University of California College of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station Berkeley, California SEASONAL IABCR NE7.DS FOR CALIFORNIA CROPS SUTTER COUNTY Progress Report No. 51 by R. L . Adams Preliminary — Subject to Correction December, 1936 Contribution from the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics Mimeographed Report No. 53 » 1 (Farm Labor Survey — July- Dec ember, 1936) Progress Report No. 51 Seasonal Labor Needs for California Crops Sutter County Scope of Presentation. — Tho following considerations govern the presentation of this progress report: 1. The data are confined to the area indicated above. 2. The data are confined solely to crops, livestock needs being ignored. 3. The findings apply only to occasional or seasonal labor requirements as distinguished from labor contributed by farm operators an^. by workers employed on a year-round or regular basis of employment. 4. Attention is concentrated upon workers required for hand tasks — planting, thinning, weeding, hoeing, and harvesting — without including teamsters, tractor drivers, irrigators, and shed packers of vegetables or fruits. 5. The presentation includes the so-called migratory, transient, or roving workers which comprise an important source of help needed in connection with certain tasks and at "peak" times which seasonally arise in connection with many field, truck, and fruit crops commercially produced in California. 6. This report is confined to California's need for seasonal agricultural workers because of the more pressing problems liable to arise in connection there- with. A later study is planned which will deal with other kinds of labor involved in the production of California's many crops. Brief Description of the Area . — Sutter County is located in central Calif- ornia in the southern half of the Sacramento Valley. It includes a rectangular area of about 40 miles in length from north to south and 15 miles in width and is surrounded by 6 other Sacramento Valley counties; its northern boundary is a straight line running east and west separating it from Butte County, while Colusa and Yolo counties bound it on the west, Yuba and Placer on the east, and Sacramento on the south. There are two distinct farming areas within the county. One is an area rang- ing from 3 to 5 miles wide, located between the by-pass and the eastern county line. It extends the length of the county and consists mainly of level valley-floor land. Peaches and prunes are the two important crops of this district. The second farming area, the "Meridian," is located on the west side of the by-pass just east of the Sacramento River. It is several miles in width and extends about 15 miles along the eastern side of the river. This area is devoted to sugar beets, grain, and extensive truck farming such as seed peas and other types of vegetable seed growing. The county covers an area of 608 square miles or 389,120 acres. About two- thirds of the area is classified as available crop land by the United States Census of 1935. Further classification is as follows: 2. Acreage Crop land harvested Crop failure Crop land idle or fallow Plowable pasture Total land available for crops 199,502 1,663 45,254 27,169 273,588 Crops, Acreages, and Production . — The basis used in calculating occasional or seasonal need for labor, other than that furnished by farm operators and regularly employed workers, appears as table 1. Due to lack of assembled data, the figures in this table have been obtained from various sources, and while believed to be fairly representative of the year 1935, are probably not accurate in all details. Assistance in compiling this table was given by Mr. R. H. Klamt, Farm Advisor, and Mr. To D. Urbahns, Agricultural Commissioner of Sutter County, and various other persons . TABLE 1 Basis for Calculating Seasonal Labor Requirements Sutter County v_/I*OpS Production Field crops:- Alfalfa' 7,332 33,234 tons Beans 25,000 250,000 cwt. Corn — for grain t 84 2,853 bushels Grain -- barlev V 66, 798 787.101 cwt. oats 3,075 21,025 cwt. wheat 42,983 4-56,078 cwt. Hay — other than alfalfa 7,398 9,523 tons ± Hops 382 2,060 bales of 190 pounds net' — dry weight Potatoes — Irish t 47 4,981 bushels Rice 12,150 440,556 cwt. Seed peas 4,000 Sorghums — for grain 1,246 19,898 cwt. Sugar beets 4,934 64,650 tons Vegetable crops : Asparagus 932 2,609,600 pounds Cantaloupes t 50 Tomatoes — canning 650 5,200 tons 6 Fruit and nut crops: Almonds 2,725 500 tons Apples 122 450 tons Apricots 103 500 tons (fresh weight) dried T Cherries 562 '180 tons shipped (220 tons barrelled Chestnuts 1" 4 Figs t 68 Grapes 2,726 350 tons raisins in 1935 t Jujubes i 1.5 Table continued on next page. 3. Table 1 continued. Crops acreage Production Ms n *h r\ r i n p *z 95 240 tons shipped Olives 66 (57 tons for canning (17 tons not for canning Pfi n Vi p ^ — — c*~\ i , nn*'=!'hnTiP^; 13,328 (114,000 tons canned (3,100 tons (fresh weight) dried (180 tons shipped f XI O O *j KJLL\~/ 451 (80 tons canned (2,670 tons (fresh weight) dried Tears 459 (250 tons canned (1,450 tons shipped (50 tons (fresh weight) dried ^ Pecans f 2 Persimmons t 41 4 carloads Plums 431 95 tons canned (L,320 tons shipped Prunes 7,209 (12,500 tons (dry weight) J* Walnuts 1,051 470 tons Drita on field crops based JttUpgely on 1935 Census. "f Use of seasonal labor on these crops inconsequential and hence ignored. ^Drying ratios used in this report are as follows: Apricots 5 to 1 Or apes 3 l/2 to 1 Hops 4 to 1 Peaches — clingstones 7 to 1 Peaches — freestones 6 to 1 Fears 5 to 1 Prunes 2 l/2 to 1 Acreages in fruit and nut crops are from Mr. T. D. Urbahns , Agricultural Commissioner, and do not include non-bearing acreage. Operations Requiring Seasonal Labor and Times of Need .— Farm operations requiring the use of seasonal or occasional labor for the "Various crops raised in Sutter County are indicated in table 2. This tabulation does not include the employing of shed workers needed to wash, pack, and prepare various commodities for shipping and marketing. 4. TABLE 2 Operations Requiring Use of Seasonal Labor and Times of Needs by Crops Sutter County- Crop Operation Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal help Output per man- day Field crops: Alfalfa ~ 6 cuttings Beans Grain — mostly barley and wheat Mowing — with power mowers Raking Baling (by pick-up) — 90 per cent of crop Hoeing (l time) — 25 per cent of acreage Windrowing (by hand) — 50 per cent of acreage Picking up after raking — 50 per cent of acreage Threshing — with pick-up harvester Harvesting — with combine May mm all of acreage Juno all of acreage July mm all of acreage August — all of acreage September — all of acreage October — all of acreage May ~ 1/6 of job June -- 1/6 of job July — l/6 of job August — l/6 of job September — l/6 of job October — l/6 of job June — 25 per cent of job July — 25 per cent of job August — 50 per cent of job August 15-31 — 5 per cent of job September 1-30 — 20 per cent of job October 1-31 — 75 per cent of job August 15-51 — 5 per cent of job September 1-50 — 20 per cent of job October 1-31 — 75 per cent of job „ August 20-31 — 2 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 14 per cent of crop October 1-31 — 70 per cent of crop November 1-15 — 14 per cent of crop June 1-30 - acreage July 1-31 - acreage 50 per cent of - 50 per cent of ( 50 100 100 100 100 50 25 acres 16 acres 7 tons 3 acres 2 acres 10 acres 80 cwt. = 5 acres o acres Table continued on next page. t I 5. Table 2 continued. wUCI J. U J.U11 Timp of Tififid bv ^nonthF! J. _L liLv, L< X llv ./ vX O V All 1 —' XX V 1. XO Hav — — other than al f al fa Mowi tip* i V X XXp. Mav 1—31 — — all of acreage xvxcx y X- *— ' x. kx . l x w x tx v x v '-x pi v Rakinf? May 1-31 all of acreage Shocking May 1-31 — all of acreage Hops Pruning and March 1-31 — 50 per cent of stringing job April 1-30 — 50 per cent of job Training May 7-31 — 2 times June 1-15 — 1 time Picking August 10-31 — 2/3 of crop September 1-10 — 1/3 of crop Drying August 10-31 — 2/3 of crop September 1-10 — l/o of crop R tt "1 1 T1 0* UallJ.lt Sp-nH-nrn'hpy 10-30 all nf cro p Ri ce Push headinp* September 15-30 — 25 npr f ^ V) "(~ H f OPV'po P'P UOUO Ul dul " CS. fc~C- Swathing October 1—31 — — 75 ner cpnt of nor^ap'o Threshing mm September 23-30 — 15 per VJ"i"f"V, *ni cV-nn VVJ.LfJ.1 Ul v-xV— U IJ ripvif nf £1 pvpq p-p uOll u VJ 1 tx V x f > ,OTn"h"l rip V Villi-/ J. HO Or-tober 1-31 ~ 70 npr o e n t oP snTpafP November 1—7 — - 15 per cent of acreasre Sorchums — — for grain Cutting heads September 1-30 -- 20 Der *w» V w Xi XkV w X -J- V V * ^ v ky X (by hand) — — cent of iob V w xx V/ W X. 1 vy W .SO DP T* 0^X14" VI, LiUyol 1 — Ol UO X V't/xJ.O o T n cvppi p~p> o P *inh v* x. J u u . ^ j. J. v O 1 1 X 11 p. Rpn'hpTn'hpr 1 .S— t S0 — — 10 npf LJ UkVXlLUC' 1 1W™ Cv/ 1 w UOl fbv Rt; at; i nnprv *_ k/ v v cx v x* w x j • -l y ^ r» p n*h of* *l ob — 50 Dercent Ootobor 1—31 — 90 dpt ORTit oP of on v X w X V-h* k/ of job Cutting (with October 1—31 — — 80 per cent \* KJILL U lllO y — ™ r»f inh 50 per cent Novembpr 1—15 — — 20 ner Ul ClL-I Oti^jO OfcJIlO UJ. J u u Sugar beets Thinning March 1—31 — — 16 per cent of acreage April 1-30 mm 66 per cent of acreage May 1-31 — 18 per cent of acreage Per cent of v»'ork done by seasonal help Output per man- day } i } J 50 100 100 100 75 60 > 50 > 50 100 > 50 50 > 100 8 acres 15 acres 30 acres Total of 6 man-days per acre Total of 6 man- days per acre for season 200 pounds (green weight) 4,000 pounds (g;reen weight) 15 bales of 190 pounds (dry weight) 13 acres 125 art, 3 acres 0.75 acre 13,000 nounds 5 acres 0.5 acre Table continued on next page. ] ■ ■- t < "I £. Table 2 continued. Crop Sugar beets (cont.) Vegetable crops : Asparagus Tomatoes Operation Hoeing — first time second time Topping and loading Cutting Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal help April 1-30 — all of acreage May 1-31 — all of acreage July 7-31 — 10 per cent of crop August 1-31 — 40 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 26 per cent of crop October 1-31 — 24 per cent of crop 100 > 100 / 1 March 1-31 — all of acreage April 1-30 — all of acreage May 1-30 — all of acreage June 1-30 — all of acreage > 100 varies - average 450 pounds requires 1 man continu ously on each 10 acres Washing, trim- April 10-30 ming 5 and May 1-31 \ 100 1 ton — 1 putting in Juno 1-30 man to each lugs for 50 acres cannery Packing for shipment not classed as field labor — hence omitted. Output per man-days 1 acre 2 acres 5 tons Transplanting February 15-28 — 50 per in beds cent of plants March 1-15 — 50 per cent of plants Planting by April 15-30 — 50 per hand — 50 cent of job per cent of May 1-15 — 50 per cent acreage of job Planting by April 15-30 ma o nine — May 1-15 50 per cent of acreage Replanting — May 1-30 10 per cent of plants Hoeing — 2 May 20-31 — 25 per cent times of job June 1-30 — 75 per cent of job j 80 • 100 1 ► 100 100 1 100 J 5,000 p]ants 0.75 acre 2.0 acres 4.0 acres 1.0 acre Tabic continued on next page. 7. Table 2 continued, Crop Tomatoes (cont.) Fruit and nut crops: Almonds Apricots Cherries Apples Grapes Olivet Operation Picking for canning Knocking Hulling Picking Cutting for drying Other dry -yard labor Picking for shipping Picking for barrelling Picking Picking Picking for pickling Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal help August 15-31 ■ — 20 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 40 per cent of crop October 1-31 — 40 per cent of crop August 1-31 — 30 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 70 per cent of crop August 1-31 — 30 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 70 per cent of crop June 5-30 — 80 per cent of crop July 1-5 — 20 per cent of crop June 5-30 -- 80 per cent of job July 1-5 — 20 per cent of job June 5-30 — 75 per cent of job July 1-10 — 25 per cent of job May 1-31 — 75 per cent of shipment June 1-10 — 25 per cent of shipment May 15-31 — 60 per cent of job June 1-10 — 40 per cent of job June 15-30 — 50 per cent of crop July 1-15 — 50 per cent of crop September 1-30 — all of crop October 1-31 ~ 50 per cent of job November 1-30 — 50 per cent of job J ] } 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 Output per man- day 2,000 pounds 150 pounds 400 pounds 1,200 pounds 1,000 pounds 11 hours per fresh ton* 100 pounds 200 pounds 1,500 pounds 1 1/4 tons (fresh weight) 200 pounds Table continued on ne xt page. > • 8. Table 2 continued. Crop Operation Time of need by months Ter cent of work done by seasonal help Output per man-day Olives (cont.) Peaches — clingstones freestones (including nectarines) Picking for oil Pruning Brush burning Spraying Thinning clingstones Picking and grading — clingstones Cutting for drying — clingstones Other dry-yard work Thinning — freestones and nectarines December — 1/3 of job January — 1/3 of job February — 1/3 of job November 1-30 — 25 per cent cf acreage December 1-31 — 25 per cent of acreage January 1-31 — 25 per cent of acreage February 1-28 — 25 per cent of acreage November 1-30 — 25 per cent of acreage December 1-31 — 25 per cent of acreage January 1-31 — 25 per cent of acreage February 1-28 — 25 per cent of acreage November — l/2 of acreage December — 1/2 of acreage February — l/2 of acreage March — l/2 of acreage May 1-31 — all of acreage April 25-30 — 5 per cent of acreage May 1-31 — 85 per cent of acreage June 1-30 — 10 per cent of acreage July 15-31 — 1 per cent of crop August 1-31 — 62 per cent of crop September 1-15 cent of crop August 1-31 — 37 per 70 per cent ~ 30 per of job September 1-15 cent of job August 1-31 — 60 per cent of job September 1-25 -- 40 per cent of job April 25-30 — 5 per cent of job May 1-31 — 95 per cent of job 90 > 80 > 50 > 75 > 100 > 100 100 100 100 400 pounds ".25 acre 2.5 acres 1.25 acres 0.17 acre 2,000 pounds 1,000 pounds 11 1/2 hours per fresh ton* 0.17 acre Table continued on next page. ... i \ i i i 9. Table 2 continued. Crop Operation Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal help Output per man-day Peaches ( cont . ) Pears Plums Picking — nectarines Picking — freestones Gutting for drying — freestones Other dry-yard labor Fruning Brush burning Picking Cutting for drying Other dry-yard work Pruning — 60 per cent of acreage July 1-20 — all of crop July 20-31 — 25 per cent ~| of crop I August 1-31 — 75 per cent f of crop July 20-31 — 25 per cent of| job August 1-31 — l 75 per cent of job July 20-31 t- 25 per cent of job August 1-31 — 75 per cent of job November — 25 per cent of acreage December — 25 per cent of acreage January — 25 per cent of acreage February — 25 per cent of acreage November — 25 per cent of acreage December — 25 per cent of acreage January — 25 per cent of acreage February — 25 per cent of acreage July 1-31 — 50 per cent of crop August 1-25 — 50 per cent of crop July 10-31 — 40 per cent of job August 1-31 — 60 per cent of job July 10-31 ~ 30 per cent of job August 1-31 — 60 per cent of job September 1-15 — 10 per cent of job November — 25 per cent of acreage December ~ 25 per cent of acreage January — 25 per cent of acreage February — 25 per cent of acreage 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 30 1,000 pounds 2,000 pounds 1,500 pounds XI 1/2 hours per fresh ton* 0.1 acre 80 > 50 J i } 100 80 80 \ 100 Output per man-day 2 .5 acres 0.17 acre 800 pounds 2,000 pounds 0.5 acre 2.5 acres 1 ton 6 man-hours per fresh ton j 8.3 nan- hcurs per fresh ton* 200 potmdfi continued on next page. - — ••• 11. Table 2 continued. Crop Operation Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal help Output per man-day Walnuts (cont. ) Hulling — by machine, by regular help. * From Christie, A. W. and L. C. Barnard. The principles and practice of sun-drying fruit. California Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 388:40-60. 1925. t~ From Christie, A. W. , revised by P. F. Nichols. The dehydration of prunes. California Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 404:7. 1929. Findings of Seasonal Labor Meeds *-- Details and summaries of seasonal labor requirements of Sutter County agriculture are presented as table 3. The "size of task" are figures drawn from table 1, in terms of either acreage or output in tons, crates, boxes, or whatever unit is commonly used. The "output per man-day" js an average figure for the entire acreage or output figured in crates, hampers, boxes, or other units as indicated in the table. If the work is of a nature that requires a crew, different members of which perform different tasks, then the average shown is per man based on the entire crew. Length of day is 9 hours, November to Feb- ruary; 10 hours, March to October, unless otherwise stated. Vfide variations in output occur between farm and farm, field and field, and season and season, because of differences in soil types, climatic conditions, weeds, yields, and other factors influencing the amount of work that a laborer can perform in a given day. More- over, the basis of output is a mature, experienced male worker without reference to use of women, children, and more or less inexperienced help that is sometimes used in connection with certain of the tasks requiring use of seasonal workers. The column headed "available days" reflects (a) limitations' set from the period within which the work must be performed because of the nature of the task, such aS trans- planting, thinning, weeding, and cutting, and (b) available days as determined by weather conditions, inclement weather reducing the number of days v/hen a required task can be performed. The "required number of individuals" is given in terms of workers as noted above in connection with "output per man-day." It is probable that the estimated number of workers required, as recorded in table 3, will often be too low, for the reason that "peaks" frequently occur, dur- ing which an unusually large proportion of the job is done in a very short period. This would naturally require a much greater number of workers than when the work is spread over a longer period, even though the total amount of labor (in man-days) remains the same. TABLE 2 Seasonal Labor Needs — Sutter County — by Months and Tasks r i Required Available Required number of Month Crop and task Size of task Output per man- day man- days days workers* January Olives: Picking for oil Peaches -- clingstones, 5 tons T 400 pounds 25 18 2 freestones, and nectarines: Pruning 2,775 acrest 0.25 acre 11,100 18 617 Brush burning 1,166 acrest 2.5 acres 666 18 37 Pears: Pruning 115 acres 0.1 acre 1,150 18 64 Brush burning 115 acres 2.5 acres 46 18 3 Plums: Pruning 52 acres 0.2 acre 260 18 15 Brush disposal 32 acres 2.5 acres 13 18 1 Prunes: Pruning 360 acresf" 0.5 acre 720 18 40 Brush disposal Totals 225 acres-/" 2.5 acres 90 18 5 14,070 18 782 man-months February Tomatoes: Transplanting in beds * 360,000 plants 5,000 plants 72 8 9 (Feb. 15-28) Olives: Picking for oil 5 tons -f" 400 pounds 25 19 2 Peaches — clingstones, freestones, and nectarines: Pruning 2,775 acresf 0.25 acre 11,100 19 585 Brush burning 1,166 acresf 2.5 acres 667 19 35 Spraying Pears: Pruning 5,203 acres-/" 115 acres 1.25 acres 0.1 acre 4,163 1,150 19 19 220 61 Brush burning 115 acres 0.5 acre 46 19 3 Plums: Pruning 52 acres 0.2 acre 260 19 14 Brush disposal 32 acres 2.5 acres 13 19 1 Prunes: Pruning 360 acres 0.5 acre 720 19 38 Brush disposal Totals 225 acres 2.5 acres 90 19 5 18.306 19 964 man-months March Hops: Pruning and stringing 191 acres 0.17 acre 1,124 21 54 Sugar beets: Thinning 790 acres 0.5 acre 1,580 21 76 Asparagus: Cutting 932 acres 2,890 31 94 Table continued on next page. Table 3 continued, Month March ( cont . ) April May Crop and task Tomatoes: Transplanting in beds Peaches — clingstones, free- stones, and nectarines: Spraying Totals Hops: Pruning and stringing Sugar beets: Thinning Hoeing Asparagus: Cutting Washing, trimming, putting in lugs Tomatoes: Planting by hand Planting by machine Peaches — clingstones: Thinning Freestones and nectarines: Thinning Plums: Thinning Totals Alfalfa: Mowing (with power mowers) Raking Baling (by pick-up) Hay — other than alfalfa: Mowing Raking Shocking Hops: Training — two times Sugar beets: Thinning Hoeing — second time Asparagus: Cutting Washing, trimming, and putt in lugs Sise of task ft 360,000 plants 5,202 across f 191 acres 3,255 acres 4,934 acres 932 acres 932 acres 153 acres 162 acres 666 acres 27 acres 76 acres mg 3,666 acres'^ 3,666 acrest 4,985 tons 3,699 acrest" 3,599 acrest 3,699 acres-f 382 acres 888 acres 4,934 ».cres 932 acres 932 acres Output per man-day 5,000 plants 0.17 acre 0.5 acre 1.0 acre 4 0.75 acre 2.0 acres 0.17 acre 0.17 acre 0.17 acre 25.0 acres 16.0 acres 7.0 tons 8.0 acres 16.0 acres 30.0 acres 0.25 acre C.5 acre 2.0 acres Required man— day § 72 4.152 1,124 6,512 4,934 2,796 373 218 81 3,918 159 447 20.562 147 230 713 463 232 124 1,528 1,776 2,467 2,890 578 Available days 10 22 22 22 30 20 11 11 4 11 22 24 24 24 24 24 24 19 24 24 31 31 R&quirod number of workers* 8 (Mar. 1-15) 199 468 man-months 52 296 225 94 19 (Apr. -10-30) 20 (Apr. 15-30) 8 (Apr. 15-30) 980 (Apr. 25-30) 40 (Apr. 25-30) 41 (Apr. 15-30) 9o5 man-months 7 10 30 20 10 6 81 74 103 94 19 (May 7-31) Table continued on next page, Table 3 continued. Required Available Required number of Month Crop and task Size of task Output per man-day man-days days WO 2 -ksrs* May Tomatoes: Planting by hand 162 acres 0.75 acre 216 12 18 (May 1-15) (cont . ) Planting by machine Replanting — 10 per cent 163 acres 2.0 acres 82 12 7 (May 1-15) of plants 650 acres 4.0 acres 163 24 7 Hoeing — two times 162 acres 1 .0 acre 162 8 21 (May 20-31) Cherries: Picking for shipping 135 tons 100 pounds 2,700 24 113 Picking for barrelling 132 tons 200 pounds 1 , 320 12 110 (May 15-31) Peaches -- clingstones, free- stones, and nectarines: Spraying 10,405 acres/ 1 .25 acres 8 ,324 24 347 Clingstones: Thinning 11,329 acres 0.17 acre 66 ,641 24 2,777 Freestones and nectarines: Thinning 5?!. =•:•..•••, . : — r — !• ■■■ 1 I >. f: -• : S i \ i I m Table 3 continued. - - Requi red Available j Required number of Month Crop and task 1 Size of te.sk Output per man-day man -days davs workers* Or* + nV> pr R i cf> * Push he a diner and 4,556 acresf" 13*0" acres 351 24 15 Threshins (with Dick-UD combine) 4,253 acresf" 3.0 acres 1,418 24 60 Sorehums — for erain: Cuttine heads (bv hand) 498 acres 0.75 acre 664 24 28 Threshing (stationary) 4,477 cwt.'T 130.0 cwt. 35 24 2 Cutting (with combine) 250 acres -f 5.0 acres 50 24 3 Rl](rfty> haptt?' Tnnni Off anH O W £ . O. I L^CCUO* 1 W | 1 U lllti CXI 1 U luaul Jl r < "IS ST f; tr>n<3 S O + ft Kl e; O , J.UJ i ^o Tomatoes: Picking for canning 2,080 tons 1.0 ton 2 ,080 24 87 Olives: Picking for pickling 26 tons f* 200 pounds 260 24 11 Walnuts: Knocking and picking UD 352 tons 200 pounds 3, 520 24 147 Totals 19 .291 24 804. ma n-mnnt he; November Beans: Threshing (with pick- up harvester) 17 , 500 cwt . ' 80 .0 cwt . 219 11 20 ( Nov 1-15) Rice: Threshing (with pick— up 912 acres f" combine ) 3.0 acres 304 5 61 (Nov 1-7) Sorghums — for grain: Cutting ^vith combine) 63 acres/" 5.0 acres 13 11 2 (Nov. 1-15) Olives: Picking for pickling 25 tons 200 pounds 250 23 11 Peaches — freestones, cling- stones, and nectarines: 2,775 acrest* Pruning 0.25 acre 11 ,100 23 483 Brush burning 1 , 666 acres - /" 2.5 acres 667 23 29 Spraying 5,203 acres"/" 1 .25 acres 4,163 23 1 81 Pears: Pruning 115 acres 0.1 acre 3 150 23 SO Brush burning 115 acres 2.5 acres 46 23 2 Plurrs: Prurti SP a^yppT O 'P Ar 1 r