeen hundred and seventy seven Enacting That the minimum or smallest sum to be paid to the Clerk for writing two Copies of an Indenture, betwixt any Member of the Trade and his Apprentice over and besides paying the price of the stamped paper, shall be seven shillings Sterling and for writing one copy of an Indenture over and above the price of the stamped paper shall be five shillings and six pence said money ; An Act dated the twenty sixth of November seventeen hundred and seventy nine, Enacting That in time coming it shall be Leisome and lawfull to any practiseing Freeman of the Trade who has made an Essay, to take one or more Prentices during the currency of the first two years immediately after his being admitted a freeman of the Incorporation without being obliged to pay therefore any fine or acknowledgment to the poor, any Acts or practice of the Incorporation to the contrary notwithstanding, all which are hereby Rescinded and annulled ; An Act dated the twenty ninth of May seventeen hundred and eighty three, Enacting That in time coming the Booking money of all Indentures whereby Apprentices are bound to any of the Members of the Incorporation for their Freedom with the Trade, shall be paid in to the Clerk of the Incorporation at the time of signing the apprentices Indenture and the Clerk is hereby Authorized and em powered to uplift and receive the same, and the Master of the Apprentice shall be obliged in time coming before the Indenture be booked, to deliver in and produce the same to the Deacon and Masters at their Meeting held the night prior to the first Lammass Court, after the Indentures are subscribed, that the Deacon and Masters may see the same and consider how far the branch or branches such Apprentice is bound to, will entitle him to be booked for his freedom with the trade, by the Laws and Regulations thereof, and if the Apprentice shall be found not entitled to be booked, the booking money is to be returned back to him by the Clerk ; An Act dated the twenty sixth of November seventeen hundred and ninety, Enacting That every person who shall enter as a Freeman or Member of This Incorporation in time coming shall not be intitled nor shall he have power or liberty to Vote or be voted upon at any Election of Deacon or for any of the office Bearers of this Incorporation of what ever description, until] year and day expires after he is duly admitted and qualified a Freeman thereof, or if the person Entering does not take out or make an Essay, then and in that case the entrant shall not be entitled to Vote for any of the office bearers of the Incorporation, until year and day after he pays his freedom fine, and this is to be observed a Standing Law in the Incorporation in all time coming ; An Act dated the second of July Seventeen hundred and ninety five, Enacting primo, That in all time coming the Collector and Masters shall be elected on the next friday after the election of the Deacon Secundo That the new Deacon shall previous to the Election of the new Collector and Masters, conveen the late Deacon Collector and Masters for the time, in order to prepare the Leets for Electing a new Collector and the Deacon having named the Members he hath made choice of for 432 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. his six new Masters, then to lay before the Meeting the Leets from which the Trades six new Musters are to be chosen the day of election ; Tertio The Collector shall be elected from a Leet of three, one to be named by the new Deacon, another to be named by the outgoing Collector and a third to be named by the Masters present in name of the Incorporation ; Quarto It is always to be understood as a standing Rule in electing all office Rearers of the Incorporation, that their names must lie upon the qualified Roll made up at Lammass Court preceding the Election, and that they shall also be designed Hammermen, or some branch of the Craft in their Burgess tickets, and residing within the Royalty of the City ; Quinto The Deacon shall then cause the Clerk to read to the meeting, the I. eels, out of which the Trades Masters are to be chosen, which are to be previously made up in a fair and impartial manner, by Classing the whole Members on the Roll Qualified as aforesaid in six Leets, as nearly equal in number as possible, always putting the name or names of one or more of the old Masters at the head of each Leet ; Sexto The Incorporation reserving to them- selves the power always at the time of their Meeting for electing the Collector and the Trades Masters, of approving or altering the Candidate named for Collector by the old Masters, and also of approving of or altering the Leets made up by the Deacon and Masters, for the new Masters, as the Majority of the Meeting may think proper ; Septimo On the day of election after the Leet from which the Collector is to be chosen, is settled and approved of, the qualified Roll is to be called over and the Votes carefully marked by the Clerk, when the Candidate who has the majority, is to be declared duly elected Collector, and being sworn into his office, the old Collector is to give over to him the Accompts and ballance of the Stock and Funds of the Incorporation after they have been examined and approved of by the Meeting ; Octavo Then the Deacon shall mention the six Members duly qualified whom he names as his Masters and the Leets for the Trades Masters are to be read over, and when approven of or altered by the majority of Votes, the qualified Roll is to be distinctly called over for each Leet, and the votes to be marked by the Clerk, (the Members in each Leet having previous to the Voting withdrawn, and voting on coming into Court again) when the Member who has the majority of Votes is to be declared duly elected a Trades Master, and if present swore into office ; Nono In all cases when the votes are equal, the Deacon shall have the Casting Vote ; And Lastly An Act of the said Incorporation dated the first day of April current Seventeen hundred and ninety six, whereby the Acts of the nineteenth of February Seventeen hundred and sixty one and of the twenty sixth of August Seventeen hundred and sixty three, herein before narratted, are explained and restricted, And the Lord Provost Magistrates and Town Council, authorize the said Incorporation and the office Bearers thereof, to carry into Execution and Effect, the foresaid Acts and institutions of their trade, from and after the date hereof. Extracted from the Records of the Town Council of Glasgow upon this and the twenty two preceding pages By (Signed) JOHN ORR. APPENDIX TO BOOK II. 433 III. THE ESSAY IN PRACTICE— ROBERT NAPIER'S EXPERIENCE. EXCERPT FROM LIFE OF ROBERT NAPIER, BY JAMES NAPIER, M.A., F.R.S.E., p. 12 (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1904). "We find ' Robert Napier' in Glasgow in 18 14. " With a view to further advancement he endeavoured to join the Incorpora- tion of Hammermen, giving in as his ' essay ' a screw bolt and nut ; but being unable for some reason to produce a burgess ticket, he was evidently not admitted. " His grandfather and father had been members of the Incorporation of Hammermen, and his uncle had attained to the dignity of Deacon of the Society, so he again made an effort to join this body, and having overcome the difficulty of his burgess ticket, he was admitted. The entry in the register of the Hammer- men reads thus: — '25th August, 1815, Robert Napier, Smith in Glasgow, a Freeman's son, made and gave in a Bored Hammer as his Essay, and showed his burgess ticket, which is dated 21st August 1815.' This hammer passed out of his possession for many years ; but he recovered it, and in his old age wrote the following account of its history : — "'This "Essay" Hammer was made by Robt. Napier in 18 15, in presence of Two of the Master Court of the Corporation of Hammermen, Glasgow, being forged out of a piece of square bar of Iron and Steeled on both ends or faces of the Hammer at only Three ! successive heats in the fire. At this period every Blacksmith, before being admittted into the Corporation of Hammermen, was bound to prove that he was a good Tradesman.' " It may be added that he was very proud of this ' essay ' hammer, and in 1868, at a gathering of several thousands of his employees, he displayed it as a proof of his early skill." 29 Ind e x Ind e x Aberdeen, crafts in, 5; composite associations, 5. hammermen of, 6. markets and fairs in, 76. Accounts of Glasgow hammerman craft, 41, 94, 95, 100, 166, 188, 189, 208, 311. African trade, 97. Agreements between Glasgow crafts and sub- urban crafts, 63, 63; equivalent to Seals of Cause, 66. Glasgow and Gorbals weavers, 63, 61. Glasgow and Gorbals hammermen, 63, 65, 66, 133, 133, 134, 241 ; contraventions of, 66, 67, 68. — ■ among Glasgow crafts to maintain Alms- house, 90, 91 Albert, Queen Victoria and Prince, 346. Alexander, charter of King, 159. Altar of S. Eloi. See Eloi. Almshouse (or Hospital) for the poor of Glas- gow generally : craft contributions to, 88, 89, 92, 93 n., 242, 245; effect of the Poor Law on, 93. for poor craftsmen in Glasgow : main- tained by the crafts, 88, 90, 91 ; part of craft fines payable to the, 54 n. ; hammerman craft's contributions to, 90, 91. Anderson's College, 139. Apprentices ranked as unfreemen, 3, 61. of Glasgow hammerman craft : booking of, S3, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 118, 138, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174, 177, 178, 179, 343; booking fee for, 7, 33, 34, 35, 36; under craft protection, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 ; duties of, 36; term of service, 33; residence with master, 23; questions of discipline between masters and, 27, 49, 50 ; transferred by craft in event of master's death, 27, 51 ; restriction as to numbers of, 37, 28, 29 ; not to work for themselves, 27, 48, 53; steps to craft member- ship, 23, 24; entering as freemen, 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 33, 35 n., 30; poor boys as, 26, 29. Apprentice system, the, 22 ; effect of admission of pendicle members on, 21 ; end of, 30. Archbishop of Glasgow : superior of the burgh, 6, 158 ; grants Seal of Cause to hammermen, 7, 8; letter from James VI. to, 39. Ardrossan Canal : shares in, held by Glasgow hammerman craft, 193; converted into a railway line, 215. Argyll Street, 186. Argyllshire, Glasgow hammerman apprentices drawn from, 22. Armourers : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 50, 195; question of demar- cation with, 56. Arms : deacons of Glasgow crafts provide, 39 ; seized by the English, 39 ; money payments substituted for, 39. : Glasgow burgesses provided with, 80, 81, 83, 83; hammermen unable to cope with demand for, 82 ; imported from Holland, 83. Assistants of the crafts in Glasgow, 1 17. Associations of craftsmen: at first voluntary, 2; legal recognition of, 3, 4 ; composite, 5 ; Glasgow hammerman as voluntary associa- tion, 6, 36. Asylum, Lunatic, in Glasgow, 196, 325. Ayrshire, Glasgow hammerman apprentices drawn from, 22. Bailie, Trades', of Glasgow : tx-offieio member of deacon convener's council, 109, 167 ; if a hammerman, ex-offirio member of master court, 44 ; interponing authority at craft meetings, 58, 53, 51. Water : if a craftsman, ex-officio member of deacon convener's council, 109. Bakers (Baxters) : a simple craft, 55. of Glasgow, 73 ; their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109 n., 167. 43» THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Banks in Glasgow, 95, 213. Bannockbum, smiths of, pay brodpcnnie to Glasgow hammerman craft, 138-9. Barbers of Glasgow : their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109 n., 167. See sun/eons. Battalions for American and French Wars, Glasgow trades help to raise, 128 n., 129, 200, 220. for defence of Glasgow and suburbs, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228. Beltmakers : members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 12; question of demarcation with, 5li. Bengal famine fund, 248. Blacksmiths : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 7, 10, 12, 19.5; a question of demarca- tion with. 56. Blind, proposed asylum for the, in Glasgow, 194. Boatwright, a, admitted a burgess of Glasgow, 137 n. Bonnetmakers of Glasgow : their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109, 167. Bookbinders, members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 12. Booking of apprentices by Glasgow hammer- man craft, see apprentices ; penalty for delay in, 26, 38. of servants by Glasgow hammerman craft. See servants. Booths in Glasgow: craftsmen's, 23, 71; ham- mermen's, 74; merchants', 72, 75-6. Boxmasters (or goldies) of the Glasgow hammer- man craft, 37, 40, 42, 43, 46, 95, 125, 210. of the Glasgow convenery, 39. Brassfounders (orbrassmiths) : members of Glas- gow hammerman craft, 11, 12, 20; question of demarcation with, 55. British Government, contribution in aid of, 223. Brodpennie, a source of Glasgow hammerman craft income, 69, 74, 75, 95, 138-9, 190. Brotherhood, spirit of, between masters and servants, 35. Buchanan Institution, subscription to, 247. Bucklemakers, a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 7. Burgesses : various classes of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 18, 58, 73 ; duties of, 78 ; exclusive privileges of, see excluswe privileges. Burgesses of Glasgow, 6, 10, 18, 23, 24, 136, 137, 147 ; duties of, 79-81, 145 ; their relation to the guildry, sec i/uildry. Burgess ticket, 9, 20, 192, 205. Burghs, Royal, magistrates as crown delegates, 1 , 8, 36-7. of Regality, magistrates as delegates of the Archbishop, 6, 8. : municipal affairs in, controlled by the guilds, 2; trading privileges within, 61; com- mercial intercourse between, 70, 76 ; right of markets and fairs in, 70, 71. Burgh Reform, 107, 111, 131, 116, 181, 196, 228-232; House of Commons' Commissioners' questions answered, 240-245. Burials of craftsmen : convoys at, 99 ; penalty for absence from, 85. Buteshire, Glasgow hammerman apprentices drawn from, ii. Calderside, estate of, 98. Camlachie Burn, 158. Cart treads, regulations of Glasgow Town Council regarding, 141. Cathedral, Glasgow : the earliest home of the hammermen, 151 ; defended by hammermen, 154; trades' gallery in, 155; gift of hammer- men to, 206, 207, 246, 247. St. Giles', Edinburgh, 152. Catholics : opposition to repeal of penal laws against, 221 ; admission of Catholic peers to the House of Lords opposed, 234. Charters in favour of Scottish crafts, 5-6, 37 ; in favour of Glasgow, 71 ; in favour of Glasgow hammerman craft, 6, 7, 8, 24, 28, 31, 34, 36, 37, 43, 47. of Erection. See Stale of Cause. Cholera fund, contribution to, 239. Church, the : crafts, fosterlings of, 151. and crafts before and after the Reforma- tion, 154. City of Glasgow Bank failure, 213. Civil War, day watches in Glasgow during the, 81, 82. Classing of craftsmen, 52, 53, 86. Cleavage between master and servant, 29. Clerks of Glasgow hammerman craft, 41, 45, 193, 209, 216; their fees and dues, 13 n., 16, 26, 29, 41, 42, 194, 197, 201, 203; admitted as freemen, 12, 209. INDEX. 439 Clockmakers : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 11, 12, 14, 58, 77, 161, 191, 195. Coach and harness makers, a branch of the hammerman trade, 191. Close corporations, abuses of, 142-3. Collectors of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 37, 40, 42, 46, 85, 86, 87, 166, 172, 175, 196, 201, 203 ; term of office, 40 ; their control of funds limited, 40, 41 ; specimen minute of election, 46 ; account book, 33. of the town's taxes, 80. of the deacon convener's council, 167. College, Glasgow, new buildings at, 128. Commercialism, era of, 30. Commissioners, to settle differences between Glasgow craftsmen and merchants, 102. Commons, House of. Commission re Burgh Reform in Scotland, 230-232. Commonwealth, factions in Glasgow during the, 124. Common charges of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 85, 86, 87. Competition : in quality of work, 28 ; in cheap- ness, 29. Composite crafts, 5 ; demarcation within, 55 ; modern examples, 55. Constables, appointed in Glasgow, 92. Convener. See deacon convener. Convenery : origin of, 5 n. ; legal recognition of, in Glasgow, 102, 117. Coopers: a branch of a composite craft, 5; ques- tion of demarcation with, 57. of Glasgow : their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109 n., 167; sol- dier claiming admission to craft, 191-2 ; regulations affecting the, 141 n. Coppersmiths: membersof Glasgow hammerman craft, 11, 12, 195; dispute about erection of a forge, 139, 140. Cordiners of Edinburgh, 4, 5. of Glasgow, 40 ; their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109, 110, 115, 167. Corn : alteration of laws opposed, 221, 222, 827 ; public purchase and re-sale of, 224. Corporation duty, claim resisted by Glasgow crafts, 216. Councillors of the Crafts House. See deacon convener's council. Counterfeit money, 95. Court of Session : appeals to, in craft matters, J I ; incorporations may apply to, for ap- proval of bye-laws, 119, 120; actions of declarator in, by Glasgow surgeons, 137, by the Glasgow crafts, 110, 115, 117. Cow fairs, 76. Craft and guild system : decay of, 143, 111; clamour for reform of, 145 ; reform effected, 116, U7. Crafts in England, 3. in Europe, 18, 28. in Scotland: their rise, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 151 ; early legislation anent, 36, 37 ; their relation to Town Councils, 3, 4, 5, 6, 131, 132, 139, 145-6. in Glasgow, 5, 6 ; their rank and prece- dence, 109, 110, 167; their relationship to the town council and deacon convener's council. See town council and deacon con- vener's council ; their position in the guildry, see guildry ; a unit in burghal organisation, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 144, 145, 146; an extension of the burgh, prejudicial to the, 237 ; their powers to make bye-laws, 119-120; hammer- men. See hamm. man craft. Craftsmen burgesses, necessity for association amongst, 2. Crimean War, contributions to relief fund during, 246. Creamers in Glasgow, 104. Cross, the, of Glasgow, 23, 158. of Shettleston, 159. Crown, the : grants legal recognition to guilds, 2, to crafts, 3-4; grants burghs the right to hold markets and fairs, 70. Cutlers : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 12, 136 n., 182. Dagmakers : members of the Glasgow hammer- man craft, 12, 81 ; question of demarcation with, 56. Deaconry, letters of. See Seals of Cause. Deacons of crafts, 8, I. 36; in Glasgow, 106, 107, los. Ill; their place in burghal organi- sation, 79. 81, 82, L06, 138. of Glasgow hammerman craft, 37, 38, 85; election of. 15, 166, .'o:f. 304; acceptance of office compulsory, 38, S5, 86 ; to serve as 440 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Deacons — continued. collector first, 199; their powers, duties, and privileges, 39, H7 ; penalties for slandering of, 51, 52, 13+, 18-2; sederunt book to be kept by, 126 ; lists of armed men, kept by, 81. of Glasgow servants, 33. Deacon-convener in Glasgow : office of, created, 102, 106; election of, 107, 108, 111, 113, 167 ; present at hammerman craft meetings, 37, 50, 5 1 , 53, 54 n. ; a member of the town council, 130, 14-6; marshals craftsmen in troublous times, 82, 83. 's book, apprentices booked in, 24. 's council : constitution, functions, and work of, 102, 107, 108, 109, 110, 167; rela- tion of crafts to, 101, 108, lit, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 127; craft representatives on the, 39, It, 107, 109, 110, 111, 115, 116, 117, 167, 196, 24-5; appeals from craft master courts to, 45, 54, 108, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, 182, 183 ; its powers to make acts and statutes affecting the crafts, 108, 113; acts of, anent guild brethren, 114, 115, 116, anent crafts in their relations to itself, 114, 116, affecting crafts, 114, 117, 135, 206, ratifying craft statutes, 114, 118, 119, 120, 133, 218; judgments of the, 120, its exercise of discipline over the crafts, 122, 123, KM. 125, 126, 135 ; contributions by, for public purposes, 128, 129; representation given to, on public institutions, 129 ; known as the Trades House, 106 »., Ill ; effect of the 1846 Act upon the, 129, 147 ; modern functions of the, 130, 147. Decree of Declarator regarding precedence of Glasgow crafts, 110, 115, 117, 167. Demarcation : questions of, within the hammer- man craft, 55 ; acts of Glasgow hammerman craft anent, 55, 56 ; questions of, between hammerman craft and other crafts, 57. Dean of Guild in Glasgow : office created, 102, 103, 106; election of, 107, 108, 113; ex officio a member of the town council, 146. 's Council, 10, 39, 101, 103, 101, 105, 106, 114, 130, 139, 140. 's Merchant Council, 101, 106, 107. Discipline, craft, maintenance of, 47. See judgments. Disputes, settlement of craft. See judgments. Drink silver, 14, 15, 86. Dumbarton, Royal Burgh of, 159. Dumbartonshire, Glasgow hammerman appren- tices drawn from, 22. Dundee, composite crafts in, 5. Dyers of Glasgow, join with bonnetmakers, 109 «., 117. Edinburgh : crafts of, cordiners, 4, 5, hammer- men, 5, 6, 8, 156, hatmakers, 4, 5; convenery of, 196; unfreemen of, 204. St. Giles' Cathedral in, 152. Election of office-bearers : system of, in Glasgow crafts, 37, 38, 42 ; specimen of, in hammer- man craft, 45. Eloi or Eligius, altar of Saint : payments to, 7, after the Reformation, 8, 24. description of, 151, 152, 153, 154. Engineers, members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 11. England : guilds in, 2 ; crafts in, 3; rise of free towns in, 77. Enoch's, S., or S. Tenuis, 158; chapel, 158; gait, 158. Entry to the Glasgow hammerman craft : at the far hand, 18, 21 ; at the near hand, 18, 21 ; charges payable on, 8, 9, 12-16, 18, 19, 57, 77, 91, 132, 133, 187, 195, 198, 199, 202, 205, 207, 209, 216, 217, 241, 242, modifications allowed, 14, 15, 18; abuses in charges pay- able on, 144 ; charges payable by apprentices on, 23, 24-5, 198, 199, 202. Essay as a qualification for Glasgow hammerman craft membership, 9, 10, 19, 20, 24, 25, 57, 147; examples of, 10-11, 12, 20; payment in lieu of, by pendicle members, 20-21 ; aboli- tion of, 205. Essay masters of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 42-3, 44. Exclusive privileges of trading within burghs, 2, 21, 30, 54, 58, 61, 77, 131 ; abuses fostered by, 144; abolition of, 146-7, 196, 204, 246. of the Glasgow hammerman craft. See privileges. Europe, guilds and crafts of, 3, 18, 28. Factions in the Glasgow crafts, 124, 126. Factory legislation, 147. Fairs: right of, a royal grant, 70; their influence on burghal life, 70, 157, 158; in Glasgow, INDEX. 441 Fairs — continued. 71 ; distinction between markets and, 76 ; general effect of, 76 ; a time of holiday, 77 ; privileges of strangers at, 47, 62. Fines, a source of craft income, 95. Fire Insurance Tax, petition against, 2+7. Fishers, 109 n. Fleshers of Glasgow : their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109n., 167; regulations affecting the, 141 n. Founders, a branch of the hammerman trade, 5. France, revolution in, 222, 223. Franco- Prussian War, contributions for wounded in, 248. Freemen : of the burgh, see burgesses ; of the craft, see crafts. King's, 35»., 54, 163, 191, 192, 195, 201. Free towns, rise of, in England, 77. Free trade, in municipalities, 147. Funds of the Glasgow hammerman craft : con- trolled by the master court, 44, 162; sources of income, 95, 244; general expenditure, 98 ; investments and property, 94-97, 182, 192, 193, 198, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 234, 241. See brodpennie. Gallowgate, the, of Glasgow, craft property in, 97. Gallowmuir, the, 158. Gardeners of Glasgow : added to the convenery, 117; their representation on the deacon con- vener's council, 109 »., 167. Gartnavel Lunatic Asylum, foundation stone laying, 196. George III., King, address to, 226. George V., King, marriage of, 248. Girdlemakers, admitted to the Glasgow ham- merman craft, 59. Glasgow: a burgh of regality, 6, 158; later, a royal burgh, 160, 241 ; a bill for extension of, 179; annexation of Blythswood by, 236-238; Cathedral of, 151, 154, 219; new bridge in, 195, 234; new Gas Company in, 246; Royal Exchange, question as to site of, 235, 236 ; University buildings, 247. crafts. See crafts. hammermen. See hammerman craft. police bills, 179, 183, 231, 232, 233, 245. Commissioners, 146. Goldsmiths : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 7, 10, 11, 12, 137, 195. Good and godly work, Glasgow crafts devote funds to, 129. Gorbals : a barony, 63, 64 n. ; a suburb of Glas- gow, 63 ; growth of, 234. : hammermen in, 8, 63-64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 74, 75, 132, 133, 241, oversman of, 44, 46; weavers in, 63, 64, oversman of, 64. lands of : part purchased by Glasgow crafts, 97, 182, 200, 201 ; part belonging to Hutchesons' Hospital, 198. Guild and craft system: decay of, 143, 144; clamour for reform of, 145; reform of, effected, 146, 147. Guild, the, freemen of. See burgesses. Guildry, the, in Glasgow, 6, 77 ; relations of craftsmen and merchants to, 101, 102, 103, 104, 114, 115, 145; a unit in burghal organi- sation, 79, 80, 82, 83, 145; brethren of, by right of apprenticeship, 23, 24, 103 ; fines, 106, 113, 115. Letter of, 102, 106, 109, 116. Gunmakers : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 11, 12. Hammerman craft : origin and constitution of, 1 ; earliest reference to. 3 ; best instance of a composite craft, 5, 11, 12; a wealthy craft, 5 ; precedence in status, 6 ; motto of, 6. of Aberdeen, 6. of Dundee, 6. of Edinburgh, 5, 6, 8, 156. of Glasgow: its status, 6, 110, 1 IS, 167, 220; Seals of Cause granted to, 6, 7, 8, 132, 240; a composite craft, 11, 12; its manage- ment, 36-46, 240; its place in the deacon convener's council, 109, 110, 113, 115, 167, 195, 244; its defence of the guildry, 116; acts and statutes of, see statutes ; petitions and appeals of, to the deacon convener's council and the town council. 121. 122, 123, 121, 125, 126, 127, 134, 135 ; its relations with the town council. 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141; place of craft meetings, 165, 166, 178, 179, 197. 202; method of calling craft meetings, 203 ; absence from meetings, 86 ; statement of its constitution and history 442 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Hammermen of Glasgow — continued. made to the House of Commons Commis- sioners, 210, 211 ; craft's seal, 193. of Gorbals. See Gorbals. of Irvine, 192. of Leith, 201. of Perth, 6. of Rutherglen, 12. of Stirling, 6. Hatmakers of Edinburgh, *»., 5. Hawkers of ironware, 202. Hie Kirk. See Cathedral (Glasgow). High Street of Glasgow, 1.58, 160, 161. Holland : arms imported from, 82 ; towns of, 160. Hookmakers, a branch of the hammerman trade, 5. Horse fairs, 76. Hospital. See almshouse. Hutchesons' Bridge, laying of the foundation stone, 194. Hospital, 26, 29; lands belonging to, 198. Huxters, 73, lot. Infirmaries in Glasgow, crafts contribute to upkeep, 129, 181, 187, 209, 248. Inns in Glasgow, 185, 186, 192, 193, 220. Insufficient work. See quality of work. Intercourse afforded by markets and fairs, 70, 76-77. Intruders on the Glasgow hammerman craft, 58, 59, 68. Ironware, hawkers of, 202. Iron smiths, a branch of the hammerman trade, 55. Irvine, hammermen of, 192. Investments. See funds. James VI., letter to Archbishop of Glasgow, 39 ; Act of 1592, 61. Jeweller, members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 10, 190. Journeymen : generally ranked as unfreemen, 2, 61 ; combine among themselves, 33, 1 17. of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 24 ; not to work for themselves, 27, 48, 53; scarcity of, 29 ; booking of, 32, 33 ; leaving service without notice, 34, 188, 191 ; attempt by, to break away from craft control, 33, 35 ; strike by, for shorter hours, 179, 180, lsii. See statutes. Judgments of the deacon and masters of the Glasgow hammerman craft : on questions of ordinary craft discipline, 51, 52 ; on questions between master and apprentice, 49, 50, 51 ; on questions of insufficient work, 48 ; on questions of demarcation, 55, 56, 57, 122; on questions with Gorbals hammermen, 66, 67, 68; when involving fines, 53, 54 ; appeals from, 45, 54, 121 ; list of prosecutions, 243. of the deacon convener's council, 120-127 Jury, civil trial by, 225, 227. King's freemen. See freemen. Kirk sessions of Glasgow and the town's poor, 91, 128. Knifemaker, a, to be brought to Glasgow, 136. Knockmakers. See clockmakers. Lady member of incorporation, 190, 191. Lanarkshire, Glasgow hammerman apprentices drawn from, 22. Langside, banner taken at, 193, 216. Leeting, election of office-bearers by, 37, 38, 42, 11b., 107, 108, 202, 203, 240. Leith, hammermen of, 201. Letter of Guildry. See guildry. Licenses, granted by Glasgow hammerman craft: to merchants, 59; to unfreemen, 68-9. Litsters, 109 m. Lock Hospital, donation to, 19 1. Locksmiths, members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 11, 12, 136. Logan and Johnstone School, 129, 209. London, Blacksmith Guild of, 6. pewterer brought from, 122. Street, Glasgow, first "lining" in, 192. Lords of Session, 39, 42, 99. Lorimers, members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 7, 12, 58. Magistrates in Royal Burghs, delegates of the Crown, I. in Burghs of Regality, delegates of the Archbishop, 6. Maltmen of Glasgow: visitor of, 50, 85 re., 102, 107 ; their representation on the deacon con- vener's council, 109, 110, 115, 167. Mariners, 108 re., 109 re. INDEX. 443 Markets : right of, a royal grant, 70 j their influence on burghal life, 70, 157, 158; dis- tinction between fairs and, 76. in Glasgow, 71, 72, 158, 159, 160; rights of sale and purchase at, 72, 73 ; privileges of unfreemen at, 62, 63, 65; forestalling the, 60, 72. : hammerman craft and the, 71, 160; craft receives " brodpennie," 71, 75, 138 ; their market for manufactured articles only, 75-76; searching for insufficient work at the, 28, 47, 62, 75, 161 ; right to sell wares on the street during, 233. Masons, an early voluntary association, 35. of Glasgow : at first a composite craft, 5 ; later a simple craft, 55 ; questions of demar- cation with, 57 ; their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109 «., 167 ; craft lyners drawn from the, 114; a Craft History, 215. Master and servant in the Glasgow hammerman craft: cleavage between, 29, 35; written agreements between, 31, 32, 33; disputes between, 33, 34, 50, 51. Masters (or master court) of the Glasgow ham- merman craft : elections of, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 85, 121, 122, 240 ; specimen minute of election of, 45-46 ; acceptance of office compulsory, 44, 86 ; qualification for office, 168, 169, 173, 174, 176, 178; duties and jurisdiction of, 44, 47, 53, 86, 124, 162, 186, 210; their jurisdic- tion over suburban crafts, 66 ; their meeting place, 163, 165, 185, 186, 194, 202, 210; absence from meetings, 86. Membership of the Glasgow hammerman craft : qualifications for, 9, 23, 24, 192; qualifications for, in particular branches, 56, 57 ; admission to, 44, 135, 136, 166, 190, 243; lady admitted to, 190, 191 ; admission of honorary member to, 192; privileges of, 21, 195; roll of, 38, 188, 195, 210, 217, 233. Merchandise, disputes concerning questions of, 108 m. Merchants, the, 1. in Glasgow, 6, 102, 103; an ex- clusive caste, 58; intruding on the crafts, 58, 59, 116, 134; their rights on market days, 72, 73, 75, 76; hospital maintained by, 105, 106, 107 ; their position in the Guildry, see guildry. Merchants House of Glasgow, 103n., 106, 107, 196. Merchants and craftsmen of Glasgow, quarrels between, 81, 82, 83. 101, 102. Molendinar burn, 158. Money : counterfeit, 95; clipped, 95. Monopoly, craft, in burghs, infringed upon at markets and fairs, 70, 71, 76, 77. Mortcloths, Glasgow hammerman craft hire out, 16; entrants pay towards upkeep of, 13n., 16, 19, 38; returns from hiring of, a source of craft income, 95. Municipal affairs: abuses in, 112, 114; clamour for reform in, 1 1-5 ; legislative reform in, 1 to, 1 17. Bill for Scotland (1836), 196. Musters of Glasgow burgesses, 81, 82, 84, 1 H. Nailmakers, a branch of the hammerman trade, 5. Napoleonic invasion, 128 n. Night walkers, protection of Glasgow inhabi- tants against, 80. Notary, admitted to Glasgow hammerman craft, 135. Oath dn fideli, taken on entry to the Glasgow hammerman craft, 9, 17, .'I, 11, 15; declara- tion substituted for, 203. Occupations of members of the Glasgow ham- merman craft, 11-12. Officer of the Glasgow hammerman craft : each new member to act as, 16 ; fee substi- tuted for service as, 16, 17; a paid servant to act as, 17; his duties, t2 ; election of, 15; 178, 196, 207; his remuneration, 190, 191, 197, 201, 302, 203, 205, 306, 207; office lapses, 210. Operative freemen of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 21, 202. Oversman of the Gorbals hammermen, 14, 65, 66; specimen minutes of election of, to, 65. of the Gorbals weavers, 64. Packing and peeling, 188, 190. Paisley canal. 315, 316. Parliament : Acts of Scots, ancnt crafts, -'. J. '■. .'iii, 61, 62, anent markets and fairs, 71, 72. 75 ; effect of modern legislation by, on craft privileges, 146. 147. 444 THE HAMMERMEN OF GLASGOW. Parliament, riding to, 128. Partnership, beginnings of, 29. and craft privileges, 170, 171, 188, 190, 200. Pedlars, privileges of, on market days, 73. Pendicle members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 20, 21, 170, 171,202. Pensions. See poor. Perth, hammermen of, 6, 191. Pestilence, precautions taken in Glasgow during times of, 81. Pewterers : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 11, 12, 77 ; questions of demarcation with, 56, 57, 122; regulations as to pewter work, 1 tO. Pistol maker, 136. Police Commissioners of Glasgow, the, 1 16. ■ Bills, 179, 183, 231, 232, 233, 245. system, advent of the, 81. Pontage, 179. Poor, the: special relief of, 193, 205, 206; gifts to, 203, 207 ; fund for, 189. of Glasgow : maintenance of, 88, 91, 98, 99 ; stent for, 91 ; systematic craft assist- ance for, 91, 92, 98, 128; effect of Poor Law Act, 92. of Glasgow hammerman craft : entrants to craft make a payment for, 13 »., 15, 24, 32, 33, 35 ; new deacons make a payment for, 39; monthly payments to, 41, 90; quarterly payments to, 41, 90, 91, 98; warrants for payments to, 89 ; care of, a first duty, 85, 88. Portpatrick and Glasgow roads, 192. Potters, members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 12. Prices, regulation of, 2S, _>!). Privileges of trading, within burghs. See exclusive. within the Glasgow hammerman craft, 44, 54, 56, 67, 77, 241 ; burdens, coun- terpart of, 88, 115, 116; abuses of, 112. I 13. Procurator, common, of the Glasgow hammer- man craft, 37, 10, 12. Public affairs, hammerman craft's share in, 219. Qualified roll of Glasgow hammerman craft, 38. Quality of work, in Glasgow hammerman craft : competition in, 28, 29, 49 ; supervision of, 47, 48, 53 ; effects of later legislation on, 147. Quarriers, members of a composite craft, 5. Quarter accounts of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 13, 38, II, It, 86, 87, 90, 117, 128n., 203, 209, 241, 242; collection of, 87, 166, 167, 169, 172, 173, 176, 178, 198, 200; a source of craft income, 95 ; byelaws dealing with, 133, 198, 203, 225; commuta- tion of, 207. of the Gorbals hammermen, 65. Queen Victoria, address to, 216; visits Glas- gow, 206, 246. ReligiOD and crafts in Scotland, 154. Renfrewshire, Glasgow hammerman apprentices drawn from, 22. Residence in the burgh, a qualification necessary for craft membership, 9, 12; exceptions to the rule, 12. Revenue of Glasgow hammerman craft, sources of, 41,95. Revolution, 83. the French, 222, 223. Riding to Parliament, 128. Rivalry in workmanship, 28, 29, 30. Rivals, Glasgow's early, 159. Riverside property, proposed sale, 201. Rottenrow, 161. Rouped gear of the Glasgow hammerman mar- ket, 75. Rutherglen, hammermen of, 12. a Royal Burgh, 158, 159. Bridge, hammerman craft contribute to building of, 167. Sabbath school movement, 129. observance, 118, 139, 141, 156. Saddlers : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 7, 10, 26, 68; questions of demarcation with, 56. Sailors, special trade privileges for, 35, 54, 163, 195. Saints : S. Catherine, 152; S. Eloi (orS. Eligius), the patron saint of hammermen, 7, 8, 24, 151, 152, 153, 154; S. Giles, Edinburgh, 152; S. Kentigern, 151, 154; S. Lawrence, 152; S. Mungo, 151, 154, 160, 219; S. Paul, 152; S. Enoch's (or S. Tenuis), 158. Saltmarket in Glasgow : craft property in the, 97 ; formerly Wauker gait, 158, 160. INDEX. 445 Sawyers, members of a composite craft, 5. Schedinstoun (Shettleston) Cross, 159. Scotland, crafts in. See crafts. , guilds in, 2. Scot and lot, 78 n. Seals of Cause (or Letters of Deaconry) : grants of, in Scotland, 3-4, 5, 61, 132, 137 ; attitude of the Courts to, 5+ ; grants of, in Glasgow, 6; details of grant to the hammerman craft, 7, 8, 24, 28, 36, 37, 151, 156. Seal of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 193. Searchmasters of the Glasgow hammerman craft, 7, 28, 43, 44, 47, 62, 63; searching the market, 75, 123, 161. Servants (or journeymen), ranked as unfreemen, 2. of Glasgow hammerman craft, 7, 9; their relation to the craft, 31 ; booking of, 31, 32, 33; cleavage between masters and, 29, 35; attempt by, to break away from craft control, 33, 35, 147 ; leaving service without notice, 34 ; movement by, for shorter hours, 33-34, 179, 180, 189; not to work for themselves, 27, 34, 48, 53 ; old soldiers as, 33, 35. See statutes. Shorter hours of service, movement for, 33, 179, 180, 189. Silversmiths : a branch of the hammerman trade, 5 ; members of the Glasgow hammer- man craft, 195. Skinners of Edinburgh, 5. of Glasgow, 6, 36 ; their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109k., 167 ; Annals of, 211. Slaters, members of a composite craft, 5. Slavery, abolition of, 222. Smiths: early mention of the, 3n., 5; members of Glasgow hammerman craft, 11, 25, 58, 81. Smithies, building of, in Glasgow, 139. Soldiers: as servants, 33, 35; special trade privi- leges for, 35, 54, 163, 191, 192, 195, 201. Sons (and sons-in-law) of members entering Glasgow hammerman craft, 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 77. Statutes of the Glasgow hammerman craft : anent — admission to membership. 21, entry money, 13, 15, 16. 19, 198, 199, 201, 202, 205, 209, 217, the officership, 16, apprentices, 26, 27, 28, 29, 48, 53, 168, 169, 170, 171, 171, 177, 178, 179, servants and journeymen, 27, Statutes — continued. 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 48, 53, 162, 163, 168, 169, 175, 177, 179, 180, office-bearers, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 86, 168, 169, 173, 174, 176, 1?*, 199, insufficient work, 48, 49, craft disci- pline, 51, 182, demarcation of workmanship, 55, 56, 57, intruders, 59, 68, attendance at meetings, 86, quarter accounts, 87, 167, 169, 172, 173, 176, 178, 203, 207, system of elec- tions, 202, 203; revisal of, 167, 168, 213; ratified by the deacon convener's council and the town council, 119, 132, 133, 213. 218; printing of the, 162. 179, 189, 201, 213; dis- pute as to certain new enactments, 168-1 7s. of the deacon convener's council. See . Suburbs, exercise of crafts in, 61, 62, 63. of Glasgow, agreements between Glas- gow craftsmen and craftsmen in, 62, 63, 6-1, 65, ii6, 68. Surgeons and barbers of Glasgow : extent of privileges, 61, 80, 137; separated into two organisations, 109 »., 117. See barbers. Tailors, an early voluntary association, 3. of Glasgow : their representation on the deacon convener's council, 109, 110, 115, 167. Taxation : borne by the burgesses in Glasgow, 78, 79 ; levied as money was required, 79 ; for burghal purposes, 79, 91 ; for national purposes, 79; method of imposition, 79. 231. 232 ; incidence of, 80. Tinsmiths, members of the Glasgow hammer- man craft, 11, 195. Tollcross, 158. 446 THE HAMMKRMEN OF GLASGOW. Toolmakers, members of the Glasgow hammer- man craft, 77. Town Council : the governing body in burghs, ?!>, 80, 107 ; members of, all burgesses, 1 ; control of crafts by the, 3, 131, 132, 1 1.5, 1 17. the, of Glasgow : relation of the crafts to, 130, 131, 138, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 142, 145, 1K>, 230, 231 ; its relation to the deacon convener's council and the Merchants House, 107, 111, 113, 145, I Hi; craft statutes ratified by, 8, 14, 15, 108, 109, 111, MS, 119, 13.', 133, 199, 201 ; craft appeals heard by, 4.5, 54, .56, 60, 181, 12-2, 123, 126, 132, 131, 13.5, 138, 161; direct petitions to, in craft affairs, 134; craft agreements ratified by, 63, 64, 132, 133, 211 ; representations to, anent Gorbals craftsmen, 67, 68, 134; jurisdiction and privileges of the crafts disputed by, 138, 139; regulations by, as to craftsmanship and burgess duties, 139, 1 10, 141 ; corrupt practices by, 1 18, Ill; a bill to regulate election of, 181 ; effect of later legislation on the position of, 146, 1 17. Trades Battalion of Volunteers. See battalion. Hall in Glasgow: first reference to, 166; built, 197; meetings in, 202, 220; property disposed of, 21.5; scheme of reconstruction of, 216. Hospital, 220 ; lands, sale of, 192. See almshouse. Trades House. See deacon convener's council. School in Glasgow, 128, 199,208,211,212. Trade Union, journeymen in Glasgow form a, 33. Tradeston perambulation, 200 ; support of in- terests, 234, 23.5. Turks, men taken by the, 99. Transition from the craft and guild system, 144, 204. Trongate, 158. Tron Kirk, 160, 16.5, 179, 220. Unemployed, relief of, 129, 207. Unfreemen of the burgh, 2. of Edinburgh, 204. Unfreemen of the craft : regulations of Glasgow hammerman craft anent, 44, 49, 52, .54, 58, .59, 60, 62; practising in suburbs, 61, 62, 66, 68 ; licenses to, 68-69, 72, 73, 74. Union, the, agitation, 83. Unity of burghal organisation, 23, 79. University of Glasgow, proposed royal visitation of, 180. Victoria. See Queen Victoria. Virginia Street, 186. Voting, system of. See letting. Visitor of maltmen. See mailmen. Volunteers. See battalions. Wages, questions of, 29, 34. Wapinschaws, 39, 82, 139, 141. War: Crimean, relief fund, 246; Franco-Prus- sian, contributions for wounded in, 248. Watching and warding, an obligation of bur- gesses, 78, 80, 81, 84, 86, 141. Watchmakers. See ctockmakers. Warden of the craft, statutory, 2, 3, 4. Weavers, early voluntary association of, 3. of Edinburgh, 5, 64. of Glasgow, 6, 55, 110; their representa- tion on the deacon convener's council, 109, 110, 167. of Gorbals and Glasgow, 63, 64. West Port (Argyle Street), 186. Whiteiron workers : members of Glasgow ham- merman craft, 11, 12; questions of demarca- tion with, 57. Widows carrying on business, 80 n. William IV., King, address to, 238, 239. William the Lion, 159. Wrights, early voluntary association of, 3. of Dundee, 5. of Glasgow, 57, 58, 114; their representa- tion on the deacon convener's council, 109 n., 167. Wynd, Wynd-head, 161. Wynde, " Grey Freir," 160. 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