UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE GIFT OF MAY TREAT MORRISON IN MEMORY OF ALEXANDER F MORRISON Hiftorical and Critical REMARKS O N Bifhop jgtmtet's HISTORY O F His own Time. By B. HIGGONS, Gent. - HuncTuj Romanej caveto. HOR. The SECOND EDITIOX, with Additional REMARKS. To which is added a POSTSCRIPT, in anfwer to the London Journal of the 3o th of January, and 6 th of February, iyaf. LONDON: Printed for P. M E i G H A N, at Gray 's-Inn-Gate in Holborn. M.DCC.XXVII. THE PA /i-30 PREFACE. HEN we undertook thefe Remarks , we defigrid that the Workjhotdd have been much more concise. T$ut as the ^Plenty of Matter render d it difficult to con- tratt the Volume, fb it gave a little Mortification to leave \o much un- touchd behind. T HE Author hasfown his Vn- truths throughout the ^Book with the Fate of the Ttragoris Teeth ; the Falsehoods of one Page are nofooner A- z The PREFACE. vanquiftid, but in the next a new Harvefi of Combatants arises for fre[h Encounter. Notwithstanding all we have [aid on this Occajion, there ivill a plentiful Crop remain to whoever will take the Pains to glean after us. have endeavour d, as much as pofjible> to avoid making our Re- marks on the fame Places, where o- thers have touctid, who have gone before us > but where the ^Ihing^was fo flagrantly fcandalous, as not to be paft over, we thought fit by a new Attack to finijh the ^Defeat. % IN Regard to the Affairs of Scot- land, in which his falfe A$ertions are luxurioufy abundant ; we have dwelt lefs than we fir ft defignd, on that Part of this Hiftory, upon In- formation thatjome Gentlemen of that Country had undertaken this peculiar Pro- The PREFACE. Province, for which they are better qualify d, by being Natives, upon the Spot, and having Acctfs to Records and Regifters ', vut as yet they have not appear d', if they Jhould not think -fit to oblige the World, we have laid J r JT r r j -V7 enough to dijavuje that JMation. 1 T is very evident that Revenge has absolutely guided him thro this Hiftory, that Paffion more predomi- nant than the reft feems to have ani- mated the whole ^Defign, and has fo wrench" d his Reason, and darkened his IJnder (landing^ as to make him lometimes fall into the grofleft Atfur- dities, and mufl convince his Rea- der, that he was a much weaker Man, than the World believd him. ji want of Judgment^ as it may be fome Kind of Excttfe, tho* a very bad one, for Errors and Writing ///, fo it is an Aggravation of the Fault in Writing at The PREFACE at all, when fo unqualify d by Na- ture thro' want of common Temper. HIS Malice to the four ta(k Princes, of a Race, who, if we may believe the Scotch Hiftorians, have govern d him and his Ancestors two thousand Tears, is very unaccounta- ble: This Pafjlonfeems to be fo very unfaiable> as not to be the natural Growth of a Northern Climate, but to have been brought with him from the other Side of the Alps. It is Pity that he took fo long a Journey only to Italianize a Scotch Man, and make no better Improvement. NOT content with the Mi [chiefs that he had done in his Life, he ferns refolvd fo carry his Resentment be- yond the Grave, with a 'Defign to make War in the other World on Vir- tue and Goodnefs. If the Englifh Tongue foould la ft a thousand Tears, he The PREFACE. he is refyonfible for every Reader whom he deceives, debauches, and poifons ', their Crimes influenced by him will be chargd on his Account ; that fuch an Imposition on Poflerity was in* his View, [eems too plain, by his ordering this Pojthumous Work to be publiftid fo many Tears after his 'Death, when he believd that pro- bably mofl would be out of the Wajj who could personally contradict him. This Surprising Conduit feems to fupport his Friends of one Perfwafion in their < Dotrinesof Predeftination, and looks as if this unhappy Man had been ordain d to commit thofe Crimes of which it was impoffible to repent. WE [hall detain the Rtader no longer in this Preface, but only to let him know, that the principal Motive to this Undertaking was the Love cf ^ruth y to make any other Appeals tn The PREFACE. in Regard to the Sincerity of our In- tentions, after the terrible Example in the Treface of his Book, zvould be now both ridiculous and flocking to the Reader. No one can imagine that any per final Pique engagd us to en- counter this ^Author, whom we never had the Honour to fee but once, and that was in the 'Pulpit, perhaps to his Disadvantage ', hoivever, we muft oivn that it has fo far grati- fy d our Curiofity, that if we Jkould live to grow very old, we may be able to tell Pofterity, that theft Eyes have beheld fo prodigious a Man. R EM ARKS REMARKS Hiftorica/and Critical* RUTH, theftrongeft Link of human Society, is not more neceffary in theuniverial Com- merce of Life, than amiable in itfelf. The fublimerl Idea elf. Tl an hale we can hale of the fupreme Being, is to call him the God of Truth ; anci the Imperfection of human Nature can never ib near approach the Divinity, as when we endeavour to imitate this his greater! and mod noble Attribute : It is this which diftin- guifhes Hiftory from Romance, and is fp abfoiutely eiTential in a .Writer, who is tci tranfmit the Tranfa&ions of pail Ages to. Pofterity, that the reverend Author of the Book before us pwns ic himielf in thefe & W.ord> z REMARKS on Words : Tref. /. g. For I reckon a Lie in Hiftory to be as much a greater Sin than a Lie in common < Diftoitrfe J as the one is like to be more lafl'mg and generally known than the ather* . HQW well he has made good this Declaration tirk? following Remarks will convince- the- World, by' Shewing the Reader fucll"an Uninterrupted Series of Untruths as will aftonifh; not Miftakes proceeding from Negligence or human Infirmity, but from a corrupt Defign to impofe on Pofte- rity ; not from Mifinformation or Error of Judgment, but from a deliberate Adi of the Will , what the Logicians call a Volition to do Mifchief, by not only mifreprefenting Matters of Faft, and fetting them in a falfe Light, but pofitive Affertions of feveral things which he muft have known in his Conscience to be abfolutely contrary to Truth; fo that if we may judge by the whole Tenor of the Book, we may ven- ture to affirm, that nothing can equal his Infincerity, but his Malice ; and, if poflible, exceed both, but his Vanity. IT is to be lamented, that this unhappy Author fhould in fome Places fo exceed all Bounds of Decency, and fo atrocioufly out- rage Virtue and Innocence, as to forfeit that Refpecl which is due to his Character, and even extinguifh that Tendernefs, which in good Nature and Charity we owe to the Infirmities of other Men. Gurnet. SUCH is the Man, who, to the eternal Di honour of his Country., has added another Buchanan to the Scottjh Writers, not in Qua- lity of an Hiflorian, but Incendiary ; being as much below that wicked great Man in Erudition, Genius, and Capacity, as he feems to tranfcend him in Difingenuity, Fury, and Refentment. BEFORE we enter into the Matter of the Book, it will be neceflary to make fome Re- marks on his Manner of Writing, eipecially his Hearfay Evidence) which never was., nor never muft be allow'd in Hiftory by the common Confent of Mankind. If fuch a Liberty were permitted, we could make an Anecdote of this Author's Life, with the Stories which daily Converfation fur- nifties, that in Bulk would make a Volume equal to his own ; and if it were not too mean to imitate his Example, and expofe the Conduct of private Life, we could be very merry on this Subject, and entertain the Reader with fome Paffages fo agreeable, as would convince him of his Vigour and Manhood ? as well as Gallantry. A s to his Language, and the Turn of his Periods, they are in fome Places furprizing- ly mean and vulgar ; but there is one Ex- preflion in his Preface, which muft not pafs without a Remark, that is, Thou God B 2 Of 4 REMARKS on of my Life and all my TAercies .! This I am lure is not Englijb, and, as I have been well inform'd, is no Scottictfm ; fo that as thefe Words convey no diitincl: Idea, they are unintelligible, which in plain Englijb is callM Non-fenfe. It is certain there is a Beauty in that Simplicity of Style which he pretends to affed, but could never reach, as well as in the Drefs and Habits of Men ; but there is a Difference between Embroide- ry and Rags, and a certain Mean between a Fop and a downright Sloven ; but he de- fcends fometimes fb very low in his Narra- tion, that I have heard a Story told with a better Grace, and more extemporary Elo- quence in a Chimney-Corner. His atFe&ed Repetition of fome favourite Adverbs, tho 7 they fignify nothing to the Senle, five or fix times in the fame Paragraph, is as fhock- ing in writing, as humming and hawing are in fpeaking : Befides, his conftant Ufe of un- graceful Expletives fhews how little he understood the Beauties of the Englijh Tongue, which perhaps is too redundant in Particles ; but theie, when not abfolute- ly neceflary, are eafily avoided by every judicious and polite Author, who always writes the more correct the better he is bred ; of which laft Qualification the good Biflhop has given us but very few Inftances in this his PofthuJUQus Pertorraance. ONE might have thought that Fury and Revenge, which feem the darling Paflions of his Soul, fhould have animated his Ge- nius, and nVd his Imagination. Archilochum froprlo rabies armavit lambo. But he has the Misfortune to be always moft dull when moft angry, by which he leems to lofe a great deal of his Aim and Defign, which is to make the Reader enter into his Sentiments, by enflaming as well as deceiving him. In this he would have fuc- ceeded better if he had wrapM his Poifon in a more palatable Vehicle, to have made it gone down the glibber ; but his Malice is fo very pointlefs, impotent and blunt, as to carry no Edge, and only tear and haggle the Throat which he would cut. THE firft Remark., we (hall make, is the ill Blood which he carries thro 1 die whole Book againft the Royal Family ,and the Epifcopal Church in Scotland. The very firft time that he mentions the King and Bifhops , even in his Preface, is to let the "World know that they were guilty of very great Errors. This he pretends to have had from his Father, who, he fays him- felf, was a very great Royalirl. The Con- firmation of this we have from a Perfon of B 3 much 6 REMARKS^ much better Credit, who, fince the Publica- tion of this Book, has obliged the World with a fmall Sketch of the Author's Life ; in which he fays, The Father of the Bifhop was a Perfon of inviolable Affe&ion to the King ; and that if he had livM longer,. he would have very much lamented to have feen the ill Conduct, and worfe Prin- ciples, of his Son; fb that it is highly im- probable that Ib virtuous a Man fliould have given him fuch wrong and unjuft Imprefilons of any Body, efpecially his P'rince, to whofe Caufe he was fo zealoufly attached, and to whom he ow'd a Juftice as well as Duty. The next thing worthy Obfervation, is the terrible Character which he gives of his own Country and Religion : For, f. 6. he tells us, The Reformation of Scotland was Popular and Parliamentary $ the Crown was, during this Time, either on the Head of a hie-n who was abfent, w of a King that was an In- fant. During his Minority, Matters were car- cried on by the federal Regents, fo as was moft agreeable to the prevailing Humour of the Na- tion : But when King JAMES came to be of dge> he found two Parties in the Kingdom , the one was of thofe who wffid wdl to the In- tereft of the Queen his Mother, then a Prijoner in England ; thefe were either frofefs'd Pa- pifts, cr Men believd indifferent to all Reli- gion ; the reft were her inveterate Emmies, zealous for a Reformation, and fixt in a Defend- Dependence on the Crown of England, &c. This Dependance on the Crown of Eng- land was certainly, at this Junhire, as treafonably criminal in Scotland^ as in any other Monarchy or Government in the World ; for England was, at this time, as much a foreign Country, in regard to Scot- land, as China ; and every Correfpondence with that Crown was actual Treafon with- out the Privity and Confent of the Prince then reigning. But fuppofing a PofTibiiity of this univerfal Defection, as to Loyalty, is it con- ceivable that the Preaching of fome turbu- lent and fedieious Enthufiafts, in fo fhort a time, fhould fo totally extingifh all Senfe of Honour and Virtue, nay, common Humani- ty, in fb gallant a People as the Scotch Nati- on had been for fo many Ages before ? Shall it be laid that none but Papifts and Atheifts acted like Chriftians, or at leaft were fufcepti- ble of noble and generous Paflions, fo far as to commiferate Beauty and Majefty in Diftrefs, and to have fome Bowels for that perfecuted Innocence, whofe Story filFd all the unprejudic'd Part of Mankind with, as much Indignation as Pity ? LET the Reverend Author fay what he pleafes, I can never believe the Scotch Na- tion fo totally abandon'd, but that there were great Numbers of good Proteftants, ^ r ho, in Obedience to the Precepts of their B 4 holy 8 REMARKS** holy Religion, condemned the Madncfs and Impiety of thofe Times, and {till retained a Senfe of their Duty and Allegiance to their; Prince, with an hearty Abhorrence of that unnatural Rebellion, fo contrary to the po- (itive Commands of God Almighty deliver'^ in the holy Scriptures, THE next Injuftice is a pofitive AfTertion, contrary to all moral Certitude, in which there is as much want of Charity as Aiftb tance. This is a fcandalous Character of the Duke of Lenox ; of whom he lays,/. 6 and 7. They alfo fent a graceful young Man, who, as he was the King's near eft Kinf-, yian by his Father, was of fo agreeable a Temper that he became his Favourite, and was by him made 'Duke of Lenox. He was known to be a Pafiftj tho"* he pre- tended he changed his Religion., and be- came in Profejfion a Troteftant. Thus the Bilhop of Salisbury : We will now fee what 'Archbiihop Sfotfaocdj a Writer of much more undifputed Probity, fays of this Matter, Sfotfw. p.^i^ " Much perplex'd " he was (/. e. the King) with the Reports " of the Duke of Lenox his Death, who " partly thro 7 Grief, partly thro' the long " and troublefome Journey he made in that " cold and rainy Sealbn, contracted a Feyer " at his coming to Taris^ whereof after a ** few Days he died. Some Hours before his Zliflop 23tttmet, 9 W his expiring, there came tq him a Prieft " or two to do their accuftom'd Service, " whom he would not admit, profefling to " die in the Faith of the Church of Scot- " land, and to keep the Oath which he had " given to the King inviolate. This the " King made to be proclaim'd at Edinburgh, " that the People might fee what Wrong the " Duke had fuilain'd, during his Abode in " the Realm, by the uncharitable Sufpici- " ons both of Minifters and others." The Reader will here plainly fee his Difmgenuity in fupprefTmg this Account, which he muft have known ; becaufe he owns himfelf to have read this Hiftory of Sfotjwo^ and which no Body could have doubted, if he had not thought fit to have told us fo. Now, in Contradiction to this Authority, he bold- ly aiTerts that the Duke of Lenox was a Pa- pi ft. What greater Certitude can we have of any Man's Religion, than when in his laft Agony he avows with his expiring Breath that he dies in the fame Opinion which he profefs'd during Life ? And what makes it ftill the more indubitable, is, that he was now in a Popifh Part of the World, where, if he had been of that Perfuafion, there is no room to imagine but he would have died in the Religion of the Country. More ttian all this, here is the Sanction of publick Authority, an At of the Govern- jnent, a Proclamation by the King to declare this io REMARKS otf this Matter to the People. This is fucli a Testimony of a private Subject's Religion, which I believe no Man in Scotland ever had before or fince. After the Notoriety of this Fat, what can we think of an An* thor who has the Confidence, in Contra- di&ionto allthefe Motives of Credibility, thus to affirm that this Nobleman was a Pa- pift ? This is not only the Height of Inju- iHce to the Dead, but an Impofition on the Living, as well as the greateft Arrogance in regard to God Almighty, thus to aflumethe Prerogative of Omnifcience, by daring to enter into the fecret Receiles of Man's Mind. So that after all, as there is no room left for the Poffibility of a Miftake, or Ignorance, we muft charge him with afferting a po- fitive Untruth, contrary to his own Know- ledge and the Convi&ion of his Con- fcience. THI s is the Man, who declares that he cannot do God and the World greater Ser- vice than by publifhing this Book, which he feems to dedicate to the Searcher of all Hearts, by that moft fblemn Appeal which he makes to him as Witnefs of the Truths which he afferts. If thele, and fuch as thefe, are the Services which he has render'd to God Almighty., it is to be hop'd that he heartily repented in his laft Moments j otherwife, without any Breach of Si/hop 20tttntf- ii of Chriftian Charity, we have reafon to be very much afraid, that fpmebody elfe has by this time paid him his Wages. But I will dwell no longer on this Part of his Im- piety; it fills me, as it mutt the Reader, with too much Horror. NOT content to injure private Perfons, he judges with the fame Rafhneis of Prin- ces; he firil charges pofitively King JAMES with writing a Letter to the Pope, and then comes of? with a general Belief of that Matter. The Reader will beft judge of his Charity by his own Words, /. 8. The chief of thefe were Elphinfton, Secretary of State, whom he made Lord Balmeri- noch ; and Seaton, afterwards Chancellor and Earl of Dunfermlin ; by their Means he ftudied to affure the Tapijls that he would connive at them. A Letter was alfo writ to the *Pofe by him, giving Aflurance of this, which ^ when it came to be publijb'd by Bellarmin,, upon the Trofecutions of the Recufants, after the 'Difcovery of the Gunpowder-Tkt , Bal- merinoch did affirm that he, out of Zeal to the King's Service , got his Hand to it, having put it into the Bundle of Papers that were fign'd in courfe, with- out the Kings knowing any thing of it. Tet when that ^Difcovery drew no other Severity ; put the turning him out of Office, U R E M A R K S oo 'Office, and the faffing a Sentence condemning him to die for it, 'which was frefenily pardoned, (and he was, after a Jhort Con- finement, reft or' d to his Liberty} all Men belietfd that the pretended ConfeJJlon of the Secretary was only Qollujlon , to lay the Jealoiijy of the King's favouring fopery, which ftill hung on him, notwith- fianding his writing on the Revelation, and his affecting to enter, on all Occasions, into Contro'verjy, afferting in particular that the Tope was Anticlorift. THE Reader by this Paragraph may judge of the chriftian Temper of the Au- thor, who., notwithftanding the AfTevera- tions of a Perfon under Sentence of Death, will hearken to no Arguments but the Sug- geftions of his own Malice, and with a furprizing Temerity affirm, that the King wrote to the Pope, without giving the leaft good Reafon to fupport the Belief of fuch a Scandal, fo derogatory to the Character of that Prince, who always liv'd a Proteftant, and died a Proteftant, having never own'd any other Religion ; who, as our Author fays himfelf, wrote in Defence of the Reformation, and was in fo ill Terms with his Holinefs, that he endeavour'd to prove him Antichrift. What more certain Evidence can we have of any Man's Religi- qn ? Neverthelefsj it is plain that our Au- thor i/hop tlior would infmuate, and have his Reader believe, that he was a Papiii in his Heart-. After fuch a Violation of all Charity, why- may we not, upon as good Grounds, and with equal Juftice, infmuate that Dr. Bur- net was no Chriftian ? I am fure we fhould have as many believe us. Before I part with this Paragraph, I muft take notice of a very wife Saying in our great Hiftorian, fpeaking of my Lord Balmerinoctfs Crime ; he fays, It drew no other Severity, but to turn him out of Office, and the faffing a, Sentence^ condemning him to die for it. What would our merciral Author have more, except the Power of Man had ex- tended to Soul as well as Body ? This is a moft profound Remark ; if a Frenchman' fhould read this extraordinary Coup d?efprit^ without enquiring into his Country, he would fwear the Author was born in Swif- ferland. But my Lord Balmerinoch was not fut to 'Death y therefore being turn'd out of a great and profitable Poft, and being fen- tenc'd to be hang'd, drawn, and cjuarter'd, was no great Severity in his Opinion. This wicked Secretary was not hang'd y there- fore his Confejjion muft be Collujion^ and the King muft know of the Letter y as if a Prince could not have Companion on a faithful Minifter, who, thro' a rafli and miftaken Zeal, prefum'd without his Leave to ferve him, and yet be guilt lets himfelf. This 14 REMARKS on This is the Bifhop^s Logick, which, vicious as it is, notwithstanding he was a Doctor, is as good as his Divinity* THE Restoration of Epifcopacy in Scot- land was what our Author could never forgive in King JAMES VI. of which he fays thus, /. 9. But tho 3 he Jet up Bijhofs^ he had no Revenues to give them, but what he was to purchafe for them. ^Du- ring his Minority all the Tithes and Church-Lands were vefted in the Crown y but this was only in order to the granting them away to the Men who bore the chief Sway. It is true,, when he came of AgVj according to the Law of Scotland, he faft a general Revocation of all that had been done in his Infancy ; and by this he could have refumed all thofe Grants. Here he acknowledges that the King had in his Power the Choice whether he would have paid the Grantees or no ; he could have reftor'd to the Church thole Tithes and Lands which in his Minority had facrilegioufly been taken away ; but he had the Generofity to give them a valu- able Confideration. This Goodnefs and Bounty he never thinks fit to commend ; but, on the contrary, feems not only to condemn the Manner, but the very De- fign itfelf, by the Reflexions that he makes, /. 10. The King intended to carry on Sifiaf VBmtott 15 on a Conformity in Matters of Religion with England,, and he began to buy from the Grantees many of the Eftates that belonged to the Bijhof Ticks. It was en- acted j that a Form of *Prayer jhould be drawn for Scotland ; and the King was authorized to appoint the Habits in which divine Offices were to be performed. Some of the chief Holidays were ordered to be obfertfd ; the Sacrament was to be re- ceiv'd kneeling, and to be given to the Sick i Confirmation was enacted, as alfo the Ufe of the Crofs in Baptifm. Thefe are fome of the chief Errors in the King and Bifhops, for he mentions no other Ac- tions, viz.. the paying the Grantees the Value of Eftates , to which they had no Right in Law or Equity, the reftoring of the Crofs in Baptifm, and the obliging the People to kneel at the Sacraments. All thefe things muft needs give very great Offence, in a Country where the Gofpei was profeft in the greateft Purity ; fuch an Abomination calls loudly for the fevereft Cenfure from our Author ; it is impoflible that he Ihould pafs all this without giving a fharp Reprimand: Let us fee therefore how he will take his Leave of this Para- graph, /. ibid. Great Oppofaion was made to all thefe Steps, and the whole Force of the Government was ftrain'd to car- ry EkttiQns to theft Meetings, or to 16 R E M A R K S on take off thofe who were chofen., in it was thought no fort of Traffice wa omitted. It was pretended feme were' frighted j and others were corrupted. This is a very heavy Charge on the King, the Church, and Administration in Scot- land : But I mult defire the Reader to take notice, that our Author is not always equally rafh and bold ; fometimes he puts on a little Armour, and fights with Difcretion ; for when he has prepared you to believe what he dares not positively a fert, for fear of Conviction, he often in- trenches himfelf in a Parenthefis, fuch as, it was thought, as it was pretended, &c. This Condud fecures him from a total Defeat, ac- cording to an old Englijh Proverb, which is too mean and vulgar to be quoted. He toes on in the fame Page with further Re- eftions on the Biihops ; of whom he fays, The Bijhofs themfelves did their Tart 'very /"//; they generally grew haughty^ they neglected their Functions _, were of* ten at Court, and loft all Efteem with the ^People ; fome few that were ftrttter, and more learned., did lean fo giojly to Tofery, that the Heat and Violence of the Re~ formation became the Subject of thei? Sermons and 'Difcourfes. This is another Charge on the Bifhops. It is probable that fome of them were Privy- Burner 17 Counfellors, or under other Obligations of attending the Court ; but let their Call be what it will, I make no doubt but my Lord of Sarum was not lefs affiduous at White-hall and St. James's, than the Scotch Bifhops at Holyrood-houfe., when the Hopes of a fatter Biihoprick, efpecially any Profped of a Vacancy in the See of Canter- buryj tempted his Ambition to make his Court; the Difappointment in which Pre- tenfions has made his Refentment againft a certain Prince, his greateft Benefa&or, not unaccountable. I do not doubt, but the Number of Souls in fo large a Diocefe as Salisbury, required his Lordlhip's Atten- dance at home, in I>ifchargeof his Pafto- ral Care, as much as moil: Bifhopricks in Scotland. In the forecited Paragraph, he lets us into the Meaning of what he calls Papifts, or being popiQiiy inclined, with which he charges feveral both in England and Scotland., who could not, with any manner of Juftice^ be accus'd of being in the leaft inclined to that Religion, Upon this Head he ufes a very ihort Method with his Enemies, who were all thofe who were orthodox in their Principles, and attach'd to the ancient and primitive Inftitution of the Church. Thefe he di- ftinguifhes into. Fools, or Knaves; the one under the Denomination of weak Men ; and as for the others, when their C Learn- 18 REMARKS w Learning, or other great Qualities, make that . Charafter abfurd, he immediately dubs them either Papifts, or Atheifts, or inclin'd to Popery ; in which laft Clafs lie reckons the Scotch Bifhops, who were recommendable either for the Striclnefs of their Lives or Learning ; and the Rea- fon which he gives for this Cenfure, was their preaching againft Rebellion, and their condemning the Tumults, Sacrileges, Murders, Treafons, acted under Knox, and the principal Leaders of the People at the time of that great Change of Relig- ion in Scotland, all which Violences have ever been lamented by wife, good, and moderate Men, as having given fo great a Handle to the Enemies of the Proteft- ant Religion, and brought as much Dif- grace, as the contrary Conduct in the Church of England, has done Honour to the Reformation. By this it feems, that the mild, gentle, and legal Methods Prac- tis'd in England, on the fame Occafion, did not fo well fuit with the fiery and turbulent Temper of our Author, who feems in his Religion and Politicks, very much to refemble the Nature of a Por- poife, a kind of Sea-Monfter, who al- ways delights in rough Water, and is fel- dom feen to rife and play but juft before a Tempeft. THUS 19 THUS has he fum'd up the Errors, which he charges on the King and Bifhops ; the chief of which in fhort are, their going too frequently to Court, their condem- ning the horrid Principles of Knox and Buchanan, their introducing a decent Dif- cipline in the Church, and obliging the People to a Pofture of Reverence at the moft tremendous Myftery of the Chriftian Religion ; all which he feems to blame, by falfely affirming that they could not be obtain'd but by indirect and corrupt Means.. Thus we are oblig'd to the profound Sagacity and Penetration of our Author, in difcovering the fecret Springs that gave the firft Movement to thofe momentous Events which follow'd foon after. Thefe Trifles, if they were true, in tlie Opinion of this great Man, are fufficient Caufes to produce and juftify that terrible Sediti- on which rag'd fo many Years in Scot- land * and at laft ripen'd into C1)C ^0* iemrt'A/eague an& Covenant, the Parent of that unnatural Rebellion, which involved two flourishing Kingdoms in Blood and Defolation, deftroy'd the beft of Kings, the eftablifh'd Church, and a Monarchy almoft' as ancient as the Rocks of our Ifland, with all the difmal Calamities which are infeparable from a Civil War, infpirM by the Zeal and Madnefs of a falfe Re- ligion. C \ THE zo REMARKS^ THE next ill grounded Infmuation is- in relation to Prince Henry whofe immature Death he would have you believe was the Effect of Poifon ; for in /. 1 1 . he has thefe Words : Whether his Aver/ion to Topery hajlen'd his T>eath or no, 1 cannot tell ) Colonel Titus affur'd me, that he had from King CHARLES I.'s own Mouth that he was well affur'd that he was foi- Jbri'd by the means of Somerfet. I am very tender of putting any forc'd Conftru&ion on the Meaning of the Au- thor ; nor would I venture to guefs at any Defign he might have, which his Words do not undeniably intimate, if I were not" very apprehenfive of a Snake in the Grafs, and that he has laid a Trap* for his Reader, of which I think myfelf oblig'd to give him Warning, that he may be upon his Guard. I fhould have more Charity for another who had not given the fame Reafon for Sufpicion ; but fmce I have been oblig'd to fludy fo much this Hiftorian, I am perfectly ac- quainted with his little Cunning, that crooked and ferpentine Train of Malice, when he goes round about with a De- fign, at a Diftance, thro' the Sides of one Man to wound another. He feems to infmuate, that if this Prince was poi- fon'd, $ifl>op 21 fon'd, it was upon account of his Aver- fion to Popery: Now Somerfet, whom he mentions,having never been accus'd, even by himfelf, of being favourable to that Re- ligion, is not a very likely Perfon to have perpetrated fuch a Wickednefs on that ac- count. But the Bifhop knew very well, that the Puritans at this time, with their ufual Impudence, in moft virulent Libels, chargM the King himfelf with having made away his Son: Now he was fenfi- ble, if he could but once eftablifh the O- pinion of that Prince's being really poi- fon'd, of courfe a great Part of the Suf- picion would fall upon the King ; for the Belief of which he has prepar'd the Rea- der, by telling him before, that King JAMES fear'd his Son more than he lov'd him. Befides, the Pains which he has all along taken to make the World believe how much that Prince was addicted to Popery, both before and after he came to England, feem to mark him as the moft likely to have made fuch a Sacrifice to his Fear and Bigotry. If this were his Defign, the only way to defeat him, is to prove the Improbability of any Poifon at all being in the Cafe, and to give the Readers fome of the falfe Reafons for this unjuft Surmife, which gave a Handle to the Malice of the Puritans. But firft let us confider his headay Evidence. C 3 whiclx 11 REMARKS on which we are not at all obligM to be- lieve on his bare AfTertion, after the Experience we have had of his Probity. But fuppofe Colonel T'tttis did really tell him fo, it does not follow that King CHARLES I. might not poffibly be mifmform'd or mirtaken. But for once, and no more, we will confront one Heariay with another, which is a Story that formerly was very commonly told, tho' perhaps at prefent the Tradition may be a little worn out, by the Length and greater Diftance of Time : In the Reign of King JAMES I. there was a very eminent Quack, and, if I miftake not, his Name was Butler, a notorious and moft rigid Puritan. This Perfon hap- pening to be prefent when the Body of Prince Henry was open'd, defir'd Leave to try an Experiment ; upon which, taking a Piece of Gold between his Fingers, which he had rubM before with Quicldilver, or fome other mercurial Preparation, he put it into the Prince's Mouth: After it had lain there fome time, the Gold being tak- en out by being difcolour'd, and fome other Marks furpriz'd the Company, and gave a Sufpicion of Poifony but this Im- pofture fome time after being dete&ed, confirm'd the contrary Opinion. This Story, whether true or no. has the Weight * and Sanction of common Tradition, which I look I look upon as good Authority, as the Author's Vouchers in the other World. I fhould not have laid fo much Strefs on this Matter, if the Author had been fpeak- ing of any other Perfon but King JAMES, againft whom he has fo inveterate a Malice, as is evident by the barbarous unjuft Character which he gives of that Prince, who, it is true, had fome Faults ; but on the other hand, he had as many confpicuous Virtuesj which he does not vouchfafe to mention, while with the kit Difingenuity he aggravates his Failings, in Violation of that Equity, which is fo abfblutely eflential to a juft and faithful Hiftorian. THE next Fault he finds with King JAMES, was his Refufal to rufh into a War with the Emperor, on behalf of his Son-in-law the Elector Talatine : He tells us, /. 13. That the Englifh Nation was in- clin'd to fupport itj and it was expected that fo near a Conjunction would have prevailed on the King ; but he had an invincible Aver fan to War\ and was fo pojfefs^d of the Opinion of the divine Right of all Kings , that he could not bear that an elective and limited King^ foould be called in Queflion by his Sub- C 4 ."*fo, 14 REMARKS on j fo that he would never acknow- ledge his Son-in-law King. IN the firft place, we muft confider that the Behaviour of Frederick towards his Father-in-law was fo difrefpectful, in not asking his Advice in a Matter of fb great Confequence ; nay, not fo much as acquainting him with his Refolution to accept the Crown of Bohemia, as might make King JAMES, and not without Rea- fon, the cooler in his Concerns. Yet notwithftanding the Juftice of any Re- fentment which he might have on this Occafion, we find that this Prince left no Stone unturn'd to ferve the Taltf- grave, by Mediations, Treaties, and ad- vantageous Propofals, made to the Houfe of Auflria, in order to reftore him to his Patrimony, thp' he could not in Honour fupport his Pretenfions to the Crown of Bohemia, the PofTeflion of which, had been founded on a Revolt of the Bohemians from their lawful Prince the Emperor. But without any Confi- deration of the divine Right of Kings, as our Author pretends, he had better Reafons to juftify his Conduct ^ his Ex- perience had {hewn him how fatal this Politick in Queen Elizabeth had been to his own Mother. As no Prince would be willing that another Potentate fhould fup- Si/hop 25utnet; 15 fupport the Rebellion of his own Subjects againft himfelf; fo he could not in Pru^ dence, as well as Juftice, do that Injury to another, which might be retaliated on his own Head. But the Argument does not turn on the Point either of Intereft or Safety : There is no Difpute but King JAMES had Inclination to have fupported his Daughter., and her Children ; but the Queftion is, whether or no, by Force of Arms, was lawful in the Sight of God, who has commanded us not to do to a- nother what we would not have done to ourfelvesj there are Laws of Nations, and Rules of common Juftice, to reftrain Princes as well as other Men; it feems that nobleft Precept of Chriftianity had more Weight with the King than the Bifhop, wno ought to have been the better Divine, fo much., as not to have let his Politicks run away with his Re- ligion: But tho' he would not be go- vern'd by his Bible, he might have been inftru&ed in the Cafuiftry of this Cafe by an honeft old Heathen Author, Tully, who in his Offices has very well handled the Cafe of the utile and honeftwn, in which Difcuflion, that Pagan, in Oppofition to fome modern Chriftian Divines, has fairly prov'd that every thing that is profitable is not juft. This is true Mo- rality, tho' contrary to the Opinion of our 26 REMARKS otf our Author, and thofe of his Principles, who by their Practice all along have fo confounded thefe two Notions as to make them convertible Terms, and to fignify one and the fame thing. Befides the Fault of King JAMES, there is one Reafon which he gives for Frederick's Misfortunes, which is lels weighty than di- verting : /. 14. he tells us, ' That his Queen fet up jbme of the gay 'Divcrjions which fhe had been accuflom d to in her Father's Court, as Balls and Masks, which very much difgufled the good Bohe- mians. If Balls and Masks are fufficient to make Princes lofe the Affections of their Subjects, I am afraid that moft of the crownM Heads in Europe are but in an ill Condition at this time of Day. By this Remark of our Author, we may plainly fee that thofe HuJJltes, whom he calls his good Bohemians, ve- ry much refembled, in their Precifenefs, the good Kirk of Scotland. And there is no doubt to be made, if that Prin- cefs had ventured to have introduced Eng- lifh Plumb -broth and Minc'd-Pies, fhe would have given as much Scandal in Bo- hemia, as fuch an enormous Remnant of Popery has often done on the other Side of the Twede. HE Bifhop aeurntt 17 HE renews his Attack upon King James in the next Page 15. Other Circum^ fiances concurred to make King JamesV Reign inglorious: The States having bor- row*d great Sums of Money of Queen Elizabeth, they gave her the Brill and Fluihing, with fome other ^P laces of lefs Note, in *Pawn, till the Money jhould be repaid; ibid. Barnevolt perfwaded the States to redeem the Mortgage, by faying the Money which England had lent, for which thofe *P laces were put into her Hands ; and he came over him- felf to treat about it. King JAMES, who was profufe on his Favourites and Servants, was delighted with the frof- feffi of Jo much Money, and immediate- ly, without calling a Parliament to ad- vife with them about it, he did yield to the Trofofals ; fo the Money was paid, and the Places were evacuated. Here he arraigns a Prince for doing, what if upon any Pretence whatfbever lie had re- fus'd, he muft have violated both his Honour and Confcience. The Reader, I do not doubt, is entirely of my Opinion in this Matter ; fo I fhall make no farther Remarks on this Blunder, by endeavour- ing to prove that Obligation, which every common Pawnbroker would have been afham'd not to have difcharg'd, if no Law had Z8 REMARKS 00 had oblig'd him to fuch a Piece of Juf- tice. Thus we may fee how injudicious Men may be tranfported by Malice to break their own Teeth, with gnawing the Virtues of their Enemies. N o w at laft he brings this Prince to the End of a Reign, which with the laft Inju- ftke, he has made fo black and infamous. He goes on in the fame Tracl of Scandal, and would have you believe that King JAMES was poifon'd as well as Prince Hen- ry, />. IT. Soon after the King was taken ill of forne pits of an Ague, and died of it. My Father was then in London, and did 'very much faff eft an ill Traclice in the Matter y but ferhafs T>r. Craig, my Mo- ther 3 s llncle., who was one of the King's ^hyjiciansj foffefid him with thefe Aff re- hen fions ; for he was difgrafd for faying that he believed the King was foifon'd. Both thefe Notions he infmuates with the fame View, probably to make the Son as wicked as the Father; for it is very well known, that the Puritans made no Scruple to charge not only the Duke of Bucking- ham, but even King Charles himfelf, with having us'd foul Play towards his Father \ and this went fo far as to be brought on the Stage by that Faction in Parliament, tho', to their Confufion, they could make no- tjiing of the Matter, but to convince the World $ijkop aBnrnef*' 19 World of their Malice. So that till we have better Authority, notwthftanding the Opinion of his Father and Uncle, we muft condemn this Story as fcandalous, being on- ly rais'd by the Malice of the Puritans, a Set of Men, who., as it is manifeft by their conftant Conduct, being under no Reftraints of Confcience, have always thought it not only juft, but meritorious, to fay any thing of their Enemies, efpecially when it is to advance their own wicked Defigns, nothing being more plain than that their View in this Forgery was to blacken the Reputation of King CHARLES L by charging him with Paricide: But providentially King JAMES died of a Semitertian Ague, a Diftemper ge- nerally fatal to old Men, and wiiofe Parox- ifms were fo periodical and regular as not pofiibly to be counterfeited by any Art of Poifon ; befides, upon opening the Body there appeared no Marks of Violence., but on the contrary all the Signs of a natural Death. As for what he fays, That it is cer- tain no King could die left lamented, or lefs efteem'd than he was, this is all of a piece with the reft ; he muft undoubtedly mean the Puritans in both Kingdoms ; for it is notorious that the Epifcopal Party, both in Scotland and England, efpecially in the lat- ter, where the eftabliflrd Church confided of the Nobility, Gentry, and the Body of the People, very much regretted the Lofs of 30 R E M A R K S on of tliis Prince. But this is no more, thari what on the fame Occafion, and which I fhall take notice of in its proper Place, he lays of his Grandfon Charles II. whom he has treated after the fame manner, as well as all the Royal Family, whom he worries with a mofr. rabid Fury. AT the fame time that he finds fault with King JAMES for his Averfton to the Puri- tans, he himfelf gives us fuch a Character of thofe People as wouM make all Mankind deteit them ; for, /. 1 7, he fays, The 'Pu- ritans gained Ground as the King and the Bi- /hopf loft it ' y they put on external Appearance f of great Stritfnefs and Gravity; they took more Paint in their Parijhss than thofe who adher d to the Bijhops, and were often preaching againft the Vices of the Court, for which they were fctnetimes punffid, tho very gently. Here, as it is not his Cufrom to praife his Enemies, he does not think fit to commend this Le- nity of the Government, or fhew any Mark of P^efentment againft the Ingratitude of thofe People, who fo abus'd that Goodnefs. He proceeds in a farther Defcription of them, and tells us, They were factious and injblent, and both in their Sermons and 'Prayers were always mixing fevere Reflec- tions on their Enemies. In the fame Page he tells us, They were 'very fpiteful againft all rhofe who differed from them 3 and were want- 31 wanting in no Methods that could procure them good Ufage, or goodPrefents. Of this my Father had great Occafan to fee many Inflames ; for my Great-grandmother, who was a very rich Woman j and much engaged to them, was mofl obfequioujly courted by them. Bruce lirfd concealed in her Houfe for feme Tears ; and they all found fuch Ad- vantages in their Submijjions to her^ that jbe was counted for many Tears the chief Support of that Tarty. Her Name was Rachel Arnot ; Jhe was ^Daughter to Sir John Arnot, a Man in great Favour., and Lord Treasurer 'Deputy ; her Husband Johnfton was the great eft Merchant of that Time, and left her an Eft ate of 2000 1. ^ year to be difpos^d of among her Children. And my Father marrying her eldeft Grand- child, Jaw a great way into the Method of the Puritans. After fo vile a Character, as he has given of thefe People, one would have thought in Prudence he fhould have conceal 'd the Faults of his Family, in being attach'd to Men of fuch ill Principles ; a difcreeter Author would have let the old Gentlewoman have flept quietly in her Grave, without bringing her again on the Stage, by telling the World that {he was fo very weak and filly as to be deluded by fuch hypocritical Mifcreants, and fo criminal, as in Defiance of the Laws, to harbour fuch Wretches in her Houfe, and skreen them, from }z REMARKS on from the Hands of Juftice. But it is to his Vanity that we owe this Story, to let the World know, that one of his Anceftors was Lord Treafurer Deputy, and that another had 2000 /. per Annum : Without this View we had never heard of Mrs. Rachel Arnot y who feems to have communicated to her Posterity, a great Refemblance of her Chap- lains; for whoever will take the Pains to examine ftri&ly her Great-grandfon, will find exactly all the Lineaments of Matter Bruce, and thofe holy Men, whofe Charac- ters he has fo copioufly given, and in which he feems to have drawn his own Picture to the Life : Whether or no our Author ow'd thofe very fame Talents and Qualities to Nature or Art, I know not, if to the laft, the Copy has infinitely tranfcended the Original. N o t content to have laid King JA MES in his Grave, he will not let let him be quiet there ; but before he begins the fucceeding Reign, rallies all his Malice to give one parting Blow. Hitherto he has not dar'd pofitively to accufe him but of common Wickednefs; but now, to take his Leave, he boldly, and without mincing the Mat- ter, peremptorily charges that Prince with the greateft Crime againrr, God and Man, a wilful and premeditated Murder. This is tU.c Affair qr the Earl of Murray, of which he Btttnet 35 he gives this Account, /. 19. Eight Tears before that Time ', King JAMES on a fecret jeatoujy of the Earl of Murray, then e- Jteem'd the handfomeft Man of Scotland, Jet on the Marquefs of Huntley, who was his mortal Enemy, to murder him, and by a Writing, all under his own Hand, he fro- mifed to fave him harmlefs for it. He fet the Houfe in which he was on Fire^ and the Earl flying away, was follow'* d and murder* d> and Huntley fent Gourdon 0/"Bucquey with the News to the- King. Who would not believe in reading this Account, in which he mentions Murray's Beauty and the King's Jealoufy, that this was fome Love Affair, and that the Murder againft which he ex- claims, if he had not told you the Manner, had been committed by Sword or Piftol, or at leaft Poifon in a clandeftine Way ? But let us fee what Archbifhop Sfotjwood fays of this Matter : We muft go back a little way to give the Reader more Light into this Affair, which was a Confpiracy a- gainft the King's Perfon ; of which Arch- bifhop Spotfwood fays thus, p. 386. " Bvthwell is eafily drawn in to conde- " fcend; and the Confpiracy fo order'd, " that he and his Followers fhould, under " Night, be let in at a back Paflage, that " lay thro 1 the Lord Duke's Stables / and " firft that they .fhould feize upon the " Gates, take the Keys from the Porter^ D " and 34 R E M A R K S on " and go afterwards to the King's Cham- " her, and make him fure. This is the Account of the Defign, by which we may fe-2- how necefTary it is for Sovereign Prinpes to have Guards for the Defence of their Perfons, when we find fuch fre- quent Examples of the Kings of Scotland, bei:ig expos'd to the Attempts of a few defperate Men, who have often fucceeded in murdering, or making them Prifoners, even in their own Bed-chambers. The fame Author proceeds to give an Account of the Execution of the Defign. When JjjOtlyy&ellt with his Company, had enter'd " by the Way nam'dj and was come in- " to the inner Court of the Palace, 'James " iJouglas, who minded nothing but the " Relief of his Servants, drew a-N umber to " break open the Doors where they were " detained, and by the Noife thereof, all " in the Palace were put upon their Guard. " The King was then at Supper ; and be- " ing told that armed Men were in the " nether Court, leaving the Rooms where- " in he lodg'd, went up to the Tower, " as a Place .of greater Surety. Both-wll " having directed foine to inclofe the " Chancellor's Lodgings, left he fhould " efcape, made towards the Queen's Rooms, " where he expected to find Entry ; and per- " ceiving all fliut upon him, call'd to " bring Fire. But e'er they cou'd find " any Bijhop " any, Sir James Sandilands, one of his " Majefty's Chamber, who had fijpp'd " without the Palace with a Number of " People of Edinburgh -, entering by the " Church of Holyrood Houfe, did beat " him and his Company from the Doors, " and was in a Poflibility of taking them " all, if there had been any Lights; but " thefe being all extinguifh'd, Bothwell, " with the Principals of his Company, " made, fhift in the Dark, and efcap'd, re- <; turning by the fame Way that he had " enter^T. In his out-going, he was en- " counter'd by a Gentleman of the Equer- " ry, named John Shaw^ whom he kilPd w with a Piftol, yet loft fome nine of his " Followers, Men of fmall Note, who were " executed next Morning. I ha ye been more particular in giving this Account, to fhew the Heinoufnefs of the Crime, with which the Earl of Murray was charg'd; in which Matter Biihop Sfotfwood pro- ceeds, and gives a Relation of his Death, " A 387. The Enterprize thus defeated., " Bothwell went into the North, look- " ing to. be fupply'd by the Earl of Mnr- u r.ay, his Coufm German ; which the ' King fufpecling, Andrew Lord Chil- " try was lent to bring Murray into the u South, on purpofe to work a Reconcile- ;t ment betwixt him and Hunt ley ; but a " Rumour being raisM in the mean while, D a << that 3<5 REMARKS (wi " that the Earl of Murray was feen in " the Palace with Bothwell on the Night " of the Enterprize, the fame was enter- " tain'd by Hunt ley, (who waited then at " Court ) to make him fufpected of the " King; and prevailed) fo far, as he did " purchafe a Commiflion to apprehend and " bring Murray to his Trial. The No- " bleman, not fearing any fuch Courfe " woivd be us'd, was come to T)uny- " brijjlll, a Houfe fituated on the North " of Forth, and belonging to his Mother " tne Lady 'Downe. Hunt ley being ad- vetis'd of his coming, and how he lay " there fecure, accompany'd only with the " Sheriff of Murray, and a few of his own " Retinue, went thither and befet the " Houfe, requiring him to furrender. The " Earl of Murray, refufing to put him- ;< felf into the Hands of his Enemies, " after fome Defence made, in which the c< Sheriff was kill'd, Fire was fet to the : Houfe., and they within, forc'd, by the *' Violence of the Smoak and Flame^ to * come forth. The Earl {laid a great ' Space after the reft, and the Night >c falling down, ventured among his Ene- 4 mies, and breaking thro' the Midft of ' them, did fo far out-run them all, as ' they fuppos'd he had efcap'd ; yet fearch- ' ing among the Rocks, he was difco- ? ver'd by the Tip of his Head-piece, which " had 57 lt had taken Fire before he left the Houfe, " and unmercifully flain. THIS is Sfotfwood\ Account of this Matter, which I have given entire, to prevent any Objections of Partiality, and that the Reader may be the better Judge of the whole Affair. The Truth of this Narration cannot be doubted, the Arch- bifhop of St. Andrews being then on the Spot, and, as it were, an Eye-witnefs of this Matter, which happen'd not long be- fore he wrote, and which fo many living Witnefles could have contradicted, if not true. So that we may venture to fay, that this is the firft time, ever fince there was fuch a thing as Government, that the Death of a Perfon, charg'd with the greateft of Crimes againft the Prince, a Defign on his Perfon, and who not only refus'd to fubmit to the Civil Power, who came with a lawful Authority to apprehend him, but refitted, and kill'd the Sheriff in the Execu- tion of his Office, was ever adjudg'd to be Murder. This will feem the ftranger in England, where the Authority of that Of- ficer is fo facred, that the meaneft of his Bailiffs, upon a Civil Aclion, when the Safety of the Government is unconcern'd, is allow'd to kill any one who {hall refift him in the ferving of a common Writ ; an Inftance of which we had very lately, in D 3 the 38 REM A RK S on the Cafe of Captain Lutterel. But the Ac- count given by the Bifhop of Salisbury, is directly contrary to Truth in every Parti- cular : He (ays., that the King laid hold on the Hatred of Huntley towards Murray, to incite him to the Murder ; and Archbilhop Spotfwood on the other hand, tells us, that the King fent .the Lord O Chiltry into the North, to bring up Murray, in order to a Reconciliation with the Marquefs of Huntley. In the mean while, Information was given of his being concerned with Both- well in the Confpiracy, and actually with him in Perfon at the time of the Enter- prize; upon which the Warrant was given by the King for his Apprehenfion. I cannot in the leaft doubt but the Rea- der is by this time fufficiently fatisfy'd ef the Difingenuity and Injuftice of our Au- thor, in this barbarous Afperfion on the Memory of King JAMES VI. If he had been more candid and fmcere in th^^eft of his Book, this one Story is enough tobkft his Credit, by deftroying all Opinion of his Faith and Probity : This one Inftance is fuf- cient to iliew the Man and his Principles. - Crimtne ab uno. omnes - As it is not eafy to find Words that can ex- prefs a juft Indignation, againft this cruel Treat- 'Bi/hop 25tmtet. 39 Treatment of a crown'd Head in the Grave,^ fo it is not lefs difficult to aflign any reafo- nable Caufe for this extravagant and unac- countable Malice againft this Prince, who was dead at leaft eighteen Years before the Author was born j fo he could have receiv'd no perfonal Injury from King JAMES ; and if any Injuftice had been done to his Ancef- tors, we fhould have heard that with both Ears from our Author, whole Vanity would not let him flip any Occafion of mentioning his Family, to whom one muft otherwife have concluded, that fome great Outrage had been done, that this wicked Prince had confifcated ancf taken away the Effete of 2000 /. per Annum ^ belonging to the great Merchant John- fton-j or _, at leaft, in fome Tranfport of his Luft., had ravilhM good Rachel Arnot. OUR Hiftorian now opens a new Scene under Charles I. whofe Errors he makes as hereditary as his Title ; and as he dwells moft of this Reign., as in the pre- ceding, on the Affairs of Scotland, we find the fame Partiality,' the fame Inju- ftice, the fame wrong Turns., and every thing fet in the fame falfe Light as be- fore; upon all which, if we fhould par- ticularly animadvert., the Obje&ions and Remarks would be as endlefs as the Er- D 4 rors 40 REMARKS on rors and Falfhoods which he would irrir pofe on the World : But with all the Pains that he takes, the Arguments which he ufes to leflen the Character of this Prince, and to make him defer ve his Mis- fortunes, are eafily refuted, by only doing him the Juftice to let the World know., that he was conftantly betray'd, and al- ways, with the Fate of his Family., by thofe under the greateft Obligations of Fidelity. What humane Prudence could fucceed, when thofe, to whole Cuftody was committed the Care of his Perfon, when the very Men who lay in his Bed- chamber took that Opportunity to pick pick his Pockets when afleep, and fend Co* pies of his Letters to his Enemies ? A mo- deft Diftruft of himfelf made him often rely on the Advice of others, whofe Judgment was lefs than his own ; a Fatality, which could hardly be prevented., by the Difficul- ty of rinding many of his Subjects who had rrioreo As molt of his Faults were the Ex.- : treams of his Virtues, the fatal Condefcen- fions that he made to his Parliaments pro- ceeded from the Excellency and Goodnefs of bis Nature, and from the Integrity of a Heart, which defirM fo paflionately to give all manner of Satisfaction to his People, who made fo ill Ufe of that Bounty. But with all his Failings, before he fell into the, Hands of his Enemies, lie had it in his Pow- er Bijhop 25tmtet 41 er to have fav'd both his Life and his Crown, at the Expence of his Confcience ; and not only the King, but his two great Minifters, Straffbrd and Laud^ had all three gone to the Grave with their Heads on their Shoulders, if they would have confented to facrifice the Church, and aboliih Epifcopa- cy. That this was the true and only Quar- rel, is plain by cije ^ofemn Jleague ana CcfoCttatft, in which their is no Complaint of Liberties invaded, but only an impious Engagement to extirpate Prelacy in England ^ Scotland, and Ireland, But without doing this Violence to his Confcience, with all his Faults and Miikkes, both real and imagina- ry, if his Councils had been kept fecret, and his Orders faithfully executed, he would ftill have vanquifh'd his Enemies)., and Eng- land 'have efcap'd the Infamy of that Stroke which no Time can obliterate. We fhould have wanted one Red-letter Day in our Ca- lendar, and fhould not at this time, in the fecond and third Generation, have been ex- piating the Sins of our Fathers : Then the World, which always judges of Men and A&ions only by Succefs, would have feen thofe Virtues in the Sun-fhine of profperous Fortune, which now they cannot difcover thro- 1 the Clouds of Adverfity ; we fhould at this Day with Pleafure be reading his Story, and admiring the King and the Hero, inftead of bewailing the Saint and the Martyr. P. 26. REMARKS 00 P. 26. there is an extraordinary Remark. But the unaccountable Part of the King's Proceeding was, that all this while ^ when he was endeavouring to recover fo great a Tart of the ^Property of Scotland, as the Chunk-Lands and Tithes were., from Men who were not likely to part with them wil- lingly, and when he was going to change the whole Conftitution of that Church and King- dom, he raised no Forces to maintain what he was about to do. By this all People faw the Weaknefs of the Government, at the fame time that tley complained of his Ri- gour. Here our good Author combates a Phantafm of his own raifmg, and falls into his ufual Inconfiftencies and Contradictions of himfelf. What Rigour, what Change of the Conftitution in Church and State can he pofllbly mean ? As to the Government of the Church, the King found it Epifcopal at his Acceflion to the Throne ; and as for the Tithes and Church - lands , he has own'd himfelf before, that they were legally vetted in the Crown, according to the Laws of Scotland,, in the Time of his Father JAMES VI. So here could be no Violation of Pro- perty, in taking that, to which no Body had a Right, but himfelf, according to Law, However, he was fo generous as to pay them the Value of thofe Lands, which was a meer Aft of Bounty. This he confirms in a Page or two before ; where he tells, that the King bought bought the Abbies of Aberbroth and Glaf- gow, with Englijb Money, of the Dukes of Lenox and Hamilton, both which Abbies, he gave to the Church; the one to that of St. Andrews, and the other to Glafgow. Why he mentions that thefe Lands were bought with Enghjh Money we cannot imagine : What it may be in England, the Exporta- tion of fo much Coin, I know not ; but I am confident, that the bringing in fo much good EngliJhMonzyj, was not thought a ve- ry great Crime in Scotland. BY this we may fee how our Author ar- gues ; the giving Lands to the Church., and Money to his Subjects, he calls changing the Conftitution in Church and State. This was the Violation of Property againft which he fo exclaims ; this was the Violence which ought to be fupported by ftanding Troops. If Dr. Burnet had been Minifter to this Prince, we fee what fine Counfel he would have given him. By this political Reflection, we may judge, that the Author was better vers'd in the Maxims of Matchtavel, than the Precepts of the Gofpel. Thus this Re- mark in our great Hiftorian, affects not the Prudence and Conduct of this Prince, who, having no ill Defign., had no occafion for ill Means to fupport his Integrity and Innocence. /. 33. he renews his Character of the Pres- byterian Minifters in Scotland, which can have 44 REMARKS a* have no other EfFeft on the Reader, but to raife his Aftonifhment as well as Indignation, to confider how fuc.h Wretches, as he him- felf defcribes them, fhould have the Influ- ence fo abfolutely to govern the Nobility, Gentry, and common People of one Kingr dom, and infeclt fo great a Part of another. THE Author and his Friends, in Juftificar tion of the Rebellion againft Charles I. have always endeavour'd to make the World be- lieve, that the King was the Aggreflbr, and by his ill Government and Oppreflions forc'd the People to take up Arms in their own De- fence. But he now gives another Account of the Motives, which engag'd the Scots to join with the Englijh in the War, tho' at the fame time he does not, in telling his Story, very much confult the Honour of his Country; for /. 35. he fays thus: When the War broke out in England, the Scots had & great Mind to go into it y the decayed No- bility, the military Men, and the Minifters, sere violently fet on it \ they faw what good Quarters they had in the North of Eng- land. Thus, thro' his Inadvertency, he gives us the true Motives which engaged that wicked People to join in that unnatural War againft the beft of Men and Kings : So that, by his own Confeflion, it is evident, that tlieir true Defign, was to get the unrighteous tylaminon of England, and to wallow in the %iflop JBtmiet. 45 Plunder of a Country fo much better thaa their own ; all which, the Hypocrites var- nifh'd over with the fpecious Pretence of Religion, till they had reduc'd that unfor- tunate Prince to the Neceflity of flinging himfelf into their Arms for Protection; which they had not the Honour, Confcience, nor Juitice, to give him ; but with an execra- ble Perfidy, for a Sum of Money, bafely de- liver'd the Royal Vidim into the Hands of his Englijh Butchers. I N Tage 40, he brings my Lord Antrim upon the Stage, whom he frequently charges with being guilty of very much Bloodfhed; by which the Reader may plainly perceive, that his main Drift is to render both the King and Queen fufpe&ed of being confcious of the Irijh Mailacre, or fome thing very like it ; tho' in one Place he faintly acquits the King, by faying, that he was innocent of that Mattery yet afterwards he takes na imall Pains, by flrong Infmuations, to make his Reader fufped the contrary. But this is his conftant Cunning : When he has a mind to do Mifchief, he Hrft affefts an Air of Impartiality, and pretends to do Juftice; then immediately! afterward he ufes fo many Innuendo!^ and fpends his whole Quiver of Stories in Contradic^i* on to what he laid before ; whereas if he was truly fincere, and had a mind that Truth REMARKS and it was believed, that having no Chil* dren, he fettled his Ejlate on Jermyn Earl of St. AlbanV ; but before he came a- way, he had made a prior Settlement on his Brother. He petitioned the' King to order a Committee of Council to examine the War- rants that he had acted upon. The Earl of Clarendon was for rejecting his 'Petition, G.S containing a high Indignity on the Memo- mory of King CHARLES I. and faid plain- ly, that if any Perfon had pretended to af- frm any fuch thing while they were at Ox- ford, he would either have been feverely punffid for it, or the King would foon have had a .very thin Court ; but it feem 7 d juft to fee what he had to fay for himfelf: So a, Committee was nam*d, of which the Earl of Northumberland was Chief. He produ- ced then fome of the King's Letters ; but they did not come up to a full Proof. In one of them the King wrote, that he had not then Leifure, but referred himfelf to the Queen's Letter, and f aid that was all one as if he had writ himfelf. IJpon this Foun- dation he produced a Series of Letters writ by himfelf to the Queen, in which he gave her an Account of every one of thofe Parti- culars that were laid to his Charge, and Jbew 7 d the Grounds he went on^ and defied REMARKS on *Direttions. To every one of thefe he had Anfwers, ordering him to do as he did. This the Queen-Mother effoufed with the great- efl Zeal, and faid jhe was bound in Honour tofave him. I my fe If was then at Court ^ andfaw a great deal of that Management. As I believe there is no one who has any Knowledge of the World, or the leaft Vene- ration for the Memory of Charles I. will believe this abfurd Story as it is reprefent- ed. I do not doubt but to fhew fuch Im- probabilities as will (hock the Faith of the molt Credulous, tho' never fo much bi- afs'd to the Author. In the firft place, he does not tell us any Particulars, when, how, and where this Blood was fhed: He muft mean the MafTacre, or fomething of' that Nature; for any other Bloodfhed in the Field of Battle, in open War, and by Per- ions acting under a lawful Commiffion., could not be counted fo criminal: If it were otherwife, is it poflible to conceive that the Rump ^Parliament, and afterward * Cromwell, would have let my Lord An- trim have lat quiet for twelve Years, if they could have charg'd him with any thing of that Nature, efpecially when they were tempted by the Confifcation of fo noble an Eftate., on which there was fo great a Dependance and VafTalage ? How abfurd mini it be therefore to believe that my Lord Antrim , who drew his Sword for jftnrnefc 49 for the Crown, upon a Refto ration in th e Year Sixty, fhould want that Indemnity and Pardon, for which he had no Occafi- on under the Ufurpation of forty-eight ? He might have had better Authority for this Story, if true, by recourfe to the Coun- cil-Books. But fuppofmg there Ihould re- main no Minutes of this Matter, there was no need of appealing to the Dead by this double Hearfay; the Author could have given us, a more authentick Account him* felf from his own Knowledge of this Affair j for he fey s, / my felf ' faw a great deal of this Management j for I was then at Court. But this AfTertion muft not pafs without a Remark. If we may believe the Date- of his Birth on his Monument in Clerk- enwell Church, Dr. Gilbert Bur net was born in S eft ember 1643, f that he was but between fixteen and feventeen Years of Age> at the , Restoration in 1660; at which time he affirms that he was at Court, and faw a great deal of the Management of Affairs. Now I appeal to the Con- fcience of the Reader, whether or no it is credible, that fo young, and confequently fo raw a Perfon, at moft but an over- grown School-boy, at this time mean and obfcure, and of a Family by his Mother's Side fo obnoxious, as to be excepted out of that Grace which was extended to the Guilt of a whole Nation, fhould have fo E much 50 REMARKS 0tf much Intereft as to be admitted at Court, let into the Secrets of State, and enter the Cabinet of Princes. I do not in the leaft doubt, but that if a ftricl: Enquiry was made, it would be found that the Au- thor was not yet come to London the Sum- mer of the Reiteration 1 660. But let that be how it will, no Body can believe the laft Part of the Story, that he was let into the Secrets of Queen-Mother at Som- erfet-koufe. This Blunder is fo unaccoun- table, as to make one admire how the Au- thor could poflibly be fo ftupidly carelefs, as not to refleft better on the Circum- ftances of his own Age, before he ventured to impofe fo grofs an Abfurdity on the World. This verifies an old Englijb Pro* verb, by fhewing how neceffary it is for One Sort of Men to have very good Me- mories; By this we may fee, how little we cari rely in other Matters of Fad!:, on the Faith and Veracity of a Man, who fo blindly follows the Di&ates of his Paf- fion at the Expence of his Conference; who, to gratify his Rancour and Malice againft the royal Family, makes no Scru- ple of ftabbing the Memory of an inno- cent Princefs, the Mother and Grandmo- ther to five of his Kings and Queens, whofe Subject he had the Honour to be born, and for whofe fake, if upon no other Account., he ought to have treated with more 51 more Refpeft and JufticCj their common Parent* IN the following Page, he gives us an Account of the Scots Commiflioners, who came to proteft againft putting the King to Death. In this Difpute he gives the Victory to Cromwell over his old Friends and Ac- quaintance the Covenanters. That the Rea- der may the better judge, we will fee the doughty and irrefragable Arguments which gave the Advantage to Cromwett,a.nd which the Doctor feems to admire. /. 42* They be- gan in a heavy languid Style to lay indeed great Load on the King > but they ft ill infifted on that Claufe in the Covenant _, by which they /wore that they would be faithful in the Preservation of his Ma je fly's Perfon. *Upon. this they Jbew'd upon whatTerms, Scotland, as well as the two Houfes, had engagd in the War, and what folemn ^Declarations of their Zeal and ^Dttty to the King they all along publijtfd, which would now appear^ to the %:andal and Reproach of the Chriftian Name, to have beenfalfe Pretences, if when the King was in their Power, they Jhould proceed to Extremities. 'Upon this Crom- well entered into a long ^Difcourfe upon the Nature of Regal Power, according to the Principles of Mariana and Buchanan ; he thought a Breach of Truft in a King ought to be punijtfd more than any other Crime Ti t, what* 52, REMARKS on whatfoever. He faid, as to the Covenant, they /wore to the Prefervation of the Kings Per/on, in ^De fence of the true Religion : If then it appeared that the Settlement of the true Religion was obftrutted by the King, Jo that they could not come at it, but by putting him out of the way, then the Oath could not blind themto the preferring him any longer. He faid alfo, that the Covenant did bind them to bring all Malignant s, Incendiaries, and Enemies to the Caufe, to condign Pnnijh- ment : And was not this to be executed im- partially ? What were all thofe on whom public kjttft ice had been done, efpecially thofe who fufferd for joining cf Montr ofs, but Jmall Offenders acting by Commijfion from the King, who was therefore the Principal, and Jo the moft guilty ? Drumond faid, Cromwell had the better of them at their owti Weapons j and upon their own Princi* pies. The Author was no doubt of Mr. 'Drumond's Opinion, or elle he would have taken notice of the wretched Sophiftry of thefe Arguments, which, weak andfcncon- clufive as they are, feem ftill to be better than any thing that I yet ever faw of Crom- welPsy whofe Speeches are dark and unin- telligible, with very ill Grammar, and often worfe Senfe. We will therefore conclude that they are the Author's own ; and I am very glad to find they are no better. But notwithftanding he gives the Advantage to Crom- -Si/hop 25tttttrt.' J} Cromwell, we will examine a little whether or no with Juftice. Tho' he has thought fit to produce no other Arguments on the Com- mifftoners Side, but the Obligation of their Oath in the Covenant ; that alone was fufrl- cient to reftrain them from offering any Vio- lence to the King's Perfon, whom they had fo folemnly fworn to defend, and which Pro- mife could not be eluded without the vileft Hypocrify and manifeft Perjury. But as for CromwelFs Argument, that they could not come at the Settlement of the true Religion, but by putting the King out of the way, if it were right, as to Reafon and Juftice, it is falfe in Facl: ; for the King had juil before, in the Treaty at the IJle of Wight, contented to eftablilh Presbytery even in England, and Would have done the fame with lefs Reluc- tance in Scotland, where they had been usM before to that Sort of Church Government. As for the Principles drawn from Buchanan and Mariana, they have been confuted by the Voice of God and Man, and fo often baffled by all forts of Writers, Lawyers, as well as Divines, that there is no need of rnedling with that Subject : yet this way of Realbning, abfurd and fallacious as it is, feems to tickle our Author, who might have feen into the Weaknefs of thefe Arguments ; but he could npt extinguifh firft Principles, and diveft himfelf of thpfe Prejudices, which he had fuck'd in with his Mother's Milk 5 E 3 fo 54 R E M A R K S on fo difficult it is, when the Biafs is ftrong., not to let our Reafon and Judgment be car- ried away, by the Torrent of Inclination. THE Author proceeds in the Affairs of Scotland, where at this time, by his own Account, there reign'd fuch a Spirit of En- thufiafm and Faction in the Preachers, as to leave it doubtful, whether the Infolence of the Minifters, or the Tamenefs of the State in fuffering fuch Indignities, were greater. And now he brings CHARLES I. to the laft Scene of his Life, in which there was fomewhat fo chriftian, fo heroick, fo be- yond all Example furprizing, as to extort, e- ven from the Difingenuity of the Author, a ConfefHon of that Greatnefs in the Man, which he had all along before deny'd to the Character of the Prince. I muft be fo jtift to the Bifhop, as to obferve that he has treated Archbifhop Laud, and my Lord Str afford., when in the fame Circumftances, with the fame Generofity. My Lord Montr ofs alfo taft- ed a little of his Favour only by being hang'd ; as if the Pleafure and SatistaclioiP of hav- ing brought his Enemies to the Gallows, had vanquifh'd his Spleen, and put him enough in good Humour % to do a little Juftice at laft. All this is the Effeft of his Cunning, and not from any Goodnefs in his Nature, by this diflembled Air of Impartiality, to make his Reader the more eafily" 26urnet. 55 eafily believe all he has faid to their Pre^ judice before. THE Arrival of CHARLES II. in Scotland, after the Treaty of Breda, has given the Author an Opportunity to paint the Cove- nanters in their proper Colours ; but what is furprizing, is, after the unaccountable Treatment of that Prince among them, even by his own Confeflion, that he fhould afterwards blame and be angry with him, for having no very great Kindnefs for a fort of Men, who had loaded him with fo many Indignities. And what is ftill more inconfiftent, is, that the very fame Perfons, whom in their publick Capacity, and by their Aftions, he has made" un- worthy the Name of Men, when he comes to give their particular Characters, are all his Saints and his Heroes. TH E Author having now buried the King, the Monarchy, and the Church, proceeds to the Funeral of his own Country, which he feems to mention not only with Unconcern, but a Pleafure very unbecoming a Scotfman, f. 61. There was a confiderable Force of about 7 or 8000 Men keft in Scotland: Thofe were paid ex attly., and ftriftly difci- flitfd. The Pay of the Army brought fo much Money into the Kingdom, that it con- finned, all that 'while in a very jlottri/h ing E 4 State. 5<5 REMARKS on State. Cromwell built three Citadels, at Leith, Air, and Invernefs, befides many lit- tle Forts. There iv as good jfttftice done, and Vice was fupprefs'd and puniflfd. So that we always reckon thofe eight Tears of 'Vfur- f at ion a Time of great Teace and r offer i- ty. This is the Account which the Do who for fo many Ages defended their Freedom; and, under all the Difadvantages of Climate, Soil, and Situation, without any other Fund but their perfonal Valour and Virtue, refilled fo long the Riches and Power of England-, who, tho 7 over-run for a time, always re- cover'd their LofTes at laft ; and in their Turn not only repelFdj but often defeated, purfu'd. 58 REMARKS 0# purfuM, and at his own Door infulted the infolentViclor. I will fay no more, but leave him to the Correction of his own Coun- try-men, who, if they have any of that old and generous Blood in their Veins, will find it all flufh in their Cheeks, and feel a Pulfation in every Artery at the mention of fuch a Reproach. . 64. he firft mentions Doctor Sharp ^ af- terward Archbifhop of St. Andrews. A- gainft this reverend and worthy Prelate, the Author feems to have a moft inveterate and implacable Malice ; for he treats him all a- long, not only with the laft Injuftice, but Fury ; in Violation of that Humility which Is effential to a good Clergyman, the good Manners infeparable from a Gentleman, and that Charity ib abfolutely neceffary to every Chriftian. Of this great and good Man, he tells us a fecond-hand fcandalous Story, which he pretends to have from Bifhop JVilkinSj f.6^. ^Dpon this Vfilkinsjpofte to Sharp., that it was plain by their Breach, that 'Presbytery could not be managed fo as to maintain Order among them> and that an Epifcopacy mufl be brought in to fettle them ; but Sharp could not bear the TDifcourfe^ and rejected it with Horror. Here is another hearfay Evidence, which no Man can con- tradict to a Confutation without raiflng the Dead. This is fueh an Invention in Wri- ffittfttft 59 ting, as will Tap the Foundation of all Cre- dit, and open a Door to a Torrent of Scan- dal, whenever an Author, under no Re- ftraint of Honour and Confcience, will let loofe the Reins to his Malice, and follow the Dictates of his reigning Pallion. This is a Method as much againft the Laws of Hiftory, after this manner to afTaflinate a Man's Reputation, where there can be no Defence, as Dark-lanthorns and Stilettoes are unlawful Weapons to attack his Perfon. In this Cafe there is nothing to be dane, but to refer the Reader to the general Cha- racter of the Man, and fairly leave him to his own Opinion, whether he will believe the Accufer, or the accufed. Dr. Sharp liv'd in a time when Epifcopacy was depos'd, and Presbytery the reigning and eftabliflh'd Religion in Scotland, which is an excufe for being of that Miniftry, tho', in his Judgment, it is more than probable, that he had a better Opinion of the old pri- mitive Government of the Church. As the Kirk then was divided into two Factions, he chofe the Party of the Refolutioners, which were the more moderate Men, and not di aftected to the King and regal Government; whereas the Protefters were in a ftrict Alli- ance with the republican Sectaries in Eng- land. This makes it improbable, that Dr. Sharp; who was a Royalift in his Heart, Ihpuld have fuch an Averfion to an Order, REMARKS^ of which lie was afterwards fo great an Or- nament, as well as Support, and who could not but know, that the Crown and the Mitre were fo interwoven as always to fupport one another. The Cafe being thus, If Dr. Sharp was innocent of what is laid to his Charge, which is more than probable, the Scandal muft lie between Dr, Bur nek and Dr. W'tlkms ; but the laft being re ft us in Curia, is to be preferred in the good O- pinion of the World before the other, whom we have already fo often convicted of wilful Untruth. Befides, if the thing were true, there are fome Grains of Allowance for hu- man Prudence, in not being too open be- fore a Man, who had married the Sifter of Oliver Cromwell. AFTER having fhew'd fome DiiTatisfac- tion, that Cromwell refus'd the Kingfhip, becaule our Author believ'd that it would e- ternally have fhutthe Door againftany Hope of a Reftoration, he falls foul upon the Ca- valiers, whom he ieems to charge with Hypocrify, for ftriking in with the Repub- lican Party againft that Ufurper, /. 79. They were then all zealous Commonwealth Men, according to the 'Dirfffions fent them from thofe about the King. Their Bufinefs was to offofe Cromwell on all his 'De- mands ; and Jo to weaken him at home, and exfofe him abroad. When fome of the 3ifhof Gurnet. 61 the other Tarty took notice of this great Change ', from being the Abettors of Pre- rogative to become the Patrons of Lib- erty, they pretended their Education in the Court., dnd their Obligation to it had en~ gag'd them that way ; but now fince that was out efDoorSj they had the common 'Principles- of humane Nature and the Love of Liberty, By this means, as the old Re- publicans ajjlfted and protected them, fo at the fame time they ftrengthetfd the Fatfi~ on avainfl Cromwell. But thefe very Men- at the Re ft oration Jhook off this *Difguife, and reverted to their old 'Principles., for a high 'Prerogative and abfolute 'Power: they faid they were for Liberty, when it was a Mean to diftrefs one who they thought had no Right to govern ; but when the Go- vernment returned to its old Channel, they were jlill as firm to all prerogative Notions y and as great Enemies to Liberty as ever. HERE the Author, under a Colour of re- fiefting on the Cavaliers, has pull'd ofF the Mask, and plainly fhew'd us his Principles : He calls being a Republican, to have the Principles of human Nature ; and makes the Prerogative of the Crown and th Liber- ties of the People, inconfiftent in themfelves. But if the Doftor, with the fame Applica- tion, had ftudied our own Constitution, as well as that of Geneva and Swifter land, he might dl REMARKS^ might have feen, without Spectacles, the Bounds which the Laws have fet to both j and that the fame Authority or Sanction, which gives the People their Right, entitles the King to his. So that without any Contradiction, the Cavaliers might have re- tain'd the Principles of human Nature with a Love of Liberty, and at the fame time have aflerted the King's juft and legal Prerogative* By this it is plain, that the Bifhop of Salisbury was no more a Friend to the Monarchy, to the Conftitution in the State, than in the Church of England* THIS was certainly a very innocent Difll- mulation ; and if the Author had never been guilty of a worfe, he would not have had Mankind in Arms againft him to detect his Forgeries^ Nothing can be more unrea- fonable, than to call the Conduct of the Cavaliers in this Point Hypocrify and Pre- varication, the making ufe of one Tyrant to deftroy another ; ^s if an honeft Man being robb'd by two Thieves, who Ihould quarrel in fharing the Booty, were not at Liberty to take Part with the one, in order to de- ftroy and recover his Money from both. The Cafes are fo parallel, as muft convince the Reader that our good Author fometimes nods, and is often as weak, as he is always malicious. 'Bi/h>p Gurnet. 65 FROM abufing the honeft Party in Eng- land, he proceeds to a national Refleftion, in which he fhews as much Ignorance, as Injuftice. Speaking of the Irtjb who fol- io w'd the Fortunes of King CHARLES II. in Exile, he fays thus, p. 73. They alfo fet- tled a Toy for fuch of the Subjects of the three Kingdoms as would come and fer*u under our Princes ; but few came., except from Ireland. Of thefe fome Regiments iv ere formed, but tho 3 this gave them a great and lafting Inter eft in our Court, efpe- c i ally in King JAMES'J, they did not, much deferve it. Here the Author would run the Rilque of being rather thought ignorant, than not gratify his Malice ; for if he had read the Hiftory of thofe Wars in Flanders., he would have found that thofe very Irijh Troops fo diftinguifh'd themfelves, as to ac- quire a very great Reputation abroad^ efpe- cially in the Spanijh Service. P. 77, he tells us feveral Stories which he had from one Stoupe, a Sivifs, who feems to have furnifh'd the Author with moft of his Intelligences relating to thefe Times. Among others, he gives you a long Detail of a Plot, how an Irijbman was fen trover from Flanders to alfaflinate Cromwell-, and that he lodg'd in King-ftreet, Weftminjler -, but that Thurloe defpis'd the Intelligence, and would R E M A R K S on would not fo much as fearch for the Man. P. 77. A few Weeks after v, SyndercombV *Defign of ajfafflnatmg Cromwell near Brent- ford, as he was going to Hampton-Court, was diftover*d. When he was examined, it appeared that he was the Terjbn fet out in, the Letters from Bruflels; So Utfiz faid to Cromwell, this is the 'very Man of whom Stoupe had the Notice given him. Either Stoupe impos'd on the Author, or elfe the Author miftook this Plot for fome other, or invented the Story himfelf ; for the Ac- count which he has given cannot be true, In the firft place, Miles Syndercomb was no Irijhmanj being born at Bafingftoke'm Hampshire : He was never in Flanders., but was broke in Scotland, and turn'd Out of the Army for DifafFe&ion to Cromwell :, He was an Anabaptift by Profeffion, a zea- lous Sectary, and a mortal Enemy to the King and monarchical Government : His Quarrel to Cromwell, was his having de* pos'd the Rump, and ufurp'd the Power in a fingle Peribn. How all this agrees xvith the Author's Account, of an /- rijhman fent over by the Cavaliers from Flanders, let the Reader judge. As in this Affair the Author has no Intereft to ferve, no Malice or Paflion to gratify, we will for once have the Charity, to believe that he was only miftaken, without any wilful Defign of perverting the Truth. As this Story Bifiop (55 Story is a Matter of iio Confequence, I have only mentioned it,, to fhew how lit- tle we can depend on his hearfay Narra- tive, which he takes upon Truft, often charges the Circumftances on his Memo- ry, which being fometimes deficient, he fupplies the reft with his own fruitful In- vention, and patches a Story together only to amufe his Reader. AFTER this, he concludes the Hiftory of Cromwell\ Reign with too favourable Sen- timents for that Ufurper, whofe true Cha- racter has been often given with more In- tegrity by jufter Hiftcrians, fo as to leave it an unneceiTary Task to difabufe the Rea- der. I (hall only therefore take notice of one Quality which he gives him : This is his Zeal for the Proteftant Religion ; .of which we muft fay, that the Author did not well confider, that he made no great Compliment to any Religion by giving it nd better a Patron. In the firft Place> we may affirm, that if he did not counterfeit his Enthufiafm, he was a Madman ; and if it was all fictitious, only to ferve his Ends^ he muft not only be a Knave and a Hy- pocrite, but a downright Atheift: So that after all, it will be very difficult to con- eeivq that fo wicked a Man fhould really^ at bottom, have more Concern for one Denomination of ChrirHans than another 5 F for 66 REMARKS** for if we may judge of Men by their Actions, he feems as well to have extin- guifrTd all Light of natural Religion, as to nave fet at Defiance, and trampled under foot the very Moral and Precepts of reveaPd. HE finifhes this Scene of Cromwell,, by telling us how formidable he was to his Neighbours abroad. This -he does not only to do Honour to that favourite Tyrant, but to leflen the Character, and give a mean Opinion of King CHARLES II. Upon this Account, he tells the following Story : That King CHARLES upbraiding Borelj the ^Dutch EmbafTador, with his Mafters harbouring the Englijb Rebels in their Country, was anfwer'd, that it was a Max- im of their State, to protect all who fled to them. Upon this, the King with fome Emotion told him, how in that Refpeft they had us'd himfelf and his Brothers, at the Inftance of Cromwell. Upon which, the poor fimple 'Dutch Man reply 'd, p. 81. "Ah Sire! c'etoit une autre chofe; " Cromwell etoit un Grand Homme, & " il fe faifoit craindre & par Terre & par " Mer. This was rough . The King y s Anfaer " was, Je me ferai craindre aufll a mon " Tour. But he was fcarce fo good as his Word. " This is a fly and invidious Re- fletion on the Weaknefs of King CHARLES. But the Author very well knew the true Rea- Biftop SttOtCf. 67 Reafon why that Prince was not as good as his Word upon that Occafion : This wa$ owing to the Friends of the good 3ifhop, who raisM fuch a Clamour againft the T)utch War, encourag'd the Enemy by their Seditions at home, conftantly gave them Intelligence, and with Englijb Pilots con- ducted them into our Harbours, to burn and deftroy the Fleet of their own Coun- try. Such is the Inconfiftency of this Man, who has all along condemn'd the Court of England for making that War at all, tho"* now he lays hold on this Occafion to in- fult Kiag CHARLES, and render him little, for not making his Enemies lefs. He now ridicules him for not humbling that Com- monwealth, by reducing their naval Powerj and derh'oying their Fleets, when ano- ther time he condemns him for taking one bf their Buffes; AND now he approaches the Rcftorati- on, a Blefiing that flicks in his Gizzard, at which not daring openly to repine, he vents all his Spleen on the happy Inftru- ment of that glorious Revolution; for after having enumerated all the previous Steps that were taken in that Affair, the ConduQ: and Management of which he very much magnifies, without naming the only Perlbn who could pofTibly have con- certed thofd. Matters, at laft he plainly tells F ^ us, 68 REMARKS on us, /. 87. This was managed with great ^Diligence and Skill, and by this Conduct it was that the great Turn was brought about without the leaft Tumult or Blood/bed., which was beyond what any Terfon could have imagin d. Of all this Monk had both the Traife and the Reward, tho* I have been told a very fmall Share of it belonged to him. The Difingenuity, Par- tiality, and Malice of this AlTertion are fo Very vifible, that I need not take any Pains to convince the Reader; every Man in England, who can read, is a competent Judge of this Matter. For farther Satisfac- tion, I refer him to the Life of that great Man lately publifh'd. This is fo very ab- furd, that the Author might as well have deny'd that there ever was fuch a Man as General Monk, as to fay that he was not the immediate Inftrument in the Re- ftoration. I fhall only juft tell the Reader, that the very Nature of the thing be- fpeaks itfelf; for, as it was the Army that \vas the only Obiiacle to the Nation's Set- \ tlement and Happinefs, there was nothing to be done, but, by modelling that Body of Men, make them fubfervient to thole very Ends which none befides themfelves could impeach. This was managed with fo great Addrefs and Prudence in Scotland^ that the Se&aries, and rigid Republicans, were by degrees cafhier'd, and more mod- I erate erate Men fubftituted in their Places. This could be done by none but the General himfelf, who had at that time the abfo- lute Command in Scotland. This enabled that great Man to march into England, and to purfue his Defign of making the military Power fubfervient to the Civil, a Declararation fo plaufible and popular, as to meet with univerfal Reception. His Addrefs afterwards, in perfwading the Rump Parliament to diflodge the difaffe&ed Troops at London^ and fend them into remoter Quarters, to make room for his own, on whom he could depend, enabled him to execute any Defign he might have afterwards. No Body can imagine that at this time, notwithstanding his constant Affection to the King, and the good Blood in his Veins, that he could be fo languine as to entertain any great Hopes, or form any Defign of a Restoration. However, by thefe previous Methods he had put him" felf into a Condition, upon the unexpected Incidents which fell out afterward, to ih'ike in with the Torrent of the peo- ple's Inclinations, and gratify his own, by compaffing that ftupendous Change, of which we have feen the illuftrious Aur thor treated with fuch bafe Ingratitude, by the moft unjuft and partial of Wri- ters, who had too mortal an Ayerfion to the King, and the royal Family, ever to F 3 forgive 70 R E M A R K S on forgive the propitious Inftrument of their Reftoration. THE Author could not but have con- fider'd, that without this great Event he had never been Bifhop of Salisbury. As this Refle&ion is fo obvious, it is very plain that his Malice and Refentment were the ftrongeft of his Paffions, ip as, when it came to a Competition, even to tranf- cend his Ambition and Avarice. If the Reftoration had not happened, the Author would have had lels Guilt with lefs Pre- ferment. A more obfcure and meaner Scene of Life, a Country Cure of 8 or 900 Marks per Annum in Scotland, could not have furnifh'd him with Opportunity and Materials to have done much Mjfchief: The making Feuds in fo narrow a Circle as private Families ; or, at moil, now and then fetting a General-AlTembly together by the Ears, would have been the high- eft Stretch of his Ambition and Politicks, As this would have been all that he could pofTibly have done in fuch Circumltances, to have gratify'd his turbulent Temper, it would have been lefs fatal than what we have feen him perform; his blowing the Coals of Sedition in the Reign of King CHARLES II. his intriguing in Courts, and difturbing the publick Repoie of Nations. BBFOXB 71 BEFORE becomes to the Reftoration, he would give us an Account why the Re- publicans and Sectaries, at this Crifis, made ib little Oppofition to a Turn of State which muft infallibly be their Ruin: Of which he lays thus, /. 87. " Enthufiafm was now languid j for that owing its me- chanical force to the Livelinefs of the Blood and Sfirits, Men in *Diforder, and depreffd., could not raife in themfelves thofe Heats with which they were wont to tranffort both them/elves and others, If this Philofophy be true, I would ask one Queftion, why the French Prophets in our Days, and his own mad Countrymen in Forty -one, when they had fome extraor- dinary Gambols to play in the Pulpit, to heighten their Enthufiafm, and to enable them to fliew a greater Effufion of Spirit, always prepar'd th eir Bodies by failing, which muft depauperate the Blood, and confequently leflen the Quantity of Spir- its? The conftant Succefs of this Method at that Time feems to contradid the lear- ned Author's mechanical Solution of Enr thufiafm. HE is very angry that King CHARLES was not bound Hand and Foot, />. 88. Such Unanimity af feared in their 'Proceed- ings, that there was not the leaft *Dif- fttte among th?m, but upon one fingle 4 Point; yi R E M A R K S on ''Point ) yet that was a very important one, Hale, afterwards the famous Chief Jujtice^ morfd that a, Committee might be af poin- ted to look into the 'Proportions that had been made, and the Concejjions that had been offered by the late King, during the War y particularly at the Treaty ^/"Newport ; that from thence they might digefl fuch Propo- Jttions as they fhould think ft to be fent over to the King. In the next Page, he lays, to the King's coming in without Conditions., may be well imputed all the Errors of his Reign. It is no Wonder that this Propo- fal fhould come from a Perfon, who, with all his Sanftity made no Scruple to fit as one of Cromwell's Judges, and fentence his Fellow - Subjects to Death, by a Commiflion from a Tyrant, who had murder'd his Prince, and by Violence had made himfelf Mafter of his Country. But where was the Neceflity of thus fettering CHARLES II. more than any of his Pre- deceffors at their Acceilion to the Throne ? An AQ: of Oblivion having covered all that was paft, at this time, the Cafe was the fame, as if there never had been any Troubles, or Civil Wars, and the King had fucceeded peaceably upon a natural De- mife of his Father. If the Treaty at the IJle of Wight was to have been the Bafis of the new 'Patta Convent a with the Kiiig, he had better have ftaid where he was, and astirnct 7$ and wanted a Dinner at Brttffels, than have accepted a Crown on liich wretched Conditions; Conditions fo inhuman, as made little Difference between the Com- miflioners at Newfort, and the King's Judges in Weftminfter-Hall. The firft would have ftript him of every Preroga- tive, after they had rob'd him of what was more dear, his Honour and Confcience. The Regicides, indeed, a&ed more bare- fac'd, with greater Impudence, but lels Hypocrify. The one would have made him too wretched to live with common Comfort, while the other more kindly put an end to his Pain. R E M A R K s &&*z*i?*!e*iS3ex?!iSS>s&&x^ REMARKS Hiftorical and Critical : BOOK If. IE begins this Book with another Stroak at Dr. Sharp ; no Paufe or Interruption can make him forget his Malice. *P. 92. As foon as it was fix'd that the King was to be refold., a great many went over to make their Court. Among thefe^ Sharp, who was employed by the Refolutionersj was one. P. ibid. As he had obferv*d very carefully the Succefs of MonkV folemn Trofeffatiotis againfl the Kings and for a Commonwealth _, it Jlems., he was fo pleased with the Original., that he was refold d to copy after it^ without letting himfelf be diverted with Scruples ; for he flitck neither at folemn Troteftati- ons, REMARKS on Bp. V&ttXOtt 7 J ens j both by Word of Mouth and by Let- ters (of which I have fe en many T } roofs} nor at Appeals to God of his Sincerity in acting for the Presbyterians, both in 'Pray- ers,, and on other Occasions., joining with thefe many dreadful Imprecations on him- if he prevaricated. HERE the Author lays about him like a Dragon, and kills two Birds with one Stone. This is a moft terrible Charge of Hypocrify, Diflimulation, and Perjury, both on the General, and the Doftor. We will firft put the Affair of General Monk in a true Light. If this great Man was the Villain which he reprefents, it muft be for reftoring the King ; and confequently the AHon itfelf be evil. This he has not had the AiTurance yet pofitively to affirm, ex- cept it is to be iound in the Sheets, which the Prudence 1 of his Executors have thought uniit to fee the Light, notwithftanding their Proteftations to the Pubiick, that the Copy is perfect ; a Piece of Difingenuity which cannot be juftifkd ; for whatever they have ras'd, or omitted, fince the Death of the Au- thor, can be no Aft of his, and confequently the Copy not genuine. But to return from this Digreflion : When General Monk came to London, the Parliament was under a Vio- lence from the Army, who long before had fecluded the greateft and nobieft Part of REMARKS 0* of their Members, whom they kept by Force from the Houfe ; nor were they re- ftrain'd within any Bounds of Duty and SubmiiTion to the Rump, whom they had lately infulted before. This had occafion'd the General's March with his Troops from Scotland^ according to his Declaration of making the Military Power fubfervient to the Civil. On the Performance of this Pro- mife, the fecluded Members moft ftrenu- oufly infifted, by urging that his Declara- tion could not be made good, but by their Re-admiflTion, who were the moft confide- rable Part of the fame Parliament, for whom he had declared, and had been ejected by a military Violence. Upon which, to put an End to thefe Confufions, at the repeated Requefts of the City, a Majority of the Par- liament, the Nobility and Gentry ; in fhort, to comply with the Voice of the People, he conlented that the f educed Members fhould take their Seats again ; which was the only Method to reftore the Dignity of Parliament , and the Face of an Houfe , whofe Honour had been fo proftituted by the Violence and ill Conduct of the Rump % who were now grown fo.very fcandalous, that they were not more hated, than uni- verfally defpis'd by the People. The fe- cluded Members dillblv'd themfelves, after having imi'd out Writs to call a Conven- tion, which Convention reftor'd the King and 77 and the ancient Government. ^ .Now after this, where was the great Treachery in Ge- neral Monk, who obey'd them as long as they had the Power, even in their moft vio- lent Commands ? After they had by a voluntary Aft determin'd their own Au- thority, there was an End of the Common- wealth. So that the General, as well as others, was at an intire Liberty to enter into any new Scheme in the following Con- vention, which might be moft condu- cive to the publick Good, and the Inclina- tions of the People. As to his Tranfa&i- ons with the King and his Friends, they were all negotiated, after that the Perfons, to whom he could poflibly lye under any feeming Obligation of Fidelity on Account of his CommifTion, had voluntarily divefted themfelves of their Power, and were now no more. All thefe fcandalous Infinuations of General Monk, he has borrow'd from Ludlow's Memoirs : Never were two Hifto- rians better matched than Burnet and Lud- low, that Mifcreant who declares it an Ho- nour to have been one of the King's Jud- ges. will now return to Dr. Sharf, a- gainft whom the Author's Invectives are equally unjuft. It is true, he was a Tres- byterian; when there was no better a Re- ligion in his Country, and an Agent to the R E M AR K S on the moderate Party of that Perfuafion, to whom he was faithful, while he was em- ploy'd and intrufted by them ; but it does not follow from thence, that a Man may not change his Opinion about Church-Go- vernment : But he betray'd no Body ; for in the Year 1660, long before Epifcopacy was refettled in Scotland, he had quitted his Agency, refign'd his Truft, and had no more to do with them : So that he was free, when the Legislature thought fit to change the Government of the Church, to accept a Biflhoprick, which Truft he difcharg'd with Honour and Fidelity, with a Piety not infe- rior to the Dignity of his Station, which he eminently fill'd, adorned, and fupported by a zealous Attachment to the Service of thole Altars he had fworn to defend. IF the Reader would fee the Reverfe of this Picture, let him look upon the Author, who has thus revil'd this good Prelate. This unhappy Man, tho 1 a Presbyterian in his Heart, if of any Religion, accepted a Bifhop- rick, without ever changing his Principles or Opinion, and made no Scruple of Confci- ence to enjoy the Revenues of that Church, whofe Difcipline he diflik'd, whofe Faith he oppungn'd, whofe Interefts he would have betrayed, and given up to her Schif- maticks, while at the fame time he was eating her Bread. This is the Man, who is 79 is fo very angry with Dr. Sharp., for accep- ting the Arch-Bifhoprick of St. Andrews. If fuch a Change fhould have happen'd in England ; if the Legiflature fhould have thought fit, in his Time, to have reduc'd the Form and Difcipline of the Church of England to that of Geneva , there is no Body can doubt, hut he would loon have forgot his tall Steeple at Salisbury ; and, allowing the fame Revenue, with greater Pleafure and Vehemence have thump'd a Cufhion in that Congregation, we now call a Conventicle. THE Bifhop has no fooner open'd the Scene of the Reftoration, which he calls auguft and fplendid, but he immediately ipoils his Compliment, by endeavouring to paint thofe happy Davs in the blackeft Co- lours : He furioufly falls foul on the Li- centioufnefs of the Court, which, he fays, open'd a Door to all Impiety and Irreli- gion; T. 92. With the Reftoration of the King; a Spirit of extravagant Joy fpread over the Nation., that brought on with it the throwing off the very Trofejfions of Virtue and 'Piety : All ended in Entertain- ments and ^Drunkennefs , which over-run the three Kingdoms to fuch a ^Degree, that it very much corrupted all their Morals. IJndsr the Colour of drinking the King's Health, there were great e Diforders J and much 80 R E M A R K S on much Riot every where. And the 'Preten- ces of Religion j both in thofe of the hypo- critical Sortj and of the more honeft., but no lefs pernicious Enthufiaftsj gave great Advantages j as well as they furmflfd much Matter, to the prophane Mockers of true ^Pzety. Thofe, who had been concerned in the former Tr an factions, thought they could not redeem them/elves from the Cenfures and Jealoufas that thofe brought on them, by any Method, that was more fure and more eajy, than by going into the Stream, and laughing at all Religion ; telling or ma- king Stories to expofe both themfelves and their 'Party as impious and ridiculous. IN this malicious Paragraph, the Author gives us another Sketch of his Knowledge. If he had read our Hiftories, he would have found that Drunkennefs was no new Vice in England at the Reftoration, but much more common among our Ancestors than ourfelves , being introduc'd by the c Danes J who firft debauch'd the Saxons,, till that Time, in refpeft to Drinking, a temperate People. The Normans j who had IJvTa a little nearer the Sun, gave a Check for a Time to this ill Habit ; but being fo few in Number, they foon became Eng- lijh, and contracted this National Vice of Drinking. This was increas'd by the Man- ner of Living : The univerfal Hofpitality and open Houfe-keeping , in which the whofef ffittrnrt. 8 r whole Income of their Eftates was fpent on their Tables, muft put them under a more frequent Temptation of Sotting, and furnifh a conftant Scene of Intemperance ; while the Nobility and Gentry, who al- ways liv'd in the Country, for want of Books and Learning in thofe Ages, had no other Amufements but their Hawks and Hounds, which Diverfions too frequently end in a hearty Debauch. This continued to the Time of King CHARLES I. when that excellent Prince, who was a Pattern of Temperance himfelf, endeavour'd by his Example and Countenance to cultivate that Virtue in his People ; to which end, he introduced firft into England, a Love of the nobler Sciences, Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, and Mufick ; by which more refin'd Amufements he endeavour'd to po- lifh his Subjects, and give them a finer Taite of more innocent and delicate Plea- lures; in order to which, he had made a noble Collection of Paintings, Statues, Sfc. Thefe Curiofities, after the Murder of that good King, were fold, by his Hangmen, to all the Princes of Eurofe j while thefe few- er and morofe Fanatics, as they were Enemies to every thing that was generous, deitroy'd with the King all innocent Di- verfions, and introduced a Ph'arifaical Re- formation of Manners, which was all at the Bottom, Grimace and Hypocrify; for G the gz, REMARKS 0# the Saints, tho' they would not openly drink, always were thirfty when alone in a Corner ; nor made they lefs Scruple in private to embrace the Woman, whom they would not falute in publick. Du- ring the Reign of thefe fancTrified Hypo- crites, there was a counterfeit ' Air of So- briety, the Lofs of which our Author la- ments, and is fo unreasonably peevifh, as to blame the poor Cavaliers for being tranfported with Joy, at their Redempti- on from a Slavery or nineteen Years, more cruel than an Egyptian Bondage : But it is no Wonder, that he repin'd at the Joy of others for a Blefling, in which the poor Man himfelf had no Share, for want of good Principles ; and confequently took no Part. THE Irreligion and Impiety, of which he pretends to complain, muft be afcrib'd to deeper Caufes. There is no doubt but the Hypocrify of the preceding Times, in which the Pulpit was fo proiiituted, and the moft villainous A&ions cover'd over with the Veil of Piety, had ftartled fpme People, and given Impreffions very diiad- vantagious to the Caufe of Religion; for it is certain, that the Conduct of our ipir- itual Guides has the moft extended Influ- ence ; the ill Example of one bad Clergy- man will do more Mifchief than a thou- fand Sermons can repair : And I firmly be- lieve,, Burner* lieve, if fuch a thing could be prov'd, that the perfonal Conduct of our very Author, thro, the whole Train of his Life, not to mention his late dreadful Appeal to God Almighty, has fhock'd the Faith of more People, and given a greater Blow to Re- ligion, than any ten Men in England be- fides. His preaching and unpreaching the fame Doctrines, as his Intereft guided ; his frequent Change of Sides; his abject Flat- tery of the Living, and his outrageous abufing the fame Men when dead, mult make one conclude, that he had no great Senfe of Religion. Such an Example on weak Minds, who may have an Opinion of the Man, will make very great Impre fions, while the Vices of the mofr. diflb- lute Courts as they are natural to Flefh and Blood, and only gratify our Senfes, affect more the Manners and Conduct of Life, than the Faith and Reafon of Men, in the fpeculative Points of Religion. HE now proceeds to the Character of CHARLES II. which is not more abfurd than ridiculous, fo as to make the Reader, tho' it was otherwise meant, rather laugh than be angry. f P. 93. The King was then thirty Tears of Age, and^ as might have been Cuffos'd, faji the Levities of fouth, and the Extravagance of *Pleafure* He had a very good ^Dnderftanding \ he knew G 2 well 84 R E M A R K S on well the State of Affairs both at home and abroad ; he had a foftnefs of Temper, which charmed all that came near him., till they found how little they could defend on good Looks and fair ^romifes, in which he way liberal to excefs ; becauft he intended no* thing by them., but to get- rid of Impor- tunities 'j and fdencc all further upon him. He feem'd to have no Senfe of Religion, both at 'Prayers and Sacrament j he., as it were, took care to fatisfy People he was in no fort concerned in that about which he was employed: So that he was far from being an Hypocrite, unlefs his ajjlfling at thofe ^Performances was a fort of Hypoc- rify ; (as no doubt it was} but he was fure not to increafe that by any Appear- ance of Religion. He faid once to tnyfelf, that he was no Atheifl ; but he could not think that God would mafa a Man mifera- ble for taking a little l?leafure out of the way. He difguifed his Popery to the la ft. He often faid, he thought Government was a much eafer thing where the Authority was thought infallible, and the Faith and Sub' m'jjflon of the People was implicit. He un- derflood Navigation well ; but, above all, knew the Architecture of Ships fo perfectly, that in that refpecJ^ he was exact more than became a 'Prince. Here are in this Charac- ter almoft as many Inconfiftencies as Lines. The Weaknefs and greateft Vice of King CHARLES 85 CHARLESES known to be his Love of Wo- men ; he was now in the Meridian of his Life, in the Flower of his Age, Strength, and Vi- gour, when the Doctor declares him to be too old not to be paft thofe Pleafures. This Suggeftion is ftranger in coming from our Author, than any other ordinary Man ; it being generally known, that Di'.Burnet him- felf had fo good a Constitution, as to retain his Greennefs and Vigour to double that Age; and if Fame is no Liar in that refpeft, kept frill a Colt's Tooth, with the Mark in his Mouth, beyond his great Clima&erjck. The next Inconfiftency is equally remarka- ble. He fays, that this Prince was liberal to excefs of his Promifes, to get rid of Im- portunities., and filence all farther preffing upon him. This is the oddeft way of attain- ing that End, as I believe, was ever yet known : I (hould rather have thought, that a flat Denial at firft, would have been a much better way to have prevented farther Im- portunity, than, by giving a Promife, entitle the Party to demand the Performance, and renew his Attacks the next Day. Tho' the Author feems to value himfelf upon writing Chara&ers, as the fineft Part of his Hiflory, I muft affirm to the contrary, it was none of his Talent. Inftead of thofe beautiful Anti- thefes, Jut profufus, alieni appettns, which we find in Saluft, and fome other of the An- cients ; when hje affefts that way of writing, G 3' for REMARKS on for want of Judgment, and a diftirrguifhing Knowledge of humane Nature, he often grows abfurd, and falls into Paradoxes and Self-contradi&ions, This is manifeft in his CharaSer of this King, whom he always re- prefents in a different Light ; in one Place makes him fo lazy and indolent, as to prefer his Pleafures to all other Regards ; in ano- ther, fo zealous for the Church of Rome y as to be ready to facrifice his own, and the Quiet of his People, to the Intereft of that Religion ; fometimes an Atheift, with Po~ pery in his Belly ; and fometimes a Bigot, with no Religion. When he tells us, that King CHARLES underftood the building of Ships better than became a Prince, we cam by no means agree with his Sentiments : The Knowledge of fo noble a Branch of the Ma-? thematicks, as the Conftruclion of Ships, which we call Naval Architecture, is no more below the greateft of Kings, than Phi- lofophers ; a Science, that would have ad- ded to the Wifdom of Solomon ; and, con-? fequently, not unbecoming a King of Eng- land, whofe only true Greatnefs depends on his Fleets, and the Goodnefs of his Ships, as well as their Number. As for the Convex iation between him and the King, if it be true, it is a certain Sign, that good-humour'd Prince, when he told him that he could not think God Almighty would make a Man mi- Arable for taking a little Pleafure out of the way, 25umct, 87 way., knew fomething of our Author, and believ'd him inclined that way as well as himfelf ; otherwife he was too well bred to have faid fo fhocking a thing to any Clergy- man of known Piety, his Sancrofts, Kens, Fells, &c. or indeed to any Prieft, whofe Character deferv'd to be treated with more Refped. THERE are the fame Inconfiftencies in his other Characters , all which to difprove would be endlefs., and fwell the Bulk of this Volume to that of his own ; fince all are dead who could contradict and confute him, we muft leave the Judgment of thefe Men to common Fame, and Tradition, which is much more authentick than any Affirmation of this Author. I fhall therefore at prefent criticife no more, but do Juftice to the Re- putation of the Injured. P. 98, he now falls foul again upon the Duke of Albemarle, to whom he gives no more Quarter., than to General Monk. He fays, He was ravenous, as well as his Wife^ who was a mean contemptible Creature. They both asK'd and fold all that was with- in their Reach, nothing being dewfd them for fome time ; till he became fo ufelefs, that little perfonal Regard could be faid him. But the King maintained ftill the Appearan- ces of it ; for the Appearance of the Service <5 4 & 88 REMARKS o he did him was fuchj that the King thought it fit to treat him with great 'Diftinflionj even after he faw into him, and defpifed him. He took care to raife his Kinfman Green vill, who was made EarlofBath and Groom of the Stole, a Man who thought of nothing but getting and ff ending Money. Here the Author gives the Reins to his Fu- ry ; and., by a Superfetation of Malice, ut- ters as many Untruths., as Sentences. How doth this Character agree with the known Story of this great Man, who absolutely refufed the unlimited Conditions ofFerd by his Prince, when he had it in his Power- to have impos'd what he pleas'd ? How conies he to know that the Refpeft which was paid him was only Appearance ? The King never told himfo, nor any Body elfe ; otherwife he would have produced his Author. If we can believe Dr. Skinner, -a. Perfon of irreproacha- ble Credit, the King not only treated him with thofe Marks of Diftin&ion which Gra- titude could infpire, but with a kind of filial Refpe& to the very lad. THE *Dutch Wars, in which the Duke of Albemarle acquir'd fo much Glory, ended not long before his Death : So that the King employ M him in his Service to the laft. And when he could pay no more Honours to the Living., teftify'd his Veneration for the D^ad, by giving him more than regal 89 Obfequies, at which the whole Government, except himfelf, which the Dignity of his Rank would not permit ., affifted as Mour- ners. The Court., the Tribunals, and all Perfons of Diftin&ion, in every Poft, fol- low'd him to the Grave ; and, with a mag- nificent Pomp of Sorrow, mixt his Afhes with thofe of Princes ; nothing being more juft, than that the Man, who had refcu'd the Liberties, who had fixt the Repofe of Nations, and reftor'd the Monarchy ofcEng- land, fhould reft himfelf at laft in the Bofom of her Kings. AFTER this Ufage of the Duke diAlbemar- kj it is no great Wonder if he treats my Lord of Bath with the fame ill Manners and Injuftice. That Nobleman had too imme- diate a Hand in the Reftoration, not to feel fome Marks of the Author's Refentment. But the CharaQ-er he gives of him is as wrong as the Matter of Fadl:, when he fays. That Monk made the Fortune of his Kauf- man Greenvil. One might have thought that the Author, who was at Court at this time before he was feventeen Years of Age, might probably have heard, that Sir John Gran-nH had a Warrant in his Pocket, fignM at Bruffels, to be made an Earl of England, Groom of the Stole, with aPenfion of jooo./. fer Annum, to indemnify his Family for the Debts contracted in the Service of the Crown, 90 REMARKS he 91 was very big ; his Hair red, hanging odly about him y his Tongue was too big for his Mouth, which made him bedew all that he ffoke to. Tho' this fhould be true, it is mean and pitiful, below the Dignity of Hiftory, to infult a Man for perfonal Defeats, which he cannot help, without an abfolute Necef- fity of illustrating fome Event in the Story. But why fhould we expect Generofity in a Man, who wanted all other Virtues ? BUT in all his bifhop of St. Andrews bears the greateft Load. The Reader is defir'd to take notice, that tho' he mentions this Prelate five times more than any Man elfe, he never gives him his Title. He treats all others, whom he did not love, with the fame Familiarity. As no Body would know the Perfon he calls Sharp, to be Archbifhop of St. Andrews ^ if he was not otherwife inform'd ; fothe Duke ofyfA bemarle is call'd plain Monk to his dying Day. But he ufes more Ceremony with his Friends, Always Earl of Clarendon^ even before he was created ; always Earl of Ef~ fex ; always Lord Ruflel &c. This being his conftant Practice, it is impoflible it fhould proceed from Chance or Negligence,. Tho* this is no capital Fault in the Hiftori- an, it is {hocking to good Manners, and {hews too much of the Clown in the Gent- leman and the Prelate. I have only mention- ed 91 REMARKS w* ed this Matter, to let the World fee the little Malice, and Meannefs of Soul in the Man, who could not find in his Heart to treat his Superiors, when Enemies, with that com- mon Refpeft which was due to their Quality. y. 104.7 now turn to another Set of Men, of whom the Earls 0/Middleton ^^Glen- cairn were the chief. They were follow } d by the Herd of the Cavalier Carty, who were now very farce , and full of Courage in their CufSj tho* they had been very difcreet Ma- nagers of it in the Field, and in time of Ac- tion. By this Reflexion, the Reader may fee how Difmgenuity is cffential to his very Nature, fo as never to -let him fpeak well, or do any manner of Juftice to his Enemies. In this AiTertion, the want of Judgment in the Man is as evident as his Malice, in affirm- ing a thing, in which every one., he was fure, muft contradict him. The Victories of my Lord Montrofs were no lefs notorious than aftonifhing, and not to be parallel'd in Hif- tory. Without Garrifons., Magazines, Arms, Amunition, or Money, how often did that great Man moft lhamefully defeat the nu- merous Armies of the Covenanters, when they exceeded him above three to one, with all thofe Advantages which he wanted ? If this Succels was not owing to the perfonal Courage of his Troops, we muft look for foraQ 26tttnef.' 9$ forne hidden Caufe, and renew the Belief of Miracles. P. 154. he entertains us with a moft won- derful Character of Bifhop Letghton^ as he has done in another Place with that of Sir Robert Murray > of both which Perfbns he gives us Ideas that feem a little Romantick. I am very much afraid there muft be fbme Grains of Allowance for this good Bifhop, whom all together he has made but an odd fort of a Man ; tho' I am very apt to believe, that the Author has put fome of his own Sentiments into his Mouth, when he makes him fo diilatisfied with the Condud of his Superiors, which is a little feditious, and un- becoming fo mortify'd a Man : His Con- tempt of his Brethren, and Colleagues, was inconfiftent with that true Humility fo ab- folutely eflential to the Saint, and muft pro- ceed from a fpiritual Pride at the Bottom pf the Heart ; for no Man has a mean Opinion of another, but from a firm Belief of a fu- perior Merit in himfelf. But it is Pity to Ipoil thefe imaginary Pieces ; fo I will only congratulate our liland, in having the Ho- nour to produce two fuch extraordinary Per- fons ; who, in one refpecl, are a little un- fortunate to fall into no better Hands, and have fuch egregious Virtues tranfmitted to Pofterhy by no other Pen, but that of our Author, who happens to ftand fo ill in the Opi- 94 REMARKS M Opinion of the World, as to be ranked with one Sort of Men, who are never believ'd, even when they fpeak Truth. P. 1 56, fpeaking of Dr. Sharp in his ufual way, he has this extraordinary Refle&ion : Tet this was fuitable enough to a Maxim, that he, and all that Sort of Teoplefet up ; that the Execution of Laws was that by which all Government maintained their Strength, as well as their Honour. What- ever may be the Sentiments of the learned Author, as to the Truth of this Maxim, I believe the Generality of the Wold will join in Opinion with the Archbilhop of St. An- drews. P. i<5r, Speaking of the Fanatick Army, that was now to be disbanded, he feems un- willing to part with them., and gives them this Character : They were certainly the braveftj the be ft difcfplin' d, and the fob ere ft Army, that had been known in the latter A- ges. Or indeed in any before ; and, it is to be hop'd will never be known again, being generally Anabaptifts, Fifth-Monarchy-Men, and the wildeft of the Seftaries. Their Bra- very was no true Courage, refulting from a Principle of Honour, and a virtuous Fear of Infamy ; but downright Fury and Enthu- fiafm., actuated by a falfe Spirit of Religion. Their Sobriety was Hypocrify for tho' they woulu Burnet- 95 would not publickly feem to debauch, they would get heartily drunk in private ; efpeci- ally when they broke into the Cellars of the poor Cavaliers. And, as for the Piety o thofe Saints, they made no Scruple to pilla- f2 Altars, and drag the Orthodox Clergy om their Pulpits, beat, and wound them to Death, while they calPd the Plunder of the Royalifts the Spoils of the Ungodly, and the Heritage of the Lord ; of all which Bar- barities whole Volumes have been written, with Time, Place, Names, and Circumftan- ces, to put the Truth of this Matter out of difpute : Such were the Men, for whom ous Author feems to have fo great a Veneration* IN the next Page, the good Bifhop aftonifh- es the Reader, by an Infmuation, as if there were too much Severity usM towards the Regicides. We will fee his own Words., for fear of being tax'd with Mifreprefentation. The Trial and Execution of the firft who fuf~ fer*d, 'were run to by waft Crowds, and all People were pleased with the Sight ; yet the Odioufoefs of the Crime grew at laft to be fo much flatned by the frequent Executions , and mofl of thofe who fuffer'd dy*d with much Firmnefs and Shew of *Piety, juftify- mg all that they had, done, not without a feeming Joy for their Sufferings on that Ac- count that the King was advised not to fro- ceed farther. This pretended Effecl of thefe Exe- 96 REMARKS OH Executions, feems to be the Author's own Invention, nothing being more abfurd and unnatural, than to imagine, that fuch Mon- fters, condemn'd for fo atrocious a Crime, as had HlPd Mankind with Horror, fhould touch the Companion of the Spe&ator, by fuch an Aggravation of their Guilt, in fo harden'd an Impenitence. But what is more unaccountable, is to guefs what the means by the frequent Executions, when, out of fo great a Number as were in the CommifTion to try the King, and of whom lixty-fix af- fented to the Judgment, by rifmg from their Seats when Sentence was given, no more than ten were made Objects of human Ven- geance ; a Lenity, or rather Indolence, which very much leflen'd King CHARLES in the Opinion of the World, both at Home and A- broad. This the Author would infmuate to be Severity in the King, while his Friends on the other Side call this Conduct, in fpar- ing fo many, a Cruelty to himfelf and Fami- ly, as well as an Injunice to the Manes of his injur'd Father, whofe Blood cryM fo loud for Vengeance. SPEAKING of Harrifon, he gives this Ac- count of the Man: f F. ibid. Harrifon was the fir ft that fuffer*d j he was a fierce and bloody Enthufiaft : And it was believed, while the Army was in doubt ^ whether it was fitter to kill the King privately, or bring Si/top Gurnet. 97 bring him to an open Trial, that he offered, if a private Way was fettled on^ to be the Man who jhould do it ; but however reafo- nable this might be in it felf^ it had a very ill Effeff. After this Character of the Man, with all his Rhetorick,he paints him in the moft fhining Colours, extolls his Firmnefs, Refolution, and Magnanimity ; and, not without feeming Sentiments of Tendernefs, calls Enthufiafm,Calmnefs; and Intoxication with fpirituous Liquors, Chearfulnefs ; for the printed Accounts at this Time inform us, that not only Hugh Teters, who was fo downright drunk as to appear a Changeling, but Harrifon and Carew had drunk Brandy, or fome fuch Liquors, the Morning of their Execution, which gave them that Infenfibi- lity of their Danger, which our Author fo much admires ; otherwife, we fhould find in him fome Mark of Difguft or Refentment. It is true, a Chriftian Pity might be exten- ded to his Blindnefs ; but then at the fame time,he fhould have condemned his Hardnefs of Heart and Impenitence. This he fhould have done, to take away a Surmife, which will naturally arife in fome uncharitable Peo- ple, that the Author tacitly in his Mind,im- puted this extraordinary Behaviour to fome fupernatural Afliftance, and the Goodnefs of the Caufe for which they fuffer'd. To this Sufpicion, he gives fome manner of Handle, H by R E M A R K S on by a pompous Defcription of the Hero, in- ftead of the Regicide. T.i 63. The putting Sir Harry Vane to , was as much blamed / for the decla- ration from Breda being full, for an Indem- nity to allj except the Regicides, he was comprehended in that - An Addrefs was made by both Houfes in his Behalf, to which the King gave a favourable Aiifwer, tho* in general IVords : So that he reckoned that he was fafe, that being an Equivalent to an Act ofTarliament, too 3 it wanted the neceffary Forms. In this Account, which is defign'd purpclely to reflect on the Honour of King CHARLES, there is one pofitive Un- truth, one very great Miffoke, befides his conftant Difmgenuity in concealing part of the Story. In the firft place, the Declara- tion from Breda makes no mention of the Regicides, or any Body elfe, but leaves the Exceptions entirely to the Parliament, in whofe Lift of the Excepted,Sir Harry Vane and Lambert were particularly included. That a favourable Anfwer from the King in general Words, to either, or both Houfes, is equivalent to an Act of Parliament, is an O- piriion, to which few Lawyers will fubfcribe. But the Author thinks not fit to tell the Reader, that tho' the Convention, who had excepted this Gentleman out of the Acl: of Indemnity, afterwards intcrpos'd for Mercy ; and, 99 and, as he fays, receiv'd a favourable Anfwef in general Words ; neverthelefs the fucceed-- ing and truer Reprefentation of the People, being a Parliament in all it's Forms, thought fit, when that Matter was refum'd, to aban^ don him to Jufirice, and addrefs'd the King, to bring Vane and Lambert to their Trials : So that being under no Obligation from his prior Anfwer in general Terms, the King was entirely free to hearken to the Voice of his People, and comply with their laft Re* queft. WHEN he gives us an Account of this Gentleman's Behaviour at his Death, he tells us thefe Particulars, /. 164. He was behead- ed on To wer-hill_, where a new and 'very in- decent 'Pratt ice was begun : If was obfervd, that the dying Speeches of the Regicides had left Impreffions on the Hearers, that were not at all to the Advantage tftheGovernment; Jo Strains of a peculiar Nature \being expec- ted from him., to prevent that, ^Drummers were p lac' d under the Scaffold, who, as foon as he began to Jpeak of the Publickj upon a Sign given, ftruck up with their 'Drums* This put him into no *Diforder. He defied they might be ftopt ; for he under flood what was meant by it. Then he went thro* his ^Devotions ; and as he was taking leave of thofe about him^ he happening to fay fome- what with relation to the Times, the T)rums H a Jlruck ioo REMARKS 0# ft ruck up a fecondtime > fo he gave over, and died with fo much Compofednefsj that it was generally thought, that the Government loft more than it gained by his 'Death. If the Author had not been of an Opinion, that the Regicides had fully juilifyM themfelves and the Caufe at their Death, he wpuld not fo boldly have aflerted, that their dying Speech- es had made Impreffions to the Difad van- tage of the Government; for, naturally fpeak- ing, whatever thofe Mifcreants could fay, mull: only affecl thofe of their own Princi- ples, who were already mortal Enemies to the King. But if the Liberty allowed them was truly fo fatal, as he reprefents, the Ad- miniftration had more Reafon to prevent the like ill Confequences for the future : It muft be a fad and helplefs Government indeed, that will not take all lawful Precautions to preferve the publick Peace, and prevent the People from being poifon'd. But the Rela- tion, which he gives of the Ccmpofednefs of that unhappy Gentleman, is unanimoufly contradicted, by fome very extravagant Cir- cumftances, in all the printed Accounts that were pub lifh'd at the Time, and which could have been contradicted, if not true, by fo many thoufand Spectators, as were Witneifes of the Execution. But as thefe were only Pamphlets, we will have recourfe to better Authority : Mr. Eachard has written a ve- ry large Hiftory of thefe Times, and niuft be fup- Bijbof 2Bttrttrt. ' 1 01 fuppos'd to have very : gobcf Vouchers, for what he affirms poiltiyrfy asM2&e;P joftFaft. Let us fee then wliat this Hiitorian fays of this Matter. Eachardp. 802. Being brought to the Scaffold on the fourteenth of June.,/^ there run out into fuch Lectures of Treafon and Enthufiafm, that the Sheriffs and the reft, after two or three Warnings /were fore' d to drown them with the Noife of 'Drums and Trumpets^ and were going to take his Tapers from him $ but he with great Rage and In- dignation tore them to pieces, and fubmitted to the Block in a 'very difcompos d manner. I could bring other Relations; but this is aa- thentick ; and Mr. Eachard is dill alive to juftify it. After this falfe and partial Ac- count, I leave the Reader to judge of the Author's Sincerity. As Dr.SJimtCt was a terrible Enemy, fo I muft do him the Juftice to acknowledge, that he was a very good Friend^ and that he took as much Pains to extenuate, and give the beft Turn to the Faults of his own Party, as to aggravate the Failings and blacken the Virtues of his Enemies. To fhew that I do not wrong the Author in this Charge, it is his own Principle that he has aflerted, and it is to himfelf that I appeal. In his Reflections on the Hif- tory of Varillas, p. 7 and 8, he has H 3 thefe 102, RE M AR K S on thefe Words: : An Hiftorian 'who favours his cfe}ri. f :$tde 3 - 'is ty.'be 'forgiven, the? he flits too much Life 'in 'his Colours, when he fets out the beft Side of his own Tar- ty, and the worfl of thofe from whom he differs ; and if he but flightly touch- es the Faihtre of his Friends ^ and fe- verely aggravates thofe of the other Side., tho* in this he de farts from the Laws of an exaffi Hiftorian ; yet the Biafs is Jo natural \ that if it leffen the Credit of the Hiftorian., it does iiot blacken him. This is contrary to the Opinion of Tully, when he fays of an Hiftorian, Nequid faffi dicere audeat^ ne-. quid Veri non audeat. This Aflertion is ib aftoniihingjthat I cannot expecl: the Rea- der, who has not read his Book on Varil-^ fasj fhould believe me, till he fees it with his own Eyes. No doubt can be made, but that the Author has been guided by this Principle in all his Party Writings. Other Men have fallen into this Fault thro' Inte- reft or Malice ; but I believe Dr. 25lWJ0t is the only Man, who ever had the Forehead to defend it. ACCORDING to this Principle, to excufe the Chancellor from what has been unani- moufly laid at his Door, the giving to King CHARLES that cruel Advice, to court his E- nemies , and truft to the Principles of his Friends ; 103 Friends; he tells us,/. 165. To load the Earl of Clarendon the more, it was given out, that he had advis* d the King to gain his Enemies, Jince he was Jure of bis Friends by their Principles. With this he was often charged, tho* he always denyd it. Whether the King f aft erf d it upon him., after he had difgrafd him, to make him the more odious ., I cannot tell. Tho' the Author tells us, that the Chancellor conftantly denyM this Charge, we may venture to fay, that if Dr. UfU0t had truly believM him in this Matter, he would not have had fo good an Opinion of my Lord Clarendon. As we feel to this Day the difmal Confe- quences of thofe Councils, which were not more wicked, than weak and impolitick, it will be but Juftice to the Publick, to endea- vour to fet that Matter in the cleareft Light we can. It is notorioufly known, that fome of the greateft Republicans, and moft furious Enemies to King CHARLES II. and the Con- ftitution in Church and State ever fmce,were difoblig'd Cavaliers, who facrific'd Princi- ple to Refentment a Conduct, which, with Grains of Allowance for Flefh and Blood,, without a very great Difpenfation of Grace, is not the moft unaccountable. The Treat- ment of the Royal Party at this time, will ne- ver find Belief with Pofterity. To be neg- lected was enough -, but to fee the Enemy H 4 tti- 104 REMARKS on triumph in their Spoils, was more than Na- ture could fupport. There are Inftances of feme, who were admitted to the royal Pre- fence and Favour, without being totally free from the Blood of the King ; while they, who had lavifh'd their own in his Defence, were fiifferM to ftarve on the Pavement. The Eftates of the Irijh, who had fought for the King, and follow'd his Fortunes in Exile, were confirm'd to Drummers and Ser- jeants, who had conducted his Father to the Scaffold. The poor Cavaliers were not on- ly unrewarded, but denyM their juft Debts ; even the Repayment of the Money they had lent to the King ; while the Round-heads were more than carefs'd, and by their Pofts and Employments now fhar'd the Revenues of that Crown, which they had plundered before. There was but one Perfon who had Credit to give, or Power to fupport his Ad- vice when given. The Author is pleas'd to tell us, that the King himfelf declared, that the Chancellor was the Man. As he was the beft, and, indeed, only Judge of the Mat- ter, we ought in good Manners to believe Jiim. I could have faid more on this Sub- ject, if I were not tender of difturbing the Afhes of the Dead ; nor would I have faid fo much, if I had not thought my felfoblig'd to difabufe the Living. I could alib con- vict him of the grofleft Flattery in fome of. his other Charaters 3 and fpoil the Hero, if I would Si/hop 26utnet' 105 I would leflen any Man's good Name at the Expence of the Author's Reputation, which is no Equivalent. P. 168^ he gives a Character of the Duke of Torkj-whom he treats atfirft with feeming Juftice ; but it is only to give his Reader a lalfe Impreffion of his Candor, that he may the more eafily be believ'd, when he ftabs him to the Heart afterward, by making him the greateft of Villains, and the laft of hu- man Race. After having own'd how gra- cious the Duke was to him, and the repea- ted Favours which he had received from that Prince, a Man, who had been capable of blufhing, would have been afhamM to have made fo barbarous a Return : But is it no Wonder, that he fhould be without Grati^ titude, who wanted the Mother of all Vir- tues, Juftice. THE Account which he gives us of the Marriage with the firft Duthchefs, is fo falfe in fome Circumftances, and fo mifrepre fen- ted in others, as to be eafily refuted, if that could be done, without wounding the Ho- nour of fome, for whom we have too great Refpeft, that being as contrary to our In- clinations, as Detr action is a vifible Pleafure to the Author of the Book before us. 172 106 R E M A R K S on P. 172, here he is again for exculpating his old Friend, the Hart of Clarendon, in the Affair of 'Dunkirk, and laying the Blame, if it was a Crime, on an innocent Man. For he fays thus : The Matter under debate was, whether it ought to be kept, or fold. The military Men, who were btlietfd to be corrupted by France, faid the Place was not tenable ; that in Time of ^Peace it would put the King to great Charge, and in Time of War it would not quit the Cofl of keeping. The Ear I of Clarendon faid, that he tinder- food not thoje Matters, but did appeal to MonkV Judgment ; who did pojitively ad- who general- ly took more Care of themfelves than the Clr r rch. The Men of Merit and Service were loaded with many Livings , and many ^Dignities. With this great AcceJJion of Wealth, there broke in upon the Church a great deal of Luxury and high Living, on the 'Pretence of Hofyitality : while others made 'Pur chafes, and left great Eflates, mofl of which we have fe en melt away. And with this Overfet of Wealth and Tomp, that came on Men in the 'Decline of their 'Parts and Age ; they, who were now growing in- to old Age, became lazy and negligent in all the true Concerns of the Church : They left *P re aching and Writing to others, while they gave themfelves up to Eafe and Sloth. In all which fad Refrefentation, fome few Ex- ceptions are to be made ; but Jo few, that if a new Set of Men had not appeared of ano- ther Si/hop jenrwt* 117 ther Stamp, the Church had quite loft her Ejleem over the Nation. SUCH is the Character which this info- lent Author gives of the great Men in- the* Government of the Church at this time ; Men, who were not more venerable for their Piety, Chanty, and all the Eifentials of a good Clergyman, than eminent for their. Learning, and other great Qualities ; who are as much reverenc'd by all wife and good Men at this Day, as their wicked Detractor is now detefted ; and will, if polfible., be more by Pofterity. Take all the Charac- ters together, not only thofe of the Bifhops, but the whole dignifyM Clergy,, and he makes them avaritious, luxurious, lazy, and flothful ; negligent in the Concerns of the Church, even Knaves and Atheifts. As the Church of England never, in the lame Com- pafs of Time, had the Honour to fee her E- pifcopal Sees fo illuftriouily fill'd, thefe ex- traordinary Virtues could not fail to be Ob- jects of Malice in the moft unjuft and difin- genuous of Men, who has exprefs'd in this Paragraph as much Venom, as a vifible Want of all Senfe of Shame. If the Author had been touched with the leaft Sentiment of Chriftianity, he would have avoided fo heinous and mortal a Sin, as that of wilful and premeditated Detraction, fo odious in the Sight of God and Man ; he would not I 3 have Ii8 R E M AR K S m have ventur'd, with a Conference as fear'd, as his Forehead was hardened, to have im- pos'd on the World fo grofs and palpable a Calumny, in which he was Cure to be detec- ted : But as, by prolonging the Publication of his Book, he knew that he fhould be co- ver'd in the Grave from feeling the Relent- ment of the Living, fo he ablblutely dcfpifed whatever might be faid of him when dead. Without this Example, it would be hard to conceive, that human Nature could arrive to fuch a Height of Depravity ; that a Man, without any Temptation of Intercit, but on- ly to gratify his Malice, fliould be fo prodi- gioufly ftupid, as to be neither concern'd for his Reputation in this World, or his Safety in that to come. IF any Man fhould think that I have treat- ed the Author en this Subject with too much Roughnefs, contrary to my Defign, or Inclinations, let him confiderthe Provo- cation ; Rejponfitmj non dictum ejfe, quia la- Jit frior. The Reader, by his own Indig- nation, may eafily conceive how difficult it is, not to feel the warmeft Relent men t at fo barbarous a Treatment of fo much Virtue and Merit, BEFORE we proceed in confuting the Mat- ter of Fat in this Account, we will fhew the Reader the Inconfiftencies of this very Para- 28untet; 119 Paragraph. He owns, that the Fines, which were rais'd, were- the Incumbents Right in Law ; and at the fame time blames my Lord Clarendon, for not taking them away. This is a fine Doctrine in a Country of Property ! Oh, but a Law fhould have been made on purpofe. A Law, that, takes away another Man's undoubted Right, is as unjuft as any other Acl: of Violence, He owns, that theie Biihops repaired Colleges and Churches, ef- pecially St. Taul's ; that they made a noble Colle&ion to redeem all the Englijb Slaves in Earbary ; and then feems to wonder what they did with their Money. His Account of the immenfe Sum rais'd upon Fines, which he makes to amount to a Million and half, muft be very much mitigated : He was either very ill informed, or, what is more probable, never enquir'd at all into the Mat- ter ; but, according to Cuftom, gave us his own extravagant Guefs. If he had taken the Pains to have been better inftru&ed, he would have known that thefe Men, whom he fo abufes, gave very near five hundred thoufand Pounds of this Money to publick Ufes ; a Liberality fo immenfe, that when a true Deduction is made from his extrava- gant Account, will make a very great Hole in any Sum that they could poflibly have re- ceiv'd. Bifhop Coufin, not to mention o- thers, gave the greateft Part of his Fines to ihpfe very Ufes he mentions, the Augmen- I 4 tation 1 10 REMARKS OT tation of fmall Benefices. Warner., with no better a Bifhoprick than that of Rochefter, five no lefs than 59600 /. in publick Bene- ftions ; a Munificence fo aftonifhing, fo vaft a Charity, as the Doctor and all his Fa- vourites, the Men of another Stamp, would not have given in fo many Years, if they had poflefs'd the Revenues of the Archbifhop- rick of Toledo. It is worth while to en- quire what the Author left himfelf at his Death ; for he would not part with much, while alive, to fuch good Ufes. If we may rely on his Will, which is printed, he her queath'd a little more that 2000 L to found a School in his own Country, to breed up young Presbyterians with the Money of the Church of England, to pick out her Eyes., as their Anceftors had once done before with their Covenant. This was not fo very ex- traordinary, when we confider that the See of Salisbury is one of the beft in England-, and that the good Bifhop fat in that Chair above twenty-tive Years, His next Charge upon thefe good Men, is what he calls Luxury and High-living, on pretence of Hofpitality. Tho' the Author condemns this Conduct, I always thought, that Hofpitality, and feeding the Poor, was one of the chief Ends, for which fuch great Revenues were given to the Church by the Piety of our Anceitors, This is a little un-= juil ;' Xtoxntti juft, to blame that Chanty, which he had not the Virtue hitnielf to imitate. Nor is he Itfs unreafonable to find fault with the poor old Men, whom he reprefents, in their Decline, broken with Age and Infirmities, for not preaching fo often as himfelf. That Office was never reputed the chief of the paftoral Care, efpecially in Men of that Age, whofe Memories muft be decay'd, and their Strength not fufficient to bear the Fatigue of a long Difcourfe : It is not every Body's good Fortune to have the Lungs and the Wind of Dr. ffiUWet, with the Strength of a Porter, inftead of a Gentleman, THEIR leaving fuchEftates to their Fami- lies , after their expenfive Living ; their great Benefactions and Charge in repairing their Churches, dilapidated by Time, and the Sacrilege of Forty-one, muft fhew them to be very great Oeconomifts. But his Ob- fervation, that thefe Eftates melted away, as. being very ill gotten, is not a little divert- ing, in an Author, who gives us the firft In- ftance of his having any Religion at all, by this childifh and weak Super ftition. If what he fays is true, thefe Men had certainly a very great Art while they were fquandering their Revenues in a riotous Hofpitality, to be able to perform fuch great things. Thus he makes them fcraping and luxurious, pro- digal and miferable, at the fame Time.. IF REMARKS on IF the Author had been pieas'd to have given us an Account what great Charities were difpenc'd by his Favourites, the Men with the large Souls, it would have been very fatisfa&ory ; but, upon a ftrit Enqui- ry, we fhall find that they were not only very tender of their Money, but even the Scraps of their frugal Tables. The Diffe- rence in this Cafe is very remarkable : "We will only mention a (ingle Inftance at Lam- beth, the Poor of which great Parilh, were almoft maintained by the munificent Chari- ties of Sheldon and Saner oft j and this was not Scraps, and the Refute of their hofpita- ble Tables, but a daily Allowance of Meat and Drink, provided on purpofe for the Poor. But when his Men of another Stamp fucceeded, the Cafe was much alter'd ; the Church-wardens found more Bufinefs on their Hands, and the Rates in their Books daily increas'd ; till at laft there was fuch a Reformation at Lambeth, that you might as well have feen a Beggar at the Stadthi ufe in Amflerdam^ as before the Gate of that Palace, efpecially within the Reach of the Porter's Staff. But we can eafily account for this wonderful Change : There was now a certain ftrange Thing within the Walls of that HouTe, which never had been feen there for above a hundred Years before ; lacM Heads, and filk Petticoats, diverted the Mo- ney that us'd to be given to the Poor. This gaye gave occafion to the Taris Gazetteer to exercifehis Wit and Raillery on^this Subjed, in one of his Gazetts at this time : In the Article from London, he was pleas'd to tell us, that the Sieur Tillotfon was building an Apartment in the Archieftfcopal ^Palace of Lambeth for bis Lady, (in French, Mada- me fa Fernme) when that Houfe was built, it not being the Cujlom for Archbtjhops to have Wives. It is true, Parker was mar- ried ; but his SuccefTors had other Senti- ments ; whether it was to fupport the Cre- dit of the Reformation, by not giving a Handle to the Ridicule of their Enemies , or that the great Men, who fucceeded, thought it below their Patriarchal Dignity, as well as inconvenient, to be embarrafsM with the Impediments of common Life ; this was the next Inftance of Women being feen at Lambeth. As to Archbifhop Tarker, who was a great Favourite of Queen Eli- zabeth, by having had the Care of her Edu- cation, I have heard it often confidently a- lirm'd, tho' I fhall not aflert it as Fad, that this great Man, in complaifance to the Queen, who had a better Opinion of the Celibacy, than the married State of the Cler- gy, never produced his Lady publickly in his Palace, but kept her in a little Houfe ad- joining to his Garden-wall, thro' which, the Convenience of a Poftern Door gave him private Accefs. If fo, the good old Man had 124- REMARKS ctf had all the Pleafure and Amufement of an Intrigue, without the Guilt. IT was neither my Defign nor Inclina- tion, when I undertook this Task, to have reflected on any Perfon, efpecially the Dead : But fince the Author gives fo great a Provo- cation, by extolling one Side, and unjuftly defaming the other, by robbing the Deferv- ing of their Due, and planting the Trophies of their Virtues on Heads with inferior Me- rit, it will be but common Juftice to make a fair War, and endeavour to recover ths Spoils. We will therefore enquire into the Men of another Stamp, who, he fays, re- cover'd the Credit., the Efteem, and Reve- rence for the Church., which the others had loft. Moft of thefe Men were Time- Ser- vers, and had not only gone in with the Crowd, but had fupported the Iniquity of the long Rebellion ; and, for the fake of Preferment, had always comply'd with every Change of Religion and Government. But I will detain the Reader no longer, but only, by an Enquiry into two of his chief Charac- ters, who both, as well as the Author, were meant by a famous Preacher., * when he told us above thirty Years ago from the Pul- pit, That the Streams could not run clear ivhen Dr. Birch' j when the Fountains were f diluted > when thofe were become Fathers of the Church , who had never been her Sons. The firil of thefe was the famous Dr. Tillotfon, who, it is very well known, wanted that fort of Learning fo absolutely necefTary to his Pro- ieflion, as to be a Qualification for a Coun- try Curate : By the Study of the Ancients, and the Claflick Authors, whom he had made his Models, he had form'd a Stile, and acquir'd a juft way of thinking, with a Sim- plicity anclEafmels of Expreflion ; before his Time,unknown in England. This juftly gave him the Character of an excellent Preacher. I wiili from my Hearr, that I could fpeak as well of him in refpecl: to his Religion and Politicks : His Alliance with Cromwell, with whofe Party he maintain'd a firm and fettled Friendfhip to his dying Day ; his warping to fome Heterodox Opinions, condemned in all Ages, and which gave a Handle to fome Perfons to charge him with Socinianifm ; but above allj his known DifafFe&ion to the Difcipline and Morals of the Church of Eng- land^ made him a very popular Favourite with all her Enemies, the Proteftant Diffen- ters of every Denomination. As to his Prin- ciples of Government, we need only tell the following Story, the Truth of with was too notoriously known to be now difputed. He was a Fellow of Clare-Hall in Cambridge^ by virtue of a Mandamus from the Rumf r in IZ<5 R E M A R K S on ' in the room of the famous and loyal Doc- tor Gunning, whom the Iniquity of thofe Times had by Violence ejeded. Upon the News of the Defeat at Worcefter, after Din- ner in the Hall , when he was to return Thanks for another Man's Meat, which he had wrongfully eaten, he calPd for the Ta- bles, in which the College Grace was writ- ten, and with his own Hand, out of Zeal to the Caule, inferted thefe Words : Et pra- Jertimfro nupera Victoria, in Agro Vigor ^ -nienfi, contra Carolum Stuartum reportata. This is the Man whom our Author fo much magnifies ; tho', if fome Perfons, who out of Modefty,or for fome other worfe Reafons, are unwilling to appear in publiclr, would openly avow, what they own to know of this Matter, he had not fo much reafon to value himfelf upon the Friend (hip of Dr. Til- lotjbnj who was a little ungrateful in this Point, in not having an equal Opinion of Dr. JStttttCt. In anfwer to what he lays, that this great Man brought the Citizens of London from their Diflike to the Church of England, we can eafily account for that Matter ; it being no Wonder, that the Par- ty difaflFefted to the Government in Church and State, fliould be more willing to follow a Paftor wbo had preach 7 d to them before in that Aflembly, which we now call a Conven- ticle, and who was of the iame Principles with thofe Trumpeters of Sedition, who had Si/bop Burner. had led them into the great Rebellion againft CHARLES I. THE next is Dotor Tennifon ; but before I meddle with him, I muft take notice of what he fays of another great Man, who highly deferves to be efteem'd in all refpe&s. This is Dr. Stittingfleet, in whom he finds nothing Ib much to commend, as one of the falfeft Steps of his Life, his Irenicum ; and that he may be all of a Piece, he as much condemns his Repentance. OF Dr.Tennifitt he gives this Account: A 'very worthy Succeffor in his Cure ; Ten- nifon, he endowed Schools, fet up a publick Library. He was a 'very learned Man, and took ^Pains to flate ths Notions and TracJices ofheathenijh Idolatry, and to f aft en that Charge upon the Church 0/^Rome : And Whitehall tyng in that Tarijh^ he flood as in the Front of the Battle all King Ja- mes'j 1 Reign, and maintain' 1 d, as well as managed, that dangerous foft with great Courage and much Judgment ; and was held in 'very high Efteem for his whole 'Deport- ment j which was 'very grave and moderate* Thefe are the greateft 'Divines we have had for thefe forty Tears. If this is true, no- thing can be faife ; Dr. 23ttt!7t was never in the wrong in his Life, was as mortify'd a Man, as good a Chriftian as Bifhop Ken, and u8 REMARKS on and as fine a Gentleman, as Archbifhop Shel- don. In anfwer to this Character, I fhall only affirm, what was too well known at the time to be contradicted, that Do&or Tenmfon was the only Divine of the Church of England^ who, in the Controverfy with that of Rome, loft Ground, was foil'd and defeated by Tolton the Jefuit, in the Con- ference at the Savoy, for want of Capacity to defend fo good a Caufe. So that the Au- thor, before he can make us have any Opi- nion of this Man's extraordinary Learning, if half the Blunders, which are laid to his Charge, are true, fhould firft convince us, of his having at all times good Senfe. But flnce our Hiftorian boafts of his Charity, in founding a paltry Grammar School with other Mens Money, and dares mention him in the fame Day with fo great Name as Sheldon, we will weigh the Merit of the two Men. When that illuftrious Prelate, after his Promotion, went the firft time to his Palace at Crqydon, he gave no lefs than two hundred Pounds to the Poor. Arch^- bilhop Tenmfon, at the fame Place, on the fame Occafion, gave five Pounds among two hundred People, fome of whom had come thirty Miles in Hopes of a confiderable Re- lief. As the Value of the Money, fo was that of the Men, by the Rule of Proportion, as five is to two hundred, fo was Dr. Ten* nifon to Dr. Sheldon. 26untef< 119 P. 195. All Ms I knew of Peter Walfh himfelf, who was the honefteft and learnedefl Man 1 ever knew amonv them. He was of Irifti Extraction, and of the Francifcan Order ; and was indeed, in all ^Points of Controversy, almoft wholly a Tro- t eft ant. . This is no unpleaiant AlTertion; he makes a Man the honeiieft Papift that ever he knew, becaufe he was a Proteftant in his> Heart. He might have been the latter, and a very good Man, if he had thought fit ro have own'd his Religion ; but he was certainly never the better Pa- pill for being a Hypocrite. Without al- lowing Difiimulation in the Cafe of Re- ligion, the Author will hardly get clear of this Blunder. y. ic,. For tho' the King never lov*d or efleem'd the 'Duke, yet he feenid to ftand in feme kind of Awe of him. This very thing he has aflerted more than once ; but how he will reconcile this No- tion to the Actions of that Prince, we cannot imagine. As to outward Appear- ance, the Friendfhip between thefe two Royal Brothers was very remarkable ; when* ever the Sedition ind Violence of the Times tore them from one another, they always parted with the moft tender Sen* timents of Brotherly Love, and a Friend* hip that was highly edifying to all Men K of 130 REMARKS equeath'd him his Crown, muft confute this falfe and ridiculous Af- fertion of the Author. P. 196. There was no vifible Caufe of War > a Complaint of a Ship taken was ready to be fatisfy'd. The Author has been all along before ext avagant; but here he exceeds himfelf, and treats his Reader with the laft Contempt by think- ing he could thus impofe upon him ; as if he believ'd that no Body would read any Book but his own, and that there would be no Journals or Records for the Information of Pofterity. Since we have been 25tmttt. 131 been a Nation, and able to make War, we never enter'd into any with more Unani- mity and thepublick Voice of the People* Europe alone was too narrow a Theatre for the Depredations of the 'Dutch ; both Indies and Africk, the four Quarters of the World, were Witnefles of the Violences offer'd to the Englijb^ Nation. Thefe re- peated Injuries rais'd fuch an Outcry among the Merchants., that they found tbemfelves oblig'd to petition the King and Parliament: Committees were appointed to enquire into the Fats ; all which being undeniably prov'd, both Houfes joined in a folemn and moftpathetickAddrefs to the King, befeech- ing him to do Juftice to his injur'd Sub- jects. The Truth of this will appear,by the Votes and Journals of Parliament, as well as the common Chronicles. The Lofs fu tain'd by England, as provM upon Oath, amounted to no lefs than feven or eight hun- dred thoufand Pounds ; for which no Repa* ration could be obtain'd, tho' amicably de- manded. Upon this, two hundred thoufand Pounds, by two Loans, were advanced, to carry oil- this War, by the City of London, a Body of Men, who feldom make fuch Compliments to their Princes, but when they are as much prompted by Intereft as Inclination. All this the good 3i(hop fmo- thers, by only faying, that a Ship taken was ready to be fatisffd. \ his is all the Caufe K ^ that iji REMARKS on that he afligns for that bloody War, fo juftly enter'd into by the Provocation of the Ene- my, and in Defence of our juft Rights, againft the only dangerous Rival of our Commerce. Whether or no he has afted in this Matter, with the Candor and Fidelity of a juft and honeft Hiftorian, I leave to the mo ft bigotted Admirers of Dr. 75Utttet to decide ; efpecially, the Reverend Mr. Stack- houfe, who has fo great an Opinion of the Author's Veracity. f P. 200. This 'was as far as I could pene- trate into it, the State of the Court for the frfl four Tears after the Reft or at ion. I was in the Court a great fart of the Tear 1662, 1663, and 1664, and was as inquiji- tive as pojpbly I could be ; and had more than ordinary Occajions to hear and fee a, great deal. Truth will come out at laft ; it was in the Years 62, 63, and 64, that he was really at Court ; but he had now for- got what he had told us before, that he was there in the Year 1 66e, before he was (even- teen Years old, when he law far into the Management of Affairs, Vide p. $. As to his Inquifitivenefs, no Body can doubt that Matter; he was always impertinently pryinj more than became him, tho' he fo oftej charges the reil of his Order with medlinj in Ai&irs, out of the Sphere of their owi Fundion : He might have remember'd, that h( zurnef. 133 he had arraigu'd the Scotch Bifhops for being too often at Court, tho' their eminent Sta- tion and Rank in the Government, feem'd to give them a jufter Call to that Place, than any Affairs of a private and pragmatical Par- fon. C P. 203, he complains of the Severities us'd again ft his Uncle Warifton. One of the firft things done in this Seffion of 'Par- liament, was the Execution of my mi fortu- nate "Uncle Warifton ; he was fo diforder'd in Body and Mind, that it was a Reproach to a Government to proceed againjl him. His Memory was Jo gone, that he did not know his own Children. He was brought before the ^Parliament, to hear what he had to fay, why his Execution Jhould not be awarded. He fpoke long, but in a broken and, difor- der* d Strain,which his Enemies fancy* d,w as put on to create 'Pity. He was fentenc'd to die. His ^Deportment was unequal, as might be expected from a Man in his Con- dition ) yet when the *Day of his Execution came, he was 'very ferene, he was cheat ful, and feem'd fatisfyd with his 'Death. He read a Speech twice over on the Scaffold^ that to my Knowledge he composed him fe If ; in which he juftify j d all the ^Proceedings in the Covenant j and afferted his own Sinceri- ty -, but condemned his joining with Crom- well and the Sectaries ; tbf? even in that, his K 3 Inten- 154- REMARKS o Intention had been fine ere. Lord Lauder- dale had liv* din great Friendjhip with him; but he faw the King was fo Jet againfl him, that he, who at all times took more care of himfelf than his Friends, would notj in Jo critical a time., feem to favour a Man, whom the 'Presbyterians had fet uf as a fort of Idol among them., and on whom they did de- fend more than any Man alive. Not to dwell upon the ufual Inconfiftencies in this Account of the Behaviour, it is a little re- markable., that a Man, who was diforder'd in his Head before, fhould fo recover his Senfes, as to grow ferene and calm at the Sight of the Gallows. If it were reafona- ble and juft to make any Examples in Scot- land, there was not one Man in that King- dom lefs an Object of Mercy, than the Laird o$Warifton,it\vt confider his Conduct from the Beginning of the Troubles to the End ; his mortal Inveteracy to both Kings, Father and Son ; the Mifchiefs that he did them ; and his conftant Attachment to the republi- can Sectaries in England : So that if his In- t^reft and Credit were fo great, as he fays, with the King's Enemies, that dangerous Popularity alone, was fufficient to bar all Mercy, and make the Death of this unhap- py Man not lefs neceflary to the Safety of the King, than due to his Juftice. Thus this injudicious Wrker,(eldom or never finds a. Fault, but, thro' Inadvertency and want of of thinking., he immediately himfelf furni- fhes a Justification of the A&ion he con- demns. f P. 204. There was feme little Off o fit ion made to it by the Earl of Kinkardin., who 'was an Enemy to all 'Persecution : But the? feme few voted againfl it, it was carried by a vafl Majority. It is very remarkable, that the Author is always fo unlucky, as to have but a few on his Side of the Queftion ; fome- times but one for him, always a very great Majority againft him. If one might argue on this Head according to Reafon and Ex- perience, it is to be inferred from thence, that what he blames, was certainly equitable and right ; for we cannot conceive Man- kind fo abandon'd, nor can Hiftory fiirnifh us with an Example, that in fo numerous an AfTembly as a Parliament, there was not always fome Number of honeft Men on the Side of Juftice. In all the Hardfhips, which the Author fo frequently condemns, it would be more for the Credit of what he main- tains, if thofe ill things had been rather car- ried by a Majority of one or two, than al- ways to have no more than that Number on his, and the negative Side. 2>. 205. After thefe Atts were fafs'd , the 'Parliament was diffofafd, which gave a general Satisfaction to the Country y for they K 4 were REMARKS on were a furious Set of Teofle. This is the Compliment that he makes to the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland, the whole repre- fentative Body of the People, which confift- ed of Perfons, at this Time, of the greateft Fortune and Intereft in their Country. From hence it is plain, that this Bi (hop of the Church of England, really in his Heart be- liev'd, that all were bad Men, who were not good Presbyterians. C P. 2 TO. But all thofe Countries that lie towards the Weft, became 'very fierce and intractable ; and the whole Work of the Council was to deal with them,, andfubdue them. It was not eajy to prove any thing againfl them ; for they fluck frm to one an- other. The Teofle treated them with reat Contempt _, and with an Aver fan, that rokt out often into Violence and Injuftice. But their Miniftcrs on their Tarts, were not wanting in their Complaints ;, aggrava- ting Matters, and poffejjlng the Bijhops with many Stories of 'Defigns vnd Clottings againft the Government : So many were brought before the Council,, and the new Ec- clefiaflical CommiJJion., for fret ended Riots, and ujtng their Mintfters ill ; but chiefly for not coming to Church., and holding Con- venticles. The Troofs were often defective, and lay rather in Trefumfthns than clear Evidence. Great Numbers were cafl Bi/hof jButnet- 137 eaft in Trifon, where they were kept long, and III us d ; andfometimes they were f if d^ and the younger Sort whip 7 d about the Streets. Here is a whole Bundle of Incon- fiftencies : In the firft Place, he tells you bimfelf, that the Weft became very fierce and intractable ; that the whole Bufinefs of the Council was to fubdue them ; and yet they did not know whom to fubdue ; for they ftuck to one another, and it was hard to prove any thing againft them : But the People who made the Complaint, and gave the Informations, muft certainly know them, though they would not accufe one another. The Minifters, who were outraged, muft know their own Parifbioners and Neigh- bours who committed the Violence ; they were not Blacks, and afted in Mafquerade. If there were Laws againft noc coming to Church, it was eafy to be certain whether a Man came there or no ; he could not be at Church, and at the fame time not be vifible. After all r he complains that they were pun- ifhM without legal Proofs. If their Ac- tions were not plain and vifible, he fhould not have affirm'd himfelf, that the Weft grew fierce and intractable ; and if the thing was apparent, they received no more than a juft Chaftifement; which, on this Side Death, muft be either pecuniary, corporal, or Imprifomnent. Thus the Author, afttr he 1*8 REMARKS on he has own'd the Crime, forgets what he has faid, and condemns the Punifhment. T. 1 16. / obfertfd the ^Deportment of the Bijhops was in all Taints Jo different from what became their Function, that / had more than ordinary Zeal kindled within me upon it. They were not only furious againft all that flood out againft them, but were ve- ry remifs in all 'Parts of their Function. Some did not live within their 'Diocefe ; and thofe who didjeenfd to take no care of them. They Jbew'd no Zeal againft Vice. The rnoft eminently wicked in the Country were their particular Confidents. They took no care to keep their Clergy ftrittly to Rules ^ and to their T^uty . On the contrary, there was a Levity and carnal way of living about them, that very much fcandalizSdme. This Expreflion, Levity and carnal way of liv- ing about them, is true Presbyterian Cant ; and confequently not the beft Englijh. Here I muft appeal to the Reader, if any thing can be more aftonifhing, than that this Writer fhould not reflect on what he had faid of thefe very individual Men, in his Preface to Bifhop BedeFs Life, written long after this time. If he could forget what he had faid before, he muft have had a very treacherous Memory, tho' he was al- ways famous for the contrary Quality : But r as it is impoiftble., except in a Lethargy, fora Man 139 Man not to remember a Book that he had written, we muft afcribe this Conduct to an AfTurance without Example, thus to be above all dread of Cenfure, and brave Man- kind. His Zeal againfb thofe Immoralities was certainly very much cooPd, when in that Preface, he made fuch fulfome Enco- miums on thefe good Bifhops whom he now reviles ; he then tells the World, that they were an Angelical Rank of Men > that he Jaw in them fuch things, as looked liker fair Ideas, than what Men cloathed with Flejh and Blood could grow up to. Thefe two oppofite Characters cannot both be true. As it is impoflible to reconcile Contradictions, either Dr. 28imiet muft be guilty of the moil abjet Flattery, or the Biffiop of Salisbury of the viieft Detraction. f P. 217. There was., indeed., 0?Scougal Bijhof of Aberdeen, that was a Man of rare Temper, great *Piety, and prudence. Notwithftanding this Character, he was one of the Bifhops that he abusM as well as the reft. The Reader will wonder to hear him fpeak fb well of a Bifhop who was not of his Party ; but he muft know, that this good old Gentleman,thro' a fatal Indulgence, which he heartily repented of afterward, fav'd our Author from having his Gown ftripp'd over his Ears, when he fo lean da - loufly abus'd the whole Body of the Bifhops' ia 140 REMARKS 0# in Scotland. This is the firft Inftance of his being fenfible of Benefits ; I am glad to find that he could once vanquifh his Nature, and deviate into Gratitude. The Author gives his own Account of this Matter ,- by which the Action appears, as he tells the Story himfelf, impertinent and pragmatical , not more infolent than feditious, and contrary to his canonical Obedience , if there were any fuch Obligation in the Church ot Scot- land. Dr. Cockburn has lately fet this Mat- ter in a very clear Light, and will be always believ'd by the unprejudic'd Part of the World bcrore the Author. He fays, that Mr. 2Uttlt made a very great Submiflion ; and, he believes., on his Knees ; otherwife they would, notwithstanding the Intercef- fion of the Bifhop of Aberdeen, have pro- ceeded to Extremities, with fo infolent a young Man but twenty-three Years old, who had thus prefum'd, in fo faucy a man- ner, to reprove and initruct his Superiors. Tho' this is highly probable, that they could not be contented with a lefs Satisfaction, the good Bifbop of Salisbury, as if he were afham'd of having any Grace, with his ufual Confidence, aflerts, that he never fubmitted. "We {hall not now determine this Point, who was in the right, Dr. Cockburn, or Dr. 2&ITC- ttfct y but we may venture to believe him in this Part of the Story, when he owns him- felf, that he could not repent. P. 218. 141 Ti 218. As foon as the War broke out, a moft terrible 'Plague broke out alfo in the City of London, that flattered all the Inha- bitants that were ablt to remove themfehes elfewhere. It broke the Trade of the Na- tion, and Jwept away about one hundred thoufand Souls, the greateft Havock that any ^Plague had made in England. This did dif- hearten all ^People y and coming in the 'very time that jo unjufl a War was oegun, it had a dreadful Appearance. All the King's E- nemies., and the Enemies of Monarchy, faid^ here was a manifefl Character of Goo's hea- vy "Difpleafure upon the Nation : As indeed the ill Life the King led; and the Viciouf- nefs of the whole Court, gave but a melan- choly Trofpeff ,' yet God's Ways are not our Ways. What all hadfeen in the Tear 1 660, ought to have Jilenc W thofe who at this time pretended to comment on ^Providence. As to the Injuftice of the *Dutch War, I have fuf- ficiently anfwer'd that fcandalous Affertion already : But that a Plague fhould happen, without being fent as a Punifhment for the Wickednefs of the King, it feems, is not con- ceivable by fome People ; tho' the Reigns of Queen ELIZABETH, JAMES, and CHARLES I. were all ufherM in by great Peftilen- ces : This was fevere on thofe virtuous and temperate Princes, who had not offended Heaven, as King CHARLES II. and his im- pious Court. If the Author had diligently REMARKS 0# obferv'd our Englijh Hiftory, he would have found, that there was hardly a Space of above forty Years, fince the Conqueft, with- out fome Plague or epidemical Diftemper in England y that we have elcap'd fo long, as fince the laft, is owing to natural Caufes, and the Accident of the Great Fire ; after which, the Town being rebuilt, the Houfes are more airy, lightfome, and clean ; the Streets being made much wider, have given a freer Ventilation, and confequently the Air is meliorated. Nothing can be more diverting, than to fee Men, who have no Religion at all, to ferve their Ends, lay hold on the Weaknefs and Superftition of thofe who have too much ; and affert that Provi- dence, in which at the Bottom they do not believe. The Author's good Friends, whom he mentions , the Enemies to the King and Monarchy, were very ill Arguers on this Head. This fort of Men, with the Ropes about their Necks, juftifyM their good Old Caufej by the frequent Declaration of Hea- ven on their Side ; not confidering, that the lame Providence, which had given them the decifive Battle at Nafeby, had brought them at laft to the Gallows. It is not eafy to conceive his true Meaning, when he fays, What all had feen m the Tear 1660, ought to have filencd thofe j who at this time pre- tended to comment on 'Providence. This is an intricate Sentence, and difficult to com- pre* 25urnet 143 prebend ; I have examined it with great Care, and, confidering the Author's Bent and Inclinations, can find no Meaning more natural, than after what they had feen al- ready, in the Year 1660, they fhould won- der at nothing that could happen; that both were equally Plagues, the prefent Sickneis, and late Reftoration. In the fame Page, he gives an Account, of the firft Battle with the T>utch; in which, contrary to the Grain, he owns that they were beaten, only to have an Occafion, by the moft malicious and falfe Infmuations, to reflect on the Courage of the Duke, for not beating them more the next Day. In order to this, he would have you believe, that - the Duke privately commanded fail to be flaken'd in the Night. This Reflexion has been fufficently refuted by others before me ; fo I fhall give my- felf, and the Reader, no further Trouble in proving what fo many thoufand Wit- nefles confirm'd, the perfonal Courage of the Duke of Tork on this Occafion : This is no more difputed, by Men of common Ingenuity, than the want of Candor in the Author, who reviles him. He fays, indeed, The T>uke deny*d giving any ftich Order > but he neither funiflfd Brunker for carrying it, nor Pen for obeying it. HJ indeed., fut Brunker out of his Ser- vice. 1 44 REMARKS on vice* This is as much as to fay^ that he did not punifh him, and he did punifh him. My Lord Brunker was neither SoU dier nor Sailor, a&ed under no Commif- flon ; and, coniequently, under no Cog- nifance of martial JufHce. He was of the Bed-chamber to the Duke, a Poft of Truft., Honour, and Profit, out of which he was turn'd with Difgrace. This was all that could be done on a Civil Account ; and was thought to be a Punifhment by every one, except our good-natur'd Author. P. 221, THE Reader will be entertain'd with another Specimen of his Juftice to the Duke of Tork. He is to give an Account of the Mifcarriage before Bergen in Nor- way, of which he fays thus : The Earl of Sandwich was fent to the North with a great Tart of the Fleet, to he for the Eaft- India Ships ; but he was thought too re- mifs. They got, before he was aware of />_, into Bergen in Norway ; if he had followed them quick,, he would ha've forced the Port, anff taken them all ; but he obferv'd Forms, and fent to the Viceroy of Norway to de- mand Entrance. This was deny'd him - 9 but while thefi Me/ages went backward and forward, the Dutch had fo fortiff d the En- trance into the Tort, that tho* it was at* tempted with great Courage, yet Tiddiman, and thofe who comfofed that Squadron, were beat tBi/bop 25utMt. 145 beat off with very great Lofs> and fore W to let go a very rich Fleet ; for which Lord Sandwich was very much blamed ; thtf he was fent Embaffador into Spain., that this T)ifgrace might be a little foftned by that Employment. The Tluke's Conduct was af- fb much blamed > and it was faid, that he was moft in the Fault ; but that the Earl of Sandwich was made the Sacrifice. I cannot doubt, but the Reader is fufficient- ly convinced of the Author's Malice to the Duke of Tork ; that he would take any Handle to mifreprefent, and give a wrong Turn to the perfonal Actions of that Prince, every one muft believe : But in this Cafe, he teems to have loft both Memory and Reafon, when he makes this abfurd ami fenfelefs Reflection. The Duke was at this time at London, above 150 Leagues from Bergen in Norway ; and yet he muft be refponiible for the ill Conduct of another, when, as he owns himfelf, the Succefs of the whole Affair, depended upon taking the Opportunity of a very few Hours. How- ever, the Duke was moft in the Fault, and my Lord Sandwich facrific'd, becaufe that Admiral did not rufh into the Port, as he ought to have done, without asking leave of the Vice-Roy. This is his own Account, notwithftanding which, without confide- ring the Circumftances of Time or Place, and the Impoiftbility of what he afTerts, his L boil- I4/S R E M A R K S on boiling Malice runs over, and fo drowns his Senfes, as to make him commit this unac- countable Blunder. e P. 229, He has this furprizing Sentence ; after a full Stop, he begins another Period with thefe Words : ftut to comfleat the Mijeries of this Tear, the 'Plague was Jo Junk in London, that the Inhabitants be- gan to return to it. What he means, is paft my Skill to difcover ; I cannot fee any Pro- bability of a typographical Error, without changing one Word for another, which is not a natural Miftake ; if this had been the Cafe, it would furely have been corrected by thofe who had the Care of reviling the Prefs, and put in among the Errata^ which they would have thought fit to have printed; tho', indeed, excepting this Abfurdity, there was not much occafion -, for the Book is ve- ry correcl: ,- fo that there is little to be laid at the Door of the Printer ; all the Faults are the Author's own, who lay certainly, at this time, under fome abfence of Mind, and thought not of what he was doing ; as juft before, when he blam'd the Duke of Tork, tho' five hundred Miles diftant, for the Mi carnage of my Lord Sandwich at Bergen. IN his Account of the Fire, /. 230, he tells us, One Hubert, a French Tapiji, was feiz?d on in Eflex, as he was getting out of the way in great Confttfion. He confefs'd that Gurnet- 147 that he began the Fire, and ferfifled in his ConfeJJlon till his Tteath ; for he was hang 4 upon no other Evidence but his own Con- fejfion. It is true, he gave Jo broken an Account of the whole Matter, that he was thought mad. Here is a very great Miftake in the Religion of the Man : He was born, bred, and dy'd a Proteftant, as appearM by the Oaths of feveral Frenchmen, who knew his Parents, Birth, and Education, at Rouen. Nor was it lefs prov'd, that he had for fome time before been diforderM in his Senfes, even to downright Madnefs. That this Man was a Proteftant, is even owivd by Mr. Eachard, who has taken the following ridiculous Story, as he fays, from a reverend Prelate, whom we may fuppofe to be our Author ; becaufe he gives the fame Account, f. 231. The moft extraordinary Pajfage, tho* it is but a Prefumftion, was told me by *Dr. Floyd and the Countefs of Clarendon ; the latter had a great Eft ate in the New River that is brought from Ware to London, which is brought together at Iflington. There was one Grant, a Tapift, * he had feme time before afflfd himfelfto Floyd, who had great Credit with the Countefs of Cla- rendon, and faid, that he could raife that Eftate confiderably^ if Jhe would make him a Truftee for her. . He went thither the Saturday before the Fire broke out,, and for the Key of the Tlace where the L 2 Heads 148 R E M A R K S on Heads of the 'Pipes were^ and turned all the Cocks that were then open, and jlopt the Water and went away , and car- ry* d the Keys with him ; fo when the Fire broke out the next Morning, they opened the Tipes in the Streets to find Water., but there was none ; and fome Hours were loft in fending to Islington, where the *Doorwas to be broke open, and the Cocks turned > and it was long before the Water got to Lon- don. Grant, indeed \ deny*d that he turn'd the Cocks ; but the Officer of the Works af- firm' d that he had, according to Order > fet them all a running ; and that no ^Perfbn had got the Keys from him befides Grant , who confefs'd he had carrfd away the Keys, but pretended he did it without 'Dejign. Before I proceed with the Detection of this Forgery, I muft beg the Reader's Patience, to let me make fome Remarks on the Bar- barity of this Stile ; as I have tax'd him with this Defect in the Beginning of my Book, I would charge him with nothing that I cannot juftify ; in order to which, I muft defire the Reader to take notice of fome Sentences in this laft Paragraph, viz. " the " New River that is brought from Ware to " London, which is brought together at If- " lington and calPd for the Key of " thePlace where the Heads of thePipes were, " and turn'd all the Cocks that were then o- " pen, and ftopt the Water and went away, and 149 <( and carry'd the Keys with him." Here, in three Lines, the Conjun&ion Copulative, and) is repeated five times fucceffively, with- out any change of the Confer uftion. How great a Solaecifm this is in Syntax, every School-Boy can tell ; and how untunable, the Ear of the Reader will beft decide. Be- fides this, he often repeats the Adverb fo feveral times together, in his Narration, tho' it fignifies nothing to the Senfe. This is the Fault of the moil vulgar and illiterate People in common Difcourle. But what is worft of all, is, his frequent ending, not on- ly Sentences, but fometimes Periods, with Praepofitions , in, at, up, with, for, to, by, &c. This Negligence, or rather Ignorance, ihews him to be as uncorredr., as fome other Defects, an injudicious Writer. But to re- rurn to his Tale : Here is a formal Account, which, if not true, required a fruitful In- vention to coin fuch a Story, attended with fo many Circumftances ; but we will con- vict him with a Record. Iflington, March 3, i7af, Captain John Grant admitted a Member of the New-River Company^ on Tuefday, September 25, 1666. No particular Member of the Company., has Power to order the Main to' be Jbut down ; nor can it ever be done^ without a particular 'Direction of the Board, of which Minutes are always taken y and there are L 3 11-0 150 'REMARKS OT no Minutes of this, as will appear by the Company's Books. Grant's Admittance on the 25th of t ember , twenty -three Days after the Fire, could have given him no more Authority at JJlington, the fecond of that Month, than if it happen'd but Yefterday ; the difference of Time, in this Cafe, was the fame, as if it had been a Platonick Revolution. WHAT Man of Probity, without better Grounds, would have transmitted to Pofte- rity a Story, fo cruelly injurious to the Me- mory of an honeft and innocent Man? He owns himfelf that he had it from an old Woman ; and it founds, indeed, like an old Woman's Tale. His other Evidence is not much better, his good Friend the old Pro- phet, who,though he could foretell what was to come, was not fure, it feems, of the pafh Tho' this reverend Witnefs was a Conju- rer in Chronology, and that fort of Lear- ning, in fome reipe&s he was a very weak Man, credulous to the laft Degree ; capable of believing any thing, tho' never fo ab- furd, of a Papift ; and not the moft tender in reporting the Story on the flighteft Au- thority. HE now proceeds to give an Account of the Rebellion, that broke out in Scotland, at 151 at this time. This fhews the Villany of the Men, who took this Opportunity to rife in Arms, when England was under fuch a Diftraftion and Calamity. The Author treats thefe Mifcreants with fo much Ten- dernefs, as if he would juftify the Aftion, if he durft. e P. 236, he thus bemoans their Death, when they were brought to condign Punifhment for their Crimes: It was .a moving Sight to fee ten of the Trifoners hangd ufon one Gibbet at Edenburgh ^thir- ty-five more were fent to their Counties, and hangd up before their own "Doors, their Mi- niflers all the while ufing them hardly ^ and declaring them damn d pr their Rebellion. They might all have fav*d their Lives, if th?y would have renounced the Covenant. Nothing is more aftonifhing than the Par- tiality of this Man, in reproaching the Go- vernment for acting in their own Defence, bv making Examples of thofe incorrigible Wretches, whom no repeated Ats of Mer- cy and Indulgence could reclaim. The Au- thor had furely forgotten the Cruelty of the Covenanters to the Cavaliers, only for act- ing by the CommifTion of their lawful Prince, which certainly very much alter'd the Cafe. When thofe wicked Men were in Power, Scotland faw her nobleft Blood fhed by the Hangman after another manner, if we can believe Sir George Mackenzie ^ who was in all refpe&s, as much more reputable L as R E M A R K S m as he was a greater Man than the Author. Mackenzie's Vindication., />. 23, Marque f- fes of Huntly and Montrofs, Trefident Spotfwood , Haddo , and feven hundred Gentlemen more, who dy*d by their Juftice Court, when their Covenant over-ruFd Law and Equity ; four hundred and ffty Gentle- men and Commoners who dy*d by the Juftice- Court of Argyle. Befides, the fame Au- thor tells you in another Place, that thefe godly Covenant ers, in cold Blood, at one time, flung fourfcore poor Women over the Bridge at Lithgow, only for following Montrofs's Camp. Thefe were Execu- tions with a Vengeance, of which no Hif- tory., in any Chriftian Country, can furnifh an Example. After this, the Author need- ed not have made fuch a Stir, for the Death of forty-five mean Perfons, out of two thou- fand, who had forfeited their Lives to the Laws : Though I very much queftion, whe- ther or no there were fo many as forty-five put to death at this time ; 'till I have better Authority, than the Word of an Author, who, as he has fo often prevaricated in the moft notorious Matters of Fact, may be iupposM not to be over-fcrupulous in ad- ding or diminifhing Numbers. On this Oc- cafion, the learned Bifhop gives us a Spice of his Divinity, in cenfuring the Minifters, for telling thefe Men that they would be damn'cj if they dy'd without Repentance. -- With With the reverend Author's Leave, this was certainly true, found, and chriltian Doctrine, if we believe the holy Scriptures, which have pronounc'd this Sentence on all who die impenitent ; efpecially in fp mortal a Sin as Rebellion, which the Spirit of God has thought fit to compare with that of Witch- craft. He fays they might have been fav'd, if they would have renounc'd the Covenant: This fhews the merciful Difpofition of that Government, and the invincible Obftinacy of thofe Men ; a Madnefs, which would have been lefs unaccountable, if the Authpr had been their ConfefTor. P. 237. They did all at their *Death give their Teftimony, according to their ^Phrafe^ to the Covenant, and to all that had been done purfuant to it ; and they exprefs*d great Joy in their Sufferings. Mofl of them were but mean and inconjlaerable Men in all refpetls y yet even thefe were firm and in- flexible in their Perfuafan. Many of them efcap'dj notwithstanding the great Search that was made for them. Guthry, the chief of their Preachers j was hid in my Mother's Houje, who was bred to her Brother WariP ton'j Principles, and could never be morfd from them. The laft Part of this Paragraph will pafs without Contradiction. By this it is evident, that good Mrs. 25utttt was truly defcended from Rachel Arnot ^ by keep- 154 REMARKS m keeping a Matter Bruce in her Houfe, as well as her Grandmother. If the Laws of Scotland are as fevere as thofe of England^ in the Cafe of harbouring Traitors , we have another Inftance of Treafon com- mitted by the Ladies of this Family. That Mrs. JSWtnet retain'd the Principles of her Brother, and her Son Gilbert thofe of his Mother , are both alike indifputable. I fhould not have taken notice of this Trifle, but to chaftife the Vanity of the Author, who is always talking of himfelf and his Fa- jnily ; nor would he have mention'd this Story of his Mother, but that he belie vM the Action meritorious. IN the fame Page, he entertains the Rea- der with the Execution of one of their Prea- chers. On this Occafion, the Author feems animated with an uncommon Tranfport of Admiration. One Macail, who was only a ^Probationer Preacher, and who had been Chaplain to Sir James StewardV Houfe, had gone from Edenburgh to them. He bore the Torture with great Conftancy ; and either he could fay nothing, or he had Firmnefs not to difcover thofe who had trufted him. E- uery Man of them could havefav'd his own Lifej if he would accufe any other y but they were all true to their Friends. Ma- cail, for all the 'Pains of the Torture, dy^d in a Rafture of Joy. His lafl Words were : f Farewel Sun, Moon, and Stars ; ferewel "Kin- 25umet 155 " Kindred and Friends ; farewel World and " Time ; farewel weak and frail Body ; wel- " come Eternity ; welcome An gels and Saints ; " welcome Saviour of the World ; welcome " God the Judge of all." Which heffoke with a Voice and manner, that Jlruck all that heard it. Here the Author is all Rapture, and feems carried away with an emulous Fervor at the aftonifhing Behaviour of thefe poor deluded Creatures, who dy'd in Im- penitence; which he is fo far from cenfuring, that on the other hand, one would think that he was writing a Martyrology of the Primitive Chriftians, and adorning the Me- mory of the Saints who fuffer'd under Ne- ro and *Dmlefian : But it is no wonder, after pitying the. Regicides in England, that he fhould have the fame Bowels, and Senti- ments of Tendernefs, for the Brethren in Scotland. IT is certain, that the laft dying Words of this unhappy Man, are pathetically mov- ing ; and, if ne had fuffer'd for a lefs hai- nous Caufe, would juftly have raised Com- paflion ; which can only refult from a firm Belief that the Party is inyur'd in not being guilty or, when by his Behaviour and Re- pentance he fo atones, as to make the Spec- tator forget the Crime, and the Penitent de- ferve to be innocent. But Atheifm has had its Votaries and Martvrs, as well as Reli- gion j 156 REMARKS^ gion ; and we have Inftances of Men, who have dy'd with as great Firmnefs and Refo- lution in denying the Exiftence of a God, where there could be no Hopes of a Reward, as the Apoftles themfelves in aflerting the Truths of Chriftianity. This Behaviour of the firft, undoubtedly rais'd Admiration ; but it was an Admiration attended with Horror, and not with Pity, THE Author is too partial to his own Countrymen, the Scotch Presbyterians; he dwells too long on their Praiies, without having --done the fame Juftice to our Eng- lijb Vennefj and his Fifth-Monarchy Men., who dyM >vith the fame Refolution, act- ing againft the fame Prince, and for the fame Caufe, vijs. the Setting of thrift upon his Throne, and breaking the Pow- ers of the Earth. If it (bourn be object- ed, that there were no People in Scotland of fuch Principles, by and by, in proper Time and Place, we will bring undenia- ble Inftances of the fame, if not greater Madnefs, in that Country. NOTWITHSTANDING the Provocation gi- ven by this new Rebellion, at a time when England was fo diftreft by two Calami- ties, the Plague, and afterwards the Fire ; the Author continues his Invectives again ft the Scoteb Adminiftratipn both in Church and Mi/hop 26utne(:. 157 and State, of which his Accounts are fb partial and unjiift, as to leave it doubtful, whether they are more falfe or malicious. But Sir George Mackenzie, who was even a better Divine that the Author, as well as a Lawyer, has fo fatisfa&orily vindica- ted the Conduct of that Government, in all Tranfaclions both Civil and Spiritual, that what Dr. 25UWet condemns as Se- verity$ was rather Lenity, an Indolence in the Adminiftration, that often had like to have prov'd very fatal ; they fcarce de- fended themfelves ; and if they had fuc- cumbM under thofe frequent Attacks, would rather have deferv'd the Name of Felons de fe., than Tyrants. Not content to abule the Civil Government, and the great Men in the Church, he falls at the fame time moft furioufly on the inferior Clergy ; but the Reader by this time, is fufficiently acquainted with the Temper of the Man, and confequently, cannot think it ftrange, after daring to cenfure the Mo- rals of the greateft and moft pious Prelates in England, that he fhould have no more Mercy on the poor Curates in Scot land ; but fo great is the Inconfiftency of this Author, that he conftantly forgets, and contradicts himfelf before his Ink is dry : He juft now reprefented the Presbyterians, as poor harmlefs Men, made mad by Op- preflion ; on which Account, he feems to 158 REMARKS^ to juftify their frequent Rebellions; b^t now he plainly fhews us that they were made in another Mould, not lefs rampant and untradable on Indulgence, than furi- ous and ungovernable under pretended Per-* fecution ; like fome curft and ill-natur'd Curs, that will bite the Hand which ftrokes, as well as that which corrects them ; for /. 247, he gives them this Character . The ^Presbyterians feeing a foftning in the Execution of the Law* and obferving that the Archbtjhofs were jealous of Lord Twedale, fancy'd that he was theirs in his Heart : 'Upon that they grew very in~ folent ; the Clergy was in many places ill z/j-V by them. After this Confeflion, when they come to be punifhM for thefe Mifdemeanors, he will immediately arraign the Government ; as if he thought that his Friends were not refponfible to the Laws, and that an Impunity for Crimes committed by the Saints, as well as Do- minion, was founded in Grace. e P. 261, He mentions a Defign, which was at this Time fet on Foot, to divorce K. CHARLES from Q+ Catherine ; on this Occafion he tells us, Other Stories were given out of the Green's Terfon, which were falfe ; for I fdw a Letter under the Kings own Hand, that the Mar- riage WAS confummated \ others talked of 'Polygamy Si/hop 159 "Polygamy : Lord Lauderdale, and Sir Rob- ert Murray, aslfd my Opinion ofthefe things ; / faid I knew fpeculatme 'People coula fay a great deal; in the way of Argument y for Tolygamy and 'Divorce : Tet thefe things were fo decry W, that they were rejected by all Chriftian Societies. After owning thus himfelf, that Polygamy and Divorce were unlawful, and rejected by all tian Societies, could any Man believe, this very Author had taken the Pains, write two Arguments in Defence of both ? firft of Divorce in cafe of Barrennefs, and of Polygamy in general, without any " Motive : Thefe Papers he put into the Hands of Lord Lauderdale, and others,V~_ with an Intent to further the Defign and Vy| defend the Injuftice. This Contradidiojt^^, of himfelf, in now denying what he had ^J juftify'd before, fhews the Integrity of the Man, as the Arguments themfelves the Or- thodoxy of the Divine, in oppofing whole Torrent of Antiquity, the De of the Church, and the unanimous Opinion of Civilians, Canonifts, Cafuifts, and Di- vines, in all Ages. We will entertain Reader with one of thefe Papers, w are entitled, Dr. Gilbert $UtIiet'.r Refo^-^r^ lution of two important Cafes of Confei* ^. ence. Queftion the firft. Is a Woman's Barrenefs a juft Ground for a Divorce, or for Polygamy * In this of Barrenefs, there are i<5o R E M A R K S on are fome Expreflions fb indecent, as would offend the fair Sex y for which reafon, we Ihall omit the Difcuffton of this Cafe in regard to the Ladies, who may do us the Honour to read thefe Remarks. THE fecondQueftion Is., is Polygamy iri any Cafe lawful under the Gofpel ? Re- folvU For anfwer it is to be conjidefd, that Marriage is a Contract founded upon the Laws of Nature, its End being the Tro~ Ipagation of Mankind-, and the Formality of doing it by Churchmen, is only a fuper- -venient Benediction ., or pompous folemni- z,ing of it ; and therefore the Nature of - Marriage, and not any Forms us'd in the Celebration of it, is to be confider* d. It's true, the Cafe is harder when any is mar- 'ried by fetch a Form as binds him to one 'Woman, than when he is bound only by the tye of Marriage conceived in general Terms. The Cafe of Mankind fince the Fall 'varies very much from what it was in Innocency ; for then the Soundnefs of their Bodies., and the 'Purity of their Minds, did keep out of the way, all the Hazards of Bar- rennefs, Sicknefs, 'Uncle annefs, or Croff- nefs of Humour > and therefore a fmgle Marriage j as being the per f eft eft Coali- tion of Friend/hip and Intereft was pro- per 161 fer to that State y and, fo God made but one Woman for one Man : But upon the Fall,, the Cafe varied hugely ^ and Fri- gidity, Barrennefs, IJnc haftity,, Crojfnefs of Humours ^ made the former Law not ft frofer for the following Race of Mankind: Tet Jtill a Jingle Marriage was the per- fetter, as being nearer the Original. Be- fore the Flood we find Lamech a 'Polyga- mifl y fuch were Abraham and Jacob afi ter it ; fo that this was not indulged by Mofes y for all that he did relating to thisj was only to allow of 'Divorce ^ which was a 'Provifi for the Hardnefs of the Ifraelites Hearts: Every Man was bound to maintain whom he had once married > left therefore fuch as defign'd another Wife, and could not maintain the former v, might ufe indirect Ways to be rid of them > this fair one of 'Divorce was allowed of by God y and this 'Polygamy was praxis'* d without either Allowance or Controul^ as the natural Right of Mankind. Neither is it any where marked among the Blemijh- es of the Patriarchs y DavidV Wives (and Store of them he had) are termed by the f Profhet J God's Gift to him : Tea, Toly- gamy was made.> infome Cafes., a *Duty by MofesV Law ; when any dy*d without Iffue., his Brother., or nearefl Kinjman^ was to marry his Wife for raijlng up Seed to him ; and all were obligd to obey this M under REMARKS on under the Hazard of the Infamy if they refund it ; neither is there any Exceptions made for fuch as- were marry W ; from whence I way -faithfully conclude, that what God made necejjary in fome Cafes to any degree, can in no cafe be jinful in it" fetf-> fi nc * God if holy in all his Ways : And thus far it appears that Polygamy is not con- trary to the Law and Nature of Marriage. But it is next to be examind, if it is fcrbid- den under the Gofpeb It is certain, ovr Lord defigrfd to raife Mankind to tie highefl De~ grtes of Purity and Chafiity ; and therefore our Lord and St. Paul do prefer a fingk Life to a married State, as that which qualifies us for the Kingdom of Heaven, and was loaded Ufhh the fewefl Incumbrances-, and by this Rule, a fingl? Marriage being next to none at all, is certainly moft fuitable to the Go/pel; but a fimple and exprefs Difcharge of Pohgamy is no ivhzre to be found: It is true, our Lord discharges Divorces, except in the Cafe of Adultery , adding, that whofoever puts avo his Wife upon any other Account, commits A- dultery, fo' St. Luke and St. Matthew in one Place have it j or commits Adultery, a- gdinft her, fo St. Mark has it ; or caufis her to commit Adultery, fo St. Matthew in an- other Place. If it be then Adultery to take another Woman after an unjuft Divorce, it will follow, that the Wife has that RigH to the Husband's Body, that he muft touch no other. This is indeed plaufibk -> and is all t it can Butnet. can be brought from the New Teftament, which feems convincing: Tet it will not bs found of Weight ; for it is to be confiderdy that if our Lord had been to antiquate ir'oly- gamy, it being jo deeply rooted in the Men of that Age^ confirm d by fuch famous and un- queftiorfd precedents, and rivetted by fo long a Prattice^ he ?nuft have done it plainly and authoritatively , and not in fuch an involved Manner., that it muft be fougot ont .of his Words by the jearch of Logic k-> neither are thefe dark Words made more clear by any of the Apoflles in their Writings. Words are to be- carried no further than the Defign upon which they were written will lead them to ; fo that our Lord being in that Place toftrike out Divorces fo explicitely, we muft not by a Conference con* demn Polygamy fince it feems not to have fallen within the Scope of what our Lord does there difprovz. Be fides, the Term Adultery may be taken in general jor fuch a Breach of Wed- Iock 3 as is equivalent to Adultery j and fuch is an unjufl Divorce. This may be the Impor- tance of the Phraife ufed by St. Mark, he committeth Adultery againft her; or all may be better explain d by the Phrafe St. Mat* thew ufes about it^ in one Place ^ he caufes her to commit Adultery , fince he that expofeth and lempteth to fin^jhares in the Guilt with thePer- fon that fuccumbs : And from this it appears^ that Polygamy is not dtclard Adultery ', neither in the Place cited, nor any other that I know of. M 2 But i that in fome Places, they who mar- ried the fecond time, were put to do Penance for it: And, indeed, both Jew and Gentile had run into fuch Excefs, by their free Com- mixtures, that it is no Wonder if the holy Men of thefe Ages, being frovokd to a jufl Zeal againji fuch unjiift P radices, muft have been carried thro' the immoderate fwaying of* the Counter foife into fome Extreams on the^ other Hand : Therefore to conclude this foort Anfwer, wherein many things are hinted, which might have been enlarged to a Volume, 1 fee nothing fo fir ong againft Polygamy as to ballance the great and vifible emminent Ha- zards that hang over fo many thoufands, if it be not allowed. THE Refolution of thefe two Cafes, is at- tefted by Dr. Taterfon Archbifhop of Glaf. 16$ goto, in the following Form, under his Hand and Epifcopal Seal Manual : AT Edinburgh > this fifth Day of Janu- ary one thoufand feven hundred and three Years. That the above-written Refolution of thefe two Cafes, viz. (is a Woman's Bar- rennefs a juft Ground for Divorce, or Poly- gamy ; and is Polygamy in any Cafe lawful under the Gofpel ?) contained in this and the two foregoing Pages, i'a true Copy of what I faw, read and Copy'd, from the ori- ginal Manufcript written with Dr. Gilbert S&UtWt's own Hand ; and which I copy'd over at Ham^ in the Year 1680 ; the Origi- nal being then in the Pofleffion of the late Duke of Lauderdale, by whofe Allowance and Confent, I took a Copy of it, I do here- by folemnly atteft, as Witnefs my Hand and Seal, Day, Year, and Place, above written / L. S. . THIS Copy is taken from the Original at- tefted by the Archbifhop of Glajgow, now in Poflellion of the honourable Archibald Campbell^ where it may be feen, if there i^ Occafion. THE Heterodoxy of thefe Opinions muft be left to Divines and Cafuifts, whofe Pro- vince it is to confute them. But we can- M 3 no| 166 RE M ARKS M not part with this Subject without making one Remark : He allows CroiTnefs of Hu- mour to be one Reafon for Plurality of Wives. But with Submiffton, we cannot think that a good Argument to induce any one to make a new Trial ; one Scold is enough in a Houfe ; and when a Man is fo unfortu- nate as to meet with that ill Quallity in one Woman, the Devil is in him if he ventures on another. ^ : T WHEN the Author gave thefe Papers to Duke Lander 'dale , with an Intention to juf- tify that wicked Defign of repudiating Queen KATHARINE, it is hardly credible, that he told his Patron., that what he had maintain'd was fo unlawful, as to be rejec- ted by all Chriftian Societies. That thefe were his own true Sentiments of this Mat- ter is certain. As he thought fit to marry three Wives in his Life, if the Laws would have allow'd, confidering the Frame of the Man in Body and Mind, no doubt can be made, but that he would have been infi- nitely pleas'd to have had his little Seraglio, and enjoy'd them all three together. SP. 262. At this time the Court fell into much Extravagance in Mafquerading ; both King and Queen and all the Court went about masked y and came into Houfes unknown, and danc'd there with a great deal of wild Fro- t. 167 Frolic k > in all this Teople were fo difguis'd, that without being in the Secret none could diflinguijh them. They were carried about in Hackney -Chairs. Once the Queen's Chair- men, not knowing who Jbe was, went from her ; fo /be was alone, and much difturtfd, nnd came to Whitehall in a Hackney Coach, fome fay it was in a Cart. This is a fmart Attack upon the Court ; and fhews the Doc- tor's profound Knowledge even in Maf- querades. Firft, They were fo difguis'd that no Body could diflinguijh them. It* that had not been their Intention, they would not have been in Malquerade. Ah, but they went about in Hackney-Chairs for the very fame Rcalba ; if they had gone in their own, every Body would have known them. But the Cream of the Jeft is, that the Queen went home in a Cart. This is all the Au- thor's own ; and he thought it an extraor- dinary Flight of Wit and Satyr, without comldering the Abfurdky of the thing. E- very one, who is acquainted with the Town of London, knows, that no Carts, except Gold-finders, ply in the Streets late at Night, tho' Coaches and Chairs may be had at any Hours. THE remaining part of this Paragraph is equally as filly: The c Duke of Buckingham proposed to the King, that he would zi've him to fteal her away, and fetitTber to a M 4 Plait- 168 REMARKS e 'Plantation * where foe Jkould be well and carefully looked to ; but never heard of more : So it Jkould be given out that Jhe had defer- ted > and upon that, it would fall in with feme Principles to carry an Att for a C D/- vorce, grounded upon pretence of wilful 'De- fertion. This is a Stretch of Politicks be- yond all the Machiaviels that ever were. If this Story can be true, none but fuch an extravagant Man as the Duke of Bucking- ham, was capable of faying fo ridiculous a thing in Jeft ; and none but fuch an Hifto- rian as Dr. 25ttlPnet to tell it again in ear- nefr. To fteal private Children was former^ ly ufual ; but to Kidknap a Queen, attend- ed with fo many Guards, is fomewhat new and extraordinary. In this Cafe, that flie fhould never be heard of any more, we muft fuppofe, that her numerous Family of Ser- vants, who depended on her, would never enquire after their Miftrefs., any more than her Friends and Relations in Portugal, How to clear the Author, and bring this Project within the Bounds of Poflibility, will be no eafy Matter ; unlefs we imagine that they might furprife this poor Princefs in her Cart, and then the Thing would be feafible. f P. 164. Speaking of my Lord Roche jlerj he fays, That he found out a Footman that knew all the. Court ; and be furnijb'd him 2Butnet. with a red Coat and a Musket ^ as a Genti- nel; and kept him all the Winter long every Night, at the T)oors offuch Ladies as he be- lie-Jd might be in Intrigues. All Centinels are polled and reliev'd by Corporals ; if the Perfons themfelves, or their Servants, had not difcover'd the extraordinary Honour that was done them, by this new Mark of Diftin&ion at their Door, the Corporals, when they went their Rounds to relieve the Centinels, would foon have dete&ed the counterfeit Red-coat, and have carried him Prifoner to the Guard. So ridiculous a Sto- ry was never told by a Man of Senfc before. This {hews the Credulity and Ignorance of this Writer, who, for want of Judgment to diftinguifh between what is probable and what is abfurd , often believes common- place Stories, runs away with the little Chit-chat of the meaneft People, and with thefe Impertinencies thinks to embelliih his Memoirs. We fhall hereafter have more remarkable Inftances of his picking up Cof- fee-Houle Stories., and perpetuating to Po terity the Lies of the Day, which, without fuch a Regifter as the Author, generally ex<- pire as foon as they are born. P. 272. No Jboner was the Kingat eafe^ and had his Fleet put in good cafe, and his- Stores and Magazines well fur nififd, than. he immediately fell to negotiating with France, I yo REMARKS 00 France, both to ruin Holland, and fubvert the Government of England. THIS Defign in the King, of fubverting the Liberties of England, has often, with a furprizing Temerity, been charged on this Prince by the Author. That the Affront at Chatham fluck in his Stomach is no Won- der ; and if he had a mind to chaftife the T)utch for that Indignity, it was but Pru- dence to fortify himfelf with ftrong Allian- ces ; all wife Princes and Governments j on the fame Occafion, ufe the fame Precautions ; -but when they take thefe Meafures, it is not to be iaferr'd from thence, that they muft confequently have a Defign on the Liberties of their own People. This is all the Reafon he feems to afilgn, viz. the Alliance with France, for tliii uajuft Charge on CHARLES II. It the Reputation of private Men is dearer than Life, that of great Princes is cer- tainly as facred. Till the charitable Author thinks fit to give us fome more plaufible Reafons, fome greater Motives of Credibi- lity to influence our Faith in this Matter, we muft beg his Excufe, if we cannot be- Jieve him. If this King had really fuch nicked Defigns, it is flrange that he fhould never attempt to put them in Execution ; he had it in his Power to have gone a great way, if we may credit the Author's own Accounts; a wicked Minifhy, a corrupt Parliament devoted to the Court, and a ftrid 25urnet 171 ftrict Alliance with the itrongeft Power ia Eurofe to back him, muft needs have put him in fuch a Situation, as probably to have enabled him to carry his Point, if he had been capable of forming fo unjuft a Projer. All the Wor-d knows, that this cautious Prince rejected thtaibitrary Schemes, of my Lord Shaft sbury, which Virtue had like to have coft him fo dear ; his habit of Life, his Manners and Conduct, his Indoltivje and Averiion to Enterprizes of Hazard, plainly confute \tlie Abfurdky of this Accu- lation againft CHARLES II. who, if he had been carried away by no other Luft, but that of Power, might have made as good a Chriitian as he was a King. This Averfion to King CHARLES, which is evident by fo conflant a Train of Calumny, is not the mcft unaccountable Part of Dr. SUtttet's Con- duct ; ill Men will always gratiry their Re- venge at the Expence of their Honour and Confcience. The great Penetration and Knowledge of Men, peculiar to this Prince, made him, fooner than others, difcover the Cloven-foot of the Author: This he thought; fit to communicate to his Brother, and to warn him to be on his Guard againil: fo dangerous a Man. This the good Chriitian Bifhop could never forgive ; Manet alta Mente refojlum. But for his Injuftice to the Duke of Tork, no tolerable Reafon can be furmis'd ; that Prince loaded him with Favours, 171 R E M A R K S on Favours, and never difoblig'd him ; had the Goodnefs to protect him, and take his part, when all Men of Honour had abandon'd him. Nor was this all, would have employ'd his Intereft to have got him Preferment ; to all which Bounties we have feen the impious Return that he has made. As we cannot account for this Conduct, we muft have re- courfe to the Accidents in Nature j who is fometimes irregular, and produces monftrous Minds., as well as Bodies. T. 275, He gives us the Reafon of his wonderful Efteem for Dr. Leighton. Leigh- ton was the only *Perfon among the Bijhofs who declared for thefe Methods. In the next Page he gives you the Particulars. Hefro- pos^d, that the Church Jhould be governed by the Bijhofs and their Clergy mixing together in the Church Judicatory, in which the Bi- Jhop Jhould aft only as a Prejident., and be determined by a Majority of the Tresbyters., both in Matters of jurisdiction and Ordi- nation. And that the ^Presbyterians fljould be allowed, when they fat down firjl in thefe ^udicatories, to declare, that their Jitting under a Bijhop was fubmitted to by them on- ly for *Peace fake with a Refervation of their Qpinion,with relation to any fuch Pre- Jldency ; and that no negative Vote Jhould be claimed by the Bijbop. That Bijhofs Jhould go to the Churches, in which fitch as ~ were 173 were to be ordained were to ferve, and hear and difcufs any Exceptions that were made to them, and ordain them 'with the Concur- rence of the ^Presbytery. That fuch as were to be ordain* d jhould have Leave to declare their Opinion^ if they thought the Bijbop was only the Head of the 'Presbyters. And he alfo propo fed that there Jhould be provincial Synods, to Jit in Courfe every third Tear, or oftner, if the King Jhould fummon them ; in which Complaints of the Bijhops Jhould be receiv'dj and they Jhould be c en fur* d accor- dingly. The Laws that fettled Epifcopa- cjj and the Authority of a national Synod ^ were to be altered according to this Scheme. The Author has told us before, that Leight- ton confulted him in all theie Matters : So that according to this Leightonian and JStttf- netttatt Scheme, Epifcopacy was to be melt- ed down into the Dregs of Presbytery. This would have been a noble Hierarchy, indeed, where the Biihop was a perfect Cypher, without the Authority of a prefent Mode* rator in the General AfTemblies. The o- bliging them to go to the Place of Ordina- tion in the refpe&ive Parifhes, was a little fevere ; efpecially in our Author, who would not allow the Scotch Bifhops the ufe of Coaches. As we muft fuppofe them ge- nerally old Men, and liable to the Infirmi- ties of Age, Gout, or Stone, which might have prevented their being able to ride on Horfe- 174 REMARKS wi Horfe-back, they muft have been forq'd to have walk'd on Foot to every Ordinatibn in a large Diocefs ; this would nave been a fine Employment for poor old Men. After* this Account, which he has given in this pofthu- mous Work, the Reader will be very much furpriz'd to hear, that this very Author absolutely deny'd this Story of his Friend Leighton above fifty Years ago ; by which we may^ fee, that his whole Life has been one uninterrupted Scene of Difingenuity, and how little we can depend on the Credit of a Man, who will fay and unfay the very fame things, according as his preient Views and Intereft led him. The reverend and learned Dr. Hicks _, whofe Probity was un- exceptionable, has given us the following Account of this Infmcerity, in a Difcourfe on Dr. 5$tMt?t, &c. above thirty Years paft- It was upon the Score of Latitudinaria- nifm and myjlical 'Devotion, that he lorfd to extol 'Dr. Leighton, tbo*, by fome Canons he has cited in his Hiitory of the Rights of Princes, he was an 1)fiirfer of the See of Glafgow- Hisadmir > d c Dr. Leighton was fo great a Libert me in ComfrehenfiOHj that he freely offered to tranfatt all things in the Government of the Church _, with his 'Presbyters, by plurality of Suffrages ; ftriff- /y fpeaking, as if he were no more than a Tresbyter among them. Archbijhop ffilttttCt, into wbife Chair he intruded, told f Doffor Gun- Hi/top 25tmtef. 175 Canning, Bijhop of Ely 3 this Story of his In- truder ; and he wondring, that any Bi 'hop Jhould give up that Tower ^without which be could not att as a Bijhop, asked 'Dr. 25llt- HCt the truth of it , which he pofitirely deny*d ; This ^Denyal of his,, obligd the good Archbijhop for his Vindication, to refer Bi- Jhop Gunning to a Book he had left with a Friend^ fir the Truth of what he had told him of the comprehenftve Latitude of T)r. Leighton. / faw the Book , and remember it was printed at Glafgow, and it Jo fully fatisfy'd the Bi/hop, that he took it home with him ; but before he went^ made fome Reflections on the Ingenuity of 'Dr. IN the following Pages, the Author gives a long Account of the Indulgence grant- ed by the Government to the Scotch Pres- byterians, and of the brutal Ingratitude of thefe People, who would not accept the Fa- vours offer'd, but flew in the Face of Au- thority. Their ConducT: on this Occafion was fo extravagant, by his own Confeflion, as to juftify any future Severity in the Ad- miniftration towards a Set of Men., who could not deferve that Quarter which they would not take. T. 301 j He relates the Arrival of the Dutcheis of Orleans in England-, as to her Defign in taking this Journey he gives this Ac- I7<5 REMARKS^ Account : The Kings Sifter, the whom feme blanfd for leaving his Ship toofeon ; then his fer final Courage began firft to be caWdin queftion. The Au- thor, when he fays that this was the firft time that his Courage was call'd in queftion, forgets the Pains that he took to make the World 25urnet 179 World believe, that the Duke brder'd Sail to be flacken'd by Night, in the preceeding "War. But to return to the prefent Affair; the Duke's Ship was fo difabled., that (he lay a Wreck on the Water, upon which he went into the Boat ; and tho' all about him moft earneftly intreated, that he would ftrike his Flag, he would not confent ; his Courage furmounted his Prudence ; he difplayM his Colours, and with a triumphant Bravery in- fulted the Foe in his Cockboat ; this diftin* guifh'd him to be there in Perfon, and ex- pos'd him to the incefTant Fire from the whole Line of the Enemy, who endeavour'd to fink him ; but by a happy Temerity he pafs'd thro' them all, got on board a frefh Ship, where he hoifted his Flag, reftor'd the Fight, and renew'd his Dangers. Where- as, if he had continu'd in the difabled Ship, he would have been tow'd out of the Battle, and falling back behind the Line, have re- main'd in perfed Safety^ Whether the Ig- norance or Malice of this Reflection is greater, let the World judge* THE Author has, in feveral Places of his Book, tax'd King CHARLES with Coldnefs and NegleQ: of the Prince of Orange's Inte- refts m Holland; but he now forgets himfelf, and gives us a contrary Account. P. 324. They fent two Embajfadors, Dickvelt and Haiewyn, to join with Borel, who was jlill N a in 180 R E M A R K S on in England, to try if it was fojjlble to di~ 'vide England from France ; and the Mor- ning in which they were difpatctfd away, they had fecret 'Powers given them to treat concerning the ^Prince 0/*Orange'j being their Stadtholder ; for Lord Arlington had Jo of- ten reproactfdQw&\for not doing it> that he in all his Letters continued ftill to frefs that on them, &c. Nptwithftanding my Lord Arlington was one of the corrupt Mi- nifters, according to the Author's Character, yet we fee that he had always ftrenuoufly preft to have the Stadtholderfbip for the Prince of Orange ; by which it is evident, that the King was not fo very remifs in the Interefts of his Nephew, as it has been of- ten infmuated by this Writer. < P. 338, After plentifully railing at Duke Lander dale, he fays, I foon grew fo weary of the Court, tho"* there was fcarce a Ter- Jonfo well it fed by him as my felfwas, that I went out of Town. How far this good tr- iage, and his Gratitude to that Nobleman, on whom he has made Reflections foreign to an Hiftorian are confident, we leave the World to judge. But his Spight to the Wife was not lefs than that to the Husband. He has, in the next Page, painted the Dut- chcfs of Lander dale \\\ Colours not the moft advantagious ; tho* I have feen a Copy of Verfes written at this very time by Di% 181 23ttf ttttj who had then it feems other Senti- ments for that great Lady : The Flattery was as grofs and fulfome, as the Poetry was wretched ; fo very mean,, that a common School-Boy wou'd have been afham'd to have own'd it : Tho' there was nothing but Angel in every Line, it is pofTible, that fhe was not fo fair as the Poet wou'd make her, nor fb foul as the Hiftorian defcribes her. Tt is highly probable, that the Sincerity of the Author was equal in both Capacities. e P. ibid. I war fent for, and continued in fitch high Favour, that I was again trfd if I would accept of a Bijhofrick, and was fromifed the firfl of the two Archbijhopricks that Jhould fall : But I was ftill fix* d in my former Resolutions not to engage early, being then but nine and twenty, &c. For this we have only his bare Word ; I would not pre- judice or influence the Reader ; but for my own Part, I have fo much a ftronger Opi- nion of his Ambition than Modefty, that I rauft own I cannot believe him, N 3 REMARKS REMARKS Hiftorical and Critical : BOOK III. E begins his third Book with defcribing the Situation of Af- fairs at the Meeting of the Parliament in Seventy -three. At this time the King was in very ill Circumftances ; he was engag'd in a War, and wanted Money to fupport it. His Minifters had put him upon two Projects, which were both thought illegal by his People : The firft was the Decla- ration for Liberty of Confcience , with- out Confent of Parliament : This was dif- penfing with the Laws. The other was, ifluing Writs out of Chancery for electing Mem-? R E M A R K s on Bp. Members in the vacant Boroughs, during the Intervals of Parliament : This had been the ancient Cuftom ; but the Houfe of Com- mons having got PoflefTion of this Right, would not let go their Title of Prefcription. My Lord Shaftsbury, who was now at the Head of the Miniftry, was the chief Advi- fer in both thefe irregular Steps. Let us fee the Author's Account. C P. 346. The Money was exhaufted, Jo it was neceffary to have a SeJJion of 'Parliament ; and one was called in the Beginning of the Tear. At the Open- ing of it, the King excused the ijfumg out the Writs, as done to fave time, and to have a full Houfe at their frft Opening ; but he Left that Matter wholly to them. Hejfoke of the ^Declaration for Liberty ofConfcience m another Stile : He faid he had feen the good Effefts of /r, and that he would ftick to it and maintain it. He faid, he was engagd in a War for the Honour of the Nation ; and there- fore he demanded the Supplier neceffary to carry it on. On thefe Heads, Lord Shaftsbury en- largd ,- but no fart of his Speech was more a" mazing than that, [peaking of the War with the Dutch 5 he faid y Delenda eft Carthago ; yet while he made a bafe complying Speech^ infa~ vour of the Court and of the War, he was in a fecret Management with another Party. Hard Fate of Princes ! they muft fee with Other Mens Eyes, and yet be refponfible for N . REMARKS^ other Men's Faults. Neceflity obliges them to make ufe of fubfervient Agents, who, when thro' Imprudence or Defign,they have embarrafs'd their Mailers, to efcape the ri- fing Storm, tack about in time, and make their Peace with the People at the Expence of the in jur'd Sovereign. Thefe two Efforts were the only Actions that look any thing arbitrary in the Reign of King CHARLES II ; both thefe Pretenfions he foon furren- der'd to the Remonftrances of his People ; which Confideration fhould have induced our Author, to have been a little more juft to the Character of this Prince, whom his own Confeflion allows to have been fo bafe- ly betrayM. P. 348. It had been much debated In the Cabinet what the King flwuld do : Lord Clif- ford and Duke Lauderdale were for the Kings Banding his Ground. Sir Ellis Leighton affur'd me, that the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Berkley offer d the King., that if he would bring the Army to Town, that they would take out of both Uoufes the Members that made the Oppofe- tion. He fancied that the Thing might eajily be brought about ; and that if the King would have affed with the Spirit thaihe fometimesput on, they might have carried their Bujinefs. Dtd'e Lauder- dale talRd of bringing the Army out of Scotland, &e. If this is true,it is a fufficient Juilification of Bifiop 28untCt- 185 of King CHARLES, and acquits him from the repeated Accufations of the Author in regard to his arbitrary Defigns. By his Re- fuial to follow this wicked Advice, it is plain, that he never had fuch Intentions when no Opportunity could tempt, and no Neceflity force him, tho' the Thing was practicable, to make any Attempt on the Liberties of his People. This is the Burden of the Song in the Author's conftant Charge againft this Prince, as if it were a Crime to be ill ad- vis'd, and no Virtue to rejeft the evil Coun- cil. e P. 554. Lord Sunderland was a Matt. of a clear and ready Apprehenfion. He had the ^Dexterity of infinuating himjelf Jo intirely into Jo great a 'Degree of Confi- dence with three Jucceedine Trinces, who fet up on different Interejts, 8cc. Two of thefe Princes muft be King CHARLES and King JAMES, who were both Papifts ; the one fecret, according to our Author, the other avow'd ; and, if we can believe him, had both the fame conftant, fettled, uniform Defign of introducing Popery : How came they then to fet up on different Interefts ? This is a manifeft Inconfiftency ; and {hews how neceflary it is for Writers to keep with- in the Paths of Truth ; when once they wander, led by no other Guide than their Paillons, they foon lofe their Way, are be- wil- REM A RKS on wilder'd in the Mazes of Error, and plunge into the greater! Abfurdities. IN the following Pages, he entertains his Reader with very advantagious Accounts of himfelf, in which his Vanity is infupporta- ble ; the King and the Duke confult him as an Oracle, not only in his own Profeffion, but even in Politicks ; no Body could give them Accounts of Scot land but Dr. when they had fo many abler Men, on whofe Capacity they could better rely, as well as Integrity. The King by his Praifes raifes him Envy $ and the Duke of Buckingham falls in love with him, as foon as ever he faw his Face. This Vanity is always attended by a certain Weaknefs and Impotence of Mind; when a Man is conceited fo much of his own Merit, he will have but a to- lerable Opinion of his Neighbours $ for whoever is always commending himfelf, will feldom fpeak well of others. P. 359. 7 carried a Volume of Judge CrookV lo Urn (Duke of York) in which it if reported, that King James had once in Coun* cil cofnplaind of a Slander cafl on him, as if he war inclind to change his Religion-, and had folemnly vindicated himfelf from the Imputation j and prayd, that if any Jhould faring out of his Loins, thatjhcvld maintain any other Religion, than that which he maintain d and frofefi'd, 'that ftof Gurnet- 187 that God would take km out of the World. He read it , but it made no ImynJJion* And when 1 urgd him with fome things in hif Father's Book) he gave me the Account of it that way formerly mentioned. If this Account given by Judge Crook is true, it acquits that Prince from all this Author's flanderous Infmua- tions of his being inclined to Popery. But there are certain Men in the World, who, tho' in their Principles as to Religion, they have no great Opinion of the Efficacy either of Prayers, or Curfes, yet to ferve a turn, and blaft the Royal Family in the Opinion of the World ; as if the Pofterity of this Prince were abandoned by Heaven upon this Malediction of their Anceftor, with Ve- hemence fupport this Story, and are very angry if you will not believe them, while the fame Men the very next Moment with equal Warmth will ftrenuouily alTert that King JAMES I. was a Papift, not reflecting; on the Unnaturalnefs of the Abfurdity, in making a Man angry with others, for being of the lame Opinion with himielf. The Book he mentions is the famous 'EJXWP Bao-iAotw written by King CHARLES I. In the Be- ginning of this pofthumous Work, Dr. J5ut- nCt has been pleas'd to tell us, that in a Con- verfation with the Duke of Tork , that Prince affur'd him that the 'Eixwx Ba and we (hould have had more reafon to be- lieve him in this Point, if he had not con- defcended to accept a much worfe, inferior in every refpet_, both in Revenue and Dig- nity, as foon as he could get it. Thus the moft afpiring and ambitious of Men,fets up for a Pattern of the oppofite Virtues. As to this Story, it is my firm Opinion, that there is not one Man in England believes him. 7P. 379*. he brings us to that famous Af- fair which made fo much Noife, his Accu- fation of Duke Lauderdale before the Houfe of Commons. Here the Author, thro* a vifible Confcioufnefs, endeavours to palliate fo vile an Action. Let us hear what he can fay for himfelf. The Houfe of Commons fell ufon REMARK 'Sow ufon Duke Lauderdale , and thofe who knew what had pajid between him and me, motfd that IJhould be examirid before a Committee. I was brought before them. Itold them how 1 bad been commanded out of Town. But tho that was illegal, yet fence if had been let fall, it was not infifted on. 1 was next examind con- cerning his Defign of arming the Irifh Papifts. Jfaid, 7, as well as others, heard him fay, he wijh d the Presbyterians in Scotland would re- bel, that he might bring over the Irilh Papifts to cut their Throats. I was next examind con- cerning the Defign of bringing a Scottifh Army into England. / defied to be excus'd as to what had pafs'd in private Difcourfe, to which 1 thought I was' not bound to anfwer, unlejs it were High-Treafon. They prefsd me long, and I would give them no other Anfwer. So they all concluded that I knew great Matters, and reported this fpecially to the Houfe. Upon that I was fent for, and brought before the Houfe. I flood upon it as I had done at the Committee , that I was not bound to anfwer ; that nothing had pafs'd that was High-Treafon , and as to all other Things, 1 did not think my felf bound to difio'ver them. I faid farther, I knew Duke Lauderdale was apt to fay Things in a Heat, which he did not intend to do j and fines he had ufedwy felf fo ill, I thought my felfrhe more ob- liged, not to fay any thing that look'd like Re- venge 3 for what 1 had met with from him. I was brought four times to the Bar. At lafl I was 20rnet. 19 j toldj the Houfe thought that they had a Right to examine into every Thing that concerned the Safety of the Nation j as well as into Matters of Treafon : And they looked on me as bound to fatisfy them , : Other- wife they would make me feel the Weight of their heavy ^Difpleafure '., as one that con* ceaPd what they thought was necejfary to be known , 'IJpon this I yielded j and gave an Account of the ^Difcoiirfe formerly men- tion* d. They laid great Weight on this^ and renewed their Addrefs againft 'Duke Lauderdale. THIS is his Account of the Fat ; we will next fee what he fays in his own Defence; / was much blam d for what I had done. Some to make it look the worfe j added \ that I had been his Chaplain, which was falfe ) and that I had been much obliged to kirn., tho* I had never received any real Obligation from him, but had done him great Services, for which I had been very un- worthily requited. Tet the Thing had an ill Appearance, as difclofng what had faf- fed in Confidence ; tho"* I made it a very great Gjueftion how far even that ought to bind a Man, when the 'Defigns are very wicked,, and the *Perfon continued jlill in the fame Toft and Capacity of executing them. I have told the Matter as it was, and mud leave my felf to the Cenfure of O the 194 REMARKS an the Reader. My Love to my Country, and frivate Friend/hips carried me perhaps too far y ej^e dally fmce I had declared againft Clergy-Mens medling in fecular Affairs, and yet had run my felf fo deep in them. This is all he can fay for himfelf; but be- fore we examine his Defence of the FacTr, we muft take notice how grofly he contra- dicts himfelf. Some few Pages before, he told us how well he was treated by Duke Lauderdale j and that he offered him the firft Arch-Biflioprick that fhould fall ; tho' now he afTerts that he had no Obligation to that great Miniiter. Whether he is juft in this AiTertion or no, let all the Clergy in England judge. For a private Man, who had at this time no great Preferment, if any, to be not only offer'd, but prefs'd to accept the moft eminent Station and Dignity in the Church, would have been thought a very great Obligation by any Man, except r )5urnet. As the Reputation of the Author will in- tirely ftand or fall by a juft and fair Decifion of this Matter, I fhall be very tender of doing him wrong, for which Reafon, I have given the Reader his whole Defence. Be- fore we can be competent Judges of this Cafe, it will be neceiTary to enquire into the Circumftances of Time, as well as the Motives of the Information. It is certain in 195 in all Confpiracies againft a Government, if there is a form'd Defign, ready to be put in Execution immediately ; if the Dagger is at the Throat of the Prince, or Magiftrate, and nothing can prevent the Blow, but a time- ly Diicovery ; in fuch an Exigency all Con- fiderations muft vaniih ; Wife and Children, Friends, all Obligations tho' never fo ftrong, muft be facrific'd to the publick Safety. But this was not the Author's Cafe ; fome of the Words -were fpoken in Paflion, by his own Acknowledgement, without the Ap- pearance of any Defign ; and all was paft two Years before the Difcovery^ In the Cafe of Words, the Wifdom of our Laws has allotted a certain Number of Days for Information ; after which, any Ac- cufation fhall be deem'd malicious, and judgM to proceed from fome intervening Relentment : But here had been a long In- terval of Time, during which, the Author had maintained the fame Habit of Life in Regard to Duke Lattderdale., with the fame Proteilions of Service and Friendfhip ; nor was this all. he dedicated a Book to him entitled, A Vindication of the Laws, &c. In this Dedication the Flattery is daub'd fo thick as to turn the Reader's Stomach : He tells his Patron ; How worthily be bore that great Character ^ praifes him for the hug and uninterrupted Tranquillity that Kingdom had enjoyed under his wife and O 2 haffy I9<5 R E M A R K S on happy Condutt ; he acknowledges, the particular Engagements by which he was t bliged to him y that it was not ft for him to exprefs the Senfe of them, for fear he jhould feem- to flatter him. At lait he tells the Duke, that from him alone they expected a happy Settlement. All this to a Man, in whom he had difcoverM ib nefa- rious a Defign as the en (laving and Deftruo tion of his Country, which is one Kind of Parricide. Confcious of all this, when he defigrTd to turn Informer, lie rightly judged, that it would difcredh his Evidence, to have all thefe authentick Proofs of his Infincerity brought againft him ; upon which, he re- folv'd to ftifle this Dedication if potfibly he could ; being juitiy afham'd, that the World Ihould fee what Incenfe he had offer'd to that very Man, whom now he was going to facrifice. The learned Doctor Hicks '_, who liv'd at this Time, and was an Eye Witnefs of thefe Tranfadions, has given many Years ago an Account of this Management, the Knowledge of which will inftrucl the Rea- der. Not long after fr in ting this Book at Glafcow, he brought a great fart of the Imprejfwn to London, where he fold it to Mr. Mofes Pic ; and not long after he came to him, to defer e him with great Earneflnefs to fell the Copies of it without the 'Dedica- tion ,' for by this time the 'Duke had fallen out with him, and difcardsd him^ for fome Arts op urtlCt 197 Arts and Qualities he had obfer-ifd in him., 'which I need not name. Mr. Pitt gave him very good Reafons, why he ought not to do Jo ; and particularly told him, he could not hone ft ly fell an imp erf eft for a perfect Copy. iJpon which he was angry, and threatened him with the Lofs of all the Favours he intended to do him in his Trade. This Mr. Pitt can teftify, if he is living ; if not, it can be attefted by an honourable Terfon, who heard him follicit Mr. Pitt to this bafe and unworthy 'Practice. But tho* Mr. Pitn would not confent to fell the Books without the ^Dedication, yet he was content to let him have them again ; and Jo they came a- broad without it ; and Jo hard it was, *till it was privately reprinted, to get one fmgle Copy with it, that I profefs 1 could never get fuch a one, ''till a Gentleman prefented me with one out of his private Study : And when he had delated his ^Patron to the Houfe of Commons j Sir A. Forreiler, his Grace's Secretary., told me., that after the utmofl ^Diligence he could get but one fmgle Copy with the Dedication, tbo* be would have pur- cbas^d more at any rate, 10 have fawn the Gentlemen of the honourable Houfe , what Kind of Man the Evidence wa^ tbat would fublijh juch things in Ccmniendation of the Duke, after he knew, af be pretended, tbat be had a foe- fign of bringing an Army out. of Scotland, for the ff oiling and fitiduing of England. The O 3 Difco* 198 REMARKS Difco'very of this Dedication, and bis fuppref- fmg /r, coming to be known., made the Houfe curious to fee it -, and he forfeeing what Ufa would be made of it againft him, was willing to decline this noble Undertaking j but the Houfe by the Inter eft of the Duke's friends, who in- creafd on this Difiovery, made him teftify ivhat he fince fays created Horror in him $ and how much Reputation he got by it I need not tell the World. This is the juft and true Account of his Conduct, for which, all Circumftan- ces confider'd, no manner of Excufe can be made. The firft Part of his Evidence re- lated to Converfation at the Duke's Table : This was a Breach of Hoipitality, whofe Laws being reciprocal, may be violated by the Gueft, as well as the Matter of the Houfe. The fame Word Hojpes in Latin fignifies both the Gueft and the Landlord. The other Part being what had pafs'd in a Cabinet, and under a Seal no lets ftrong than that of Confeflion, was certainly the higheft Breach of Truft, mutual Confidence, and every thing that is facred between Man and Man. After this, next to acting the Part itfelf, a Man of Honour fhould have been very tender of keeping the Actor com- pany. The Pretence, that he was forc'd by the Parliament , will bear no Manner of Weight ; if he had not given the Intima- tion, the Houfe would never have known that he had any thing to fay againft Duke Lau* 199 Lauderdale. In fhort, the firft Difcovery of the Secret was the Crime , and made the Delator refponfible for every Confe- quenee. By /. 382, we may guefs at his Princi- ples, and plainly fee what a fine Church- man we had in Dr. 2&UtttCt. Speaking of Sir Harbottle Grim/tone's fecond Lady, he gives her this Character : She had all the nigh Notions for the Church and the Crown^ in which jhe had been bred ; but was the humblefts devouteft,, and befl temfer*d Ter- fon I ever knew of that Sort. Here he makes it a kind of Miracle, for a Woman well principPd to the Crown and the Church, to have Humility, Devotion, or any good Temper. The Tory Ladies, who are in- finitely the greater Part of the Nation, and not more considerable for their Numbers than Beauty, are very much oblig'd to the good Bifhop ; but pernaps he met with fome Repulfes from one Sort, and found the other more kind and better temper'd. ^P. 389. For as our main Bujlnefs lay in preparing for ., or managing a Sejfion of ^Parliament. W no would not fuppofe, when he reads this Sentence, that fome Mi- nifter of State, or at leaft a great leading Man in the Houfe of Commons, was talk- ing ap this Rate? But when he is told, 4 firft, loo REMARKS 0# firft, that the Perfon was not an Englijb* man, and no more than the Chaplain to the Matter of the Rolls, what a Contempt muft he have of the little Infect ? In this he contractors what he told us a few Pages before, that upon his Difgrace on Account of Duke Lauderdale's Affair, he retreated to his Poft at the Rolls, where he apply 'd himfelf to his Function and Studies, with which publick Affairs and Intrigues of State are very incompatible. e P. 392. After giving a tolerable Cha- racter of Dr. Comfton, he concludes with his old Refer ve : But with thefe good Dua- lities Compton was a weak Man, willful* and flrangely wedded to a 'Partj. If the Reader fhould not readily apprehend what Party he means, it was the Church qf Eng- land, to whom he never forgot his near Re- lation. It is ftrange, that a Bifhop of LOJI- */ but conitnud ft ill to glory in it, and very famous Witneffes having deposed, that Mit- chel was upon a new Plot to kill the fame rfrchbifoup, Mitchel was brought to a Tryal j and his Defences were., that the Earl of Rothes, to whom he had confeft it, had promised tofave his Life, and that the Privy Council afterwards had promifd the fame. For clearing whereof, the {aid Earl, and all who were upon the Com- mittee, together with all fitch Members of Coun- cil as he defird flttud be cited, were fully ex- amind upon all his Interrogatories, and the Re- gijlers of Council were produced ; but not the leaft Mark of any promtfe was made to appear by either. So that nothing remain d, but that the Lord 'High Chancellor , and Lords of the Privy Council, as they alledgd, perjurd them- fehes j and that the Registers of Council were vitiated. dnd how it is poffible to imagine^ that all this Villany was committed to tak? fo inccnfiderable a Fellow's Life, I leave the World 106 R E M A R K S on World to judge. Sir George Mackenzy jufl> ly obferves the Incredibility of this Story 5 from the Smallnefs of the Temptation, to commit fuch a Villany, as well as from the Reputation, and diftinguifh'd Characters of the Men. As if it were not more proba- ble, that fuch a Mifcreant, who had been capable of fo nefarious an Attempt on the Life of an Archbiihop, fhou ? d not fooner tell a Lie to fave himfelf, than that an Archbi- fhop, a Lord Chancellor, together with a Privy Council, and their Clerks, fhou'd all confpire to fink and falfify Records, and then perjure themfelves to take a Life of fo little Confequence away. . T. 416. Thenfaid T)uke Lauderdale, in &n impious Jeft, let Mitchel glorify God in the Grafs Market. Here he has not the Ingenuity to tell his Reader the Ground and Reafon of this Expreflion, without which, this faying wou'd have been as filly, as pro- fane. Upon Mitchel' s Examination, being ask'd what inducM him to make fo wicked an Attempt upon thePerfon of the Archbi- fhop, he reply'd, that he did it for the Glo- ry of the Lord ; for this Reafon, afterward, when it was refolv'd to hang him, the Duke humoroufly faid, let Mitchel glorify God in the Grafs Market. By this trifling Reflec- tion, with a defign to make Duke Lauder- dale both brutal and profane, he fhews the Nature Bijhop ttnttitt 107 Nature of the Man ; the meanefs of his Ma- lice and thirft of Revenge, are as confpicu- ous in this little Slander, as in his more im- portant and enormous Scandals. P. ibid. Tet T>uke Lauderdale had a Chaplain, Hicks afterward 'Dean of Wor- cefter, who publijh'd a falfe and partial Relation of this Matter, in order to thejuf- tifying of it. It is no Wonder that he has a fling at Dr. Hicks^ who has fo much oblig'd the Publick in detecting the Preva- rications, Infincerity , and fhameful Prac- tices of this Author on feveral Occafions. Whoever is acquainted with the true Cha- rafter of that learned, great, and good Man, knows that he was as incapable on any con- fideration, of aflerting a Falfhood, as the Man who reviles him of fpeaking Truth, whenever he is hurried by his predominant PaiTion to gratify his Revenge at the Ex- pence of his Integrity. P. ibid. What Sharp did now to freferw him fe If from fuch Tr a ft ices, was probably that which both in the juft Judgment of God, and the enfanfd Fury of wicked Men,, brought him two Tears after to fuch a difmal End. Here with a Rafhnefs equal to his Want of Charity, he impioufly enters into the Secrets of Providence, and makes the Judgments of God attend on his Refentments. So log REMARKS w* So great a Divine fhouM have confiderM, that Afflictions , Perfecution , and often Death by the Hands of the Unrighteous, are the Portion of the Juil in this World : If there was a conftant Retribution of Good and Evil, if wicked Men were always pu- jiifliM in this Life , it wou'd be better for fome who have peaceably dy'd in their Beds ; they might then have been Objects of hu-*- man Juftice, here below have expiated their Crimes, perhaps in the Boots of Scotland, and not have been wholly reierv'd for a more dreadful Tribunal. e P. 444. After having given an Account of the Popifh Plot, which is not the moft partial Part of his Book, he feems to deride the moft plaufible Part of the Story, and fupports the greater!: Abfurdities. In this Account, he gives up Oates and Bedlow for moft abandoned Rogues ; but at the fame time, is more favourable to 'Dugdale* whofe Character he fupports, tho' he was a very vicious and immoral Man. ( P. 444^ This began to Jhake the Credit of the Evidence, when a more cotnpojed credible Perfon came in tofupport it ; one Dugdale, that had been Lord Alton's Baylif, and litfd in a fair Refutation in the Country, was fitt in Prifon for refufing the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy. He did then with many Imprecation! deny that le knew of any Tlot. We will fee what Mr. Eachard Hi/hop 25ttrnef. 109 Eachard fays of this good Man in my Lord Stafford's Tryal. Eachard, /. 996. " Againft Ttugdale he produced Evidence, " that he was a Perfon of infamous Life ; ic that he had cheated the Lord Aflon his " Matter, and defrauded Workmen and " Servants of their Wages : That by his " Extravagancies and Mifdemeanours, he ugdale J as to his " being a credible Perfon, and a Man of " Reputation in the Country ^ where he " liv'd ; but if this is not fufficient, the " Author himfelf, by and by, fliall do Mr. )ugdale'$ Bufmefs. When this Evidence afterward tackM about, and fwore againft the other fide in the Tryai of College., this very Writer makes him as great a Rogue, as an honeft Man before. It is Pity the Doctor had not fometimes more Me- mory, and always lefs Partiality. But a P Met*. no REMARKS Metaphyfical Diftinftion of jfqtf? >ne will eafily folve thisMattcr, by dividing the Perfon into two Capacities ; the honeft Man fwore againft the Papifts, and the Rogue againft the Proteftant Joyner, which very much alterd the Cafe. P. 447. Berry declared himfelf a ~Pro~ teftant,, and that the? he had chattgd his Religion for fear of lofmg his Place,, yet he had ftill contimted to be one in his Heart. He faid he looked on what had befallen him, as a juft Judgment of God for that ^DiJJimulation : He deny d the whole Matter chargd on him : He feem'd to prepare himfelf ferioujly for T)eath > and to the laft Minute he affirmed that he was altogether innocent. 'Dr. Lloyd at- tended him, and was much perfuaded of his Sincerity. Prance /wore nothing againft him, but that he ajfifted in the FacJ, and in carrying about the dead 'Body. So Lloyd reckoned that thofe things being done in the NigJftj Prance might have mtftaken him for fome other Perfon, who might be like him, conjidering the Confuflon that fo much Guilt might have put him in. He therefore be- liev'd that Prance had Jworn rajhly with relation to him, &c. 1'he Author forgot to put on his confidering Cap when he averr'd, that Prance /wore nothing againft kirn, but that he ajfifted fa the FacJ, and in Burner, zn ;;/ carrying about the dead Body, What pofftblv cou'd the moft guilty do mere ? By aflifting in the Facl, he was a Prin- cipal in the Murder, as well as an Ac- cetfary in aiding to difpofe of the Body ; tho' the Law makes no Diftin&ioh in this Cafe. Afterwards fpeaking of Dr. Lloyd, the Author afferts, that he did nothing in it, but 'what became his rofej]hn. The Doclor certainly was under fbme Ab- fence of Mind when he told this Stcry of his Friend Dr. Lloyd, and did not con- fider how much he wouM affect his Re- putation by one Confeflion that he has made in this Account. Berry pafllcnately defir'd to receive the Sacrament before he dyM ; this was refus'd by Dr. Lloyd, who upon repeated Denyals, was cited by the poor Man in the Agony of his Soul, to anfwer it at the Day of Judgment. The only Pretence that cou'd be given for this Inhumanity, was, that the Dodor being firmly convinced of his Guilt, wou'd not let him Shipwreck his Soul, by denying his Crime with fo much Solemnity. But Dr. 25Utttt intirely deftroys this Excufe, by averting that his Friend was perfuadcd of his Penitent's Innocence. If fo, nothing can excufe a Parochial Prieft in not know- ing his Duty better, than to deny to 3 dying Man in a State of Repentance for all his Sins, the Comfort of the bkHcd P 3 Sa- in REM A RKS on Sacrament. This wou'd induce a Man to believe that another Reafon, which was given at the Time for this Refufal, was the true one, 'viz. That the Doctor thought it might a little impair the Credit of the Plot, to have a dying Proteftant on the Sacrament afTert his Innocence. If Dr. 7&WC- tiet had told this Story, he cou'd not have affirm'd that his Friend had behav'd as became his ProfefTion. But in this Cafe, he exceeded his own Maxim in his Book on Varillasj which was to touch gently the failings of his Friends; but here, to ufe his own Words, the Eiafs was fo ftrong; he has thought fit not to men- tion them at all; tho' he cou'd not pof- fibly forget this Part of the Story, which made fo much Noife at the Time, and gave fo great a Scandal, the refufing to a dying Man, from whom was going to be taken away all that was deareft in this World, the only comfortable Viaticum in his Jour- ney to the next. As this refufal of the Sa- crament to Berry unlefs he would confefs his Crime, was a Matter of Fact notorious- ly known, if what Dr. Jftltttttt fays, is true, that Dr. Floyd at the Same time beljev'd him not guilty ; he gives us a ftrange I- dea of a Reverend Divine, who contrary to the Conviclipn of his Confcience, on a po- litical View, would tempt a wretched Man under fucli Circumftances, to fling away his aBurnet* his Soul in fo folemn a manner, by a perjurious Renunciation of his own Innocence. It is impoffible to avoid the Dilemma, either the Bifhop of Salisbury has told us an Untruth, or the Parfon of St Martins on this Occafi- on a&ed a Part, which I leave the Reader to name. P. 470. When a Party of furious Men were riding thro a Moor, near St. Andrews, they faw the Archbijhofs Coach appear : He was coming fro?n a Council Day, and was dri- ving home : He had fent fome of his Servants before him, to let them know he was coming, and others he had fent off on Compliments , fo that there was no Horfemen about the Coachr They feeing this, concluded according to their frantick enthufiaftick Notions, that God had now deliver d up their greateft Enemy into theif Hands : Seven of them made up to the Coach y while the reft were as Scouts riding all about the Moor. One of them fir d a Piftol at him, which burnt his Coat and Gown, but did not go into his Body : Upon thir y they fancied that he had a Magical Secret to fecure him againft a Shot j and ttey drew him out of his Coachy and murder d him barbaroufly, repeating their Stroaks till they were fure he was quite dead; and fo they got clear off, no Body happening to go crofs the Moor all the While. This was the difmal End of that unhappy Man: Itftruck all People with Horror ^ and foftn'd his -Ene* P 3 miff a i4 jiBurnrt. fame Tenderneft ; /o rfof &/V "Memo- ry war treated with Decency by tbofe who had very little Refpetf for him during T H t s is the faint Account that he gives of one of the raoft atrocious and nefarious Aftions that ever was perpetrated by the moil wicked of Men. In this Relation he has diiguis'd and falfifyM fome of the Cir- cumffonces, and conceaPd others very ma- terial, for fear his Reader fhouM be touched any more than himfelf; no,t daring plainly to excuie fo execrable a Murder, he wou'd palliate and leflen the Horror of the Facl: a$ much as he coifd, by endeavouring to make it appear an accidental Rencounter with the Archbiihop, and not a premedi- tated Defign of the Ruffians, which is con- tray to Truth ; in order to impofe this No- tion on the Reader, he afTerts a pofitive Salfhood, that there were none of the Ser- vants about the Coach ; this Circumftance he belicv'd wou'd make it look more cafu- al, as if they had laid hold on fo fair an Opportunity of the Archbifhop's being de- fencelefs. But the printed Accounts pub-- liiVd at this time by Authority, allure us, that they had dog'd him the Day before, and enquired after him in the Village, where. he lodg'd that Night; all this he induftri- oufly conceals, as well as fome Circum- flance^ of the Fad, for fear he Ihou'd raife too REMARKS en HJ too much Pity for the Murder'd, and too much Horror for the Murderers, whom neither the Grey Hairs of a venerable old Man, the Tears and Cryes of an innocent fupplicant Virgin, wounded on her Knees in interceeding for her Father, nor the Charity of the Martyr in praying for his Murderers, cou'd touch with the leaft Re- morfe. Pity and Horror were the Pa (lions to be rais'd on this Occafion ; thefe are the Colours in which a good and honeft Hifto- rian ought to have painted this execrable Scene of Violence : As it is his Duty to inform and inftruct his Reader, to let him know what to fhun, and what to imitate, to inflame him with a Love of Virtue, and arm him with a Deteftation of Vice j whenever he fails in this Part of his Duty, by any manner of Difguife in the Facl, when he mentions any flagitious Action without fetting it forth in its trueft Light ; he quits his cenforial Dignity, and grows accellary to that Guilt, which he has not the Juftice feverely to condemn. When the Author fays, that his Memory when deadj was treated with 'Decency, by thofc who had very little Refpett for him alive. He muft certainly except himfelf, who has neither treated him living nor dead with Decency, nor common Humanity. There js one Remark to be made, which muft certainly make the Reader fmiie \ this is P 4 the Zid REMARK So the firft Time that he has given Dr. Sharp the Title of Archbifhop, if I am not very much miftaken thro' the whole Book. But this Generofity cou'd not kft long, he returns foon to his Vomit ; and as his Malice cou'd not be quench'dby the Death of this Mar- ty r'd Prelate, he purfues him to the Grave, and takes his Leave of this injured Man with a general Reflection on his Character. P. 471. A Week after there was a great Field Conventicle held within ten 'Miles 0/Glafgow ; a Body, of the Guards engaged with them, and they made fuch vigorous Refiftance, that the Guards having loft thirty of their Number, were forced to run for it. So the Conventicle formd its felf into a Body, and march* d to Glafgow . The Perjon that led them, had been bred by me, being a younger Son of Sir Thomas Ha- milton, who had married my Sifter, but by a former Wife. Duke Lauderdale and his Party, Publffid every where, that this Rebel- lion was headed by a Nephew of mine, whom I had petard for fuch a Work, when he was in my hands. Here was a fair Opportunity for the Do&or to have vindicated himfelf from this Slander of his Enemies, by only faying that he had given him better In- ftruclions. But flnce Silence is always ad* judg'd to give Confent, we muft join in Opinion with Duke Lauderdale ^ that the Pupil was not unworthy the Tutoj*. Here in in Juftice we ought to take Notice of the Author's Ingenuity, in not juftifying him^ felf at the Expence of his Veracity : But the Merit of this Sincerity is deftroy'd by his having fo much a better Opinion of the Treafon, and by thinking it a greater Ho- nor to be guilty, than innocent. IN his Account of the Rebellion at this Time, Dr. JJuwet with his ufual Can- dour, will allow no Crime to be committed by his Friends, but by Chance without any Defign. This is the Turn which he gives to the prefent Infurre&ion ; tho' he allows their Numbers to amount to 4000 Comba- tants, which well confider'd, muft require Ijbme Time and Preparation to get toge* ther fo many Men and Arms, in a Corner of a Country no better Peopl'd than Scot- land. But we will at this Time of Day al- low the Author to mifreprefent what he pleafes, to impofe on his Readers by the falfeft Turns that he can give to Men and Things ; if he wou'd fo far ftick to Truth, as not to invent out of his own Brain, what never had exifted any where elfe. Of this Nature is the Story of King CHARLES, and the Duke of Tork ; as if they fhou'd repine, that thefe Wretches were not all put to the Sword r by Monmouth^ of which Matter he fays thus, ?* 473 ir 8 mho 2Sun:et. P. 473. ne'Dtt&eofMonmonthjfoftthe Execution that his Men were making., as Jbon as he cou'd, and fa'ued the Trifoners ; forfomemovd, that they Jhou'd all be kill d on the Spot. Tet this was afterward ob- je Bed to him, as a Neglett of the Kings Ser- vice j and a courting the Teople : The *Duke of York talked of it in the fame Strain^ and the King himfelf faid to him, that if he had been there > they foot? d not have had the Troubk ofPrifoners. This is fo very unlike the Natue and the Character of the two Brothers, that this Story muft come from much better Authority to be believ,d. It is ftrange that the Sword of War fhou'd be fo very fharp, and that of Juftice fo blunt in the fame Hands ; if thefe Princes were fo fanguinary and cruel in their Tem- pers, why did they not gratify their Thirft of Blood upon that Part of thefe Mifcreants who fell into their Hands ? He owns him- felf that 1 200 were taken Prifoners, out of which Number, but two of the leading in- cendiary Preachers were hang'd, with fome few others, who by the Mercy of the Duke, with the Ropes about their Necks, had Offers of Pardon, on Condition they wou'd pray for the King, which they abfolutely refus'd, when the Wretches might have fa- ved Body and Soul at no other Expence, but embracing Chriftianity. As REMARKS -on 119 A s the Author is pleafed to exculpate thefe Fanaticks as much as he can, by laying the blame on the Tyranny of Duke Lau- derdale^ which as he infmuates, drove them to Defpair ; we will ihew what Sort of Men thefe were, in whofe Actions and Principles the QuinteiTence of Scotch Presbytery at this Time may be ieen. This Extravagance ex- ceeded our fifth Monarchy Men, and mull divert the Reader. It is a kind of Declara- tion, drawn by fome of thefe Entbufiafts when they were Prifoners at Edenburgh^ and runs tnus. " We Underfcribers, now ' Prifoners for the Truth in the Cannon- " gate Tolboothj tho' vile, yet it pleafed the " Holy Ghoft to work on our Spirits, ; Yefterday being the 2 6th Day of the fifth " Month, it feem'd good to the Holy Ghoft, " and to us, to take out of our Bibles th$ " Pfalms in Metre, for feveral Caufes men- fo that it would notfeem ftrange, if during thefe lucid Intervals of Infpiration, while while he labour'd under fo vaft an Infufion of Spirit, he fhould at thofe Times have join'd in Communion with thele holy Men. P. 480. The Perfon to whom lie prefent Mayor had drunk was fet afide, and Bethel and Cornifh werechofen Sheriffs for the enfuing Tear. Bethel was a Man of Knowledge, and had writ a 'very judicious Book of the Interefl of Prin- ces : But as he was a known Republican in Principle, fo he was a fallen and a wilful Man-, and turn' d from the ordinary way of a Sheriff's living, intv the extream of Sordidneff, which was very unacceptable to the Body of the Citizens, and prov'd a very great Prejudice to the Party. Cornifh the other Sheriff, was a flairs, warm, honefl Man, and livd very nobly all this Tear. The Court was very jealous of this, and underflood it to be done on defign to pack Juries : So that the Party might be always fafe, whatever they might engage in. It wat faid that the King would not have common Juf- 'tice done him hereafter again ft any of them, how guilty foever. The fetting up Bethel gave a great Colour to this jealoufy ; for it was faid, that he had exprefled his approving the late Kingt. Death in very indecent Term). Jhefe two Perjons had never before receivd the Sacra- went in the Church, being Independents; but they did it now to qualify them/elves for this Of- fice, which gave great Advantages againfl the whole Party : h was faid, thit the fervinz an rr J *i(* hnd ill REMARKS on End was a good Refoher of all Cafes of Cohfci- ence, and furg'd all Scruple?. This is the Au- thor's Chara&er of thefe two Men, and I believe it is very juft and impartial. The Ufe that I fhall make of this ingenuous Defcription of thefe two Sheriffs, is to {hew how unguarded and inconfiftent he is ; after infinuating that they were put into this Of- fice on purpofe to make what Juries they pleas' d, and after his own fufpicious Cha- ra&er of them, he moft ftrenuoufly fupports all their Violences, and fcandalous Manage- ment in packing their Ignoramus Juries. Two Independant Magiftrates were like to make fine Work in a Government confin'd to a Church of England Adminiftration. As we fhall have fomewhat to do with thefe Gentlemen by and by, that the Reader may have a better View of them, we {hall tell him a very fhort Story. When my Lord Stafford went to Execution, fome of the deluded Rabble on Tower-Bttt infulted him, upon which the Prifoner addreft himfelf to the Sheriffs, defiring them to appeafe the People, that he might die in Quiet ; to this Requeft, Mr. Sheriff Bethel brutally reply'd, Sir, we have Orders to ftof no Body* s Breath ^ lut yours. f P. 499. So very fuddenly and not very decently he came to the Hoiife of Lords j the Crown being carry' 4 between his Feet in a Sedan, kof grutnet Sedan. This is fmart again; the Author has fometimes a kind of Wit and Satyr in his Anger. But to {hew the Reader how ridi- culous this Story is; the Robes were as ne- ceiTary as the Crown, at the King's Appear- ance on the Throne ; and the Truth of the Matter is, the Crown was put in the Bag with the Robes, and fent privately before, to prevent any Inkling of the defign'd DifTo- lution. The Author undoubtedly hugged himfelf with this witty Story, which may ferve for an Appendix to his noble Tale of the Queen and the Cart. f P. ibid. So tifon this I went into a clofer Retirement^ and to keef my Mind from run- ning after News and Affairs, I fet my felf to the Study of Thilofofhy and Algebra. It is hard that the Do&or's own Profeffion could not divert him from News and Poli- ticks, if he had pioully difcharg'd his Func- tion, without being oblig'd to apply himfelf to Algebra. How his Head was turn'd to thofe abftrufe and fpeculative Sciences we know not, but if he made no better Pro- grefs in them, than in his Divinity, I reflect not on his Capacity or Knowledge, but Soundnefs of Doctrines, we may venture to fay, that he was not fo great a Mathema- tician as Sir Ifaac Newton _, BO more than he was as good a Cafuift as Dr. Sanderfon. .After this, the Reader may expect to hear of 2.24 REMARKS 0tf of fofne new Intrigues,- it is remarkable, that this Author never retreats, but to Tally again and do more Mifchief; as if he only retir'd to give Breath to his Malice, and fafr- ed a while, to return to his Prey with great- er Appetite ; like a certain deform'd Crea - ture, who after he has fpent his Stock on the mod falutary Herbs in the Garden, re- treats into the Earth to gather frsih Venom, and reinforce his Poifon. 5P . 5 o i . Andfuch of the Clergy as would not engage in that Fury, were cryed out up- on as the Betrayers of the Church ., and as fecret Favourers of the Ttiffenters. The Truth is., the Number of thefe were not great : One obferv'd right, that according to the Proverb in the Goffelj where the Carcafs is> there the Eagles will be gather- ed-together. The Scent of '^Preferment _, will draw afpiring Men after it. The Author before attacked the dignify'd Clergy, and now he falls upon the whole Body, makes them the lart of Mankind, without Honor, Principle or Confcience; Men that would faerifice every thing to Intereft and Prefer- ment. The imall Exception that he makes, renders his Charge univerfal. Nothing can be fo hard as the Condition of the Ciergy in England; they have always been the Marks and Butts of that Part of the Laity, v; ho were loofe and libertine in their Princi- ples ; pies ; their Failings have always been look'd on thro' magnifying GlafTes, and their Vir- tues unreguarded ; from thefe Men they have found no Quarter ; but this unjuft and cruel Treatment from one of their own Order, is the laft Barbarity. The comparing his Brethren to Birds of Prey, gives a fine Idea of the Rapacity of the Clergy, and enables the Scorner to infult Religion, depreciates the very Character of the Priefthood, and proftitutes to the Ridicule of Buffoons and Atheifts, the Dignity of that Gown which he had the Honour to wear. *P. 504. 7 went no more to Fitzharris : But Hawkins the Minifler of the Tower took him into his Management ; and prevailed with him not only to deny all his former T)if- covery, but to lay it on Clayton, Treby, and the Sheriffs j as a Subornation of theirs ; tho } it is evident., that it was impojjible to }jbe true. Tet at the fame Time, he writ Let- \ters to his Wife., who was not then admit- \ted to him, which Ifaw and read., in which p? told her., how he was practised upon \with Hopes of Life. He charged her to \fwearfaljly againft none : One of thefe was writ that very Morning in which he fuffer'd^ \ind yet before he was led out., hefign'da {Paper containing the former Charge of Su^ ^ordination., and put it in Hawkins ?s Hands,, indat Tyburn he referred all he had to fay O to ^^6 R E M A R K S on to that Taferj which was immediately pub- lijh'd. As this Affair made a very great Noife at the time, to come at the Truth, we muft fee what other Hiftories fay on this Subject. Eachard, f. 1004. " Being in " this Place fetterM, monylefs, and friend- " lefs, and his Wife and Family in a ftar- " ving Condition, he was ftrangely tempted " by feveral infinuating Examinations, as " we are informed, from his dying Confef- " fion. Particularly the two Sheriffs Bethel " and Cornijh came to him with a Token " from Lord Howard^ which he knew to " be true \ and brought Heads from Eve- 4 " ^ing RE M ARKS on " thing of the Plot but what he learnt from " him. Thefe dangerous Words difturb'd " and confounded the whole Company ; and " had fuch an EfFed upon one of them, who was thought to be a Spy, that the *' very next Morning he went to the King *' and told him the whole Paflage and Tranf- <' action. Upon which, his Majefty imme- *' diately fentjbr the foremention'd Divine, ** in whom he had a good Confidence, and ^ opening the Matter to him, he let him " know, that he expecled to hear the Par- " ticulars from him. But he made fome " Excufes, and particularly alledg'd the Bad- " nefs of his Memory ; at which the King " laid in a Paflion, if you are good for any " thing it is for your Memory; and then " let him know that he had heard fufficient " of the Matter already, but expected it all *' from him ^ but he ftill pretended not to " remember it, or elfe gave fo imperfect an " Account of it, that the King incens'd, at " laft fpokc to this ErFecl to him. I find- " there is like to be a great deal of Blood- * r * fbed about this Plot, and the Times are ci fo troublefome and dangerous to me, that *' I durit not venture to pardon any that is : ' Condemn'd : Therefore their Blood be " upon your Head, and not mine ; and I " defire to fee you no more, and fo finally " difmifs'd him his Prefence." If Mr. Ea- had been US tender of certain Per-^ fon's Buruet 135 fon's Reputation, fo as to have nam'd this noted Divine, we fhould probably have known, whether Dr. 2$Uft?Ct fpoke Truth or no, wlien he affirms, that he knew not the reafon of the Quarrel between Oates and Tongue. P. 522. As he war going Lack to bring the Dutcheff, the G'oucefter Frigat that carried him ftruck on a Bank of Sand. The Duke went into, a Boat, and lock cars of his Dogr, and fome unknown PerfoKf, who were taken from that care of bit, to be his Pmfts. The "Long-Boat went off with a very few in her, tho* /he might have carried above So more than Jhe did, one hundred and fifty Perfom perffid, fome of them of very great Quality-) &c. This Account is diametically oppofite to Truth in every Circumftance, and could proceed from nothing but the moft infernal Malice infpir'd by the Father of all Falfhood. IN the firft place here is a Confufion in the Account of the Boat, in which the Duke was faved ; at fir ft he fays, the Duke went into the Boat, afterward that the Long-Boat went off. Whether he means the fame Veflel by thefe differing Appellations we are at a lofs ; but we will fuppofe it on the ftronger Side for the Author, and let it be the Long-Boat, which he fays went of fb jnpty, that fhe wou'd have Hill carried 80 mpre B. E M A R K S on more Perfons. The Reader fhall prefently fee whether the Carpenters at the Docks, know more of this Matter than Dr.JftttlPttet. The Dimenfions of the Long-Boat belong- ing to the Gloucefler, according to her Rate, mult be as follows. Length per Keel 30 F. Breath fer Beam n F. which allowing the utmoft Number of Men that fhe could cany, does not exceed 80 ; but what could oar Author fay, if the Duke went not off in the Long-Boat, but the Pinnace or Boat with Oars, wru'ch with the Rowers and Coxon wou'd not carry half that Number, But whatever the Boat or her Complement was, Colonel Leg, afterward Lord 'Dart- mouth, faw her lo deeply loaded, that he wou'd not enter himfelf for fear of finking her, and leaft any Body elfe fhould attempt it, he and the Captain, who was afterward iav'd by a Rope over the Stern, were forcM to draw their Swords on the fide of the Ship. After this Account, is it probable jhat Sir John Berry, the Captain of the Ship, and my Lord Dartmouth^ fhould fuf- fer a Boat that wou'd have held eighty more Perfons to have gone off, and left them be- hind to perifh ? Notwithftanding the Noto- riety of all thefc Fa&s, this harden'd Man has the Confidence to tell the World, that the Pinnace of a Frigate wou'd flill have contain'd 80 more Peribns. As to the Peo- ple of Quality that were loft in this Hurry and 135 and Confufion, I am forry to mention what was generally faid and believ'd at the time, that Ibme of them were in a Condition, w ich rerider'd it impra&icable to wake them ; fo that in fuch a Confufion, when every Man is to lave his own Life, it is no great Wonder that they were negie&ed, who could not fhift for themfelves. The Story of the Dogs and the Priefts is all of a piece with the reft : Every one knows, who were the Perfons that the Duke diftinguifh'd and call'd in this great Diftrefs ; but if he had thought fit to have fav'd his Dogs, it would have done him no great harm ; they would not afterwards have bit him : Thole honeft Creatures would always have lick'd the Hands that fed them, and as they are the Emblems of Fidelity, would never have de- ferted their Mafter. But this Story of the Dogs is as idle, and filly, as it is ralfe and malicious ; for it is very well known that the famous Mumper^ the Duke's favourite Dog, was drown'd, after having fought a good while, and difputed a Plank with Sir Charles Scarborough. This was fo very no- torious, that a foolifh Ballad, which is fung to this Day, was made at the time upon this ridiculous Rencounter between the Dog and the Doctor. If the Reader could doubt be- fore of this Author's being the moft fhame- lefs or' Writers, this very Story is enough to convince him. NOTHING 136 REMARKS^ NOTHING can be fo aftonifliing as the implacable Malice of this Man ; tho' fure to be contradicted, he wou'd facrifice his Reputation to the Indulgence of his Re- venge. This fhews how that PaiTion was fix'd in his Nature as not to be eradicated ; he mufl know that there were thoufands a- live wbo could have confuted him in this Matter ; but he chofe rather to poyfon one Man, than not to be cenfurM by twenty : If he had been more guarded, and carry'd on his D^fign with great Addrefs and Cun- ning, the Mifchiefs that he wou'd have done might have been irreparable ; but the Mif- dom of Providence and Nature who gave him Horns, to make good the Proverb, thought lit to contract and blunt them. P. 528. He proceeds to the great Con- teft in the City, upon the Election of She- riffs. In this Account he is fb infamoufly partial, as to leave it doubtful whether the Falihood of the Fa6ts, or his AiTurance in telling them be greater. He begins thus. At Midfummer a new Contefl difcover^d how little the Court refolded to regard ei- ther Juftice or 'Decency. *P. Ibid. JVhen the 'Day came, in 'which the Mayor ufed to drink to one^ and mark him out for Sheriff, he drank to North, a Mer- chant j that was Brother to the Chief- J uft ice. '"Of on thatj ft was fret ended j that this 137 this Ceremony j was not a bare Nomination * which the Common-Hall might receive or refufe> as they had a Mind to it : But that this made the Sheriff, and that the Com* mon-Hall was bound to receive and confirm him in Courfe., as the King did the Mayor. On the other Hand it was faid, that the Right was to be determined by the Charter., which granted the Election of Sheriffs to the Citizens of London ; and that what- ever Cttftoms had ere ft in among them, the Right ftill lay where the Charter had lodgd it> among the Citizens. But the Court was refolved to carry this Toint ; and they found Orders that had been made in the Tity^ concerning this 'Particular ; which gai-e fome Colour to the Tretenfion of the Mayor. The Sheriffs were always un- derflocd to be the Officers of that Court ; fo 'the Adjourning it belonged to them : Tet the Mayor adjourned the Court, which., they faidj he had no Tower to do ; and fo went on with the Toll. There was no T>ifordeP in the whole Trogrefs of the Matter. But thd* the Mayor's Tarty carried thewfefoes with great Infolence to the other Tarty., yet they fljewed on this Occafion more Temper than could have been expeftedfrom fo great a Body, &c. I mud defire my Readers, who are Citizens of London,, to remark, that the Author is as ill-bred to a Lord- Mayor of Lion don., as to a Peer of the fe* Realm, 138 R E M A R K S on Realm, who is not of his Kidney. Sir John Moor was a Tory ; and therefore not to be treated with tlu Title of Lord, as it is to be obferv'd in this whole Quotation ; he has not once vouchfafed this Honour to that unfortunate Gentleman ; but treats the greatefb Citizen of the Univerfe, tho' e- nobled by ib many Crowns, with no more Diftinction : That this could not proceed from Negligence is certain ; for in this Cafe, the Eye or the Ear will direcl: the Writer or Speaker ; and I aver it to be equally as unnatural, for a Man bred in England, to write, or lay, Mayor of London ; as it would be to call an Oltler, in a certain Bo- rough, Lord-Mayor of Stockbridge : Tho 1 this is another Trifle in it felf, it fhews the Man in Miniature, and makes the Ma- lignity of his Nature as apparent, as when on other Ojcafions we have unmask'd, and exposM him to the Light in a larger At- titude. The Reader has leen the Author's Account of this Matter, and will, no doubt, be very much furprized to find the Truth fo ditguis'c) and falfitied. Left our fingle Authority in contradicting him fhould not have its Weight, we mult have recourfe to the common Chronicles, which, as to plain Matter of Fad, are., or ought to be He- cords. Eachardj p. 1021. The 24th of " June, the cuitomary Day for electing of " Sheriffs of London tor the enfuing Year, was 35imt. 139 " was the great Time of Struggle between w the two Parties : Not long before at a " Dinner calPd the Bridg-Houfe Feaft, the " Lord-Mayor, according to ancient Cuf- " torn, had chofen Mr. 'Dudley North; " by the Ceremony of drinking to him; " and thereupon ilfu'd out his Summons to u the feveral Companies, to appear at " Guild-Hall, on the 24th of June for the " Confirmation of Mr. North, and for the " Election of another Sheriff At the ap- " pointed Day, a vaft Concourfe of People " affembled at Guild-Hall^ refolving to " oppofe the Lord-Mayor, who was fit- " ting with the Sheriffs on the Huftings. " There were two Parties appear'd in Com- " petition; Mr. North and Mr. Box on the " Tory Party, and Mr. Tapillon and Mr. u T)ubois on the other. The Poll was ma- " nagM by the prefent Sheriffs, Mr. Tilktn- and departed the Hall. Upon " proclaiming God five the King* the Peo- ple 140 R E M A it K IS on " pie hifs'd, and cryM God fave the " teftant Sheriffs y and prefs'd fo hard upon " the Lord -Mayor, that he was thrown " upon his Knees, and endangered by the ' Croud. Notwithftanding this Adjourn- " ment, and aginlt more than one exprefs " Command of the Lord-Mayor ; the two " Sheriffs continued to poll till Night. The " next Day being Sunday., admitted of no " Bufinefs. Monday -mwmng the Lord- " Mayor, Court of Aldermen, and the two " SheriiiFs were fent for, to appear before " the King and Council ; where the Mat- by denying thefe Tumults and Seditions, which were fo very flagrant, as to caufe the two Sheriffs to be imprifonM ; an Incident, | which has not often happen'd fince the In- corporation of the City. The mutinous ! Conduct of the DifafFeded at this Time, ! was look'd on by all impartial Perfons, as one of the greateft Blemiihes in the moft il- luftrious Body of Citizens in Europe. When an Author will fo diveft himfelf of all Shame, as to oppofe the Torrent of Truth, waht will become of Hiftory ? Iffuch Tu- mults and Seditions are to be exprefs'd by the Words, no 'Diferder in the whole 'Pro- grefs j if a violent AfTault on the Perfon of the chief Magistrate, throwing him on his KneesT, taking away his Hat, and beating down the chief Enfigns of his Power and Dignity, may be laid, to aft with Temper,, R we 14^ REMARKS on we muft make a new Dictionary for the Englifly Language. The beft Advice that we can give the Reader, that he may be the leaft deceived, when he has to do with this Writer, is to believe directly contrary to what he affirms, and like a Conjurer, al- ways read him backwards. I cannot part with this Subject without one fhort Re- mark; -that notwithftanding the Power of the Lord Mayor was fo difputed at this Controverfy, fuch is the Difmgenuity of Mankind, that we have liv'd to fee, with- in lefs than twenty Moons, the fame Party of Men fupport an Ele&ion on their Side by the fame Authority. AFTER this infamous Account, in regard to the Eledion of Sheriffs > Dr. Wttet never flirinks, but goes boldly forward in his conftant Tract of Mifreprefentation and Calumny. The Election of a Lord Mayor gives him a new Opportunity of (hewing his wonted Candour, /. 530. When Mi- chaelmas-day came> thofe who found how much they had been deceived in Moor, re- folved to chnfe a Mayor that might be de- fended on. The Toll was do fed when the Court thought that they had the Majority : But upon cajling up, it appeared that they had loft it. So they fell to canvas it., and they made fuch Exceptions to thofe of the o- ther Side; -that they dif counted as many Voic ex io ttttrnlt. Voices as gave them the Majority. This *was alfo managed in f) gro/s a manner ^ that it was vifible the Court was refolded by fair or foul Means, to have the Govern- ment of the City in their own Hands ^ &c; We muft confute him with the fame Author-*- ity. Echardj p; 1022. A new Struggle " happen'd on Michaelmas- < Day ., which be- " ing t u e cuilomary time for the Election of " a Lord Mayor., the Whig Party mufter'd " their utmoft Strength againft Sir Will- " iam Trichardj who was next in Courle, w and fet up againd him two feveral Alder- " men, Gould., and Corniflj^ of whom the " laft had been Sheriff but the Year before; " on the firft Appearance thefe two had the " Majority of Votes ; till at laft upon a long *' Scrutiny, and a thorough Examination " into the Capacity of the Voters, ic was " found that a great Number had appeared " for them, who were not legally entitled " to Voices, and, as it was reported, no " lefs than fixty in the fmgle Company of " the Merchant-Taylors; which Kind of " People being ftruck out of the Number, " it appeared that Sir William Trichard " had 2138 Votes, Gould 2124^ and Cor- " nifh 2095, Whereupon Sir William " Prich.ird on the zyth Day of Qttober* " was by the Court of Aldermen declared " Lord Mayor Elect. Nothing can be more fliocking than the Author's foregoing R 3 Mifre- 144 REMARKS ow Mifreprefentation of this Conteft. Becaufe a Number of Men unqualified had the Im- " pudence to Vote without having any Right ; this candid Author would not have thefe falfe Voices rejected, but charges the Court with a vifible T)efign of having the Govern- ment of the City in their own Hands. As the Sheriff's have the Management and Infpe&ion ot the Poll, it is to be prefum'd, that upon the Scrutiny, they wou'd not permit any wrong to be done to their own Party. If" the Author could have afferted and prov'd, that any Injufticc had been done in rejecting the unqualified Voices, his Pre- tence wou'd have been more pertinent as well as juft. The Reader has feen thefe two contrary Accounts, and I leave it to him, which he will believe, the Bifhop, or Mr. Archdeacon. f P. 595. The Attorney General moved contrary to what is ufual'in fuch Cafes ^ that the Judgment might not be recorded., and upon that, new Endeavours were ufed to bring the Common Council to deliver up their Charter : Tet that could not be compaffed., tho' it was brought much nearer in the Number of the 'Voices than was imagined e~ ver could be done. To fee whether he is right or no in this AfTertion, we muft be in- formM firft of the Conditions to which they fubmitted. Upon Judgment being given in. the 25ttrnet. the Kings-Bench., the Lord Mayor and Al- dermen went to Windfor, with a moft hum- ble and fubrniflive Petition to implore the King's Mercy y in anfwer to which, the Lord-Keeper Nort h in the King's Name, gave them to underftand, that his Majefty was in- clined to fhew them fome Favour, on Submif- fion to the following Conditions, i. That no Lord Mayor, Sheriff, Recorder, Common- Serjeant, Town-Clerk, or Coroner of the Ci- ty 0/ London ; or Steward of the Borough of Southwark, /ball be capable of_, or admitted to the Exercife of their refpeffive Offices^ before his Majefty /hall have appro-ifd them under his Sign Manual. 2 , That if his Majefty Jhall difapprove the Choice of any the to be Lord Mayor, and Jlgnify fame under his Sign Manual to the Lord Mayor, or in default of a Lord Mayor, to the Recorder, or fenior Alderman > the Cit- izens Jhall within one IVeek proceed to a new Choice : And if his Majefty Jhall in like Manner difapprove the fecond Choice ^ his Majefty may., ifhepleafe^ nominate a Ter- fon to be Lord Mayor for the enfuing Tear, 3. If his Majefty Jhall in like manner dif- approve the Terfons chofen to be Sheriffs, or either of them > his Majefly may appoint Ter- fbns to be Sheriffs for the enfuing Tear,, by his CommiffioHj if he Jo pleafe. 4. The Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, may alfo 'with Leave of his Majefty^ difplace R 3 any Alderman, Recorder, &c. <. ^Vpon the Election of an A-derman, if the Court of Aldermen Jball judge,, and declare the Terfon prefented to be unfit J the Ward fhall chufe again ; and upon a 'Difproval of the fecond Choice ., the Court may appoint ano- ther in his Room., &c. After this Declarati- on, he concluded, My Lord Mayor, the Term drains towards an End., ^WMidfum- mer-Day is at Hand when fome of the Of- fcers us*d to be chofen., whereof his Ma- jefty will re/ewe the Approbation. There- fore it is his Majcfty*s Tleafnre., that you return to the City., and con/hit the Com- mon-Council, that he may Jpeedily know. your Refolutions hereupon _, and accordingly give his 'Directions ; and that you may fee the King is in Earneftj and the Matter is \ not capable of 'Delay, I am commanded to \ let you knoWj he has given Order to his Attorney-General to enter up Judgment on\ Saturday next., unlefs you prevent it by your\ Comply ance in all thefe *P articular s. What j followed upon this, Mr. Eachard will in-i form us, /. 1027. According to this Order^ a Court of Common-Council two T>ays after \ was held again in Guild-Hall, where thz\ Queftion being putj whether they Jhould af* Jent and fubmit to his Majefty's Orders of 'Regulations., as above txfreffed ; the Court was divided^ but it was carried in the Af- Jirmative by 4 Majority of eighteen Voices^ REMARKS he liked their REMARKS their Projett of a Rifwg, but declared he would not meddle with their Losing. In the fame Page 3 At one Time Lord Howard was among them ; and they talked over, their Schemes of Lopping. One of thsnt was to be executed in the Playhoufe. Lord Howard faid he liked that heft, jor then they would die in their Cal- ling. P. 545. As for AmiS) Weft had bought fome, as on a CommiJJion for a Plantation. And thefe were faid to be fome of the Anns with which they were to be furnijhed, tho when they were feen they feemd very improper for fuch a Service. Thefe Arms were after their Seizure depofited and (hewn in the Tower ; they confifted of Blunderbuiles and Muf- quetoons, which were the moft proper to fire into a Coach ; but we will excufe the Doctor's Ignorance in an Art to which he was a Stranger, the Knowledge and Ufe of Arms, fince we find him very often not fo well inftructed as he ought to have been, in his own Profeflion. P. 549. But he be* gun (i. e. Lord Gray) to think that he might be in ^Danger ; he found Romfey was one Witnefs, and if another Jhou'd come in he was gone. T*. 557. Speaking of himfelf and TiLlotfon, he fays, We thought the Tar- ty had gone too quick in their Confutations,, and too far ; and that Refinance in the Con- dition we were then in was not lawful. After owning fo many Circumftances and the Author will find a very difficult Task 157 Task to blind and deceive his Readers, fo as to make them believe there was nothing at all in this Matter. The Inconfiftencies and Contradictions into which he muft of Ne- ceffity fall, are obvious; all which might have been prevented when he afTerts any one Thing, if he had carefully examin'd what he had faid before. But perhaps he had contracted a Habit of fo out-facing the "World, that he would not correct his Er- rors, as if he was afham'd of repenting even to himfelf. His Faults are feldom fingle ; when he has committed one, he hurries you on to another, that by a new Amufement, you fliould not have Time to reflect on the paft ; like a vicious Horfe, who, when he has made a Stumble, inftead of going more carefully, confcious of his Fault, runs away with his Rider. IN order to his Defign of Difcrediting the Plot, by invalidating the Force of the Evi- dence, he ufes not always the very beft Ar- guments : his Objection againft my Lord Howard in being a Beggar, \Vill bear^ no great Weight. Men in ill Circumftances are moft likely to be defperate, and engage in defperate Defigns. Catalme was undone in his domeftick Affairs, before his Necefli- ties, as well as Ambition pufh'd him to re- pair his broken Fortunes in the Ruin of his Country. When he fays, that Lord was fo S infamous, 158 R E M A R K S on infamous, that his own Party were fby in trufting him, he feems to contradift himfelf, when in another Place he aflerts, that Colo- nel Algernoon Sidney, had fo great a Kind- nefs for him, as to fupport him with his Efteem, Friendlhip, and Purfe, which fo wife a Man would never have done, if this Nobleman had been of a Character fo infa- mous, as not to be trufted. His Zeal to the Caufe, and mortal Hatred to the King and kingly Government, muft needs recommend him to Men polIefsM with the fame Aver- flons. There can lye no other Objections againft my Lord Howard, who was quali- fied to be in their Councils in all refpecls ; and if we confider his Name- and Family, was fuperior in Quality, as well as in the Finenefs of his Parts and Capacity- y. 558. He thought it tieceffary for him to leave a Tafer behind him at his *Death > and becatife he had not been accujlomed to draw fuch Tapers _, he dejired me to give him a Scheme of the Heads ft to be fpoken tOj and of the Order in which they Jhould ' be laid : Which I did. And he was three 'Days employ 3 dj feme Time in the Morning, to write out his Speech. Afterwards, when he Dr. 75ttttt0t, was examin'd by the King and Council,, and ask'd, If he did not make my Lord RutTelV Speech ? He tells you him- ielf his Anfwer. / offered to take my Oath., that ' 26uruef; 159 that the Speech wasfenn'd by himfelf, and not by me. After this no one will difpute the Inge* nuity of the candid Dr. ^UtHCt. Whether^ he who dictates, or he who only writes what is dictated, is reckoned to be the Au- thor, let all Men judge, who ever heard of the Word, Equivocation ? If we had to do with another Man, who fhould have told this Story of himfelf, we fhould have made this Reflexion, That he had facrificed the Reputation of his Sincerity, to be thought the Author of that fophiftical Paper, and that his Vanity had vanquifh'd his Senfe of Shame ; but as our good Bifhop was all his Life totally unfufceptible of the laft Paflion, the firft, in his Cafe, had nothing to com- bat. AFTER thefe Affairs at Home, he now carries us into France, where his Vanity ap- pears in the moll lively Colours. Here he gives the Characters of the French Court, and the great Men in that Country, moft of which are wrong, but it is not worth while to dilprove him. f P. 565. he favs, That the 'Duke of Montaufier was a 'Pat* tern of Virtue and Sincerity j if not too Cy- nical in it* He was Jo far from flattering the King,, as all the reft did moft abjettly> that he could not hold from contradicting him, as often as there was Occaflon for it. And for that Reafon chiefly the King made S 2 him ^6o REMARKS 0# him the Dauphin* J Governour. Here con- trary to his Defign or Inclinations, he fets the King of France in a very advantageous Light, inconfiftent with the Notion that he has given of him in other Places, where he makes him fo fond of the Incenfe that was offerM to him. A Prince who is above the Poyfon of Flattery, muft not only have a Greatnefs of Soul, but the moil confummate Wifdom. To efteem a Man for a Sincerity often fhewn at his own Expence, fo as to entruft him with the Care of his Son, is a Character inconfiftent with that Tyrant, Monfter, and Enemy of Mankind, which our well-bred Author in a very few Pages will call him. AFTERWARDS,/, ibid. While I was at Court j which was four or five *DaySj one of the King's Coaches was fent to wait on me,, and the King ordered me to be well treated by all about him^ which upon that^ was done with a great Trofu/ion of extraor- dinary Refpefts. But this was not all. That the King hearing I was a Writer of Hiftory, had a Mind that I Jhould write on his Side. I was told a Tenfion would be offered me., but I made no Step towards it. The Compliment of the King's Coaches is never paid in fo haughty a Court as that of France., but to foreign Princes, publick Minifters, or to Perfons of a very elevated Rank 25urnef. 2<5r Rank and Quality. It has been known, that this Honour has been (hewn to Gene- rals of Orders, tho" 1 but poor Francifcan Fryars ; but then always conducted by a Mafler of the Ceremonies, as being regarded under a publick Character; but never to private Men, efpecially to a Perfon not fo much as dignified at this Time in his own Church and Country, and whofe beft Pre- tention was the Honour of his Englijh Caf- fock, which by his ill Principles and Tricks he had fo much difgrac'd. It is pity Dr, UtTOt had not thought fit in this Ramble to have made the Tour of French Flanders ^ that Sir Harbottle GrimJIone's Chaplain might have been faluted by the Cannon from the Ramparts in every Town that he pafs'd. This Compliment would certainly have been paid to a Perfon fo diftinguifh'd in France, as to have had the Honour of the King's Coaches. But the moft extra- vagant Sally of his Vanity, is the Story he tells us, that the King had a Mind to en- gage him to write on his Side. This Rho- domontade muft give no fmall Diverfion in France, where there are fo many illuftrious and abler Pens ; befides the Advantage of being Natives, Men in all refpecls fb much better qualify'd for fo great a Task, with- out the Abfurdity of employing a Scotch Hugonot to defend the Cauie, and adorn the Triumphs of Louis LE GRAND, who now ^6^ R E M A R K S on at this Time was in the Meridian of his Greatnefs. But what makes all thefe Gaf- conades the more fufpicious and improbable, is the Account which a little before he him- felf has given of the ftrir, and dangerous Alliance at this Juncture between England and France. This, if true, would make the Conduct of the French King, if he de- fign'd to keep any Meafures with his Bro- ther and Allie, very unaccountable, thus to overwhelm with Favours and Marks of Re- fpecl: a Man, who was at this Time in a Kind of Rebellion, in open Defiance, and flown in the Face of the King his Mailer. *P. Ibid. I Jaw the Trince of Conde but Oftcej the? he intended to fee me oftver. Be bad great Quicknefs of Affrehenfion^ and was thought the be ft Judge in France of Wit and Learning. He had read my Hiftory of the Reformation j that was then tranflated into French, and feemed 'very well f leafed with it. So were many of the great Law- yers ; in particular Harlay, then Attorney- General., and now firft Trejtdent of the Court of ^Parliament at Paris. Here he flatters the Prince of Conde > and makes him the moft capable Perfon to judge of Writing, with no other Defign, but to compliment himlelf in that Prince's Approbation of his Hiftory. Whoever had the Genius and fine Tafte to be pleas'd with that extraordinary Per- 25tttnrt. l6$ Performance, jmuft be the beft Judge of Wit and Learning in all France. Tho' it is ve- ry well known, that the Prince of Conde was bred in a Camp from a very Boy ; the Broils and civil Combuftions in which he was engag'd Ib many Years, befides the long "Wars in which he commanded afterward, let his Genius and Natural Parts be never fo great, could not have afforded him Leifure to qualify himfelf to be the beft Judge of Books and Literature in one of the nioft learned Countries in the World. But if the French were fo weak, as to have any great Opinion of him, Monfieur Thevenot has dif- abus'd his Country-men. HE now returns into England, where he renews his Prejudices, and after his ufual Rate pours out his fcandalous Invectives againft the Adminiftration. e P. 567. All *People were affrehenjive of black egns^ when they faw Jefferies made Lord Chief Juftice, who was fcandaloufly vicious j and was drunk every *Day ; befides a 'Drunkeft- nefs of Fury in his Temferj that looked like Enthufiafm. We will pafs the ill Manners and Brutality of this fcandalous Character, and only remark, that if Fury in Temfer may be called 'Drunkennefs, the Author, tho 7 he was fober and temperate as to Liquor, was in his Time the greateft Sot in Chriften- If my Lord Jefferies exceeded the S 4 Bounds R E M A R K S on Bounds of Temperance now and then in an Evening, it does not follow that he was drunk on the Bench and in Council. The greateft Men of Antiquity were not free from this Vice : The Cafo's themfelves, if we can believe TulLy and Horace, not only indulg'd in their Genius, but warm'd their Virtue with Wine, and prolong'd their Cups till Morning. Yet thefe Men were the Patterns of thofe great Virtues, which we at this Diftance of Time fo much ad- mire ; tho 7 they liv'd in a Southern Coun- try, where this Vice has always given grea- ter Scandal, than among the Northern Na- tions, where conftant Habit and Cuftom has almoft made it no Crime. If a Man has Faults, he had better owe them to his Liquor than Nature ; the firft may be cor- rected by Reafon and Experience, whereas the laft is incurable. ' *P. 575. Lord Halifax freffed him (Mon- mouth) to write a Letter to the King^ ac- knowledging that he had confefs'd the Tlot. Plot was a general Word> and might fig- nify as much,, or little as a Man f leafed. This is a fine Definition of a Plot, but if the Defign is real and true, A Tlot is a ( Plot y as much as a Man is a Man, or a Houfe a Houle. ' It is certain that our reverend Au- thor has all along follow'd this Notion in the Accounts that he has given of the leye- ral 2.65 ral Plots, that is, has made them Jignify as mucttj or as little as he pleased ; juft as the Intereft of his Party and his own Inclinati- on dire&ed. \\ V.j~ BUT nothing can be more aftonifhing, than the Inferences that he draws from the ConfeJJions of the dying Perfons. He has own'd before, that Hone, whom he calls a poor fimple Man., and who had fome Heat^ biit fcarce any Senfe in him., was drawn in by Keeling and Lee. Afterwards he lays, Hone confeffed his own Gtiilt^ but faid., thofe whd witneffed againfl him had engaged him in that c DeJlgn J for -, which they now charged him ; but he knew nothing of any other TerfotiSj befides himjelf and the two Witneffes. That made the Plot never the lefs true, becaule he knew no more of it ; and the Simplicity of the Man, on which the Author feems to lay fome Strefs, made him more likely to fpeak Truth. Walcot and Roufe, who dyM at the fame Time, ac- knowledg'd fo much as confirm'd the Truth of the Plot, tho' they trifled in fome Cir- cumftances relating to their own Share in the Defign. From hence the acute Dr. 2dUtflfct inters : Theft Men dying as they didj was fuch a T>ifgrace to the WitneJJes_, that the Court thought ft to make no fur- ther 1)fe of them. For a very good Rea- fon j there were no more Tryals at that Time, ^66 REMARKS OK Time, in which they had Occafion for the Evidence of Weft and Romfey. Notvftth- ftanding all that Walcot own'd at his Death, and the Letter that he wrote to Sir Leoline Jenkins > Secretary of State, in which he acknowledged that the Plot was laid very wide, and offer'd to make great Difcoveries on Condition of Mercy ; the Author is not afhamed to draw fuch monftrous Confe- quences in favour of their Innocence, and to prejudice the Credit of the Witnefles. "We will fuppofe a Cafe that is parallel. A robs B on Hounllow-Heath, BJwears againft A, that he took from him five 'Pound thir- teen Shillings ; when A comes to dye^ he owns the FacJ as to Circumftance of Time and T lace., but fays that B has wrong' d him in charging him with taking five Tound thirteen Shillings _, whereas he took but five yound twelve. This, according to Dr. 25UVttCt's way of Reafoning, ought to af- fecl: the Credit of B in the Teftimony that he gave. But the Cafe is {till a. fortiori on the other Side, for none of thofe who fuf- fered, charged the Witnefles with any In* juftice towards them. BUT what is the moft extravagant Thing of all, is the Ufe that the Bilhop makes of Holloway's Confeflion. When he fays, /. 577. The Credit of the Rve-houfe Plot received a very great Blow by his Confef- JBtttnet 167 fan. The Reader muft certainly defire to know, what this Man faid on this Occafion. But he was prevailed on by the Hopes of a Tardon., to fubmit and confefs all he knew. He faid he was drawn into fome Meetings^ in which they confulted how to raife an n- furrettion> and that he and two more had undertaken to manage a T)efign for feizing on Briftol, with the helf of fome that were to come to them from Taunton. But he added, that they had never made any 'Pro- f"efs in it. He faid, at their Meetings in ondon, Romfey and Weft were often talk- ing of lopping the King and the *Duke ; but that he had never entered into any c Difcourfe with them upon that Subjeff. Thefe were Weft, Romfey, Rombold, and his Brother ,- the fifth Terfon is not named in the pri&- ted Relation. Some faid it was Fergufon, others Goodenough. This is another Spe- cimen of the Author's Reafomng. Hoi- loway own'd, that he was at fome Meet- ings, in which they confulted how to raifo an Infyrrection, and afterwards fays, that: Weft and Romfey were often talking of lop- ping the King and the Duke ; but that he did not believe there were above five Per- ibns who approved it. For this Reafori, the fagacious Dr. "JftUtttfct infers, tint this Con- feflion gave a very great Blow to the Cre- dit of the Rye-houfe ^Plot \ but (ince he jnakes an Objection to the Probability frora the z<58 R E M A R K S m the Paucity of the Number, we will tell hirtl Ibme more befides the five mentioned. Hone abfolutely own'd, that he was to be one. Walcot muft be another, becaufe when he offer'd to Sir Leoline Jenkins to make a Di covery, what he had to fay muft relate to the Tranfattions at Weft\ Chambers, where the Affair of the AffafTmation was wholly manag'd ; he could not know much of Con- fequence in any other Branch of the Plot, not being admitted to the fuperior Councils. Goodenough was another, and Keeling by his own Confeflion, and the famous Robert Fergufon is allow'd by all, to have been the common Agitator in every Part of both Confpiracies. So here we have nine Per- fons actually engag'd ; this is a more proper Number in Regard to Secrecy, to form a Plot, than nine hundred ; every one is fup- pos'd to engage others, who, as they were to be only the Executioners under the Di- rection of their Leaders, were not fo fit to be trufted with the Councils and fecret Springs of the Defign. e P. 597. When he gives an Account of Sir Thomas Armflrorig* Behaviour at his Execution, he makes no Scruple to aflert any Thing, tho' never fo falfe, to put his Friends in a good Light, and to make thofe of his Party always die like Saints. 'Died in fo good a Temfer^ and with fo much Quiet J in %ijhop aSttttttf. in his Mindj and fo ferene a *Defortment, that we have fearce feen m our Times j a more eminent Inflance of the Grace and Mercy of God. In this Account I can con- tradict him my felf ; I faw that unhappy Man go to die : As he pafs'd along he threw about his Arms, as far as the Rope that ty'd him would permit, turn'd about his Head after an unufual Manner, drew and ihrugg'd up his Shoulders, with fuch Convulsions and Diftortions in his Countenance, fuch vifible Marks of Paflion, as fhew'd fo great a Dif- order and Peturbation of Mind, as I never obferv'd in any Englijh Man in the fame Circumftances. This in Dr. J3UtU0t's Lan- guage is, Temper j Quiet of Mindj and fe- rene'Deportment. It is no Matter for Truth, if what he fays founds but well, and fup- ports the Credit of Party. By this, and the like Accounts on the fame Occafion, which the Reader muft needs have obferv'd, it is evident, that the Author's chief Talent lyes in finely defcribing the Behaviour of Criminals, and in pathetick Narrations of their dying Speeches. It is Pity, that he had not been better acquainted with his Genius, he would have made an admirable Ordinary of Newgate, which 'was a Poft much fitter for him, than that he poflefs'd in the Church ; when we confider that the Fury of his Temper, his Thirft of Revenge, his abfolutc Want of Modefty, Humility, Charity, REMARKS on Charity, and all the apoftolical Qualities of a good Bifhop, rendered him as unfit for the paftoral Charge, as his Carnality and Love of the World, would have unqualify'd him to have been a Capuchin Fryar. But it is a "Weakneis and Misfortune common to Man- kind, always to afpire to thofe very Things for which they are the leaft quality 'd, Of- tat Efhipfia Bos. -This was the Author's Cafe, tho' at the fame Time it is not im- probable, that his Avarice was the chiefeft 'Spur to his Ambition, in begging a Bifhop- :rick with fo good a Revenue ; when we re- .fleQ: that at bottom, he had no great Kind- nefs for that Rag of the Whore, thofe Po- pilh Gugawes, the Lawn and the Mitre. The Dodor has a particular Kindnefs for this worthy Gentleman ; not content to make him die well, he would have you be- lieve that he liv'd as innocent ; by endea- vouring to exculpate him from having any Share in this Confpiracy, when in the pre- ceding Page he tells us, that, The thing that Romfey had Jwore againfl him., feemed not but of a free Converfation* which lay'd him T 174 R E M A R K S on ofen to much Cenfure in a 'vicious Court. One would have thought, that a free Con- verfation fhould have lay'd a Man open to more Cenfure in a virtuous, than a vicious Court. As it is impoflible, that the Author could have meant as he writes, we will not infill on the genuine Meaning of his Words, but allow it to be an Error in the Exprefc fion, rather than the Mind. I only remark the Miftake, to fhew the Negligence or La- zinefs of this Writer, who had fo much Time to perufe this Work ; if he had taken the Pains to have read over this Paragraph, it is impoflible, but he muft have found this Inconfiilency. AMONG the wrong Characters of the other good Bifhops, who dy'd this Year, he fays,/, ibid. That Gunning ivas a dry Man, and much mclitfd to Suferfiition. That the Reader may be apprised of what he means by the Word Superftition, he muft know, that in Dr. 25Utttet's Language, it fignifies a pious and dutiful Adherence to the Prin- ciples, Canons, Rubrjck, and Difcipline of the Church of England, as eftablifti'd firftby EDWARD VI. confirmed by Q. ELIZABETH JAMES I. CHARLES II. and all the Afts of Uniformity iince the Reformation ; who- ever would not furrender thefe, and iacrifice the Church to the Caprices of her Schifma- ticks, were Friends to Popery. To confirm this, this, he has a notable Paragraph in the very next Page : Speaking of Bifhop Ken, he fays, The King feetrfd fond of him^ and by him and Turner, the Papiftf hoped that great Pro- grefs might be made in gaming, or at leaft de- luding the Clergy. It was obfervd that all the Men in Favour among the Clergy were un mar- ried i from whom they hoped that they might probably promifc them fellies a Difpojition, to come over to them. As to one of thefe Perfons, there muft be a very great Miftake* Dr, Turner was a married Man; whether he might be a Widower at this Time, we can^ not determine. We hope there is no need of defending thefe good Men from this vile and calumnious Infmuation : Their A&ions have fufficiently convinc'd the World to the contrary : We faw the Time, when proftrate Crouds implorM their BlefTmg, and call'd them the Saviours of the Nation. No Won- der, their egregious Virtues fhould fhock a Man, who was their Antipodes in all that was good and worthy* The San&ity of Manners, the Mortification, the Chaftity in living unmarried, of that apoftolical Man Dr. Ken, muft necefTarily reproach the Sen- fuality and Love of Women in Dr. T&Wintt, who exceeded by two, the Number allow'd by the Apoftle. The fame Thing may be lawful, and not be decent. But this Con- cupifcence in our Author may comparative* ly be excused, when we confider, that a ve- T i ry zyU$- nct. GREATER Difficulties in the Belief of this Matter are to be encountered in Regard to the Confequences that, humanly fpeaking, .muft have followed the Difappointment of the pretended Scheme. If the Dutchefs of Portfmoutbj the Lords Sunder land and Go- dolphin j Barillonj and the King, had really formed a Defign to lay afide his Brother, in Favour of his natural Son, and that to pre- vent this, the King was poifoned, it follows, that the Party interefted enough to commit fo wicked an Aclion, muft have difcovered who were the Perfons concerned in this Scheme, as well as the Scheme it felf: I muft then ask my Reader, what would be J:he natural Confequences on King JAMES'S Ac- REMARKS^ Acceflion to the Throne ; in the firft Place, Monfieur Barillon at leaft would have been forbidden the Court, 'till his Mafter had juftifyed his Conduct; the new King would have found himfelf under no Obligation from any Regard to his Brother, to have treated the Dutchefs of Tortjmouth with fuch dif- tinguifhing Marks of Refpe& : In fhort, he muft have been more than pofTe.fr, to put one of thofe two Lords engaged in that Defign, at the Head of his Councils and Adminiftra- tion ; and the other fo near the Perfon of his Queen. AFTER having brought CHARLES II. to the Grave, he purities him further, and continues his Malice in a falfe and defamato- ry Character, in which, like a Judge at a Tryal, he fums up the whole Evidence a- gainft him. Tho 7 it is juft to defend the Injured, this Character is too long to be tranfcribed, and will too much tire the Rea- der : I fhall therefore only make Remarks on fome of the moft obvious and flagrant Scandals. In this Defcription he is fo very unjuft to the good Qualities of this Prince, as to give them the Name of the neighbour- ing Vices : At this Rate no Pitch of Virtue can ever be guarded from Malice ; Generofi- ty is Extravagance, and Frugality Avarice. He fays, He loft the Battle of Worcefter with too wiifh Indifference j and then he Jhewed 25tmtet 185 Jhewcd more Care of his Terfon^ than be- came one who hadfo imtch at Stake. Here that heroick Virtue, which Philofophy calls For- titude, is termed by^ the Doctor Indifference: Not daring to arraign his perfonal Courage in the Field of Battle, he charges him with taking too much Care of his Perfon after- wards ; this is the moft natural Senfe of the Words, but our Author is often equivocal. If he means too much Care of his Perfon in the Action, the Reflection is falfe, and if in the Flight, is ftupid. The Behaviour of the young King on this Occafion, was fo diftin- guifhed, as to extort the Praife of an Enemy, not over generous : He led on his Foot in Perfon, and made no fmall ImpreiTion on Cromwell's firmeft Batallions. On this Occa-r fion he had no lefs than two, if not three Horfes killed under him ; the Pikes and Bul- lets that reached the Horfes were not far from the Rider. This is enough for his Courage in the Action. If the Author means too much Care of his Perfon after- wards, it is a very extravagant Cenfure ; he would have had him flood ftill after a Rout, to betaken, and fall into the Hands of the Men who chopped off the Head of his Fa- ther : But the Reafon he gives for fuch Def- pair is admirable, becauie he had fo much at. Stake, as if his Life was of lefs confequence on that Account, and not to be managed with common Difcretion. His Addrefs in con- R E M A R K S on concealing his Perfon by diflTembling his Pain of Mind, and putting on an Air of Ea- fmefs, the fagacious Bifhop calls CarelefT- nefs, and not acting the King in the Habit of a Peafant, Levity. Our wifer Author in that Condition, would have had him have kicked the Wench who gave him a Box in the Ear, for daring to ftrike a Mo- narch. While he was abroad at Paris, Colen, or Bruflels, he never feemed to lay any Thing to Heart. He purjued all his 'Diver/ions ^ and irregular 'Tleafures m a free Career ; and feemed to be as ferene under the Lofs of a Crown j as the great eft ^Ph'ilofofher could have been. So much the greater Hero, or better Chriftian. This depends on the Man, and not on the Conduct ; what is Stupidity in a Fool, is Greatnefs of Mind in a wifer Man. When he talks of his irregular Pleafures, he muft mean his Purfuit of Wo- men. For Drinking was never his Vice, and for Gaming, he neither had Money, nor Inclination* W E mull here diftinguifh the Scenes of his Life, and not impute to his Youth the Faults of his riper Years. His Love of Women was after his Return, and not in his Exile before ; except that one Inilance of the Duke of Monmouttfs Mother, there hap- pened nothing abroad notorious enough to give publick Scandai, if we may believe Dr. ft0f JButnet 287 Charlton and others, who knew him in his Youth much better than the Author ; who are juft to his Virtues, as well as fevere to his Vices, and diftinguifh the Days of Guilt from thofe of Innocence ; whereas the cha- ritable Dr. ffiUUUet makes the whole Ten- our of his Life one and the fame Debauch. If we may give Credit to the forecited Au- thorities, as we find them collected by Mr. Echardj we have a better and truer Account of his Youth. Echard p. 770. And it is ob+ ferved from a good Handj that for many Tears before his Return ., he had been jfb chaftej or fo cautious j that thofe about him could hear no Whiff er of an indecent Gallan- try. This acquits him from thofe Vices af- cribed by the Author to his younger Days ; tho' the Weaknefs of his riper Years cannot be excufed either in Morality or Religion. However, except the ill Confequences of a bad Example, thefe Crimes could not fo much tarnifh his Character in his publick Capacity. One of our greateft and moft fortunate Monarchs, EDWARD IV. indulg'd this Vice of Wpmen as much or more than CHARLES II. yet he has not been handed down to Pofterity meerly on this Account as a very ill Man in the Colours of Dr. 25Utttef, who adds another Injuftice to the Character of this Prince, when he tells us, that, during his Exile ^ he delivered himfelf itffo entirely to his Tleajures, that he be- came z88 R E M A R K S on came uncap able of Application ; he fpent lit- tle of his Time in Reading or Study and yet lefs in Thinking. The forementioned Au- thor gives us a very different Account. ^P. lib. Theft natural Endowments were high- ly improved,, not only by his uncommon In- duftry., but by an unufual Train of Accidents unknown to other ^Princes. So that be fides his great Skill in modern Languages j Hifto- ry, Mathematicksj and Navigation ^ &rc. If this is true, all that the Author has ailerted on this Head is manifeftly falfe; thefe diffi- cult Sciences could not be attained without great Pains, and Application of the Mind, as well as Capacity; except, like another Solomon j this Prince owed his Knowledge to the Gift oflnfpiration : After taxing him with Cruelty, when forced to allow that he fometirnes forgave ; he imputes this Good- nefs to Maxims oi;' State, and not to his Na- ture : At this Rate the Virtues of all Man- kind are precarious, and may be afcribed to vicious Caufes. C P. 612. He delivered him fe If up to a woft enormous Ccitrje of Vice> without any Sort of Re ft rain t^ even from the Conjidera- tion of the nearejt Relations. \Ve all know what he means : As he barbaroufly gave to a certain Princels before a great Number of Lovers, it is but adding this one Perjury more 189 more to his folemn Appeal in his Preface, to make her and her Brother inceftuous. *P. 1 8. He went over thefe in a 'very graceful Manner j but fo often and fo very copioufly, that all thofe who had been accuf- tomed to them, grew weary of them ; and when he entered on thofe Stories they ufual- ly withdrew. My Lord Mulgrave was of another Mind. This Nobleman was edu- cated in the Court of this Prince, was ad- mitted into his Pleafures, and had the Hon- our to enjoy fo agreeable a Converfation many Years. Befides thefe Advantages, the Greatnefs of his Parts, the Delicacy of his Tafte, his perfeft Knowledge of the greater "World, and a fuperior Genius made him a better Judge, and much more capable of giving us true Ideas of this great King, than lo unqualifyed a Man as the Author, whom an inveterate Prejudice had fo blinded, as never to let him fee any Virtue in an Ene- my : Befides a conftant Habit of Romancing, was become fo natural by long Pra&ice from his very Childhood, as to make him a little uneafy, whenever obliged to fpeak Truth. Nor was this all, his Blood was fo foured by a narrow and vile Education among thole Fanatick Covenanters in Scotland^ as muft of Courfe contract the Mind, gave a Mean- nefs of Soul, and make him an Enemy to all that was Great and Noble. U I REMARKS otf I have drawn thefe two Writers of the fame Character in their proper Colours, that when they clafh and contradict one a- nother, the Reader may know whom to be- lieve the fooneft. In Oppofition to what he juft now told us, how King CHARLES tired his Company by the frequent Repetition of his Stories, the nobler Writer gives us a con- trary Account in thefe Words. He was wit- ty in all Sorts of Converfation _, and telling a Story Jo well, that not out of Flattery, but the Tleafure of hearing it, we feemed ig- norant of what he had refeated to us ten Times before ., as a good Comedy will bear the being often fe en. This is very unlike to what the Author calls running away from his Stories. / THE Peer and the Prelate are fo widely different in their Accounts of this Prince, that one or the other muft be very much miftaken. Dr. 25UW0t fays, /. ibid. That he had great Vices but fear ce any Vir- tues to correct them. My Lord Mulgrave on the contrary tells us, That his Temper both of Body and Mind^ was admirable ; which made him an eafy and generous Lover, a civil and obliging Husband^ a friendly Brother, an indulgent Father, and a good natured Mafter. This fhort Character com- prehends all the civil Offices of Life, and il- luftrates this Prince in every Capacity. If all 26ttrnef. 191 all thefe good Qualities contain any Virtues, the Author very much abufes his Reader, when he paints a King adorned with fo ma- ny Excellencies, in the hideous Colours of a Tyrant and Monfter in Vice. D R. 23U?ttt fays he was cruel, my Lord Mulgrave, of a merciful Difpofition. The Reader may eafily determine which to be- lieve, when this unjuft Man is fo unluckily abfurd, as to tax a Prince with the want of Bowels, who was remarkable for the con- trary Quality ; whofe Mercy, in Regard to himfelf and Friends, was his greaterr. Fault ; who fuffered in his Reputation both at home and abroad by a too general and hafty In- dulgence to his Enemies, in fcreening them from the Juftice of his Parliaments, in lefT- ening the Number d-efigned to be excepted, and precipitating an Acl: of Indemnity be- fore they deferved that Goodnefs. NOT content to give him all the ill Qualities that he could imagine in human Nature, he thinks fit to compare him with one of the moft flagitious of the Roman Em- perors ; and to fupport his Parallel, he tells you they were like in Countenance, and that he faw a Statue of Tiberius at Rome, which fo refembled King CHARLES, as if it had been made for- him. There is a great deal of Room left to Imagination and Fancy, in comparing the Likenefs of Pictures; be- U 2 fides R E M A R K S on fides there is no indifputable Certitude in (b / remote Antiquity, whether this Statue was genuine or no : Statues are not fo undenia- bly fure as Medals, which have Letters and Names infcribed upon them. But fuppof- ing it made for Tiberius., it is podible, it might not be like him ; we fee at this Day in catching the Likenefs, both Painters and Statuaries, tho' very great Artifts, fome- times fail. But we will for once allow that King CHARLES refembled Tiberius in Vif- age, it will not follow that he muf! be like him in Manners. My Lord Mulgrave has deftroyed this Confequence, when he tells us, That he was an illuflrious Exception to all the common Rules of Thy Jiognomy ; for with a mofl Saturnine harjh Sort of Counte- nance j he was both of a merry and merciful "We will now examine his Parallel be- tween King CHARLES .and Tiberius. P. 613. TiberiusV Banijbmentj and his com- ing afterwards to reign, makes the Compa- rifon in that RefpeEt come pretty near j his hating ofBufinefs., andLoveofPleafures; his raifmg of Favourites, and trujling them entirely > and his pulling them down, and hating them excejjively ; his Art of covering deep *Defigns, particularly of Revenge, wit/ an Appearance of Softnefs brings them fo near a, Likenefs, that I did not wonder much 2.9$ much to obferve the Refemblance of their Face and Terfon. Without the lame Mo- tives and Reafons, both for their Banifh- ment and Succeffion, thofe two Events un- der different Circumtfances will not make the Cafes parallel. BUT Tiberius was not banifhed at all : This unlucky Man miftakes in the Hiftory of other Countries, as much as in his own ; he made a voluntary Retreat to the Ifle of Rhodes, went and came back with the Leave of the Prince to whom he was a SubjecT: ; CHARLES was expelled by the Rebellion of his own, Tiberius mounted the Throne, not without Sufpicion of having unfairly re- moved his PredecefTor, to whofe Adoption he own'd all his Pretentions to Empire; CHARLES was called home to his undoubt- ed Right by the unanimous Voice of his longing People. Tiberius put his Favou- rites to Death by an arbitrary and abfolute Power, only to get their Riches ; CHARLES never difcarded his, till they had firft be- trayed him, and then refumed not the Grants and Bounties that he had given. With his own good Will, he punifhed none with Death, but pardoned Rebels, and them by the Laws of his Country, after they had tired his Patience by repeated Provocations, and made his Juftice not more necelTary to his own, than the Safety of his People, U 3 Tiberius 194 REMARKS 07* Tiberius difTembled to over-reach and cir- cumvent the Innocent ; CHARLES thro' ab- folute NecefTity to defend himfelf againft the Defigns of the Guilty. Nor was their Conduct and Habit of Life lefs different than their Manners ; the one {hut himfelf up in a little * Rock, with his Pantomimes, Cata- mites, Eunuchs, and other inftruments of his unnatural Lufts ; the other in all his Dif- orders kept himfelf within the Bounds of Nature, and was fo far from abfconding, or concealing his Perfon, that no King of Eng- land ever expofed himfelf fo much to the View of his Subjects; not only twice or thrice yearly on his Throne in the great Af- fembly of his People, but (hewed himfelf daily in his Parks, Gardens, or Tennis- Courts, where by his Activity and Vigour, he gave his good Subjects Hopes of enjoy- ing him long, by adding Health to that Lite, in which they had fo great an Intereft. At laft the Cataftrophes of thefe two Prin- ces were as different as their Lives. Tiberius dyed abhorred and detefted, loaded with the Execrations of the Roman World, as a Mon- fter of Mankind, and an Excrefcence of Na- ture. CHARLES grew more aimable, re- ver'd and almoft adored, the nearer he ap- proached his End ; and when Death came, * Ifland o expirecj %ifiop JCttrnet. 195 expired amidft the Sighs, Tears, and Groans of a diftra&ed People, who facrificed to his Memory, by the moft fmcere and u- niverfal Mourning, that ever was known in England on the like Occafion. THE Author would have been more lucky in his Choice, and have drawn a jufter Parallel, if he had compared this Prince with the fortunate PredecefTour of this infamous Tyrant, Such a Comparifon would have given a better Opinion of his Judgment, as well as his Juftice, and have made him con- cur with the greater Part of the World, who have always allowed and called the Times of King CHARLES II. the Auguftan Age of England, fo great was the Refemblance of Genius and Manners. Both thefe great Princes were invited to Empire after long and bloody civil Wars, whofe Wounds they equally healed with the fame pacifick Hands ; they both alike pardoned their grea- ' teft Enemies, and both met with the fame Returns \ England had her Cmnas as well as Rome. The great Events of their Reigns were equally aufpicious. They both law their Capital Cities rebuilt with greater Mag- nificence ; they both reformed the Rudeneis in the Manners of the Age, and introduced a Politenefs and Elegance unknown before, not more by their Encouragement, than Ex- amp le. The Purity of the Latin and Eng- Tongues are owing to the Care and Im- \J 4 provement REMARKS, & c . provcment of thofe two Monarchs. The nobleft Wits and diviner Poets flourifhed in their Times ; Arts and Sciences fprung and bloomed in the Sun-fhine of their warm In- fluence; the Mufes and Graces attended them to the Throne, and vanifhed when they departed ; as whatever was Noble and Great at Rome,, was owing to Auguflus Ctffarj fo all that are illuftrious at this Day among us in the nobler Sciences, had their Birth or Education under the aufpicious Star of CHARLES II. In fhort, they both vanquished all Difficulties with the fame Felicity, and after long, peaceful, and prof- psrous Reigns, dyed equally lamented by their Subjects. The only Difference between them was in Extent of Command, in the Greatnefs of Empire, and not of the Men. B Y what has been faid, the Reader may fee the wrong and unjuft Character the un- worthy Author has given of this great Prince, and that no Virtue or Merit is out of the 'Reach of Malice. On this Occafion to con- firm in his Reader the Belief of what he has afferted, he concludes with renewing his Im- piety, appealing once more to the God of Truth, and ufing his Name to defend the blacked and molt egregious Falfhoods. REMARKS REMARKS Hiftorical and Critical : BOOK IV. E are now come to a Reign, in which, for fome Reafons, I fball be very referved and laconick. The Author here is fafe in his Trenches, and cannot be attacked without manifeft Danger. To battle him now is a kind of Tryal ordeal; we muft ihut our Eyes, and to come at him pafs over burn- ing Plow-fhears. However, in Matter of Fatt, if he pleafes to call it Noon, when the Sun is below the Horizon, tho' it may be Z98 REMARKS be too bold in plain Terms to fay it is Night, we may venture to bring an Equation Ta- ble, and not be of both his Opinions, when he contradifts himfelf. He begins his At- tack on this unfortunate Reign with a coun- terfeit Tendernefs, which bodes no good to the unhappy Object of his Malice. The Writers of natural Hiftory aifure us,that there are certain terrible Animals, who always weep over the Prey they are going to devour. If it is ominous, as the Ancients believe, to ftumble at the Threfhold, we have no good Prefage of what is to come, and if he pro- ceeds as he begins in this Reign, the Reader may expecl: a noble Hiftory ; for he opens the firft Scene with a moft notorious, and one of the leaft fupportable Falfhoods in all his Book. 2*. 6ic. It was a heavy Solemnity. Few Tears were /bed for the former _, nor were there any Shouts of Joy for the frefent King. We will join liTue with the Author, and let all the Difpute between us be decided by the Verity or Falfhood of this one AfTerti- on. Tho* he is equally wrong in both, as to Fact ; we fhall not infift on the Joy, which was as great as common Decency, after fuch a Lofs, would permit ; but as for the Grief, there never was fuch a Scene of Woe in England : The Sorrow was fo epi- demical as not to diftinguilh Party: The Senfe 199 Senfe of the Lofs fo general, that the mean- er Sort of the People, as well as the rich- er, paid their Tribute to his Memory ; there was fcarce a Servant Maid betwixt White -Chaff el and Weflminfter-Abby who was not in black Crape, the Womens Mourning at this Time., upon this Occafi- on. For the Truth of this, we appeal to every Man or Woman now alive, who is old enough to remember fo remarkable an Event., B Y this it is plain, that Dr. clefigned to juftify the Character that he has given of King CHARLES, by making Pofterity believe, that he was as little belo- ved by the Age in which he lived, as he would have him be efteemed by the Future. This muft be his only View in denying a Scene of Grief fo vifible, notorious, and u- ntverfal, as to leave no Poflibility of efca- ping Obfervation ; unlefs, by fome peculiar Organization the Senfes of this good Bifh- op fo depended on one another, as to make him unable to fee that Grief, which he could not feel. T. 621 . The Marquefs of Halifax had Reafon to look on himjelfj as in ill Terms 'with the King : So in a private Audience., he made the befl Excufes he could for his fynduff of late. The King diverted the 3CO R E M A R K S on ^Diftour/e., and faid, that he would forget every Thing that was p aft, except his Beha- viour in the Bufmejs of the Exclufion. My Lord Halifax had particularly diitinguifbed liimfelf by fupporting the Intereft of the Duke in the Affair of the Exclufion, the Acknowledgment of which Service, by fo fine a Turn, ought to be recorded among the Apophthegms of W^r^and the Anci- ents. The Author certainly was not him- ielf, when he had the good Nature to com- municate to us, an Anfwer fo genteel, fo gracious, and at the fame Time fo grateful, as muft fet this Prince in fo beautiful a Light, as we have no Reafon to fuppofe that he cordially defigned to place a Man, whom in all other Refpefts he has treat- ed with the laft Injuftice, f P. 623. Complaints carKe up from all the 'Parts of England of the Injiiftice and Violence nfed in Elections j/beyond whatever had been praftifed in former Times. They were neither Men of 'Parts or Eftates ; fo that there was no Hope left of working on their ''Onderjlandings, or making them fee their Intcreft in not giving the King all at once ; moft of them were furious and via- lent j and feemed to recommend them fe I've s to the Kingj by putting every Thing tn his *Power, &c. This is ib far from Truth, that never were fewer Intrigues, lefs Manage- ment, 301 ment, or Competition in any Ele&ion of Members. The Party difaftefted at this Time were too weak to ftruggle with the Torrent j befides, they were fo thunder- ilruck, and under fuch a Confirmation in this Juncture, as to be glad to fit Ml, and compound to be quiet ; they were juftly a- fraid to revive the Memory, and by new Oppofition awaken the old Refentrnent of their paft Behaviour. In Regard to their Eftates,and Circumftances, I muft refer the Reader to the printed Lift of that Parlia- ment, by which, if he knows the Gentlemen of Fortune and Quality in the refpeHve Counties in England., he will be able to judge of this Author's Integrity. This Par- liament were good Subje&s, when they had no Reafon to be diflatisfyed ; and afterwards, as good Patriots, when they thought the Laws and Religion in Danger : The noble Stand that they then made, contradi&s his Account of their Fury and Devotion' to the Court; their being laid afide, and after- wards dhTolved in Anger, abfolutely confute this Calumny. When the Actions of Men fpeak fo loudly, there is no Need of Words to defend them. e P. 637. For as the fecular Court could not order his Ecclejiajiical Habit to be taken from him. It is remarkable, that the firft Time he ihews any Concern for the Privi- lege R E M A R K S on lege and Intereft of the Clergy, is in behalf of Dr. Oates > tho' it is a moot Point to this Day, whether he was ever canonically ordained or no ; of which we believe there are no very authentick Teftimonials. here fhe embarked on a Veflel prepared for this Purpofe, {ailed down the River, and landed at Calais. I could give the Reader Inftances of fuch Miftakes in eve- ry Page of this Reign, if it were necefiary to convince him more of this Author's re- peated Falfhoods. If he is fo erroneous in his own Times, and in Things of which he may be fuppofed to be a Witnefs, how little is he to be depended on in the remoter Scenes of his Book, where he cannot be con- tradicted. Befide, the wrong Turns and Difguifes of Fad, the pofitive Atfertions contrary to Trutli fo univerfelly fpread thro 7 this Book, makes me remember a Story of the famous Harry Killigrew^ who had much Sifiep 307 more Wit than came to one Man's Share. This Gentleman being ask'd what Relation he had to Lying, Ki/ligrew,, pleaiantly re- ply'd, Sir_, that is no T)iftinttton in our Family j we are all LyarSj my Father was a Lyar., my Ancles were Lyars^ my Bro- thers were Lyars_, and I myfelf am a very great Lyar., but I fuppofe you mean my Con- fin Will, who never fpoke one Word of Truth. A Man may have Leave to be tree with himfelf ; tho 9 this was not true as to Fab, ; there having been a great many Perfons or Probity of that Family and Name, we mull allow for the Extravagance of Wit and Hu- mour. If this merry Story is applicable to , any Book now extant in the World, it is to this before u,s, in which, without any Ag J gravation or Hyperbole, we may boldly af- firm, not to mention Faults and Mittakes common to other Men, there are as many pofitive Untruths, and which the Author knew in his Confcience to be fuch, as there are Pages in the Book, \vhofe Number a- mounts to 826. IT is now higliTime to draw to aGonclu- fion of this Work, in which I hope that I have given my Readers no Offence by exceeding the Bounds of Decency and good Manners, not- withftanding the great Provocations that he has given* I am not afhamed to be thought X 2 good 308 R E M A R K S on good natur'd, and muft therefore own, that when I have been obliged to treat him with Severity, it was a Violence to my Inclinati- ons. But if a Man will break thro' all the Fences of Decency and common Juftice, make War upon Truth and Virtue, and thus fun a Muck at Mankind, he muft be dif- arm'd, regarded as mad, and be bound and chain'd like a Mad-man. An uhfair Enemy has no Right to the Law of Arms, and can expect no more Quarter, than he himfelf has given. HERE! am obliged to leave him, tho' not for want of Matter ; in that he is never deficient : But I have now brought him down to the Brink of the Revolution, a Sea, too deep and dangerous for me to fathom. The fecret Springs of that great Event, like the Fountains of Nile,, are * infcrutable ; Whirlwinds and Thunder forbid the Search of what is too facred for our Speculation. However,, I flatter my felf that I have al- moft hunted him down ; and tho', like a * The Source of Nile, tho' now discovered, was un- known to the Ancients : The Egyptians had fuch an O- pinion of the Sanctity of this River, that they thought the Gods would not permit his Head to DC known. V. //< rodotus, Juftw, &c. confecutively, in Defence of Dr. 28tttfl0t,, fome Animadverfions on thefe Remarks. Wrong, and Unjuft, as they were., we deferred to anfwer them at that Time, in Expectation, that fome Cham- pion, of the Party would vindicate their favourite Hiftorian by anfwering the whole Book; this we were made believe; but as. more than a Year has elapfed fmce thefe Re- marks firft appear'd, and no one has been fb hardy as to undertake this Province, fo dif- ficult it is for the Wit of Man to make Truth Falfhood ; we have thought fit to take this Opportunity of a fecond Edition, to {hew the Injuftice, as well as Inconfii- tences of thefe Animadverfions. IT 5ii P ST SCR1 PT. I T is remarkable, that of all Days in the Year, the Author of the Flying Tofl, and the Londcn Journal ift, as if it were in con- cert to blow up the Royal Family, pitchM upon the Ci)ftfet$ Of 3J0nuatt> to worry the Memory of the martyr'd King and his Father. The firft of thefe Writers fell un- der the Cenfure of the Adminiftration, for the impudent Falfhoods, that he afTerted on that Occafion ; how the other came to e- fcape, we' know not, tho* his Guilt was ag- gravated by this Circumflance, that his pre- ient Majefty is immediately defcended from the Loyns of this Prince whom he fo vili- fies, and makes the greateft Knave and Hy- pocrite that ever wore a Crown. How fine a Compliment he has made to the King, in thus abuiing his Great-grand-father, I leave the World to judge. HE begins his Attack with accufmg me of per fo nail y ill treating Archbifhop Tillotfon,, andBifhop JSumet; his Words are thefe. 4 As for the -perlonal and grofs Abufes of ' the Archbifhop and Bifhop 73umt, 1 which the Author has taken implicitely c from an old Libel of Dr. Hicks againit ' them ; it is enough to fay, that there was * a very full Anfwer to it written in the Year 1696, by the Bifhop himfelf, in f which every particular Slander was an- fwer'd, 'PO STSCR1PT. 313 " fwer'd, and to which not the leaft Reply " was ever made. " The Journaliit is very much miftaken ; I had not the Story of Dr. Tillotfon^ Grace, from the Book of Dr. Hicks, as he aflerts ; I had my felf the Ac- count at Cambridge above eight or nine Years before that Book of Dr. Hicks ever appear'd : The Story was occafionally told me, by my happening to make a Vifit in the fame Chambers, where that great Man refided, when he was of Clare-Hall ; the Rooms ftood in the iame Place, tho 7 , as I remember, the College had been rebuilt. The Tradition was univerfal, and pafsM uncont radioed in the Univerfity, at which time there were feveral Perfons old enough to have remember'd this Incident, and who wanted not Inclination to have done Juftice to Dr. Tillotfon by difproving this Slander, if there had been any room to have contra- dicted the Fad. As Dr. Tillotfon never thought fit, as I could hear, to juftify him- felf againft this Afperfion, during his own Life, by any folemn and pubiick Denial of the FaQ:, it is to be prefum'd, that he had too much Confcience to tell a pofitive Un- truth, and too much Candor to difown an Indifcretion of his younger Days, of which it is poflible, that he might have been both aftiamed and repented. What Dr. SSttWet fays in his Juftification two Years after his Death, will bear very little Weight with all who PO ST SCRIPT. who know him : The Argument that Dr, Hicks never thought fit to rejoin, and an- fwer Dr ^UWet, will fall to the Ground, when we confider the Circumftarices of the Times in which Dr. Hicks wrote ; he had averrd this Story of Dr. Tillotfon in. writing, and could not bring any tardier Teftimony, but the perlbnal Evidence of thofe who knew this Matter, who muft be fuppofed too cautious to expofe thcmfelves by appearing in fuch a Caufe, where the Current of the Times was wholly againft them, efpecially, if they expected any Pre- ferment in that Government. All the Proofs that Dr. 2Bttf tttt brings., is the Teftimony of fome Perfons who lived at that time, 'ancl who pretend not to have heard this Story. This is at beft but a negative Argument, and will be very unconclufive as to the Proof, or Difproof in Matter of FacL For thefe Gentlemen to pretend that they did not remember this Story fo many Years af- ter, was a very eafy Compliment to the Memory of Dr. TtlLotfon ; it is what good- natur'd Men, on the like Occafion, without any great Breach of Morality, do every Day, thro' Tendernefs of hurting the Repu- tation of another ; but if the fame Perfons had been examin'd in a Court of Juftice on this Head, it is highly probable, that the Awe and Solemnity of an Oath, might have awakenM and refreihM their Memories. His POSTSCRIPT. 315 H i s next Objection, is for charging Dr. 38UtfflCt with want of Charity, when he afTerts, that the Duke of Lenox was a Pa- pifl, tho' he had fo much Reafon to believe the contrary. For the Proof of this Charge, 1 have quoted Archbifhop Sfotfwood^ who has given us an Account of a Proclamation at this time by King James VI. to clear the Duke from this Afperfion. This Writer de- nies not, that there was fuch a Proclamation, but makes this extraordinary Compliment to the Memory of that Prince. " I believe " no Body will doubt, that the Archbifhop " tells the Truth, when he fays, that fuch a " Proclamation was iflu'd, but whether " that Proclamation contains a true or falfe " Account, depends not on the Credit of sc Archbiftiop Spotfwood^ but the King him- " felf. It was published in order to juftify " the King in adhering to a Favourite, for " whom the whole Nation had an A verfion, ;< and whom they fufpecled of being a falfe " Convert, and whom the Nobility had T r ~lorcM from him, and obliged to retire in- ?* to France > and whither that King had " fuch an inviolable Regard to Truth, as c to make him incapable of fetting out an ' untrue Fad, when it was for his Intereft '* to do it, I leave to the Judgment of all, c who know any thing of this Hiilory, ^f." y hen this Animadverter appeals to all, who have $id POSTSCRIPT. have read the Hiftory of K. JAMES in regard to their Belief of this Matter, I mull: tell him, that he is very much miftaken, if he thinks the Generality of Men as uncharitable as himfelf : none but the moft deeply prejudi- ced, without better Proof, \v ill believe a Prince capable of fo bafe a Forgery, fuch an Impofition on Mankind, with the Solemni- ty of a Royal Proclamation, the Contents of which, if not true, could fo eafily, and would fo certainly have been difprov'd at the Time. That the Nobility in this'Jun- hire, forced that innocent Nobleman from the Arms of the King his Kinfman and Ma- tter, will be no great Difcredit to the Duke of Lenox : When we reflect on the Rage of the Sedition, the univerfal DirTufion of the Poyfon, which has made the Scotch Hiftory of thefe Times read fo black ; we fhall the Jefs wonder, that a turbulent and factious Nobility., who had imbib'd fuch horrid Principles, and were unreftrain'd by any Senfe of Duty to God or their King, fhoula by Violence banifh their fellow Subject, when die fame Men made no Scruple more than once to feize and imprifon the Perfon of their Prince. What this Writer infmu- ates, feems no very good Argument, when he urges, that " Archbilhop Sjfetfwood fay- " ing fo little on this Occafion, and making " no Remarks of his own upon it, but " barely relating the Proclamation, an 4 the King's POSTSCRIPT. 317 " King's Motives for iflbing it,, makes it w very doubtful, whether or no, he was fa- " tisfied of the Truth of it. " This odd Way of Reafoning, obliges us to repeat the Archbifhop's Words, that the Reader may the better judge of his Sentiments on this Occafion. Sfotjwood, p. 324. " This the' if true, made him no more a Papift, than the King of Spain's receiving a Letter from the King of Scotland made him a Protefc tant. His next Authority will be of equal Weight, to prove this Fat on the King ; tliis is a Letter from the fame Cardinal T> 3 Off at to the King of France, dated from Rome in the Year 1596. " To Day after " Dinner I had an Audience of the Pope, " and acquainted his Holinefs with the Con- " tents of the Duke of Seffe*s Letter con- " cerning the King of Scotland^ which was " intercepted and decypher'd, to which his " Holinefs made me no Anfwer ; only when < c I asked him, if he had a Mind that your " Majefty fhould fend him the Original Let- " ter ; he anfwerM, that there was no Oc- " cafion ". What is this to the Purpofe in proving that King JAMES wrote to the Pope ? Here is a Letter intercepted in France con- cerning King JAMES ; at the fame Time we are told no Contents of this Letter, by whom, and to whom it was written, nof on what Occafion ; and yet this is brought to fupport Dr. 25UttTt's pofitive Aflertionj that King JAMES wrote to the Pope. As the whole Tenour and Condut of that Prince's Life in regard to Religion, abfolute- ly deftroy all juft Sufpicion of his being a Papift, and coniequently the Probability of his Writing to the Pope, I muft once more Y 2 charge 314 POST CRIP T. charge Dr. l&Uttttt with Rafhnefs and want of Charity in accufing this King of a Fat, to prove which he and his Friend have brought fo little Evidence. But JBtttattttti Cttg goes beyond Dr. JSuwet, the laft on- ly makes him inclin'd to Popery, whereas the firft fays pofitively that he was a Papift. For after having, as he thinks, prov'd by Sr. Ralph Winwood's Memoirs that he cor- refponded with Spain, and by Cardinal *D } O/at's Letters that he wrote to the Pope, tho' thofe Letters intimate pofitively the contrary, he is pleafed to draw a very ftrange Confequence in ufmg my own Words on a- nother Occafion, " What greater Evidence " can we have of a Man's Religion" ? If this is Logick, let us burn Ariflotle and Burgerfdicius. At this rate of judging Men and Things, when we reflect on the equivocal Manner, the conftant Difguife and Sophiftry of a certain Writer, we have more Probability, greater Motives of Cre- dibility to fway our Belief, that fuch a Man is a Jeiiiit, at leaft has very much conversed with Jefuits, than that King JAMES VI. of Scotland was a Papift. His next Complaint is, that the good Bifhop is abus'd for faying " that K. JAMES " feton the Murder of the ! Earl of Murray ^ " upon a fecret Jealoufy ihat the King had " conceived of him ". And with very good Reafon ; POS1CRIPT. 3x5 Reafon ; till that Matter is undeniably pro- ved, it cannot be pofitively affirmed, with- out the greateft Breach of Charity, and a Violation of all that is facred in regard to the Dead, by charging an innocent Perfon, efpecially a King, with one of the moft hor- rid, and atrocious of Crimes. The Reader will find moft of his Arguments on this Head confuted before in my Anfwer to Dr. SSUtttet; but J&rifanmcUS gives a very wrong Turn to the Matter, and would have you believe, that I make Archbifhop Spotfivood ground the Death of the Earl of Murray upon his having been in BothwelPs Confpiracy ; I lay no fuch Thing, and have only quoted the Archbifhop* s Narrative of the Matter ; upon this I make my own Re- fle&ions on the Juftice of the Proceeding in the Cafe of the Earl of Murray, who by his Rafhnefs juftifyed his Fate ; and at the fame Time I affert the King's Innocence. Upon a due Examination of this Matter, it will be found that the Point doth not turn upon the Earl of Murray's being real- ly Guilty, or not Guilty ; that is wholly out of the Cafe. Sfotjwood tells you, " That a Rumor was fpread, that the Earl " of Murray was feen in the Palace with " Bothwell the Night of the Enterprize, and " upon this, Hunt ley prevail'd on the King u to grant him a Commiflion to apprehend y Murray , and bring him to Tryal". Eve- Y ^ ry TOSTCRIPT. ry Government has a right to bring their Subjects to a fair Tryal according to the Pre- fcription of the Laws, and the Subject at the fame Time is obliged to fubmit to all the legal Methods employ'd to bring him to fuch a Tryal, by which he has an Opportuni- ty of purging himfelf. But if a Man will be fo rafh and defperate as to refift Authority, he muft thank himfelf for all the Confequen- ces ; fuch was the prefent Cafe, Here is a Lord Lieutenant of a County, and a She- riff, with a Warrant from the King, go to apprehend a Nobleman, who, tho 7 fum- mon'd to furrender according to Form of Law, refills, kills the Sheriff, and is himfelf killed in the Difpute, in Heat of Blood, To make this Argument a fortiori, we will wave the Authority of a Lord Lieutenant and a Sheriff, the chief Officers under the King, in the Difcharge of the executive Pow- er, and fuppofe a common Conftable with a legal Warrant fronjja Juftice of Peace, fhould kill a Man wrongfully in apprehending him ; I appeal to all the World, nay to J&tttatt* $11CU$ himfelf, whether or no the Juftice or JVlagiftrate, who gave fuch legal War- rant, could be refponfible for the ill Con- duel; of the Officer in the Execution of it. By Parity of Reafon, King JAMES muft be acquitted of any Guilt in this Affair, fup- poling the Earl of Hunt ley had afted never ip wrong but by Spot/wood's Account, no Body TOS1CRJPT. 317 Body tranfgrefs'd the Law, but Murray him- felf, and confequently he had the Guilt of his own Blood on his own Head. THIS "Writer has more than once infi- nuated as if Sfotjwood had an ill Opinion of K. JAMES in both Affairs, that of the Duke of Lenox, and that of the Earl of Murray : To find whether or no he is not unjuft to the good Archbifhop, we muft fee the Chara&er, which that Prelate has given of this Prince at the End of his Life. Spotf- r wood, p. 546. " The Thurfday before his " Death, he defired the blefled Sacrament " to be miniftred unto him, which he re- " ceived with great Devotion, profefling " to the Prince his Son, and thofe who ftood " by, that he had received a (ingular Com- " fort thereby, wifhing all Men to do the " like, when they were vifited in that Soft. " From that Time to the Hour of his " Death, he was ftill almoft praying, and " had fome Sentence of Piety in his Mouth. " As he drew near to his End, the Prayer " ufually faid at the Hour of Death being " ended, having repeated once or twice " thefe Words, Veni T)omme Jefitj he gave " up the Ghoft, without any Pangs that are " commonly feen in Perfons that are dying. " He was the Solomon of this Age, admi- " red for his wife Government and his " Knowledge in all Manner of Learning ; Y 4 for 318 POSTSCRIPT. u for his Wifdom, Moderation, and Love " of Juftice; for his Patience and Piety, " which fhined above all his other Virtues, " and is witneiTed in the learned Works he " left to Posterity. His Name (hall never be " forgotten, but remain in Honour as long " as the World endureth. We that had the * c Honour and Happinefs many Times to " hear him difcourfe of the moft weighty V Matters, as well of Policy as Divinity ; " now that he is gone, muft comfort our- " felves with the Remembrance of thefe *' Excellences, and muft reckon it not the That he conftantly adherM to the Nuncio's Party, in Opposition to his Majefty's Authority. fifthly. 33* POST SC RIPT. Fifthly., That he fat from Time to Time in the fupreme Council of Kilkenny. Sixthly j That he figned the execrable Oath of AfTociation. Seventhly., That he was commiflionM, and acted as Lieutenant General from the laid AfTembly at Kilkenny. Eighthly ; That he declar'd, by feveral Letters of his own penning, himfelf to be in Conjunction with Owen Roe Oneal^ 8cc. W E will tell tftftatttnCttg another Crime, which would have incapacitated my Lord Antrim from receiving any Benefit from the Aft of Settlement, this is, if he had ever aflerted the Regal again ft the Papal Autho- rity, and ever after had repented, fo as to have received Abfolution for it,fuch a qualm of Confcience would have intirely difquali- fy'd him. But all this is nothing to the Purpofe, my Lord Antrim might have done all thefe things without any Guilt, if he had the King's Confent and Authority ; whoe- ver has that Sanction can be no Rebel by the Laws of England ; and no body will deny, but that the King can give any of his Sub- jects leave to correfpond and mix with his Enemies, if he thinks it for his Service ; this would P STSC RIPT. 53? Would certainly excufe my Lord Antrim at the Reftoration , when the Son of King CHARLES was on the Throne: ^Though I muft entirely join with 2&tt&ntTtCU$ in O- pinion, that fuch a Plea would have done him very little Service with the Gentlemen, of Forty one: Thofe Tyrants, if they could have pick'd thefe Holes in his Coat, would have had very little Mercy on a faithful Sub- ject, who made no fcruple to arraign his and their King and Matter as a Traytor. To end this Difpute, the whole Affair turns on this one Point of Bloodfhed, of which there is not the leaft mention in thefe eight Arti- cles againft the Marquefs. In Geometrical, the moft certain of all Demonftration, Ar- guments ab abfurdo are as ftrong and con- clufive as the moft pofitive Inferences ; we muft therefore once more affirm, that, if humanly fpeaking, it was morally impoiftble for my Lord Antrim to have been guilty of the MaiTacre, or any fuch Bloodfhed, with- out being feverely chaftis'd by Cromwell, or the Rump, when they had him in their Pow- er ; and it evidently appears to the contrary, that he was not chaftis'd by Cromwell^ or the Rump, though they had him in their Power ; it will follow, that it is morally im- pofftbie for my Lord Antrim to have been guilty of the Maflacre, &c. Confequently," the Letters of the King and Queen could not excufe a Man in the Commiffion of a Faclr which 334 POSTSCRIPT. which he did not commit ; and of courfe the Malice of Dr. JBumtt is defeated. AFTER this train of undeniable Confe- quences, there remains nothing more to be faid on this Affair of my Lord Antrim j but a trifle of no great Importance, which I o- mitted to take Notice of in its proper Place. This Gentleman would fain fet the Bifhop right in an Objection that I have made a- gainft the Probability of the Bifhop's know- ing much of this Affair, from the rawnefs of his Age at this Time, when he brags to have feen much of the Management at this juncture : To obviate this Objection, he fays, that the Bifliop " does not pretend to give " a methodical Relation of the Times be- " fore the Reftoration, but only to relate " fome Particulars of thofe Times, that " came to his Knowledge". If an Author will be fo precife and exact, as conftantly to fet down in the Margent, as he goes along, the Date of the Year right again ft the Text of the Book, he muft thank himfelf, if by his jumbling of Matters, there is any Mi- ftake made in his Chronology : He owns, that young Mr. 25ltrtTtt did not come to London till the Year 1662, though the Doo tor, in his Book, marks the Years 60, and 6 1 in the Margent, when he mentions my Lord Antrim. For once we will give him a Year or two ; this C once (lion will make him no POSTSCRIPT. 335 no more than 19 years of Age, too fmall a difference of Time to do any great Service in ripening the Judgment, fo as to qualify the young Scotchman to be an Englijb Pri- vy Couniellor. H i s next Obje&ion is to what I have faid of Dr. JStlttiet, in his Story from Stoupe ; there is no need of difputing on this Head ; he owns himfelf that there was a Miftake ; I have had the Charity to charge him with no more, and have only warn'd the Reader not to have too implicit a Faith in the Narrative Part of his Book. A s to what he fays of Dr. Sharp and Ge- neral Monk, I hope that I have iufficiently anfwered thofe Calumnies, in my Remarks on Bilhop 25lttttet; and if I have fail'd in regard to the General, all thofe barbarous Slanders, both of the Doctor and his Friend 35tftatttUCU& are intirely difprov'd in the excellent Preface to the Life of General Monk, written by Dr. Skinner, and lately publiihed : To that Book I refer the Reader for his farther Satisfaction. I fhall therefore only affirm in defence of Dr. Sharp, that he had intirely refign'd and given up his Agen- cy for the Tresbytertansj two Years before that he accepted the Archbifhoprick of St. Andrews j and confequently could not be- tray when he was not trufted. The Malice of POSTSCRIPT. of this Journalift teems more ulcerated a* gainit. General Monk., than even the Rage of Dr. )6tttnet ; for when he would juitify him, in his Afperfions on that Great Man, he ufes this ExpreHion, " But he blames him " for doing it by impious and treacherous " Means'"'. I muft once more appeal to the Reader, whether or no it is poftible to be- lieve, that a Man who is fo hardy as to af- firm, that General Monk us'd impious and treacherous Means in the Affair of the Re- ftoration, is not, at the bottom of his Heart, intirely difpleas'd at that more than glorious Revolution. H i s next Objection is more extraordina- ry ; in contradiction to what I have affirm- ed againft a Miftake of Dr. JBimtet, who would make the Declaration from Breda ex- tend to Scotland and Ireland^ JSjifatUU* CU, to fupport the Falfhood of that Afler- tion, in his way of Reafoning feems to infi- nuate an Argument that is not a little divert- ing ; this is, becaufe the King, in the Style of his Declaration, calls himfelf CHARLES, by the Grace of God., King of England, Scot- land, France, and Ireland, S$c. by Parity of Reafon it extended to France alfo : This bold Man forces me to trouble the Reader with the whole Declaration, that he may be the better Judge between us. POSTSCRIPT. 237 '< ^iilili 8 ^ iP?ie3SAe^i% : -, . ^ ^BRGefi^ffiBMBi^^ .H/V Majeftys Gracious ^Declaration to aH his Loving Subjects. CHARLES, R. CHARLES, by the Grace of God, King of England j Scotland, France > and Ireland j Defender of the Faith, Sfc. To all our Loving Subjects, of what Degree or Quality foever, Greeting. If the general Diftra&ion and Confufion which is fpread o- ver the whole Kingdom doth not awaken all Men to a Defire and Longing that thofe Wounds, which have fo many Years together been kept Bleeding, may be bound up, all we can fay will be to no Purpofe : However, after this long Silence, we have thought it our Duty to declare how much we delire to contribute thereunto ; and that as we can never give over the Hope, in good Time, to obtain the PoiTeflion of that Right which God and Nature hath made our Due \ fo we do make it our daily Suit to the Divine Pro- vidence, that he will, in Companion to us Z and 338 ^POSTSCRIPT. a nd our Subjects, after fo long Mifery and Sufferings, remit, and put us into a quiet and peaceable PofTeiTion of that our Rjghtj with as little Blood and Damage to our Peo- ple as is poffible : Nor do we defire more to enjoy what is Ours, than that all our Subjects may enjoy what by Law is theirs, by a full and intire Adminiftf ation of Juftice through- out the Land, and by extending our Mercy where it is wanted and deferved. A N D to the End that the Fear of Punifh- ment may not engage any, confcious to themfelves of what is paft, to a Perfeverance in Guilt for the Future, by oppofing the Quiet and Happinefs of their Country in the Reiteration both of King, Peers, and Peo- ple, to their Juft, Ancient, and Fundamen- tal Rights : We do by thefe Prefents declare, That we do Grant a Free and General Par- don, which we are ready, upon demand, to pafs under our Great Seal of England > to all our Subjects, of what Degree or Quality fo- ever, who, within forty Days after the Pub- lifhing hereof, fhall lay hold upon this our Grace and Favour, and fhall by any publick Aft declare their doing fo ; and that they return to the Loyalty and Obedience of good Subjects ; excepting only fuch Perfons as fhall hereafter be excepted by Parliament : Thofe only excepted, let all our SubjecT^ how faulty Ibeyer, rely upon the Word of a King, TOST SCRIPT. 339 King, folemnly given by this prefent De- claration, That no Crime whatfoever com- mitted againft us, or our Royal Father, be- fore the Publication of this, fhall ever rife in Judgment, or be brought in Queftion, a- gainft any of them, to the leaft Endamage- ment of them, either in their Lives, Liber- ties or Eftates, or (as fa* forth as lies in our Power) fo much as to the Prejudice of their Reputations, by any Reproach, or Term of Distinction from the reft of any of our beft Subjects ; We defiring^ and ordaining, That henceforth all notes of Difcord, Separation, and Difference of Parties, be utterly abolifh- ed among all our Subjects, whom we invite and conjure to a perfect Union among them- felves, under our Protection, for the Refet- tlement of Our juft Rights and Theirs, in a free Parliament, by which, upon the Word of a King, we will be advifed. AND becaufe the Paffion and Uncharita- blenefs of the Times have produced feveral Opinions in Religion, by which Men are engaged in Parties and Animofities againft each other, which, when they fhall hereaf- ter unite in a Freedom of Converfation, will be compofed, or better underftood : We do declare a Liberty to tender Confciences, and that no Man fhall be difquieted or calFd in queftion for Differences of Opinion in Mat- ters of Religion, which do not difturb the Z 2 Peace 340 TOSTSCRIPr. Peace of the Kingdom, and that we fhall be ready to confent to fuch an Aft of Parlia- ment, as upon mature Deliberation fhall be ofFer'd to us, for the full granting that In- dulgence. AND becaufe in the continued Diftra&i- ons of fo many Years, and fo many and- great Revolutions, many Grants and Pur- chafes of Eftates have been made to and by many Officers, Soldiers, and others, who are now poilefTed of the fame, and who may be liable to Actions at Law upon leveral Ti- tles ; We are likewife willing that all fuch Differences, and all Things relating to the faid Grants, Sales, and Purchafes, fhall be determined in Parliament, which can beft provide for the juft Satisfaction of all Men who are concerned. AND We do farther declare,that we will be ready to confent to any Aft or Afts of ^Parliament to the Purpofes aforefeid ; and for the full Satisfaction of all Arrears due to the Officers and Soldiers of the Army un- der the Command of General Monck, and that they fhall be received into Our Service, upon as good Pay and Conditions as they now enjoy. Given tinder Our Sign Manual and Trivy Signet^ at Our Court at Breda, this i4 r th c Dayofk\>ri\, 1660. tn the Twelfth Tear of our Reign. THIS POSTSCRITT. 341 THIS is the only Declaration dated at Breda, call'd by that Name, diftinguifh'd by that Name, and was the fame which was read in both Houfes of the Convention, up- on which that AfTembly immediately voted in the King. If the Reader can here find any Thing to fupport Dr. 25lMtet's Afler- tion, " That the King, in his De:laration a from Breda^ promis'd to confirm the Set- " tlement in Ireland", I will never believe my own Eyes any more. If the Bifhop and his Friend mean any other Declaration, when they call it by the Name of Breda., they are both very much miftaken. is all of a Piece ; in his preceding Remark he thought to impofe on our Senfes , and now he would do the fame on our Underftanding ; his next Subterfuge in behalf of his Friend is fo fur- prizingly weak and childifh, that I am ai- med afharrul to anfwer it. In order to make Dr, J3umet continent with himfelf, when in his Preface to Bifhop Bedel's Life he ex- tols the Scotch Bifhops at that Time to the Skies, and afterwards, in his laft Hiftory, fo grofly abufes the very fame Men, though he fpeaks all along in the Plural Number, calls them " an Angelical Rank of Men", and that he " faw fuch Things in them", it ill again in the Plural Number, though the Z 3 Word 34^. TO Si SCRIPT. Word Rank in the Senfe that it is ufed, with- out any other addition of Plurality, is al- ways a nomen multitudinis,, this' Writer would have you believe that he meant only Bifhop Leijrbton : If this is allow'd, there is no fuch Thing as Grammar. W E are now come to his laft Obje&ion againft us, in which, if pofTible, he is more extravagant than before. We have charg r d Dr. Utnet with alTerting a Falfhood in regard to the Religion of Hubert, who wa's hang'd for firing of London ; this | Man the Dofior affirms to have been a Papift, not- withftanding it was notorioufly known to all his Countrymen here, as well as the whole Town of Rouen in Normandy, that he was born and bred a Proteftanr, liv'd a Proteftant, own'd himfelf a Proteftant in .his Examination, as well as at his Execution, if a Mfcn who was downright diftracled may be laid to be of one Religion more than another. In contradiction to this, ^ttfttt- tttCU0, to bring off Dr. ffittVtttt, quotes the State Tracls in thefe Words, " It is obferva- " ble that this miferable Creature, who :t confefled hirnfelf to the Committee to be " a Proteftant, was a Papift, S>r". Such, he fays, was the Report of the Committee to the Houfe. 0;tftatmtCU0 has been pleafed to ask a Queftion upon this Occafion, " How " thofe Frenchmen could prove his dying a Pro- POSTSCRIPT. 345 " Proteftant" ? I anfwer, becaufe the Man own'd himfelf to be fo at his Death ; no bo- dy can prove the Religion of another by any other Evidence. In return I muft ask this Gentleman the fame Queftion, How that Committee knew him to be a Papift, when he ownM himfelf to be a Proteftant ? Was there any Evidence produced that ever he had been feen at Mafs, or that the Man had ever own'd himfelf of the Romiili Re- ligion ? Without fome fuch Information, they muft have had the Gift and Faculty of entring into the fecret Thoughts of Man. But let their Omnipotence be equal to their Omnifcience, they could not make the. fame Perfon be in two Places at the fatne Time ; for by the Oath of Lawrence Teterfon, the Mafter of the Veflel who brought Hubert to England at this Time, he was ftill on board, and did not fet his Foot on Englzjb Ground till two Days after the Fire began^ and conlequently could not be the tirft In- cendiary in ^Pudding Lane^ notwithftand- ing he was fo very mad as to own it : This Atteftation of the Mafter being allow'd, which we have no Reafon to queftipn, the poor diftrated Frenchman muft have been innocent ; and then the Religion of the Man will be of no Conlequence, bur to fhew the Malice of Dr. 5&UHiet and his Champion. Z 4 UPON 344 "POSTSCRIPT. UPON this Story of the Fire he conti- nues to juftify the Bifhop in his Account of Grant^ flopping the Cocks at IJlington ; and though I have prov'd, that it could not be done without an Order of the Board, of which Minutes are always taken, as alfo, that Grant was not at that Time a Member of the Company, however, he infifts upon the Probability of the Thing by this trifling Infmuation, that he was to be one foon, and as he was a Projector, might make Improve- ments in their Works, and fo gain Admit- tance : All this is lefs probable, if what I have been told by fome old Men is true, that at the Time of the great Fire, that low- er Part of the Town near the River was not fupply'd with Water from Iflitigton, but from the Neighbouring Mill on the Bridge, which being accidentally out of Order at that Time, occafion'd the want of Water ; but whether that was fo or no is not worth while to difpute : The Story itfelf is fo ve- ry filly, that as nothing but Ignorance, as well as Malice, could invent it ; fo any Man muft have an equal fhare of Weak- nefs to believe it ; for fuppofing Grant^ who had the Reputation of an honeil Man, could have been fo wicked, as well as filly, to form fo abfurd a Project ; can any Man conceive, that in fuch an Exigence and Calamity, when the Capital City was all in POSTSCRIPT. 34.5 in Flames, that" they would have made the leaft Scruple, to have broke open any Door, Main, Lock or Sluice, which might have been done in fix Minutes as well as in fix hundred ? A s to the ill breeding with which he taxes me, in calling the Countefs of Claren- don an old Woman ; all that I {hall anfwer is, that what would not be polite at a Tea- Table, may be allow'd to the Gravity as well as the Necefllty of telling Truth in Hi- ftory. But when he fays, that I took her for her Husband's Mother ; I muft tell him, that the Miftake lies at his Door, I had no fuch Thought, having the Honour to know that Family much better than 23tttamUCU$: My Lord Clarendons Mother, who was Daughter to Sir Thomas Aylesbury,> muft have been old enough to have been proba- bly dead at the Time of the Fire : The Lady, that I meant, was my Lord Claren- doifs fecond Wife ; (he had been twice a Widow, tirft Bi/hop., and then Backhoufe, before ihe marry'd my Lord Clarendon, to whom Ihe was too Old to bring any Chil- dren : and by fome Accounts in Dr. 26ttt- ttt, his Converfation with that Lady was after the Revolution, at which Time (he could not be a young Woman : But if I have committed any Indecorum on this Oc- cafion, POSTSCRIPT. cafion, my Crime will be a little extenuated by this Confideration, that the Lady was dead, when I put her under that terrible Denomination of an old Woman, and con- fequently fuch a Scandal could not fpoil her fourth Marriage. He charges the fame ill breeding on me in Relation to the Bifhop of Worcejler^ for no other Reafon, that I can imagine, but my calling him good old Prophet. When a Man once arrives to that warmth of Imagination as to dabble in the Revelations j and from thence predict the Downfal of the Pope, under the Notion of Antichrift, and Whore of Babylon ; as this fort of Light moft commonly enters in at fome crack in the Scull, the Title of Pro- phet given to fuch a Perfon will not be thought the fevereft Appellation : In all o- ther Refpe&s, that Reverend Prelate is o- blig'd to my Charity, in afcribing to his Weaknefs and Credulity, what a feverer Writer, who had known the Man, would have imputed to his Infmceriuy and Malice. I have at leaft this to fay in my Juftifica- tion, that the Perfons whom he charges me with perfonally ill treating, though I have kept within the bounds of Decency and good Language, were three popular Divines, who in the Reign of CHARLES the fecond kept warm the Sedition, and at a certain juncture did more Mifchief than any POSTSCRIPT. 347 any number of Men \yhatfoever, not only by their own fruitful Invu.cions, but in fupporting, by their CreJ.I? a i:h the Peo- ple, fome of the greateft Extravagancies in that epidemical Del u [ion, which has done no great Honour to the Englijb Nation. THUS we have gone over the Obfer- vations of this Critick, who has certainly one Advantage in not being known : A Man without a Name is no body ; he may fay what he pieaies, without any ill Con- fequence to himfelf; whatever he aflerts, though never fo falfe, when dete&ed, can- not hurt his perfonal Reputation : But it is no generous way of Fighting ; he wounds in the Dark, and ought to be liable to the Statute of Stabbing ; at lead the lare Ad againlt Blacks makes him more criminal, in hiding his Face when he goes about to do Mifchief. When next, according to the Cuftom of the Journalifts, ^ tf titatltlfCIIff writes a Letter to himfelf, if he will be fo generous as to pull off his Mask, and fet his Name, we (hall be able to judge, whe- ther or no he has exceeded the Sphere of his own Function, in thus meddling with Politicks, as well as his Friend Dr. 2Bl1t- tT0t. Some, who pretend to know this mighty Author, have affirm'd, that he was a kind of Pupil to that noble Prelate, and lay 348 POSTSCRIPT. lay at the Feet of that great Gamaliel : If fb, with the Felicity of the famous Raphael del ^Drbm^ the Scholar has infinitely tran- fcended his Mafter. ERRATA P8s. 1. 1. for is r. are, p. 92.!. 9 for Carty r. party, p. 2:9. 1. 20. after the Word perjuries dele "the marginal Marks, p. 218. s. 12. tor Natue r. Nature, p. 233. 1. 17. for diametically r. diametrically. p254 1. 15. for difcent r. diflent. p. 262. 1. 14. for jfoiwz r. drf ^omn. p. 264. 1. 7. after the Word indulged dele in. p. 278. I. 21. for induced z. indued, p. iSo. 12. for jbq/tw r. Hq/fe. p. 289- 1. 22. after the Word hfides, put a Comma, p. 293. 1. 17. tor oiwz'd r. ow'd. p. 305. 1. 9. after the Word brought r. about, p. 306. 1. 26. after the Word be fide dele the 'Comma, p. ibid 1. 29. for ww^r r. w Precifenefs. Barnevelt perfuades the States /o n 5 26 Brill, 27 Both- INDEX. Page BothwellV Confpiracy. 33 Buchanan. 3 Butler, famous Quack. 22 25iltnet, (Gilbert) his Age. 49 Bravery of the ancient Scots. 57 Bijhop of Sarum no Friend to the Conftitution in Church and State. 6^ Borel, Dutch Ambajfador. 66 Bath, (Earl) abused. 8p Bartholomew-/)^, on which was the Majfacre of Paris. 113 Brunker (Lord.) 143 Bergen in Norway. 144 Buckingham, (Duke) his Propofalto the King, 167 Bedlow, Evidence. 208 Berry declared himfelf a Proteftant. 210 Barillon, French Embajfador. 277 Bethel, Sherif. 221 His brutal Anfwer to Lord Stafford. 222 2Bntannictt& 3 1 9 CHARLES I. 39 Defended. 40 His Behaviour at his Death. 54 Covenanters their Hyfocrify. 44 Cavaliers reflected on. 61 CtomttJtU difputes with the Scotch CommiJJioners. 51 . . Builds Forts at Leith, Air, and Invernels. 56 Favoured by the Author. 65 How formidable. 66 Cavaliers INDEX. Page Cavaliers in Scotland, their Courage traduced by the Author. 91 Cavaliers in England fuffeSd to ft woe. 104 Conference at the Savoy. 112 Cfllttt) Regicide. pj CHARLES II. bis Character. 85 Defended. 170 Compared to Auguftus. 395 His Death. 279 CLARENDON, (Earl) 103 Clarendon, (Countefs.) 147 CLERGY abused. n<> COMPTON, (Dr.) bis Character. 200 Coufins, (Bijhop.) up Crook, (Judge.) 186 Coventry, (Secretary.) 303 Conventicle in the Field at Glafgow. 215 Conde, (Prince.) 161 Corniih, (Sherif.) 221 D Douglafs, (James) 34 Drumond. 52 Drunkennefs no new Vice in England at the RESTO- RATION. 80 Dunkerk, Debate about its Surrender. 106 Declaration from Breda. 108 Duke not beloved by the King. 129 Dutch PTar^ no vifible Caufe for it. 130 Deportment of the Scotch Bifoops cenfufd. 138 Dicvelt, Embaffadour from Holland. 179 Durham, Bijhoprick Jlighted by the Author. 191 Danby, (Earl.) 202 Dugdale, Evidence. 208 Dolben, INDEX. Page Dolben, (Bijhop) his Character. 275 Dangerfield whi/d. 302 Epifcopacy reflored in Scotland. 14 Enthufiafm why languid. 71 "EfK&v Ba