REESE LIBRARY

IVERS1TY OF CALIFORNIA.

Received. <^&^

Accessions No.^/^^_y__ Shelf No.

THE

ITS ORGANIZATION AND PRACTICAL WORKINGS.

INCLUDING THE

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES,
AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE THREE GRAND DIVISIONS OF THE GOVERN-
MENT, NAMELY :-THE LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND JUDICIAL DE-
PARTMENTS, THEIR POWERS AND DUTIES, WITH THE NUMBER,
TITLE, AND COMPENSATION OF ALL PERSONS EMPLOYED
IN EACH, TOGETHER WITH MANY INTERESTING
FACTS AND HISTORIES.

GEORGE N. LAMPHERE.

PHILADELPHIA:

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.

1881.

PREFACE.

THE cause which suggested the publication of this book was my per-
sonal observation of a lack, 'on the part of many persons, of a proper
knowledge of the Government of the United States. I have observed
many times that but few persons, in comparison, are acquainted with the most
general provisions of the Constitution of the United States, and the terms of
the Declaration of Independence. Hoping that the matter in this book may
prove so interesting as to attract the notice of a considerable number, I have
incorporated those two immortal documents, with a view of increasing the num-
ber who will have a better knowledge of them. It may not have been suggested
to the ordinary reader that those documents are found printed in but few books.
Youths in the schools should read and study them, and also the contents of this
book, for there can be no higher study for the rising generation than that of
the Government under which they live, and will be soon called upon to maintain
and perpetuate by their aid and influence.

This effort was made in the hope that information about the Government
might become accessible to all classes of the people. I have found by expe-
rience that it is very difficult to obtain information in regard to the Government,
and it can only be acquired by an examination of numbers of official reports and
publications ; and then, ofttimes, a person may be misled.

It seems to me that there is a tendency on the part of officers whose duty it
is to report upon the operations of the Government to elaborate and issue
voluminous reports, which it is very tedious to examine, for information about
any particular branch of the Government service. Finding this to be the case
led me to thinking about consolidating information concerning the Government
in all its branches ; something which would show to the general reader the
organization and practical workings of the Government.

I have sought to give such information as will not only be valuable to the
public at large, but to those officers who are, to a great extent, acquainted with
governmental affairs, as it reaches farther and is more compendious than any
work of the kind heretofore published. It is thought that it will be of great
assistance to Senators and Representatives, as it will afford them answers to a
large proportion of the inquiries made of them by their constituents ; and, of
course, such answers can be readily found in this volume.

It will also be valuable to all executive officers, as a book of ready reference

4 PREFACE.

and to private citizens it supplies a mine of information which, in the past, has
been confined to a few.

I have been told by a Member of Congress that he spent three months of
each year in going about searching for information with which to answer inqui-
ries submitted to him by his constituents.

There is no branch of the United States Government which is not explained,
in a general way, in this book.

Here will be found the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the
United States, the organization of Congress and its employes, the manner of
making laws, a description of the Library of Congress, and of the Botanical
Garden. Then the Executive Department is considered, beginning, first, with
the President, the manner of his election, his powers and duties, and the force
employed in his office. Then the seven great executive departments, the State,
Treasury, War, Navy, Interior, Post- Office, and Justice, with their organization,
the duties generally of all the principal officers, interesting accounts of the prac-
tice and customs in the several bureaus, with an account of the service outside
of Washington, including foreign ministers, consuls and consular agents, the
Indian Service, the Public Lands, Customs Service, Internal Revenue Service,
the Army and the Navy, with the pay of all officers, civil, military, and naval,
of the Government.

We come next to the Judiciary, with an account of the organization of all
the United States Courts, and their jurisdiction.

The Territorial Governments, the District of Columbia, and th Smithsonian
Institution.

The next chapter gives the manner of the appointment of all officers and
their tenure, and the following chapter the amount of bonds required of all
officers in whose hands money and property of the Government are held, and
who execute bonds for the faithful performance of their duties.

N.B. Communications addressed to the title of an office will reach their
destination as speedily and surely as if the name of the incumbent were known
and used.

All officers of the Government, and others to whom I have applied for infor-
mation, have very courteously and willingly complied with my requests, and
afforded me all the assistance desired.

GEO. N. LAMPHERE.

WASHINGTON, D. C., January 19, 1880.

CONTENTS.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 12

Amendments to Constitution 19

SEAT OF GOVERNMENT 22

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT :

Senate 23

House of Kepresentatives 24

Analysis of Appropriation Bills 26

Library of Congress 46

Botanic Garden.... 49

Government Printing-Office 49

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT :

President of the United States 51

Conditions common to all Executive Departments 53

STATE DEPARTMENT 56

Diplomatic Service of the United States 58

Consular Service of the United States 59

TREASURY DEPARTMENT 64

Organization 65

Powers 65

Duties of the Secretary of the Treasury 65

Secretary's Office 69

Assistant Secretary, First 69

Assistant Secretary, Second 70

Chief Clerk 70

Regular Divisions :

Appointment Division 70

Customs Division.. 73

Internal Kevenue and Navigation Division 73

Loans and Currency Division 73

Public Moneys Division 73

Revenue Marine Division 83

Stationery, Printing, etc., Division , 85

"Warrants, Estimates, etc., Division 72

Other Divisions:

Captured and Abandoned Property and Lands Division 87

Secret Service Division 86

Special Agents Division 85

Disbursing Clerks 85

Debt of the United States 74

Bonds of the United States 77

Bureau of Engraving and Printing 88

Bureau of the Mint 89

6 CONTENTS.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT Continued. PAGE

Mints of the United States 89

Assay Offices of the United States 92

Supervising Architect's Office 92

Steamboat Inspection Service 95

Life-Saving Service 97

Bureau of Statistics 98

Light-House Establishment 99

Office Light-House Board 101

Marine Hospital Service 102

First Comptroller of the Treasury 103

Second Comptroller of the Treasury 104

Comptroller of the Currency 105

Commissioner of Customs 109

First Auditor 110

Second Auditor Ill

Third Auditor '. 113

Fourth Auditor 114

Fifth Auditor 116

Sixth Auditor 117

Treasurer of the United States 118

Assistant Treasurers of the United States 121

Commissioner of Internal Revenue..." 123

Solicitor of Internal Revenue 125

Internal Revenue Service 126

Internal Revenue Collection Districts ; 127

Customs Service 137

Customs Collection Districts and Ports 141

Coast and Geodetic Survey Service 157

National Board of Health 159

WAR DEPARTMENT 162

Duties of Secretary of War 162

National Cemeteries 163

Secretary's Office, divisions of. 165

Adjutant-General's Office 166

Inspector-General's Office 167

Bureau of Military Justice 167

Signal Office 167

Quartermaster-General's Office 168

Quartermaster's Department 170

Commissary-General 170

Subsistence Department 171

Paymaster-General Pay Department 171

Surgeon-General Medical Department 171

Chief of Ordnance 173

Ordnance Stations 173

Ordnance Department 174

Chief of Engineers Engineer Coi;ps 174

War Department Buildings 175

Washington Aqueduct 175

Mississippi River Commission 175

United States Army 176

Military Academy, West Point, New York 178

Pay of Officers, Active 184

Pay of Officers, Retired 184

Pay of Officers and Cadets, Military Academy 185

Pay of Enlisted Men 186

Posts, Garrisons, and Stations 187

NAVY DEPARTMENT 192

Duties of the Secretary of the Navy 192

CONTENTS 7

NAVY DEPARTMENT Continued. PAGE

Bureaus :

Yards and Docks 194

Equipment and Recruiting 194

Navigation 194

Naval Observatory 194

Hydrographic Office 195

Nautical Almanac 195

Ordnance 196

Construction and Repairs 196

Steam Engineering 196

Provisions and Clothing.... 196

Medicine and Surgery ., 196

Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 196

Naval Hospitals 197

Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 197

United States Navy 203

Pay of Officers of Navy 206

Pay of Petty Officers and Seamen 208

United States Marine Corps 209

Pay of Officers of the Marine Corps 210

Vessels of the Navy 209

Navy- Yards and Shore Stations 211

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT 212

Duties of the Secretary of the Interior 212

Secretary's Office 213

Divisions :

Appointment 213

Disbursement 213

Indian Affairs ; 213

Lands and Railroads 213

Pension 213

Public Document 213

Returns Office 214

General Land Office 214

Duties of Commissioner 214

Land Service outside of Washington 215

Public Lands 217

Pension Office 228

Pension Agents 229

Pensions 229

Indian Office 237

Indian Agents 238

Patent Office 240

Patents 241

Census Office 243

Bureau of Education 244

Auditor of Railroad Accounts 244

Architect of the Capitol 245

Geological Survey 245

Entomological Commission 246

Officers of District of Columbia 246

Government Hospital for the Insane 246

Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 247

Freedmen's Hospital and Asylum 249

Columbia Hospital for Women and Lying-in Asylum 249

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT 250

Duties of the Postmaster-General 250

Office Postmaster-General 259

Office First Assistant Postmaster-General 259

Office Second Assistant Postmaster-General ... , 260

8 CONTENTS.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT Continued. PAGR

Office Third Assistant Postmaster-General 260

Office Superintendent Money-Order System 261

Office Superintendent of Foreign Mails 261

Office Superintendent Mail Kailway Service 261

Office Assistant Attorney-General Post-Office Department 261

Force employed in above Offices 261

Eates of Postage 262

Money-Orders 264

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 265

Attorney-General's and Officers' Duties 265

Solicitor of the Treasury 267

Duties 267

Office 268

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 269

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT 270

Supreme Court of United States 270

Circuit Courts of United States 270

District Courts of United States 271

Court of Claims 273

Supreme Court of the District of Columbia 273

District Attorneys 273

Marshals 274

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN THE TERRITORIES 275

District of Columbia 276

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 278

COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES 283

APPOINTMENTS :

How made 284

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS..., , 297

of Cal. Duplica
Withdrawn

THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT,

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.-1776

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776.
The Unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America.

WHEN, in the course of human events,
it becomes necessary for one people to dis-
solve the political bands which have con-
nected them with another, and to assume
among the Powers of the earth, the sepa-
rate and equal station to which the Laws
of Nature and of Nature's God entitle
them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the sepa-
ration.

We hold these truths to be self-evident,
that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights ; that among these are
Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happi-
ness. That to secure these rights, Gov-
ernments are instituted among Men, de-
riving their just powers from the consent
of the governed ; That whenever any
Form of Government becomes destructive
of these ends, it is the Right of the Peo-
ple to alter or to abolish it, and to insti-
tute new Government, laying its founda-
tions on such principles and organizing
its powers in such form, as to them shall
seem most likely to effect their Safety and
Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dic-
tate that Governments long established
should not be changed for light and tran-
sient causes ; and accordingly all experi-
ence hath shown, that mankind are more
disposed to suffer, while evils are suffer-
able, than to right themselves by abolish-
ing the forms to which they are accus-
tomed. But when a long train of abuses
and usurpations, pursuing invariably the

same Object, evinces a design to reduce
them under absolute Despotism, it is their
right, it is their duty, to throw off such
Government, and to provide new Guards
for their future security. Such has been
the patient sufferance of these Colonies ;
and such is now the necessity which con-
strains them to alter their former systems
of Government. The history of the pres-
ent King of Great Britain is a history
of repeated injuries and usurpations, all
having in direct object the establishment
of an absolute Tyranny over these States.
To prove this let facts be submitted to a
candid world.

He has refused his Assent to Laws the
most wholesome and necessary for the
public good.

He has forbidden his Governors to pass
Laws of immediate and pressing import-
ance, unless suspended in their operation
till his Assent should be obtained ; and
when so suspended, he has utterly neg-
lected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other Laws for
the accommodation of large districts of
people, unless those people would relin-
quish the right of Representation in the
Legislature, a right inestimable to them
and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative
bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable
and distant from the depository of their
Public Records, for the sole purpose of
fatiguing them into compliance with his
measures.

He has dissolved Representative Houses

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

repeatedly, for opposing with manly firm-
ness his invasions on the rights of the
people.

He has refused for a long time, after
such dissolutions, to cause others to be
elected, whereby the Legislative Powers,
incapable of Annihilation, have returned
to the People at large for their exercise ;
the State remaining in the meantime ex-
posed to all the dangers of invasion from
without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavoured to prevent the pop-
ulation of these States ; for that purpose
obstructing the Laws for Naturalization
of Foreigners ; refusing to pass others
to encourage their migration hither, and
raising the conditions of new Appropria-
tions of Lands.

He has obstructed the Administration
of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws
for establishing Judiciary Powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his
Will alone, for the tenure of their offices,
and the amount and payment of their
salaries.

He has erected a multitude of New
Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers
to harass our People and eat out their
substance.

He has kept among us, in times of
peace, Standing Armies without the Con-
sent of our legislature.

He has affected to render the Military-
independent of and superior to the Civil
Power.

He has combined with others to subject
us to a jurisdiction foreign to our consti-
tution, and unacknowledged by our laws ;
giving his Assent to their acts of pre-
tended Legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed
troops among us :

For protecting them, by a mock Trial,
from Punishment for any Murders which
they should commit on the Inhabitants of
these States :

For cutting off our Trade with all parts
of the world :

For imposing taxes on us without our
Consent :

For depriving us, in many cases, of the
benefits of Trial by Jury :

For transporting us beyond Seas to be
tried for pretended offences :
^ For abolishing the free System of Eng-
lish Laws in a neighbouring Province,
establishing therein an Arbitrary govern-
ment, and enlarging its Boundaries, so a,s
to render it at once an example and fit
instrument for introducing the same ab-
solute rule into these Colonies:

For taking away our Charters, abolish-

ing our most valuable Laws, and altering
fundamentally the Forms of our Govern-
ment:

For suspending our own Legislature,
and declaring themselves invested with
Power to legislate for us in all cases what-
soever.

He has abdicated Government here, by
declaring us out of his Protection, and
waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our
Coasts, burned our towns, and destroyed
the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large
armies of foreign mercenaries to complete
the works of death, desolation and tyr-
anny, already begun with circumstances
of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled
in the most barbarous ages, and totally
unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens
taken Captive on the high Seas to bear
Arms against their Country, to become
the executioners of their friends and
Brethren, or to fall themselves by their
Hands.

He has excited domestic insurrection
amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring
on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the
merciless Indian Savages, whose known
rule of warfare is an undistinguished des-
truction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

In every stage of these oppressions We
have Petitioned for Redress in the most
humble terms: Our repeated Petitions'
have been answered only by repeated in-
jury. A Prince, whose character is thus
marked by every act which may define a
Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free
People.

Nor have we been wanting in atten-
tion to our Brittish brethren. We have
warned them from time to time of at-
tempts by their legislature to extend
an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.
We have reminded them of the circum-
stances of our emigration and settlement
here. We have appealed to their native
justice and magnanimity, and we have
conjured them by the ties of our common
kindred to disavow these usurpations,
which would inevitably interrupt our
connections and correspondence. They
too have been deaf to the voice of justice
and of consanguinity. We must, there-
fore, acquiesce in the necessity, which
denounces our Separation, and hold them,
as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies
in War, in Peace, Friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of
the United States of America, in General
Congress Assembled, appealing to the

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

Supreme Judge of the world for the rec-
titude of our intentions, do, in the Name,
and by Authority of the good People
of these Colonies, solemnly publish and
declare, That these United Colonies are,
and of right ought to be, Free and Inde-
pendent States ; That they are Absolved
from all Allegiance to the British Crown,
and that all political connection between
them and the State of Great Britain is,
and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and
that as Free and Independent States, they
have full Power to levy War, conclude
Peace, contract Alliances, establish Com-
merce, and to do all other Acts and
Things which Independent States may of
right do. And for the support of this
Declaration, with a firm reliance on the
Protection of Divine Providence, we
mutually pledge to each other our Lives,
our Fortunes and our sacred Honour.

JOHN HANCOCK,

President.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.
JOSIAH BARTLETT,
WM. WHIFFLE,
MATTHEW THORNTON.

MASSACHUSETTS BAY.
SAML. ADAMS,
JOHN ADAMS,
ROBT. TREAT PAINE,
ELBRIDQE GERRY.

RHODE ISLAND.
STEP. HOPKINS,
WILLIAM ELLERY.

CONNECTICUT.
ROGER SHERMAN,
SAM'EL HUNTINGTON,
WM. WILLIAMS,
OLIVER WOLCOTT.

NEW YORK.
WM. FLOYD,
PHIL. LIVINGSTON,
FRANS. LEWIS,
LEWIS MORRIS.

NEW JERSEY.
RICHD. STOCKTON,

JNO. WlTHERSPOON,

FRAS. HOPKINSON,
JOHN HART,
ABRA. CLARK.

PENNSYLVANIA.
ROBT. MORRIS,
BENJAMIN RUSH,
BENJA. FRANKLIN,
JOHN MORTON,
GEO. CLYMER,
JAS. SMITH,
GEO. TAYLOR,
JAMES WILSON,
GEO. Ross.

DELAWARE.
C^SAR RODNEY,
GEO. READ,
THO. McKEAN.

MARYLAND.
SAMUEL CHASE,
WM. PACA,
THOS. STONE,
CHARLES CARROLL of Carrollton.

VIRGINIA.
GEORGE WHYTE,
RICHARD HENRY LEE,
TH. JEFFERSON,
BENJA. HARRISON,
THOS. NELSON, JR.,
FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE,
CARTER BRAXTON.

NORTH CAROLINA.
WM. HOOPER,
JOSEPH HEWES,
JOHN PENN.

SOUTH CAROLINA.
EDWARD RUTLEDGE,
THOS. HEYWARD, JUNR.,
THOMAS LYNCH, JUNR.,
ARTHUR MIDDLETON.

GEORGIA.
BUTTON GWINNETT,
LYMAN HALL,
GEORGE WALTON.

CONSTITUTION

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

WITH AMENDMENTS.

WE THE PEOPLE of the United States, in
Order to form a more perfect Union,
establish Justice, insure domestic Tran-
quility, provide for the common de-
fence, promote the general Welfare,
and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain
and establish this CONSTITUTION for the
United States of America.

ARTICLE I.

SECTION 1. All legislative Powers
herein granted shall be vested in a Con-
gress of the United States, which shall
consist of a Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives.

SECTION 2. The House of Representa-
tives shall be composed of Members
chosen every second Year by the People
of the several States, and the Electors in
each State shall have the Qualifications
requisite for Electors of the most numer-
ous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative
who shall not have attained to the Age
of twenty-five Years, and been seven
Years a Citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhab-
itant of that State in which he shall be
chosen.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall
be apportioned among the several States
which may be included within this Union,
according to their respective Numbers,
which shall be determined by adding to
the whole Number of free Persons, in-
cluding those bound to Service for a Term
of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed,

three fifths of all other Persons. The ac-
tual Enumeration shall be made within
three Years after the first Meeting of the
Congress of the United States, and within
every subsequent Term of ten Years, in
such Manner as they shall by Law direct.
The Number of Representatives shall
not exceed one for every thirty Thousand,
but each State shall have at Least one
Representative ; and until such enumera-
tion shall be made, the State of New
Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse
three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island
and Providence Plantations one, Con-
necticut five, New- York six, New Jersey
four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one,
Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Caro-
lina five, South Carolina five, and Geor-
gia three.

When vacancies happen in the Repre-
sentation from any State, the Executive
Authority thereof shall issue Writs of
Election to fill such vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall
chuse their Speaker and other Officers ;
and shall have the sole Power of Impeach-
ment.

SECTION 3. The Senate of the United
States shall be composed of two Senators
from each State, chosen by the Legisla-
ture thereof, for six Years ; and each
Senator shall have one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assem-
bled in Consequence of the first Election,
they shall be divided as equally as may
be into three Classes. The Seats of the
Senators of the first Class shall be va-
cated at the Expiration of the second
Year, of the second Class at the Expira-

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 13

tion of the fourth Year, and of the third
Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year,
so that one-third may be chosen every
second Year ; and if Vacancies happen
by Resignation, or otherwise, during the
Recess of the Legislature of any State,
the Executive thereof may make tempo-
rary Appointments until the next Meet-
ing of the Legislature, which shall then
fill such Vacancies.

No person shall be a Senator who shall
not have attained to the Age of thirty
Years, and been nine Years, a Citizen of
the United States, and who shall not,
when elected, be an Inhabitant of that
State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States
shall be President of the Senate, but shall
have no Vote, unless they be equally di-
vided.

The Senate shall chuse their other
Officers, and also a President pro tempore,
in the Absence of the Vice President, or
when he shall exercise the Office of Presi-
dent of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power
to try all Impeachments. When sitting
for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath
or Affirmation. When the President of
the United States is tried, the Chief
Justice shall preside : And no Person
shall be convicted without the Concur-
rence of two-thirds of the Members
present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment
shall not extend further than to removal
from Office, and disqualification to hold
and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or
Profit under the United States : but the
Party convicted shall nevertheless be
liable and subject to Indictment, Trial,
Judgment and Punishment, according to
Law.

SECTION 4. The Times, Places and
Manner of holding Elections for Senators
and Representatives, shall be prescribed
in each State by the Legislature thereof,
but the Congress may at any time by
Law make or alter such Regulations, ex-
cept as to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least
once in every Year, and such Meeting
shall be on the first Monday in December,
unless they shall by Law appoint a dif-
ferent Day.

SECTION 5. Each House shall be the
Judge of the Elections, Returns and
Qualifications of its own Members, and
a Majority of each shall constitute a Quo-
rum to do Business ; but a smaller Num-
ber may aljourn from day to day, and
may be authorized to compel the Attend-

ance of absent Members, in such Manner,
and under such Penalties as each House
may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules
of its Proceedings, punish its Members
for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the
Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Mem-
ber.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its
Proceedings, and from time to time pub-
lish the same, excepting such Parts as
may in their Judgment require Secrecy ;
and the Yeas and Nays of the Members
of either House on any question shall, at
the Desire of one fifth of those Present,
be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of
Congress, shall, without the Consent of
the other, adjourn for more than three
days, nor to any other Place than that in
which the two Houses shall be sitting.

SECTION 6. The Senators and Repre-
sentatives shall receive a Compensation
for their services, to be ascertained by
Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the
United States. They shall, in all Cases,
except Treason, Felony and Breach of
the Peace, be Privileged from Arrest
during their Attendance at the Session of
their respective Houses, and in going to
and returning from the same; and for
any Speech or Debate in either House,
they shall not be questioned in any other
Place.

No Senator or Representative shall,
during the Time for which he was elected,
be appointed to any civil Office under the
Authority of the United States, which
shall have been created, or the Emolu-
ments whereof shall have been encreased
during such time ; and no Person holding
any Office under the United States, shall
be a Member of either House during his
Continuance in Office.

SECTION 7. All Bills for raising Reve-
nue shall originate in the House of Rep-
resentatives ; but the Senate may propose
or concur with Amendments as on other
Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the
House of Representatives and the Senate,
shall, before it become a Law, be pre-
sented to the President of the United
States ; If he approve he shall sign it,
but if not he shall return it, with his
Objections to that House in which it shall
have originated, who shall enter the Ob-
jections at large on their Journal, and
proceed to reconsider it. If after such
Reconsideration two thirds of that House
shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be
sent, together with the Objections, to the

14 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

other House, by which it shall likewise
be reconsidered, and if approved by two
thirds of that House, it shall become a
Law. But in all such Cases the Votes
of both Houses shall be determined by
yeas and Nays, and the Names of the
Persons voting for and against the Bill
shall be entered on the Journal of each
House respectively. If any Bill shall not
be returned by the President within ten
Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall
have been presented to him, the Same
shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he
had signed it, unless the Congress by
their Adjournment prevent its Return, in
which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to
which the Concurrence of the Senate and
House of Representatives may be neces-
sary (except on a question of Adjourn-
ment) shall be presented to the President
of the United States ; and before the Same
shall take Effect, shall be approved by
him, or being disapproved by him, shall
be repassed by two thirds of the Senate
and House of Representatives, according
to the Rules and Limitations prescribed
in the Case of a Bill.

SECTION 8. The Congress shall have
Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties,
Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts
and provide for the common Defence and
general Welfare of the United States ;
but all duties, Imposts and Excises shall
be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow Money on the credit of the
United States ;

To regulate Commerce with foreign
Nations, and among the several States,
and with the Indian Tribes ;

To establish an uniform Rule of Nat-
uralization, and uniform Laws on the
subject of Bankruptcies throughout the
United States ;

To coin Money, regulate the Value
thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the
Standard of Weights and Measures ;

To provide for the Punishment of coun-
terfeiting the Securities and current Coin
of the United States ;

To establish Post Offices and post
Roads ;

To promote the Progress of Science
and useful Arts, by securing for limited
Times to Authors and Inventors the ex-
clusive Right to their respective Writings
and Discoveries ;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the
supreme Court ;

To define and punish Piracies and Fel-
onies committed on the high Seas, and
Offences against the Law of Nations ;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque
and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning
Captures on Land and Water ;

To raise and support Armies, but no
Appropriation of Money to that Use shall
be for a longer Terra than two Years ;

To provide and maintain a Navy ;

To make Rules for the Government and
Regulation of the land and naval Forces ;

To provide for calling forth the Militia
to execute the Laws of the Union, sup-
press Insurrections and repel Invasions ;

To provide for organizing, arming, and
disciplining, the Militia, and for govern-
ing such Part of them as may be employed
in the Service of the United States, re-
serving to the States respectively, the
Appointment of the Officers, and the
Authority of training the Militia accord-
ing to the discipline prescribed by Con-
gress ;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all
Cases whatsoever, over such District (not
exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by
Cession of particular States, and the Ac-
ceptance of Congress, become the Seat
of the Government of the United States,
and to exercise like Authority over all
Places purchased by the Consent of the
Legislature of the State in which the
Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts,
Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and
other needful Buildings 5 And

To make all Laws which shall be ne-
cessary and proper for carrying into Ex-
ecution the foregoing Powers, and all
other Powers vested by this Constitution
in the Government of the United States,
or in any Department or Officer thereof.

SECTION 9. The Migration or Importa-
tion of such Persons as any of the States
now existing shall think proper to admit,
shall not be prohibited by the Congress
prior to the Year one thousand eight hun-
dred and eight, but a Tax or duty may
be imposed on such Importation, not ex-
ceeding ten dollars for each Person.

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas
Corpus shall not be suspended, unless
when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion
the Public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto
Law shall be passed.

/ No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall
lie laid, unless in Proportion to the Cen-
sus or Enumeration herein before directed
to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Ar-
ticles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any
Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to
the Ports of one State over those of an-

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 15

other : nor shall Vessels bound to, or from,
one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or
pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the
Treasury, but in Consequence of Appro-
priations made by Law ; and a regular
Statement and Account of the Receipts
and Expenditures of all public Money
shall be published from time to time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted
by the United States : And no Person
holding any Office of Profit or Trust
under them, shall, without the Consent
of the Congress, accept of any present,
Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind
whatever, from any King, Prince, or for-
eign State.

SECTION 10. No State shall enter into
any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation 5
grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal ;
coin Money ; emit Bills of Credit ; make
any Thing but gold and silver Coin a
Tender in Payment of Debts ; pass any
Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or
Law impairing the Obligation of Con-
tracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of
the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties
on Imports or Exports, except what may
be absolutely necessary for executing its
inspection Laws : and the net Produce
of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any
State on Imports or Exports, shall be for
the Use of the Treasury of the United
States ; and all such Laws shall be sub-
ject to the Revision and Controul of the
Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of
Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep
Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace,
enter into any Agreement or Compact
with another State, or with a foreign
Power, or engage in War, unless actually
invaded, or in such imminent Danger as
will not admit of delay.

ARTICLE II.

SECTION 1. The executive Power shall
be vested in a President of the United
States of America. He shall hold his
Office during the Term of four Years,
and, together with the Vice President,
chosen for the same Term, be elected, as
follows

Each State shall appoint, in such Man-
ner as the Legislature thereof may direct,
a Number of Electors, equal to the whole
Number of Senators and Representatives
to which the State may be entitled in the
Congress : but no Senator or Representa-
tive, or Person holding an Office of Trusl

or Profit under the United States, shall be
appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respec-
ive States, and vote by Ballot for two
Persons, of whom one at least shall not
36 an Inhabitant of the same State with
themselves. And they shall make a List
of all the Persons voted for, and of the
Number of Votes for each ; which List
they shall sign and certify, and transmit
sealed to the Seat of the Government of
the United States, directed to the Presi-
dent of the Senate. The President of
the Senate shall, in the Presence of the
Senate and House of Representatives,
pen all the Certificates, and the Votes
shall then be counted. The Person hav-
ing the greatest Number of Votes shall
be the President, if such Number be a
Majority of the whole Number of Elec-
tors appointed ; and if there be more than
one who have such Majority, and have an
equal Number of Votes, then the House
of Representatives shall immediately
chuse by Ballot one of them for Presi-
dent ; and if no Person have a Majority,
then from the five highest on the List
the said House shall in like Manner chuse
the President. But in chusing the Presi-
dent, the Votes shall be taken by States,
the Representation from each State hav-
ing one Vote ; A quorum for this Purpose
shall consist of a Member or Members
from two thirds of the States, and a Ma-
jority of all the States shall be necessary
to a Choice. In every Case, after the
Choice of the President, the Person hav-
ing the greatest Number of Votes of the
Electors shall be the Vice President. But
if there should remain two or more who
have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse
from them by Ballot the Vice President.

The Congress may determine the Time
of chusing the Electors, and the Day on
which they shall give their Votes ; which
Day shall be the same throughout the
United States.

No Person except a natural born Citi-
zen, or a Citizen of the United States, at
the time of the Adoption of this Consti-
tution, shall be eligible to the Office of
President; neither shall any person be
eligible to that Office who shall not have
attained the Age of thirty five Years, and
been fourteen Years a Resident within
the United States.

In Case of the Removal of the Presi-
dent from Office, or of his Death, Resigna-
tion, or Inability to discharge the Powers
and Duties of the said Office, the Same
shall devolve on the Vice President, and
the Congress may by Law provide for the

16 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or
Inability, both of the President and Vice
President, declaring what Officer shall
then act as President, and such Officer
shall act accordingly, until the Disability
be removed, or a President shall be elected.

The President shall, at stated Times,
receive for his Services, a Compensation,
which shall neither be encreased nor
diminished during the Period for which
he shall have been elected, and he shall
not receive within that Period any other
Emolument from the United States, or
any of them.

Before he enter dn the Execution of
his Office, he shall take the following
Oath or Affirmation: "I do solemnly
swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully
execute the Office of President of the
United States, and will to the best of my
Ability, preserve, protect and defend the
Constitution of the United States."

SECTION 2. The President shall be Com-
mander in Chief of the Army and Navy
of the United States, and of the Militia
of the several States, when called into
the actual Service of the United States ;
he may require the Opinion, in writing,
of the principal Officer in each of the ex-
ecutive Departments, upon any Subject
relating to the Duties of their respective
Offices, and he shall have Power to grant
Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against
the United States, except in Cases of Im-
peachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the
Advice and Consent of the Senate, to
make Treaties, provided two thirds of the
Senators present concur ; and he shall
nominate, and by and with the Advice
and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and
Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court,
and all other Officers of the United
States, whose Appointments are not
herein otherwise provided for, and which
shall be established by Law : but the
Congress may by Law vest the Appoint-
ment of such inferior Officers, as they
think proper, in the President alone, in
the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of
Departments.

The President shall have power to fill
up all Vacancies that may happen during
the Recess of the Senate, by granting
Commissions which shall expire at the
End of their next Session.

SECTION 3. He shall from time to
time give to the Congress Information of
the State of the Union, and recommend
to their Consideration such Measures as
he shall judge necessary and expedient ;

he may, on extraordinary Occasions,
convene both Houses, or either of them,
and in Case of Disagreement between
them, with Respect to the Time of Ad-
journment, he may adjourn them to such
Time as he shall think proper ; he shall
receive Ambassadors and other public
Ministers ; he shall take Care that the
Laws be faithfully executed, and shall
Commission all the Officers of the United
States.

SECTION 4. The President, Vice Presi-
dent and all civil Officers of the United
States, shall be removed from Office on
Impeachment for, and Conviction of,
Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes
and Misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

SECTION 1. The judicial Power of the
United States, shall be vested in one
supreme Court, and in such inferior
Courts as the Congress may from time to
time ordain and establish. The Judges,
both of the supreme and inferior Courts,
shall hold their Offices during good Be-
haviour, and shall, at stated Times, re-
ceive for their Services, a Compensation,
which shall not be diminished during
their Continuance in Office.

SECTION 2. The judicial Power shall
extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity,
arising under this Constitution, the Laws
of the United States, and Treaties made,
or which shall be made, under their Au-
thority ; to all Cases affecting Ambas-
sadors, other public Ministers and Con-
suls ; to all Cases of admiralty and
maritime Jurisdiction ; to Controversies
to which theUnited States shall be a Party;
to Controversies between two or more
States ; between a State and Citizens of
another State ; between Citizens of dif-
ferent States, between Citizens of the
same State claiming Lands under Grants
of different States, and between a State,
or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States,
Citizens or Subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors,
other public Ministers and Consuls, and
those in which a State shall be Party,
the supreme Court shall have original
Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases be-
fore mentioned, the supreme Court shall
have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to
Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and
under such Regulations as the Congress
shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases
of Impeachment, shall be by Jury ; and
such Trial shall be held in the State

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Y

where the said Crimes shall have been
committed ; but when not committed
within any State, the Trial shall be at
such Place or Places as the Congress may
by Law have directed.

SECTION 8. Treason against the United
States, shall consist only in levying War
against them, or in adhering to their
Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.
No Person shall be convicted of Treason
unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses
to the same overt Act, or on Confession
in open Court.

The Congress shall have Power to
declare the Punishment of Treason, but
no Attainder of Treason shall work Cor-
ruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except
during the Life of the Person attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

SECTION 1. Full Faith and Credit shall
be given in each State to the public Acts,
Records, and judicial Proceedings of every
other State. And the Congress may by
general Laws prescribe the Manner in
which such Acts, Records and Proceed-
ings shall be proved, and the Effect
thereof.

SECTION 2. The Citizens of each State
shall be entitled to all Privileges and
Immunities of Citizens in the several
States.

A Person charged in any State with
Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who
shall flee from Justice, and be found in
another State, shall on Demand of the
executive Authority of the State from
which he fled, be delivered up, to be re-
moved to the State having Jurisdiction
of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour
in one State, under the Laws thereof,
esqaping into another, shall, in Conse-
quence of any Law or Regulation therein,
be discharged from such Service or La-
bour, but shall be delivered up on Claim
of the party to whom such Service or
Labour may be due.

SECTION 3. New States may be admit-
ted by the Congress into this Union ; but
no new State shall be formed or erected
within the Jurisdiction of any other
State ; nor any State be formed by the
Junction of two or more States, or Parts
of States, without the Consent of the
Legislatures of the States concerned as
well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have Power to dis-
pose of and make all needful Rules and
Regulations respecting the Territory or
other Property belonging to the United

States ; and nothing in this Constitution
shall be so construed as to Prejudice any
Claims of the United States, or of any
particular State.

SECTION 4. The United States shall
guarantee to every State in this Union a
Republican Form of Government, and
shall protect each of them against In-
vasion 5 and on Application of the Legis-
lature, or of the Executive (when the
Legislature cannot be convened) against
domestic Violence.

ARTICLE V.

The Congress, whenever two thirds of
both Houses shall deem it necessary,
shall propose Amendments to this Con-
stitution, or, on the Application of the
Legislatures of two thirds of the several
States, shall call a Convention for pro-
posing Amendments, which, in either
Case, shall be valid to all Intents and
Purposes, as Part of this Constitution,
when ratified by the Legislatures of three
fourths of the several States, or by Con-
ventions in three fourths thereof, as the
one or the other Mode of Ratification
may be proposed by the Congress ; Pro-
vided that no Amendment which may be
made prior to the Year One thousand
eight hundred and eight shall in any
Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses
in the Ninth Section of the first Article ;
and that no State, without its Consent,
shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in
the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

All Debts contracted and Engagements
entered into, before the Adoption of this
Constitution, shall be as valid against the
United States under this Constitution, as
under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the
United States which shall be made in
Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties
made, or which shall be made, under the
Authority of the United States, shall be
the supreme Law of the Land ; and the
Judges in every State shall be bound
thereby, any Thing in the Constitution
or Laws of any State to the Contrary
notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives be-
fore mentioned, and the Members of the
several State Legislatures, and all execu-
tive and judicial Officers, both of the
United States and of the several States,
shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation,
to support this Constitution ; but no re-

18 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

ligious Test shall ever be required as a
Qualification to any Office or public Trust
under the United States.

ARTICLE VII.

The Ratification of the Conventions of
nine States, shall be sufficient for the
Establishment of this Constitution be-
tween the States so ratifying the Same.

DONE in Convention by the Unanimous
Consent of the States present the Seven-
teenth Day of September in the Year of
our Lord one thousand seven hundred
and Eighty seven and of the Independ-
ence of the United States of America
the Twelfth In Witness whereof We
have hereunto subscribed our Names,

G: WASHINGTON
Presidt. and deputy from Virginia

NEW HAMPSHIRE.
JOHN LANGDON
NICHOLAS GILMAN

MASSACHUSETTS.

NATHANIEL GORHAM
RUFUS KING

CONNECTICUT.

WM. SAML. JOHNSON
ROGER SHERMAN

NEW YORK.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON

NEW JERSEY.

WIL: LIVINGSTON
DAVID BREARLEY.
WM. PATERSON.
JONA : DAYTON

PENSYLVANIA.
B. FRANKLIN
THOMAS MIFFLIN
ROBT. MORRIS.
GEO. CLYMER
THOS. FITZSIMONS
JARED INGERSOLL
JAMES WILSON
Gouv MORRIS

DELAWARE.
GEO : READ

GUNNING BEDFORD Jun
JOHN DICKINSON
RICHARD BASSETT
JACO : BROOM

MARYLAND.
JAMES MC!IENRY
DAN OF ST THOS. JENIFER
DANL. CARROLL

VIRGINIA.
JOHN BLAIR
JAMES MADISON Jr.

NORTH CAROLINA.
WM. BLOUNT
RICHD. DOBBS SPAIGHT
Hu WILLIAMSON

SOUTH CAROLINA.
J. RUTLEDGE

CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY
CHARLES PINCKNEY
PIERCE BUTLER.

GEORGIA.
WILLIAM FEW
ABR BALDWIN .

Attest

WILLIAM JACKSON
Secretary

The Word, " the", being interlined be-
tween the seventh and eighth Lines of
the first Page, The Word " Thirty" being
partly written on an Erazure in the fif-
teenth Line of the first Page, The Words
"is tried" being interlined between the
thirty second and thirty third Lines of
the first Page and the Word " the" being
interlined between the forty third and
forty fourth Lines of the second Page.

[NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
The foregoing explanation in the original
instrument is placed on the left of the
paragraph beginning with the words,
" Done in Convention," and therefore
precedes the signatures. The interlined
and re-written words, mentioned in it,
are in this edition printed in their proper
places in the text.]

ARTICLES

IN ADDITION TO AND AMENDMENT OP

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

PROPOSED BY CONGRESS,

AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES, PURSUANT TO THE
FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE I.

Congress shall make no law respecting
an establishment of religion, or prohibit-
ing the free exercise thereof; or abridg-
ing the freedom of speech, or of the press ;
or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the Government
for a redress of grievances.

ARTICLE II.

A well regulated Militia, being neces-
sary to the security of a free State, the
right of the people to keep and bear Arms
shall not be infringed.

ARTICLE III.

No Soldier shall, in time of peace, be
quartered in any house, without the con-
sent of the Owner, nor in time of war,
but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE IV.

The right of the people to be secure in
their persons, houses, papers, and effects,
against unreasonable searches and seiz-
ures, shall not be violated, and no War-
rants shall issue, but upon probable cause,
supported by Oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be
searched, and the persons or things to be
seized.

ARTICLE V.

No person shall be held to answer for
a capital, or otherwise infamous crime,

unless on a presentment or indictment of
a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in
the land or naval forces, or in the Militia,
when in actual service in time of War
or public danger ; nor shall any person
be subject for the same offence to be twice
put in jeopardy of life o.r limb; nor
shall be compelled in any Criminal Case
to be a witness against himself, nor be
deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law ; nor shall
private property be taken for public use,
without just compensation.

ARTICLE VI.

In all criminal prosecutions, the ac-
cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy
and public trial, by an impartial jury of
the State and district wherein the crime
shall have been committed, which dis-
trict shall have been previously ascer-
tained by law, and to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation ; to
be confronted with the witnesses against
him ; to have compulsory process for ob-
taining Witnesses in his favor, and to
have the Assistance of Counsel for his>
defence.

ARTICLE VII.

In suits at common law, where the
value in controversy shall exceed twenty
dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury
shall be otherwise re-examined in any
Court of the United States, than accord-
ing to the rules of the common law.

20 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive bail shall not be required,
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
and unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration in the Constitution,
of certain rights, shall not be construed
to deny or disparage others retained by
-the people.

ARTICLE X.

The powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited
by it to the States, are reserved to the
States respectively, or to the people.

ARTICLE XI.

The Judicial power of the United
States shall not be construed to extend
to any suit in law or equity, commenced
or prosecuted against one of the United
States by Citizens of another State, or
by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign
State.

ARTICLE XII.

The Electors shall meet in their re-
spective States, and vote by ballot for
President and Vice-President, one of
whom, at least, shall not be an inhabi-
tant of the same State with themselves ;
they shall name in their ballots the per-
son voted for as President, and in distinct
ballots the person voted for as Vice-Presi-
dent, and they shall make distinct lists
of all persons voted for as President, and
of all persons voted for as Vice-President,
and of the number of votes for each,
which lists they shall sign and certify,
and transmit sealed to the seat of the gov-
ernment of the United States, directed to
the President of the Senate ;-^The Presi-
dent of the Senate shall, in the presence
of the Senate and House of Representa-
tives, open all the certificates and the
votes shall then be counted ; The per-
son having the greatest number of votes
for President, shall be the President, if
such number be a majority of the whole
number of Electors appointed ; and if no
person have such majority, then from the
persons having the highest numbers not
exceeding three on the list of those voted
for as President, the House of Repre-
sentatives shall choose immediately, by
ballot, the President. But in choosing

the President, the votes shall be taken
by States, the representation from each
state having one vote ; a quorum for this
purpose shall consist of a member or
members from two-thirds of the States,
and a majority of all the States shall be
necessary to a choice. And if the House
of Representatives shall not choose a
President whenever the right of choice
shall devolve upon them, before the fourth
day of March next following, then the
Vice-President shall act as President, as
in the case of the death or other consti-
tutional disability of the President. The
person having the greatest number of
votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-
President, if such number be a majority
of the whole number of Electors ap-
pointed, and if no person have a majority,
then from the two highest numbers on
the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-
President; a quorum for the purpose
shall consist of two-thirds of the whole
number of Senators, and a majority of
the whole number shall be necessary to
a choice. But no person constitutionally
ineligible to the office of President shall
be eligible to that of Vice-President of
the United States.

ARTICLE XIII.

SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor invol
untary servitude, except as a punishment
for crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted, shall exist within
the United States, or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.

SECTION 2. Congress shall have power
to enforce this article by appropriate legis-
lation.

ARTICLE XIV.

SECTION 1. All persons born or natu-
ralized in the United States, and subject
to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of
the United States and of the State wherein
they reside. No State shall make or en-
force any law which shall abridge the
privileges or immunities of citizens of the
United States ; nor shall any State de-
prive any person of life, liberty, or pro-
perty, without due process of law ; nor
deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.

SECTION 2. Representatives shall be
apportioned among the several States
according to their respective numbers,
counting the whole number of persons in
each State, excluding Indians not taxed.
But when the right to vote at any election

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 21

for the choice of electors for President
and Vice President of the United States,
Representatives in Congress, the Execu-
tive and Judicial officers of a State, or the
members of the Legislature thereof, is
denied to any of the male inhabitants of
such State, being twenty-one years of age,
and citizens of the United States, or in
any way abridged, except for participa-
tion in rebellion, or other crime, the basis
of representation therein shall be reduced
in the proportion which the number of
such male citizens shall bear to the whole
number of male citizens twenty-one years
of age in such State.

SECTION 3. No person shall be a Sen-
ator or Representative in Congress, or
elector of President and Vice President,
or hold any office, civil or military, under
the United States, or under any State,
who, having previously taken an oath,
as a member of Congress, or as an officer
of the United States, or as a member of
any State legislature, or as an executive
or judicial officer of any State, to support
the Constitution of the United States,
shall have engaged in insurrection or re-
bellion against the same, or given aid or
comfort to the enemies thereof. But

Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of
each House, remove such disability.

SECTION 4. The validity of the public
debt of the United States, authorized by
law, including debts incurred for pay-
ment of pensions and bounties for services
in suppressing insurrection or rebellion,
shall not be questioned. But neither the
United States nor any State shall assume
or pay any debt or obligation incurred in
aid of insurrection or rebellion against
the United States, or any claim for the
loss or emancipation of any slave ; but
all such debts, obligations and claims
shall be held illegal and void.

SECTION 5. The Congress shall have
power to enforce, by appropriate legisla-
tion, the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.

SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States or by
any State on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude.

SECTION 2. The Congress shall have
power to enforce this article by appropri-
ate legislation.

THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.

THE location for the permanent seat of
government was finally decided in July,
1790, when the present site was selected.
President Washington advocated this site,
which fact had great weight with Con-
gress.

The States of Virginia and Maryland
ceded to the general government territory
embracing an area of ten miles square,
including the cities of Georgetown and
Alexandria, and donated $170,000 for the
improvement of the capital.

Congress appointed a commission to
make purchases of land from individuals,
and to define the boundaries and erect
the necessary buildings. On the 15th of
April, 1791, this commission laid the cor-
ner-stone of the District at Jones' Point,
near Alexandria, and named the territory
the District of Columbia, and the capital
city Washington. In June, 1800, the
necessary buildings were ready for occu-
pancy. The public offices were immedi-
ately removed from Philadelphia, and on
the third Monday of November following
Congress held its first session in Wash-
ington. On the 27th of February, 1801,
Congress formally assumed jurisdiction
over the District of Columbia. In July,
1846, Congress ceded back to the State
of Virginia the territory donated by her,
embracing the city and county of Alex-
andria, which reduce.d the area to about
sixty square miles.

Under the direction of President Wash-
ington the plan of the city of Washing-
ton was laid out by Major Peter Charles
L'Enfant, a French engineer, who had

served in our Continental army, whose
work was followed up and completed by
Andrew Ellicott. Ellicott drew a merid-
ional line, by astronomical observation,
through the area intended for the Capitol ;
this he crossed by another, a due East
and West line, and upon these bases laid
off two sets of streets, intersecting each
other at right angles. The streets run-
ning East and West were named with the
letters of the alphabet, and those North
and South were given numerical names.
Another set of streets was then laid off,
called Avenues, which cut the streets at
various angles, and connected the most
prominent points of the city. The inter-
sections of the avenues with one another
and the streets leave large open spaces,
upon some of which the public buildings
are erected, and the others are so embel-
lished as to form beautiful parks. The
avenues bear the names of the States in
the Union, and are 160 feet in width,
with a few exceptions, which are 120 and
130 feet; the streets are from 80 to 110
feet. The city is about four and a half
miles in length and two and a half in
breadth.

Washington is situated on the eastern
bank of the Potomac River, 106J statute
miles above its mouth, and about 185J
miles from Cape Henry, at the mouth of
Chesapeake Bay.

By the United States census of 1880,
the population of the District was 177,638 ;
of Washington, 147,307; of Georgetown,
12,578; of the county, 17,753.

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

THIS Department consists of a Senate
and House of Representatives.

Two Senators represent each State, and
there being now thirty-eight States, the
Senate is composed of seventy-six Sena-
tors.

TIME AND MANNER OF ELECTING
SENATORS.

The Legislature of each State which is
chosen next preceding the expiration of
.the time for which any Senator was
elected, on the second Tuesday after
-meeiw^g proceeds to elect a Senator. A
viva-voce vote is taken in each house of
the Legislature, and the name of the per-
son receiving a majority of the whole
number of votes cast is entered on the
journal.

At twelve o'clock, next day, the mem-
bers of each house convene in joint as-
sembly, and if the same person has re-
ceived a majority of votes in both houses
he is declared elected. But if not, the
joint assembly proceeds to choose, and
the person receiving a majority of all the
votes, a majority of all the members
elected to both houses being present and
voting, is elected.

If on the first day no election is made,
the joint assembly meets on each succeed-
ing day, and must take at least one vote
until a Senator is elected.

THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES con-
sists of two hundred and ninety-three
Representatives and eight Delegates, ap-
portioned among the States and Terri-
tories as follows : Maine, 5 ; New Hamp-
shire, 3 ; Vermont, 3 ; Massachusetts, 11 ;
Rhode Island, 2; Connecticut, 4; New
York, 33 ; New Jersey, 7 ; Pennsylvania,
27 ; Delaware, 1 ; Maryland, 6; Virginia,
9; North Carolina, 8; South Carolina, 5;
Georgia, 9 ; Alabama, 8; Mississippi, 6;
Louisiana, 6; Ohio, 20; Kentucky, 10;
Tennessee, 10; Indiana, 13; Illinois, 19;
Missouri, 13; Arkansas, 4; Michigan, 9;
Florida, 2 ; Texas, 6 ; Iowa, 9 ; Wiscon-

sin, 8 ; California, 4 ; Minnesota, 3 ; Ore-
gon, 1 ; Kansas, 3 ; West Virginia, 3 ;
Nevada, 1; Nebraska, 1; Colorado, 1.
There is one Delegate from each of the
following Territories: Arizona, Dakota,
Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.

Representatives in Congress are elected*
by ballot in districts composed of con-
tiguous territory, and containing as nearly
as practicable an equal number of inhabi-
tants. The day for electing Congressmen
is the Tuesday next after the first Monday^
in November, every second year. Dele-"
gates from the Territories are elected by a
majority of the votes of the qualified voters
of the Territories respectively. They have
seats in the House, with the right of de-
bating, but not of voting. Each Senator,
Representative, and Delegate receives a
compensation of $5000 a year. The Pres-
ident of the Senate (who is Vice-President
of the United States) and the Speaker of
the House, $8000 a year each. Senators,
Representatives, and Delegates are also
allowed actual individual travelling ex-
penses from their homes to the seat of
Government and return, once in each
session.

The following officers, clerks, and other
employes are in the service of Congress,
with the annual compensation, when not
otherwise stated, set opposite each :

SENATE.

Secretary of the Senate $4896.00

Chief clerk 3000.00

Principal clerk 2592.00

Principal executive clerk 2592.00

Minute and journal clerk 2592.00

Financial clerk and enrolling clerk,

each 2592.00

Librarian 2220.00

Assistant librarian 1440.00

6 clerks in Secretary's office, each 2220.00

5 <' " " 2100.00

Keeper of the stationery 2102.40

Assistant " " 1800.00

2 messengers, each 1296.00

4 laborers in Secretary's office, each.... 720.00

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

1 special policeman $1296.00

Chaplain of the Senate 900.00

Secretary to the Vice-President 2102.40

Messenger to the Vice-President's room 1440.00
Clerk to Committee on Appropriations 2500.00
Assistant clerk " " 1600.00

Clerk of printing records 2220.00

Clerk to Committee on Finance 2220.00

Clerk to Committee on Claims 2220.00

Clerk to Committee on Commerce 2220.00

Clerk to Committee on the Judiciary.. 2220.00
Clerk to Com. on Private Land Claims 2220.00
Clerk to Committee on Naval Affairs... 2220.00

Clerk to Committee on Pensions 2220.00

Clerk to Committee on Military Affairs 2220.00
Clerk to Committee on Post-Offices and

Post-Roads 2220.00

Clerk to Comm. on Dist. of Columbia.. 2220.00
Clerk to Joint Com on the Library... 2220.00

Clerk to Committee on the Census 2220.00

Sergeant-at-Arms and Doorkeeper 4320.00

Clerk to the Sergeant-at-Arms 2000.00

Assistant doorkeeper 2592.00

Acting assistant doorkeeper 2592.00

3 acting assistant doorkeepers, each... 1800.00

Postmaster to the Senate 2250.00

Assistant postmaster and mail-carrier. 2088.00

4 mail -carriers, each 1200.00

Superintendent document-room 2160.00

2 assistants in -" " each... 1440.00

1 page in " 720.00

Superintendent of folding-room 2160.00

1 assistant in " " 1200.00

24 messengers (asst. doorkeepers), each 1440.00

1 messenger to Committee on Appro-
priations 1440.00

Messenger in charge of store-room 1200.00

Messenger in official reporter's room.. 1200.00
Chief engineer 2160.00

3 assistant engineers, each 1440.00

Conductor of elevator 1200.00

2 firemen, each 1095.00

3 laborers in engineer's department,

each 720.00

8 skilled laborers, each 1000.00

12 laborers, each 720.00

12 laborers during session, at the rate

of, each 720.00

1 laborer in charge of private passage 840.00
1 female employe in charge of ladies'

retiring-room 720.00

1 telegraph operator 1200.00

22 clerks to committees during ses-
sions, each at $6 per diem.
14 pages for the Senate Chamber ;

3 riding pages; and

1 page for the office of the Secretary,
at the rate of $2.50 per day each
when employed.

4 folders, at $3 per day each when em-
ployed.

Twenty-five thousand dollars each ses-
sion is appropriated for reporting the de-
bates and proceedings of the Senate.

CAPITOL POLICE.

1 captain $1600.00

3 lieutenants, each 1200 00

21 privates, each 1100.00

8 watchmen, each 900.00

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Clerk of the House $4500.00

Chief clerk 3000.00

Journal clerk 3000.00

2 reading clerks, each 3000.00

Tally clerk 3000.00

Disbursing clerk 2250.00

File clerk 2250.00

Printing and bill clerk 2500.00

Enrolling clerk 2250.00

Assistant to chief clerk 2000.00

Assistant disbursing clerk 2000.00

Resolution and petition clerk 2000.00

Newspaper clerk 2000.00

Superintendent of document-room 2000.00

Index clerk 2000.00

Librarian 2000.00

Distributing clerk 1800.00

Stationery clerk 1800.00

Document clerk 1440.00

Upholsterer 1440.00

Locksmith 1440.00

2 assistant librarians, each 1440.00

1 page, per month 60.00

1 book-keeper 1600.00

4 clerks, each 1600.00

1 laborer in bath-room 720.00

4 laborers, each 720.00

1 telegraph operator 720.00

Clerk to Committee on Ways and

Means 2500.00

Assistant clefk to Committee on Ways

and Means 1200.00

1 messenger to Committee on Ways and

Means 1000.00

Clerk to Committee on Appropriations 2500.00
1 messenger to Committee on Appro-
priations . 1000.00

Assistant clerk to Committee on Ap-
propriations 1600.00

Clerk to Committee on Claims 2000.00

Clerk to Committee on Public Lands.. 2000.00
Clerk to Committee on War Claims.... 2000.00
Clerk to Committee on Invalid Pen-
sions 2000.00

Clerk to Committee on Judiciary 2000.00

Clerk to Committee on District of Co-
lumbia 2000.00

Assistant clerk to Committee on War

Claims 1600.00

Private secretary to the Speaker 1800.00

Clerk at Speaker's table 1600.00

Clerk to the Speaker 1400.00

Sergeant-at-Arms of the House 4000.00

Clerk to " " " 2100.00

Paying teller for " " 2000.00

Messenger " " " 1200.00

1 laborer " " 660.00

1 page, per month 60.00

Doorkeeper 2500.00

Assistant doorkeeper 2000.00

Clerk for " 1200.00

Janitor 1200.00

Chief engineer 1700.00

2 assistant engineers, each 1200.00

1 electrician 1150.00

1 laborer 820.00

5 firemen, each 900.00

2 messengers in the House Library,

per day 3.60

HOW LAWS ABE ENACTED.

Superintendent of folding-room $2000.00

1 clerk in folding-room 1800.00

2 clerks " " 1200.00

Superintendent of document-room 2000.00

Chief assistant in " " 2000.00

Document file clerk 1400.00

14 messengers on " Soldiers' roll," pro-
vided said messengers served in the
Union army, each 1200.00

8 messengers, each 1200.00

10 " " 1000.00

7 laborers, " 720.00

10 " during the session, at the

rate of, each 720.00

1 laborer 840.00

2 laborers, each 600.00

8 " " cloak-room men," each

per month, during the session 50.00

1 female attendant, ladies' retiring-
room 600.00

Postmaster 2500.00

First assistant postmaster 2000.00

8 messengers, each 1200.00

4 " during the session, at

rate of, each 800.00

1 laborer 720.00

Chaplain of the House 900.00

2 stenographers for committees, each.. 5000.00

5 official reporters of the proceedings

and debates of the House, each 5000.00

Compiler of the general index qf the

journals of Congress 2500.00

32 clerks to committees, during the

session, $6 per day each.
1 journal clerk for preparing digest of

the rules 1000.00

29 pages, when employed, per day,

each 2.50

1 foreman of folding-room 1500.00

15 folders, each 720.00

10 " " 900.00

5 " " 840.00

1 messenger 1200.00

1 folder in sealing-room 1200.00

1 page 500.00

1 laborer.... . 400.00

HOW LAWS ARE ENACTED.

Every act in its incipient stage is called
a bill.

All bills may originate in either house
except revenue bills. The Constitution
requires that they must originate in the
House of Representatives. Bills may be
introduced by individual members, on
leave, or by the report of a committee :
and by the rules of the House of Repre-
sentatives the States are called for the
introduction of bills on Mondays, when
every member may present one or more
bills. They are required to be read three
times in each house, on tfiree different
days, unless two-thirds of the house agree
to dispense with the rule. The first read-
ing is for information only ; and if there
be any opposition, the question is upon

the rejection of the bill. If not opposed
or rejected it passes to a second reading,
and the question is then upon its commit-
ment or engrossment. If committed, it
is either to a standing or select committee,
consisting of a few, or to a general com-
mittee of the whole house.

Bills of great importance are usually
discussed in committee of the whole, be-
cause greater freedom of debate is there
allowed than when the same persons are
sitting as a house.

In the House of Representatives all
bills appropriating money, or that involve
an expenditure from the treasury, must
be considered in committee of the whole.
After discussion in committee, the bill is
reported back to the House, with or with-
out amendment. If with amendments,
they are acted upon in the House, and
others may there be offered. When the
bill has in this way become sufficiently
matured, the question is upon its engross-
ment for a third reading, by which is
meant the copying of it in a fair hand.
After engrossment, amendments are
rarely offered. A clause is, however, some-
times offered by way of rider. After the
third reading the question is upon its
final passage. If it pass it is signed by
the presiding officer and transmitted to
the other house, where it goes through a
similar routine. If amendments are
made, then it is sent back for concur-
rence ; and in case of disagreement com-
mittees of conference are appointed, who
meet together and aim to come to some
agreement, one side yielding something
to the other, and thereby arriving at a
sort of compromise. The conference com-
mittees then report their agreements to
their respective houses. When it has
thus passed both houses it is delivered to
a joint committee for enrollment, who see
that it is correctly copied. It is then
signed by the presiding officers (the Pres-
ident of the Senate and the Speaker of
the House) of the two houses. Now it
has another ordeal to pass before consum-
mation, and that is the scrutiny of the
President of the United States. The bill
is sent to him for approval, and if he ap-
proves it he signs it. If not, he sends it
back to the house where it originated,
with his objections, in a communication
commonly called a veto message, which
objections are entered on its journal.
The bill is then reconsidered, and the
question then is, u Shall the bill pass not-
withstanding the objections of the Presi-
dent?" If it pass by two-thirds of both
houses it becomes a law over the veto of

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

the President. The President has ten
days in which to consider a bill, and if
he does not return it within that period,
unless Congress prevent him by adjourn-
ment, it becomes a law without his sig-
nature. The veto power, thus qualified,
extends to every order, resolution, or
vote to which the concurrence of the two
houses is necessary.

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

The following analysis of the annual
appropriation bills has been prepared for
the purpose of assisting members of Con-
gress, Government officers, and others in
ascertaining specifically the objects for
which the several appropriations are
made. It will be understood that the
objects appropriated for will, to some
extent, differ from year to year in the
several bills.

LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND
JUDICIAL BILL.

Senate : compensation of Capitol po-
lice, employes, officers, and Senators.
Contingent expenses, directory of Con-
gress, folding documents, folding mate-
rial, fuel and oil for heating apparatus,
furniture and repairs of furniture, horses
and wagons for carrying the mail, mile-
age of Senators, packing-boxes, and re-
porting debates.

House of Representatives : compensa-
tion of clerks, delegates, employes, and
members of Congress. Cartage, folding
documents, folding material, fuel and oil
for heating apparatus, furniture and re-
pairs of furniture, horses and wagons for
carrying the mails, mileage of members
of Congress and delegates, miscellaneous
items, newspapers, packing-boxes, post-
age-stamps, reporting debates, and sta-
tionery.

Public printing: compensation of
clerks, public printer, and contingent
expenses.

Library of Congress : compensation of
assistants in Botanic Garden, assistant
librarians, laborers in Botanic Garden,
librarian, and superintendent of Botanic
Garden. Books, books of reference for
Supreme Court, contingent expenses of
library, copyright business, exchange of
public documents with foreign govern-
ments, improving Botanic Garden, for
manure, tools, etc. ; periodicals and
newspapers.

Executive : compensation of assistant
secretary, clerks and employes, President
of the United States, private secretary,

and Vice-President of the United States.
Contingent expenses.

State Department: compensation of
assistant secretaries of state, chiefs of
bureaus, chief clerk, clerks and other
employe's, lithographer, and Secretary of
State. Contingent expenses, editing and
distributing United States statutes, and
lithographic press materials.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

Bureau of Engraving and Printing:
compensation of accountant, assistant
chief, chief of bureau, clerks and other
employes, and stenographer.

Bureau of Statistics : compensation of
chief of bureau, chief clerk, clerks and
other employes; expert services relating
to internal and foreign commerce.

Commissioners of Customs : compensa-
tion of commissioner, clerks and other
employes, and deputy commissioner.

Commissioners of Internal Revenue :
compensation of agents, clerks, collect-
ors, commissioner, deputy commissioner,
heads of divisions, stenographer, and
storekeepers. Detecting, trial, and pun-
ishment of persons violating internal
revenue laws ; dies, paper, and stamps ;
gaugers' fees and expenses ; information
and detection, payment for.

Comptroller of the Currency : compen-
sation of book-keeper of national cur-
rency, chiefs of divisions, clerks and other
employes, comptroller, deputy comptrol-
ler, superintendent of national currency,
and teller. Special examination of na-
tional banks and bank-plates.

Fifth Auditor: compensation of au-
ditor, chiefs of divisions, clerks and other
employes, and deputy auditor.

First Auditor : compensation of au-
ditor, chiefs of divisions, clerks and other
employe's, and deputy auditor.

First Comptroller: compensation of
chiefs of divisions, clerks and other em-
ployes, comptroller and deputy comp-
troller.

Fourth Auditor: compensation of au-
ditor, chiefs of divisions, clerks and other
employes, and deputy auditor.

Life-Saving Service Office: compensa-
tion of assistant general superintendent,
clerks aad other employes, general su-
perintendent, and principal clerk and
accountant.

Light-House Board : compensation of
chief clerk, clerks, and other employes.

Register of the Treasury : compensa-
tion of assistant register, chiefs of divis-
ions, clerks and other employes, and
register.

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

Second Auditor : compensation of au-
ditor, chiefs of divisions, clerks and other
employes, and deputy auditor.

Second Comptroller : compensation of
chiefs of divisions, clerks and other em-
ploye's, comptroller and deputy comp-
troller.

Secretary's Office : compensation of as-
sistant chiefs of divisions, assistant secre-
taries, chief clerk, chiefs of divisions,
clerks and other employe's, disbursing
clerks, secretary, and stenographer to the
secretary.

Sixth Auditor: compensation of au-
ditor, chiefs of divisions, clerks and other
employes, and deputy auditor.

Supervising Architect's Office : com-
pensation of assistant and chief clerk,
clerks and other employes, photographer,
and supervising architect.

Third Auditor: compensation of au-
ditor, chiefs of divisions, clerks and other
employes, and deputy auditor.

Treasurer of the United States : com-
pensation of assistant cashier, assistant
teller, assistant treasurer, book-keepers,
cashier, chief clerk, chiefs of divisions,
clerks and other employe's, superintend-
ent redeeming national currency, teller,
and treasurer.

Contingent expenses : alcohol, awn-
ings and fixtures, axes, baskets, bel-
lows, bells and bell-pulls, belting (gurn
and other kinds), blowers, book-rests,
books, bowls and pitchers, boxes, brooms,
brushes, buckets, cane, candles, candle-
sticks, canvas, care of grounds, carpets
(repairs and laying), car-tickets, cases
for files, chamois-skins, chair-covers and
caning, chairs, chisels, clocks and repairs,
cloth, cloth for covering desks, coal, coal-
hods, cotton, crash, cushions, desks, dust-
ers, door- and window-fasteners, express-
age, file-holders, files, flour, freight,
gas-brackets, gas-burners, gas drop-lights
and tubing, gas globes, grate-baskets and
fixtures, grates, hammers, hand-saws,
hand-stamps and repairs, hearths, horses,
care and subsistence; ice and ice-picks,
investigation of accounts and records,
keys, labor, lanterns, leather, locks, lye,
machinery and repairs of, mallets, marine
(cancelled) papers, arranging and bind-
ing: matches and match-safes, matting,
repairs and laying; nails, newspapers, oil,
oilcloth, repairs and laying ; pokers, post-
age, powders, rent of buildings, repairs
of furniture, rugs, screws, shelving,
ships' registers, sealing of; shovels, soap,
spittoons, sponges, stationery, stencil-
plates, stoves and fixtures, tables, tacks,
telegrams, thermometers, tongs, tools,

towels, washing and hemming ; traps,
tumblers, turpentine, varnish, ventilators,
wall-paper, wagons, water-coolers, whet-
stones, wicks, window-shades and fix-
tures, wire, wire-screens, wood, and zinc.

Independent Treasury.

Baltimore, compensation of assistant
treasurer, chief clerk, clerks, and other
employe's.

Boston, compensation of assistant treas-
urer, chief clerk, clerks, tellers, messen-
gers, and other employes.

Chicago, compensation of assistant
treasurer, cashier, clerks, tellers, and
other employes.

Cincinnati, compensation of assistant
treasurer, book-keeper, cashier, clerks,
and other employes.

New Orleans, compensation of assistant
treasurer, book-keeper, cashier, clerks,
teller, and other employe's.

New York, compensation of assistant
treasurer, cashier and chief clerk, chiefs
of divisions, clerks, deputy assistant
treasurer, messengers, and other em-
ployed.

Philadelphia, compensation of assistant
treasurer, book-keeper, cashier and chief
clerk, clerks, and other employes.

Saint Louis, compensation of assistant
treasurer, book-keeper, chief clerk and
teller, clerks, and other employe's.

San Francisco, compensation of assist-
ant treasurer, book-keeper, cashier,
clerks, and other employes.

Tucson (depository), compensation of
depositary.

Contingent expenses : certificates of
deposits, checks, check-books ; collection,
safe-keeping, transfer, and disbursement
of public moneys ; pay of special agents
to examine books, accounts, moneys, etc.,
of sub-treasuries; transportation of notes,
bonds, and other securities.

United States Mints.

Office of the Director : salary of assay
clerk, assayer, clerks and other employe's,
director, and examiner.

Contingent expenses : balances, books,
chemicals for assay laboratory, examina-
tion of mints, fuel for assay laboratory,
freight on bullion and coin, materials for
assay laboratory, parting and refining
bullion, pamphlets, periodicals, specimens
of coins and ores, and weights.

At Carson, salary of adjusters, assayer,
assayer's clerk, book-keeper, cashier, chief
clerk, coiner, computing clerk, melter and
refiner, superintendent, voucher clerk,

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

weigh clerk, workmen. Incidental and
contingent expenses.

At Denver, salary of assayer in charge,
assistant assayer, chief clerk, clerks,
melter, and workmen. Incidental and
contingent expenses.

At New Orleans, salary of adjusters,
assayer, assayer 1 s clerk, book-keeper,
cashier, chief clerk, coiner, deposit clerk,
melter and refiner, superintendent, weigh
clerk, and workmen. Incidental and con-
tingent expenses ; repairs and ma-
chinery.

Philadelphia, salary of adjusters, as-
sayer, assistant assayer. assistant coiner,
assistant melter and refiner, book-keeper,
cashier, chief clerk, clerk, coiner, deposit
clerk, engraver, melter, refiner, superin-
tendent, weigh clerk, and workmen. In-
cidental and contingent expenses.

San Francisco, salary of adjusters,
assayer, cashier, chief clerk, clerks,
coiner, melter and refiner, superintend-
ent, and workmen. Incidental and con-
tingent expenses.

United States Assay Offices.

Bois City, Idaho, salary of assayer and
clerk. Incidental and contingent ex-
penses, including labor.

Charlotte, North Carolina, salary of
assayer and melter and assistant as-
sayer. Incidental and contingent ex-
penses, including labor.

Helena, Montana Territory, salary of
assayer in charge, clerk, melter, and work-
men. Incidental and contingent ex-
penses.

New York, N. Y., salary of assayer,
assayer's first assistant, assayer's second
assistant, assayer's third assistant, as-
sistant weigh clerk, bar clerk, calculating
clerk, chief clerk, melter and refiner,
paying clerk, superintendent, warrant
clerk, weighing clerk, and wages of
workmen. Incidental and contingent
expenses.

Government in the Territories: Ari-
zona, Dakota, Idaho, Montana, New
Mexico, Utah, Washington, and Wyom-
ing, salaries of associate judges, chief
justices, clerks of legislative assemblies,
governors, interpreter in Arizona, in-
terpreter and translator in New Mexico,
members of legislative assemblies and
mileage, messengers for secretaries' of-
fices, officers of legislative assemblies, and
secretaries. Contingent expenses of offi-
cers and clerks, and contingent expenses
of the Territories, to be expended by the
governors ; fuel, incidentals of legislative

assemblies, light, printing, rent, and sta-
tionery.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

Secretary's Office: compensation of
chief clerk, chiefs of divisions, clerks and
other employes, disbursing clerk, Secre-
tary of War, and stenographer. Contin-
gent expenses ; rebel archives, examining
and copying of.

Adjutant-General's Office: compensa-
tion of chief clerk, clerks, and other em-
ployes. Contingent expenses ; contingent
expenses old Navy Department building,
namely, cleaning, fuel, heating appa-
ratus, incidental items, labor, light, and
matting.

Inspector-General's Office : compensa-
tion of assistant messenger and clerk.

Bureau of Military Justice : compen-
sation of assistant messenger, chief clerk,
and clerks. Contingent expenses.

Signal Office : compensation of assistant
messenger and clerks.

Quartermaster-General's Office: com-
pensation of chief clerk, clerks, and other
employes. Contingent expenses.

Commissary-General's Office: compen-
sation of chief clerk, clerks, and other
employes. Contingent expenses.

Surgeon-General's Office: compensa-
tion of anatomist, chief clerk, clerks, and
other employes. Contingent expenses,
namely : blank books, fuel, furniture,
gas. incidentals, rent, repairs, and sta-
tionery.

Office of Chief of Ordnance : compen-
sation of chief clerk, clerks, and other
employes. Contingent expenses, namely :
books, professional, for library ; carpets,
envelopes, express charges, furniture, in-
cidentals, matting, newspapers, oil-cloth,
pamphlets, stationery, telegrams, and
wrapping paper.

Paymaster-General's Office : compensa-
tion of chief clerk, clerks, and other em-
ploy6s. Contingent expenses.

Office of Chief of Engineers : compen-
sation of chief clerk, clerks, and other
employes. Contingent expenses, namely,
books and maps, professional, furniture
for office, incidental expenses, and sta-
tionery.

War Department Buildings: compen-
sation of assistant engineer, charwomen,
conductor of elevator, engineer, firemen,
laborers, and superintendent of building.
Fuel and miscellaneous items, gas, labor,
light, matting, oil-cloth, postage-stamps
for mail matter to countries composing
postal union, rent, repairs of heating and

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

ventilating apparatus, ventilating appa-
ratus, operating of.

Public Buildings and Grounds: com-
pensation of bridge-keeper Chain bridge,
clerk in office public buildings, etc. ; draw-
keepers for navy-yard and upper bridges 5
foreman and laborers public grounds;
messenger in the office public buildings,
public gardener; watchmen in squares
and circles. Contingent expenses.

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

Secretary's Office: compensation of
chief clerk, clerks and other employes,
disbursing clerk, and Secretary of the
Navy. Furniture, miscellaneous items,
newspapers, and stationery.

Bureau of Yards and Docks : compen-
sation of chief clerk, clerks, and other
employes, and draughtsman. Books,
drawings, labor, miscellaneous items, and
plans.

Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting:
compensation of chief clerk, clerks, and
other employes. Books, miscellaneous
items, and stationery.

Bureau of Navigation : compensation
of clerks and other employes. Books,
miscellaneous items, and stationery.

Bureau of Ordnance: compensation of
chief clerk, clerks, and other employes.
Books, miscellaneous items, and station-
ery.

Bureau of Construction and Repair :
compensation of chief clerk, clerks, and
other employes. Miscellaneous items
and stationery.

Bureau of Steam Engineering: com-
pensation of chief clerk, clerks, draughts-
men, and other employes. Miscellaneous
items and stationery.

Bureau of Provisions and Clothing :
compensation of chief clerk, clerks, and
other employes. Miscellaneous items.

Bureau of Medicine and Surgery : com-
pensation of assistant engineer, char-
women, conductor of elevator, chief clerk,
clerks and other employes, firemen, la-
borers, and superintendent of building.
Fuel, incidental labor, lights, miscella-
neous items for Navy Department build-
ing, and stationery.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

Secretary's Office : compensation of
chief clerk, chiefs of divisions, clerks
and other employes, engineers, and fire
men.

General Land Office : compensation of
chief clerk, clerks and other employe?
commissioner, draughtsmen, and re-

order. Contingent expenses: adver-
ising, diagrams, expenses of clerks de-
filed to investigate fraudulent land
ntries, etc., furniture and repairs, maps,
miscellaneous items, parchment paper,
and telegraphing.

Indian Office: compensation of chief
clerk, clerks and other employes, com-
missioner, financial clerk, and stenog-
rapher. Contingent expenses, binding,
"blank books, fuel, light ; miscellaneous
items, newspapers, and price lists.

Pension Office : compensation of chief
clerk, clerks and other employes, com-
missioner, deputy commissioner, and
medical referee. Contingent expenses,
awnings and repairs, bounty land war-
rants, carpets, elevators, repairing of;
engraving and retouching plates ; ex-
penses of clerks detailed to investigate
frauds ; fuel, furniture, gas, heating ap-
paratus, maps, newspapers, printing and
binding bounty land warrants, printing
md engraving pension certificates, and
telegraphing.

United States Patent Office : compensa-
tion of assistant commissioner, assistant
examiners, chief clerk, clerks and other
employes, commissioner of patents, ex-
aminers, examiners-in-chief, examiner in
charge of interferences, financial clerk,
and librarian. Contingent expenses, ad-
vertising, books, purchase of for scien-
tific library ; carpets, furniture and labor
connected therewith ; gas-fitting, ice, in-
ternational exchanges, model-cases, con-
struction and repair ; moneys refunded,
painting, paper for patent heads, paper-
ing, photolithographing for official gazette
of issues of drawing of patents, designs
and trade-marks of copies of drawings de-
stroyed or damaged by fire, etc., including
temporary draughtsmen ; plumbing, port-
folios for drawings, printing engraved
patent heads, repairing, and stationery.

Office of Assistant Attorney-General :
compensation of clerks.

Bureau of Education : compensation of
chief clerk, clerks and other employes,
commissioner, and statistician. Contin-
gent expenses, cases for library, collect-
ing statistics, editing and publishing cir-
culars, expressage, fuel, furniture, library
expenses, lights, periodicals, publications,
and telegraphing.

Office of Auditor of Railroad Accounts:
compensation of auditor, assistant book-
keeper, book-keeper, clerks and other em-
ployes, and railroad engineer. Incidental
expenses, travelling and other expenses.

Under Architect of the Capitol: com-
pensation of laborers, person in charge

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

of heating apparatus of Congressional li-
brary and Supreme Court, and watch-
men.

Contingent expenses Interior Depart-
ment : advertising, books, boxes for pack-
ing documents, cases for filing documents,
fitting up rooms for filing, fuel, furniture,
ice, light, miscellaneous items, postage-
stamps, rent of building for Bureau of
Education, rent of building for Pension
Office, repairs of heating apparatus ;
storing, packing and distributing official
documents, and telegraphing.

Surveyors-General and their Clerks:
compensation of, for Arizona Territory,
California, Colorado, Dakota Territory,
Florida, Idaho Territory, Louisiana, Min-
nesota, Montana Territory, Nebraska
and Iowa, Nevada, New Mexico Terri-
tory, Oregon, Utah Territory, Washing-
ton Territory, and Wyoming Territory.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

Office Postmaster-General : compensa-
tion of chief clerk, clerks and other em-
ployes, law clerk, and Postmaster-Gen-
eral.

Office First Assistant Postmaster-Gen-
eral : compensation of chief clerk, clerks
and other employes, First Assistant Post-
master-General, and superintendents.

Office Second Assistant Postmaster-
General: compensation of chief clerk,
chief of division of inspection, clerks and
other employes, Second Assistant Post-
master-General, and superintendent of
railway adjustment.

Office Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen-
eral : compensation of chief clerk, chief
of division of dead letters, chief of divis-
ion of postage-stamps, clerks and other
employes, and Third Assistant Postmas-
ter-General.

Office Superintendent of Foreign Mails:
compensation of chief clerk, clerks and
other employes, and superintendent of
foreign mails.

Office Superintendent of Money-Order
System: compensation of chief clerk,
clerks, and other employes.

Division of Mail Depredations : com-
pensation of chief of division, and clerks.

Office of Disbursing Clerk and Super-
intendent of Building : compensation of
accountant, blacksmith, carpenters, dis-
bursing clerk and superintendent, engi-
neers, firemen, storekeeper, watchmen,
and other employes.

Contingent Expenses Post-Office De-
partment: carpets, directories of princi-
pal cities of the United States, fuel,
furniture, gas, hardware, harness, repairs

of-, horses, keeping of; miscellaneous
items ; Official Postal Guide, publication
of; painting; plumbing and gas-fixtures,
rent of house for office-room ; repairs of
engine, boilers, and heating apparatus ;
stationery, telegraphing; wagons, re-
pairs of.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

Office of the Attorney-General : com-
pensation of assistant attorneys-general,
assistant attorney-general Post-Office De-
partment, Attorney-General, chief clerk,
clerks and other employes, disbursing
clerk, law clerk, law clerk and examiner
of titles, Solicitor-General, Solicitor of
Internal Revenue, and stenographic clerk.
Contingent expenses : books, law and
miscellaneous ; fuel, furniture and repairs
of; harness and repairs of, horses, care
and subsistence of; labor, lights, opinions
of attorneys-general, preparation for pub-
lication and superintending of printing of;
rent of four floors of building ; stationery,
telegraphing, wagons and repairs of.

Office Solicitor of the Treasury : com-
pensation of assistant solicitor, chief clerk,
clerks and other employes, and the
Solicitor. Books, law and miscellaneous.

Judicial.

United States Courts: salaries of Asso-
ciate Justices Supreme Court, Associate
Justices Supreme Court of the District of
Columbia, Attorneys, United States dis-
trict. Chief Justice Supreme Court, Chief
Justice Supreme Court of the District
of Columbia, Circuit Judges, District
Judges, Judges of the United States re-
tired, marshal Supreme Court, marshals
of United States district courts, reporters
of decisions of Supreme Court, and war-
den of jail District of Columbia.

Court of Claims: salaries of assistant
clerk, bailiff, chief clerk, judges, and
messenger. Contingent expenses, books,
clerk-hire, fuel, labor, postage, preparing
and superintending the printing of the
reports of the court, reporting decisions,
and stationery.

SUNDRY CIVIL EXPENSES BILL.

Coast and Geodetic Survey. Survey
of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the Mis-
sissippi and other rivers: charts, prep-
aration and publication of; civilians en-
gaged in the work, compensation of;
Coast Pilot, preparation and publication
of; current observations of the coast ;
deep-sea temperatures ; Delaware Bay
and river, resurvey of ; dredgings; ma-

ANALYSTS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

terials for the Coast Pilot ; soundings ;
State surveys, furnishing points for tri-
angulation towards western coast.

Survey of the Pacific coasts, Columbia
and other rivers : charts, preparation and
publication; civilians employed in the
work, compensation ; Coast Pilot, publica-
tion ; currents ; deep-sea soundings ; dredg-
ing ; materials for Coast Pilot; publishing
observations on progress of the work ; re-
pairs and maintenance of vessels; State
surveys, furnishing points for; tempera-
tures. Books, charts, fuel, gas, instru-
ments, maps, miscellaneous expenses,
rent of buildings, transportation of charts,
instruments and maps.

Engraving and Printing : dies for en-
gravers ; labor of workmen skilled in
engraving, transferring, plate-printing,
etc. ; macerating machines for destruction
of United States bonds, notes, etc., ex-
penses of operating ; machinery and re-
pairs ; materials ; other expenses of en-
graving and printing notes, bonds, etc. ;
paper ; plates, rolls, and tools for en-
gravers.

Fish and Fisheries : carp, gourami, sal-
mon, and white-fish, introduction of into
the waters of the United States ; carp-
ponds, construction of; carp-ponds in
Washington and elsewhere, maintenance
of; causes of decrease of food-fishes, in-
quiry into ; cod, propagation of; "Fish-
Hawk," fish-hatching steamer, mainte-
nance of ; halibut and other sea-fishes, her-
ring and other food-fishes, propagation
of; illustrations for report of the commis-
sioner of fish and fisheries, preparation
of; shad and fresh-water herring, intro-
duction of in.to the waters of the Atlantic
and Pacific, the Gulf and great lake
States; statistics of sea-coast and lake
fisheries.

Life-Saving Stations : advertising ; es-
tablishment of new life-saving stations ;
fuel for stations and houses of refuge ;
freight; labor; miscellaneous expenses ;
medals ; repairs and outfits for stations : re-
pairs to apparatus ; salaries of keepers of
life-saving and life-boat stations, surfmen.
superintendents, and volunteer crews of
life-boat stations : stationery ; supplies
of provisions for houses of refuge and
stations; travelling expenses of officers.

Light-House Establishment: day-bea-
cons, establishing of on Florida Reefs ;
harbor guide-lights, establishing of; land
for light-house purposes, purchase of;
lights, establishment of; light-houses,
construction of; lights on pier-heads on
the lakes, rivers and sea-board, erection,
removal, and repair of; light-ships and

fog-signals, construction of; plans for
structures, preparation of; range guide-
lights, establishing of; sites for light-
houses, examination, survey, and protec-
tion of; stake-lights, establishing of on
dikes; steam fog-signals, erection of;
steam tenders, building of.

Buoyage : buoys, day-beacons, and
spindles, cleaning, painting, removing,
repairing, raising and supplying losses
of; chains; dolphins; sinkers, stakes,
and similar necessaries.

Expenses of light-vessels : incidental
expenses ; rations of seamen ; repairs of
vessels ; salaries of officers ; supplies ;
wages of seamen.

Fog-signals : duplicating, establishing,
improving, and renewing of.

Inspecting lights : rewards for informa-
tion as to collisions ; visiting and inspect-
ing lights and other aids to navigation.

Keepers of light-houses: fuel; inci-
dental expenses; rations; rent of quar-
ters, salaries.

Lighting and buoyage : maintenance
of lights and buoys on the Mississippi,
Ohio, and Missouri Rivers.

Repairs of light-houses and stations :
illuminating apparatus and machinery,
purchase and repairs of; improving and
building ; renovating ; repairs and inci-
dental expenses.

Supplies of light-houses : books and
furniture for light-stations ; illuminating
and cleansing materials ; incidental ex-
penses; materials required for consump-
tion, expenses of inspection and delivery.

Miscellaneous Objects.

Books, law and reference, for the Treas-
ury Library ; compensation in lieu of
moieties under the customs laws ; exam-
ination of rebel archives and records of
captured property.

Expenses of national currency : en-
graving, express charges, paper, and
printing.

'Fuel, lights, and water for public
buildings : brooms, brushes, buckets,
fuel, hammers, hatchets, light, mops,
saws, shovels, water, and wheelbarrows.

Furniture and repairs of furniture :
carpets, furniture, repairs of furniture.

Heating apparatus for public build-
ings : heating, hoisting, and ventilating
apparatus, and repairs of.

Land and other property of the United
States, custody, care, and protection of.

Messengers of the respective States for
conveying to the seat of government the
electoral vote for President and Vice-

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

President, payment of, at 25 cents per
mile, one distance only.

National Board of Health : boards of
health, State and local, aid to ; marine
hospital, Key West, Florida, repairs of
bulkhead of sea-wall of; quarantine
stations, local aid to ; salaries and ex-
penses of National Board.

Pay of custodians and janitors of pub-
lic buildings.

Plans for public buildings: labor for du-
plicating plans ; photographing materials.

Public Buildings : appraisers' stores,
court-houses, custom-houses, marine hos-
pitals, post-offices, and sub-treasuries,
construction of. Repairs and preserva-
tion of public buildings.

Revenue-Cutter Service: pay of boys,
cadets, captains, coal-passers, cooks, engi-
neers, firemen, lieutenants, petty officers,
pilots, seamen, and stewards: Adver-
tising, commutation of quarters, dockage,
fuel for vessels, freight, instruction of
cadets, labor, miscellaneous expenses,
repairs and outfits for vessels, ship-
chandlery and engineers' stores, towage,
travelling expenses of officers, and wharf-
age. Revenue steamers, expenses of the
use of in protecting the interests of the
Government on the seal islands, sea-otter
hunting-grounds, etc., in Alaska.

Salaries and travelling expenses of
agents at seal-fisheries in Alaska.

Standard Weights and Measures : con-
struction and verification of; fuel; In-
ternational Bureau of Weights and
Measures, contribution to maintenance
of; materials; metric standards for the
custom-houses ; mural standards of
length ; rent of fire-proof rooms ; trans-
portation ; travelling and other expenses.

Suppressing counterfeiting and other
felonies : detecting and bringing to trial
and punishment persons engaged in
counterfeiting the bonds, coins, national
bank-notes, treasury notes, and other se-
curities ; robbing the mails and other
felonies against the laws of the United
States postal service, pay and bounty
laws, and laws relating to the revenue
service.

A r aults, safes, and locks for public
buildings, and repairs of.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

Armories and Arsenals : artesian well,
Benicia, Cal., boring of; repairs of ar-
senals ; repairs and preservation of build-
ings, grounds, and machinery, Springfield
arsenal ; Sandy Hook proving-grounds,
clearing, levelling, grading, and building
roads and walks of; wharf at arsenal,

Washington, D. C., repair and restoration
of; wharf at Benicia arsenal, Cal., re-
pairs of. Rock Island, Illinois : build-
ings and bridges, care and preservation
of; construction of workshops; fences,
building of; grounds, grading of; rail-
road, extension and repairs of; roads,
building of; Rock Island bridge, care
and preservation of; water-power, care,
preservation, developing, and mainte-
nance of; water-tanks, construction of.

Artificial Limbs and Appliances : com-
mutation therefor ; furnishing of ; trans-
portation of beneficiaries.

Buildings and Grounds in and around
Washington and the Executive Mansion:
baskets ; flower-pots ; fountains, con-
struction and care of; greenhouses and
nursery, care of; grounds south of the
Executive Mansion, filling and improv-
ing; improvement and care of public
grounds; iron fences, construction, repair,
and painting of; Lafayette Square, care
of; lamps and lamp-posts, care of; lyco-
podium; manure and hauling; monument
grounds, care and improvement of; nui-
sances, abating of; reservations, improv-
ing of; seats, purchase and repair of;
snow and ice, removing of; trees, tree-
stakes, lime, whitewashing, and stock for
nursery ; twine ; vases and painting of.

Building for State, War, and Navy
Departments, continuation of work on.

Executive Mansion : care and repair
of; fuel; furniture ; greenhouse, fuel for,
care and repairs of.

Expenses of military convicts : costs,
charges of State penitentiaries for the
care, clothing, maintenance, and medical
attendance of.

Lighting the Executive Mansion and
public grounds : fuel for greenhouses in
the nursery ; fuel for the office ; fuel for
watchmen's lodges ; gas ; lamp-posts ;
matches ; pay of gasfitters, lamp-lighters,
and plumbers; plumbing; repairs of all
kinds.

Military roadways, construction of;
military telegraph lines, construction,
maintenance, and repair of.

Miscellaneous Objects.

Barracks, purchase of, Ringgold, Texas ;
buildings at headquarters Department
of Columbia, Fort Snelling, Minn., com-
pletion of; buildings at headquarters De-
partment of Texas, San Antonio, con-
struction of; charts of lake survey for
use of navigators, printing of; field-work
of lake survey, reduction of; final report
of lake survey, preparation and publica-

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

tion of; forts, construction of; military
posts, construction of; military roadways,
construction of; military surveys and
reconnoissances west of the Mississippi
River ; quarters, construction and repair
of; reports and maps, transportation of
to foreign countries, through the Smith-
sonian Institution ; survey of the north-
ern and northwestern lakes ; tests of iron
and steel ; water-level observations, con-
tinuance of in lake survey.

Mississippi River Commission : salaries
and other expenses ; surveys and exami-
nations.

National Cemeteries : superintendents,
pay of.

Printing and binding catalogue of the
library of the Surgeon-General's office.

Records of the War of the Rebellion,
Union and Confederate : clerks and other
employes engaged upon the, compensa-
tion of; Confederate records, collection
of; fuel; incidental expenses; prepara-
tion for the publication, printing, and
binding of 10,000 copies of; rent of offices :
stationery.

Repair of water-pipes and fire-plugs :
apparatus to clean water-pipes ; pipes,
supply of from springs to the Capitol,
Executive Mansion, and State, War, and
Navy Departments, repairing and renew-
ing of; springs, cleaning of; telegraph
to connect the Capitol with the Depart-
ments and the Government Printing-Of-
fice, repair and care of; water-pipes, re-
pairing and extending.

Signal Service : books, newspapers, and
periodicals ; incidental expenses ; instru-
ments, meteorological and other, purchase
and repair of; instrument shelters ; maps
and bulletins ; observation and report of
storms ; offices in cities and ports, ex-
penses of; river reports; signal-stations
at life-saving stations, and light-houses,
establishment of ; stationery ; storm-sig-
nals, expenses of announcing approach
of storms.

Support and improvement of the Leav-
enworth Military prison, Fort Leaven-
worth, Kansas: belting for machinery;
blank-books ; clerks in office of quarter-
master, pay of; clothing, material for;
discharge of prisoners, payment of $5
upon each ; disinfectants ; drainage of
grounds ; engineers, pay of; extra-duty
pay; foremen, pay of; fuel; hats, ma-
terial for ; hay for beds ; hose ; ma-
chinery, cleaning and repairing; mate-
rials for repair-shop ; mechanics, pay of;
medical supplies, purchase of; oil ; of-
ficers' quarters, repairs of; paving bricks ;
prison buildings, repairs of; pursuing

escaped prisoners : rewards for apprehen-
sion of escaped prisoners ; running ma-
chinery ; shops, repairs and extension of;
stationery ; stores miscellaneous ; stoves
and stove-pipe ; subsistence stores ; team-
sters, pay of; tobacco for prisoners ;
tools; watchmen, pay of ; wicking.

Support of National Home for Disabled
Volunteer Soldiers : barracks and other
construction purposes ; central branch,
support of; clothing ; construction and re-
pairs ; current expenses ; eastern branch,
support of; incidental expenses; north-
western branch, support of; out-door re-
lief; southern branch, support of.

Support of transient paupers: care,
support, and medical treatment of 75
transient paupers, medical and surgical
patients, in Washington, D. C.

United States Artillery School, Fortress
Monroe, Virginia : drawing materials ;
materials necessary in the science of en-
gineering and artillery ; models ; miscel-
laneous expenses; stationery; text-books.

Washington Monument, continuing
work upon.

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

Clothing and bedding, pay to officers
and others in the navy and marine corps,
for quantity destroyed to prevent spread
of disease ; construction and repair of ma-
rine barracks.

Navy-yards and stations : repairs and
preservation, improvements, dry-docks,
construction of buildings, etc., in the
different navy-yards.

STATE DEPARTMENT.

Consular and commercial reports, and
circular letters to chambers of commerce,
printing and distributing of; clerical hire
for the collection, analyzing, publication,
and distribution of commercial informa-
tion ; International Bureau of Weights
and Measures, contribution to mainte-
nance of.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

Botanic Garden : night watchman, pay
of; repairs and improvements to build-
ings and walks.

Bureau of Education : distribution and
exchange of educational documents ; ed-
ucational apparatus and appliances, col-
lection, exchange, cataloguing, and caring
for.

Census : enumeration and compilation
of the census.

Columbia Institution for the Deaf and
Dumb: books; gymnasium, erection and

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

fitting up of; improvement and inclosure
of the grounds ; illustrative apparatus ;
incidental expenses ; repairs ; salaries.

Court of Claims : law books, purchase
of; rent of rooms in Freedman's Bank
building.

Entomological Commission : Rocky
Mountain locust, grasshopper, and cotton
worm, investigation of.

Ethnological researches among the
North American Indians, under the di-
rection of the Smithsonian Institution.

Freedmen's Hospital and Asylum : bed-
ding ; clothing ; forage ; fuel and light ; fur-
niture ; medicines and medical supplies ;
rent ; repairs ; salaries ; subsistence.

Geological Survey : classification of
public lands; director, salary of; exami-
nation of the geological structure, mineral
resources, and products of the national
domain ; expenses of the geological sur-
vey ; office-work of the United States geo-
logical and geographical survey of the
Territories.

Government Hospital for the Insane :
furnishing and fitting the relief building ;
insane of the army, navy, marine corps,
and revenue-cutter service, and indigent
insane of the District of Columbia, sup-
port, clothing, and treatment of; repairs
and improvements.

Howard University : maintenance of.

Indian Office : expenses of Indian Com-
missioners.

Library of Congress : furniture.

National Academy of Sciences : com-
mittee of National Academy of Sciences,
expenses incurred in scientific survey of
the Territories.

National Museum : electrical appa-
ratus ; fuel ; furniture and fixtures for
the reception, care, and exhibition of the
collections ; gas-fixtures; relieving sewer,
construction of ; steam-heating apparatus ;
water.

Patent Office Building: heating appa-
ratus, replacing of; model -cases, fire-
proof; repairs of the building; sewer-
and drain-pipes, replacing of; water-
closets, renewing of.

Public Buildings: Capitol extension,
passenger-elevator; Capitol, work on and
general repairs ; fire-extinguishers; gas;
gasfitters, pay of; improving Capitol
grounds ; lamps and pipes, repairs of;
lamp-lighters, pay of; lighting Capitol and
grounds, Botanic Garden and Senate
stable ; material for electrical battery ;
percentages on contracts for paving road-
ways about Capitol grounds, payment of
retained; repairs of court-house. District
of Columbia, and for new furnaces ; su-

perintendent of meters, pay of; testing
quality of gas used by the Government,
governors, and appliances.

Public Lands : expenses of the collec-
tion of the revenue from sales of public
lands ; depositing money ; incidental ex-
penses of the land-offices ; protecting
timber ; salaries and commissions of re-
ceivers of public moneys and registers of
the land-offices ; swamp lands, settlement
of claims for.

Surveying of the Public Lands : ap-
praisement and sale of Fort Dalles mili-
tary reservation ; official plats defaced,
reproduction of; preliminary survey of
unconfirmed and confirmed private land
claims in New Mexico and Arizona ; sur-
veying private land claims : Yellowstone
national park, protection, preservation,
and improvement of.

Offices of Surveyors-General of Public
Lands : contingent expenses, namely, for
books, fuel, messengers' pay, replacing
furniture, rent, stationery r etc., in Ari-
zona, California. Colorado, Dakota, Flor-
ida, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, Ne-
braska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

Smithsonian Institution: preservation
of collections.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,

Books, law, purchase of for library,
Wyoming Territory ; detection and pros-
ecution of crimes against the United
States ; detecting and punishing viola-
tions of the intercourse acts of Congress
and frauds in the Indian service ; investi-
gation of official acts, records, and ac-
counts ; jurors and marshals, fees and
compensation of; suits, defending in the
court of claims ; Supreme Court reports
and statutes at large for United States
courts at Deadwood, Dakota Territory ;
witnesses, fees and compensation of.

Judicial, Expenses of United States
Courts: bailiffs, expenses of; circuit
courts ; clerks and United States commis-
sioners, fees of; courts of the District of
Columbia ; district attorneys and their
assistants ; district courts ; furniture and
repairs of United States court-house, Co-
lumbia, S. C. ; jurors and witnesses;
marshals and their general deputies, ex-
cept for services of deputies rendered at
elections ; miscellaneous expenses ; pris-
oners of the United States, support of;
prosecution of offenses against the United
States ; rent of United States court-rooms ;
rights of citizens of the United States to
vote in the several States, enforcement
of; safe-keeping of prisoners; suits in

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

which the United States are concerned,
expenses of; Supreme Court of the United
States. Expenses of territorial courts in
Utah : clerks of the courts and commis-
sioners of the United States, fees and per
diem of; contingent expenses; district
attorney of the United States and his as-
sistants, compensation of; guards, hiring
and subsistence of; prisoners, arresting,
guarding, and transportation of; marshal,
fees and per diem of; subpoenaing wit-
nesses; summoning jurors; supplying
and caring for the penitentiary. Support
of convicts : support and maintenance of
convicts transferred from the District of
Columbia and from other districts, and
for the collection of criminal statistics.

PUBLIC PRINTING AND BINDING.

Lithographing, mapping and engraving
for both houses of Congress, the Supreme
Court of the United States, the Supreme
Court of the District of Columbia, the
Court of Claims, the Librai-y of Congress,
and the Executive Departments ; lot of
land adjoining the Government Printing-
Office, purchase of; paper for the public
printing; printing the debates and pro-
ceedings of Congress in the Congressional
Record ; public printing and binding.

SENATE.

Heating apparatus of the Senate, im-
proving and repairing ; register in floor
and gallery, putting in ; sky-lights in
roof and ceiling, putting in; vacuum
pump.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Claims recommended by the Committee
on Accounts for services of occasional
employes ; contested election cases, pay-
ment of expenses incurred by contestants ;
deceased members, payments to widows
of; pipe-cutting, machine and other tools,
purchase of ; reports of the Commissioners
of Claims, preparation for the public
printer; services of occasional employes,
payment of; William Hincks, deceased,
reporter, payment of $5000 to his sister ;
works of art for the Library of Congress,
purchase of.

GENERAL MISCELLANEOUS.

Burial of surfmen in Life-Saving Ser-
vice who perished in assisting distressed
vessels; Charles II. Evans, to pay for a
book prepared by him ; index to official
reports of the Centennial Exhibition ;
R. II. Carter, deceased, Inspector of Cus-

toms on the Isthmus of Panama, removal
of his remains to his late home in Vir-
ginia ; services of expert for Committee
of Public Expenditures.

SUPPORT OF THE ARMY BILL.

Adjutant-General's Department: con-
tingent expenses at headquarters of mili-
tary divisions and departments ; com-
manding general's office, expenses of;
recruiting and transportation of recruits ;
Signal Service, purchase, equipment, and
repair of electric field-telegraphs, and
signal equipments and stores.

Pay Department: pay of the army;
commissioned officers; acting assistant
commissaries of subsistence, additional
to, 180 ; adjutants, 40 ; adjutant engineer
battalion, additional to ; aides-de-camp,
additional to, 35 ; brigadier-generals, 15 ;
captains, mounted, 312; captains, not
mounted, 306 ; chaplains, 34 ; colonels,
70 ; first lieutenants, mounted, 202 ; first
lieutenants, not mounted, 360 ; general,
1 ; lieutenant-colonels, 85 ; lieutenant-
general, 1 ; major-generals, 3 ; majors,
243 ; quartermasters, regimental, 40 ;
quartermaster engineer battalion, addi-
tional to ; second lieutenants, mounted,
146 ; second lieutenants, not mounted,
305; storekeepers, 21.

Enlisted men, etc. : allowances, cloth-
ing not drawn payable to enlisted men
on discharge ; retained pay ; travel ; en-
listed men, 25,000 ; enlisted men of Sig-
nal Corps, 450 ; examiner of State claims
in the office of Secretary of War, addi-
tional pay to ; mileage of officers of the
army; officer in charge of public build-
ings and grounds, Washington, D. C.,
additional to ; officers of foot regiments
while on duty requiring them to be
mounted, additional pay to; officers re-
tired, 400; ordnance sergeant retired, 1.

Miscellaneous expenses : citizen clerks
and witnesses attending upon military
courts, etc. ; commutation of quarters of
officers on duty where there are no public
quarters; contract-surgeons, hire of ; ex-
tra-duty pay to enlisted men serving in
hospitals; hospital matrons, 200; officers
in service in excess of number for each
class, provided for in the bill, pay of;
paymasters' clerks, pay of, 54 ; paymas-
ters' messengers, hire of: telegrams re-
ceived and sent by officers of the army,
cost of; travel of paymasters' clerks.

Subsistence Department: subsistence
of civilian employes, 1875; contract-
suriroons, 125; enlisted men, 25,000; en-
listed men of the Signal Service ; half-

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

rations for sergeants and corporals of
ordnance, additional to, 120; hospital
matrons, 200 ; laundresses ; military con-
victs, 110; prisoners of war (Indians),
500 ; rations, at 20 cents each, 10,755,820 ;
rations, difference between cost of and
commutation therefor to detailed men,
enlisted men, and recruits at recruiting
stations ; subsistence stores for Indians
visiting military posts, Indians employed
without pay, scouts, and guides.

Quartermaster's Department: regular
supplies ; blank-books for quartermas-
ter's department ; blank forms for pay
and quartermaster's departments; boats
and carts, purchase of; certificates for
discharging soldiers ; clerks to officers
of quartermaster's department, compen-
sation of; clothing, camp and garrison
equipage, purchase, manufacture, and
transportation of; contingent expenses
not otherwise provided for ; deserters,
apprehension, securing, and delivery of,
and expenses incident thereto ; drayage
and cartage at the several posts ; drays,
purchase and repair of; escorts to pay-
masters and other disbursing officers, and
to trains ; expresses to and from frontier
posts and armies in the field ; extra pay
to soldiers employed in the erection of
barracks, hospitals, quarters, and store-
houses, construction of roads, and other
constant labor in periods not less than ten
days, and as clerks at division and depart-
ment headquarters, and Signal Service ser-
geants ; forage in kind for horses, mules,
and oxen of the quartermaster's depart-
ment, at posts and stations, and armies
in the field ; forage for horses of the cav-
alry, artillery, mounted men of the Signal
Service, infantry companies mounted, and
scouts, and for officers' horses, including
bedding ; forage and wagon-masters, com-
pensation of; fuel, for enlisted men,
guards, hospitals, officers, and store-
houses ; freights, wharfage, tolls, and
ferriages ; funds, transportation of; fur-
niture for offices ; grounds for camp and
, summer cantonments and temporary fron-
tier stations : guides, hire of; harbors, re-
moving obstructions from ; harness, pur-
chase of; horses for cavalry, artillery,
Indian scouts, etc., purchase of; horses,
mules, and oxen, purchase and hire of;
horse equipments and subsistence stores ;
hospitals, construction and repair of;
huts and stables, temporary, construction
, of; interment of officers and soldiers
killed in action or who died when on
duty in the field, at posts on the frontiers,
or when travelling on orders ; interpreters,
hire of; labor in quartermaster's depart-

ment, hire of; medicine for horses and
mules; offices, hire of; ordnance and
ordnance stores, transportation of; picket-
ropes, purchase of; postage and telegrams,
cost of; preserving and repacking cloth-
ing, etc., at Philadelphia, Jeffersonville,
and other depots ; printing division and
department orders and reports ; quarters
for troops, hire of; repairing public
building at posts ; rivers and roads, re-
moving obstructions from ; roads, clear-
ing of; ships, purchase and repair of;
shoeing horses and mules; small-arms;
spies, hire of ; stationery ; straw for sol-
diers' bedding; store-houses, hire of;
teamsters, hire of; transportation of the
army and baggage of the troops ; trans-
ports, public, expenses of, sailing on the
rivers, Gulf of Mexico and Pacific Ocean ;
vessels, sea-going, purchase and repair
of; veterinary surgeons, hire of; wagons,
purchase and repair of; water, procuring
of at posts where it must be brought from
a distance.

Medical Department : advertising ;
Army Medical Museum, medical and
other works for; library Surgeon-Gen-
eral's office, medical and other works for ;
medical and hospital supplies ; medical
care and treatment of officers and soldiers
on detached duty ; miscellaneous ex-
penses ; purveyors' depots, expenses of.

Engineers' Department: chemicals;
engineering materials for a course of in-
struction to engineer battalion at En-
gineer Depot, Willet's Point, New York ;
extra-duty pay to soldiers engaged in
skilled labor, namely, lithographing, pho-
tographing, printing, or wheelwright
work ; forage ; fuel ; incidental expenses
at Willet's Point Depot ; remodelling pon-
toon trains ; repairing instruments ; re-
pairs ; stationery.

Ordnance Department: animals, for-
age, and vehicles ; armaments of forts
being modified or repaired, removing of;
arms, manufacture of at national arse-
nals, caring for, preserving, and oper-
ating ; arsenals, expenses at ; equip-
ments for infantry, cavalry, and artillery,
namely, canteens, clothing-bags, great-
coat straps, haversacks, horse equipments,
and repairs of; extra-duty pay for en-
listed men of ordnance service ; fuel and
lights ; guns, mounting and dismounting ;
incidental expenses ; issuing arms and
other ordnance supplies ; metallic ammu-
nition for small-arms ; ordnance and ord-
nance stores, repairing of; ordnance
stores, purchase and manufacture of;
ordnance stores, new, at the arsenals,
overhauling, cleaning, and preserving ;

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

police and other duties; Powder depot,
building necessary, grading grounds,
erecting magazines; receiving stores,
expenses of; stationery and office furni-
ture; tools and instruments; workmen
attending practical trials and tests of
ordnance, small-arms, etc. ; workmen in
armory and museum building, compensa-
tion of.

NAVAL SERVICE BILL.

Pay of the navy, active list : admiral,

I ; admiral, vice-, 1 ; admirals, rear-, 12 ;
assistant engineers, 43 ; assistant naval
constructors, 5 ; assistant paymasters,
20 ; assistant surgeons, 27 ; cadet-engi-
neers, 98 ; cadet-engineers, at sea, addi-
tional to, 40 ; cadet-midshipmen, 254 ;
cadet-midshipmen, at sea, additional to,
78 ; captains, 50 ; chaplains, 24 ; chief
engineers, 69 ; chiefs of bureaus (com-
modores), 8 ; civil engineers, 10 ; com-
manders, 90; commodores, 25 ; ensigns,
100 ; lieutenant-commanders, 80 ; lieu-
tenants, 280 ; masters, 100 ; mates, 42 ;
medical directors, 15 ; medical inspectors,
14; midshipmen, 45 ; naval constructors,
10 ; passed assistant engineers, 96 ; passed
assistant paymasters, 30 ; passed assist-
ant surgeons, 64 ; pay-directors. 12 ; pay-
inspectors, 13 ; paymasters, 50 ; profes-
sors of mathematics, 12 ; surgeons, 50 ;
warrant-officers, 205.

Retired list : admirals, rear-. 40 ; as-
sistant engineers, 25 ; assistant paymas-
ters, 2 ; assistant surgeons. 8 ; boatswains,
9 ; captains, 16 ; carpenters, 13 ; chap-
lains, 7 ; chief engineers, 7 ; commanders,
11 ; commodores, 21 ; ensigns, 5 ; gunners,
5; lieutenant-commanders, 14; lieuten-
ants, 7 ; masters, 13 ; medical directors,
19 ; medical inspector, 1 ; midshipmen,
2 ; naval constructors, 3 ; passed assist-
ant engineers, 18 ; passed assistant pay-
masters, 2 ; passed assistant surgeons, 4 ;
pay-directors, 5 ; pay-inspector, 1 ; pay-
master-generals, 2 ; paymasters, 3 ; pro-
fessors of mathematics, 6 ; sailmakers,

II ; surgeon-generals, 3; surgeons, 2.
Pay of boys ; clerks at navy-yards ;

clerks at inspections ; clerks at stations ;
clerks to fleet paymasters ; clerks to pay-
masters to vessels ; exchange and mile-
age ; extra pay to men enlisted under
honorable discharge; increase of pay
arising from different duties ; landsmen ;
men in Coast Survey Service ; men in en-
gineer's force ; officers in service, active
or retired, in excess of the number pro-
vided for in the bill ; ordinary seamen ;
petty officers ; seamen ; secretaries to the
admiral and vice-admiral.

Contingent expenses of the navy :
boards, examining; boards of investiga-
tion ; care and transportation of the
dead ; clerks and witnesses, fees of at
investigations ; commissions ; copying ;
costs of suits ; courts-martial and courts
of inquiry, expenses of ; diplomas and
discharges ; expenses of emergencies ; ex-
press fees ; extraordinary expenses not an-
ticipated or classified ; pilotage ; postage,
foreign ; professional investigation and
information from abroad ; purchasing
paymasters' offices, expenses of, namely,
advertising, clerks, fuel, furniture, inci-
dentals, newspapers, and stationery ; re-
covery of valuables from shipwreck ; relief
of vessels in distress ; rent of furniture
and offices not in navy-yards ; reports ;
stationery and recording ; telegraphing,
foreign and domestic ; travelling expenses
and costs of investigations ; wagons, mail,
express, and livery ; warrants.

Bureau of Navigation : advertising for
proposals; Amazon and Madeira Rivers,
preparing and publishing the surveys of;
books for library ; books for libraries for
ships of war ; bunting and other material
for flags ; candles, chimneys and wicks ;
care of building and other labor ; chart
paper ; charts, drawing, engraving, print-
ing, and photolithographing, civil es-
tablishment ; compasses on board ship,
services and materials in correcting ; com-
passes on shore, adjusting and testing ;
compass fittings, binnacles, tripods, and
other appendages ; contingent expenses ;
correcting old plates ; drawing materials ;
freight of navigation materials ; fuel ;
lanterns and lamps and their appendages ;
leads and other appliances for sounding ;
logs and other appliances for measuring
ships' way ; making and repairing flags ;
Mexican coast in the Pacific Ocean, pre-
paring and publishing surveys of; musi-
cal instruments and music for vessels of
war ; nautical and astronomical instru-
ments: nautical books, maps and charts ;
office furniture; oil for ships of war;
packing-boxes and materials ; pilotage
and towage of ships of war, foreign and
local ; postage and telegraphing on public
business ; repairs of nautical instruments ;
sailing directions ajid other hydrographic
information, preparing and publishing ;
signals and apparatus, drawings and
engravings for signal-books, lanterns,
rockets, running-lights, and signal-lights;
soap ; speaking-tubes and gongs for sig-
nal communication ; stationery; steering-
lights and indicators ; transportation of
navigators' materials. Naval Observa-
tory, expenses of: assistant astronomers,

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

pay of; astronomical and meteorological
observations, reducing and transcribing
for publication ; books and periodicals,
professional, for library ; chemicals for
batteries ; clerk, pay of one ; contingent
expenses ; engraving for report on transit
of Mercury ; freight ; freight on publica-
tions through Smithsonian Institution,
1880, 1881 ; fuel, light, and office furni-
ture ; instrument-maker, wages of; keep-
ing grounds in order ; messenger, wage
of; micrometer; photographic apparatus ;
porter, wages of; repairs to buildings
and inclosures ; solar and stellar photog-
raphy ; stationery ; watchmen, wages of.
Nautical Almanac, expenses of: books,
boxes, computers and clerks, pay of; ex-
presses ; fuel ; labor ; miscellaneous items ;
rent ; stationery ; tables of the planets,
improving of.

Bureau of Ordnance: advertising;
auctioneers' fees ; cartage and express
charges ; civil establishment ; ferriage ;
freight to foreign and home stations ;
fuel, tools, and materials of ordnance
department at the navy-yards, maga-
zines, and stations; gas- and water-pipes ;
gas- and water-tax at magazines; labor
at all navy-yards, magazines, and sta-
tions, in fitting ships for sea ; postage,
foreign ; repairs to fire-engines ; repairs
to ordnance buildings, boats, gun-parks,
lighters, magazines, machinery, and
wharves, telegrams; toll. Torpedo Corps:
freight and express charges ; instruction
and experiments ; labor ; materials ; re-
pairs to boats, buildings, grounds, and
wharves; torpedo-boat experiments on
the "Alarm."

Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting:
bake-ovens ; boat-detaching apparatus ;
canvas ; civil establishment ; coal for
steamers' and ships' use and expenses of
transportation ; cooking-stoves ; cordage ;
equipment of vessels ; furniture ; heating
apparatus for receiving-ships; hemp, wire,
and other materials for the manufacture
of rope ; hides ; hose ; iron for the manu-
facture of anchors, cables, chains, and gal-
leys ; labor in equipping vessels, and the
manufacture of equipment articles in the
navy-yards; leather; life-rafts for moni-
tors; storage and handling; wood. Con-
tingent expenses : advertising; apprehen-
sion of deserters ; assistance to vessels in
distress ; books and models ; car-tickets ;
continuous-service tickets and good-con-
duct badges for enlisted men ; express
charges; extra expenses of training-ships;
ferriage ; freight and transportation of
equipment stores; ice: internal altera-
tions, fixtures and appliances in equip-

ment buildings at the navy-yards ; post-
age, foreign; printing; recruiting and
fitting up receiving-ships ; school-books
for training-ships, and extra medals for
boys ; stationery ; telegraphing ; trans-
portation of enlisted men and boys.

Bureau of Yards and Docks : attend-
ance on fires ; awnings ; books, drawings,
maps, and models; candles, gas, and oil;
care of buildings ; carts, driving-teams,
fire-engines and apparatus,timber-wheels,
and tools, purchase and repairs of; clean-
ing up yards ; civil establishment ; con-
tingent expenses at navy-yards ; dredg
ing ; freight and transportation of ma-
terials and stores ; fuel ; furniture for
offices and houses at navy-yards ; labor,
clerical and incidental ; lights ; machinery
and patent rights for the use of; oxen and
horses, purchase and maintenance of;
packing-boxes : postage ; steam fire-en-
gines, repairs and attendance on ; watch-
men in navy -yards, pay of; water-tax,
ferriages and toll. Naval Asylum, Phila-
delphia. Pa., payable out of income from,
the naval pension fund : cai*-tickets ;
cemetery and burial expenses; digging
graves ; furnaces ; furniture and repairs
of; grates; headstones; ice; improve-
ment of grounds ; painting ; pay of super-
intendent and other employes; ranges,
repairs and preservation ; support of
beneficiaries ; water-rent and gas.

Bureau of Medicine and Surgery : ad-
vertising ; books ; cows, purchase and
feed of -/freight on medical stores; gar-
den tools ; horses, purchase and feed of;
maintenance of naval hospitals at An-
napolis, Md., Brooklyn, N. Y., Chelsea,
Mass., Mare Island, Cal., Pensacola, Fla.,
Philadelphia, Pa., Portsmouth, N. H.,
Norfolk, Va,, Washington, D.C., and
Yokohama, Japan ; maintenance of the
civil establishments at the naval hospitals,
the naval laboratory, navy-yards, and
the Naval Academy ; medical board of
examiners, expenses of; repairs of naval
laboratory, naval hospitals and append-
ages, including cemeteries, farms, fences,
gardens, outhouses, roads, sidewalks, and
wharves ; seeds ; surgeons' necessaries
for vessels, navy-yards, naval stations,
Marine Corps, and Coast Survey; tele-
graphing; transportation of insane pa-
tients to the Government hospital; trees;
wagons and harness, purchase and re-
pair of.

Bureau of Provisions and Clothing .
civil establishment ; commuted rations
for officers, seamen, and marines ; hand-
ling and transportation of provisions;
nspections and store-houses, expenses of;

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION SILLS.

provisions for seamen and marines ; pro-
visions and commutation of rations for
750 boys ; water for ships, purchase of.
Contingent expenses : advertising; books
and blanks ; candles ; car-tickets ; com-
missions on sales ; express charges ; fer-
riages ; freight on shipments, except pro-
visions ; fuel, ice, iron safes, newspapers ;
postage, foreign ; stationery, telegrams,
toll, and yeomen's stores.

Bureau of Construction and Repair :
advertising ; care and protection of the
navy in the line of construction and re-
pair ; civil establishment ; labor in navy-
yards and on foreign stations ; materials
and stores, purchase and preservation of 5
postage, foreign ; tools, purchase of; ves-
sels on the stocks and in ordinary, pres-
ervation of; vessels afloat, wear, tear,
and repair of.

Bureau of Steam Engineering : adver-
tising ; civil establishment ; freight ; in-
struments and materials for drafting-
room ; machinery and boilers of naval
vessels, wear, tear, and repair of; ma-
chinery and boilers in vessels on the
stocks and in ordinary, repairs and pres-
ervation of; machinery and tools in the
navy-yards and stations, purchase, fitting,
and repair of; materials and stores, pur-
chase and preservation of; postage, for-
eign ; telegrams.

Naval Academy : apparatus and instru-
ments, chemical, gas and steam machinery,
purchase and repairs of; Board of Visi-
tors, expenses of ; books for the library,
text and blank ; cartage ; chemicals ; feed
and maintenance of teams ; freight, fuel,
furniture, and fixtures ; heating and
lighting the Academy and school-ships ;
improvements ; labor, incidental and other
expenses ; materials for repairs in steam
machinery ; models and maps ; music and
musical and astronomical instruments ;
pay of professors, civil officers, and em-
ployes : rent of building ; repairs of pub-
lic buildings, pavements, walls, and
wharves ; stationery, steam-pipe fittings
and stores in the department of steam
engineering ; telegraphing ; uniforms for
the bandsmen ; water.

Marine Corps : pay of officers on the
active list, adjutant and inspector, 1 ;
asvsistant quartermasters, 2; captains, 20;
colonel, 1 ; colonel-commandant, 1 ; first
lieutenants, 30 ; lieutenant-colonels, 2 ;
majors, 4 ; paymaster, 1 ; quartermaster,
1 ; second lieutenants, 2. Pay of officers
on the retired list, assistant quartermas-
ter, 1 ; brigadier-general, 1 ; captains, 2 ;
colonel, 1 " first lieutenants, 2 ; lieuten-
ant-colonel, 1 ; majors, 3 ; second lieu-

tenants, 3. Pay of non-commissioned
officers, musicians and privates, corporals,
180 ; drum-major, 1 ; drummers and
fifers, 96 ; first sergeants, 50 ; leader of
the band, 1 ; musicians, 30 ; privates,
1500 ; quartermaster-sergeant, 1 ; ser-
geant-major, 1 ; sergeants, 140.

Ammunition, bayonet-scabbards, bu-
gles, canteens, cartridge-boxes; chief
armorer, pay of one ; clerks, pay of ten ;
clothing ; clothing undrawn, payments
on account of, to discharged soldiers;
commutation of quarters for officers where
there are no public buildings; drums,
fifes, flags, forage for three horses ; fuel,
haversacks, instruments for the band ;
mechanics, pay of three ; messengers,
pay of two ; music, musket-slings ; pro-
visions ; rent of offices ; repairs of bar-
racks ; Springfield rifles ; swords ; trans-
portation of officers and troops. Contin-
gencies : apprehension of deserters ; axes ;
barrack furniture ; bedsacks, brooms,
brushes, buckets, bunks ; burial of de-
ceased marines ; candles, carpenters'
tools, cartage, cooking-stoves, crash ; en-
gine-hose ; ferriage ; fire-extinguishers,
freight ; furniture for officers' quarters :
galleys, purchase and repairs of; gas,
gravel for parade grounds ; hand-carts
and wheelbarrows, purchase and repairs
of; harness, purchase and repairs of;
labor, lumber for benches: mess-tables,
oil, oil-cloth, packing-boxes, paving, picks,
ranges, repairs ; repairs of fire-engine ;
repairs of gas- and water-fixtures ; repairs
of public carryall ; rope, shovels, spades,
stationery, stoves, telegraphing, toll,
twine, water-rent, wrapping-paper.

INDIAN SERVICE BILL.

Buildings at agencies and repairs of;
incidental expenses of Indian agents and
of their offices ; Indian agents, inspectors,
and interpreters, pay of; Indian agents
and 'inspectors, travelling expenses of;
special agents, pav of two ; vaccine
matter and vaccination of Indians.

Treaties with Indian tribes, fulfilment
of: Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches,
blacksmith, carpenter, engineer, farmer,
miller, and physician, pay of; clothing;
instalment, payment of.

Cheyennesand Arapahoes : blacksmith,
carpenter, engineer, farmer, miller, phy-
sician, and teacher, pay of; clothing; in-
stalments, payment of.

Chickasaws : annuity in goods.

Boise Fort band of Chippewas : assist-
ant blacksmith, blacksmith, and school-
teacher, pay of; ammunition ; books and

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

stationery ; instalment in money, per
capita ; instalment in goods, etc. ; in-
struction in farming ; iron and steel for
blacksmith-shop ; provisions, seeds, tools,
etc. ; tobacco.

Chippewas of the Mississippi : annuity
in money ; gilling-twine for nets ; schools,
support of.

Chippewas, Pillagers, and Lake Winne-
bagoshish Bands : instalments of annuity
in goods, for education, in money, and for
purposes of utility.

Choctaws: blacksmith, supportof; edu-
cation, support of; interest on $390,257.92
at 5 per cent, for education, support of
the government, etc. ; iron and steel ;
light-horsemen, support of.

Creeks : annuities in money ; black-
smith and assistant ; blacksmith-shop, and
iron, steel, and tools for ; interest on
$200.000 at 5 per cent, for education ; in-
terest on $675,168 at 5 per cent., to be ex-
pended under the direction of the Secre-
tary of the Interior ; wheelwright.

Crows : blacksmiths (two) : carpenter,
engineer, farmer, miller, physician, and
teacher, pay of; books and stationery;
clothing, suits for 600 males, 700 females,
850 boys and 350 girls ; flour and meat ;
iron and steel.

Flatheads and other Confederated
tribes: instalment.

lowas: interest on $57,500 at 5 per
cent, for education or other beneficial
purposes.

Kansas : interest on $200,000 at 5 per
cent.

Kickapoos: interest on $93,581.09 at
5 per cent, for education and other bene-
ficial purposes ; civilization, settlement,
and support of Kickapoo Indians in the
Indian Territory.

Klainath and Modocs : books and sta-
tionery for manual-labor school ; black-
smith, carpenter, farmer, miller, physi-
cian, sawyer, superintendent of farming,
school-teachers (two), and wagon- and
plough-maker, salaries and subsistence of;
buildings for blacksmith-shop, carpenter,
wagon- and plough-maker, flouring- and
saw-mills, manual-labor school and hos-
pital ; tools and materials for saw- and
flour-mills, blacksmith, carpenter, and
wagon- and plough-maker shops, purchase

Menomonees : instalment, last of fif-
teen.

Miamis of Kansas : blacksmith and
assistant, permanent provision for; in-
terest on $22,884.81 at 5 per cent, for
educational purposes ; iron and steel for
blacksmith-shop ; miller, provision for.

Miamis of Eel River : annuities in
goods or otherwise.

Miamis of Indiana: interest on $221,-
057.86 at 5 per cent.

Molels : manual-labor schools, support
of; teachers, pay of; subsistence of pupils.

Navajoes : clothing and subsistence ;
teachers, pay of two.

Nez Perces : agricultural implements
and tools ; assistant teachers (two), car-
penter, farmer, matrons of boarding-
schools (two), and miller, salaries of;
boarding and clothing school-children ;
fencing gardens and farms for schools ;
furniture for boarding-houses and schools ;
repairs of houses, mills, and tools.

Northern Cheyerines and Arapahoes :
blacksmith, carpenter, engineer, farmer,
miller, physician, and teacher, pay of;
clothing ; instalment for the purchase of
such articles as may be proper.

Omahas : instalment in money or
otherwise.

Osages : interest on $69,120, and on
$300,000, at 5 per cent., in money, or
such articles as the Secretary of the In-
terior may direct ; also interest on $1,-
594,479.24 at 5 per cent.

Otoes and Missourians : instalment in
money.

Pawnees : annuity, perpetual, goods,
etc. ; blacksmiths (two) and apprentices
(two), carpenter, farmers (two), miller
and apprentice (1 each), physician, shoe-
maker, teachers (two), pay of; farming
utensils and stock ; iron, steel, and other
articles for shops ; manual-labor schools,
support of; medicines ; repairs of grist-
and saw-mills.

Poncas : clothing; employes, pay of;
instalment ; instruction in the arts of
civilization ; subsistence.

Pottawattomies : annuities in money ;
blacksmith and assistant, pay of: interest
on $230,064.20 at 5 per cent. ; iron and
steel for shops ; salt.

Pottawattomies of Huron : annuity.

Quapaws : blacksmith and assistants ;
education ; iron and steel ; tools.

Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi : an-
nuity ; interest on $200,000 and $800,000
at 5 per cent. ; medicine; physician, pay of.

Sacs and Foxes of the Missouri: in-
terest on $157,400 at 5 per cent. ; school,
support of.

Seminoles: interest on $500,000 at 5
per cent. ; interest on $50,000 at 5 per
cent, for support of schools ; interest on
$20,000 for support of Seminole govern-
ment.

Senecas : annuities in specie ; annuity
for blacksmith and miller, as a national

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

fund for the purchase of articles, and for
improvements in agriculture ; blacksmith
and assistant ; blacksmith-shop ; iron,
steel and tools.

Senecas of New York : annuity ; in-
terest on $118,050 at 5 per cent.

Shawnees: annuities for educational
purposes; interest on $40,000 at 5 per
cent, for educational purposes.

Shawnees (Eastern) : annuity in spe-
cie ; blacksmith and assistant; iron and
steel ; shops and tools.

Shoshones, Western, Northwestern,
and Goship Bands. Western bands : in-
stalment for such articles as the Presi-
dent may deem suitable to their wants.
Northwestern bands : the same. Goship
band : the same.

Shoshones and Bannocks. Shoshones :
blacksmiths (two), carpenter, engineer,
farmer, miller, physician, and teacher,
pay of : clothes, suits for males over 14
years of age, and suits for boys and girls
under 14 and 12 years of age respec-
tively ; calico, domestics, flannel, and
hose for females over 12 years of age ;
instalment for purchase of such articles
as the Secretary of the Interior may con-
sider proper ; iron, steel, and other ma-
terials for shop. Bannocks : blacksmith,
carpenter, engineer, farmer, miller, phy-
sician, and teacher, pay of; clothes, suits
for males over 14 years of age, and suits
for boys and girls under 14 and 12 years
of age respectively ; calico, domestics,
flannel, and hose for females over 12
years of a<*e.

Six Nations of New York : annuity,
permanent, in clothing and other useful
articles.

Sioux of different tribes : blacksmiths
(two), carpenter, employes, engineer,
farmer, matron at Santee agency, miller,
physician, and teachers (five), pay of;
clothing for males over 14 years of age;
calico, domestics, flannel, and hose for
females over 12 years of age ; cotton
goods and flannel for suits for boys and
girls ; industrial schools at Santee Sioux
and Crow Creek agencies ; instalments
for purchase of such articles as the Sec-
retary of the Interior may consider pro-
per; iron, steel, and other materials for
shops ; subsistence of the Sioux and for
purposes of their civilization.

Sioux, Sisseton, and Wahpeton, and
Santee Sioux of Lake Traverse and Devil's
Lake : instalment for relinquishment of
lands.

Sioux, Yankton tribe: instalment;
subsistence and civilization of 2000 Yank-
ton Sioux.

Snakes, Wal-pah-pee tribe : instal-
ment.

Utahs, Tabequache band : blacksmith,
pay of.

tltes, Tabequache, Muache, Capote,
Weeminuche, Yampa, Grand River, and
Mintah bands : blacksmith, carpenters
(two), farmers (two), millers (two), teach-
ers (two), pay of; beans, beef, flour, mut-
ton, potatoes, and wheat, purchase of;
blankets, clothing, and other articles ;
iron, steel, and tools for blacksmith-shop ;
pay of employes.

Winnebagoes : interest on $804,909.17
at 5 per cent, for their support, education,
and civilization ; interest on $78,340.41
at 5 per cent, for the erection of nouses,
purchase of agricultural implements,
seeds, and stock, and the improvement of
their allotments of land.

Removal, Settlement, Subsistence, and
Support of Indians.

Subsistence, civilization, and pay of
employes for the following tribes and
bands of Indians : Apaches, Arapahoes,
Cheyennes, Kiowas, and Wichitas on
reservations. Assinaboines in Montana.
Blackfeet, Bloods, and Piegans. Chip-
pewas of Red Lake, and Pembina tribe
of Chippewas. Confederated tribes and
bands in middle Oregon. D'Wamish and
other allied tribes in Washington Terri-
tory. Flatheads and other confederated
tribes. Gros Ventres in Montana. Kan-
sas Indians. Makahs. Modoc Indians,
Indian Territory. Nez Perces, Joseph's
band, Indian Territory. Qui-nai-elts and
Quil-leh-utes. Shoshones, Bannocks, and
Sheepeaters (mixed). S'Klallam Indians.
Tonkawa Indians at Fort Griffin, Texas.
Walla Walla, Cayuse, and Umatilla. Ya-
kainas.

Apaches and other Indians on reserva-
tions in Arizona and New Mexico, sub-
sistence and care of. Arickarees, Gros
Ventres, and Mandans, care and support
of aged, sick, infirm, and orphans ; civil-
ization, comfort, and improvement; edu-
cating children ; goods, provisions, and
other articles ; medicine and medical at-
tendance. Chippewas of Lake Superior,
agricultural and educational purposes ;
farmers (two) ; goods and provisions ;
pay of clerk and employes ; smith and
shop ; support and civilization. Chippe-
was on White Earth reservation, care and
support of Otter Tail, Pillager, Pembina,
and Mississippi Chippewas. Central Su
perintendency, education and civilization
of Indians in, for clothing, food, and

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

lodging for children attending school.
Flathead Indians removed, instalment
to. Fort Peck Agency, care and support
of the sick, infirm, and orphans; civiliza-
tion, comfort, and improvement ; educa-
ting children; goods, provisions, and
useful articles ; instruction in agricultural
and mechanical pursuits ; medicine and
medical attendance ; pay of employes.
'Industrial schools and educational pur-
poses for the Indian tribes. Malheur
reservation, Oregon, support and civili-
zation of Indians on. Southeastern Idaho,
assisting roving bands in to move to Fort
Hall reservation, in Idaho, and assistance
in agricultural and educational pursuits.
Transportation of Indian supplies.

General Incidental Expenses of the In-
dian Service.

Civilization and support of Indians, in-
cidental expenses, and pay of employes
at the agencies in Arizona, California,
Colorado, Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Ne-
vada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Wash-
ington, and Wyoming.

Miscellaneous : advertising, inspection,
and telegraphing ; appropriation of spe-
cific amounts to individuals of North
Carolina Cherokees ; clothing for Indians,
additional, and not appropriated for under
treaties : equipments and rations for In-
dian police ; pay of Indian police ; refund
to Sioux tribes ; salary of Ouray, head
chief of the Ute nation.

Interest on Trust-Fund Stocks.

Trust-fund interest due Cherokee na-
tional fund ; Cherokee school-fund ;
Chickasaw national fund ; Choctaw gen-
eral fund ; Creek orphans ; Delaware
general fund ; lowas ; Kaskaskias, Peo-
rias, and Piankeshaws ; Kaskaskias,
Woa, Peoria, and Piankeshaw school-
fund ; Menoinonees ; Ottawas and Chip-
pewas.

SUPPORT OF THE MILITARY
ACADEMY BILL.

Pay of adjutant in addition to pay as
first lieutenant: assistant engineer of
heating and ventilating apparatus ; as-
sistant instructors of tactics (four) in ad-
dition to pay of second lieutenants ; as-
sistant librarian ; assistant professors
(eight) in addition to pay of first lieu-
tenants ; band; cadets; chapel-organist;
clerk to adjutant; clerk to disbursing
officer and quartermaster ; clerk to treas-
urer ; commandant of cadets in addition
to pay of captain ; engineer of heating

and ventilating apparatus ; firemen (five) ;
instructors of cavalry, artillery, and in-
fantry tactics (three), in addition to pay
of first lieutenants ; instructor in military
engineering, in addition to pay of first
lieutenant; instructor of ordnance and
science of gunnery, in addition to pay of
first lieutenant ; laborers ; librarian ; mas-
ter of sword ; mechanics (citizens) ; pro-
fessors ; professors for length of service ;
teachers of music.

Miscellaneous and contingent expenses :
bedding, etc., for candidates prior to ad-
mission ; blank-books, blanks, blasting-
powder ; Board of Visitors, expenses of;
boards ; books, magazines, and binding ;
bricks, brooms, brushes ; candles, cement,
chalk, cleaning .public buildings, cloths,
coal, crayon ; diplomas for graduates ;
envelopes, erasers; fasteners (paper),
ferriages, files, fire-bricks, fixtures (gas),
flagging, folders (paper), fuel, furnaces,
furniture, fuse; gas-coal, gas-lamps, gas-
ometers, gas-pipes, gas-retorts, glass,
grates; hair, hinges; ink, iron; joists;
lamp-posts, lanterns, laths, library, ex-
penses of; lime, locks ; mantels, materials
for printing-office, matches and wicking,
mucilage, nails, oils, pails, paint, paper,
pencils, plank, plaster, plumbing, postage
and telegrams, printing ; quills; ranges,
registers, repairs and improvements, re-
pairs of steam-heating apparatus, rubbers;
screws, sewer- and drain-pipe, sheet-lead,
shingles, slate, soap, sponge, stationery,
steel, steel pens, stones ; timber, tin,
tools, transportation of materials and
cadets, tubs, turpentine, type ; varnish ;
wafers, wall-strips, water-pipes, wax,
wood, and zinc.

Department of instruction in mathe-
matics: books, text and reference; re-
pairs of models and instruments ; sta-
tionery.

Department of artillery, cavalry, and
infantry tactics: books and maps ; furni-
ture ; repairs to camp-stools, camp furni-
ture, and gymnasium ; stationery ; tan-
bark for riding-hall, etc.

Department of civil and military en-
gineering : books, text and reference ;
contingencies ; instruments ; maps, mod-
els ; preparation of text-books ; stationery.

Department of chemistry, mineralogy,
and geology : alcohol ; apparatus, chem-
ical, electric, galvanic, magnetic, pneu-
matic, and thermic, purchase and repairs
of; apparatus for illustrating optical prop-
erties of substances; apparatus for illus-
trating the science of electricity ; blow-
pipes, books, text and reference ; cabinet,
increase of; chemicals : fossils, files ; glass

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

and porcelain-ware; lamps; mechanics,
pay of; models ; ores, pencils, paper, pho-
tographic materials, rough specimens,
sheet-metal, stationery, wire.

Department of military engineering:
books, text and reference ; mining, pro-
filing, signaling, and telegraphing mate-
rials ; repairs of instruments ; stationery.

Department of French and English
studies : books, text and reference ; print-
ing examination papers ; stationery.

Department of drawing: articles for
topographical, mechanical, and construc-
tive drawing ; brushes and tacks ; drawers
for maps and drawings ; repairs of desks,
racks, tables, and models ; reflooring
drawing academy.

Department of law : books, text and
reference ; stationery.

Department of ordnance and gunnery :
books, text and reference ; electric bal-
listic machines ; electric batteries ; models
and drawings illustrating course of in-
struction ; repairs of instruments and
firing-houses ; shed for protecting field-
batteries.

Department of natural and experi-
mental philosophy: apparatus to illus-
trate laws in mechanics, optics, and
acoustics ; books, text and reference ;
mechanic, pay of; repairs and materials.

Department of Spanish : books, text ;
stationery.

Buildings and grounds: addition to
cadet-barracks ; breast height wall, build-
ing of; hospital, wing of new, building
of; main building, completion of; repair-
ing roads and paths ; repairing roof of
cadet-barracks.

CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC
BILL.

Compensation and salaries of charges
d'affaires, clerks to legations, commercial
agents, commissioners to negotiate treaty
with China, consular clerks, consuls, con-
suls-general, envoys extraordinary and
ministers plenipotentiary, interpreter to
commissioners to negotiate treaty with
China, interpreters to legations, marshals
to consular courts in Japan, China, Siam,
and Turkey, ministers resident, secretary
to commissioners to negotiate treaty with
China, secretaries of legations, second
secretaries of legations, United States
and Spanish claims commission and ex-
penses of, and vice-consuls.

Acknowledging services of masters and
crews of foreign vessels in rescuing Amer-
ican citizens from shipwreck ; Cape Spar-
tel light, coast of Morocco, proportion of

expenses of; cemetery (American) at
Smyrna, providing a wall, gates, and
improvements ; clerks at consulates, al-
lowances for; contingent expenses ot
foreign intercourse ; contingent expenses
of consulates, namely, arms, bookcases,
flags, freight, porterage, presses, rent,
seals, and stationery ; (expenses of com-
missioners to negotiate treaty with China ;
interpreters, guards, and other expenses
at consulates at Constantinople, Smyrna,
Cairo, Jerusalem, and Beirut ; losses by
exchange ; neutrality act, expenses at-
tendant upon the execution of; persons
charged with crime, bringing home of from
foreign countries; relief and protection
of American seamen in foreign countries ;
rent of prisons for American convicts and
wages of keepers, in China, Japan, Siam,
and Turkey ; rent of buildings for lega-
tion at Peking, China ; rent of court-
house and jail at Yeddo ; shipping and
discharge of seamen at Belfast, Cardiff,
Hamburg, Liverpool, and London ; wid-
ows of deceased diplomatic and consular
officers, allowance to for time that would
be necessary in making the transit home.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT BILL.

Office of Postmaster-General : adver-
tising ; fees of United States marshals,
clerks of courts, and counsel ; mail dep-
redations ; miscellaneous items ; post-
office inspectors ; preparation and publi-
cation of post-route maps, etc. ; travelling
expenses of superintendent of railway
mail service and chief of post-office in-
spectors.

Office of First Assistant Postmaster-
General: card-cancelling machines; clerks
in post-offices, compensation of; fuel,
furniture, letter-balances, light ; letter-
carriers, payment of : marking and rating
stamps ; miscellaneous expenses ; post-
marking machines ; postmasters, com-
pensation of; rent: scales, stationery;
test weights ; wrapping-paper and twine.

Office of Second Assistant Postmaster-
General : compensation of local agents,
mail messengers, mail-route messengers,
railway post-office clerks, and route
agents ; mail-bags and mail-bag catchers ;
mail-locks and keys ; transportation on
railroad routes, inland by steamboat
routes, inland by star routes, and by
postal cars.

Office of Third Assistant Postmaster-
General : agent and assistants to dis-
tribute postal cards, pay of and expenses
of agency ; agent and assistants to dis-
tribute stamps, pay of and expenses of

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

agency ; agent and assistants to distribute
stamped envelopes and newspaper wrap-
pers, pay of and expenses of agency ;
dead-letter envelopes ; engraving, print-
ing, and binding drafts and warrants ;
newspaper and periodical stamps, news-
paper wrappers, official stamps, adhesive
postage-stamps, postal cards, and stamped
envelopes, manufacture of; registered-
package envelopes, locks and seals, and
office envelopes; ship, steamboat, and
way letters.

Office of Superintendent of Foreign
Mails : balance due foreign countries ;
postage-stamps on matter addressed to
the Universal Postal Union Convention ;
transportation of foreign mails.

AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
BILL.

Compensation of assistant chemist, at-
tendant in museum, botanist, carpenter,
chemist, chief clerk, clerks, commissioner
of agriculture, copyists, disbursing clerk
and superintendent of building, engineer,
entomologist, laborers, librarian, micro-
scopist, statistician, superintendent of
flower-seed room, superintendent of fold-
ing-room, superintendent of garden and
grounds, and superintendent of seed
division.

Agricultural statistics, collection of and
compiling and writing matter for official
reports ; cuttings, plants, seeds, shrubs,
trees, and vines, purchase, propagation,
and distribution of; experiments in the
culture and manufacture of tea. Experi-
mental garden and grounds, namely:
boiler for propagating house ; charcoal ;
carts, wagons, and tools, repairs of;
fence, repairing and whitewashing; green-
houses, repairing and painting of; heat-
ing apparatus, repairs to; implements,
purchase of new ; labor, manure, pipes,
and plant-pots, purchase of new ; plants
and seeds, purchasing and propagating
of new ; sand and sod ; tools for green-
houses ; trees for arboretum. Museum
and herbarium : fruits and vegetables,
collecting and modelling specimens of;
specimens for the museum and herba-
rium, collecting and preparing of. In-
vestigation as to insects injurious to
agriculture : chemicals, experiments in
ascertaining the best means of destroy-
ing insects; investigating the history
and habits of insects ; travelling and
other expenses of the entomologist. Fur-
niture and repairs : carpets, furniture,
heating apparatus, matting, repairs of
building, safe (fire and burglar proof),
water- and gas-pipes. Library : books,

botanical and entomological, on agricul-
ture, chemistry, and mineralogy ; charts,
periodicals, etc. Laboratory : apparatus
and chemicals, chemical experiments ;
machinery and apparatus in the manu-
facture of sugar from sorghum and corn-
stalks; wools and animal fibres, testing
textile strength of. Contingent expenses :
advertising, brooms, brushes, dry-goods,
express charges, freight, fuel, glass, gum,
hardware, ice, light, lumber, mats, oils,
paper, paints, postage, repairs of harness
and wagons, soap, stationery, subsistence
and care of horses, telegraphing and
travelling expenses. Investigation of dis-
eases of farm animals : diseases of swine
and infectious diseases of swine and
domesticated animals, investigation of.
Arid lands: data touching agricultural
needs of the arid region of the United
States ; artesian wells on the plains east
of the Rocky Mountains, sinking of.
Forestry, investigation of the subject of.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BILL.

Improvements and repairs : avenues
and streets, work on ; concrete pavements ;
repairing and macadamizing roads ; re-
placement of pavements ; sewers, work
on ; surveys.

Constructing, repairing, and maintain-
ing bridges : care of Bennings, Anacostia,
and Chain bridges; repairs to Anacostia
and M Street bridges.

Maintaining institutions of charity,
reformatories, and prisons : for Children's
Hospital ; Columbia Hospital for Women
and Lying-in-Asylum ; Georgetown Alms-
house, support of inmates ; German Or-
phan Asylum, erection of a building for;
indigent insane of the District of Colum-
bia, support of in Government Hospital
for the Insane; Industrial Home School ;
Little Sisters of the Poor, construction of
their building; National Association for
Colored Women and Children ; Reform
School, salaries, fuel, repairs, and inci-
dentals, support of boys; relief of the
poor ; Saint Ann's Infant Asylum ; trans-
portation of paupers and conveying pris-
oners to the workhouse ; Washington
Asylum, salaries of officers and employe's,
contingent expenses ; Women's Christian
Association.

Washington Aqueduct : engineering,
maintenance, and general repairs.

General expenses: salaries and contin-
gent expenses of the following offices,
attorney's, auditor and comptroller's, col-
lector's, coroner's, division of property,
division of streets, alleys, and county
roads, engineer's, executive, inspector of

ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATION BILLS.

buildings, inspector of gas and meters,
old records division, sinking-fund, special
assessment division, treasurer and asses-
sor's. For fuel, gas, ice, insurance, re-
pairs, and general miscellaneous expenses;
salaries of harbor-master and sealer of
weights and measures.

For streets: cleaning alleys and tidal
sewers ; erection of street-lamps ; erection
of lamps in alleys ; parking commission,
salaries and contingent expenses ; repairs
of streets, alleys, county roads, street-
lamps, and pumps ; removal of garbage ;
street-lamps, illuminating material, light-
ing and extinguishing ; sweeping, clean-
ing, and sprinkling streets.

Public schools : salaries of superin-
tendents, teachers, janitors, secretary of
board and clerks, increase of teachers'
pay for continuous service ; contingent
expenses, erection of new school build-
ings, fuel, purchase of sites, repairs, and
rent of school buildings.

Metropolitan police : salaries of cap-
tain, captain mounted, clerk, detectives,
drivers of wagons and ambulance, in-
spector of licenses, laborers, lieutenants,
lieutenants mounted, major and super-
intendent, major , and superintendent
mounted, . messengers, property clerk,
privates, class one, privates, class two,
privates mounted, sergeants, sergeants
acting, sergeants mounted, station-keep-
ers, surgeons, telegraph operators. Mis-
cellaneous and contingent expenses ; rent
of police stations.

Fire department and fire alarm : sala-
ries of assistant engineer, chief engineer,
commissioners, engineers, firemen, fore-
men, hostlers, privates, superintendent
of fire-alarm telegraph, telegraph opera-
tors, tillermen, and watchmen. Contin-
gent expenses ; purchase of horses ; re-
pairs to apparatus, engine-houses, and
telegraph-line.

Courts : police court, salaries of judge,
clerk, deputy clerk, bailiffs, messengers,
doorkeepers, United States marshal's
fees ; contingent expenses.

Markets : pay of market-masters ; con-
tingent expenses.

Miscellaneous expenses: advertising;
hay-scales ; payment to owners for ground
condemned for alleys, streets, roads, and
sewers ; payment of judgments against
the District of Columbia ; rent of District
offices.

Health department: pay of clerks,
food-inspectors, health-officer, messenger,
poundmaster, laborers under poundmas-
ter, sanitary inspectors. Contingent ex-
penses ; miscellaneous items.

Sinking-fund and interest on the pub-
lic debt of the District of Columbia; gen-
eral contingent expenses not otherwise
provided for.

FORT AND FORTIFICATION BILL.

Armament of sea-coast fortifications :
carriages; conversion of smooth-bore
cannon into rifles ; fuses ; heavy guns
and howitzers ; implements ; incidental
expenses ; machine-guns ; manufacture
of improved breech-loading 12-inch rifled
guns; powder; projectiles.

Instruction of engineer battalion in
the preparation of torpedoes ; protection,
preservation, and repair of fortifications
and other works of defence ; torpedoes
for harbor defence ; torpedo experiments.

RIVER AND HARBOR BILL.

The river and harbor bill provides ap-
propriations for the construction, com-
pletion, preservation, and repair of works
on rivers and harbors, examinations and
surveys to ascertain the probable cost of
improvements contemplated, and gener-
ally for objects incidental to such im-
provements.

INVALID AND OTHER PENSIONS
BILL.

Army pensions for invalids, widows,
minors, and dependent relatives; sur-
vivors and widows of war of 1812.

Navy pensions for invalids, widows,
minors, and dependent relatives.

Pay and allowances for salary, fees for
preparing vouchers, fuel, light, postage
and rent, for pension agents ; fees of ex-
amining surgeons not to exceed 1 for
each examination of a pensioner.

DEFICIENCY BILL.

The objects for which appropriations
are made by the deficiency bill are simi-
lar to those enumerated in the several
regular annual appropriation bills, the
amounts appropriated for any specified
object or objects having proved inade-
quate for the service.

There are two other annual appropria-
tion bills, which are denominated private,
namely:

The one providing for the payment of
claims allowed by the Commissioners of
Claims ;

The other for the allowance of claims
reported by the accounting officers of the
United States Treasury Department.

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

It should be borne in mind that this
analysis does not include any of the per-
manent annual appropriations, such as for
the expenses of collecting the revenue from
customs ; the interest on the public debt ;
salaries and expenses of steamboat inspec-
tors ; expenses of national loan ; refunding
the national debt, etc. See U. S. Revised
Statutes, sections 3687, 3688, and 5689.

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

The following is condensed from a de-
scription by the Librarian of Congress,
found in a report issued from the Bureau
of Education :

The Library of Congress had its origin
in the wants of our National Legislature
for books and information. Its establish-
ment dates from the year 1800. The first
appropriation made by Congress for the
purchase of books was on the 24th of
April, 1800, when $5000 were appropri-
ated. The selection of books was de-
volved upon a joint committee of both
houses of Congress, appointed for that
purpose.

FOUNDATION AND HISTORY OF THE
LIBRARY.

Congress met in October, 1800, at the
city of Washington, for the first time, and
but little was done for the accommodation
of the Library of Congress. At the next
session, which convened in December,
1801, a statement was made, on the first
day of the session, respecting the books
and maps purchased by the joint com-
mittee of Congress. A special committee
was appointed at this session, on the part
of both houses, to take into considera-
tion the care of the books, and to make a
report respecting the future arrangement
of the same. This report, made to the
House by John Randolph, of Virginia,
December 21, 1801, formed the basis of
an act concerning the library, which was
the first systematic statute organizing
the Library of Congress, and which still
continues substantially in force.

This act of organization, approved
January 26, 1802, located the Library of
Congress in the room which had been
occupied by the House of Representa-
tives ; empowered the President of the
Senate and the Speaker of the House to
establish regulations for the library ;
created the office of Librarian, and vested
his appointment in the President of the
United States ; restricted the taking of
books from the library to the members of

the Senate and the House of Representa-
tives, and the President and Vice-Presi-
dent of the United States. This regula-
tion was subsequently extended to the
heads of Departments, the Judges, Re-
porter, and Clerk of the Supreme Court
and the Court of Claims ; the Solicitor of
the Treasury ; the Secretary of the Sen-
ate, and Clerk of the House of Represen-
tatives ; the disbursing agent of the
library ; the Solicitor-General, and As-
sistant Attorneys-General ; the Chaplains
of both houses of Congress ; the members
of the Diplomatic Corps, and the Secre-
tary and Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution resident in Washington.

The disbursement of funds for the pur-
chase of books is under the direction of
a joint committee of both houses of
Congress on the library, consisting of
three Senators and three Representa-
tives.

In the early years the Clerk of the
House of Representatives had charge of
the library, which up to the year 1814
had accumulated only 3000 volumes, and
he employed an assistant to take the
immediate care of the books. The
amount appropriated for the purchase of
books during this period was only $1000.

On the 25th of August, 1814, the Capi-
tol was burned by the British army,
which invaded and held possession of
Washington for a single day, and the
Library of Congress was entirely con-
sumed. During the following month
ex-President Jefferson tendered to Con-
gress his private collection of books, as
the basis for a new Congressional library.
The offer was to furnish the books, num-
bering about 6700 volumes, at cost, and
to receive in payment the bonds of the
United States, or such payment as might
be " made convenient to the public." This
proposition was favorably reported from
the Library Committee in both houses
of Congress, but excited earnest debate
and opposition. The final vote in the
House upon the passage of the bill au-
thorizing the purchase, at the price of
$23,950, was 81 yeas and 71 nays.

On the 21st of March, 1815, Mr. George
Watterson was appointed Librarian of
Congress by President Madison. A
catalogue of the collection was printed
the same year in a thin quarto of 210
pages.

The annual appropriation for the pur-
chase of books was raised to $2000 a year
in 1818. This continued until 1824,
when the sum of $5000 was appropriated ;
and the same continued the average an-

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

nual appropriation for twenty or thirty
years thereafter.

The annual accessions of books were
not great, but resulted in bringing to-

? ether a library of the highest utility.
n 1824 the library was finally removed
to the central Capitol building, which
had been completed, where an apartment
92 feet in length by 32 feet in width, still
occupied as the central library-hall, was
fitted up to receive the books. There the
library continued to grow, until it had
accumulated by the year 1851 55,000
volumes of books. On the 24th of De-
cember of that year the calamity of a
second fire overtook the library. A de-
fective flue, which had been neglected,
and was surrounded with wooden ma-
terial, communicated the flames to the
adjoining shelving, and the entire library
was soon wrapped in flames. The fire
occurring in the night, its extinction was
attended with great delay, so that only
20.000 volumes were saved.

These, however, embraced the more
valuable portion of the library.

Starting anew in 1852, the library has
since continued to grow. The Congress
of that day took a wise and liberal view
of the situation, and appropriated at the
same session the sum of $72.000 for the
reconstruction of the library-rooms, and
$75,000 additional for the immediate pur-
chase of books. The library-hall was re-
built in fire-proof material, the walls,
ceiling, and shelves being constructed of
solid iron, finished in a highly decorative
style. The library thus furnished the
first example of an interior constructed
wholly of iron in any public building
in America. The liberal appropriation
made by Congress for books soon began
to show its fruits in the acquisition of
multitudes of volumes of the best litera-
ture in all departments, and many ex-
pensive art publications, sets of period-
icals, and valuable and costly works in
natural history, architecture, and other
sciences were added to its stores. By the
year 1860 the library had grown to about
75,000 volumes.

Soon after the outbreak of the civil
war, in 1861, the regular appropriation
for the purchase of books was increased
from $7000 to $10,000 per annum.

In the year 1866 the Library of Con-
gress received a most important and valu-
able accession in the transfer of books
gathered by the Smithsonian Institution,
and representing twenty years' accumu-
lation. The collection included many
books in the natural and exact sciences,

and was quite unique in the multitude of
publications of learned societies in all
parts of the world, and in nearly all of
the modern languages. With this large
addition (numbering nearly 40,000 vol-
umes) the library became at once the
most extensive and valuable repository
of material for the wants of scholars
which was to be found in the United
States.

THE FORCE LIBRARY.

In the following year (1867) Congress
became the purchaser of a very extensive
historical library, formed by the late
Peter Force, ex-mayor of Washington.
This collection represented nearly fifty
years of assiduous accumulation by a
specialist devoted to the collection of
books, pamphlets, periodicals, maps, man-
uscripts, etc., relating to the coloniza-
tion and history of the United States.
This purchase, which was effected at the
price of $100,000, included, besides nearly
60,000 articles or titles in books, pam-
phlets, and manuscripts, the entire un-
published materials of the Documentary
History of the United States, a work to
which Mr. Force had dedicated his life,
and nine folio volumes of which, em-
bracing a portion only of the history of
the Revolutionary period, had been pub-
lished.

THE LAW LIBRARY.

The law department of the library was
constituted by act of July 14, 1832. Prior
to that time the whole collection had been
kept together ; but the wants and con-
venience of the Justices of the Supreme
Court of the United States would, it was
found, be greatly promoted by removing
the department of jurisprudence into a
separate room, more conveniently acces-
sible to the court and conference-rooms
of that tribunal. The annual appropria-
tion for the purchase of law-books was
fixed at $1000, and a special sum of $5000
was twice appropriated to enrich the law
department. At the time it was set apart
this department consisted of only 2011
volumes.

From. 1850 to the present time the an
nual sum appropriated for law-books has
been $2000.

The Law Library is rich in the English
and American reports, of which it pos-
sesses full sets, many of them being in
duplicate. In civil law it contains all the
leading works, and many of the more
obscure collateral treatises in every de-
partment of the common law and iniscella-

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

neous law literature, both in English and
French ; while its collection of sets of
all important law periodicals, whether
English, French, or American, surpasses
that of any other library in the United
States. It now numbers upwards of
35,000 volumes, exclusive of works on
the law of nations and nature, and the
journals and documents of legislative
bodies, which form a part of the general
Library of Congress.

EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE
VOLUMES.

The accumulations of authorities in
English and European history and biog-
raphy are especially extensive. The col-
lection of periodicals is very rich, and
there are few English or American re-
views or magazines of any note of which
complete sets are not to be found upon
its shelves. An admirable selection of
the more important literary and scientific
periodicals published in France, Ger-
many, Italy, Switzerland, and other
countries of Europe is also to be found
here.

As the library of the American people,
supported and constantly enlarged by
taxation, it is eminently fitting that this
library should not only be freely acces-
sible to the whole people, but that it
should furnish the fullest possible sources
of information in every department of
human knowledge. While, therefore,
more particular attention has been de-
voted to rendering the library complete
in jurisprudence, history, and produc-
tions of American authors, there is no
department which has been neglected in
its formation ; and it is, accordingly, be-
coming measurably complete in many
directions which, were it merely the Li-
brary of Congress, and for the sole use
of a legislative body, would not receive
special attention.

As one example, it may be stated that
this library contains much the largest
collection of the county and town his-
tories of Great Britain, and of genealog-
ical works, to be found in America.

In January, 1880, the numerical extent
of the Library of Congress was 365,000
volumes, besides about 120,000 pam-
phlets.

THE 'CATALOGUE.

The catalogue system of the Library
of Congress is substantially that adopted
in most great and rapidly-growing public
libraries. The card catalogue "is kept
constantly complete to date by incorpo-

rating daily the titles of works added to
the collection. The printed catalogues,
however, comprise two divisions, an al-
phabetical catalogue, by authors' names,
and a classed catalogue, by subjects.

The next general catalogue, complete
to the year 1876, will fill four or more
royal octavo volumes. It will embrace
the feature of recording full collations of
every book and pamphlet, including pub-
lishers' names, first introduced in the
catalogue of this library in 1867.

A labor recently undertaken in connec-
tion with the catalogue system of the
library, is the preparation of a complete
index of topics to the documents and
debates of Congress. This is a work of
vast extent, embracing the contents of
about 1600 volumes, including the annals
of Congress, the register of debates, the
Congressional Globe and Record, the
journals of the Continental Congress,
the complete set of Congressional docu-
ments (including the partial reprints in
the American State Papers), the statutes
at large, etc.

Considering the great extent and rich
material of the documentary history of
the Republic, the most of which has been
completely buried from view by the want
of any index or other key to unlock its
stores, this task, when completed, may be
expected to yield valuable fruit in bring-
ing to light the sources of our political
history, as well as furnishing an impor-
tant aid to the legislative, executive, and
judicial officers of the United States.

THE COPYRIGHT DEPARTMENT.

It remains to consider, briefly, one
distinctive field of the operations of the
Library of Congress, namely, its copy-
right accessions. By an act of Congress,
approved July 8, 1870, the entire registry
of copyrights within the United States.
which was previously scattered all over
the country, in the offices of the clerks
of the United States District Courts, has
been transferred to the office of the Li-
brarian of Congress. The reasons for
this step were threefold :

1. To secure the advantage of one cen
tral office at the seat of government foi
keeping all of the records relating to
copyrights, so that any fact regarding
literary property can be learned by a
single inquiry at Washington.

2. This transfer of copyright business
to the office of the Librarian of Congress
adds to the registration of all original
publications the requirement of a de-

GOVERNMENT PRINTING-OFFICE.

posit of each publication entered, in order
to perfect the copyright.

This secures to the library of the Gov-
ernment an approximately complete rep-
resentation of the product of the Ameri-
can mind in every department of printed
matter. The resulting advantage to
authors and students of being certain of
finding all the books which the country
has produced in any given department is
incalculable.

3. The pecuniary fees for the record
of copyrights are now paid directly into
the Treasury, instead of being absorbed,
as formerly, by the clerical expenses in
the offices of the district clerk. The aver-
age number of copyright entries is not
far from 12,000 per annum. As two
copies of each publication are required to
be deposited in the library as a condition
of perfecting copyright, the annual re-
ceipts under this head amount to nearly
25,000 articles. Of this large number,
however, one-half are duplicates, while a
very large share are not books, but mu-
sical compositions, engravings, chromos,
photographs, prints, maps, dramatic
compositions, and periodicals.

By the constant deposit of copyright
engravings, photographs, wood-cuts, chro-
mos, and other objects of art, the library
must in time accumulate a large and
attractive gallery of the fine arts, richly
worthy of attention as representing the
condition and progress of the arts of
design at different periods in the United
States. By the required deposit, also, as
a condition of the copyright, of every
book and periodical on which an exclu-
sive privilege is claimed, there will be
gathered in a permanent fire-proof repos-
itory the means* of tracing the history
and progress of each department of
science or literature in this country. As
a single example, it is a great benefit to
those who are interested in the profession
of education to be sure of finding in a
national library a complete series of
school-books produced in all parts of the
United States for the period of half a
century.

OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
CONGRESS.

Per Annum.
Librarian

2250

2000

1600

1440

(( ((

1250

<( ((

1200

U (t

1000

librarian....

. 960

The usual annual appropriation for
the purposes named is as follows :

Purchase of books for the library $5000

" " law-books 2000

" " files of periodicals and news-
papers 2500

Expenses of exchanging public docu-
ments with foreign governments 1000

For works of art 5000

For contingent expenses of the library... 1000
For expenses of the copyright business... 500

BOTANIC GARDEN.

The garden comprises ten acres, en-
closed with a low brick wall, and is laid
out in walks, lawns, and flower-beds.

North of the main conservatory is a
large fountain with nine main jets and a
marble basin 93 feet in diameter. On
the south there is a smaller fountain with
granite basin.

The main conservatory is 300 feet long
and 60 feet wide, the dome is 40 feet high,
and the wings 25 feet high.

There are ten smaller conservatories.

The object of the garden is to give in-
struction in botany and the distribution
of rare plants.

In one of the conservatories is a lec-
ture-room, sufficient to accommodate 100
students. Four of the conservatories are
devoted to propagation.

The garden is under control of the
Joint Committee of Congress on the Li-
brary. Senators and Members of Con-
gress are supplied with plants, seeds, and
bouquets.

Per Annum.

Superintendent $1600

For assistants and laborers 9900

For improving the garden, manure, tools,
fuel, and repairs, for purchase of trees,
shrubs, etc 5000

GOVERNMENT PRINTING-OFFICE.

The Government Printing-Office is the
largest printing and binding establish-
ment in the world. The amount of print-
ing and binding executed in it is immense.
All printing and binding and blank-books
for the Senate and House of Representa-
tives, and for the Executive and Judicial
Departments of the Government, are done
at this office, except in cases otherwise
provided by law. Registered bonds and
written records may be bound at the
Treasury Department.

During the fiscal year ended June 30,
1879, the following were printed and
bound for the Executive Departments and
Congress : 105,812,586 blanks, envelopes,
etc.; 18,701.398 pamphlets and docu-
ments ; 247,241 blank-books : and 26.276

THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

miscellaneous works in addition were
bound.

The cost of the public printing and bind-
ing, including the Congressional Record,
and lithographing, mapping, and engrav-
ing for the same period, was 1,716,012.

The Public Printer has recently pur-
chased and put in use for printing the
Congressional Record two large presses,
by which more work can be done than
can be done on twelve Adams presses.

Nine book-sewing machines are in
operation, by which books are sewed by
wire instead of thread, and at greatly
reduced cost.

It is the duty of the Public Printer to
purchase, after advertising for proposals,
by contract, all materials and machinery
which may be necessary for the Govern-
ment Printing-Office ; to take charge of
all matter to be printed, engraved, litho-
graphed, or bound ; to keep an account
thereof in the order in which it is re-
ceived, and to cause the work to be
promptly executed; to superintend all
printing and binding done at the Govern-
ment Printing-Office, and to see that the
sheets or volumes are promptly delivered
to the officers authorized to receive them.
He is directed to appoint a foreman of
printing and a foreman of binding, who
must be practically and thoroughly ac-
quainted with their respective trades, and
whose salary is fixed at $2000 per annum
each.

He is authorized to employ, at such
rates of wages as he may deem for the
interest of the Government, and just to
the persons employed, such proof-readers,
compositors, pressmen, binders, laborers,
and other hands as may be necessary for
the execution of the orders for public
printing and binding authorized by law.
He must cause work to be done at night
as well as by day during the sessions of
Congress, when the exigencies of the
public service require it.

The average number of persons em-
ployed is 1500. Of this number, about
400 are compositors, 200 bookbinders,
and 35 pressmen, all of whom receive
40 cents per hour. The remainder of
the employ6s comprise laborers, press-

feeders, book-sewers, folders, etc., who
receive 18f to 30 cents per hour. A ma-
jority of the feeders and book-sewers
work by the piece, and make all the way
from $10 to $40 per month.

The Public Printer and the foremen of
the printing and the binding are prohib-
ited from having any interest in the pub-
lication of any newspaper or periodical,
or in any printing, binding, engraving,
or lithographing, or in any contract for
furnishing paper or other material con-
nected with the public printing.

No printing or binding which is not
provided for by law can be executed at
the Government Printing-Office.

Any person desiring extra copies of
any documents printed at the Govern-
ment Printing-Office by authority of law,
may be furnished with the same by giv-
ing notice to the Public Printer previous
to their being put to press of the number
of copies wanted, and by paying in ad-
vance the estimated cost thereof and ten
per centum thereon.

The Secretary of the Treasury is au-
thorized to advance to the Public Printer
a sum of money not exceeding at one
time two-thirds of the penalty of his
bond, to enable him to pay for work and
material. He must deposit the money
received from the sales of paper-shavings
and imperfections in the Treasury of the
United States, to the credit of the appro-
priation for printing, binding, and paper,
and it shall be subject to his requisition.

The foremen of printing and binding
must make out and deliver to the Public
Printer monthly statements of the work
done in their respective offices, together
with monthly pay-rolls, containing the
names of the persons employed, the rate
of compensation, and the amount due to
each, and the service for which it is due.

CLERICAL FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF
THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER.

Per Annum.

Public Printer $3600

Chief clerk 2000

3 clerks, each 1800

1 clerk 1400

1 clerk 1200

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

THE PRESIDENT.

ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-
PRESIDENT.

Presidential elections are held on the
Tuesday next after the first Monday in
November in every fourth year.

The number of Presidential electors is
equal to the whole number of Senators
and Representatives in Congress.

The electors of each State must meet
and give their votes on the first Wednes-
day in December after the election. The
electors must make and sign three certifi-
cates of all the votes given by them,
each of which certificates must contain
two distinct lists : one of the votes for
President, and the other of the votes for
Yice-President ; they must then seal up
the certificates, and certify upon each
that the lists of all the votes given are
contained therein. The certificates are
disposed of as follows :

The electors in each State appoint a
person to take charge of and deliver to
the President of the Senate at the seat
of Government, before the first Wednes-
day in January next ensuing, one of the
certificates.

They shall forthwith forward by the
post-office to the President of the Senate
at the seat of Government one other of
the certificates.

They shall forthwith cause the other
of the certificates to be delivered to the
judge of that district in which the elec-
tors shall assemble.

Congress shall be in session on the sec-
ond Wednesday in February, succeeding
every meeting of the electors, and the
certificates shall then be opened, the votes
counted, and the persons to fill the offices
of President and Vice-President ascer-
tained and declared, agreeable to the
' Constitution.

In case of removal, death, resignation,

or inability of both the President and
Vice-President of the United States, the
President of the Senate, or if there is
none, then the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, for the time being, shall
act as President until the disability is re-
moved, or a President elected.

Whenever the offices of President and
Vice-President both become vacant, the
Secretary of State shall notify the Execu-
tive of every State of the fact. In such
an event electors will be appointed or
chosen in the several States as follows :
In case the notification is made two
months previous to the first Wednesday
in December then next ensuing, the elec
tors shall be appointed or chosen within
thirty-four days preceding such first
Wednesday.

If there shall not be the space of two
months between the date of such notifi-
cation and such first Wednesday in De-
cember, and if the term for which the
President and Vice-President last in office
were elected will not expire on the third
day of March next ensuing, the electors
shall be chosen within thirty-four days
preceding the first Wednesday in Decem-
ber in the next year ensuing. But if
there shall not be the space of two
months between the date of such notifi-
cation and the first Wednesday in De-
cember then next ensuing, and if the
term for which the President and Vice-
President last in office were elected will
expire on the third day of March next
ensuing, no electors are to be chosen.

The term of four years for which the
President and Vice-President are elected,
commences on the fourth day of March
succeeding the day on which the votes of
the electors have been given.

The President's salary is 50,000 a year,
payable monthly.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE PRESI-
DENT.

The President is Commander-in-Chief
of the army and navy of the United States,
and of the militia of the several States
when called into the actual service of the
United States. It is not intended that the
President shall necessarily take the field
in person on all occasions, for this might
interfere with his other duties, but he is
the source whence orders are to ema-
nate.

The President is authorized to grant
reprieves and pardons for offences, except
in cases of impeachment.

He is authorized, with the concurrence
of two-thirds of the Senate, to make
treaties with foreign nations.

He is empowered to nominate, and, by
and with the advice and consent of the Sen-
ate, appoint ambassadors, other public
ministers and consuls, judges of the Su-
preme Court, and all other officers of the
United States whose appointments are not
otherwise provided for by the Constitution,
and which may be established by law ; but
Congress may by law vest the appoint-
ment of such inferior officers as they think
proper, in the President alone, in the courts
of law, or in the heads of Departments.
Also to fill all vacancies that may hap-
pen during the recess of the Senate, by
granting commissions which shall expire
at the end of their next session, and to
commission all. the officers of the United
States.

He is required from time to time to
communicate information respecting "the
general operations of the Government,
and to recommend for consideration such
measures as he shall deem expedient.

It is his duty to receive ambassadors

and other public ministers from foreign
nations.

He must see that the laws are faith-
fully executed.

THE PRESIDENT'S CABINET.

By custom the heads of the seven prin-
cipal Departments, namely, the Secretary
of State, the Secretary of the Treasury,
the Secretary of War, the Secretary of
the Navy, the Secretary of the Interior,
the Postmaster-General, and the Attorney-
General, constitute the President's cabi-
net, and the salary of each is $8000 per
annum. They are appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, and are removable
at pleasure. With some few exceptions
each has the appointment of the numer-
ous subordinate officers, clerks, agents,
and employes in his Department.

The following officers, clerks, and em-
ploy6s are allowed for the Executive
Office and the Executive Mansion :

EXECUTIVE OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Private secretary to the President $3250

Assistant " 2250

2 executive clerks, each 2000

Stenographer 1800

Steward 1800

Messenger and usher 1200

1 clerk 1800

1 1400

1 1200

4 messengers (two mounted), each 1200

OTHER EMPLOYES FOR EXECUTIVE
MANSION.

Furnace-keeper $864

1 night watchman 900

1 night usher 1!

1 day usher at President's door 1400

1 day usher at secretary's door 1200

2 doorkeepers, each 1200

CONDITIONS COMMON TO ALL EXECUTIVE
DEPAKTMENTS.

Before taking up the Departments in
their regular order, it is thought advis-
able, with a view to avoid repetition, to
state some of the most prominent con-
ditions which apply alike to each of
them.

By the general statutes the head of
each Department is entitled to receive
$10,000 a year ; but, at present, $8000
only is appropriated.

Each head of Department is authorized
by law to prescribe regulations for the
government of his Department, the con-
duct of its officers and clerks, the distri-
bution and performance of its business,
and the custody, use, and preservation of
the records, papers, and property apper-
taining to it ; aud each has accordingly
prescribed and printed a system of appro-
priate regulations for those purposes.

The law directs that all the bureaus
and offices in the several Departments
shall be open for the transaction of the
public business at least eight hours each
day from October 1 until April 1 in
each year, and from April 1 until Oc-
tober 1 at least ten hours each day,
except Sundays and legal holidays ; and
it is made the duty, by act of June 20,
1874, of the heads of Departments and
bureaus to require the chiefs of divisions
and clerks to labor such number of hours
as may be necessary for the proper de-
spatch of the public business, not exceed-
ing the time above stated, when the De-
partments are required to be kept open,
and under this provision the office hours
established are from 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. (7
hours), daily, except Saturday, when
they close at 3 P.M. (6 hours), without
any prescribed rule for intermission.

Each chief clerk in the several De-
partments and bureaus, and other officers
(in some bureaus, especially of the Treas-
ury, a deputy is provided in lieu of a

chief clerk), must supervise, under the
direction of his immediate superior, the
duties of the other clerks therein, and
see that they are faithfully performed,
and that their duties are distributed with
equality and uniformity. He must take
such steps as will correct any undue ac-
cumulation or reduction of duties affect-
ing particular clerks, whether arising
from individual negligence or incapacity,
or from increase or diminution of certain
kinds of business : and must report
monthly to his superior officer any ex-
isting defects in the arrangement or de-
spatch of business. Each head of Depart-
ment, chief of bureau, or other superior
officer must examine the facts so reported
by his chief clerk, and take such correc-
tive measures as may be necessary and
proper in the premises.

Each disbursing clerk, except in the
Treasury Department, must, when direc-
ted so to do by the head of the Depart-
ment, superintend the building occupied
by his Department.

In case of the death, resignation, ab-
sence or sickness of the head of any
Department, the first or sole assistant
thereof shall, unless otherwise directed
by the President, perform the duties of
such head until a successor is appointed
or such absence or sickness shall cease.
This provision is not applicable to the
War Department.

For like causes on the part of the chief
of any bureau, or of any officer thereof,
whose appointment is not vested in the
head of the Department, the assistant or
deputy of such chief or of such officer, or
if there be none, then the chief clerk
of such bureau, shall, unless otherwise
directed by the President, perform the
duties of such chief or other officer until
a successor is appointed, or such absence
or sickness shall cease.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

In any of the cases mentioned above,
except the death, resignation, absence,
or sickness of the Attorney -General, the
President may, in his discretion, authorize
and direct the head of any other Depart-
ment, or any other officer in such De-
partment, whose appointment is vested
in the President, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, to perform the
duties of the vacant office until a succes-
sor is appointed, or the sickness or ab-
sence of the incumbent shall cease.

A vacancy occasioned by the death or
resignation in any of the cases above
mentioned must not be temporarily filled
for a longer period than ten days.

When an officer performs the duties
of another office, in accordance with the
foregoing provisions, he is not by reason
thereof entitled to any other compensa-
tion than that attached to his proper
office.

Any officer or clerk of any of the De-
partments lawfully detailed to investigate
frauds or attempts to defraud the Gov-
ernment, or any irregularity or miscon-
duct of any officer or agent of the United
States, has authority to administer an
oath to any witness attending to testify,
or depose, in the course of such investi-
gation.

Any head of a Department or bureau
in which a claim against the United
States is properly pending may apply to
any judge or clerk of any court of the
United States to issue a subpoena for a
witness, being within the jurisdiction of
such court, to appear before any officer
authorized to take depositions for use in
United States courts, there to give full
and true answers to written interroga-
tories and cross-interrogatories submitted,
or be orally examined and cross-examined
upon the subject of such claim 5 and in
case of refusal the court has power to use
compulsory processes.

No head of any Department shall em-
ploy attorneys or counsel at the expense
of the United States, but when in need
of counsel or advice, shall call upon th-e
Department of Justice, the officers of
which shall attend the same.

It is not lawful for any person ap-
pointed after June 1, 1872, as an officer,
clerk, or employe, in any of the Depart-
ments, to act as counsel, attorney, or agent
for prosecuting any claim against the
United States which was pending in
either of said Departments while he was
so employed therein, nor in any manner,
nor by any means, to aid in the prosecu-
tion of any such claim within two years

next after he shall have ceased to be such
officer, clerk, or employe".

Balances stated by the Auditor and
certified to the heads of Departments by
the Commissioner of Customs, or the
Comptrollers of the Treasury, upon the
settlement of public accounts, shall not
be subject to be changed or modified by
the heads of Departments, but are con-
clusive upon the Executive branch of the
Government, and subject to revision only
by Congress or the proper courts. The
head of the proper Department, before
signing a warrant for any balance certi-
fied to him by a Comptroller, may, how-
ever, submit to such Comptroller any facts
in his judgment affecting the correctness
of such balances, but the decision of the
Comptroller thereon shall be final and
conclusive.

The head of each Department must re-
port annually to Congress, in detail, the
expenditure of the contingent fund for his
Department, and the bureaus and offices
therein ; also the names of the clerks and
other persons that have been employed,
the time of their employment, and the
amount paid to each ; also, as soon as
practicable after June 30 in the year
in which a new Congress assembles, he
must cause to be furnished to the Depart-
ment of the Interior a full and complete
list of all officers, agents, clerks, and em-
ployes employed in his Department, and
other statistics, for the Biennial Register,
or Blue Book, published under the direc-
tion of the Department of the Interior.

The annual reports required of the
heads of Departments must be made at
the commencement of each regular ses-
sion, except when a different time is ex-
pressly prescribed by law, and must
embrace the transactions of the preceding
year.

The head of each Department, except
the Department of Justice, must furnish
to the Public Printer copies of the docu-
ments usually accompanying his annual
report on or before the first day of No-
vember in each year, and a copy of his
annual report on or before the third
Monday in November in each year.

Each head of Department (including
the Department of Agriculture) is re-
quired to keep in proper books a com-
plete inventory of all the property be-
longing to the United States, in the
buildings, rooms, grounds, etc., occupied
by each department.

No Department of the Government
shall expend in any one fiscal year any
sum in excess of appropriations made by

CONDITIONS COMMON TO ALL THE DEPARTMENTS. 55

Congress for that fiscal year, or involve
the Government in any contract for the
future payment of money in excess of
such appropriations ; all sums appropri-
ated shall be applied solely to the objects
for which they are respectively made,
and for no others ; and no moneys ap-
propriated for contingent, incidental, or
miscellaneous purposes shall be expended
or paid for official or clerical compensa-
tion.

All purchases and contracts for sup-
plies or services in any of the Depart-
ments of the Government except for per-
sonal services, shall be made by adver-
tising for proposals, when the public ex-
igencies do not require the immediate
delivery of the articles or performance

of the service, and when so required, the
articles or services may be procured by
open purchase or contract. Contracts for
stationery and other supplies must not
be made for a longer term than one year.
When a claim is presented in any De-
partment, the amount in controversy
exceeding $3000, or based upon disputed
facts or questions of law, and where the
decision will affect a class of cases or fur-
nish a precedent, or where any authority,
right, privilege, or exemption is claimed
or denied under the Constitution of the
United States, the head of such Depart-
ment may cause such claim to be re-
ferred, with all the vouchers, etc., to the
Court of Claims for trial and adjudica-
tion.

STATE DEPARTMENT.

EAKLY HISTORY.

The Department of State was first es-
tablished as an Executive Department
under the Constitution by the act of Con-
'gress of July 27, 1789, which act denomi-
nated it the Department of Foreign Affairs,
the principal officer therein to be called the
Secretary for the Department of Foreign
Affairs. It authorized the said principal
officer to appoint an inferior officer to be
called the Chief Clerk in the Department
of Foreign Affairs (whose salary was after-
ward fixed, namely, by the act of Septem-
ber 11, 1789, at $800 a year), and who
should have charge and custody when-
ever the Secretary should be removed by
the President, or in any other case of va-
cancy, during the pendency of such va-
cancy, of the records, books, and papers
appertaining to said Department. It
provided that the Secretary should per-
form and execute such duties as should
from time to time be enjoined or intrusted
to him by the President of the United
States, agreeable to the Constitution, re-
lative to correspondence, commissions, or
instructions to or with public ministers
or consuls from the United States, or to
negotiations with public ministers from
foreign states or princes, or to memorials
or other applications from foreign public
ministers or other foreigners, or to such
other matters respecting foreign affairs
as the President should assign to the
Department ; the business thereof to be
conducted in such manner as the Presi-
dent should from time to time order or
direct.

By the act of September 15, 1789, the
name of this Department was changed to
the Department of State, and the principal
officer thereof to Secretary of State, and
it charged him with additional duties
relative to the receipt and publication of
the laws passed by Congress and to affix-
ing the seal of the United States to civil
commissions.
56

PRESENT ORGANIZATION.

The Department of State is first named
of the Executive Departments of the Gov-
ernment.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE SECRE-
TARY OP STATE.

The Secretary of State conducts all
correspondence and issues instructions
to the public ministers and consuls from
the United States, negotiates with public
ministers from foreign states or princes,
and has charge, under the direction of the
President, of all matters pertaining to
foreign affairs.

He has charge of the seal of the United
States, and of the seal of the Department
of State. It is his duty to affix the seal
of the United States to all civil commis-
sions (except for revenue officers) for offi-
cers of the United States appointed by
the President, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, or by the
President alone.

The originals of all bills, orders, and
resolutions of the Senate and House of
Representatives are received and pre-
served by this Department ; and the duty
of promulgating and publishing the laws,
amendments to the Constitution of the
United States, and of commercial infor-
mation communicated by diplomatic and
consular officers, devolves upon the State
Department.

It is the duty of the Secretary of State
to procure from time to time suoh of the
statutes of the several States as may not
be in his office.

He must, within ten days after the
commencement of each regular session
of Congress, lay before that body a state-
ment containing an abstract of all returns
made to him pursuant to law by collectors
of the different ports of the seamen regis-
tered by them, together -with an account
of such impressments and detentions as

STATE DEPARTMENT.

may appear by the protests of the masters
of vessels to have taken place.

He must annually lay before Congress
the following reports :

A statement, in a compendious form,
of all such changes and modifications in
the commercial systems of other nations,
whether by treaties, duties on imports and
exports, or other regulations, as shall have
been communicated to the Department,
including information contained in official
publications of other Governments, which
he may deem of sufficient importance.

A synopsis of so much of the informa-
tion which may have been communicated
to him by diplomatic and consular officers,
during the preceding year, as he may deem
valuable for public information.

FEES CHARGED FOR COPIES OF REC-
ORDS.

For making out and authenticating
copies of records in the Department of
State a fee of 10 cents for each she^t
containing one hundred words must be
paid by the person requesting such copies,
except where they are requested by an
officer of the United States in a matter
relating to his office.

PASSPORTS.

The Secretary of State may grant and
issue passports, and cause passports to be
granted, issued, and verified in foreign
countries by such diplomatic or consular
officers of the United States, and under
such rules as the President designates
and prescribes for and on behalf of the
United States ; and no other person may
grant, issue, or verify any such passports.
In foreign countries, passports are issued
only by the chief diplomatic representa-
tive of the United States at a legation ;
in his absence from a country, by the
consul-general, and in the absence of
both those officers, by a consul. They
are verified by consuls.

The Department comprises four bu-
reaus, and other divisions : a general ac-
count of the business conducted by each
of which is given herewith.

CHIEF CLERK.

The Chief Clerk has general super-
vision of the clerks, and of the business
of the Department.

DIPLOMATIC BUREAU.

Has diplomatic correspondence, and
miscellaneous correspondence relating
thereto.

CONSULAR BUREAU.

Correspondence with consulates, and
miscellaneous correspondence relating
thereto.

BUREAU OP INDEXES AND ARCHIVES.
Opening the mails ; preparing and regis-
tering, daily, full abstracts of all corre-
spondence to and from the Department ;
preserving the archives ; and answering
calls of the principal officers for corre-
spondence.

BUREAU OP ACCOUNTS.
Custody and disbursement of appro-
priations ; charge of indemnity funds and
bonds ; care of building and property.

STATISTICAL DIVISION.
The administration of the collection,
analyzing, publication, and distribution
of commercial information.

LIBRARIAN (Branch or Division).
Custody of the rolls, treaties, etc. ; pro-
mulgation of the laws ; care and super-
intendence of the library and public
documents ; care of the Revolutionary
archives and archives of international
commissions.

STATISTICS (Branch or Division).

Preparation of the reports upon com-
mercial relations.

LAW BUREAU (From Department of Justice).

The examination of all questions of
law submitted by the Secretary and As-
sistant Secretaries, and of all claims.

TRANSLATIONS (Branch or Division).

Translations of papers and documents
ordered by the Secretary, Assistant Sec-
retaries, or Chief Clerk.

PARDONS AND COMMISSIONS (Division).

Preparation and issue of commissions ;
of pardons, and correspondence relating
thereto ; applications for office.

PASSPORT CLERK.

The issue and record of passports. He
is authorized to receive and attest, with-
out charge to the affiant, all oaths or affi-
davits required by law or the rules to be
made before granting passports. A fee
of $5 is charged for each passport granted ;
which fee is paid not to the clerk, but to
the Government.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Number and pay of the officers, clerks,
etc., of the Department proper:

Per Annum.

3 assistant Secretaries of State, each $3500

1 chief clerk 2500

4 chiefs of bureaus, each 2100

1 translator 2100

1 chief clerk of statistical division 2100

12 clerks, each 1800

4 " " 1600

3 " " 1400

10 " " 1200

4 " 1000

10 900

1 elevator tender 720

1 messenger 840

1 assistant messenger 720

1 superintendent of watch 1000

1 assistant superintendent of watch 800

6 watchmen, each 720

12 laborers, " 660

Chief engineer 1200

1 assistant engineer 1000

6 firemen, each 720

10 charwomen or cleaners, each 180

DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE
UNITED STATES.

ENVOYS EXTRAORDINARY AND MINIS-
TERS PLENIPOTENTIARY.

Per Annum.

1 each to France, Germany, Great Brit-
ain, and Russia, each $17,500

1 each to Austria, Brazil, China, Italy,

Japan, Mexico, and Spain, each 12,000

1 each to Chili and Peru, each 10,000

MINISTERS RESIDENT.

Per Annum.

1 to Central American States $10,000

1 each to Argentine Republic, Belgium,
United States of Colombia, Hawaiian
Islands, Hayti (who is also Consul-
General), Netherlands, Sweden and
Norway,Turkey, and Venezuela, each. 7500
1 to Bolivia, who is also Consul-General. 5000
1 to Liberia, who is also Consul-General. 4000

CHARGES D'AFFAIRES.

Per Annum.

1 each to Denmark, Paraguay and Uru-
guay, Portugal, Greece, and Switzer-
land, each $5000

SECRETARIES OF LEGATION AND
INTERPRETERS.

Per Annum.

1 Secretary of Legation and Interpreter

at Pekin, China $5000

1 Consul-General and ex-officio Secre-
tary of Legation at Constantinople,
Turkey 3000

1 Interpreter to the Legation at Con-
stantinople, Turkey 3000

1 Secretary of Legation at Paris, France,
1 at Berlin, Prussia, 1 at London,
England, and 1 at St. Petersburg,
Russia, each 2625

Per Annum.

1 Secretary of Legation at Yedo, Japan,

and 1 Interpreter, each $2500

1 Second Secretary of Legation at Paris,

1 at Berlin, and 1 at London, each... 2000

1 Secretary of Legation at Vienna, Aus-
tria, 1 at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1 at
Rome, Italy, 1 at Mexico, and 1 at
Madrid, Spain, each 1800

1 Clerk to Legation at Spain 1200

The following rules concerning the pre-
cedence to be given among diplomatic
agents have been prescribed by the De-
partment of State :

ARTICLE I. Diplomatic agents are di-
vided into three classes : That of am-
bassadors, legates, or nuncios; that of
envoys, ministers, or other persons ac-
credited to sovereigns ; that of charges
d'affaires accredited to ministers for for-
eign affairs.

ART. II. Ambassadors, legates, or
nuncios only have the representative
character.

ART. III. Diplomatic agents on an ex-
traordinary mission have not, on that
account, any superiority of rank.

ART. IV. Diplomatic agents shall take
precedence in their respective classes ac-
cording to the date of the official noti-
fication of their arrival. The present
regulation shall not cause any innovation
with regard to the representative of the
Pope.

ART. V. A uniform mode shall be de-
termined in each State for the reception
of diplomatic agents of each class.

ART. VI. Relations of consanguinity
or of family alliance between courts con-
fer no precedence on their diplomatic
agents. The same rule also applies to
political alliances.

ART. VII. In acts or treaties between
several powers which grant alternate
precedence, the order which is to be ob-
served in the signatures shall be decided
by lot between the ministers.

ART. VIII. It is agreed that ministers
resident, accredited to them shall form,
with respect to their precedence, an in-
termediate class between ministers of the
second class and charges d'affaires.

For such time as any secretary of lega-
tion acts by proper authority as charge
d'affaires ad interim at the post at which
he is appointed, he will be entitled to re-
ceive compensation at the rate allowed
by law for a charge" d'affaires at such
post ; but not for the same time the com-
pensation also allowed as secretary of
legation.

When to any diplomatic office there is

STATE DEPARTMENT.

superadded another, the person holding
the same will be allowed additional com-
pensation for his extra service at the rate
of fifty per centum of the amount allowed
by law for such superadded office for
such time only as he is actually and neces-
sarily occupied in making the transit be-
tween the two posts of duty, at the com-
mencement and termination of the period
of such superadded office.

No person in the diplomatic service of
the United States shall wear any uniform
or official costume not previously au-
thorized by Congress.

CONSULAR SERVICE OF THE UNITED

STATES.

The statutes of the United States
classify the consulates-general, consu-
lates, and commercial agencies into three
classes: 1. Those embraced in a schedule
known as Schedule B, the incumbents
of which receive a fixed salary, and are
not allowed to transact business. 2.
Those embraced in a schedule known as
Schedule C, the incumbents of which
receive a fixed salary, and are allowed to
transact business. 3. All other consulates
the incumbents of which are compensated
by the fees collected in their offices, and
are allowed to transact business.

The compensation of salaried Consuls
is limited to the amount of the salary
(out of which the officer must defray the
expenses of clerk-hire, except where
clerk-hire is provided by law), except
that Consuls whose salaries do not ex-
ceed $1500, and from whose consulates,
without the agencies, fees are paid into
the Treasury to the amount of $3000 a
year, are compensated at $2000 a year.
The compensation of the feed Consuls is
limited to $2500. If the fees exceed that
sum, such Consuls can pay clerk-hire from
the fees received at the consulate when
thereto specially authorized, but not
otherwise. It is the usual practice for
the agent, subject to agreement with
the Consul, to retain one-half the fees of
the agency until the sum retained by
him amounts to $1000. This rule is not
universal as regards the proportion, but
the maximum of $1000 cannot be ex-
ceeded. The agent cannot, however,
take precedence over the Consul in the
division of the fees. The Consul is en-
titled, to retain not more than $1000 a
year in the aggregate from the agencies
under his consulate.

Schedule B.

CONSULS-GENERAL.

Per Annum.

1 Agent and Consul-General at Cairo $4000

1 Consul- General each at London, Paris,
Havana, and Rio de Janeiro, each 6000

1 Consul- General each at Calcutta and
Shanghai, each 5000

1 Consul-General at Melbourne 4500

each at Kanagawa and
Montreal, each 4000

1 Consul-General at Berlin 4000

each at Vienna, Frank-
fort, and Rome, each , 3000

1 Consul-General each at St. Petersburg
and Mexico, each 2000

1 Consul at Liverpool 6000

1 Consul-General at Bucharest 4000

CONSULS.

CLASS ONE, at $4000 per annum.
I at Hong-Kong, and 1 at Honolulu.

CLASS Two, at $3500 per annum.

1 each at Foochow, Hankow, Canton, Amoy,
Tien-Tsin, Chin-Kiang, and Ningpo, China,
and Callao, Peru.

CLASS THREE, at $3000 per annum.

1 each at Manchester, Glasgow, Bradford,
Demerara, Havre, Matanzas, Vera Cruz, Pan-
ama, Aspinwall, Buenos Ayres, Tripoli, Tunis,
Tangier, Nagasaki, Osaka, Hiogo, Bangkok,
and Valparaiso.

CLASS FOUR, at $2500 per annum.

1 each at Singapore, Tunstall, Birmingham,
Sheffield, Belfast, Marseilles, Bordeaux, Lyons,
Cienfuegps, Santiago de Cuba, Antwerp, Brus-
sels, Saint Thomas, Hamburg, Bremen, and
Dresden.

CLASS FIVE, a<$2000 per annum.

1 each at Cork, Dublin, Leeds, Dundee, Leith,
Toronto, Hamilton, Halifax, Saint John (New
Brunswick), Kingston, Coaticook, Nassau, Car-
diff, Port Louis, San Juan, Lisbon, Rotterdam,
Odessa, Sonneberg, Nuremberg, Barmen, Co-
ogne, Chemnitz, Leipsic, Triest, Prague, Basle,
Zurich, Acapulco, Matamoras, Pernambuco,
[amatave, Montevideo, Beirut, and Smyrna,

CLASS Six, at $1500 per annum.

1 each at Bristol, Newcastle, Auckland, Gib-
altar, Cape Town, St. Helena, Charlottetown
:>ort Stanley, Clifton, Pictou, Winnipeg, Mahe'j
vingston (Canada), Prescott, PortSarnia, Que-
>ec, Saint Johns (Canada), Barbadoes, Ber-
muda, Fort Erie, Goderich (Ontario), Windsor,
tfice, Martinique, Cadiz, Malaga, Barcelona,
?ayal, Funchal, Verviers, Liege, Munich,
~tuttgart, Mannheim, Amsterdam, Copenha-
gen, Geneva, Genoa, Naples, Leghorn, Flor-
nce, Palermo, Messina, Jerusalem, Tampico
jaguayra, Bahia, San Domingo.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Schedule C.

CLASS SEVEN, at $1000 per annum.

1 each at Ceylon, Gaspe" Basin, So.uthampton,
Windsor (N. S.), Stettin, Nantes, Venice, Cape
Haytien, Sabanilla, Guayaquil, Batavia, Para,
Rio Grande do Sul, Ruatan and Truxillo (to
reside at Utilla), Honduras, Guaymas, Zanzibar,
Santiago (Cape Verd Islands), Tahiti, Tal-
cahuano (Chili), Apia.

COMMERCIAL AGENCIES.

Schedule C.
St. Paul de Loanda, Lauthala.$1000 per annum.

Schedule B.
San Juan del Norte $1000 per annum.

CONSULATES AND COMMERCIAL AGENCIES NOT
INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES B OB C.

Compensation made up from fees collected.

I. Consulates. Algiers, Alicante, Amapala,
Archangel, Bathurst, Bergen, Bogota^ Bombay,
Breslau, Brunswick, Buenaventura, Carrara,
Carthagena (Spain), Chihuahua, Christiania,
Ciudad Bolivar, Colonta, Coquimbo, Cordoba,
Corunna, Curacoa, Denia, Falmouth, Galatz,
Garnicha, Ghent, Gottenburg, Guadaloupe,
Guatemala, Helsingfors, Hobart Town, Iloilo;
Laguna, Lambayeque, La Paz (Bolivia), La
Paz (Mexico), La Union, Londonderry, Malta,
Manila, Manzanillo (Mexico), Mazatlan, Me-
rida, Milan, Minatitlan, Monterey, Moscow,
New Chwang, Patras, Pesth, Puerto Plata, Pa-
dang, Paramaribo, Plymouth, Puerto Cabello,
Rheims, Rio Hacha, Rosario, San Bias, San
Jose" (Costa Rica), San Jose and Cape Saint
Lucas, Santander, Santa Martha, Santos, Sierra
Leone, Sonsonate, Saint John's (Newfound-
land), Saint Martin, Stockholm, Sydney, To-
ronto, Teneriffe, Trinidad (Island), Victoria,
Warsaw, Zacatecas.

II. Commercial Agencies. Antigua, Baracoa,
Belize, Camargo, Castelamare, Crefeld, Geeste-
munde, Grand Bassa, Guerrero, La Rochelle,
Maracaibo, Medellin, Mier, Nottingham, Nuevo
Laredo, Oajaca, Ottawa, Pago Pago, Paso del
Norte, Piedras Negras, Ponce, Port Stanley and
Saint Thomas, Presidio del Norte, Rouen, Sa-
gua la Grande, Saint Bartholomew, Saint
Christopher, Saint Galle, Saint Georges, Saint
Helen's, Saint Marc, Saint Pierre (Miquelon),
San Andres, San Juan del Sur, Samana, Stan-
bridge, Tetuan.

The following sums are allowed an-
nually for clerk-hire at the consulates
named :

For the Consul at Liverpool, $2500.

For the Consuls-General at London, Paris,
Havana, Shanghai, and Rio de Janeiro, each,
$2000.

For the Consuls-General at Berlin, Frank-
fort, Vienna, and Kanayawa, and for the Con-
suls at Hamburg, Bremen, Manchester, Lyons,
Hong-Kong, Havre, and Chemnitz, each, $1500.

For the Consul-General at Montreal, and the
Consuls at Bradford and Birmingham, each,
$1200.

For the Consuls-General at Calcutta and
Melbourne, and for the Consuls at Leipsic,
Sheffield, Sonneberg, Dresden, Marseilles, Nu-
remberg, Tunstall, Antwerp, Bordeaux, Colon,
Glasgow, and Singapore, each, $1000.

For the Consuls at Belfast. Barmen, Leitha,
Dundee, and Matamoras, each, $800.

For the Consul-General at Mexico, and for
the Consuls at Beirut, Naples, Stuttgart, Flor-
ence, Mannheim, Prague, Zurich, Panama, and
Demerara, each, $600.

INTERPRETERS.

At Shanghai, $2000. At Tien-Tsin, Foochow,
and Kanagawa, each, $1500. At Hankow,
Amoy, Canton, and Hong-Kong, each, $750.

For 12 Interpreters st other Consulates in
China, Japan, and Siam, each, $500 per annum.

MARSHALS.

For the Marshals for the Consular Courts iu
Japan, China, Siam, and Turkey, $7000 per

Consuls-General and Consuls are not
allowed to hold office at different con-
sulates.

No compensation is allowed Vice-Con-
suls or Vice-Commercial Agents, except
out of the allowance made by law for
the principal consular officer in whose
place such appointment is made. When
the Consul is present at his post the Vice-
Consul has no functions or powers, but
has the Consul's powers in his absence.

Deputy- Consuls are consular officers,
subordinate to their principals, exercising
the powers and performing the duties
within the limits of their consulates at
the same ports or places at which such
principals are located. Consular Agents
are consular officers, subordinate to their
principals, exercising their powers, etc.,
at ports or places different from those at
which such principals are located. Com-
mercial Agents are full, principal, and
permanent consular officers, as distin-
guished from subordinates or substitutes.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF CONSULS.

They have the right, in ports or places
to which they are severally appointed, of
receiving the protests or declarations
which captains, masters, crews, passen
gers, or merchants, who are citizens of
the United States, may choose to make
there; and also such as any foreigner
may choose to make before them relative

STATE DEPARTMENT.

to the personal interest of any citizen of
the United States.

Every consular officer must keep a de-
tailed list of all seamen and mariners
shipped and discharged by him, specify-
ing their names and the names of the
vessels on which they are shipped, and
from which they are discharged, and the
payments, if any, made on account of
each so discharged ; also of the number
of the vessels arrived and departed, the
amounts of their registered tonnage, and
the number of their seamen and mari-
ners, and of those who are protected,
and whether citizens of the United States
or not 5 and, as nearly as possible, the
nature and value of their cargoes, and
where produced, and make returns of the
same, with their accounts and other re-
turns, to the Secretary of the Treasury.

It is the duty of Consuls and Vice-
Consuls, where the laws of the country
permit :

First. To take possession of the per-
sonal estate left by any citizen of the
United States, other than seamen belong-
ing to any vessel, who shall die within
their consulate, leaving there no legal
representative, partner in trade, or trus-
tee by him appointed to take care of his
effects.

Second. To inventory the same with
the assistance of two merchants of the
United States, or for want of them, of
any others at their choice.

Third. To collect the debts due the
deceased in the country where he died,
and pay the debts due from his estate
which he shall have there contracted.

Fourth. To sell at auction, after reason-
able public notice, such part of the estate
as shall be of a perishable nature, and
such further part, if any, as shall be
necessary for the payment of his debts,
and at the expiration of one year from
his decease, the residue.

Fifth. To transmit the balance of the
estate to the Treasury of the United
States, to be holden in trust for the legal
claimant; except that if at any time
before such transmission the legal repre-
sentatives of the deceased shall appear
and demand his effects in their hands,
they shall deliver them up, being paid
their fees, and shall cease their proceed-
ings.

They must immediately notify his
death in one of the gazettes published in
the consulate, and also to the Secretary
of State, that the same may be notified in
the State to which the deceased belonged.

When any citizen of the United States

dying abroad leaves, by any lawful tes-
tamentary disposition, special directions
for the custody and management, by the
consular officer of the port or place where
he dies, of the personal property of which
he dies possessed in such country, such
officer shall, so far as the laws of the
country permit, strictly observe such di-
rections. When any such citizen so
dying appoints, by any lawful testa-
mentary disposition, any other person
than such officer to take charge of and
manage such property, it shall be the
duty of the officer, whenever required by
the person so appointed, to give his official
aid in whatever way may be necessary to
facilitate the proceedings of such person
in the lawful execution of his trust, and,
so far as the laws of the country permit,
to protect the property of the deceased
from any interference of the local au-
thorities of the country where such citi-
zen dies ; and to this end it shall be the
duty of such consular officer to place his
official seal upon all of the personal prop-
erty or effects of the deceased, and to
break and remove such seal as may be
required by such person, and not other-
wise.

CONSULAR OFFICERS NOT TO CHARGE
FOR THEIR SERVICES TO SEAMEN,

Consular officers are not allowed to
charge or receive any compensation for
receiving or disbursing the wages to
which any seaman or mariner is entitled
who is discharged in any foreign country,
or for any money advanced to any such
seaman who seeks relief from any con-
sulate ; nor derive any profit from cloth-
ing, boarding, or otherwise supplying or
sending home any such seaman.

NEGLECT OR OMISSION OF DUTY.

Whenever any consular officer wilfully
neglects or omits to perform seasonably
any duty imposed upon him by law, or by
any order or instruction made or given
in pursuance of law, or is guilty of any
wilful malfeasance or abuse of power, or
of any corrupt conduct in his office, he
shall be liable to all persons injured by
any such neglect or omission, malfeas-
ance, abuse, or corrupt conduct, for all
damages occasioned thereby ; and for all
such damages he and his sureties on his
official bond shall be responsible thereon
to the full amount of the penalty thereof,
to be sued in the name of the United
States.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Consuls have no representative or dip-
lomatic character, except under inter-
national agreement, and cannot claim
for themselves, their families, or prop-
erty, the privileges of exemption which
are accorded to diplomatic agents. They
are, however, under the protection of
the Law of Nations. They may raise
the flag and place the arms of the United
States over their gates and doors. They
have jurisdiction over disputes between
masters, officers, and crews in vessels of
the United States, including questions of
wages, by agreement with many nations,
but not by right ; also the right to reclaim
deserters from such vessels ; also with
powers to adjust matters of salvage and
damage by wreck. Consuls have exclu-
sive jurisdiction over crimes and offences
committed by citizens of the United States
in some countries, and in others they as-
sist in their trial. They also have juris-
diction over civil disputes in certain
countries.

MASTERS MUST DEPOSIT REGISTERS
WITH CONSUL.

Every master of an American vessel
on his arrival at a foreign port must
deposit his register with the consular
officer of the United States, if there be
one at the port, under a penalty of $500.
When the ship's p'apers are received by
the Consul they are to be kept in a safe
place, and the Consul must give a receipt
therefor under seal, and make an entry
in his record, specifying the time of de-
livery, the name of the vessel, the master,
and the character of the papers. When-
ever the master produces the proper clear-
ance papers, and pays the fees due to the
consular officer, and also three months'
pay additional to wages due for every
seaman discharged at his port, and shall
take on board, at the request of the con-
sular officer, such destitute mariners as
he may designate for transportation to
the United States, then the ship's papers
will be returned.

SALE OR TRANSFER OF VESSELS AT A
FOREIGN PORT.

In case of a sale or transfer of an
American vessel in a foreign port or
water, it is the duty of the Consul to
collect from the master or agent of the
vessel for hospital duty 40 cents per
month for each seaman employed on the
vessel from the date of its last entry into
any port of the United States, as pay-

ment of hospital dues there, and to return
the same to the Fifth Auditor of the
Treasury.

ENGAGEMENT OF SEAMEN.

The engagement of seamen by masters
of American merchant ships in a foreign
port must be made before the United
States Consul or Commercial Agent, and
have his sanction.

CONSULS THE GUARDIANS OF AMERI-
CAN SEAMEN.

Consuls are the lawfully authorized
guardians of American seamen in foreign
ports, hear and examine his complaints,
and afford him the only protection or
measure of justice which the representa-
tives of his country can give him on for-
eign soil

RELIEF OF DESTITUTE SEAMEN.

Seamen of the United States, destitute
in a foreign port, are entitled to relief,
deserters as well as those who have been
discharged. The relief is afforded by
United States Consuls at the expense of
the Government, and comprises lodgings,
subsistence, clothing, medical attendance
and medicines, and transportation to the
United States. All masters and com-
manders of vessels or ships belonging to
American citizens bound to a port in the
United States are required by law to
take such seamen on board their vessels,
at the request of a Consul, and transport
them to the port to which bound, the
charge therefor not to exceed $10 for
each seaman. It is the duty of consu-
lar officers to send to the United States
all American seamen found destitute
within their districts. They may con-
tract with masters of foreign vessels for
that purpose, when opportunities in
American vessels do not offer.

COMPLAINTS OF SEAMEN OF BAD PRO-
VISIONS OR WATER.

When three or more of a crew of any
merchant ship of the United States make
complaint to an American consular officer
that the provisions or water for the use
of the crew are of bad quality, and unfit
for use, or deficient in quantity, he must
examine the same ; and if he finds them
as represented by the seamen, notify the
fact to the master of the ship. If the
master does not then provide other and
proper provisions and water, he is liable

STATE DEPARTMENT.

to a penalty of $100. But if the Consul
certifies that the complaint was unrea-
sonable, each complainant is liable to
forfeit to the master or owner one week's
wages.

DESERTERS.

In all cases where deserters are appre-
hended, it is the duty of the consular
officer to inquire into the facts ; and if
satisfied that the desertion was caused by
cruel treatment, the mariner shall be
discharged, and receive, in addition to
his wages due to the time of his dis-
charge, three months' pay.

WRECKS.

It is the duty of consular officers, in
cases where ships or vessels of the United
States are stranded on the coasts of their
respective consulates, to take proper
measures, so far as the laws of the coun-
try permit, for saving such ships or ves-
sels, their cargoes and appurtenances,
storing and securing the effects and mer-
chandise saved, and taking inventories
thereof, the same to be delivered to the
owners after deducting expenses ; but not
in cases where the master, owner, or
consignee is present.

NEW INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES.

If a consular officer sees new inven-
tions or improvements, or new seeds or
plants, he must give the Department such
information about them as he may be
able to obtain, and send such specimens
of seeds and plants as he can, without
cost to the Government. Consular officers
must communicate any useful and inter-
esting information relating to agriculture,
manufactures, population, and public
works ; to scientific discoveries ; to prog-
ress in the useful arts, and to general
statistics in foreign countries ; note all
events occurring which may affect, bene-
ficially or otherwise, the navigation and
commerce of the United States ; the es-
tablishment of new branches of industry,
and the increase or decline of those before
established, and communicate all infor-
mation calculated to benefit our com-
merce or other interests.

CONSULAR JURISDICTION.
The power of commencing original

civil and criminal proceedings is vested
in consular officers exclusively, except in
capital cases for murder or insurrection,
or offences against the public peace
amounting to felony, which are tried be-
fore the Minister of the United States in
the country where the offence is commit-
ted, if allowed jurisdiction. They can
determine all criminal cases where the
fine imposed does not exceed $500, or im-
prisonment not exceeding ninety days.
They can have exclusive jurisdiction in
civil proceedings, where the damage de-
manded does not exceed $500. When it
exceeds that sum, the Consul must sum-
mon associates to hear the case with him ;
the Consul, however, to give the judg-
ment. The decisions of Consuls in crimi-
nal cases may be appealed to the Minister,
when the tine exceeds $100, or ninety
days' imprisonment.

Consuls also have many other duties,
respecting authentication of invoices,
market values, sampling, declarations,
verification and oaths, quantities, weights
and measures, of goods, wares, and mer-
chandise imported into the United States.

CONSULAR CLERKS.

The President is authorized, after ex-
amination, to appoint not exceeding thir-
teen consular clerks, and they can be
removed only for cause stated in writing,
and submitted to Congress at the session
first following such removal. They are
entitled to a compensation not exceeding
$1000 a year ; but those who have served
continuously for a period of five years
shall receive a salary of $1200 a year.
They may be assigned to different consu-
lates from time to time. They are sub-
ordinate to the Consul-General, Vice- or
Deputy-Consul-General, Consul, or Vice-
or Deputy-Consul at the post as the case
may be.

The list of these consular clerks is as
follows :

Per Annum.

1 at Algiers $1200

1 at Berlin 1200

1 at Cairo 1200

2 at Havana, each 1200

1 at Honolulu 1000

1 at Liverpool 1000

2 at Paris, each 1000

1 at Pago Pago 1000

1 at Rome 1200

1 at Shanghai 1200

TEEASUET DEPAETMENT.

OUTLINE OF ITS ORIGIN.

The first Congress of Delegates was
held at Carpenters' Hall, in the city of
Philadelphia, on the 5th of September,
1774. On the 17th of February, 1776, at
the third session of that Congress, the
germ of the Treasury Department was
originated, by passing a resolution for the
appointment of a standing committee of
five for superintending the Treasury, and
detailing the duties devolving on the com-
mittee.

On the 1st of April, 1776, it was re-
solved, that a Treasury Office of Accounts
be established, and that such office be kept
in the city or place where Congress should
be assembled ; and that said Office of
Accounts be under direction and superin-
tendence of the standing committee of
the Treasury, detailing, also, the func-
tions to be performed in the Office of Ac-
counts.

On the 26th of September, 1778, Con-
gress, by resolution, established the offices
of Comptroller, Auditor, Treasurer, and
two Chambers of Accounts, to consist of
three commissioners each, all of whom to
be appointed by Congress annually.

On the llth of February, 1779, the
office of " Secretary of the Treasury" was
established by resolution, with a salary
of 32000 a year, but without designating
the duties of that office, which endured
but a few months.

On the 30th of July, 1779, an ordinance
was passed for establishing a Board of
Treasury, and the proper officers for
managing the finances, consisting of five
commissioners for the Board of Treas-
ury, an Auditor-General, and six Audi-
tors of the Army ; in which ordinance
the office of Secretary of the Treasury
was dropped.

On the 7th of February, 1781, a reso-
lution was passed providing for a Super-
intendent of Finance, a Secretary of War,
and a Secretary of Marine.
64

On the llth of September, 1781, it was
ordered that from and after the 20th of
said month the functions and appoint-
ments of the Commissioners of the
Treasury, Chambers of Accounts, Audi-
tor-General, Auditors, and extra Com-
missioners of Accounts, their assistants,
under-officers, and clerks, should cease
and determine; that for the more effectual
execution of the business of the Treas-
ury and the settlement of public ac-
counts, the following officers should be
appointed in aid of the Superintendent
of Finance, his assistant secretary and
clerks, namely : a Comptroller, a Treas-
urer, a Register, Auditors (number left
to the option of the Superintendent of
Finance) and clerks, and prescribing their
duties.

On the 28th of May, 1784, an ordinance
was passed superseding the office of
Superintendent of Finance, and provid-
ing for a board, consisting of three com-
missioners to be appointed by Congress,
to superintend the Treasury and manage
the finances of the United States 5 which
was styled the Board of Treasury, on
whom was conferred the authority to ex-
ercise all the powers vested in the Super-
intendent of Finance, and here ended the
efforts to organize the Treasury Depart-
ment under or during the Confedera-
tion.

On the 2d of September, 1789 (during
the first session of Congress under the
Constitution, commenced on the 4th of
March, 1789). an act was passed estab-
lishing the Treasury Department, with
the following officers, namely: a Secre-
tary of the Treasury, a Comptroller, an
Auditor, a Treasurer, a Register, and an
assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury.

The act then designated the duties of
each officer, and it provided for the set-
tlement of all public accounts, both pri-
marily and finally, in the Treasury Depart-
ment.

The act of May 8, 1792, created the

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

office of an Accountant of the Depart-
ment of War : that officer to report his
settlement of accounts for the inspection
and revision of the Comptroller of the
Treasury ; it abolished the office of assist-
ant to the Secretary, and in his stead cre-
ated the office of Commissioner of the
Revenue, to collect the internal duties
and direct taxes, and to execute such
other services as should be directed by
the Secretary ; and it authorized the Sec-
retary to have two principal clerks.

The office of Commissioner of the Rev-
enue was abolished by the act of April
6, 1802; it was re-established by the
act of July 24, 1813, and again abol-
ished by the act of December 23, 1817.

On the 25th of April, 1812, an act for
the establishment of a General Land
Office in the Department of the Treasury
created the office of Commissioner of the
General Land Office, and devolved upon
him, under the direction of the head of
the Department, all such duties respect-
ing the public lands of the United States,
and other lands patented or granted by
the United States as had been directed by
law to be performed in the office of the
Secretary of State, of the Secretary and
the Register of the Treasury, and of the
Secretary of War, or which should there-
after, by law, be assigned to said office.

PRESENT ORGANIZATION.

The Secretary of the Treasury is the
head of the Treasury Department.

There are two Assistant Secretaries at
a compensation of $4500 a year each.

The Treasury Department is divided
into the following offices and bureaus :

Office of the Secretary, including eight
regular divisions; besides the Chief
Clerk's Office; the office of the Custodian
of the building ; and Special Agents'
Division ; the Secret Service, and the
Division of Captured and Abandoned
Property, Lands, etc.; BureA^of En-

f raving and Printing ; Bureau of the
lint ; Office of the Supervising Archi-
tect ; Supervising Inspector-General of
Steam Vessels ; Office of the Superin-
tendent of the Life-Saving Service ; Office
of the Light-House Board ; Supervising
Surgeon-General of Marine Hospitals ;
First Comptroller; Second Comptroller;
Commissioner of Customs ; First Au-
ditor ; Second Auditor ; Third Auditor ;
Fourth Auditor; Fifth Auditor; Sixth
Auditor ; Treasurer ; Register ; Comp-
troller of the Currency ; Commissioner
of Internal Revenue ; Coast Survey.

In the bureaus of the Treasury De-
partment (exclusive of the Bureau of
Engraving and Printing) there are em-
ployed at Washington, in round numbers,
1600 males and 600 females ; in the Bu-
reau of Engraving and Printing, 450
males and 460 females ; making a total
of 2050 males and 1060 females.

POWERS OF THE TREASURY DEPART-
MENT.

All claims and demands whatever by
the United States or against them, and
all accounts whatever in which the
United States are concerned, either as
debtors or as creditors, are settled and
adjusted in the Treasury Department.

The fiscal year in all matters of ac-
counts, receipts, expenditures, estimates,
and appropriations commences on the
first of July.

The commissions of all officers em-
ployed in levying or collecting the public
revenue are made out and recorded in
the Treasury Department.

Separate accounts of all moneys re-
ceived from internal taxes in each State,
Territory, and collection district, and of
the amount of each species of tax, must
be kept in the Treasury Department.

Neither the Secretary, First Comp-
troller, First Auditor, Treasurer, nor Reg-
ister can be concerned in, interested in, or
carry on, directly or indirectly, any trade
or commerce, or be owner in whole or
in part of any sea vessel, or purchase
any public lands or other public property
or any public securities of any State or
the United States, or apply to his own
use any gain or emolument for negotia-
ting or transacting any business in the
Treasury Department, other than what is
allowed by law, under penalty of a fine
of $3000, removal from office, and dis-
qualification to hold any office under the
United States.

Every clerk is forbidden to trade in the
funds or debts of the United States, or to
accept any compensation for negotiating
or transacting any business in the De-
partment, under penalty of a fine of 500
and removal from office.

DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

It is the duty of the Secretary to pre-
pare plans for the improvement and man-
agement of the revenue and for the sup-
port of the public credit ; to prescribe
the forms of keeping and rendering all

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

public accounts; to grant all warrants
for moneys to be issued from the Treas-
ury in pursuance of appropriations made
by Congress ; to report to the Senate and
House in person or in writing informa-
tion required by them appertaining to his
office, and to perform all duties relative
to the finances that he shall be directed to
perform.

\' The Secretary must order the collec-
tion, the deposit, the transfer, the safe-
keeping, and the disbursement of the reve-
nue; and direct the auditing and settling
the accounts thereof, respectively.

In ordering the collection of the reve-
nue, the receipt and disbursement of the
same from the Treasury ; in directing
the auditing and settling the accounts
connected therewith; in the collecting
and registering the statistics of commer-
cial and manufacturing operations, and
in the custody of the archives of the De-
partment, he has the aid of a corps of
bureau officers, under his superintend-
ence and direction ; whose duties will be
hereafter more particularly set forth.

CUSTOMS AND INTERNAL REVENUE.

He is authorized to direct the superin-
tendence of the collection of the duties
on imports and tonnage as he shall judge
best, and in the exercise of this power he
may issue such instructions and regula-
tions, and prescribe such blank forms as
may be necessary ; and in case of a dif-
ference of construction in the revenue
laws between the customs officers and
importers, the decision of the Secretary
is binding upon all.

He entertains and decides all appeals
made by importers from the decisions of
collectors assessing duties, and as to all
fees, charges, and exactions on the ton-
nage of any vessel or upon imported
merchandise.

The law gives him discretionary power
in fixing the compensation of many offi-
cers of the customs.

He may abate or refund duties on mer-
chandise injured or destroyed by accident,
fire, or other casualty while in the custody
of officers of customs, in' private or public
warehouse, appraiser's store or other-
wise.

He designates common-carriers for the
transportation of merchandise entered at
one port and destined for another, exact-
ing bond with sufficient sureties.

He may remit forfeitures in case of
sale of goods seized in violation of cus-

toms laws, the value of which does not
exceed $500, and restore the proceeds to
the owner, where the appeal is made
within three months, and sufficient proof
is furnished that the forfeiture was in-
curred without wilful negligence or intent
to defraud the revenue.

He may make awards to persona
making complaint, and who prosecute
to judgment or conviction, in any case
of fine, penalty, or forfeiture incurred
for violation of the internal revenue
laws, the compensation or allowance
which may be forfeited by a collector
who fails in his duty to report such case
to the 'proper district attorney within
the prescribed time.

He may restore to the owner proceeds
of goods sold by Collectors of Internal
Revenue, where the amount is $500, and
application is made within one year, sat-
isfactory proof being furnished that the
owner was absent from the United States
and did not know of the seizure, and
without wilful neglect or intention to
defraud.

He may inquire into the circumstances
of a debtor imprisoned upon execution
issued from any court of the United
States, and upon satisfactory proof that
he is unable to pay the debt, and that
he has not concealed or made any con-
veyance of his estate in trust for himself
or with intent to defraud the United
States, receive from such debtor any deed,
assignment or conveyance, or property
or collateral security, and issue his order
to the prison-keeper to discharge the
debtor.

He may remit fines, penalties, and for-
feitures incurred by a vessel or upon
merchandise, where the sum is not less
than $1000.

He prescribes the rules and modes of
remission of fines, penalties, and forfeit-
ures.

He may afford suitable compensation,
out of money specially appropriated, in
certain cases, under the customs revenue
laws, to officers of customs and other
persons who detect and seize goods in
act of being smuggled, or which have
been smuggled, not to exceed one-half
of the net proceeds resulting from the
seizure, and not exceeding in any case
$5000.

He may order re-examination and re-
liquidation where duties have been
assessed under an erroneous view of the
facts, and make refund of the amounts
collected in excess of the proper amount
to be collected.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

SAFE-KEEPING AND DISBURSEMENT
OF PUBLIC MONEYS.

The Secretary directs and fixes the
penalty of all bonds given by disbursing
officers of the Treasury Department ; re-
ceives deposits of gold coin and bullion
in the Treasury of the United States or
Sub-Treasuries, not less than $20, and
issues certificates therefor, in denomi-
nations of not less than $20, and may
issue certificates representing coin in the
Treasury in payment therefor, not to
exceed 20 per cent, of the coin and
bullion in the Treasury.

He must publish each month in some
newspaper at the seat of Government the
last preceding weekly statement of the
Treasurer of the United States, showing
the amount to his credit in the different
banks, in the Mint, or other depositories.
He may designate any officer, giving
bonds, to be disbursing agent for the
payment of moneys appropriated for
construction of public buildings in the
district of such officer.

He may designate Collectors of Inter-
nal Revenue as disbursing agents as to
expenses in connection with the collection
of taxes and other expenses of the Inter-
nal Revenue service, they giving bonds
with sufficient sureties.

He may designate one or more deposit-
ories for the safe-keeping of money col-
lected under the Internal Revenue laws ;
and he may designate national banking
associations as depositories of all public
moneys, except moneys received from
customs.

He may employ special agents to be
charged with the disbursement of public
money, they to give bond in such form
and with such security as he may ap-
prove.

He directs the deposit of public money
where there is no Assistant Treasurer,
under such regulations as will insure its
safety ; and he may direct examination
to be made of the books, accounts, and
money on hand of the several deposit-
ories, and may appoint for that purpose
special agents, and fix their compensation
not exceeding $6 per diem and travelling
expenses.

He is authorized to direct any Nava
Officer or Surveyor, as a check upon an
Assistant Treasurer or a Collector of
Customs, and any Register of the Land
Office as a check upon a Receiver, to make
examinations of books, accounts, returns
and money in the hands of Assistanl
Treasurers, Collectors, or Receivers.

THE PUBLIC CREDIT.

He may issue such instructions to the
ollectors, Receivers, Depositaries, Offi-
cers, and others who may receive Treas-
ury notes and United States notes, or who
may be employed in the preparation and
issue of the same, as he may deem best.

He may purchase and provide ma-
chinery and materials, and employ such
persons as may be necessary in the
engraving, printing, and execution of
United States notes.

He may pay at par and cancel any six
per cent, bonds which are redeemable ;
and he may anticipate interest on the
public debt not exceeding one year. He
may also purchase coin with bonds of the
United States, at such rates and on such
terms as he may deem most advantageous
to the public interests.

Whenever it appears by clear proof
that any interest-bearing bond has been
destroyed, or so defaced as to impair its
value, without bad faith on the part of
the possessor, and such bond is identified
by its number and description, he may,
under proper regulations, issue a dupli-
cate thereof, having the same time to run
and bearing like interest ; and in case a
registered bond is lost, he may issue a
duplicate bond under like requirements.
And he may exchange registered for
coupon bonds.

He is also authorized to pay at par and
cancel, with any coin in the Treasury
which may be lawfully applied for such
purpose, or which may be derived from
the sale of any bonds authorized to be
disposed of, any six per centum five-
twenty bonds of the United States which
shall become redeemable by the terms of
their issue, and the interest on such called
bonds will cease after the expiration of
three months from date of the notice.

COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

He is required to report to Congress
annually, on the first Monday of Janu-
ary, the results of the information com-
piled by the Bureau of Statistics, showing
the condition of manufactures, domestic
trade, currency, and banks in the several
States and Territories; and also a report
showing the amount of money collected
from seamen on account of hospital tax ;
also the names and compensation of all
persons employed in the Coast Survey,
with full statement of all the expenses
incurred by that service.

He is required to apportion the cir-

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

culating notes of national banking asso-
ciations among the several States and
Territories, in a specified manner and in
accordance with the demands of trade.

He has general direction of the coinage
of the country, the mints, and assay of
metals and bullion, which is under the
immediate superintendence of the Di-
rector of the Mint; also the distribution,
circulation, and redemption of gold,
silver, and minor coins, and the purchase
of metal for coinage, and recoinage of
foreign coins into the coinage of the
United States.

The Secretary prescribes regulations
for killing in Alaska Territory and ad-
jacent waters of m-inks, martins, sable,
and other fur-bearing animals, and to
provide for the execution of the law for
the protection of fur-bearing animals in
Alaska. And he may direct the arrest
of persons and the seizure of vessels or
of merchandise subject to fines, penalties,
or forfeitures under the laws extending
protection to such animals, and may
remit such fines as in other cases.

He is authorized to lease after expira-
tion or forfeiture of the present lease of
the Alaska Commercial Company, under
act of July 1, 1870, to responsible par-
ties, the right of taking fur seals on the
islands of St. Paul and St. George for
twenty (20) years, for a sum of not less
than $50,000 per year, upon giving a
bond with securities in a sum not less
than $500,000, conditioned upon the faith-
ful observance of all laws of Congress
and regulations of the Treasury bearing
upon the subject; and he may vacate
any such lease for violation of the pro-
visions of the law, and is authorized to
employ one agent and three assistant
agents on the seal islands.

He may suspend the act prohibiting
importation of neat cattle, whenever he
shall have determined that the importa-
tions will not introduce and spread con-
tagious or infectious diseases among cat-
tle in the United States.

He may issue enrolments to vessels
built in foreign countries, when wrecked
in the United States and purchased and
repaired by a citizen of the United States,
when the repairs equal three-fourths of
the cost of the vessel. He shall cause
blank certificates of registry, and other
papers and forms to be furnished to col-
lectors of districts, attested under the seal
of the Treasury and the hand of the Reg-
ister. He has power to direct a Collector
to grant a new certificate of registry to a
vessel so sold and transferred by process

of law, and the register has been obtained
by a former owner, when satisfied that
the law has been complied with.

He may prescribe regulations for num-
bering registered, enrolled, and licensed
vessels. He may cause license to be
granted to yachts employed as pleasure
vessels, which are designed as models of
naval architecture, on such terms as will
permit their sailing from port to port
without clearing from the custom-house,
upon a bond being given with sufficient
sureties, conditioned that the vessels shall
not engage in any unlawful trade.

He has the control, direction, and estab-
lishment of life-saving stations, and the
appointment of superintendents, assistant
superintendents, keepers, and other em-
ployes of the life-saving service, and
may give all necessary instructions in
relation to the* same. He may establish
life-saving stations at such light-houses as
he may deem best ; and he may cause to
be prepared medals of honor with suit-
able devices, of the first and second class,
to be bestowed upon persons who may
endanger their lives in saving, or endeav-
oring to save lives from the perils of the
sea, within the United States or upon
American vessels.

He may authorize any surveyor of any
port of delivery to enrol and license ves-
sels engaged in the coastwise trade and
fisheries, in like manner as collectors.

He is required to direct the adminis-
tration of the steamboat inspection laws.

He is ex-officio president of the Light-
House Board, and may convene the Board
when the exigencies of the service re-
quire it ; and they discharge, under his
superintendence, the administrative duties
relating to the construction, administra-
tion, inspection, and care of light-houses,
and all vessels, beacons, buoys, sea-
marks, and other appendages. lie is
authorized to assign Collectors of Cus-
toms as superintendents of light-houses,
beacons, etc.

He may remit fines, penalties, and
forfeitures under the provisions relating
to registering, recording, enrolling, or
licensing of vessels, and direct the dis-
continuance of prosecution on such terms
as he may deem reasonable.

PUBLIC ACCOUNTS.

He must require all accounts to be set-
tled each fiscal year, except in certain
cases in his discretion. He must lay
before Congress each session the reports
of the Auditors, showing the application

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

of appropriations made for the War and
Navy Departments, also abstracts and
tabulated forms showing separate ac-
counts of moneys received from internal
duties.

He must also transmit to Congress
copies of each of the accounts of the
superintendent of the Treasury build-
ings ; also all amounts expended under
the head of " contingent expenses" in
the several Bureaus of the Treasury De-
partment, all amounts paid for furniture
and repairs of furniture, and those re-
ceived from the disposal of furniture.

Whenever the President designates an
officer to perform the duties of another
officer, the Secretary must cause notice
of such designation to be given to all the
accounting officers.

There are many other specific powers
and duties conferred upon the Secretary
relating to the public credit, the safe-
keeping and disbursement of the public
moneys ; to commerce and navigation ;
to accounts, public property, and miscel-
laneous subjects, including appropriations
and payment of claims.

PUBLIC PROPERTY.

The rent or sale of any unproductive
lands or other public property acquired
under judicial process or otherwise, in
the collection of debts due the United
States, requires the Secretary's approval.
The Secretary may direct the Solicitor of
the Treasury to cause a stipulation for
the discharge of any property owned or
claimed by the United States, or in which
the United States has an interest, from
seizure or attachment, as security or sat-
isfaction of any claim made against such
property, in any judicial proceeding
under the laws of any State, district, or
Territory.

The Secretary may make such con-
ditions in the interest of the Government
fur the preservation, sale, or collection of
any property or proceeds thereof which
may have been wrecked or abandoned,
being within the jurisdiction of the
United States, which ought to come to
the United States, or for recovery of any
moneys, dues, or other interests lately
in possession or due the so-called Con-
federate States or its agents, and now
belonging to the United States, by any
person or corporation, and allow just
and reasonable compensation out of the
money or property to any person giving
information, or who shall actually pre-
serve, collect, surrender, or pay the same.

He may receive on the same terms as
the original bequest of James Srnithson
such sums as the Regents of the Smith-
sonian Institution may see fit to deposit,
not exceeding, witfc the original bequest,
one million dollars.

He may defer the operations on any
public buildings for which an appropria-
tion has been made, but not commenced,
or he may proceed with the same when,
in his opinion, the public interests require
it.

He may set aside any selection made
of a site for a public building when, in
his opinion, the location was not made
solely with reference to the interests and
convenience of the public and the Gov-
ernment.

Before any new buildings for the use
of the United Spates are commenced, the
plans and full estimates therefor must be
prepared and approved by the Secretary
of the Treasury, the Postmaster-General,
and the Secretary of the Interior.

FORCE IN SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk (of the Department) $3000

Chief of Division of Warrants, etc 2750

Chief of Division of Customs 2750

6 chiefs of Division, each 2500

Assistant chief of Division of Warrants. 2400

2 assistant chiefs of Division, each 2100

6 " " " " 2000

Stenographer to the Secretary 2000

2 disbursing clerks, each 2500

3 clerks, each 1900

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

900

840

720

2 conductors of elevators, each 720

43 laborers, each 660

1 captain of watch 1200

2 lieutenants " each 900

58 watchmen, each 720

1 engineer 1400

1 assistant engineer 1000

1 machinist and gasfitter 1200

1 storekeeper 1200

6 firemen, each 720

75 charwomen or cleaners, each 180

ASSIGNMENT OF BUSINESS AND DU-
TIES IN THE SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

FIRST ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
The general supervision of all the work
assigned to the Divisions of Appoint-
ments ; Public Moneys ; Revenue Ma-
rine ; Stationery, Printing, and Blanks ;

7 messengers, each.

7 assistant messengers, each.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Loans and Currency ; Bureau of Engrav-
ing and Printing ; and Bureau of the
Mint.

The signing of all letters and papers
as Assistant Secretary, or " by order of
the Secretary," relating to the business
of the foregoing Divisions and Bureaus,
that do not by law require the signature
of the Secretary of the Treasury.

The performance of such other duties
as may be prescribed by the Secretary,
or by law.

SECOND ASSISTANT SECRETARY.

The general supervision of all the work
assigned to the Divisions of Customs ;
Special Agents; Internal Revenue and
Navigation ; Warrants, Estimates, and
Appropriations ; and to the Offices of
Supervising Architect ; Supervising Sur-
geon-General of Marine Hospitals ; Bu-
reau of Statistics; and Supervising In-
spector-General of Steamboats.

The signing of all letters and papers
as Assistant Secretary, or " by order of
the Secretary," relating to the business
of the foregoing Divisions that do not by
law require the signature of the Secre-
tary of the Treasury, and the signing,
instead of the Secretary, of certain war-
rants under Section 246 of the Revised
Statutes.

The performance of such other duties
as may be prescribed by the Secretary, or
by law.

CHIEF CLERK.

The supervision, under the immediate
direction of the Secretary and Assistant
Secretaries, of the duties of the clerks
and employe's connected with the Depart-
ment.

The superintendence and custody of
all buildings or parts of buildings occu-
pied by the Treasury Department in this
city, and supervision over the force which
is in any way connected with the care of
them ; the transmission of the mails be-
tween the Department and the Post-Of-
fice ; the care of all horses, wagons, and
carriages employed in the transaction of
Departmental business ; and the direction
of those persons employed as engineers,
machinists, firemen, or laborers, who are
paid from the appropriation for contin-
gent expenses of the Department.

The expenditure of the appropriations
for contingent expenses of the Treasury
Department ; for furniture and repairs
of same for public buildings under con-
trol of the Treasury Department ; for

fuel, lights, water, and miscellaneous
items for public buildings under control
of the Treasury Department ; the keep-
ing of the accounts of said expenditures
and the preparation of all reports relat-
ing thereto, the supervision of the ac-
counts of the custodians of public build-
ings, and the keeping of an account of
all property in buildings under the con-
trol of the Treasury Department.

The distribution of the mail ; the cus-
tody of the records and files and library
of the Secretary's Office, the answering
of calls from Congress, other Depart-
ments, the Court of Claims, and else-
where, for copies of papers, records, etc.

The compilation and publication of the
monthly digest of circulars and decisions
of the Secretary.

Supervision of all the official correspond-
ence of the Secretary's Office, so far as to
see that it is expressed in correct and
official form ; the enforcement of the
general regulations of the Department,
and the charge of all business of the Sec-
retary's Office not assigned to some one
of the Divisions or Bureaus attached to
the office.

DIVISION OF APPOINTMENTS.

The supervision of all matters relating
to the appointment, removal, promotion,
or suspension of the officers, clerks, mes-
sengers, etc., under the control of the
Treasury Department, and the custody
of papers pertaining thereto ; including
the examination of applications and rec-
ommendations for appointment or em-
ployment, and the preparation of com-
missions therefor ; the examination and
investigation of all complaints and
charges against officials or employe's,
except when such investigation is other-
wise specially directed ; the preparation
of reports required by law to be laid be-
fore Congress by the Secretary of the
Treasury, relative to the employment
and compensation of persons in various
branches of the public service ; and the
preparation and publication of the United
States Treasury Register.

Also the preparation of the material
for the Biennial Register, or Blue Book
of the United States, so far as the Treas-
ury Department and its several branches
are concerned.

The verification of all pay-rolls of the
Department and all vouchers for salaries
of steamboat inspectors, custodians, en-
gineers, firemen, and janitors ; the in-
spection of the accounts of Internal

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

Revenue gaugers ; and the examination
of all estimates for salaries and compen-
sation of officers and employes, and of
incidental expenses payable from the
appropriation for collecting the cus-
toms revenue and keeping account
thereof.

The keeping account of absence from
duty of employes in the several Bureaus
and offices of the Department, and the
consideration of requests for leave of
absence.

The following is a more detailed ac-
count of the duties and business of the
Appointment Division :

1. THE CUSTOM-HOUSE ESTABLISH-
MENT.

There are 131 Collection Districts and
ports, with 194 principal or Presidential,
and 3530 subordinate appointments ; all
of which are made out and recorded in
the Division, involving a great number
of details. The testimonials in favor of,
charges against the applicant or nominee,
as well as the papers for and against the
incumbent of the office (which are often
voluminous), are examined and briefed
for the Secretary's information.

The papers in connection with Presi-
dential appointments under the Treasury
Department are filed in this office, and in
cases of contest they are very volumi-
nous, and have to be read, arranged, and
briefed ; and when the appointment is de-
cided upon, the nomination is written for
the President's signature and transmitted
to the Senate. Then, if there is a contest
in that body, additional recommendations
and charges are filed, which have to be
examined, and, if called for, briefed and
sent to the Senate. Finally, when the
nomination is confirmed by the Senate,
the commission is made out and recorded
in the Appointment Division.

Minor appointments in the customs
service are made on nominations of the

Erincipal officers with the approval of the
ecretary of the Treasury, and in many
cases their compensation is determined
by the Secretary.

This manner of making appointments
entails a large amount of correspondence,
and requires a large number of record
books to be kept.

The nomination by a Collector or other
principal officer of a person for a minor
appointment is not approved as a matter
of routine, but, under the law and regu-
lations, often involves an investigation

of the character and qualifications of the
nominee, and a hearing of the complaints
against and commendations in favor of
the incumbent of the office, if there be
one.

Every one of these appointments is
recorded in proper registers, and all
action taken in respect to them is kept
posted up to date, so that a complete
record of every person in the custom-
houses of the country is always at hand.
These records form the basis of the pay-
ments made on account of salaries, and
the Collector's estimates for funds are
verified and approved upon them.

2. APPOINTMENTS IN THE DEPART-
MENT PROPER.

There are about 3000 officers, clerks,
etc., in the Department proper, subject
to appointment ; and the number of
changes involved in one year is very
large. The great number of places in
the gift of the Treasury Department
promises so strong a hope for appoint-
ment that many thousands of applica-
tions are received yearly.

The papers must be arranged and filed
for ready reference.

A record of all changes is kept, and the
pay-roll of each and every Bureau must
be verified and approved by the Appoint-
ment Division before payment is made.

3. INTERNAL REVENUE AND OTHER
BRANCHES OF THE SERVICE.

There are 126 collectors and 1870 store-
keepers, gaugers, and inspectors of to-
bacco in the Internal Revenue service;
995 light-house keepers", and several hun-
dred other employes in the light-house
service ; 204 revenue marine officers ; 189
superintendents and keepers of life-sav-
ing stations ; and 224 persons employed
in marine hospital service.

There are 9 Sub-Treasuries, with 9
Presidential and 183 subordinate ap-
pointments ; 10 Steamboat Inspection
Districts, with 10 Presidential and 100
subordinate appointments; 27 principal
officers of the Mint; 137 janitors and
225 engineers, firemen, etc., employed in
the various public buildings.

All these appointments are made out
and recorded in the Appointment Divi-
sion.

The chief of the Division is charged
with the examination of complaints
against employes, made by their credit-
ors, of the non-payment of bills and

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

accounts, and to ascertain the facts in
each case ; and if the debt is found to
be just, and contracted for family sup-
plies, and other necessaries, while the
employe has been in the service of the
Department, the chief is to see that pay-
ment is made.

The reception-room of the Appointment
Office is always open to the public and to
the employe's of the Department, which
fact, taken together with the nature of
the business intrusted to it, is sufficient
to cause a large number of callers, all of
whom must be answered civilly and re-
spectfully. The majority of these callers,
of course, are seeking employment for
themselves or on behalf of others ; and
it is difficult to convince some of them
of the impossibility to do what they want
done. It is frequently tedious and un-
pleasant to listen to the tales of distress
and misfortune, as well as the merits and
claims of the applicants.

From twelve to fifteen thousand letters
are yearly written and recorded in the
Appointment Division.

DIVISION OF WARRANTS, ESTIMATES,
AND APPROPRIATIONS.

The issue of all warrants for the re-
ceipt and payment of public moneys, and
of appropriation and surplus-fund war-
rants.

The preparation and keeping of all ap-
propriation, sinking fund, public debt,
and Pacific Railroad accounts.

The compilation and publication, for
the use of Congress, of the annual esti-
mates of appropriations required for the
service of all Departments of the Govern-
ment, and of the digest of appropriations
made at each session of Congress, with
the designation of titles under which
funds may be drawn from appropria-
tions.

The preparation of the statements of
the annual receipts and expenditures of
the Government, and of the tables ac-
companying the annual report of the
Secretary of the Treasury.

The publication of the monthly state-
ments of the public debt, and the prep-
aration of the daily statement showing
the financial condition of the Treasury.

The preparation of statistical tables
relating to the finances, embracing all
information connected with the receipts
and expenditures of the Government
from its foundation to the present time ;
and generally all matters connected with
the foregoing.

HOW MONEY IS RECEIVED INTO AND
PAID OUT OF THE UNITED STATES
TREASURY.

Under the regulations of the Depart-
ment, Collectors of Customs, Collectors
of Internal Revenue, Receivers of public
moneys from sales of land, and all officers
authorized to receive moneys due to the
Government, from whatever source or
account, are required to deposit the same
daily or at stated periods, according to
the amounts and facilities for making
deposit, with the Treasurer of the United
States, an Assistant Treasurer, or desig-
nated Depositary, which is usually a
national bank. The officer receiving the
deposit then gives a certificate to the
collecting officer that certain sums have
been deposited, whereupon he forthwith
forwards the certificate of deposit to the
Secretary of the Treasury, in whose
office it is compared with the weekly
transcript or statement of public moneys
received on deposit made and sent by
the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, or
Depositary. The Secretary then issues
his warrant, which is an order directed
to the collecting officer, commanding him
to pay the money into the Treasury.
After this warrant, which is called a
covering warrant, is issued, the money
cannot be drawn out of the Treasury,
except upon an appropriation made by
act of Congress.

REPAYMENT.

When a disbursing officer of the Gov*
eminent has on hand funds advanced to
him by the Secretary from an appropri-
ation, for which he has no use, that is,
an excess or unexpended balance of
money which he was to disburse for cer-
tain specified objects, and those objects
having been completed, he must deposit
the same, as above described, and the
certificate of deposit takes the same course
as a deposit of revenues, except that the
amount is covered to the credit of the
appropriation out of which it was origi-
nally drawn, and to the personal credit
of the officer. If moneys so deposited
are not required within two years for the
objects for which appropriated, they are
then carried to the surplus fund, that is,
they are covered into the Treasury, and
cannot be drawn out except by a reappro-
priation made by law.

Money is paid out of the Treasury only
when an appropriation is made by an act
of Congress, as provided by the Consti-

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

tution of the United States, and usually
in two ways only :

1st. By warrants of the Secretary of
the Treasury addressed to the Treasurer
of the United States, directing him to pay
to disbursing officers, with which to pay
salaries and expenses of the public ser-
vice. These warrants are based upon
requisitions from heads of Departments
having charge of the service on which
account the money has been appropriated.
These are called accountable warrants.

2d. Warrants drawn in the same man-
ner in favor of individuals, corporations,
firms, etc., upon accounts settled by the
accounting officers of the Government,
to satisfy claims, services rendered, and
other miscellaneous demands. These are
called settlement warrants.

DIVISION OF PUBLIC MONEYS.

The supervision of the several Inde-
pendent-Treasury offices, the designation
of National Bank and other depositories,
and the obtaining from them of proper
securities.

The keeping of a general account of
receipts into the Treasury, the classifica-
tion of such receipts, and the preparation
of lists thereof on which to issue cover-
ing warrants.

The directing of all public officers, ex-
cept postmasters, as to the deposit of the
public moneys collected by them.

The issue and enforcement of regula-
tions governing Independent-Treasury
officers, and the several depositaries and
public disbursing officers, in the safe-
keeping and disbursement of public
moneys intrusted to them.

The supervision of the business per-
taining to "outstanding liabilities," the
issue and payment of duplicate checks,
the transportation of public moneys and
securities, and expenses thereof, and the
expenses of the Independent-Treasury
offices.

The care and final disposition of mon-
eys arising from fines, penalties, and for-
feitures under the Internal Revenue laws.

The direction for special transfers of
public moneys; and, generally, all matters
pertaining to the foregoing.

DIVISION OF CUSTOMS.

The examination of all questions aris-
ing under the tariff laws, upon appeals
from decisions of Collectors of Customs,
involving the rates and amount of duties
on imports; the consideration of cases

involving errors in invoices and entries ;
refund and abatement of duties ; draw-
back of customs duties on articles man-
ufactured in the United States out of
imported material, and establishing the
rates of drawback.

The consideration of all questions aris-
ing upon the construction of the customs
laws, and the general regulations there-
under, in regard to the entry, appraisal,
and delivery of merchandise, and pay-
ment of duties thereon ; correspondence
with consular officers, through the De-
partment of State, in regard to dutiable
values, invoices, etc. ; supervision of Ap-
praisers in securing uniformity of valua-
tion of dutiable merchandise at the
various ports ; and compromises in cus-
toms cases.

Supervision of the seal-fisheries in
Alaska, and such other matters in that
Territory as are placed by law in charge
of the Secretary of the Treasury.

DIVISION OF INTERNAL REVENUE
AND NAVIGATION.

The examination of petitions for the
remission of fines, penalties, and forfei-
tures, under the customs, internal reve-
nue, navigation and steamboat-inspection
laws, and applications for compromise of
claims in favor of the United States, ex-
cept customs cases.

All Internal Revenue business coming
before the Secretary's office, except such
as relates to appointments.

The examination of questions relating
to the marine documents, entry, clear-
ance, hypothecation, and admeasurement
and tonnage of vessels, tax on tonnage,
fees for the services of revenue officers,
and the transportation of merchandise in
vessels ; and, generally, all business con-
nected with the foregoing.

DIVISION OF LOANS AND CURRENCY.

The supervision of the details of all
matters pertaining to loans and the issue
and redemption of United States bonds ;
including the details of negotiating
United States interest-bearing securities ;
the preparation of orders for engraving
and printing United States bonds ; the
original issue and delivery of bonds ; the
preparation and distribution of circulars
designating bonds for redemption ; the
counting, cancellation, and record of
bonds received for redemption ; the can-
cellation and record of coupon bonds re-
ceived for exchange for registered stock,

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

and the preparation of vouchers for the
issue of registered bonds ; the examina-
tion and record of transfers of registered
United States securities ; notice of ca-
veats filed against the United States se-
curities alleged to be destroyed, lost, or
stolen, and, in connection therewith, the
procuring of evidence for the courts and
law officers of the Department, and, in
case of reissue, the securing of the requi-
site indemnity for the Government ; the
record of issues of gold and currency
certificates, and their cancellation upon
redemption ; and the receipt, counting,
cancellation, record, and destruction of
redeemed District of Columbia securities.

The supervision of all matters under
the immediate charge of the Secretary of
the Treasury relating to the counting,
cancellation, record, and destruction of
all redeemed and mutilated United States
notes and fractional currency, and In-
ternal Revenue stamps redeemed or mu-
tilated in printing.

The charge of the distinctive paper
for United States notes, bonds, and cur-
rency ; embracing its receipt from the
superintendent at the manufactory ; its
issue upon proper requisitions ; the keep-
ing of accounts thereof with the super-
intendent at the manufactory, the Bureau
of Engraving and Printing, the various
bank-note companies, the Comptroller of
the Currency, the Treasurer of the United
States, and the Register of the Treasury,
and other necessary accounts to show the
disposition of said paper from the time
of its manufacture until its final destruc-
tion as redeemed money and securities,
or mutilations ; a similar account of all
paper used for Internal Revenue stamps
from the time of its receipt by the super-
intendent at the manufactory until its
delivery to the Commissioner of Internal
Revenue in stamps ; and, generally, all
business relating to the foregoing.

THE DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES.

The great war debt of the United States
was contracted in less than four and a
half years. In 1835 the country was
entirely oat of debt, and on January 1,
1861, the whole debt of the Union
amounted to but $66,243,721. During
the next six months it increased at the
rate of about four millions a month, and
on the first day of July, 1861, it was
$90,580,873. During the next year it
increased at the rate of more than thirty-
six millions per month, and at the close
of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1862,

it had reached $524,176,412. On July 1,
1863, it had increased to $1,119,772,138.
During the following year it increased
nearly seven hundred millions, reaching
on July 1, 1864, the sum of $1,815,784,-
370. During the next nine months, to
the close of the war, April 1, 1865, the
debt increased at the rate of about two
millions a day, or sixty millions a month ;
and for the five months next thereafter,
at the rate of about three millions a day,
or ninety millions a month, reaching its
maximum on August 31, 1865, at which
date it amounted to $2,845,907,626, less
cash in the Treasury of $88,218,055, and
was composed of the following items :

Funded debt $1,109,568,191.80

Matured debt 1,503,020.09

Temporary loans 107,148,713.16

Certificates of indebtedness... 85,093,000.00

Five per cent, legal-tender

notes 33,954,230.00

Compound interest legal-ten-
der notes 217,024,160.00

Seven-thirty notes 830,000,000.00

United States notes (legal-
tenders) 433,160,569.00

Fractional currency 26,344,742.51

Suspended requisitions un-
called for 2,111,000.00

Total $2,845,907,626.56

This table shows an aggregate of more
than one thousand two hundred and
seventy-five millions of temporary obli-
gations of the Government, of which
eight hundred and thirty millions bore
interest at 7.30 per cent, annually.

This immense amount of temporary
obligations was funded within the three
years which followed the close of the war.

The temporary loans, certificates of
indebtedness, seven-thirty notes, and all
the other items of the debt except the
legal-tender notes and fractional cur-
rency, which have been largely reduced
have either been paid, have matured
and ceased to bear interest, or have been
funded into five-twenty six per cents, of
which more than one thousand six
hundred millions ($1,602,698,950) were
issued.

The acts of July 14, 1870, and January
20, 1871, authorized the issue of bonds
for the purpose of refunding the five-
twenty six per cents. The former act
authorized the issue of fifteen hundred
millions in bonds, two hundred millions
of which were to be five per cents pay-
able ten years after date, at the pleasure
of the United States, three hundred mil-
lions of four and a half per cents payable
in fifteen years, and one thousand mil-

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

lions payable in thirty years from the date
of their issue, and bearing interest at the
rate of four per cent, per annum. The
act provided that these bonds should not
be sold for less than their par value in
coin, and that the proceeds should be
applied to the redemption of the five-
twenty bonds. The latter act increased
the amount of the five per cent, bonds to
five hundred millions, but provided that
the whole amount of bonds issued should
not exceed the amount originally author-
ized: and the subsequent act of January
25, 1879, authorized the refunding or ex-
changing of any other of the five or six
per cent, bonds which were redeemable
at the pleasure of the Government.

The whole amount of the funded debt
on the first of January, 1871, was $1,935,-
342,700, of which $1,437,097,300 con-
sisted of five-twenty six per cent, bonds,
and $194,567,300 of ten-forty five per
cent, bonds. On the first day of August,
1871, nearly sixty-six millions ($65,775,-
550) of new five percent, bonds had been
subscribed for. During the same month
an agreement was entered into by the
Secretary with Jay Cooke & Co. for the
sale of the remaining two hundred mil-
lions of said bonds, and in the month of
January, 1873, similar arrangements were
made for the sale of a large additional
amount. The remainder of the five hun-
dred millions ($178,548,300) was sold
during the next three years.

On August 24, 1876, a new contract
was made by the Secretary with A. Bel-
morit & Co. and associates, for the sale
of the three hundred millions of four and
a half per cent, bonds authorized. In
this contract the Secretary reserved the
right to terminate it by giving ten days'

notice to the contractors, and under the
contract calls were made prior to March
4, 1877, for the redemption of one hun-
dred millions of six per cents. In May,
1877, the Secretary., availing himself of
the privilege secured in the contract,
gave notice that he would limit the sale
of four and a half per cents to two hun-
dred millions ; and additional subscrip-
tions were rapidly made until that amount
was taken.

The reduction on the interest-bearing
debt of the United States, from its high-
est point, on August 31, 1865, to Novem-
ber 1, 1879, is $583,886,594, of which
amount $105,160,900 has been effected
since the refunding operations were com-
menced on May 1, 1871.

At its highest point the annual interest
on the debt was $150,977,697, while it is
now $83,773,778 only. There has, there-
fore, been a total reduction in this charge
of $67,203,919 annually.

The total annual reduction of interest
under these refunding operations, accom-
plished since March 1, 1877, is $14,290,-
416, while the saving on this account
growing out of the operations of the year
1879, is nearly nine millions ($8,803,707),
and the total annual saving in all the
refunding operations of the Government
since 1871 is nearly twenty millions
($19,900,846). These funding transac-
tions are believed to be without parallel
in financial history.

The following table exhibits the classi-
fication of the unmatured, interest-bear-
ing bonded debt of the United States on
August 31, 1865, when it reached its
maximum, and on the first day of July
annually thereafter, together with the
amount outstanding on November 1, 1879 :

Date.

6 per cent.
Bonds.

5 per cent.
Bonds.

4J/ per cent.
Bonds.

4 per cent.
Bonds.

Total.

Auo-. 31, 1865

$908 518 091

$199 792 100

$1,108 310 191

July 1, 1866

,008,388,469

198,528,435

1,206,916,904

July 1, 1867

421 110 719

198 533 435

1 619 644 154

July 1, 1868

,841,521,800

221,588,400

2,063,110,200

July 1 1869

,886 341 300

221 589 300

2 107 930 600

July 1 1870

764 932 300

221 589 300

1 986 521 600

July 1, 1871

,613 897,300

274 236 450

1 888 133 750

July 1, 1872

,374,883,800

414,567,300

1,789,451,100

July 1, 1873

,281,238,650

414 567 300

1 695 805 950

July 1 1874

213 624 700

510 628 050

1 724 9 5 750

July 1, 1875

1,100,865,550

607 132 750

1.707 998,300

July 1, 1876

984,999,650

711,685,800

1,696,685,450

July 1, 1877

854,621.850

703,266 650

$140 000 000

1 697 888,500

July 1 1878

738 619 000

703 266 650

240 000 000

$98 850 000

1 780 735 650

July 1, 1879

310,932,500

646 905 500

250 OOo'oOO

679 878,110

1 887 716,110 '

Nov. 1, 1879

283 681 350

508 440 350

250 000 000

740 845 950

1 782 967 650 j

76 THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The entire transactions in refunding since 1870 have been as follows :

Title of Loan.

Rate
per ct.

Amount Refunded.

Annual Interest
Charge.

Loan of 1858

$14 217 000

]

Ten-forties of 1864

193 890 250

- $10,405,362.50

Five-twenties of 1862

401 143 750

Five-twenties of March, 1864

1,327,100

Five-twenties of June, 1864

59 185 450

160,144,500

i- 71 234 322 00

Consols of 1865

211,337,050

Consols of 1867

316,423,800

Consols of 1868.

37 677 050

Total

$1 395 345 950

$81 639 684 50

In place of the above there have been issued bonds bearing interest as follows :

Title of Loan.

Rate
per ct.

Total Issued.

Annual Interest
Charge.

Funded Loan of 1881

$500 000 000

$25 000 000

Funded Loan of 1891

185 000 000

8 325 000

Funded Loan of 1907, including refunding cer-

710,345,950

28,413 838

Tota'

$1,395,345 950

$61 738 838

The following table shows the transactions in refunding since March 1, 1877,
and the annual saving of interest therefrom :

Title of Loan.

Rate
per ct.

Amount Refunded.

Annual Interest
Charge.

$260,000

Ten-forties of 1864

193 890 250

$9,707,512.50

Five-twenties of 1865

100,436,050

Consols of 1865

202 663 100

Consols of 1867

310,622,750

39,071,742.00

Consols of 1868

37,473,800

Total

$845,345,950

$48,779,254 50

In place of the above there have been issued bonds bearing interest as follows

Title of Loan.

Rate
per ct.

Amount Issued.

Annual Interest
Charge.

Funded Loan of 1891 . . ..

$135 000 000

$6 075 000

Funded Loan of 1907, including refunding cer-
tificates

710 345 950

28 413 838

Total

$845,345,950

$34,488,838

The following-described bonds will mature in 1880 and 1881 :

Authorizing Act.

Rate of
Interest.

Date of Maturity.

Amount.

February 8, 1861

Dec. 31, 1880

$18,415,000

July 17 and August 5 1861

June 30 1881

182 605 550

March 3, 1863

June 30, 1881

71,787,000

March 2 1861

July 1 1881

823 800

July 14, 1870, and January 20, 1871

May 1, 1881

508,440,350

Total

$782,071,700

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. .

Of these bonds, the loan of February
8, 1861, maturing December 31, 1880, is
payable upon the demand of the holders.

Under the refunding acts of July 14,
1870, and January 20, 1871, bonds for
refunding purposes were authorized in
the amount of $1,600,000,000. Of this
amount there have been issued, as above
stated, $1,395,345,950, leaving available
for future refunding operations $104,-
654,050.

There is no legislative authority for
refunding $677,417,650 of the outstand-
ing five and six per cent, bonds into bonds
bearing a lower rate of interest, but the
Secretary of the Treasury recommended,
in December, 1879, that authority be

granted to issue four per cent, bonds for
refunding the same, and a bill was intro-
duced in Congress for that purpose.

If this portion of the public debt
should be refunded into four per cent,
bonds, it would reduce the annual in-
terest charge about eleven millions of
dollars.

BONDS OF THE UNITED STATES.

The original issues of the bonds of the
United States under the several author-
izing acts of Congress enumerated below
are divided into COUPON and REGISTERED
Bonds. Of these issues the following are
the

Bonds Outstanding and Bearing Interest on December 1, 1879.

Title of Loan and Authorizing Act

Denominations.

Rate of
Interest

When Redeemable or Payable.

OREGON WAR LOAN :
March 2, 1861 Coupon

SIXES OF 1880 :
Feb. 8, 1861 Coupon
Registered...

SIXES OP 1881 :
July 17 and August 5, 1861

$50; $100; $500

6 per ct
6 per ct

6 per ct.
5 per ct.

4iperct.

Redeemable twenty years
from July 1, 1861.

Payable after December
31, 1880.

Redeemable after June
30, 1881.

Payable thirty years after
issue. (Dates of issue,
1865 to 1869.)

Redeemable May 1, 1881.

ledeemable September 1,
1891.

Redeemable July 1,1907.

$1000

$1000; $5000; $10,000.

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100; $500; ; $1000;
$5000; $10,000.

$50; $100; $500 ; $1000.
$50; $100; $500; $1000;
$5000; $10,000.

$1000; $5000; $10,000....

$50; $100; $500; $1000;
$5000; $10,000.
$50; $100; $500; $1000;
$5000; $10,000; $20,-
000; $50,000.

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100; $500; $1000;
$5000; $10,000; $20,-
000; $50,000.

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100; $500; $1000;
$5000; $10,000 j $20,-
000; $50,000.

SIXES OP 1881 :
March 3, 1863 Coupon......
Registered.

CURRENCY 6's, PACIFIC R. R. :
July 1, 1862, and July 2,
1864 Registered...

FUNDED LOAN OP 1881 :
July 14, 1870, and January
20, 1871 Coupon

Registered

FUNDED LOAN OF 1891 :
July 14, 1870, and January
20, 1871 Coupon

Registered

CONSOLS OF 1907:
July 14, 1870, and January
20, 1871 Coupon

Registered

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Bonds which have Matured and Ceased to bear Interest.

Title of Loan and Authorizing Act.

Denominations.

Rate of
Interest.

When Redeemable or Payable.

LOAN OP 1858 :

June 14, 1858 Coupon
Registered..

$1000

$5000.

5 per ct.

Redeemable after fifteen
years from January 1,

1859.

FIVES OP 1860:

June 22, 1860 Coupon

$1000; $5000

5 per ct.

Redeemable after ten

Registered..

$1000; $5000.

years from January 1,

1861.

FIVE-TWENTIES OP 1862 :

Feb. 25, 1862 Coupon

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100, -$500; $1000;

6 per ct.

Redeemable after five and
payable twenty years

Registered...

$5000; $10,000.

from May 1, 1862.

FIVE-TWENTIES OP 1864:

March 3, 1864 Registered..

$100; $500; $1000;

6 per ct.

Redeemable after five and

$5000

payable twenty years

from November 1, 1864.

TEN-FORTIES :

March 3, 1864 Coupon
Registered..

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100; $500; $1000;

5 per ct.

Redeemable after ten and
payable forty years

$5000; $10,000.

from March 1, 1864.

FIVE-TWENTIES OP 1864:

June 30, 1864 Coupon
Registered..

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100; $500; $1000;
$5000; $10,000.

6 per ct.

Redeemable after five and
payable twenty years
from November 1, 1864.

FiVE-TWENTIES OF 1865 :

March 3, 1865 Coupon
Registered..

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100, -$500; $1000;

6 per ct.

Redeemable after five and
payable twenty years

$5000; $10,000.

from November 1, 1865.

CONSOLS OP 1865 :

March 3, 1865 Coupon

$50; $100; $500; $1000.

6 per ct.

Redeemable after five and

Registered..

$50; $100; $500; $1000;

payable twenty years

$5000; $10,000.

from July 1, 1865.

CONSOLS OP 1867 :

March 3, 1865 Coupon
Registered..

$50; $100; $500; $1000.
$50; $100: $500; $1000;

6 per ct.

Redeemable after five and
payable twenty years

$5000; $10,000.

from July 1, 1867.

CONSOLS OP 1868 :

March 3, 1865 Coupon

$50; $100; $500; $1000.

6 per ct.

Redeemable after five and

Registered..

$500; $1000; $5000;

payable twenty years

$10,000.

from July 1, 1868.

COUPON BONDS.

The coupon bonds of the United States
are payable to bearer, and they pass by
delivery, without endorsement; except
those authorized by the act of March 2,
1861, known as the Oregon War Loan,
which, being payable to certain parties
or their assigns, are transferable only by
assignment; such assignment to be exe-
cuted and acknowledged in like manner
as in the case of registered bonds of other
loans.

Coupon bonds, with the exception
above mentioned, are convertible into
registered bonds of the same loan ; but
the law does not authorize the conversion
of registered into coupon bonds.

Coupon bonds forwarded to the Treas-

ury Department for exchange into regis-
tered bonds should be addressed to the
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Loan Di-
vision ; and when bonds of more than
one issue are transmitted in the same
package, a separate letter of explicit
instructions should accompany the bonds
of each issue.

REGISTERED BONDS.

The registered bonds of the United
States differ from the coupon bonds in
the following respects, namely: (1) They
have inscribed or expressed upon their
face the names of the parties who own
them, denominated payees ; (2) they are
payable only to such payees or their as-
signs ; and (3) the property or ownership

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

in them can be transferred only by as-
signment. For the purpose of assigning
them, there are forms printed on the
backs of the bonds, together with direc-
tions to be followed in the execution of
such assignments.

A ledger account is opened in the
Treasury Department with each holder
of one or more registered bonds ; and in
this account each bond is fully described.
All recognized transfers must be made
upon the loan-books in the Register's
Office.

TRANSMISSION OF BONDS.

When registered bonds are properly
assigned, they should be transmitted to
the Register of the Treasury, and be ac-
companied by a letter of explicit instruc-
tions, stating the amount enclosed ; the
loan to which the bonds belong ; the de-
nominations of the bonds desired in ex-
change therefor ; the name and residence
of each assignee; and giving full par-
ticulars with regard to the payment of
interest, in order that the new bonds
may be issued in a proper manner, and
the requisite entries be made on the books
of the Treasury Department.

When bonds of different loans are for-
warded in one remittance, a separate
letter of instructions should accompany
the bonds of each loan.

Letters of instructions sent with bonds
of the funded five per cent, loan of 1881,
the funded four and a half per cent, loan
of 1891, and the four per cent, consols
of 1907, transmitted for transfer, should
state the residence of the assignee and
contain the address to which quarterly-
interest checks should be mailed.

NEW BONDS.

Registered bonds received for transfer
are cancelled, and new bonds in their
stead are issued in the name of the as-
signee. These bear interest from the
first day of the quarter or half-year (as
their interest-term may run) in which
the transfer shall have been made. As
a rule, returns are made on the same day
that the bonds are received, and made in-
variably by mail, unless otherwise in-
structed. When bonds are sent, or re-
turned, by express or by registered mail,
the entire expense thus incurred must be
borne by the party desiring the transfer.

PAYMENT OF INTEREST AND CLOSING
OF TRANSFER-BOOKS.

The interest on registered bonds of the

various loans falls due upon the following
dates respectively :

Loan of February 8, 1861, January 1 ; July 1.

Loan of July 17, 1861, and Aug. 5, 1861, Janu-
ary 1 ; July 1.

Loan of March 3, 1863, January 1; July 1.

Currency Sixes, Pacific Railroad, January 1 j
July 1.

Five per cent. Funded Loan of 1881, February
1 ; May 1 ; August 1 ; November 1.

Four and a half per cent. Funded Loan of
1891, March 1; June 1; September 1; De-
cember 1.

Four per cent. Consols of 1907, January 1 ;
April 1 ; July 1 ; October 1.

Interest on registered bonds of the
funded loans of 1881 and 1891, and the
four per cent, consols of 1907, is paid
only by checks drawn at the Treasury
Department. These checks will be sent
by mail when the post-office address is
known ; when this is not known, they
will be held by the Treasurer of the
United States until called for by the
payees thereof. The checks are payable,
when properly endorsed, on presentment
at any of the offices for the payment of
interest named in the following list.
Holders of these bonds should promptly
notify the Register of the Treasury of
any change in their post-office address;
and, in case of the appointment of an
attorney to collect the interest, notice of
this fact should likewise be given to the
Register, in order that the checks may be
sent to the care of such attorney. Such
holders should also transmit to the First
Auditor of the Treasury all powers of at-
torney for the collection of interest, and
advise him, specifically, at which of the
offices hereafter named it is desired that
the interest-checks under such powers
should be paid.

The payment of interest by Treasury
checks is confined to the bonds of the
funded loans above mentioned.

Interest on registered bonds of the
other loans may be made payable at any
of the offices for payment of interest em-
braced in the list given below, some one
of which must be designated for that
purpose by each payee. The dividends
are payable, on application in person, to
the payee, or to his duly authorized at-
torney.

For the purpose of preparing the in-
terest-schedules, the transfer-books are
closed during the month immediately pre-
ceding the date of payment of the interest.

If bonds forwarded for transfer be not
received prior to or upon the day fixed for
closing the transfer-books, the transfer

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

will not be effected until after the re-
opening of the books ; and consequently
the interest for that quarter or half-year
(as the interest-term may be) will be de-
clared in favor of the parties whose
names appear upon the face of the old
bonds.

The place of payment will be changed
if a request to that effect be made to the
Register of the Treasury before the time
for the closing of the transfer-books.

OFFICES FOR THE PAYMENT OF INTEREST.

Treasury of the United States, Washington,
D. C.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., Baltimore,
Md.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., Philadel-
phia, Pa.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., New York,
N. Y.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., Boston, Mass.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., Cincinnati,
Ohio.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., Chicago, 111.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., St. Louis,
Mo.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., New Orleans,
La.

Office of Assistant Treasurer U. S., San Fran-
cisco, Cal.

ASSIGNMENTS OP BONDS AND COLLEC-
TION OF INTEREST.

ASSIGNMENTS.

The directions printed on the backs of
the bonds should be carefully followed in
the execution of assignments, and all the
blank spaces filled in properly. The name
of the assignee should be written plainly
in the space left for that purpose.

If a bond is to be divided among two
or more parties, their names and the
amount to each should be stated in the
assignment. If only a part of a bond is
assigned, a new issue for the remainder
will be made to the former payee of the
whole bond : Provided, however, That the
amount assigned shall correspond with
one or more of the denominations in
which the bonds are issued.

Registered bonds should not be as-
signed in blank, as such assignment
would make them payable to bearer and
render them available to any holder
thereof; in other words, under assign-
ment in blank the title to the bonds
would pass by delivery.

A detached assignment should never
be resorted to, except when the blank
form for an assignment which is printed
on the bond shall have been already used 5
and in this case only when there shall not

be sufficient space on the back of the bond
for another assignment.

The payee should sign his name to the
assignment as the name is written on the
face of the bond. If the bond be issued
to a firm, the assignment must be sub-
scribed in the name of the firm by a
member thereof who shall be possessed
of authority to sign for the firm, of which
authority the officer witnessing the signa-
ture must be satisfied; if issued to joint
owners, co-trustees, executors, adminis-
trators, or guardians, each person must
sign for himself; if to a corporation or
company, the official character of the per-
son executing the assignment, and the au-
thority of such person to dispose of the
bond or bonds in question, should be duly
verified by vote or resolution of the board
of directors of the corporation or company,
certified under its seal. Where such
officer is authorized by virtue of his office
to execute the assignment, a certificate,
under seal, of this fact and of his election
to the office, and that he still holds and
exercises such office, must be furnished,
together with a certified copy of the
charter or by-laws of such corporation or
company, showing the authority claimed
thereunder.

All such evidence of authority will be
placed on file in the Treasury Department,
and need not be reproduced in subsequent
transactions under the same power, if
proper reference be made thereto.

ASSIGNMENTS BY REPRESENTATIVES AND
SUCCESSORS.

In case of death or successorship, the
representative of the deceased person, or
the successor, must furnish official evi-
dence of such decease or successorship,
and of his own appointment, authority,
or power. An executor or administrator
may assign bonds standing in the name of
the deceased person in whose stead such
executor or administrator shall be acting.
Where there are two or more legal rep-
resentatives, all must unite in the assign-
ment, unless by a decree of court or tes-
tamentary provision some one or more of
them is or are designated and empowered
to dispose of the bonds. If the bonds
had been held by the deceased in the ca-
pacity of a fiduciary or trustee, the letters
testamentary, or of administration, must
be accompanied by an order of the court
authorizing the contemplated transfer.

An executor, administrator, trustee,
guardian, or attorney cannot assign bonds
to himself, unless he be specially author-

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

ized to do so by a court possessing juris-
diction of the matter.

FOREIGN SUCCESSORSHIP ASSIGNMENTS.

When a payee, at the time of his death,
was a resident of a foreign country, the
party claiming to direct and execute the
transfer must furnish an exemplified copy
of the will or other instrument convey-
ing the requisite authority, duly certified
under the hand and seal of the proper
officer, attested by the certificate of a
United States minister, charge, consul,
vice-consul, or commercial agent, or, if
there be none such accessible (which fact
shall, in such case, be certified), by that
of a notary public, to the effect that such
exemplified copy is executed and granted
by the proper tribunal or officer, and is
in due form and according to the laws
of that country. The assignment should
be executed as hereinbefore directed.

ASSIGNMENTS sr ATTORNEY.

Persons entitled to assign bonds may
appoint for that purpose an attorney,
who, by virtue of the authority so con-
ferred, can execute the assignment in the
same manner as provided for the con-
stituent.

No officer of the Treasury of the United
States should be selected as such attorney.

Powers of attorney authorizing the as-
signment of bonds should be sent, for
record, to the Register of the Treasury.

A CKNOWLEDGMENTS

Of assignments, when not made at the
Treasury Department, must be made be-
fore an assistant treasurer of the United
States, a United States judge or district
attorney, clerk of a United States court,
collector of customs or internal revenue,
or president or cashier of a National
bank.

A notary public is authorized to take
acknowledgments on all loans, except the
funded loans of 1881 and 1891, and the
consols of 1907. On these three loans
the president or cashier of a National
bank is, instead of a notary public, au-
thorized to take acknowledgments. ^ The
witnessing officer should append his offi-
cial title, and affix his seal of office, if he
have one ; if he have no seal of office, he
should certify such to be the fact. The
president or cashier of a National bank
must append the title and affix the seal
of the bank. The impress of the seal

must in every case be made upon the
bond.

FOREIGN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

May be made before a United States
minister, charge^ consul, vice-consul, or
commercial agent. A notary public, or
other competent officer, in a foreign
country may take acknowledgments ; but
his official character and jurisdiction
must be properly verified. The official
seal, where there is one, should in all
cases be affixed, as per foregoing direc
tion ; and where there is none, this fact
should be made known and attested.

EXECUTION OF POWERS.

Powers of attorney for the transfer of
bonds must be acknowledged in the
presence of some one of the officers
authorized to take acknowledgments of
assignments ; and where such officer has
an official seal, it must be affixed : where
he has none, he should so state. Powers
for collection of interest should be lodged
with the First Auditor of the Treasury.

POWERS OF SUBSTITUTION

Must be executed and acknowledged in
the same manner as powers of attorney.

No FEES

"Will be charged by a United States mm
ister, charge^ consul, vice-consul, or com-
mercial agent for witnessing and certify-
ing an assignment of, or power to assign,
bonds, or collect interest thereon. No
charge is made by the Treasury Depart-
ment for transferring registered bonds,
or for changing coupon bonds into regis-
tered bonds.

TRANSLATIONS.

Powers of attorney, and-all other legal
documents executed in the United States,
must be in the English language. If ex-
ecuted abroad in any other language,
such powers must be accompanied by an
accurate translation into English, and
by a sworn certificate of the person who
made such translation, properly acknowl-
edged before a notary public or other
competent officer having a seal, to the
effect that the translation is correct and
complete.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

INTEREST TO JOINT HOLDERS.

Interest will be paid to any one of
several joint holders, or co-trustees, ex-
ecutors, administrators, or guardians ;
but in the execution to a third party of
a power to collect, all must join. In
case of the death of any of such joint
holders, co-trustees, etc., the survivor or
survivors will be recognized as havin
full authority, upon the proof of sue
death and survivorship.

If the interest on registered bonds of
the loans authorized previously to the
funded loans (act of July 14, 1870) be
not called for within seven months after
its maturity, it will be returned to the
Treasury as unclaimed, and can then be
collected only in person or by attorney at
the office of the Treasurer of the United
States in Washington.

For the convenience of the public, and
to save charges, powers to collect speci-
fied unclaimed interest may be made in
favor of the Chief of the Division of
Loans and Currency of the Secretary's
Office, Treasury Department.

DESTROYED AND DEFACED BONDS AND
LOST REGISTERED BONDS OF THE
UNITED STATES.

Parties presenting claims on account
of coupon or registered bonds of the
United States which have been destroyed
wholly, or in part, or on account of reg-
istered bonds which have been lost, will
be required to present evidence showing

1st. The number, denomination, date
of authorizing act, and series of each
bond ; whether coupon or registered ;
and if registered, the name of the payee.
In the case of registered bonds, it should
also be stated whether they had been
assigned or not previous to their alleged
loss or destruction, and if assigned, by
whom, and whether assigned in blank or
to some person specifically by name ; and
if assigned in the latter manner, the
name of the assignee should be given.

2d. The time and place of purchase,
of whom purchased, and the considera-
tion paid.

3d. The material facts and circum-
stances connected with the loss or de-
struction of the bonds.

In all cases the evidence should be as
full and clear as possible, that there may
be no doubt of the good faith of the
claimant. Proofs may be made by affi-
davits duly authenticated, and by such
other competent evidence as may be in
the possession of the claimant.

Affidavits and other evidence pertain-

ing to the claim should be transmitted to
the Secretary of the Treasury. Upon
receipt of such documentary evidence it
will be referred to the First Comptroller
of the Treasury for his decision as to its
sufficiency. The applicant will be ad-
vised of the decision as soon as it is
reached: if it be favorable to such appli-
cant, a blank indemnity-bond will be
forwarded to him for execution ; and
when this indemnity-bond shall have
been duly executed, returned to the
Treasury Department, and approved by
the First Comptroller and the Secretary,
the relief desired will be granted.

Duplicates in lieu of lost registered
bonds will not be issued within six
months from the time of the alleged loss.

The interest on uncalled registered
bonds will be paid to the payees thereof,
even though the bonds have been lost or
destroyed.

These regulations do not apply in any
way to coupons lost or destroyed which
have been detached from the bonds to
which they belonged, as no relief, in such
cases, can be granted under existing
laws.

CALLED BONDS.

All United States called bonds, for-
warded for redemption, should be ad-
dressed to the Secretary of the Treasury,
Loan Division. When registered bonds
are so forwarded, they should be assigned
to ".the Secretary of the Treasury, for
redemption." Where it is desired that
the checks in payment for such registered
bonds should be drawn in favor of any
parties other than the payees, the bonds
must be assigned to "the Secretary of
:he Treasury, for redemption in favor of
(In this blank

space should be inserted the names of
he parties in whose favor it is desired
hat the checks for the proceeds should be

drawn.)

EXEMPTION OF UNITED STATES BONDS
FROM TAXATION.

Section 3701 of the Revised Statutes
provides as follows : " All stocks, bonds,
Treasury notes, and other obligations of
;he United States, shall be exempt from
axation by or under State or municipal
ir local authority." This section makes
he exemption from taxation binding
>nly upon " State or municipal or local
^utnority ;" but according to the express
,erms of the act of Congress of July 14,
870, the bonds and the interest thereon
of the funded loans which are thereby

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

authorized, namely, the loan of 1881,
the loan of 1891, and. the four per cent,
consols of 1907, " shall be exempt from
the payment of all taxes or duties of the
United States, as well as from taxation
in any form by or under State, muni-
cipal, or local authority ; and the said
bonds shall have set forth and expressed
upon their face the above specified con-
ditions."

DIVISION OF REVENUE MARINE.

The management of the Revenue Ma-
rine Service ; including the supervision
of the building and equipment of revenue
vessels, their repair, purchase, and sale ;
the assignment of cruising-grounds ; the
assignment of officers to vessels ; the pur-
chase of outfits and supplies ; the regula-
tion of the complements of crews and
their wages 5 the examination and certi-
fication of revenue-vessels' pay-rolls, and
accounts of disbursements on account of
the service by Collectors of Customs ;
the examination of the property accounts
of officers 5 the preparation and enforce-
ment of regulations for the examination,
admission, and government of K-evenue-
Marine Cadets ; the preparation and en-
forcement of general regulations for the
government of the service, etc.

The examination of all matters pertain-
ing to the Light-House Establishment,
placed by law in charge of the Secretary
of the Treasury.

The examination of all matters relating
to the United States Coast Survey coming
before the Secretary. The charge of all
matters relating to weights and measures
upon which the Secretary is required by
law to act.

REVENUE MARINE SERVICE.

This service was instituted in 1799.
Its primary purpose is to aid in the col-
lection of import and tonnage duties.

The officers for each vessel are one
captain, one first, one second, and one
third lieutenant ; and for each steam-
vessel in addition one chief engineer, one
first assistant and one second assistant
engineer. The full complement of offi-
cers, hqwever, is not always necessary on
some of the vessels of the service, and are
not so assigned.

By an act of Congress approved July
31, 1876, the Secretary of the Treasury
is authorized to appoint, whenever a
vacancy occurs in the grade of third
lieutenant, cadets with rank next below
that of third lieutenant, who are required

to serve a probatory period of two years
before being appointed as third lieu-
tenants.

There are now in commission thirty-
seven revenue-cutters,all of which are pro-
pelled by steam except six. Whenever the
President so directs, revenue-cutters shall
co-operate with the navy, during which
time they will be under the direction of
the Secretary of the Navy, and the ex-
penses thereof shall be defrayed by the
Navy Department. The Secretary of
the Treasury may direct the performance
of any service by the revenue vessels,
which, in his judgment, is necessary for
the protection of the revenue. Those
revenue-cutters on the northern and north-
western lakes are specially charged with
aiding vessels in distress on the lakes.

The officers of the revenue-cutters are
deemed officers of the customs, and are
subject to the direction of such Col-
lectors or other officers of the customs as
are designated for that purpose. They
must go on board of all vessels which
arrive within the United States, or within
four leagues of the coast thereof, if bound
for the United States, and search and ex-
amine the same, and every part thereof,
and shall demand, receive, and certify the
manifests, shall affix and put proper
fastenings on the hatches and other com-
munications with the hold of any vessel,
and shall remain on board such vessels
until they arrive at the port or place of
their destination. They shall perform
such other duties for the collection and
security of the revenue as shall be direc-
ted by the Secretary of the Treasury.

The annual expense of this service
amounts to more than $850,000.

OFFICERS.

34 captains, 34 first lieutenants, 34
second lieutenants, 22 third lieutenants,
12 cadets.

23 chief engineers, 18 first assistant
engineers, 27 second assistant engineers.

Each vessel is manned by a sufficient
number of petty officers, seamen, firemen,
coal-passers, boys, stewards, and cooks.

Officers of the revenue-cutter service,
when serving in accordance with law, as
a part of the navy, shall be entitled to
relative rank as follows :

Captains, with and next after lieuten-
ants commanding in the navy ;

First lieutenants, with and next after
lieutenants in the navy ;

Second lieutenants, with and next after
masters in line of the navy ;

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Third lieutenants, with and next after
ensigns in the navy.

PAT TABLE.

OFFICERS.

On Duty, per
Annum.*

Captain $2500

First lieutenant 1800

Second lieutenant 1500

Third lieutenant 1200

Cadet 900

Chief engineer 1800

First assistant engineer. 1500
Second assist, engineer... 1200

When not on
Duty, per
Annum.

$1800
1500
1200

900

675
1500
1200

900

* Also allowed one navy ration when on duty.

PETTY OFFICERS AND SEAMEN.

Atlantic Coast. Per Month.

Boatswain $35

Carpenter 35

Quartermaster 30

Master-at-arms.... .. 30

Per Month.

Coxswain $26

Seaman 25

Fireman 30

Coal -passer 25

First-class boy 15

Second-class boy 12

Ship's cook 35

Cabin steward , 35

Wardroom steward 35

Pacific Coast. Per Month.

Boatswain $50

Carpenter 50

Quartermaster 35

Master-at-arms 40

Coxswain 32

Seaman 30

Fireman 45

Coal-passer 30

First-class boy 17

Second-class boy 15

Ship's cook 50

Cabin steward 50

Wardroom steward.... .. 50

LIST OF VESSELS OP THE KEVENUE MARINE.

Name.

Description.

Rate.

Guns.

Tons.

Built.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

Albert GalKtin

Steam-propeller
Sloop

2d class

250
10
250
191
499
403
15
131
198
57
140
105
173
290
32
375
350
147
151
235
111
3
191
191
15
250
15
154
39
227
304
350
15
157
207
201
476

1871

1877
1871
1874
1865
1864
1869
1871
1873
1864
1864
1864
1853
1863
1875
1863
1861
1873
1864
1873
1864
1872
1874
1874
1872
1871
1869
1878
1876
1876
1860
1871
1873
1862
1862
1864
1865

Alert

Steam-propeller

2d class
u

1st class

2
2
3
3

Alexander J. Dallas
Andrew Johnson

Steamer, side-wheel
Steamer, side-propeller*
Steam-launch

Discover

E A Stevens

3d class.
2d class
3d class

1
2
1
1
1
1
2

George S Boutwell

Hugh McCulloch

J C Dobbin . .

Schooner

John A. Dix

Steamer, side-wheel

2d class
3d class

John F Hartley

Levi Woodbury

1st class
2d class

3d class

2d class
3d class

5
2
1
1
3
1

Steamer, side-wheel
Steam-propeller

Manhattan

u
t(

Oliver Wolcott

Peter G. Washington
Report . .

((

Sloop

Richard Rush

Steam-propeller

2d class

2
2

Samuel Dexter

Saville

Steamer, side-wheel

2d class

S P Chase

Bark

2d class
3d class

Teuch Coxe

Steam-propeller

2d class
u

1st class

2
1

Thomas Ewing

Steamer, side- wheel

U S Grant

Vanderbilt

William E. Chandler
William H. Crawford
William H. Seward

3d class
2d class
3d class
1st class

1
1
2
3

Steamer, side-wheel
(i
K

William P. Fessenden

* A vessel of peculiar construction.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

DIVISION OF STATIONERY, PRINTING,
AND BLANKS.

The purchase and supply of stationery
for the Department, Sub-Treasuries, De-
positories, United States Mints, Custom-
Houses, Revenue Vessels, Steamboat-In-
spection Service, Life-Saving Stations,
Marine Hospitals, Light-Houses, and In-
ternal Revenue Offices ; and blanks and
blank-books for the same, except Inter-
nal Revenue Offices.

Supervision over the forms of books
and blanks used by customs officers,
with a view of securing uniformity in
their methods of transacting business,
and of the printing, binding, lithograph-
ing, and engraving for the Department,
except United States bonds and notes,
United States currency, National bank
notes, and Internal Revenue stamps.

The arrangement for publication and
the indexing of the several reports and
tables comprising the Finance Report.

The superintendence of the advertising
of the Department ; the examination and
reference to the proper officers of the ac-
counts for such advertising ; and the sub-
scription for newspapers and periodicals.

The preparation and delivery to dis-
bursing officers of the Government of all
disbursing checks used by them, except
pension-checks ; the charge and distribu-
tion of official postage-stamps for the
Department; the custody and distribu-
tion of cigar-stamps to .officers of the
customs ; the examination of the accounts
of those officers to see that such stamps
are properly accounted for ; and, gener-
ally, all business connected with the fore-
going.

DIVISION OF SPECIAL AGENTS.

The assignment and detail of Special
Agents, and the examination of their ac-
counts for compensation and travelling
expenses, and the examination and refer-
ence of their reports.

The supervision and enforcement of
measures for the prevention of smuggling,
and frauds on the customs revenue.

Supervision over the customs districts,
the acts of customs officers, and the ex-
amination of their books, papers, and
accounts, with a view of enforcing the
customs laws and regulations, correcting
and preventing irregularities, and pro-
moting uniformity of methods and secur-
ing efficiency in the transaction of cus-
toms business.

Supervision of the transportation of
merchandise in bond, including the ex-

amination of the reports of Collectors of
Customs at ports of shipment and of
arrival ; and the investigation of casea
arising from alleged irregularities in con-
nection with such transportation.

The examination and approval of
bonds for customs warehouses and bonded
routes.

The enforcement of the laws and regu-
lations governing the trade with Mexico
and Canada, so far as relates to the es-
tablishment of bonded routes and mode
of transportation.

The following Special Agents of th<
Treasury are employed :

CUSTOMS.
20, each, per diem $8

AGENTS FOR THE SEAL ISLANDS IN ALASKA.

1, per annum $3650

1, " 2920

2, " each 2190

And the sum of $600 per annum is al-
lowed each, for actual travelling ex-
penses in going to and returning from
Alaska.

SPECIAL INSPECTORS.

2 on Isthmus of Panama, each, per an-
num $2500

DUTIES OF SPECIAL AGENTS OF CUSTOMS.

These consist in making examinations
of the books, papers, and accounts of
Collectors and other officers of the cus-
toms, and they are employed generally
under the direction of the Secretary of
the Treasury in the prevention and de-
tection of frauds on the customs revenue.

They also make examinations and re-
ports upon the number of persons em-
ployed, and the compensation received by
them in the custom-houses, and upon
their recommendations decrease or in-
crease thereof is made by the Secretary,
when not fixed by law, and the Secretary
exercises his supervisory authority over
the customs officers through the Special
Agents. They also examine and report
upon failures of customs officers in the
performance of their duties, either from
incompetency or by collusion with im-
porters or smugglers.

DISBURSING CLERKS.

There are two Disbursing Clerks for
the Treasury Department at large, who

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

make payments on the following ac-
counts, respectively :

The one Payment of salaries and
compensation of the officers and employes
in the following-named offices :

Office of the Secretary of the Treasury.

Office of the Supervising Architect.

Office of the Supervising Surgeon-Gen-
eral of Marine Hospitals.

Office of the Supervising Inspector-
General of Steam-vessels.

Salaries of special agents to examine
books and accounts in sub-treasuries and
public depositaries.

The payment of the salaries and com-
pensation of temporary clerks in the De-
partment.

Salaries and compensation of Special
Agents.

Salaries and compensation of Custo-
dians and Janitors of all public buildings
under the control of the Treasury De-
partment.

Salaries and compensation of all In-
spectors of Steamboats.

The disbursement, upon the order of
the Secretary, of the Treasury, of such
moneys as may be placed in his hands
from the following appropriations, to-
gether with the keeping and rendering
of the necessary accounts connected there-
with :

Expenses of Collecting the Revenue
from Customs.

Expenses of the Revenue-Cutter Ser-
vice.

Life-Saving Service, contingent ex-
penses.

Establishment of new Life-Saving Sta-
tions.

Vaults, Safes, and Locks for Public
Buildings.

Plans for Public Buildings.

Contingent expenses, Independent
Treasury.

Contingent expenses, Treasury Depart-
ment (eleven appropriations).

Various appropriations for the erection
and repairs of public buildings under the
control of the Treasury Department,
throughout the country.

Also all other moneys from other ap-
propriations that may be from time to
time placed in his charge by the Secre-
tary.

The other Payment of the salaries and
compensation of the officers and em-
ploy6s in the following-named offices :

Office of the First Comptroller.

Office of the Second Comptroller.

Office of the First Auditor.

Office of the Third Auditor.

Office of the Fourth Auditor.

Office of the Fifth Auditor.

Office of the Treasurer.

Office of the Comptroller of the Cur-
rency.

Office of the Commissioner of Customs.

Office of the Commissioner of Internal
Revenue.

Office of the Light-House Board.

Office of the Director of the Mint.

Bureau of Statistics.

The disbursement, upon the order of
the Secretary of the Treasury, of such
moneys as may be placed in his hands
from the following appropriations, to-
gether with the keeping and rendering
of the necessary accounts connected there-
with :

Refunding the National Debt.

Dies, paper, and stamps of Internal
Revenue Service.

Treasury Building, Washington, D. C.

Propagation of Food-Fishes.

Inquiry respecting Food-Fishes.

Illustrations of Report respecting Food-
Fishes.

Repairs and Preservation of Public
Buildings.

Furniture and Repairs of same, for
Public Buildings.

Fuel, Lights, and Water for Public
Buildings.

Heating and Hoisting Apparatus for
Public Buildings.

Assessing and Collecting Internal
Revenue.

Punishment for Violation of Internal
Revenue Laws.

Salaries and expenses of Subordinate
Officers of Internal Revenue.

Stamps, Paper, and Dies.

Salaries, Bureau of Engraving and
Printing.

Labor and expenses of Engraving and
Printing.

Transportation of United States Secur-
ities.

Incidental expenses, National Cur-
rency Office of the Treasurer of the
United States.

Also all other moneys from other ap-
propriations that may be from time to
time placed in his charge by the Secre-
tary.

THE SECRET SERVICE DIVISION.

The Secret Service Division sprung
from an annual appropriation made for
the prevention and punishment of coun-
terfeiting.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

By the act of June 23, 1860, making
appropriations for the civil list, the sum
of $10,000 was appropriated for the de-
tection and bringing to trial of persons
engaged in counterfeiting the coin of the
United States, to be expended under the
direction of the Secretary of the Treasury ;
and by the act of June 11, 1862, authority
was given for applying any part of said
appropriation for the same purpose in
connection with the counterfeiting of
Treasury notes, bonds, or other securities
of the United States, as well as the coin
thereof.

In December, 1863, the Secretary of
the Treasury placed all measures for the
suppression of offences respecting the
coin and securities of the Government,
and the punishment of those counterfeit-
ing them, under the supervision and
direction of the Solicitor of the Treasury,
and directed that all detectives and other
persons employed in the prosecution of
those measures should report to the
Solicitor and receive their instructions
from him.

In an appropriation act approved July
2, 1864, the sum of $100,000 was appro-
priated for the purpose of meeting any
expenses in detecting and bringing to
trial and punishment persons engaged
in counterfeiting Treasury notes, bonds,
or other securities of the United States,
and the coinage. Similar appropriations
have been made annually since without
change, except that the purposes have
been extended to include other frauds
upon the Government, and a reduction
or increase of the annual sum appropria-
ted, which was reduced from $100,000 to
$60,000 for the year ending June 30,
1880, the same to be disbursed under
the direction of the Secretary of the
Treasury.

There exists no general statute or other
authority for the organization of the
Secret Service Division, the whole ser-
vice resting upon the appropriation acts
merely.

The appointments of all commissioned
operatives and clerks are made by the
Secretary of the Treasury, upon the rec-
ommendation of the Chief of the service,
approved by the Assistant Secretary of
the Treasury charged generally with
the subject of appointments. This is a
change from the former practice, and it
went into effect January 1, 1879. The
assistants and agents of a lower class are
appointed by the Chief, subject to the
control of the Solicitor of the Treasury,
as to their compensation.

The disbursement of the fund for the
ordinary purposes of suppressing counter-
feiting and illegal coinage is made by the
Assistant Solicitor of the Treasury, who
is under bond for the faithful discharge
of this duty, but receives no additional
compensation therefor, and he makes
payments upon vouchers certified by the
Chief, and approved by the Solicitor of
the Treasury ; but disbursements for any
other purposes are made upon special in-
structions of the Secretary or one of the
Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury.

The Chief of the service advises with
and is directed by the Solicitor of the
Treasury in the conduct of his investiga-
tions.

Through the agency of this service the
counterfeiting of paper money and bonds
has been almost entirely suppressed, and
there is no doubt that the presence of
agents of the Secret Service has a strong
preventive influence, and should they be
discontinued counterfeiting would soon
thrive anew.

FORCE EMPLOYED.

There is a Chief of the Secret Service
Division, whose compensation is $3500
per annum ; a half-dozen clerks, with the
usual compensation, and a force of some
thirty or forty secret-service operatives
or agents, who are compensated accord-
ing to their special fitness and efficiency
for effective and valuable results.

DIVISION OF CAPTURED AND ABAN-
DONED PROPERTY, LANDS, ETC.

The duties now required of the Secre-
tary of the Treasury in relation to cap-
tured and abandoned property and lands,
and other property of the United States,
are :

To preserve the captured and aban-
doned property records and files, and
Confederate archives, and to furnish in-
formation therefrom, generally, or in
special cases, in response to resolutions
of Congress and calls of the several com-
mittees thereof.

To answer rules of the Court of Claims
for information and papers, if, in his
opinion, it will not be injurious to the
public interest.

To furnish to the Attorney-General all
facts, information, and proof's which are
or may be within the knowledge or in the
possession of the Department, in all cases
brought against the United States in the
ourt of Claims.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

To examine and refer for payment
judgments of the Court of Claims, and
to determine questions of set-off against
such judgments.

To examine and decide claims for the
proceeds of cotton seized after the 30th
of June, 1865.

To furnish to the Commissioners of
Claims information from the books, rec-
ords, and documents relating to transac-
tions of or with the late Confederate
Government.

The preservation, collection, or sale of
wrecked, abandoned, or derelict property,
etc.

The custody, care, and protection of
lands and other property ^belonging to the
United States.

To answer inquiries of individuals de-
siring information in regard to captured
and abandoned property, and, generally,
all matters pertaining to the foregoing.

This Division is also charged with the
duty of furnishing to the Department of
Justice and the Court of Claims informa-
tion from the records of the Department
relating to all cases arising under the
general jurisdiction of the court, and to
private individuals authenticated copies
of papers and records under Treasury
order of October 20, 1830.

FORCE IN THE DIVISION.

Per Annum.

Chief of Division $2500

2 clerks, each 1800

1 clerk 1600

1 1400

2 clerks, each 1200

1 clerk 900

BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND
PRINTING.

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing
is the largest and most complete estab-
lishment of its kind in the world.

The work performed in it consists
chiefly in the production of notes, bonds,
securities, and tax-stamps, all represent-
ing values. This work requires special
qualifications in most of the departments,
making it necessary to employ the best
skilled engravers in steel, whose business
it is to work the designs on all United
States and national bank-notes, on United
States bonds, other securities, and certifi-
cates, upon steel plates, from which, by
nice and intricate processes, they are
transferred to paper. Many checks and
safeguards are made use of to insure
against loss by abstraction ; the strictest

rules governing employe's and fixing re-
sponsibility are enforced, and the Bureau
is as well managed, everybody knowing
his place and duty, as any great bee-hive
of industry in the land.

The engraving turned out by the
Bureau represents the highest standard
of art in design and execution, and the
printing is perfectly done.

The Bureau comprises the following
divisions :

Office proper ; Engraving Division ;
Plate-printing ; Binding ; Machine ; Wet-
ting ; Examining ; Numbering ; Surface
branch ; Cleaning ; Watch ; Vault Custo-
dians, and Miscellaneous.

FORCE EMPLOYED.

Per Annum.

Chief of Bureau $4500

Assistant chief. 2250

1 accountant 2000

1 stenographer 1600

1 clerk 1600

1 " 1400

4 clerks, each 1200

1 clerk 1000

3 copyists, each 900

2 assistant messengers, each 720

4 laborers, each 660

In addition to the above-named force,
which is denominated the permanent
office force, there are employed in this
Bureau upwards of 900 persons, male
and female, skilled and unskilled, with
compensation ranging from $1 to $6 per
day ; and to one person, namely, the
Chief Engraver, $12 per day is paid. To
two other engravers $8.75, and to the
Superintendent of the Printing Division
$8.50 per day is paid. The employes of
this Bureau are divided into three grades,
with four classes in grade one, five classes
in grade two, and two classes in grade
three.

Grade one, Class one, embraces females
without skill or experience, who are em-
ployed with a view of training them for
special work, and they enter service at
$1 per day. Their duties at first are those
of messengers, box-tenders, tissue-paper
hands, and substitutes as plate-printer's
assistants.

Class two, watchmen, messengers, la-
borers, and cleaners. These are paid 75
cents, $1, $1.50, and $2.25 per day.

Class three, apprentices to engraving,
to binding, surface-printing, machinery,
and plate-printing. Apprentices are ad-
mitted at $1 and $1.25 per day, and these
rates are increased a small amount each
year until the fourth year of service,

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

when it reaches $2 and $2.50 per day.
Plate-printing at piece rates is compen-
sated for at 25 cents per 100 impressions
up to 800 impressions, when 50 cents per
100 is paid on the excess of 800 during
and after the fourth year.

Class four, miscellaneous, such as boys
employed on washing-machines, and girls
and women as attendants.

Grade two, Class one, Superintendents
of Divisions, at $5, $6, and $8.50 per
day, assistant superintendents and clerks,
$3.25, $4, and $6 per day.

Class two, clerks, $1.50 to $4 per day.

Class three, female employ6s trained
to special work, including counters, ex-
aminers, trimmers, separators, perfor-
ators, stitchers, pointers, rulers, feeders,
needlers, and assorters, paid $1.50 per
day, or piece rates ; printer's assistants at
$1.25 per day ; laundry-women at $1 per
day.

Class four, helpers and assistants, boys
assorting and wetting papers, $1 per day ;
other helpers and assistants, $1.75, $2,
$2.50. and $3 per day.

Class five, firemen, $2 per day, engi-
neers, S3.

Grade three, Class one, experts, female
employe's of experience and special skill,
$2 per day.

Class two, artists and mechanics who
have served a regular apprenticeship, to
be paid at rates not exceeding those paid
in private establishments.

The plate-printers earn, at piece rates,
from $2.50 to $8 per day each, the general
average of the whole number employed
(194 men in November, 1879) being about
$4.36 per day, exclusive of the pay of
their assistants, which is at the rate of
$1.25 per day each, who are paid out of
the earnings of the plate-printers.

BUREAU OF THE MINT.

This Bureau embraces in its organiza-
tion and under its control all mints for
the manufacture of coin, and all assay
offices for the stamping of the fineness of
bars of gold and silver, which are author-
ized by law.

The Director is the chief officer, and
he is under the general direction of the
Secretary of the Treasury.

The total coinage of gold and silver
during the fiscal year 1878 amounted to
56,118,382 pieces, the nominal value of
which was $81,120,499.50. During the
year 1879, the number of pieces coined
were 39,608,471, of which the nominal
value was $68,312,592.50.

The total value of the bars of gold
made at the mints and assay offices during
the year 1879 was $12,501,926.23. The
nominal value of the silver bars made
was $11,854,383.87.

The coinage of 1878 was the largest in
value ever executed in one year in the
history of the Mint.

The cost of manufacturing silver coin
is about four times as great as that of
gold, when the gold coinage is in denom-
inations less than ten-dollar pieces. There
is a slight difference in the cost of manu-
facturing a double-eagle from that of a
silver dollar.

The production from the mines of the
United States and Territories of gold and
silver during th'e fiscal year 1879 is esti-
mated at $79,711,990.

The stock of gold and silver coin and
bullion in the country July 1, 1878, is
estimated by the Director of the Mint at
about $330,000,000.

FORCE EMPLOYED IN THE BUREAU.

Per Annum.

Director of the Mint $4500

. examiner 2300

computer of bullion 2200

assayer 2200

assay clerk 1800

clerk 1600

1 " 1400

1 translator 1200

1 copyist 900

1 clerk 1000

1 laborer 660

The Mints are located as follows :

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT.

Superintendent per annum $4500.00

Chief clerk " 2250.00

1 cashier " 2500.00

1 weigh clerk " 2000.00

1 book-keeper " 2000.00

1 deposit clerk " 2000.00

1 redemption clerk " 1600.00

1 warrant clerk per diem 5.50

1 counter " 5.50

1 register " 5.50

1 medal clerk " 5.00

1 weigher " 5.00

1 assistant to book-keeper.. " 4.25

1 register " 4.25

1 assistant " 4.25

1 assistant in weigh-room... " 3.85

3 assistants, each " 3.00

1 storekeeper " 2.75

1 doorkeeper " 4.00

1 assistant doorkeeper " 3.75

4 conductors, each " 3.50

1 cabinet " 4.25

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

I cabinet ........................ per diem

1 " ........................

1 foreman carpenter-shop...
5 carpenters, each ............

] chief engineer ...............

1 engineer .......................

1 fireman ........................

1 oiler ............................

1 foreman machine-shop....

1 machinist .....................

5 machinists, each ............

1 adjuster of scales ............

1 painter ........................

1 blacksmith ....................

2 blacksmiths, each ...........

1 gasfitter .......................

1 plumber ........................

1 millwright ...................

1 counter ........................

1 " ........................

1 .................. . .....

1 helper ..........................

1 ..........................

1 night watch ..................

14 each ............

25 laborers, each ..............

1 laborer .........................

1 gate-keeper ...................

7 scrubbers, each ..............

1 cleaner....

$4.50
4.00
5.00
3.50
1.75
5.00
3.00
4.75
4.00
2.90
3.00
4.50
4.00
3.25
4.00
3.75
3.50
3.00
3.25
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.00
2.75
3.00
2.75
3.00
2.75
2.75
1.50
2.75
1.25
1.50

ASSAY DEPARTMENT.

Assayer per annum $3000.00

Assistant Assayer " 2000.00

1 foreman laboratory per diem 6.00

1 first weigher " 6.00

1 second " " 5.50

1 third " " 4.00

1 weigher " 3.50

2 helpers, each " 3.25

1 helper " 3.00

1 workman " 3.00

1 " " 2.50

MELTER AND REFINER'S DEPARTMENT.

Melter and Refiner per annum $3000.00

Assistant Melter and Re-
finer "

1 office per diem

1 calculator "

1 foreman "

1 assistant foreman "

2 melters,each "

8 " " . "

hel

ipers, ;;

1 chief deposit melter "

4 deposit melters, each "

1 helper "

1 in sweep cellar (works

sweeps) "

2 in sweep cellar, each "

1 furnace-builder "

1 hoister

1 gate-keeper

1 workman in refinery

1 " "

j <(

2000.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
3.75
3.25
3.00
3.00
2.90
4.75
3.25
3.25

3.50
3.25
3.50

2.90
2.75
4.00
3.00
2.00

COINER'S DEPARTMENT.

Coiner per annum $3000.09

Assistant Coiner " 2000.00

1 weigher per diem 5.75

1 " 4.00

1 general foreman " 4.75

1 foreman coining-room " 4.50

1 foreman rolling-room " 3.75

3 counters, each e 4.00

1 counter ' 2.50

1 " < 2.25

1 machinist, coining-room.. ' 3.25

5 coining-room, each 3.00

13 annealers, " 3.00

1 foreman cleaners 3.50

8 cleaners, each 3.00

13 rollers, " 2.90

18 cutters, " 2.90

1 hoister 2.75

1 medal-room 3.25

2 " " each 2.90

2 helpers, " 2.75

1 chief adjuster 3.00

95 adjusters, each " 1.75

ENGRAVER'S DEPARTMENT.

Chief Engraver per annum $3000.00

1 engraver per diem 6.00

1 machinist " 5.00

1 " " 4.00

3 machinists, each " 3.25

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

GENERAL DEPARTMENT.

Superintendent per annum

Chief clerk

1 cashier "

4 clerks, each "

5 " " per diem

1 clerk "

3 clerks, each "

1 supervisor of deposit

melting "

1 test weigher "

1 adjuster of weights and

balances "

1 chief engineer "

1 captain of the watch "

4 watchmen, each "

10 " " "

1 carpenter "

1 "

1 assistant engineer "

2 firemen, each "

1 custodian of cabinet "

1 blacksmith

1 messenger

3 doorkeepers, each

2 conductors, "

3 janitors, ' "

2 workmen, "

1 workman

4 workmen, each

1 workman....
1 storekeeper.

1 porter

1 janitor

$4500.00

2500.00

1600.00

7.00

5.75

5.00

6.50
6.50

6.00
6.50
5.50
3.00
2.50
5.00
4.00
4.50
4.25
4.00
4.00
4.25
4.00
3.25
3.00
3.00
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
4.00
4.00
2.50

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

ASSAYER'S DEPARTMENT.
Assayer per annum $3000.00

1 captain of the watch per diem $3.25
5 watchmen, each " 2 25

1 assistant per diein 8.00

1 " 7.75
1 clerk " 7.00

1 foreman " 7.00
4 workmen, each " 5.00

" " 2.50
fireman " 2.50

6 " " 4.50

laborer " 2.50
1 " " 2.00

MELTER AND REFINER'S DEPARTMENT.
Melter and Refiner per annum $3000.00

1 " 125
ASSAYER'S DEPARTMENT.

1 assistant per diem 8.00

1 clerk " 1600 00

1 foreman of refinery " 7.00
3 clerks, each " 6.00

1 weigher per diem 3 50

1 fireman " 2 50

1 melter " 7.00

1 laborer u 2 00

MELTER AND REFINER'S DEPARTMENT.
Melter and Refiner per annum $2500.00

1 melter " 5.50

1 operative " 6 00

1 deposit melter per diem 5.00

Ihplnpr " 5 50

1 foreman " 5.00

IS Violnora onrVl u 4 Ofl

1 workman " 3.75

Ihplnpr <f 3 50

1 " " 3.50

2 sweep cellars, each " 5.00

1 T>liimV>pr " 4 50

1 " " 325

2 workmen, each " 2.75

Impsspn^pr " 2 75

1 workman " 2.50

COINER'S DEPARTMENT.
Coiner per annum $3000.00

1 workman " 2 00

COINER'S DEPARTMENT.
Coiner per annum $2500.00

1 assistant per diem 8.00

1 machinist " 6 00

1 foreman press-room ' 6.00

1 assistant per diem 6 75

1 weigher " 450

1 " machine-shop .... ' 5.50
1 " whitening-room.. ' 5.25
1 " rolling-room ' 5.25
1 clerk ' 5 75

1 counter " 200

1 foreman of machine-
shop " 3 50

1 foreman of coining-
room " 3 25

1 foreman annealing-room.. l 5.25
1 press-room hand e 5.50

1 adjuster of scales and
weights " 3.25

1 weigher ' 5 00

1 foreman annealing-room " 3.50
1 " cutting- " " 3.50
1 " cleaning- " " 3.00
1 " rolling- " 3.00
1 " mills- " " 3.00

1 " " 4.50

1 " " 4.00

2 cutters each 5.00

1 roller 4 75

5 workmen, " " 2.75

1 " 3 00

2 " " 3.00

'4 " " 4 00

1 workman * 3 50

2 " 2.25

2 " " " 2 00

1 forewoman of adjusters.. " 2.50
18 female adjusters, each... " 1.75

CARSON, NEVADA.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT.

NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT.
^nperintend"ent per annum $3500 00

"hi* f clerk " 2000.00

Chief clerk " 2250 00

cashier " 2000.00

1 cashier . " 2000 00

b'mk-keeper " 1600.00

2 clerks each " 1800 00

wei'-'h clerk " 1600.00

2 " " " 2000 00

ill-posit clerk " 1600.00

1 clerk per diem 7 00

1 engineer " 6 00

S clerks, each " 4.00

1 carpenter . " 6 00

1 blacksmith.... " 5.50

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

2 deposit melters, each per diem $5.00

1 wei^h clerk per annum $250000

1 weio-her " 500

1 payin" 1 " " 2000 00

1 captain of the watch " 5.00

1 warrant " " 225000

1 watchman " 4.50

3 clerks each . . " 1800 00

7 watchmen, each " 4 00

1 clerk " 1600 00

1 conductor ' 4.00

1 book-keeper per diem 7 00

1 messenger .. ' 4 00

1 assistant book-keeper " 4jOO

1 fireman ' 4.00

2 assistants, each " 4 00

4 workmen, each . t 4.00

2 " " " 3 00

2 seamstresses, each ' 3.00

1 messenger (< 4 00

1 doorkeeper " 3 00

ASSAYER'S DEPARTMENT.
Assayer per annum $2500.00

ASSAY DEPARTMENT.

1 clerk . . " 1200 00

Assayer per annum $3000 00

1 first assistant " 225000

1 carpenter ... .. " 5 50

1 second " " 2150 00

1 assayer (t 5.50

1 third " " 2000.00

1 dissolver " 5 50

1 chemist per diem 7 00

1 foreman " 650

MEI/TER AND REFINER'S DEPARTMENT

1 weigher " 4 00

1 3.00

Melter and Refiner per annum $2500.00
1 assistant per-diem 7.00

2 workmen, each " 3.00

1 foreman " 6.00
1 " of refinery " 5.00

1 messenger ^ " 1.00

5 melters, each .... " 5 00

MELTER AND REFINER'S DEPARTMENT.

2 workmen, each et 4.25

Melter and Refiner per annum $3000 00

1 workman " 4.00

1 foreman " 6.50

COINER'S DEPARTMENT.

7 workmen each u 5 00

Coiner per annum $2500.00

11 4.50

6t( (( t( ()(

1 assistant per diem 7.00
1 pressman " 7.00
1 weigher " 6.00

1 captain of the watch " 4.00
4 watchmen, each...; " 3.50

1 " " 5.50
1 cutter . . " 6 00

1 watchman " 3.00

2 cutters, ea-h " 5.00

HELENA, MONTANA.

1 annealer 5.50

1 roller " 5.50

Melter " 2000 00

1 whitener 5.50

1 clerk " 1200 00

" per diem 4 00

2 workmen, each " 4.00

" " 3 25

12 adjusters, each " 75.00

workman " 2.75

DENVER, COLORADO.

watchman " 3.00

janitor .... " 2.75

Assayer in charge per annum $2500.00

Melter . " 2250 00

"RnTQTf PTTV T"H A TTH

2 clerks, each " 1600 00

2 " " " 1400 00

Assayer and Melter per annum $2000.00

1 clerk . ..." 1000 00

1 workman per month 120.00

1 " .... " 100.00

partment each t( 5 00

1 " " 35.00

1 watchman . ... " 75.00

partment.. . . " 4 50

1 assistant in assay de-
partment... . " 400

CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA.

1 day watchman " 3.00
1 night " " 2.75

Assayer in charge per annum $1500.00
1 clerk " 1000.00

3 laborer " 1.75

1 laborer per month 16.00

UNITED STATES ASSAY OFFICES,
NEW YORK CITY.

GENERAL DEPARTMENT.

Superintendent per annum $4500.00

Chief clerk " 2500.00

OFFICE OF THE SUPERVISING

ARCHITECT.

HISTORICAL SKETCH.
This office was organized in the spring;
of 1853, under the direction of Jaines

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury,
with the title of the Construction Branch
of the Treasury Department. Prior to
this time the Secretary of the Treasury
was charged, by law, with the construc-
tion of all the Custom-Houses, Marine
Hospitals, Branch Mints, Assay Offices,
Appraisers' Stores, and Court-Houses, and
almost everything but the amount of the
appropriation was left to his discretion.
No system had been devised for the per-
formance of these duties, and the man-
agement of the business was confided to
no particular branch of the Department.
An architect, Ammi B. Young, was em-
ployed, at a salary of $3000 per annum,
and travelling expenses allowed when
absent inspecting works, etc. He was
paid out of the several appropriations
according to the time given to each work.
The buildings were generally constructed
under the supervision of a local commis-
sion, appointed by the Secretary of the
Treasury, with local architects and super-
intendents, who were paid out of the ap-
propriations. No system of keeping or
rendering accounts of the respective
works at the buildings or in the Depart-
ment had been adopted. The plans were
obtained through competition, and the
successful architect was generally ap-
pointed superintendent. -At this time
the United States owned but 23 Custom-
Houses and 18 Marine Hospitals, com-
pleted and occupied, and 15 Custom-
Houses were in course of construction.
Most of the buildings occupied had been
purchased.

With a view to a more efficient man-
agement, application was made by Secre-
tary Guthrie to the Secretary of War to
detail an engineer officer to take charge
of this branch of the service, and Captain
Alexander H. Bowman, of the Engineer
Corps of the United States Army, was
detailed and assigned to duty as engineer
in charge of the Bureau of Construction.
For these services he was allowed a com-
pensation of $8 per diem (less his pay
as captain), and his travelling expenses
while inspecting buildings. Mr. Young
was also retained as Supervising Archi-
tect to aid Captain Bowman in his par-
ticular branch of work. Captain Bow-
man, on assuming charge of the office,
prescribed certain regulations for the
government of the employe's, both at the
Department and on the different works,
and devised certain forms of vouchers,
accounts-current, abstracts of disburse-
ments, reports, returns, etc., all of which
were submitted to the Secretary of the

Treasury ; and, receiving his approval,
were adopted. These regulations and
forms are still in force, with such modi-
fications and variations as the growth
of the business and changes of system
in the expenditures have necessitated.
Under this new form plans for public
buildings were prepared in the Bureau
of Construction and reproduced by the
lithographic process, and the litho-
graphic copies were furnished to con-
tractors and builders, upon which they
submitted estimates and obtained con-
tracts.

Captain Bowman continued in charge
until the fall of 1860, when he was
relieved from duty, and S. M. Clark
assumed the duties as Acting Engineer in
charge. This arrangement ~ ^^-^^

continued

until July 28, 1862, when Isaiah Rogers
assumed charge of the office as Super-
vising Architect, and the designation of
the office was then changed to that of
" Office of Supervising Architect, Treas-
ury Department."

In 1864, Congress recognized the office,
and made a specific appropriation for its
officers. Mr. Rogers held the position
until September 30, 1865. During his
administration the use of photography
was applied to the reproduction of the
plans, and a building for photographic
purposes was erected south of the
Treasury.

On October 1, 1865, Alfred B. Mullett
was placed in charge as Acting Super-
vising Architect, and on June 1, 1866, he
was appointed Supervising Architect.
Mr. Mullett held the office until January
1, 1875, when he was succeeded by Win.
A. Potter, who, in turn, was succeeded
by James G. Hill, who assumed the duties
of the office August 11, 1876.

The increase of the work of the office
is shown by a comparison of the number
of buildings owned or in course of con-
struction under the control of the Treas-
ury Department, with their total cost,
June 30, 1853, and the number and cost
of such buildings June 30, 1879.

The number of buildings owned or in
course of construction June 30, 1853,
was 56, and their cost was $8,887,350.88.
The number of buildings owned or in
course of construction June 30, 1879, was
161, and their total cost to that date was
$77,904,649.87. The annual expenditure
for the first six years after the organ-
ization of the office averaged $2,000,000 ;
the expenditure for the past six years
averaged $6,171,044.67.

Of the 56 buildings owned or in course

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

of construction in 1853, 15 have been
sold or disposed of.

The office is charged with the follow-
ing duties : Selecting and purchasing
sites for all public buildings under the
Treasury Department, including Custom-
Houses, Appraisers' Stores, Court-Houses,
Post-Offices, Mint Buildings, Assay Of-
fices, and Marine Hospitals ; making de-
signs for these buildings, and preparing
plans, specifications, estimates, schedules,
detailed working drawings, models, etc..
therefor ; constructing the buildings, and
supplying heating, hoisting, and venti-
lating apparatus, vaults, safes, and locks
required for all public buildings in
charge of the Department, and perform-
ing all work necessary for their repair
and preservation. It has also to prepare
all contracts for the supply of materials
or labor required in connection with the
above duties. It is also charged with
the leasing of all buildings rented for the
public service under the Department, and
with the custody of the leases and deeds,
and all bonds of superintendents of con-
struction or repair of public buildings.
It is also required to give to accounts of
Disbursing Agents for the several works
hereinbefore specified the administrative
scrutiny required by law, before they are
forwarded to the proper accounting
officers for adjustment.

ARCHITECT'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Supervising architect $4500

Assistant and chief clerk 2250

Photographer 2250

Principal clerk 2000

2 clerks, each 1600

3 " " 1200

1 clerk 900

1 assistant messenger 720

In addition to the above permanent
force the following draughtsmen, com-
puters, writers, and skilled persons are
employed in this office for specific pur-
poses in connection with the construction
of new buildings, etc., at compensations
by the day, when employed :

1 sculptor $10.00

1 civil engineer 9.60

1 chief draughtsman 9.00

1 computer 8.00

3 draughtsmen, each 6.50

6 computers, each 6.00

1 phonographer 6.00

2 computers, each 5.50

8 draughtsmen, each 5.00

4 4.50

1 inspector of accounts 10.00

1 chief computer 9.60

2 draughtsmen, each $9.00

1 inspector of granite 7.00

6 draughtsmen, each 6.00

1 modeller 6.00

1 draughtsman 5.50

1 phonographer 5.25

5 computers, each 5.00

2 " " 4.50

1 assistant photographer 4.50

1 " " 4.25

4 computers, each 4.00

1 modeller 4.00

1 shipping and mail clerk 4.00

1 clerk and messenger 3.75

1 draughtsman 3.50

9 draughtsmen, each 3.00

computer 3.00

modeller 3.00

assistant photographer 3.00

tracers, each 3.00

copyist 2.50

laborer 2.50

1 messenger 2.00

1 tracer per annum 900.00

8 copyists, each " 900.00

2 messengers, each " 840.00

CONSTRUCTION OP PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

The following employes other than me-
chanics and laborers, under the direction
of the Supervising Architect, subject to
the approval of the Secretary of the
Treasury, are in service in connection
with the construction or repair of public
buildings in different cities in the United
States, and their tenure of office will cease
upon completion of the buildings or works
upon which they are engaged ; but it ia
safe to assume that in a growing and
prosperous country like ours no diminu-
tion in the aggregate of such works will
ensue, and therefore it is that this class
of public servants is included herein.

The changes to take place will be prin-
cipally in the personnel and location,
rather than in a reduction of the number
of persons so employed. It has not been
attempted to show the number and wages
of mechanics and laborers employed on
Government works, but large numbers of
such, of course, are employed continu-
ously and at irregular periods on these as
well as many other works of the Govern-
ment.

Per Diem.

5 superintendents of construction, each $9.00

6 " " " 8.00

7 " " " 7.00
6 " " " 6.00

1 assistant superintendent of construc-

tion 7.00

2 assistant superintendents of construc-

tion, each 6.00

1 superintendent of repairs 9.00

1 " . 8.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

Per Diem.

2 superintendents of repairs, each $6.00

1 superintendent of repairs, 5 per cent.

commission on cost of repairs.
4 superintendents of granite cutting,

each 7.00

6 clerks, each 6.00

4 " " 5.00

20 " " 4.00

1 clerk 2.00

2 foremen, each 6.00

4 " " 5.00

1 foreman 4.50

4 foremen, each 4.00

1 foreman 3.50

1 3.00

2 master-mechanics, each 5.00

1 " mechanic 4.00

2 " masons, each 4.00

1 " rigger 4.00

1 draughtsman 4.50

2 draughtsmen, each 4.00

4 inspectors, each 4.00

1 inspector 3.00

1 time-keeper 4.00

1 " .> 3.00

3 measurers, each. 4.00

2 receivers, " 3.00

3 messengers, " 2.00

1 messenger v 1.00

1 fireman .*. 2.50

2 watchmen, each 3.00

33 " " 2.00

5 " " 1.50

2 " " 1.25

1 watchman..., ,.. 1.00

STEAMBOAT INSPECTION SERVICE.

The Supervising Inspector-General of
Steam-Vessels is the head of this service,
under the direction of the Secretary of
the Treasury.

He has an office in the Treasury build-
ing, and his salary is 3500 per annum.

QUALIFICATIONS, POWERS, AND
DUTIES.

The Supervising Inspector-General
must be selected with reference to his
fitness and ability to systematize and
carry into effect all the provisions of law
relating to the Steamboat Inspection Ser-
vice. It is his duty to superintend, under
the direction of the Secretary of the
Treasury, the administration of the
steamboat inspection laws, preside at the
meetings of the Board of Supervising In-
spectors, receive and examine all ac-
counts of inspectors, report to the Secre-
tary of the Treasury upon all matters
pertaining to his official duties, and pro-
duce acorrectand uniform administration
of the inspection laws, rules, and regula-
tions.

There is no clerical force especially

provided by appropriation for the office
of the Supervising Inspector-General,
but the following clerks are detached
from other offices and assigned to duty
in it:

Per Annum.

1 clerk $1600

2 clerks, each 1200

1 assistant messenger 720

SUPERVISING INSPECTORS.

There are ten Supervising Inspectors,
who are selected for their knowledge,
skill, and practical experience in the uses
of steam for navigation ; and they must
be competent judges of the character and
qualities of steam-vessels, and of all parts
of the machinery employed in steaming.

It is the duty of the Supervising In-
spectors and the Supervising Inspector-
General to assemble as a Board once in
each year, in the city of Washington,
D. C., on the third Wednesday in January,
for joint consultation, to assign to each
Supervising Inspector the limits of terri-
tory within which to perform his duties ;
and to establish the necessary regulations
to carry out the law relating to the Steam-
boat Inspection Service, which, when ap-
proved by the Secretary of the Treasury,
have the force of law.

Each Supervising Inspector must watch
over all parts of the territory assigned to
him, visit, confer with, and examine into
the doings of the local boards within his
district, instruct them in their duties,
examine the condition of vessels licensed,
etc. He must, whenever he ascertains
that any master, mate, engineer, pilot, or
owner of any steam-vessel fails to perform
his duties according to law, report the
facts to the local board in the district
where the vessel belongs, and, if neces-
sary, cause the offending party to be
prosecuted ; and in case he finds that the
local board that inspected the vessel failed
to do its duty, report the facts in writing
to the Secretary of the Treasury.

He supervises the duties of the local
inspectors, and harmonizes differences of
opinion existing between local boards.
He must report in writing, at the annual
meetings of the Board, the general busi-
ness of his district, and the Board shall
examine into all the acts of each Super-
vising Inspector and local board, and all
complaints made against them, and the
judgment of the Board in each case must
be entered upon their journal. The Board
of Supervising Inspectors must establish
such regulations as will make known to
the local inspectors the names of all per-

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

sons licensed ; the names of those from
whom licenses have been withheld, and
the names of all whose licenses have been
suspended or revoked.

This Board must establish such regula-
tions to be observed by all steam-vessels
in passing each other as may be neces-
sary for safety, two printed copies of
which to be furnished to each vessel, to
be kept posted up in conspicuous places
in the vessels.

Number, station, and pay of the Super-
vising Inspectors :

Per Annum.

1 at San Francisco, Cal $3000

1 New York City 3000

1 Baltimore, Md 3000

1 St. Louis, Mo 3000

1 Galena, 111 3000

Louisville, Ky 3000

Cincinnati, Ohio 3000

Detroit, Mich 3000

Buffalo, N. Y 3000

New Orleans, La 3000

LOCAL INSPECTORS DUTIES, NUM-
BER, AND PAY.

The Local Inspectors must once in
each year, on the application of the
owner, inspect the hull of each steam-
vessel within their respective districts.
They must inspect the boilers of all
steam-vessels before they are used, and
once in every year thereafter. They
must see that the safety-valves are of
suitable dimensions, sufficient in number,
and well arranged ; that there are a suf-
ficient number of gauge-cocks, steam-
registers, and low-water-gauges, and
many other appurtenances requisite for
safety.

When the inspection of a steam-vessel
is completed, and the Inspectors approve
the vessel and her equipment throughout,
they must make and subscribe a certifi-
cate to the Collector of Customs in the
district in which the inspection has been
made. The Boards of Local Inspectors
grant licenses and classify the masters,
chief mates, engineers, and pilots of all
steam-vessels, and no person can serve in
either of those capacities without a license
from the Inspectors. They must keep a
record of certificates of inspection of ves-
sels, their boilers, engines, and ma-
chinery, and of all their acts in the ex-
amination and inspection of steamers,
whether of approval or disapproval.

The Inspectors perform other proper
duties in relation to the inspection of
steamers, their boilers, engines, hulls, and
machinery, which it is not deemed neces-
sary here to enumerate.

LOCAL INSPECTORS OF STEAMBOAT
HULLS.

Per Annum.
1 at Portland, Maine ................ . .......... $1200

1 " Boston, Mass ................................ 2000

1 " New London, Conn ....................... 1200

1 " New York City ............................. 2200

1 Philadelphia, Pa ........................... 2000

Baltimore, Md .............................. 2000

1 'Norfolk, Va ................................. 1200

Charleston, S. C ........................... 1200

Savannah, Ga ............................... 1200

New Orleans, La ........................... 2200

I Mobile, Ala ................................. 1500

1 " Galveston, Texas ........................... 1200

1 " St. Louis, Mo ............................... 2000

1 " Louisville, Ky .............................. 2000

1 " San Francisco, Cal ........................ 2000

1 < Nashville, Tenn ........................... 1200

1 < Pittsburg, Pa ............................... 2000

1 Wheeling, W. Va .......................... 1200

1 ' Cincinnati, Ohio ........................... 2000

1 ' Chicago, 111 ................................. 2000

1 < Detroit, Mich ............................... 2000

1 Buffalo, N. Y ............................... 2000

1 ' Cleveland, Ohio ............................ 1500

1 ' Oswego, N. Y .............................. 800

1 ' Burlington, Vt .............................. 800

1 ' Portland, Oregon .......................... 1200

1 Memphis, Tenn ............................ 1500

1 < Galena, 111 ................................... 2000

1 ' Marquette, Mich ........................... 800

1 < Port Huron, Mich ........................ 2000

1 < Evansville, Ind ............................. 1200

1 " Apalachicola. Fla
1 " Milwaukee, Wis
1 Seattle, Wash. Ty
1 " Albany, N. Y
1 " Grand Haven, Mich

800
2000

800
1200

900

ASSISTANT LOCAL INSPECTORS OF
STEAMBOAT HULLS.

Per Annum.
2 at New York City, each ..................... $2000

1 " New Orleans, La ........................... 1600

1 " Baltimore, Md .............................. 1600

1 " Wheeling, W. Va .......................... 1200

LOCAL INSPECTORS OF STEAMBOAT
BOILERS.

Per Annum.
1 at Portland, Maine ........................... $1200

Boston, Mass 2000

New London, Conn 1200

New York City 2200

Philadelphia, Pa 2000

Baltimore, Md 2000

Norfolk, Va 1200

Charleston, S. C 1200

Savannah, Ga 1200

New Orleans, La 2200

Evansville, Ind 1200

Apalachicola, Fla 800

Milwaukee, Wis 2000

Seattle, Wash. Ty 800

Albany, N. Y 1200

Mobile, Ala 1500

Galveston, Texas 1200

San Francisco, Cal 2000

St. Louis, Mo 2000

Louisville, Ky 2000

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.

1 at Nashville, Tenn $1200

1 ' Pittsburg, Pa 2000

1 ' Wheeling, W. Va 1200

1 ' Cincinnati, Ohio 2000

1 ' Chicago, 111 2000

1 ' Detroit, Mich 2000

1 " Buffalo, N. Y 2000

1 " Cleveland, Ohio 1500

1 " Oswego, N. Y 800

1 " Burlington, Vt 800

1 " Portland, Oregon 1200

I " Memphis, Tenn : 1500

1 Galena, 111 2000

1 " Marquette, Mich 800

1 " Port Huron, " 2000

1 " Grand Haven, Mich 900

ASSISTANT LOCAL INSPECTORS OF
STEAMBOAT BOILERS.

Per Annum.

2 at New York City, each

..$2000

1 " Philadelphia, Pa

.. 1600

^ a (( ((

.. 1200

1 " St. Louis, Mo

.. 1600

1 " Pittsburg, Pa

.. 1600

1 " Cincinnati, Ohio

.. 1600

i it t( (i

.. 1200

1 " New Orleans, La

.. 1600

1 " Oshkosh, Wis

.. 1200

CLERKS TO LOCAL BOARDS

INSPECTORS.

Per Annum.

1 at New York City

..$1200

^ (i a

.. 1000

1 ' New Orleans, La

.. 1200

1 ' Philadelphia, Pa

.. 2200

1 ' San Francisco, Cal

.. 1200

1 ' Albany, N. Y

.. 1000

1 ' Boston, Mass

.. 1200

1 ' Buffalo, N. Y

.. 1200

1 ' New London, Conn

.. 900

LIFE-SAYING SERVICE.

The Life-Saving Service was reorga-
nized by the act of June 18, 1878, for
the rescue of life and, secondarily, prop-
erty from stranded or otherwise endan-
gered vessels upon United States coasts.
It is under the charge of a General Super-
intendent, assisted by an AssistantGeneral
Superintendent. To facilitate its opera-
tions, the coasts of the United States are
divided into twelve districts. Each district
is in charge of a Local Superintendent,
required to be familiar with his coast and
its inhabitants, and to be an experienced
surfman. The Local Superintendent is
responsible to the General Superinten-
dent for the efficiency of his district. He
selects the keepers of the stations therein,
for whose professional fitness he is ac-
countable. He reports the condition of
the station-houses, estimates for the sup-
plies and repairs of each, and for the

salaries of the employe's, and makes dis-
bursements and payments for the district
salaries, and the smaller supplies and re-
pairs, under authority given by the Gen
eral Superintendent.

The keeper of each station is required
to be an experienced surfman, that is, a
man skilled in the technical art of man-
aging a boat in surf and in wrecking
operations. He selects his crew of six
men, for whose fitness and good conduct
he is responsible, and who are required
to be able-bodied and skilled surfrnen.
He is the custodian of the station and its
property, the governor of the crew in the
station precincts, the leader and captain
of the men in all their operations at
wrecks, and the steersman in the boat
service. He is an inspector of customs,
responsible for all goods on stranded ves-
sels. His salary is $400 per annum. His
crew receive S40 a month per man while
on duty. The term of service is from
September to May of each year (or for a
shorter period, if clement weather makes
it prudent), upon the sea and gulf coasts ;
upon the lakes, from the opening to the
close of navigation. While on duty, the
keeper and crews are required to reside
at the isolated stations upon the beaches,
which are at an average distance of five
miles from each other, and 195 in num-
ber. The duties of the men consist in
keeping a watch by day, or a patrol of
the beach if the weather is thick ; and
every night a constant patrol from sunset
to dawn, on the lookout for stranded or
otherwise endangered vessels. In case
of a wreck, their duty is to rescue those
on board, either by going out to them in
the boat, or by getting line communica-
tion with the vessel, and bringing the
people to shore in the life-car or breeches-
buoy. So far as practicable, and not to
interfere with the business of regular
wrecking companies, they are also re-
quired to save property upon wrecks and
report the same to the Superintendent.

Each district is under the charge of an
Assistant Inspector, who is an officer of
the Revenue Marine, detailed for the duty.
He supplements the Local Superintendent
in the charge of the district, continually
visits the stations, sees that everything
is in order, and drills the crew in the use
of the boat and wreck ordnance.

An officer of the Revenue Marine is
Inspector of Life-Saving Stations, having
the general oversight specially exercised
by the Assistant Inspectors, and attend-
ing to the purchase of all outfits and
supplies for the stations. Two officers

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

of the Revenue Marine are Superinten-
dents of Construction, and attend to all
the erections, renovations, and repairs
of the stations.

The duties of the General Superinten-
dent are to govern the organization herein
sketched. The office work consists in
furthering these operations. It involves
correspondence with the district officers,
authorizing repairs, the purchase of out-
fits and supplies, tours of inspection, in-
quiries into the conduct of subordinates,
payment of bills, and also multifarious
correspondence with outside parties in
reference to life-saving devices, applica-
tions for position, claims for service
rendered, and miscellaneous matters.
The accounting business of the office
relates to the disbursement, in small
sums, of about $500,000 per annum,
with the usual examination of accounts
and book-keeping involved. The office
business also comprises the examination
of the daily journals of the stations, with
the view of seeing, by the collation of
one with another, that the intercommuni-
cations of patrol are observed, and also
noting the condition of each houvse, and
the transactions and occurrences thereat.
The property returns from the stations
are also scrutinized, and the office inven-
tories made up from them. An impor-
tant feature of the office work is the
preparation, annually, of the statistics
of marine disasters required by the act
of Congress of June 20, 1874. The work
consists in the collection and verifica-
tion of the details of all marine disasters
to all vessels in our waters, and to Amer-
ican vessels abroad. The collections are
made by correspondence with masters,
owners, collectors of ports, and by daily
scrutiny of the marine columns of news-
papers. The results, in each instance,
are carefully compared, and correspond-
ence continues with the proper parties in
regard to discrepancies or insufficient in-
formation until a satisfactory conclusion
is reached. When the collections are
finally made and verified, they are ar-
ranged for publication into discriminated
tables, setting forth every phase of the
several casualties, such as their place of
occurrence, character, extent of injury,
amount of loss, and incident mortality ;
also the preparation of the plans and speci-
fications for all works of construction and
renovation.

VOLUNTEERS.

There are about 30 life-boat stations
where only enrolled volunteer crews are

employed, and these men are paid $10
each for every occasion of actual wreck
service, and $3 each for days devoted
to drill and exercise, or to standing guard
over rescued property.

On the Pacific coast the Local Superin-
tendent is a Revenue Marine Officer, who
gets no salary other than his regular
pay.

OFFICE OF THE LIFE-SAVING
SERVICE.

Per Annum.

General superintendent $4000

Assistant " 2500

1 principal clerk and accountant 1800

2 clerks, each 1600

1 clerk 1400

3 clerks, each 1200

1 clerk 1000

4 clerks, each 900

1 assistant messenger 720

GENERAL SERVICE OUTSIDE OF WASHINGTON.

1 superintendent of construction, per an-

num $2000

3 assistant superintendents, each, per

month 100

3 assistant superintendents, each, per

month 75

9 superintendents of districts, each, per

annum 1000

2 superintendents of districts, New Jersey

and Long Island coasts, each, per

annum 1500

1 assistant superintendent, per annum.... 500

170 keepers, each, per annum 400

975 surfmen, each, while on duty, per

month 40

When all the stations now authorized
shall be completed, the number of surf-
men to be employed will reach about
1400.

BUREAU OF STATISTICS

PURPOSES OF AND BUSINESS TRANS-
ACTED BY.

The purpose of this Bureau is the col-
lection, arrangement, and classification
of such statistical information as will
show, or tend to show, each year the con-
dition of the agriculture, manufactures,
and the domestic trade of the United
States, the commerce and navigation with
foreign countries, including exports from,
imports into, and all navigation employed
in the foreign trade of the United States.
It is made the duty of the Chief of the
Bureau to prepare the reports and tables
which will best show the same.

To enable the Bureau of Statistics to
prepare the annual report on the statistics
of commerce and navigation, Collectors

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

of Customs are required to make quarter-
yearly reports thereto, showing the kinds,
quantities, and values of all imported
merchandise free from duty, and subject
to duty; the kinds, quantities, and values
of all articles exported ; the national char-
acter and tonnage of all vessels which
depart from their respective districts for
foreign countries; also of all vessels
which enter their districts from foreign
countries ; also the kinds, quantities, and
value of merchandise entered and cleared
coastwise into and from their respective
collection districts.

The Bureau prepares and publishes
monthly reports of the exports and im-
ports of the United States, including the
quantities and values of the goods ware-
housed or withdrawn from warehouse,
and such other statistics relative to the
trade and industry of the country as the
Secretary of the Treasury may consider
expedient ; also an annual statement of
vessels registered, enrolled, and licensed
under the laws of the United States, with
the class, name, tonnage, and place of
registry of each vessel, and such other
information as the Secretary of the
Treasury may deem proper to embody
therein. Also an annual statement of all
merchandise passing in transit through
the United States to foreign countries ;
each description of merchandise, so far
as practicable, warehoused, withdrawn
from warehouse for consumption, for ex-
portation, for transportation to other dis-
tricts, and remaining in warehouse at the
end of each fiscal year. The Chief of
the Bureau must collect, digest, and ar-
range for the use of Congress the sta-
tistics of the manufactures of the United
States, their localities, sources of raw
material, markets, exchanges with the
producing regions of the country, trans-
portation of products, wages, and such
other conditions as are found to affect
their prosperity.

The tables in the report of the Chief
of the Bureau of Statistics include sta-
tistics in relation to finance, coinage,
commerce, immigration, shipping, the
postal service, population, railroads, agri-
culture, coal, iron, etc.

OFFICE FORCE OF THE BUREAU OF
STATISTICS.

Per Annum .

Chief of Bureau $3000

Chief clerk 2000

4 clerks, each '. 1800

5 " " 1600

5 " " 1400

1200

Per Annum.

3 clerks, each $1000

5 copyists, each 900

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer 660

1 female laborer 480

In addition to the above specifically
authorized force, the sum of $10,000 is
annually appropriated for the purpose of
enabling the Chief of the Bureau of Sta-
tistics to collect and collate statistics and
facts relative to the internal and foreign
commerce of the United States, out of
which a number of experts are paid.

Each expert is given a specific sum for
furnishing certain facts and statistics
relating to enumerated branches of the
subject, and according to the labor neces-
sary to procure the same, usually from
$150 to $400.

LIGHT-HOUSE ESTABLISHMENT.

The Light-House Board consists of
nine members, three of whom are civil-
ians, three naval officers, and three offi-
cers of the Corps of Engineers of the
army.

The Secretary of the Treasury is ex-
qfficio President of the Board, and con-
trols the disbursement of all moneys ap-
propriated for the Light-House Service,
and the appointment of all persons em-
ployed therein, except the army and navy
officers referred to.

Of the other two civilians, one is the
Superintendent of the Coast Survey, and
the other a scientist. The latter position
was occupied by Prof. Joseph Henry,
from the formation of the Board until
his death. It is now filled by Prof.
Henry Morton, President of the Stevens
Institute of Technology, New Jersey.

The Board elects its own Chairman,
who, in the absence of the Secretary of
the Treasury, presides at its meetings,
and, as a rule, signs the more important
letters addressed to others than officers of
the Board.

The other members of the Board on duty
at its office are the Naval Secretary, who
s an officer of the navy, and is assigned
:o duty as such by the Secretary of the
tfavy, and the Engineer Secretary, who
's an officer of the army, and is assigned
;o duty as such by the Secretary of War.

The Board makes its own regulations,
subject to the approval of the Secretary
of the Treasury.

Under the regulations adopted the

val Secretary is placed in charge of
;he office of the Light-House Board.

100

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

In addition to this he is charged with
the supply and maintenance of the lights
and buoyage ; with the discipline of the
personnel of the service ; with the care
of the vessels belonging to the Establish-
ment ; with the conduct of the corre-
spondence relating to these several mat-
ters, and with the performance of the
duties of the Engineer Secretary in his
absence.

The Engineer Secretary is charged
with the purchase and care of the real
estate of the Establishment, with the
erection and repair of the light-houses,
with the purchase and care of the illumi-
nating apparatus ; with the correspond-
ence relative to these matters, and with
the performance of the duties of the
Naval Secretary in his absence.

The other members of the Board serve
on its various committees, and make such
inspections and perform such other duties
as may be assigned to them by the Board
through the Chairman.

The Board was organized by the act of
August 31, 1852, which required it to
make a plan for the lighting of the coasts
(ocean, lake, and river) of the United
States. This report was made and sub-
mitted to Congress, by which it was in
effect adopted. Since that date appropri-
ations have been made from time to time
for carrying the plan into operation.

The plan provides, in brief, for lighting
the whole coast-lines of the United States,
including those of the Atlantic and Pa-
cific, those of the lakes and of the larger
rivers.

The Atlantic coast-line is about 5000
miles long ; that of the Pacific about
1500 ; that of the lakes about 3000, and
that of the rivers about 5500 miles.

There are on the coasts, oceans and
lakes, 655, and on the rivers, 508 light-
stations. In addition to these there are
54 fog-signals, 2955 buoys, 420 day-bea-
cons, and 25 light-ships in position.

For this purpose the coasts of the
United States are divided into 14 districts.
Over each district is an Inspector and an
Engineer, who, under executive order, are
disbursing officers.

The Inspector is an officer of the navy,
the Engineer of the Corps of Engineers
of the army. It is the duty of the In-
spector, under the direction of the Board,
to supply the light-houses and light-ships
with lighting material and with the
rations and fuel for keepers , to inspect
the lights quarterly ; to enforce the regu-
lations of the Board, and otherwise
maintain discipline among the keepers,

nominating them for promotion and trans-
fer when necessary to the Secretary of
the Treasury, through the Board.

It is also the duty of the Inspector to
obtain, place in position, and keep in
condition the buoys of his district, and in
the absence of the Engineer to perform
the Engineers duties.

It is the duty of the Engineer, under
the direction of the Board7 to purchase
such land as is needed for the Light-
House Establishment ; to prepare plans
when so directed ; to erect new structures,
and to keep the old ones in repair 5 to
have charge of the illuminating apparatus
of his district, and to perform the duties
of the Inspector in his absence.

Each Inspector and Engineer has, when
necessary, one or more vessels, called
light-house tenders, under his orders,
with which to perform his duties ; the
officers of which he nominates and the
crews of which he ships. The Secretary
of the Treasury is, by law, authorized
and required to assign Collectors of Cus-
toms as Superintendents of Lights, and
it is their duty to nominate, through the
Board, to the Treasury Department per-
sons for appointment into the Light-
House Service, and to pay the salaries of
such light-keepers as they may be directed
to pay. For this service each Superinten-
dent is entitled under the law, where his
compensation as Collector does not exceed
$3000 a year, to a compensation not to
exceed $400 a year, which compensation
has heretofore been distributed at the
rate of 2 per cent, upon the sums dis-
bursed.

LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICTS.

The following will give the limits and
bounds of the 14 Light-House Districts:

FIRST DISTRICT.

Extends from the northeastern boun-
dary of the United States (Maine) to and
including Hampton Harbor, New Hamp-
shire, and includes all aids to navigation
on the coasts of Maine and New Hamp-
shire.

SECOND DISTRICT.

Extends from Hampton Harbor, New
Hampshire, to include Gooseberry Point,
entrance to Buzzard's Bay, and embraces
all the aids to navigation on the coast of
Massachusetts.

THIRD DISTRICT.
Extends from Gooseberry Point, Massa-

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

101

chusetts, to include Squan Inlet, New
Jersey, and embraces all the aids to navi-

Sition on the sea and sound coasts of
hode Island, Connecticut, and New
York ; Narragansett and New York Bays,
Providence and Hudson Rivers, White-
hall Narrows, and Lake Chainplain.

FOURTH DISTRICT.

Extends from Squan Inlet, New Jer-
sey, to and including Metomkin Inlet,
Virginia. It includes the sea-coast of
New Jersey below the Highlands of
Navesink ; the bay-coasts of New Jersey
and Delaware ; the sea-coasts of Dela-
ware and Maryland, and part of the
sea-coast of Virginia.

FIFTH DISTRICT.

Extends from Metomkin Inlet, Vir-

ginia, to include New River Inlet, North
arolina, and embraces part of the sea-
coast of Virginia and North Carolina,
Chesapeake Bay, the sounds of North
Carolina, and the James and Potomac
Rivers.

SIXTH DISTRICT.

Extends from New River Inlet, North
Carolina, to and including Cape Canav-
eral light-house, Florida, and embraces
part of the coast of North Carolina and
Georgia, and part of the coast of Florida.

SEVENTH DISTRICT.

Extends from Cape Canaveral, on the
eastern coast of Florida, to the Perdido
River, on the Gulf Coast, and embraces
all the aids to navigation within those
limits.

EIGHTH DISTRICT.

Extends from the Perdido River, Flo-
rida, to the Rio Grande, Texas, and em-
braces the coasts of Alabama, Missis-
sippi, Louisiana, and Texas.

(Ninth District consolidated with the
Eighth.)

TENTH DISTRICT.

Extends from the mouth of St. Regis
River, New York, to include Grassy
Island light-house, Detroit River, Michi-
gan, and embraces all the aids to navi-
fition on the American shores of Lakes
rie and Ontario, and St. Lawrence
River.

ELEVENTH DISTRICT.

Embraces all aids to navigation on the
Northern and Northwestern Lakes above

Grassy Island Light station, Detroit
River, and includes Lakes St. Clair,
Huron, Michigan, and Superior, and the
straits connecting them.

TWELFTH DISTRICT.

Embraces all aids to navigation on the
Pacific coast of the United States, be-
tween the Mexican frontier and the
southern boundary of Oregon, and in
eludes the coast of California.

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT.

Embraces all aids to navigation on the
Pacific coast of the United "States north
of the southern boundary of Oregon.
It extends from the forty-first parallel of
latitude to British Columbia, and in-
cludes the coasts of Oregon and Wash-
ington Territory.

FOURTEENTH DISTRICT.

Extends from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania,
to Cairo, Illinois, and embraces all the
aids to navigation on the Ohio River.

FIFTEENTH DISTRICT.

Extends on the Mississippi River from
the head of navigation to New Orleans,
and on the Missouri River from the head
of navigation to its mouth, and embraces
all the aids to navigation within these
limits.

OFFICE OF THE LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD.

Chief clerk per annum $2400

2 clerks, each " 1800

2 " 1600

2 " " 1400

4 " 1200

12 900

1 assistant messenger " 720

1 laborer " 660

1 laborer per day 2

1 messenger per month 60

1 draughtsman " 150

2 draughtsmen, each " 140

1 draughtsman " HO

" 100

1 assistant engineer " 200

1 draughtsman " 175

It is provided by law that there shall
be detailed from the Engineer Corps of
the army such officers as may be neces-
sary to superintend the construction and
renovation of light-houses.

There are employed in the 14 Light-
House Districts, in the different light-
houses, stations, and light-ships, ( J95

102

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

keepers and assistant keepers, with
salaries ranging from $100 to $1000 per
annum, the average being limited by law
to $600 per annum.

There are also employed a number of
persons as superintendents of construc-
tion, clerks to the several inspectors, and
engineers and other employes on board
of the light-house tenders, as follows:

Per Annum.

56 engineers, each, from $720 to $2400

28 clerks, " " 900 < 2400

8 messengers, " " 360 " 840

26 masters, " " 12'00 " 1800

32 mates, " " 360 " 1200

6 keepers of buoy depots and

tenders, each, from 720" 1000

11 superintendents of construc-
tion, each, from 1200 " 2400

5 draughtsmen, each, from 1500 " 2125

2 machinists, " 1460

1 superintendent of repairs 1460

1 " " " 1440

6 lampists, each, from 1080 " 1460

1 storekeeper 1500

13 foremen, each, from 1200 " 1800

1 writer and assistant storekeeper 900

1 custodian 432

1 porter 720

1 writer 600

1 pilot 1500

1 copyist 900

1 depot-keeper 540

MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE.

The Marine-Hospital Service of the
United States was established by act of
Congress of July 16, 1798, and as reorga-
nized by acts of Congress of June 29,
1870, and March 3, 1875, is the medical
department for the mercantile marine, to
which are intrusted the health interests of
the officers and crews of American vessels
engaged in foreign, coastwise, and inland
trade, and of the vessels of the Revenue
Marine.

The object of the establishment of this
service was to encourage fit persons to
become seamen, by affording care and
treatment to such as may, while follow-
ing their vocation, become sick or dis-
abled. The service is chiefly supported
by a tax of 40 cents per month as hos-
pital-dues upon the wages of the seamen
while actually employed.

Originally, the disbursement of the
fund arising from the hospital-dues was
under the immediate charge of the Presi-
dent of the United States, but the admin-
istration of the- service was soon placed
in the hands of the Secretary of the
Treasury.

The Surgeon-General, under whose im-

mediate charge t^e service is now placed,
is by law charged with the supervision,
under the direction of the Secretary of
the Treasury, of all matters connected
with the Marine-Hospital Service, and
with the disbursement of the fund. The
medical inspection of seamen with ref-
erence to their seaworthiness previous to
shipment is also performed by medical
officers of this service when requested by
the United States Shipping Commission-
ers, or by the masters or owners of ves-

1s. In addition to the care of the sick
and disabled of the Mercantile-Marine
and Revenue-Cutter Service, and the
physical examination of seamen previ-
ous to shipment, the medical officers of
this service are further required to exam-
ine into the physical qualifications of offi-
cers of the revenue-cutters, and of the
keepers and crews of life-saving stations.

Original appointments into the medi-
cal corps are made to the grade of Assist-
ant Surgeon only, and after a thorough
examination into professional qualifica-
tions by an examining board of surgeons
of the service, and the medical officers
are assigned to duty wherever their ser-
vices may be required from time to time.
There are medical officers of this service
on duty at all the principal ocean, lake,
and river ports of the United States. The
relief-stations of the service at which
permanent arrangements have been made
for the care of sick and disabled seamen
are nearly 200, and the number of pa-
tients of the service are from 15,000 to
25,000 each year.

This service is a peculiarly American
institution, there being no similar service
in any other country. The provisional
nomenclature of diseases of the London
College of Physicians and Surgeons has
been adopted and published by the Treas-
ury Department for use in this service.

The Marine-Hospital Service has also,
with the approval of the Secretary of the
Treasury, adopted the metric system of
weights and measures.

Under the act of Congress of April 29,
1878, the medical corps of this service
was further charged, under the direction
of the Secretary of the Treasury, with
certain duties in aid of the enforcement
of quarantine, so far as any may be en-
forced by the Government, and the Sur-
geon-General was required to publish
weekly returns showing the sanitary con-
dition of foreign ports with which the
United States enjoys commercial inter-
course. The duties of the Marine-Hos-
pital Service with reference to quarantine

TREASURY DEPARTMENT*

and the public health have recently been
transferred to- the National Board of
Health ; the latter body having been cre-
ated by Congress.

OFFICE OF THE SUPERVISING SURGEON-
GENERAL.

Per Annum.

Supervising Surgeon-General $4000

1 assistant surgeon v. 1800

1 medical purveyor 2000

3 clerks, each 1600

3 " 1400

1 clerk 1300

1 1200

1 steward 900

2 copyists, each 900

1 copyist 700

1 messenger 800

1 laborer, per month 40

1 35

1 " 20

The Marine-Hospital Service comprises
the following :

Per Annum.

2 surgeons, each $3000

10 " " 2500

1 surgeon 2000

1 \ 1600

1 1200

1 600

6 passed assistant surgeons, each 1800

1 assistant surgeon 1800

13 " surgeons, each 1600

1 acting assistant surgeon 1200

surgeons, each

surgeon ,

surgeons, each.

1000
900
800
600
500
480
420
360
300

surgeon ,. 240

surgeons, each 200

180

" " 150

1 " " surgeon 100

177 other employe's in hospitals, includ-
ing stewards, nurses, attendants, eooks,
porters, etc., with salaries ranging from
$120 to $720 per annum.

FIRST

COMPTROLLER
TREASURY.

OF THE

The office of Comptroller of the Treas-
ury (now First Comptroller) was estab-
lished by the act of Congress of Septem-
ber 2, 1789.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

This office is charged with the exami-
nation and revision of all civil accounts
except those relating to customs and the
postal service, and, on appeal, of post-

office accounts also ; thus, in this class of
accounts, holding th'e^ ultimate power of
control in the settlement of -all claims oh
the Treasury. It is also We^r^eg^tivo.P
of the First Comptroller to cminia&dgn
all warrants drawn by the Secretary of
the Treasury, in conformity with the
laws and the appropriations, both for
covering money into the Treasury and
for drawing it therefrom, excepting only
those connected with post-office opera-
tions. He therefore, necessarily, has
cognizance of all revenues, funds, and
appropriations, and he has also the nega-
tive power to hold in check all disburse-
ments of the public money.

Of the accounts subject to his revision
as aforesaid, he has the right of instruc-
tion as to the time and manner of stating
them, and of construction of the laws
applicable to their settlement ; and in the
revision and adjustment thereof, he de-
cides what is admissible; and he may al-
low or reject, or suspend or modify any
or all of the items therein, and his cer-
tificate to the Register of the Treasury of
the balances arising thereon is the high-
est authority in the matter of an account
known to the Department.

The First Comptroller has also au-
thority to superintend the preservation
of said accounts and the recovery of the
dues to the United States as thus found
and certified, and to direct suits and legal
proceedings for the purpose; and he is
the custodian of the bonds and contracts
relating to matters coming within his
jurisdiction.

He has also appellate jurisdiction, only,
in the settlement of the accounts arising
in the Post-Office Department; and when-
ever the Postmaster-General, or any per-
son whose account is settled by the Sixth
Auditor, is dissatisfied, either can make ap-
peal within twelve months after said set-
tlement to the First Comptroller, whose
decision thereon is final.

The First Comptroller also passes upon
and approves the sufficiency of all bonds
of contractors, disbursing agents, Collec-
tors of Internal Revenue, receivers, mar-
shals, consuls, and others giving bonds
in connection with revenue and the civil
and diplomatic accounts of the Govern-
ment, and takes charge of the same,
which are filed in his office.

ACCOUNTS REVISED BY FIRST COMP-
TROLLER.

In pursuance, therefore, of the powers
with which the First Comptroller has

104

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

been invested, with a view to a check on
frauds by the double examination of
claims, first by an Auditor, then by the
Comptroller, this office receives for re-
vision all accounts stated by the Fifth
Auditor and the Commissioner of the
General Land Office, and all accounts
stated by the First Auditor, except those
relating to customs, and, in cases of ap-
peal, the post-office accounts.

The accounts thus received for exami-
nation and decision from the First Audi-
tor pertain to the Judiciary, the United
States Treasurer, the Loans and Public
Debt, the salaries of the Civil List, the
construction and repair of Public Build-
ings, the Contingent expenses of Congress
and the Departments, the Paper and Pub-
lic Printing, the Territories, the District
of Columbia, the Mint, Steamboat Inspec-
tors, Express accounts, etc.

From the Fifth Auditor, the Diplomatic
and Consular accounts, the Internal Rev-
enue accounts, the Census accounts.

From the General Land Office, accounts
of Surveyors, and Receivers of public
moneys.

This great variety of accounts, as classi-
fied and reported with serial numbers,
constitute eight distinct series of ac-
counts. These accounts, with accom-
panying reports thereon, are all ex-
amined, corrected, certified, and recorded
in this office, and then referred to the
office of the Register of the Treasury.
The records of this office, as kept by the
warrant clerks, furnish the key to the
condition of the Treasury, including the
receipts and expenditures, the funds and
appropriations.

MANNER OF CONDUCTING THE BUS-
INESS IN THE OFFICE OF THE FIRST
COMPTROLLER.

No short statement can give the modus
operandi of the work of this office. The
duties are too manifold, and the details
are too multifarious to be embraced in
any brief article.

To the Comptroller the clerks look for
the construction of the law ; and the
clerical duties and labors of the office are
distributed among the several divisions
of the office, each being charged with its
appropriate work.

This office embraces the following di-
visions, namely : Judicial Accounts, For-
eign Intercourse, Internal Revenue, and
Book-keepers' Division.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF THE FIRST COMP-
TROLLER.

Per Annum.

First Comptroller $5000

Deputy Comptroller 2700

4 chiefs of division, each 2100

5 clerks, each 1800

1 assistant messenger.

3 laborers, each

1600

1400

1200

1000

900

720

660

SECOND COMPTROLLER OF THE
TREASURY.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

The Second Comptroller's Office was
established by act of Congress of March
3, 1817, and to it was assigned the re-
vision of all accounts passed upon by the
Second, Third, and Fourth Auditors re-
spectively, and the countersigning of all
warrants drawn by the Secretaries of the
War and Navy Departments.

The original act also provided that the
Second Comptroller should prescribe the
official forms to be issued in the different
offices of these two Departments for the
disbursement of the public money, and
the manner and form of keeping and
stating accounts.

Upon the establishment of the Interior
Department, March 3, 1849, there was
added to the Second Comptroller's duties
the revision of all Indian and Pension
accounts, and, consequently, the counter-
signing of all requisitions issued by the
Secretary of the Interior pertaining to
these classes of accounts.

The Second Comptroller's Office is the
custodian of all bonds of the disbursing
officers of the War and Navy Depart-
ments, and the Indian and Pension Offices,
as well as the originals of all contracts
made by these Departments and Offices
for the furnishing of all supplies, doing
any work, and the transportation of any
goods or materials.

The clerical force of the office is divided
into divisions, to each of which is as-
signed the special duty of revising some
particular class of accounts. These di-
visions are :

Army Paymasters Division, which re-
ceives direct from the Second Auditor all
accounts of Army Paymasters 5 bounties
to soldiers ; back pay due deceased offi-
cers and soldiers ; disbursing officers of
National Home for Disabled Volunteers ;

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

105

Ordnance and Medical accounts, and
Contingent Military expenses.

Navy Paymaster' 1 s Division, which re-
ceives all of the accounts passed upon by
the Fourth Auditor, to wit : Paymasters
on ships, at home, and on foreign sta-
tions ; Paymasters at navy-yards ; Pay-
master and Quartermaster or the Marine
Corps ; bounties to seamen and marines ;
back pay of officers and enlisted men
transferred and discharged, or deceased ;
Naval Pension Agents, and Financial
Agent at London.

Quartermaster'' s Division, which re-
ceives from the Third Auditor all a'c-
counts of the disbursing officers of the
Quartermaster, Subsistence, and Engineer
Departments of the Army.

Indian Division, which receives from
the Second Auditor all accounts of Super-
intendents, Agents, Inspectors of the
Indian Department, and all contractors
for furnishing supplies or transportation
of supplies for that Department.

Miscellaneous Division, which receives
from the Third Auditor claims arising
for horses lost during the war ; supplies
of all kinds furnished the Army or taken
by the Army ; steamboats chartered or
impressed ; claims allowed by the Court
of Claims and Southern Claims Commis-
sion.

Army Pension Division, which receives
from the Third Auditor all the accounts
of Army Pension Agents.

The book-keepers' room, where all the
requisitions issued by the War and Navy
Departments, and those issued by the
Secretary of the Interior relating to Pen-
sions and Indians, are registered and
posted under each head of appropriation.

The manner of doing the business of
this office is the same in all the divisions.
The accounts and claims a.re received
from the Auditors' Offices and sent direct
to the Chief of the proper division, where
they are at once registered alphabetically
and chronologically.

These accounts and claims are next
examined in turn by the clerks of the
division, in the same manner as if they
had not been before examined. Each
mathematical calculation is gone over,
and every expenditure is carefully scru-
tinized as to its legality and the appro-
priation out of which it should be paid.
In all cases of expenditure under con-
tract, the contracts are examined in con-
nection with the accounts.

Upon the completion of the revision of
an account or claim, it is submitted to
the Chief of Division, who, if the revision

agrees with the report made by the Au-
ditor thereon, places his initials upon the
report, and it is then sent to the Comp-
troller for signature, and returned to the
Auditor with all the papers. The papers
are then filed, with the exception of the
report (which bears the signatures of the
Auditor and Comptroller) showing the
official balance either for or against the
United States.

In cases of settlements showing a bal-
ance due from the United States, the
report is transmitted to the head of the
Department under which the allowance
properly belongs, for the issue of his
requisition upon the Secretary of the
Treasury for the issue of his warrant for
the money.

When in the revision of an account
this office fails to agree with the finding
of the Auditor, the question is submitted
to the Comptroller in person, and if he
sustains the objections, the account, with
all the papers, is returned to the Auditor
with the objections.

In most instances the Auditor corrects
his report to correspond with the ruling
of the Comptroller, but if he adheres to
his first finding, as is sometimes the case,
the account is returned with such a
statement, when this office may yield or
find a balance in accordance with its own
views, which finding is binding upon all
the Departments and the Auditor.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF SECOND COMPTROLLER.

Per Annum.

Second Comptroller $5000

Deputy Comptroller 2700

5 chiefs of division, each 2100

8 clerks, each 1800

1600

, 1400

1200

1000

900

840

3 laborers, each 660

COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY

The Bureau of the Comptroller of the
Currency was established by the act of
February 25, 1863, which act was super
seded by that of June 3, 1864. Its chief
officer is denominated the Comptroller of
the Currency, and he is under the general
direction of the Secretary of the Treasury.
A deputy is provided for by law, who pos-
sesses the powers and performs the duties
attached by law to the office of the Comp-
troller during a vacancy in s.uch office, or

106

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

during the absence or inability of the
Comptroller.

Neither the Comptroller nor the Deputy
Comptroller may, either directly or in-
directly, be interested in any association
issuing National currency.

DUTIES OF THE COMPTROLLER, AND
FORMATION OF NATIONAL BANKING
ASSOCIATIONS.

The Comptroller is charged with the
execution of all laws respecting the issue
and regulation of a National currency,
secured by United States bonds. Secure
and fire-proof vaults are provided in
the Treasury Department, in which the
Comptroller must deposit and safely keep
all the plates not necessarily in the pos-
session of engravers or printers.

A National banking association may
be formed by any number of persons not
less than five, who must execute articles
of association, specifying in general terms
the object for which the association is
formed. The articles may contain any
other provisions, not inconsistent with
law, for the conduct of the affairs of the
banks, and must be signed by all the per-
sons so uniting, and be forwarded to the
Comptroller of the Currency, to be filed
in his office. They must also make an
organization certificate, which shall
specify,

1st. The name assumed by the asso-
ciation, which name is subject to the
approval of the Comptroller.

2d. The place where its operations of
discount and deposit are to be carried on.

3d. The amount of its capital stock,
and the number of shares into which the
same is divided.

4th. The names and residences of the
shareholders, and the number of shares
held by each.

5th. A declaration that said certificate
is made to enable them to avail them-
selves of the advantages of the National
bank act.

This certificate must be acknowledged
before a judge of a court of record, or a
notary public, and be transmitted to the
Comptroller of the Currency, whose duty
it is to record and carefully preserve it in
hispffice.

A National banking association has
succession by the name designated in its
organization certificate for a period of
twenty years, unless sooner dissolved.

No association can be organized with
a less capital than $100,000, nor in cities
where the population exceeds 50,000 per-

sons, with a less capital than $200,000 ;
except that in any place having less than
6000 inhabitants banks may, with the
special approval of the Secretary of the
Treasury, be organized with not less
than $50,000 capital.

No increase or reduction of the au-
thorized capital of an association can be
made without the approval of the Comp-
troller of the Currency being first ob-
tained, and no increase is valid until the
whole amount is actually paid in and cer-
tified to under oath.

Fifty per centum of the capital stock
must be paid in before commencing busi-
ness, and the remainder in monthly in-
stalments of ten per centum each. They
must also transfer and deposit with the
Treasurer of the United States registered
bonds, in an amount not less than
$30,000, nor less than one-third of the
capital stock paid in. But by a late
act the maximum amount of bonds re-
quired for any bank is $50,000.

One of the provisions in the grant of
powers to National banking associations
is that the National banks may loan
money upon personal security only,
that is, real estate may not be taken by
them, directly or indirectly, as original
security for any loan ; the effect of which
is to make them commercial institutions,
and to discourage the loaning of money
upon securities not readily convertible.

Mortgages on real estate may be taken,
or real estate be conveyed to them, by
way of security for or in satisfaction of
debts previously contracted in good faith;
or they may purchase the same at sales
under judgments, decrees, or mortgages
held by them. But all possession by
them of such real estate, whether under
mortgage, by purchase, or otherwise, ia
limited to five years.

It is the duty of the Comptroller of
the Currency to examine and ascer-
tain whether all provisions of law have
been complied with, before issuing his
authority to the same to commence busi-
ness.

Transfers of bonds by banking asso-
ciations are made to the Treasurer of the
United States in trust, and no transfer or
assignment by the Treasurer of such bonds
is valid unless countersigned by the Comp.
troller. The Comptroller must keep in his
office a book in which is entered the name
of every association from whose accounts
transfers of bonds are made by the Treas-
urer, and the name of the person to
whom the transfer is made. The par
value of transferred bonds is entered

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

107

therein ; and it is the duty of the Comp-
troller, immediately upon countersigning
and entering the same, to advise by mail
the association for whose account such
transfer was made of the kind and nu-
merical designation of the bonds and the
amount thereof.

The Comptroller must countersign and
enter in a book every transfer or assign-
ment of any bonds held by the Treasurer,
presented for his signature, and at all
times, during office hours, he is entitled
to access to the books of the Treasurer
for the purpose of verifying the correct-
ness of the transfer or assignment, and
he may also have access to the bonds on
deposit with the Treasurer, to ascertain
their amount and condition.

Upon the transfer and delivery of any
United States bonds to the Treasurer, the
association depositing the same is entitled
to receive from the Comptroller circulating
notes equal to ninety per centum of the
current market value of the bonds so de-
livered, but not exceeding ninety per
centum of the amount of said bonds at
par value thereof, if bearing interest at
a rate of not less than five per centum
per annum.

The amount of circulating notes which
may be issued to any association must
not, however, exceed the following pro-
portion : To each association whose capi-
tal does not exceed $500,000, ninety per
centum of such capital ; to those whose
capital exceeds $500,000, but not $1,000-
000, eighty per centum of such capital ;
and to those whose capital exceeds $3,-
000,000, sixty per centum of such capital.

The Comptroller must, under the direc-
tion of the Secretary of the Treasury,
cause plates and dies to be engraved, and
to have printed therefrom, and numbered,
such quantity of circulating notes, in
blank, of the various denominations, as
will be required to supply the associa-
tions entitled to receive the same. When
the promise to pay such notes on demand
is signed by the President, or Vice-Presi-
dent, and Cashier of the association, it
is authorized to issue and circulate the
same as money. These notes are issued
in the denominations of (dollars) ones,
twos, fives, tens, twenties, fifties, one
hundreds, five hundreds, and one thou-
sands ; but since the resumption of specie
payments no notes of the denomination
of ones and twos have been issued, the
law providing that after specie payments
are resumed no notes of a less denomina-
tion than five dollars shall be furnished.

The amount of National bank notes

outstanding on November 1, 1879, was
$335,841,388 (of legal tender notes $346.-
681,016).

The officers of National banks are re-
quired to make returns under oath to
the Treasurer of the United States, and
to pay to him in semi-annual instal-
ments an annual duty of one per cent,
upon the average amount of their circu-
lating notes, one-half of one per cent,
upon the average amount of their de-
posits, and a like rate upon the average
amount of their capital stock beyond the
amount invested in United States bonds.
This duty is in lieu of all other Govern-
ment taxes.

The payment to the United States of
the duties named does not, however, re-
lieve the National banks from any lia-
bility to taxation by other than Govern-
ment authority, as it is expressly provided
that nothing in the act shall prevent the
shares of these associations from being
taxed by States, as is other similar prop-
erty, or shall exempt their real property
from State, county, or municipal taxa-
tion, to the same extent as other real
property.

The United States tax paid by them
amounts to nearly seven millions an-
nually, and is equal to two per centum
upon the total amount of National bank
circulation.

A system of redemption of the circu-
lating notes of the National banks is pro-
vided, whereby not only may they be
readily converted into lawful money, but
the mass of the circulation may be kept
clean through the retirement of such
portion as becomes worn or mutilated,
and the issue of new notes by the Comp-
troller in their stead. This redemption
is accomplished and compelled by requir-
ing, first, that each National bank shall
redeem its circulating notes at its own
counter, at par, in lawful money on
demand ; second, that the notes of all
closed banks shall be redeemed by the
Treasurer; third, that all worn, muti-
lated, or defaced National bank notes
which are received by any assistant
treasurer or designated depositary of
the United States shall be forwarded
to the Treasurer for redemption ; and,
fourth, by providing that when the notes
of any associations, assorted or unas-
sorted, are presented in sums of $1000,
or any multiple thereof, to the Treasurer,
they shall be redeemed by that officer.
The Government is indemnified for all re-
demptions made by it, either by the bonds
which it holds, as in the case of insolvent

108

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

banks, or by a deposit of lawful money
which is required to be previously made
by all other banks.

If a National bank fails to pay its cir-
culating notes, the Comptroller is author-
ized to sell its bonds and provide for the
payment. The Government is indemni-
fied against any possible loss from its
guaranty of the payment of such circu-
lating notes, by having reserved to it by
law a paramount lien upon all the assets
of any association which defaults in the
redemption of its notes, to make good
any deficiency arising from the sale of
its bonds.

The destruction of all mutilated notes
and of notes of closed banks, redeemed
by the Treasurer, is regulated by instruc-
tions of the Secretary, given in pursu-
ance of law. All notes destroyed are
previously counted by separate agents or
representatives of the Secretary, the
Treasurer, the Comptroller of the Cur-
rency, and the banks which issued the
notes ; they are effectually mutilated by
clipping and punching, to prevent their
possible circulation should they by any
remote chance pass out of the possession
of the Treasury before destruction ; they
are, in the presence of each of the agents
mentioned, placed in a triple-locked ma-
cerating machine, where they are imme-
diately ground into pulp; and their de-
struction is certified to by all the agents,
both upon proper books in the Treasury
Department and in certificates sent to the
banks of issue.

Every association must make to the
Comptroller of the Currency not less
than five reports in each -year, exhibiting
in detail the resources and liabilities of
the association on any past day by him
specified. The separate report of each
association must be published in a news-
paper in the place where the association
is established, or, if there is no news-
paper in the place, then in the nearest
one thereto.

Upon notice of failure of any asso-
ciation to redeem its circulating notes,
the Comptroller, with the concurrence of
the Secretary of the Treasury, may ap-
point a special agent, and direct him to
proceed to examine as to the failure, and
make report to the Comptroller ; and if it
be true that the association has refused to
pay its circulating notes, he shall within
30 days declare the United States bonds
and securities pledged by such associa-
tion forfeited to the United States, and the
notes shall then be paid in lawful money
of the United States at the Treasury.

The Comptroller may appoint a receiver
to close the affairs of any defaulting as*
sociation.

In addition to the means for acquiring
a knowledge of the condition of the banks
furnished by the reports already inen-
ioned, the law provides for their exami-
nation periodically by disinterested per-
sons to be appointed by the Comptroller.
These persons visit the banks, inspect
;heir books of account, securities, and
assets and liabilities generally, have
3ower to examine their officers and direc-
;ors under oath, and inquire into all
matters necessary to a full understanding
of their actual, existing condition, and
then make immediate and full report in
writing of the results of such examina-
tion. This feature of the law is an in-
valuable one, operating not only as a
restraint against irregular practices by
any banks so disposed, but as a means
of detecting them and preventing their
recurrence. These examinations may be
as frequent as is thought necessary, and
their expense is borne by. the banks
themselves.

National Bank Examiners are allowed
compensation as follows : Those appointed
to examine banks located in the redemp-
tion-cities, namely, Albany, Baltimore,
Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Cincinnati,
Cleveland, Detroit, Louisville, Milwau-
kee, New Orleans, New York, Philadel-
phia, Pittsburg, Ilichmond, St. Louis,
San Francisco, and Washington, or in
any one of the States of Oregon, Cali-
fornia, and Nevada, or in the Territories,
such compensation as may be fixed by
the Secretary of the Treasury upon the
recommendation of the Comptroller of
the Currency.

Those appointed to examine any other
National bank: For examining National
banks having a capital less than 100,000,
$20; those having a capital of $100,000
and less than $300,000, $25 ; those hav-
ing a capital of $300,000 and less than
$400,000, $35 ; those having a capital of
$400,000 and less than $500,000, $40;
those having a capital of $500,000 and
less than $600,000, $50 ; those having a
capital of $600,000 and over, $75.

On November 1, 1879, there were 2050
associations in operation, with a capital
of more than $455,000,000, and with
deposits amounting to more than $713,-
000,000.

It is the duty of the Comptroller of
the Currency to make the following re-
ports to Congress annually :

First. A summary of the condition of

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

109

every association, with an abstract of
the whole amount of banking capital
returned by each, the whole amount of
its debts and liabilities, the amount of
circulating notes outstanding, and the
total amount of means and resources.

Second. A statement of the associa-
tions whose business has been closed
during the year, with the amount of their
circulation redeemed, and the amount
outstanding.

Third. Any amendment to the laws
relative to banking by which the system
may be improved, and the security of the
holders of its notes and other creditors
may be increased.

Fourth. The whole amount of the
expenses of the Banking Department
during the year.

Fifth. A statement exhibiting the
resources, liabilities, and condition of the
banks, banking companies, and savings
banks organized under the laws of the
several States and Territories.

The Office of the Comptroller of the
Currency has the following divisions,
namely: Organization, Issue. Redemp-
tion, Reports.

FORCE OF THE OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
OF THE CURRENCY.

Per Annum.

Comptroller of the Currency 5000

Deputy Comptroller 2800

4 chiefs of division, each 2200

1 superintendent National currency 2000

1 teller 2000

1 book-keeper 2000

1 assistant book-keeper 2000

Ibond clerk 2000

1 stenographer 1600

7 clerks, each 1800

11 " 1600

8 " 1400

8 " 1200

2 " " 1000

34 " " 900

1 messenger 840

3 assistant messengers, each 720

2 night watchmen (for the vaults) 720

3 laborers, each 660

COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

The duties performed and powers exer-
cised by the Commissioner of Customs
were originally lodged with the First
Comptroller of the Treasury, and this
office may be said to be an outgrowth of
the latter. As the nation grew, the
natural increase of business devolved on
the First Comptroller many duties not at
first considered, and as the customs were

the chief source of revenue to the Gov-
ernment, it seemed necessary that one
officer should give his undivided attention
to the settlement of accounts connected
with this branch of the public service.
Congress, by act of March 3, 1849, recog-
nized this necessity, and by the twelfth
section of that act created the Office of
Commissioner of Customs, which from
the powers and duties attached would
more appropriately have been named
Third Comptroller, the duties of a Com-
missioner of Customs proper being and
still remaining with the Secretary of the
Treasury.

The accounts of that class of public
officers who are charged with the collec-
tion from the people of the imposts on
merchandise brought from abroad, and
the regulation under law of the commerce
of the country, are rendered to the First
Auditor of the Treasury, by whom they
are examined, and what is technically
called a statement is made, which in
mercantile affairs would be called a state-
ment of account rendered, all items of
debit and credit being properly arranged,
balance struck, and a statement of all
errors and omissions appended. The
account with this statement is then trans-
mitted to the Commissioner of Customs,
where it undergoes its final revision, and
is carefully examined as to facts, figures,
and law. As, for instance, what is called
an account of customs, which is an
itemized account of duties on imported
goods, is examined by the law to see that
the rate of duty is correct, that the cal-
culations are correct, and that the money
has been paid into the Treasury. It is
then certified to the Register of the
Treasury, and the officer from whom the
account is received is notified of its cer-
tification or settlement, with a statement
of all errors, omissions, or corrections
which appear therein.

The Office of Commissioner of Customs
is divided as follows: Customs Division,
Book-keepers' Division, and Miscella-
neous Division.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER OP-
CUSTOMS.

Per Annum.

Commissioner of Customs $4000

Deputy Commissioner 2250

2 chiefs of division, each 2100

2 clerks, each 1800

4 " " 1600

10 " " 1400

9 " " 1200

3 " " 1000

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer..., . 660

110

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

FIRST AUDITOR.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

The Office of First Auditor was estab-
lished by the act of Congress of Septem-
ber 2, 1789.

It is the duty of this office to receive
and examine the following accounts :

All accounts relating to the receipt
and disbursement on account of Customs
and the Revenue-Cutter Service. The
accounts of Customs are received and ad-
justed monthly, and include the duties
on imports, marine-hospital dues, and
duties on tonnage ; the disbursement ac-
counts comprise the salaries of all cus-
toms officers and the incidental expenses
incurred in collecting the revenue from
customs.

All accounts accruing from salaries in
the Patent Office.

All accounts of the Judiciary of the
United States. These accounts include
those for the salaries of the judges and
other officers ; accounts of marshals for
expenses of the United States courts and
for their fees ; accounts of district attor-
neys for attendance upon United States
courts, etc., for their travel and fees; ac-
counts of clerks of United States courts
for their attendance, and for fees, and
accounts of United States Commissioners
for fees.

All accounts of the Treasurer of the
United States, Assistant Treasurers, Uni-
ted States Depositaries, and other fiscal
agents of the Treasury Department, for
the payment of interest on the public
debt, Treasury bonds, and Government
obligations.

The accounts of the Treasurer of the
United States for the general receipts
and expenditures of the Government are
made up and rendered quarterly. The
account current, a large volume, has to
be carefully compared with a certified
account received from the Register of all
warrants drawn on the Treasurer or in
his favor during the quarter ; the amount
remaining unpaid and outstanding of
previous quarters, and the amount of
such warrants for which he claims credit
as being paid, the amount of balances in
the various depositories, etc. All war-
rants drawn on the Treasurer are paid
by drafts, and he cannot receive credit in
the Auditor's Office for a warrant unless
it is accompanied by its appropriate draft,
properly endorsed by the payee.

All accounts of the officer in charge of
the public buildings and grounds in the
District of Columbia.

All accounts of the expenditures of the
Department of Agriculture.

All accounts of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey.

All accounts of Steamboat Inspection
Service.

All accounts of Mints and Assay Of-
These include bullion accounts,
ordinary expenses of the Mints and As-
say Offices, such as salaries of officers,
clerks, etc., wages of workmen, and inci-
dental expenses.

All accounts of Life-Saving Service.

All accounts of disbursements for Dis-
trict of Columbia.

All accounts of Public Printer.

Salary accounts, Which include the
accounts of disbursing officers for pay-
ment of salaries to all persons who re-
ceive a regular compensation, embracing
the pay-rolls of the seven great Depart-
ments, the accounts of the Superintendent
of Weights and Measures, Clerk of the
House of Representatives, Secretary of
the Senate, Librarian of Congress, As-
sistant Treasurers, and Depositaries.

Contingent expenses of all the Depart-
ments, including expenses of grading
about the Capitol grounds, Library of
Congress, and Botanical Garden, ex-
penses of the National loan, contingent
expenses in the several Sub-Treasuries,
of the Executive Mansion, Public
Printer, accounts for repairs, furniture
for Treasury Department, etc., except
Patent Office and Post-Office Department.

All accounts of the disbursements for
charitable institutions in the District of
Columbia.

All accounts of the disbursements of
the National Board of Health.

Accounts of the Customs Special
Agents ; accounts for the defence of suits
in the Court of Claims.

All accounts not enumerated, of what-
ever character, not specially assigned by
law to other accounting officers, are
properly referred to this office for settle-
ment.

After examination of the accounts
relating to customs, the Auditor must
certify the balances, and transmit the
same, with the vouchers and certificates,
to the Commissioner of Customs for his
decision thereon. The other accounts
are examined and certified, and trans-
mitted in like manner to the First Comp-
troller for his decision thereon.

The First Auditor certifies balances,
and transmits the same to the Commis-
sioner of Customs for his decision thereon,
of accounts which do not relate to receipts

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

Ill

from customs, except in an indirect way ;
for example :

The accounts of expenditures in the
construction of public buildings for cus-
tom-houses, court-houses, and post-offices
under the control of the Treasury De-
partment ; also accounts of the expendi-
tures under the appropriation for fuel,
light, and water for public buildings,
salaries of light-house keepers, construc-
tion and repair of light-houses, of steam-
tenders used in the light-house service,
and other expenses on account of said
service, and other accounts.

The Office of the First Auditor is
divided into four divisions, namely : The
Public Dabt Division, which has charge
of all matters of accounts relating to the
public debt ; the Customs Division, with
charge of accounts relating to customs ;
the Warehouse and Bond Division, with
charge of matters connected with cus-
toms warehouses, and the bonds pertain-
ing to the same j the Judiciary Division,
with charge of the accounts relating to
the United States courts. Besides the
above-named four regular divisions there
is what may properly be termed a Miscel-
laneous Division, which is not, however,
dignified with a chief to preside over it.
It consists of a number of independent
desks.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF THE FIRST AUDITOR.

First Auditor

Deputy Auditor

4 chiefs of divisions, each.
7 clerks, each

9 " " ,

10 " " ,

16 " "

3 " "

5 copyists and counters.

Per Annum.

$3600

2250

2000

1800

, 1600

, 1400

, 1200

1000

. 900

2 assistant messengers, each 720

2 laborers, each 660

SECOND AUDITOR.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

The Office of Second Auditor was es-
tablished by the act of March 3, 1817.

It is the duty of this office to receive
and examine all accounts relating to the
pay and clothing of the army, the sub-
sistence of officers, bounties and pre-
miums, military and hospital stores, and
the contingent expenses of the War De-
partment ; all accounts relating to Indian
affairs, and of agents of lead and other
mines of the United States ; and after
examination of such accounts, the Second
Auditor must certify the balances to the

Second Comptroller for his decision
thereon.

The Second Auditor is directed by law
to audit and settle the accounts of line
officers of the army to the extent of the
pay due them for their services, notwith-
standing the inability of any such line
officer to account for property intrusted
to his possession, or to make his monthly
reports or returns, if the Auditor is satis-
fied by the affidavit of the officer, or
otherwise, that the inability was caused
by the officer's having been a prisoner in
the hands of the enemy, or by any acci-
dent or casualty of war.

He registers all warrants drawn by the
Secretary of the Treasury upon requi-
sitions of the Secretary of War for the
payment of moneys for the pay and
clothing of the army, the subsistence of
officers, and under all those accounts
which the law makes it his duty to ex-
amine and settle as enumerated above.

The following different classes of ac-
counts are examined and settled in the
Second Auditor's Office: Paymasters of
the Army ; Arrears of Pay and Bounty ;
Ordnance ; Medical ; Recruiting ; Freed-
men's Branch, Adjutant-General's Office ;
National Home for Disabled Volunteer
Soldiers; Miscellaneous accounts and
claims; Payments to Soldiers' Home;
Indian Disbursing accounts ; Indian
claims; Indian Property accounts, and
War Property accounts.

The Second Auditor's Office is divided
into five main divisions and five sections,
the names of which will sufficiently indi-
cate the branch of business with which
each is charged, viz. :

Names of Divisions : Investigation of
Frauds ; Indian ; Pay and Bounty ; Pay
masters' ; Book-keepers.

Names of Sections: Ordnance, Medical,
and Miscellaneous ; Correspondence and
Records ; Property ; Inquiries and Re-
plies ; Archives.

INFORMATION RELATING TO BOUN-
TIES.

Any person entitled to arreais of pay
or bounty on account of services in the
United States Army during the War of
the Rebellion of 1861-65, should apply
to the Second Auditor, who will furnish
the proper blanks to be filled up, and
thus no expense need be incurred beyond
the magistrate's fee before whom the affi-
davit is made and the fee of the clerk of
the court certifying to the magistrate's
signature, etc.
"For the benefit of those who may not

112

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

be aware of their rights as to bounty,
etc., the following information is inserted:

CLASSES ENTITLED TO BOUNTIES.

Soldiers of the late war, so far as bounty
is concerned, may be divided into the fol-
lowing classes :

I. Those two and three years' men
who enlisted between April 12, 1861, and
December 24, 1863, or between April 1,
1864, and July 18, 1864.

Soldiers of this class were entitled to
$100 bounty, for a full term of service, or
upon an honorable discharge ; and an ad-
ditional $100 under the act of July 28,
1866, on substantially the same terms.

Those serving two years were entitled
to $50, under the act of July 28, 1866 ;
but if a soldier discharged before serving
two years, on account of disease contracted
in the service, died before July 28, 1866,
his heirs would be entitled to the addi-
tional bounty.

II. Those three years' men who en-
listed between December 24, 1863, and
April 1, 1864.

Soldiers of this class were promised $300
bounty, payable in instalments during
service. Full term of service, or discharge
by reason of wound, or the termination
of the war, entitle a soldier to the full
amount, but on discharge by reason of
disease or promotion payment ceased.

Enlistments after October 24, 1863,
into regiments in the field are construed
as being under Class II.

III. Those who enlisted after July 18,
1864. ^

Soldiers of this class, composed of one,
two, and three years' men, were promised
$100, $200, and $300 respectively, and were
paid only when the full term was served,
or when discharged by reason of wound.

IV. Veterans.

Soldiers of this class, composed of nine
months' men, serving since April 12, 1861,
and re-enlisted for three years, between
January 1, 1863, and April 1, 1864, were
entitled to $400, under the same regula-
tions as those of Class II. Those persons
of this class who received only $300 can-
not receive additional bounty, unless they
became veteranized.

V. Drafted men.

Drafted men, or their substitutes, who
enlisted for three years, prior to Septem-
ber 5, 1864, were entitled to $100 bounty
for full term of service, or on discharge
by reason of wound or expiration of war.
The act of Congress of July 28, 1866, does
not affect these men.

HEIRS OF SOLDIERS.

The heirs of a soldier are entitled to
any bounty due him, and are paid in the
following order : First, the widow 5 second,
the children ; third, the father, if he sup-
ports the family ; fourth, the mother ; and,
fifth, the brothers and sisters.

Exceptions.

I. Non-resident father or mother, or
more remote heirs, are entitled only to
accrued bounty.

II. In the absence of the widow or
minor children, the additional bounty
provided by the act of July 28, 1866, goes
to the father and mother jointly, provided
the father supports the family.

III. The bounty given to Class III.
goes only to the widow, minor children,
or mother of the soldier, a widow at the
time of his death.

IV. Under the act of July 28, 1866,
additional bounty does not go to heirs
more remote than parents.

This additional bounty under act of
July 28, 1866, is not given to soldiers who
have received a larger bounty than $100.

Soldiers enlisted in the regular army
between July 1, 1861, and June 25, 1863,
are now entitled to $100 bounty, under
the same conditions as volunteers. Those
enlisted on or after April 15, 1861, to the
bounty of July 28, 1866. Those enlisted
into the regular army for five years,
within ninety days from June 25, 1863,
the date of General Order Adjutant-Gen-
eral's Office, 190, are entitled to $400
bounty, payable in instalments.

All soldiers enlisted or re-enlisted into
the regular army for three years, under
joint resolution of Congress of January
13, 1864, and General Order No. 25, are
entitled to $400 bounty.

By act of June 20, 1864, regulars,
serving under enlistments made prior to
July 22, 1861, and re-enlisted under this
act into their old regiments for three
years, are entitled to $400 bounty, pay-
able in instalments.

Colored troops have been placed 011
an equal footing with white troops.
^ By act of Congress of April 22, 1872,
$100 bounty is given to men who enlisted
between April 12, 1861, and July 22, 1861,
and were mustered into service prior to
August 6, 1861, but is not payable to
heirs, to a dishonorably discharged soldier
or one discharged for promotion.

In case of loss of the discharge certifi-
cate, proof thereof will be sufficient to
obtain bounty.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

113

No bounty can be obtained by a dis-
honorably discharged soldier or deserter.

Right to bounty is forfeited by a widow
marrying prior to July 28, 1866.

FORCE OP SECOND AUDITOR'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Second Auditor $3600

Deputy Auditor 2250

5 chiefs of division, each 2(

Disbursing clerk ls

9 clerks, each l f

29 ' 1600

' 1400

35 ::."."...;... 1200

8 1000

2 assistant messengers, each 720

8 laborers, each 660

THIRD AUDITOR.

By an act of Congress approved May
8, 1792, the Office of Accountant of the
Department of War was created. Said
officer was required to report his settle-
ment of accounts for the inspection and
revision of the Comptroller of the Treas-
ury.

The act of March 3, 1817, abolished
the Office of Accountant of the Depart-
ment of War, and in lieu thereof created
the Office of Third Auditor and the Office
of Second Comptroller of the Treasury,
and prescribed the duties of each of these
officers, the duties of the Accountant of
the Department of War being, as above
intimated, transferred to the new officer
called Third Auditor.

DUTIES.

It is the duty of the Third Auditor to
receive from the War Department and
audit all accounts (money) and property
returns, relating to the Quartermaster's
(except clothing, camp and garrison
equipage property), Subsistence, Engi-
neers, and Signal Bureaus, also the ac-
counts of the Military Academy, surveys
of roads and other internal improve-
ments, under the direction of the Secre-
tary of War, and generally all accounts
of the War Department not specifically
directed to be settled by the Second Au-
ditor; and in addition to those above
mentioned, he audits the accounts for the
payment of pensions.

BUSINESS OF THE OFFICE.

Military accounts and returns are trans-
mitted by the officers rendering them to
the Chief of the Staff Department under
which the disbursements were made or
the accountability incurred, and after
administrative scrutiny by that officer

through his subordinates, are forwarded
to the Third Auditor for settlement.

Pensions are paid by Pension Agents,
who transmit their accounts direct to the
Third Auditor for settlement.

He also settles the claims of States and
Territories for military services and ad-
vances on account of the military service
assumed by various special acts of Con-
gress, and claims of officers and enlisted
men for private horses lost or killed in
the military service of the United States.

He also receives, examines, and adjudi-
cates claims of a miscellaneous character
of citizens for other property lost in the
military service of the United States, or
purchased and not paid for, or seized or
impressed for the use or benefit of the
Government, and growing out of the
military service, not embraced in the
claims of States and Territories herein-
before referred to ; also claims for trans-
portation of troops and military supplies,
which he settles and allows or rejects,
wholly or in part, in accordance with law
and the evidence submitted.

MANNER OF CONDUCTING THE BUSI-
NESS.

All these various accounts and claims,
with their respective vouchers, having
been received, recorded, examined, and
audited by the Third Auditor, he makes
separate report thereon, with a reconcil-
ing sheet or statement of differences,
when they exist, and transmits them to
the Second Comptroller for his revision
and confirmation, in each case, who, after
his official action thereon, returns them
to the Auditor, with his certified decision
appended to the Auditor's certificate.

In the case of claims (which must be
distinguished from current accounts in
this, that the disbursements in the latter
have already been made before adjudica-
tion, while in the former payment is only
made upon final decision of the account-
ing officers, after settlement), a requisition
is called for, and transmitted to the Sec-
retary of War, who makes requisition
upon the Secretary of the Treasury for
the amount to be drawn from the proper
fund already appropriated and available
for the purpose, and upon which the Sec-
retary of the Treasury issues his warrant
for its payment, which, after being duly
countersigned and checked, is paid from
the Treasury by draft.

All advances to disbursing officers are
drawn from the Treasury upon requisi-
tion and warrant, and substantially in
the same manner.

314

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

It is also the duty of the Third Auditor
to keep books of appropriations and requi-
sitions, together with personal accounts of
disbursing officers and agents, showing
advances to, and disbursements by, each
respectively.

ORGANIZATION INTO DIVISIONS.

To facilitate the despatch of the public
business, the force of the office is organ-
ized into divisions, there being by law
five chiefs and the same number of gen-
eral divisions, viz. : Book-keeper's, Quar-
termaster, Commissary, Pension, and
Claims.

The Chiefs of Division keep complete
records of all matters appertaining to
their respective divisions to the minutest
detail, and have charge of the clerical
force under their control, subject to the
direction of the Auditor, superintend and
conduct the official correspondence with
officers and other persons whose accounts
or claims come under their special juris-
diction.

All accounts and claims, after being
returned to the Auditor by the Comp-
troller, and the balances arising thereon
having been entered upon the books, are
numbered and systematically filed for
future reference.

FORCE OF THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE.

Third Audi
Deputy Au
5 chiefs of
6 clerks, ea
16
57
43
7
9
1 assistant
7 laborers,
1 female la

tor

Per Annum.
$3600

ditor

2250

division, each

2000

1800

1600

1400

. 1200

1000

900

720

each

660

borer....

. 480

FOURTH AUDITOR.

The Office of Fourth Auditor was es-
tablished by the act of March 3, 1817.

GENERAL DUTIES.

It is the duty of the Fourth Auditor to
receive and examine all accounts accru-
ing in the Navy Department, and of
Navy pensions; and to certify the bal-
ances to the Second Comptroller.

He is charged with keeping all ac-
counts of the receipts and expenditures
of the public money in regard to the
Navy Department, and of all debts due

to the United States on moneys advanced
relative to that Department. He receives
from the Second Comptroller the accounts
which are finally adjusted, and must pre-
serve them, with their vouchers and cer-
tificates, and record all requisitions drawn
by the Secretary of the Navy.

He must report to the Secretary of the
Treasury annually, on the first Monday
in November, the application of the
money appropriated for the Navy De-
partment.

In every case of the loss or capture of a
vessel belonging to the Navy, the Fourth
Auditor, under the direction of the Sec-
retary of the Navy, is authorized, in the
settlement of the accounts of the pay-
master of such vessel, to credit him with
such amount of the provisions, clothing,
small stores, and money, with which he
stands charged on the books in the
Fourth Auditor's Office, as the Auditor
shall be satisfied was inevitably lost by
such capture or loss of a public vessel.

He must allow in the settlement of the
accounts of a disbursing officer every
disbursement of public moneys, or dis-
posal of public stores, made by such dis-
bursing officer, pursuant to an order of
any commanding officer of the Navy,
upon satisfactory evidence of the making
of such order, and of thepaymentof money
or disposal of stores in conformity with
it, and the commanding officer who made
the order is held accountable.

He is authorized in settling the ac-
counts of seamen and others, not officers,
borne on the books of any vessel in the
Navy wrecked, or which has not been
heard of for so long a time that her wreck
may be presumed, or which has been de-
stroyed or lost, with the rolls arid papers,
to fix a day when such wreck, destruc-
tion, or loss may be deemed to have oc-
curred ; also of any vessel which by any
casualty, or in action with the enemy,
has been sunk or otherwise destroyed,
with the rolls and papers, to assume the
last quarterly return of the paymaster as
the basis for the computation of the
credits of those on board, to the date of
such loss, if there be no official evidence
to the contrary ; also to allow to each
person, not an officer, as aforesaid, on
board of any vessel which has been sunk
or destroyed, whose personal effects have
been lost, a sum not exceeding $60, as
compensation for the loss of his personal
effects ; and in case of the death of any
such petty officer, seaman, or other per-
son, not an officer, such payment shall be
made to the widow, child or children,

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

115

father, mother, or brothers and sisters,
jointly. In case any officer of the Navy
or Marine Corps on board of a vessel in
the employ of the United States, which
by any casualty, or in action with the
enemy, has been sunk or destroyed, has
lost his personal effects without negli-
gence or want of skill or foresight on his
part, the Fourth Auditor is authorized to
allow to such officer a sum not exceeding
the amount of his sea pay for one month
as compensation for such loss.

The accounts settled in this office em-
brace those of purchasing paymasters,
stationed in large cities, paymasters of
navy-yards, and of the various ships in
commission, disbursing officers in foreign
countries, navy pension agents, and the
paymaster and quartermaster of the
Marine Corps.

In addition to these there is a great
number of miscellaneous accounts and
individual claims of officers and seamen
for back pay, bounty, and prize-money.

Disbursing officers' accounts are settled
quarterly, and the balance certified to
the Second Comptroller for revision, and
when returned by him, the account, with
all papers and vouchers pertaining thereto,
is placed on file in this office.

In the case of claims presented, the
evidence is examined, and an account
stated in the ordinary form of debit and
credit, specifying the appropriation out
of which the sum due is payable. The
account is then certified to the Second
Comptroller, and when admitted by him
is returned, and the debt is paid directly
from the Treasury.

Prize-money is distributed to the
officers and crew of the capturing vessel
in proportion to their respective rates of
pay in the service.

The admiral commanding fleet receives
uV (^ p er cent.) of all prize-money al-
lowed to any vessel belonging to the fleet,
and the fleet-captain -^ (1 per cent.).

The commanding officer of the captur-
ing ship is entitled to T V (10 per cent.).
The remainder is apportioned to the offi-
cers and crew upon the basis of salaries.

EXAMPLE.

After making the deductions above specified,
suppose the remainder of the award to be
$20,000, the number of officers and men to be
100, and their aggregate salaries to-be $30,000.

If they all shared alike, each would receive
$200. Sharing as they do, in proportion to
their respective rates of pay, a lieutenant, whose
salary is $2400, would be entitled to $1600.

A master salary 1800, would be entitled to
$1200.

An engineer, salary $1000, would be entitled
to $666.67.

A petty officer, whose pay is $25 per month,
$300 per year, to $200.

A seaman, whose pay is $21.50 per month,
$258 a year, to $172.

A boy, whose pay is $10 per month, $120 a
year, to $80.

Which may be arrived at by the rule of pro-
portion, thus :

Aggregate Amt. to be
Salaries. Distributed.

$30,000 : ?20,000 :

Annual Pay. Share.
Lieutenant, $2400 = $1600

Master, 1800 = 1200

Petty officer, 300 = 200

Seaman,S21.50amo., 258 = 172
Boy, {10 a mo., 120 = 80

If the prize is of superior or equal
force to the vessel making the capture,
the captors are entitled to the whole of
the net proceeds; but when of inferior
force, one-half is decreed to the United
States, and deposited in the Treasury for
the benefit of Navy pensioners, forming
a perpetual fund termed the Navy Pen-
sion Fund. This fund amounted in the
year 1880 to the sum of $14,000,000.

BOUNTIES TO SAILORS OF THE UNITED
STATES NAVY.

Claims of sailors for bounties should
be presented to the Fourth Auditor of the
Treasury.

Bounties are allowed to sailors as fol-
lows :

By act of Congress of March 3, 1863,
substitutes for drafted men (for the
army), entering the naval service for a
term of three years, between March 3.
1863, and September 5, 1864, each $100.

By Joint Resolution of Congress of
February 24, 1864, able seamen and ordi-
nary seamen who re-enlisted between
February 24, 1864, and June 30, 1864,
each an amount equal to three months r

pay-
By act of Congress of July 1, 1864, all
persons who enlisted into the naval service
or Marine Corps after July 1, 1864, or
during the continuance of the War of the
Rebellion, each the same bounty as if en-
listed into the army; and the joint reso
lution of February 24, 1864, was thereby
repealed.

No other bounties to sailors have been
allowed, except " bounty for destruction
of enemies' vessels," which properly
comes under the head of " prize-money.''

This office embraces the following di
visions and sections : Paymasters and
Marine Accounts, Book-keepers', Navy
Pay and Allotment, Prize-Money and
Record, Pension Accounts, and General
Claims.

116

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

FORCE OF FOURTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Fourth Auditor $3600

Deputy Auditor 2250

3 chiefs of division, each 2000

2 clerks, each 1800

14 " 1600

8 " " 1400

9 " " 1200

3 " " 1000

5 " " 900

1 assistant messenger 720

2 laborers, each 660

FIFTH AUDITOR.

The Office of the Fifth Auditor was
established by the act of March 3, 1817.

DUTIES.

To receive and examine all accounts
accruing in or relative to the Department
of State, all accounts of the Commissioner
of Internal Revenue, all accounts relating
to the contingent expenses of the Patent
Office, and all accounts relating to the
Census Office.

In adjusting accounts assigned by law
or custom to the Fifth Auditor, his gen-
eral powers are to determine whether the
charges made or the items claimed are
provided for by law ; whether the vouch-
ers are in due form, the calculations cor-
rect, and in cases where special jurisdic-
tion is not by law vested in some other
officer, to determine whether the charges
are reasonable in amount, subject to the
revision of the First Comptroller.

He must, by his clerks, examine all the
items in every account or claim ; keep
enlightened on the provisions of law
relating to all cases within his jurisdic-
tion, and on decisions of the United States
courts pertaining to the same ; and apply
with fairness and impartiality to each
case and each item the principles of law
as given by the courts or interpreted
by the Attorney-General of the United
States. To do this properly involves the
necessary correspondence for obtaining
explanations, and the taking of evidence
by oath or otherwise in relation to the
several matters which may come before
him for action.

MANNER OF BUSINESS.

Accounts, claims, and correspondence
may come direct to the Auditor, or by
reference from the head of a Department
or office. When an account is received
it is filed, registered> and is taken up in
regular order for examination and adjust-

ment by the clerk to whom assigned.
The receipt of each account, claim, or
letter is acknowledged as soon as may be
in a letter signed by the Fifth Auditor.
Officers and claimants sometimes come in
person to make explanations and argu-
ments on their accounts and claims, and
they are heard and questioned by the
Auditor or Deputy ; and in cases of
details, when only general and well-known
principles are involved, such explanation
may be made directly to the Chiefs of
Divisions or clerks.

In general, the vouchers are examined
by the clerks, who also make the calcula-
tions and the reports, and write the cor-
respondence and do the recording. They
are instructed to bring to the attention of
the officers placed above them all matters
appearing of an unusual, suspicious, or
doubtful character, or that involve any
new principles, or that contain amounts
of an extraordinary nature.

The assignment of work to the clerks,
and the general supervision of work and
the details relating to the conduct of the
office, is performed by the Deputy Au-
ditor, who acts under the direction of the
Auditor, or in accordance with his well-
known wishes and intentions.

Each account adjusted is put in the
form of a debit and credit statement, and
accompanied by a " statement of differ-
ences," if any occur between the amounts
allowed and those claimed, with a clear
explanation of how the differences arose,
and the reasons why any item in, the
account cannot be allowed. This state-
ment is made and signed by the clerk
who has examined the account and vouch-
ers, who follows the directions of his
superior officers in allowing or disallowing
particular items. The same clerk makes
up a written report to accompany the
statement and vouchers, which is signed
by the Auditor, and, with all the papers
in the case, is, after being recorded, sent
to the First Comptroller for examination
and approval, or such action as he may
see fit to take thereon.

All letters addressed to the Fifth Au-
ditor are promptly acknowledged, and
answered as soon as the facts necessary
for a proper answer can be obtained.

Calls for information on the part of
Committees of the Senate and House of
Representatives, and by Senators and
Representatives individually, heads of
Departments and Bureaus, owners of
vessels trading at foreign ports, relatives
of persons dying in foreign countries,
and calls for instructions as to powers

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

117

and duties on the part of consuls and
other officers of the Government, are con-
stantly made and answered.

The Fifth Auditor's Office has two
divisions, the Diplomatic and Consular
and the Internal Revenue Collector's.

FORCE OP FIFTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Fifth Auditor $3600

Deputy Auditor 2250

2 chiefs of division, each 2000

2 clerks, each 1800

5 " " 1600

4 " " 1400

6 " " 1200

2 " " 1000

3 " " 900

1 messenger 840

1 laborer 660

SIXTH AUDITOR.

The Office of the Sixth Auditor was es-
tablished by the act of July 2, 1836.

DUTIES OF THE SIXTH AUDITOR,
AND SUMMARY OF BUSINESS TRANS-
ACTED IN HIS OFFICE.

It is the duty of the Sixth Auditor to
receive all accounts arising in the Post-
Office Department, or relative thereto,
with the vouchers necessary to a correct
adjustment thereof, and to audit and set-
tle the same, and certify the balances
thereon to the Postmaster-General, and to
keep and preserve all accounts and vouch-
ers after settlement. He must close the
accounts quarterly, and transmit to the
Secretary of the Treasury quarterly
statements of the receipts and expen-
ditures of the Post-Office Department.
He reports to the Postmaster-General
the manner and form of keeping and
stating the accounts of the Post-Office
Department, and the official forms of
papers to be used in connection with
its receipts and expenditures. He must
report to the Postmaster-General all de-
linquencies of postmasters in rendering
their accounts and returns, or in pay-
ing over money-order funds and other
receipts at their offices. He must regis-
ter, charge, and countersign all warrants
upon the Treasury for receipts or pay-
ments issued by the Postmaster-General,
when warranted by law. It is his duty
to perform such other duties in relation
to the financial concerns of the Treasury
Department as may be assigned to him
by the Secretary of the Treasury, and
make such reports to the Secretary or to
the Postmaster-General respecting the
same as either of them may require.

All payments on account of the postal
service must be made to persons to whom
the same are certified to be due by the
Sixth Auditor, but advances of necessary
funds to defray expenses may be made
by the Postmaster-General to agents em-
ployed to investigate mail depredations,
examine post-routes and offices, and on
other like services, to be charged to them,
by the Auditor, and to be accounted for
in the settlement of their accounts.

In case the Postmaster-General, or any
other person whose accounts have been
settled by the Sixth Auditor, is dissatis-
fied with the settlement made, he may,
within twelve months, appeal to the
First Comptroller, whose decision shall
be conclusive.

The Sixth Auditor superintends the
collection of all debts due the Post-Office
Department, and all penalties and for-
feitures imposed for any violation of the
postal laws, and takes all such other
measures as may be authorized by law to
enforce the payment of such debts and the
recovery of such penalties and forfeitures.

He must keep the accounts of the
money-order business separately, and in
such manner as to show the number and
amount of money-orders issued at each
office, the number and amount paid, the
amount of fees received, and all the ex-
penses of the money-order business.

He must state and certify quarterly to
the Postmaster-General an account of the
money paid by postmasters out of the
receipts of their offices for the expenses
of the postal service.

He may, with the written consent of the
Postmaster-General, compromise* judg-
ments for debts or damages due the
Post-Office Department, whenever it ap-
pears that the amount unpaid cannot be
collected by due process of law, and a<>-
cept in satisfaction less than the full
amount thereof.

In case of delinquency of any post-
master, contractor, or other officer, agent,
or employ^ of the Post-Office Department,
in which suit is brought, it is his duty
to forward to the Department of Justice
certified copies of all papers in his office
tending to sustain the claim. He may
administer oaths to witnesses in any case
when it is necessary for the due exami-
nation of the accounts with which he is
charged. Oaths in relation to the exami-
nation and settlement of the accounts
committed to his charge may be admin-
istered by the mayor of any city, justice
of the peace, or judge of any court of
record in the United States.

118

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The Sixth Auditor is entitled to receive
from the Postmaster-General, within sixty
days after the making of any contract
for carrying the mail, a duplicate copy
thereof.

He must certify all orders and regula-
tions of the Postmaster-General which
may originate a claim, or in any manner
affect the accounts of the postal service.

Upon the certified quarterly statement
by the Sixth Auditor of the payments by
-postmasters on account of the postal ser-
vice, the Postmaster-General issues his
warrant to the Treasurer of the United
States to carry the amount to the credit
of the postal revenues, and to the debit
of the proper appropriations upon the
books of the Auditor.

Copies of postmasters' returns and of
any papers pertaining to the accounts in
the Sixth Auditor's Office, and transcripts
from the money-order account books of
the Post-Office Department, when certi-
fied by him under the seal of his office,
are admitted as evidence in the courts of
the United States.

Payments of money out of the Treas-
ury on account of the postal service must
be in pursuance of appropriations made
by law, by warrants of the Postmaster-
General, registered and countersigned by
the Sixth Auditor.

The accounts of the postal service must
be kept in such manner as to exhibit sep-
arately the amount of revenue derived
from the following sources respectively :

Letter postage ;' book, newspaper, and
pamphlet postage ; registered letters ;
box rents and branch offices ; postage-
stamps and envelopes: dead letters; fines
and penalties ; money-order business ;
miscellaneous.

And to exhibit, separately, the amount
of expenditure made for each of the fol-
lowing objects :

Transportation of the mail ; compen-
sation of postmasters; compensation of
letter-carriers ; of clerks for post-offices :
of blank agents and assistants ; mail
depredations and special agents ; postage-
stamps and envelopes; ship, steamboat,
and way letters ; dead letters ; mail-bags ;
mail-locks and keys ; post-marking and
cancelling stamps ; wrapping-paper ;
twine; letter-balances; office furniture;
advertising ; balances to foreign coun-
tries; rent, light, and fuel for post-offices :
stationery ; miscellaneous.

The Postmaster-General must certify
to the Sixth Auditor the establishment of
any new, and the discontinuance of any
old, post-office. All appointments and

removals must be reported to him. On
the death, removal, or resignation of a
postmaster his bond must be delivered to
the Sixth Auditor. All orders of the
Postmaster-General assigning or chang-
ing the salaries of postmasters must be
notified to the Auditor. Vouchers for
all deductions made by a postmaster out
of the receipts of his office, for expenses
of the postal service, must be submitted
for examination and settlement to the
Sixth Auditor.

The Sixth Auditor's Bureau is now the
largest in the Treasury Department, and
the amount of business transacted by it
is immense. During the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1879, the number of quar-
terly accounts received from postmasters
was 160,441 ; stamp accounts settled,
158,552, involving the sum of $29,362,-
900.94. The money-order business for the
same year amounted to $90,494,995.97.

For convenience and the despatch of
business the office is organized with the
following divisions, the names of which
will sufficiently indicate the business
with which each is charged respectively :
Examining, Registering, Book-keeping,
Stating, Collecting, Pay, Money-Order,
and Foreign Mail.

FORCE OP SIXTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Sixth Auditor $3600

Deputy Auditor 2250

8 chiefs of division 2000

1 disbursing clerk 2000

12 clerks, each 1800

58 " " 1600

69 " " 1400

45 " rt 1200

5 " " 1000

20 assorters of money-orders, each 1000

1 skilled laborer 1000

18 female assorters of money orders, each 900
1 assistant messenger 720

19 laborers, each 660

10 charwomen, or cleaners, each 180

TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES.

The Office of Treasurer of the United
States was established by the act of Con-
gress of September 2, 1789.

DUTIES OF THE TREASURER.
RECEIPT OF MONEYS.

The Treasurer of the United States is
charged with the receipt of all moneys
received from customs dues, internal
revenue, sales of land, and miscellaneous
sources.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

119

The Treasurer and Assistant Treas-
urers receive money due from any and
all sources.

The National banks designated as de-
positories of the United States receive
money from all sources, except for cus-
toms dues.

Upon the receipt of money by any of
the above-named officers or banks, a cer-
tificate of deposit is issued by the receiver
in favor of the depositor for the amount,
generally in duplicate, the duplicate
being retained by depositors, the origi-
nal of which is forwarded to the Secretary
of the Treasury, who issues a warrant
covering the same into the Treasury,
when the amounts become available for
payments, as appropriated by Congress.

Payment! of money are made by the
Treasurer of the United States upon war-
rants issued by the Secretary of the
Treasury, countersigned by the First
Comptroller, and registered by the Regis-
ter of the Treasury.

When the warrant is received by the
Treasurer, he issues a draft for the
amount, in accordance with the terms of
the warrant, payable at one of the Sub-
Treasury offices, or a depository bank,
out of moneys standing to his credit,
which draft is forwarded to the address
given in the Secretary's warrant.

The Treasurer is also the fiscal agent
of the United States for paying the in-
terest on the public debt, which is paid
by him out of any moneys in his hands.
An accurate account of these payments is
kept, and the Treasurer is reimbursed at
the end of each month by a warrant in
his favor issued by the Secretary of the
Treasury.

The Treasurer is also the financial
agent of the United States for the issue
of and redemption of United States notes,
and receives such notes from the Bureau
of Engraving and Printing, and issues
them from time to time, as other United
States notes of like amounts are redeemed
and destroyed.

He is agent for the redemption of the
circulating notes of National banks, and
these banks are required to deposit with
the Treasurer in United States notes
five per centum of the amount of their
circulating notes, from which deposit the
parties forwarding bank-notes for redemp-
tion are reimbursed, and the banks noti-
fied to make their redemption fund good
for the amount so redeemed.

National banks are required to deposit
with the Treasurer, to secure their circu-
lation, United States bonds assigned to

him in trust, which bonds are delivered
to the bank only upon the deposit of a
sufficient sum in United States notes to
redeem their outstanding circulation, or
upon the deposit of other United States
bonds.

When a National bank is designated
as a depository of the United States, it is
required to deposit United States bonds
with the Treasurer of the United States
to secure the public moneys received by
it, such money being transferred from
time to time to a Sub-Treasury office, so
as to keep the public moneys in the bank
at all times within the amount of bonds
deposited as security therefor.

The Treasurer assesses and collects
from National banks the semi-annual
duty of one-half of one per centum on
the average amount of their circulating
notes, imposed by and under the provis-
ions of Section 5214, Revised Statutes of
the United States.

The Treasurer is the custodian of all
bonds pertaining to the Indian Trust
Funds, collects the interest on the same,
or pays the same and the amount as di-
rected by the Secretary of the Interior.
He is also custodian of the Pacific Rail-
way Sinking Fund, under the direction
of the Secretary of the Treasury.

He also pays the salaries and mileage
of the members of the House of Repre-
sentatives upon the certificate of the
Speaker, for which he is reimbursed by
warrant of the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, payable from the appropriation there-
for.

The Treasurer renders his accounts to
the First Comptroller quarterly, and
transmits a copy thereof, when settled, to
the Secretary of the Treasury. He must
at all times submit to the Secretary of
the Treasury and the First Comptroller,
or either of them, the inspection of the
moneys in his hands. He must, on the
third day of every session of Congress,
lay before the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives fair and accurate copies of
all accounts by him from time to time
rendered to and settled with the Comp-
troller, and also a true and perfect ac-
count of the state of the Treasury. He
is required at all times to submit to the
Secretary of the Treasury and the First
Comptroller, or either of them, the in-
spection of the moneys in his hands.

Revenues arising in the Post-Office De-
partment and debts due to the same are
paid under the direction of the Post-
master-General into the Treasury of the
United States, and the a<

120

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

appropriated by law for the service of the
Post-Office Department in each year, and
all payments of the receipts of the Post-
Office Department into the Treasury are
placed to the credit of the said appropri-
ation. The Treasurer of the United
States gives receipts for all moneys re-
ceived by him to the credit of the appro-
priation for the service of the Post-Office
Department, which receipts are endorsed
upon warrants drawn by the Postmaster-
General.

The appropriations for the service of
the Post-Office Department are disbursed
by the Treasurer upon the warrants of
the Postmaster-General, registered and
countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and
expressing upon their face the appropria-
tion to which they should be charged.

The Treasurer is charged by the Secre-
tary of the Treasury with the public
moneys actually placed to his credit in
authorized depositories, or constructively
deposited on account of the general
Treasury, in the same manner as if they
were deposited for safe-keeping in his
own hands ; the Treasurer having ac-
knowledged the same by his receipt
endorsed on the Secretary's warrant
covering the same into the Treasury ;
and in like manner he is charged by
the Postmaster-General with the public
moneys actually placed to his credit in
authorized depositories, or by fiction so
assumed to be deposited on account of
the Post-Office Department, the Treasurer
having acknowledged the same by his re-
ceipt endorsed on the Postmaster-Gen-
eral's warrant covering the same into the
Treasury.

He makes disbursements under the pay-
warrants of the Postmaster-General, duly
countersigned by the Auditor for that
Department, and recorded by the same
officer, and directed to him pursuant to
appropriations by law. The Treasurer,
under provisions of law for issuing Treas-
ury notes, signs the notes transmitted to
him in blank by the Secretary of the
Treasury, under whose directions they are
engraved and printed, which, after they
have been countersigned and registered,
and returned to the Treasurer, and
charged to him as money deposited in his
hands, he issues or pays out in satisfac-
tion of public dues under the pay-war-
rants of the Secretary of the Treasury, in
the same manner as other money. In
discharge of his appropriate duties, and
in pursuance of requirements of Congress,
or the Secretary of the Treasury and the
Postmaster-General, the Treasurer re-

ceives returns of receipts and deposits
made to his credit by collectors, receivers,
postmasters, etc., and renders a large
number of accounts and reports.

The law provides that there shall be
in the Treasury Department an Assistant
Treasurer of the United States; and the
Treasurer may, in his discretion, with
the consent of the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, authorize the Assistant Treasurer to
act in the place and discharge any or all
of the duties of Treasurer.

At the end of each fiscal year all
moneys represented by certificates, drafts,
or checks issued by the Treasurer, or by
any disbursing officer of the Government,
upon the Treasurer or an Assistant Treas-
urer, or Depositary of the United States,
and which is represented on the books
of either of such offices as to the credit
of any disbursing officer, and which were
issued to facilitate the payment of war-
rants, or for any other purpose in liqui-
dation of a debt due from the United
States, and which has for three years or
more remained unpaid, shall be deposited
by the Treasurer, to be covered into the
Treasury by warrant, to be carried to
the credit of the parties in whose favor
they were issued, or to the persons en-
titled to receive pay therefor, and into
an appropriation account denominated
"outstanding liabilities;" and all such
moneys remain as a permanent appro-
priation for the payment of all such un-
paid certificates, drafts, and checks.

It is the duty of the Treasurer, each
Assistant Treasurer, and each designated
Depositary, and the cashier of each of
the National banks designated as deposi-
tories, at the close of business on every
30th day of June, to report to the Sec-
retary of the Treasury the condition of
every account standing on the books of
their respective offices.

All money paid to any Collector of
Customs for unascertained duties, or
duties paid under protest against the
rate or amount of duties charged, must
be placed to the credit of the Treasurer
of the United States, and not held by the
Collector to await any ascertainment of
duties, or the result of any litigation as
to the amount of duty legally chargeable.

The gross amount of all taxes and
revenue received under the laws imposing
internal revenue must be paid daily into
the Treasury of the United States by
the officers collecting the same, under
the instructions of the Secretary of the
Treasury, without abatement of any
kind ; and a certificate of such payment

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

121

or deposit, stating the name of the de-
positor, and the specific account on which
the deposit was made, signed by the
Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, desig-
nated Depositary, or proper officer of a
deposit bank, must be transmitted to the
Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

All public moneys paid into any deposi-
tory are subject to the draft of the Treas-
urer of the United States, drawn agree-
ably to appropriations made by law.
Also all moneys paid into the Treasury
of the United States.

The Treasurer of the United States,
all Assistant Treasurers, all Collectors of
Customs, and Surveyors of Customs act-
ing as Collectors, all Receivers of public
moneys at the land offices, all Postmas-
ters, and all public officers, are required
to keep safely, under penalty of being
deemed guilty of embezzlement, with
imprisonment of not less than six months,
nor more than ten years, and a fine equal
to the amount embezzled, without loan-
ing, using, depositing in banks, or ex-
changing for other funds than as specially
allowed by law, all the public money col-
lected by them, or placed in their posses-
sion or custody, until the same is ordered
by the proper Department or officer of the
Government to be transferred or paid out.

The Treasurer, Assistant Treasurers,
and designated Depositaries of the United
States are directed to pay duplicate
checks, issued by disbursing officers and
agents in lieu of original checks lost,
stolen, or destroyed, which such disburs-
ing officers are authorized to issue, no
check to exceed the sum of $1000. After
the expiration of six months, and within
three years from date of such checks,
upon notice and proof of the loss of the
original checks under regulations, and
upon the execution of such bonds with
sureties to indemnify the United States,
as the Secretary of the Treasury shall
prescribe.

The law confers upon the Treasurer
the powers and duties of Commissioner
of the Sinking Fund of the District of
Columbia.

WHAT CONSTITUTES THE TREASURY
OF THE UNITED STATES.

The law defines the Treasury of the
United States to be the rooms in the
Treasury building at the seat of Govern-
ment, provided for the use of the Treas-
urer of the United States, his assistants,
and clerks, and occupied by them, and
the fire-proof vaults and safes erected

therein, for the keeping of the public
moneys in the possession and under the
immediate control of the Treasurer, and
such other apartments as are provided
as places of deposit of the public money,

FORCE OF THE TREASURER'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Treasurer of the United States $6000

Assistant Treasurer 3600

Cashier 3600

Assistant cashier 3200

Chief clerk 2500

5 chiefs of division, each 2500

1 principal book-keeper 2500

1 assistant " 2400

2 tellers, each 2500

2 assistant tellers, each 2250

26 clerks, each 1800

17 " 1600

15 " 1400

23 " 1200

5 " 1000

80 " 900

6 messengers, each 840

6 assistant messengers, each 720

26 laborers, each 660

7 " " 240

NATIONAL BANK REDEMPTION AGENCY,
TREASURER'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Superintendent $3500

Principal teller 2500

Principal book-keeper 2500

1 assistant " 2400

1 " teller 2000

2 clerks, each 1800

3 " " 1600

4 " " 1400

20 " " 1200

10 " " 1000

10 " " 900

1 messenger 840

4 assistant messengers, each 720

1 employe 432

INDEPENDENT TREASURY SERVICE.

BALTIMORE, MD.

Per Annum.
Assistant Treasurer $45 in)

1 cashier 2500

3 clerks, each 1800

2 " " 1400

2 " " ];>()

1 messenger 840

3 watchmen, each 720

BOSTON, MASS.

Per Annu'u

Assistant Treasurer $4500

Chief clerk 2500

Paying teller 2500

Chief interest clerk 2500

Assistant paying teller 2000

2 clerks, each 1800

1 clerk 1700

2 clerks, each 1500

3 " " 1400

122

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.
2 clerks, each $1200

1 clerk 1100

2 clerks, each 1000

1 clerk 800

1 watchman and messenger 1060

2 watchmen, each 850

CHICAGO, ILL.

Per Annum.

Assistant Treasurer $4500

Cashier 2500

Paying teller 1800

Book-keeper 1500

Receiving teller 1500

2 clerks, each 1200

1 messenger 840

1 watchman 720

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

j?er Annum.

Assistant Treasurer $4500

Cashier 2000

Book-keeper 1800

Assistant cashier 1500

2 clerks, each 1200

1 clerk 1000

1 watchman 720

1 messenger 600

2 watchmen, each 120

NEW ORLEANS, LA.

Per Annum.

Assistant Treasurer $4000

Cashier 2250

Receiving teller 2000

Book-keeper 1500

1 clerk 1000

1 porter 900

2 watchmen, each 720

NEW YORK CITY.

Assistant Treasurer

Deputy assistant treasurer

Cashier and chief clerk

Chief of coin division

" " note-paying division....

" " " receiving division.
" check division....

Per Annum.

$8000

3600

4000

3600

3000

2800

.. 2800

registered interest division 2600

coupon " " 2400

minor coin division , 2400

bond interest division 2250

cancelled check division 2000

2 clerks, each 2250

2100

2000

1800

1700

1600

1500

1400

1200

6 messengers, 5, each, $1300; 1 1200

3 hallmen, each 1000

1 chief detective 1800

2 assistant detectives, each ... 1400

2 porters, each 900

1 keeper of the building 1800

6 watchmen, each 720

1 engineer 1000

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Per Annum,

Assistant Treasurer $4500

Cashier and chief clerk 2500

Assistant cashier 1400

Book-keeper 2500

2 chief interest clerks, each 1900

Assistant book-keeper 1800

Coin teller 1700

2 clerks, each 1600

1 clerk 1500

1 " 1400

1 " 1300

1 " 1200

1 superintendent of building 1100

4 female counters, each 900

5 watchmen, each 720

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

Per Annum.

Assistant Treasurer $5500

Cashier 3000

Book-keeper 2500

Stamp clerk 2400

Assistant cashier 2000

" book-keeper 2000

1 clerk 1800

4 watchmen, each 720

SAINT Louis, Mo.

Per Annnm.

Assistant Treasurer $4500

Chief clerk and teller 2500

Assistant teller 1800

Book-keeper 1500

Assistant book-keeper 1200

1 messenger 1000

4 watchmen, each... 720

UNITED STATES DEPOSITORY.

TUCSON, ARIZONA.

Per Annum.
Depositary $1500

The Office of Register of the Treasury
was established by the act of September
2, 1789.

DUTIES.

It is the duty of the Register to keep
all accounts of the receipts and expendi-
tures of the public money, and of all
debts due to or from the United States.

The books kept in this office show
every receipt and disbursement of the
Government. The Register receives from
the First Comptroller of the Treasury
and Commissioner of Customs the ac-
counts finally adjusted, and must preserve
them with their vouchers and certificates.

He must record all warrants for the
receipt or payment of moneys at the
Treasury, and certify the same thereon,
except those drawn by the Postmaster-
General, and those drawn by the Secre-

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

123

tary of the Treasury upon requisitions
of the Secretaries of the War and the
Navy Departments.

He must transmit to the Secretary of
the Treasury copies of the certificates of
balances of accounts adjusted, and he
transmits to individuals statements of
balances due them after settlement by the
First Comptroller, on which statements
payment is made.

He must furnish to the proper account-
ing officers copies of all warrants covering
into the United States Treasury proceeds
of Government property, where the same
may be necessary in the settlement of
accounts in their respective offices.

He must charge on the appropriation
books in his office all warrants drawn by
the. Secretary of the Treasury upon the
Treasurer of the United States, and
specify the particular appropriation to
which such warrants are chargeable.

He issues through the Collectors of
Customs at the different ports, ships'
registers, licenses, and enrolments, and
they must be attested under the seal of
the Treasury Department and the hand
of the Register, and a copy of each cer-
tificate issued by the Collectors must be
transmitted to the Register, who must
cause a record to be kept in his office of
all such certificates.

Whenever a change is made in the
registry of a vessel, the Collector of Cus-
toms to whom application is made for a
new certificate must transmit the old
certificate to the Register of the Treasury,
who must cause the same to be cancelled.

Whenever a change of the master of
any registered vessel is made, a memo-
randum of such change must be trans-
mitted by the Collector to the Register.

Every certificate of registry which is
delivered up to a Collector on the loss,
destruction, or capture of a vessel, or the
transfer thereof to a foreigner, must be
forthwith forwarded to the Register to
be cancelled, who, if the same has been
delivered up to a Collector other than of
the district in which it was granted, shall
cause notice of such delivery to be given
to the Collector of such district.

The Register must prepare annual
returns of all vessels built, lost, or de-
stroyed, and statements of the tonnage
of vessels in which importations and
exportations are made, with the articles
and their values.

All United States bonds are signed and
issued by the Register of the Treasury,
upon authority received from the Secre-
tary.

All registered bonds for transfer are
sent directly to the Register, who issues
new bonds in accordance with the assign-
ments.

The schedules of interest on registered
bonds, as it falls due, are prepared by the
Register and transmitted to the Treasurer
for payment.

The Register of the Treasury makes
the record of the redemption of all
United States bonds, and coupons on the
same, which have been paid as they fell
due.

He signs all Treasury notes and other
securities.

The Assistant Register performs such
duties as may be devolved upon him by
the Register, and in the absence of the
Register acts in his stead ; and any official
record, certificate, or other document,
excepting warrants, bonds, and drafts,
signed by the Assistant Register, has the
same effect as if signed by the Register.

This office comprises five divisions,
namely: Coupon and Note, Fractional
Currency, Loan, Receipts and Expen-
ditures, and Tonnage.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OP REGISTER OP THE
TREASURY.

Per Annum.

Assistant Register 2250

5 chiefs of divisions, each 2000

1 disbursing clerk 2000

17 clerks, each 1800

1 messenger

1600

1400

1200

1000

900

840

5 assistant messengers, each 720

7 laborers, each 660

COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL
REVENUE.

The Internal Revenue Bureau was
established by the act of Congress of
July 1, 1862.

DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIONER.

Under the direction of the Secretary
of the Treasury the Commissioner has
general superintendence of the assess-
ment and collection of all duties and
taxes imposed by any law providing in-
ternal revenue. He prepares and dis-
tributes all instructions, regulations,
directions, forms, blanks, stamps, and
other matters pertaining to the assess-

124

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

merit and collection of internal revenue ;
provides hydrometers, and proper adhe-
sive stamps, and stamps and dies for
expressing and denoting the several
stamp and percentage duties.

Under regulations established by the
Secretary of the Treasury, after due
public notice, the Commissioner receives
bids and makes contracts for supplying
stationery, blank-books, and blanks to
the Collectors of Internal Revenue.

He may withhold the amount of salary
or commissions due a collector until all
reports required by law or regulation
have been received. He may prescribe
the notice to be given by collectors to
deputy collectors when revoking their
appointments. He may prescribe the
form of oath to be taken by inspectors of
tobacco and cigars. He is authorized to
prescribe the amount of fees to be paid
to gaugers, to be determined by the
quantity gauged.

He may, whenever in his judgment
the necessities of the service require,
employ not exceeding 35 agents, to be
paid such compensation as he may deem
proper, not to exceed the appropriation
made therefor, and he may assign them
under the direction of any officer of in-
ternal revenue, or to any other special
duty.

These agents are assigned as follows :
one in charge of the Division of Internal
Revenue Agents in the Bureau of Inter-
nal Revenue. The remaining 34 are dis-
tributed over the country, wherever dis-
tilleries, breweries, or manufactories of
tobacco are established.

DUTIES OF INTERNAL REVENUE
AGENTS.

Their duties consist in watching distil-
leries and breweries, visiting them at
short intervals without notice, inspecting
the conduct of gaugers and store-keepers
to see that they discharge their duties,
and in searching for illicit distilleries
and bringing to justice violators of the
laws in the various departments relating
to internal revenue, also in examining
the offices of Collectors of Internal Rev-
enue when required to do so by the Com-
missioner. They must be on the alert at
railroad stations and at steamboat land-
ings, to see to the receipts and shipments
of distilled spirits, and to compare them
with the records kept by distillers and
liquor-dealers.

This corps is very efficient and useful

in aiding in the enforcement of the laws,
and in promoting discipline and account-
ability on the part of all officers of the
revenue.

The force of Internal Revenue Agents
is classed as follows:

Per Diem.

lat $12

21 at 8

7 " 7

The Commissioner may transfer any
inspector, gauger, storekeeper, or store-
keeper and gauger from one distillery or
other place of duty or from one collection
district to another.

The Commissioner has power to deter-
mine the number of Internal Revenue
storekeepers to be appointed. One of
these storekeepers he must assign to
every bonded or distillery warehouse,
and he may transfer storekeepers from
one warehouse to another ; he may au-
thorize any officer of Internal Revenue
to seize any property which may by law
be subject to seizure, and to prescribe the
regulations for the sale by collectors of
property advertised for sale under dis-
traint.

He is required to make inquiries,
determinations, and assessments of all
taxes and penalties imposed by law,
where such taxes have not been duly
paid by stamp at the time and in the
manner provided by law, and to certify
a list of such assessments when made to
the proper collectors for collection.

He is authorized to determine by regu-
lation the fees and charges to be allowed
in all cases of distraint and other seizures,
and to determine whether any expense
incurred in making any distraint or
seizure was necessary.

He has charge of all real estate as-
signed, set off, or conveyed, by purchase
or otherwise, to the United States, in
payment of debts arising under the In-
ternal Revenue laws, and of all trusts
created for the use of the United States
in payment of such debts, and may, with
the approval of the Secretary, upon not
less than twenty days' notice, sell and
dispose of such lands for the payment of
such debts.

When any such debts shall have been
paid, with interest, the Commissioner, with
the approval of the Secretary, may release
and convey such real estate to the debtor
from whom it was taken, or to his heirs
or legal representatives.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

125

It is his duty, with the approval of the
Secretary, to establish such regulations
as may be necessary for the observance
of revenue officers, district attorneys, and
marshals respecting suits, and such as
will fix the just responsibility of those offi-
cers and the prompt collection of all
revenues and debts due and accruing to
the United States under the Internal
Revenue laws.

He is authorized, subject to the regu-
lations prescribed by the Secretary of the
Treasury, on appeal made to him, to
refund all taxes erroneously or illegally
assessed or collected, all penalties col-
lected without authority, and all taxes that
appear to be unjustly assessed or excessive
in amount, or in any manner wrongfully
collected.

He may prescribe, for use in the pre-
vention and detection of frauds by distil-
lers of spirits, such hydrometers, sac-
charometers, weighing and gauging
instruments as may be necessary.

He prescribes the form of bond to be
given by distillers. He provides locks
and seals for tubs, stills, cisterns, etc.,
and may require them put on when he
deems it necessary. Warehouses must
be approved by him.

The Commissioner may require the
transfer of goods from a warehouse when,
in his opinion, the warehouse in which
they are stored is unsafe.

He may, under regulations prescribed
by him, with the approval of the Secre-
tary of the Treasury, issue tax-paid
stamps for restamping distilled spirits
upon which tax has been paid, but from
which the stamps have been lost or de-
stroyed by unavoidable accident.

He may prescribe such regulations for
the inspection of cigars, cheroots, and
cigarettes, and the collection of the tax
thereon, as he may deem most effective
for the prevention of frauds in the pay-
ment of such tax. These taxes are paid
by stamps.

He may prescribe the form of the re-
turns of the monthly amount of circula-
tion, of deposits, of notes, and of capital,
to be made by every National banking
association, State bank, or banker, or
association, on which a tax of ten per
centum is levied. In default of such
returns, the Commissioner is authorized
to estimate the amount of such circulation,
deposit, capital, and notes, upon the best
information he can obtain.

Whenever the mode or time of assess-
ing or collecting any tax which is imposed
is not provided for, the Commissioner of

Internal Revenue may establish the same
by regulation.

He is authorized, with the approval of
the Secretary of the Treasury, to pay
such sums, not exceeding in the aggre-
gate the sum appropriated therefor, as
he may deem necessary for detecting and
bringing to trial and punishment persons
guilty of violating the Internal Revenue
laws, or conniving at the same, in cases
where such expenses are not otherwise
provided for by law.

He must estimate in detail, by collec-
tion districts, the expense of assessing
and the expense of the collection of in-
ternal revenue, and submit the same to
Cpngress at the commencement of each
session.

SOLICITOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE.

The Solicitor of Internal Revenue has
an office in the Bureau of Internal Reve-
nue. This officer is the legal adviser of
the Commissioner, and he gives opinions
and his reasons therefor to the Commis-
sioner on matters of law connected with
compromise cases, and such opinions
must be filed in the Commissioner's
Office.

The Bureau of Internal Revenue com-
prises the following divisions : Chief
Clerk's Office and Appointment Division,
Law, Tobacco, Accounts, Stamps, Assess-
ments, Distilled Spirits, and Revenue
Agents.

The total cost of collecting the internal
revenue for the fiscal year ended June
30, 1879, was $4,205,632.18. Total re-
ceipts for the same year were $113,449,-
621.38. The per cent, of cost of collec-
tion to receipts was 3^j.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER
OF INTERNAL REVENUE.

Per Annum.

Commissioner of Internal Revenue $6000

Deputy Commissioner 3200

2 chiefs of division, each 2500

5 " " 2250

1 stenographer 1800

23 clerks, each.

4 assistant messengers, each.

10 laborers, each

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
900
720
660

Employe's paid from the appropriation
r punishing persons
the Internal Revenue

for punishing persons guilty of violating
laws :

126

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

1 clerk per month $100

2 clerks, each " annum 900

1 assistant messenger " " 720

Employes paid from appropriation
" For dies, paper, and stamps :"

Per Annum.

1 clerk $1800

1 1400

21 clerks, each 900

4 employes, each 720

On duty in New York :

Per Annum.
1 clerk $2100

3 clerks, each 1600

1 clerk...' 900

1 employg 720

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

DUTIES OF COLLECTORS.

It is the duty of Collectors or their
deputies in their respective districts, and
they are authorized, to collect all the
taxes imposed by law, however the same
may be designated ; and every Collector
and Deputy Collector must give receipts
for all sums collected by him.

Where it is not otherwise provided, the
Collector must, in person or by deputy,
within ten days after receiving any list
of taxes from the Commissioner of In-
ternal Revenue, give notice to each per-
son liable to pay any taxes stated therein,
to be left at his dwelling or usual place
of business, or to be sent by mail, stating
the amount of such taxes and demanding
payment thereof. If such person does not
pay the taxes within ten days after the serv-
ice or the sending by mail of such notice, it
shall be the duty of the Collector or his
deputy to collect the said taxes, with a
penalty of five per centum additional upon
the amount of taxes, and interest at the
rate of one per centum per month. -

Any Collector or Deputy Collector may,
for the collection of taxes imposed upon
any person, and committed to him for col-
lection, proceed to collect the same by dis-
traint and sale of the goods, chattels, and
effects of the person delinquent; and when
the goods, chattels, and effects are insuf-
ficient to satisfy the taxes, he may collect
the same by seizure and sale of real estate.
Certain goods and effects are specially ex-
empted : see Section 3187 Revised Statutes.

Collectors may appoint deputies, for
whom they are responsible for their acts
and compensation.

In case of the sickness or absence of a
Collector, or in case of his temporary
disability to discharge his duties, they

shall devolve upon his senior deputy,
unless he shall have devolved them upon
another of his deputies ; and for the of-
ficial acts or defaults of such deputies
the Collector and his sureties shall be held
responsible to the United States.

In case of a vacancy occurring in the
office of Collector, the deputies of such Col-
lector shall continue to act until his succes-
sor is appointed, the deputy of such Collec-
tor senior in service shall discharge all the
duties of Collector, and also the duties of
disbursing agent ; and of two or more dep-
uties appointed on the same day, the one
residing nearest the residence of the Col-
lector when the vacancy occurred shall dis-
charge the said duties until another Collec-
tor is appointed. When it appears to the
Secretary of the Treasury that the interest
of the Government so requires, he may, by
his order, direct the said duties to be per-
formed by such other one of the said dep-
uties as he may designate. For the official
acts and defaults of the deputy upon whom
said duties are devolved, remedy shall be
had on the official bond of the Collector, as
in other cases ; and for the official acts and
defaults of such deputy as acting disburs-
ing agent, remedy shall be had on the of-
ficial bond of the Collector as disbursing
agent. And any bond or security taken
from a deputy by a Collector, pursuant to
Section 12 of "An act to amend existing
customs and Internal Revenue laws and
for other purposes," approved February
8, 1875, shall be available to his legal rep-
resentatives and sureties to indemnify
them for loss or damage accruing from
any act or omission of duty by the deputy
so continuing or succeeding to the duties
of such Collector.

The Deputy Collector, while discharging
the duties of Collector during the pen-
dency of a vacancy, shall be entitled to
the salary and commissions or allowances
of the Collector. Collectors supervise the
duties of gaugers and of storekeepers,
and they are required to report viola-
tions of the Internal Revenue laws to the
district attorneys. Every Collector, Dep-
uty Collector, and inspector may admin-
ister oaths and take evidence touching
the administration of the revenue laws.

Every Collector shall, from time to time,
cause his deputies to proceed through
every part of his district and inquire
after and concerning all persons therein
who are liable to pay a special tax, and
all persons owning or having the care
and management of any objects liable to
pay any tax, and to make a list of such
persons and enumerate said objects.

TREA SURY DEPARTMENT.

127

Every Collector, or Deputy Collector
may enter the premises of any person and
make returns, when such person refuses
or neglects to render returns, or who ren-
ders a false or fraudulent return, and
they (also inspectors) may enter any
premises where articles subject to tax are
kept, for the purpose of examining them.

Collectors must pay all taxes collected
into the Treasury of the United States
daily, without abatement, but the Secre-
tary of the Treasury may, in districts
remote from a Government depository,
extend the time of payment not exceed-
ing one month.

Every Collector within his collection dis-
trict, and every Internal Revenue agent,
must see that all laws and regulations
relating to the collection of internal taxes
are faithfully executed and complied with,
and must aid in the prevention, detection,
and punishment of any frauds in relation
thereto. And it is the duty of every Col-
lector and of every Internal Revenue
agent to report to the Commissioner in
writing any neglect of duty, incompe-
tency, delinquency, or malfeasance in
office of any Internal Revenue officer or
agent of which he may obtain knowledge,
with a statement of all the facts in each
case, and any evidence sustaining the
same.

It shall be the duty of Collectors of In-
ternal Revenue to act as disbursing agents
of the Treasury for the payment of all
expenses of collection of taxes and other
expenditures for the Internal Revenue
Service within their respective districts,
under regulations and instructions from
the Secretary of the Treasury, on giving
good and sufficient bond, with such sure-
ties, in such form, and in such penal sum
as shall be prescribed by the First Comp-
troller of the Treasury, and approved by
the Secretary of the Treasury, for the
faithful performance of their duties as
such disbursing agents, but no additional
compensation shall be paid to Collectors
for such services.

Every Collector shall, at the expiration
of each month after he commences his
collections, transmit to the Commissioner
of Internal Revenue a statement of the
collections made by him within the
month. It is the duty of Collectors, in
their respective districts, to prosecute for
the recovery of any sums which may be
forfeited by law; but no suit for the re-
covery of taxes, or of any fine, penalty,
or forfeiture, shall be commenced unless
the Commissioner of Internal Revenue
authorizes or sanctions the proceedings.

Following is a schedule comprising
the Collectors, Deputy Collectors, clerks,
gangers, storekeepers, and inspectors em-
ployed in the several districts, with their
compensation.

Collectors are entitled to a fixed salary
of $1500 and certain commissions on col-
lections, out of which they must compen-
sate their deputies and clerks, and they
cannot receive, in the aggregate, compen-
sation exceeding $4500 per annum each.

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue
has prescribed the following fees for the
compensation of gaugers :

Per Diem.
For gauging 1600 gallons $5.00

50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800

1.60
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60
3.80
4.00

INTERNAL REVENUE COLLECTION
DISTRICTS.

FIRST DISTRICT OF ALABAMA (MOBILE).

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

1 deputy collector 1500

2 " collectors, each 1000

3 " " " 900

1 gauger fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OP ALABAMA (MONTGOMERY).

Per Anntim.

Collector $2500

1 clerk 1500

8 deputy collectors, each 1200

1 deputy collector 650

1 storekeeper, per diem 4

3 gaugers and storekeepers, each, per diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OP ARIZONA (PRESCOTT).

Per Annum.

$2125

collector 1000

" 500

1 400

1 gauger fees.

Collector.
1 deputy

ARKANSAS (LITTLE ROCK).

Per Annum.

Collector $2750

' 2 deputy collectors, each 1500

1 " collector 1300

6 " collectors, each 1200

16 storekeepers and gaugers, each, not to

exceed, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

128

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

FIRST DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA (SAN FRAN-
CISCO).

Per Annum.
Collector $4500

2 deputy collectors, each 2000

1 " collector 1900

1 " " 1700

1 " 1600

5 " collectors, each 1500

3 " " " 1200

2 " " " 900

1 clerk 600

1 " 1500

1 " 1200

4 deputy collectors, each

14 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

1 storekeeper and gauger, not to ex-

ceed, per diem 4

15 gaugers, each fees.

2 inspectors of tobacco, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA (SACRA-
MENTO).

Per Annum.
Collector $3250

1 deputy collector 1900

4 " collectors, each 1700

2 " " " 1600

1 " collector 1500

1 " " 1200

1 clerk 1500

1 deputy collector 1000

4 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

4 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF COLORADO (DENVER).

Per Annum.
Collector $2750

4 deputy collectors, each 1500

1 " collector 1250

1 clerk 1000

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, not to

exceed, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT (NORWICH).

Per Annum.

Collector $3250

3 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1200

1 " " 1000

1 clerk 600

3 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT (BRIDGE-
PORT).

Per Annum.
Collector $3125

2 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1300

1 " 1275

1 " " 1000

1 " " 725

1 clerk 1000

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, not to

exceed, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

DAKOTA (YANKTON).

Per A r:n Tim.

Collector $2250

1 deputy collector 1600

1 " " 1300

1 clerk 950

1 " 500

1 gauger fees.

DISTRICT OF DELAWARE (WILMINGTON).

Per Annum.

Collector $3625

4 deputy collectors, each 1400

3 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF FLORIDA (JACKSONVILLE).

Per Annum.
Collector $2875

2 deputy collectors, each 1500

4 " " 1400

1 storekeeper and gauger, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OF GEORGIA (ATLANTA).

Per Annum.
Collector $3000

1 deputy collector 1500

2 " collectors, each 1300

1 " collector 1200

1 clerk 1200

8 deputy collectors, each 110Q

3 " " " 900

19 gaugers and storekeepers, each, not to

exceed, per diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF GEORGIA (SAVANNAH).

Per Annum.
Collector $3000

2 deputy collectors, each 1500

5 " " 1400

1 " collector 1300

5 " collectors, each 1200

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF IDAHO (BOISE CITY).

Per Annum.

Collector $2125

1 deputy collector 1800

1 " " 1500

1 " " 1400

1 storekeeper and gauger, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OF INDIANA (EVANSVILLE).

Per Annum.

Collector $3000

1 deputy collector 1600

1 " " 1400

1 clerk 1400

1 deputy collector 1200

1 " " 1000

1 " " 100

1 " " 200

4 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

129

3 storekeepers and gangers, each, not to

exceed, per diem $4

4 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OF INDIANA (GREENSBURG).

Per Annum.
Collector.... $4500

1 deputy collector.
T

i
i
i
i

i
i

21 storekeepers, each, per diem.
13 gaugers, each

1700

1400

1250

700

650

500

300

240

600

fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OF INDIANA (INDIANAPOLIS).

Per Annum.

'.$3750

1800

900

300

Collector

2 deputy collectors, each

1 " collector

1 " "

3 storekeepers, each, per diem

3 and gaugers, each, per
diem 4

4 gaugers, each fees.

SEVENTH DISTRICT OF INDIANA (TERRE
HAUTE).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1700

1 " 1500

1 " 1200

2 " collectors, each 1100

6 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

6 gaugers, each fees.

TENTH DISTRICT OF INDIANA (WARSAW).

Per Annum.

Collector $2750

1 deputy collector 1400

1 1300

2 " collectors, each 1200

1 clerk 800

3 gaugers, each, per diem fees.

ELEVENTH DISTRICT OF INDIANA (ANDERSON).

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

2 deputy collectors, each 1200

1 clerk 900

1 " 300

1 storekeeper and gauger, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OF IOWA (DAVENPORT).

Per Annum.

Collector $2875

1 deputy collector 1300

1 clerk 1200

2 deputy collectors, each 600

3 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF IOWA (DUBUQUE).

Per Annum.

Collector $3125

1 deputy collector 1600

1 clerk 1000

4 deputy collectors, each 1000

1 " collector 800

1 storekeeper, per diem 4

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OF IOWA (BURLINGTON).

Per Annum.

Collector $3000

1 clerk 1100

4 deputy collectors, each 1000

1 clerk 900

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem ... 4

FIFTH DISTRICT OF IOWA (DBS MOINES).

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

4 deputy collectors, each 800

1 " collector 600

2 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS (CHICAGO).

Per Annum

Collector $450 J

1 deputy collector 200:)

1 " " 1800

5 " collectors, each 1600

2 " " " 1500

1 " collector 1200

3 clerks, each 1200

1 deputy collector 1000

1 " " 840

30 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

31 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS (AURORA).

Per Annum.
Collector $3125

1 deputy collector 1600

2 " collectors, each 1100

1 clerk 600

1 storekeeper and gauger, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS (STERLING).

Per Annum.

Collector $4375

1 deputy collector 1500

3 " collectors, each 900

1 " collector 500

4 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS (QtiiNcr).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1600

3 " collectors, each 1100

130

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.

1 clerk $1000

1 deputy collector 500

1 clerk 400

3 deputy collectors, each 300

1 " collector 250

4 " collectors, each 200

7 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

FIFTH DISTRICT OP ILLINOIS (PEORIA).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1700

4 " collectors, each 1500

37 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

24 gangers, each fees.

SEVENTH DISTRICT OP ILLINOIS (CHAMPAIGN).

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

2 deputy collectors, each 1000

1 storekeeper and gauger, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

EIGHTH DISTRICT OP ILLINOIS (SPRINGFIELD).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1800

3 " collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1200

1 " " 200

12 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

7 gaugers, each fees.

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OP ILLINOIS (CAIRO).

Per Annum.

Collector $3785

1 deputy collector 1500

1 " " 1400

3 " collectors, each 1200

1 " collector 1100

1 " " 1000

2 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OP KANSAS (LEAVENWORTH).

Per Annum.
Collector $2700

4 deputy collectors, each 1700

1 " collector 1300

1 " " 1000

1 storekeeper, per diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OP KENTUCKY (OWENSBORO').

Per Annum.

Collector $3750

1 deputy collector 1500

6 " collectors, each 1400

1 clerk 900

28 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

7 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

FIFTH DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY (LOUISVILLE).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1900

1 " " 1800

1 " " 1700

6 " collectors, each 1200

4 " " 1100

1 clerk 800

88 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

18 gaugers, each fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OP KENTUCKY (COVINGTON).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1900

1 " " 1800

2 " collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1300

2 " collectors, each 900

1 " collector 600

26 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

20 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

SEVENTH DISTRICT OP KENTUCKY (LEXINGTON).

Per Annum.
Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1900

2 " collectors, each 1500

2 " 1300

1 " collector 1200

I " " 600

55 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

II gaugers, each fees.

EIGHTH DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY (LANCASTER^.

Per Annum.
Collector $2875

1 deputy collector 1400

3 " collectors, each 1100

2 " " " 900

1 " collector 600

57 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

NINTH DISTRICT OP KENTUCKY (MAYSVILLE).

Per Annum.

Collector $2750

1 deputy collector 1400

1 " " 1000

3 " collectors, each 800

7 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

4 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OP LOUISIANA (NEW ORLEANS).

Per Annum.
Collector $3725

2 deputy collectors, each 1700

1 " collector 1600

6 " collectors, each 1500

4 " " " .. .. 1400

TREASURY DEPART.

Per Annum.

2 deputy collectors, each $1000

1 collector 400

8 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

10 gaugers, each fees.

2 inspectors of tobacco, each fees.

DISTRICT OP MAINE (PORTLAND).

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

1 deputy collector 1250

2 " collectors, each 1075

1 " collector 975

THIRD DISTRICT OF MARYLAND (BALTIMORE).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1700

13 " collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1300

2 " collectors, each 1200

1 clerk 1200

6 clerks, each 1100

1 deputy collector 1100

1 clerk 900

11 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

17 gaugers, each fees.

2 inspectors of tobacco, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OF MARYLAND (CUMBERLAND).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

1 deputy collector 1300

1 *< " 1100

1 " 1000

1 " " 900

9 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS (BOSTON).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

6 deputy collectors, each 1400

3 " 1100

1 " collector 1000

4 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

6 gaugers, each... fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

FIFTH DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS (NEWBURY-
PORT).

Per Annum.

Collector $4375

1 deputy collector 1400

collectors, each.

collector.

1350
1200
1050
800
700
575
200
4

7 storekeepers, each, per diem

4 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

TENTH DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS (NORTH
ADAMS).

Per Annum.

Collector $3250

1 deputy collector 1300

4 deputy

131

2 storekeepers, each,

3 gaugers, eac
1 inspector of

*w : Per Annum,

lectors, eacl^..;.....^^1000

.!...&. YOOO

> /ees.
iT.../fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN (DETROIT).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1900

1 " " 1600

3 " collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1000

1 clerk 1000

1 " 900

2 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

2 inspectors of tobacco, each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN (HILLSDALE).

Per Annum.

Collector $3125

2 deputy collectors, each 1100

1 clerk 1100

2 deputy collectors, each 1050

FOURTH DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN (GRAND
RAPIDS).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

2 deputy collectors, each 1200

1 clerk 800

1 gauger fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN (EAST SAGINAW).

Per Annum.
Collector $2625

2 deputy collectors, each 1000

2 " " " 900

1 " collector 800

FIRST DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA (ROCHESTER).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

1 deputy collector 1350

1 " " 950

2 " collectors, each 900

1 " collector 800

1 " " 750

1 gauger fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA (ST. PAUL).

Per Annum.
Collector $2750

2 deputy collectors, each 1260

1 " collector 1220

1 clerk 900

1 deputy collector 640

3 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI (JACKSON).

Per Annum.
Collector $2625

5 deputy collectors, each 1500

6 '< " " . .. 1400

132

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.

1 deputy collector $1300

1 storekeeper, per diem..... 4

1 gauger fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OP MISSOURI (ST. Louis).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 2000

1 " 1900

2 " collectors, each 1700

9 " " 1400

2 " " " 1200

12 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

20 gaugers, each fees.

1 inspector of tobacco fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OP MISSOURI (CAPE
GIRARDEAU).

Per Annum.
Collector $2375

3 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 clerk 1100

5 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OP MISSOURI (LOUISIANA).

Per Anmim.

Collector $3250

1 deputy collector 1500

3 " collectors, each 1300

1 " collector 900

6 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4
1 gauger fees.

FIFTH DISTRICT OP MISSOURI (CARTHAGE).

Per Annum.

Collector $3000

1 deputy collector 1500

1 " " 1400

1 " 1300

1 " " 1200

1 " " 1100

3 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4
3 gaugers, each fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OP MISSOURI (KANSAS CITY).

Per Annum.

Collector $2875

1 deputy collector 1400

1 clerk 1200

3 deputy collectors, each 1100

12 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OP MONTANA (HELENA).

Per Annum.
Collector $2125

4 deputy collectors, each 1600

1 storekeeper, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA (OMAHA).

Per Annum.

Collector $3875

1 deputy collector 1800

1 " " 1700

1 " " 1600

Per Annum.

1 deputy collector $1200

1 clerk 1000

4 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF NEVADA (VIRGINIA CITY).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

1 deputy collector 1800

1 " " 1700

1 " " 1500

gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE (DOVER).

Per Annum.

Collector $3000

1 deputy collector 1100

1 clerk 1000

1 deputy collector 850

3 " collectors, each 600

1 gauger fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OP NEW JERSEY (CAMDEN).

Per Annum.

Collector $3000

1 deputy collector 1500

1 " " 1100

2 " collectors, each 1000

1 " collector 900

3 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OP NEW JERSEY (SOMERVILLE).

Per Annum.
Collector $3250

1 deputy collector 1500

2 " collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 1000

1 " 900

1 " 800

1 " 300

1 " " 200

2 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

FIFTH DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY (NEWARK)

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1800

8 " collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1200

1 " 1000

1 " " 800

1 " " 700

3 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

DISTRICT OP NEW MEXICO (SANTA FE).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

1 deputy collector 1600

1 " 1400

1 " " 1100

2 gaugers, each fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OP NEW YORK (BROOKLYN).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 2000

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

133

Per Annum.

1 deputy collector $1800

2 deputy collectors, each 1700

2 " " " 1600

9 " " " 1400

1 " collector 1200

I " 1100

1 " " 800

8 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

8 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OP NEW YORK (NEW YORK).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 2000

1 " 1800

2 " collectors, each 1600

I clerk 1600

3 deputy collectors, each 1500

II " " " 1400

1 " collector 1250

6 " collectors, each 1200

1 clerk 1200

1 deputy collector 600

19 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco,

each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF NEW YORK (NEW YORK).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 2000

1 " " 1800

1 " " 1600

1 " 1500

15 " collectors, each 1400

3 clerks, " 1400

1 deputy collector 1200

1 clerk 1200

2 clerks, each 1100

3 gaugers, each fees.

ELEVENTH DISTRICT OP NEW YORK (MIDDLE-
TOWN).

Per Annum.

Collector $2750

2 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1200

2 " collectors, each 900

1 clerk 600

2 gaugers, each fees.

TWELFTH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK (HUDSON).

Per Annum.
Collector $3500

4 deputy collectors, each 1200

1 collector 1080

3 collectors, each 800

1 collector 500

1 " 400

1 " 200

1 storekeeper, per diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTEENTH DISTRICT OP NEW YORK (AL-
BANY).

Per Annum.

Collector $3700

I deputy collector 1700

Per Annum.

3 deputy collectors, each $1350

1 " collector 1050

1 " " 500

3 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

FIFTEENTH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK (TROY).

Per Annum.

Collector $2875

1 deputy collector 1700

1 " " 700

2 " collectors, each 600

1 " collector 500

2 gaugers, each fees'.

TWENTY-FIRST DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
(UTICA).

Per Annum.

Collector $3250

1 deputy collector 1100

1 " " 600

2 " collectors, each 500

1 " collector 450

1 " " 250

2 gaugers, each fees.

TWENTY-FOURTH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
(AUBURN).

Per Annum.

Collector $3750

1 deputy collector 1500

1 " " 1200

2 " collectors, each 1100

2 " " 900

6 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

7 gaugers, each fees.

TWENTY-SIXTH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK (BING-
HAMTON).

Per Annum.

Collector $2875

2 deputy collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 1000

1 " " 90U

2 " collectors, each 450

1 gauger and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

TWENTY-EIGHTH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
(ROCHESTER).

Per Annum.

Collector $4125

1 deputy collector 1800

1 " " 1500

1 " 1250

4 " collectors, each 1200

1 " collector 850

4 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

THIRTIETH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK (BUFFALO).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1900

5 " collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1300

2 " collectors, each 1200

1 " collector 1000

5 storekeepers, each, per diem 5

8 gaugers, each , fees.

134

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

SECOND DISTRICT OP NORTH CAROLINA (NEW
BERNE).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

2 deputy collectors, each 1700

2 " " '< 1400

2 " " " 1100

1 " collector 1000

2 clerks, each 900

1 deputy collector 600

2 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OP NORTH CAROLINA (RA-
LEIGH).

Per Annum.
Collector $4125

1 deputy collector 1400

2 " collectors, each 1200

1 " collector 1100

12 " collectors, each 1000

1 " collector 900

I " " 300

II storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

5 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

TIFTH DISTRICT OP NORTH CAROLINA (WIN-
STON).

Per Annum.

Collector $4000

1 deputy collector 1700

1 " " 1400

9 " collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 300

61 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OP NORTH CAROLINA (STATES-
VILLE).

Per Annum.
Collector $3125

1 deputy collector 1700

8 " collectors, each 1400

5 " " " 1100

2 clerks, " 1000

1 clerk 600

192 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

10 gaugers, each fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OP OHIO (CINCINNATI).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 2000

] " 1800

1 " 1600

2 " collectors, each 1500

6 " " " 1400

1 " collector 1200

2 clerks, each 1200

2 " " 900

1 clerk 800

1 " 600

29 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

42 gaugers, 2 inspectors of tobacco, each. fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OP OHIO (DAYTON).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1900

Per Annum.
2 deputy collectors, each $1400

2 " " " 1200

3 " " 1000

1 " collector 300

7 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

6 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OP OHIO (BELLEFONTAINE).

Per Annum.
Collector $3375

2 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1200

1 clerk 600

1 deputy collector 300

4 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OP OHIO (WASHINGTON COURT-
HOUSE).

Per Annum.

Collector $3500

1 deputy collector 1400

1 clerk ' 1300

1 deputy collector 700

1 " " 400

1 " " 300

5 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

SEVENTH DISTRICT OP OHIO (COLUMBUS).

Per Annum.

Collector $3125

1 deputy collector 1600

3 " collectors, each 1300

1 clerk 900

1 " 720

4 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

6 gaugers, each .*. fees.

TENTH DISTRICT OP OHIO (TOLEDO).

Per Annum.

Collector $4375

1 deputy collector 1900

1 " " 1100

1 " " 1000

3 " collectors, each 900

1 " collector 300

6 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

8 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

ELEVENTH DISTRICT OP OHIO (PORTSMOUTH).

Per Annum

Collector $425u

1 deputy collector 1600

1 " ]200

1 " " 1100

1 " " 800

1 " " 700

1 " 600

1 " " 400

6 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4
3 gaugers, each fees.

FIFTEENTH DISTRICT OP OHIO (MARIETTA).

Per Annum

Collector $2750

1 deputy collector 1200

1 1100

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

135

Per Annum.

2 deputy collectors, each $1000

3 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

EIGHTEENTH DISTRICT OF OHIO (CLEVELAND).

Per Annum.

Collector $4250

1 deputy collector 1900

3 " collectors, each 1400

4 " " " 1100

1 clerk 1100

1 deputy collector 1000

3 clerks, each 600

9 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

5 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OP OREGON (PORTLAND).

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

3 deputy collectors, each 1500

L gauger fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA (PHILA-
DELPHIA).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 2000

1 " " 1700

1 " " 1600

21 " collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1300

4 " collectors, each 1200

2 " " " 1100

2 " " " 1000

1 " collector 800

3 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

22 gaugers, each .". fees.

EIGHTH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA (HEAD-
ING).

Per Annum.

Collector $3500

1 deputy collector 1150

5 " collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 800

1 " " 500

1. " " 300

9 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4
3 gaugers, each fees.

NINTH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA (LANCAS-
TER.)

Per Annum.
Collector $4125

2 deputy collectors, each 1500

3 " " " 1400

2 " " " 1200

1 " collector 1000

18 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

1 gauger and 1 inspector of tobacco, each. fees.

TWELFTH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

(WlLKESBARRE).

Per Annum.
Collector $3125

3 deputy collectors, each 1400

3 " " " 1200

2 " " " 1000

1 clerk 600

Per Annum.

1 clerk $400

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4
4 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTEENTH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

(SUNBURY).

Per Annum.
Collector $2750

3 deputy collectors, each 1350

1 " collector 1200

1 " " 1095

1 " " 250

1 clerk 250

14 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

2 gaugers, each fees.

SIXTEENTH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
(SOMERSET).

Per Annum.
Collector $2750

4 deputy collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 900

1 " " 800

26 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

NINETEENTH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

(ERIE).

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

2 deputy collectors, each 1300

1 " collector 600

2 gaugers, each fees.

TWENTIETH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
(GREENVILLE).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

1 deputy collector 1450

1 1175

1 " " 975

2 clerks, each 600

4 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

TWENTY-SECOND DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
(PITTSBURG).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1800

1 " 1500

2 clerks, each 1500

2 deputy collectors, each 1400

2 " " " 1350

1 " collector 1150

1 clerk 950

1 900

1 " 800

25 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

9 gaugers, each fees.

TWENTY-THIRD DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
(ALLEGHANY CITY).

Per Annum.
Collector $3625

1 deputy collector 1500

3 " collectors, each 1400

2 " " " 1200

1 " collector 1100

136

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

9 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem $4
5 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF RHODE ISLAND (PROVIDENCE).

Per Annum.

Collector $3000

3 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1100

2 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA (COLUMBIA).

Per Annum.

Collector $3500

1 deputy collector 1400

7 " collectors, each 1100

30 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

9 gaugers, each fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE (KNOXVILLE).

Per Annum.

Collector $2625

1 deputy collector. 1600

1 " " 1300

3 " collectors, each 1200

1 " collector 600

14 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

4 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each fees.

FIFTH DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE (NASHVILLE).

Per Annum.

Collector $3875

1 deputy collector 1700

1 " " 1500

1 " " 1400

1 " " 1125

2 " collectors, each 1080

1 clerk 1300

4 deputy collectors, each 1000

1 clerk 1000

1 deputy collector 360

1 " " 60

57 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

9 gaugers, each fees.

EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE (MEMPHIS).

Per Annum.

Collector $2625

1 deputy collector 1800

1 " " 1200

2 deputy collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 900

1 storekeeeper and gauger, per diem 4

1 gauger fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OF TEXAS (GALVESTON).

Per Annum.
Collector $3000

1 deputy collector 1500

2 " collectors, each 1400

5 " " 1300

1 storekeeper, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF TEXAS.

Per Annum.
Collector $2500

4 deputy collectors, each 1600

Per Annum.

1 deputy collector $1400

2 clerks, each 1200

9 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4
2 gaugers, each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS (JEFFERSON).

Per Annum.

Collector $2375

5 deputy collectors, each 1200

1 gauger f ee s.

DISTRICT OF UTAH (SALT LAKE CITY).

Per Annum.

Collector $2375

1 deputy collector 1300

1 " " 1100

2 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OF VERMONT (MONTPELIER).

Per Annum.

Collector $2375

1 deputy collector 950

1 " " 600

2 " collectors, each 500

1 gauger fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA (PETERSBURG).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1600

1 ' " 1400

5 ' collectors, each 1300

1 ' collector 1200

5 ' collectors, each 1100

1 ' collector 1000

1 ' " 500

6 gaugers and 3 inspectors of tobacco,

each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA (RICHMOND).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1800

1 " " 1600

1 " " 1500

2 " collectors, each 1200

3 " " " 900

6 clerks, each 900

1 clerk 300

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers and 4 inspectors of tobacco,

each fees.

FOURTH DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA (DANVILLE).

Per Annum.
Collector $4500

2 deputy collectors, each 1600

1 " collector 1400

1 " " 1100

1 clerk 1150

3 deputy collectors, each 1000

1 clerk 950

1 " 900

2 deputy collectors, each 700

1 " collector 300

7 gaugers and 2 inspectors of tobacco,

each..., .. fees.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

137

FIFTH DISTRICT OP VIRGINIA (LYNCHBURG).

Per Annum.

Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1700

1 " " 1480

1 clerk 1500

7 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 clerk 1100

1 " 700

1 " 400

7 storekeepers, each, per diem 4

7 gaugers and 2 inspectors of tobacco,

each fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OP VIRGINIA (HARRISONBURG).

Per Annum.
Collector $3000

1 deputy collector 1600

5 " collectors, each 1400

2 " " " 1200

24 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per

diem 4

6 gaugers, each fees.

DISTRICT OP WASHINGTON TERRITORY (OLYM-
PIA).

Per Annum.

Collector $2125

1 deputy collector 1300

1 " " 1100

1 gauger.. fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OP WEST VIRGINIA (WHEELING).

Per Annum.

Collector $3125

1 deputy collector 1500

3 " collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 1000

1 " " 800

1 " " 700

1 " " 600

1 " " 500

4 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OP WEST VIRGINIA (GRAFTON).

Per Annum.
Collector $2375

1 deputy collector 1100

2 " collectors, each 600

1 " collector 500

1 storekeeper, per diein 4

6 gaugers, each fees.

FIRST DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN (MILWAUKEE).

Per Annum.
Collector $4500

1 deputy collector 1500

2 clerks, each 1400

2 deputy collectors, each 1400

1 " collector 1200

I " " 600

" 500

II storekeepers, each, per diem 4

8 gaugers and 1 inspector of tobacco, each fees.

SECOND DISTRICT OP WISCONSIN (MADISON).

Per Annum.
Collector $2700

3 deputy collectors, each 1400

Per Annum.

1 deputy collector $1100

2 gaugers, each fees.

THIRD DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN (OSHKOSH).

Per Annum.

Collector $2875

5 deputy collectors, each 1100

1 " collector 700

2 storekeepers and gaugers, each, per diem 4

3 gaugers, each fees.

SIXTH DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN (SPARTA).

Per Annum.

Collector $2500

2 deputy collectors, each 1000

1 " collector 900

1 " 800

DISTRICT OF WYOMING (CHEYENNE).

Per Annum.

Collector $2125

1 deputy collector 1500

1 " " 1300

1 gauger fees.

CUSTOMS SERVICE.

DUTIES OF COLLECTORS.

At each of the ports to which the three
officers, a Collector, a Naval Officer, and
a Surveyor are appointed (Boston, New
York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Or-
leans, and San Francisco), it shall be the
duty of the Collector :

First. To receive all reports, manifests,
and documents to be made or exhibited
on the entry of any ship or vessel, ac-
cording to law and regulations.

Second. To record, in books to be kept
for that purpose, all manifests.

Third. To receive the entries of all
ships or vessels, and of the goods, wares,
and merchandise imported in them.

Fourth. To estimate, together with
the Naval Officer, the amount of the
dues payable thereupon, endorsing such
amount upon the respective entries.

Fifth. To receive all moneys paid for
duties, and take all bonds for securing
the payment thereof.

Sixth. To grant all permits for the
unlading and delivery of goods.

Seventh. To employ, with the approval
of the Secretary of the Treasury, proper
persons as weighers, gaugers, measurers,
and inspectors at the several ports within
his district.

Eighth. To provide, with the like ap-
proval, at the public expense, store-houses
for the safe-keeping of goods, and such
scales, weights, and measures as may be
necessary.

138

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

At ports to which a Collector and Sur-
veyor only are appointed, the Collector
shall solely execute all the duties in
which the co-operation of the Naval
Officer is requisite at the ports where a
Naval Officer is appointed. And he shall
act in like matter in case of the disability
or death of the Naval Officer, until a
successor is appointed, unless there is a
deputy duly authorized, under the hand
and seal of the Naval Officer, who in
that case shall continue to act until an
appointment is made.

At ports to which a Collector only is
appointed, the Collector shall solely exe-
cute all the duties in which the co-opera-
tion of the Naval Officer is requisite at
ports where a Naval Officer is appointed ;
and he shall also, as far as may be, per-
form all the duties prescribed for Survey-
ors at ports where Surveyors are author-
ized.

DUTIES OF NAVAL OFFICERS.

At ports to which there are appointed
a Collector, a Naval Officer, and a Sur-
veyor, it shall be the duty of the Naval
Officer :

First. To receive copies of all mani-
fests and entries.

Second. To estimate, together with the
Collector, the duties on all merchandise
subject to duty, and no duties shall be
received without such estimates.

Third. To keep a separate record of
such estimates.

Fourth. To countersign all permits,
clearances, certificates, debentures, and
other documents to be granted by the
Collector.

Fifth. To examine the Collector's ab-
stracts of duties and other accounts of
receipts, bonds, and expenditures, and
certify the same if found correct.

DUTIES OF SURVEYORS.

At ports to which there are appointed
a Collector, Naval Officer, and Surveyor,
it shall be the duty of the Surveyor, who
shall be in all cases subject to the direc-
tion of the Collector:

First. To superintend and direct all
inspectors, weighers, measurers, and
gangers within his port.

Second. To report, once in every week,
the name or names of all inspectors,
weighers, gangers, or measurers who are
absent from or neglect to do their duty.

Third. To visit or inspect the vessels
which arrive in his port, and make a

1 return in writing every morning to the
Collector of all vessels which have ar-
rived from foreign ports during the pre-
ceding day, specifying the names and
denominations of the vessels, the masters'
names, from whence arrived, whether
laden or in ballast, to what nation be-
longing, and, if American vessels,
whether the masters thereof have or have
not complied with the law, in having the
required number of manifests of the
cargo on board, agreeing in substance
with the provisions of the law.

Fourth. To put on board each of such
vessels one or more inspectors immedi-
ately after their arrival in his port.

Fifth. To ascertain the proof, quanti
ties, and kinds of distilled spirits im-
ported, rating such spirits according to
their respective degrees of proof, as de-
fined by the laws imposing duties on
spirits.

Sixth. To examine whether the goods
imported in any vessel, and the deliver-
ies thereof, agreeably to the inspectors'
returns, correspond with the permits for
the landing of the same ; and if any error
or disagreement appears, to report the
same to the Collector, and to the Naval
Officer, if any.

Seventh. To superintend the lading
for exportation of all goods entered for
the benefit of any drawback, bounty,
or allowance, and examine and report
whether the kind, quantity, and quality
of the goods so laden on board any vessel
for exportation correspond with the en-
tries and permits granted therefor.

Eighth. To examine, and from time to
time, and particularly on first Mondays
of January and July in each year, try
the weights, measures, and other instru-
ments used in ascertaining the duties on
imports, with standards to be provided by
each Collector at the public expense for
that purpose ; and where disagreements
or errors are discovered, to report the
same to the Collector ; and to obey and
execute such directions as he may receive
for correcting the same, agreeably to the
standards.

At ports to which Collectors and Sur-
veyors only are appointed, the Surveyor
shall perform all the duties enjoined upon
Surveyors by the preceding clauses, and
shall also receive and record the copies
of all manifests transmitted to him by
the Collector; shall record all permits
granted by the Collector, distinguishing
the gauge, weight, measure, and quality
of goods specified therein ; and shall take
care that no goods be unladen or de-

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

139

livered from any ship or vessel without a
proper permit for that purpose.

Surveyors at certain ports to which no
Collector or Naval Officer is appointed,
perform all the duties which would be
required of a Collector.

Every Collector, Naval Officer, and
Surveyor is authorized, with the approval
of the" Secretary of the Treasury, in case
of his sickness or unavoidable absence,
to exercise and perform his functions,
powers, and duties by deputy duly con-
stituted under his hand and seal.

DUTIES OF APPRAISERS.

By all reasonable ways and means in
their power to ascertain, estimate, and
appraise the true and actual market
value and wholesale price, any invoice
or affidavit to the contrary notwithstand-
ing, of merchandise imported into the
United States at the time of exportation,
in the principal markets of the country,
whence the same has been imported into
the United States, and the number of
such yards, parcels, or quantities, and
such actual market value, or the whole-
sale price of every of them, as the case
may require.

Included in this is the duty to decide
whether the merchandise corresponds
with the invoice in character.

It is the duty of Appraisers to ascer-
tain these facts, and report upon them to
the Collectors.

The following will illustrate the prac-
tice in the Appraiser's department at the
port of New York, and so far as appli-
cable the same is true as to the other large
ports. At the smaller ports there is less
business, and of course less machinery ;
the Collector or his representative per-
forming the necessary duties of appraise-
ment.

Invoices of merchandise are received in
the Appraiser's department from the
custom-house (Collector's department)
twice each day. They are receipted for
by the invoice clerk, who selects and
charges them to the different divisions,
according to the merchandise which is
covered by them ; the several classes of
merchandise, goods, etc., being distrib-
uted to the divisions for examination and
appraisal, as follows:

First Division. Informal appraise-
ments; personal effects; sample office
packages. Seizures. All goods on which
allowance is claimed for damage on the
voyage of importation ; packed packages ;
passenger's baggage ; household effects.

Second Division. Antiquities; bronzes;
clocks ; fancy goods of every description ;
small and fancy manufactures of alabas-
ter, glass, marble, porcelain, and spar ;
fancy boxes ; gold-beater's skin ; gold
and silver ware ; jewelry of all kinds ;
lithographic stones ; mosaics ; musical
instruments ; opticals ; optical, philo-
sophical, and photographic apparatus ;
precious stones ; regalias ; toys ; watches ;
watch materials ; watchmakers' tools ;
type ; engravings ; artists' materials ;
books ; paintings ; paper ; printed mat-
ter ; ink ; photographs ; sealing-wax ;
stationery ; works of art.

Third Division. Buttons of silk and
worsted ; embroideries, except of gold and
silver ; hatters' plush ; laces and lace
goods of every description ; ladies' silk
wearing apparel ; silk, raw, tram, and
organzine, and all manufactures of silk ;
trimmings ; ribbons.

Fourth Division. Bagging ; cotton ;
gutta-percha and India-rubber cloth and
webbing ; manufactures of cotton, flax,
grass, hemp, jute, or of which either of
these articles shall be a component of
chief value, except carpets, carpetings,
mats, matting, and oil-cloth ; rope and
cordage ; thread of linen or cotton ;
twine ; willow-ware ; ladies' linen or cot-
ton wearing apparel.

Fifth Division. Bunting ; corsets ;
feathers, crude and ornamental ; flowers,
artificial or natural, dyed and dried ;
gloves ; hair braids ; hats ; hosiery ; knit
goods ; millinery goods ; parasols ; straw
braids ; umbrellas ; worsted goods of
every description, except French worsted
dress goods.

Sixth Division. Coir ; esparto and
sisal grass ; fibre ; flax ; flocks ; hair of all
kinds ; hemp ; istle ; jute ; shoddy ; wool,
and all materials which enter into or form
a component part of textile fabrics, ex-
cept cotton and silk ; bristles ; canes ; un-
manufactured carpets ; carpeting ; furs,
and all manufactures of fur ; mats ; mat-
ting ; oil-cloth j palm leaf; rattan ; whale-
bone ; whalebone for stretchers ; woollen
cloth, and all manufactures of wool ;
French worsted dress goods ; upholstery
goods ; baskets ; willow-ware.

Seventh Division. Anatomical prepara-
tions; apothecaries' glass-ware; asphal-
tum ; bituminous substances ; brimstone ;
cardamom-seeds ; chalk ; chemicals ; clay 5
corks ; cork-tree bark ; dextrine ; drugs* ,
dye-stuffs ; earths ; extracts ; gelatine ;
gums ; gypsum ; isinglass ; leeches ;
lemon-peel; limes; medicines ; mustard-
seeds ; paints ; perfumery ; plaster of

140

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Paris ; printing ink ; pumice-stone ; quick-
silver ; resinous substances ; saltpetre ;
soap ft r toilet ; specimens of botany and
natural history ; sponge ; spunk ; squills ;
surgical instruments, except of steel;
varnishes ; wax, bees' and vegetable ;
water colors, moist; vinegar; mineral
water ; vanilla beans.

, Eighth Division. Animals, living ;
block chalk ; boots and shoes of leather ;
brick 5 building material ; burr-stones ;
carriages ; casks ; chalk ; confectionery ;
crockery ; drain-pipe ; earthen-ware ; felt
for roofing and sheathing ; glass ; glass-
ware ; glucose ; grindstones ; guano ;
gutta-percha, unmanufactured ; hides ;
hide cuttings ; hoofs ; horns ; honey ; ice ;
india-rubber, unmanufactured ; ivory ;
ivory nuts ; junk ; laths ; leather ; lum-
ber ; melado ; molasses ; mother-of-pearl ;
oakum ; paper stock ; Parian and por-
celain ware ; polishing stones ; rags ;
shells ; skins, not furs ; slate ; spars ;
spiling ; stone for building ; stone monu-
ments ; tiles ; veneering ; wood, cabinet
and dye ; furniture.

Ninth Division. Bronze powders ;
coach hardware ; cutlery ; Dutch metal ;
emery 5 gold and silver leaf; hardware ;
harness ; iron, and manufactures of iron ;
machinery ; metals ; mica ; minerals ;
needles ; ores ; pen tips and holders ;
pins ; saddlery ; steel, and manufactures
of steel ; steel pens ; jewsharps ; buses ;
asbestos ; gold and silver galloons.

Tenth Division. Ale ; beverages ; black-
ing ; cocoa ; coffee ; cordials ; fireworks ;
food ; fruits ; grains ; grease ; groceries,
except molasses and sugar; gunpowder;
hops ; malt ; nuts, not drugs ; oil, except
essential and medicinal ; plants; porter;
seeds; soap, not toilet; soap stock ; sopa-
line ; spirituous liquors ; statuary ; tea;
wafers; wines; lemon and lime juice;
cigars ; cigarettes ; snuff ; tobacco.

The invoices are then sent to the divis-
ions and receipted for. They are then
charged respectively to the examiners,
who are experts in the specialties covered
by the invoices.

When a package ordered by the Col-
lector to be delivered to the Appraiser for
examination is received from the vessel
it is opened in the presence of the ex
aminer, and compared with the invoice
as to quality, quantity, value, and nature
of material.

The invoice is then classified, and are
turn made on the back thereof as to its cor
rectness. This return passes the inspec
tion of and is signed by the examiner, the
Assistant Appraiser, and the Appraiser

f correct, the Deputy Collector at the
mblic or Appraiser's store, who is the
epresentative and acts for the Collector,
ssues an order for the delivery of the
merchandise. If incorrect, the invoice is
eturned to the custom-house, whence a
notification is served upon the importer
;o pay the additional duty, or a refund of
.he excess of duty collected on estimation
hereof is made to him.

It has been undertaken here to give
mly the general duties of the principal
>fficers of customs, their duties in detail
being multifarious, and pointed out spe-
cifically by the law and the regulations
>f the Treasury Department.

ENTRY OF MERCHANDISE.

Merchandise intended to be imported
nto the United States should be con-
signed to some person at the port of
importation, by whom it must be en-
ured. Entry must be made within fif-
:een days after the arrival of the mer-
chandise.

The entry, which must be made in
duplicate, must specify the name of the
vessel in which, and the port or place
from which such merchandise is imported,
the particular marks, numbers, denomi-
nation, and prime cost, including charges
of each particular package or parcel
whereof the entry consists, or, if in bulk,
the quantity, quality, and prime cost, in-
cluding charges thereof, particularly
specifying the species of money in which
the invoice thereof is made out, and must
be signed and sworn to by the person
making it.

The person making an entry must also
produce to the Collector, and to the Naval
Officer, if there is one, the original in-
voices of the goods, or the documents
received in lieu of or concerning them,
with the bills of lading.

The Collector of Customs, by himself
or through a clerk or other officer, jointly
with the Naval Officer, or his represen-
tative, where there is a Naval Officer, or
alone where there is none, makes a gross
estimate of the amount of duties on the
merchandise to which the entry relates,
which estimate he notes on the face of
the entry, and upon the payment of the
sum thus estimated he issues a permit
for the landing and delivery of the goods,
which permit must be countersigned by
the Naval Officer.

The Collector" of Customs, in order to
ascertain the exact duties, retains at least
one package out of every ten of an im-

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

141

portation for examination by the Ap-
praiser, and the importer must give a
bond for the return, within ten days, of
the goods delivered to him should they
be required.

If it is ascertained after examination
by the Appraiser that the estimated duties
are less than the actual duties, the im-
porter is required to pay the deficiency,
but if the estimated duties are in excess
of the ascertained duties, the excess is
returned to him.

The following schedules comprise the
number, class, and compensation (exclu-
sive of laborers by the day or hour) of the
persons employed in the several collection
districts and ports. The compensation
of Collectors and Surveyors in many
cases is dependent upon fees and com-
missions, and varies according to the
amount of business transacted, which, of
course, fluctuates to some extent. The
compensation stated, in cases where the
salary is not fixed, is the amount made
during the fiscal year ended June 30,
1878 5 and it may be stated that the com-
pensation for that year affords the nearest
approach to their exact compensation
that can be ascertained until their ac-
counts are settled. As a rule it may
be safely taken as a true index of the
value of the offices.

CUSTOMS COLLECTION DISTRICTS AND
PORTS.

BANGOR, MAINE.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and commis-
sions $1813.91

1 special deputy collector 1600.00

1 deputy collector 800.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.

2 inspectors, each $3.00

1 night watchman 2.00

BATH, MAINE.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and commis-
sions $2240.96

1 deputy collector 600.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.
1 deputy collector $3.50

1 inspector 3.00

" weigher, etc 3.00

2 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

BELFAST, MAINE.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and commis-
sions $1289.53

1 deputy collector 800.00

1 " " 300.00

1 " " 100.00

. Per Annum.
1 deputy collector and weigher $100.00

1 storekeeper 100.00

2 storekeepers, each 50.00

1 janitor 400.00

Per Diem.

2 inspectors, each $3.00

ELLSWORTH, MAINE (FRENCHMAN'S BAY).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $150; fees, etc.,

$1133.54) $1283.54

1 special deputy collector 1200.00

1 deputy collector 12.00

1 storekeeper 360.00

3 storekeepers, each 24.00

1 storekeeper 48.00

1 janitor 360.00

Per Diem.

2 deputy collectors and inspectors, when

employed, each $3.00

1 deputy collector and inspector 3.00

KENNEBUNK, MAINE.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and commis-
sions $302.20

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector, when employed.$3.00

2 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

MACHIAS, MAINE.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$1215.39) $1465.39

1 deputy collector 820.00

1 janitor 350.00

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector $3.00

1 deputy collector, when employed 3.00

CASTINE, MAINE.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $150; fees, etc.,

$1009.72) $1159.72

1 janitor 360.00

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector $3.00

1 deputy collector and inspector 3.00

3 " collectors, each 2.25

PORTLAND, MAINE.

Per Annum.

Collector $6000.00

1 surveyor 4500.00

1 special deputy collector 3000.00

1 deputy collector 3000.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 deputy surveyor 2500.00

2 measurers, each 2000.00

1 examiner 1800.00

1 clerk and superintendent of ware-

house..., 1500.00

4 clerks, each 1200.00

2 " " 1100.00

3 " " 1000.00

1 watchman 730.00

142

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.
.... $730.00
..... 720.00
.... 650.00
..... 700.00

1 marker

1 laborer

1 messenger

2 janitors, each

Per Diem.
14 inspectors, each $3.00

1 inspector of cigars 3.00

3 storekeepers, each 3.00

2 boatmen, each 1.50

1 fireman.... .. 3.00

EASTPORT, MAINE (P ASSAM AQUODDY).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$2500) $3000.00

1 deputy collector 1800.00

1 " " 1400.00

1 janitor 360.00

Per Diem.

2 deputy collectors, each $3.00

4 inspectors, each 3.00

1 night watchman 2.50

2 " watchmen, each 2.00

3 deputy collectors, when employed, each 3.00

5 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

SACO, MAINE.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$85.59) $335.59

1 deputy collector 450.00

YORK, MAINE.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$15.66) $265.66

WALDOBOROUGH, MAINE.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$1595.86) $1845.86

I janitor 240.00

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector $4.00

1 deputy collector, inspector, etc 4.00

4 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

WISCASSET, MAINE.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $200; fees, etc.,

$547.10) $747.10

1 janitor 360.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector $3.00

1 " " and inspector 3.00

1 inspector, when employed 3.00

HOULTON, MAINE (AROOSTOOK).

Per Annum
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$500) $1500.00

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector $4.00

4 deputy collectors and inspectors, each... 3.00
1 " collector and inspector, when

employed 3.00

PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Per Annum.
Collector (HO salary), fees and commis-
sions $898.13

1 janitor 540.00

1 fireman 350.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector and inspector $3.50

1 " " " " 3.00

3 inspectors, each 3.00

BURLINGTON, VERMONT.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 deputy collector, inspector, etc 2500.00

2 " collectors, inspectors, etc.,

each 1800.00

2 " " " 1600.00

3 " " " " " 1400.00

5 " " " u " 1200.00

1 " collector and inspector 1000.00

2 " collectors, each 1000.00

1 clerk 1000.00

1 deputy collector 900.00

1 night watchman 730.00

4 deputy collectors, each 600.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.

3 deputy collectors and inspectors, when

employed, each $3.00

2 deputy collectors and inspectors, each... 3.00
1 deputy collector, when employed 3.00

4 " collectors and inspectors, when
employed, each 3.00

1 deputy collector and inspector 3.00

3 inspectors, paid by Grand Trunk Rail-

way Company of Canada, each 4.00

1 inspector, paid by Grand Trunk Rail-

way Company of Canada 3.00

6 inspectors, each 3.00

10 " when employed, each 3.00

2 " during navigation, each 3.00

1 night watchman, during navigation 2.00

1 boatman, during navigation 2.00

4 tally clerks, during navigation, each 1.00

1 " clerk 1.00

BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Collector's Office.

Per Annum.

Collector $8000.00

1 comptroller and principal clerk 4000.00

3 deputy collectors, each 3000.00

1 auditor.... 3000.00

1 cashier 3000.00

1 assistant cashier 2000.00

1 storekeeper of port 2000.00

1 secretary 2500.00

5 clerks, each 2000.00

6 " 1800.00

14 " " 1600.00

27 " " 1400.00

19 " 1200.00

9 " " 1000.00

1 clerk 800.00

1 " and storekeeper 1800.00

1 " " messenger 1000.00

8 messengers, each 840.00

8 " " . . 720.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

143

Per Aniium.

3 weighers, each $2000.00

1 ganger 2000.00

1 warehouse superintendent 2000.00

5 storekeepers, each 800.00

2 lieutenants, night watch, each 1200.00

Inspectors.

Per Diem.

4 inspectors (special), each $4.00

1 captain, night watch 4.00

1 inspector at Cohasset 3.50

1 " of marble 3.50

77 inspectors, each 3.50

40 night inspectors, each 2.50

8 " watchmen 2.00

1 day watchman 2.00

3 assistant weighers, each 4.00

15 " " " 3.50

10 " " " 3.00

1 clerk and storekeeper 3.50

12 storekeepers., each 3.50

4 boatmen, each 2.52

Naval Office.

Per Annum.

Naval Officer $5000.00

1 deputy naval officer 2500.00

1 assistant " 2000.00

6 clerks, each 1800.00

5 " " 1600.00

1 clerk 1400.00

1 " 1200.00

1 messenger 840.00

Surveyor's Office.

Per Annum.

Surveyor $5000.00

1 deputy surveyor 2500.00

1 assistant " 1800.00

1 clerk 1600.00

1 " 1200.00

1 " , 1000.00

1 messenger and telegraph operator.... 840.00
1 messenger 840.00

Appraiser's Office.

General Appraiser

2 appraisers, each

2 assistant appraisers, each...
1 clerk to general appraiser .

1 special examiner of drugs.

2 examiners, each

Per Annum.
....$3000.00
.... 3000.00

2500.00

,.... 1400.00

.... 1000.00

.. 2000.00

" 1800.00

2 " " 1600.00

1 examiner 1500.00

1 " 1400.00

3 clerks, each 1600.00

1 clerk 1400.00

1 " 1200.00

1 " and messenger 1400.00

5 samplers, each 1200.00

3 " " , 800.00

3 markers 800.00

1 messenger 950.00

Per Diem.

6 openers and packers, each $2.75

2 foremen of laborers, each 3.00

42 laborers, each 2.00

Miscellaneous.

Per Annum.

1 janitor $1000.00

1 " 600.00

1 engineer 1100.00

Per Month.

1 assistant engineer $70.00

1 cleaner .. 30.00

BARNSTABLE, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and com-
missions $2530.14

1 deputy collector and inspector 1095.00

1 " " " " 400.00

1 boatman 60.00

12 storekeepers, each 50.00

1 janitor 350.00

Per Diem.
5 deputy collectors and inspectors, when

employed, each $3.00

1 clerk .. 3.00

EDGARTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annmr.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$430.20) $680.20

1 deputy collector, inspector, weigher,

etc 1095.00

1 deputy collector 800.00

1 night watchman 600.00

1 boatman 300.00

Per Diem.
3 inspectors, when employed, each $3.00

FALL RIVER, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $150 ; fees, etc.,

$1364.40) $1514.40

1 boatman 300.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector, inspector, weigher, etc..$3.50
1 inspector, weigher and measurer 3.00

GLOUCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.

Collector (salary, $250; fees and com-
missions, $2750; storage, $998). ..$3998. 00

1 deputy collector 1500.00

1 clerk 1300.00

1 boatman 750.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.

3 inspectors, each $3.00

2 " when employed, each 3.00

4 " and storekeepers, when em-
ployed, each 4.00

MARBLEHEAD, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and com-
missions $325.31

1 deputy collector, inspector, weigher,

etc 1066.00

144

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

NANTUCKET, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250 ; fees, etc.,

$29.33) $279.33

1 special deputy collector 800.00

1 deputy collector 450.00

NEW BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees, commis-
sions, etc , $2262.72

1 deputy collector 1500.00

1 clerk 900.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.

1 inspector $3.00

1 " weigher, gauger, etc 3.00

NEWBURYPOET, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees, commis-
sions, etc $2259.02

1 janitor 540.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector and inspector $3.00

1 inspector, weigher, and gauger 3.00

1 " when employed 3.00

2 storekeepers, when employed, each 3.00

PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $150 j fees, etc.,

$1121.74) $1271.74

1 deputy collector 800.00

2 " collectors, each 300.00

SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees, commis-
sions, etc $914.10

1 deputy collector and inspector 1600.00

1 janitor 540.00

Per Diem.
3 inspectors, each $3.00

2 " when employed, each 3.00

BRISTOL AND WARREN, RHODE ISLAND.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and com-
missions $109.79

1 boatman 216.00

1 janitor 240.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector, inspector, etc $3.00

1 " " and inspector, when

employed.

3.00

NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and com-
missions $668.09

1 deputy collector 1000.00

1 boatman 400.00

1 janitor 400.00

Per Diem.
4 inspectors, when employed, each $3.00

PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

Per Annum.
Collector (no salary), fees and com-
missions $4002.11

1 deputy collector and cashier 2000.00

1 " " inspectorate 2000.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 clerk and sampler 1200.00

1 messenger and storekeeper 900.00

1 storekeeper 730.00

1 boatman 450.00

1 janitor 720.00

Per Diem.
5 inspectors, weighers, gangers, etc., each. $3. 50

2 " each 3.00

1 night watchman 1.50

1 fireman 1.50

2 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT (FAIRFIELD).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary $250; fees, etc.,

$1053.94) $1303.94

1 deputy collector, inspector, etc 1200.00

Per Diem.

2 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

MlDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees, commis-
sions, etc $1046.80

1 special deputy collector 1200.00

1 deputy col'lector 650.00

1 clerk 600.00

1 storekeeper 100.00

1 janitor 500.00

NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary ; fees and commis-
sions, $3000; storage, $35) $3035.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 1600.00

1 boatman and messenger 480.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.

2 inspectors, each $3.00

1 inspector, when employed 3.00

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary; fees and commis-
sions, $3000 ; storage, $225) $3225.00

1 special deputy collector 1600.00

1 clerk 1200.00

1 " 600.00

1 messenger 500.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.

1 clerk $3.00

2 inspectors, weighers, and gaugers,

each 3.00

4 inspectors, each 3.00

1 night inspector 2.50

1 fireman 2.50

2 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

145

STONINGTON, CONNECTICUT.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $150; fees, etc.,

$437.76) $587.76

1 deputy collector 400.00

2 " collectors, each 300.00

1 boatman 144.00

NEW YORK CITY.

Collector's Office.

Per Annum.
Collector $12,000.00

1 auditor

1 cashier

1 chief clerk, correspondence bureau

1 assistant auditor

1 " collector, Jersey City

8 deputy collectors, each

1 secretary

1 clerk

1 "

8 clerks, each.

2
14 "
35 "
18 "
45 "

5,000.00
5,000.00
3,500.00
3,500.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
2,500.00
3,000.00
2,700.00
2,500.00
2,400.00
2,200.00
2,000.00
1,800.00
1,600.00

1 clerk 1,460.00

65 clerks, each 1,400.00

87 " " 1,200.00

1 clerk 1,095.00

11 clerks, each 1,000.00

2 " 900.00

1 carpenter 1,150.00

3 ushers, each 1,200.00

37 messengers, each 840.00

7 '< ..; 720.00

8 " 500.00

1 engineer 1,500.00

1 1,000.00

6 watchmen, each 1,000.00

4 firemen, each 720.00

12 porters, each 720.00

Weighers, Gangers, and Measurers.

Per Annum.

5 weighers, each $2500.00

3gaugers, " 2000.00

1 measurer of marble 2000.00

4 inspectors, Long Island coast, ag-
gregate 730.00

4 assistant storekeepers, each 1200.00

1 ." storekeeper 1000.00

Inspectors.

Per Diem.

239 inspectors, each $4.00

16 " " when employed 3.00

1 inspector at Troy 3.00

8 female inspectors, each 3.00

100 night inspectors, each 2.50

20 u " " four months 2.50

1 carpenter 3.00

22 watchmen, each 3.00

4 Sunday watchmen, each 2.50

66 assistant weighers, per working day,

each 4.00

9 assistant gaugers, per working day, each 4.00

7 measurers of vessels, each 4.00

5 assistant janitors, per working day, each 2.00
62 storekeepers (1 at Castle Garden), each 4.00

Appraiser's Office.

Per Annum.

Appraiser $4000.00

1 general appraiser 3000.00

10 assistant appraisers, each 3000.00

1 clerk to general appraiser 2500.00

1 " " " " 2000.00

23 examiners, each 2500.00

8 " " 2200.00

14 " " 2000.00

16 " " 1800.00

1 clerk 2200.00

2 clerks, each 1800.00

11 " " 1600.00

1 clerk and stenographer 1800.00

1 examiner of marble 1500.00

1 clerk to general appraiser 1600.00

1 " " " " 1200.00

1 " " " 1000.00

1 " and stenographer 1700.00

2 clerks to Board of General Ap-

praisers, each 1200.00

9 clerks and verifiers, each 1400.00

17 " " " " 1200.00

24 samplers, each 1200.00

11 " " 1000.00

2 messengers, " v .. 1000.00

11 " 900..00

1 messenger 720.00

Per Diem.

3 foremen of openers and packers, per

working day, each $3.75

88 openers and packers, per working day,

each.... .. 3.00

Naval Office.

Naval Officer

1 deputy naval officer ,

1 clerk and acting auditor.

1 " " cashier

3 clerks, each

19
5
15

clerk and messenger.

Per Annum.
....$8000.00

2500.00

.... 2500.00
..... 2000.00
.... 2500.00
.... 2200.00
.... 2000.00
.... 1800.00
.... 1600.00
.... 1400.00
.... 12UO.OO
.... 1000.00
. 840.00

3 messengers, each 840.00

1 messenger 500.00

Surveyor's Office.

Per Annum.

Surveyor $8000.00

1 clerk and auditor 5000.00

1 deputy surveyor 2500.00

1 assistant " 2500.00

2 " surveyors, each 1800.00

5 clerks, each 1600.00

9 1400.00

1 clerk 1200.00

2 messengers, each 900.00

5 " " 720.00

Miscellaneous.

1 superintendent of building.

1 telegraph operator

1 janitor

Per Annum.

....$2000.00
.... 900.00

, 900.00

146

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Collector's Office.

Per Month.

1 scrubber $45.00

1 " 30.00

BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500; storage, $140) $2640.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

special deputy collector 2200.00

entry and liquidating clerk 1400.00

warehouse clerk 1400.00

clearance " during navigation... 1200.00

marine " 1200.00

impost and statistical clerk 1200.00

cashier..... 1200.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.

2 deputy collectors, paid by railroad

companies, each $4.00

1 deputy collector, paid by railroad com-

panies 3.00

2 deputy collectors, each 3.00

1 " collector, during navigation 3.00

14 inspectors, each 3.0$

1 inspector, paid by railroad companies

when employed 3.00

3 inspectors, paid by railroad companies,

each 3.00

1 inspector, during navigation 3.00

1 laborer 1.75

Per Month.
1 fireman $50.00

CAPE VINCENT, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 special deputy collector 1500.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 1200.00

2 " collectors, each 900.00

7 " " " 450.00

Per Diem.

1 inspector $3.00

2 inspectors, when employed, eacrfi 3.00

PLATTSBURGH, NEW YORK (CHAMPLAIN).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 special deputy collector and inspector 1600.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 1400.00

1 " 1200.00

1 " " 1000.00

collectors and inspectors, each 900.00

" each 800.00

1 collector 600. OC

1 janitor 480.00

Per Diem.

3 special inspectors, each $4.00

8 deputy collectors and inspectors, during

navigation, each 4.00

DUNKIRK, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$66.55) $1066.55

Per Diem.

1 special inspector $4.00

1 deputy collector and inspector 3.00

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK (GENESEE).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 special deputy collector 1600.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 1400.00

2 " collectors and clerks, each.... 1000.00
1 clerk 900.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector and inspector $3.00

4 " collectors and inspectors, during

navigation, each 3.00

4 inspectors, each 3.00

6 " during navigation, each 3.00

ALBANY, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $600; fees, etc.,

$4341.10) $4941.10

Per Diem.

1 deputy surveyor and inspector $4.00

4 inspectors, each 3.00

PATCHOGUE, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.

Surveyor (no salary), fees and com-
missions $367.80

PORT JEFFERSON, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.

Surveyor (no salary), fees and commis-
sions $366.90

SUSPENSION BRIDGE (NIAGARA), NEW YORK.

Per Annum.
1 collector (salary, $1000; ft'es, etc.,

$1450; storage, $548) $2998.00

1 special deputy collector 2500.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 1800.00

1 " " " 1500.00

1 " " " 1400.00

1 " " cashier 1400.00

1 fireman, six months each year 720.00

Per Month.
1 messenger $50.00

1 janitor, six months each year 50.00

Per Diem.

2 storekeepers, paid by owners of ware-

houses, each $4.00

2 inspectors, paid by railway company,

each 4.00

13 deputy collectors and inspectors, each.. 3.00

2 " " " paid

by railway companies, each 3.00

7 deputy collectors and inspectors, during

navigation, each 3.00

3 inspectors, each 3.00

1 inspector, during navigation 3.00

1 female inspector, when employed 3.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

147

OGDENSBTTRG, NEW YORK (OSWEGATCHIE).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500; storage, $62) $2562.00

1 special deputy collector 1600.00

1 deputy collector 1500.00

collectors, each.

collector

collectors, each.

1 female inspector.
1 janitor

1200.00

.. 1095.00

.. 1000.00

.. 800.00

.. 600.00

.. 360.00

.. 500.00

Per Diem.

$8.00

3.00

3 inspectors, each

3 " when employed,

OSWEGO, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1445.65; storage, $1956.52) $4402.17

1 special deputy collector 1600.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 1500.00

3 " collectors and clerks, each 1000.00

1 " collector 1000.00

1 " and inspector 900.00

2 " collectors, each 800.00

1 janitor 450.00

Per Diem.

3 deputy collectors and clerks, during

navigation, each $3.00

7 inspectors, during navigation, each 3.00

1 inspector, payable by owners of bonded

warehouses 3.00

1 deputy collector and inspector, during

navigation 3.00

SAG HARBOR, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $400 ; fees, etc.,

$82.49) $482.49

1 deputy collector 300.00

1 " " (at Greenport) 180.00

GREENPORT, NEW YORK.

Per Annum.

Surveyor (no salary), fees and com-
missions $454.00

BRIDGETON, NEW JERSEY.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$382.46) $632.46

SOMERS' POINT, NEW JERSEY (GREAT EGG
HARBOR).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250 ; fees, etc.,

$283.65) $533.65

1 deputy collector 600.00

Per Diem

2 inspectors, when employed, each $3.00

TCCKERTON, NEW JERSEY (LITTLE EGG
HARBOR).

Per Annum.

Collector (salary, $250 ; fees, etc.,
$142.86)

Per Annum.

1 deputy collector $600.00

Per Diem.

2 inspectors, when employed, each $3.00

NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$720.20) $970.20

1 deputy collector and inspector 1200.00

1 janitor 700.00

Per Diem.
1 inspector $3.00

PERTH AMBOY, NEW JERSEY.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary > $250 ; fees, etc.,

$1930.09) $2180.09

1 special deputy collector 1200.00

1 deputy collector 600.00

Per Diem.

1 inspector $3.00

2 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

TRENTON, NEW JERSEY (BURLINGTON).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $150; fees, $141.51). ..$291.51

WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500 ; fees, etc.,

$1542.18; storage, $5) $2047.18

1 special deputy collector, inspector,

etc 1600.00

1 deputy collector (at Seaford) 500.00

5 boatmen, each 300.00

1 storekeeper, paid by proprietors 5.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector, inspector, weigher,

etc., when employed $3.00

2 deputy collectors and inspectors, when

employed, each 3.00

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Collector's Office.

Per Annum
Collector $8000.00

1 assistant collector at Camden, N. J... 1500.00

2 deputy collectors, each 3000.00

1 cashier 2500.00

1 assistant cashier 2000.00

1 " auditor 2000.00

2 clerks, each 2000.00

2 " 1800.00

14 " " 1600.00

9 " " 1400.00

5 " " 1200.00

4 messengers, each..... 720.00

1 carpenter 800.00

6 watchmen, each 720.00

Weighers, Gangers, and Measurers.

Per Annum-
1 weigher $2000.00

148

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.

8 assistant weighers, each $1100.00

2 gaugers, each 2000.00

Warehouse Department.

Per Annum.
1 storekeeper of port $1800.00

1 marker 720.00

17 laborers, each , 700.00

2 boatmen 720.00

Per Diem.

6 assistant storekeepers, each $3.50

2 foremen.... .. 2.50

Inspectors.

Per Diem.

4 special inspectors, each $4.00

44 inspectors, each 3.50

1 captain of night inspectors 3.00

1 inspector at Chester, Pa 3.00

1 " at Lazaretto, not to exceed

$600 per annum 3.00

29 night inspectors, each 2.50

1 " inspector at Chester, Pa 2.50

Appraiser's Office.

Per Annum.
General Appraiser $3000.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

2 assistant appraisers, each 2500.00

1 clerk to general appraiser 1300.00

1 special examiner of drugs 1000.00

5 examiners, each 1700.00

1 clerk 1500.00

2 clerks, each 1300.00

11 samplers and packers, each 900.00

1 foreman of laborers 900.00

5 laborers, each 700.00

1 messenger 700.00

1 watchman..., , 700.00

Surveyor's Office.

Per Annum.

Surveyor .$5000.00

1 deputy surveyor 2500.00

1 clerk 1400.00

1 " 1200.00

1 messenger 720.00

Naval Office.

Naval Officer

1 acting deputy naval officer.

2 clerks, each

2 " ' "

Iclerk

1 messenger ,

Per Annum.
....$5000.00
.... 2000.00
.... 1800.00
.... 1400.00
.... 1200.00
.... 720.00

Miscellaneous.

Per Annum,

2 janitors, each $840.00

1 janitor 720.00

1 fireman, custom-house 720.00

Per Month
1 cleaner, custom-house $15.00

Per Annum.
[ engineer, Appraiser's stores $1000.00

1 engineer's assistant, Appraiser's

stores.

1 cleaner, Appraiser's stores.

800.00

Per Month.
....$5.00

PITTSBUBG, PENNSYLVANIA.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350; fees, etc.,

$3926.44) $4276.44

1 special deputy surveyor 1600.00

1 deputy surveyor and clerk 1400.00

1 clerk 1200. OQ

1 messenger 600.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.

1 inspector $4.00

1 " 3.00

1 engineer, employed six months 2.00

1 assistant engineer, employed six months 1.50

ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1159.36) $2159.36

1 deputy collector and inspector 1600.00

Per Month.

1 janitor $50.00

Per Diem.

2 inspectors, each $3.00

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$144.88) $394.88

Per Month.

1 deputy collector $25.00

1 boatman 15.00

1 inspector.

Per Diem
$3.00

CRISFIELD, MARYLAND (EASTERN MARYLAND),

Per Annum.

Collector (salary, $1200; fees and com-
missions, $797.40) $1997.40

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector and inspector $3.00

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

Collector's Office.

Per Annum
Collector $7000.00

2 deputy collectors, each 3000.00

1 " collector at Havre de Grace.. 800.00

1 auditor 2500.00

1 assistant auditor 1800.00

1 cashier 2500.00

1 assistant cashier 1800.00

6 clerks, each 1800.00

7 " 1600.00

8 " " 1400.00

5 " " 1200.00

1 clerk 1000.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

149

Per Annum.

1 messenger and copyist $1000.00

2 messengers and copyists each 900.00

4 messengers, each 720.00

2 laborers, " 720.00

1 captain of watchmen 1000.00

4 watchmen, each 840.00

Weighers, Gangers, and Measurers.

Per Annum.

1 weigher $2000.00

10 assistant weighers, each 1200.00

1 weigher, acting as gauger 1300.00

2 clerks, each 1200.00

1 messenger 720.00

Warehouse Department.

Per Annum.
1 storekeeper public stores $1800.00

1 clerk 1600.00

2 laborers, each 720.00

1 engineer 1200.00

1 fireman 1095.00

4 porters, each 820.00

Inspectors.

Per Annum.

1 female inspector $600.00

2 debenture markers, each 840.00

Per Diem.

43 inspectors, each $3.50

1 special inspector 3.50

1 " " on duty with special

agent 3.50

1 captain of night inspectors 3.50

1 lieutenant of " " 3.00

33 night inspectors, each 2.50

4 storekeepers, each 3.50

Per Month.
1 fireman, launch "Search" $45.00

1 boatman, " " 45.00

2 boatmen, " " each 40.00

Naval Office.

Per Annum.
Naval Officer $5000.00

1 deputy naval officer 2500.00

2 clerks, each 1800.00

2 " " 1600.00

2 " " 1400.00

3 " " 1200.00

1 messenger 720.00

Surveyor's Office.

Per Annum.

Surveyor $4500.00

1 deputy surveyor 2500.00

1 clerk 1800.00

1 " 1200.00

1 messenger 720.00

Appraiser's Office.

Per Annum.
General Appraiser $3000.00

2 appraisers, each 3000.00

3 examiners, " 1800.00

3 " " 1600.00

2 clerks, each 1600.00

Per Annum.
1 foreman ...................................... $1000.00

6 laborers, each .............................. 840.00

5 " " .............................. 720.00

1 messenger ................................... 720.00

Miscellaneous.

Per Annum.
1 engineer ..................................... $1200.00

1 assistant engineer ......................... 900.00

1 fireman ....................................... 900.00

1 janitor ....................................... 1000.00

1 ....................................... 720.00

x Per Diem.

5 laborers, each ................................... $2.00

GEORGETOWN, DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500 ; fees, etc.,

$816.11; storage, $42.57) ............ $1358.68

Per Diem.
1 deputy collector and inspector ............ $4.00

1 inspector ......................................... 3.00

Per Month.
1 janitor ...... . ................................... $35.00

ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (no salary), fees and commis-

sions ....................................... $491.12

1 special deputy collector .................. 1200.00

1 janitor ....................................... 500.00

Per Diem.
1 inspector ......................................... $3.00

EASTVILLE, VIRGINIA (CHERRYSTONE).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$418.69) .................................... $918.69

1 deputy collector and boatman ........... 365.00

2 " collectors and boatmen, each.. 100.00

Per Diem.
1 deputy collector and inspector ............ $3.00

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (no salary), fees and commis-

sions ....................................... $1562.80

1 deputy collector and clerk .............. 1600.00

1 janitor ....................................... 600.00

Per Month.
1 boatman ......................................... 20.00

1 fireman .......................................... 65.00

Per Diem.

1 clerk and inspector ............................ $3.00

2 inspectors, each ................................ 3.00

1 watchman ....................................... 2.00

1 fireman, employed six months ............. 2.00

NORFOLK, VIRGINIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (no salary), fees and com-

missions .................................. $3000.00

1 deputy collector ........................... 1600.00

1 clerk .......................................... 1300.00

1 " and cashier ........... .. 1300.00

150

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.
1 watchman $900.00

3 boatmen, each 300.00

1 janitor '. 720.00

Per Month.

1 boatman $40.00

Per Diem.

2 special inspectors, each $4.00

1 inspector 4.00

4 inspectors, each 3.00

PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and com-
missions $421.09

1 special deputy collector 1000.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector and inspector $3.00

1 messenger and night watchman 2.00

TAPPAHANNOCK, VIRGINIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$171.86) $421.86

1 special deputy collector 600.00

YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $200; fees, etc.,

$396.01) $596.01

1 deputy collector 360.00

1 " " at West Point..., .. 600.00

WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350; fees, etc.,

$1930.09) $2280.09

1 deputy surveyor 300.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Month.
1 fireman, employed six months $60.00

BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$145.43) ....$1145.43

1 boatman +. 240.00

NEW BERNE, NORTH CAROLINA (PAMLICO).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$545.83) $1545.83

1 deputy collector 730.00

1 " " 700.00

2 " collectors, each 360.00

1 " collector 320.00

1 messenger 240.00

EDENTON, NORTH CAROLINA (ALBEMARLE).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$238.32) $1238.32

1 deputy collector.

Per Diem.

WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 special deputy collector. 2000.00

1 clerk 1400.00

4 boatmen, each 240.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.
4 inspectors, each 3.00

BEAUFORT, SOUTH CAROLINA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1877.87) $2877.87

1 special deputy collector 25.00

Per Diem.
1 deputy collector and inspector $3.00

CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and com-
missions $3825.42

1 special deputy collector and clerk... 2200.00

3 clerks, each 1500.00

2 night watchmen, each 730.00

1 messenger 730.00

1 watchman 600.00

4 boatmen, each 360.00

1 appraiser 1500.00

1 janitor 720.00

1 " 450.00

Per Diem.

5 inspectors, each $3.00

GEORGETOWN, SOUTH CAROLINA.

Per Annum,
fees, etc.,

$190.21)....;. $440.21

2 boatmen, each 300.00

Collector (salary, $250;

BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$2104.47) $2604.47

6 boatmen, each 300.00

Per Diem.

2 deputy collectors and inspectors, each. ...$3.00
1 inspector 3.00

SAVANNAH, GEORGIA.

Per Annum.

Collector (no salary), fees and commis-
sions $4005.36

1 special deputy collector 2200.00

3 clerks, each 1500.00

1 messenger 730.00

1 janitor 700.00

1 assistant janitor 300.00

1 fireman.... . 300.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

151

Per Month.

3 boatmen, each $40.00

1 boatman 30.00

1 scrubber 2.00

Per Diem.

1 inspector $4.00

3 inspectors, each 3.00

3 night inspectors, each 2.00

ST. MARY'S, GEORGIA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500 ; fees, etc.,

$674.16) $1174.16

1 clerk 300.00

1 boatman 300.00

Per Diem.
1 deputy collector, when employed $3.00

KEY WEST, FLORIDA.

Per Annum.

Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$2500; storage, $1370) $4370.00

1 deputy collector 2000.00

1 chief clerk 1600.00

3 clerks, each 1200.00

1 clerk 1000.00

1 watchman 730.00

1 deputy collector 730.00

1 " " 600.00

1 messenger 730.00

4 boatmen, each 400.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Month.
4 boatmen, each $25.00

Per Diem.

1 chief inspector $3.50

3 inspectors, each 3.00

2 inspectors, when employed 3.00

2 storekeepers, each 3.00

3 night inspectors, each 2.00

CEDAR KEYS, FLORIDA (ST. MARK'S).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$764.17) $1264.17

1 deputy collector 750.00

Per Month.

2 boatmen, each $25.00

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector and inspector.. .$4.00

2 inspectors, each 3.00

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA (Si. JOHN'S).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$600.77) $1100.77

1 deputy collector 730.00

Per Diem.
1 deputy collector and inspector $3.00

FERNANDINA, FLORIDA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$843.88) $1343.88

Per Month.
$20.00

2 boatmen, each

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector $3.00

2 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

APALACHICOLA, FLORIDA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$133.90) $633.90

PENSACOLA, FLORIDA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$2000) $3000.00

1 special deputy collector 1600.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 1200.00

1 clerk 1000.00

1 messenger 600.00

1 deputy collector 360.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector , $3.00

6 inspectors, each 3.00

2 night watchmen, each 2.00

1 boatman 75

Per Month.
4 boatmen, each $25.00

ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500 ; fees, etc.,

$36.65) $536.65

1 deputy collector 300.00

2 " collectors, each 240.00

2 revenue boatmen, each 240.00

1 special deputy collector 24.00

MOBILE, ALABAMA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$2644.09; storage, $1181.65) $4075.74

1 deputy collector and cashier 1600.00

1 " " " clerk 1500.00

1 clerk 1200.00

1 messenger 730.00

5 boatmen, each 480.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.

4 special inspectors, each $4.00

4 inspectors, each 3.00

1 storekeeper, payable by owners of ware-

houses 3.00

2 night watchmen, each 2.00

SHIELDSBOROUGH, MISSISSIPPI (PEARL RIVER).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $250; fees, etc.,

$1472.20) 81722.20

2 boatmen, each 300.00

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector $3.00

1 deputy collector .' 3.00

1 " " and inspector 3.00

152

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500 ; fees, etc., $5.94).$505.94

VlCKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $500; fees, etc.,

$111.23) $611.23

NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

Collector's Office.

Per Annum.

Collector $7000.00

2 deputy collectors, each 3000.00

1 " collector 480.00

1 auditor 2500.00

1 cashier 2500.00

1 chief clerk .. 2200.00

1 " entry clerk 2000.00

8 clerks, each 1600.00

6 " " 1400.00

8 " " 1200.00

1 clerk 1000.00

4 messengers, each 600.00

1 captain of watchmen 800.00

5 watchmen, each 600.00

Weighers, Gangers, and Measurers.

Per Annum.
1 weigher $2000.00

7 assistant weighers, each 1200.00

1 gauger 1500.00

1 clerk 1000.00

5 laborers, each 600.00

1 marker 600.00

Warehouse Department.

Per Annum.
1 warehouse superintendent and cigar

inspector $2500.00

1 storekeeper and clerk 2000.00

5 storekeepers, each 1460.00

1 clerk 1200.00

1 messenger 600.00

4 laborers, each 600.00

16 revenue boatmen, each 600.00

Inspectors.

Per Diem.

31 inspectors, each $3.00

1 captain of night inspectors 3.00

20 night inspectors, each 2.50

Appraiser's Office.

Appraiser

1 assistant appraiser ,

1 special examiner of drugs..

4 examiners, each ,

1 clerk

1 "

2 openers and packers, each.

1 chief of laborers

4 laborers, each

1 messenger

Per Annum.
....$3000.00
.... 2500.00

1000.00

.... 1800.00
.... 1600.00
.... 1400.00

720.00

.... 600.00
. 600.00

Naval Office.

Naval Officer ,

1 deputy naval officer.

Per Annum

,...$5000.00
.. 2500.00

Per Annum.
1 clerk $1800.00

1 " 1600.00

2 clerks, each 1400.00

1 messenger 600.00

Surveyor's Office.

Surveyor

1 special deputy surveyor.

1 clerk

1 "

2 messengers, each

Per Annum.
....$3500.00
.... 2500.00
.... 1600.00
.... 1400.00
.... 1200.00
.... 600.00

Miscellaneous.

1 chief engineer

1 assistant engineer.

2 firemen, each

Per Annum.

$1200.00

.... 900.00
. 750.00

Per Month.

2 firemen, each $50.00

7 janitors, each 25.00

Per Annum.

1 janitor $1000.00

BRASHEAR, LOUISIANA (TECHE).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$690.30) $1690.30

2 boatmen, each 480.00

Per Diem.
1 special deputy collector and inspector. ..$3. 00

1 deputy collector and inspector 3.00

2 inspectors, each 3.00

BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS (BRAZOS DE SANTIAGO).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1 500 ; fees, etc.,

$1000; storage, $2000) $4500.00

1 special deputy collector and cashier.. 2000.00

1 deputy collector, chief clerk, etc 1800.00

1 " and inspector 1800.00

" " and entry clerk 1600.00

bond clerk 1600.00

clerk 1600.00

storekeeper, weigher, gauger, etc 1400.00

messenger 750.00

night watchman 750.00

Per Diem.
12 mounted inspectors (50 cents per diem

for forage for horse), each $3.50

3 deputy collectors and inspectors, each... 3.50

4 inspectors, each 3.50

1 inspector, when employed 3.00

1 female inspector 3.00

INDIANOLA, TEXAS (SALURIA).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1500; fees, etc.,

$983.40) $2483.40

1 special deputy collector and clerk 1350.00

1 deputy collector 1350.00

1 revenue boatman 360.00

Per Month.
, $30.00

1 porter and messenger...

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

153

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector and mounted inspector.$3.50
1 mounted inspector ............................. 3.50

1 " ............................. 3.00

2 inspectors, each ................................. 3.00

GALVESTON, TEXAS.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1500; fees, etc.,

$1000 j storage, $1603.13) ........... $4103.13

1 special deputy collector

1 chief clerk and deputy collector .......

1 clerk and deputy collector ..............

2 clerks, each..... ............................

1 janitor .......................................

2000.00
1700.00
1600.00
1600.00
600.00
1 porter ......................................... 500.00

Per Diem.
1 special inspector ................................ $4.00

1 storekeeper ....................................... 3.00

1 inspector, weigher, gauger, etc ............ 3.50

4 inspectors, each ................................. 3.50

1 mounted inspector and deputy collector. 3.50
1 inspector .......................................... 3.50

1 mounted inspector .............................. 3.50

1 inspector, when employed ................... 3.00

6 night inspectors, each ........................ 2.50

1 assistant weigher, gauger, etc ............ .. 2.00

1 messenger ........................................ 2.00

2 boatmen, each ................................... 2.00

1 night watchman ................................ 1.75

EL PASO, TEXAS (PASO DEL NORTE).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary) ............................ $2000.00

uty collector .................. 1500.00

llector ............................. 1200.00

1 special dep
1 deputy coll

2 " collectors, each
1 night watchman
1 deputy collector

1000.00
600.00
500.00

Per Diem.
3 mounted inspectors, each .................... $3.00

1 deputy collector and inspector ............. 3.00

1 " ................................ 3.00

CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1500; fees, etc.,

$1000 ; storage, $226.15) ............. $2726.15

1 special deputy collector .................. 1800.00

1 deputy collector and inspector ......... 1800.00

1 " clerk ............... 1400.00

Per Month.
1 porter ............................................ $35.00

Per Diem.
1 inspector and clerk ............................ $3.50

1 storekeeper ................... 3.50

2 inspectors, each ................................. 3.50

2 deputy collectors and inspectors, each... 3.50
2 mounted inspectors (50 cents per diem

for forage for horse), each ............... 3.50

MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350; fees, etc.,

$940.66; storage, $1200) ............ $2490.66

1 deputy surveyor ........................... 1000.00

1 storekeeper .................................. 1200.00

1 messenger .................................... 600.00

1 porter ......................................... 90.00

NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350 ; fees, etc.,

$276.02) $626.02

LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350; fees, etc.,

$2694.35; storage, $155.50) $3199.85

1 special deputy surveyor 1600.00

1 clerk 1200.00

1 " 1000.00

1 janitor 600.00

1 " 450.00

Per Month.

1 engineer and fireman $50.00

1 assistant engineer 50.00

1 passenger elevator conductor 30.00

Per Diem.

2 inspectors, each $3.00

1 messenger 1.50

ST. Louis, MISSOURI.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350 ; fees, etc.,

$3485; storage, $1165) $5000.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 special deputy surveyor 2800.00

2 deputy surveyors, each 2000.00

1 " surveyor 1800.00

1 " " 1500.00

1 " " 1400.00

2 clerks, each 1400.00

1 examiner 1400.00

2 clerks, each 1200.00

1 clerk 1000.00

1 messenger 720.00

1 " 480.00

2 janitors, each 600.00

Per Month.
1 laborer $60.00

Per Diem.

1 drug examiner, when employed $5.00

1 inspector 4.00

1 3.75

4 inspectors, each 3.50

1 watchman 2.50

1 storekeeper 2.50

CLEVELAND, OHIO (CUYAHOGA).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000 ; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 special deputy collector 1600.00

1 deputy collector 1200.00

1 clerk 1000.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 900.00

1 opener and packer 600.00

2 deputy collectors, each 480.00

2 " 300.00

1 " collector 25.00

1 janitor 720.00

Per Diem.

4 deputy collectors and inspectors, each. ..$3.00
1 " collector .. 2.00

154

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Diem.

1 night and Sunday watchman $2.50

1 fireman 1.75

TOLEDO, OHIO (MIAMI).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000 ; fees, etc.,

$1500; storage, $18) $2518.00

1 deputy collector 1 1000.00

1 special deputy collector 1400.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector, during navigation $3.00

1 inspector 3.00

SANDUSKY, OHIO.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 deputy collector 1000.00

2 " collectors, each 400.00

2 " " " 200.00

2 " " " 120.00

1 " collector 150.00

1 janitor 600.00

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350 ; fees, etc.,

$4650) $5000.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 special deputy surveyor 2000.00

1 examiner 1500.00

1 assistant book-keeper 1200.00

1 invoice clerk 1000.00

2 clerks, each 900.00

1 porter 720.00

1 messenger 480.00

1 janitor 400.00

1 night watchman 60.00

2 firemen, per month, each 25.00

Per Diem.

1 special examiner of drugs $5.00

1 weigher, gauger, and measurer 3.00

4 inspectors, each 3.00

1 public storekeeper 3.00

PORTSMOUTH, OHIO.
Surveyor Fees.

EVANSVILLE, INDIANA.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350; fees, etc.,

$342.41) $692.41

1 deputy surveyor 500.00

1 janitor 900.00

1 storekeeper, paid by owners of bonded

warehouse 850.00

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500; storage, $2000) $4500.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 deputy collector 2800.00

1 auditor 2200.00

2 deputy collectors and clerks, each... 2000.00
1 cashier 2000.00

Per Annum.
1 clerk $2000.00

1 assistant auditor 1600.00

2 clerks, each 1600.00

1 deputy collector, etc 1500.00

1 examiner 1800.00

1 " 1600.00

1 deputy collector 1400.00

3 clerks, each 1400.00

1 clerk 1300.00

2 clerks, each 1200.00

3 watchmen, each 600.00

2 janitors, each 600.00

1 messenger 730.00

1 surveyor (at Michigan City, Ind.) 350,00

Per Month.

1 clerk, during navigation $100.00

1 deputy collector 20.00

Per Diem.
19 inspectors, each $3.00

3 storekeepers, each 3.00

5 inspectors, during navigation, each 3.00

1 inspector 400

1 watchman 2.50

2 messengers, each 2.50

1 storekeeper 2.00

1 messenger 2.00

GALENA, ILLINOIS.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350 ; fees, etc.,

$103.10) $453.10

1 deputy surveyor 500.00

1 janitor 360.00

CAIRO, ILLINOIS.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $800 ; fees, etc.,

$105.98) $905.98

1 special deputy surveyor 600.00

1 janitor 500.00

Per Diem.
1 fireman $2.00

BURLINGTON, IOWA.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350; fees, etc.,

$38.24) $388.24

DUBUQUE, IOWA.

Per Annum.
Surveyor (salary, $350 ; fees, etc.,

$121.46) $471.46

1 janitor 400.00

Per Diem.
1 engineer and fireman $1.50

GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN (MICHIGAN).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 special deputy collector 1200.00

1 deputy collector 375.00

1 275.00

Per Month.

2 deputy collectors, during navigation,

each.... $50.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

155

Per Month.
3 deputy collectors, during navigation,

each $30.00

2 deputy collectors, during navigation,

each 25.00

3 deputy collectors, during navigation,

each 20.00

1 deputy collector, during navigation 15.00

1 " " " 10.00

Per Diem.

2 deputy collectors and inspectors, when

employed, each $3.00

PORT HURON, MICHIGAN (HURON).

Per Aunum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 special deputy collector 1700.00

1 deputy collector, etc 1400.00

1 " and clerk 1200.00

2 collectors and clerks, each... 1000.00

1 collector and clerk 800.00

1 " 1000.00

1 ' " 1200.00

1 " " 400.00

3 " collectors, each 420.00

1 messenger 600.00

1 watchman 730.00

1 engineer 720.00

Per Month.

5 deputy collectors, employed during sea-
son of navigation, each $25.00

2 deputy collectors, employed during sea-

son of navigation, each 15.00

Per Diem.
2 deputy collectors and inspectors, each...$3.50

5 " " etc., when employed,
each 3.00

6 deputy collectors, etc., paid by Grand

Trunk Railway Company, each 3.00

1 deputy collector and night inspector,
employed during season of navi-
gation 2.50

1 deputy collector, employed during sea-

son of navigation 2.50

2 inspectors, paid by Grand Trunk Rail-

way Company, each 3.00

8 inspectors, when employed, each 3.00

1 inspector, paid by Great Western Rail-
way Company 3.00

1 female inspector, when employed 3.00

1 laborer .. 1.50

DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500; storage, $2000) $4500.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 2000.00

1 " " and chief clerk 1800.00

1 cashier 1500.00

1 deputy collector and inspector 1460.00

2 special inspectors, each 1460.00

I deputy collector and inspector 1277.50

3 " collectors and clerks, each.... 1200.00

1 " collector and clerk 1100.00

3 " collectors and inspectors,

each 1095.00

eputy collector 1200.00

Per Annum.

1 storekeeper $1095.00

1 deputy collector, clerk, and inspector. 1000.00

7 " collectors and clerks, each 900.00

4 " " each 900.00

4 " " and clerks, each.... 730.00

2 collectors, each 730.00

1 janitor 600.00

1 deputy collector and clerk 550.00

1 messenger 500.00

2 deputy collectors and clerks, each... 365.00
4 " " " " " ... 240.00

I deputy collector 240.00

3 " collectors, each 120.00

Per Diem.

II inspectors, when employed, each $3.00

Per Month.
1 deputy collector, during navigation, paid

by steamer. $5.00

MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN (SUPERIOR).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

ir. 1400.00
200.00
800.00
300.00
100.00
12.00

Per Diem.
3 inspectors, each $3.00

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000 ; fees, etc.,

$1500; storage, $38.85) $2538.85

1 special deputy collector 1800.00

1 deputy collector 1500.00

1 " " 300.00

1 " " 150.00

1 janitor 600.00

Per Diem.

2 deputy collectors and inspectors, each... $3.00

Per Month.

1 deputy collector, during navigation $40.00

1 " " " " 35.00

1 " " " 25.00

1 assistant fireman 40.00

1 engineer 50.00

LA CROSSE, WISCONSIN.

Per Annum.
1 surveyor (salary) $1200.00

DULUTH, MINNESOTA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500; storage, $936.75) $3436.75

1 special deputy collector and in-
spector 1400.00

Per Diem.

1 deputy collector $3.00

1 inspector 3.00

1 " during navigation 3.00

1 clerk and inspector, during navigation.. 3.00

156

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

PEMBINA, DAKOTA TERRITORY (MINNESOTA).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$1500) $2500.00

1 deputy collector (at St. Paul) 2000.00

Per Diem.

1 special deputy collector $4.00

1 inspector and examiner 4.00

1 clerk and inspector 4.00

2 mounted inspectors, each 3.50

2 deputy collectors, each 3.00

3 inspectors, each 3.00

1 storekeeper 2.50

OMAHA, NEBRASKA.

Per Annum.

Surveyor $350.00

1 janitor 500.00

1 fireman 1000.00

Per Diem.
1 inspector $3.00

MONTANA AND IDAHO (FORT BENTON).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$214.08) $1214.08

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

Collector's Office.

Per Annum.
Collector $7000.00

1 deputy collector 3625.00

2 " collectors, each 1500.00

1 auditor 4500.00

assistant auditor 2000.00

cashier 3000.00

assistant cashier 1800.00

adjuster of duties 3000.00

secretary 2500.00

accountant 1800.00

2 clerks, each 2000.00

11 " " 1800.00

4 " " 1600.00

2 " " 1200.00

2 messengers, each 900.00

1 messenger 600.00

3 watchmen, each 900.00

Weighers, Gangers, and Measurers.

Per Annum.

3 weighers, each $2000.00

12 assistant weighers, each 1200.00

1 gauger 2000.00

1 assistant gauger 900.00

Warehouse Department.

Per Annum.

1 deputy collector, warehouse superin-
tendent $3625.00

1 warehouse superintendent 1800.00

1 clerk 2000.00

4 clerks, each 1800.00

3 " " 1600.00

1 messenger 900.00

1 foreman of laborers 1200.00

10 laborers, each 900.00

1 engineer 1200.00

3 watchmen, each 900.00

Inspectors.

Per Diem.
35 inspectors, each $4.00

1 captain of night inspectors 4.0U

2 lieutenants " " 3.50

1 female inspector 3.00

45 night inspectors, each 2.50

30 laborers, each 3.20

10 assistant storekeepers, each 4.00

1 clerk 4.50

Appraiser's Office.

Per Annum.

2 appraisers, each $3625.00

2 assistant appraisers, each 2500.00

1 special examiner of drugs 2000.00

3 examiners, each 2000.00

1 examiner 1600.00

1 clerk 1800.00

1 " 1200.00

4 samplers, each 1200.00

9 laborers, each 900.00

1 messenger 900.00

2 boatmen, each 900.00

Miscellaneous.

Per Annum.

2 janitors, each $900.00

1 janitor 720.00

1 " 480.00

Per Month,
1 janitor. $70.00

Surveyor's Office.

Per Annnm.

Surveyor $5000.00

1 deputy surveyor 3625.00

1 clerk 3000.00

1 " 1800.00

1 messenger 900.00

Naval Office.

Per Annum.

Naval Officer $5000.00

1 deputy naval officer 3125.00

6 clerks, each 1800.00

1 clerk 1600.00

1 " 1400.00

1 messenger 1000.00

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

Per Annum.

Collector (salary) $3000.00

1 special deputy collector and in-
spector 1100.00

1 deputy collector and inspector 1000.00

1 inspector 1000.00

Per Diem.
1 mounted inspector $3.00

ASTORIA, OREGON.

Per Annum.

Collector (salary) $3000.00

1 deputy collector 1800.00

1 " " 1200.00

2 boatmen, each 480.00

1 fireman and cleaner 720.00

Per Diem.
1 inspector $3.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

157

PORTLAND, OREGON (WILLAMETTE).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$2000; storage, $1200) , $4200.00

1 appraiser 3000.00

1 deputy collector 2400.00

1 " 2200.00

1 clerk 1500.00

1 opener and packer 1250.00

1 storekeeper 1200.00

1 janitor 900.00

Per Month.

1 janitor $45.00

1 engineer and fireman (for eight months) 100.00

1 night watchman 100.00

Per Diem.
4 inspectors, each $4.00

2 night inspectors, each 2.50

EMPIRE CITY, OREGON (SOUTHERN).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000; fees, etc.,

$48.20) $1048.20

1 deputy collector 1000.00

PORT TOWNSEND, WASHINGTON TERRITORY
(PUGET SOUND).

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $1000 ; fees, etc.,

$2000) $3000.00

2 deputy collectors, each 2150.00

6 inspectors, each 1200.00

2 boatmen, each 600.00

2 boatmen (and 50 cents per diem for

rations) each 600.00

1 watchman 730.00

Per Diem.

3 inspectors, each $4.00

1 inspector 3.00

SITKA, ALASKA.

Per Annum.
Collector (salary, $2500 ; fees, etc.,

$875.55) $3375.55

1 deputy collector 1500.00

3 " collectors, each 1200.00

1 " collector and inspector 1200.00

COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
SERVICE.

The first authority for the survey of the
coasts of the United States was contained
in the act of Congress of February 10,

1807.

PURPOSE OF THE COAST SURVEY.

The purpose of the Coast Survey Ser-
vice is to survey the coasts of the United
States, and to make maps and charts
which will show every part of the coasts,
the islands, shoals, and the roads and
places of anchorage, within twenty
leagues of the shores, and the respective
distances between the principal capes or
headlands.

It is provided that there may be em-
ployed in this service such public vessels
and crews in actual service, and as many
officers and men of the army and navy
of the United States as may be necessary,
the navy officers to be employed on the
hydrographic parts, and the army officers
on the topographical parts of the work.

The maps and charts of the survey of
the coasts may be disposed of by the
Treasury Department at such prices and
under such regulations as the Secretary
of the Treasury may fix.

It is provided by law that the charts
prepared by the Coast Survey Service
shall show the configuration of the coasts,
and by lines the probable limits of the
Gulf Stream ; the probable limit to which
the soundings off the coasts will extend;
the triangulation. the topography, and
the soundings of the coasts.

On the 30th of March, 1843, a board,
appointed by direction of the President
of the United States, convened for the
purpose of preparing a plan of reorgan-
izing the mode of executing the coast
survey, and that proposed by said board
was approved by the President on April
29, 1843. That plan laid down a system
of rules for ascertaining the geographical
positions of points ; for obtaining the
soundings, the hydrography and topog-
raphy of the coasts ; also for the ar-
rangement of parties for duty in the
field, and prescribing the manner of em-
ployment and the compensation to be
allowed to the persons to be employed in
the service.

The President, in approving the plan,
directed that the Secretary of the Navy
should assign suitable officers of the navy
to be chiefs of the hydrographical parties,
at the request of the Treasury Depart-
ment ; and that the charge of the survey
should be continued in that Department,
placing the service under its control ; and
the Secretary of the Treasury to be the
medium of communication with the per-
sons employed in the survey, to whom
all reports should be made, and from
whom all directions on the subject should
be received. The service was placed
under the Treasury Department because
the object and purpose of the survey refer
principally to the commercial interests
of the country, with which this Depart-
ment is generally charged.

DUTIES OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
THE COAST SURVEY.

The Superintendent has charge of the
work in general, and is responsible for

158

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

its correctness and fidelity. It is his duty
to inspect, personally, the operations of
all parties and persons employed on the
survey; to furnish the necessary formula
and methods to the assistants having cal-
culations to make, and to give instruc-
tions relating to the scientific parts of the
work ; to assign the duties of the parties
and persons employed ; to make all
necessary contracts, and to dispose of
property which is useless or worn out ; to
supervise the publication of the results of
the work : and he has the general super-
intendence of the office at Washington.

He must also, as soon as possible,
make known any of the results of the
survey which may be useful to the pub-
lic, such as reefs, rocks, or other dangers
on the coast, new channels leading into
harbors, etc. ; and report the progress
and state -of the work to the Treasury
Department in the month of November
of each year, in order that it may be
laid before the President and Congress.

The appropriations made for all pur-
poses connected with the Geodetic and
Coast Survey amount to about $550,000
annually.

FORCE AND PAY OP THE COAST AND GEODETIC
SURVEY SERVICE.

Per Annum.

Superintendent $6000

1 consulting geometer 4000

1 assistant in charge 4200

1 " 3730

2 assistants, each 3620

1 assistant 3200

1 " 3160

1 " 3150

2 assistants, each 2870

1 assistant 2760

2 assistants, each 2750

1 assistant 2640

2 assistants, each 2180

2 " " 2120

1 assistant 2100

2 assistants, each 2070

5 " " 2010

2 " " 1950

2 " " 1900

1 assistant 1840

1 " 1800

3 assistants, each 1750

6 1600

3 " " 1500

2 " " 1400

assistant 1200

acting assistant 1500

sub-assistant 1300

" 1250

" 1200

sub-assistants, each 1100

disbursing agent 2500

accountant 2000

librarian 1800

1 computer 1740

Per Annum.
1 computer $1620.00

1500.00

3 computers, each 1200.00

1 tide computer 2000.00

1 draughtsman 2350.00

2050.00

2000.00

2 draughtsmen, each 1800.00

1 draughtsman 1200.00

1 engraver 2000.00

1 " 1800.00

1 electrotypist 2000.00

1 helper 1000.00

1 clerk in charge of miscellaneous di-
vision 1500.00

1 clerk in chart-room 1600.00

1 " " archives 1500.00

2 clerks, each 1200.00

Per Diem.

1 writer to superintendent $2.89

1 messenger to superintendent 2.30

1 computer 5.75

2 messengers, each 2.00

1 draughtsman 5.75

2 draughtsmen, each 4.00

1 draughtsman 3.83$

1 " 3.50

1 3.20

1 " 3.00

3 engravers, each 5.50

2 5.00

1 engraver 4.50

1 " 3.75

1 writer 3.25

1 " 2.00

1 messenger 2.25

2 machinists, each 5.00

1 machinist 4.00

1 ' " 3.50

2 machinists, each 3.00

1 carpenter 5.00

1 copper-plate printer 5.00

1 " " 3.00

1 " " 2.50

1 map mounter 3.75

1 messenger 2.40

1.75
1.00

L watchman 2.20

3 watchmen, each 2.15

1 fireman 2.00

laborer 1.50

L verifier 5.00

[ adjuster 5.00

1 laborer 2.15

Per Month.

4 aids, each $75.00

aid 60.00

[ acting aids, each 35.00

I computer 75.00

" 60.00

" 45.00

tide computer '. 75.00.

" 60.00

writer 75.00

" 70.00

" 60.00

tide observer 80.00

76.00

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

159

Per Month.

1 tide observer $35.00

1 " 25.00

1 map mounter 65.00

1 driver 60.00

1 copyist 60.00

50.00

45.00

35.00

30.00

... 25.00

1
1
1
1
1
1 draughtsman contract.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL BOARD OF
HEALTH.

The act of Congress of March 3, 1879,
established a National Board of Health,
to consist of seven members, to be ap-
pointed by the President of the United
States, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate, not more than one of
whom can be appointed from any one
State, with a compensation, during the
time when actually engaged in the per-
formance of their duties, of $10 per diem
each, and reasonable expenses, and of one
medical officer of the army, one medical
officer of the navy, one medical officer of
the United States Marine Hospital Ser-
vice, and one officer from the Department
of Justice, to be detailed by the Secre-
taries of the several Departments, and the
Attorney-General, respectively ; and the
officers so detailed receive no additional
compensation.

MEETINGS.

Said Board must meet in Washington
or elsewhere, from time to time, upon
notice from the President of the Board,
who is chosen by the members thereof,
or upon its own adjournments, and must
frame all rules and regulations authorized
or required by the authorizing act, and
make or cause to be made such special
examinations and investigations at any
place or places within the United States,
or at foreign ports, as they may deem
best, to aid in the execution of the act
referred to, and the promotion of its ob-
jects.

The National Board of Health must
obtain information upon all matters
affecting the public health ; advise the
several Departments of the Government,
the Executives of the several States, and
the Commissioners of the District of
Columbia, on all questions submitted by
them, or whenever, in the opinion of the
Board, such advice may tend to the pre-
servation and improvement of the public
health.

The Board of Health, with the assist-
ance of the Academy of Science (which
must co-operate with them for that pur-
pose), must report to Congress a full
statement of its transactions, together
with a plan for a National public health
organization, which plan must be pre-
pared after consultation with the princi-
pal sanitary organizations and the sani-
tarians of the several States of the United
States, special attention being given to
the subject of quarantine, both maritime
and inland, and especially as to regula-
tions which shall be established between
State or local systems of quarantine and
a National quarantine system.

The sum of $50,000 was appropriated
to pay the salaries and expenses of said
Board and to carry out the purposes of
the act.

The act of Congress of June 2, 1879,
provides that the National Board of
Health must co-operate with and, so far
as it lawfully may, aid State and muni-
cipal boards of health in the execution
and enforcement of the rules and regula-
tions of such boards to prevent the intro-
duction of contagious or infectious dis
eases into the United States from foreign
countries, and into one State from an-
other ; and at such ports and places within
the United States as have no quarantine
regulations under State authority, where
such regulations are, in the opinion of the
Board, necessary to prevent the introduc-
tion of contagious or infectious diseases
into the United States from foreign
countries, or into one State from another,
and at such ports and places within the
United States where quarantine regula-
tions exist under the authority of the
State, which, in the opinion of the said
Board, are not sufficient to prevent the
introduction of such diseases into the Uni-
ted States, or into one State from another ;
the National Board of Health must report
the facts to the President of the United
States, who must, if in his judgment it
is necessary and proper, order said Board
to make such additional rules and regu-
lations as are necessary to prevent the
introduction of such diseases into the Uni-
ted States from foreign countries, or into
one State from another, which regula-
tions, when so made and approved by the
President, must be promulgated by the
National Board of Health, and enforced
by the sanitary authorities of the States,
where the State authorities will under-
take to execute and enforce them ; but if
the State authorities shall fail or refuse
to enforce said rules and regulations, the

160

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

President may detail an officer or appoint
a proper person for that purpose.

The Board of Health must make such
rules and regulations as are authorized
by the laws of the United States and
necessary to be observed by vessels at
the port of departure and on the voyage,
where such vessels sail from any foreign

Eort or place at which contagious or in-
jctious diseases exist to any port or
place in the United States, to secure the
best sanitary condition of such vessel, her
cargo, passengers, and crew ; and when
said rules and regulations have been ap-
proved by the President, they must be
published, and communicated to and en-
forced by the consular officers of the Uni-
ted States :

Provided, That none of the penalties
imposed by law shall attach to any ves-
sel, or any owner or officer thereof, till
the act. and the rules and regulations
made in pursuance thereof shall have
been officially promulgated for at least
ten days in the port from which said ves-
sel sailed.

It is the duty of the National Board
of Health to obtain information of the
sanitary condition of foreign ports and
places from which contagious and infec-
tious diseases are or may be imported
into the United States, and to this end
the consular officers of the United States
at such ports and places as shall be des-
ignated by the Board, are required to
make to said Board weekly reports of the
sanitary condition of the ports and places
at which they are respectively stationed.
The Board of Health must also obtain,
through all sources accessible, including
State and municipal sanitary authorities
throughout the United States, weekly re-
ports of the sanitary condition of ports
and places within the United States ; and
prepare, publish, and transmit to the
medical officers of the Marine Hospital
Service, to Collectors of Customs, and to
State and municipal health officers and
authorities, weekly abstracts of the con-
sular sanitary reports and other pertinent
information received by said Board ; and
must also, as far as it may be able, by
means of the voluntary co-operation of
State and municipal authorities, of pub-
lic associations and private persons, pro-
cure information relating to the climatic
and other conditions affecting the public
health ; and must make to the Secretary
of the Treasury an annual report of its
operations for transmission to Congress,
with such recommendations as it may
deem important to the public interests ;

and said report, if ordered to be printed
by Congress, is to be done under the di-
rection of the Board.

The National Board of Health must,
from time to time, issue to the consular
officers of the United States and to the
medical officers serving at any foreign
port, and otherwise make publicly known,
the rules and regulations made by it and
approved by the President, to be used and
complied with by vessels in foreign ports
for securing the best sanitary condition
of such vessels, their cargoes, {passengers,
and crews, before their departure for any
port in the United States, and in the
course of the voyage ; and all such other
rules and regulations as shall be observed
in the inspection of the same on the ar-
rival thereof at any quarantine station at
the port of destination, and for the disin-
fection and isolation of the same, and the
treatment of cargo and persons on board,
so as to prevent the introduction of chol-
era, yellow fever, or other contagious or
infectious diseases.

It is the duty of the State and local
health authorities to take the initiative
in adopting rules and regulations for pre-
venting the spread of contagious diseases.
The National Board of Health has made
certain recommendations for such rules,
which it has printed, and which indicate
the minimum amount of precaution to be
taken. A State or local authority may
make more stringent rules than those
recommended ; and if they are too strin-
gent, even to absolute non-intercourse,
the National Board of Health has no
power to interfere. It is only when a
State or local authority refuses to take
even the precaution considered indispen-
sable by the National Board of Health
that it can take action legally in the mat-
ter. The Board is not expected to do all
the work of prevention, nor to pay for
doing of such work. The State and'local
boards have to do first all in their respect-
ive powers, and then the National Board
of Health will come in to supplement
their efforts to aid and co-operate in the
terms of the law. And it is therefore the
duty of State and local authorities to
keep the National Board of Health fully
informed on the following points :

1. As to what rules and regulations
they have adopted ;

2. As to how far they can carry out
the rules and regulations : and

3. As to what aid they think it is neces-
sary that the National Board shall fur-
nish in order that proper rules and regu-
lations may be enforced ; and with regard

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

161

to this request for aid details must be
given.

The National Board of Health cannot
place money in the hands of a local
board to be expended at the discretion of
the latter. It must be known what the
money is to be used for, whether it is for
the hire of inspectors or police, for the
purchase of disinfectants, for the erection
of sheds, for the purpose of establishing
local quarantine, etc.

The Board must use all its power to
prevent the spread of yellow fever by aid-
ing State and municipal boards of health
in their efforts to discover the first cases,
to isolate them, and thus stamp out the
disease, as well as carry out the usual
systems of quarantine.

Compared with the power possessed by
the local authorities, tnat of the National
Board of Health is, as above demon-
strated, very small and limited.

OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES NATIONAL BOARD OF
HEALTH.

Per AL:ium.
Chief clerk $2000.00

1 clerk 1800.00

2 clerks, each 1600.00

3 " " 1200.00

12 sanitary inspectors, each, per diem.. 10. Ou

1 sanitary inspector, per month 300.00

1 " " " 200.00

1 messenger, per month 60.00

1 " " 35.00

1 laborer, per diem 1,25

WAE DEPARTMENT.

The Secretary of War is the head of
this Department.

The War Department was established
by the act of Congress of August 7,
1789.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE SECRE-
TARY OP WAR.

The Secretary of War performs such
iuties as are enjoined on or intrusted to
him by the President relative to military
commissions, the military forces, the war-
like stores of the United States, and other
matters respecting military affairs, and
conducts, under the direction of the Pres-
ident, the business of the War Depart-
ment.

It is the duty of the' Secretary of War
to cause all flags, standards, and colors
captured from the enemies of the United
States to be transmitted to the seat of
Government, where they are preserved.

He controls the transportation of
troops, munitions of war, equipments,
military property and stores throughout
the United States.

He defines and prescribes the kinds as
well as the amount of supplies to be pur-
chased by the Subsistence and Quarter-
master Departments of the army, and the
duties and powers thereof respecting such
purchases ; and it is his duty to prescribe
general regulations for the transportation
of the articles of supply from the places
of purchase to the armies, garrisons,
posts, and recruiting places, for the safe-
keeping of such articles, and for the dis-
tribution and timely supply of the same
to the regimental quartermasters, and
other officers to be intrusted therewith ;
and to fix and make reasonable allow-
ances for the store-rent and storage neces-
sary for the safe-keeping of all military
stores and supplies.

He is authorized to furnish to non-com-
missioned officers and privates who served
in the army of the United States during
the Rebellion of 1861, and who have lost
162

their certificates of discharge, or when the
same have been destroyed without the
fault of the soldier, duplicates of such
certificates of discharge, on application,
satisfactory proof of such loss or destruc-
tion first to be furnished ; but such du-
plicate certificate shall not be accepted as
a voucher for the payment of any claim
against the United States for pay, bounty,
or other allowance, or as evidence in any
other case.

He is authorized to detail one or more
of the employes of the War Department
for the purpose of administering the
oaths required by law in the settlement
of officers' accounts for clothing, camp
and garrison equipage, quartermaster's
stores, and ordnance, which oaths must
be administered without expense to the
persons taking them.

It is his duty to make an annual report
to Congress, containing a statement of
the appropriations of the preceding fiscal
year for the War Department, showing
the amount appropriated under each spe-
cific head ; the amount expended under
each head, and the balance which re-
mained unexpended on the 30th of June
preceding. Also to lay before Congress,
at the commencement of each regular
session, a statement of all contracts
for supplies or services which have been
made by him, or under his direction,
during the year preceding, and a state-
ment of the expenditure of the moneys
appropriated for the contingent expenses
of the military establishment.

Whenever he invites proposals for any
works, or for any materials or labor for
any work, it is his duty to report to Con-
gress, at its next session, all bids there-
for, with the names of the bidders.

There must be separate proposals and
separate contracts for each work and class
of material or labor.

He must cause to be prepared and sub-
mitted to Congress, in connection with
the reports of examinations and surveys

WAR DEPARTMENT.

163

of rivers and harbors, made by order of
Congress, full statements of all existing
facts tending to show to what extent the
general commerce of the country will be
promoted by the works of improvements
contemplated by such examinations and
surveys, to the end that public moneys
shall not be applied excepting where
such improvements shall tend to subserve
the general commercial and navigation
interests of the United States.

He must lay before Congress, on or
before the first Monday in February of
each year, an abstract of the returns of
the adjutants-general of the several States
of the militia thereof.

It is his duty to organize a board of
five members, to consist of three officers
of the army and two persons from civil
life, to frame regulations for the govern-
ment of the prisoners confined in the
Military Prison at Rock Island, Illinois.

The Secretary of War and the Com-
missioners must visit said prison semi-
annually, and as much oftener as may be
deemed expedient, for the purposes of
examination, inspection, and correction ;
and they must inquire into all abuses or
neglect of duty on the part of the officers
or other persons in charge of the same,
and make such changes in the general
discipline of the prison as they may hold
to be essential.

It is his duty to give such directions to
the adjutants-general of the militia of the
several States as may in his opinion be
necessary to produce a uniformity in the
returns made by them of the militia,
arms, accoutrements, and ammunition.

He may enter into contract, in open
market, for bunting of American manu-
facture, for a period not exceeding one
year, and at a price not exceeding that at
which an article of equal quality can be
imported.

It is his duty to cause and require every
contract made by him, or by any officer
appointed by him to make contracts, to be
reduced to writing, and signed by the
contracting parties with their names, a
copy of each of which must be filed in the
Returns Office of the Department of the
Interior, within thirty days, together with
all bids, offers, and proposals.

It is his duty to furnish every officer
appointed by him with authority to make
contracts on behalf of the Government
with a printed letter of instructions, set-
ting forth the duties of such officer.

NATIONAL CEMETERIES.

He is authorized to purchase such real
estate as in his judgment is suitable and
necessary for National Cemeteries.

He is required to cause to be erected
at the principal entrance of each National
Cemetery a suitable building, to be occu-
pied as a porter's lodge ; and to appoint a
meritorious and trustworthy superintend-
ent, who must be an honorably discharged
disabled soldier, non-commissioned or
commissioned officer of the regular or
volunteer army, to reside therein, for the
purpose of guarding and protecting the
cemetery and giving information to per-
sons visiting the same.

List of the Names of the National Cemeteries, the Salary allowed the Superintendent
of each, and their Post- Office Address.

Name.

Salary of
Superintendents
per Annum.

Post-Office.

Alexandria, La

$840 00

Alexandria La

Alexandria, Va

840 00

Andersonville, Ga

900 00

Andersonville Ga.

Annapolis, Md ..

780 00

Antietam, Md

900.00

Sharpsburg, Md

Arlington, Va

900 00

Ball's Bluff, Va

25.00

Leesburg, Va

Barrancas, Fla

780 00

Baton Rouge La

840 00

Battle-Ground, D. C

720 00

Brightwood D C

Beaufort S C

900 00

Beaufort S C

Beverly, N. J

720.00

Beverly N J

Brownsville, Tex..

840 00

Brownsville Tex

Camp Butler 111

780 00

Riverton 111

Camp Nelson, Ky

900 00

Hanly Ky

164

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Name.

Salary of

Superintendents

per Annum.

Post-Office.

Cave Hill, Ky

Chalmette, La

Chattanooga, Tenn

City of Mexico, Mex

City Point, Va

Cold Harbor, Va

Corinth, Miss

Crown Hill, Ind

Culpeper, Va

Cypress Hills, N. Y

Danville, Ky

Danville, Va

Fayetteville, Ark

Finn's Point, N. J

Florence, S. C

Fort Donelson, Tenn

Fort Gibson. Ind. Territory

Fort Harrison, Va

Fort Leavenworth, Kansas

Fort McPherson, Neb

Fort Scott, Kansas

Fort Smith, Ark

Fredericksburg, Va

Gettysburg, Pa

Glendale, Va

Grafton, W. Va

Hampton, Va

Jefferson Barracks, Mo

Jefferson City, Mo

Keokuk, Iowa

Knoxville, Tenn

Laurel, Md

Lebanon, KY

Lexington, Ky

Little Rock, Ark

Logan's Cross-Roads, Ky

Loudon Park, Md

Marietta, Ga

Memphis, Tenn

Mobile, Ala

Mound City, 111

Nashville, Tenn

Natchez, Miss

New Albany, Ind

New Berne, N. C

Philadelphia, Pa

Pittsburg Landing, Tenn

Poplar Grove, Va

Port Hudson, La

Raleigh, N. C

Richmond, Va

Rock Island, 111

Salisbury, N. C

San Antonio, Tex...

Seven Pines, Va.

Soldiers' Home, D. C

Springfield, Mo ,

Staunton, Va ,

Stone River, Tenn ,

Vicksburg, Miss

Wilmington, N. C ,

Winchester, Va

Woodlawn, N. Y

Yorktown, Va

$720.00
900.00
900.00
900.00
840.00
780.00
900.00
720.00
840.00
720.00

No supt.
780.00
780.00
720.00
840.00
780.00
780.00
720.00
840.00
720.00
840.00
840.00
900.00
900.00
720.00
720.00
900.00
900.00
780.00
780.00
840.00

No supt.
720.00
720.00
900.00
840.00
720.00
900.00
900.00
840.00
900.00
900.00
900.00
780.00
840.00
840.00
900.00
900.00
900.00
840.00
900.00

No supt.
900.00
720.00
720.00
900.00
780.00
720.00
900.00
900.00
840.00
840.00

No supt.
780.00

Louisville, Ky.

New Orleans, La.

Chattanooga, Tenn.

City of Mexico, Mex.

City Point, Va.

Richmond, Va.

Corinth, Miss.

Indianapolis, Ind.

Culpeper, Va.

East New York, Kings Co., L. I.

Danville, Ky.

Danville, Va.

Fayetteville, Ark.

Salem, N. J.

Florence, S. C.

Dover, Tenn.

Fort Gibson, Ind. Territory.

Richmond, Va.

Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Cottonwood Springs, Neb.

Fort Scott, Kansas.

Fort Smith, Ark.

Fredericksburg, Va.

Gettysburg, Pa.

Glendale, Va.

Grafton, West Va.

Hampton, Va.

Jefferson Barracks, Mo.

Jefferson City, Mo.

Keokuk, Iowa.

Knoxville, Tenn.

Baltimore, Md.

Lebanon, Ky.

Lexington, Ky.

Little Rock, Ark.

Somerset, Ky.

Carroll, Md.

Marietta, Ga.

Memphis, Tenn.

Mobile, Ala.

Mound City, 111.

Madison, Tenn.

Natchez, Miss.

New Albany, Ind.

New Berne, N. C.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Hamburg, Tenn.

Petersburg, Va.

Port Hudson, La.

Raleigh, N. C.

Richmond, Va.

Rock Island, 111.

Salisbury, N. C.

San Antonio, Tex.

Richmond, Va.

Washington, D. C.

Springfield, Mo.

Staunton, Va.

Murfreesboro', Tenn.

Vicksburg, Miss.

Wilmington, N. C.

Winchester, Va.

Elmira, N. Y.

Yorktown, Va.

NOTE. In addition to their salary, superintendents are allowed quarters and fuel free.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

165

ORGANIZATION OF OFFICE OF SECRE-
TARY OF WAR.

The Office of the Secretary of War is
composed of the following divisions :

CHIEF CLERK.

The Chief Clerk has general charge of
the clerical force and business of the
office. The official mails are sent through
the Chief Clerk, and all business, not
strictly military in character, is sub-
mitted by him to the Secretary for his
decision.

Whenever the Secretary of War shall
be removed from office by the President
of the United States, or in any other case
of vacancy, the Chief Clerk, during such
vacancy, has the charge and custody of
all records, books, and papers appertain-
ing to the War Department ; and when
from illness or other cause the Secretary
is temporarily absent, he may authorize
the Chief Clerk to sign requisitions upon
the Treasury Department, and other
papers, the same to be of the same force
and effect as if signed by the Secretary
of War himself.

DISBURSING CLERK.

The Disbursing Clerk pays all civil
salaries in the Department, disburses all
the contingent funds, and the miscella-
neous appropriations under the immediate
control of the War Department proper,
and has charge of the official mail and
postage accounts, stationery, and office
supplies.

CORRESPONBENCE DIVISION.

This Division has charge of all corre-
spondence of every character ; embracing
communications to and from Congress,
other Executive Departments, State au-
thorities, representatives of foreign Gov-
ernments, societies, private citizens, etc.

DIVISION OF RECORDS AND FILES.

This Division, as its name indicates, is
charged with the recording and custody
of all official documents and papers be-
longing to the Department proper.

DIVISION OF REQUISITIONS, ESTIMATES,
ACCOUNTS, ETC. ARMY OFFICER IN
CHARGE (ARMY PAY).

This division keeps all appropriation
accounts ; makes requisitions on the Treas-
ury ; prepares estimates; records and

verifies all deposits of public moneys by
officers of the army, and examines and re-
ports upon all claims of States for expendi-
tures made for the benefit of the United
States during the Rebellion of 1861.

In addition to the foregoing, there are
under the office proper :

The General Library,

The Law Library,

The Document Rooms, and

The Military Academy Division,
which is a kind of joint office with the
Adjutant-General's Department.

FORCE OP THE SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk and superintendent ...$2750

Disbursing clerk 2000

Stenographer 1800

2 chief clerks of division, each 2000

5 clerks, each 1800

4 " " 1600

4 " " 1400

12 " " 1200

1 clerk 1000

8 assistant messengers, each 720

7 laborers, each 660

6 watchmen, each 720

REBEL ARCHIVE BRANCH.

Its duties consist in the examination
of original papers captured from or sur-
rendered by Confederate officers or the
Confederate Government. Its services
have proved of great value since the close
of the War of the Rebellion, affording the
means of proving the disloyalty of per-
sons presenting claims of various kinds,
and thus preventing their payment by
the Government.

An appropriation of $6600 is made
annually, and it is apportioned as follows :

Per Annum.

1 clerk $1600

1 " 1400

3 clerks, each 1200

REBELLION RECORDS UNION AND
CONFEDERATE.

There is appropriated for the fiscal
year 1881 the sum of $40,490 for con-
tinuing the preparation of the publication
of the official records of the War of the
Rebellion, both of the Union and Confed-
erate armies ; and the number of clerks
and other employes engaged thereon is
limited as follows :

2 clerks, each.

1 clerk

1 " .

Per Annum.

$1800

1600

1400

.. 1200

166

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.

$1000

900

1600

1200

1000

720

2 clerks, each

12 copyists, each

1 foreman of printing

1 pressman ,

6 compositors, each

2 assistant messengers, each..

1 watchman 720

1 agent for the collection of Confederate

records.... .. 2400

ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

BUSINESS.

The business in general of the Adju-
tant-General's office is the organization
and management of armies. It is the
branch through which the orders affect-
ing the military establishment are issued,
and where the records and archives of
the army and of wars are kept and pre-
served. It conducts the recruiting and
mustering services, and keeps all the rolls
and returns required in the military ser-
vice, which consist of a great variety ;
the principal ones of which are : muster-
in rolls for volunteers and regulars ; mus-
ter-out rolls ; allotment rolls ; monthly
returns, company and regimental ; post
returns, including hospitals and rendez-
vous ; returns for armies, departments,
corps, divisions, brigades ; return of men
joined company ; return of deceased
soldiers ; return of casualties ; company
muster and pay rolls (every two months) ;
muster and pay roll, field, staff, and band ;
muster and pay roll hospital department ;
description lists ; certificates of disability ;
final statements ; discharges ; pay ac-
counts for discharged soldiers ; non-com-
missioned officers' warrant roll; company
morning report ; consolidated morning
report for corps, divisions, brigades, and
regiments; tri-raonthly report; roll of
prisoners of war ; descriptive list of de-
serters, etc.

The Adjutant-General's Office furnishes
statements of service and military his-
tory to the Auditors of the Treasury,
Commissioner of Pensions, the Paymas-
ter-General, Commissary-General, Quar-
termaster-General, and officers of the
Adjutant-General's Department.

It answers inquiries of near relatives
of soldiers, so far as to give information
of the month when last heard from,
whether present or absent, sick or well,
and the post-office address.

A large number and variety of ac-
counts, returns, etc., are made by recruit-
ing and mustering officers to the Adjutant-
General, and through him to the 'Second
and Third Auditors of the Treasury, to

the Quartermaster and Commissary-Gen-
eral, and to the Chief of Ordnance.

Under the head " The Army" will be
found the organization of the Adjutant-
General's Department of the.army.

The Adjutant-General's Office is divided
for convenience and the despatch of busi-
ness into five divisions, namely :

Records, Telegrams, Miscellany.

Miscellaneous Correspondence.

Appointments, Commissions, Person-
nel.

Volunteer Service, Rolls, etc.

Enlisted Men.

Each division is in charge either of the
Adjutant-General or an Assistant Adju-
tant-General.

OFFICERS OF THE ARMY.

The Adjutant-General, with rank of

brigadier-general Army Pay.

1 assistant adjutant-general, with

rank of colonel " "

3 assistant adjutants-general, with

rank of major " "

CIVILIAN FORCE.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $2000

11 clerks, each 1800

17 " " 1600

35 " " 1400

151 " " 1200

6 " " 1000

4 watchmen, each 720

8 assistant messengers, each 720

2 firemen, each 720

1 laborer 660

30 clerks, each, per month 100

ENLISTED MEN.

78 enlisted men (general service), serv-
ing as clerks

60 enlisted men (general service), serv-
ing as messengers and watchmen

NOTE. The pay and allowances per annum
of enlisted men serving in the Adjutant-Gen-
eral's Office and other branches of the War
Department, as clerks and messengers, amount
as follows :

CLERKS.

Sergeants. Privates.

Pay $1055.25 $1007.25

Clothing... 37.78 36.09

Total $1093.03 $1043.34

$892.50
36.09

$928.59

The above amounts are paid during the first
and second years of service. During the third
year each grade receives $12 additional, fourth
year $24, and fifth year $36. For each year
of a second enlistment, for a period of five
years, each grade receives $60 additional; for a
third enlistment of five years $72; and for a
fourth enlistment of five years $84; and $12 a

WAR DEPARTMENT.

167

fear additional to $84 for every succeeding en-
listment.

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR-GENERAL.

DUTIES.

The duty of the Inspector-General's
Office is to inspect the army, its arms,
large and small, accoutrements, the
clothing of the soldiers, their tents, bar-
racks, and quarters, the state of the dif-
ferent corps in drill, discipline, the care
of their arms, etc.

It is the duty of one of the Inspectors
of the army to visit at least once in three
months the Military Prison at Rock
Island, Illinois, for the purpose of ex-
amining into the books and all the affairs
thereof, and ascertaining whether the
laws, rules, and regulations relating
thereto are complied with, the officers
competent and faithful, the convicts
properly governed and employed, and
treated with humanity and kindness,
and make full report on these points to
the Secretary of War.

ARMY AND CIVILIAN FORCE EM-
PLOYED.

Inspector-General, with rank of

brigadier-general Army Pay.

1 assistant inspector-general, with

rank of colonel "

Per Annum.

1 clerk $1800

1 assistant messenger 720

1 enlisted man for clerical service.

BUREAU OF MILITARY JUSTICE.

This is the law office of the War De-
partment. It is the duty of the Judge-
Advocate-General to receive, revise, and
cause to be recorded the proceedings of
all courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and
military commissions, and to prepare
opinions on questions of law submitted
to him by the President of the United
States or the Secretary of War.

ARMY AND CIVILIAN FORCE.

Judge-Advocate-General, with rank

of brigadier-general Army Pay.

2 judge-advocates,with rank of major "

Per Annum.

1 chief clerk $1800

1 clerk 1600

1 " 1200

1 assistant messenger 720

3 enlisted men for clerical service.

SIGNAL OFFICE.

The Chief Signal Officer has charge,
under the direction of the Secretary of
War, of all signal duty, military tele-
graphs, sea-coast service, i.e., signal sta-
tions established at light-houses, and at
life-saving stations, connected by tele-
graph lines for signal-service purposes,
and the taking of meteorological obser-
vations.

The Signal Service is divided into four
branches, viz. : The School of Instruc-
tion, the Signal Corps proper, Military
Telegraphs and Sea-Coast Service, and
the Meteorological.

The School of Instruction is located at
Fort Whipple, Virginia, opposite Wash-
ington, on a portion of the Arlington
estate. This is a school where the prac-
tical duties of the soldier are taught, as
well as the manoeuvring of field telegraph
trains, rapid telegraph construction,
management of all signal apparatus used
in the field, use of instruments for taking
meteorological observations, ami practi-
cal telegraphy.

In the Signal Corps proper officers and
enlisted men skilled in all the uses of the
appliances for signal duty are with the
army, but it is during war, when actual
campaigns and military operations are in
progress, that this corps is most valuable ;
although in time of peace their services
are frequently required.

The uses of the Military Telegraph and
Sea-Coast Service may be well under-
stood by the name, the first for rapid
communication of intelligence and orders
pertaining to military affairs, and the
latter of wrecks, marine disasters, and in
aid of and in connection with the saving
of lives of mariners.

The Meteorological or Weather Bureau,
which is familiar to every one, conducts
the observations taken at the large num-
ber of signal stations (about 170) which
have been established, and by a system of
telegraphs and marine signals daily gives
intelligence of the approach and force of
storms, of freshets, and the condition of
the principal rivers in the United States.

It is hardly worth while to elaborate
on this service, as it is the one branch of
the public service with which the people
are more familiar than any other.

The Signal Service Bureau publishes
large numbers of bulletins, charts,
weather reviews and chronicles. The
annual report of the same is a large
octavo volume of 600 pages, with illus-
trations, maps, and charts.

168

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The Chief Signal Officer may cause to
be sold any surplus maps or publications
of the Signal Office, the money received
therefor to be applied towards defraying
the expenses of the Signal Service, an
account thereof to be rendered in his re-
port.

FORCE IN THE SIGNAL OFFICE AND
SERVICE.

Civil Employes.

Per Annum.

2 clerks, each $1800

1 assistant messenger 720

Army Officers.

Chief Signal Officer, with rank of

brigadier-general Army Pay.

4 first lieutenants of artillery "

1 " lieutenant of cavalry "

1 " " infantry "

Enlisted Men.

150 sergeants, 30 corporals, and 320 privates.
(For pay-table, see page 165.)

Candidates for enlistment are required
to pass a preliminary educational exami-
nation, and if accepted, they are sent
to Fort Whipple for drill and instruc-
tion.

QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S
OFFICE.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

It is the duty of the officers of the
Quartermaster's Department, under the
direction of the Secretary of War, to pur-
chase and distribute to the army all
military stores and supplies requisite for
its use which other corps are not directed
by law to provide : to furnish means of
transportation for the army, its military
stores and supplies, and to provide for
and pay all incidental expenses of the
military service which other corps are
not directed to provide for and pay.

The military stores and supplies pur-
chased and distributed include clothing,
camp and garrison equipage, fuel, forage,
straw, and nearly everything used in the
army, except rations (which are furnished
by the Subsistence Department) and
arms.

The Quartermaster-General may em-
ploy as many forage-masters and wagon-
masters, not exceeding twenty, as he may
deem necessary, who are entitled to $40
per month and three rations per day, and
forage for one horse each.

No officer of the Quartermaster's De-

partment shall be concerned, directly or
"ndirectly, in the purchase or sale of any
article intended for or appertaining to said
Department or service except on account
of the United States, nor take or apply to
his own use any gain or emolument for
negotiating or transacting any business
connected with the duties of his office,
other than that which maybe allowed by
law.

It is the duty of the Quartermaster-
General to prescribe and enforce, under
the direction of the Secretary of War, a
system of accountability for all quarter-
master's supplies to the army, or to offi-
cers, seamen, and marines; and to ac-
count to the Secretary of War, at least
once in three months, for all property
and money that may pass through his
hands, or the hands of his subordinate
officers.

It is the duty of every officer who re-
ceives clothing or camp equipage for the
use of his command, or for issue to the
troops, to render to the Quartermaster-
General, at the end of each quarter year,
returns of such supplies, according to the
forms prescribed, accompanied by the
requisite vouchers for any issues made ;
and it is the duty of the Quartermaster-
General (through his subordinates) to ex-
amine and transmit them for settlement
to the proper accounting officer of the
Treasury Department (the Third Audi-
tor). ^

It is the duty of the officers of the
Quartermaster's Department to furnish,
upon the requisition of the naval or
marine officer commanding any detach-
ment of seamen or marines under orders
to act on shore, in co-operation with land
troops, and during the time such detach-
ment is so acting, or proceeding to act,
the officers and seamen with camp equip-
age, transportation for said officers, sea-
men, and marines, their baggage, pro-
visions, and cannon, and to furnish the
naval officer commanding such detach-
ment, and his necessary aides,with horses,
accoutrements, and forage.

Permanent barracks, or quarters and
buildings, and structures of a permanent
nature, are not to be constructed, unless
approved by Congress, and a special ap-
propriation is made for the same, except
when constructed by the troops.

It is the duty of the Quartermaster's
Department, in obtaining supplies for the
military service, to state, in all adver-
tisements for bids for contracts, that a
preference will be given for articles of
domestic production and manufacture,

WAR DEPARTMENT.

169

conditions of price and quality being
equal, and that such preference will be
given to articles of American production
and manufacture produced on the Pacific
coast to the extent of the consumption
required by the public service there ; and
to require all articles which are to be
used in the States and Territories of the
Pacific coast to be delivered and inspected
at points designated in those States and
Territories ; and the advertisements for
such supplies must be published in news-
papers of the cities of San Francisco,
California, and Portland, Oregon.

REGULATIONS, ETC.

The following regulations governing
the rendition of property-returns and the
settlement of property-accounts (Quarter-
master's Department) are in force : The
quarterly return of quartermaster's stores
is made in duplicate, one copy, with ab-
stracts and vouchers complete, to be for-
warded to the Quartermaster-General
within twenty days after the expiration
of the quarter to which it pertains, the
other copy to be retained by the officer
for his own protection.

As soon as possible after its receipt by
the Quartermaster-General, the return
will be examined in his office, and sus-
pensions or disallowances will nrjt be
made on account of slight informalities
which do not affect the validity of a
voucher, but the officer's attention will
be directed to them by suitable advisory
remarks.

The examination having been com-
pleted, the officer making the return will
be notified of all errors and irregularities
found therein, and granted three months,
if stationed east of the Rocky Mountains,
or six months, if serving west thereof, to
correct them. If the necessary correc-
tions in the return be not made within
the prescribed time, the proper command-
ing officer shall be requested by the Quar-
termaster-General to appoint a Board of
Survey to ascertain the value of any ar-
ticles for which the officer fails to account,
and as soon as the valuations are re-
ceived by the Quartermaster-General, the
Paymaster-General will be requested to
stop their amount from the pay of the de-
linquent officer, and the Paymaster-Gen-
eral will notify the Quartermaster-Gen-
eral of the stoppage, which notice will be
filed with the officer's return.

As soon as the return shall have been
fully corrected, it shall be forwarded to
the Third Auditor of the Treasury for

settlement, under the direction of the
Secretary of War, accompanied by a re-
port of errors, and the manner in which
they have been removed, including a
statement of the ascertained money value
of the deficient articles of property.

Upon receipt of the return by the Au-
ditor, it will be examined so far as to
ascertain if the quantities of public prop-
erty and stores on hand at the date of
the last return are correctly restated in
the present return, and a report of
any errors in such restatement will be
promptly transmitted to the Quartermas-
ter-General, who will take such measures
for their correction as herein prescribed
for errors in other portions of the return.

The Third Auditor, reviewing the re-
marks and the action of the Quartermas-
ter-General upon the errors and irregu-
larities contained in the return, will
submit any portion thereof that he may
deem necessary, with his own views, to
the Secretary of War.

Whenever the errors have been cor-
rected, or compensation therefor made as
provided, and the action of the Quarter-
master-General concurred in by the Au-
ditor, or sustained or modified by the
Secretary of War, the return will be re-
garded as settled, and the Auditor will
so certify to the Quartermaster-General,
for the information of himself and of the
officer concerned.

The return, abstracts, vouchers, and
supplementary papers will remain in the
custody of the Third Auditor, subject at
all times to their temporary recall by the
Quartermaster-General, or to the inspec-
tion of any person duly authorized by
that officer or by the Secretary of War.

The return of provisions, and return
of commissary property, will be made
and forwarded to the office of the Com-
missary-General of Subsistence as here-
tofore, where a similar course of exami-
nation and action shall be taken upon
them as is prescribed in these regulations.

The returns of engineer property will
be made, in duplicate, and forwarded to
the Chief of Engineers for his action,
who will, after examination, transmit
them as provided for in these regulations.

There are in force very minute regula-
tions for the transportation of troops,
military stores, and material for the
United States army, and to facilitate set-
tlement with railroad and other transpor-
tation companies for transportation ser-
vice. Also for the settlement of money
accounts, and relating to clothing, camp,
and garrison equipage.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Under the head of "The Army" will
be found the number and rank of officers
of the Quartermaster's Department.

QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT AT
LARGE.

There are employed by the several
Quartermasters at the military posts,
statons, and depots a large number of
civilian employes, aggregating about 400
persons; including clerks, superintend-
ents, agents, veterinary surgeons, wagon
and forage masters, civil engineers,
draughtsmen, forage inspectors, masters
of transports, stablemen, watchmen, en-
gineers, storekeepers, janitors, draymen,
firemen, deck-hands, carpenters, wheel-
wrights, yard-masters, blacksmiths, copy-
ists, messengers, laborers, teamsters, etc.,
who are paid the usual salaries allowed
the several classes of employes.

FORCE OF QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

Army Officers.

Quartermaster- General, with rank

of brigadier-general Army Pay.

1 assistant quartermaster-general,

with rank of colonel "

2 deputy quartermasters-general,

with rank of lieutenant-colonel
1 quartermaster, with rank of major
1 assistant quartermaster, with

rank of captain (mounted)

Civilian Employee.

Per Annum.

1 chief clerk and superintendent $2750

7 clerks, each 1800

1 draughtsman 1800

9 clerks, each 1600

24 " " 1400

48 " " 1200

20 copyists, each 900

1 female messenger 480

1 messenger 840

2 assistant messengers, each 720

6 laborers, each 660

1 engineer 1200

1 fireman 720

5 watchmen, each 720

COMMISSARY-GENERAL.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

It is the duty of the officers of the
Commissary or Subsistence Department,
under the direction of the Secretary of
War, to purchase and issue to the army
such supplies as enter into the composi-
tion of the ration (described under the
head of "The Army").

The Secretary of War is authorized to
select from the sergeants of the line whc
have served faithfully for five years,
three years of which in the grade of non-
commissioned officers, as many commis-
sary sergeants as the service may require,
not to exceed one for each military post
or place of deposit of subsistence sup-
plies, whose duty it is to receive and pre-
serve the subsistence supplies at the posts,
under the direction of the proper officers,
and under the regulations prescribed by
the Secretary of War.

The officers of the Subsistence Depart-
ment must furnish rations to the officers,
seamen, and marines of any detachment
under orders to act on shore, in co-opera-
tion with land troops.

They must procure and keep for sale
to officers and enlisted men, at cost
prices, for cash, or on credit, such articles
as may from time to time be designated
by the Inspectors-General of the army.
An account of all sales on credit must be
kept, and the amounts due for the same
reported monthly to the Paymaster-Gen-
eral.

Commissioned officers of the army,
serving in the field, may purchase rations
for their own use from any Commissary
of Subsistence, on credit, at cost prices ;
the amounts due for such purchases to
be reported monthly to the Paymaster-
General.

It is the duty of the Commissaries of
Subsistence to furnish tobacco to the en-
listed men of the army, at cost prices,
exclusive of the cost of transportation, in
such quantities as they require, not ex-
ceeding sixteen ounces per month.

Officers of the Subsistence Department
are by law prohibited from being con-
cerned, directly or indirectly, in the pur-
chase or sale of any article entering into
the composition of the ration, or of any
article designated by the Inspectors-Gen-
eral of the army, and furnished for sale
to officers and enlisted men at cost prices,
or of tobacco furnished to enlisted men,
except on account of the United States j
and from applying to their own use any
gain or emolument for negotiating or
transacting any business connected with
the duties of their office other than that
allowed by law.

Contracts for subsistence supplies for
the army made by the Commissary -Gen-
eral, on public notice, must provide for a
complete delivery of such articles, on in-
spection, at such places as are stipu-
lated.

No contract for the purchase of subsist-

WAR DEPARTMENT.

171

ence supplies can be made to exceed the
necessities of the current year.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSARY-
GENERAL.

Army Officers.

Commissary- General of Subsistence,

with rank of brigadier-general. .Army Pay.

2 commissaries of subsistence, with

rank of major of cavalry "

1 commissary of subsistence, with

rank of captain of cavalry "

Civilian Employes.

Per Annum.
1 chief clerk $2000

1 clerk 1800

3 clerks, each 1600

3 " " 1400

10 " " 1200

2 " " 1000

1 nssistant messenger 720

2 watchmen, each 720

2 laborers, each..... 660

1 clerk and superintendent 1650

5 enlisted men for clerical service.

SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

Employe's at the military posts, depots,
stations, etc. :

Per Annum.
,51 clerks, with compensation

ranging from $600 to $1800

8 storekeepers, with compensation

rangingfrom 600 to 1620

1 mechanic 1200

1 " 720

8 coopers, with compensation

rangingfrom 720 to 900

17 messengers, with compensation

rangingfrom 180 to 900

26 laborers, with compensation

rangingfrom 420 to 1020

6 watchmen, with compensation

rangingfrom 360 to 600

PAYMASTER-GENERAL.-PAY DE-
PARTMENT.

DUTIES, BUSINESS, ETC.

The Paymaster-General of the army
performs the duties of his office under the
direction of the President of the United
States.

Officers of the Pay Department are
not entitled, by virtue of their rank, to
command in th<
corps.

line, or in other staff

When volunteers, or militia, are called
into the service of the United States, and
the officers of the Paymaster's Depart-

ment are not deemed by the President
sufficient for the punctual payment of
the troops, he may appoint, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, and
add to said corps as many paymasters, to
be called additional paymasters, with the
rank of major, not exceeding one for
every two regiments of volunteers or
militia, as he may deem necessary; they
to be retained in service only so long as
they may be required for the payment of
volunteers or militia.

It is the duty of the Deputy Paymas-
ters-General (of which there are two), in
addition to paying the troops, to super-
intend the payment of armies in the
field.

It is the duty of Paymasters and addi-
tional Paymasters to pay the regular
troops and all other troops in the service
of the United States, when required to do
so by order of the President.

The army must be so paid that the
arrears shall at no time exceed two
months, unless circumstances shall
render further arrears unavoidable.

Paymasters and additional Paymasters
are allowed a capable non-commissioned
officer, or private, as clerk ; but when
they are not procurable, they are allowed,
with the approbation of the Secretary of
War, to employ citizens as clerks, at a
salary of $1200 a year each.

FORCE IN THE PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

Army Officers.

Paymaster-General, with rank of

brigadier-general Army Pay.

4 paymasters, with rank of major... "

Civilian Employes.

Per Annum.

1 chief clerk $2000

1 clerk and superintendent 2050

5 clerks, each 1800

6 " " 1600

12 " " 1400

9 " " 1200

3 " " 1000

1 assistant messenger 720

2 watchmen, each 720

3 laborers, each 660

1 enlisted man for clerical service.

SURGEON-GENERAL.-MEDICAL DE-
PARTMENT.

The Surgeon -General of the army is
charged with the superintendence and
direction of all military hospitals, and
generally of all medical and chirurgical

172

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

practice or service concerning the Army
of the United States, and of all persons
employed in the same, in camps, garri-
sons, and hospitals.

All reports, returns, and communica-
tions connected with the Medical Depart-
ment are made to the Surgeon-General's
Office, and all orders and instructions
relative to the duties of the officers of the
medical staff are issued through the Sur-
geon-General.

It is the province of this office to direct
the supply to hospitals of furniture,
medicines, stores, and everything neces-
sary for the comfort, convenience, and
recovery of the sick, and to collect, re-
cord, preserve, and publish the medical
statistics of the army.

The Chief Medical Purveyor has, under
the direction of the Surgeon-General,
supervision of the purchase and distribu-
tion of the hospital and medical supplies
of the army.

The officers of the Medical Department
must unite with the officers of the line,
under such rules as may be prescribed
by the Secretary of War, in superintend-
ing the cooking done by the enlisted men -,
and it is the duty of the Surgeon-General
to promulgate to the officers of the Medi-
cal Corps such regulations and instruc-
tions as may tend to insure the proper
preparation of the ration of the soldier.

It is the duty of the Surgeon-General
to provide, under regulations to be ap-
proved by the Secretary of War, such
quantities of fresh or preserved fruits,
milk, butter, and eggs as may be neces-
sary for the proper diet of the sick in
hospitals ; and to designate such style of
single or double truss to be furnished
every soldier who was ruptured while in
the line of duty as may be best suited for
his disability.

Application for such truss must be
made by the ruptured soldier to an ex-
amining surgeon for pensions, whose
duty it is to examine the applicant, and
when found to have a rupture or hernia,
to prepare and forward to the Surgeon-
General an application for such truss
without charge to the soldier.

One hospital steward is allowed for
each military post, who may be enlisted
in that grade, or appointed by the Secre-
tary of War from the enlisted men of the
army; and the Secretary of War may
cause to be enlisted, or appointed from
the enlisted men of the army, as many
hospital stewards as the service may re-
quire. Hospital stewards must be graded
in first, second, and third classes.

ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM.

This institution, which forms a very
interesting and valuable portion of the
Surgeon-General's Office, derived its ori-
gin from the specimens forwarded by
medical officers, in obedience to a circu-
lar issued by the Surgeon-General, in
May, 1862, requiring to be collected and
forwarded to the office of the Surgeon-
General <k all specimens of morbid anat-
omy, surgical or medical, which may be
regarded as valuable, together with pro-
jectiles, and foreign bodies removed, and
such other matters as may prove of in-
terest in the study of military medicine
or surgery."

The collection is one of the largest and
most valuable of the kind in the world.
It contains also many archives of the
Medical Department. From these and the
specimens collected has been compiled
the " Medical and Surgical History of
the Rebellion," so far as published, a
work recognized as of the highest scien-
tific worth in Europe and in this country.
Several volumes of finely-executed photo-
graphs of specimens in the museum,
illustrative of every kind of surgical in-
jury, modes of repair, and results ob-
tained, have been distributed among
learned societies of Europe, and exhibited
at international exhibitions, which have
received high commendations from men
most eminent in medical and surgical
knowledge.

FORCE OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

Army Officers.
Surgeon-General, with rank of

brigadier-general A rmy Pay.

1 assistant surgeon-general, with

rank of colonel "

1 chief medical purveyor, with rank

of colonel "

3 surgeons, with rank of major "

1 assistant surgeon, with rank of

captain "

Civilian Employes.

Per Annum.
1 chief clerk S2000

8 clerks, each 1800

6 " " 1600

9 " " 1400

106 " " 1200

14 " 1000

1 anatomist in Army Medical Museum... 1600

I engineer 1400

II assistant messengers, each 720

4 watchmen, each 720

40 clerks, each 1000

8 laborers, each 660

22 enlisted men for clerical service.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

173

CHIEF OF ORDNANCE.

DUTIES OF THE CHIEF AND BUSINESS.

It is the duty of the Chief of Ordnance,
subject to the approval of the Secretary
of War, to organize and detail to regi-
ments, corps, or garrisons, such num-
bers of ordnance enlisted men, furnished
with proper tools, carriages, and appa-
ratus, as may be necessary, and to make
regulations for their government. It is
his duty to furnish estimates, and, under
the direction of the Secretary of War, to
make contracts and purchases, for procur-
ing the necessary supplies of ordnance and
ordnance stores for the use of the armies of
the United States ; to direct the inspection
and proving of the same, and to direct
the construction of all cannon and car-
riages, ammunition-wagons, travelling-
forges, artificers' wagons, and of every
implement and apparatus for ordnance,
and the preparation of all kinds of
ammunition and ordnance stores con-
structed or prepared for said service.

He may establish, under the direction
of the Secretary of War, depots of ord-
nance and ordnance stores in such parts
of the United States, and in such num-
bers, as may be deemed necessary.

The Chief of Ordnance, or the senior
officer of that corps for any district, must
execute all orders of the Secretary of
War, and, in time of war, the orders of
any general or field officer commanding
an army, garrison, or detachment, for
the supply of all ordnance and ordnance
stores for garrison, field, or siege service.

He must, half-yearly, or oftener if so
directed, make a report to the Secretary
of War of all the officers and enlisted
men in his department of the service, and
of all ordnance and ordnance stores under
his control.

Every officer of the Ordnance Depart-
ment, every ordnance storekeeper, every
post ordnance sergeant, each keeper of
magazines, arsenals, and armories, every
assistant and deputy of such, and all
other officers, agents, or persons who shall
have received or who may have been in-
trusted with any stores or supplies, must
quarterly, or oftener, if so directed, and
in such manner and on such forms as
may be directed or prescribed by the
Chief of Ordnance, make true and cor-
rect returns to the Chief of Ordnance of
all ordnance arms, ordnance stores, and
all other supplies and property of every
kind received by or intrusted to them
and each of them, or which may in any

manner come into their and each of their
possession or charge.

A very complete system of rules, regu-
lations, and forms, covering every branch
of the subject, was prepared by the Chief
of Ordnance, and published by authority
of the Secretary of War in May, 1877.

The Chief of Ordnance, under the Sec-
retary of War, is charged with the com-
mand, administration, and government of
the Ordnance Department, and is au-
thorized to issue such orders and direc-
tions to its officers, soldiers, and employes
as the necessities of the ordnance service
demand.

He is also charged with the examina-
tion and settlement of the property ac-
countability of all officers or other persons
in the military establishment to whom
ordnance and ordnance stores are in-
trusted.

FORCE OP THE ORDNANCE OFFICE.
Army Officers.

Chief of Ordnance, with rank of

brigadier-general Army Pay.

1 major of ordnance "

Civilian Employes.

Per Annum.
1 chief clerk $2000

1 clerk 1800

2 clerks, each 1600

2 " " 1400

6 " " 1200

2 " " 1000

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer 660

20 enlisted men for clerical service....

ORDNANCE STATIONS.

Ordnance Office, Washington, D. C.

Ordnance Board, New York, N. Y.

Ordnance Agency, New York, N. Y.

The Proving Ground, Sandy Hook,
N. J.

The Department of Ordnance and Gun-
nery at the Military Academy, West
Point, N. Y.

Saint Louis Powder Depot, Jefferson
Barracks, Mo.

National Armory, Springfield, Mass.

Augusta Arsenal, Augusta, Ga.

Benicia Arsenal, Benicia, Cal.

Fort Monroe Arsenal, Fort Monroe, Va.

Fort Union Arsenal, Fort Union, N. M.

Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.

Indianapolis Arsenal, Indianapolis, Ind.

Kennebec Arsenal, Augusta, Me,

New York Arsenal, New York, N. Y.

Pikesville Arsenal, Pikesville, Md.

Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, 111.

174

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

San Antonio Arsenal, San Antonio,
Texas.

Vancouver Arsenal, Vancouver, Wash-
ington Ty.

Washington Arsenal, Washington, D.C.

Watertown Arsenal, Watertown, N. Y.

Watervliet Arsenal, West Troy, N. Y.

ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT AT LARGE.

There are employed at the several ord-
nance stations by the commanding offi-
cers thereof a large number of civilian
employes, aggregating about 500 persons,
including armorers, clerks, draughtsmen,
machinists, foremen, mechanics, engi-
neers, firemen, watchmen, storekeepers,
laborers, teamsters, etc., who receive the
usual yearly pay of their several classes.

CHIEF OF ENGINEERS OF THE ARMY.
-ENGINEER CORPS.

POWERS, DUTIES, AND BUSINESS.

The Chief of Engineers of the army
has power to regulate and determine the
number, quality, form, and dimensions
of the necessary vehicles, pontoons, tools,
implements, arms, and other supplies for
the use of the battalion of engineer sol-
diers. He commands the Corps of Engi-
neers, which is charged with all duties
relating to fortifications ; with torpedoes
for coast defence ; with all works, offen-
sive and defensive ; with all military
bridges, and with such surveys as may
be required for these objects, or the
movements of armies in the field. It is
also charged with river and harbor im-
provements ; with military and geo-
graphical explorations and surveys ; with
the survey of the lakes ; and with such
other engineer work as may be assigned
to it by acts of Congress, or by orders of
the President of the United States.

The Chief of Engineers has charge of
the public buildings and grounds in the
District of Columbia, under such regula-
tions as may be prescribed by the Presi-
dent through the War Department, except
those which are otherwise provided for
by law.

Another officer of Engineers is desig-
nated by the President as Commissioner
of Public Buildings and Grounds.

The following force is employed in the
office of and about the Public Buildings
and Grounds at Washington, D. C. :

Per Annum.

1 clerk $1400

1 messenger 840

Per Annum.

1 gardener $1,600

For foreman and laborers employed 24,000

2 bridge-keepers, each 720

1 watchman, Franklin Square 660

1 " Lafayette " 660

2 watchmen, Smithsonian grounds, each 660
2 night watchmen, Smithsonian grounds,

each 720

1 watchman, Judiciary Square 660

1 Lincoln " 660

1 bridge-keeper, Chain Bridge 660

1 watchman, Iowa Circle 660

1 " Fourteenth Street Circle... 660

1 " Rawlings, McPherson,arm

Farragut Squares, and Washington

Circle 660

1 watchman, Stanton Place 660

The Chief of Engineers has immediate
superintendence of the Washington Aque-
duct, and of all other public works and
improvements in the District of Columbia,
in which the government has an interest,
not otherwise specially provided for by
law. He must keep in his office a com-
plete record of all the lands and other
property connected with or belonging to
the Washington Aqueduct and other
public works under his charge, together
with accurate plans and surveys of the
public grounds and reservations in the
District of Columbia.

It is the duty of the Chief of Engineers
to submit annually the following reports
to the Secretary of War :

First. A report of his operations for
the preceding year, with an account of
the manner in' which all appropriations
for public buildings and grounds have
been applied, including a statement of
the number of public lots sold or remain-
ing unsold each year, of the condition of
the public buildings and grounds, and of
the measures necessary to be taken for
the care and preservation of all public
property under his charge.

Second. A report of the condition,
progress, repairs, casualties, and expen-
ditures of the Washington Aqueduct and
other public works under his charge.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEEU

OF THE ARMY.

Army Officers.
Chief of Engineers, with rank of

brigadier-general Army Pay.

1 lieutenant-colonel of engineers...

1 major of engineers

1 captain

Civilian Employes.

Per Annum.

1 chief clerk $2000

1 clerk and superintendent 1850

4 clerks, each 1800

1 clerk 1600

WAR DEPARTMENT.

175

Per Annum.
3 clerks, each $1400

3 " " 1200

1 clerk 1000

1 assistant messenger 720

2 laborers, each 660

17 enlisted men for clerical service.

WAR DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS.

The following employes are authorized
in connection with the heating, watching,
and cleaning of the several War Depart-
ment buildings:

Per Anmnn.
1 engineer $1200

1 assistant engineer 1000

4 watchmen, each 720

2 laborers, " 660

5 watchmen, Paymaster- General's, each.. 720

1 conductor of elevator 720

2 laborers, Paymaster-General's, each 660

4 watchmen, building Seventeenth and F

Streets, each 720

2 laborers, building Seventeenth and F

Streets, each 660

12 charwomen, new building, each 180

THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT.

In charge of the War Department.

The distributing reservoir is situated
two miles from Georgetown. The water-
surface of the reservoir is 33 acres ca-
pacity, 150,000,000 gallons at depth of
11 feet. From this point the water is
carried by iron mains into the city. The
aqueduct terminates here, and it consists
of a cylindrical conduit, of 9 feet internal
diameter, constructed of stone and brick.
It is laid in hydraulic cement, is covered
by an embankment or tunnelled through
the hills, is carried across the streams by
means of bridges, and has a fall of 9
inches to the mile. The capacity of the
conduit, full, is 80,000,000 gallons every
24 hours. The present mains carry off
30,000,000 gallons. The receiving reser-
voir is a natural basin, formed by an em-
bankment 65 feet high, across Powder
Mill Creek. It has a surface area of 52
acres, greatest depth 53 feet, and its
capacity is 163,000,000 gallons.

CABIN-JOHN BRIDGE.

This structure spans the chasm of
Cabin-John Creek, to facilitate the pas-
sage of the aqueduct, at a height of 101
feet. The bridge is 20 feet wide and 420
feet long, and is a single arch of 220 feet,
with 57 feet rise from the springing line,
built of large blocks of granite, with

Seneca parapets and coping.. The cost
of construction was $237,000.

This great work of art was completed
in 1858. It is unequalled in the history
of bridge-building, and is the largest stone
arch in the world, the second being that
of Grosvenor Bridge, with a span of 200
feet, which crosses the river Dee in Scot-
land. One mile above is Mountain-Spring
Brook, crossed by an elliptical arch of
masonry, 75 feet span. The bridge is 200
feet long, and cost $76,000. The aque-
duct above this point to the river consists
of two tunnels.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION.

This Commission was established by
act of Congress, June 28, 1879, for the
improvement of navigation.

It consists of seven" members, three of
whom must be selected from the Engineer
Corps of the army, one from the Coast
and Geodetic Survey, and three from
civil life, two of whom must be civil
engineers. It is the duty of the Presi-
dent of the United States to designate
one of the Commissioners selected from
the Engineer Corps to be President of
the Commission. The Commissioners
appointed from the Engineer Corps of
the army and the Coast and Geodetic
Survey receive only the pay of their
respective positions in said services, and
the other three receive $3000 per annum
each. Their tenure of office depends
upon the pleasure of the President.

DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIONERS.

It is the duty of the Commissioners to
direct and complete such surveys of the
Mississippi River, between the Head of
the Passes, near its mouth, to its head-
waters, as were in progress at the date of
the establishment of the Commission,
and to make such additional surveys,
examinations, and investigations, topo-
graphical, hydrographical, and hydro-
metrical, of said river and its tributaries
as may be deemed by them necessary to
carry out the objects of the survey ; to
take into consideration and mature such
plans and estimates as will correct, per-
manently locate, and deepen the channel,
and protect the banks of the Mississippi
River ; improve, and give safety and ease
to the navigation thereof; prevent de-
structive floods ; promote and facilitate
commerce, trade, and the postal service ;
and when so prepared and matured, to
submit a full and detailed report to the

176

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Secretary of War of their proceedings
and actions, and of such plans, with
estimates of the cost thereof, to be by
him transmitted to Congress.

They must also report in full upon the
practicability, feasibility, and probable
cost of the various plans known as the
jetty system, the levee system, and the
outlet system, as well as upon such others
as they deem necessary.

At the request of the Commission the
Secretary of War is directed to detail
from the Engineer Corps of the army,
and the Secretary of the Treasury from
the Coast and Geodetic Survey, such
officers and men as may be necessary,
and to place in their charge and for their
use such vessels, machinery, and instru-
ments, under their control respectively,
as may be necessary.

The Secretary of War may detail an
officer of engineers to act as Secretary of
the Commission.

THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

The Army of the United States con-
sists of the following :

One general.

One lieutenant-general.

Three major-generals.

Six brigadier-generals.

Five regiments of artillery.

Ten regiments of cavalry.

Twenty-five regiments of infantry.

An Adjutant-General's Department.

An Inspector-General's Department.

A Quartermaster's Department.

A corps of engineers.

A battalion of engineer soldiers.

An Ordnance Department.

The enlisted men of the Ordnance De-
partment.

The Medical Department.

The hospital stewards of the Medical
Department.

A Pay Department.

A chief signal officer.

A Bureau of Military Justice.

Eight judge-advocates.

Thirty post chaplains.

Four regimental chaplains.

An ordnance sergeant and a hospital
steward for each military post.

One band stationed at the Military
Academy.

A force of Indian scouts, not exceeding;
1000.

The officers of the army on the retired
list.

The professors and corps of cadets at

the United States Military Academy at
West Point.

The offices of general and lieutenant-
general expire with the present incum-
bents.

Each regiment of artillery consists of
twelve batteries, one colonel, one lieu-
tenant-colonel, one major for every four
batteries, one adjutant, one quartermaster
and commissary, one sergeant-major, one
quartermaster sergeant, one chief musi-
cian, who shall be instructor of music,
and two principal musicians.

Each battery of artillery consists of
one captain, one first lieutenant, one
second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one
quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants,
four corporals, two musicians, two arti-
ficers, one wagoner, and as many privates,
not exceeding one hundred and twenty-
two, as the President may direct. And
the President may add one first lieu-
tenant, one second lieutenant, two ser-
geants, and four corporals.

One battery in each regiment is
equipped as light artillery, and the
President may so equip one other battery.

Each regiment of cavalry consists of
twelve troops, one colonel, one lieutenant-
colonel, three majors, one surgeon, one
assistant surgeon, one adjutant, one
quartermaster, one veterinary surgeon,
one sergeant-major, one quartermaster
sergeant, one saddler sergeant, one chief
musician, and one trumpeter.

Each troop of cavalry consists of one
captain, one first lieutenant, one second
lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quar-
termaster sergeant, five sergeants, four
corporals, two trumpeters, two farriers,
one saddler, one wagoner, and such num-
ber of privates, not exceeding seventy-
eight, as the President may direct.

The enlisted men of two regiments of
calvary are colored men.

Each regiment of infantry consists of
ten companies, one colonel, one lieu-
tenant-colonel, one major, one adjutant,
one quartermaster, one sergeant-major,
one quartermaster sergeant, one chief,
and two principal musicians.

Each company of infantry consists of
one captain, one first lieutenant, one
second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one
quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants,
four corporals, two artificers, two musi-
cians, one wagoner, and fifty privates,
and the President may increase the num-
ber of privates to one hundred in emer-
gencies. *

The enlisted men of two regiments of
infantry are colored men.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

177

There is one band for the army, con-
sisting of one leader and twenty-four
musicians, which is ordinarily stationed
at the West Point Military Academy.

Two regiments of infantry or of cav-
alry constitute a brigade, commanded by
a brigadier-general ; two brigades consti-
tute a division, commanded by a major-
general ; but it is in the discretion of the
commanding general to vary this dispo-
sition.

The army is limited by general statute
to 30,000 enlisted men, and at this time
it numbers only 25,000, including Indian
scouts and hospital stewards ; the act of
June 18, 1878, prohibiting the use of the
appropriations thereby made for the sup-
port of the army to recruit a larger
number.

Enlistments are for five years.

There is a chaplain for each regiment
of colored troops, and thirty post chap-
lains. They have the rank of captain
of infantry without command. Chap-
lains act as school-teachers as well as
clergymen.

ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.

This corps consist of one Adjutant-
General, with the rank of brigadier-gen-
eral 5 two Assistant Adjutants-General,
with the rank of colonel of cavalry ; four
Assistant Adjutants-General, with the
rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry ;
and thirteen Assistant Adjutants-Gen-
eral, with the rank of major of cavalry.

CORPS OF INSPECTORS-GENERAL.

There are five Inspectors-General, with
the rank of colonel of cavalry ; one
Assistant Inspector-General, with the
rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry ;
and two Assistant Inspectors-General,
with the rank of major of cavalry.

QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

This corps consists of one Quartermas-
ter-General, with the rank of brigadier-
general ; six Assistant Quartermasters-
General, with the rank of colonel of
cavalry ; ten Deputy Quartermasters-
General, with the rank of lieutenant-col-
onel ; twelve Quartermasters, with the
rank of major; thirty Assistant Quarter-
masters, with the rank of captain ; and
sixteen Military Storekeepers, with the
rank of captain.

SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

This corps consists of one Commissary-
General, with the rank of brigadier-gen-
eral 5 two Assistant Commissaries of
Subsistence, with the rank of colonel of
cavalry ; two Assistant Commissaries of
Subsistence, with the rank of lieutenant-
colonel ; eight Commissaries of Subsist-
ence, with the rank of major ; and six-
teen Commissaries of Subsistence, with
the rank of captain.

The ration consists of one pound and a
quarter of beef, or three-quarters of a
pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread
or flour, and at the rate of ten pounds of
coffee, fifteen pounds of sugar, two quarts
of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four ounces
of pepper, four pounds of soap, and one
pound and a half of candles to every
hundred rations.

CORPS OF ENGINEERS.

This corps consists of one Chief of
Engineers, with the rank of brigadier-
general, six Colonels, twelve Lieutenant-
Colonels, twenty-four Majors, thirty Cap-
tains, twenty-six First Lieutenants, and
ten Second Lieutenants, and a battalion
of Engineers.

The battalion of Engineers consists
of five companies, one quartermaster ser-
geant, and one sergeant-major.

Each company of Engineers consists of
ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musi-
cians, and one hundred and twenty-eight
privates.

The enlisted men of the Engineer bat-
talion are required to perform the duties
of sappers, miners, and pontoniers, and
may be detailed to oversee laborers upon
fortifications and other works.

CORPS OF ORDNANCE.

This corps consists of one Chief of
Ordnance, with the rank of brigadier-
general, three Colonels, four Lieutenant-
Colonels, ten Majors, twenty Captains,
sixteen First Lieutenants, and ten Ord-
nance Storekeepers ; one with the rank
of major of cavalry, and nine with the
rank of captain. As many sergeants,
corporals, and privates of Ordnance are
allowed as the Secretary of War may di-
rect.

MEDICAL CORPS.

This corps consists of one Surgeon-
General, with the rank of brigadier-geu-

178

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

eral ; one Assistant Surgeon-General,
with the rank of colonel of cavalry ; one
Chief Purveyor, and four Assistant Pur-
veyors with the rank of lieutenant-col-
onel ; sixty Surgeons, with the rank of
major ; one hundred and fifty Assistant
Surgeons, with the rank of first lieu-
tenant for the first three years of service,
and thereafter with the rank of captain ;
and five Medical Storekeepers, with the
rank of captain of cavalry.

PAY DEPARTMENT.

This department consists of one Pay-
master-General, with the rank of colonel ;
two Assistant Paymasters-General, with
the rank of colonel of cavalry ; two
Deputy Paymasters-General, with the
rank of lieutenant-colonel ; and fifty Pay-
masters, with the rank of major.

The army is paid once in two months.

SIGNAL SERVICE.

The head of this service is the Chief
Signal Officer, with the rank of brigadier-
general.

BUREAU OF MILITARY JUSTICE.

This consists of one Judge-Advocate-
General, with the rank of brigadier-gen-
eral ; one Assistant Judge-Advocate-Gen-
eral, with the rank of colonel of cavalry ;
and eight Judge-Advocates, with the
rank of major.

The Chiefs of the several Departments
and Corps aforementioned exercise their
powers subject to the supervision and
direction of the Secretary of War.

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

No person who has served in any ca-
pacity in the military, naval, or civi]
service of the so-called Confederate States
or of either of the States in insurrection
during the Rebellion of 1861, can be ap-
pointed to any position in the Army of
the United States.

All officers who served during the
Rebellion as volunteers in the Army of
the United States, honorably mustered
out of the service, are entitled to bear
the official title, and upon occasions of
ceremony to wear the uniform of th
highest grade they held, by brevet or
other commissions, in the volunteer ser
vice.

The use by officers of private soldiers
as servants is prohibited by law.

Four women to each company are
allowed as laundresses.

RETIREMENT.

An officer who has served thirty years
may on his own application, in the dis-
cretion of the President, be placed on the
retired list. One who has served forty-
ive years, or is sixty-two yea^s old, may
DC retired from active service in the dis-
cretion of the President.

The army is governed by what are
called Articles of War, one hundred and
;wenty-eight in number, prescribed by
act of Congress. They are read to every
enlisted man at the time of his enlist-
ment, and must be read to every regi-
ment once in six months. Every officer
must subscribe to these rules and articles
before entering on duty.

MILITAKY ACADEMY AT WEST POINT,
NEW YORK.

One Superintendent ; one Commandant
of Cadets ; one Senior Instructor in the
Tactics each of Artillery, of Cavalry,
and of Infantry ; one Professor and one
Assistant Professor of Civil and Military
Engineering ; one Professor and one As-
sistant Professor of Natural and Experi-
mental Philosophy ; one Professor and
one Assistant Professor of Mathematics ;
one Chaplain, who is also a Professor of
History, Geography, and Ethics, and one
Assistant Professor of the same ; one
Professor and one Assistant Professor of
Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology ; one
Professor and one Assistant Professor of
Drawing ; one Professor and one Assist-
ant Professor each of the French and
Spanish Languages ; one Adjutant ; one
Master of Sword ; and one Teacher of
Music.

The Superintendent and Commandant
of Cadets, while serving as such, rank
respectively as colonel and lieutenant-
colonel of engineers.

APPOINTMENT AND ADMISSION OF
CADETS.

APPOINTMENTS.

Each Congressional District and Terri-
tory also the District of Columbia is
entitled to have one Cadet at the United
States Military Academy. Ten are also
appointed at large. The appointments
(excepting those at large] are made by
the Secretary of War, at the request of
the Representative, or Delegate, in Con-

WAR DEPARTMENT.

179

gress from the District or Territory ; and
the person appointed must be an actual
resident of the District or Territory from
which the appointment is made. The
appointments at large are specially con-
ferred by the President of the United
States.

Manner of making Applications.

Applications can at any time be made,
by letter to the Secretary of War, to have
the name of the applicant placed upon
the register, that it may be furnished to
the proper Representative, or Delegate,
when a vacancy occurs. The application
must exhibit the full name, exact age,
and permanent abode of the applicant,
with the number of the Congressional
District in which his residence is situ-
ated.

Date of Appointment.

Appointments are required by law to
be made one year in advance of the date
of admission, except in cases where, by
reason of death or other cause, a vacancy
occurs which cannot be provided for by
such appointment in advance. These
vacancies are filled in time for the next
annual examination.

ALTERNATES.

Should the Representative, or Delegate,
in Congress have reason to doubt the suc-
cess of his nominee in passing the enter-
ing examination, he can nominate a
legally qualified alternate. The alternate
will be examined with the regular nomi-
nee, and admitted in the event of his suc-
cess and the latter' s failure to pass the
prescribed preliminary examinations.

Like the nominee, the alternate should
be designated as nearly one year in ad-
vance of date of admission as practicable.

QUALIFICATIONS.

The age for the admission of Cadets to
the Academy is between sevenieen and
twenty-two years. Candidates must be
at least five feet in height, and free from
any infectious or immoral disorder, and,
generally, from any deformity, disease,
or infirmity which may render them unfit
for military service. They must be well
versed in reading, in writing, including
orthography, and in arithmetic, and have
a knowledge of the elements of English
grammar, of descriptive geography, par-
ticularly of our own country, and of the
history of the United States.

Each Cadet upon his admission shall
take the oath of office prescribed by act
of Congress of July 2, 1862, and before
receiving his warrant shall, in the pres-
ence of the Superintendent, or some
officer deputed by him, subscribe to an
engagement to serve eight years, unless
sooner discharged, which includes four
years at the Academy and four in the
army after graduation ; but in time of
peace they are allowed to resign upon
graduation.

CHARACTER OP EXAMINATIONS.
Physical Examination.

NOTE. It is suggested to all candidates for
admission into the Military Academy that, be-
fore leaving their places of residence for West
Point, they should cause themselves to bo
thoroughly examined by a competent phy-
sician, and by a teacher or instructor in good
standing. By such an examination any serious
physical disqualification or deficiency in mental
preparation would be revealed, and the candi-
date probably spared the expense and trouble
of a useless journey, and the mortification of
rejection.

It should be understood that the informal
examination herein recommended is solely for
the convenience and benefit of the candidate
himself, and can in no manner affect the de-
cision of the Academic and Medical Examining
Boards at West Point.

There being no provision whatever for the
payment of the travelling expenses of either ac-
cepted or rejected candidates for admission, no
candidate should fail to provide himself in ad-
vance with the means of returning to his home
in case of his rejection before either of the Ex-
amining Boards, as he may otherwise be put
to considerable trouble, inconvenience, and
even suffering on account of his destitute situa-
tion. If admitted, the money brought by him
to meet such a contingency can be deposited
with the Treasurer on account of his equipment
as a cadet, or returned to his friends. .

Every candidate is, soon after his
arrival at West Point, subjected to a
rigid physical examination by an ex-
perienced Medical Board, and if there is
found to exist in him any of the follow-
ing causes of disqualification, to such a
degree as would immediately or at no
very distant period impair his efficiency,
he is rejected :

1. Feeble constitution and muscular
tenuity ; unsound health, from whatever
cause ; indications of former disease ;
glandular swellings, or other symptoms
of scrofula.

2. Chronic cutaneous affections, espe-
cially of the scalp.

3. Severe injuries of the bones of the
lead 5 convulsions.

180

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

4. Impaired vision, from whatever
cause ; inflammatory affections of the
eyelids ; immobility or irregularity of
the iris ; fistula, lachrymalis, etc., etc.

5. Deafness ; copious discharge from
the ears.

6. Loss of many teeth, or the teeth
generally unsound.

7. Impediment of speech.

8. Want of due capacity of the chest,
and any other indication of a liability to
a pulmonic disease.

9. Impaired or inadequate efficiency of
one or both of the superior extremities
on account of fractures, especially of the
clavicle, contraction of a joint, extenua-
tion, deformity, etc., etc.

10. An unusual excurvature or incur-
vature of the spine.

11. Hernia.

12. A varicose state of the veins of the
scrotum or spermatic cord (when large),
sarcocele, hydrocele, hemorrhoids, fistu-
las.

13. Impaired or inadequate efficiency
of one or both of the inferior extremities
on account of varicose veins, fractures,
malformation (flat feet, etc.), lameness,
contraction, unequal length, bunions,
overlying or supernumerary toes, etc., etc.

14. Ulcers, or unsound cicatrices of
ulcers likely to break out afresh.

The newly-appointed Cadets are then
examined by the Academic Board, and
those not properly qualified are rejected.

Academical Examination.
Heading.

In Reading, candidates must be able
to read understandingly, and with proper
accent and emphasis.

Writing and Orthography.

In Writing and Orthography, they
must be able to write, from dictation,
sentences from standard pieces of English
literature, both prose and poetry.

Arithmetic.

In Arithmetic, they must be able
1st. To explain, accurately and clearly,
its objects, and the manner of writing and
reading numbers entire fractional
compound, or denominate.

2d. To perform with facility and ac-
curacy the various operations of addition
subtraction multiplication and divi-
sion of whole numbers, abstract and com-
pound or denominate, giving the rule for
each operation, with its reasons, and also

for the different methods of proving the
accuracy of the work.

3d. To explain the meaning of reduc-
tion its different kinds its application
to denominate numbers in reducing them
from a higher to a lower denomination
and the reverse, and to equivalent deci-
mals ; to give the rule for each case, with
its reasons, and to apply readily these
rules to practical examples of each kind.

4th. To explain the nature of prime
numbers, and factors of a number of a
common divisor of two or more numbers,
particularly of their greatest common di-
visor with its use, and to give the rule,
with its reasons, for obtaining it ; also the
meaning of a common multiple of several
numbers, particularly of their least com-
mon multiple, and its use, and to give the
rule, with its reasons, for obtaining it,
and to apply each of these rules to ex-
amples.

5th. To explain the nature of fractions,
common or vulgar, and decimal to define
the various kinds of fractions, with the
distinguishing properties of each to give
to all the rules for their reduction ; par-
ticularly from mixed to improper and the
reverse from compound or complex to
simple to their lowest terms to a com-
mon denominator from common to deci-
mal and the reverse ; for their addition
-subtraction multiplication, and divi-
sion, with the reason for each change of
rule, and to apply each rule to examples.

6th. To define the terms ratio and pro-
portion to give the properties of propor-
tion and the rules, and their reasons,
for stating and solving questions in both
simple and compound proportion, or
single and double rule of three, and to
apply these rules to examples.

7th. The candidates must not only
know the principles and rules referred to
above, but they are required to possess
such a thorough understanding of all the
fundamental operations of arithmetic as
will enable them to combine the various
principles in the solution of any complex
problem which can be solved by the
methods of arithmetic. In other words,
they must possess such a complete knowl-
edge of arithmetic as will enable them to
take up at once the higher branches of
mathematics without further study of
arithmetic.

8th. It is to be understood that the
examination in these branches may be
either written or oral, or partly written
and partly oral ; that the definitions and
rules must be given fully and accurately,
and that the work of all examples,

WAR DEPARTMENT.

181

whether upon the blackboard, slate, or
paper, must be written plainly and in
full, and in such a manner as to show
clearly the mode of solution.

Grammar.

In English Grammar, candidates must
exhibit a familiarity with all the parts of
speech, and the rules in relation thereto ;
must be able to parse any ordinary sen-
tence given to them, and, generally, must
understand those portions of the subject
usually taught and comprehended under
the heads of Orthography, Etymology,
Syntax, and Prosody.

The examination will be either written
or oral, or partly written and partly oral.
The questions will usually be arranged
in three divisions. The first division will
contain questions somewhat like these :

" Name all the different kinds of Verbs,
and give examples of each." " What is
a Pronoun?" " Write a short sentence,
using a personal, a relative, and an interro-
gative Pronoun, and specify each."

The second division will contain one or
more sentences to be parsed, e. g. :

" Many would gladly exchange their
honors for that more quiet and humble
station with which thou art now dissatis-
fied" Such a sentence must be parsed
fully, giving the part of speech, and kind,
case, voice, mood, tense, number, person,
degree of comparison, etc., as the case
may be, of each word, and its relation to
the other words.

Composition.

The third division will contain a large
number of incorrect sentences to be cor-
rected, thus :

" To these precepts are subjoined a
copious selection of rules." " Which of
the two is the eldest F ' Among these, cor-
rect sentences will sometimes be intro-
duced, to more thoroughly test the
knowledge of the candidate.

Geography.

Candidates will be required to pass a
satisfactory examination, written or oral,
or both, in Descriptive Geography, par-
ticularly of our own country. To give a
candidate a clear idea of what is required,
the following synopsis is added as a type
of the character and extent of the exami-
nation:

1st. Definitions of all the natural divi-
sions of the earth's surface, such as zones,
Miose relating to latitude and longitude,

etc., are to be clearly and concisely
given.

2d. The Eastern and Western Hemi-
spheres :

Their grand divisions, what large
bodies of water partly or wholly surround
them? Their oceans and their loca-
tions ;

The mountains, their locations, direc-
tions, and extent ; the capes, from what
parts do they project, and into what,
waters ?

The peninsulas, their locations, and by
what waters are they embraced ?

The parts connected by an isthmus, its
name and location ;

The islands, their locations and sur-
rounding Welters ;

The seas, gulfs, and bays, the coasts
they indent, and to what other waters
are they subordinate ?

The straits, the lands they separate,
and the waters they connect ;

The rivers, their sources, directions of
flow, and the waters into which they
empty j

The lakes, their location and extent.

3d. The subdivisions of the grand di-
visions :

Their names, locations, boundaries,
and capitals ; general questions of the
same character as indicated in the second
section, made applicable to each of the
countries of each of the grand divisions.

4th. The United States.

The knowledge under this head cannot
be too full or specific. The candidate
should be thoroughly informed as to its
general features, location, configuration,
and boundaries (both with respect to
neighboring countries, and latitude and
longitude) ; its adjacent oceans, seas,
bays, gulfs, sounds, straits, and islands ;
its mountain ranges, their location and
extent ; the sources, directions, and ter-
minations of the important rivers and
their principal tributaries, the lakes, and,
in short, every geographical feature of
the country, as indicated above. The
location and termination of important
railroad lines and other means of com-
munication from one part of the country
to another should not be omitted.

The States and Territories are to be
accurately located with respect to each
other by their boundaries, and as to their
order on the Atlantic Coast, on the Gulf
of Mexico, on the Pacific Coast, on the
Northern frontier, on the Mexican fron-
tier, and on the Mississippi, Missouri,
and Ohio Rivers.

The boundary and other rivers of each

182

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

State, as well as all other prominent geo-
graphical features, should be known.

Ihe name and locations of their capi-
tals, and other important cities and towns,
are likewise to be known.

ffist<

>ry.

The candidate should make himself
familiar with so much of the History of
the United States as is contained in the
ordinary school histories. The examina-
tion may be written or oral, or partly
written and partly oral, and will usually
consist of a series of questions similar to
the following:

I. Name the earliest European settle-
ments within the present limits of the
United States when, where, and by
whom made? When did the settlements
made by other nations than the English
come under the Dominion of Great
Britain and of the United States ?

II. What was the difference between
the Royal, the Chartered, and the Pro-
prietary colonies? How many colonies
were there originally in Massachusetts
and Connecticut? when were they uni-
ted ? How many in Pennsylvania ? when
were they separated ?

III. In what wars were the colonies
engaged before the Revolution? What
were the principal events and results of
those of King William, Queen Anne,
King George, and the French and In-
dian ?

IV. What were the remote and the im-
mediate causes of the American Revolu-
tion? Explain the Navigation Act, the
Stamp Act, Writs of Assistance. When
did the War of the Revolution properly
begin ? when, where, and how did it end ?
Give the particulars of Arnold's treason.
Who were the most prominent generals
in this war? Name the most important
battles, and their results.

V. The Constitution of the United
States why and when was it formed ?
when was it adopted ?

VI. Give the names of the Presidents
of the United States in their order. Give
the leading events of the administration
of each one ; for example, that of

WASHINGTON, e.g. Indian war ; trouble
with France ; Jay's treaty ; the whiskey
rebellion, etc.

JEFFERSON. War with Tripoli ; pur-
chase of Louisiana ; the embargo, etc.

MADISON. War of 1812; its causes ;
the principal battles on land and sea ;
peculiarity of its last battle, when ended,
etc.

MONROE. Indian war ; cession of
Florida ; Missouri compromise, etc.

JACKSON. Black Hawk and Seminole
wars j the United States Bank : nullifica-
tion, etc.

POLK. The Mexican war ; its causes ;
principal battles ; results of it, etc.

PIERCE. Repeal of Missouri compro-
mise ; troubles in Kansas, etc.

BUCHANAN. Civil war; how begun,
etc.

LINCOLN. Principal battles of that
war ; its results, social and political.

ADMISSION OF CADETS.

Those candidates who have successfully
passed both the physical and academical
examinations are admitted as Cadets,
subject to the result of the examination
in the following January.

ACADEMIC DUTIES.

The academic duties and exercises
commence on the 1st of September, and
continue until about the last of June.
Examinations of the several classes are
held in January and June, and, at the
former, such of the new Cadets as are found
proficient in studies, and have been cor-
rect in conduct, are given the particular
standing in their class to which their
merits entitle them. After either exami-
nation, Cadets found deficient in conduct
or studies are discharged from the Acad-
emy, unless, for special reasons in each
case, the Academic Board should other-
wise recommend. Similar examinations
are held every January and June during
the four years comprising the course of
studies.

These examinations are very thorough,
and require from the Cadet a close and
persevering attention to study, without
evasion or slighting of any part of the
course, as no relaxations of any kind can
be made by the examiners.

Military Instruction.

During the months of July and August
the Cadets live in camp, engaged only in
military duties and exercises, and receiv-
ing practical military instruction.

PAY OP CADETS.

The pay of a Cadet is $540 per year, to
commence with his admission into the
Academy, and is sufficient, with proper
economy, for his support. No Cadet is

WAR DEPARTMENT.

J83

permitted to receive money, or any other
supplies, from his parents, or from any
person whomsoever, without the sanction
of the Superintendent.

Each Cadet must keep himself supplied
with the following-mentioned articles,
viz. :

One gray cloth coatee ; one gray cloth
riding-jacket ; one regulation great-coat ;
two pairs of gray cloth pantaloons, for
winter ; six pairs of drilling pantaloons,
for summer ; one fatigue-jacket, for the
encampment ; one black dress-cap ; one
forage-cap ; one black stock ; two pairs
of ankle-boots ; six pairs of white gloves ;
two sets of white belts ; *seven shirts ;
twelve collars ; *six pairs winter socks :
*six pairs summer socks ; *four pairs
summer drawers; *three pairs winter
drawers ; *six pocket-handkerchiefs ;
*six towels 5 one clothes-bag, made of
ticking ; *one clothes-brush ; *one hair-
brush ; *one tooth-brush ; *one comb ;
one mattress; one pillow; two pillow-
cases ; *two pairs sheets ; one pair
blankets ; one quilted bed-cover ; one
chair ; one tumbler ; *one trunk ; one
account-book ; and will unite with his
room-mate in purchasing, for their com-
mon use, one looking-glass, one wash-
stand, one wash-basin, one pail, and one
broom, and shall be required to have one
table, of the pattern that may be pre-
scribed by the Superintendent.

The articles marked thus * candidates
are required to bring with them ; the
others are to be had at West Point at
regulated prices ; and it is better for a
candidate to take with him as little cloth-
ing of any description as is possible (ex-
cepting what is marked), and no more
money than will defray his travelling
expenses : but for the parent or guardian
to send to " The Treasurer of the Military
Academy" a sum sufficient for his neces-
sary expenses until he is admitted, and
for his clothes, etc., thereafter.

The expenses of the candidate for

board, washing, lights, etc., prior to ad-
mission, will be about $5 per week, and
immediately after being admitted to the
Institution he must be provided with an
outfit of uniform, etc., the cost of which
will be about $90. If, upon arrival, he
has the necessary sum to his credit on the
Books of the Treasurer, he will start with
many advantages in a pecuniary point of
view over those whose means are more
limited, and who must, if they arrive, as
many do, totally unprovided in this way,
go in debt on the credit of their pay, a
burden from which it requires many
months to free themselves; while, if any
accident compel them to leave the Acad-
emy, they must of necessity be in a des-
titute condition.

ASSIGNMENT TO CORPS AFTER GRADUATION.

"When a Cadet shall receive a regular
degree from the Academic Board, after
going through the classes, he is con-
sidered as among the candidates for a
commission in the Engineer, Ordnance,
Artillery, Cavalry, or Infantry, according
to the duties he may be judged competent
to perform.

GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS.

A sound body and constitution, suitable
preparation, good natural capacity, an
aptitude for study, industrious habits,
perseverance, an obedient and orderly
disposition, and a correct moral deport-
ment are such essential qualifications, that
candidates, knowingly deficient in any
of these respects, should not, as many do,
subject themselves and their friends to
the chances of future mortification and
disappointment by accepting appoint-
ments at the Academy, and entering upon
a career which they cannot successfully
pursue.

Cadets are subject to court-martial and
punishment.

184

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Pay of Officers of the United States Army.

GBADE.

PAY OF OFFICERS IN ACTIVE SERVICE.

YEARLY
PAT.

MONTHLY PAY.

Prior to 5
Years'
Service.

5 Years'
Service.

10 Years'
Service.

15 Years'
Service.

20 Years'
Service.

$13,500.00
11,000.00
7,500.00
5,500.00
3,500.00
3,000.00
2,500.00
2,000.00
1,800.00
1,800.00
1,800.00
1,600.00
1,500.00
1,500.00
1,400.00
1,500.00

$1125.00
916.67
625.00
458.33
291.67
250.00
208.33
166.67
150.00
150.00
150.00
133.33
125.00
125.00
116.67
125.00

10 per ct.

20 per ct.

30 per ct.

40 per ct.

Brigadier-general

$320.83
275.00
229.17
183.33
165.00
165.00
165.00
146.67
137.50
137.50
128.33
137.50

$350.00
300.00
250.00
200.00
180.00
180.00
180.00
160.00
150.00
150.00
140.00
150.00

$375.00
325.00
270.83
216.67
195.00
195.00
195.00
173.33
162.50
162.50
151.67
162.50

*$375.00
f333.33
291.67
233.33
210.00
210.00
210.00
186.67
175.00
175.00
163.33
175.00

Lieutenant-colonel

Major

Captain, mounted

Captain, not mounted

Regimental adjutant

Regimental quartermaster
First lieutenant, mounted

First lieutenant, not mounted..
Second lieutenant, mounted
Second lieutenant, not mounted.
Chaplain

GRADE.

PAY OF RETIRED OFFICERS.

YEARLY
PAY.

MONTHLY PAY.

Prior to 5
Years'
Service.

5 Years'
Service.

10 Years'
Service.

15 Years'
Service.

20 Years'
Service.

$5625.00
4125.00
2625.00
2250.00
1875.00
1500.00
1350.00

$468.75
343.75
218.75
187.50
156.25
125.00
112.50

Brigadier-general

Colonel

$24062
206.25
171.87
137.50
123.75

$262.50
225.00
187.50
150.00
135.00

$281.25
243.75
203.12
162.50
146.25

$281.25
250.00
218.75
175.00
157.50

Lieutenant-colonel

Captain, mounted

First lieutenant, mounted
First lieutenant, not mounted..
Second lieutenant, mounted
Second lieutenant, not mounted.
Chaplain

1200.00
1125.00
1125.00
1050.00
1350.00

100.00
93.75
93.75
87.50
112.50

110.00
103.12
103.12
96.25
123.75

120.00
112.50
112.50
105.00
135.00

130.00
121.87
121.87
113.75
146.25

140.00
131.25
131.25
122.50
157.50

* The maximum pay of a colonel is by law $4500 per annum ; hence full 40 per cent, cannot accrue.
t The maximum pay of a lieutenant-colonel is by law $4000 per annum; hence full 40 per cent, cannot
accrue.

NOTES.

An aide-de-camp to a major-general is allowed $200 per year in addition to the pay of his
rank; an aide-de-camp to a brigadier-general is allowed $150 per year in addition to the pay
of his rank ; and an acting commissary of subsistence is allowed $100 per year in addition to
the pay of his rank, not to be included in computing the service increase.

Assistant surgeons are entitled to pay of captain after five years' service.

Retired officers receive 75 per cent, of pay (salary and increase) of their rank, but no
increase accrues for time subsequent to date of retirement.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

185

A retired chaplain receives three-fourths of the pay (salary and increase) of his rank
(captain, not mounted).

The officer in charge of the public buildings and grounds (Washington) has, while so
serving, the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel.

The aides-de-camp to the general, selected by him from the army, have, while so serving,
the rank and pay of colonel.

The aides-de-camp and military secretary to the lieutenant-general, selected by him from
the army, have, while so serving, the rank and pay of lieutenant-colonel.

Officers of the army and of volunteers, assigned to duty which requires them to be mounted,
shall, during the time they are employed on such duty, receive the pay, emoluments, and allow-
ances of cavalry officers of the same grade, respectively.

REMARKS.

Mileage, at the rate of eight cents per mile, is allowed to officers for travel under orders.
Regulations governing the subject of mileage are contained, entire, in General Orders No. 97,
Adjutant-General's Office, series of 1876.

Commutation of quarters to be paid by Pay Department, as follows: General, $125 per
month; lieutenant-general, $70 per month; all other grades not to exceed $10 per month per
room. General Orders Nos. 37 and 66, Adjutant-General's Office, series of 1878.

Pay of Officers and Cadets at the Military Academy.

Grade.

Grade, or Assimilated Pay.

Yearly
Pay.

Pay of colonel

See preceding table.

o o

Commandant of cadets . .. .

Pay of lieutenant-colonel

Adjutant

Pay of regimental adjutant

Quartermaster and commissary of the battal-

Pay of his grade in the army

Treasurer

<( n a

(( ti

Assistant surgeon

(t tt ((

Professor, of more than ten years' service at
the Academy

Pay of colonel

Professor, of less than ten years' service
Assistant professor

Pay of lieutenant-colonel .

Pay of captain mounted

Senior assistant instructor of tactics

(i <t a

Assistant instructor of tactics, commanding

(I (I U

Acting assistant professor

Pay of his grade in the army

Instructors of ordnance and science of gun-

Pay of major ....

S word-master

Cadet

$540 per annum

FORAGE FOR HORSES.

keeper, each for two horses,
of the Mississippi River.

Forage is now issued only to those officers on duty at posts west

Average Pay per Month, for Five Years, of Enlisted Men of the Signal Corps.

Bank.

When at Fort
Whipple, Vn.,
or at a Mili-
tary Post.

When on Sta-
tion.

When at Signal
Office.

$38.86
24.82
21.70
17.64

$79.36
65.42
62.20
58.14

$98.86
84.82
81.70
77.64

Corporals

First-class privates

NOTE. In addition to the above, corporals and privates in charge of stations, or serving as
operators or repairmen on the United States telegraph lines carrying, or Avhich may carry,
commercial business, arid sergeants in charge of display sections, receive 35 cents per day

extra.

186 THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Table of Monthly Pay of Enlisted Men of the United States Army.

FIRST ENLISTMENT.

FIRST RE-ENLISTMENT.*

$2 EXTRA.

1st
Year.

Year.

4th
Year.

5th
Year.

1st
Year.

2d
Year.

3d
Year.

4th

Year.

5th
Year.

YEAR OF TOTAL CONTINUOUS SERVICE

1st
Year.

2d
Year.

3d
Year.

4th
Year.

5th
Year.

6th
Year.

7th

Year.

8th
Year.

9th
Year.

10th
Year.

Retain $1.

Retain $2.

Retain $1.

RANK AND SERVICE.

COMPANY.

Private Artillery, Cavalry, '
and Infantry

$13
14

$13

$14

$15

$16

$18

Private (second class) En-
gineers and Ordnance
Musician Engineers, Artil-
lery, and Infantry

Trumpeter Cavalry

WagonerJ Artillery, Cav-
alry, and Infantry ..

Artificer^ Artillery and In-
fantry .

Corporal Artillery, Cav-
airy, and Infantry .

15
17

Blacksmith and farrier
Cavalry

Saddler Cavalry

Quartermaster sergeanti3

Sergeant Artillery, Cav-1
airy, and Infantry.. 1

20
22

22
60

20
22

34
22

21
23

35
23

22
24

36
24

23
25

37
25

25
27

39
27

Private (first class) Engi- [
neers and Ordnance . . J

Corporal Engineers and Ord-
nance .

First sergeant Artillery, "j
Cavalry, and Infantry V
Saddler sergeant Cavalry... J
Sergeant Engineers and Ord-

REGIMENT.

Chief trumpeter Cavalry... ")
Principal musician Artil- >
lery and Infantry J

Chief musician^ Artillery,

Sergeant-major Artillery,
Cavalry, and Infantry
Quartermaster sergeant Ar-
tillery, Cavalry, and In-
fantry

* Subsequent re-enlistments $1 more.

f The pay of a man who has ever re-enlisted under the act of August 4, 1854, and who comes into the
service again, commences witli amount stated in this column $1 per month to be retained.

J Not affected by act of May 15, 1872. No pay retained in these cases; but they are entitled to benefits
of act of August 4, 1854, for re-enlistment.

$ Company quartermaster sergeants of any branch of the service not to be appointed (see General Orders
No. 61, series of 1873), but reduction to be gradual by not filling vacancies.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

187

FIRST ENLISTMENT.

FIRST RE-ENLISTMENT.*

$2 EXTRA.

YEAR IN EACH ENLISTMENT

1st
Year.

2d
Year.

3d
Year.

4th
Year.

5th
Year.

1st
Year.

2d
Year.

3d
Year.

4th
Year.

5th
Year.

YEAR OP TOTAL CONTINUOUS SERVICE

1st

Year.

2d
Year.

3d
Year.

4th

Year.

5th
Year.

6th
Year.

7th
Year.

8th
Year.

9th

Year.

10th
Year.

c tb

c y>

.2
'3

^fc

Sergeant-major and quarter-
master sergeant Engineers.

$36

$37

$38

$39

$41

100

" " ( iunior).

POST.

" steward (first class)...

" " (second " )...

" " (third " )...

Ordnance sergeant |

* Subsequent re-enlistments $1 more.

t Only one veterinary surgeon, at $75 per month, allowed each of the cavalry regiments, from the First
to the Sixth Regiment, inclusive; two, one at $100 and one at $75 per month, allowed each of the Seventh,
Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Regiments; the senior in date of appointment entitled to the higher grade.
Decision of Adjutant-General of December 3, 1874.

CLOTHING.

Settled June 30 and December 31 of each year. Balances found due United States to be
charged soldier on muster-rolls of those dates. Balances due soldier to be carried forward on
company books credited to his current clothing account; any balance remaining due him at
discharge to be credited on final statements.

For causes of withholding retained pay on discharge of the soldier, see paragraph 10,
General Orders No. 51, series of 1872.

Enlisted men of Signal Corps to have pay of Engineer soldiers of similar grades. Act
approved June 20, 1878. (G. 0. 46, A. G. 0., 1878.)

List of Military Posts, Garrisons, and Stations of the United States, with their

Post- Offices.

Post or Station. Post-Offlce.

Abraham Lincoln, Fort, Dakota Fort Abraham Lincoln, Dakota.

Adams, Fort, Rhode Island Newport, Khode Island.

Alcatraz Island, California Alcatraz Island, California.

Allegheny Arsenal, Pennsylvania Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.

Andrew, Fort, Massachusetts Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Angel Island, California Angel Island, California.

Apache, Fort, Arizona Allen, Arizona.

Assinniboine, Fort, Montana Fort Assinniboine, Montana.

Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta, Georgia.

Augusta Arsenal, Georgia Augusta, Georgia.

Barrancas, Fort, Florida Warrington, Florida.

Baton Rouge Barracks, Louisiana Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Battery Bienvenue, Louisiana New Orleans, Louisiana.

Bayard, Fort, New Mexico Fort Bayard, New Mexico.

Benicia Arsenal, California Benicia, California.

Benicia Barracks, California Benicia, California.

Bennett, Fort, Dakota Fort Bennett, Dakota.

Benton, Fort, Montana Fort Benton, Montana.

188 THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Post or Station. Post-Office.

Bidwell, Fort, California Fort Bidwell, California.

Bliss, Fort. Texas .El Paso, Texas.

Boise Barracks, Idaho Boise City, Idaho.

Bowie, Fort, Arizona Apache Pass, Arizona.

Brady, Fort, Michigan Sault de Ste. Marie, Michigan.

Brooke, Fort, Florida Tampa, Florida.

Brown, Fort, Texas Brownsville, Texas.

Buford, Fo.rt, Dakota Fort Biiford, Dakota.

Cameron, Fort, Utah Beaver City, Utah.

Canby, Fort, Washington Astoria, Oregon.

Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

Carroll, Fort, Maryland Baltimore, Maryland.

Caswell, Fort, North Carolina Smithville, North Carolina.

Charleston Barracks, South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina.

Chelan Camp, Washington Walla- Walla, Washington.

Cheyenne Depot, Wyoming Cheyenne City, Wyoming.

Chicago, Illinois Chicago, Illinois.

Clark, Fort, Texas Brackettsville, Texas.

Clark's Point, fort at, Massachusetts New Bedford, Massachusetts.

Clinch, Fort, Florida Fernandina, Florida.

Cceur d'Alene, Fort, Idaho Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.

Columbus Barracks, Ohio Columbus, Ohio.

Columbus, Fort, New York New York City, New York.

Colville, Fort, Washington Fort Colville, Washington.

Concho, Fort, Texas Fort Concho, Texas.

Constitution, Fort, New Hampshire New Castle, New Hampshire.

Craig, Fort, New Mexico Fort Craig, New Mexico.

Custer, Fort, Montana Fort Custer, Montana.

D. A. Russell, Fort, Wyoming Cheyenne City, Wyoming.

David's Island, New York Pelham, New York.

Davis, Fort, Texas Fort Davis, Texas.

Delaware, Fort, Delaware Delaware City, Delaware.

Dodge, Fort, Kansas Dodge City, Kansas.

Douglas, Fort, Utah Salt Lake City, Utah.

Duncan, Fort, Texas Eagle Pass, Texas.

Dupre's Tower, Louisiana New Orleans, Louisiana.

Dutch Island, fort on, Rhode Island Jamestown, Rhode Island.

Elliott, Fort, Texas Fort Elliott, Texas.

Ellis, Fort, Montana Fort Ellis, Montana.

Fetterman, Fort, Wyoming Fort Fetterman, Wyoming.

Finn's Point, battery at, New Jersey Salem, New Jersey.

Foote, Fort, Maryland Fort Foote, Maryland.

Fort Monroe Arsenal, Virginia Old Point Comfort, Virginia.

Fort Point, California San Francisco, California.

Fort Union Arsenal, New Mexico Fort Uuion, New Mexico.

Frankford Arsenal, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Fred Steele, Fort, Wyoming Fort Fred Steele, Wyoming.

Gaines, Fort, Alabama via Mobile, Alabama.

Garland, Fort, Colorado Fort Garland, Colorado.

Gaston, Fort, California Hoopa Valley, California.

Gerrish's Island, battery on, Maine Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

Gibson, Fort, Indian Territory Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.

Gorges, Fort, Maine Portland, Maine.

Governor's Island, New York Harbor New York City, New York.

Grant, Fort, Arizona Fort Grant, Arizona.

Gratiot, Fort, Michigan Gratiot, Michigan.

Griffin, Fort, Texas Fort Griffin, Texas.

Griswold, Fort, Connecticut New London, Connecticut.

Hale, Fort, Dakota Fort Hale, Dakota.

Hall, Fort, Idaho Blackfoot, Idaho.

Halleck, Fort, Nevada Fort Halleck, Nevada.

Hamilton, Fort, New York Fort Hamilton, New York.

Harney, Fort, Oregon Camp Harney, Oregon.

Hartsuff, Fort, Nebraska Calamus, Nebraska.

WAR DEPARTMENT. 189

Post or Station. Post-Office.

Hays, Fort, Kansas Hays City, Kansas.

Howard, Camp, Idaho Mount Idaho, Idaho.

Huachuca, Camp, Arizona Tucson, Arizona.

Independence, Fort, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts.

Indianapolis Arsenal, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana.

Jackson Barracks, Louisiana New Orleans, Louisiana

Jackson, Fort, Georgia Savannah, Georgia.

Jackson, Fort, Louisiana via New Orleans, Louisiana.

J. A. Rucker, Camp, Arizona Fort Bowie, Arizona.

Jefferson Barracks, Missouri Jefferson Barracks, Missouri.

Jefferson, Fort, Florida via Key West, Florida.

Jerry's Point, battery on, New Hampshire Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

Johnson, Fort, South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina.

Johnston, Fort, North Carolina Smithville, North Carolina.

Kennebec Arsenal, Maine Augusta, Maine.

Keogh, Fort, Montana Fort Keogh, Montana.

Key West Barracks, Florida Key West, Florida.

Klamath, Fort, Oregon Linkville, Oregon.

Knox, Fort, Maine Bucksport, Maine.

Lafayette, Fort, New York Fort Hamilton, New York.

Lapwai, Fort, Idaho Fort Lapwai, Idaho.

Laramie, Fort, Wyoming Fort iiaramie, Wyoming.

Lazaretto Point, fort at, Maryland Baltimore, Maryland.

Leavenworth, Fort, Kansas Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Leavenworth Military Prison, Kansas Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Lee, Fort, Massachusetts Salem, Massachusetts.

Lewis, Fort, Colorado Pagosa Springs, Colorado.

Lime Point, fort at, California San Francisco, California.

Little Rock Barracks, Arkansas Little Rock, Arkansas.

Livingston, Fort, Louisiana via New Orleans, Louisiana.

Logan, Fort, Montana Fort Logan, Montana.

Long Island Head, battery at, Massachusetts.. ..Boston, Massachusetts.

Long Point Batteries, Massachusetts Provincetown, Massachusetts.

Lowell, Fort, Arizona Tucson, Arizona.

Lyon, Fort, Colorado Fort Lyon, Colorado.

Mackinac, Fort, Michigan Mackinac, Michigan.

Macomb, Fort, Louisiana via New Orleans, Louisiana.

Macon, Fort, North Carolina Beaufort, North Carolina.

Madison Barracks, New York Sacket's Harbor, New York.

Marcy, Fort, New Mexico Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Marion, Fort, Florida St. Augustine, Florida.

McClary, Fort, Maine Kittery, Maine.

McDennit, Fort, Nevada Fort McDermit, Nevada.

McDowell, Fort, Arizona Fort McDowell, Arizona.

McIIenry, Fort, Maryland Baltimore, Maryland.

Mclntosh, Fort, Texas Laredo, Texas.

McKavett, Fort, Texas Fort McKavett, Texas.

McKinney, Fort, Wyoming Fort McKinney, Wyoming.

McPherson, Fort, Nebraska Cottonwood Springs, Nebraska.

McRea, Fort, New Mexico Aleman, New Mexico.

McRee, Fort, Florida Warrington, Florida.

Meade, Fort, Dakota Fort Meade, Dakota.

Mifflin, Fort, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Missoula, Fort, Montana Missoula, Montana.

Mojave, Fort, Arizona Mojave City, Arizona.

Monroe, Fort, Virginia Old Point Comfort, Virginia.

Montgomery, Fort, New York Rouse's Point, New York.

Morgan, Fort, Alabama via Mobile, Alabama.

Moultrie, Fort, South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina.

Mount Vernon Barracks, Alabama Mount Vernon, Alabama.

Newport Barracks, Kentucky Newport, Kentucky.

New York Arsenal, New York New York City, New York.

Niagara, Fort, New York Youngstown, New York.

190 THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Post or Station. Post-Office.
North Fork of Canadian River, camp on, In-
dian Territory via Wichita, Kansas.

North Platte Station, Nebraska North Platte, Nebraska.

Oglethorpe Barracks (see Savannah) Georgia... Savannah, Georgia.

Omaha, Fort, Nebraska Omaha, Nebraska.

Ontario, Fort, New York Oswego, New York.

Pembina, Fort, Dakota Pembina, Dakota.

Phoenix, Fort, Massachusetts Fairhaven, Massachusetts.

Pickens, Fort, Florida Warrington, Florida.

Pike, Fort, Louisiana via New Orleans, Louisiana,

Pikesville Arsenal, Maryland Pikesville, Maryland.

Pinckney, Castle, South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina.

Plattsburgh Barracks, New York Plattsburgh, New York.

Point San Jose", California San Francisco, California.

Popham, Fort, Maine Parker's Head, Maine.

Porter, Fort, New York Buffalo, New York.

Portland Head, battery on, Maine Portland, Maine.

Preble, Fort, Maine Portland, Maine.

Presidio of San Francisco, California San Francisco.

Priest's Rapids, Washington

Pulaski, Fort, Georgia Savannah, Georgia.

Randall, Fort, Dakota Fort Randall, Dakota.

Reno, Fort, Indian Territory Fort Reno, Indian Territory

Riley, Fort, Kansas Fort Riley, Kansas.

Ringgold, Fort, Texas Rio Grande City, Texas.

Robinson, Fort, Nebraska Fort Robinson, Nebraska.

Rock Island Armory and Arsenal, Illinois Rock Island, Illinois.

San Antonio, Texas San Antonio, Texas.

San Antonio Arsenal, Texas San Antonio, Texas.

Sanders, Fort, Wyoming Laramie City, Wyoming.

San Diego Barracks, California San Diego, California.

San Diego, Texas.. San Diego, Texas.

Sandy Hook, fort at, New Jersey New York City, New York.

San Felipe, Texas Del Rio, Texas.

Savannah (Oglethorpe Barracks), Georgia Savannah, Georgia.

Scaminel, Fort, Maine Portland, Maine.

Schuyler, Fort, New York Westchester, New York.

Selden, Fort, New Mexico Fort Selden, New Mexico.

Sewell, Fort, Massachusetts Marblehead, Massachusetts.

Shaw, Fort, Montana Fort Shaw, Montana.

Sheridan, Camp, Nebraska Camp Sheridan, Nebraska.

Ship Island, Mississippi Mississippi City, Mississippi.

Sidney, Fort, Nebraska Sidney, Nebraska.

Sill, Fort, Indian Territory Fort Sill, Indian Territory.

Sisseton, Fort, Dakota Fort Sisseton, Dakota.

Snelling, Fort, Minnesota Fort Snelling, Minnesota.

Springfield Armory and Arsenal, Massachusetts.Springfield, Massachusetts.

Standish, Fort, Massachusetts Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Stanton, Fort, New Mexico Fort Stanton, New Mexico.

Stevens, Fort, Oregon Astoria, Oregon.

Stevenson, Fort, Dakota Fort Stevenson. Dakota.

Stockton, Fort, Texas Fort Stockton, Texas.

St. Augustine (St. Francis Barracks), Florida. ..St. Augustine, Florida.

St. Louis Barracks, Missouri St. Louis, Missouri.

St. Louis Powder Depot, Missouri Jefferson Barracks, Missouri.

St. Philip, Fort, Louisiana via New Orleans, Louisiana.

Sullivan, Fort, Maine Eastport, Maine.

Sully, Fort, Dakota Fort Sully, Dakota.

Sumter, Fort, South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina.

Supply, Fort, Indian Territory Fort Supply, Indian Territory.

Taylor, Fort, Florida Key West, Florida.

Thomas, Camp, Arizona Camp Thomas, Arizona.

Totten, Fort, Dakota Fort Totten, Dakota.

Townsend, Fort, Washington Port Townsend, Washington

Trumbull, Fort, Connecticut New London, Connecticut

WAR DEPARTMENT. 191

Post or Station. Post-Office.

Union, Fort, New Mexico Fort Union, New Mexico.

Vancouver Arsenal, Washington Vancouver, Washington.

Vancouver, Fort, Washington Vancouver^ Washington.

Verde, Fort, Arizona Fort Verde, Arizona.

Wadsworth, Fort, New York Stapleton, New York.

Wallace, Fort, Kansas Fort Wallace, Kansas.

Walla-Walla, Fort, Washington Walla- Walla, Washington.

Warren, Fort, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts.

Washakie, Fort, Wyoming Fort Washakie, Wyoming.

Washington Arsenal, District of Columbia Washington, District of Columbia.

Washington, Fort, Maryland Fort Washington, Maryland.

Watertown Arsenal, Massachusetts Watertown, Massachusetts.

Watervliet Arsenal, New York West Troy, New York.

Wayne, Fort, Michigan Detroit, Michigan.

West Point Military Academy, New York West Point, New York.

Whipple Barracks, Arizona Prescott, Arizona.

Whipple, Fort, Virginia Georgetown, District of Columbia.

Willet's Point, New York Whitestone, Long Island.

Wingate, Fort, New Mexico Fort Wingate, New Mexico.

Winthrop, Fort, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts.

Wolcott, Fort, Rhode Island Newport, Rhode Island.

Wood, Fort, New York New York City, New York.

Wool, Fort, Virginia Old Point Comfort, Virginia.

Yates, Fort, Dakota Fort Yates, Dakota.

Yerba Buena Island, California San Francisco, California.

Yuma, Fort, California Yuma, Arizona.

UNIVERSITY

N AYT DEPAETMENT.

The Navy Department was established
by the act of Congress of April 30, 1798,
and went into practical operation in the
month of June following, the charge of
naval affairs prior to that date having
been in the War Department.

The Secretary of the Navy is the head
of this Department.

The Department is divided into the
following bureaus :

Bureau of Yards and Docks ;

Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting ;

Bureau^of Navigation ;

Bureau of Ordnance ;

Bureau of Construction and Repairs ;

Bureau of Steam Engineering ;

Bureau of Provisions and Clothing ;

Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE SEC-
RETARY.

It is the duty of the Secretary of the
Navy to provide naval stores and mate-
rials for the construction, armament,
equipment, and employment of vessels
of war, and all other matters connected
with the naval establishment.

He must cause all flags, standards, and
colors taken by the navy from the ene-
mies of the United States to be collected
and transmitted to him at the seat of
Government.

He is authorized to cause to be pre-
pared by the Hydrographic Office maps,
charts, and nautical books relating to
and required in navigation, and to pub-
lish and furnish them to navigators at
the cost of printing and paper ; and to
purchase the plates and copyright of such
existing maps, charts, navigators' sailing
directions arid instructions as he may
consider necessary.

The Secretary of the Navy must make
the following annual reports to Con-
gress :

192

A statement of the appropriations of
the preceding fiscal year for the Depart-
ment of the Navy, showing the amount
appropriated under each specific head, the
amount expended under each head, and
the balance remaining unexpended June
30 preceding ; to be accompanied with
estimates of the probable demands which
remain on each appropriation.

A statement of all offers for contracts
for supplies and services made during
the preceding year, by classes, indicat-
ing those which have been accepted.

A statement showing the amounts ex-
pended during the preceding fiscal year
for wages of mechanics and laborers em-
ployed in building, repairing, or equip-
ping vessels of the navy, or in receiving
and securing stores and materials for those
purposes, and for the purchase of mate-
rial and stores for the same purpose ; and
showing the cost or estimated value of
the stores on hand, under this appropria-
tion, in the navy-yards at the commence-
ment of the preceding fiscal year; and
the cost or estimated value of the articles
belonging to this appropriation which
may be on hand at the navy-yards at the
close of the preceding fiscal year.

The Secretary of the Navy may cause
persons in the naval service or Marine
Corps, who become insane while in ser-
vice, to be placed in such hospital as will
be most convenient and best calculated to
promise a restoration of reason.

He may establish, at such places as he
may deem necessary, suitable depots of
coal, and other fuel, for the supply of
steam ships of war.

He is authorized and directed to sell
at public sale such vessels and materials
of the navy as, in his judgment, cannot
be advantageously used, repaired, or
fitted out ; and he must report the sales
of such vessels or materials, the names
of the parties buying the same, the

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

193

amount realized therefrom, and all other
facts connected therewith to Congress,
annually.

He is authorized, under the direction
of the President, to cause such vacant and
unappropriated lands of the United States
as produce the live-oak and red-cedar
timbers to be explored, and selection to
be made of such tracts or portions thereof,
when the principal growth is of either of
such timbers, as in his judgment may be
necessary to furnish the navy a sufficient
supply of the same.

The Secretary must annually submit
to Congress estimates of the claims and
demands chargeable upon and payable
out of the Naval Pension Fund. He is
trustee of that fund.

All appropriations for specific, general,
and contingent expenses of the Navy De-
partment are under the control and ex-
pended by direction of the Secretary of
the Navy, and the appropriation for each
bureau is kept separate in the Treasury
Department.

All appropriations made for the prep-
aration or publication of foreign hydro-
graphic surveys are only applicable to
their object upon the approval by the
Secretary of the Navy, after a report
from three competent naval officers to
the effect that the original data for pro-
posed charts are such as to justify their
publication.

All provisions, clothing, hemp, and
other materials of every name and na-
ture for the use of the navy, and the
transportation thereof, when time will
permit, must be furnished by contract by
the lowest bidder, after due advertise-
ment for proposals to furnish the pro-
visions and materials wanted.

All ransom-money, salvage, bounty, or
proceeds of condemned property, accru-
ing or awarded to any vessel of the navy,
must be distributed and paid to the offi-
cers and men entitled thereto in the same
manner as prize-money.

NAVY PENSION FUND.

All money accruing and which has ac-
crued to the United States from the sale
of prizes shall be and remain forever a
fund for the payment of pensions to the
officers, seamen, and marines who may
be entitled to receive the same ; and if
such fund be insufficient for the purpose,
the public faith is pledged to make up the
deficiency ; but if it should be more than
sufficient, the surplus shall be applied to
the making of future provision for the

comfort of the disabled officers, seamen,
and marines.

The surplus fund, after paying the pen-
sions due, is invested in the registered
securities of the United States; and it
draws interest at the rate of three per
centum per annum.

PRIVATEER PENSION FUND.

The Secretary is also trustee of the
Privateer Pension Fund. Two per centum
of the net amount of the prize-money
arising from captured vessels and cargoes,
and on the net amount of salvage of ves-
sels and cargoes recaptured by the private
armed vessels of the United States, must
be paid over to the Collector of Customs
at the port at which the captured vessel
may arrive, or to the Consul residing at
the port, not within the United States, at
which such vessel may arrive ; and the
moneys arising therefrom are pledged by
the Government of the United States as
a fund for the support and maintenance
of the widows and orphans of such per-
sons as may be slain, and of such persons
as may be wounded and disabled on board
of the private armed vessels of the United
States in any engagement with the en-
emy, to be assigned and distributed in
such manner as maybe provided by law.
The Collectors and Consuls must deposit
the said two per centum in the Treasury
Department.

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk 2500

1 di.?l>u' - sing clerk and superintendent... 2250
4clerks, oach 1800

1 stenographer 1600

3 clerks, each 1600

4 " " 1200

3 " " 1000

2 messengers, each 840

2 laborers, each 660

The Chief Clerk has the general charge,
subject to the direction of the Secretary,
of this office, conducts the correspond-
ence, and supervises the duties of the
other clerks.

The chiefs of the several bureaus have
charge and custody of the books, records,
and accounts pertaining to their respect-
ive duties, and all of the duties of the
bureau chiefs are performed under the
authority of the Secretary, and their
orders are considered as emanating from
him, and they have full force and effect
as such. All estimates for specific, gen-
eral, and contingent expenses of the De-

194

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

partinent And of the several bureaus mus
be furnished to the Secretary of the Navy
by the chiefs of the respective bureaus.

BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS.

This Bureau has charge of the navy-
yards and naval stations, their construc-
tion and repair ; the purchase of timber
and various other materials.

The chief of this Bureau has the rank
of commodore, navy pay.

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Ohief clerk $1800

1 draughtsman 1800

1 clerk 1800

1 " 1600

1 " 1400

1 " 1200

1 " 1000

] assistant messenger 720

1 laborer.... .

BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT AND RE-
CRUITING.

This Bureau has charge of the equip-
ment of all vessels of war, the supply of
their sails, rigging, anchors, and fuel ;
also the recruiting of sailors of the vari-
ous grades for the navy.

The chief of this Bureau has the rank
of commodore, navy pay.

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $1800

1 clerk 1800

1 " 1600

2 clerks, each 1400

2 " " 1200

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer 660

BUREAU OF NAVIGATION.

This Bureau supplies vessels of war
with maps, charts, chronometers, barom-
eters, flags, signal-lights, glasses, and
stationery 5 has charge of the publication
of charts, the Nautical Almanac, and
surveys. The Naval Observatory and
Hydrographic Office are under the direc-
tion of this Bureau.

The chief of this Bureau has the rank
of commodore, navy pay.

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $1800

1 clerk 1600

1 " 1400

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer 660

UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVA-
TORY.

PURPOSES AND USES OP THE NAVAL
OBSERVATORY.

The Naval Observatory, at Washing-
ton, owes its origin to those wants and
uses of the navy that pertain to naviga-
tion, as that at Greenwich, England, es-
tablished in 1675, owes its origin to the
demands of a maritime nation for im-
provements in navigation.

As is well known, it is by the science
of astronomy by methods of lunar dis-
tances that longitudes at sea are found.
This is of incalculable benefit to com-
merce and navigation.

FORCE EMPLOYED IN NAVAL OBSERVATORY.
Navy Officers.

Rear-Admiral, superintendent in

charge Navy Pay.

4 assistants, with rank of lieutenant " "

1 master " "

3 professors of mathematics, with

rank of captain " "

2 professors of mathematics, with

rank of commander " '

professor of mathematics, with

rank of lieutenant " "

Civil Officers and Employes.

Per Annum.
1 clerk $1800

3 assistant astronomers, each 1500

1 instrument-maker 1500

Per Month.

1 employe 1 in charge of grounds $80.00

3 watchmen, each 60.00

1 messenger 53.22

1 porter 53.22

The following observations on the use-
fulness of Government observatories were
made in a report submitted to Congress
n 1878, by Rear-Admiral John Rodgers,
superintendent of the Naval Observatory
at "Washington :

"As European sailors did in former
times, Chinese sailors now grope along
;he shore, running from point to point,
anchoring at night, and lost when at sea.
By means of observatories, men were
nabled to tabulate the motions and the
jlaces of the heavenly bodies, and to cal-
mlate a nautical almanac, which, being
published for some three years in advance
f its time of use, enables vessels en-
gaged on the longest voyages to have
Iways in possession the accurate places
f the sun, moon, and stars, arranged
or every day of the year. Every time

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

195

the position of a ship at sea is put upon
the chart, this position is found by obser-
vation of some heavenly body by the
navigator, and made useful by reference
to the nautical almanac. When fogs or
storms hinder observations, the position
is carried by estimation and rough meas-
urements of speed and direction from the
last celestial observation.

" It thus appears that the work of ob-
servatories blends so intimately with
modern navigation, that no cargo can be
exported or brought home except through
the agency of astronomical results.

" That astronomical observatories are
absolutely necessary to the ocean com-
merce of the world, is a proposition which
no man can deny. There are many pri-
vate observatories in the United States,
generally conducted by men of great
abilities, some of them directed by men
of supreme talents.

" It may be asked why these private
observatories cannot do the work of Gov-
ernment observatories. These private
observatories are generally attached to
places of instruction, and they are de-
voted rather to education than long-con-
tinued labor directed to a particular end,
this end often not a brilliant one, and not
calculated to bring any great reputation
to the patient toiler. For instance, a
professor now in the Naval Observatory
has been more than a quarter of a cen-
tury employed every fair night, when not
sick from malaria, in making a catalogue
pf the stars and in tabulating their places
more accurately than has been done be-
fore. Some of the more important stars
have had their places measured and re-
measured as often as six hundred times ;
generally the standard stars are measured
more than two hundred times.

"This work, 'rectifying the tables of
the motions of the heavens and the places
of the fixed stars, for perfecting the art
of navigation,' was included in the war-
rant of Charles II. for the erection of
Greenwich Observatory.

" The patient, sustained work of the
Government observatory would be for-
eign to the intention of the private ob-
servatory ; and when the private astron-
omer, urged by his genius and his thirst
for knowledge, engages in work aside
from his regular occupation, it is more
apt to be in fields of discovery, or of
astronomical investigation of recent facts,
than in plain plodding tables, such as are
, old in science, though new in accuracy.

u The Naval Observatory is very re-
motely a means of education, and its field

does not clash with the one in which
private observatories labor. As the aims
of the two are different, their work is
not alike. The Government observatory
works on old themes ; the private observ-
atory devises new ones. Both are neces-
sary in the world, and neither can be
spared. Very fortunately, only one
claims Government aid."

HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE.

In this office all charts for the use of
the navy, and for mariners generally, are
drawn, engraved, printed, and photolith-
ographed ; sailing directions are prepared
and published, and other hydrographic
information collected and issued for the
improvement of the means of navigating
safely the vessels of the navy and of the
mercantile marine.

FORCE EMPLOYED IN THE HYDROGRAPHIC
OFFICE.

Naval Officers.

Captain and hydrographer to Bu-
reau of Navigation Navy Pay.

2 commanders, each

5 lieutenant-commanders, each

6 lieutenants, each

7 masters, each

2 ensigns, each

Civil Employes.

Per Month.

1 clerk $120.00

1 draughtsman 175.00

1 " 120.00

2 draughtsmen, each 100.00

1 draughtsman 50.00

2 writers, each 75.00

1 paint-lights 75.00

5 laborers, each 55.00

1 chief draughtsman 191.66

1 draughtsman 133.33

2 draughtsmen, each 108.33

2 " " 80.00

1 file clerk 60.00

1 laborer 40.00

Per Diem.

2 printers, each $4.00

2 engravers, each 4.00

1 engraver 3.50

2 engravers, each 3.00

NAUTICAL ALMANAC.

This is in charge of a professor of
mathematics, with the relative rank of
captain, navy pay.

The following civil employes are en-
gaged in preparing for publication the
American Ephemeris and Nautical Air

196

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

2 computers, each.
2

Per Annum.

I messenger.

1500

1200

720

BUREAU OF ORDNANCE.

This Bureau has charge of the manu-
facture of naval ordnance and ammu-
nition 5 the armament of vessels of war ;
the arsenals and magazines; the trials
and tests of ordnance, small arms, and
ammunition ; of the torpedo service, the
torpedo station at Newport, and the ex-
perimental battery at Annapolis.

Chief of Bureau, with rank of com-
modore, navy pay.

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $1800

1 draughtsman 1800

1 clerk 1600

1 " 1400

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer 660

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND
REPAIRS.

This Bureau has charge of dry-docks,
and of all vessels undergoing repairs ;
the designing, building, and fitting out
of vessels, and the armor of iron-clads.

Chief of Bureau, Chief Constructor,
with rank of commodore, navy pay.

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $1800

1 clerk 1800

1 draughtsman 1800

1 clerk 1600

1 " 1400

1 " 1200

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer 660

BUREAU OF STEAM ENGINEERING.

This Bureau directs the designing, fit-
ting out, running, and repairing of the
steam-marine engines, boilers, and ap-
purtenances used on vessels of war, and
the work-shops in the navy-yards where
they are made and repaired.

Chief of Bureau, Engineer-in-Chief,
with rank of commodore, navy pay.

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $1800

1 chief draughtsman 2250

1 assistant draughtsman 1600

1 clerk..., .. 1400

Per Annum.

1 clerk $1200

1 " 3000

1 assistant messenger 720

2 laborers, each 660

BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND
CLOTHING.

This Bureau has charge of all contracts
and purchases for the supply of provis-
ions, water for cooking and drinking pur-
poses, clothing, and small stores for the
use of the navy.

Chief of Bureau, Paymaster-General,
with the rank of commodore, navy pay.

Per Annum.
Chief clerk $1800

1 clerk ]800

2 clerks, each 1600

2 " " 1400

3 " " 1200

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer.... . 660

BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY.

This Bureau superintends everything
relating to medicines, medical stores,
surgical instruments, and hospital sup-
plies required for the treatment of the
sick and wounded for the navy and Ma-
rine Corps.

Chief of Bureau, Surgeon-General,
with rank of commodore, navy pay.

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $1800

1 clerk 1600

1 1200

1 " 1000

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer 660

For the hospitals and laboratory, $40,000.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Per Annum.

9 watchmen, each $720

4 laborers, each 660

1 engineer 1200

1 assistant engineer 1000

1 conductor for elevator 720

3 firemen, each 720

12 charwomen, each 180

UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM, AT
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

OBJECT.

The object of this Asylum is to provide
a comfortable home for disabled and de-
crepit naval officers, seamen, and marines,
who are entitled to the benefits of the
institution.

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

197

KEQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.

Applicants for admission into the Asy-
lum are required to produce evidence of
having served twenty years in the navy.
They must state their age, birthplace,
and physical condition, the vessels in
which they have served, the names of the
commanding officers, and the dates of
such service. They must produce a cer-
tificate from a surgeon of the navy
stating that they are not able to support
themselves by manual labor. Pensioned
applicants may commute their pensions
for places in the Asylum, a similar cer-
tificate being required.

Duties. Beneficiaries are required to
perform such duties for their own benefit,
and that of the institution, as their age,
physical abilities, and condition will
admit.

Pocket- Monet/. For good conduct and
faithful performance of duty each bene-
ficiary receives one dollar per month.

Discipline. For misconduct, such as
drunkenness, fighting, abusive and pro-
fane language, beneficiaries will be pun-
ished by the stoppage of their pocket-
money and tobacco, restriction of their
liberty, confinement in cells, and curtail-
ment of the ration, and in aggravated
cases by dismissal from the Asylum,
which latter punishment requires the
sanction of the Secretary of the Navy.

No liquors of any kind are allowed the
inmates of the institution, and none are
permitted within its enclosures. Inmates
are not allowed to leave without permis-
sion, and no leave is granted for a longer
period than one week, except by authority
of the Navy Department.

OFFICERS OP NAVAL ASYLUM.

Governor Navy Pay.

1 executive officer "

1 surgeon "

1 chaplain "

1 secretary "

1 carpenter "

CIVIL EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.
1 superintendent $600

1 matron 360

2 assistant cooks, each 168

4 laundresses, each 168

6 laborers, each 240

1 master-at-arms 480

1 barber 360

1 steward 480

1 cook 240

1 chief laundress 192

8 scrubbers and waiters, each 168

1 stable-keeper and driver 360

1 corporal 300

Per Annum.

1 carpenter $845

Support of beneficiaries, all out of Naval
Pension Fund, $43,500 per annum.

UNITED STATES NAVAL HOSPITALS.

There is a Naval Hospital at each of
the following cities, at which medical
officers of the navy are on duty, and for
the support of which the sum of 50,000
yearly is appropriated :

Portsmouth, New Hampshire ; Chelsea,
Massachusetts ; Brooklyn, New York ;
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Annapolis,
Maryland ; Washington, District of Co-
lumbia; Norfolk, Virginia; Pensacola,
Florida ; Mare Island, California ; Yoko-
hama, Japan.

NAVAL ACADEMY AT ANNAPOLIS,
MARYLAND.

The Naval Academy is an institution
for the instruction of young men in the
arts of naval warfare and to fit them as
officers in the navy, and it bears the
same relation to the navy as the Military
Academy at West Point, New York, does
to the army.

It is governed by an officer of the navy
of high rank (at present a rear-admiral)
as Superintendent, who has two assist-
ants, also naval officers, of lower rank.

The Academy is divided into Depart
ments, as follows :

Commandant and Assistant Comman-
dants of Cadets.

Department of Seamanship.

Department of Ordnance and Gunnery.

Department of Mathematics.

Department of Steam Engineering.

Department of Astronomy and Navi-
gation.

Department of Physics and Chemistry.

Department of Mechanics and Applied
Mathematics.

Department of English Studies, His-
tory, and Law.

Department of Modern Languages.

Department of Drawing.

In each of these Departments naval
officers serve as instructors, there being
upwards of fifty in all, and these are
called the "Academic staff." There are
a number of other officers not attached to
the Academic staff, but on duty at the
Academy, including medical officers,
officers of the pay corps, chaplains, etc.

Besides the naval officers there are the
following professors, civil officers, and
employes allowed and on duty in the
Academy :

198

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.

2 professors, I of drawing and 1 of

modern languages, each $2500.00

4 professors, 1 of physics, 1 cf chemis-
try, 1 of Spanish, 1 of English

studies, history, and laws, each 2200.00

6 assistant professors, 4 of French, 1

of English studies, histories, and

laws, and 1 of drawing, each 1800.00

Secretary of Naval Academy 1800.00

1 swordmaster 1500.00

2 assistant swordmasters, each 1000.00

1 boxing-master and gymnast 1200.00

1 assistant librarian 1400.00

1 clerk to superintendent 1200.00

1 " " 1000.00

1 " " 800.00

1 " paymaster 1000.00

1 " commandant of cadets 1000.00

1 dentist 1600.00

1 mechanic 600.00

1 cook 325.50

1 armorer 529.50

1 quarter-gunner 409.50

1 baker 600.00

1 messman 288.00

1 messenger to superintendent 600.00

1 gunner's mate 469.50

1 coxswain 469.50

1 seaman in department of seamanship 349.50

1 " " astronomy.. 349.50

1 " " chemistry... 349.50

1 bandmaster 528.00

21 first-class musicians, each 348.00

7 second-class musicians, each 300.00

1 steam-pipe fitter 730.00

Per Diem.

Captain of watch and weigher $2.50

4 watchmen, each 2.00

1 foreman of the gas and steam-heating

works 5.00

1 attendant of the gas and .-team heating

works 3.00

1 attendant of the gas and stc-am-heating

works 2.50

8 attendants of the gas and steam-heating

works, each 2.00

1 foreman of joiners..., 3.50

1 " painters 3.50

1 " masons 3.50

2 joiners, each 2.50

1 painter 2.50

1 mason 2.50

1 tinner 2.50

1 gasfitter 2.50

1 mechanic 2.25

I master-laborer 2.28

3 laborers, each 2.00

II " " 1.50

1 laborer to superintend cade's' quarters.. 2.00

1 master boiler-maker 3.50

1 " machinist 3.50

1 pattern-maker 3.50

2 machinists, each 2.50

2 blacksmiths, each 2.50

1 moulder 2.50

2 laborers, each 1.50

6 attendants, each.
20 servants, each..

Per Month.

$20.00

.. 20.00

REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE AS-
MISSION OF CANDIDATES INTO THE
NAVAL ACADEMY AS CADET-MID-
SHIPMEN.

NOMINATION.

I. The number of Cadet-Midshipmen
allowed at the Academy is one for every
Member and Delegate of the House of
Representatives ; one for the District of
Columbia ; and ten appointed at large.

II. The nomination of candidates for
admission from the District of Columbia
and at large is made by the President.
The nomination of a candidate from any
Congressional District or Territory is
made on the recommendation of the
Member or Delegate from actual residents
of his District or Territory.

III. Each year, as soon after the 5th
of March as possible, Members and Dele-
gates will be notified in writing of vacan-
cies that may exist in their districts. If
such Members or Delegates neglect to
recommend candidates by the 1st of July
in that year, the Secretary of the Navy
is required by law to fill the vacancies
existing in districts actually represented
in Congress. They will be filled by ap-
pointments from the districts in which
the vacancies exist.

IV. The nomination of candidates is
made annually between the 5th of March
and the 1st of July. Candidates who are
nominated in time to enable them to reach
the Academy on the llth of June will
receive permission to present themselves
at that time to the Superintendent of the
Naval Academy for examination as to
their qualifications for admission. Those
who are nominated prior to July 1, but
not in time to attend the June examina-
tion, will be examined on the 22d of Sep-
tember following ; and should any candi-
date fail to report, or be found physically
or mentally disqualified for admission, in
June, the Member or Delegate from whose
district he was nominated will be notified
to recommend another candidate, who
shall be examined on the 22d of Septem-
ber following. When any of the dates
assigned for examinations fall on Sunday,
the examination will take place on the
following Monday.

V. A sound body and healthy consti-
tution, good mental abilities, a natural
aptitude for study and habits of applica-
tion, persistent effort, an obedient and
orderly disposition, and correct moral
principles and deportment, are so neces-
sary to success in pursuing the course at
the Academy, that persons conscious of
any deficiency in these respects are

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

199

earnestly recommended not to subject
themselves or their friends to the morti-
fication and disappointment consequent
upon failure, by accepting nominations
and attempting to enter a service for
which they are not fitted.

EXAMINATION.

VI. Each candidate for appointment as
Cadet-Midshipman must present to the
Academic Board satisfactory testimonials
of good moral character, and must certify
on honor to his precise age, which must
be over fourteen and less than eighteen
years at the time of the examination. No
candidate will be examined whose age
does not fall within the prescribed
limits.

VII. Candidates must be physically
sound, well formed, and of robust consti-
tution 5 they will be required to pass a
satisfactory examination before a Medical
Board composed of the surgeon of the
Naval Academy and two other medical
officers, to be designated by the Secretary
of the Navy.

VIII. Any one of the following con-
ditions will be sufficient to cause the re-
jection of a candidate :

Feeble constitution, inherited or ac-
quired 5

Greatly-retarded development ;

Permanently-impaired general health ;

Decided cachexia, diathesis, or predis-
position ;

All chronic diseases, or results of in-
juries that would permanently impair
efficiency, viz. :

Weak or disordered intellect ;

Cutaneous and communicable diseases ;

Unnatural curvature of spine, torti-
collis, or other deformity :

Permanent inefficiency of either of the
extremities or articulations from any
cause ;

Epilepsy or other convulsions within
five years ;

Impaired vision, or chronic disease of
the organs of vision ;

Great hardness of hearing, or chronic
disease of the ears ;

Chronic nasal catarrh, ozoena, polypi,
or great enlargement of the tonsils ;

Impediment of speech to such an extent
as to impair efficiency in the performance
of duty ;

Chronic diseases of heart or lungs, or
decided indications of liability to cardiac
or pulmonary affections ;

Hernia,or retention of testes in inguinal
cavity ;

Sarcocele, hydrocele, stricture, fistula,
or hemorrhoids ;

Large varicose veins of lower limbs,
scrotum, or cord ;

Chronic ulcers.

Attention will also be paid to the stat-
ure of the candidate ; and no one mani'
festly under size for his age will be re-
ceived into the Academy. In case of
doubt about the physical condition of the
candidate, any marked deviation from the
usual standard of height will add materi-
ally to the consideration for rejection.
Five feet will be the minimum height for
the candidate.

The Board will exercise a proper dis-
cretion in the application of the above
conditions to each case, rejecting no can-;
didate who is likely to be efficient in the
service, and admitting no one who is
likely to prove physically inefficient. No 1
candidate rejected by the Board will be
allowed a re-examination.

IX. The candidate must pass a satis-
factory examination before the Academic
Board in reading, writing, spelling, arith-
metic, geography, and English grammar.

X. All the examinations, except in
reading, will be written. Candidates who
fall below the standard will receive a
second and final examination in the sub-
jects in which they fail. Deficiency in
any one of the subjects at the second ex-
amination will be sufficient to insure re-
jection.

XL " Candidates rejected at such ex-
aminations shall not have the privilege
of another examination for admission to
the same class unless recommended by
the Board of Examiners." (Rev. Stat.,
\ 1515.)

GENERAL CHARACTER OP THE QUESTIONS.

XII. ARITHMETIC. Notation and NU*
meration. The candidate is required to
express in figures any whole number,
decimal, or mixed number; to write in
words any given number ; and to explain
the Roman and Arabic systems of nota-
tion.

Denominate Numbers. The tables of
money, weights, and measures in com-
mon use, including English money ; ad-
dition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division of denominate numbers : the
relation existing between the troy and
avoirdupois pound ; number of cubic
inches in a gallon ; reduction of differ-
ences of longitude to their equivalents in
time, and vice versa.

Fractions. The candidate must be

200

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

familiar with all processes of common
and decimal fractions, and is expected to
be able to give clearly the reasons for
such processes, and to be familiar with
the contracted methods of multiplication
and division given in the ordinary text-
books on arithmetic.

Properties of Numbers. Test of divisi-
bility of numbers by 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 25,
125, etc. ; the resolution of composite
numbers into prime factors ; the method
of determining whether any number is
prime or composite, and of finding the
greatest common divisor and the least
common multiple of large as well as of
email numbers.

Ratio and Proportion. Definitions and
explanations of the nature of ratio and
proportion ; different methods of writing
a proportion ; solution of problems in
simple and compound proportion.

Percentage, Interest, and Discount. Ex-
amples usually given under these heads
in arithmetics.

Mensuration. The measurement of
rectangular surfaces and volumes.

Evolution. The extraction of square
and cube roots.

Analysis. Miscellaneous problems
usually classed under this head, similar
to those found in school arithmetics. It
is essential that the candidate shall be
thoroughly proficient in .all branches of
arithmetic; unusual excellence in this
will be allowed to count in his favor in
case of a slight deficiency in other sub-
jects.

Should persons intending to present
themselves as candidates acquire a knowl-
edge of algebra, it will be found to be of
material assistance in the course of study
pursued at the Academy, although not
required for admission.

When practicable, should the candi-
date so prefer, algebraic solutions of
problems may be substituted for arith-
metical solutions.

GEOGRAPHY. Candidates will be ques-
tioned on the grand divisions of the land
and water ; the character of coast-lines ;
the direction and position of mountain-
chains, and the locality of important
peaks 5 the position and course of rivers,
their tributaries, and the bodies of water
into which they empty; the position of
important seas, bays, gulfs, and arms of
the sea ; the political divisions of the land,
their position, boundaries, and capital
cities ; the position and direction of great
peninsulas, and the situation of impor-
tant and prominent capes ; straits, sounds,
channels, and the most important canals ;

great lakes, and inland seas ; position
and political connection of imp'ortant
islands and colonial possessions ; locality
of cities of historical, political, or com-
mercial importance (attention is specially
called to the rivers and bodies of water
on which cities are situated) ; the course
of a vessel in making a voyage between
well-known seaports.

GRAMMAR. Candidates will be ex-
amined in the whole of English grammar
as treated in the common-school text-
books, embracing the following subjects :
The divisions of letters and the use of
capitals ; the parts of speech ; the classi-
fication of nouns, and the distinctions of
persons, gender, and number ; under
number, the rules for the formation of
the plural, nouns irregular and defective
in number, the plural of proper names ;
under case, the different uses of the three
cases, the rules for inflection, the changes
in ending to denote case ; the difference
between the definite and indefinite article,
and the use of a or an; the classification
of adjectives; the explanation of the
different degrees of comparison ; the rules
for comparing adjectives ; irregular and
defective comparison; numerals and their
classification ; the double classification
of pronouns, first, into substantives and
adjectives, secondly, into personals, rela-
tives, etc. ; peculiarities in the use of
personal pronouns, as the difference be-
tween my and mine, between thou and
you, and the various uses of it ; com-
pound personal pronouns ; the double
office of relatives, and the different classes
of objects to which each of them is
applied ; compound relative pronouns ;
interrogative pronouns ; adjective pro-
nouns, or pronominal adjectives, and
their classification ; the classification and
conjugation of verbs; the relations be-
tween transitive and intransitive verbs ;
the principal parts of regular, irregular,
and defective verbs ; the uses and inflec-
tion of auxiliaries ; the essential pecu-
liarities in the use of voice, mood, tense,
number, and person ; tense-endings and
personal endings ; impersonal verbs ; the
classification, formation, and comparison
of adverbs ; conjunctive adverbs ; the use
of prepositions, interjections, and conjunc-
tions, with the classification of the latter.

The rules for the construction and ar-
rangement of words and sentences, given
under syntax.

Parsing, according to the following
model ; giving in the case of each word
the explanation of its grammatical rela-
tion to the other words in the sentence

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

201

Noun: Class, gender, number, person,
case.

Article : Definite or indefinite j quali-
fied noun.

Adjective: Class, compared or not com-
pared ; comparison, if admitting it ; de-
gree of comparison ; qualified noun.

Personal pronoun: Person, gender,
number, case.

Relative pronoun: Person, gender,
number, case, antecedent.

Interrogative pronoun : Gender, num-
ber, case.

Adjective pronoun (or pronominal ad-
jective) : Class ; qualified word.
Verb: Class, form, principal parts,
tense, mood, voice, person, number, sub-
ject.

Adverb : Class, derivation and compar-
ison, if derived and compared ; qualified
word.

Preposition : Words between which the
relation is shown by the preposition.

Interjection : The kind of emotion ex-
pressed.

Conjunction : Class ; words or sen-
tences connected.

READING. Candidates will be ex-
amined in reading aloud English prose.

WRITING AND SPELLING. Candidates
will be required to write a short original
letter, and an exercise in dictation, and
to spell twenty-four words in common use.

An examination in English branches
containing eight or more mistakes in
spelling will not be considered satis-
factory, and will be sufficient of itself
to cause the rejection of the candidate.

ADMISSION.

XIII. Candidates who pass the physi-
cal and mental examinations will receive
appointments as Cadet-Midshipmen, and
become inmates of the Academy. Each
Cadet will be required to sign articles by
which he binds himself to serve in the
United States Navy eight years (includ-
ing his time of probation at the Naval
Academy), unless sooner discharged.
The Academic course is six years. The
pay of a Cadet-Midshipman is $500 a
year, commencing at the date of his ad-
mission.

XIV. Cadets, immediately after their
admission, will supply themselves with
the following articles, viz. :

parade-suit $37.72

undress-suit 20.95

working-suit 2.41

overcoat 23.30

rubber coat 4.54

1 parade-cap $4.10

1 undress-cap 1.63

*2 pairs high shoes 11.50

*8 white shirts 11.04

*2 night-shirts 2.10

*4 under-shirts 2.24

12 linen collars 1.68

*8 pairs socks 2.00

*4 pairs, drawers 2.12

#6 handkerchiefs 1.62

*8 towels 2.06

2 pairs drill-gloves 1.16

2 pairs Lisle-thread gloves 50

#1 pair suspenders 38

1 neck-tie 50

2 clothes-bags 50

1 hair mattress 6.75

1 straw mattress 1.32

1 hair pillow 83

1 pair blankets 3.87

2 bedspreads 2.10

6 sheets 3.66

4 pillow-cases 1.00

1 tooth-brush 23

*1 hair-brush 73

*1 whisk 17

#1 coarse comb 10

#1 fine comb 39

1 mug 10

*1 cake soap 10

1 soap-dish 10

1 requisition-book 30

1 laundry-book 30

1 pass-book 30

1 stencil and ink ; 1 brush 41

#1 thread-and-needle case 53

1 rug 1.55

1 wash-basin and pitcher 1.30

1 looking-glass 85

1 water-pail 65

1 slop-bucket 57

1 broom 27

Total $162.47

The articles marked *, not being re-
quired to conform to a standard pattern,
may be brought by the Cadet from home,
but all other articles must conform to the
regulations, and must, therefore, be sup-
plied by the storekeeper.

Each Cadet-Midshipman must, on ad-
mission, deposit with the paymaster the
sum of $20, for which he will be credited
on the books of that officer, to be ex-
pended, by direction of the Superintend-
ent, in the purchase of text-books and
other authorized articles besides those
enumerated in the preceding article.

All the deposits for clothing, and the
entrance-deposits of $20, must be made
before a candidate can be received into
the Academy.

SUMMARY OF EXPENSES.

Deposit for clothing $162.47

Deposit for books, etc 20.00

Total deposit required $182.47

202

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The value of clothing brought from
home is to be deducted from this amount.

Each Cadet-Midshipman, one month
after admission, will be credited with the
amount of his actual expenses in travel-
ling from his home to the Academy.

XV. A Cadet-Midshipman who volun-
tarily resigns his appointment within a
year of the time of his admission to the
Academy will be required to refund the
amount paid him for travelling expenses.

Upon graduation, to complete which
two years' service at sea, after passing
the academic course, is requisite, Cadets
receive appointments as Midshipmen in
the navy, and according to their pro-
ficiency as shown by their order of merit
at the date of graduation.

REGULATIONS FOR THE APPOINT-
MENT OF CADET-ENGINEERS IN
THE UNITED STATES NAVY.

I. In pursuance of law, applications
will be received by the Navy Department
for the appointment of Cadet-Engineers.

II. The application is to be addressed
to the Secretary of the Navy, and can be
made by the candidate or by any person
for him, and his name will be placed on
the register. The registry of a name,
however, gives no assurance of an ap-
pointment, and no preference will be
given in the selection to priority of appli-
cation.

III. The number of appointments
which can be made is limited by law to
twenty-five each year. The candidate
must not be less than sixteen nor more
than twenty years of age ; he will be re-
quired to certify on honor to his precise
age, to the Academic Board, previous to
his examination, and no one will be ex-
amined who is over or under the pre-
scribed age. His application must be
accompanied by satisfactory evidence of
moral character and health, with infor-
mation regarding date of birth and edu-
cational advantages hitherto enjoyed.
Candidates who receive permission will
present themselves to the Superintendent
of the Naval Academy on the 15th of
September for examination as to their
qualifications for admission.

IV. The course of study will comprise
four years at the Naval Academy, and
two additional years at sea. All Cadets
who finally graduate will be commis-
sioned Assistant Engineers in the Navy
as vacancies occur. The pay of a Cadet-
Engineer while at the Naval Academy is
$500 per annum.

V. The academic examination previous
to appointment will be competitive, and
will be on the following subjects, namely :
Arithmetic ; algebra, through equations of
the first degree; plane geometry ; rudimen-
tary natural philosophy ; reading ; writ-
ing; spelling; English grammar; English
composition ; geography ; free-hand draw-
ing, and an elementary knowledge of the
principles governing the action of the
steam-engine. Candidates who possess
the greatest skill and experience in the
practical knowledge of machinery, other
qualifications being equal, shall have pre-
cedence for admission.

Persons who contemplate presenting
themselves as candidates for admission as
Cadet-Engineers are cautioned that the
number of applicants is large, and the
competition exceedingly close. It is,
therefore, useless for candidates to pre-
sent themselves unless well prepared on
the subjects of the examination, and un-
less their physical qualifications are
within the prescribed standard.

VI. Candidates must be physically
sound, well formed, and of robust con-
stitution ; they will be required to pass a
satisfactory examination before a Medical
Board composed of the surgeon of the
Naval Academy and two other medical
officers to be designated by the Secretary
of the Navy.

The requirements relative to the phys-
ical condition of candidates for admission
as Engineer Cadets are the same as those
prescribed for Cadet-Midshipmen, as set
forth on page 179.

VII. Cadets, immediately after their
admission, will supply themselves with
the same articles as required of Cadet-
Midshipmen.

VIII. Each Cadet-Engineer must, on
admission, deposit with the paymaster the
sum of $50, for which he will be credited
on the books of that officer, to be ex-
pended, by direction of the Superintend-
ent, in the purchase of text-books and
other authorized articles.

All the deposits for clothing, and the
entrance deposit of $50, must be made
before a candidate can be received into
the Academy.

SUMMARY OP EXPENSES.

Deposit for clothing $162.47

Deposit for books and instruments 50.00

Total deposit required $212.47

The value of clothing brought from
home is to be deducted from this amount.

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

203

Each Cadet-Engineer, one month after
admission, will be credited with the
amount of his actual expenses in travel-
ling from his home to the Academy.

IX. A Cadet-Engineer who voluntarily
resigns his appointment within a year of
the time of his admission to the Academy
will be required to refund the amount
paid him for travelling expenses.

UNITED STATES NAVY.

The Line-Officers of the navy are
classed as follows :

Admiral. Lieutenant-Commander.

Vice-Admiral. Lieutenant.

Rear-Admiral. Master.

Commodore. Ensign.

Captain. Midshipman.

Commander.

Naval command is exercised by the
above-designated officers in the order
named.

The officers of the Staff of the navy
consist of the Medical, Pay, and Engi-
neer Corps, Chaplains, Professors of
Mathematics, Naval Constructors, and
Secretaries to Admiral and Vice-Admiral.

When the offices of Admiral and Vice-
Admiral become vacant, the grades will
cease to exist.

The present active list of the navy
comprises the following: One Admiral ;
one Vice-Admiral, eleven Rear- Admirals,
twenty-five Commodores, fifty Captains,
ninety-one Commanders, eighty Lieu-
tenant-Commanders, two hundred and
eighty Lieutenants, one hundred Mas-
ters, one hundred Ensigns, and forty-four
Midshipmen.

The Admiral and Vice-Admiral each
are allowed a secretary, with the rank
and allowances of a lieutenant.

MEDICAL CORPS.

This Corps consists of fifteen Medical
Directors, fifteen Medical Inspectors,
fifty Surgeons, and one hundred Assist-
ant Surgeons.

PAY CORPS.

This Corps consists of thirteen Pay
Directors, thirteen Pay Inspectors, fifty
Paymasters, thirty Passed Assistant
Paymasters, and twenty Assistant Pay-
masters.

Paymasters of the fleet of vessels
having complements of more than 175
persons, on supply steamers, store-vessels,

and receiving-ships, at stations and at
the Naval Academy, and those detailed
at stations as inspectors of provisions and
clothing, are each allowed a clerk.

ENGINEER CORPS.

This Corps consists of seventy Chief
Engineers, of three grades, viz. : ten with
the relative rank of captain, fifteen with
that of commander, and forty-five with
that of lieutenant-commander, or lieu-
tenant-, one hundred and forty Assistant
Engineers, with the relative rank of lieu-
tenant, master, or ensign.

Twenty-four chaplains are allowed for
the public armed vessels in actual service.

Twelve professors of mathematics are
allowed.

Naval constructors and assistant naval
constructors, in such number as may be
necessary, are appointed, and they have
rank and pay as officers of the navy.

A civil engineer and naval storekeeper
is allowed for each of the navy-yards.

The number of persons who may at
one time be enlisted in the Navy of the
United States, including seamen, ordinary
seamen, landsmen, mechanics, firemen,
coal-heavers, and including 750 appren-
tices and boys, shall not exceed 8250.

The term of enlistment is not less than
three nor more than five years ; boys be-
tween the ages of fifteen and eighteen
may be enlisted until they arrive at the
age of twenty-one years, with the consent
of parents or guardians.

PROVISIONS FOR THE RETIREMENT
OF NAVY OFFICERS.

Officers are retired on their own appli-
cation, after forty years' service ; and
when sixty-two years old, with some ex-
ceptions, they are retired. They are, also,
retired on account of disability, to be
inquired into and reported upon by a
board ; and if the disability is the result
of an incident of the service, the officer
is entitled to full retired pay, that is,
seventy-five per cent, of active pay, but
if the disability is not the result of ah
incident of the service, the officer will
only be entitled to furlough pay.

Officers of the Medical, Pay, and Engi-
neer Corps, chaplains, professors of math-
ematics, and constructors who shall have
served faithfully for forty-five years, shall,
when retired, have the relative rank of
commodore ; and officers of these several
corps who have been or shall be retired
at the age of sixty-two years, before hav-

204

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

ing served for forty-five years, but who
shall have served faithfully until retired,
shall, on the completion of forty years
from their entry into service, have the
relative rank of commodore.

KELATIVE NAVY RANK.

Admiral, with general.

Vice-Admiral, with lieutenant-general.

Rear-Admiral, with major-general.

Commodore, with brigadier-general.

Captain, with colonel.

Commander, with lieutenant-colonel.

Lieutenant-Commander, with major.

Lieutenant, with captain.

Master, with first lieutenant.

Ensign, with second lieutenant.

The Chiefs of the Bureaus of Medicine
and Surgery ; Provisions and Clothing ;
Steam Engineering; and Construction
and Repair, Navy Department, have the
relative rank of commodore while hold-
ing said positions, and have respectively
the title of Surgeon-General, Paymaster-
General, Chief Engineer, and Chief Con-
structor.

Officers of the Medical Corps on the
active list have relative rank in the navy
as follows :

Medical directors, the rank of captain.

Medical inspectors, rank of comman-
der.

Surgeons, rank of lieutenant-comman-
der, or lieutenant.

Passed assistant surgeons, rank of lieu-
tenant, or master.

Assistant surgeons, rank of master, or
ensign.

Officers of the Pay Corps rank as fol-
lows :

Pay directors, rank of captain.

Pay inspectors, rank of commander.

Paymasters, rank of lieutenant-com-
mander, or lieutenant.

Passed assistant paymasters, rank of
lieutenant, or master.

Assistant paymasters, rank of master,
or ensign.

Chaplains rank as follows :

Four have relative rank of captain ;
seven of commander ; and seven of lieu-
tenant-commander, or lieutenant.

Professors of mathematics rank as fol-
lows :

Three have relative rank of captain ;
four of commander ; and five of lieuten-
ant-commander, or lieutenant.

Naval constructors rank as follows :

Two have relative rank of captain ;
three of commander : and all the others
of lieutenant-commander, or lieutenant.

Assistant naval constructors, rank of
lieutenant, or master.

Officers of the Medical, Pay, and Engi-
neer Corps have no authority to exercise
military command.

UNITED STATES NAVY VESSELS.

The vessels of the navy are classed as
follows :

First-rates comprise steamships of
4000 tons displacement and upwards ;
iran-clad steamers of 3000 tons measure-
ment and upwards ; ships-of-the-line,
commissioned for sea service.

Second-rates comprise steamships of
2000 to 4000 tons displacement; iron-
clad steamers of 2000 to 3000 tons
measurement ; frigates (sailing), com-
missioned for sea service.

Third-rates comprise steamships of
900 to 2000 tons displacement ; iron-clad
steamers of 1200 to 2000 tons measure-
ment ; sloops-of-war (sailing), commis-
sioned for sea service.

Fourth-rates comprise steamships below
800 tons displacement, despatch-vessels,
and store-ships.

DETAIL OF COMMAND.

Officers of the navy are assigned to
command as follows :

An Admiral may command a fleet or
fleets.

A Vice-Admiral may command a fleet,
or a division of a fleet, under the Admiral;
be Commander-in-Chief of a squadron ; or
may command a naval station.

A Rear- Admiral may command a fleet
or squadron, a squadron or division,
under an Admiral or Vice-Admiral ; be
Chief of Staff of a naval force, under an
Admiral or Vice-Admiral ; or may com-
mand a naval station.

A Commodore may command a division
or a squadron, or be Chief of Staff of a
naval force commanded by an Admiral, a
Vice- or Rear-Admiral ; or may command
ships of the first class, naval stations, or
the vessel of an Admiral, Vice-Admiral,
or Rear-Admiral commanding a fleet.

A Captain commands a vessel of the
second class, or a vessel of the first class
under an Admiral, Vice- or Rear-Admiral,
or a Commodore ; may be employed as
aid to any grade of Admiral ; as Chief of
Staff to a naval force or detached divi-
sion, commanded by a Rear-Admiral or
Commodore ; on duty under a Bureau of
the Navy Department ; act as second in
command of a shore-station ; and may

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

205

command small practice or flying squad-
rons.

A Commander commands vessels of the
third and fourth classes; may be em-
ployed as Chief of Staff to a Commodore ;
on duty under a Bureau ; or as aide to a
flag-officer of either grade on shore-sta-
tions.

A Lieutenant- Commander may act as
aid to an Admiral, Vice-Admiral, Rear-
Admiral, or Commodore commanding
afloat ; as aid or executive of a command-
ing officer 5 navigating or watch-officer
in first, second, and third rates ; and per-
forms duty at shore-stations or under a
Bureau, and may be ordered to command
a vessel of the fourth class.

A Lieutenant may perform duty on
board vessels of all classes ; he may per-
form duty in the engine-room should it
be necessary, and will perform such duty
on shore-stations as may be assigned
him.

A Master may be attached to all classes
of vessels, performing such duties as may
be assigned by the commanding officer,
including duty in the engine-room if
necessary.

Ensigns are ordered to the different
classes of vessels ; perform duty in the
engine-room if required ; the duties of
Masters' Mates on decks, hold, and fore-
castle, and such other duties as may be
assigned by the commanding officer.

Midshipmen and Mates perform such
duties as may be assigned them by their
commanding officer, including duties on
the several decks, in the hold, and in the
engine-room.

PETTY OFFICERS.

The Petty Officers of the navy are
divided into two classes : Petty Officers
of the Line and Petty Officers.

The class of Petty Officers of the Line,
and the order of rank, with the order of
their succession to command, is as fol-
lows:

1. Boatswains' Mates.

2. Gunners' Mates.

3. Signal Quartermaster.

4. Coxswain to Commander-in-Chief.

5. Captains of Forecastle.

6. Quartermasters.

7. Quarter-Gunners.

8. Coxswains.

9. Captains of Maintop.

10. Captains of Foretop.

11. Captains of Mizzentop.

12. Captains of Afterguard.

All other Petty Officers, except the
Master-at-Arms, who is the chief Petty
Officer in the vessel in which he serves,
are called Petty Officers, and take prece-
dence and have assimilated rank as fol-
lows :

To rank next after the Master-at-Arms:

Ship's Yeomen.
Machinists.
Engineers Yeomen.
Apothecaries.
Paymaster's Yeomen.
Masters of the Band.
Schoolmasters.
Ship's Writers.

To rank next after Gunner' s Mates :

Carpenter's Mates.
Boiler-Makers.
Armorers.
Sailmaker's Mates.

To rank next after Captain of Afterguard:

Coppersmiths.

Painters.

Coopers.

Armorer's Mates.

Ship's Corporals.

Captains of Hold.

Ship's Cooks.

Bakers.

Petty Officers exercise no authority ex-
cept in the department in which they
belong, or over those placed immediately
under their control. Precedence among
those of the same rate is established by
the commanding officer.

Marines.

Orderly Sergeants of Marines rank
next after Master-at-Arms ; all other
Sergeants with Gunner's Mates : and all
Corporals with Captain of Afterguard.

Non-commissioned officers of Marines
cannot exercise military authority or
command over those not of their corps,
unless on guard or police duty, or when
specially authorized so to do by the com-
manding officer of the vessel or station.

When serving afloat, Petty Officers of
the navy take precedence of non-com-
missioned officers of Marines holding the
same relative rank ; but when serving as
troops on shore, the non-commissioned
officers take precedence.

The officers of vessels of the United
States Navy shall in all cases be citizens
of the United States.

206

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

RATIONS.

All officers and seamen are entitled to
rations.

The daily ration of the navy consists
of one pound of salt pork, with half a
pint of beans or peas ; or one pound of
salt beef, with half a pound of flour and
two ounces of dried apples, or other dried
fruit ; or three-quarters of a pound of
preserved meat, with half a pound of rice,
two ounces of butter, and one ounce of
desiccated " mixed vegetables ;" or three-
quarters of a pound of preserved meat,
two ounces of butter, and two ounces of
desiccated potatoes, together with fourteen
ounces of biscuit, one-quarter of an ounce

of tea, or one ounce of coffee or cocoa,
and two ounces of sugar ; and a weekly
allowance of half a pint of pickles, half a
pint of molasses, and half a pint of vin-
egar.

The commutation price of a single
ration is thirty cents.

The commanding officer of any fleet,
squadron, or vessel of the navy, acting
singly, when upon the high seas, or in
any foreign port, where there is no resi-
dent Consul of the United States, is
authorized to exercise all the powers of
a United States Consul in relation to
mariners.

The navy is governed by sixty articles,
prescribed by act of Congress.

Pay of Officers of the United States Navy.

GEADE.

At Sea.

On Shore
Duty.

On Leave
or Waiting
Orders.

$13 000

9,000

8,000

6.000

6 000

5 000

4 000

5,000

4,000

3 000

CAPTAINS

4 500

3 500

2 800

3,500

3,000

2,300

LIEUTENANT-COMMANDERS
First four years after date of commission

2,800

2,400

2,000

After four years from date of commission . .

3 000

2 600

2 200

LIEUTENANTS
First five years after date of commission. ... .

2 400

2 000

1 600

After five years from date of commission

2,600.

2,200

1,800

MASTERS
First five years after date of commission

1,800

1,500

1,200

After five years from date of commission. . . .

2 000

1 700

1 400

ENSIGNS
First five years after date of commission. . ....

1 200

1 000

800

1 400

1,200

1 000

MIDSHIPMEN (after graduation)

1 000

800

600

500

900

700

500

MEDICAL AND PAY DIRECTORS AN& MEDICAL AND PAY INSPEC-
TORS AND CHIEF ENGINEERS, HAVING THE SAME RANK, AT SEA..

4,400

FLEET- SURGEONS, FLEET-PAYMASTERS, AND FLEET-ENGINEERS..

4,400

SURGEONS, PAYMASTERS, AND CHIEF ENGINEERS
First five years after date of commission

2 800

2 400

2 000

Second five years after date of commission

3 200

2 800

2 400

Third five years after date of commission

3 500

3 200

2 600

Fourth five years after date of commission

3 700

3 600

2 800

After twenty years from date of commission

4 200

4 000

3 000

PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEONS, PASSED ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS,
AND PASSED ASSISTANT ENGINEERS
First five years after date of appointment

2 000

1 800

1,500

After five years from date of appointment .

2 200

2 000

1 700

ASSISTANT SURGEONS, ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS, AND ASSISTANT
ENGINEERS

1 700

1,400

1,000

After five years from date of appointment

1 900

1 600

1 200

CADET-ENGINEERS
Before final academic examination ,

500

1,000

800

600

* After leaving Academy, at sea, $950 per annum.

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

Pay of Officers of the United States Navy. (Continued.)

207

GRADE.

At Sea.

On Shore
Duty.

On Leave
or Waiting
Orders.

NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS

$3,200

$2,200

3,400

2,400

3,700

2,700

4,000

3,000

4,200

3,200

ASSISTANT NAVAL CONSTRUCTORS

2,000

1,500

2,200

1,700

2,600

1,900

CHAPLAINS

$2,500

2,000

1,600

After five years from date of commission

2 800

2,300

1,900

PROFESSORS OP MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERS
First five years after date of appointment

2 400

2,400

1,500

2,700

1,800

Third five years after date of appointment . . ...

3 000

3,000

2,100

3,500

2,600

BOATSWAINS, GUNNERS, CARPENTERS, AND SAIL-MAKERS

1,200

900

700

Second three years after date of appointment ..

I 300

1,000

800

Third three years after date of appointment

1,400

1,300

900

1,600

1,300

1,000

1,800

1,600

1,200

NOTE. Officers on furlough receive half of leave of absence pay.

Pay Table.

SECRETARIES Per Annum.

To Admiral and Vice-Admiral (on shore) $2500

To Naval Academy 1800

CLERKS

First clerk to commandants of navy-yards 1500

Second clerks to commandants of navy-yards 1200

To commandant at navy-yard, Mare Island 1800

To commandants of naval stations 1500

CLERKS TO PAYMASTERS

At navy-yard, Mare Island 1800

At navy-yards, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington 1600

At navy-yards, Kittery, Norfolk, and Pensacola 1400

At other stations 1300

At receiving- ship, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia 1600

At receiving-ship, Mare Island 1800

At other receiving-ships, on vessels of the first rate, at the Naval Academy, and at

the Naval Asylum 1300

On vessels of the second rate, and to fleet-paymasters 1100

On vessels of the third rate, and supply-vessels and store-ships. 1000

To inspectors in charge of provisions and clothing at navy-yards, Boston, New York,

Philadelphia, and Washington 1600

At other places of inspection 1300

YEOMEN

To paymasters, first class 750

To paymasters, second class ($50 per month) 600

To paymasters, third class ($40 per month) 480

APOTHECARIES

At Mare Island 1000

First class... 750

Second class ($40 per month) 480

Third class ($30 per month)....! 360

208

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
Pay Table Petty Officers, Seamen, etc.

PAY PER MONTH.

Hag-ship.

1st Rate.

2d Rate.

3d Rate.

4th Rate.

Seamen gunners

$33.50
31.50
28.50
31.50
28.50
31.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
31.50
26.50
76.50
41.50
41.50
36.50
23.50
26.50
31.50
23.50
23.50
21.50
15.50
21.50
17.50
15.50
15.50
11.50
10.50
9.50
31.50
26.50
21.50
61.50
61.50
61.50
36.50
31.50

$33.50
31.50
28.50
31.50
28.50
31.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
31.50
26.50
76.50
41.50
41.50
3650
23.50
^26.50
31.50
23.50
23.50
21.50
15.50
21.50
17.50
15.50
15.50
11.50
10.50
9.50
31.50
26.50
21.50
61.50
61.50
61.50
36.50
31.50

$33.50

Chief boatswain's mates

Boatswains' mates

28.50

Chief gunner's mates

Gunners' mates ...

28.50
31.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
26.50
31.50
26.50
76.50
41.50
41.50
36.50
23.50
26.50
31.50
23.50
23.50
21.50
15.50
21.50
17.50
15.50
15.50
11.50
10.50
9.50
31.50
26.50
21.50
56.50
56.50
56.50
36.50
31.50

Quartermasters

Coxswains. . .

Captains of afterguard

Quarter-gunners .

Coppersmiths

$31.50

26.50
26.50
26.50
23.50
36.50
31.50
31.50
26.50
21.50
19.50
19.50
15.50

Painters first class

41.50

36.50

31.50

51.50

36.50

31.50

Chief boatswain's and chief gunner's mates allowed to vessels not having boatswains.
Seamen, ordinary seamen, and landsmen, who shall perform the duties of firemen and coal-

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

200

heavers (including service with condensing apparatus), shall be paid thirty-three (33) centa
per diem, subject to the conditions of the circular of the Navy Department dated June 5, 1871,
from and including the day the fires are lighted until and inclusive of the day after they are hauled,
in addition to their pay as seamen, ordinary seamen, or landsmen, respectively, provided their
monthly pay shall not exceed the regular pay of firemen and coal-heavers.

Men enlisted for the engineers' force will be rated first and second class firemen, and be paid
accordingly, when serving aboard of sea-going vessels.

Men enlisting under continuous-service certificates will be entitled to receive one dollar per
month, in addition to the pay of their respective ratings, for each consecutive re-enlistment for
three years within three months from the date of their discharge, and also three months' pay
as bounty.

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS.

This Corps consists of one commandant,
with the rank of colonel ; one colonel,
two lieutenant-colonels, four majors, one
adjutant and inspector, with the rank of
major; one paymaster, with the rank of
major ; one quartermaster, with the rank
of major; two assistant quartermasters,
with the rank of captain ; 20 captains,
30 first lieutenants, 18 second lieutenants,
1 sergeant-major, I quartermaster ser-
geant, 1 drum-major, 1 principal musician,
140 sergeants, 180 corporals, 30 musicians
for a band, 96 drummers and fifers, and
1500 privates.

Enlistments are for five years.

It is provided by law that the members
of the " Marine Band'' shall receive four
dollars a month, each, in addition to the
regular pay, for performing on the Capi-
tol Grounds, and the grounds attached to
the Executive Mansion. Marines are
entitled to the navy ration, and they may
be detached for service on board the
armed vessels of the United States : they
are also liable for duty in the forts and
garrisons, on the sea-coasts, and other
duty on shore. They are subject to the
laws and regulations of the navy, except
when detached for service with the army
by order of the President, when they are
subject to the Rules and Articles of War
for the army.

Officers of the Marine Corps are retired
in the same manner and on the same
conditions as officers of the army.

Vessels of the United States Navy.
FEBRUARY, 1879.

Name, Rate, and Class.

5TS

1ST RATES.

Colorado

Screw...

4fi

3032

4700

Franklin

Screw...

3173

5170

Minnesota

Screw...

4fi

3000

4700

Wabash

Screw...

3000

465(1

Name, Bate, and Class.

Propulsion.

4
a

Tonnage.

it!

2D RATES.

Connecticut, and class....
Florida

Screw..
Screw

2869
2135

4450

2019

Tennessee..

Screw

2840

4840

Antietarn
Java..

Screw..
Screw

21
21

2490
2490

4000

New York
Pennsylvania
Susquohanna..
Lancaster, and class

Screw..
Screw...
Screw..
Screw...

21
21

23
22
20

2490
2490
2213
2120
2000

4070
4000
3980
3250

Pensacola

Screw

2000

3000

Hartford

Screw

Richmond

2000

2700

Congress

Screw

2QOQ

3Q5Q

Worcester .. .

Trenton

Powhatan, and class
Alaska and cluss

Paddle.

17
12

2182
1122

3980

Benicia
Omaha
Plymouth
Lackawanna, and class...
Ticonderoga
Canandaigua
Monongahela
Shenandoah...

Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw

12
12
12
10
11
10
11
11

1122
1122
1122
1026
1019
955
960
9''9

2400
2400 ,
2400,
2220
2220 .
2130
2100
210O

3D RATES.

Juniata
Ossipee

Screw...

828

S"S

1900

Quiunebang
Swatara
Galena

Screw...
Screw...
Screw

8"
8
g

910
910
910

1900
1900

Vandalia
Marion
Mohican

Screw...
Screw...
Screw

8
8
g

981
910
910

2080
1900
1900

Iroquois
Wachusett
Wyoming
Tuscarora
Kearsarge

Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...

6
6
6
6

695
695
726
726
695

1575
1575
1560
15(50
1550

Adams
Alliance

Screw...

6
g

615
615

1375
1375

Essex

615

Enterprise
Nipsic

Screw...

6
g

615
615

1375
1375

Ashuelot, and class
Monocacy .. .

Paddle.
Paddle

6
g

786
747

1370
1370

Narragansett
Alert*
Ranger

Kansas, and class
Saco
Nyack

Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw

3
3

566
541

541
410
410

410 i

1235
1020
1020
900
900

Slmwnint
Yantic

Michigan, and class

Screw...
Screw...
Paddle.

3
3

410 1
410 |
450

900
900
685

210

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Name, Bate, and Class.

Propulsion .

Tonnage.

Displace-
ment.

4TH RATES.

Frolic*

Paddle

4-0

614

1300

Paddle

518

1100

Tallapoosa

Paddle

j-2

650

1270

Palos*

Screw...
Screw

306

1730

420

Paddle

325

.......*.

WOODEN SAILING-

VESSELS.

2D RATES.

New Hampshire
New Orleans
Ohio
Yermont

Sails....
Sails....
Sails....
Sails .

2600
2800
2700
2600

4150
4200
4250
4150

3D RATES.

1st Class.
Constellation

Sails ..

1236

1886

Constitution
Independence
Saline

Sails....
Sails....
Sails .

22
9 2

1335
1891
1475

2200
3270
2450

Santee

Sails

1475

2430

Savannah
2d Clots.
Portsmouth
Cyane

Sails....

Sails....
Sails ...

14
2

1475

846
695

2330

1125
950

Jamestown
Saratoga
St. Louis
St. Mary's
Dale

Sails....
Sails....
Sails....
Sails....
Sails

16
4

"ie"
8

888
757
431
766
320

1150
1025
830
1025
675

Pawnee

4TH RATES.

Guard
Onward ;
Belief
Supply

Sails....

Sails....
Sails....
Sails....
Sails....

t2
3
2
t2

872

925
704
468
547

1650

* Iron vessel.

J Old measurement.

f Battery of howitzers.
Iron -Clad Vessels.

Name.

Bate.

Class.

Ajax

Fourth

Screw

Amphitrite

Third-

Screw ..

Canonicus

Fourth.
Fourth

Screw...

Catskill

Fourth

Screw...

Colossus
Dictator

Second..

Screw...

Fourth

Screw

Lehigh
Mahopac

Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth

Screw...
Screw...

Massachusetts
Miantonomah
Monadnock

Second..
Third...
Third...
Fourth

Screw...
Screw...
Screw...

Fourth

Screw ..

Nantucket

Fourth

Screw

Second

Screw

Fourth

Screw

Puritan

Second-

Screw...

Second

Screw

Fourth

Terror
Wyandotte

Third-
Fourth

Screw...
Screw ..

550

874

550

496

2127

1750

496

550

2127

1225

1091

496

2127

2 ! 496

1870

22HO

550

1085

550

lorpeaonoats.

Name. Kate. Class.

c
2
U

6-1

438
311

Intrepid Four
Alarm.... Four

th. Scre\
th. Fowl

v . .

er wheel.

Tugs, etc.

Name.

Bate.

Class.

^ a

Blue Light

Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth

Screw...
Paddle.

Burlington

Catalpa

191
100
30
306
80
139
306
306
52
306
317
168
306
111

62
125
68
306
306
116
306
399

""26*

Cohasset

Screw

Emerald

Fortune ... .

Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth

Screw...

Glance

Jean Sands

Leydon

Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth

Screw

Screw...
Screw...
Screw

2
"*i"

"*2"

Monterey
Nina

Phlox

Fourth-
Fourth.
Fourth

Screw...
Screw...
Screw

Pilgrim

Pinta

Bescue

Rocket

Fourth.

Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth

Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw...
Screw

Bose

Snowdrop
Sorrel

Speedwell

Screw...
Screw

Standish

Spuyteu Duyvil
Triana

Fourth.
Fourth.
Fourth

Screw...
Screw...
Screw .

"*2"

Wyandank

Grapeshot
Seaweed

Fourth.
Fourth.

Screw...
Screw...

:'.::::

Pay Table of the
States J

Grade.
Colonel coinmandan
Colonel

[owitzers.

Officers of the L
farine Corps.

Per A

nited

nnurn.
$3500
3500
3000
2500
2000
1800
1500
1400

Briga-
um in
given
years'
ch in-
m of
rther,
$4500
olonel
>d list
f pay
no in-
ite of

Major (Staff and Li
Captain and assistar
Caotain

no)...

t quartermaster

Second Lieutenant..

NOTE. All officer
dier-General are enl
addition to their cu
above, for each and
service, provided th
crease shall not ex
their current yearly
that the pay of a Co'
per annum, and tha
$4000 per annum,
are entitled to sever
(salary and increase
crease accrues for t
retirement.

3 helow the rank of
itled to ten per cent
[rent yearly pay as
every period of five
e total amount of su
seed forty per centi
my ; and provided fu
onel shall not exceed
t of a Lieutenant-C
Dfficers on the retin
ty-five per centum c
) of their rank, but
ime subsequent to d

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

211

Pay Table of Non- Commissioned Officers, Musicians, and Privates of the United

States Marine Corps.

Grade.

First period
of 5 years'
service.

Second pe-
riod of 5
years.

Third period
of 5 years.

Fourth pe-
riod of 5
years.

Fifth period
of 5 years.

Sergeant-major . .

Per Month.

$23

Per Month.

$27

Per Month.

$28

Per Month.
$29

Per Month.
$30

Quartermaster sergeant

Drum-major . ...

Sergeant

Drummers and fifers

Musician, second class

Musician third class ..

All enlisted men, except musicians of the band, serving on a first period of five years' service,
are entitled to $1 per month for the third year, $2 per month for the fourth year, and $3 per
month for the fifth year's service, in addition to the sums given in the first column above, which
additional amounts are retained until expiration of service, and paid only upon final settlement
and honorable discharge.

One dollar per month is retained from all enlisted men (except the Marine Band) serving
under a re-enlistment. This retained pay is not included in the above table, and is to be credited
and paid only upon final settlement and honorable discharge from service.

NAVY-YARDS AND SHORE STATIONS.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Navy-
Yard and Marine Barracks.

Boston, Massachusetts. Navy-Yard,
Marine Barracks, and Receiving-Ship
AVabash.

Maiden. Massachusetts. Nitre Depot.

Chelsea, Massachusetts. Naval Hos-
pital.

New York City. Navy Yard, Receiv-
ing-Ship Colorado, Naval Laboratory,
Naval Hospital, and Marine Barracks
(Brooklyn).

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (League
Island) Navy-Yard, Naval Asylum, Re-
ceiving-Ship St. Louis, Naval Hospital,

Examining Board of Engineers, and
Marine Barracks.

Washington, District of Columbia.
Navy- Yard, Naval Hospital, Receiving-
Ship Passaic, and Marine Barracks.

Norfolk, Virginia. Navy-Yard, Naval
Hospital, Receiving-Ship Franklin, and
Marine Officers.

Pensacola, Florida. Navy-Yard.

Mare Island, California. Navy-Yard,
Naval Hospital, Receiving-Ship Inde-
pendence, and Marine Barracks.

New London, Connecticut. Naval Sta-
tion.

Port Royal. South Carolina. Store-
Ship New Hampshire, Pawnee.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

This Department was established by act
of Congress of March 3, 1849.

The Secretary of the Interior is the
head of the Interior Department.

There is one Assistant Secretary.

DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY OF THE
INTERIOR.

The Secretary of the Interior is charged
with the supervision* of public business
relating to the following subjects :

The public lands, including mines ; the
Indians ; pensions and bounty lands ;
patents for inventions ; the custody and
distribution of publications ; education ;
the census ; Government Hospital for the
Insane ; Columbia Asylum for the Deaf
and Dumb ; and Territories of the United
States.

He makes reports to Congress of his
operations annually.

He is charged with the receiving, ar-
ranging, and safe-keeping for distribu-
tion to the persons entitled by law to re-
ceive them, all printed journals of the
two houses of Congress, and all books
and documents printed or purchased for
use of the Government, except such as
are printed or purchased for the par-
ticular use of Congress, or of the Execu-
tive Departments.

He is required to furnish to the Depart-
ment of Justice a sufficient number of
the statutes of the United States, and the
decisions of the Supreme Court of the
United States, for distribution to the
officers of the Courts of the United States.
A register of all publications received
must be kept, and an account of all issues
made. Publications are issued only on
the written requisition of the heads of
Departments, Secretary of the Senate,
Clerk of the House of Representatives,
the Librarian of Congress, or such other
officers as are authorized by law to re-
ceive the same. Copies of journals,
books, and public documents are distrib-
212

uted to such incorporated bodies, insti-
tutions, and associations within the States
and Territories as may be designated to
the Secretary by Senators, Representa-
tives, and Delegates in Congress.

He is required to transmit one copy
each of the public journals of the Senate
and House of Representatives to the
Governor of each State and Territory, to
each branch of the State and Territorial
Legislatures, one to every university and
college in each State, and one to the His-
torical Society incorporated in each State ;
and fifty copies of the documents ordered
by Congress shall be used for exchange
with foreign Governments.

Such public documents as are ordered
by the Secretary of State are supplied to
legations and consulates of the United
States. It is the duty of the Superin-
tendent of Public Documents, subject to
the general direction of the Secretary of
the Interior, to collect, arrange, preserve,
pack, and distribute the publications re-
ceived at the Department of the Interior
for distribution.

The Secretary is charged with the com-
pilation and printing, in each year in
which a new Congress assembles, of the
Biennial Register or Blue Book of the
United States, which contains the lists of
all officers, clerks, employes, and agents,
civil, military, and naval, in the employ
of the United States on the 1st of July
of that year; which exhibits the amount
of compensation, pay, and emoluments
allowed to each, the State or country in
which each person was born, the State or
Territory from which appointed to office,
and where employed ; also a list of all ships
belonging to the United States, all con-
tractors with the Government for. carry-
ing the mail, printers of United States
laws and all printers employed by Con-
gress or by any department, and other
matters. An edition of only 750 copies
of this book is printed for the use of Con-
gress, heads of Departments, and a few

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

213

chief officers of the Government. This
book is compiled under the direction of
the Superintendent of Public Documents.

The Secretary must provide a suitable
apartment, to be called the " Return
Office," in which are filed the returns of
contracts made by the Secretary of War,
the Secretary of the Navy, and the Sec-
retary of the Interior, to be attended to
by a clerk. Copies of such returns are
furnished to any person, paying therefor,
at the rate of five cents per 100 words.

He is directed by law to prevent the
Improper appropriation of any public
street, avenue, square, or reservation in
the city of Washington belonging to the
United States.

He has exclusive control of the public
park established near the head-waters of
the Yellowstone River, in the Territories
of Montana and Wyoming.

He must cause to be published, at the
close of each session of^Congress, 11,000
copies of the acts and resolutions passed
by Congress, the amendments to the Con-
stitution adopted, and the public treaties
and postal conventions made and ratified.

The business of the office of the Secre-
tary of the Interior is distributed be-
tween the following divisions :

APPOINTMENT DIVISION.

As its name implies, this Division has
charge of all matters relating to appoint-
ments, removals, official misconduct of
all persons in the service of the Interior
Department, employed at Washington or
elsewhere, and all subjects that pertain
to or grow out of those branches of busi-
ness, including absence of employes, and
of the bonds of officers.

DISBURSEMENT DIVISION.

This Division is in charge of the Dis-
bursing Clerk of the Interior Department,
whose duty consists in making all the
disbursements for the following objects:

Salaries of officers and einploy6s of the
Department.

Contingent expenses.

Repairs of the United States Capitol
and the grounds thereof.

Expenses of Freedmen's Hospital.

Expenses of Smithsonian Institution.

Requisitions fur funds by the Secretary
of the Interior upon the Secretary of the
Treasury are prepared in this Division,
for the following objects :

Support and maintenance of Indian
tribes.

Pay of Indian Agents.

Surveyors-General, Registers, and Re-
ceivers of Public Lands.

Expenses of Government Hospital for
the Insane.

Expenses of Columbia Hospital for
Women.

Children's Hospital.

Soldiers' and Sailors' National Or-
phans' Home.

Columbia Institution for Deaf and
Dumb.

INDIAN AFFAIRS DIVISION.

This Division has charge of all matters
pertaining to the following objects :

Examination of contracts for the pur-
chase of supplies by Indian Agents, and
of accounts for transportation on behalf
of the Indian tribes.

Examination of deeds of lands made to
the Indians.

Claims for damages growing out of
depredations by Indians.

Appointment of Indian Commissioners
and Boards of Appraisement.

Correspondence relating to Indian af-
fairs, except that referring to charges
against officers of the Indian Service.

LANDS AND RAILROADS DIVISION.

This Division has charge of corre-
spondence relating to public lands and
land-grant railroads ; appeals to the
Secretary of the Interior from the de-
cisions of the General Land Office, and
prepares lists of swarnp, railroad, internal
improvement, and other selections of
lands.

PENSION DIVISION.

This Division has charge of pension
lands and bounty lands ; matters relating
to the Government Hospital for the In-
sane, Freedmen's Hospital, Columbia
Hospital for Women, Columbia Institu-
tion for Deaf and Dumb, National
Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home,
and District of Columbia Jail.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT DIVISION.

This Division has the care of all public
documents issued by the Government
which by law are distributed under the
direction of the Secretary of the Interior,
and attends to the distribution of the
same; also the management of the De-
partment Library, and the publication of
the United States Biennial Register.

214

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

RETURNS OFFICE.

In this office are filed the contracts
made by the Secretary of War, Secretary
of the Navy, and the Secretary of the In-
terior.

FORCE IN THE SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Assistant Secretary $3500

Chief clerk 2750

Law clerk 2250

7 chiefs of divisions, each 2000

3 clerks in office Assistant Attorney-Gen-

eral, each 2000

6 clerks, each 1800

1 stenographer 1800

4 clerks, each 1600

4 " " 1400

7 " ' 1200

1 clerk in office Assistant Attorney-Gen-
eral 1200

6 copyists, each 900

5 assistant messengers, each 720

4 laborers, each 660

1 captain of the watch 1000

40 watchmen, each 720

1 engineer 1200

1 assistant engineer 1000

6 firemen, each 720

Temporary clerks 7000

MISCELLANEOUS.

Superintendent Cherokee School, North

Carolina $300

Superintendent Government Hospital for

the Insane, District of Columbia. 2500

Superintendent Hot Springs, Arkansas... 2500

Superintendent of Yellowstone National

Park .. 1500

GENERAL LAND OFFICE,

This office was established by the act
of Congress of April 25, 1812, in the
Treasury Department.

DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIONER OF
THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE.

He performs, under the direction of
the Secretary of the Interior, all exec-
utive duties appertaining to the surveying
and sale of the public lands of the United
States, or in anywise respecting such
public lands, and such duties as relate to
private land claims, and the issuing of
patents for all grants of land under the
authority of the Government.

All returns relative to the public lands
must be made to the Commissioner of the
General Land Office, and he has power to
audit and settle all public accounts re-
lating to the public lands. Upon the

settlement of any such account, he must
certify the balance and transmit the
account, with the vouchers and certifi-
cate, to the First Comptroller of the
Treasury, for his examination and decis-
ion thereon.

It will thus be seen that he is an ac-
counting officer, having the same autho-
rity in the line of his duty respecting
accounts as the Auditors of the Treasury.

Warrants granted by the Secretary of
the Interior, in pursuance of law, giving
land to persons for military services,
must be recorded in the General Land
Office, and patents to such lands are
issued therefrom.

All patents for lands are issued from
this office, in the name of the United
States, signed by the President and
countersigned by the Recorder, and they
are recdrded in the office.

The Recorder in the General Land
Office, in pursuance of instructions from
the Commissioner, certifies and affixes
the seal of the office to all patents for
public lands, and attends to the engross-
ing, recording, and transmission of such
patents. He prepares alphabetical in-
dexes of the names of patentees, and of
persons entitled to patents.

Persons claiming to be interested in or
entitled to land under any grant of the
United States, may be furnished, on ap-
plication, with copies of papers filed; the
same to be made out and authenticated
under the hand of the Secretary of the
Interior and the seal of the General Land
Office. Such exemplifications of papers
are furnished upon the payment by the
persons interested at the rate of fifteen
cents per hundred words, and $2 for
copies of township plats or diagrams,
with an additional sum of $1 for the
Commissioner's certificate of verification
and the seal of his office.

The Commissioner of the General Land
Office has power to establish the maxi-
mum charges for surveys and publication
of notices of mineral lands, to fix the
minimum price of lands to be sold, not
less than $1.25 per acre, and the prices
per mile of public surveys.

Contracts for the survey of public lands
are not binding upon the United States
until approved by the Commissioner.

He is authorized to decide, in accord-
ance with regulations, to be determined
by a board to consist of the Secretary of
the Interior, the Attorney-General of the
United States, and the Commissioner, all
cases of suspended entries of public
lands, and to adjudge in what cases pat-

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

215

ents shall issue upon the same, his action
to be approved by the Secretary of the
Interior and the Attorney-General, and
such adjudications to be reported to Con-
gress. The Commissioner must arrange
his decisions into two classes, the first to
embrace all such cases as are confirmed
by the board, and the second class all
such cases as are rejected. For all lands
of the first class he shall issue patents to
the claimants, and all lands in the second
class revert to and become part of the
public domain. He may order into the
market and sell, after thirty days' notice,
all lands of the second class.

He must cause to be prepared, and cer-
tify, under the seal of his office, such
copies of records, books, and papers on
file in his office as may be applied for to
be used in evidence in courts of justice.

FORCE IN THE GENERAL LAND
OFFICE.

Per Annum.
Commissioner .................................... $4000

Chief clerk ........................................ 2000

Law clerk .......................................... 2000

Recorder ........................................... 2000

1 secretary to the President, to sign land

patents..;. ..................................... 1500

1 principal clerk of private land claims.. 1800

1 " "

6 clerks, each
22 " "
40 " "
80 " "
30 " "
9 copyists, each
1 draughtsman

public lands ............ 1800

surveys .................. 1800

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
900
1600

1 assistant draughtsman ...................... 1400

9 " messengers, each ................. 720

12 laborers, each ................................. 660

6 packers, each ................................... 720

SERVICE OUTSIDE OF WASHINGTON.

""^K:"^"- He,c, q ,,ar era . ^

1 for Arizona Tucson $2,500

For clerks in his office 3,000

1 for California San Francisco. 2,750

For clerks in his office 27,250

1 for Colorado Denver 2,500

For clerks in his office 3,500

1 for Dakota Yankton 2,000

For clerks in his office 6,000

1 for Florida Tallahassee.... 1,800

For clerks in his office 4,000

1 for Idaho BoiseCity 2,500

For clerks in his office 2,500

1 for Louisiana New Orleans.. 1,800

For clerks in his office 8,000

1 for Minnesota St. Paul 2,000

For clerks in his office 5,000

1 for Montana Helena 2,500

For clerks in his office 3,000

Headquarter,
1 for Nebraska and lowa.PIattsmouth,
Neb ...........

For clerks in his office .....................

1 for Nevada ................ Virginia City.

For clerks in his office .......... , ..........

1 for New Mexico ......... Santa Fe ......

For clerks in his office .....................

1 for Oregon ................. Portland ........

For clerks in his office .....................

1 for Utah .................... Salt Lake City

For clerks in his office .....................

1 for Washington Terri-

tory ..................... Olympia ........

For clerks in his office ....................

1 for Wyoming ............. Cheyenne ......

For clerks in his office .....................

$2,000
3,000
2,500
3,000
2,500
6,000
2,500
4,500
2,500
3,000

2,500
4,000
2,500
3,500

DUTIES OF SURVEYORS-GENERAL.

Every Surveyor-General is required to
employ a sufficient number of skilful
surveyors as his deputies, and has power
to administer to them the necessary
oaths ; to frame regulations for their di-
rection, and to remove them for negli-
gence or misconduct in office.

He must cause to be surveyed,
measured, and marked all base and meri-
dian lines through such points, and per-
petuated by such monuments, and such
other correction parallels and meridians
as may be prescribed by law, or by instruc-
tions from the General Land Office, in
respect to the public lands within his
district to which the Indian title has
been extinguished.

He must cause to be surveyed all pri-
vate land claims within his district, after
they have been confirmed by authority of
Congress, so far as may be necessary to
complete the survey of the public lands.

He must transmit to the Register of
the respective land offices within his dis-
trict general and particular plats of all
lands surveyed by him for each land dis-
trict, and forward copies of such plats to
the General Land Office.

He must, so far as compatible with the
desk duties of his office, occasionally in-
spect the surveying operations while in
progress in the field, sufficiently to satisfy
himself of the faithful execution of the
work according to contract; and where he
is unable, by reason of the other duties
of his office, to make personal inspection,
he is authorized to depute a confidential
agent to make such examination, with an
allowance to such agent of $5 a day while
in the field, and actual necessary travelling
expenses, and not to extend in any case
beyond thirty days.

Whenever a Surveyor-General shall
have completed the surveys and records

216

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

of his district, he is required to deliver
over to the Secretary of State of the re-
spective State, including such surveys, or
to such other officer as may be authorized
to receive them, all the field notes, maps,
records, and other papers appertaining to
land titles within the same ; and the
office of Surveyor-General in every such
district thereupon is discontinued.

Surveyors-General are authorized to
appoint in each land district containing
mineral lands as many competent sur-
veyors as shall apply for appointment to
survey mining claims ; the persons ap-
pointed to pay the expenses of survey of
vein or lode claims, and the expenses of
survey and subdivision of placer claims,
in smaller quantities than 160 acres, with
the cost of publication of notices, must
be borne by the applicants.

The public lands are surveyed under
the following rules:

The lands are divided by north and
south lines, run according to the true
meridian, and by other lines crossing
them at right angles, so as to form town-
ships of six miles square.

The corners of the townships are
marked with progressive numbers from
the beginning ; each distance of a mile
between such corners is distinctly marked
with marks different from those of the
corners.

The township is subdivided into sec-
tions, containing 640 acres each, by run-
ning through the same, each way, par-
allel lines at the end of every two miles,
and by making a corner on each of such
lines, at the end of every mile. The
sections are numbered respectively, be-
ginning with the number one in the north-
east section, and proceeding west and
east alternately through the township
with progressive numbers till the thirty-
six are completed.

The Deputy Surveyors must cause to
be marked on a tree near each corner the
number of the section, and over it the
number of the township within which
such section is, and note carefully in their
field-books the names of the corner-trees
marked and the numbers so made.

Where the exterior lines of the town-
ships which may be subdivided into sec-
tions or half-sections exceed or do not
extend six miles, the excess or deficiency
must be specially noted, and added to or
deducted from the western and northern
ranges of sections or half-sections in such
township, according as the error may be
in running the lines from east to west, or
from north to south ; the sections and

half-sections bounded on the northern
and western lines of such townships shall
be sold as containing only the quantity
expressed in the returns and plats respec-
tively, and all others as containing the
complete legal quantity.

All lines must be plainly marked upon
trees, and measured with chains, contain-
ing two perches of 16 fee-t each, sub-
divided into 25 equal links ; the chain
to be adjusted to a standard kept for that
purpose.

Every Surveyor must note in his field-
book the true situation of all mines, salt-
licks, salt springs, and mill-sites which
come to his knowledge ; all water-courses,
and the quality of the lands.

The field-books are to be returned to
the Surveyor-General, whose duty it is to
cause a description of the whole of the
lands surveyed to be made and transmit-
ted to the officers who superintend the
sales. He must cause a fair plat to be
made of the townships and fractional
parts of townships contained in the lands,
describing the subdivisions thereof, and
the marks of the corners. This plat to be
recorded in books, and a copy kept open
at the Surveyor-General's Office for public
information, other copies to be sent to the
places of sale, and to the General Land
Office.

REGISTERS AND RECEIVERS OF
LAND OFFICES.

There are 98 Registers, and the same
number of Receivers, who receive a com-
pensation of $500 a year each, and fees
in addition, prescribed by law, their
maximum compensation not to exceed
$3000 a year each.

They have their offices as follows :

Alabama. At Montgomery, Mobile,
and Iluntsville.

Arizona. At Florence and Prescott.

Arkansas. At Dardanelle, Harrison,
Camden, and Little Rock.

California. At Susanville, Los An-
geles, Shasta, Sacramento, Visalia, Stock
ton, Humboldt, Marysville. San Francisco,
and Bodie.

Colorado. At Del Norte, Pueblo,
Central City, Fair Play, Denver, and
Lake City.

Dakota. At Sioux Falls, Springfield,
Fargo, Yankton, Bismarck, Grand Forks,
and Deadwood.

Florida. At Gainesville.

Idaho. At Boise City, Lewiston, and
Oxford.

Iowa. At Des Moines.

Kansas. At Larned, Kirwin, Con

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

217

cordia, Wichita, Independence, Salina,
Topeka, and Hays City.

Louisiana. At New Orleans, Monroe,
and Natchitoches.

Michigan. At Marquette, Reed City,
East Saginaw, and Detroit.

Minnesota. At Benson, Crookston,
New Ulm, Worthington, Fergus Falls,
Duluth, St. Cloud, Taylor's Falls, and
Redwood Falls.

Mississippi. At Jackson.

Missouri. At Boonville, Ironton, and
Springfield.

Montana. At Helena, Miles City, and
Bozeinan.

Nebraska. At Bloom in gton, North
Platte, Grand Island, Niobrara, Lincoln,
Beatrice, and Norfolk.

Nevada. At Eureka and Carson City.

Neiv Mexico. At Santa F6 and La
Mesilla.

Oregon. At Dalles, Lake View, La
Grande, Roseburgh, and Oregon City.

Utah. At Salt Lake City.

Washington Territory. At Walla
Walla, Vancouver, Colfax, Yakama City,
and Olympia.

Wisconsin. At Eau Claire, Bay field,
La Crosse, Wausau, Saint Croix Falls,
and Menasha.

Wyoming. At Cheyenne and Evans-
ton.

FEES ALLOWED.

For each declaratory statement filed,
and for services in acting on pre-emption
claims, $1.

On all moneys received, a commission
of one per centum.

A commission to be paid by the home-
stead applicant, at the time of entry,' of
one per centum on the cash price as fixed
by law of the land applied for ; and a
like commission when the claim is finally
established, at which time they issue a
certificate as the basis of a patent.

A like commission on lands entered
under any law to encourage the growth
of timber on Western prairies.

For locating military bounty-land
warrants, and for locating agricultural
college scrip, the same commission, to be
paid by the holder or assignee of each
warrant or scrip, as is allowed for sales
of the public lands for cash, at the rate
of $1.25 per acre.

A fee. in donation cases, of $5 for each
final certificate for 160 acres ; $10 for 320
acres ; and $15 for 640 acres.

In the location of lands by States and
corporations, under grants from Congress,
for railroad or other purposes (except for

agricultural colleges), a fee of $1, for
each final location of 160 acres, to be paid
by the State or corporation making such
location.

A fee of $5 a day for superintending
public land sales at their respective offices}
and to each Receiver, travelling expenses
in going to and returning from deposit-
ing the public moneys received by him.

A fee of $5 for filing and acting on
each application for patent or adverse
claim filed for mineral lands, to be paid
by the respective parties.

They are allowed jointly at the rate of
15 cents per one hundred words for
testimony reduced by them to writing for
claimants, in establishing pre-emption
and homestead rights ; and also the same
fee, when the writing is done in the land
office, in establishing claims for mineral
lands.

The Registers and Receivers in Cali-
fornia, Oregon, Washington, Nevada,
Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Arizona,
Utah, Wyoming, and Montana are al-
lowed fifty per cent, more for declara-
tory statement, for entry of land, and
for writing testimony, than the rates be-
fore given.

The excess of fees received at any land
office over the maximum compensation of
$3000 allowed to the Register and Re-
ceiver must be paid into the Treasury.

They are required to make to the Sec-
retary of the Treasury monthly returns
of the moneys received by them, and pay
over such money pursuant to his instruc-
tions ; they must also make like returns
to the Commissioner of the General Land
Office, and transmit to him quarterly ac-
counts current of the debits and credits
of their several offices with the United
States.

They have authority to administer
oaths required by law, or the instructions
from the General Land Office, in connec-
tion with the entry or purchase of public
lands, free of charge.

The Register of the land office must
note all applications for entry of land
under the homestead laws on the tract-
books and plats of his office, and keep a
register of all such entries, and make re-
turn thereof to the General Land Office,
together with the proof upon which they
have been founded.

PUBLIC LANDS.

The public lands are included only
within the States of Alabama, Arkansas,
California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois,

218

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mich-
igan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri,
Nebraska, Nevada. Ohio, Oregon, Wis-
consin, and the Territories of Arizona,
Dakota, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico,
Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. These
States and Territories, with the exception
of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, are divided
into land districts.

MANNER OF ACQUIRING TITLES TO PUBLIC
LANDS.

Every person may procure

Agricultural Lands :

The one class at $1.25 per acre, mini-
mum, and the other at $2.50 per acre, or
double minimum, title to which may be
acquired in the following manner:

By Purchase at Public Sale ; that is, at
public auction, pursuant to proclamation
by the proper authority.

By "Private Entry" or Location; that is,
unsold lands which have been "offered"
at public auction, may be purchased for

Cash

by making written application to the
Register of the district. Upon the cer-
tificate of the Receiver that the tract is
vacant, the purchase-money can be paid,
and at the close of the month the General
Land Office will issue a patent. They
may be purchased with

Bounty Land Warrants
by making application, as in cash cases,
accompanied by the necessary warrants,
duly assigned. Where the warrant or
warrants would not be sufficient in
amount, the balance must be paid in cash.

FEES.

The following fees are chargeable by
the land officers :

For a 40-acre warrant, 50 cents each to Reg-
ister and Receiver, $1.

For a 60-acre warrant, 75 cents each to Reg-
ister and Receiver, $1.50. '

For an 80 -acre warrant, $1 each to Register
and Receiver, $2.

For a 120-acre warrant, $1.50 each to Regis-
ter and Receiver, $3.

For a 1 60-acre warrant, $2 each to Register
and Receiver, $4.

Public lands may also be purchased
with

Agricultural College Scrip, by making 1
application as in cash and warrant cases;
and the lands that may be so purchased
are limited to those not mineral, less
than a quarter-section, subject to private
entry, or to three sections in a township,
or to one million acres in a State.

Agricultural College Scrip is receivable
for the payment of pre-emption claims,
the same as military land warrants.
Also, in payment for homesteads, com-
muted at the rate at which the land is
held, at any time within five years from
date of settlement.

Fees in these cases are chargeable the
same as in warrant cases.

By pre-emption :

Every person, being the head of a
family, or widow, or single person, over
the age of twenty-one years, arrd a citizen
of the United States, or having filed a
declaration of intention to become a citi-
zen, as required by the naturalization
laws, has the right to pre-empt one
quarter-section, or 160 acres, of offered,
unoffered, or unsurveyed lands, and of
reserved sections along the line of rail
roads, under the following limitations :

1. Where the tract is offered land, the
fact of settlement must be filed within
thirty days after date of said settlement,
and within one year proof of actual resi-
dence on, and cultivation of the tract,
from date of settlement, must be made.
Then upon payment of either cash, war-
rants, college scrip, or private claim scrip
the land may be secured.

2. Where the tract is unoffered land,
the fact of settlement must be filed within
three months from date "of settlement,
and within thirty-three months of settle-
ment proof and payment must be made.

3. Where the tract is unsurveyed land,
the fact of settlement must be filed at the
district land office, within three months
after the date of the receipt at that office
of the approved plat containing the tract,
and within thirty-three months proof and
payment must be made.

Joint entry may be made where two
or more settlers are found residing on the
same portion of land ; and should either
pre-emptor die, his rights would inure to
his legal representatives.

Exceptions. Proprietors of 320 acres
of land ; proprietors abandoning their
own lands to reside on public land.

By the Homestead Privilege. Every
person who is the head of a family, or
who is twenty-one years or more of age,
and a citizen of the United States, or who
has filed his declaration of intention to
become a citizen, is entitled to enter a
homestead of 160 acres of ordinary sur-
veyed lands, or 80 acres of alternate sec-
tions lying along the lines of railroads,
or other works of internal improvement,
under the following conditions:

1. The applicant must, in connection

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

219

with his .application, make affidavit before
the Register or Receiver that he is over
the age of twenty-one, or the head of a
family ; that he is a citizen of the United
States, or is to become a citizen ; that the
entry is made for his exclusive use and
benefit, and for actual settlement and
cultivation. He must then pay the legal
fee, and that part of the commission
which is payable when entry is made.

2. Where actual settlement has been
made by the applicant, and he is pre-
vented by good cause from personally
appearing at the district land office, the
affidavit may be made before the clerk of
the court for the county in which the
land is situated. On compliance with the
foregoing, the Receiver will issue his
receipt for the fee and commission paid.

Upon a faithful observance of the law,
at the expiration of five years from date
of settlement, or within two years there-
after, upon proper proof and payment to
the Receiver of the balance of the com-
missions due, proper returns will be made
to the General Land Office, upon which a
patent will be issued.

Any settler desiring to make final proof,
must file a written notice at the district
land office, describing the land, and giv-
ing the names and residences of the wit-
nesses by whom the necessary facts are
to be established, with a sufficient deposit
to pay the cost of a public notice stating
the fact.

When notice has been given in a legal
manner, the applicant may appear in per-
8on at the district land office with his
witnesses, and make affidavit and final
proof of his claim, or he may appear
with his witnesses before the judge of a
court of record having jurisdiction, and
make final proof, which, when duly au-
thenticated by the court seal, must be
transmitted to the Register and Receiver,
together with the proper fees. In the
absence of the judge the clerk may act,
and so certify.

Proof may be made in any adjacent
county in the State or Territory when
the homestead is situated in an unorgan-
ized county.

If any objection appears at any time,
the homestead settler will be advised of
his rights.

Final proof having been made, and the
full amount of money paid, proper re-
turns will be certified to the General Land
Office, and a patent or title to the land
will be issued.

In case of the death of the homestead
eettler, the legal heir or heirs may con-

tinue settlement, with all his rights and
privileges. If the widow proves up, the
title passes to her. If the heirs, on her
death, make the proof, the title will pass
to them.

Where both parents die, the homestead
may be sold for cash for the benefit of
their infant children.

No right of sale inures to any home-
stead settler before completion of title,
and such privilege is not recognized by
the General Land Office. A person may
relinquish his claim, but the title to the
land reverts to the Government.

Where application is made to test the
validity of a homestead entry on the
ground of abandonment, an affidavit de-
scribing the tract, giving the name of the
settler, and containing the allegations
on which the claim is founded, must be
filed in the district land office. A day of
hearing will then be set, and the parties
in interest will be given due notice, either
by personal service or publication. The
results of the trial will be transmitted to
the General Land Office.

The expenses incident to such a con-
test must be borne by the contestant; and
if the informant desires the land, he must,
when notice of cancellation is received at
the district land office, make formal ap-
plication, the land, after notice of cancel-
lation, being open to the first legal appli-
cant, unless withdrawn. Bonafide actual
settlers always receive preference.

But one homestead privilege is allowed,
except where abandonment or relinquish-
rnent of the tract is not the wilful act of
the settler.

A pre-emption declaration may be
changed into a homestead if the pre-
emption laws have been complied with,
and the time will be credited on the
period of residence and cultivation on
the homestead. In making final proof
the settler must take the additional " pre-
emption homestead affidavit.' 1

A homestead settler may, at any time
after six months' residence on the home-
stead, pay for it with cash, warrants, or
college scrip, or private land scrip.

All lands obtained under the home-
stead laws are exempt from liability for
debts contracted prior to the issuing of
patent therefor.

For homestead entries on lands in
Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri,
Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota,
Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkan-
sas, and Florida commissions and fees
are to be paid according to the following
table :

220

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Commissions.

Fee.

Acres.

Price
per
Acre.

Total of Fee and
Commissions.

Payable when Entry
is made.

Payable when
Certificate issues.

Payable when
Entry is made.

160

$2.50

$8.00

$10.00

$26.00

2.50

4.00

5.00

13.00

2.50

2.00

5.00

9.00

160

1.25

4.00

10.00

18.00

1.25

2.00

5.00

9.00

1.25

1.00

5.00

7.00

In addition to the States and Territories
above named, the same rates will apply
to Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, if any va-
cant tracts can be found liable to entry
in these three States, where but very few
isolated tracts of public land remain un-
disposed of.

In the Pacific and other political di-
visions, viz. : on lands in California, Ne-
vada, Oregon, Colorado, New Mexico,
and Washington, and in Arizona, Idaho,
Utah, Wyoming, and Montana, the com-
missions and fees are to be paid according
to the following table :

Commissions.

Fee.

Price

Total of Fee and

Acres.

per

Commissions.

Acre.

Payable when Entry
is made.

Payable when
Certificate issues.

Payable when
Entry is made.

160

$2.50

$12.00

$10.00

$34.00

2.50

6.00

5.00

17.00

2.50

3.00

5.00

11.00

160

1.25

6.00

10.00

22.00

1.25

3.00

5.00

11.00

1.25

1.50

5.00

8.00

ADJOINING FARM HOMESTEAD.

An applicant residing on an original
farm may enter contiguous land, which,
when added to his original entry, does
not exceed 160 acres.

The applicant must make proof of his
right to his original farm-tract, and of
his making use of the tract he desires to
enter as a part of the homestead.

On any railroad or military road land
grant heretofore restricted to 80 acres, he
may enter 80 acres additional upon the
same terms as original entry, but must
in any event reside upon and cultivate
the additional land for one year.

SURRENDER OP EXISTING ENTRY.

A settler may surrender an existing
entry for the purpose of making a new
one.

He must make proof of his right to
his original farm-tract, after which the
same rights will inure to him as though
he had made no original entry.

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' PRIVILEGES.

Every person who has served in the
army or navy of the United States, for
not less than ninety days, during the Re-
bellion of 1861, and who was honorably
discharged, may enter, under the provi-
sions of the homestead laws, 160 acres
of minimum or double minimum land,
with the following privileges:

He will be allowed to deduct his term
of service, if honorably discharged, or
the term of enlistment if discharged by
reason of wounds, from the period of five
years' residence required, provided he
shall reside at least one year on the
homestead.

Any person having entered under the
above privilege a smaller quantity than
160 acres, may enter additional land not
to exceed a total of -160 acres.

WIDOWS.

The unmarried widow of an officer,
soldier, or sailor, of the army or navy, is
entitled to all his acquired rights to the

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

221

date of his death, with the additional
privilege, that if her husband died during
his term of enlistment, she shall have the
benefit of the whole term of enlistment,
to be deducted from the five years of
required residence on the homestead.

The minor orphan children, through
their guardians, if the widow be deceased
or married, are entitled to all the rights
and privileges of the widow.

Officers, soldiers, sailors, or their wid-
ows or minor children, after their claims
are filed, are allowed six months in
which to commence settlement and im-
provement.

Proof Required.

Certified copy of discharge, showing
date of enlistment, or proof by disin-
terested witnesses of the facts, or the
person's affidavit to the same.

In the case of a widow, evidence of
the military or naval service of the hus-
band, proof of widowhood, date of hus-
band's death.

In the case of minor orphan child, evi-
dence of military service of father, proof
of death or marriage of mother, by wit-
nesses or certificate.

MINERAL LANDS.

The mineral lands in the public do-
main, surveyed or unsurveyed, are open
for exploration, occupation, and purchase
to all citizens of the United States, and
all persons who have declared their in-
tention to become citizens.

STATUS OF LODE OR MINE CLAIMS LOCATED
PRIOR TO MAY 10, 1872.

The Revised Statutes do not change the
status of lode or mine claims located pre-
vious to the 10th of May, 1872, with
regard to their extent along the lode or
width of surface, and the mining rights
acquired under such pre\ious locations
are enlarged in the following respect :

The locators, heirs or assignees, so long
as they comply with the laws, State and
National, and local regulations not in
conflict therewith, have the exclusive pos-
sessory right to all the surface included
within the lines of their locations, and of
all veins or lodes throughout their entire
depth, the top or apex of which lies inside
of such surface lines, extending down-
ward vertically.

Where no patent has been issued for a
mining claim, prior to May 10, 1872, $10
must be expended annually in labor or
improvements on each claim of 100 feet

on the course of the vein or lode, until
the issue of the patent.

Where a number of such claims are
held in common, labor or improvement
may be made at any one point, at the rate
of 10 per each 100 feet, for the entire
parcel of land.

Failure to make this improvement or
to perform this labor subjects the land to
relocation.

Upon failure of a co-owner to contribute
his portion of the expenditures necessary,
the co-owners who have performed the
labor or made the improvement may give
personal notice to said delinquent in the
newspaper published nearest the claim,
and if he fails to contribute his portion,
his interest passes to the co-owners who
have complied with the law.

PATENTS FOR VEINS OR LODES HERETOFORE
ISSUED.

Eights under patents heretofore issued
are enlarged by the Revised Statutes, so
as to invest the lawful owner with title
to all veins, lodes, or ledges throughout
their entire depth, the top or apex of
which lies within the end and side
boundary-lines of his claim on the sur-
face, as patented, extending downward
vertically.

It is expressly provided, however, that
all veins, lodes, or ledges, the top or apex
of which lies inside of such surface loca-
tions other than the one named in the
patent, which were adversely claimed on
the 10th of May, 1872, are excluded
from such conveyance by patent.

All such patents pending on May 10,
1872, may be prosecuted in the General
Land Office to a final settlement.

MANNER OF LOCATING CLAIMS, ON VEINS OR
LODES, AFTER MAY 10, 1872.

From and after May 10, 1872, a citi-
zen, or a person who has declared his
intention to become one. or an associa
tion of such persons, may locate, record,
and hold a mining claim of 1500 linear
feet, and no more, along the course of
any mineral vein or lode, subject to
location.

The lateral extent of locations of veins
or lodes shall in no case exceed 300
feet on each or either side of the middle
of the vein at the surface ; and no such
surface rights shall be limited by any
mining regulations to less than 25 feet
on each or either side of the middle of
the vein, at the surface; except where ad-
verse rights already exist. The end lines

222

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

of all such claims must in all cases be
parallel to each other.

The miners of each district may make
rules and regulations, not in conflict with
the laws of the State where the district is
located, or with the laws of the United
States, which may be necessary to retain
possession of a claim.

The Revised Statutes require that the
location shall be distinctly marked on the
ground, in order that its boundaries may
be readily traced , that the records shall
contain the name or names of the locators,
the date of the location, and such a de-
scription as will identify the claim or
claims.

No lode claim can be recorded until
after the discovery of a vein or lode within
its limits. The general course of such
vein should be given, in order to deter-
mine the boundaries of the claim.

The distance from the discovery shaft
to some prominent well-known points or
objects should be given, together with the
names of adjoining claims, and in case
none adjoin, the relative position of the
nearest.

A post should be driven, or a pile of
stone erected, at each corner of the surface
ground, and a post, stick, or board fixed,
giving the name of the lode, the name or
names of the locators, the number of feet
claimed, and the position of the point of
discovery within the claim.

The above description must be filed
for record with the Recorder of the dis-
trict within twenty days after location
shall have been marked on the ground.
The Recorder will then issue his certificate
of location.

One hundred dollars' worth of labor
must be performed, or improvements to
that extent made thereon, within one
year, and annually thereafter, or the
claim will become subject to relocation.

TUNNEL RIGHTS.

The owner, or owners, of a tunnel in
process of construction, have the right
of possession to all previously unknown
veins or lodes within 3000 feet from
its face on the line thereof; but fail-
ure to prosecute work on the tunnel for
six months is an abandonment of the
right to all the undiscovered veins or
lodes on its line.

The face of a tunnel is the point at
which the tunnel enters cover.

The proprietors of a mining tunnel
are required, at the time they enter cover,
to give proper notice of their tunnel loca-
tion by post, board, or monument at the

face thereof, giving names of claimants,
course and direction of the tunnel, height
and width thereof, and distance to some
well-known objects ; they should estab-
lish the boundary-lines thereof by stakes
or monuments to the terminus of the
3000 feet from the face of the tunnel.
Prospecting within these boundaries is
prohibited while work on the tunnel is
diligently prosecuted. At this time a
copy of such notice of location must be
filed for record with the Mining Recorder
of the district. To this notice must be
attached a sworn statement as to the ex-
penditures made in prosecuting the work
thereon, the extent of the work, and that
it is bonafide the intention of the parties
to prosecute the work on the tunnel.

The General Land Office will take par-
ticular care that no improper advantage
is taken of this provision of law for the
purpose -of monopolizing lands lying in
front of tunnels.

MANNER OP PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN GOVERN-
MENT TITLES TO VEIN OR LODE CLAIMS.

Any person, association, or corporation,
having the 'necessary qualifications as to
citizenship, and holding the right of pos-
session to a claim, on compliance with
law can obtain a patent for the same.

The claimant, association, or corpora-
tion is required :

First. To have a survey made, by the
authority of the Surveyor-General having
jurisdiction, and to show the exterior
surface boundaries, distinctly marked by
monuments.

Second. To file a copy of the plat and
field-notes with the proper Register.

Third. To post a copy of the plat of
such survey in a conspicuous place upon
the claim, together with a notice of his in-
tention to apply for a patent, showing the
date of posting, name of claimant, name of
claim, mine, or lode, the mining district or
county ; whether the location is of record,
and, if so, where the record may be found :
the number of feet claimed in the vein, and
the direction ; the number of feet claimed
on the lode, in each direction from the
point of discovery ; the name or names of
the adjoining claimants, or, if none ad-
join, the names of the nearest claims.

Fourth. After posting, the claimant
will file with the proper Register and Re-
ceiver a copy of such plat and field-notes,
certified by the oath of two responsible
witnesses that such notice has been
posted as required, giving date and place,
a copy of such notice to be attached to
said affidavit ; and

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

223

Fifth. The claimant must attach to
the field-notes a sworn statement that he
has the possessory right to the premises,
in virtue of all laws, rules, regulations,
or customs governing the matter, such
sworn statement to narrate the facts in
the case.

This affidavit should be supported by
proper evidence from the Mining Re-
corder's office, and a copy of the location
duly attested by the Recorder.

Where an applicant claims he has pur-
chased for a valuable consideration, the
continuous chain of evidence must be
shown from the original locators to the
applicant.

In event of the records having been de-
stroyed by fire, or other casualty, second-
ary evidence of possessory title will be
received, but full and complete notice of
such application must be published for a
period of sixty days. The claimant must,
before the expiration of the sixty days,
file a certificate of the Surveyor-General,
and endorsed by him, to the fact that
not less than 500 worth of labor has
been expended on improvements made
upon the claim ; that the plat and field-
notes are correct and will establish the
locus of the claim.

At the expiration of the sixty days,
the claimant will file his affidavit that the
proper notice was posted conspicuously
upon the claim desired to be patented,
giving the dates. The claimant may
then pay for the land at the rate of
$5 for each acre or fractional part
thereof. The claimant will also make a
sworn statement of the fees and charges
paid by him.

The matter will then be referred to the
General Land Office, and if found in con-
formity with law, a patent will be issued
for the claim.

ADVERSE CLAIMS.

Adverse claims must be filed, under
oath, with the Register of the land
office where the application for the patent
was filed, during the period of publica-
tion of notice, and must show, by the
plat of the United States Surveyor, duly
certified, their nature, extent, and bound-
aries, and the approximate value of the
improvements, describing them. Duly
certified copies of papers must accompany
the claims showing the possessory right
to the land.

Notice will then be given in writing to
both parties that such adverse claim has
been filed. The adverse claimants will

then be required to commence proceedings
within thirty days, to determine the ques-
tion of right of possession ; should they
fail to commence proceedings within the
required time their claim will be con-
sidered waived, and the application for a
patent will proceed upon its merits.

After such judgment shall have been
rendered, the parties entitled to the posses-
sion of the claim may file a certified copy
of the judgment-roll with the Register,
together with the certificate that the re-
quisite amount of labor has been per-
formed or improvements made, with the
description required in other cases, and
shall pay to the Receiver $5 per acre
for his claim, together with the proper
fees. The whole subject-matter will then
be referred to the General Land Office
for adjudication.

PLACER CLAIMS.

For placer claims on surveyed lands
which conform to legal subdivisions, the
law requires no further survey or plat,
but all placer mining claims located after
May 10, 1872, should conform as nearly
as possible with the United States system
of public land surveys, and the rectan-
gular subdivisions of such surveys. The
claimant is limited to the location of
twenty acres.

Where claims are located previous to
the public survey, and do not conform
thereto, plat and entry may be made
according to the boundaries thereof.

Proceedings will then be had the same
as in obtain ing patents for veins or lodes,
with but slight modifications, placer
claims being sold, however, at the rate
of $2.50 per acre, or fractional part
thereof.

Forty-acre legal subdivisions may be
divided into ten-acre lots for the greater
convenience of miners. These ten-acre
lots are to all intents and purposes legal
subdivisions, and an applicant having
a legal claim for one or more of them
may make entry thereof, after the usual
proceedings, without survey or plat.

In cases of this kind the notice given
must state, specifically, what ten-acre
lots are sought to be obtained, with the
other data usually required. The proofs
submitted must show clearly the charac-
ter and extent of the improvements upon
the premises.

When a vein or lode is included in a
placer claim, the fact must be stated in
the application and included in the posted
notice. The vein or lode must be sur-

224

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

veyed and shown on the plat, the .field-
notes and the plat giving the area of the
placer claim, and the area of the vein
and lode claim separately. If the veins
oi lodes are owned by other parties, the
fact should be stated in the application
and notice. Where there is no known
vein or lode, the fact must be certified to
by one or more witnesses.

Adverse placer claims are proceeded
with the same as in cases of veins or lodes.

QUANTITY OF PLACER GROUND SUBJECT TO
LOCATION.

After July 9, 1870, no location of a
placer claim can exceed 160 acres for
any one person, or association. Such
location shall conform to the United
States surveys.

After May 10, 1872, all placer mining
claims shall conform, as nearly as prac-
ticable, to the United States public sur-
veys, and shall not include more than
twenty acres for each claimant. Any
association of individuals of eight mem-
bers may locate one hundred and sixty
acres.

In placer locations, and the manner of
marking them on the ground, it will be
necessary to observe the directions here-
tofore given, with the qualification, how-
ever, that where placer claims are on
surveyed lands, they must conform to the
United States surveys.

Where a person or an association, and
their grantors, have held and worked
their claims for a period equal to the time
prescribed by the statute of limitation
for the mining claims of a State or Terri-
tory, evidence of such fact will be suffi-
cient to establish a right to a patent in
the absence of any adverse claim.

When an applicant desires to make
proof of possessory right under this pro-
vision of law, he will not be required to
produce evidence of location, copies of
conveyances, or abstracts of title, as in
other cases, but will be required to fur-
nish a duly certified copy of the statute
of limitations of mining claims for the
State or Territory, together with a sworn
statement as to the origin of his title and
his continuance in possession ; the area
of his claim, the nature and extent of
the mining which has been done thereon ;
the opposition to his possession, if any,
present or past, showing all the facts,
and any additional information within
his knowledge. The claimant must sup-
port these facts by corroborative testi-
mony.

MlLL-SlTES.

Non-mineral land, to the extent of five
acres, not contiguous to the vein or lode
of the proprietor, used or occupied by
him for mining or milling purposes, may
be embraced or included in an applica-
tion for a patent, subject to the same re-
quirements as are applicable to veins or
lodes.

The owner of a quartz-mill, or reduc-
tion works, may also receive a patent for
his mill-site.

In every case the land claimed for a
mill-site must be proved by disinterested
witnesses not mineral in character.

FEES PAYABLE BY APPLICANTS FOR MINERAL
LANDS.

The fees payable to the Register and
to the Receiver at the time of filing, for
filing and acting upon applications for
mineral land patents, are $5 for each
officer, and the same amount is payable
by an adverse claimant.

HEARINGS TO ESTABLISH THE CHARACTER OP

LANDS.

Hearings of this class are in the nature
of contest between parties seeking to
enter lands, as to the character of the
lands, whether mineral or agricultural.

All affidavits, testimony, and proofs
required may be taken and sworn to
before any officer authorized to adminis-
ter oaths, or before the Register and Re
ceiver, within the district where the claim
is situated.

To all parties in interest, ten days'
personal notice, and thirty days of pub
lished notice, is required.

In the case of lands returned as min
eral by the Surveyor-General, or with
drawn as mineral by the General Land
Office, there must also be posted in a
conspicuous place on each forty-acre sub-
division, a notice that they are sought to
be entered as agricultural. Such notice
must describe the land, give the name
and address of the claimant, the charac-
ter of his claim, and the time, place, and
purpose of the hearing.

Proof of service of notice and publica
tion and posting must be supported by
the affidavits of parties having knowledge
of the fact, and must be filed at the hear-
ing, at which the claimants and witnesses
will be thoroughly examined as to the
condition of the land, its agricultural
capacities and mineral character.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

225

When the case comes before the Land
Office, such an award will be made as the
facts in the case seem to justify ; and,
upon a survey at the expense of the
agricultural claimant, if the facts in the
case seem to warrant it, a separation of
the agricultural from the mineral portion
may be made, and each party receive a
patent for a specified section.

The fact that a certain tract of land is
decided, upon testimony, to be mineral,
is by no means equivalent to an award
of the land to the miner. He is com-
pelled by law to give sixty days' publica-
tion of notice, and posting of diagrams
and notice on the land. He must show
that the land yields mineral ; that he is
entitled to the possessory right; that he
has expended not less than $500 in labor
and improvements, and that no oppo-
sition claim exists. After the agricul-
tural claimant meets these proofs, he
can, after survey, enter and pay for the
land.

COAL LANDS.

The sale of coal lands is provided
lor

By ordinary private entry, and by
granting a preference right of purchase
based on priority of possession and im-
provement.

The land entered must be by legal sub-
divisions, as made by the regular United
States survey. Entry is confined to sur-
veyed lands ; to such as are vacant, not
otherwise appropriated, reserved by com-
petent authority, or containing valuable
minerals other than coal.

Individuals and associations may pur-
chase. If an individual, he must be
twenty-one years of age and a citizen of
the United States, or have declared his
intention to become such citizen.

If an association of persons, each must
be qualified as above.

A person is not disqualified by the
ownership of any quantity of other land,
nor by having removed from his own land
in the same State or Territory.

Any individual may enter by legal
subdivisions as aforesaid any area not ex-
ceeding 160 acres.

Any association may enter not to ex-
ceed 320 acres.

Any association of not less than four
persons, duly qualified, who shall have
expended not less than S5000 in working
and improving any coal mine or mines,
may enter not exceeding 640 acres, in-
cluding such mining improvements.

The price per acre is $10, where the

land is situated more than fifteen miles
from any completed railroad, and $20 per
acre where the land is within fifteen miles
of such road.

Where the land lies partly within fif-
teen miles of such road and in part out-
side such limit, the maximum price must
be paid for all legal subdivisions, the
greater part of which lies within fifteen
miles of such road.

The term "completed railroad" is held
to mean one which is actually constructed
on the face of the earth ; and lands within
fifteen miles of any point of a railroad so
constructed will be held and disposed of
at $20 per acre.

Any duly qualified person or associa-
tion must be preferred as purchasers of
those public lands on which they have
opened and improved, or shall open and
improve, any coal mine or mines, and
which they shall have in actual posses-
sion.

Possession by agent is recognized as
the possession of the principal. The
clearest proof on the point of agency
must, however, be required in every case,
and a clearly-defined possession must be
established.

The opening and improving of a coal
mine, in order to confer a preference
right of purchase, must not be considered
as a mere matter of form ; the labor ex-
pended and improvements made must be
such as to clearly indicate the good faith
of the claimant.

These lands are intended to be sold,
where there are adverse claimants there-
for, to the party who, by substantial im-
provements, actual possession, and a
reasonable industry, shows an intention
to continue his development of the mines
in preference to those who would pur-
chase for speculative purposes only.
With this view, Registers and Receivers
will require such proof of compliance
with the law, when lands are applied for
by adverse claimants, as the circum-
stances of each case may justify.

In conflicting claims, where improve-
ment has been made prior to March 3,
1873, they will, if each party make sub-
sequent compliance with the law, award
the land by legal subdivisions, so as to
secure to each as far as possible his valu-
able improvements ; there being no pro-
vision in the act allowing a joint entry
by parties claiming separate portions of
the same legal subdivision.

In conflicts, when improvements, etc.,
have been commenced subsequent to
March 3, 1873, or shall be thereafter

226

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

commenced, priority of possession and
improvement shall govern the award
when the law has been fully complied
with by each party. A mere possession,
however, without satisfactory improve-
ments, -will not secure the tract to the first
occupant when a subsequent claimant
shows his full compliance with the law.

After an entry has been allowed to one
party, no investigation concerning it, at
the instance of any person, can be made,
except on instructions from the General
Land Office. Registers and Receivers
will receive all affidavits concerning such
case and forward the same to that office,
accompanied by a statement of the facts
as shown by their records.

Prior to entry, it is competent for
Registers and Receivers to order an in-
vestigation, on sufficient grounds set forth
under oath of a party in interest, and
substantiated by the affidavits of disin-
terested and credible witnesses.

Notice of contest, in every case where
the same is practicable, must be made by
reading it to the party to be cited, and
by leaving a copy with him. This notice
must proceed from the office of the Regis-
ter and Receiver, and be signed by them.
Where such personal service cannot be
made, by reason of the absence of the
party, and because his whereabouts are
unknown, a copy may be left at his resi-
dence, or, if this is unknown, by posting
a copy in a conspicuous place on the tract
in controversy, and by publication in a
weekly newspaper having the largest
general circulation in the vicinity of the
land, for five consecutive insertions,
covering a period of four weeks next prior
to the trial ; and in each case requiring
such notice a copy must be forwarded
with the returns to the General Land
Office, accompanied with proof of service
by affidavit endorsed thereon.

In every case of contest, all papers in
the same must be forwarded to that office
for review before an entry is allowed to
either party.

Thirty days from the decision will be
allowed to enable any party to take an
appeal, or file argument to be forwarded
to that office.

No appeal will be entertained unless
the same shall be forwarded through the
district land office.

The party may still further appeal from
the decision of the Commissioner of the
General Land Office to the Secretary of
the Interior. The appeal must be taken
within sixty days after service of notice
on the party. This may be filed with the

district land officers, and by them for-
warded, or it may be filed with the Com-
missioner, and must recite the points of
exception.

If not appealed, the decision is by law
made final. After appeal, thirty days
are usually allowed for filing arguments,
and the case is then sent to the Secretary,
whose decision is final and conclusive.

Mann-er of obtaining title : First, by
private entry. The party will present
the following application to the Register,
and will make oath to the same :

hereby apply, under the

provisions of the act approved March 3, 1873,
entitled "An act to provide for the sale of the
lands of the United States containing coal," to

purchase the quarter of section ,

in township of range , in the dis-
trict of lands subject to sale at the land office

at , and containing acres; and I

solemnly swear that no portion of said tract is
in the possession of any other party, that I am
twenty-one years of age, a citizen of the United
States (or have declared my intention to become
a citizen of the United States), and have never
held nor purchased lands under said act, either
as an individual or as a member of an asso-
ciation j and I do further swear that I am well
acquainted with the character of said described
land, and with each and every legal subdivision
thereof, having frequently passed over the
same; that my knowledge of said land is such
as to enable me to testify understandiugly with
regard thereto ; that there is not, to my knowl-
edge, within the limits thereof, any vein or lode
of quartz or other rock in place bearing gold,
silver, or copper, and that there is not within
the limits of said land, to my knowledge, any
valuable mineral deposit other than coal. So
help me God.

To this affidavit the Register will ap-
pend the usual jurat.

Thereupon the Register, if the tract is
vacant, will so certify to the Receiver,
stating the price, and the applicant must
then pay the amount of purchase-money.

The Receiver will then issue to the
purchaser a duplicate receipt, and at the
close of the month the Register and Re-
ceiver will make returns of the sale to
the General Land Office, from whence,
when the proceedings are found regular,
a patent or complete title will be issued ;
and on surrender of the duplicate receipt
such patent will be delivered, at the
option of the patentee, either by the
Commissioner at Washington, or by the
Register at the district land office.

This disposition at private entry will
be subject to any valid prior adverse
right which may have attached to the
same land, and which is protected by
law.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

227

Second. When the application to pur-
chase is based on a priority of possession,
etc., as provided for by law, the claimant
must, when the township plat is on file,
file his declaratory statement for the tract
claimed sixty days from and after the
first day of his actual possession and im-
provement. Sixty days, exclusive of the
first day of possession, must be allowed.

The declaratory statement must be
substantially as follows, to wit :

-, being

years of age,

and a citizen of the United States (or bavin
declared my intention to become a citizen of
tbe United States), and never having, either as
an individual or as a member of an association,
held or purchased any coal lands under the act
approved March 3, 1873, entitled "An act to
provide for the sale of the land of the United
States containing coal," do hereby declare my
intention to purchase, under the provisions of

said act, the quarter of section ,

in township of range , of lands

subject to sale at the district land office at

, and that I came into possession of said

tract on the day of , A. D. 18 ,

and have ever since remained in actual posses-
sion continuously, and have expended in labor
and improvements on said mine the sum of

dollars, the labor and improvements

being as follows : (here describe the nature and
character of the improvements;) and I do
furthermore solemnly swear that I am well
acquainted with the character of said described
land, and with each and every legal subdivision
thereof, having frequently passed over the
same; that my knowledge of said land is such
as to enable me to testify understandingly with
regard thereto; that there is not, to my knowl-
edge, within the limits thereof, any vein or
lode of quartz or other rock in place bearing
gold, silver, or copper, and that there is not
within the limits of said land, to my knowl-
edge, any valuable mineral deposit other than
coal.

When the township plat is not on file
at date of claimant's first possession, the
declaratory statement must be filed within
sixty days from the filing of such plat in
the district land office.

When improvements shall have been
made prior to June 4, 1873, the declara-
tory statement must be filed within sixty
days from that date.

No sale will be allowed by the Regis-
ter and Receiver prior to September 4,
1873. One year from and after the expi-
ration of the period allowed for filing the
declaratory statement is given within
which to make proof and payment, but
the Register and Receiver will allow no
party to make final proof and payment,
except on notice as aforesaid to all* others

who appear on their records as claimants
to the same tracts.

A party who otherwise complies with
the law may enter after the expiration of
said year, provided no valid adverse right
shall have intervened. He postpones his
entry beyond said year at his own risk,
and the Government cannot thereafter
protect him against another who com-
plies with the law, and the value of his
improvements can have no weight in his
favor.

One person can have the benefit of one
entry or filing only. He is disqualified
by having made such entry or filing
alone, or as a member of an association.
No entry can be allowed an association
which has in it a single person thus dis-
qualified, as the law prohibits the entry
or holding of more than one claim either
by an individual or an association. No
entry is allowed of lands containing other
valuable minerals. The character of the
land under the present rules relative to
agricultural and mineral lands will be
determined. Those that are sufficiently
valuable for other minerals to prevent
their entry as agricultural lands cannot
be entered as coal lands.

Assignments of the right to purchase
will be recognized when properly exe-
cuted. Proof and payment must be made,
however, within the prescribed period,
which dates from the first day of the pos-
session of the assignor who initiated the
claim.

The Register and Receiver will so con-
strue the law in its application as not to
destroy or impair any rights which may
have attached prior to March 3, 1873.
Those persons who may have initiated a
valid claim under any prior law relative
to coal lands will be permitted to com-
plete their entries under the same.

The Register and Receiver will report
at the close of each month as "sales of
coal lands," all filings and entries in sep-
arate abstracts, commencing with number
one, and thereafter proceeding consecu-
tively in the order of their reception.
Where a series of numbers has already
been commenced by sale of coal lands,
they will continue the same without
change. The affidavit required from each
claimant at the time of actual purchase
will be as follows, to wit :

I, , claiming the right of pur-
chase under the act of Congress entitled " An
act to provide for the sale of the lands of the
United States containing coal," approved March
3, 1873, to the quarter of section ,

228

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

in township of range , subject to

sale at , do solemnly swear that I have

never had the right of purchase under this act,
either as an individual or as a member of an
association, and that I have never held any
other lands under its provisions; I further
swear that I have expended in developing coal
mines on said tract in labor and improvements

the sum of dollars, the nature of such

improvements being as follows :

j that I am now in the actual possession

of said mines, and make the entry for my
own use and benefit, and not directly or indi-
rectly for the use and benefit of any other
party ; and I do furthermore swear that I am
well acquainted with the character of said de-
scribed land, and with each and every legal
subdivision thereof, having frequently passed
over the same ; that my knowledge of said land
is such as to enable me to testify understand-
ingly with regard thereto; that there is not, to
my knowledge, within the limits thereof, any
vein or lode of quartz or other rock in place
bearing gold, silver, or copper, and that there

is not within the limits of said land, to my
knowledge, any valuable mineral deposit other
than coal. So help me God.

-, of the land office at

do hereby certify that the above affidavit was
sworn and subscribed to before me this
day of , A. D. 18.

In case the purchaser shows by an affi-
davit that he is not personally acquainted
with the character of the land, his duly
authorized agent who possesses such
knowledge may make the required affi-
davit as to its character; but whether
this affidavit is made by principal or
agent, it must be corroborated by the
affidavits of two disinterested and cred-
ible witnesses having knowledge of its
character.

UNITED STATES PENSION OFFICE.

ORIGIN.

The first act of Congress which di-
rected the payment of pensions to soldiers
and sailors by the Government after the
adoption of the Constitution, was ap-
proved September 29, 1789, which pro-
vided that the military pensions which
had previously been granted and paid by
the States respectively to the invalids
who had been wounded and disabled dur-
ing the War of the Revolution, should
be continued by the United States for one
year from March 4, 1789, and the same
was afterwards renewed, and appropria-
tions were made from time to time for
their payment.

The granting and payment of pensions
was attended to by the War Department
from the date named, with no officer des-
ignated with those specific duties until
the act of March 2, 1833, making appro-
priations for the civil expenses of the
Government, included $4000 for clerk-
hire, messengers, etc., for the Pension
Office, and authorized the appointment,
by the President and Senate, of a Com-
missioner of Pensions at a salary of
$2500 a year, with powers to execute,
under the direction of the Secretary of
War, such duties in relation to the gen-
eral pension laws as might be prescribed
by the President.

It thus follows that this office was es-
tablished by the act of Congress of March
2, 1833, and it was transferred to the De-
partment of the Interior by the act of
March 3, 1849.

BUSINESS OF THE PENSION OFFICE.

The Commissioner of Pensions is un-
der the direction of the Secretary of the
Interior, and performs such duties in
the execution of the various pension
and bounty-land laws as may be pre-
scribed. He may appoint a person, with
approval of the Secretary of the Interior,
to sign his name to certificates or war-
rants to bounty lands.

He is authorized to detail clerks to in-
vestigate suspected frauds affecting any
law relating to pensions, and to aid in
prosecuting any person implicated, the
clerks so detailed to receive the cus-
tomary additional compensation for spe-
cial service.

The Medical Referee, who is under the
control of the Commissioner of Pensions,
has charge of the examination and re-
vision of the reports of examining sur-
geons, and such other duties touching
medical and surgical questions in the
Pension Office as the interest of the
service demands.

The Commissioner may appoint, at his

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

229

discretion, civil surgeons, to make peri-
odical examinations of pensioners, and to
examine applicants for pensions.

Under the acts granting military bounty-
land warrants, he is empowered to make
regulations to govern the admission of evi-
dence to prove the service of the soldier or
sailor where no record evidence exists of the
service for which a warrant is claimed.

The certificates of examining surgeons
in all cases of pensions are subject to the
approval of the Commissioner.

It is his duty, upon the application by
letter, or otherwise, by or on behalf of
any pensioner entitled to arrears of pen-
sion, or if any pensioner has died, upon
a similar application by or on behalf of
any person entitled to receive the accrued
pension due such pensioner at his death,
to pay or cause to be paid such pensioner
or other person all such arrears of pen-
sion as the pensioner may be entitled to,
or, if dead, would have been entitled to
had he survived ; and no claim agent or
other person shall be entitled to receive
any compensation for services in making
application for arrears of pension.

He may designate, in localities more
than twenty-five miles distant from any
place where a court of record is holden,
persons duly qualified to administer oaths
relating to any pension or application
therefor, before whom declarations may
be made and testimony taken, and may ac-
cept declarations of claimants residing in
foreign countries made before a United
States Minister or Consul, or before an
officer of the country duly authorized to
administer oaths for general purposes,
authenticated by the certificate of a
United States Minister or Consul.

It is his duty, when satisfied that fraud
has been perpetrated in obtaining any
special actof Congress granting a pension,
to suspend payment thereupon until the
propriety of repealing the act can be
considered by Congress.

He must forward the certificate granting
a pension to the agent for paying pensions
where such certificate is made payable.

He is authorized to organize at his dis-
cretion boards of examining surgeons,
not to exceed three members, and each
member is entitled to a fee of $1 for
each examination ordered.

He may require examining surgeons to
make special examinations of pensioners,
or applicants for pension.

FORCE IN THE PENSION OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Commissioner of Pensions 4000

Deputy Commissioner of Pensions 2400

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $2000

Medical referee 2250

26 clerks, each 1800

52 " " 1600

84 " " 1400

147 " " 1200

10 " " 1000

1 skilled mechanic and 1 engineer, each 1200

30 copyists, each 900

1 assistant engineer 1000

1 messenger 840

12 assistant messengers, each 720

8 laborers, each 660

2 watchmen, each 720

9 temporary clerks, each 1000

50 " " 900

75 " " 720

PENSION AGENTS.

There are seventeen pension agents for
the payment of pensions, who receive a
salary of $4000 per annum each, and are
allowed fees in addition, as follows : $15
per hundred vouchers, or at that rate for
a fractional part of a hundred, prepared
and paid by them, in excess of 4000 vouch-
ers per annum Also actual necessary
expenses for rent, fuel, lights, and for
postage on official matter directed to the
Executive Departments and Bureaus.

They are located as follows:

Boston, Massachusetts.

Chicago, Illinois.

Columbus, Ohio.

Concord, New Hampshire.

Des Moines, Iowa.

Detroit, Michigan.

Indianapolis, Indiana.

Knoxville, Tennessee.

Louisville, Kentucky.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

New York, New York.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.

St. Louis, Missouri.

San Francisco, California.

Syracuse, New York.

Washington, District of Columbia.

They are required, without any fee
therefor, to take and certify the affidavits
of all pensioners, and their witnesses,
who may personally appear before them
for that purpose.

INFORMATION RELATING TO PEN-

SIGNS.

WAR OF THE REBELLION.
WHO MAY HAVE PENSIONS. Every per-
son specified in the several classes enu-
merated below, who has been, since
March 4, 1861, or who may be after
March 3, 1873 (the date of the law), dis-

230

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

abled under the conditions stated below,
is entitled to be placed on the list of in-
valid pensioners of the United States,
upon making due proof of the fact ac-
cording to the requirements of law, and
those imposed by the Pension Office, and
they will be entitled to receive, for a total
disability, or a permanent specific dis-
ability, a certain rate of pension ; and
for an inferior disability, except in cases
of permanent specific disability, for which
the rate of pension is expressly provided,
an amount proportionate to that provided
for total disability, the pension to com-
mence from date of discharge from the
military service, and to continue during
the existence of the disability.

First class. Any officer of the army,
including regulars, volunteers, and mi-
litia, or any officer in the navy or
marine corps, or any enlisted man,
however employed, in the military or
naval service of the United States, or
in its marine corps, whether regularly
mustered or not, disabled by reason of
any wound or injury received, or disease
contracted, while in the service of the
United States and in the line of duty.

Second class. Any master serving on
a gunboat, or any pilot, engineer, sailor,
or other person not regularly mustered,
serving upon any gunboat or war-vessel
of the United States, disabled by any
wound or injury received, or otherwise
incapacitated while in the line of duty,
from procuring his subsistence by manual
labor.

Third class. Any person not an en-
listed soldier in the arm} 7 , or sailor in the
navy, serving for the time being as a
member of the militia of any State, un-
der orders of an officer of the United
States, or who volunteered for the time
being to serve with any regularly-or-
ganized military or naval force of the
United States, or who otherwise volun-
teered and rendered service in any en-
gagement with rebels or Indians, dis-
abled in consequence of wounds or injury
received in the line of duty in such
temporary service. But no claim of a
State militiaman, or non-enlisted person,
on account of disability from wounds or
injury received in battle with rebels or
Indians, while temporarily rendering ser-
vice, shall be valid unless prosecuted to
a successful issue prior to the first day of
July, 1874.

Fourth class. Any acting assistant or
contract surgeon disabled by any wound
or injury received or disease contracted
in the line of duty, while actually per-

forming the duties of assistant surgeon
or acting assistant surgeon, with any
military force in the field, or in transitu,
or in hospital.

Fifth class. Any provost-marshal,
deputy provost-marshal, or enrolling offi-
cer disabled, by reason of any wound or
injury received in the discharge of his
duty, from procuring a subsistence by
manual labor.

Rates of Pension for Total Disability.

For lieutenant-colonel, and all officers
of a higher rank in the military service,
and in the marine corps ; and for cap-
tain, and all officers of higher rank, com-
mander, surgeon, paymaster, and chief
engineer, ranking with commander by
law, lieutenant commanding, lieutenant-
commander, and master commanding, in
the naval service, $30 per month. For
major in the military service and marine
corps, and lieutenant, surgeon, paymas-
ter, and chief engineer, ranking with
lieutenant by law, and passed assistant
surgeon in the naval service, $25 per
month. For captain in the military ser-
vice and in the marine corps, chaplain
in the army, and provost-marshal, pro-
fessor of mathematics, master, assistant
surgeon, assistant paymaster, and chap-
lain in the naval service, $20 per month.
For first lieutenant in the military ser-
vice, and in the marine corps, acting
assistant or contract surgeon, and deputy
provost-marshal, $17 per month. For
second lieutenant in the military service
and the marine corps, first assistant
engineer, ensign, and pilot in the naval
service, and enrolling officer, $15 per
month. For cadet-midshipman, passed
midshipman, midshipmen, clerks of ad-
mirals, and paymasters, and of other
officers commanding vessels, second and
third assistant engineers, masters 1 mates,
and all warrant officers in the naval ser-
vice, $10 per month. And for all other
persons whose rank or office is not men-
tioned above, $8 per month. And mas-
ters, pilots, engineers, sailors, and crews
upon the gunboats and war-vessels are
entitled to receive the pension allowed to
those of like rank in the naval service.

Every commissioned officer of the army,
navy, or marine corps is entitled to re-
ceive such and only such pension as is
stated in the above paragraph for the rank
he held at the time he received the injury
or contracted the disease which resulted
in the disability, on account of which he
may be entitled to pension.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

231

Rates of Pension for Permanent Specific
Disability.

From June 4, 1872. Loss of both
hands, or both feet, or both eyes, or one
eye, the other having previously been
lost, and in the case of hands and feet the
loss of one and total disability of the
other, or otherwise so totally disabled as
to be utterly helpless, or so nearly so as
to require regular personal aid and at-
tendance, $31.25 per month, which was
increased to $50 per month by act of June
18, 1874. The act of June 16, 1880,
provided that all soldiers and sailors
who were receiving $50 per month un-
der the act of June 18, 1874, should
receive $72 per month from June 17,
1878, thus modifying the act of the latter
date.

Amputation of either leg at the hip-
joint, 37.50 per month.

One hand and one foot, or totally and
permanently disabled in the same, or
otherwise so disabled as to be incapaci-
tated for performing any manual labor,
but not so much so as to require regular
personal aid and attendance, $24 per
month.

One hand and one foot, or totally and
permanently disabled in both, the pension
allowed for each of the disabilities, at such
rates as are provided by existing laws,
which would be in amount, if the leg is
lost above the knee and the arm above
the elbow, $24 for each, $48. If other-
wise. $18 each, $36 per month.

One leg above the knee, or one arm
above the elbow, $24 per month.

The loss of one hand or one foot, or
total" disability in the same, or otherwise
so disabled as to render their incapacity
to perform manual labor equivalent to
the loss of a hand or a foot, $18 per
month.

The loss of the hearing of both ears,
$13 per month.

For disability, not permanent, equiva-
lent in degree to any of the above cases
stated, the same rate of pension is allowed
during the continuance of the disability
in such degree.

Pensions to Widows or Children under
Sixteen Years.

If any person, who, under the condi-
tions heretofore stated, would have been
entitled to a pension had he survived, has
died since March 4, 1861, or dies after the
passage of the act (March 3, 1873), by
reason of any wound, injury, or disease,

lis widow, or if there be no widow, or in
case of her death, without payment to her
of any part of the pension hereafter men-
tioned, his child or children under sixteen
years of age are entitled to receive the
same pension as the husband or father
would have been entitled to had he been
totally disabled, to commence from the
death of the husband or father, to con-
tinue to the widow during her widow-
hood, and to his child or children until
they severally attain the age of sixteen
years, and no longer ; and if the widow
remarry, the child or children are entitled
from date of remarriage.

From July 25, 1866, the pensions of
widows are increased $2 per month for
each child under sixteen years of age.

In case of the soldier's or sailor's
death, leaving no widow or child, but has
left relatives dependent upon him for
support, such relative or relatives will
be entitled to the pension in the following
order : First, the mother ; secondly, the
father ; thirdly, orphan brothers and
sisters under sixteen years of age, who
will be pensioned jointly.

Biennial examinations of pensioners
are no longer required.

Artificial Limbs.

All officers, non-commissioned officers,
enlisted and hired men of the land and
naval forces of the United States, who
served during the War of the Rebellion
of 1861, and who, in the line of their
duty as such, shall have lost limbs or
sustained bodily injuries depriving them
of the use of any of their limbs, are en-
titled to receive every five years, com-
mencing June 17, 1870, an artificial limb
or apparatus for resection, or the money
equivalent thereof, at the following rates :
artificial legs, $75 ; arms, $50 ; apparatus
for resection, $50. Application should
be made to the Surgeon-General of the
Army, Washington, D. C., for artificial
limbs or apparatus for resection, or com-
mutation therefor.

PENSIONS TO SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF THE
MEXICAN WAR.

Any officer, non-commissioned officer,
musician, or private, regulars and volun-
teers, disabled by reason of injury re-
ceived or disease contracted while in the
line of duty in actual service in the war
with Mexico, or in going to or returning
from the same, who received an honor-
able discharge, is entitled to a pension

232

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

proportionate to his disability, not ex-
ceeding for total disability half the pay
of his rank at the date at which he re-
ceived the wound or contracted the dis-
ease which resulted in such disability ; no
pension to exceed half the pay of a lieu-
tenant-colonel.

In case of the death of a soldier, etc.,
mentioned in preceding paragraph, the
widow or children are entitled to receive
the pension.

PENSIONS TO SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OP THE
WAR OP 1812.

The surviving officers, and enlisted and
drafted men, without regard to color,
militia and volunteers, of the military
and naval service of the United States,
who served fourteen days in the war with
Great Britain of 1812, or who were in
any engagement, and were honorably
discharged, are entitled to pensions, at
the rate of $8 per month, during their
lives, to begin February 14, 1871, except
to those already receiving a pension of
$8 per month ; and those receiving a
pension of less than $8 are entitled to
the difference between what they are re-
ceiving and $8 per month.

Surviving widows are allowed the
same pension as the soldier or sailor
would have been entitled to, if living, on
the 14th of February, 1871, the pensions
to cease when they marry again.

Pensioners of the war of 1812, and
those of any Indian wars, whose names
were stricken from the rolls by reason of
their taking up arms against the United
States during the War of the Rebellion,
are restored to the rolls, also widows of
such, by the act of March 9, 1878.

REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONS.

The last act referred to directed that
every widow of a Revolutionary soldier
should be placed on the pension rolls at
$8 per month.

Number of Pensioners on the Roll at the
Termination of each Fiscal Tear since
3861.

For the Tear ending

June 30 Invalids. Widows, etc., Total.

1861 4,337

1862 4,341

1863 7,821

1864 23,479

1865 35,880

1866 55,652

1867 69,565

4,299 8,636

3,818 8,169

6,970 14,791

27,656 41,135

50,106 85,986

71,070 126,722

83,618 153,184

Tor the Year ending

June 30 Invalids. Widows, etc., Total.

1868 75,957 93,686 169,643

1869 82,859 105,104 187,963

1870 87,521 111,165 198,686

1871 93,394 114,101 207,495

1872 113,954 118,275 232,229

1873 119,500 118,911 238,411

1874 121,628 114,613 236,241

1875 122,989 111,832 234,821

1876 124,239 107,898 232,137

1877 128,723 103,381 232,104

1878 131,649 92,349 223,998

1879 138,615 104,140 242,755

In the above are included those pensioned
for service during the War of 1812; also the
widows of the soldiers and sailors of that war.

MANNER OP APPLYING FOR ARMY
AND NAVY PENSIONS.

An observance of the following in-
structions will generally enable a claim-
ant to intelligibly present his claim for
pension to the Commissioner for settle-
ment :

A declaration must generally be filed,
blank forms of which will be furnished
to claimants upon application therefor.

The declaration should set forth the
company and regiment in which the ap-
plicant served, the name of the command-
ing officer of the company or organiza-
tion, and the dates of enlistment and
discharge. In navy cases the vessel
upon which the claimant served should
be stated. If the claim is made on ac-
count of a wound or injury, the declara-
tion should set forth the nature and
locality of the wound or injury, the time
when, the place where, and the circum-
stances under which it was received, and
the duty upon which the applicant* was
engaged.

If the wound or injury was accidental,
the applicant should state whether it
happened through his own agency or that
of other persons, and he should minutely
detail the circumstances under which it
was received.

If the claim is made on account of dis-
ability from disease, the applicant should
state in his declaration when the disease
first appeared, the place where he was
when it appeared, and the duty upon
which he was at the time engaged, lie
should also detail the circumstances of
exposure to the causes which in his opin-
ion produced the disease. Whether the
application be made on account of disa-
bility from injury or disease, the claim-
ant should state the names, numbers, and
localities of all hospitals in which he
received medical or surgical treatment,

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

233

giving the dates of his admission thereto
as correctly as he may be able.

The applicant should state whether he
was in the military or naval service prior
to or after the term of service in which
his disability originated.

The applicant should state his post-
office address. In cities, the street and
number of his residence should be given.

The identity of the applicant must be
shown by the testimony of two credible
witnesses, who must appear with him
before the officer by whom the declara-
tion may be taken.

CLAIMS OP INVALIDS.

Nature of the Evidence required to sustain a
Claim for Invalid Pension.

Upon the receipt of a claim for pension,
application is made by the Pension Office,
in army cases, to the Adjutant-General
and the Surgeon-General of the army,
for a report of the applicant's service and
evidence in regard to the disability al-
leged which may appear upon the rolls
and other records in the possession of
those officers. In navy cases, applica-
tion for such evidence is made to the
proper Bureaus of the Navy Department.

When the records of the War or Navy
Department do not furnish satisfactory
evidence that the disability on account
of which the claim is made originated in
the service of the United States and in
the line of duty, the claimant will be re-
quired to furnish such evidence, in ac-
cordance with the instructions herein-
after given, compliance with which must
be lull and definite.

If the disability results from a wound
or other injury, the nature and location
of the wound or injury, the time when,
the place where, and the manner in
which it was received, whether in battle
or otherwise, should be shown by the
affidavit of some one who was a commis-
sioned officer and had personal .knowl-
edge of the facts.

If the person called upon to give evi-
dence is still in the service as a commis-
sioned officer, his certificate will be ac-
cepted in lieu of his affidavit.

The applicant should furnish the testi-
mony of the surgeon by whom he was
treated, showing the location and nature
of the wound or injury and the circum-
stances under which it was received. If
the disability arises from disease, the
testimony of the person who was surgeon
or assistant surgeon of the regiment to
which the applicant belonged, or the

vessel on which he served, should, if pos-
sible, be furnished, showing the name or
nature of the disease, the time when, the
place where it was contracted, and the
circumstances of exposure to the causes
which in his opinion produced the same.

The surgeon should state whether in
his opinion the habits of the applicant
had any agency in the production of the
disease.

In any claim, whether made on account
of injury or disease, if it be shown that
the testimony of a surgeon, assistant sur
geon, or other commissioned officer can-
not be produced as evidence of the origin
of the disability alleged, the testimony
of other persons having personal knowl-
edge of the facts will be considered.

When a claim is made on account of
disability from disease or rupture, the
applicant should furnish the affidavit of
his family physician to prove his con-
dition at the time of enlistment.

In a claim on account of disability
from disease, he must furnish the testi-
mony of the physicians who have attended
him since the date of discharge, explicitly
setting forth the history of the disease and
disability since its first appearance. It
is especially important that the physician
who first attended the applicant after his
discharge should state the date at which
his attendance commenced and his con-
dition at that time. If it should not be
possible for the applicant to show the
condition of his health during the whole
period since the date of his discharge by
the testimony of physicians, the cause of
his inability to do so should be stated by
him under oath. The testimony of other
persons on this point may then be pre-
sented. The statement of the witnesses
in regard to the manner in which the ap-
plicant was affected should be full and
definite, and they should state how they
obtained a knowledge of the facts stated
by them.

Claims for Increase of Pension.

A pensioner who may deem himself
entitled to an increase of pension should
file a declaration setting forth the ground
upon which he claims such increase.

A declaration for increase of pension
may be taken before any officer duly au-
thorized to administer oaths for general
purposes, if it should not be convenient
for the pensioner to appear before an
officer of a court of record. The official
character and signature of the person
before whom the declaration may be

234

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

taken must be certified under the seal of
a court of record.

Claims for Renewal of Pension.

Applications for renewal of pension
must be made to the Commissioner by
a declaration executed as in original
claims, setting forth that the cause for
which pension was allowed still con-
tinues.

In cases of unclaimed pensions, evi-
dence must be filed satisfactorily ac-
counting for the failure to claim such
pension ; and, in invalid claims, medical
evidence showing the continuance of the
disability.

Blank forms of declaration will be fur-
nished by the Pension Office at the re-
quest of the claimant.

CLAIMS OP WIDOWS AND CHILDREN.
The Declaration.

The blank form of declaration, with
the accompanying notes, which is fur-
nished by the Pension Office upon the
request of a claimant, sufficiently indi-
cates the facts which should be stated by
the widow or guardian.

Evidence.

The facts relating to the cause of the
soldier's death on account of whom the
pension is claimed, including his last
illness and date and place of death,
should be set forth fully and in detail,
and should be proven by the physicians
who attended him during his illness ; but,
when that is impossible, the testimony
of other persons who are acquainted with
the circumstances may be furnished.

Proof of Marriage in Widow's Claims.

The marriage of the applicant to the
person on account of whose service and
death the claim is made should be shown

1st. By aduly verified copy of a church
or other public record ; or

2d. By the affidavit of the clergyman
or magistrate who officiated ; or

3d. By the testimony of two or more
eye-witnesses to the ceremony ; or

4th. By a duly verified copy of the
church record of baptism of the children ;
or

5th. By the testimony of two or more
witnesses who know that the parties lived
together as man and wife, and who will
state how long, within their knowledge,
such cohabitation continued.

Special provision, however, is made by

Section 4705 of the Revised Statutes in
regard to the character of the evidence
which shall be required in the claims of
widows and children of colored and In-
dian soldiers and sailors.

Proof of the Dates of Birth of Children.

The dates of birth of children should
be proved

1st. By a duly verified copy of the
church record of baptism or other public
record ; or

2d. By the affidavit of the physician
who attended the mother; or

3d. By the testimony of persons who
were present at the births, who should
state how they are able to testify to the
precise dates.

If any child of the person on whose
account the claim is made died after the
date at which the widow's pension will
commence, the date of the death must be
shown.

CLAIMS ON BEHALF OP MINOR CHILDREN.

In claims on behalf of minor children
the guardian must furnish proof upon
the following points :

1st. A copy of his letters of guardian-
ship, bearing the seal of the court making
the appointment, together with the cer-
tificate of the court that such appoint-
ment has not been revoked ; which cer-
tificate should also state the amount of
the guardian's bond.

2d. The cause and date of the fathers
death, the marriage of the parents,
and the dates of birth of the children
must be proved. When, however, satis-
factory proof upon these points has been
furnished in the claim of the widow, it
will not again be required in the claim
on behalf of the minors.

3d. If the mother of the children is
dead, the date of her death must be
proved. If she remarried, her remar-
riage must be proved in the same manner
that her marriage to the father of the
children is required to be proved. If
the claim is made on account of the
widow having abandoned the children,
or on account; of her unfitness to have
custody of them, the abandonment or
unfitness can be shown only by the cer-
tificate of the court having probate juris-
diction.

4th. If the mother of the children died
before the father, it must be shown
whether he again married.

5th. It must be shown whether the
father left any other child than those for

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

235

whose benefit the claim is made ; and, if
so, why such child is not embraced in the
application. A guardian is not entitled
on account of a child which died prior to
the date of the application.

CLAIMS OF DEPENDENT RELATIVES.
Dependent Mothers.

A mother must show her relationship,
the date and cause of the son's death,
and whether he left a widow or minor
children surviving, and her dependence
upon him for support at the time of his
death.

In proof of dependence it must be
shown that previous to the date of the
said son's decease her husband had died,
or that he had permanently abandoned
her support, or that on account of disa-
bility from injury or disease he was
uuable to support her. If the husband
is dead, the date of his death must be
proved. If he abandoned the support of
his family, the date of such abandonment,
and all the facts of the case showing
whether he ever returned, or ever after-
ward contributed to the support of the
claimant must be fully set forth. If he
was disabled, the nature and cause of
the disability, and when and to what
extent it rendered him unable to support
the claimant, must be shown by the testi-
mony of his physician. The extent of
his disability during the period from the
son's death to the date of application
should also be shown.

The value of the property of the claim-
ant and her husband, the income which
they derived therefrom, and the other
means of support possessed by them
while she was receiving the contributions
of her said son, and from that time for-
ward, should be shown by the testi-
mony of credible and disinterested wit-
nesses, who must state how they know
the facts. The value of property assessed
for taxation may be shown by the testi-
mony of the officer having possession of
the records relating thereto. The true
as compared with the assessed value
should be stated.

It must be shown to what extent, for
what period, and in what manner her
said son contributed to her support, by
the testimony of persons for whom the
son labored, to whom he paid rent, of
whom he purchased groceries, fuel, cloth-
ing, or other necessary articles for her
use, or of those who otherwise had a
knowledge of the contributions of the

son, and who must state how they ob-
tained such knowledge. Any letter from
the son bearing upon the question of
support should be filed. If the son, in
any other manner than by actual contri-
butions, acknowledged his obligation to
support his mother, or was by law bound
to such support, the facts should ha
shown.

Dependent Fathers.

A father claiming pension on account
of the death of his son, upon whom he
was dependent for support, must prove

1st. The cause and date of his son's
death ; that said son left no widow or
minor child surviving him; the cause
and extent of his disability during the
period in which the son contributed to
his support, and from that time to date
of application ; the amount of his prop-
erty, and all other means of support pos-
sessed by him during that period ; and
the extent of his dependence upon his
son for support. The facts of the case
in these respects should be shown by
such testimony as is required in the
claim of a mother. .

2d. The date of his marriage, the date
of the death of the mother, and the date
of birth of the son must be proved.

In case the mother applied for pension,
reference should be made to her npplica-
tion, and the number of the same, or of
her certificate, should be given. Evidence
upon any point established in her claim
will not again be required.

Minor Brothers and Sisters.

The claim on behalf of minor brother?
and sisters should be made by a guardian
duly appointed, who must furnish the
evidence of his or her authority under
the seal of the court from which the au-
thority was obtained. He must prove
the cause and date of the death of the
brother on whose account the claim is
made, his celibacy, the dates of death of
the mother and father, his relationship to
the persons on whose behalf the claim is
made, the dates of their births, and their
dependence upon the brother for support.
If the mother or father applied for pen-
sion, the number of his or her applica-
tion, or of his or her certificate should be
given. Evidence upon any point estab-
lished in the claim of the mother or
father will not again be required.

In the administration of the pension
laws no distinction is made between

236

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

brothers and sisters of the half blood
and those of the whole blood.

Magistrates and Witnesses.

All evidence in a claim for pension
(other than the declaration) may be veri-
fied before an officer duly authorized to
administer oaths for general purposes ;
but no evidence verified before an officer
who is engaged in the prosecution of the
claim, or who has a manifest interest
therein, will be accepted. Any officer
before whom testimony in a claim for
pension may be taken must therefore set
forth in his certificate that he has no
interest in the prosecution of such claim.

The official character and signature of
the magistrate who may administer the
oath must be certified by the proper officer
of a court of record under the seal of
such court.

When the commission of a notary
public, or a certified copy of his appoint-
ment, with his official seal and signature
attached, and the certificate of the clerk
of a court or other proper officer to the
genuineness of his signature, is filed in
the Pension Office, his own certificate,
under his official seal, will be recognized
thereafter during his continuance in
office 5 but in the absence of such com-
mission, or certified copy of his appoint-
ment, an affidavit taken before such
officer will not be received in any case
unless it be accompanied by a certificate
of the proper officer, showing his au-
thority and the genuineness of his signa-
ture. When a general certificate as to
the authority and signature of a notary
has been filed, upon all papers verified
before him thereafter, reference should
be made to such general certificate.

When a person authorized to act as a
deputy of an officer of a court of record
administers an oath to a witness, he must
sign his own name to the certificate of
the fact, and not that of the person for
whom he is acting.

It is desirable that the facts required
to be proved in the prosecution of a claim
for pension should, if possible, be shown
by the testimony of other persons than
near relatives of the claimant.

Every fact required to be proved should
be shown by the best evidence obtainable.
Every witness should state whether he
has any interest, direct or indirect, in the
prosecution of the claim in which he may
be called to testify, and give his post office
address.

Witnesses should not merely confirm
the statements of other parties, but they

should give a detailed statement of the
facts known to them in regard to the
matter concerning which they may tes-
tify, and they should state how they
obtained a knowledge of such facts. The
officer who may take the deposition must
certify as to his knowledge of the credi-
bility of the witnesses, and must state
how such knowledge was obtained. If
they sign by mark, he must certify that
the contents of their depositions were
fully made known to them before he
administered the oath.

It is desirable that affidavits should be
free from interlineations and erasures.
When an alteration is made in an affi-
davit, or an addition is made thereto, it
must appear by the certificate of the offi-
cer who administered the oath that such
alteration or addition was made with the
knowledge and sworn consent of the
affiant.

In all affidavits from surgeons or phy-
sicians, it is desirable that that portion
detailing the nature of the disability,
dates of treatment, and death, symptoms,
and opinions as to connection between
diseases, or injury and disease, should be
in the handwriting of the party by whom
it is signed. The testimony of any per-
son as an expert should be drawn up
by some one professionally competent to
make such a statement.

The official certificates of judicial offi-
cers using a seal, or of commissioned
officers of the army and navy in actual
service, will be accepted without affi-
davit; but all other witnesses must testify
under oath.

Attorneys,

Every officer of the United States, or
person holding any place of trust or
profit, or discharging any official function
under or in connection with any Execu-
tive Department of the Government of
the United States, or under the Senate
or House of Representatives of the Uni-
ted States, is prohibited, under a heavy
penalty, from acting as an agent or attor-
ney in claim for pension, or from aiding
and assisting in any manner, otherwise
than in the discharge of his proper offi-
cial duties, in the prosecution of such
claim.

No person can be recognized as an
attorney before the Pension Office until
he shall have filed the following oath,
sworn to before some officer duly author-
ized to administer oaths for general pur-
poses, whose official character and sig-
nature must be certified under seal :

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

237

-, do solemnly

that I

will support, protect, and defend the Constitu-
tion and Government of the United States
against aM enemies, whether domestic or for-
eign, and that I will bear true faith, allegiance,
and loyalty to the same, any ordinance, reso-
lution, or law of any State, convention, or
Legislature to the contrary notwithstanding;
and, further, that I do this with a full deter-
mination, pledge, and purpose, without any
mental reservation or evasion whatsoever ; and,
further, that I will faithfully perform all the
duties which may be required of me by law.
So help me God.

The revocation of power of attorney,
and substitution of another attorney,
will not be permitted unless with the
consent of the party having original
power of attorney, or unless a good and
sufficient reason be given for said substi-
tution.

In all claims filed after June 20, 1878,
and in claims in which the claimant was
not represented by attorney prior to that
date, the legal fee is $10, to be collected
by the agent or attorney without the
interference of the Pension Office or its
agencies.

No fee will be allowed in a claim for
arrears of pension under Section 4711,
Revised Statutes, or in a claim for a new
certificate or transfer of payment, or in
a claim for reissue to correct an error of
action, or made necessary by changes in
the law, or to exempt from biennial ex-
aminations, except where the attorney
shall furnish additional testimony upon
a call from the Pension Office material to
*he point at issue

SURVIVORS OF THE WAR OP 1312.

An honorable discharge is necessary,
but proof of loyalty is not required
rn claims under the act of March 9,
1878.

Any application for pension on ac-
count of service in the War of 1812, here-
tofore made under the act of Congress
approved February 14, 1871, granting
pensions, etc., or under Sections 4736,
4737, 4738, Revised Statutes, now pend-
ing, or which stands rejected, will be
treated as filed under the amendatory act
approved March 9, 1878, upon the claim-
ant filing with the Commissioner of
Pensions a statement, signed by him in
the presence of two attesting witnesses,
requesting that the claim may be adjusted
under the act of March 9, 1878. In such
cases new applications will not be re-
quired.

New applications must be made before
a court of record, or before some officer
thereof having custody of its seal, as in
other cases, except where, by reason of
infirmity of age, the claimant is unable
to travel, in which case the declaration
may be made before any officer author-
ized to administer oaths for general pur-
poses. The infirmity must be sworn to
by the claimant, and certified to by the
officer before whom the declaration is
made. Applications for restoration to
the rolls under the provisions of March
9, 1878, will be made in the usual form
for restoration, and executed as provided
in such cases.

INDIAN OFFICE.

This Office was established by the act
of Congress of July 9, 1832.

COMMISSIONER OP INDIAN AFFAIRS.

He has the management, under di-
rection of the Secretary of the Interior,
agreeably to such regulations as the
President of the United States prescribes,
of all Indian affairs, and of all matters
arising out of Indian relations.

All accounts and vouchers for claims
and disbursements are transmitted to him

for administrative examination, and by
him passed to the Second Auditor of the
Treasury, who, in turn, after examination .
certifies the balances, and transmits the
accounts to the Second Comptroller of
the Treasury for his decision thereon.

He must transmit annually to Congress
tabular statements showing the separate
objects of expenditure under his super-
vision, how much disbursed for each ob-
ject, describing the articles and quantity
of each, and giving the name of each per-
son to whom any part was paid, and how

238

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

much and for what objects expenditures
for incidentals or miscellaneous expenses
of the Indian service were made during
the preceding fiscal year.

He must embody in his annual report
the reports of all agents or commissioners
issuing food, clothing, or supplies of any
kind to Indians, stating the number of
Indians present actually receiving the
same. Kules are enforced prohibiting
the sale of arms or ammunition within any
district or country occupied by uncivilized
or hostile Indians.

There is a Board of Indian Commis-
sioners, composed of ten persons, ap-
pointed by the President solely,, from men
eminent for intelligence and philan-
thropy, who serve without pecuniary
compensation, but whose travelling and
other necessary expenses are paid.

This Board has power to supervise all
expenditures of money appropriated for
the benefit of the Indians 5 and it is their
duty to inspect all goods purchased for
Indians, in connection with the Commis-
sioner of Indian Affairs, whose duty it is
to consult the Commissioners in making
purchases of such goods. Any member
of this Board is empowered to investigate
all contracts, expenditures, and accounts
in connection with the Indian service,
and to have access to all books and papers
relating thereto in any Government
office.

All merchandise required by Indians
under any treaty, payable after making
such treaty, are purchased upon proposals
received after advertisement ; and all mer-
chandise required at the time of making
any treaty must be purchased under the
order of the Commissioner of Indian Af-
fairs by such person as he appoints. All
other purchases on account of Indians,
and all payments to them of money or
goods, are made by persons designated
by the President for that purpose.

He is authorized and required, with
the approval of the Secretary of the In-
terior, to remove from any tribal reserva-
tion any person being there without
authority of law, or whose presence may
be detrimental to the peace and welfare
of the Indians, and he may employ for
the purpose such force as may be neces-
sary to enable the agent thereat to effect
the removal of such person.

THE INDIAN SERVICE.

There are five Indian Inspectors, at a
compensation of $3000 a year each, and
necessary travelling expenses, whose duty

it is to visit and inspect, twice a year, In-
dian agencies. Their examination ex-
tends to a full investigation into all
matters pertaining to the agency, includ-
ing accounts, the manner of expending
money, the number of Indians provided
for, contracts, the condition of the In-
dians, their advancement in civilization,
the extent of the reservations, and what
use is made of the lands set apart for that
purpose.

Each Inspector has power to examine
all books, papers, and vouchers, to ad-
minister oaths, and to examine on oath
all officers and persons employed in the
agency, and all such other persons as may
be necessary.

He has power to suspend any agent or
employe, and to designate some person
in his place temporarily, subject to the
approval of the President ; and upon the
conclusion of each examination a report
must be forwarded to the President with-
out delay. He has power, by proper
legal proceedings, which it is the duty of
the proper district attorney of the Uni-
ted States to effectuate, to enforce the
laws, and to prevent their violation.

FORCE IN THE INDIAN OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs $3500

Chief clerk 2000

1 financial clerk 2000

4 clerks, each. 1800

7 " " 1600

I stenographer 1600

II clerks, each 1400

10 " " 1200

13 " " 1000

8 copyists, " 900

1 messenger 840

1 assistant messenger 720

2 laborers, each 660

2 special agents, each 2000

INDIAN AGENTS AND AGENCIES.

State or Per
Territory. Annum.

1 at the Warm Springs Agency, Oregon..$1000

Klamath

.. 1100

Grand Ronde

.. 1000

Siletz

.. 1200

Umatilla

.. 1200

Malheur

".. 1000

Neah Bay Agency, Wash. Ter

. 1100

Yakama

. 2000

Colville

. 1500

Nisqually

. 1200

S'Kokomish

. 1100

Tulalip

. 1500

Quinaielt

{(

. 1000

Round Valley Agency, Cal ....

.. 1500

Hoopa Valley " "

.. 1000

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

239

State or Per '
Territory. Annum.

1 at the Tule River Agency, California. ..1000
1 Mission ". " ... 1300

1 " Nevada Agency, Nevada 1800

1 " Western Shoshone Agency, Nev. 1800
Nez Perces Agency, Idaho Ter... 1600

Lemhi " " HOO

Fort Hall " " 1500

Flathead Agency, Montana Ter.. 1500
Blackfeet " " .. 1800

Crow " " .. 2000

1 Fort Peck " " .. 2000

1 Fort Belknap Agency, Montana

Ter 1000

1 Yankton Agency, Dal.ota Ter.... 1600

1 Crow Creek " " .... 1400

1 Standing Rock Agency, " .... 1700

] Cheyenne River " " .... 1500

1 Fort Berthold " " .... 1500

1 Sisseton " " .... 1500

1 Devil's Lake " " .... 1200

Lower Brule " " .... 1200

Pine Ridge " " .... 2200

Rosebud " " .... 2200

Shoshone Agency, Wyoming Ter. 1500

Uintah " Utah Ter 1000

Pueblo Agency, New Mexico Ter. 2000
1 Navajo " " 2000

1 Mescalero " " 1500

1 Los Pinos Agency, Colorado 1500

1 White River " " 1400

1 Southern Ute " " 1400

1 Great Nemaha Agency, Nebraska 1000

1 Omaha and Winnebago Agency,

1 Nebraska 1600

1 Otoe Agency, Nebraska 1000

1 Sant.ee " " 1200

1 Pottawatomie Agency, Kansas... 1000

Ponca Agency, Indian Ter 1500

Pawnee " " 1500

Sac and Fox Agency, Indian Ter. 1200
Quapaw " " 1200

Osage " " 1600

Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency,

Indian Ter 2200

Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita

Agency, Indian Ter 2000

Union Agency 2000

White Earth Agency, Minnesota. 1600

Sac and Fox ' Iowa 1000

Green Bay ' Wisconsin. 1500

La Pointe ' " 2000

Mackinac ' Michigan.. 1200

New York ' New York. 1200

Colorado River Agency, Arizona

Ter 1500

Pima and Maricopa Agency,

Arizona Ter 1800

1 " San Carlos Agency, Arizona Ter. 2000
1 " Moquis Pueblo " " 1300

DUTIES OF INDIAN AGENTS.

Each Indian Agent manages and super-
intends within his agency the intercourse
with the Indians, agreeably to law, and
executes and performs such regulations
and duties as may be prescribed by the

President, the Secretary of the Interior,
or the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

Each Agent must reside near, and keep
his agency within or neap the territory of
the tribe for which he is agent.

The President may require any mili-
tary officer to perform the duties of an
Indian Agent.

There are seventy-six Indian interpret-
ers provided for, at a compensation of
$300 a year each, as follows :

For the tribes in Oregon :

Two for the Klamath, one each for Grand
Ronde, Siletz, Umatilla, Warm Springs, and
Malheur.

Six for the tribes in Washington Territory.

Three for the tribes in Idaho : one each for
Nez Perces, Lemhi, and Fort Hall.

Four for the tribes in Nevada : one each for
Pi-Ute, Walker River, Western Shoshone, and
Pyramid Lake Reservations.

Six for the tribes in Montana : one each at
Flathead, Blackfeet, Belknap, and Crow, and
two at Fort Peck.

Twelve for the tribes in Dakota : two each at
Fort Berthold and Pine Ridge, and one each at
Yankton. Crow Creek, Standing Rock, Chey-
enne River, Sisseton, Devil's Lake, Rosebud,
and Lower Brule.

One for the tribes in Wyoming, at the Sho-
shone Agency.

One for the tribes in Utah.

Four for the tribes in New Mexico: two for
Navajo, one each for Mescalero Apaches and
Pueblo.

Three for the tribes in Colorado : one each at
Los Pinos, Southern Ute, and White River.

Six for the tribes in Nebraska.

Nine for the tribes in the Indian Territory.

Three for the tribes in Wisconsin : one at
Green Bay, and two for the La Pointe Agen-
cies.

Four for the tribes in Minnesota; one each
for Boise Forte and White Earth, and Red
Lake and Leech Lake.

Two for the tribes in Michigan, Mackinac
Agency.

Five for the tribes in Arizona : one each for
Colorado River, Pima and Maricopa, Moquia
Pueblo, and two for San Carlos.

A preference is given to persons of
Indian descent for appointments as inter-
preters and other employments for the
benefit of the Indians.

The President is authorized to employ
capable persons to instruct the Indians
in agriculture, and for teaching the chil-
dren in reading, writing, and arith-
metic.

Carpenters, farmers, blacksmiths, mil-
lers, engineers, physicians, teachers, and
persons in other capacities are provided
for the several Indian tribes at the public
expense, and for certain tribes schools
are supported.

240

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The law provides a force of Indian
police consisting of 800 privates, at $5 a
month each, and 100 officers, at 8 a

month each, who are employed to main-
tain order and to prevent illegal traffic in
liquor at the several Indian reservations.

THE PATENT OFFICE.

The first act of Congress relating to
patents was approved April 10, 1790,
which provided that upon petition made
by any person to the Secretary of State,
the Secretary of War, and the Attorney-
General, setting forth the invention or
discovery of any useful art, manufacture,
etc., it should be lawful for the said Sec-
retary of State, the Secretary of War,
and the Attorney-General, or either of
them, to cause letters patent to be made
out, the same to bear test by the Presi-
dent, and sealed with the seal of the
United States, and to be recorded in the
Department of State. That act also re-
quired a specification in writing contain-
ing a description of the invention, ac-
companied by explanations and models.

The present Patent Office was estab-
lished by the act of Congress of March
3, 1849, and reorganized by the act of
July 8, 1870, which latter act provided
that all records, books, models, drawings,
specifications, and other papers and
things pertaining to patents, should be
safely kept and preserved therein.

All officers and employes of the Patent
Office are prohibited from having any
right or interest, except by inheritance
or bequest, in any patent issued by the
office.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE COM-
MISSIONER.

The Commissioner of Patents superin-
tends, under the direction of the Sec-
retary of the Interior, and performs all
duties respecting the granting and issuing
of patents directed by law. and has
charge of all books, records, papers,
models, machines, and other things be-
longing to the Patent Office.

He may establish regulations, subject
to the approval of the Secretary of the
Interior, and not inconsistent with law
for the conduct of proceedings in this
office.

It is his duty to classify and arrange
in suitable cases in the rooms and gal-

leries provided for the purpose the
models, specimens of composition, fab-
rics, manufactures, works of art, and
designs deposited therein; and the rooms
and galleries must be kept open during
suitable hours for public inspection.

MODEL-ROOMS.

Previous to the date of the great fire,
September 24, 1877, which destroyed the
model-rooms and contents on the west
and north sides, comprising 87,000
models, the model-room as an entirety
comprised the whole of the third story,
and consisted of four grand halls, opening
into one another, and affording a prom
enade of about one-fourth of a mile
around the four sides of a quadrangle.
The halls were fitted up with two tiers
of cases, one above the other. Each
case was eight feet in height by from
sixteen to twenty feet in length, with
glass sides and ends. The cases could
be opened and their contents inspected at
any time in the presence of an employ^.
It contained about 200,000 models of
American invention, besides many curios-
ities and mementos, specimens of home
manufactures, and treasures of historic
interest. Among them were Washing-
ton's commission as Commander-in-Chief
of the American forces, his uniform,
camp-chest, and other personal effects ;
the coat which General Jackson wore at
the battle of New Orleans ; the printing-
press first used by Benjamin Franklin,
and many other interesting relics and
trophies, all of which relics were saved.

This gallery was begun in 1836. The
ravages of the fire have in a great meas-
ure been repaired, and the model-room
now presents a very magnificent as well
as interesting appearance. Thousands 1
of persons visit it yearly, and it affords
them an opportunity which is not only
valuable, but highly entertaining.

The Commissioner of Patents is au-
thorized to restore to the respective ap-
plicants such of the models belonging to

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

241

rejected applications as he thinks are not
necessary to be preserved, or he may sell
or otherwise dispose of them after the
application has been finally rejected for
one year, paying the money into the
Treasury of the United States.

A library of scientific works and peri-
odicals, foreign and American, to aid the
officers in the discharge of their duties, is
provided.

The Commissioner may, for gross mis-
conduct, refuse to recognize any person
as a patent agent, either generally or in
a particular case, the reasons for refusal
to be recorded, and subject to the ap-
proval of the Secretary of the Interior.

He may require all papers filed in the
office, if not legibly and correctly writ-
ten, to be printed, at the cost of the
parties filing them. He may print copies
of the claims of current issues, and such
laws, decisions, regulations, and circulars
as may be necessary for the information
of the public. He is authorized to print,
for gratuitous distribution, not to exceed
150 copies of the complete specifications
and drawings of each patent issued, with
suitable indexes, one copy to be placed
for free public inspection in each capitol
of every State and Territory, one for lik
purpose in the clerk's office of the dis-
trict court of each judicial district of the
United States, except when such offices
are located at capitols, and one in the
Library of Congress. Also to print such
additional number of copies of specifi-
cations and drawings, for sale, as the
actual demands for the same require ;
and to furnish complete sets to any pub-
lic library which will pay for binding
the same into volumes, and for their
transportation, the same to be preserved
and to be of easy access to the public.

The price to be paid for uncertified
printed copies of specifications and draw-
ings is fixed by the Commissioner.

It is the duty of the Commissioner to
lay before Congress in the month of
January, annually, a report, giving a de-
tailed statement of all moneys received
for patents, for copies of records or draw-
ings, or from any other source ; a detailed
statement of all expenditures for miscel-
laneous expenses ; a list of all patents
which were granted during the preced-
ing year ; an alphabetical list of all the
patentees, with their places of residence ;
a list of all patents which have been ex-
tended during the year, and such other
information of the condition of the Patent
Office as may be useful to Congress or the
public.

PATENT EXAMINERS.

The Examiners-in-Chief are required
to be persons of competent legal knowl-
edge and scientific ability, whose duty it
is, on the written petition of the appel-
lant, to revise and determine upon the
validity of the adverse decisions of the
Examiners upon applications for patents,
and for reissue of patents, and in inter-
ference cases ; and, when required by the
Commissioner, to hear and report upon
claims for extensions.

Written or printed copies of any rec-
ords, books, papers, or drawings belong-
ing to the Patent Office, and of letters
patent authenticated by the seal and
certified by the Commissioner or Acting
Commissioner of Patents, shall be evi-
dence in all cases wherein the originals
could be evidence ; and any person making
application therefor, and paying the fee
required by law, may have certified copies
thereof.

FORCE IN THE PATENT OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Commissioner of Patents $4500

Assistant Commissioner of Patents 3000

Chief clerk... 2250

3 exaininers-in-chief, each 3000

1 examiner of interferences 2500

.1 " " trade-marks 2400

1 examiner of designs 2400

22 principal examiners, each 2400

23 first assistant examiners, each 1800

23 second " " " 1600

23 third " " 1400

1 financial clerk 2000

1 librarian 2000

1 machinist 1600

4 clerks, each 1800

5 " " 1600

19 " " 1400

30 " " 1200

42 " " 1000

85 copyists, each 900

4 draughtsmen, each 1200

1 clerk and messenger 1000

6 assistant messengers, each 720

1 skilled laborer 1200

10 attendants in model-room, each 800

25 laborers, each 660

14 " " 600

20 " " 480

INFORMATION RESPECTING PATENTS.

Patents are issued in the name of the
United States. They are signed by the
Secretary of the Interior, countersigned
by the Commissioner of Patents, and re-
corded, with the specifications, in the
Patent Office. Every patent contains a
short description of the invention or dis-
covery, indicating its nature and design,
and grants to the patentee, his heirs'or

242

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

assigns, for a term of seventeen years, the
exclusive right to make, use, and vend
the invention or discovery throughout the
United States and Territories.

In patents granted prior to March 2,
1861, which run before that date for four-
teen years, wherein cases which have not
afforded a reasonable remuneration, the
Commissioner may, on proper proofs, ex-
tend the patent for a term of seven years,
making twenty-one years in all.

Every patent bears date as of a day
not later than six months from the time
at which it was allowed, and if the final
fee is not paid within that time, the
patent is withheld.

WHAT INVENTIONS ABE PATENTABLE.

Any person who invents or discovers
any new and useful art, machine, manu-
facture or composition of matter, or any
new and useful improvement thereof, not
known or used by others in this country,
and not patented or described in any
printed publication in this or any foreign
country, before his discovery or invention
thereof, and not in public use or on sale
for more than two years prior to his ap-
plication, unless the same is proved to
have been abandoned, may, upon pay-
ment of the fees required by law, and
other due proceedings had, obtain a
patent therefor.

REQUISITES OP APPLICATION, DESCRIPTION, ETC.

The inventor or discoverer must make
application in writing to the Commis-
sioner of Patents, and file in the Patent
Office a written description of the inven-
tion or discovery, and of the manner and
process of making, constructing, com-
pounding, and using it, in such full, clear,
concise, and exact terms as to enable
any person skilled in the art or science to
which it appertains to make, construct,
compound, and use the same ; and in
case of a machine, he must explain the
principle thereof, and the best mode in
which he has contemplated trying the
principle, so as to distinguish it from
other inventions ; and he must particu-
larly point out and distinctly claim the
part, improvement, or combination which
he claims as his invention or discovery.
The specification and claim must be
signed by the inventor and attested by
two witnesses.

When the nature of the case admits of
drawings, the applicant must furnish one
copy, signed by the inventor or his attor-
ney, in fact, and attested by two witnesses.

When the invention or discovery is of
a composition of matter, the applicant
must furnish, if required by the Com-
missioner, specimens of ingredients and
of the composition.

In all cases which admit of representa-
tion by model, a model of convenient size
to exhibit advantageously the several
parts of the invention must be furnished,
if required.

The applicant must make oath that he
verily believes himself to be the original
and first inventor or discoverer of the
art, machine, etc., for which he solicits a
patent ; that he does not know and does
not believe the same was ever before
known or used 5 and must state of what
country he is a citizen.

Every patent or interest therein is
assignable in law, by an instrument in
writing ; and the patentee or his assigns
or legal representatives may, in like
manner, grant and convey an exclusive
right, under his patent, to the whole or
any specified part of the United States.

CAVEATS.

Any citizen of the United States who
makes any new invention or discovery,
and desires further time to mature the
same, may, on payment of the fees re-
quired, file in the Patent Office a caveat,
setting forth the design thereof, and of
its distinguishing characteristics, and
praying protection of his right until he
shall have matured his invention ; which
will be filed in secret and be operative
for one year.

PATENTS FOR DESIGNS.

Any person who, by his own industry,
genius, efforts, and expense, has invented
and produced any new and original de-
sign for a manufacture, bust, statue, alto-
rilievo, or bass-relief; any new and orig-
inal design for the printing of woollen,
silk, cotton, or other fabrics ; any new and
original impression, ornament, patent,
print, or picture to be printed, painted,
cast, or otherwise placed on or worked
into any article of manufacture, the same
not having been known or used by others
before his invention or production thereof,
or patented or described in any printed
publication, may, upon payment of the fee
prescribed and other due proceedings had,
the same as in cases of inventions or dis-
coveries, obtain a patent therefor.

Patents for designs may be granted for
the term of three years and six months,

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

243

for seven years, or fourteen years, as the
applicant may desire.

RATES FOR PATENT FEES.

Each.
On filing original application for a patent... $15

On issuing original patent 20

On filing caveat 10

On application for reissue of a patent 30

On filing disclaimer 10

On appeal for first time from primary ex-
aminers to examiners-in-chief 10

On appeal from examiners-in-chief to Com-
missioner 20

For certified copies of patents and other

papers, 10 cents per 100 words.
For recording assignment, agreement, power
of attorney, or other paper, of 300 words
or under, $1 ; of over 300 and under
1000 words, $2 j of over 1000 words, $3.
For copies of drawings, the reasonable cost
of making them.

Design Cases. Each.

For three years and six months $10

For seven years 15

For fourteen years 30

Patent fees may be paid to the Com-
missioner of Patents, or to the Treasurer,
any Assistant Treasurer of the United
States, any designated depositary, Na-
tional bank, or receiver of public money,
designated by the Secretary of the Treas-
ury for that purpose, and such officer is
required to give the depositor a receipt or
certificate of deposit therefor.

TRADE-MARKS.

The law heretofore existing, and under
which the right for the exclusive use of
trade-marks has been granted, has re-
cently been declared unconstitutional by
the Supreme Court of the United States.

CENSUS OFFICE.

It is provided that a census of the
population, wealth, and industry of the
United States and Territories shall be
taken on or for the date June 1, 1880,
and that subsequent censuses shall be
taken in the same manner as the tenth,
below outlined, unless Congress shall
otherwise provide.

The Census Office is attached to the
Department of the Interior, and the chief
officer thereof is denominated the Super-
intendent, whose duty it is, under the
direction of the Secretary of the Interior,
to superintend and direct the taking of
the tenth census of the United States.

The Superintendent's salary is $5000
per annum.

The Secretary of the Interior may ap-
point a chief clerk of the Census Office ;
six clerks at $1800 per annum ; ten at
$1600 ; fifteen at $1400 ; and such num-
ber at $1200, and of copyists and com-
puters, at salaries not less than $700 or
more than $1000 per annum, as may be
found necessary for the proper and
prompt compilation and publication of
the results of the enumeration of the
census ; upon the completion of which
the office of Superintendent will cease,
and the period of service of the clerks
and other assistants will end.

It is provided that the Secretary of the
Interior shall, on or before March 1,

1880, designate the number, whether
one or more, of Supervisors of the cen-
sus to be appointed within each State
and Territory, who shall be residents of
the State or Territory ; the total number
not to exceed one hundred and fifty. Each
Supervisor will be entitled to receive, upon
the completion of his duties, $500, in full
for all services rendered and expenses in-
curred by him, except an allowance for
clerk-hire, which may be made at the
discretion of the Superintendent.

DUTIES OF SUPERVISORS.

It is the duty of each Supervisor to
propose to the Superintendent the appor-
tionment of his district into subdivisions
most convenient for the purposes of
enumeration. To designate suitable per-
sons, and, with the consent of the Super-
intendent, to employ such persons as
enumerators within his district, one for
each subdivision and resident therein ;
and to transmit to the enumerators the
printed forms and schedules issued from
the Census Office. To instruct enumera-
tors in their duties. To advise with them
in person and by letter. To cause the
enumerators to distribute the schedules
to be filled up by householders and
others. To transmit the returns of enu-
merators as early as practicable, which

244

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

he must examine and scrutinize to see
that their work has been performed in
full compliance with the law. To forward
to the Census Office complete returns of
his district ; also the accounts to ascertain
the amount of compensation due to each
enumerator.

DUTIES OP ENUMERATORS.

It is the duty of each Enumerator to
visit personally each dwelling-house in
his subdivision and each family therein,
each individual living out of the family,
making inquiry from the head of each
family, or the member thereof deemed
most worthy of trust, or the individual
out of the family, to obtain all the infor-
mation and particulars required.

If no person of the family is competent
to give the answers, the Enumerators may

obtain the information from persons
living nearest. He must forward the
original schedules, duly certified, to the
Supervisor of his district.

Enumerators will be allowed, in sub-
divisions where such allowance is deemed
sufficient, not exceeding 2 cents for
each living inhabitant, 2 cents for
each death reported, 10 cents for each
farm, and 10 cents for each establish-
ment of productive industry enumerated
and returned. For all other subdivisions
their compensation to be fixed by the
Superintendent, with the approval of the
Secretary, according to the difficulties of
the enumeration, which shall not average
in any district east of the one hundredth
meridian to exceed $4 per day of ten
hours' work, and west of said meridian
not to exceed $6 per day.

BUREAU OF EDUCATION.

This Bureau was established by the
act of Congress, March 2, 1867, which
declared the purpose and duties of the
same to be to collect statistics and facts
showing the condition and progress of
education in the several States and Terri-
tories, and to difi'ilse such information
respecting the organization and manage-
ment of schools and school systems, and
methods of teaching, as shall aid the
people of the United States in the estab-
lishment and maintenance of efficient
school systems, and otherwise promote
the cause of education throughout the
country.

The management of the office is in-
trusted to the Commissioner of Educa-
tion, subject to the direction of the Secre-
tary of the Interior. The Commissioner

is required to present annually to Con-
gress a report of his investigations and
such facts and recommendations as will,
in his judgment, subserve the purpose for
which the office is established.

FORCE OF THE BUREAU.

Commissioner of Education.

Chief clerk

Statistician

1 clerk

1 "

1 translator

Per Annum.

$3000

1800

1600

.. 1600

1 clerk 1400

2 clerks 1200

6 copyists, each 900

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer.... , 660

AUDITOR OF RAILROAD ACCOUNTS.

The act of Congress of June 19, 1878,
established the Office of Auditor of Rail-
road Accounts as a Bureau of the In-
terior Department.

DUTIES OF THE AUDITOR.

It is his duty, under and subject to the
direction of the Secretary of the Interior,

to prescribe a system of reports to be
rendered to him by the railroad com-
panies whose roads are in whole or in
part west, north, or south of the Missouri
River, and to which the United States
have granted any loan of credit or sub-
sidy in bonds or lands ; to examine the
books and accounts of each of said rail-

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

245

road companies once in each fiscal year,
and at such other times as may be deemed
by him necessary to determine the cor-
rectness of any report received from
them ; to assist the Government directors
of any of said railroad companies in all
matters which come under their cogni-
zance whenever they may request such
assistance ; to see that the laws relating
to said companies are enforced ; to fur-
nish such information to the several De-
partments of the Government, in regard
to tariffs for freight and passengers, and
in regard to the accounts of said railroad
companies, as may be by them required,
or in the absence of any request therefor,

as he may deem expedient, and to make
an annual report to the Secratary of the
Interior, on the first day of November
of each year, on the condition of said
railroad companies, their road, accounts,
and affairs for the fiscal year ending June
30, preceding.

FORCE ij* THE OFFICE.

Per Annum.

Auditor $3600

Book-keeper 2400

Assistant book-keeper 2000

Railroad engineer 2000

1 clerk 1400

1 copyist 900

1 messenger 600

ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL.

The Architect of the Capitol devises
plans for the alterations and repairs of
the Capitol building, and superintends
the employes and workmen engaged upon
the same.

He also has charge of the grounds be-
longing to and surrounding the Capitol.

FORCE EMPLOYED BY THE ARCHI-
TECT.

Per Annum.
Architect $4500

2 clerks, each 1800

1 draughtsman 1800

1 civil engineer . 1800

1 foreman 1500

1 superintendent of meters 1200

1 messenger 900

3 foremen, each 900

2 superintendents of heating apparatus,

each 864

1 laborer 720

6 watchmen, each 720

2 lamp-lighters, each 720

6 watchmen, eah 660

4 laborers, " 660

3 watchmen, " 600

Per Diem.

1 artist $10.00

1 foreman of painters 4.25

1 plumber 4.00

1 marble-cutter 4.00

1 foreman 3.50

1 stone-cutter 3.50

4 carpenters, each 3.00

1 coppersmith 3.00

1 plasterer 3.00

1 blacksmith 3.00

5 painters, each 2.75

3 watchmen," 2.50

1 carpenter 2.50

1 mason 2.50

1 rigger 2.50

6 painters, each 2.25

1 messenger 2.00

8 carters, each 2.00

2 assistant gasfitters, each 2.00

1 blacksmith's helper 1.75

1 painter 1.75

2 riggers, each 1.75

3 polishers, " 1.75

3 hod-carriers, each 1.75

1 rodman 1.75

7 laborers, each 1.75

14 " " 1.50

62 " " 1.25

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

By the act of Congress of March 3,
1879, the Office of Director of the Geo-
logical Survey was established, under the
Interior Department, with a salary of
S6000 a year, which officer has the direc-

tion of said survey, and the classification
of the public lands, and examination of
the geological structure, mineral re-
sources, and products of the national
domain.

246

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The Director and members of the Sur-
vey are prohibited from having any per-
sonal or private interests in the lands or
mineral wealth of the region under sur-

vey, and cannot execute any examinations
or surveys for private parties or corpo-
rations. For this service the sum of
$100,000 was appropriated by Congress.

ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION.

The act of Congress of March 3, 1877,
authorized the Secretary of the Interior
to appoint a Commission, to consist of
three skilled entomologists, to report
upon the depredations of the Rocky
Mountain locusts in the Western States
and Territories, and the best practicable
methods of preventing their recurrence,

or guarding against their invasions, and
appropriated the sum of $18,000 to meet
their expenses ; and further appropria-
tions for continuing and completing the
work of said Commission of $10,000 for
each of the fiscal years ending June 30,
1879 and 1880, have been made.

OFFICERS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
UNDER INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

RECORDER OF DEEDS.

It is his duty to record all deeds and
other instruments in writing authorized
to be recorded, and perform all required
services connected therewith.

Legal Fees. For filing, recording, and
indexing, or for making certified copy of
any instrument containing 200 words or
less, 50 cents, and 15 cents for each ad-
ditional 100 words ; for each certificate
and seal, 25 cents ; for searching book
extending back two years or less, 25
cents, and 5 cents for each additional
year ; for recording town plat, 3 cents
for each lot ; for filing and indexing any
paper required by law to be filed in his

office, 15 cents ; for each examination of
title by the party or his attorney, 50
cents ; for taking any acknowledgment,
50 cents.

The Register of Wills for the District
of Columbia receives his compensation by
fees allowed by law for registering wills,
etc.

INSPECTOR OF GAS METERS.

Per Annum.

Inspector of Gas Meters $2000

1 assistant.... 1000

GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.

The Government Hospital for the In-
sane was organized under the act of
March 3, 1855. It is situated on the
highlands, across the Anacostia River,
southeast of Washington, in full view of
the Capitol.

The objects of the institution are the
humane care and enlightened curative
treatment of the insane of the army and
navy, marine corps, and revenue-cutter
service of the United States, and of all
persons who have become insane since

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

247

their entry into the military or naval ser-
vice of the United States, and who are
indigent, and of the indigent insane of
the District of Columbia.

EXTENT OP BUILDINGS AND
GROUNDS.

The extent of the grounds belonging
to the United States, connected with the
Government Hospital for the Insane, is
four hundred and twenty-five acres, more
or less.

The original hospital edifice, with its
two detached buildings for the colored
insane, was designed" to accommodate
three hundred and fifty patients, with
their attendants ; it has been extended
and enlarged at different times, so that
its present capacity may be fairly esti-
mated at six hundred patients. The Re-
lief Building, now in process of com-
pletion, will afford room for more than
two hundred cases where the insanity is
of a mild type. The number of inmates
in January, 1880, was eight hundred and
sixty.

The buildings connected with the
hospital, not occupied by patients, are a
boiler-house, a laundry, a bake-house,
with store-rooms, a machine-shop, with
carpenter- and blacksmith-shops, a pump-
house, a porter's lodge, a gas-house, a
stable, and a stock-barn, with piggery
and hen-house. With the exception of
the stock-barn, all of these buildings are
substantial brick structures. There are
also eleven dwelling-houses.

The United States has invested more
than half a million dollars in this hospi-
tal property.

About one thousand persons receive
treatment in the Government Asylum for
the Insane yearly.

There is a farm and garden belonging
to the institution, upon which the in-
mates work, and it is found that, besides
being sources of profit and income to
the institution, they interest the inmates,
quicken a new life, and afford a diversion
and a solace to them, and thus aid to re-
store their reason.

The estimated value of the products of
the farm and garden for the year 1879
was $17,571.89.

The total receipts of the institution for
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1879, were
$176,809.41, which were derived as fol-
lows:

Appropriated from the Treasury of

the United States $150,000.00

By the District of Columbia and
other sources for board of pa-
tients 26,809.41

Total $176,809.41

FORCE EMPLOYED.
9 honorary visitors no compensation.

Per Annum.

Superintendent $2500

1 assistant physician 1100

1 " " 1000

1 " 800

1 chief clerk 1300

1 clerk at $600 per annum, 1 at $500, i
at $270 per annum, and 208 others, house-
keepers, stewards, supervisors, engineers,
watchmen, attendants, seamstresses, etc., with
compensation from $96 to $900 per annum
each.

COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION
OF THE DEAF AND DUMB.

The Columbia Institution for the Deaf
and Dumb was established by act of
Congress of February 16, 1857, as a cor-
poration, to have perpetual succession.
It is situated in the city of Washington,
District of Columbia.

The real and personal property of the
institution must not be devoted to any
other purpose than the education of the
deaf and dumb, nor can any portion of
the real estate be sold, except under au-
thority of a special act of Congress.

248

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

OFFICERS.

The President of the United States,
patron : a President of the Institution ; a
Secretary and a Treasurer ; a Board of Di-
rectors, consisting of eight persons, one
of whom shall be a Senator of the United
States, to be appointed by the President
of the Senate, and two Representatives,
to be appointed by the Speaker of the
House. Salaries and wages, per annum,
$29,000.

ADMISSION OF PUPILS FROM THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

It is made the duty of the Secretary of
the Interior, upon satisfactory evidence
produced by the President of the Colum-
bia Institution that any deaf and dumb
person of teachable age, belonging to the
District of Columbia, is in indigent cir-
cumstances, and cannot command the
means to secure an education, to author-
ize such person to enter the Institution
tor instruction.

ADMISSION OF PUPILS FROM STATES
AND TERRITORIES.

Deaf-mutes not exceeding forty in
number, residing in the several States
and Territories, applying for admission
to the collegiate department of the Colum-
bia Institution, shall be received upon
the same terms and conditions as those
prescribed for those from the District of
Columbia, at the discretion of the Presi-
dent of the Institution. No student com-
ing from either of the States shall be
supported by the United States during
any portion of the time he remains
therein.

During the year ended June 30, 1879,
there were 118 pupils in the Institution.

The receipts for the support of the In-
stitution during that year were $55,202,
$51,000 of which was appropriated by
Congress, the remainder was made up
from the sale of products of the farm be-
longing to the Institution, and the sale
of old material. There were also appro-
priated by Congress $5000 for improve-
ments on buildings and grounds.

REGULATIONS.

The academic year is divided into three
terms, the first beginning on the Thurs-
day before the last Thursday in Septem-
ber, and closing on 24th of December ;
the second beginning the 2d of January,
and closing the' last of March ; the third
beginning the first of April, and closing
the Wednesday before the last Wednes-
day in June.

The vacations are from the 24th of De-
cember to the 2d of January, and from
the Wednesday before the last Wednes-
day in June to the Thursday before the
last Thursday in September.

There are holidays at Thanksgiving
and Easter.

The pupils may visit their homes dur-
ing the regular vacations, and at 'the
above-named holidays, but at no other
time, unless for some special, urgent
reason, and then only by permission of
the President.

The bills for the maintenance and tu-
ition of pupils supported by their friends
must be paid semi-annually, in advance.

The charge for pay-pupils is $150 each
per annum. This sum covers all expenses
in the primary department except cloth-
ing, and all in the college except clothing
and books.

The Government of the United States
defrays the expenses of those who reside
in the District of Columbia, or whose
parents are in the army or navy, pro-
vided they are unable to pay for their
education. To students from the States
and Territories who have not the means
of defraying all the expenses of the col-
lege course, the Board of Directors ren-
ders such assistance as circumstances
seem to require, as far as the means at
its disposal for this object will allow.

It is expected that the friends of the
pupils will provide them with clothing,
and it is important that upon entering or
returning to the Institution they should
be supplied with a sufficient amount for
an entire year. All clothing should be
plainly marked with the owner's name.

All letters concerning pupils or appli-
cation for admission should be addressed
to the President.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

249

FKEEDMEN'S HOSPITAL AND ASYLUM.

The Freedmen's Hospital and Asylum
was established primarily for the recep-
tion of sick freedmen, in which they could
receive medical treatment, nursing, and
care.

Both white and colored patients are
now treated, and the Hospital has become
a general one for the reception of all
classes of patients within the District of
Columbia. Many of the patients are
non-residents.

The Hospital is located near Seventh
Street and Boundary Street.

During the year 1879 about 900 pa-
tients were treated in the Hospital, and

about 4000 prescriptions were put up for
the numerous poor who constantly apply
for aid and medical treatment.

OFFICERS AND ATTENDANTS.

Per Annum.

Surgeon-in- Charge $2000

Assistant, surgeon 1800

Executive officer 1400

Engineer 720

Matron 216

9 nurses, each from $72 to 240

2 cooks, each 180

1 cook 96

24 laborers, each from $60 to 720

COLUMBIA HOSPITAL FOR WO

IN ASYLUM.

m^*i

The Columbia Hospital for Women
and Lying-in Asylum was created by
act of Congress of June 1. 1866. It is
situated in the square bounded by
Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, M, and L
Streets, northwest, and fronts Pennsyl-
vania Avenue. The grounds comprise
two-thirds of the square, and the build-
ing is a large three-story and mansard-
roof structure of brick.

The objects of the Asylum are the
treatment of diseases peculiar to women,
and where those unable to pay therefor
shall be furnished with board, lodging,
medicine, and medical attendance gra-
tuitously.

During the fiscal year ended June 30,
1879, 299 patients were treated in this
Hospital. There were 126 cases of deliv-
ery during the same period. Besides the
patients treated in the Hospital, the man-
agement offered relief to a large number
of poor women. There were 38 paying

JTU.

patients treated during the year, and the
amount received from them was 1381.
Congress appropriated $12,000 for the
support of this Hospital for the year
1879.

OFFICERS OF THE COLUMBIA HOS-
PITAL AND LYING-IN ASYLUM.

A President, two Vice-Presidents, Sec-
retary, Treasurer, seventeen Directors,
three of whom must be Members of Con-
gress, and appointed by Congress, who
serve without additional compensation,
and the other officers before named serve
without compensation.

Per Annum.
A Resident Physician and Sufgeon-in-

Charge $1800

A matron 600

13 nurses, cooks, laundresses, laborers,
and others, with compensation rang-
ing from $96 to $240 each, per an-

POST-OFFICE DEPAKTMENT.

This Department was temporarily es-
tablished by the act of Congress of Sep-
tember 22, 1789, permanently by the act
of May 8, 1794.

The Postmaster-General is the head of
this Department.

There are three Assistant Postmasters-
General, at a salary of $3500 a year each.

There is also an Assistant Attorney-
General for the Post-Office Department
(mentioned under the Department of Jus-
tice), at a salary of $4000 a year.

DUTIES OF THE POSTMASTER-GEN-
ERAL.

It is the duty of the Postmaster-Gen-
eral :

To establish and discontinue post-
offices.

To decide on the forms of all official
papers.

To prescribe the manner of keeping
and stating accounts.

To enforce the prompt rendition of
returns relative to accounts.

To control, subject to the settlement of
the Sixth Auditor, all expenses incident
to the service of the Department.

To superintend the disposal of the
moneys of the Department.

To direct the manner in which balances
shall be paid over ; issue warrants to
cover money into the United States
Treasury ; and to pay out the same.

To superintend generally the business
of the Department, and execute all laws
relative to the postal service.

He may negotiate and conclude postal
treaties with foreign countries, and may
reduce or increase the rates of postage
on mail-matter conveyed between the
United States and foreign countries, in
order to counteract adverse measures by
foreign countries.

No person employed in the Post-Office
Department shall become interested in
any contract for carrying the mail, or act
us agent for any contractor or person

250

offering to become a contractor in any
business before the Department, on pen-
alty of dismissal from office, and liability
to pay as much money as would have
been realized from the contract, to be
recovered by action of debt, for the use
of the Department.

The Postmaster-General reports the
operations of his Department to Con-
gress, annually.

The postal revenues, and all debts due
the Post-Office Department, when col-
lected, are paid into the Treasury of the
United States, by warrants of the Post-
master-General, countersigned by the
Sixth Auditor.

The Postmaster-General may prescribe
such general rules and modes of proceed-
ing for the government of the Sixth Au-
ditor in ascertaining the fact in all cases
of fine, penalty, forfeiture, or disability,
or alleged liability for any sum of money
by way of damage, or otherwise, under
any law in relation to the officers, em-
ployed, operations, or business of the
postal service ; and upon the fact being
ascertained in any case, the Auditor may,
with the written consent of the Post-
master-General, mitigate or remit such
fine, penalty, or forfeiture, remove such
disability, or compromise, release, or dis-
charge such claim for such sum of money
and damages, and on such terms as the
Auditor may deem Just and expedient.

The Postmaster-General may discharge
from imprisonment any person confined
in jail on any judgment in a civil case
obtained in behalf of the Post-Office
Department, if it be made to appear that
the defendant has no property of any
description.

POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS.

He may establish post-offices at such
places on post-roads established by law
as he may deem expedient, and he may
discontinue any post-office when the
safety and security of the postal service

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

251

and revenues are endangered from any
cause whatever, or when the efficiency of
the service requires it, and he must give
prompt notice of such establishments and
discontinuances to the Sixth Auditor.

He must supply vacancies of post-
masters without delay, and when the
exigencies of the service require, he may
place vacant offices in charge of special
agents.

The Postmaster-General must furnish
to postmasters at the termination of each
route a schedule of the time of arrival
and departure of the mail at their offices,
respectively ; also shall notify them of
any change in the arrival and departure
ordered ; and must cause registers to be
kept, at short intervals, showing the
exact time of the arrivals and departures
of the mails.

He must direct every postmaster to
keep a record of all postage-stamps, en-
velopes, and other property received from
his predecessor, or from the Department ;
of all receipts in money for postages and
box-rents, and of all other receipts on
account of the postal service.

He prescribes the form in which every
postmaster shall render, under oath, a
quarterly account of all moneys received
or charged by him, or at his office, for
postage, rent of boxes, etc.

NUMBER AND COMPENSATION OF
POSTMASTERS.

The exact number of postmasters can
never be given, as changes are being
made every day, and discontinuances and
establishments almost every hour in the
day. The approximate number now ex-
isting is 41,000, and that number is prob-
ably not one hundred, more or less, than
the exact number.

The highest compensation paid is $4000
a year, except at New York City, which,
by special enactment, is $8000.

Offices of the fourth class receive no
fixed salary, but are allowed their box-
rents and commissions on cancelled
stamps. Some of this class receive as
low as $5 per annum.

COMPENSATION.

The respective compensation of post-
masters of the first, second, and third
classes is their annual salaries, assigned
in even hundreds of dollars, and payable
quarterly ; fixed by the Postmaster-Gen-
eral, by adding to au amount of the box-
rents of the office received or estimated
not exceeding $1350, when the boxes are

supplied and owned by the postmaster,
and two-thirds of the box-rents, and not
to exceed $1000, when the boxes are not
supplied and owned by the postmaster,
commissions on all the other postal
revenues of the office to an amount not
exceeding $1350, at the following rates,
namely : On the first $100 per quarter,
sixty per centum ; on all over $100 and
not over $300 per quarter, fifty per
centum ; on all over $300 and not over
$700 per quarter, forty per centum ; and
thirty per centum on all revenues exceed-
ing $700 per quarter, but the aggregate of
the said commissions not to exceed $1350 ;
and at all offices where the total revenues
exceed, respectively, $4000 per annum,
there is added to the compensation from
box-rents and commissions a percentage
of the gross revenues at the following
rates, namely: One per centum on all
sums over $4000 and not exceeding
$10,000 ; nine-tenths of one per centum
on all sums over $10,000 and not exceed-
ing $20,000 ; eight-tenths of one per
centum on all sums over $20,000 and not
exceeding $40,000; six-tenths of one per
centum on all sums over $40,000 and not
exceeding $80,000 ; five-tenths of one per
centum on all sums over $80,000 and not
exceeding $160,000; four-tenths of one
per centum on all sums over $160,000
and not exceeding $320,000 ; three-tenths
of one per centum on all sums over $320,-
000 and not exceeding $640,000; two-
tenths of one per centum on all sums over
$640,000 and not exceeding $1,280,000 ;
and one-tenth of one per centum on all
sums exceeding $1,280,000; and in order
to ascertain the amount of the postal re-
ceipts of each office, the Postmaster-Gen-
eral may require postmasters to furnish
duplicates of their quarterly returns to
the Auditor at such times and for such
periods as he may deem necessary in each
case : Provided, That at offices where the
letter-carrier system is now, or may here-
after be, established, the box-rents, in fix-
ing the compensation of the respective
postmasters at such offices, must be esti-
mated at not less than $1000 per annum;
but at all such offices where the compen-
sation is now $4000, they must be esti-
mated at an amount which, with the
commissions and percentages hereby
allowed, will make the salaries of the
postmasters thereat not less than $3000.

Fourth- Class Postmasters.

The compensation of postmasters of the
fourth class is the whole of the box-rents

252

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

collected at their offices, and commis-
sions upon the amount of the cancelled
postage-due stamps, on amounts received
from waste-paper, dead newspapers,
printed matter, and twine sold, and
on postage-stamps, stamped envelopes,
postal cards, and newspaper and peri-
odical stamps cancelled on matter actually
mailed at their offices, at the following
rate, namely : On the first $100 or less
per quarter, sixty per centum ; on all
over $100 and not over $300 per quarter,
fifty per centum 5 and on all over $300
per quarter, forty per centum 5 the same
to be ascertained and allowed by the
Auditor in the settlement of the accounts
of such postmasters, upon their sworn
quarterly returns : Provided, That when
the compensation of any postmaster of
this class reaches $1000 per annum, ex-
clusive of commissions on money-order
business, and when the returns to the
Auditor for four quarters show him to be
entitled to a compensation in excess of
that amount, the Auditor must report
such fact to the Postmaster-General, who
must assign him to his proper class, and
fix his salary : Provided further, That in
no case must there be allowed to any
postmaster of this class a compensation
greater than $250 in any one quarter, ex-
clusive of money-order commissions.

The Postmaster-General may adjust
salaries of the first, second, and third
classes (except New York) once in two
years, and in special cases as much
oftener as he may deem expedient.

The Postmaster-General may designate
offices at the intersection of mail-routes
as distributing or separating offices, and
where any such office is of the third or
fourth class, he may make a reasonable
allowance to the postmaster for necessary
cost of clerk-hire.

CLERKS IN POST-OFFICES.

There are now employed in the dif-
ferent post-offices throughout the United
States about 5000 clerks. They are ap-
pointed and their compensation is fixed
by the local postmasters, and it is paid
out of an allowance made by the Post-
master-General for clerk-hire. Their
salaries range all the way from $100 to
$4000 per annum, the chiefs of divisions
in the New York City Post-Office each
receiving the latter sum. This class of
employes, as may be said of all branche
of the postal service, is constantly on thi
increase.

LETTER-CARRIERS.

It is the duty of the Postmaster-Gen-
eral to cause the employment of letter-
carriers at every place containing a pop-
ilation of 50,000 within the delivery
routes of its post-office.

They may be employed at any city of
20,000 inhabitants within its corporate
imits, or at cities the post-offices at which
produce $20,000 a year.

Letter-carriers are classified, with com-
pensation at $1000, $850, and $800 per
innum, each, with a provision for the
employment of a class called auxiliaries
at the largest offices, with compensation
at $400 per annum each.

Two-thirds of the whole number em-
Dloyed in any city may be placed in the
jUOOO class, and not less than one-half
nust be so placed, the remaining one-
:hird or one-half to receive $800.

Letter-carriers are employed and their
pay fixed by the Postmaster-General as
follows :

No.

Albany, New York 18

Allegheny, Pennsylvania 11

Atlanta, Georgia 6

Baltimore, Maryland 42

" " 23

" 2

Bangor, Maine 4

Blooinington, Illinois 6

Boston, Massachusetts 106

" 55

Brooklyn, New York 62

" " . 31

Buffalo, New York 24

" 12

Burlington, Iowa 6

Camden, New Jersey 6

Charleston, South Carolina 8

Chicago, Illinois 108

'< 54

Cincinnati, Ohio 48

" 25

Cleveland, Ohio 22

" " 14

Columbus, Ohio '..... 12

Covington, Kentucky 5

Davenport, Iowa 8

Dayton, Ohio 12

Des Moines, Iowa 7

Detroit, Michigan. 20

Dubuque, Iowa 5

Easton, Pennsylvania 6

Elizabeth, New Jersey 6

Elmira, New York 7

Erie, Pennsylvania 7

Evansville, Indiana 7

Fall River, Massachusetts 6

Fort Wayne, Indiana 7

Grand Rapids, Michigan 8

Per

Annum.

$1000

800

850

1000
800
400
850
850

1000
800

1000
800
400

1000
800
850
850
850

1000
800

1000
800
850
850
850
850
850

1000
800
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
850

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

253

No.

Per

Annum.

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

$850

860

Hoboken, New Jersey

850

1000

800

Jersey City, New Jersey

1000

" "

800

Kansas City, Missouri

850

Lafayette, Indiana

850

Lawrence, Massachusetts

850

Leaven worth, Kansas

850

1000

800

850

Lynn, Massachusetts

850

Manchester, New Hampshire

850

Memphis, Tennessee.,

850

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

1000

800

Minneapolis, Minnesota

850

Mobile, Alabama

850

Newark, New Jersey

1000

a <t

800

New Bedford, Massachusetts

850

New Orleans, Louisiana

1000

800

New York, New York

262

1000

" "

133

800

" "

400

850

Oakland, California

850

Omaha, Nebraska

850

Oswego, New York

850

Peoria, Illinois

850

Petersburg, Virginia

850

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

168

1000

800

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania

1000

850

Portland, Maine

850

Pottsville, Pennsylvania

850

Poughkeepsie, New York

850

1000

" "

800

850

Reading, Pennsylvania

850

Richmond, Virginia

850

Rochester, New York

1000

" "

800

Saint Joseph, Missouri

850

1000

800

t( (i

400

Saint Paul, Minnesota

850

San Francisco, California

1000

(f (i

800

Savannah, Georgia

850

Springfield, Illinois

850

Syracuse, New York

850

Toledo, Ohio

850

Trenton, New Jersey

850

Troy, New York

850

Utica, New York

850

Washington, District of Columbia

1000

No.
Washington, District of Columbia 1 6

Wheeling, West Virginia 6

Wilmington, Delaware 10

Worcester, Massachusetts 11

Annum.

800

850

All expenses of letter-carriers, branch
offices, and receiving-boxes, or incident
thereto, must be kept and reported in a
separate account, and the Postmaster-
General is guided in the expenditures for
this branch of the service by the income
derived therefrom.

The Postmaster-General may establish
within any post-office delivery one or
more branch offices for the receipt and
delivery of mail matter, and the sale of
stamps and envelopes.

The Postmaster-General furnishes to
the post-offices exchanging mails with
foreign countries, and to such other offices
as he may deem expedient, postal bal-
ances denominated in grains of the
metric system, fifteen grains of which
are equivalent, for postal purposes, of
one-half ounce avoirdupois.

He may prescribe the manner of wrap-
ping and securing for the mails all mat-
ter not charged with letter postage ; and
postmasters at the office of delivery may
remove the wrappers and envelopes from
mail-matter not charged with letter post-
age, when it can be done without destroy-
ing them, for the purpose of ascertaining
whether there is anything about them
which would authorize a higher rate of
postage.

He may prescribe the terms upon
which route agents may receive from
publishers, or any news agents, packages
of newspapers and other periodicals, and
deliver the same as directed.

POSTAGE-STAMPS AND ENVELOPES.

The Postmaster-General may from time
to time adopt such improvements in post-
age-stamps and stamped envelopes as he
may deem advisable.

REGISTERED LETTERS.

He may establish a uniform system of
registration, but the Post-Office Depart-
ment or its revenue is not liable for the
loss of any mail-matter on account of its
having been registered.

He may upon evidence satisfactory to
him that any person is engaged in con-
ducting any fraudulent lottery, gift enter-
prise, or scheme for the distribution of
money or of any real or personal prop-
erty, by lot, chance, or drawing of any

254

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

kind, or in conducting any scheme or
device for obtaining money through the
mails by means of false or fraudulent
pretenses, representations, or promises,
instruct postmasters at any post-offices at
which registered letters arrive directed
to any such person, to return all such
registered letters to the postmasters at
the offices at which they were originally
mailed, with the word "fraudulent"
plainly written or stamped on the out-
side of such letters ; and all such letters,
so returned to such postmasters shall be
by them returned to the writers thereof.

CONTRACTS FOR CARRYING THE
MAILS.

The Postmaster-General must, before
making any contract for carrying the
mail, give public notice by advertising
once a week for six weeks in one or
more, not exceeding five, newspapers
published in the State or Territory where
the service is to be performed, one of
which to be published at the seat of
government of such State or Territory ;
such notice to describe the route, the
time at which the mail is to be made up,
the time at which it is to be delivered,
and the frequency of the service. Con-
tracts with railway companies may be
made without advertising for bids, also
with owners or masters of steamboats
plying upon the waters of the United
States, or of any steamship or other ves-
sel plying between ports of the United
States, for carrying the mail for any
length of time less than four years.

Bids must be opened and marked in
the presence of the Postmaster-General
and one or two of the Assistant Post-
masters-General.

It is his duty to record a true abstract
of all proposals made to him for carrying
the mail, with full particulars, and the
original proposals must be placed on file.

The Postmaster-General may accept
new surety upon any contract, in substi-
tution for and release of any existing
surety. Contracts are made for a period
of not longer than four years.

Whenever by error or other cause any
route was omitted at the regular letting,
it is the duty of the Postmaster-General
to advertise as soon as the omission is
discovered.

He may make deductions from the pay
of contractors for failures to perform ser-
vice according to contract, and impose
fines upon them for any delinquencies.
He may deduct the price of the trip in

all cases when the trip is not performed ;
and not exceeding three times the price,
if the failure is occasioned by the fault
of the contractor or carrier. Mail con-
tracts are not assignable. There are
about 5660 mail contractors.

POST-ROADS. CARRYING THE MAIL.

The following are established post-
roads :

All the waters of the United States,
during the time the mail is carried
thereon.

All railroads or parts of railroads which
are in operation.

All canals during the time the mail is
carried thereon.

The road on which the mail is carried
to supply any court-house which may be
without a mail, and the road on which
the mail is carried under contract made
by the Postmaster-General for extend-
ing the line of posts to supply mails to
post-offices not on any established route,
during the time such mail is carried
thereon.

All letter-carrier routes established in
any city or town for the collection and
delivery of mail-matter.

It is the duty of the Postmaster-Gen-
eral to provide for carrying the mail on
all post-roads established by law as often
as he, having due regard for productive-
ness and other circumstances, may think
proper. Also to cause a mail to be car-
ried from the nearest post-office on any
established road to the court-house of
any county in the United States which
is without a mail.

He may contract for carrying the mail
on the navigable canals of the several
States, in his discretion ; also on any
plank-road in the United States, also in
any steamboat or other vessel used as a
packet on any of the waters of the United
States.

He may make contracts for carrying the
mail, not exceeding one year, in steam-
ships between any ports in the United
States.

He may enter into contracts for extend-
ing the line of post to supply mails to
post-offices not on any established route.

He may change the terminus of post-
roads connecting with or intersecting
railways, when the service can be thereby
improved.

Whenever, in his opinion, the postal
service cannot be safely continued, the
revenues collected, or the laws maintained
on any post-road, he may discontinue the

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

255

service on such road or any part thereof
until the same can be safely restored.

He may, when he deems it advisable,
contract for the transportation of the
mails to and from any post-office ; but
where such service is performed over a
route not established by law, he must
report the same to Congress at its next
meeting, and such service will cease at
the end of the next session, unless such
route is established by Congress.

He may pay to the master or owner of
any vessel not regularly employed in
carrying the mail two cents for every
letter carried by such vessel between
ports or places in the United States.

RAILWAY SERVICE.

It is the duty of the Postmaster-Gen-
eral to arrange the railway -routes on
which the mail is carried into three
classes, according to the size of the mails,
the speed at which they are carried, and
the frequency and importance of the ser-
vice, so that each railway company will
receive a proportionate and just rate of
compensation, according to the service
performed.

SCHEDULE OP RATES FOR RAILROAD MAIL
SERVICE.

Pay per A nnum

Average Weight of Mails per Mile of

Whole Distance per Day. Route's Length.

Railroads Land Grant.

200 pounds $34.20

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

3,500

5,000

7,000

9,000
11,000
13,000
15,000
17,000
19,000
21,000
23,000
25,000
27,000
29,000
31,000
33,000
35,000
37,000

51.30
68.40
85.50
102.60
119.70
136.80
153.90
171.00
188.10
205.20
222.30
239.40
256.50
273.60
290.70
307.80
324.90
342.00
359.10
376.20
393.30
410.40

Railway post-office cars, 40 feet (per

daily line) 25.00

Railway post-office cars, 45 feet (per

daily line) 30.00

Railway post-office cars, 50 feet (per

daily line) 40.00

Railway post-office cars, 55-60 feet

(perdaily line) 50.00

Pay per Annum
ATerage Weight of Mails per Mile of

Whole Distance per Day. Route's Length.

On Railroads not Land Grant.

200 pounds $42.75

500 " 64.12*

1,000 " 85.50

1,500 " 106.87*

2,000 128.25

3,500 " 149.62*

5,000 171.00

7,000 " 192.37*

9,000 " 213.75

11,000 " 235.12*

13,000 " 256.50

15,000 " 277.87*

17,000 " 299.25

19,000 " 320.62*

21,000 " 342.00

23,000 " 363.37*

25,000 " 384.75

27,000 " 406.12*

29,000 " 427.50

31,000 " 448.87*

33,000 " 470.25

35,000 " 491.62*

37,000 " 513.00

Railway post-office cars, 40 feet (per

daily line) 25.00

Railway post-office cars, 45 feet (per

daily line) 30.00

Railway post-office cars, 50 feet (per

daily line) 40.00

Railway post-office cars, 55-60 feet

(per daily line) 50.00

FOREIGN MAIL SERVICE.

The Postmaster-General may, after ad-
vertising for proposals, enter into con-
tracts or make arrangements for trans-
porting the mail through foreign countries,
between any two points in the United
States.

He may, after advertising for proposals,
enter into contract for the transportation
of the mail between the United States
and any foreign country 5 which con-
tracts cannot be for a longer period than
two years.

Foreign mail must be by steamship,
unless the service can be facilitated by
carrying it in sail-vessels.

The Postmaster-General may allow, as
compensation for carrying the mail be-
tween the United States and any foreign
port, or between ports of the United
States when the steamship touches at a
foreign port, a sum not exceeding the
sea and United States inland postage.

He may impose a fine, not exceeding
one-half the contract price of the trip, for
any one default, on any contractor trans-
porting the mail between the United
States and any foreign country, for any
Unreasonable or unnecessary delay in the

256

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

departure of such mail or the perform-
ance of the trip.

He may, with the approval of the
President, allow the mails of Canada,
or other country adjoining the United
States, to be transported over the terri-
tory of the United States from one point
in such country to any other point in the
same, at the expense of the country to
which the mail belongs, upon obtaining
a like privilege for the transportation of
the United States mail through the coun-
try to which the privilege is granted.

He is authorized, under the direction of
the President, to charge upon and collect
from all letters and other mailable matter
carried to or from any port of the United
States, in any foreign packet ship or
other vessel, the same rates of charge, for
American postage, which the Government
to which the vessel belongs imposes upon
like matter conveyed to or from such
foreign country in American packets or
other vessels as the postage of such Gov-
ernmenf; and it is the duty of all cus-
tom-house officers and other proper agents
to carry the same into effect, and they
may open packages, etc., on suspicion of
fraud, in the presence of two or more re-
spectable persons, citizens of the United
States, and may prevent the vessel from
entering, breaking bulk, or making clear-
ance until such letters or other mailable
matter are delivered into the United
States Post-Office.

SPECIAL, LOCAL, AND ROUTE AGENTS.

The Postmaster-General may employ
two Special Agents for the Pacific Coast,
and such number of other Special Agents
as the good of the service and safety of
the mail may require. Their compensa-
tion is fixed by law at a salary of 1600
per annum, and not exceeding $5 per
diem for actual and necessary travelling
expenses when actually engaged in trav-
elling on the business of the Department,
except not exceeding ten in number ap-
pointed to perform duty at important
points designated by the Postmaster-Gen-
eral, and nine Assistant Superintendents
of Railway Mail Service, who may be
detailed to act as Superintendents of
Division of Railway Mail Service, whose
salary is $2500 a year each.

He may employ the Assistant Post-
masters-General and Superintendents of
his Department as Special Agents, and
while so employed allow them their neces-
sary travelling expenses.

He may appoint one Agent to superin-

tend the Postal Railway Service, at a
salary of $3500 a year, and actual ex-
penses while travelling on the business
of the Department.

Special Agents are intrusted with the
keys to the several mail-locks in use, and
are authorized to open and examine the
mails, when necessary. They are em-
powered to enter and examine any post-
office.

Special Agents are the representatives
of the Postmaster-General, and as such
all postmasters, contractors, and others
in the service are subordinate to them.

Payment of Special Agents is made as
follows :

The salary and per diem expenses of
the Agents who are Assistant Superin-
tendents of the Postal Railway Service
out of the appropriation for mail transpor-
tation. The salary and per diem of the
Agent of the Free Delivery System out of
the appropriation therefor ; and those
Agents employed in the Money-Order Ser-
vice are paid out of the proceeds of that
service.

The following Special Agents are em-
ployed :

SPECIAL AGENTS.
Attached to the Office of the Postmaster-General.

8 at $2500 per annum, each.

7 at $1600 per annum, each, and $5 per diem
for travelling expenses and subsistence.

3 at $1600 per annum, each, and $4 per diem
for travelling expenses and subsistence.

17 at $1500 per annum, each, and $4 per diem
for travelling expenses and subsistence.

7 at $1200 per annum, each, and $4 per diem
for travelling expenses and subsistence.

1 at $1400 per annum, and $4 per diem for trav-
elling expenses and subsistence.

1 at $1400 per annum, and $3 per diem for trav-
elling expenses and subsistence.

1 at $1400 per annum.

1 at $100 per annum.

Assigned to Superintendent of Raihcay Mail

Service.
General Superintendent at $3500 per annum.

9 assistant superintendents at $2500 per an-

num, each.
1 assistant superintendent at $1600 per annum,

and $5 per diem for travelling expenses

and subsistence.
1 assistant superintendent at $1600 per annum,

and $4 per diem for travelling expenses

and subsistence.
1 assistant superintendent at $1500 per annum,

and $4 per diem for travelling expenses

and subsistence.
1 assistant superintendent at $1200 per annum,

and $5 per diem for travelling expenses

and subsistence.
1 assistant superintendent at $1200 per annum,

and $4 per diem for travelling expenses

and subsistence.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

257

Assigned to Money-Order Service.

3 at $1600 per annum, each, and $4 per diein
for travelling expenses and subsistence.

1 at $1500 per annum, and $4 per diem for

travelling expenses and subsistence.

2 at $1400 per annum, each, and $4 per diem

for travelling expenses and subsistence.
1 at $2500 per annum.

1 at $1200 per annum.

Assigned to Letter- Carriers.

2 at $1600 per annum, each, and $5 per diem

for travelling expenses and subsistence.

Besides the above, who are perma-
nently employed, Special Agents are
sometimes employed temporarily.

RESIDENT FOREIGN MAIL AGENCIES.

The Postmaster-General may establish
Resident Mail Agencies at the ports of
Panama and Aspinwall, New Grenada ;
Havana, Cuba ; St. Thomas, and at such
other foreign ports at which United States
mail-steamers touch to land and receive
mails as in his judgment may promote
the efficiency of the Foreign Mail Service,
and may pay the agents so employed, out
of the appropriation for transportation
of the mail, a reasonable compensation,
and necessary expenses for office-rent,
clerk-hire, office furniture, and other in-
cidentals.

The following Agents are so employed :

One at Aspinwall, who is United States
Consul, and is allowed $235 per quarter
for office expenses.

One at Panama, New Grenada, who is
also United States Consul, and is allowed
$350 per quarter for office expenses.

ROUTE AGENTS.

He may employ as many Route Agents
as may be necessary for the prompt and
safe transportation of the mail, at a com-
pensation not less than $900 nor more
than $1200 a year, each, to be paid out of
the appropriation for transportation of the
mail.

72 route agents, each,

49
85
26
894

Per Annum.

$1000

980

960

940

920

. 900

RAILWAY POSTAL CLERKS.

The Postmaster-General may appoint
clerks for the purpose of assorting and
distributing the mail in railway post-offi-

ces, at a salary of not more than $1400 a
year each to the head clerks, nor more
than $1200 a year each to the other
clerks, to be paid out of the appropriation
for transportation of the mail.

Per Annum.

41 head clerks, each $1400

356 clerks, each 1300

443 " " 1150

178 " " 1000

69 " " 900

1 clerk : 840

2 clerks, each 600

1 clerk 500

LOCAL MAIL AGENTS.

Per Annum.
1 $1800

4, each 1400

1 1300

9, each 1200

1 1100

1 1080

23, each 1000

3, " 960

23, " 900

21, " 800

1 750

7, each 720

3, " 700

1 680

15, each 600

5, " 500

2, " 360

4, " 300

1 250

2, each 240

2, " 150

2, " 100

1... 4

MAIL ROUTE MESSENGERS.

8, each..

39, each.

Per Annum.

$880

860

850

840

820

, 800

750

720

.. 700

6, " 650

6, 640

61 600

1 550

8, each 500

3, 450

5 400

l'. 360

2, each 300

1 240

6, each 120

1 60

11, each 12

2 " 4

5 1

258

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The Postmaster-General may empower
any Special Agent or other officer of the
post-office establishment to make searches
for mailable matter transported in viola-
tion of law ; and the agent or officer so
authorized may open and search any car
or vehicle passing, or having lately be-
fore passed, from any place at which
there is a post-office of the United States
to any other such place, or any box. pack-
age, or packet being, or having lately
before been, in such car or vehicle, or
any store or house, other than a dwelling-
house, used or occupied by any common
carrier or transportation company, in
which such box, package, or packet
may be contained, whenever such agent
or officer has reason to believe that mail-
able matter, transported contrary to law,
may therein be found.

MONEY-ORDER SYSTEM.

To promote public convenience, and to
insure greater security in the transfer of
money through the mail, the Postmaster-
General may establish and maintain a
uniform money-order system at all suit-
able post-offices.

The postmaster of every city where
branch post-offices or stations are estab-
lished and in operation, subject to his
supervision, is authorized, under the di-
rection of the Postmaster-General, to
issue, or cause to be issued by any of his
assistants or clerks in charge of branch
post-offices or stations, postal money-
orders, payable at his own or at any other
money-order office, as the remitters
thereof may direct ; and the postmaster
and his sureties shall, in every case, be
held accountable upon his official bond
for all moneys which may come into his
or their hands, or be placed in his or
their custody by reason of the transac-
tion by them of money-order business.

In case of sickness, or unavoidable
absence from his office, of the postmaster
of any money-order office, he may, with
the approval of the Postmaster-General,
authorize the chief clerk, or some other
clerk of his office, to act in his place, and
to discharge all the duties required by
law of such postmaster. The postmaster
is responsible on his bond for the acts of
the person so acting.

The Postmaster-General may cause a
new money-order to be issued in lieu of
one not presented for payment within a
year, on application made by the remitter
or payee.

He may, upon satisfactory evidence
that any person is engaged in conducting
any fraudulent lottery, gift enterprise, or
scheme for the distribution of money, or
of any real or personal property, by lot,
chance, or drawing of any kind, or in
conducting any scheme or device for ob-
taining money through the mails by
means of false or fraudulent pretenses,
representations, or promises, forbid the
payment by any postmaster to any such
person of any postal money-order drawn
to his order or in his favor ; and may
provide by regulations for the return to
the remitter of the sums named in such
money-orders.

The Postmaster-General may pay out
of the proceeds of the money-order busi-
ness the cost of stationery and such inci-
dental expenses as are necessary for the
transaction of that business.

He may conclude arrangements with
the post departments of foreign Govern-
ments, with which postal conventions are
concluded, for the exchange, by means of
postal orders, of small sums of money,
not exceeding $50 in amount, at such
rates of exchange, and compensation to
postmasters, and under such rules and
regulations, as he may deem expedient.

MISCELLANEOUS POST-OFFICE BUSI-
NESS.

Whenever the Postmaster-General is
satisfied that money and property stolen
from the mail, or the proceeds thereof,
have been received at the Department, he
may, upon satisfactory evidence as to the
owner, deliver the same to him.

He may dispose of any quarterly re-
turns of mails sent or received, preserving
the accounts current and all accompany-
ing vouchers, and use such portion of the
proceeds as may be necessary to defray
the cost of separating and disposing of
them, but the accounts must be preserved
entire for at least two years.

The Postmaster-General must transmit
a copy of every postal convention to the
Secretary of State for the purpose of being
printed, and the printed copy thereof
must be revised by the Post-Office De-
partment instead of by the Secretary of
State.

He has power to fix annually the rates
for telegraphing on Government business
over the lines of any telegraph company
to which has been given the right of way,
timber, or station-lands from the Govern-
ment domain.

POST- OFFICE DEPA R THE NT.

259

ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS-GENERAL.
CONTRACTS SIGNED BY THE FIRST ASSISTANT.

The bonds of all postmasters may, by
the direction of the Postmaster-General,
be approved and accepted, and the ap-
proval and acceptance signed by the First
Assistant Postmaster General in the name
of the Postmaster-General ; and ajl con-
tracts for stationery, wrapping-paper,
letter-balances, scales, and street letter-
boxes for the use of the postal service,
may be signed in like manner by the
First Assistant Postmaster-General, in
the place and stead of the Postmaster-
General, and his signature shall be
attested by .the seal of the Post-Office
Department.

CONTRACTS SIGNED BY THE SECOND ASSISTANT.

The Second Assistant Postmaster-Gen-
eral, on the order of the Postmaster-
General, may sign with his name, in the
place and stead of the Postmaster-Gen-
eral, and attest his signature by the seal
of the Post-Office Department, all con-
tracts made in the said Department for
mail transportation, and for supplies of
mail-bags, mail-catchers, mail-locks and
keys, and all other articles necessary and
incidental to mail transportation.

CONTRACTS SIGNED BY THE THIRD ASSISTANT.

The Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen-
eral, when directed by the Postmaster-
General, may also sign, in his name, in
the place and stead of the Postmaster-
General, and attest his signature by the
seal of the Post-Office Department, all
contracts for supplies of postage-stamps,
stamped envelopes, newspaper-wrappers,
postal cards, registered-package envel-
opes, locks, seals, and official envelopes
for the use of postmasters, and return of
dead letters, that may be required for the
postal service.

DISTRIBUTION OP THE BUSINESS OF
THE DEPARTMENT.

THE OFFICE OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL.

The duties of this office are under the
immediate supervision of the chief clerk
of the Department, and relate to the mis-
cellaneous correspondence of the Depart-
ment not specially connected with its
other offices ; the appointment of Depart-
ment employes ; the recording of orders
promulgated by the Postmaster-General ;
the fixing of rates for the transmission
of Government telegrams ; the supervis-

ion of the advertising, and management
of the general work of the Department
not otherwise assigned. To it is attached
the office of the Topographer, charged
with the duty of keeping up the maps in
constant use in the Department proper,
with the preparation and publication of
new and revised post-route maps, with
supplying maps to all branches of the
postal service,* and with furnishing in-
formation for the settlement of all gov-
ernmental mileage and telegraph ac-
counts ; the office of the Superintendent
and Disbursing Clerk, to which is as-
signed the supervision of all repairs, the
care of the public property in, and the
furnishing of the Departmental building,
and the disbursement of the salaries of
the officers and employes of the Depart-
ment; the office of the Chief Special
Agent, to which are referred all cases of
losses or irregularities in the mails, and
all reported violations of the postal law ;
and the Division of Special Agents and
Mail Depredations, to which are referred
all accounts of Special Agents for salary,
per diem, and allowance.

THE OFFICE OF THE FIRST ASSISTANT POST-
MASTER-GEN ER AL.

To this office is assigned the duty of
preparing all cases for the establishment,
discontinuance, and change of name or
site of post-offices, and for the appoint-
ment of all postmasters, and employes
of the Railway Mail Service, and all cor-
respondence incident thereto ; the duty
of readjusting the salaries of postmas-
ters, and the consideration of allowances
for rent, fuel, and lights, clerk-hire, and
miscellaneous expenditures; of receiving
and recording appointments, of receiving,
entering, and filing bonds and oaths of
postmasters and issuing their commis-
sions. This office is also charged with
the correspondence with postmasters and
the public upon questions relating to the
character and classification of mail-mat-
ter, and the rates of postage thereon,
under the direct supervision of the Law
Clerk of the Department. To it is

* The Postmaster-General may authorize the sale
of one or more of these maps to individuals at the
cost thereof; the proceeds to be applied as a further
appropriation towards the preparation and publica-
tion of post -route maps (including the miscellaneous
expenses of the Topographer's office). It is impliedly
understood that sales can only be made from surplus
copies, after the immediate wants of the Department
are supplied; postmasters and others in the service
being furnished with these maps only in ca*es deemed
needful by the Department. For tariff of prices and
other infurination, application should be made to the
Topographer of the Post-Office Department.

260

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

attached the Division of Free Delivery,
having in charge the preparation of cases
for the inauguration of the system in
cities, the appointment of letter-carriers,
and the regulation of allowances for inci-
dental expenses, as well as the general
supervision of the free-delivery system
throughout the United States ; and also
the Blank Agency, to which is assigned
the duty of supplying the post-offices
entitled thereto with blanks, wrapping-
paper, and twine, letter-balances, and
cancelling-stamps, and the Department
with stationery.

THE OFFICE OF THE SECOND ASSISTANT POST-
MASTER-GENERAL.

To this office is assigned the business
of arranging the mail service of the
United States, and placing the same un-
der contract, embracing all correspond-
ence and proceedings respecting the fre-
quency of trips, mode of conveyance,
and times of departures and arrivals on
all the routes; the course of the mails
between the different sections of the
country, the points of mail distribution,
and the regulations for the government
of the domestic mail service of the United
States. It prepares the advertisements
for mail proposals, receives the bids, and
has charge of the annual and miscella-
neous mail lettings, and the adjustment
and execution of the contracts. All ap-
plications for mail service or change of
mail arrangements, and for mail messen-
gers, should be sent to this office. All
claims should be submitted to it for
transportation service. From this office
all postmasters at the end of routes re-
ceive the statement of mail arrangements
prescribed for the respective routes. It
reports weekly to the Auditor all con-
tracts executed, and all orders affecting
the accounts for mail transportation ;
prepares the statistical exhibits of the
mail service, and the reports to Congress
of the mail lettings, giving a statement
of each bid ; also, of the contracts made,
the new service originated, the curtail-
ments ordered, and the additional allow-
ances granted within the year. The
rates of pay for the transportation of the
mails on railroad routes, according to the
amount and character of the service, are
adjusted by this office. It also directs
the weighing of the mails on the same,
and authorizes new service on railroad
routes. The issuing of mail-locks and
keys, mail-pouches and sacks, and the
supervision of the construction of mail-

bag-catchers, is also in charge of this
office. To it is attached the Division of
Inspection, to which is assigned the duty
of receiving and inspecting the month,ly
registers of arrivals and departures, re-
porting the performance of mail service ;
also special reports of failures or delin-
quencies on the part of mail contractors or
their agents, and of noting such failures
or delinquencies, and preparing cases of
fines or deductions by reason thereof;
of conducting the correspondence grow-
ing out of reports of fai lures or delin-
quencies in the transportation of the
mails; of reporting to tire Auditor of
the Treasury for the Post-Office Depart-
ment, at the close of each quarter, by
certificate of inspection, the fact of per-
formance or non-performance of contract
or recognized mail service, noting therein
such fine or deduction as may have been
ordered ; of authorizing the payment of all
employes of the Railway Mail Service ;
also the payment of such acting employes
as may be employed by this office through
the Superintendent of Railway Mail Ser-
vice in cases of emergency, and of autho-
rizing the Auditor to credit postmasters
with sums paid by them for such tempo-
rary service ; and such other duties as
may be necessary to secure a faithful
performance of the mail service. All
complaints against mail contractors or
their agents, relating to failures or other
irregularities in the transportation of the
mails, whether made by postmasters or
others, should be promptly forwarded to
the Second Assistant Postmaster-General,
marked " Division of Inspection."

THE OFFICE OF THE THIRD ASSISTANT POST-
MASTER-GENERAL.

This office is charged with the duty of
issuing drafts and warrants in payment
of balances reported by the Auditor to
be due to mail contractors or other per-
sons ; the superintendence of the collec-
tion of revenue at depository, draft, and
depositing post-offices, and the accounts
between the Department and Treasurer
and Assistant Treasurers and specially
designated depositories of the United
States. It receives all accounts, monthly
or quarterly, of the depository or draft
post-offices, and certificates of deposit
from depositing post-offices. This office
is also charged with the duty of preparing
instructions for the guidance of post-
masters respecting registered matter, and
all correspondence connected with the
Registry System of the United States.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

261

To it is attached the Division of Postage-
Stamps, and Stamped Envelopes, and
Postal Cards, having charge of the is-
suing of postage-stamps, stamped envel-
opes, newspaper-wrappers, and postal
cards, and the supplying of postmasters
with envelopes for their official use, and
registered-package envelopes and seals;
the Division of Dead Letter (so desig-
nated in the law, but more properly called
The Return Letter Office), having as-
signed to it the examination and return
to the writers of undelivered mail-matter,
and all correspondence relating thereto.
The agencies having tire supervision of
the manufacture of postage-stamps,
stamped envelopes, and postal cards, are
also under the direction of this office.

OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MONEY-
ORDEB SYSTEM.

The general supervision and control of
the postal money-order system throughout
the United States, and the superintend-
ence of the international money-order
correspondence with foreign countries is
exercised by this office.

OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF .THE
FOREIGN MAILS.

To this office are assigned all foreign
postal arrangements, and correspondence
connected with the foreign mail service,
and the supervision of the ocean mail-
steamship service.

OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE.

To this office are intrusted the distribu-
tion and despatch of mails on all railroads
and inland steamboat mail lines, the
management of the postal-car service,
and the general direction of the mail
service on railroads and inland steam-
boats after that service has been con-
tracted for or recognized under the law
by the Postmaster-General, and the gen-
eral direction of the distribution and
despatch of mails from all post-offices.

OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT ATTORNEY-GENERAL
FOR THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

To this office are referred, when deemed
advisable by the Postmaster-General and
the heads of the several offices of the
Department, questions concerning the
construction of the laws and regulations
which may arise in the administration of
the business of the Department.

FORCE OF POSTMASTER-GENERAL'S
OFFICE.

Per Annum.
Chief clerk to the Postmaster-General.... $2200

Appointment clerk 1800

1 stenographer 1800

1 law clerk 2250

3 clerks, each 1200

1 assistant messenger 720

1 topographer 2500

Temporary employes, $14,000.

FORCE OF THE OFFICE OF FIRST AS-
SISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL.

Per Annum.
Chief clerk $2000

3 clerks, each 1800

12 u " 1600

7 " " 1400

12 " " 1200

4 " " 1000

3 assistant messengers, each 720

1 superintendent blank agency 1800

1 assistant superintendent blank agency. 1600

4 assistants to superintendent blank
agency, each 1200

2 assistants to superintendent blank
agency, each 900

1 assistant messenger 720

2 laborers, each 660

1 superintendent free delivery 2100

1 clerk '. 1000

FORCE OF THE OFFICE OF SECOND AS-
SISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $2000

Chief of division of inspection 2000

Superintendent of railway adjustment... 2000

8 clerks, each 1800

28 " " 1600

14 " " 1400

13 " " 1200

5 " " 1000

2 assistant messengers, each 720

FORCE OF THE OFFICE OF THIRD AS-
SISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL.

Per Annum.

Chief clerk $2000

Chief of division of dead letters 2250

Chief of division of postage-stamps 2250

6 clerks, each 1800

16 " " 1600

25 " " 1400

H4 " " 1200

6 " " 1000

57 female clerks, each 900

3 assistant messengers, each 720

7 laborers, each 660

4 female laborers, each 480

Superintendent of foreign mails $3000

Chief clerk 2000

1 clerk 1800

3 clerks, each 1600

1 clerk 1400

2 clerks, each : 1000

1 assistant messenger 720

262

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Per Annum.

Superintendent money-order system $3000

Chief clerk 2000

4 clerks, each 1800

7 1600

5 1400

9 1200

1 clerk 1000

5 clerks, each 900

1 assistant messenger 720

3 laborers, each 660

Chief of division of mail depredations. ..$2250

1 clerk 1600

1 1400

3 clerks, each 1200

1 clerk 1000

Disbursing clerk and superintendent of

building $2100

clerk (accountant) 1400

" (storekeeper) 1

engineer 1400

assistant engineer 1000

fireman and blacksmith 900

1 " " steam-fitter 900

1 fireman 720

1 carpenter 1200

1 assistant carpenter 1000

1 captain of watch 1000

16 watchmen, each 720

26 laborers, each 660

KATES OF POSTAGE ON DOMESTIC
MAIL-MATTER.

FIRST-CLASS MATTER.

Matter which is in writing, or other
matter containing a written inscription
in the nature of personal correspondence,
and matter which is sealed against in-
spection, are alone by their nature and
the intent of the law first-class matter,
and subject to the postage rate of three
cents for each half ounce or fraction
thereof.

On local or drop letters, at offices where
free delivery by carriers is established,
two cents for each half ounce or fraction
thereof.

On local or drop letters, at offices where
free delivery by carriers is not established,
one cent for each half ounce or fraction
thereof.

SECOND-CLASS MATTER.

Mailable matter of the second class
embraces all newspapers and other peri-
odical publications which are issued at
stated intervals, and as frequently as four
times a year. It must bear a date of
issue, and be numbered consecutively.

It must be issued from a known office
of publication.

It must be formed of printed paper

sheets, without board, cloth, leather, or
other substantial binding.

It must be originated and published
'or the dissemination of information of a
public character, or devoted to literature,
;he sciences, arts, or some special indus-
;ry, and having a legitimate list of sub-
scribers, and not designed primarily for
advertising purposes, or for free circu-
ation, or for circulation at nominal
rates.

Publications of the second class, except
as provided in the next paragraph, when
sent by the publisher thereof, and from
he office of publication, including sample
;opies, or when sent from a news agency
to actual subscribers thereto, or to other
neAvs agents, shall be entitled to trans-
mission through the mails at two cents a
pound or fraction thereof, such postage to
be prepaid, as now provided by law.

Publications of the second class, one
copy to each actual subscriber residing
in the county where the same are printed,
in whole or in part, and published, shall
go free through the mails ; but the same
shall not be delivered at letter-carrier
offices, or distributed by carriers, unless
postage is paid thereon at the rate pre-
scribed in the preceding paragraph: Pro-
vided, that the rate of postage on news-
papers (excepting weeklies) and period-
icals not exceeding two ounces in weight,
when the same are deposited in a letter-
carrier office for delivery by its carriers,
shall be uniform at one cent each ; peri-
odicals weighing more than two ounces
shall be subject, when delivered by such
carriers, to a postage of two cents each,
and these rates shall be prepaid by
stamps affixed.

Periodical publications, on their receipt
at the office of mailing, shall be weighed
in bulk, and postage paid thereon by a
special adhesive stamp, which shall be
affixed to such matter, or to the sack con-
taining the same or upon a memorandum
of such mailing.

Mailable matter of the second class,
deposited in a letter-carrier post-office for
local delivery, shall be delivered through
boxes, or the general delivery, on pre-
payment of postage at the rate of two
cents per pound ; but when delivered by
carriers the following rates must be pre-
paid by postage-stamps affixed:

On newspapers (except weeklies), one
cent each, without regard to weight.

On periodicals not exceeding two
ounces in weight, one cent each.

On periodicals exceeding two ounces
in weight, two cents each.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

263

The rate on weekly newspapers of the
second class, deposited by the publisher
in a letter-carrier post-office for local de-
livery, is two cents per pound, whether
the same are delivered by carriers, or
through boxes, or the general delivery.

Mailable matter of the second class
shall contain no writing, print, mark, or
sign thereon or therein, in addition to
the original print, except the name and
address of the person to whom the mat-
ter shall be sent, and index figures of
subscription book, either written or
printed, the printed title of the publica-
tion, the printed name and address of the
publisher or sender of the same, and
written or printed words or figures, or
both, indicating the date on which the
subscription to such matter will end.

THIRD-CLASS MATTER.

Mail-matter of the third class embraces
books (printed and blank), transient
newspapers and periodicals, circulars, and
other matter wholly in print, proof-sheets
and corrected proof-sheets, and manu-
script copy accompanying the same,
prices current, with prices filled out in
writing, printed commercial papers filled
out in writing (provided such writing is
not in the nature of personal correspond-
ence), such as papers of legal procedure,
deeds of all kinds, way-bills, bills of
lading, invoices, insurance policies, and
the various documents of insurance com-
panies, hand-bills, posters, chromo-litho-
graphs, engravings, envelopes with print-
ing thereon, heliotypes, lithographs, pho-
tographic and stereoscopic views with
title written thereon, printed blanks,
printed cards \ and postage shall be paid
thereon at the rate of one cent for each
two ounces or fractional part thereof.

Upon matter of the third class, or upon
the wrapper enclosing the same, the
sender may write his own name or ad-
dress thereon, with the word " from 1 '
above and preceding the same, and in
either case may make simple marks in-
tended to designate a word or passage of
the text to which it is desired to call
attention. There may be placed upon
the cover or blank leaves of any book,
or of any printed matter of the third
class, a simple manuscript dedication or
inscription that does not partake of the
nature of a personal correspondence.

All packages of matter of the third
class must be so wrapped, with open sides
or ends, that their contents may be read-
ily examined by postmasters.

Third-class matter may be registered.

The limit of weight of packages is four
pounds, except in cases of single volumes
of books in excess of said weight, and
books and documents published or circu-
lated by order of Congress, or official
matter emanating from any of the De-
partments of the Government, or from the
Smithsonian Institution.

FOURTH-CLASS MATTER.

Mailable matter of the fourth class em-
braces blank cards, card-board, and other
flexible material, flexible patterns, letter
envelopes and letter-paper, without print-
ing thereon, merchandise, models, orna-
mented paper, sample cards, samples of
ores, metals, minerals, seeds, cuttings,
bulbs, roots, scions, drawings, plans,
designs, original paintings in oil or
water-colors, and any other matter not
included in the first, second, or third
classes, and which is not in its form or
nature liable to destroy, deface, or other-
wise damage the contents of the mail-bag,
or harm the person of any one engaged
in the postal service. Postage rate
thereon, one cent for each ounce or frac-
tional part thereof.

Other articles of the fourth class which j
unless properly secured, might destroy,
deface, or otherwise damage the contents
of the mail-bag, or harm the person of
any one engaged in the postal service,
may be transmitted in the mails when
they conform to the following conditions :
1st. They must be placed in a bag, box,
or removable envelope made of paper,
cloth, or parchment. 2d. Such bag, box,
or envelope must again be placed in a
box or tube made of metal or some hard
wood, with sliding, clasp, or screw lid.
3d. In case of articles liable to break, the
inside box, bag, or envelope must be sur-
rounded by sawdust, cotton, or spongy
substance. 4th. In case of sharp-pointed
instruments, the points must be capped
or encased, so that they may not by any
means be liable to cut through their en-
closure ; and where they have blades,
such blades must be bound with wire, so
that they shall remain firmly attached to
each other. 5th. The whole must be
capable of easy inspection. Seeds, or
other articles not prohibited, which are
liable from their form or nature to loss
or damage, unless specially protected,
may be put up in sealed envelopes, pro-
vided such envelopes are made of material
sufficiently transparent to show the con-
tents clearly, without opening.

264

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Upon any package of matter of the
fourth class the sender may write or print
his own name and address, preceded by
the word " from," and there may also be
written or printed the number and names
of the articles enclosed ; and the sender
thereof may write or print upon, or attach
to any such articles, by tag or label, a
mark, number, name, or letter,- for pur-
pose of identification.

The limit of weight of packages is four
pounds.

UNMAILABLE.

Liquids, poisons, explosive and inflam-
mable articles, fatty substances easily
liquefiable, live or dead animals (not
stuffed), insects, and reptiles, fruits or
vegetable matter, confectionery, pastes, or
confections, and substances exhaling a
bad odor ; and every letter upon the
envelope of which, or postal card upon
which, indecent, lewd, obscene, or las-
civious delineations, epithets, terms, or
language may be written or printed, and
all matter concerning lotteries, so-called
gift concerts, or other similar enterprises
offering prizes, or concerning schemes
devised and intended to defraud the pub-
lic, or for the purpose of obtaining money
under false pretenses.

POSTAGE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

The following table shows the rates of
postage chargeable on letters and news-
papers to the foreign countries and places
named in alphabetical order :

LETTERS.

Argentine Confederation

Aspinwall, direct mail

Australia, via San Francisco

" British mail, via Brindisi...

Austria

Belgium

Bermuda, from New York

Bolivia, British mail, via Aspin wall-
Brazil

Canada

Cape of Good Hope, British mail

Chili, British mail,t?ia Aspinwall

China, via San Francisco

Denmark

Ecuador, via Aspinwall and Panama-
France

Germany

Great Britain and Ireland

Holland

Italy

Cts.
6

*5
19

5
5
5

Cts.
5
5
5

*19
5
5
5

17
5

1
5

iO J

LETTERS.

A si

Cts

Ota.

Liberia, British mail, via Southampton.

Mexico, via New York or New Orleans,

Peru, British mail, via Aspinwall

Portugal :

Russia

Turkey, European and Asiatic
Venezuela, British mail, via St.

Thomas

*t!3

West Indies (British), via St. Thomas...

Jl3

" ' by direct steamer

* Prepayment is compulsory ; if matter is not fully
prepaid it will not be forwarded. In all cases where
the * is not used prepayment of letters is optional.

f Additional charge is made on delivery ; where
the f is not used no additional charge is made.

POST-OFFICE MONEY-ORDERS.
DOMESTIC.

The fees or charges for money-orders
are as follows :

On orders not exceeding $15 10 cents.

On orders over $15 and not exceeding

$30 15 "

On orders over $30 and not exceeding

$40 20 "

On orders over $40 and not exceeding

$50 25

When a larger sum than $50 is re-
quired, additional orders to make it up
must be obtained. But postmasters are
instructed to refuse to issue in one day,
to the same remitter and in favor of the
same payee, more than three money-orders
payable at the same post-office.

FOREIGN.

Money-orders to Great Britain and
Switzerland : Not exceeding 5, 15 cents ;
over $5 to $10, 25 cents ; over $10 to $20,
50 cents ; over $20 to $30, 75 cents ; over
$30 to $40, $1 ; over $40 to $50, $1.25.
Money-orders to Germany : Not exceed-
ing $10, 25 cents ; over $10 to $20, 50
cents; over $20 to $30, 75 cents; over
$30 to $40, 80 cents 5 over $40 to $50, $1.
Money-orders to Canada : Not exceeding
$10, 20 cents ; over $10 to $20, 40 cents ;
over $20 to $30, 60 cents ; over $30 to $40,
80 cents ; over $40 to $50, $1. No frac-
tion of cents to be introduced.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

The Attorney -General is the head of
this Department. To assist the Attorney-
General there is in the Department of
Justice an officer learned in the law,
called the Solicitor-General, who receives
a salary of $7000 a year. There are also
three Assistant Attorneys-General, with
salaries of 5000 a year each, and an
Assistant Attorney-General for the Post-
Office Department, with a salary of $4000 ;
a Solicitor of Internal Revenue, at $4500 ;
and an Examiner of Claims for the De-
partment of State, at $3500 a year.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL AND OFFICERS
OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

DUTIES.

The Attorney-General gives his advice
and opinion upon questions of law, when
required by the President, and also when
required by the head of any Executive
Department as to questions of law arising
in his Department.

The Attorney-General and the Solici-
tor-General conduct and argue suits and
writs of error and appeals in the Supreme
Court, and suits in the Court of Claims,
in which the United States Government
is interested, and also in any of the United
States courts, when deemed necessary.

It is the duty of the officers of the De-
partment of Justice, under the direction
of the Attorney-General, to give all opin-
ions and render all services requiring the
skill of persons learned in the law neces-
sary to enable the President and heads of
Departments, and the heads of Bureaus,
and other officers in the Departments, to
discharge their respective duties ; and to
procure, on behalf of the United States,
the proper evidence for, and conduct,
prosecute, or defend all suits and pro-
ceedings in the Supreme Court and in the
Court of Claims, in which the United
States, or any officer thereof, as such offi-
cer, is a party, or may be interested ; and

no fees shall be allowed or paid to any
other attorney or counsellor-at-law for any
such service required of said officers, ex-
cept whenever the Attorney-General is
of opinion the public interest requires it,
he may employ and retain, in the name
of the United States, such attorneys and
counsellors-at-law as he may think neces-
sary to assist the District Attorneys in
the discharge of their duties, and shall
stipulate with such assistant attorneys
and counsel the amount of compensation,
and shall have supervision of their con-
duct and proceedings.

Whenever the head of a Department or
Bureau gives the Attorney-General due
notice that the interests of the United
States require the service of counsel upon
the examination of witnesses touching
any claim, or upon the legal investiga-
tion of any claim, pending in such De-
partment or Bureau, the Attorney-Gen-
eral must provide for such service.

It is the duty of the Attorney-General
to examine the title to land purchased by
the United States upon which to erect
armories, arsenals, forts, navy-yards, cus-
tom-houses, post-offices, and all public
buildings, and no money can be paid for
land until he gives a written opinion in
favor of the validity of its title.

The Attorney-General exercises general
superintendence of United States at-
torneys, marshals, clerks, and other offi-
cers of the United States courts, also over
their accounts.

It is the duty of the Attorney-General
to sign all requisitions for the advance or
payment of moneys appropriated for the
Department of Justice, out of the Treas-
ury, subject to the same control as is ex-
ercised on like estimates or accounts by
the First Auditor or First Comptroller of
the Treasury.

When proceedings at law for money
due the Post-Office Department are fruit-
less, the Department of Justice may di-
rect the institution of a suit in chancery,

265

266

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

in any United States District or Circuit
Court, to set aside fraudulent conveyances
or trusts, or attach debts due the defend-
ant, or obtain any other proper exercise
of the powers of equity to have satisfac-
tion of any judgment against such de-
fendant.

It is the duty of the Attorney-General
to cause, from time to time, to be edited,
and printed at the Government Printing
Office, an edition of 1000 copies of such
of the opinions of the law officers, author-
ized by law to be given, as he may deem
valuable for preservation in volumes.

He must make to Congress, at the com-
mencement of each regular session, a re-
port of the business of his Department for
the last preceding fiscal year, and of any
other matters pertaining thereto that he
may deem proper, including a statement
of the several appropriations which are
placed under its control, the amount ap-
propriated, and a detailed statement of
the amounts used for defraying the ex-
penses of the United States courts in each
judicial district ; also the statistics of
crime under the laws of the United States,
and a statement of the number of causes,
civil and criminal, pending during the
preceding year in each of the several
courts of the United States.

The Attorney-General must make an
annual report to Congress of the names
of all persons employed or retained as
attorneys or counsellors-at-law, to assist
any district attorneys in the performance
of their duties, stating where and upon
what business each was employed, and
the compensation paid to each.

The Department of Justice is charged
with the distribution to the various
judges and courts of the statutes, re-
ports, and other judicial documents pro-
vided by law ; and to keep a register of
the statutes of the United States, and re-
ports of the Supreme Court, showing the
quantity of each kind received by it from
the Secretary of the Interior.

In all suits brought against the United
States in the Court of Claims, founded
upon any contract, agreement, or trans-
action with any Department or Bureau,
officer, or agent of a Department or Bu-
reau, when the matter or thing on which
the claim is based has been passed upon

and decided by any Department, Bureau,
or officer authorized to adjust it, the At-
torney-General shall transmit to such
Department, Bureau, or officer a printed
copy of the petition filed by the claimant,
with a request to be furnished with all
the facts, circumstances, and evidence
touching the claim in their possession,
which must be so furnished without delay.

It is his duty to prescribe such regula-
tions for the government of the marshals
and the warden of the jail in the District
of Columbia, in relation to their duties
under the statutes, as will enable him to
determine the actual and reasonable ex-
penses incurred.

The Attorney-General is authorized to
designate a suitable jail or penitentiary
in which to confine convicts convicted in
any court of the United States, and whose
punishment is imprisonment in a District
or Territory where there is no peniten-
tiary or jail suitable for the confinement
of prisoners. He is directed to contract
with the proper authorities having control
of such prisoners for the imprisonment,
subsistence, and proper employment of
them, and to give the court having juris-
diction notice of the jail or penitentiary
where such prisoners will be confined.

He is also authorized to designate the
houses of refuge in which juvenile of-
fenders against the laws of the United
States, being under the age of sixteen
years, convicted of crime, are to be con-
fined, and to contract with the managers
having control of such houses of refuge
for the subsistence, imprisonment, and
proper employment of such juvenile
offenders.

FORCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE.

Per Annum

Chief clerk $2200

Law clerk and examiner of titles 2700

1 stenographer 1800

1 disbursing clerk 2000

1 pardon clerk 2000

1 law clerk 2000

3 clerks, each 1800

1 clerk 1400

2 clerks, each 1200

1 telegraph operator 1000

5 copyists, each 900

2 assistant messengers, each 720

2 laborers, each 660

2 watchmen, each 720

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

267

OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY.

The Solicitor has charge of the books,
papers, and records formerly appertaining
to the office of Agent of the Treasury, or
to the superintendence of the collection
of outstanding direct taxes and inter-
nal duties, transferred to him by the act
of Congress of May 29, 1830, and of the
seal adopted for the office.

It is his duty, under direction of the
Secretary of the Treasury, to take cog-
nizance of all frauds or attempted frauds
upon the revenue, and to exercise a gen-
eral supervision over the measures for
their prevention and detection, and for
the prosecution of persons charged with
the commission thereof.

Whenever the Solicitor of the Treasury
receives information from a collector of
duties that such collector has delivered
any bond for duties to a district attorney
for suit, the Solicitor must make entry
thereof, charging the attorney therewith
until the amount has been paid to the
United States, or he has obtained judg-
ment thereon.

He must make constant and strict ex-
aminations and comparisons of the re-
ports made by collectors of bonds for
duties delivered by them to district at-
torneys for suit, and of the returns made
by district attorneys of such bonds re-
ceived by them.

The Solicitor shall establish such regu-
lations not inconsistent with law, with
the approbation of the Secretary of the
Treasury, for observance of collectors of
customs, and with the approbation of
the Attorney-General, for the observance
of district attorneys and marshals re-
specting suits in which the United States
are parties, as may be deemed necessary
for the just responsibility of- those offi-
cers, and the prompt collection of all
revenues and debts due and accruing to
the United States; except to suits for
taxes, forfeitures, or penalties arising
under the internal revenue laws.

He must report all moneys recovered or
collected under his direction to the offi-
cer from whom the bond or other evidence
of debt was received, who will give proper
credit therefor ; and report in like man-
ner all credits allowed by due course of
law on any suits under his direction.

He has power to instruct the district

attorneys, marshals, and clerks of the
Circuit and District Courts in all matters
and proceedings appertaining to suits in
which the United States is a party or in-
terested, except suits for taxes, penalties,
or forfeitures under the internal revenue
laws, and to cause them to report to him
from time to time any information he
may require in relation to the same.

The Solicitor receives returns of every
marshal of proceedings had upon all writs
of execution, or other process which have
been placed in his hands for the collec-
tion of moneys adjudged and decreed to
the United States in the Circuit and Dis-
trict Courts.

He receives from every clerk of a Cir-
cuit or District Court a list of all judg-
ments and decrees, to which the United
States are parties, which have been en-
tered in said courts, respectively, during
each term, showing the amount adjudged
or decreed.

Copies of any documents, records,
books, or papers in the office of the So-
licitor of the Treasury, certified by him
under the seal of his office, or when his
office is vacant, by the officer acting as
Solicitor for the time, shall be evidence
equally with the originals.

It is the duty of the Solicitor, within
sixty days after the accounting officers of
the Treasury have reported, at the re-
quest of the party, to him the balance
due to the United States by any officer
whose compensation is withheld, to order
suit to be commenced against such delin-
quent and his sureties.

Whenever any seizure is made for the
purpose of enforcing any forfeiture, the
collector or other person causing such
seizure to be made shall immediately
give information thereof to the Solicitor
of the Treasury.

It is the duty of the Solicitor, when
any collector of internal revenue fails
either to collect or to render his account,
or to pay over in the manner or within
the times provided by law, after the same
has been reported to him by the First
Comptroller of the Treasury, to issue a
warrant of distress against such delin-
quent collector, directed to the marshal
of the district, expressing therein the
amount with which the said collector is

268

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

chargeable, and the sums, if any, which
have been paid over by him, as far as the
same are ascertainable ; and the marshal
shall immediately proceed to levy and
collect the sum which remains due, and
five per centum thereon, and all expenses
and charges of collection, by distress and
sale of the goods and chattels or any
personal effects of the delinquent col-
lector ; and for want of personal property
the real estate, or so much thereof as will
be sufficient to satisfy the warrant, shall
be sold at public auction.

It requires the recommendation of the
Solicitor of the Treasury before the Sec-
retary of the Treasury can compromise a
claim in favor of the United States, upon
a report and recommendation in favor of
a compromise of a district or special at-
torney having charge of the claim.

The Solicitor has power to appoint an
agent to bid in behalf of the United
States, at every sale, on execution, at the
suit of the United States, of lands or
tenements of a debtor.

Whenever any collector of revenue, re-

the Solicitor is directed in the same
manner to proceed against such disburs-
ing officer.

The Solicitor of the Treasury is author-
ized, with the approval of the Secretary
of the Treasury, to rent, for a period not
exceeding three years, or to sell, at public
sale, any unproductive lands, or other
property of the United States acquired
under judicial process or otherwise in the
collection of debts, after advertising the
time, place, and conditions of such sale
for three months preceding the same in
some newspaper published in the vicinity
thereof, in such manner and upon such
terms as may, in his judgment, be most
advantageous to the public interest.

He has charge of all lands and other
property which have been or may be
assigned, set off, or conveyed to the
United States in payment of debts ; and
of all trusts created for the use of the
United States in payment of debts due
them ; and of the sale and disposal of
lands assigned or set off to the United
States in payment of debts or vested in

ceiver of public money, or other officer them by mortgage or other security for

in debts

who has received the public money before I the payment of debts, except i

it is paid into the Treasury of the United arising under the internal revenue laws.

States, fails to render his account, or pay

over the same in the manner or within
the time required by law, it shall be the
duty of the First Comptroller of the
Treasury (or the Commissioner of Cus-
toms, as the case may be) to cause to be
stated the account of such officer, exhibit-
ing truly the amount due to the United
States, and to certify the same to the So-
licitor, who shall issue a warrant of dis-
tress against the delinquent officer and
his sureties, directed to the marshal of
the district in which such officer and his
sureties reside.

In case of the failure of a disbursing
officer to account according to law or
regulations for the moneys in his hands,

If any debt is afterward paid in lawful
money, the Solicitor may release by deed
or otherwise convey the same real estate
to the debtor, or if deceased, to his heirs
or devisees.

FORCE IN THE OFFICE OF THE SOLICI-
TOR OF THE TREASURY.

Per Annum.

Solicitor $4500

Assistant Solicitor 3000

Chief clerk 2000

4 clerks, each 1800

3 " " 1600

2 " " 1400

2 " " 1200

1 assistant messenger 720

1 laborer.... , 660

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUKE.

This Department is under the charge
of the Commissioner of Agriculture.

The general design and duties, of this
Department are to acquire and diffuse
among the people of the United States
useful information on subjects connected
with agriculture, and to procure, propa-
gate, and distribute among the people
new and valuable seeds and plants.

The Commissioner of Agriculture is
not a member of the President's Cabinet,
although at the head of a Department.

It is the duty of the Commissioner of
Agriculture to procure and preserve all
information concerning agriculture which
he can obtain by means of books, cor-
respondence, and by practical and scien-
tific experiments, accurate records of
which experiments shall be kept in his
office, and by the collection of statistics,
and any other appropriate means within
his power ; to collect new and valuable
seeds and plants, which he shall test by
cultivation, and propagate such as may
be worthy of propagation, and shall dis-
tribute them among agriculturists.

The purchase and distribution of seeds
shall be confined to such seeds as are
rare and uncommon to the country, or
such as can be made more profitable by
frequent changes from one part of our
own country to another; and the pur-
chase, propagation, and distribution of
trees, plants," shrubs, vines, and cuttings
shall be confined to such as are adapted
to general cultivation, and to promote
the general interests of horticulture and
agriculture throughout the United States.

He has charge of the investigation of

the diseases of swine, and infectious and
contagious diseases to which all other
classes of domesticated animals are sub-
ject; for which purpose the sum of
$10,000 was appropriated by the act of
June 16, 1880.

Also, of the investigation into the hab-
its of the cotton-worm and other insects
injurious to the cotton-plant and to agri-
culture, with a view of preventing their
injuries, for which purpose the sum of
$5000 was appropriated by the same act
of Congress.

The following subordinate officers and
employes are provided for the Depart-
ment of Agriculture :

Per Annum.

Commissioner of Agriculture $3500

Chief clerk 2000

1 entomologist 2000

1 chemist 2000

1 assistant chemist 1600

1 " 1200

1 superintendent of experimental gar-
den, etc 2000

1 statistician 2000

disbursing clerk 1800

superintendent of seed-room 1800

librarian 1400

botanist 1800

microscopist 1800

engineer 1200

3 clerks, each 1800

4 " " 1600

5 " 1400

6 " 1200

5 " " 1000

1 superintendent of folding-room 1200

1 lady superintendent of flower-seed room 900

Temporary clerks, copyists, laborers, watch-
men, carpenters, attendants in museum, and
laborers, $10,000.

269

THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT.

The Supreme Court consists of a Chief
Justice and eight Associate Justices.

The Chief Justice receives $10,500 a
year, and the Associate Justices $10,000
a year each.

A Clerk and a Marshal are appointed
by the Court.

The Clerk receives fees for the per-
formance of the duties of his office ; and,
unlike other court clerks, there is no
maximum fixed of the amount of fees
to be retained by him.

The Marshal receives $3000 a year.

A Reporter is appointed, whose salary
is $2500 a year, and $1500 additional
when he shall publish a second volume
of the Supreme Court decisions.

The Supreme Court must hold one
regular term a year, commencing on the
second Monday in October, and such
special terms as may be necessary.

JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME
COURT.

Exclusive jurisdiction of all contro-
versies of a civil nature where a State is
a party, except between a State and its
citizens, or between a State and citizens
of other States, or aliens, in which latter
cases it shall have original but not exclu-
sive jurisdiction.

Exclusively of suits or proceedings
against ambassadors, or other public
ministers, or their domestic servants ;
and original but not exclusive jurisdic-
tion of all suits brought by ambassadors
or other public ministers, or in which a
consul or vice-consul is a party.

It has pow.}r to issue writs of prohibi-
tion in the District Courts when pro-
ceeding as courts of admiralty and mari-
time jurisdiction, and writs of mandamus
in cases warranted by the principles and
usages of law, to any United States
courts, or to persons holding office under
270

the United States, where a State or an
ambassador or other public minister or
consul or vice-consul is a party.

Appeals from the Circuit and District
Courts.

UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURTS.

The judicial districts of the United
States are divided into nine circuits, as
follows :

The first circuit includes th'e districts of
Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hamp-
shire, and Maine.

The second. Vermont, Connecticut, and
New York.

The third, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
and Delaware.

The fourth, Maryland, Virginia, West
Virginia, North Carolina, and South
Carolina.

The fifth, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.

The sixth, Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky,
and Tennessee.

The seventh, Indiana, Illinois, and
Wisconsin.

The eighth, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa,
Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas.

The ninth, California, Oregon, and
Nevada.

ALLOTMENTS.

The Chief Justice and Associate Jus-
tices of the Supreme Court are allotted
among the circuits by an order of the
Court.

For each circuit a circuit judge is ap-
pointed, with a salary of $6000 a year.

Circuit courts are held by the circuit
justice or by the circuit judge of the
circuit, or by the district judge sitting
alone or by any two of the said judges
sitting together.

The Chief Justice and each Justice of
the Supreme Court must attend at- least
one term of the Circuit Court in each

THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

271

district of the circuit to which he is
allotted during every two years.

A clerk is appointed for each Circuit
Court by the circuit judge.

JURISDICTION OF CIRCUIT COURTS.

First, Of all suits of a civil nature
where the matter in dispute exceeds the
sum of $500, and an alien is a party, or
between citizens of different States.

Second. Of all suits in equity, of
$500, and the United States are peti-
tioners.

Third. Of all suits at common law by
United States officers.

Fourth. Suits under import, internal
revenue, and postal laws.

Fifth. Suits for the enforcement of
penalties as to laws regulating the car-
riage of passengers in merchant vessels.

Sixth. Suits and proceedings for con-
demnation of property used for insurrec-
tionary purposes.

Seventh. Suits arising under laws re-
lating to the slave-trade.

Eighth. Suits on debenture, customs
duties.

Ninth. Suits under the patent or copy-
right laws.

Tenth. Suits by or against National
banks.

Eleventh. Suits to enjoin the Comp-
troller of the Currency.

Twelfth. Suits for injuries on account
of acts done under laws of the United
States for protection or collection of the
revenues, or to enforce the rights of citi-
zens of the United States to vote in the
several States.

Thirteenth. Suits to recover offices
where the question arises out of the right
to vote on account of race, color, or pre-
vious condition of servitude.

Fourteenth. Suits for removal of officers
holding contrary to the fourteenth amend-
ment.

Fifteenth. Suits for penalties under laws
to enforce the elective franchise.

Sixteenth. Suits to redress deprivation
of rights secured by the Constitution and
laws.

Seventeenth. Suits on account of in-
juries by conspirators in certain cases.

Eighteenth. Suits against any person
having knowledge of a conspiracy and
neglects or refuses to prevent the same.

Nineteenth. Suits against officers and
owners of vessels.

Twentieth. Of all crimes and offences
cognizable under authority of the United
States, except where otherwise provided

by law, and concurrent jurisdiction with
the District Courts of crimes and offences
cognizable therein.

CONCURRENT JURISDICTION.

By an act to determine the jurisdiction
of Circuit Courts of the United States, and
for other purposes, approved March 3,
1875, it was provided :

That the Circuit Courts of the United
States shall have original cognizance, con-
current with the courts of the several
States, of all suits of a civil nature at com-
mon law or in equity, where the matter in
dispute exceeds, exclusive of costs, the sum
or value of $500, and arising under the
Constitution or laws of the United States,
or treaties made or which shall be made,
under their authority, or in which he
United States are plaintiffs or petitioners,
or in which there shall be a controversy
between citizens of different States, or a
controversy between citizens of the same
State, claiming lands under grants of dif-
ferent States, or a controversy between
citizens of a State and foreign states,
citizens, or subjects, and shall have ex-
clusive cognizance of all crimes and
offences cognizable under the authority
of the United States, except as otherwise
provided by law. and concurrent juris-
diction with the District Courts of the
crimes and offences cognizable therein.
But no person shall be arrested in one
district for trial in another in any civil
action before a Circuit or District Court.
And no civil suit shall be brought before
either of said courts against any person
by any original process or proceeding in
any other district than that whereof he
is an inhabitant, or in which he shall be
found at the time of serving such process,
or commencing such proceeding, except
as provided ; nor shall any Circuit or
District Court have cognizance of any
suit founded on contract in favor of an
assignee, unless a suit might have been
prosecuted in such court to recover
thereon if no assignment had been made,
except in causes of promissory notes nego-
tiable by the law merchant and bills of
exchange. And the Circuit Courts shall
also have appellate jurisdiction from the
District Courts under the regulations and
restrictions prescribed by law.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS.

The United States are divided into
judicial districts.
The States of California, Connecticut,

272

THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Ken-
tucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Mas-
sachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont,
West Virginia, and Colorado each consti-
tute one judicial district.

The State of Alabama is divided into
three districts : the southern, middle, and
northern.

The State of Arkansas into two: the
eastern and western.

The State of Florida into two : the
northern and southern.

The State of Georgia into two: the
northern and southern.

The State of Illinois into two : the
northern and southern.

The State of Iowa constitutes one dis-
trict, divided into four divisions.

The State of Michigan is divided into
two : the eastern and western.

The State of Mississippi into two : the
northern and southern.

The State of Missouri into two : the
eastern and western.

The State of New York into three:
the northern, eastern, and southern.

The State of North Carolina into two :
the eastern and western.

The State of Ohio into two : the north-
ern and southern.

The State of Pennsylvania into two:
the eastern and western.

The State of Tennessee into three : the
eastern, western, and middle.

The State of Texas into three : the
eastern, western, and northern.

The State of Virginia into two : the
eastern and western.

The State of Wisconsin into two : the
eastern and western.

A district judge is appointed for each
district, except in the States of Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and
Tennessee one only is appointed, who is
district judge for each district in the
State for which he is appointed.

District judges receive the following
yearly salaries :

The judge of the district of California... $5000
" " Louisiana.... 4500

The judges of the district of Massachu-
setts; of the northern, southern, and
eastern districts of New York; the
eastern and western districts of Penn-
sylvania; the district of New Jersey;
of Maryland ; the southern district
of Ohio; and the northern district of
Illinois, each 4000

The judges of all other districts, each.... 3500

RESIGNATIONS.

When a judge of any court of the
United States resigns his office, after
having held his commission as such at
least ten years, and having attained the
age of seventy years, he shall, during the
residue of his natural life, receive the
same salary which was by law payable to
him at the time of his resignation.

CLERKS.

A clerk is appointed for each District
Court by the judge thereof, and in the
eastern district of Arkansas two are ap-
pointed : one to keep his office at Little
Rock, and one at Helena.

In Kentucky, a clerk is appointed for
each place of holding the court. One or
more deputies to any clerk may be ap-
pointed, for whose acts the clerk is re-
sponsible.

Clerks receive $3500 a year each, made
up of fees.

JURISDICTION.

The District Courts have jurisdiction
as follows :

First. Of all crimes and oifences cog-
nizable under the authority of the United
States, committed within their respective
districts, or upon the high seas, the pun-
ishment of which is not capital.

Second. Of all cases arising under any
act for the punishment of piracy, when
no circuit court is held in the district.

Third. Of all suits for penalties and
forfeitures incurred under any law of the
United States.

Fourth. Of all suits brought at com-
mon law by the United States.

Fifth. Of all suits in equity to enforce
the lien of the Ignited States upon any
real estate for any internal revenue tax. "

Sixth. Of all suits for the recovery of
any forfeiture or damages for frauds
against the United States.

Seventh. Of all causes of action arising
under the postal laws.

Eighth. Of all causes of admiralty and
maritime jurisdiction ; and of all seizures
on land and on waters not within admi-
ralty jurisdiction, and of all prizes.

Ninth. Of all proceedings for the con-
demnation of property taken as prize,
except property used for insurrectionary
purposes.

Tenth. Of all suits by the assignee of
any debenture for drawback of duties.

Eleventh. Of all suits on account of
injuries by conspirators in certain cases.

THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

273

Twelfth. Of all suits to redress depri-
vation of rights secured by the Consti-
tution and laws.

Thirteenth. Of all suits to recover
offices, except of electors of President
and Vice-President, Representatives, or
Delegate in Congress, or member of a
State legislature.

Fourteenth. Of all suits for the removal
from office of any person, except a mem-
ber of Congress, or of a State legislature,
contrary to the fourteenth amendment of
the Constitution.

Fifteenth. Of all suits by or against
National banks.

Sixteenth. Of all suits brought by any
alien for a tort only in violation of the
rights of nations, or of a treaty of the
United States.

Seventeenth. Of all suits against con-
suls.

Eighteenth. Of all matters and proceed-
ings in bankruptcy.

COURT OF CLAIMS.

The Court of Claims consists of a
Chief Justice and four Judges, who re-
ceive $4500 a year each.

A chief clerk, at $3000 a year ; an
assistant clerk, at $2000 a year ; a bail-
iff, at $1500, and a messenger, at $840 a
year, are provided.

JURISDICTION.

In general the Court of Claims has
jurisdiction of all claims founded upon
any law of Congress, or upon any regu-
lation of an Executive Department, or
upon any contract, expressed or implied,
with the Government of the United
States, and all claims which may be re-
ferred to it by either House of Congress.

SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT
OF COLUMBIA.

This Court consists of a Chief Justice
and four Associate Justices.

The Chief Justice receives annually
$4500.

The Associate Justices receive annu-
ally, each $4000.

JURISDICTION.

This Court possesses the same powers
and exercises the same jurisdiction as the
Circuit Courts of the United States.

Any one of the justices may hold a
special term, with the same powers and

jurisdiction possessed and exercised by
District Courts of the United States.

Any one of the justices may hold a
criminal court for the trial of all crimes
and offences arising within the District.

This Court has jurisdiction of actions,
suits, etc., in equity and law arising
under the copyright and patent laws;
also of bankruptcy cases, and of divorces.

Original process is confined to inhabi-
tants of the District of Columbia, or to
persons found within it.

It has power to proceed in all common
law and chancery causes.

It shall not hold original plea of any
debt or damage in cases within the juris-
diction given to justices of the peace
under $50.

APPELLATE JURISDICTION.

Appeals from the police court shall be
tried on information filed in the court
below.

It shall hear the allegations and proofs
of both parties, and determine the matter
at the same term.

Cases of appeal from the decision of a
justice of the peace.

Sitting in bane, shall have jurisdiction
of all appeals from the decision of the
Commissioner of Patents.

Writs and processes may be tested in
the name of any justice of the Court.

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS AND MAR-
SHALS.

There is appointed in each district
(except in the middle district of Ala-
bama, the northern district of Georgia,
and the western district of South Caro-
lina) a person learned in the law to act
as Attorney for the United States. For
the districts excepted the District Attor-
neys for the other districts of the same
States perform the duties.

DUTIES OF ATTORNEYS.

It is the duty of every District Attor-
ney to prosecute in his district all delin-
quents for crimes and offences cognizable
under the authority of the United States,
and all civil actions in which the United
States are concerned.

The compensation of District Attor-
neys is made up from fees, regular rates
being prescribed by statutes, and it shall
not exceed $6000 a year, with some ex-
ceptions, wherein an allowance is made
for extra services.

274 THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

DUTIES OF MARSHALS.

A Marshal is appointed in each district
except in the district where no District
Attorney is provided for, and for said
district the Marshals of adjoining dis-
tricts perform the duties.

Marshals may appoint deputies.

It is the duty of every Marshal to
attend the District and Circuit Courts,
and to execute throughout the district all
lawful precepts directed to him, issued
under the authority of the United States.

The maximum compensation of each
Marshal is $6000 a year, made up also
from fees.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
IN THE TERRITORIES.

EXECUTIVE POWER.

The executive power of each Territory
is vested in a Governor, who holds office
for four years. He must reside in the
Territory for which appointed, and is
cominander-in-chief of the militia thereof.
He may grant pardons and reprieves, and
remit fines and forfeitures for offences
against the laws of the Territory, and
respites for offences against the laws of
the United States, until the decision of
the President can be made known
thereon. He shall commission all officers
who are appointed under the laws of such
Territory, and take care that the laws
thereof are faithfully executed.

There is also appointed a Secretary for
each Territory, who holds office four
years, and who must reside in the Terri-
tory for which he is appointed. In case
of the death, removal, resignation, or
absence of the Governor from the Terri-
tory, the Secretary shall execute all the
powers and perform all the duties of
Governor during such vacancy or absence,
or until another Governor is appointed
and qualified.

It is the duty of the Secretary to record
and preserve all laws and proceedings of
the Legislative Assembly, and all acts and
proceedings of the Governor in the Ex-
ecutive Department ; and to prepare the
acts passed by the Assembly for publi-
cation.

LEGISLATIVE POWER.

The legislative power in each Terri-
tory is vested in the Governor and a Legis-
lative Assembly. The Legislative As-
sembly consists of a Council and House
of Representatives. The members must
have the qualifications of voters. The
Council of each must not exceed 12

members, and the House of Representa-
tives 24 members.

The members are chosen for the term
of two years, and the sessions of the As-
semblies are biennial, and limited to forty
days.

All laws passed by the Legislative As-
sembly and Governor of any Territory
(except Dakota, Idaho, Montana, and
Wyoming) must be submitted to Con-
gress, and, if disapproved, are null and
void.

The legislative power of every Terri-
tory extends to all rightful subjects of
legislation not inconsistent with the Con-
stitution and laws of the United States.
No law can be passed interfering with
the primary disposal of the soil ; no tax
imposed upon the property of the United
States ; and the lands and other property
of non-residents must not be taxed higher
than the lands, etc., of residents.

The members recejve a compensation
of $4 per diem, each, during the session
of forty days, and mileage, which is S3
for every 20 miles of travel in going to
and returning from the sessions, in New
Mexico, Utah, AVashington, Dakota, Ari-
zona, and Wyoming; and $4 in Idaho
and Montana 5 the President of the Coun-
cil and the Speaker of the House receive
6 a day each.

The following subordinate officers are
provided for each branch of every Terri-
torial Legislative Assembly :

One chief clerk, per day, $6 ; 1 en-
rolling clerk, 1 engrossing clerk, and
1 sergeant-at-arms at $5 per day, each ;
1 doorkeeper, at $5 per day 5 1 messen-
ger and 1 watchman, at $4 per day each ;
and 1 chaplain, at $1.50 per day daring
the sessions.

Every Territory has the right to send
a Delegate to the House of Representa-
tives of the United States.

275

276 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN THE TERRITORIES.

JUDICIAL POWER.

The judicial power, in all the Terri-
tories except Arizona, is vested in a
Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate
Courts, and in justices of the peace; in
Arizona, in a Supreme Court, and in such
inferior courts as the Legislative Council
may by law prescribe.

The Supreme Court consists of one
chief justice and two associate justices,
any two of whom constitute a quorum,
who hold office for four years, and until
their successors are appointed and quali-
fied. In Dakota three associate justices
are provided for. They must hold a term
annually at the seat of government of the
Territory for which they are respectively
appointed.

Every Territory is divided into three
judicial districts; and a District Court is
held in each district by one of the justices
of the Supreme Court, at such time and
place as is prescribed by law, and each
judge, after assignment, must reside in
the district to which he is assigned.

Each Supreme Court appoints its own
clerk, whose compensation is made up
from fees ; and each judge of the Supreme
Court appoints a clerk of the District
Court over which he presides.

There is appointed in each Territory a
person learned in the law to act as attor-
ney for the United States, who holds
office for four years, and until his succes-
sor is appointed and qualified.

There is also a marshal for each Terri-
tory, appointed for the same term. He
executes all processes issuing from the
Territorial courts, when exercising their
jurisdiction as Circuit and District Courts
of the United States.

The compensation of the attorney of
the United States for each Territory is
not to exceed $6000 a year; $250 of
which is salary, and the remainder is
made from fees of office, except the one
for Utah, which must not exceed $3500 a
year.

The compensation of each marshal is
the same as that of each attorney, Utah
not excepted.

UNITED STATES OFFICERS IN EACH
TERRITORY.

ARIZONA.

Per Annum.
Governor, chief justice, and two associate

judges, each $2600

Secretary 1800

Interpreter and translator 500

DAKOTA.

Per Annum.
Governor, chief justice, and three asso-
ciate judges, each $2600

Secretary 1800

IDAHO.

Governor, chief justice, and two associate

judges, each 2600

Secretary 1800

MONTANA.

Governor, chief justice, and two associate

judges, each 2600

Secretary 1800

NEW MEXICO.

Governor, chief justice, and two associate

judges, each 2600

Secretary 1800

Interpreter and translator in executive

office 500

UTAH.

Governor, chief justice, and two associate

judges, each 2600

Secretary 1800

WASHINGTON.

Governor, chief justice, and two associate

judges, each 2600

Secretary 1800

WYOMING.

Governor, chief justice, and two associate

judges, each 26Uu

Secretary 1800

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

The District of Columbia is governed
by a commission of three persons, ap-
pointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, one
of whom must be an officer of the
Engineer Corps of the army above the
rank of captain, and the other two are
appointed from civil life. The compen-
sation of the latter, who hold office for a
term of three years, is $5000 per annum
each, and the military member receives
his pay and allowances as an officer of
the army, and no more.

Each of the Commissioners must, be-
fore entering on the discharge of his
duties, take an oath to support the Con-
stitution of the United States, and to
faithfully discharge the duties imposed
upon him by law ; and each of the Com-
missioners appointed from civil life must

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN THE TERRITORIES. 277

give bond in the penal sum of $50,000, to
be approved by the Secretary of the
Treasury.

The President may detail from the
Engineer Corps of the army not more
than two officers of subordinate rank to
the Engineer Commissioner, to act as
assistants to him, and to have control and
charge, subject to the general supervision
of the Commissioners, of the work of re-
pair and improvement of all streets,
avenues, alleys, sewers, roads, and bridges
in the District of Columbia.

The Commissioners exercise such
powers only as are conferred upon them
specifically by act of Congress.

It is the duty of the Commissioners to
submit annually to the Secretary of the
Treasury, for his examination and ap-
proval, a statement, showing in detail the
works proposed to be undertaken by
them during the fiscal year next ensuing,
and the estimated cost thereof; the cost
of constructing, repairing, and maintain-
ing all bridges across the Potomac River ,
the cost of maintaining all public institu-
tions of charity, reformatories, and
prisons belonging to or controlled in
whole or in part by the District of Colum-
bia; the expenses of the Washington
Aqueduct and its appurtenances ; and
an itemized statement and estimate of
the amount necessary to defray the ex-
penses of the government of the District
of Columbia for each fiscal year.

The Secretary of the Treasury must
consider the estimates, and approve, dis-
approve, or suggest such changes in the
same as he may think the public interest
demands. He must then make a certified
statement of the amount approved by
him, which, together with the original
estimates, he must deliver to the Com-
missioners, who must then transmit them
to Congress. To the extent to which
Congress shall approve said estimates
Congress shall appropriate the amount of
fifty per centum thereof, the remaining
fifty per centum to be raised by taxation
of private property. The rate of taxation
is $1.50 on every 100, according to cash
valuation.

There are nineteen trustees of public
schools, who are appointed by the Com-
missioners, and they serve without com-
pensation.

A physician is appointed by the
Commissioners to the Health Officer, at a
compensation of $3000 a year, whose
duty it is, under the direction of the
Commissioners, to execute all laws and
regulations relating to the public health
and vital statistics. They may also ap-
point, on the recommendation of the
Health Officer, not exceeding six Sanitary
Inspectors, at a compensation of $1200 a
year each, two of whom must be physi-
cians, and one a person skilled in matters
of drainage and ventilation.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

SMITHSONIAN BEQUEST. WILL OF
JAMES SMITHSON.

I, James Smithson, son of Hugh, first
Duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth,
heiress of the Hungerfords of Audley,
and niece of Charles the Proud, Duke
of Somerset, now residing in Bentinck
Street, Cavendish Square, do this 23d day
of October, 1826, make this my last will
and testament.

I bequeath the whole of my property
of every nature and kind soever to my
bankers, Messrs. Drummonds, of Charing
Cross, in trust, to be disposed of in the
following manner, and desire of my said
executors to put my property under the
management of the Court of Chancery.
To John Fitall, formerly my servant, but
now employed in the London Docks, and
residing at No. 27 Jubilee Place, North
Mile End, Old Town, in consideration of
his attachment and fidelity to me, and the
long and great care he has taken of my
effects, and my having done but very
little for him, I give and bequeath the
annuity or annual sum of 100 sterling
for his life, to be paid to him quarterly,
free from legacy, duty, and all other de-
ductions, the first payment to be made to
him at the expiration of three months
after my death. I have at divers times
lent sums of money to Henry Honore
Juilly, formerly my servant, but now
keeping the Hungerford Hotel, in the
Rue Caumartin at Paris, and for which
sums of money I have undated bills or
bonds signed by him. Now, I will and
direct that if he desires it, these sums of
money be let remain in' his hands at an
interest of five per cent, for five years
after the date of the present will.

To Henry James Hungerford, my
nephew, heretofore called Henry James
Dickinson, son of my late brother, Lieut.-
Col. Henry Louis Dickinson, now re-
siding with Mr. Auboin, at Bourg la
Heine, near Paris, I give and bequeath
for his life the whole of the income

278

arising from my property of every nature
and kind whatever, after the payment of
the above annuity, and after the death
of John Fitall that annuity likewise, the
payments to be at the time the interest
or dividends become due on the stocks
or other property from which the income
arises. Should the said Henry James
Hungerford have a child or children,
legitimate or illegitimate, I leave to such
child or children, his or their heirs, ex-
ecutors, and assigns, after the death of
his, her, or their father, the whole of my
property of every kind absolutely and
forever, to be divided between them, if
there is more than one, in the manner
their father shall judge proper, and in
case of his omitting to decide this, as the
Lord Chancellor shall judge proper.

Should my nephew Henry James
Hungerford marry, I empower him to
make a jointure.

In case of the death of my said nephew
without leaving a child or children, or
of the death of a child or children he
may have had under the age of twenty-
one years or intestate, I then bequeath
the whole of my property, subject to the
annuity of 100 to John Fital, and for
the security and payment of which I
mean stock to remain in this country,
to the United States of America, to found
at Washington, under the name of the
Smithsonian Institution, an establish-
ment for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge among men.

I think it proper here to state, that all
the money which will be standing in the
French five per cents, at my death in the
names of the father of my above-men-
tioned nephew, Henry James Hunger-
ford, and all that in my name, is the prop-
erty of my said nephew, being what he
inherited from his father, or what I have
laid up for him from the savings upon
his income.

JAMES SMITHSON. [L.S.]

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

279

PROGRAMME OF ORGANIZATION OF
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. ,

(Presented to the Board of Regents De-
cember 8, 1847.)

BY PROP. JOSEPH HENRY.

Will of Smithson. The property is
bequeathed to the United States of
America, to found at Washington, under
the name of the Smithsonian Institution,
an establishment for the increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men.

The bequest is for the benefit of man-
kind. The Government of the United
States is merely a trustee to carry out
the design of the testator.

The Institution is not a national estab-
lishment, as is frequently supposed, but
the establishment of an individual, and
is to bear and perpetuate his name.

The objects of the Institution are, 1st,
to increase, and, 2d, to diffuse knowledge
among men.

These two objects should not be con-
founded with one another. The first is
to increase the existing stock of knowl-
edge by the addition of new truths, and
the second to disseminate knowledge,
thus increased, among men.

The will makes no restrictions in favor
of any particular kind of knowledge,
hence all branches are entitled to a share
of attention.

Knowledge can be increased by differ-
ent methods of facilitating and promoting
the discovery of new truths, and can be
most efficiently diffused among men by
means of the press.

To effect the greatest amount of good,
the organization should be such as to
enable the Institution to produce results
in the way of increasing and diffusing
knowledge, which cannot be produced by
the existing institutions in our country.

The organization should also be such
as can be adopted provisionally, can be
easily reduced to practice, receive modi-
fications, or be abandoned, in whole or in
part, without a sacrifice of the funds.

[n order to make up for the loss of
time occasioned by the delay of eight
years in establishing the Institution, a
considerable portion of the interest which
has accrued should be added to the prin-
cipal.

In proportion to the wide fields of
knowledge to be cultivated the funds are
small. Economy should therefore be con-
sulted in the construction of the building
and not only should the first cost of the
edifice be considered, but also the con-

tinual expense of keeping it in repair,
and of the support of the establishment
necessarily connected with it. There
should also be but few individuals per-
manently supported by the Institution.

The plan and dimensions of the build-
ing should be determined by the plan of
organization, and not the converse.

It should be recollected that mankind
in general are to be benefited by the be-
quest, and that, therefore, all unnecessary
expenditure on local objects would be a
perversion of the trust.

Besides the foregoing considerations,
deducted immediately from the will of
Smithson, regard must be had to certain
requirements of the act of Congress es-
tablishing the Institution. These are a
library, a museum, and a gallery of art,
with a building on a liberal scale to con-
tain them.

PLAN OF ORGANIZATION, IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE SMITHSON WILL.

To increase knowledge, it is proposed :

To stimulate men of talent to make

original researches, by offering suitable

rewards for memoirs containing new

truths 5 and

To appropriate annually a portion of
the income for particular researches,
under the direction of suitable persons.
To diffuse knowledge, it is proposed :
To publish a series of periodical re-
ports on the progress of the different
branches of knowledge ; and

To publish occasionally separate trea-
tises on subjects of general interest.

DETAILS OF THE PLAN TO INCREASE KNOWL-
EDGE.

By stimulating researches.

Rewards, consisting of money, medals,
etc., offered for original memoirs on all
branches of knowledge.

The memoirs thus obtained to be pub-
lished in a series of volumes, in a quarto
form, and entitled Smithsonian Contri-
butions to Knowledge.

No memoir on subjects of physical
science to be accepted for publication
which does not furnish a positive addition
to human knowledge resting on original
research, and all unverified'speculations
to be rejected.

Each memoir presented to the Institu-
tion to be submitted for examination to a
commission of persons of reputation for
learning in the branch to which the me-
moir pertains, and to be accepted for

280

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

publication only in case the report of
this commission is favorable.

The commission to be chosen by the
officers of the Institution, and the name
of the author, as far as practicable, con-
cealed, unless a favorable decision be
made.

The volumes of the memoirs to be
exchanged for the transactions of literary
and scientific societies, and copies to be
given to all the colleges and principal
libraries in this country. One part of
the remaining copies may be offered for
sale, and the other carefully preserved,
to form complete sets of the volumes, to
supply the demand from new institu-
tions.

An abstract, or popular account of the
contents of these memoirs, to be given to
the public through the annual report of
the llegents to Congress.

By appropriating a portion of the in-
come annually to special objects of re-
search, under the directions of suitable
persons.

The objects and the amounts to be ap-
propriated to be recommended by Coun-
sellors of the Institution.

Appropriations in different years to
different objects, so that in course of time
each branch of knowledge may receive a
share.

The results obtained from these appro-
priations to be published, with the
memoirs before mentioned, in the vol-
umes of the Smithsonian Contributions
to Knowledge.

EXAMPLES OF OBJECTS FOR WHICH APPRO-
PRIATIONS MAT BE MADE.

System of extended meteorological ob-
servations, for solving the problem of
American storms.

Explorations in descriptive natural
history, and geological, magnetical, and
topographical surveys; to collect ma-
terials for the formation of a physical
atlas of the United States.

Solution of experimental problems,
such as a new determination of the
weight of the earth ; of the velocity of
electricity and of light ; chemical an-
alyses of soils and plants , collection and
publication of articles of science accumu-
lated in the offices of Government.

Institution of statistical inquiries, with
reference to physical, moral, and political
subjects.

Historical researches, and accurate
surveys of places celebrated in American
history.

Ethnological researches, particularly

with reference to the different races of
men in North America ; also explorations
and accurate surveys of the mounds and
other remains of the ancient people of our
country.

DETAILS OF THE PLAN FOR DIFFUSING
KNOWLEDGE.

By the publication of a series of re-
ports, giving an account of the new dis-
coveries in science, and of the changes
made from year to year in all branches
of knowledge not strictly professional.

These reports will diffuse a kind of
knowledge generally interesting, but
which, at present, is inaccessible to the
public. Some of the reports may be pub-
lished annually, others at longer inter-
vals, as the income of the Institution or
the changes in the branches of knowledge
may indicate.

The reports are to be prepared by col-
laborators eminent in the different
branches of knowledge.

Each collaborator to be furnished with
the journals and publications, domestic
and foreign, necessary to the compilation
of his report ; to be paid a certain sum
for his labors, and to be named on the
title-page of the report.

The reports to be published in separate
parts, so that persons interested in a par-
ticular branch can procure the parts re-
lating to it without purchasing the whole.

These reports may be presented to
Congress for partial distribution, the re-
maining copies to be given to literary
and scientific institutions, and sold to in-
dividuals for a moderate price.

The following are some of the subjects
which may be embraced in the report:

Physics, including astronomy, natural
philosophy, chemistry, and meteorology.

Natural history, including botany, zoo-
logy, geology, etc.

Agriculture.

Application of science to arts.

Ethnology, including particular his-
tory, comparative philology, antiquities,
etc.

Statistics and political economy.

Mental and moral philosophy.

A survey of the political events of the
world ; penal reform, etc.

Modern literature.

The fine arts, and their application to
the useful arts.

Bibliography.

Obituary notices of distinguished indi-
viduals.

By the publication of separate treatises
on subjects of general interest.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

281

These treatises may occasionally con-
sist of valuable memoirs, translated from
foreign languages, or of articles prepared
under the directions of the Institution, or
procured by offering premiums for the
best exposition of a given subject.

The treatises should in all cases be
submitted to a commission of competent
judges previous to their publication.

As examples of these treatises, ex-
positions may be obtained of the present
state of the several branches of knowledge
mentioned in the table of reports. Also
of the following subjects, suggested by
the committee on the organization, viz. :
the statistics of labor, the productive arts
of life, public. instructions, etc.

THE PLAN OP ORGANIZATION, IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE TERMS OP THE RESOLUTION OF THE
BOARD OP REGENTS, PROVIDING FOR THE
Two MODKS OF INCREASING AND DIFFUSING
KNOWLEDGE.

The act of Congress establishing the
Institution contemplated the formation
of a library and a museum ; and the
Board of Regents including these objects
in the plan of organization, resolved to
divide the income into two equal parts.

One part to be appropriated to increase
and diffuse knowledge by means of pub-
lications and researches, agreeable to the
scheme before given. The other part to
be appropriated to the formation of a
library and a collection of objects of na-
ture and of art.

These two plans are not incompatible
with one another.

To carry out the plan before described,
a library will be required, consisting,
1st. Of a complete collection of the trans-
actions and proceedings of all the learned
societies in the world. 2d. Of the more
important current periodical publications,
and other works necessary in preparing
the periodical reports.

The Institution should make special
collections, particularly of objects to verify
its own publications.

Also a collection of instruments of re-
search in all branches of experimental
science.

With reference to the collection of
books, other than those mentioned above,
catalogues of all the different libraries in
the United States should be procured, in
order that the valuable books first pur-
chased may be such as are not to be
found in the United States.

Also catalogues of memoirs, and of
books in foreign libraries, and other ma-
terials, should be collected for rendering

the Institution a centre of bibliograph-
ical knowledge, whence the student may
be directed to any work which he may
require.

It is believed that the collections in
natural history will increase by donation
as rapidly as the income of the Institu-
tion can make provision for their recep-
tion, and therefore it will seldom be
necessary to purchase any articles of the
kind.

Attempts should be made to procure
for the gallery of art casts of the most
celebrated articles of ancient and modern
sculpture.

The arts may be encouraged by pro-
viding a room, free of expense, for the
exhibition of the objects of the Art
Union and other similar societies.

A small appropriation should annually
be made for models of antiquities, such
as those of the remains of ancient tem-
ples, etc.

The duty of the Secretary will be the
general superintendence, with the advice
of the Chancellor and other members of
the establishment, of the literary and
scientific operations of the Institution ;
to give to the Regents, annually, an ac-
count of all of the transactions ; of the
memoirs which have been received for
publication ; of the researches which
have been made ; and to edit, with the
assistance of the Librarian, the publica-
tions of the Institution.

The duty of the Assistant Secretary,
acting as Librarian, will be to assist in
taking charge of the collections, to select
and purchase, under the direction of the
Secretary, and a committee of the Board,
books and catalogues, and to procure the
information before mentioned; to give
information on plans of libraries, and to
assist the Secretary in editing the publi-
cations of the Institution, and in the other
duties of his office.

The Secretary and his assistants, dur-
ing the session of Congress, will be re-
quired to illustrate new discoveries in
science, and to exhibit new objects of art ;
also distinguished individuals should be
invited to give lectures on subjects of
general interest.

OFFICERS OF THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION.

Presiding Officer (ex qffido]. The
President of the United States.

Chancellor. The Chief Justice of the
United States.

Fourteen Regents, consisting of the

282

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

Chief Justice of the United States, the
Vice-President of the United States, three
members each of the United States Sen-
ate and House of Representatives, and
six distinguished citizens.

Members ex officio of the Institution :

The President of the United States.

The Vice-President of the United States.

The Chief Justice of the United States.

The Secretary of State, Secretary of the
Treasury, Secretary of War, Secretary of
the Navy, Secretary of the Interior, Post-
master-General, Attorney-General, and
Commissioner of Patents.

ACTIVE OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES.

Per Annum.

Secretary and Director of the Institu-
tion $4500

Chief clerk 2500

Corresponding clerk 1800

1 clerk 1200

1 1000

2 clerks, each 900

1 clerk 780

1 750

2 clerks, each 600

1 clerk 552

2 clerks, each 540

1 laborer 480

COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES

The Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries
was authorized by act of Congress of
February 9, 1871. The Commissioner is
appointed by the President, with the
advice and consent of the Senate, from
among the civil officers or employes of
the Government, and must be a person
of proved scientific and practical ac-
quaintance with the fishes of the coast,
and who must serve without additional
salary.

It is the duty of the Commissioner to
prosecute investigations and inquiries
on the subject of fish, with the view
of ascertaining whether any and what

diminution in number of the food-fishes
of the coast and the lakes of the United
States has taken place ; and, if so, to
what causes the same is due ; and also
whether any and what protective, pro-
hibitory, or precautionary measures
should be adopted in the premises.

The Commissioner may take at all
times from the waters of the sea-coast of
the United States where the tide ebbs
and flows, and also from the waters of
the lakes, such fish or specimen thereof
as may in his judgment, from time to
time, be needful or proper for the con-
duct of his duties.

283

APPOINTMENTS.

HOW APPOINTMENTS TO ALL GOVEKNMENT OFFICES CIVIL,
MILITAKY, AND NAVAL AKE MADE, SHOWING BY WHAT
AUTHOKITY, IN WHAT MANNER, THE TESTS REQUIRED, AND
THEIR TERM OR TENURE OF OFFICE.

UNITED STATES SENATE.

ELECTED BY THE SENATE.

Secretary, chief clerk, executive clerk,
principal legislative clerk, chaplain, offi-
cial reporter, sergeant-at-arms and door-
keeper, and postmaster.

APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT OF
THE SENATE.

A private secretary and one messenger.

APPOINTED BY THE SECRETARY OF
THE SENATE.

Journal clerk, financial clerk, en-
rolling clerk, the other clerks employed
in the Secretary's office, librarian, assist-
ant librarian, keeper of stationery, as-
sistant keeper of stationery, messenger,
special policeman, page, and laborers.

APPOINTED BY THE SERGEANT-AT-
ARMS.

Assistant doorkeeper, acting assistant
doorkeepers, clerk to sergeant-at-arms,
assistant postmaster, assistants in post-
office, superintendent of document-room,
assistants in document-room, superin- 1
tendent of folding-room, assistant super-
intendent of folding-room, messengers,
telegraph operator, chief engineer, as-
sistant engineers, firemen, laborers,
pages, female attendant, and folders.

COMMITTEE CLERKS.

Clerks of Senate committees are ap-
pointed by the chairmen thereof, respec-
tively.

284

A messenger to Committee on Appro-
priations is appointed by the committeo

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

ELECTED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRE-
SENTATIVES.

Clerk of the House, sergeant-at-arms,
doorkeeper, postmaster, and chaplain.

APPOINTED BY THE SPEAKER.

Private secretary, two clerks, mes-
senger, official reporters and stenog-
raphers, and telegraph operator.

APPOINTED BY THE CLERK.

Chief clerk, journal clerk, file clerk,
disbursing clerk, assistant disbursing
clerk, reading clerks, and other clerks in
the service of the House, superintendent
of document room, House librarian and
assistants, and messengers.

APPOINTED BY THE SERGEANT-AT-
ARMS.

Cashier, paying teller, messenger,
laborer, and page.

APPOINTED BY THE DOORKEEPER.

Assistant doorkeeper, clerk to door-
keeper, file clerk to doorkeeper, clerks,
messengers, superintendent of folding-
room, chief clerk in folding- room, clerks
in folding-room, janitor, superintendent
of the document-room attached to fold-
ing-room, assistant superintendent of the

APPOINTMENTS.

285

document-room attached to folding-room,
folders, pages, laborers, and cloak-room
men.

APPOINTED BY THE POSTMASTER.

Assistant postmaster, messengers, and
laborer.

COMMITTEE CLERKS.

Clerks, assistant clerks, messengers,
etc., to committees of the House are ap-
pointed by the chairmen of the commit-
tees, respectively.

APPOINTED BY THE ARCHITECT OF
THE CAPITOL, SUBJECT TO AP-
PROVAL BY THE SPEAKER.

Electrician, chief engineer, assistant
engineers, firemen, and laborer.

All engineers and others engaged in
ventilating the House.

GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO CLERKS
IN THE SEVERAL DEPARTMENTS.

The clerks in the Executive Depart-
ments are arranged in six classes, dis-
tinguished as the $900 (per annum),
$1000, first ($1200), second ($1400), third
($1600), fourth ($1800) classes.

No clerk can be appointed in either of
the four classes i.e., first, second, third,
or fourth until he or she has been ex-
amined and found qualified by a board
of three examiners, to consist of the
chief of bureau, or office, into which such
clerk is to be appointed, and two other
clerks, to be selected by the head of the
Department.

The disbursing clerks authorized for
each Department must be appointed by
the heads of the Departments, respec-
tively, from the list of clerks of the fourth
class ($1800 per annum).

STATE DEPARTMENT.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

Ey and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for an Unlimited Term, or
during the Pleasure of the President.

The Secretary of State.
The Assistant Secretaries of State.
Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers
Plenipotentiary.
Ministers Resident.
Charges d' Affaires.
Secretaries of Legation.
Consuls-General.
Consuls.
Commercial Agents.

BY THE PRESIDENT ALONE.
Interpreters and consular clerks.

BY THE SECRETARY OP STATE.
Unlimited Term.

Chief clerk, chiefs of bureaus, trans-
lator, clerks of the several classes, mes-
sengers, watchmen, laborers, and other
employes of the Department.

Vice-consuls-general, vice-consuls, de-
puty consuls-general, vice-commercial
agents, deputy consuls, and deputy com-
mercial agents are appointed under reg-
ulations prescribed by the President in
the following manner : by the Secretary
of State, on the nomination of the prin-
cipal consular officer, approved by the
consul-general, or if there be no consul-
general, then by the minister.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING-OFFICE.

The Public Printer is appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, for an unlimited
term, and he must be a practical printer,
and versed in the art of book-binding.

The Public Printer appoints or em-
ploys all persons in this office.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for an Unlimited Term.

The Secretary of the Treasury.

The Assistant Secretaries.

Supervising Inspector-General of Steam
Vessels.

Supervising Surgeon-General of the
Marine Hospital Service.

First Comptroller

Second Comptroller.

Commissioner of Customs.

First Auditor. Second Auditor.

Third Auditor. Fourth Auditor.

Fifth Auditor. Sixth Auditor.

Treasurer. .Register.

Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

Deputy First Comptroller.

Deputy Second Comptroller.

Deputy Commissioner of Customs.

Deputy First Auditor.

Deputy Second Auditor.

Deputy Third Auditor.

Deputy Fourth Auditor.

Deputy Fifth Auditor.

Deputy Sixth Auditor.

Assistant Treasurer.

286

APPOINTMENTS.

Assistant Register.

Deputy Comptroller of the Currency.

Deputy Commissioner of Internal
Revenue.

Superintendent of the Life-saving Ser-
vice.

MINT OFFICERS.

CARSON, NEVADA.

Superintendent, assayer, coiner, melter
and refiner.

DENVER, COLORADO.
Assayer in charge, melter and refiner.

NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

Superintendent, assayer, coiner, melter
and refiner.

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Superintendent, assayer, coiner, en-
graver, melter and refiner.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

Superintendent, assayer, coiner, melter
and refiner.

ASSAY OFFICES.

Assayer, Boise City, Idaho.

Superintendent, New York, New York.

Assayer, New York, New'York.

Melter and refiner, New York, New
York.

Assayer and melter, Charlotte, North
Carolina.

Assayer in charge, Helena, Montana.

Melter, Helena, Montana.

Assistant collectors of customs.

Appraisers of customs.

Collectors of internal revenue.

Examiners of drugs.

Supervising inspectors of steam ves-
sels.

The members of the National Board
of Health, three of whom are officers
detailed from Departments.

REVENUE MARINE SERVICE.

Captains.
First lieutenants.
Second lieutenants.
Third lieutenants.
Chief engineers.

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE
INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE OF
APPLICANTS FOR POSITIONS IN THE
UNITED STATES REVENUE MARINE
SERVICE.

No person will be originally appointed
to a higher grade than Cadet, or second
assistant engineer ; nor until he shall
have passed a physical and professional
examination. The physical examination
shall precede the professional, and if a
candidate be condemned physically, he
will not be examined further.

A candidate for an appointment as
second assistant engineer must be not less
than twenty-one nor more than thirty
years of age ; he must be of good moral
character and correct habits ; he must
have worked not less than eighteen
months in a steam-engine manufactory,
or else have served not less than that
period as an engineer on board a steamer
provided with a condensing engine, and
must produce favor able testimonials from
the director or head engineer as to his
ability ; he must be able to describe and
sketch all the different parts of the ma-
rine steam-engine and boilers, and explain
their uses and mechanical operation, the
manner of putting them in operation,
regulating their action, and guarding
against danger.

He must be well acquainted with arith-
metic, rudimentary mechanics, write a
fair legible hand, and have some knowl-
edge of the chemistry of combustion and
corrosion.

Candidates who exhibit the highest de-
gree of practical experience and profes-
sional skill will be given the preference,
both in admission and promotion.

Any person producing a false certifi-
cate of age, time of service, or character,
or making a false statement to a board
of examination will be dropped imme-
diately.

CADETS.

1. No person will be appointed a Cadet
in the Revenue Marine Service who does
not furnish satisfactory evidence of good
moral character, and that he is of sober
and correct habits.

2. Candidates must be not less than
eighteen nor more than twenty-five years
of age, and no person will be appointed
whose age is not within these limits.

3. Candidates will be required to pass
a satisfactory examination as to their
physical qualifications, by a board of
medical officers, to be designated by the
Secretary of the Treasury. They must

APPOINTMENTS.

287

be of robust constitution, physically
sound and well formed, and not be less
than five feet in stature.

4. The candidates must pass a satis-
factory examination before a board of
officers, to be designated by the Secretary
of the Treasury, in reading, writing,
spelling, arithmetic, geography, and Eng-
lish grammar. All the examinations, ex-
cept in reading, will be written.

5. A standard for proficiency will be
fixed, and if candidates fall below such
standard, they will receive a second and
final examination in the subjects on
which they fail. Deficiency in any one
of the subjects on the second examina-
tion will be sufficient to cause the rejec-
tion of the candidate.

6. Candidates who pass the required
standard in both the physical and mental
examinations will be eligible for appoint-
ment, and will be placed upon a list in
the order of the proficiency exhibited by
them in their examinations respectively,
and from this list names will be selected
for appointment to all existing vacancies,

. and from time to time to fill such as may
occur before the convening of another
examining board.

It is to be observed, however, that the
passing of the required standard does
not guarantee a candidate's appointment,
as the list may not be exhausted before
the convening of a subsequent examining
board.

7. Upon receiving appointments, can-
didates will be required to take the pre-
scribed oath of office.

8. Cadets will be required to provide
themselves with the proper uniform, and
to wear the same on board the vessels to
which they may be assigned, and upon
all occasions of duty.

9. Cadets will be appointed for. a pro-
bationary period of two years, during
which time they will be required to pur-
sue such course of study as may here-
after be prescribed, and perform such
duties on board ship, or elsewhere in the
service, as may be required of them, and
at the end of two years they will be
examined for promotion to the grade of
third lieutenant.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.

In the physical examination any one
of the following defects will be sufficient
cause for rejection, viz. :

Decided cachexia, or predisposition.

Defects of either of the extremities or
articulations, causing permanent ineffi-
ciency.

Unnatural curvature of spine, or other
deformity.

Impaired vision, or chronic disease of
the visual organs.

Apoplexy, epilepsy, or tendency to con-
vulsions.

Chronic affection or disease of the ears,
chronic nasal catarrh, polypi, or serious
tonsillar enlargement.

Tubercular or strumous diathesis

Chronic ulcers.

Chronic cardiac affections.

Hernia, sarcocele, hydrocele, varic-
ocele, stricture, fistula, or hemorrhoids.

Large varicose veins of lower limbs.

Besides the above, any other physical
deformity or abnormal condition, of such
character as to incapacitate the candidate
for the performance of his duties, will be
cause for rejection.

A careful discretion will be exercised
in the consideration of the foregoing con-
ditions, and no candidate who is likely to
prove physically efficient will be rejected
on the physical examination.

The following is the general scope of
the examination required, to wit:

ARITHMETIC. Notation and Numera-
tion. Candidates will be required to ex-
plain the Roman and Arabic systems of
notation, and to write in words and ex-
press in figures any given number.

Compound Numbers. Addition, sub-
traction, multiplication, and division of
compound numbers, embracing denomi-
nations of money, weights, and measures
in common use ; the number of cubic
inches in a gallon; reduction of differ-
ences in longitude to their equivalents in
time, and vice versa.

Properties of Numbers. Including res-
olution into prime factors, finding greatest
common divisor and least common mul-
tiple, the divisibility of numbers, etc.

Fractions. Common and decimal frac-
tions, with methods of contracted multi-
plications and divisions of the latter, and
reasons for inverting divisor, cancellation
of common factors, etc., in processes in-
volving the former.

Ratio and Proportion, and Percentage,
Interest and Discount. Including ex-
planation of the nature of each, and the
solution of examples.

Mensuration and Evolution. Including
measurementof surfaces and volumes, and
extraction of square and cube roots.

Practical Questions. Under this head,
problems involving processes under the
various subjects treated of in arithmetic
will be given for solution, as a test of the
power of analysis of candidates. A

288

APPOINTMENTS.

thorough knowledge of arithmetic will be
insisted upon in all cases.

GRAMMAR. The examination in this
branch will embrace the whole of English
grammar, with every subject of which
candidates must be familiar ; nouns, their
classification, person, number, gender,
case, and, under these, the rules for the
formation of the plurals of proper names,
and of irregular nouns, the different uses
of the three cases, etc. ; articles, and their
uses; adjectives, and the rules for their
comparison, etc. ; numerals, and their
classification ; classification of pronouns,
peculiarities in the use of personal pro-
nouns ; the uses of compound personal
pronouns ; the double uses of relatives,
and the distinctions in their application ;
compound relative pronouns, interroga-
tives, adjective pronouns, and their classi-
fication ; verbs, their classification and
conjugation ; the distinctions between
transitive and intransitive; regular and
irregular verbs, and their principal parts ;
auxiliary verbs and their uses ; imper-
sonal verbs, voice, moods, tense, number,
and person, etc. ; participles, and their
uses ; adverbs, with rules for use, and
their classification ; conjunctive adverbs ;
prepositions, interjections, and conjunc-
tions; rules of construction ; correction
of false syntax.

Parsing, of which the following is a
sample :

Noun. Class, gender, person, number,
and case, and its relations. Article.
Definite or indefinite, and what it quali-
fies. Adjective. Class, comparison, noun
which it qualifies. Pronouns. Whether
personal, relative, interrogative, or ad-
jective ; gender, person, number, and
case ; if relative, its antecedent ; if ad-
jective, the noun it qualifies. Verb.
Class, form, principal parts, mood, tense,
person, number, subject. Adverb. Class,
comparison, relation. Preposition.
"Words related by it. Interjection. Kind
of emotion expressed. Conjunction.
Class, words or sentences connected.

READING. Exercise in reading aloud
will be required.

WRITING. Candidates will be required
to write a letter of not less than two pages,
as a test of penmanship and composition.

SPELLING. A written exercise in spell-
ing, of not less than thirty words, will be
required, and failure to pass the minimum
standard in spelling will be sufficient
cause of itself for rejection of the candi-
date.

GEOGRAPHY. The examination will
embrace questions on the grand divisions

of land and water ; the direction and posi-
tion of mountain chains, and locality of
principal peaks ; location and course of
rivers and their tributaries ; position of
seas, gulfs, bays, and lakes ; position and
boundaries of political divisions of land,
and location of their capital cities ; posi-
tion and direction of peninsulas and situ-
ation of capes ; straits, sounds, channels,
and canals ; position and political con-
nection of important islands ; locality of
cities of historical, political, or commer-
cial importance ; character and general
directions of coast lines.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for a term of Five Years.

Director of the Mint.
Comptroller of the Currency.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for a Term of Four Years.

Assistant Treasurers at Baltimore,
Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts ; Chi-
cago, Illinois ; Cincinnati, Ohio ; New
Orleans, Louisiana ; New York City,
New York ; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ;
St. Louis, Missouri ; San Francisco, Cal-
ifornia.

Collectors, surveyors, and naval officers
of customs.

BY THE PRESIDENT ALONE.

The Superintendent of the Coast and
Geodetic Survey.

BY THE SEC'Y OF THE TREASURY.

The chief clerk, disbursing clerks,
chiefs of divisions, chief of the Bureau
of Engraving and Printing, assistant
superintendent Life-Saving Service, as-
sistant chief of the Bureau of Engraving
and Printing, the supervising architect,
assistant supervising architect and chief
clerk, clerks of the several classes, fourth,
third, second, first, $1000, and $900.

Every application for a clerkship in
the Treasury Department should be made,
in the handwriting of the applicant, to
the Secretary of the Treasury. It must
be dated, and must state : (1) Applicant's
name in full ; (2) place and date of birth ;
(3) legal residence (including the town
or municipality as well as the State or
1 Territory), and how long it has been

APPOINTMENTS.

289

such ; (4) post-office address ; (5) educa-
tion ; (6) occupation, past and present;
(7) whether ever employed in the civil
service of the United States, and, if so,
when, how long, in what branch and
capacity, and reasons for leaving the ser-
vice; and (8) whether ever in the regular
or volunteer army or navy, and, if so,
when, and in what organization and
capacity.

Candidates for appointment will be
subjected to a written examination upon
the following subjects ;

(1) Penmanship; (2) writing and brief-
ing letters ; (3) elements of English gram-
mar, chiefly orthography and syntax ; (4)
arithmetic: fundamental rules, fractions,
percentage, interest, and discount ; (5)
elements of accounts and book-keeping ;
(6) history and geography ; general ques-
tions, principally such as relate to the
United States ; and (7) prominent features
of the Government of the United States.

Proficiency in penmanship, orthog-
raphy, and punctuation will be deter-
mined principally by a review of the
examination papers, and as far as possi-
ble the examination in all the branches
will be confined to practical exercises.

In examinations for appointments to
positions requiring special or technical
knowledge, such additions may be made
by the board of examiners to the list of
subjects as the nature of the case may
require.

Local inspectors of steamboat hulls.

Assistant inspectors of steamboat hulls.

Local inspectors of steamboat boilers.

Assistant inspectors of steamboat
boilers.

Clerks to local boards of inspectors of
hulls and boilers.

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

Gangers, storekeepers and gaugers,
storekeepers and inspectors of tobacco.

The management of these appoint-
ments is left to the Commissioner of In-
ternal Revenue, and the practice is that
nominations of the persons to be ap-
pointed are submitted by collectors of
internal revenue to the Commissioner,
who prepares the appointments for the
signature of the Secretary and counter-
signs them himself.

Deputy collectors and clerks of inter-
nal revenue are appointed by the col-
lectors, and they may revoke such ap-
pointments, giving due notice to the
Commissioner.

Special agents of internal revenue are

appointed by the Commissioner of In-
ternal Revenue.

CUSTOMS SERVICE.

BY THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY
(CONTINUED).

Special agents of customs.

Special inspectors on Isthmus of Pan-
ama.

Special agents at Seal Islands.

All the various subordinate officers in
the custom-houses not included in the
foregoing, such as deputy collectors, in-
spectors, weighers, gaugers, measurers,
examiners, clerks, samplers, watchmen,
messengers, openers and packers, and
others; deputy naval officers and deputy
surveyors, etc. The principal officers of
the customs, however, namely, collectors,
naval officers, surveyors, and appraisers,
are authorized by law to nominate the
persons to be employed by them (the
number and compensation of whom are
either fixed by law or by the Secretary) to
the Secretary of the Treasury, who may,
in his discretion, approve or disapprove
the nominations when made, and in case
of disapproval, direct the nominating
officer to name other suitable persons.
The same may be said of the subordinate
officers and clerks in the sub-treasuries.

Cadets in the Revenue Marine Service.

First and second assistant engineers in
the Revenue Marine Service.

UNITED STATES MINTS.

Subordinate officers, clerks, and em-
ployes of the various grades in the mints
are appointed by the superintendents, or
other principal officers in charge, with
the approval of the Director of the Mint
at Washington.

LIFE-SAVING SERVICE.

Superintendents and keepers of this
service are appointed by the Secretary
of the Treasury ; the former on the rec-
ommendation of the general superintend-
ent, and the latter on the nomination of
the superintendent, approved by the gen-
eral superintendent. Surfmen by the
keepers of stations.

LIGHT-HOUSE SERVICE.

Keepers of light-houses, beacons, and
stations, employes on board of tenders,
and those in the offices of inspectors and
engineers, by the Secretary, on the nomi-

290

APPOINTMENTS.

nation of the superintendent of lights
(collectors of customs), the inspectors and
engineers, approved and recommended. by
the Light-House Board at Washington.

NATIONAL BANK EXAMINERS

are appointed by the Comptroller of the
Currency, with the approval of the Sec-
retary of the Treasury ; term unlimited.

MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE.

Surgeons and assistant surgeons are
appointed by the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, after passing a successful examina-
tion, similar to that required in the army.
The clerks in the Surgeon-General's office
and the employe's in the hospitals are
appointed by the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, the former upon the recommendation
of the Surgeon-General, and the latter
upon the nomination of the surgeon in
charge, approved by the Surgeon-General.

UNITED STATES MARINE HOSPITAL
SERVICE.

Original appointments of medical offi-
cers in the United States Marine Hospital
Service will be made to the grade of
assistant surgeon only.

Medical officers in the Marine Hospital
Service will in no case be appointed to
any particular station, but to the general
service, being subject to change of station
as the exigencies of the service may re-
quire, and shall serve in any part of the
United States wherever assigned to duty
by the Secretary of the Treasury.

No person will be appointed an assist-
ant surgeon whose age is less than
twenty-one or more than thirty years,
and, as a preliminary to a recommenda-
tion for appointment, the applicant must
have graduated in medicine at some re-
spectable medical college, and must pass
a satisfactory physical and professional
examination before a board of surgeons
of the Marine Hospital Service, which
will be convened from time to time, for
that purpose, by the Secretary of the
Treasury.

The passing of an examination must
not be considered as giving assurance of
appointment, as the Department will
select those of the highest attainments
in case there should be more candidates
than vacancies.

No qualified candidate will be eligible
for appointment more than one year. If
not appointed within that time," he may,

if he desire, be re-examined, when, if
successful, he will take position with the
class last examined.

An applicant failing at one examination
may be allowed a second examination,
after one year, but not a third.

Assistant surgeons, after three years'
service, at least one year of which shall
have been at a United States Marine Hos-
pital, shall be entitled to an examination
for promotion to the grade of passed
assistant surgeon. The application for
this examination must be accompanied
with testimonials of correct deportment
and habits of industry from the surgeons
with whom they have served, and the
applicant must be familiar with the regu-
lations.

A vacancy in the grade of surgeon will
be filled by promotion from among the
passed assistant surgeons.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

There are no civilian officers of this
Department appointed by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, besides the Secretary.

APPOINTMENTS MADE BY THE SECRE-
TARY OF WAR FOR AN UNLIMITED
TERM, OR DURING HIS PLEASURE.

Agent for collection of Confederate
records.

Anatomist, Surgeon-General's office.

Chief clerk of Department.

Chief clerks of bureaus and divisions.

Clerks of the several grades in all the
bureaus.

Copyists.

Disbursing clerk.

Draughtsmen.

Engineers.

Firemen.

Laborers.

Messengers.

Superintendents of buildings.

Watchmen.

Superintendents of National cema-
teries.

MILITARY ACADEMY, WEST POINT,
NEW YORK.

The superintendent, the commandant
of cadets, and the professors are ap-
pointed by the President. The assistant
professors and the adjutant are army
officers detailed by the Secretary of War.

APPOINTMENTS.

291

APPOINTMENTS OF OFFICERS OF THE
UNITED STATES ARMY.

Appointments to fill vacancies in the
lowest grade of commissioned officers in
the army are made as follows :

One-fourth of the number from non-
commissioned officers in the army. The
remaining vacancies not filled by the
graduates from the Military Academy
are appointed from civil life. These ap-
pointments are all made by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, and they hold for life or dur-
ing good behavior.

Candidates for appointment must pass
a satisfactory examination before a board
of army officers.

PROMOTIONS.

General, from officers in the military
service ; lieutenant-general, from grade of
major-general ; major-general, from grade
of brigadier-general ; brigadier-general,
from grade of colonel.

All vacancies in regiments and corps to
the rank of colonel are filled by promo-
tion according to seniority, except in case
of disability or other incompetency.

Promotions to the rank of captain are
made regimentally, to major and lieu-
tenant-colonel, and colonel, according to
the arm of service ; and in the staff, en-
gineer, and ordnance, according to corps.

Promotions vice officers retired to be
by seniority.

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for a Term of Four Years.

Chiefs of seven bureaus of the Depart-
ment, viz. :

Yards and Docks.

Equipment and Recruiting.

Navigation.

Ordnance.

Construction and Repair.

Steam Engineering.

Provisions and Clothing.

Medicines and Surgery.

The five first named must be selected
from the list of officers of the navy, not
below the grade of commander; and the
chief of the Bureau of Construction and
Repair must be also a skilful naval con-
structor; the chief of the Bureau of
Steam Engineering must be appointed
from the chief engineers of the navy ;

the chief of the Bureau of Provisions
and Clothing from the list of paymasters
of the navy of not less than ten years'
standing ; and the chief of the Bureau of
Medicines and Surgery from the list of
surgeons of the navy. These chiefs of
bureaus have the rank and pay of com-
modore while serving as such.

BY THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY,

For an Unlimited Term, or during his
Pleasure.

Assistant astronomers, Naval Observ-
atory.

Chief clerk of the Department.

Chief clerks of bureaus.

Clerks of the several grades.

Computers in Hydrographic Office.

Disbursing clerk.

Draughtsmen.

Engravers.

Instrument-makers, Nautical Almanac
Office.

Laborers.

Messengers and assistant messengers.

Porters.

Printers, Hydrographic Office.

Stenographer.

Watchmen.

Writers, Hydrographic Office.

NAVAL ACADEMY, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND.

Professors of drawing, languages, phys-
ics, chemistry, etc., the secretary, boxing-
masters, clerks, and other officers, serv-
ants, and employes, by the Secretary of
the Navy, on the recommendation of the
superintendent thereof.

APPOINTMENTS IN THE UNITED
STATES NAVY.

All line officers on the active list, and
all officers in the several staff corps of
the navy, are appointed by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, and they hold during good be-
havior, or until retired.

The following are the grades included
in the foregoing :

LINE OFFICERS.

Admiral. Lieutenant-commanders.

Vice-Admiral. Lieutenants.
Rear-Admirals. Masters.
Commodores. Ensigns.
Captains. Midsliipmen.

Commanders.

292

APPOINTMENTS.

STAFF OFFICERS.

MEDICAL CORPS. Medical directors,
medical inspectors, surgeons, assistant
Burgeons.

PAY CORPS. Pay directors, pay inspec-
tors, paymasters, passed assistant pay-
masters, assistant paymasters.

ENGINEER CORPS. Chief engineers of
the three grades, viz.: captains, com-
manders, lieutenant-commanders or lieu-
tenants ; first assistant engineers, with
rank of lieutenants or masters ; second
assistant engineers, with rank of masters
or ensigns.

Chaplains.

Naval constructors and assistant naval
constructors.

Civil engineers and naval storekeepers.

Professors of mathematics.

REAR-ADMIRALS.

During war they shall be selected from
those officers on the active list, not below
the grade of commander, who shall have
eminently distinguished themselves by
courage, skill, and genius in their pro-
fession, but no officer shall be so pro-
moted unless, upon the recommendation
of the President, by name, he has re-
ceived the thanks of Congress for distin-
guished service.

During peace, vacancies in the grade
of rear-admiral shall be filled by regular
promotion from the list of commodores,
subject to examination according to law.

No line officer below the grade of com-
modore, and no officer not of the line,
shall be promoted to a higher grade on
the active list of the navy until his men-
tal, moral, and professional fitness to
perform all his duties at sea have been
established to the satisfaction of the
board of examiners appointed by the
President. [There is a standing board
for the examination of officers for retire-
ment and promotion, which consists at
present of one vice-admiral, two rear-
admirals, one passed assistant engineer,
one medical director, and two medical in-
spectors.] And no officer shall be pro-
moted to a higher grade on the active
list of the navy until he has been exam-
ined by a board of naval surgeons, and
pronounced physically qualified to per-
form all the duties at sea, except in a
case where the officer would otherwise be
regularly entitled to the promotion, and
when the medical board reports that the
physical disqualification was occasioned
by wounds received in the line of his
duty, and that such wounds do not inca-

pacitate him for other duties in the grade
to which he shall be promoted.

The grades established for the staff
corps shall be filled by appointment
from the highest members in each corps,
according to seniority ; and new com-
missions shall be issued to the officers
so appointed, in which the grades shall
be inserted, and no existing commission
shall be vacated in the staff corps except
by the issue of the new commissions so
required ; and no officer shall be reduced
in rank or lose seniority in his own corps
by any change which may be required by
such provisions.

Any officer of the navy may, by the
advice and consent of the Senate, be
advanced not exceeding thirty numbers
in rank, for eminent and conspicuous con-
duct in battle, or extraordinary heroism,
and any officer who is nominated to a
higher grade on such account shall be
promoted notwithstanding the number of
said grade may be full : also one grade,
if, upon' the recommendation of the Presi-
dent by name, he has received the thanks
of Congress for highly distinguished con-
duct in conflict with the enemy, or for
extraordinary heroism in the line of his
profession.

A vote of thanks by Congress to any
officer of the navy affects the said officer
only, and whenever as an incident
thereof an officer who would otherwise
be retired is retained on the active list,
such retention shall not interfere with
the regular promotion of others who
would otherwise have been entitled by
law to promotion.

No promotion shall be made to fill a
vacancy occasioned by the final retire-
ment, death, resignation, or dismissal of
an officer who has received a vote of
thanks, unless the number of officers left
in the grade where the vacancy occurs
shall be less than the number authorized
by law.

QUALIFICATIONS OF SURGEONS AND ASSISTANT
SURGEONS.

Candidates for appointment as assist-
ant surgeons are required to pass an ex-
amination before a board of naval sur-
geons, and must be of an age not under
twenty-one or over twenty-six years.

No person shall be appointed surgeon
until he has served as an assistant surgeon
at least two years on board a public ves-
sel of the United States at sea, nor until
he has been examined and approved for
such appointment by a board of naval
surgeons.

APPOINTMENTS.

293

QUALIFICATIONS OP PAYMASTERS AND ASSIST-
ANT PAYMASTERS.

No person shall be appointed assistant
paymaster who is less than twenty-one or
more than twenty-six years of age, nor
until his physical, mental, and moral
qualifications have been examined and
approved by a board of paymasters.

QUALIFICATIONS OF ASSISTANT ENGINEERS AND
ENGINEER OFFICERS.

No person under nineteen or over
twenty-six years of age shall be appointed
a second assistant engineer in the navy ;
nor shall any person be appointed or pro-
moted in the Engineer Corps until after
he has been found qualified by a board
of competent engineers and medical offi-
cers designated by the Secretary of the
Navy, and has complied with existing
regulations.

Cadet engineers, who are graduated
with credit in the scientific and mechani-
cal class of the Naval Academy, may,
upon the recommendation of the Academic
Board, be appointed by the President,
and confirmed by the Senate, as second
assistant engineers ; they may also be
immediately appointed as assistant naval
constructors.

QUALIFICATIONS OF CHAPLAINS.

A chaplain shall not be less than
twenty-one nor more than thirty-five
years of age at the time of his appoint-
ment.

FAILURE IN EXAMINATION FOR PROMOTION.

Any officer on the active list of the
navy, below the grade of commodore,
who, upon examination for promotion, is
not found professionally qualified, shall
be suspended from promotion one year,
with corresponding loss of date when he
shall be re-examined, and in case of his
failure upon such re-examination, he shall
be dropped from the service.

BOATSWAINS, GUNNERS, SAIL-MAKERS,
and CARPENTERS are appointed by the
President alone, in such numbers as may
be necessary for the vessels in actual ser-
vice, and they are classed as warrant offi-
cers. And the President may, if he deem
it conducive to the interest of the service,
give assimilated rank to them, after frve
years' service, as ensigns, and after ten
years' service, as masters.

CADET ENGINEERS, not exceeding fifty
at any time, may be appointed by the
Secretary of the Navy, and no persons

other than a midshipman shall be eligible
for such appointment, unless they shall
produce satisfactory evidence of mechani-
cal skill and proficiency, and shall have
passed an examination as to their mental
and physical qualifications.

ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEONS, in such
number as the exigencies of the service
may require, may be appointed by the
Secretary of the Navy, for temporary
service, who shall receive the compensa-
tion allowed assistant surgeons.

STOREKEEPERS on foreign stations may
be appointed by the Secretary of the
Navy, when suitable officers of the navy
cannot be ordered on such service, or
when, in the Secretary's opinion, the pub-
lic service will be thereby promoted.

MATES may be rated, under the author-
ity of the Secretary of the Navy, from
seamen and ordinary seamen who have
enlisted in the naval service for not less
than two years, but such rating shall not
discharge him from his enlistment.

Seamen, distinguishing themselves in
battle, or by extraordinary heroism in the
line of their profession, may be promoted
to forward warrant officers, upon the rec-
ommendation of their commanding offi-
cers, approved by the flag-officer and the
Secretary of the Navy, and upon such re-
commendation they shall receive a gra-
tuity of $100 and a medal of honor.

MARINE CORPS.

The officers of the Marine Corps are ap-
pointed from civil life by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, subject to examination, and
their qualifications to be approved under
the directions of the Secretary of the
Navy ; and candidates must be not under
twenty or over twenty-five years of age.

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for an Unlimited Tei*m.

Secretary of the Interior.
Assistant Secretary of the Interior.
Architect of the Capitol extension.
Assistant Coriimissioner of Patents.
Assistant Inspector of Gas Meters in
the District of Columbia.

Auditor of Railroad Accounts.
Commissioner of Education.
Commissioner of General Land Office.
Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Commissioner of Patents.

294

APPOINTMENTS.

Commissioner of Pensions.

Deputy Commissioner of Pensions.

Director of Geological Survey.

Examiners-in-chief of Patent Office.

Inspector of Gas Meters in the District
of Columbia.

Principal clerk of Private Land Claims.

Principal clerk of Public Lands.

Principal clerk of Surveys.

Recorder of Deeds for the District of
Columbia.

Recorder of General Land Office.

Superintendent of the Census.

Supervisors of the Census.

BY THE PRESIDENT,
By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for a Term of Four Years.
Governors of Territories.
Indian agents.
Indian inspectors.
Pension agents.
Receivers of public moneys.
Registers of land offices.
Secretaries of Territories.
Surveyors-general.

BY THE PRESIDENT,
By and with, the Advice and Consent of

the Senate, for a Term of One Year.

Members of the Hot Spring Commis-
sion (Arkansas).

BY THE PRESIDENT.

Commissioners to codify the land laws,
for an unlimited term.

Members of Board of Indian Commis-
sioners, for an unlimited term.

Government Directors of the Union
Pacific Railroad Company, for a term of
one year.

Visitors to the Government Hospital
for the Insane, for a term of six years.

BY THE SECRETARY,
For an Unlimited Term.
Book-keepers.

Chief clerk of the Department.
Chief clerks of bureaus.
Chiefs of divisions.
Clerks of the four classes.
Copyists.
Draughtsmen.
Engineers.
Entomological Commission, members

of.

Examiners in Patent Office.
Finance clerk.

Fire Commissioner fbr the District of
Columbia.

Firemen.

Geologists.

Laborers.

Law clerks.

Librarians.

Machinists.

Medical referee.

Messengers.

Packers.

Special agents.

Statistician.

Stenographers.

Superintendent of Cherokee schools in
North Carolina.

Superintendent of the Government
Hospital for the Insane.

Superintendent of the Hot Springs in
Arkansas.

Superintendent of Public Documents.

Superintendent of the Yellowstone Na-
tional Park.

Surgeon-in-chief of the Freedmen's
Hospital, in District of Columbia.

Telegraph operator.

Topographers.

Translators.

Watchmen.

INDIAN INTERPRETERS.

These are appointed by the Secretary
of the Interior, on the nomination of the
Indian agents.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

The Postmaster-General is appointed
by the President, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, and may be
removed in the same manner. His term,
differs from the other heads of Depart-
ments, which is for and during the term
of the President by whom he is ap-
pointed, and for one month thereafter,
unless sooner removed.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for an Unlimited Term, and
removable in the Same Manner.

First, Second, and Third Assistant
Postmasters-General.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for a Term of Four Years,
unless sooner removed.

The postmaster at New York City.

APPOINTMENTS.

295

Postmasters of the first, second, and
third classes.

The commissions of all postmasters
appointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, are
made out and recorded in the Post-Office
Department, must be under the seal of
the Department, and countersigned by
the Postmaster-General.

BY THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL,
For an Unlimited Term.

Appointment clerk.

Assistant Attorney-General for Post-
Office Department.

Carpenters.

Chief clerk to the Postmaster-General.

Chief clerks to Assistant Postmasters-
General.

Chief clerk to Superintendent of For-
eign Mails.

Chief clerk to Superintendent of Money-
Order System.

Chief of Division of Dead Letters.

Chief of Division of Inspection.

Chief of Division of Mail Depredations.

Chief of Division of Postage-Stamps.

Chief of Special Agents.

Clerks fourth, third, second, first
classes ; $1000 and $900 classes.

Disbursing clerk and superintendent
of the building.

Engineers.

Firemen.

Fireman and blacksmith, fireman and
steam-titter.

Laborers male and female.

Law clerk.

LETTER-CARRIERS.

Letter-carriers are appointed by the
Postmaster-General, on the nomination
and recommendation of the local post-
master.

Nominees must be over twenty-one
and under forty-five years of age, they
must be intelligent, temperate, and phys-
ically fitted for the service, and must be
able to read and write and understand
the fundamental rules of arithmetic.

Applications must state the name in
full, age, previous occupation, etc.

It is provided by law that new appoint-
ments of letter-carriers in cities having
two or more classes, shall be made to the
class having the minimum compensation
and promotion from lower grades shal
be made to the higher grades to fill vacan
cies, after one or more years' service, on the
certificate of the postmaster of efficiency
and faithfulness during the preceding year

LOCAL MAIL AGENTS.
By the Postmaster-General, on the
nomination of the local postmaster.

Messengers.

Postmasters of the fourth class.

Railway postal clerks.

Route agents.

Special agents.

Stenographer to the Postmaster-Gen-
eral.

Superintendent of the Blank Agency.

Assistant superintendents of the Blank
Agency.

Superintendent of Free Delivery.

Superintendent of Money-Order Sys-
tem.

Superintendent of Railway Mail Ser-
vice.

Topographer.

Watchmen.

Clerks and other employes in post-
offices are appointed by the postmasters.

SUPERINTENDENTS OP MAILS.

Clerks in post-offices of the first and
second classes to superintend the distri-
bution of the mail, are appointed by the
Postmaster-General on the nomination
of the General Superintendent of the
Railway Mail Service.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for an Unlimited Term.
The Attorney-General of the United

Assistant Attorneys-General, of which
there are three.

Solicitor-General.

Examiner of Claims in the Department
of State.

Solicitor of Internal Revenue.

Solicitor of the Treasury.

Assistant Solicitor of the Treasury.

BY THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL,
For an Unlimited Term.

Assistant to Assistant Attorneys-Gen-
eral in preparation of cases for the Court
of Claims.

Chief clerk of Department of Justice.

Chief clerk office Solicitor of the Treas-
ury.

Clerks fourth, third, second, first
classes.

Clerks fourth, third, second, first
classes, office Solicitor of the Treasury.

296

APPOINTMENTS.

Copyists.

Law clerk, law clerk and examiner of
titles.
Laborers.

Messengers and assistant messengers.
Stenographer.
Telegraph operator.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

The Commissioner of Agriculture is
appointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, for
an unlimited term.

The chief clerk, clerks of the several
classes, entomologist, chemist, assistant
chemist, superintendents, statistician,
disbursing clerk, librarian, botanist, rni-
croscopist, engineer, copyists, laborers,
watchmen, and other employes, are ap-
pointed by the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture ; and when authorized and provided
for by Congress he employs other persons
for such time as their services may be
needed, including chemists, botanists, en-
tomologists, and other persons skilled in
natural sciences pertaining to agriculture.

JUDICIARY.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, to hold their Offices during
Good Behavior.

The Chief Justice and the Associate
Justices of the Supreme Court of the
United States.

Circuit Judges of the United States.

District Judges of the United States.

Chief Justice and Judges of the Court
of Claims.

Chief Justice and Associate Justices
of the Supreme Court of the District of
Columbia.

BY THE PRESIDENT,

By and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, for a Term of Four Years.

Chief Justice and Associate Justices
of the Supreme Courts of the Territories.

District Attorneys of the United States.

Marshals of the United States Courts.

Attorneys of the United States in the
Territories.

Marshals of the United States in the
Territories.

Clerks of the District Courts are ap-
pointed by the judges thereof, except in
cases otherwise provided by law.

In the Western District of North Car-
olina, the circuit and district judges
appoint three clerks, one of whom is
clerk both of the Circuit and District
courts of said Western District of North
Carolina.

In the Western District of Virginia,
;he circuit and district judges appoint
four clerks, each of whom is clerk both
of the Circuit and District Courts for said
district.

In the Western District of Wisconsin,
the circuit and district judges appoint
two clerks, each of whom is clerk both
of the Circuit and District Courts of said
district.

Deputies of clerks of the District Courts
are appointed by the courts, on the ap-
plication of the clerk, and may be re-
moved at the pleasure of the judges
authorized to make the appointments.

Clerks of the Circuit Courts are ap-
pointed by the courts, the circuit and
district judges concurring ; and in case of
a disagreement between the judges, the
appointment shall be made by the As-
sociate Justice of the Supreme Court al-
lotted to such Circuit Court, except in
cases otherwise specially provided by
law.

Deputies of clerks to the Circuit Courts
are appointed by the court, on applica-
tion of the clerk, and may be removed
at the pleasure of the judges authorized
to make the appointments.

The Supreme Court of the United
States appoints a clerk, a marshal, a re-
porter, and deputies of the clerk.

The Court of Claims appoints a clerk,
an assistant clerk, a bailiff, a messenger,
and the clerks may be removed for mis-
conduct or incapacity, but the court shall
report such removals to Congress, with
the reasons therefor. The bailiff holds
office four years, unless removed for
cause. The court also appoints Com-
missioners.

Each Circuit Court may appoint in
different parts of the district for which
it is held so many discreet persons as it
may deem necessary, who shall be called
" Commissioners of the Circuit Courts, 1 '
and shall exercise the powers which are
or may be expressly conferred by law
upon Commissioners of the Circuit Courts.

District Courts of the Territories may
appoint Commissioners.

Deputy marshals are appointed by the
marshals, and are removable from office
by the judge of the District Court, or by
the Circuit Court for the district, at th*
pleasure of either.

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

The following information respecting
the requirement of bonds from disbursing
officers of the Government, and the
amounts thereof, is believed to embrace
all officers of whom bonds are required ;
and the amount is given specifically, or
in classes, except in certain cases where
the number of officers is so large, and the
different amounts so varied, that it would
be impracticable to do so, such as post-
masters, consuls, etc. In these cases,
however, sufficient is stated to show the
general practice.

APPLICABLE TO THE SEVERAL DE-
PARTMENTS.

Each disbursing clerk shall give a bond
to the United States for the faithful dis-
charge of the duties of his office accord-
ing to law, in such amounts as shall be
directed by the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, and with sureties to the satisfaction
of the Solicitor of the Treasury ; and
shall from time to time renew, strengthen,
and increase his official bond as the Sec-
retary of the Treasury may direct.

[See under the head of each Depart-
ment for the amount required in each
case.]

Whenever it becomes necessary for the
head of any Department or officer to em-
ploy special agents other than officers of
the army or navy, who may be charged
with the disbursement of public moneys,
such agents are required, before entering
on duty, to give bond in such form and
with such security as the head of the
Department or office employing them
may approve.

SENATE.

The Secretary of the Senate gives bond
in the sum of $20,000.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

The Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives in the sum of $20,000.

THE PUBLIC PRINTER.

The Public Printer must give bond for
the faithful discharge of his duties in the
penal sum of $100,000, with two sureties,
to be approved by the Secretary of the
Interior.

STATE DEPARTMENT.

Bond.
Disbursing clerk of $20,000

Every consul-general, consul, and com-
mercial agent, before he receives his com-
mission or enters upon the duties of his
office, must give bond to the United
States, with such sureties, who must be
permanent residents of the United States,
as the Secretary of State shall approve,
in a penal sum not less than $1000, and
in no case less than the annual compen-
sation allowed to such officer, and not
more than $10,000, and in such form as
the President prescribes, conditioned for
the true and faithful accounting for, pay-
ing over, and delivering up of all fees,
moneys, goods, effects, books, records,
papers, and other property which may
come into his hands, etc. Every vice-
consul must also give bond, in a penal
sum not less than $2000 nor more than
$10,000, conditioned for the true and
faithful discharge of the duties of his
office according to law, and for account-
ing for all money and property which
may come into his possession.

The bonds to be deposited with the
Secretary of the Treasury.

The amount of bond required of con-
suls is double the amount of their salary
respectively. Of vice-consuls and com-
mercial agents, $2000 each.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

The Comptroller of the Currency must
give bond to the United States in the
penalty of $100,000, with not less than

297

298

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

two responsible sureties, to be approved
by the Secretary of the Treasury, con-
ditioned for the faithful discharge of the
duties of his office.

The Deputy Comptroller of the Cur-
rency likewise gives bond in the penalty
of $50,000.

DISBURSING CLERKS.

Bond.

1 disbursing clerk, in the sum of $20,000

1 " " " 10,000

1 " of Register's office.. 10,000

1 " of Sixth Auditor's

office 10,000

SUPERINTENDENTS OF CONSTRUC-
TION.

Bond.

Albany, New York $10,000

Atlanta, Georgia 10,000

Austin, Texas 5,000

Boston, Massachusetts 10,000

Chicago, Illinois 20,000

Cincinnati, Ohio 10,000

Covington, Kentucky 10,000

Evansville, Indiana 10,000

Fall River, Massachusetts 10,000

Grand Rapids, Michigan 5,000

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 15,000

Hartford, Connecticut.

Kansas City, Missouri

Little Rock, Arkansas

Memphis, Tennessee

Nashville, Tennessee

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

St. Louis, Missouri

San Francisco, California

Topeka, Kansas

Trenton, New Jersey

Utica, New York ,

Washington, District of Columbia ,

10,000
5,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
20,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
5,000

SUPERINTENDENTS OF REPAIRS OF
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

Bond.

Louisville, Kentucky $5,000

New York, New York 5,000

Providence, Rhode Island 20,000

Wilmington, North Carolina 5,000

SUPERINTENDENTS OF GRANITE CUT-
TING.

Bond.

Clark's Island, Maine $5,000

Dix Island, Maine 10,000

Fox Island, Maine 10,000

Hurricane Island, Maine 10,000

CUSTOMS SERVICE.

It is provided by law that every col-
lector, naval officer, and surveyor of cus-
toms shall, before entering on the duties
of his office, give a bond to the United
States, with one or more sufficient sure-
ties, for the true and faithful discharge

of the duties thereof according to law,
which bonds must be approved by the
Commissioner of Customs and filed in
his office.

The amounts of penalties on these
bonds are prescribed by statute, subject
to be regulated (increased or decreased)
by the President, and are as follows :

COLLECTORS.

District and Port. Bond.

Alaska (Sitka) $10,000

Albemarle (Edenton), North Carolina. 10,000

Alexandria, Virginia 20,000

Annapolis, Maryland 5,000

Apalachicola, Florida 5,000

Aroostook (Houlton), Maine 10,000

Baltimore, Maryland 75,000

Bangor, Maine 20,000

Barnstable, Massachusetts 10,000

Bath, Maine 10,000

Beaufort, North Carolina 5,000

Beaufort, South Carolina 10,000

Belfast, Maine 5,000

Boston and Charlestown, Massachu-
setts 100,000

Brazos (Brownsville), Texas 30,000

Bridgeton, New Jersey 5,000

Bristol and Warren, Rhode Island 10,000

Brunswick, Georgia 5,000

Buffalo Creek (Buffalo), New York 25,000

Burlington (Trenton), New Jersey 5,000

Cape Vincent, New York 25,000

Castine, Maine 10,000

Champlain ( Pittsburgh), New York... 25,000

Charleston, South Carolina 50,000

Cherrystone (Eastville), Virginia 5,000

Chicago, Illinois 200,000

Corpus Christi, Texas 30,000

Cuyahoga( Cleveland), Ohio 20,000

Delaware (Wilmington), Delaware 10,000

Detroit, Michigan 30,000

Duluth, Minnesota 25,000

Dunkirk, New York 20,000

Eastern (Crisfield), Maryland 10,000

Edgartown, Massachusetts.. 5,000

Erie, Pennsylvania 5,000

Fairfield (Bridgeport), Connecticut 5,000

Fall River, Massachusetts 10,000

Fernandina, Florida... 5,000

Frenchman's Bay (Ellsworth), Maine. 10,000

Galveston, Texas 30,000

Genesee (Rochester), New York 15,000

Georgetown, District of Columbia 10,000

Georgetown, South Carolina 5,000

Gloucester, Massachusetts 10,000

Great Egg Harbor (Seiners' Point),

New Jersey 5,000

Huron (Port Huron), Michigan 30,000

Kennebuuk. Maine 10,000

Key West, Florida 25,000

Little Egg Harbor (Tuckerton), New

Jersey 5,000

Machias, Maine 5,000

Marblehead, Massachusetts 10,000

Miami (Toledo), Ohio 30,000

Michigan (Grand Haven), Michigan... 10,000

Middletown, Connecticut 10,000

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 50,000

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

299

District and Port. Bond.
Minnesota (Pembina, Dakota Terri-
tory), Minnesota $5,000

Mobile, Alabama 40,000

Montana arid Idaho (Fort Benton),

Montana 10,000

Nantucket, Massachusetts 5,000

Natchez, Mississippi 10,000

Newark, New Jersey 10,000

New Bedford, Massachusetts 20,000

Newburyport, Massachusetts 10,000

New Haven, Connecticut 40,000

New London, Connecticut 10,000

New Orleans, Louisiana 100,000

Newport, Rhode Island 20,000

New York City, New York 200,000

Niagara (Suspension Bridge), New

York 25,000

Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia 40,000

Oregon (Astoria), Oregon 50,000

Oswegatchie (Ogdensburgh), New York 25,000

Oswego, New York 25,000

Pamlico (New Berne), North Carolina. 10,000

Paso del Norte (El Paso), Texas 25,000

Passamaquoddy (Eastport), Maine 10,000

Pearl River (Shieldsborough), Missis-
sippi 5,000

Pensacola, Florida 20,000

Perth Amboy, New Jersey 5,000

Petersburg, Virginia 5,000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 100,000

Plymouth, Massachusetts 5,000

Portland and Falmouth, Maine 50,000

Portsmouth, New Hampshire 20,000

Providence, Rhode Island 25,000

Puget's Sound, Washington Territory. 25,000

Richmond, Virginia 30,000

Saco, Maine 5,000

Sag Harbor, New York 5,000

Salem and Beverly, Massachusetts 40,000

Saluria (Indianola), Texas 10,000

San Diego, California 50,000

Sandusky, Ohio 20,000

San Francisco, California 100,000

Savannah, Georgia 60,000

St. Augustine, Florida 5,000

St. Johns (Jacksonville), Florida 12,000

St. Marks (Cedar Keys), Florida 5,000

St. Mary's, Georgia 5,000

Southern Oregon (Empire City), Oregon 25,000

Stonington, Connecticut 7,000

Superior (Marquette), Michigan 25,000

Tappahannock, Virginia 5,000

Teche (Morgan City), Louisiana 5,000

Vermont (Burlington), Vermont 50,000

Vicksburg, Mississippi 5,000

Waldoborough, Maine 10,000

Willamette (Portland), Oregon 50,000

Wilmington, North Carolina 20,000

Wiscasset, Maine 10,000

York, Maine 5,000

Yorktown, Virginia 5,000

NAVAL OFFICERS.

Port. Bond.

Baltimore, Maryland $10,000

Boston, Massachusetts 5,000

New Orleans, Louisiana 20,000

New York City, New York 10,000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10,000

San Francisco, California 20,000

SURVEYORS.

Port. Bond.

Albany, New York $10,000

Baltimore, Maryland 5,000

Boston, Massachusetts 5,000

Burlington, Iowa 10,000

Cairo, Illinois 5,000

Cincinnati, Ohio 150,000

Dubuque, Iowa 25,000

Evansville, Indiana ;.. 10,000

Galena, Illinois 10,000

Greenport, New York 1,000

La Crosse, Wisconsin 25,000

Louisville, Kentucky 25,000

Memphis, Tennessee 30,000

Michigan City, Indiana 1,000

Nashville, Tennessee 10,000

New Orleans, Louisiana 5,000

New York City, New York 5,000

Omaha, Nebraska 25,000

Patchogue, New York .' 5,000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 5,000

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 10,000

Port Jefferson, New York 5,000

Portsmouth, Ohio 10,000

Portland and Falmouth, Maine 1,000

San Francisco, California 20,000

St. Louis, Missouri 150,000

Wheeling, West Virginia 10,000

TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREAS-
URERS OF THE UNITED STATES.
The Treasurer shall, before entering
upon the duties of his office, give bond,
with sufficient sureties, to be approved by
the Secretary of the Treasury and by the
First Comptroller, in the sum'of 8150,000,
conditioned for the faithful performance
of the duties of his office, and for the
fidelity of the persons to be by him em-
ployed, which bond shall be lodged in
the office of the First Comptroller.

All Assistant Treasurers shall respect-
ively give bonds to the United States for
the faithful discharge of the duties of
their respective offices, according to law,
and for such amounts as shall be directed
by the Secretary of the Treasury, with
sureties to the satisfaction of the Solici-
tor of the Treasury ; and shall, from time
to time, renew, strengthen, and increase
their bonds, as the Secretary of the Treas-
ury may direct.

Bond.

Treasurer of the United States, Wash-
ington, District of Columbia $150,000

ASSISTANT TREASURERS.

Bond.

Baltimore, Maryland $150,000

Boston, Massachusetts 250,000

hicago, Illinois 250,000

Cincinnati, Ohio 250,000

New Orleans, Louisiana 300,000

New York City, New York 400,000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 210,000

San Francisco, California 500,000

St. Louis, Missouri 200,000

300

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

MINT OFFICERS.

The Superintendent, the Assayer, the
Melter and Refiner, and the Coiner of each
mint, before entering upon the execution
of their offices, shall become bound to the
United States, with one or more sureties,
approved by the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, in the sum of not less than $10,000
nor more than $50,000, with condition
for the faithful and diligent performance
of the duties of their offices, and the Sec-
retary of the Treasury may, in his dis-
cretion, increase the bonds of the Super-
intendents.

Bond

Boise City, Idaho, assayer and melter. $10,000

Carson City, Nev., superintendent 50,000

" " assayer 10,000

" " coiner 10,000

" " melter and refiner.. 10,000
Charlotte, N. C. (Assay Office), assayer

and melter 5,000

Denver, Col., assayer in charge 10,000

" " melter 5,000

Helena, Montana, assayer 50,000

" ' " melter 10,000

New Orleans, La., superintendent 25,000

" " coiner 10,000

" " melter and refiner... 10,000

" " assayer 10,000

New York City, N. Y. (Assay Office),

superintendent 50,000

New York City, N. Y., assayer 10,000

" " melter and re-
finer 10,000

Philadelphia, Pa., superintendent 100,000

" " melter and refiner... 10,000

" " engraver 10,000

" " chief coiner 10,000

" " assayer 10,000

San Francisco, Cal., superintendent 100,000

" " assayer 10,000

" " coiner 10,000

" " melter and refiner. 10,000

SUPERVISING AND LOCAL INSPEC-
TORS OF STEAMBOATS.

Every Supervising Local Inspector of
Steamboats shall execute a proper bond,
to be approved by the Secretary of the
Treasury, in such form and upon such
conditions as the Secretary may prescribe,
for the faithful performance of the duties
of his office, and the payment in the
manner provided by law of all moneys
that may be received by him.

The amount of the bonds of these offi-
cers is uniformly 10,000 each.

COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE.

Every Collector, before entering upon
the duties of his office, shall execute a
bond for such amount as may be pre-

scribed by the Commissioner of Internal
Kevenue, under the direction of the Sec-
retary of the Treasury", with not less than
five sureties, to be approved by the
Solicitor of the Treasury, conditioned
that said Collector shall faithfully perform
the duties of his office according to law,
and shall justly and faithfully account
for and pay over to the United States, in
compliance with the order or regulations
of the Secretary of the Treasury, all pub-
lic moneys which may come into his
hands or possession; and he shall, from
time to time, renew, strengthen, and in-
crease his official bond, as the Secretary
of the Treasury may direct, with such
further conditions as the said Commis-
sioner shall prescribe ; and he shall ex-
ecute a new bond whenever required so
to do by the Secretary of the Treasury,
with such conditions as may be required
by law or prescribed by the Commissioner
of Internal Revenue, with not less than
five sureties ; which new bond shall be
in lieu of any former bond or bonds of
such Collector in respect to all liabilities
accruing after the date of its approval by
the Solicitor of the Treasury. Said bonds
shall be filed in the office of the First
Comptroller of the Treasury.

In explanation of the irregular num-
bers by which many of the collection dis-
tricts are known, it may be stated that in
executing the act of August 15, 1876, and
subsequent acts, which reduced the num-
ber of districts to 126, two or more dis-
tricts being consolidated together, the
name of the district retained was left as
before, while the others, or intervening
numbers, were abolished.

Bond.

Alabama, 1st District $50,000

" 2d " 60,000

Arizona 25,000

Arkansas, 3d District

California, 1st " ,

" 4th " ,

Colorado

Connecticut, 1st District

" 2d "

Dakota

Delaware ,

Florida

Georgia, 2d District

Idaho ,

Illinois, 1st District

2d "

3d
4th
5th
7th
8th
13th

100,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
100,000
50,000
100,000
50,000
25,000
100,000
100,000

" 100,000

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

301

Indiana, Jst District

Bond.
...$100,000

Bond.
Pennsylvania, 1st District $100 000

" 4th "

100,000

8th " 100,000

6th "

100,000

9th " . . 100 000

" 7th "

100 000

12th " 100 000

< 10th "

100,000

14th " . .. 100 000

llth "

100,000

16th " 100,000

Iowa, 2d District

100,000

19th " 100 000

" 3d "

100,000

20th " 100 000

4th "

100,000

22d " 100 000

" 5th "

100,000

23d " . 100 000

Kansas

50,000

Rhode Island, 1st District 50,000

Kentucky 2d District

100 000

South Carolina 50 000

" 5th

100,000

Tennessee, 2d District 100,000

" 6th

100,000

" 5th " . . 100 000

" 7th

100,000

8th " 75,000

" 8th

100 000

Texas, 1st District 75 000

< 9th

50,000

" 3d " 100,000

Louisiana . .

. 100,000

" 4th " 50000

Maine

100,000

Utah 50,000

Maryland 3d District

100 000

Vermont, 2d District 100 000

" 4th "

50,000

Virginia, 2d 100,000

Massachusetts 3d District

.. 100 000

" 3d 100 000

5th "

100,000

" 4th 100,000

" 10th "

100 000

" 5th 100 000

Michigan, 1st District

100,000

6th 100,000

" 3d "

100 000

Washington Territory 25 000

4th "

100,000

West Virginia, 1st District 100,000

" 6th "

100 ooo

" 2d " . .. 50 000

Minnesota, 1st "

50,000

" 2d "

. 50 000

2d " 100 000

Mississippi

100,000

" 3d " 100 000

. 100 000

" 6th " 50 000

2d "

50,000

Wyoming Territory 50,000

4th "

100 000

Every Inspector of Tobacco is required
to give bond, with security to be approved
by the Secretary of the Treasury, or col-
lector of the district, in a sum not less
than $5000, conditioned for the faithful
discharge of his duties.
The amount of their bonds is uni-
formly $5000.
Every Storekeeper is required to give
bond, to be approved by the Commis-
sioner of Internal Revenue, for the faith-
ful discharge of his duties, in such form
and in such amount as the Commissioner
may prescribe.
The amount prescribed and given is
$10,000.
Storekeepers and Gaugers (combined
office) also give bond each in the sums
from $5000 to $10,000.
Every Gauger must give bond with
one or more sureties, satisfactory to the
Commissioner of Internal Revenue, for
the faithful discharge of the duties as-
signed to him by law or regulations ;
and the penal sum of said bonds shall
not be less than $5000, and said bond
shall be renewed or strengthened as the
Commissioner may require.
The amounts required and given are
$5000 to $10,000, according to the amount
of causing done.

5th "

100,000

" 6th "

. . 100 000

Montana

50,000

100 000

Nevada

50,000

100 000

New Jersey, 1st District

100,000

" 3d "

100 000

5th "

100 ooo

25,000

New York, 1st District

100,000

" 3d

100 ooo

llth

100,000

" 12th

.... 100 000

14th

100,000

" loth "

.... 100,000

21st "

100,000

" 24th "

. . .. 100 000

" 26th "

100,000

" 28th "

100 000

30th "

100,000

North Carolina 2d District

75 000

4th "

100,000

" 5th "

100,000

6th "

100,000

Ohio 1st District

. 100 000

3d '

100,000

4th

100 ooo

6th

100,000

7th .

100,000

10th

100,000

llth

100,000

15th

100 000

18th

100,000

. 50,000

302

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

Bond.
Disbursing Clerk, in the sum of $20,000

All officers of the Quartermaster's,
Subsistence, and Pay Departments, the
Chief Medical Purveyor, and Assistant
Medical Purveyors, and all Storekeepers
shall, before entering upon the duties of
their respective offices, give good and suf-
ficient bonds to the United States, in such
sums as the Secretary of War may direct,
faithfully to account' for all public moneys
and property which they may receive.
The President may, at any time, increase
the sums so prescribed.

All disbursing officers of the Pay De-
partment shall renew their bonds, or
furnish additional security, at least once
in four years, and as much oftener as the
President may direct.

The amount of bond given by the
several classes of officers is as follows :

SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.

Bond.
Commissaries of subsistence, with rank

of major $16,000

Commissaries of subsistence, with rank

of captain 12,000

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

Bond.

Chief medical purveyor, with rank of

colonel $30,000

Assistant medical purveyors, with rank

of lieutenant-colonel 20,000

PAYMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

Bond.
Assistant paymasters-general, with rank

of colonel $30,000

Deputy paymasters-general, with rank

of lieutenant-colonel 25,000

Paymasters, with rank of major 20,000

ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

Bond.
Ordnance storekeepers, with rank of

major $50,000

Ordnance storekeepers, with rank of

captain $15,000 to 20,000

QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

Bond.
Assistant quartermasters-general, with

rank of colonel $50,000

Deputy quartermasters-general, with

rank of lieutenant-colonel 40,000

Quartermasters, with rank of major 40,000

Assistant quartermasters, with rank of

captain 20,000

Military storekeepers, with rank of

captain 10,000

NAYY DEPARTMENT.

Every Paymaster, Passed Assistant Pay-
master, and Assistant Paymaster shall,
before entering on the duties of his office,
give bond, with two or more sufficient
sureties, to be approved by the Secretary
of the Navy, for the faithful performance
thereof. Paymasters in the sum of $25,-
000 ; Passed Assistant Paymasters in the
sum of $15,000 ; and Assistant Paymasters
in the sum of $10,000.

Bond.
Disbursing clerk of the Department $10,000

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.

The Commissioner of Patents must
give bond to the Treasurer of the United
States in the penal sum of $10,000, and
the Chief Clerk in the sum of $5000, con-
ditioned upon the faithful discharge of
their respective duties, and that they shall
render to the proper officers of the Treas-
ury a true account of all moneys re-
ceived.

Bond.

Disbursing clerk of the Department... $40,000
Financial clerk Patent Office 10,000

PENSION AGENTS.

All Pension Agents shall give bond,
with good and sufficient sureties, for such
amount and in such form as the Secre-
tary of the Interior may approve. The
amount given in each case is as fol-
lows :

Bond.

Boston, Massachusetts $150,000

Chicago, Illinois 250,000

Columbus, Ohio 250,000

Concord, New Hampshire 250,000

Des Moines, Iowa 200,000

Detroit, Michigan 200,000

Indianapolis, Indiana 250,000

Knoxville, Tennessee 200,000

Louisville, Kentucky.. 125,000

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 200,000

New York City, New York 250,000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 25^,000

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 100,000

St. Louis, Missouri 200,000

San Francisco, California 50,000

Syracuse, New York 150,000

Washington, District of Columbia 250,000

LAND SURVEYORS-GENERAL.

Every Surveyor-General shall, before
entering on the duties of his office, exe-
cute and deliver to the Secretary of the
Interior a bond, with good and sufficient
security, for the penal sum of $30,000,
conditioned for the faithful disbursement.

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

303

according to law, of all public money
placed in his hands, and for the faithful
performance of the duties of his office.
New bonds, with additional security, may
be required whenever the President deems
it expedient.

The amount given by each Surveyor-
General is uniformly $30,000, except the
Surveyor-General of California, who gives
$50,000.

DEPUTY SURVEYORS.

Every Deputy Surveyor must give
bond, with sufficient security, for the
faithful performance of all contracts con-
fided to him, and the penalty of the bond
must be double the estimated amount of
money accruing under such contract, at
the rate per mile stipulated to be paid
therein.

REGISTERS AND RECEIVERS.

The law is : Every Register and Re-
ceiver shall, before entering on the duties
of his office, give bond in the penal sum
of $10,000. with approved security, for
the faithful discharge of his trust, and
the President may ($ 3639) regulate and
increase the amount thereof.

The amount required and given by
Registers is $10,000, each ; by Receivers,
$15,000 to $55,000, each.

INDIAN AGENTS.

Each Indian Agent, before entering
upon the duties of his office, shall give
bond in such penalties and with such se-
curity as the President or the Secretary
of the Interior may require.

The amounts required and given by
them vary from $10,000 to $50,000.

The Register of Wills, before he acts
as such, gives a bond to the United States,
with two or more sureties, to be approved
of by the Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of the District, in the sura of $5000,
faithfully to discharge the duties of his
office, and seasonably to record the de-
crees and orders of the Justice of the Su-
preme Court holding the special term for
Orphans' Court business for the District,
and all wills proved before him or the
Court, and all other matters directed to
be recorded in the Court or in the office
of the Register of Wills.

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

Bond.
Disbursing clerk $40,000

Every Postmaster, before entering upon
the duties of his office, shall give bond,
with good and approved security, and in
such penalty as the Postmaster-General
shall deem sufficient, conditioned for the
faithful discharge of all duties and trusts
inposed on him either by law or the rules
and regulations of the Department ; and
where an office shall be designated as a
money-order office, the bond of the Post-
master shall contain an additional condi-
tion for the faithful performance of all
duties and obligations in connection with
the money-order business. On death,
resignation, or removal of a postmaster,
his bond shall be delivered to the Sixth
Auditor. The bond of any married woman
who may be appointed Postmaster shall
be binding upon her and her sureties,
and she shall be liable for misconduct in
office as if she were sole.

Following is stated the amounts of
bonds given by the Postmasters at the
eleven principal offices in the United
States :

Bonds.

New York City, New York $500,000

San Francisco, California 350,000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 300,000

Cincinnati, Ohio 300,000

Chicago, Illinois 300,000

Boston, Massachusetts 200,000

Baltimore, Maryland 200,000

St. Louis, Missouri 150,000

New Orleans, Louisiana 150,000

Brooklyn, New York 125,000

Washington, District of Columbia 100,000

The different amounts of bonds given
by Postmasters are so numerous that
each cannot be given. The smallest
bond is $1000, and the amounts increase
from that sum up, according to the im-
portance of the office, to many thousands
of dollars.

Every Letter-Carrier shall give bond,
with sureties to be approved by the Post-
master-General, for the safe custody and
delivery of all mail-matter, and the faith-
ful account and payment of all money
received by him.

The amount required and given by
Letter-Carriers is $1000.

Every Special Agent, whenever re-
quired to collect or disburse any public
money, shall, before entering on such
duty, give bond in such sura' and form,

304

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

and with such security, as the Postmaster-
General may approve.

Under this authority all Special Agents
are required to give bond, with two sure-
ties, in the sum of $5000.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

The Commissioner and the Chief Clerk,
before entering on their duties, shall
severally give bond to the Treasurer of the
United States, the former in the sum of
$10,000, and the latter in the sum of
$5000, conditioned to render a true and
faithful account to the Treasurer, quar-
ter-yearly, of all moneys which shall
be by them received by virtue of their
office, with sureties to be approved by
the Solicitor of the Treasury. Such
bonds shall be filed in the office of the
First Comptroller of the Treasury, to be
by him put in suit upon any breach of
the conditions thereof.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

Bond.
Disbursing clerk $10,000

THE JUDICIARY.

The CUerk of the Supreme Court of the
United States, and every Clerk of a Cir-
cuit or District Court, shall give bond, in
a sum to be fixed and with sureties to be
approved by the court which appoints
him, faithfully to discharge the duties of
his office, and seasonably to record the
decrees, judgments, and determinations
of the court of which he is clerk, and a
new bond may be required whenever the
court deems it proper.

Bond.
The clerk of Supreme Court in the sum

of $2,000

The Chief Clerk of the Court of Claims
gives bonds to the United States in such
amount, in such form, and with such
security as shall be approved by the Sec-
retary of the Treasury.

Bond.
The chief clerk of the Court of Claims

in the sum of. $5,000

Every Marshal, before he enters on the
duties of his office, gives bond before
the district judge of the district, jointly
and severally with two good and sufficient
sureties, inhabitants and freeholders of
such district, to be approved by said
judge, in the sum of $20,000, for the
faithful performance of said duties by
himself and deputies.

CLERKS OF THE UNITED STATES
COURTS.

ALABAMA.

Bond.

Northern District, 1 circuit clerk $20,000

" " 1 district " 10,000

Middle " 1 circuit " 10,000

" " 1 district " 10,000

Southern " 1 circuit " 20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

ARKANSAS.

Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk .$20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

Western " 1 " " 20,000

" 1 " " 10,000

CALIFORNIA.

1 circuit clerk.
1 district " .

Bond.
20,000
20,000

CONNECTICUT.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $10,000

1 district " 10,000

DELAWARE.

1 circuit clerk.
1 district " .

Bond.
.$10,000
. 10,000

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA.

Bond.
1 clerk of the Supreme Court $20,000

FLORIDA.

Bond.

Northern District, 2 circuit clerks, each.$10,000
" " 3 district " " 10,000

Southern " 1 circuit clerk 10,000

" 1 district 10,000

GEORGIA.

Bond.

Northern District, 1 circuit clerk $15,000

" " I district " 15,000

Southern " 1 circuit " 20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

ILLINOIS.

Bond.

Northern District, 1 circuit clerk $20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

Southern " 1 circuit " 20,000

" 1 district " 20,000

INDIANA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $20,000

1 district " 20,000

IOWA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $15,000

1 district " 15,000

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

305

KANSAS.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $15,000

1 district " 15,000

KENTUCKY.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $20,000

2 " clerks, each 10,000

1 district clerk 20,000

2 " clerks, each 10,000

LOUISIANA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $20,000

1 district " 20,000

MAINE.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $10,000

1 district 10,000

MARYLAND.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $20,000

1 district " 20,000

MASSACHUSETTS.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $20,000

1 district " 20,900

MICHIGAN.

Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk $20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

Western " 1 circuit " 5,000

" " 1 district " 5,000

MINNESOTA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk ~ $10,000

1 district " 10,000

MISSISSIPPI.

Bond.

Northern District, 1 district clerk $20,000

Southern " 1 circuit " 20,000

1 district " 20,000

MISSOURI.

Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk $20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

Western " 1 circuit " 15,000

" " 1 district " 15,000

NEBRASKA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $15,000

1 district " 15,000

NEVADA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $10,000

1 district " 10,000

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $10,000

1 district " 10,000

NEW JERSEY.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $15,000

1 district " .. 15.000

NEW YORK.

Bond.

Northern District, 1 circuit clerk... $10,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

Southern " 1 circuit " 20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

Eastern " 1 circuit " 20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

NORTH CAROLINA.

"" Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk $15,000

" " 3 district clerks, each. 10,000

Western " 3 circuit " " 10,000

" " 3 district " " 10,000

OHIO.

Northern District, 1 circuit clerk

" " 1 district "

Southern " 1 circuit "

" " 1 district "

Bond.

....$20,000
.... 20,000
.... 20,000
.... 20,000

OREGON.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $10,000

1 district " 10,000

PENNSYLVANIA.

Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk $20,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

Western " 1 circuit " 20,000

" " 1 " " 10,000

" 1 district " 20,000

RHODE ISLAND.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $10,000

1 district " 10,000

SOUTH CAROLINA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $20,000

1 district 20,000

TENNESSEE.

Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk $15,000

" " 1 district " 15,000

1 circuit " 15,000

1 district " 15,000

1 circuit " 15,000

1 district " 15,000

Middle

Western

306

BONDS OF DISBURSING AGENTS.

TEXAS.

Bond.
Eastern District, 2 circuit clerks, each..$15,000

" 1 " clerk 15,000

" " 1 district '" 15,000

Western " 1 circuit " 15,000

" " 2 district clerks, each. 15,000

VERMONT.

Bond.

l circuit clerk $10,000

1 district " 10,000

VIRGINIA.

Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk $15,000

" " 1 district " 20,000

" 1 " " 10,000

Western " 4 circuit clerks, each.. 10,000
" " 4 district " " .. 10,000

WEST VIRGINIA.

Bond.

1 circuit clerk $10,000

1 district " 10,000

WISCONSIN.

Bond.

Eastern District, 1 circuit clerk $15,000

" " 2 district clerks, each. 15,000

Western " 1 circuit and district

clerk 15,000

Western District, 1 circuit and district

clerk , 10,000

TERRITORIES.

ARIZONA.

Bond.

1 clerk Supreme Court $10,000

3 clerks, for 3 districts, each 5,000

COLORADO.

Bond.

1 clerk Supreme Court $15,000

3 clerks, for 3 districts, each 10,000

DAKOTA.

Bond.

1 clerk for Supreme Court $10,000

3 clerks, for 3 districts, each 5,000

IDAHO.

Bond.

1 clerk to Supreme Court $10,000

3 clerks, for 3 districts, each 5,000

MONTANA.

Bond.

1 clerk to Supreme Court $10,000

3 clerks, for 3 districts, each 5,000

NE\V MEXICO.

Bond.

1 clerk to Supreme Court $10,000

3 clerks, for 3 districts, each 5,000

UTAH.

Bond.

1 clerk to Supreme Court $10,000

2 clerks, for 1st and 2d Districts, each.. 5,000
1 clerk, for 3d District 10,000

WASHINGTON.

Bond.

1 clerk to Supreme Court $5,000

3 clerks, for 1st District, each 5,000

3 " " 2d " " 5,000

3 3d " 5,000

WYOMING.

Bond.

1 clerk to Supreme Court $10,000

1 " for 1st District 5,000

1 " 2d 5,000

1 3d 5,000

INDEX.

Abatement and refund of duties, 66.

Accounts Bureau, State Department, 57.

Accounts, public, 68.

Adjutant-General's department, 177.

Adjutant-General's office, force in, 166.

Adjutants-general of States, 163.

Agricultural Department accounts, 110.

Agricultural Department, appointments in, 296.

Agricultural Department, Appropriation Bill,
44.

Agricultural Department, force in, 269.

Agricultural Lands, 218.

Alabama customs district of Mobile, 151.

Alabama internal revenue districts, 127.

Alaska customs district, 157.

Alaska, fur-bearing animals in, 68.

Allotments of Supreme Court justices, 270.

Amendments of Constitution, 19.

American seamen, consuls guardians of, 62.

Annual report of Treasurer of U. S., 120.

Annual reports of assistant treasurers, 120.

Annual reports of heads of departments, 54.

Appeal to First Comptroller on post-office ac-
counts, 103.

Appeals by importers, 66.

Appointment Division, Treasury Department,
70.

Appointments, mode of, 284.

Apportionment of Representatives and Dele-
gates, 23.

Appraisers' department, New York, 139.

Appraisers' duties, 139.

Appropriation bills, analysis of, 26.

Appropriations for service of Post-Office De-
partment, 120.

Appropriations, War Department, 162.

Architect of Capitol, force of, 245.

Arizona internal revenue district, 127.

Arkansas internal revenue district, 127.

Army Appropriation Bill, 35.

Army Medical Museum, 172.

Army officers, appointment of, 291.

Army officers, promotion of, 291.

Army of U. S., what it consists of, 176.

Army, frequency of payment, 171.

Army pay department, number and rank of
officers, 178.

Army, pay of enlisted men, 186.

Army, pay of officers, active, 184.

Army, pay of officers, retired, 184.

Army paymasters' accounts, 104.

Army pension agents' accounts, 105.

Army posts, garrisons, and stations, 187.

Army, retirement of officers, 178.

Army, term of enlistment in, 177.
Artificial limbs, 231.
Assay offices, 92.

Assay officers, appointment of, 286.
Assistant Attorney-General, Post-Office De-
partment, 261.

Assistant, first or sole of a department, 55.
Assistant local inspectors of boilers and hulls.

96.

Assistant or deputy of a bureau, 53.
Assistant Postmasters-General, 259.
Assistant Register of the Treasury, 123.
Assistant Secretary of Treasury, 69.
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (second), 70.
Assistant Treasurer, discharging duties of

Treasurer, 120.

Assistant Treasurer, examination of books of, 67.
Assistant treasurer, Baltimore, Md., 121.

" " Boston, Mass., 121.

" " Chicago, 111., 122.

" " Cincinnati, 0., 122.

" " New Orleans, La., 122.

" " New York City, N. Y., 122.

" " Philadelphia, Pa., 122.

" " St. Louis, Mo., 122.

" " San Francisco, Cal., 122.

Assistant Treasurers of the U. S., bonds of, 299.
Assistant Treasurers' accounts, 110.
Attorney-General and officers of Department

of Justice, 265.

Attorneys for claimants for pensions, 236.
Attorneys or counsel not to be employed, 54.
Auditor, First, 110.

" force in office, 111.
Auditor, Second, 111.

" " force in office, 113.

Auditor, Third, 113.

" " force in office, 114.

Auditor, Fourth, 114.

" " force in office, 116.

Auditor, Fifth, 116.

" force in office, 117.

Auditor, Sixth, 1 17.

" " force in office, 118.

Auditor of Railroad Accounts, 244.
Awards in cases of fines, penalties, and for-
feitures, 66.

Back pay and bounty (navy), 115.
Back pay of officers and men account?, 105.
Balances certified by Comptroller or Commis-
sioner of Customs, 54.

Baltimore, Maryland, assistant treasurer, 121.
Biennial Register, 54.

307

308

INDEX.

Bills, orders, and resolutions of Congress pre-
served in the State Department, 56.
Boise City, Idaho, assay office, 92.
Bonded debt of the United States, 77.
Bonds, acknowledgments of, 81.

" assignment of and collection of interest,
80.

Bonds, assignment by representatives and suc-
cessors, 80.

Bonds, assignment of by attorney, 81.
" called, 82.

" ceased to bear interest, 78.
" coupon, 78.

" duplicate for those destroyed or defaced,
67.

Bonds, execution of powers, 81.
" exemption from taxation, 82.
" fees for witnessing, 81.
" foreign successorship assignment, 81.
" forfeiture of, 108.
" interest to joint holders, 82.
" outstanding and bearing interest, 77.
" payment of, 67.

" payment of interest and closing of
transfer books, 79.
Bonds, registered, 78, 123.

" " when transferred, 79.

" registered, destroyed, defaced, etc., 82.
" signed by Register of the Treasury, 123.
" substitution of powers, 81.
" translation of, 81.
" transmission of for exchange, 78.
Bonds of civil and diplomatic officers, 103.
" disbursing agents, 297.
" " officers filed in office of

Second Comptroller, 104.
Bonds of disbursing officers, penalty fixed by

the Secretary of the Treasury, 67.
Boston, assistant treasurer, 121.
Botanic Garden, 49.
Bounties and premiums, 111.

" to sailors, 115.

Bounty (seamen and marines) accounts, 105.
Bounty (soldier) accounts, 111.
Buildings, War Department, 175.
Bunting of American manufacture, 163.
Bureau, Consular, 57.
Bureau, Diplomatic, 57.
Bureau of Accounts, 57.

" Construction and Repairs, 196.

" Education, 244.

' Engraving and Printing, 88.

" Equipment and Recruiting, 194.

" Indexes and Archives, 57.

" Law, State Department, 57.

" Medicine and Surgery, 196.

" Military Justice, 167, 178.

" Navigation, 194.

" Ordnance, 196.

" Provisions and Clothing, 196.

" Statistics, 98.

" Steam Engineering, 196.

" the Mint, 89.

" Yards and Docks, 194.

Cabin John Bridge, 175.
Cadet-engineers, appointment of, 202.
Cadet-midshipmen, appointment of, 198.
Cadets at Military Academy, 178.

Cadets, Military Academy, pay of, 185.

Cadets, Revenue Marine, rules for appointment,
286.

California customs districts, 156.
California internal revenue districts, 128.

Capitol police, 49.

Captured and Abandoned Property and Lands
Division, Treasury Department, 87.

Larson, Nevada, mint, force in, 91.

Catalogue of Congressional Library, 48.

Caveats for patents, 242.

Census accounts, 104.

Census enumerators' duties, 244.

Census Office, 243.

Census Office accounts, 116.

Census supervisors' duties, 243.

Certificates, drafts, or checks, unpaid for three
years, 120.

Certificates of balances, 123.

Certificates of discharge (duplicate) to sol-
diers, 162.

Certificates of registry of vessels, 68.

Charges d'affaires, 58.

Charitable institutions, District of Columbia,
accounts of, 110.

Charlotte, North Carolina, assay office, 92.

Checks (duplicate), how paid, 121.

Chicago, Illinois, assistant treasurer, 122.

Chief clerk, Agricultural Department, bond
of, 304.

Chief clerk, Court of Claims, bond of. 304.

Chief clerk, Patent Office, bond of, 302.

Chief clerk, State Department, 57.

Chief clerk, Treasury Department, 70.

Chief clerks of departments and bureaus, du-
ties of, 53.

Chief engineer of army, 174.

Chief medical purveyor of army, 172.

Chief of ordnance, 173.

Cincinnati, Ohio, assistant treasurer, 122.

Circuit Courts of the United States, 270.
" " jurisdiction of, 270.

Circuit judges, salary of, 270.

Circulation of national banks, tax on, 119.

Civ.il accounts, 103.

Claims allowed by Court of Claims, 105.

Claims exceeding $3000 in departments, 55.

Claims for horses lost, 105.

Claims for transportation of troops and sup-
plies, 113.

Claims found due by accounting officers' Ap-
propriation Bill, 45.

Claims of citizens for property, 113.

Claims of officers and enlisted men, 113.

Claims of States and Territories, 113.

Clerk-hire for consulates, 60.

Clerk of the House of Representatives, bond of,
299.

Clerk of Supreme Court of United States, bond
of, 304.

Clerks, etc., in the departments, names of to be
reported to Congress, 54.

Clerks in post-offices. 252.

Clerks of local boards of inspectors of steam-
boats, 97.

Clerks or employe's not to act as counsel, etc., 54.
Clerks of United States Courts, appointment

of, 296.

Clerks of United States Courts accounts, 110.
Clerks of United States Courts, bonds of, 304.
Clerks to paymasters of the army, 171.

INDEX.

309

Clerkships, rules for appointment, 288.
Coal lands, 225.

Coast and Geodetic Survey accounts, 110.
Coast and Geodetic Survey service, 157.
Coast and Geodetic Survey service, force in,

158.

Coin certificates, 67.
Coinage, assay of metals, etc., 68.
Coins, distribution, circulation, and redemption

of, 68.

Collectors of customs, bonds of, 298.
Collectors of customs, duties of, 137.
Collectors of customs, examination of books

of, 67.

Collectors of internal revenue, 126.
Collectors of internal revenue as disbursing

agents, 67.

Collectors of internal revenue, bonds of, 300.
Collectors of internal revenue, compensation

of, 127.

Collectors of internal revenue, duties of, 126.
Colorado internal revenue districts, 128.
Commerce and Navigation, 67.
Commercial agencies and agents, 60.
Commercial Division, State Department, 57.
Commissary-General, duties of, 170.
Commissary-General's office, force in, 171.
Commissary sergeants, 170.
Commissioner of Agriculture, 269.
Commissioner of Agriculture, bond of, 304.
Commissioner of Customs, accounts revised by,

109.
Commissioner of Customs' office, force in,

109.

Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, 283.
Commissioner of General Land Office, 214.
Commissioner of General Land Office, force in,

215.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 237.
Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 123.
Commissioner of Internal Revenue's office,

force in, 125.
Commissioner of Patents, 240.

" " " bond of, 302.

" " Pensions, 228.

" " Office, force in, 229.
" " Public Buildings and

Grounds, 174.
Commissioners of Claims Appropriation Bill,

45.
Commissioners of United States, accounts of,

110.

Common carriers, 66.
Comptroller of the Currency, 105.
Comptroller of the Currency, bond of, 299.
Comptroller of the Currency's office, force in,

109.
Comptroller, First, 103.

" " force in office, 104.

Comptroller, Second, 104.
Comptroller, Second, office force, 105.
Conditions common to all Executive Depart-
ments, 53.

Connecticut customs districts, 144.
Connecticut internal revenue districts, 128.
Constitution of the United States, 12.
Construction and Repair Bureau, 196.
Construction of public buildings accounts,

Consul at Liverpool, 59.
Consular agents, 60.

Consular and Diplomatic service Appropriation
Bill, 43.

Consular clerks, 63.

Consular jurisdiction, 63.

Consulates and commercial agencies, 60.

Consuls, 59.

Consuls and consular officers, bonds of, 299.

Consuls-general, 59.

Consuls, neglect of duty of, 61.

Consuls, powers and duties of, 60.

Consuls, privileges of, 62.

Contingent expense accounts, 104, 110.

Contingent expenses of Executive Depart-
ments, 55.

Contingent expenses of War Department,
111.

Contingent military expense accounts, 105.

Contracts and purchases of supplies or services,
55.

Contracts filed in office of Second Comptroller.
104.

Contracts for carrying the mails, 254.

Contracts for subsistence, 170.

Contracts signed by Assistant Postmasters-
General, 259.

Contracts, War Department, 163.

Copies of records, State Department, fees for,
57.

Copyrights, 48.

Costumes of diplomatic officers, 59.

Court of Claims, 273.

" claims allowed by, 105.
" " jurisdiction, 273.

Customs accounts, 110.

Customs collection districts and ports, force
in, 141.

Customs Division, Treasury Department, 73.

Customs dues, re-examination and reliquida-
tion of, 66.

Customs goods, compensation for seizing, 66.

Customs officers, fixing compensation of, 66.

Customs service, 137.

Customs service, appointments in, 289.

Dakota internal revenue districts, 128.

Deaf and Dumb Institution, District of Colum-
bia, 247.

Declaration of Independence, 9.

Debt of the United States, 74.

Debt of the United States, bonded, table of,
75.

Debt of the United States, interest of antici-
pated, 67.

Debt of the United States, offices for payment
of, 80.

Debt of the United States, refunding transac-
tions of, 76.

Debtors imprisoned, 66.

Debts due Post-Office Department, compro-
mised, 117.

Debts due the United States, Navy Department,
114.

Deficiency Appropriation Bill, 45.

Delaware customs district, 147.

Delaware internal revenue district, 128.

Delegates in Congress, 23.

Denver, Colorado, mint, force in, 92.

Department of Agriculture, 269.

Department of Justice, 265.

310

INDEX.

Department of Justice, force in, 266.

Deposit of gold and bullion, 67.

Deposit of public money, 67.

Depositaries' reports, 120.

Depositaries of U. S. accounts, 110.

Depository of U. S. at Tucson, Arizona, 122.

Deputy Comptroller of the Currency, 106.

Depositories of public money, 67.

Deputy Comptroller of the Currency, bond of,
298.

Deputy consuls, 60.

Deputy paymasters-general, 171.

Deputy surveyors of land, bonds of, 303.

Deputy to act as chief of bureau, 53.

Deserters (seamen), 63.

Designs, patents for, 242.

Destitute seamen, relief of, 62.

Diplomatic and consular accounts, 104.

Diplomatic officers, costumes of, 59.

Diplomatic officers performing duties of an-
other officer, 58.

Disbursements under pay-warrants of Post-
master-General, 120.

Disbursing agents, collectors of internal reve-
nue as, 67.

Disbursing agents for public buildings, 67.

Disbursing clerk, Department of Justice, bond
of, 304.

Disbursing clerk, Interior Department, bond of,
302.

Disbursing clerk, Navy Department, bond of,
302.

Disbursing clerk, Post-Office Department, bond
of, 303.

Disbursing clerk, State Department, bond of,
299.

Disbursing clerks, Treasury Department, ac-
counts paid by, 85.

Disbursing clerks, Treasury Department, bonds
of, 298.

Disbursing clerk, War Department, bond of,
302.

Disbursing clerks of departments, 53.

Disbursing officers' bonds, penalty fixed by Sec-
retary of the Treasury, 67.

Disbursing officers of Engineer Department
accounts, 105.

Disbursing officers of navy in foreign countries,
115.

Disbursing officers of quartermaster's depart-
ment accounts, 105.

Disbursing officers of subsistence department
accounts, 105.

Distribution, circulation, and redemption of
coins, 68.

District attorneys, 273.

District attorneys' accounts, 110.

District Courts, 271.

<l jurisdiction of, 272.

District of Columbia, 246.

District of Columbia accounts, 104, 110.

District of Columbia Appropriation Bill,
44.

District of Columbia customs district, 149.

District of Columbia Supreme Court, 273.

District judges, salary of, 272.

Documents, public, number of printed, 50.

Dues to the United States, recovery of, 103.

Duplicate checks, how paid, 121.

Duties and tonnage, 66.

Duties, unascertained, paid to collector, 120.

Election of Delegates in Congress, 23.

Election of President and Vice-President of
the United States, 51.

Election of Representatives in Congress, 23.

Election of Senators, 23.

Electors of President, number of, 51.

Employes, Treasury Department, number of,
65.

Enactment of laws, 25.

Engagement of seamen, 62.

Engineer Corps of the navy, 203.

" (army), number and rank of

officers, 177.

Engineer of army, chief of, 174.

Engineers' (army) accounts, 113.

Enlisted men, general service, pay and allow-
ances, 166.

Enlisted men of army may purchase articles,
etc., 170.

Enlisted men, U. S. Army, pay of, 186.

Enrolments (ships'), 123.

Enrolments of vessels (foreign), 68.

Entomological Commission, 246.

Entry of merchandise, 140.

Envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipo-
tentiary, 58.

Examiners of national banks, 108.

Examiners of patents, 241.

Executive Mansion, salaries of clerks, and em-
ployes, 52.

Executive power in the Territories, 275.

Expenditures limited to appropriations, 55.

Express transportation accounts, 104.

Fees for copies of records, State Department,

Fees in Patent Office, 243.

Financial agent for issue and redemption of

U. S. notes, 119.

First Assistant Postmaster-General's office, 259.
Fiscal agent for payment of interest on public

debt, 119.

Flags, standards, and colors captured, 162.
Florida customs districts, 151.
Florida internal revenue district, 128.
Forage for horses, 185.
Force Library, 47.

Fort and Fortification Appropriation Bill, 45.
Fuel, light, and water accounts, 111.
Fur-bearing animals in Alaska, 68.

Gangers of internal revenue, bonds of, 301.
Gangers of internal revenue, compensation of,

127.
General Land Office, 214,

" " " force in, 215.

General provisions relating to army, 178.
General provisions relating to appointment of

clerks in the departments, 285.
General service, pay, and allowances of enlisted

men, 166.

Geological Survey, 245.
Georgia customs districts, 130.
Georgia internal revenue districts, 128.
Gold coin and bullion, deposit of, 67.

INDEX.

311

Government in the District of Columbia, 276.
Government in the Territories, 275.
Government Printing-Office, 49.

" " " appointments in,

285.
Government Printing-Office, number and pay

of employes, 50.

Helena, Montana, assay office, 92.
Homesteads on public lands, 218.
Hospital and Asylum for Freedmen, 249.
Hospital, Columbia, and Lying-in Asylum,

249.

Hospital for the Insane, 246.
Hospitals (military), direction of, 172.
Hospitals (military), supply of, 172.
Hospital stewards, 172.
House of Representatives, 23.
House of Representatives, appointments in,

284.
House of Representatives, number and pay of

employe's, 24.
Hydrographic Office, Navy Department, 195.

Idaho internal revenue districts, 128.

Illinois customs districts, 154.

Illinois internal revenue districts, 129.

Importation of neat cattle, 68.

Independent Treasury service, 121.

Indian affairs accounts, 111.

Indian agents' accounts, 105.

Indian agents and agencies, 238.

Indian agents' bonds, 303.

Indian agents' duties, 239.

Indian contractors' accounts, 105.

Indian inspectors' accounts, 105,

Indian Office, 237.

Indian Office, force in, 238.

Indian service, 238.

Indian service Appropriation Bill, 39.

Indian superintendents' accounts, 105,

Indian trust-fund bonds, custodian of, 119.

Indiana, customs port of Evansville, 154.

Indiana internal revenue districts, 128.

Inspector of gas-meters, District of Columbia,

246.
Inspector-General's office, War Department,

167.

Inspectors-General (army), Corps of, 177.
Inspectors (local) of steamboats, 96.
Inspectors of steamboats, bonds of, 300.
Inspectors of tobacco, bonds of, 301.
Instructions to receivers of Treasury notes,

67.

Interest schedules, 123.
Interior Department, 212.
Interior Department, appointments in, 293.
Interior Department, Secretary's office, force

in, 214.

Internal revenue accounts, 104, 116.
Internal revenue agents and their duties, 124.
Internal revenue districts, 127.
Internal revenue districts, force in, 127.
Internal Revenue and Navigation Division,

Treasury Department, 73.
Internal Revenue Office, 125.
Internal revenue service, 126.

Internal revenue service, appointments in,

289.

Interpreters, diplomatic service, 58, 60.
Interpreters, Indian service, 239.
Invalid and other pensions Appropriation Bill,

Invalid pensions, 233.

Inventions and discoveries, report upon by

consuls, 63.

Inventory of property in departments, 54.
Investigation of frauds, 54.
Iowa customs ports, 154.
Iowa internal revenue districts, 129.

Judges of the United States, resignations of,

272.

Judiciary, 270.
Judiciary accounts, 104, 110.
Judiciary, appointments in, 296.
Justice Department, 265.
Justice Department, appointments in, 295.

Kansas internal revenue district, 130.
Keeping public moneys, 121.
Kentucky, customs port of Louisville, 153.
Kentucky internal revenue districts, 130.

Land deputy surveyors, bonds of, 303.
Land surveyors-general, bonds of, 302.
Land registers, examination of books of, 67.
Lands and other public property, unproduc-
tive, rent or sale of, 69.
Lands, public, 217.

" agricultural, 218.

" coal, 225.

" fees for entering, 218.

" mineral, 221.

" mill-sites on, 224.

" price of, 220.

" registers and receivers, 216.

" States and Territories, in which
located, 217.

Lands, public, surrender of entry, 220.
Lands, public, title to, 218.
Law Library, 47.

Lead and other mines accounts, 111.
Legislative Department, 23.
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Appropri-
ation Bill, 26.

Legislative power in the Territories, 275
Letter-carriers, 252.

" " bonds of, 303.
Librarian of Congress and assistants, 49.
Librarian State Department, 57.
Library of Congress, 46.

" " appropriations for, 49.

License for yachts, 68.
Licenses, ships', 123.
Life-saving service,, 68, 97.
Life-saving service accounts, 110.
Life-saving service) appointments in, 289.
Life-saving service, force in, 98,
Life-saving service, medals of honor,. 68.
Light-House Board, 101.
Light-House Establishment, 99 k

312

INDEX.

Light-house districts, % 100.

Light-house service accounts, 111.

Light-house service, appointments in, 289.

Loans and Currency Division, Treasury Depart-
ment, 73.

Loans and public debt accounts, 104.

Local inspectors of boilers and hulls of steam-
boats, 96.

Local mail agents, 257.

Louisiana customs districts, 152.

Louisiana internal revenue district, 130.

Mail agencies, 257.

Mail route messengers, 257.

Mail service, foreign, 255.

Mails, contracts for carrying, 254.

Maine customs districts, 141.

" internal revenue district, 131.
Manufactures, statistics of, 67.
Marine Corps, 209.

" " appointments in, 293.
" " pay of enlisted men, 211.
" " pay of officers, 210.
Marine hospital service, 102.
Marine hospital service, appointments in, 290.
Marine hospital tax, 67, 102.
Marshals' accounts, 110.
Marshals, diplomatic service, 60.
Marshals of the United States, 274.

" " bonds of, 304.

Maryland customs districts, 148.

" internal revenue districts, 131.
Massachusetts customs districts, 142.

" internal revenue districts, 131.

Medals of honor, life-saving service, 68.
Medical Corps of the navy, 203.
Medical Corps (army), number and rank of

officers of, 177.

Medical Department (army), 171.
Medical officers (army), bonds of, 302.
Members of House of Representatives, by

whom paid, 119.
Merchandise and goods examined in appraiser's

department, New York, 139.
Michigan customs districts, 154.

" internal revenue districts, 131.
Military Academy accounts, 113.

" ' " appointments in, 290.

" " Appropriation Bill, 42.

" officers of, 178.

" " pay of officers of, 185.

Military and hospital stores accounts, 111.
Mill-sites on public lands, 224.
Mineral lands, 221.
Ministers resident, 58.
Minnesota customs districts, 155.

" internal revenue districts, 131.
Mint accounts, 104.
Mint and assay office accounts, 110.
Mint officers, appointment of, 286.

" " bonds of, 300.
Mints of the United States, 89.
" " " " appointments in,

289. _
Mississippi customs districts, 151.

" internal revenue district, 131.
" River Commission, 175.
Missouri, customs port of St. Louis, 153.
" internal revenue districts, 132.

Model rooms, Patent Office, 240.
Money-order accounts, how kept, 117.

" system, 258.

Montana and Idaho customs district, port of

Fort Benton, 156.

Montana internal revenue district, 132.
Musicians, Marine Corps, pay of, 211.

National bank examiners, appointment of, 290.
National bank, failure to pay its notes, 108.
National banking associations, how formed, 106.
National bank-notes, amount of, 107.

" " " apportionment of, 67.

" " " redemption of, 107.

" " " destruction of mutilated,
108.

National banks as depositories, 119.
National Board of Health, 159.

" " " accounts, 110.

" cemeteries, 163.

" Home for Volunteer Soldiers, ao-
counts of, 104.
Nautical Almanac, 195.
Naval Academy, 197.

" " appointments in, 291.

Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, 196.
Naval hospitals, 199.
Naval Observatory, 194.
Naval officers, appointment of, 291.
Naval officers' disbursement accounts, 114.
Naval officers of customs, bonds of, 299.
" " " duties of, 138.

Naval rank (relative), 204.
Naval Service Appropriation Bill, 37.
Navy Department, 192.
Navy Department, appointments in, 291.
Navy Department accounts, 114.
Navy Department receipts and expenditures,

Navy Department, Secretary's office, force in,

193.

Navy officers, detail of command, 204.
Navy officers of the line, 203.

" " pay of, 206.
Navy officers, retirement of, 203.
Navy pension accounts, 114.

" " agents, 115.

" " fund, 115, 193.
Navy-yards and shore stations, 211.
Neat cattle, importation of, 68.
Nebraska, customs port of Omaha, 156.
Nebraska internal revenue district, 132.
Neglect of duty by consuls, 61.
Nevada internal revenue district, 132.
New Hampshire, customs port of Portsmouth,

142.

New Hampshire internal revenue district, 132.
New Jersey customs districts, 147.

" " internal revenue districts, 132.
New Mexico " " " 132.

New Orleans, La., assistant treasurer, 122.
New Orleans, La., mint, force in, 91.
New York, appraiser's department, 139.
New York, assay office, force in, 92.
New York City, assistant treasurer, 122.
New York customs districts, 145.

'' " internal revenue districts, 132.
Non-commissioned officers, Marine Corps, pay

of, 211.

INDEX.

313

North Carolina customs districts, 1 50.

" " internal revenue districts, 134.

Notes of the United States, printing of, 67.

Oaths in settling accounts, 162.

Office-hours of the departments, 53.

Officers and enlisted men may purchase arti-
cles, 170.

Officers of army, pay of, 184.
" navy, pay of, 206.

Officers or employe's not to act as counsel, agent,
etc., 54.

Officers of subsistence department, prohibitions
against, 170.

Ohio customs districts, 153.

Ohio internal revenue districts, 134.

Ordnance and medical accounts, 105.

Ordnance, chief of (army), 173.

Ordnance Corps, number and rank of officers,
177.

Ordnance department at large, 174.

Ordnance stations, 173.

Ordnance storekeepers, bonds of, 302.

Oregon customs districts, 156.

Oregon internal revenue districts, 135.

Paper and public printing accounts, 104.
Pardons and commissions, 57.
Passport clerk, State Department, 57.
Passports, 57.
Patent Office, 240.

" " contingent accounts, 116.

" " force in, 241.

" " rates of fees in, 243.

" " salary accounts, 110.
Patents for designs, 242.
Patents, information in relation to, 241.
Pay and clothing of the army accounts, 111.
Pay (back) of officers and soldiers, 104.
Pay corps of the navy, 203.
Pay of cadets, Military Academy, 185.
Pay of enlisted men, signal corps, 185.
Pay of enlisted men, U. S. Army, 186.
Pay of officers, U. S. Army, 184.

" " " " (retired), 184.

" " Marine Corps, 210.

" " Military Academy, 185.

" " U. S. Navy, 206.
Pay of non-commissioned officers, musicians,

and privates, Marine Corps, 211.
Pay of petty officers and seamen, U. S. Navy,

208.
Paymaster and quartermaster of Marine Corps,

accounts of, 105.

Paymaster-General's office, force in, 171.
Paymaster of Marine Corps, 115.
Paymasters, additional, U. S. Army, 171.

" (army), bonds of, 302.

" (navy), accounts of, 105.

navy purchasing, accounts of, 115.

" (navy), bonds of, 302.

" of navy-yards, 115.

" of ships, 115.

" of vessels lost, 114.

Payment of moneys, 119.
Payment of the army, frequency of, 171.
Pay tables, revenue marine, 84.

Pennsylvania customs districts, 147.

" internal revenue districts, 135.

Pension accounts, 113.
" agents, 229.
" bonds of, 302.

Pensioners, number of, 232.
Pension fund (privateer), U. S. Navy, 193.
Pension Office, 228.

" " force in, 229.
Pensions, increase of, 233.

" information relating to, 229.
Pensions, invalid, 233.

" manner of applying for, 232.
rates of, 230.
" renewal of, 234.
" who are entitled to, 231.
Performance of duties of another office, 54.
Personal effects lost by officers and seamen,

compensation for, 114.
Petty officers (U. S. Navy), order of rank, 205.

" " " " pay of, 208.

Philadelphia, mint, force in, 89.

" assistant treasurer, 122.

Postage, rates of, 262.

" stamps and envelopes, 253.
" to foreign countries, 264.
Postal service accounts, how kept, 118.
Postmaster-General, duties of, 250.
Postmaster-General's office, 259.
Postmasters, appointments and removals re-
ported to Sixth Auditor, 118.
Postmasters, bonds of, 303.

" deceased, bonds of delivered to

Sixth Auditor, 118.
Postmasters, compensation of, 251.

" fourth class, 251.

Post-Office Department, 250.

" " accounts, 117.

" " appointments in, 294.

" " Appropriation Bill, 43.

" " clerical force in, 261.

" " delinquencies of offi-

cers of, 117.
Post Office, miscellaneous business, 258.

" money-orders, 264.

Post-offices and postmasters, 250.
" clerks in, 252.

" establishment or discontinuance of

reported to Sixth Auditor, 118.
Post roads, 254.
Preservation of accounts by First Comptroller,

103.

President of the Senate when to act as Presi-
dent of the United States, 51.
President of the United States, 51.
President's Cabinet, salary of members, 52.
Presidential office becoming vacant, what, 51.
Printing and binding, amount of, 49.
Printing of U. S. notes, 67.
Privateer pension fund U. S. Navy, 193.
Privates, Marine Corps, pay of, 211.
Prize-money, how distributed, 115.
Proceeds of goods sold, restoration of, 66.
Proposals for labor and materials, War Depart-
ment, 162.
Public accounts, 68.
Public buildings and grounds, Commissioner

of, 174.
Public buildings and grounds, District of

Columbia, accounts, 110.
Public buildings, construction of, 94.

314

INDEX.

Public buildings, plans and estimates for, 69.

" " Secretary of Treasury may

defer operations upon, 69.
Public buildings, sites for, 69.
Public documents, extra copies furnished, 50.
Public lands, where located, 217.
Public money, deposit of, 67.
Public money, depositories of, 67.

" " in depositories, 120.

Public Moneys Division, Treasury Depart-
ment, 73.
Public Printer, advances of money to, 50.

" " bond of, 297.

" " duties of, 50.

Public printing accounts, 104, 110.

" " and binding, cost of, 50.

Public property, 69.

Purchases and contracts for supplies or ser-
vices, 55.

Quartermaster-General's office, 168.

" " force in, 170.

Quartermaster of Marine Corps, 115.
Quartermaster's accounts, 113.

" department, 170.

" " bonds of officers,

302.

Quartermaster's department, number and rank
of officers, 177.

Railroad accounts, auditor of, 244.
Railway postal clerks, 257.

" service, 255.
Rations in army, purchase and issue of, 170.

" navy, 206.

Rebel Archive Branch, War Department, 165.
Rebellion records, 165.
Receipt of money into the Treasury, 119.
" " " and payment out of the

Treasury, 72.
Receipts and expenditures, Navy Department,

114.
Receiver of Land Office, examination of books

of, 67.
Receivers of defaulting banking associations,

108.

Receivers of Public Lands, accounts of, 104.
Recorder of Deeds, District of Columbia, 246.
Redemption agent for national bank-notes.

119.
Re-examination and re-liquidation of customs

dues, 66.

Refund of duties, 66.
Refund of internal revenue taxes, 125.
Register of the Treasury, 122.

" force in office, 123.

of, 303.

Registered letters, 253.

Registers and receivers (land), bonds of, 303.
Registers and receivers of public lands, 216.

com-
pensation of, 216.
Registers and receivers of public lands, fees

of, 217.
Registers (ships'), issued by Register of the

Treasury, 123.

Registers of land office, examination of books
of, 67.

Registers of vessels, 62.

Regulations of each department, 53.

Relative naval rank, 204.

Remission of fines, 66.

Remission of forfeitures, 66.

Repair of public buildings accounts, 104.

Repayment of money, 72.

Reports to Congress by Secretary of State, 57.

Representatives in Congress, compensation of,
23.

Rent or sale of unproductive lands or other
property, 69.

Restoration of proceeds of goods sold (internal
revenue), 66.

Retired officers (army), pay of, 184.

Retired officers (navy), pay of, 203.

Retirement of army officers, 178.

Retirement of naval officers, 203.

Revenue cutter service accounts, 110.

Revenue Marine, officers of, 83.
" pay-tables, 84.

" " vessels, 84.

Revenue Marine Division, Treasury Depart-
ment, 83.

Revenue marine service, 83.

Revenue marine service, appointment of offi-
cers and cadets in, 286.

Revenues of Post-Office Department, 119.

Revenues paid daily into the Treasury, 120.

Rhode Island customs districts, 144.

" internal revenue district, 136.

River and Harbor Appropriation Bill, 45.

Rock Island Prison, government of, 163.

Route agents, 257.

Rules of precedence diplomatic agents, 58.

St. Louis, Mo., assistant treasurer, 122.
Safe-keeping and disbursement of public

moneys, 67.

Salaries and civil list accounts, 104.
Salaries of judges, etc., accounts, 110.
Salaries of light-house keepers' accounts, 111.
Salary accounts, seven Executive Departments,

110.

Sale or transfer of vessels at foreign ports, 62.
San Francisco, Cal., assistant treasurer, 122.
San Francisco, Cal., mint, force in, 90.
Seal island agents in Alaska, 85.
Seal of United States, 56.
Seamen, complaints of, 62.
Seamen, engagement of, 62.
Seamen, relief of destitute, 62.
Seamen, U. S. Navy, pay of, 208.
Seat of Government, 22.
Second Assistant Postmaster-General's office,

260.

Secret service agents, 87.
Secret service division Treasury Department,

86.

Secretaries of legation, 58.
Secretary of State, duties of, 56.
Secretary of the Interior, 212.
Secretary of the Navy, duties of, 193.
Secretary of the Senate, bond of, 299.
Secretary of the Treasury, duties of, 65.
Secretary's office, Navy Department, divisions

of, 193.

INDEX.

315

Secretary of War, duties of, 162.

Secretary's office, War Department, organiza-
tion of, 165.

Senate debates, reporting of, 24.

Senate of the U. S., appointments in, 284.

Senate officers, clerks, etc., compensation of, 23.

Senators' compensation, 23.

Services to seamen by consular officers free, 61.

Ships' enrolments, 123.

Ships' licenses, 123.

Ships' registers issued by Kegister of the Treas-
ury, 123.

Signal Bureau accounts, 113.

Signal Corps, pay of enlisted men, 185.

Signal Office and service, 167.

" " " " force in, 168.

Signal service, 178.

Signal service, pay of civil employes, 168.

Signal service, pay of enlisted men, 168.

Sinking fund, District of Columbia, 121.

Sites for public buildings, 69.

Smithsonian bequest, deposits by regents, 69.

Smithsonian Institution, 278.

" officers of, 281.

Smithson's will, 278.

Soldiers' and sailors' public land privileges, 220.

Solicitor of Internal Revenue, 125.

Solicitor of the Treasury, 267.

" " " force in office, 268.

South Carolina, customs districts, 150.

" " internal revenue district, 136.

Speaker, House Representatives, when to act
as President, 51.

Special Agents' Division, Treasury Depart-
ment, 85.

Special agents of customs accounts, 110.

" " Treasury Department (cus-

toms), duties of, 85.

Special agents of Internal Revenue, 124.

" Post-Office Department, 256.
" " Post-Office Department, bonds

of, 303.

Special agents to examine national banks, 108.
" of Treasury Department, as dis-
bursing agents, 67.

Special agents of Treasury Department, to ex-
amine depositories, 67.

State Department, 56.

accounts, 116.
appointments in, 285.
" " force in, 58.

Stationery Division, Treasury Department, 85.

Statistics Branch, State Department, 57.

Steamboat inspection accounts, 104, 110.

Steamboat inspection laws, 68.

Steamboat inspection service, 95.

" " accounts, 110.

Steamboat inspectors, bonds of, 300.

Steamboats chartered or impressed, 105.

Storekeepers and gaugers of internal revenue,
bonds of, 301.

Storekeepers of internal revenue, bonds of, 301.

Subposna in certain cases, 54.

Subsistence department at large, 171.

Subsistence department, number and rank of
officers, 177.

Subsistence Department officers, bonds of, 302.

of army accounts, 113.
" officers' accounts, 111.

supplies, purchase of, 162.

Sundry Civil Expenses Appropriation Bill, 30.

Superintendence of cooking by enlisted men,

172.
Superintendent of foreign mails, 261.

money-order system, 261.
" railway mail service, 261.

Superintendents of construction, bonds of, 298.
" " department buildings, 55.

" " granite-cutting, bonds of,

298.

Superintendents of repairs, bonds of, 298.
Supervising architect of Treasury, 92.

" " " office force,

94.
Supervising inspector-general of steamboats,

95.

Supervising inspectors of steamboats, 95.
Supervising surgeon-general marine hospital

service, 103.

Supplies furnished or taken by the army, ac-
counts of, 105.
Supreme Court of U. S., 270.

" " " jurisdiction of, 270.

Surgeon-General U. S. A., 171.
Surgeon-General's office, force in, 172.
Surgeons, marine hospital service, 103.
Surveyors-general of land, 215.
Surveyors of customs, bonds of, 299.
" duties of, 138.
" ' " public land accounts, 104.
Surveys of rivers and harbors, 162.

Tax, marine hospital, 67, 102.
" on circulation of national banks, 119.

Taxes on national banks, 107.

Tennessee customs ports, 153.

" internal revenue districts, 136.

Territorial accounts, 104.

Territorial officers, 276.

Territories, government in, 275.

Texas customs districts, 152.

" internal revenue districts, 136.

Third Assistant Postmaster-General's office,
260.

Title of public lands, manner of acquiring,
218.

Tobacco for enlisted men, 170.

Trade-marks, 243.

Translation Branch, State Department, 57.

Transportation of troops, etc., 162.

Travelling expenses of Representatives, 23.
" " Senators, 23.

Treasurer of the United States, 118.

" " " force in office,

121.

Treasurer of the United States accounts, 1 04,
110.

Treasurer of the United States, bond of, 299.

" " " weekly state-

ment of, 67.

Treasury Department, 64.

" " appointments in, 285.

" " First Assistant Secre-

tary of, 69. -

Treasury Department, Secretary's office, force
in, 69.

Treasury Department, Second Assistant Sec-
retary of, 70.

Treasury notes, instructions to collectors and
receivers, 67.

316

INDEX.

Treasury notes and securities signed by Regis-
ter, 123.

Treasury of the U. S., what constitutes it, 121.
" " receipt of money into
and payment out of, 72.

Treasury of the U. S., Secretary's office, force
in, 69.

Troops, transportation of, 162.

Trusses, applications for, 172.

Trustee of U. S. bonds to secure circulation of
national banks, 119.

Tucson, Arizona, depository, 122.

Utah internal revenue district, 136.

Vacancies, how filled, 54.
Vermont customs district, 142.

" internal revenue district, 136.
Vessels, annual returns of, 123.
Vessels, certificates of registry, 68.

" foreign enrolments, 68.

" of United States Navy, 204.
Vessels, regulations for numbering, 68.
Vice-consuls, 60.

Vice-Presidential office becoming vacant, what,
51.

Virginia customs districts, 149.

" internal revenue districts, 136.

War Department, 162.
" " appointments in, 290.

" " proposals for labor and ma-

terial, 162.

War Department, Secretary's Office, force in,
165.

Warrants, Estimates, and Appropriations Di-
vision, Treasury Department, 72.

Washington Aqueduct, 175.

Washington Territory, customs district of Pu-
get Sound, 157.

Washington Territory Internal Revenue dis-
trict, 137.

Weekly statement of Treasurer, 67.

West Virginia internal revenue districts, 137.
" customs port of Wheeling, 150.

Wisconsin customs districts, 155.

" internal revenue districts, 137.

Wrecked or abandoned property, 69.

Wrecks, 63.

Wyoming Territory internal revenue district,
137.

Yachts, license of, 68.

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2- month loans may be renewed by calling

(510)642-6753
1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books

to NRLF
Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days

prior to due date

DUE AS STAMPED BELOW

1,000 (4/94)

iT 08698