UmivUMMi^^ ^M' mimm&M. 
 
 ^€%MT'^ 
 
 
 KwawaggsBaasgags. •_
 
 SITY OF CALIFORNl 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 Addr 
 
 ^Northwestern School Supply Company 
 
 I4th Jive, and Fourth St. S. E., Dept. Jt. 
 (Branch at 706 Hennepin Mve.) Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 When in the city do not fail to make us a call.
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 ^^ MINNESOTA 
 
 By 
 E. B.JOHNSON, '88, 
 
 Formerly Registrar, now 
 Secretary of the General Alumni Association 
 
 First Edition 
 January, 1908 
 
 Minneapolis
 
 Copyrighted, 1908.
 
 G^ 
 
 FOREWORD. 
 
 This dictionary, so far as we know, is the hrst of its liind. It 
 is hoped that it may ser\-e a useful purpose ajid tliat the demand 
 lor it may justify other editions which will be brought up to date 
 and which will contain much material which it was impossible lO 
 get into this edition. 
 
 The dictionary has been compiled from material gathered from 
 numerous sources, naturally a large p%rt of it being from Uni- 
 versity publications, official and otherwise. Great care has been 
 taken to verify every item. Doubtless, inaccuracies have crept in, 
 due to errors in the sources from which the information was drawn. 
 It will also be found that many items which might well have been 
 included, have been passed over, some through inadvertance, others 
 tlirough inability to determine the facts in the case. 
 
 Persons — ^We have endeavored to state the facts of the official 
 connection of every person connected with the University fac- 
 ulty, holding a rank of instructor, or higher rank. We have also 
 made an effort to state the main facts concerning all persons now 
 connected with the University. A second call was made upon 
 many persons, however, without securing the desired information. 
 
 Suggestions for the improvement of future editions will be 
 thankfully received by the author, who will also welcome any cor- 
 rections to the present edition. 
 
 Grateful acknowledgement is hereby made '.o Messrs. D. W. 
 Sprague, J. D. Bren and E. B. Pierce, for courtesies extended and 
 valuable aid given in the preparation of this volume. 
 
 This book is published by the author in the interests of the 
 General Alumni Association of the University of Minnesota, and 
 all profits from its sale will go into the general fund of that asso- 
 ciation. 
 January 20th, 1908. THE AUTHOR. 
 
 85368G
 
 John S. Pillsbury 
 'Father of the University."
 
 HISTORICAL. 
 
 The history of the University divides itself naturally into two 
 oarts the first being in a sense pre-historic-a history .of the 
 struggles, discouragements and disaster before any real umversity 
 work wa^ undertaken. Indeed the whole period Irom 1851 to the 
 late of the re-organization in 1868 might be wholly eliminated 
 from consideration, were it not for the fact that the forces set in 
 motion, during that period, have had their influence upon the 
 University a,s it finally took shape and developed into the great 
 and useful institution it is to-day. 
 
 The history of the period from 1851 to 1868 is given with some 
 particularity because it was completed many years ago and can 
 be definitely treated as something finished. The history of the 
 later period is given in outline, in very condensed form. 
 A Chapter of Beginnings. 
 It is one of the things, which we, the citizens of Minnesota, 
 count among our choicest blessings, and for which we are most 
 profoundlv grateful, that the early settlers of the Territory which 
 afterward became the State of Minnesota, came from that part of 
 New England where a good education is considered second only to 
 the fear of God and an honest name. This explains the fact that 
 in 1851, when the whole territory contained less than 10,000 inhabi- 
 tants, 'its citizens were already making provision for a future 
 university which should give to every young person within its 
 borders the best education to be had anywhere. While other 
 territories of the West were given up to more or less lawlessness, 
 our own wag law-abiding. Up to 1856 there had never been a 
 saloon in St. Anthony, although at that time it stood third in rank 
 among the cities of the territory. 
 
 To Colonel John W. North, more tJhan any other one man, 
 belongs the credit of starting the movement which resulted in the 
 establishment of the University. He it was that framed the act 
 which was adopted by the Legislature February 13th, 1851, as the 
 charter of the University. 
 
 Governor Ramney, in his message to the Legislature of 1851, 
 called attention to the necessity of an endowment for a univer- 
 sity, and recommended that the Legislature memorialize Congress 
 for an endowment of 100,000 acres of land. This memorial was 
 passed on the 10th of Februar>^ and on the 19th of the same month 
 Congress passed an act granting two townships (about 46,000 
 acres) "for the use and support of a university in said territory, 
 and for no other use and purpose whatever." The charter of the 
 University, previously adopted, provided that the Universifiy 
 should be located "at or near the falls of St. Anthony," and that 
 this grant should be and remain a perpetual fund, and that the 
 Interest alone should be appropriated for the support of the Uni- 
 versity. , -r • 1 4. 
 
 On the 4th of March, of the same year, the Legislature in 
 joint ses.=inn. elected a board of twelve regents. 
 
 This board met May 31st, at the St. Charles Hotel, in the village 
 of St. Anthony. , ^^ ^ ^u 
 
 On motion of William R. Marshall it was resolved that the 
 board deem it expedient to proceed at once to the erection of a 
 building, and that a subscription paper be circulated to secure
 
 jQ DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 the necessary funds for this purpose. Of the $2,500 needed for 
 thia purpose. Franklin Steel gave $'J00 and the remainder was 
 made up in smaller subscriptions. 
 
 The Doard met again on the 14th of June ajid a committee was 
 appointed to take steps toward the immediate location of the 
 lands of the congressional grant of two townships. 
 
 Offers of land were received as follows: 
 
 W. A. Cheever, Esq., offered five blocks of ten lots each (twelve 
 and one-half acres) for such purpose. 
 
 J. McAlpine, Esq., offered twenty acres near the village. 
 
 Messrs. W. S. Farnham, C. T. Stinson, R. Cunmiings and H. H. 
 Angell offered sixteen acres near town. 
 
 After a careful survey of the various locations offered, upon 
 motion of William R. Marshall, it was resolved, to accept the 
 offer of Franklin Steele, Esq., ' Deing a part of the green set apart 
 for public purposes, together with six lots in the rear." This was 
 about four acres of land, and was located between what is now 
 known as Central avenue and First avenue South Eaist, and Sec- 
 ond street and University avenue. 
 
 It was also decided to begin the erection of a building at once, 
 the maximum cost of which was to be $2,500 and the secretary 
 was instructed to advertise for competitive plains for the building. 
 The Old "Academy Building." 
 
 William R. Marshall and Isaac Atwater who were appointed a 
 committee to solicit subscriptions for the money necessary to 
 build, were successful in raising the desired amount. Before the 
 building was finished, a second subscription -was necessary. 
 
 The building was of two stories with a high basement, and was 
 thirty by fifty feet on the ground. The basement was built up 
 with stone five or six feet above the level of the ground, and 
 was reached by going down two or three steps. Above the base- 
 ment was the frame part. For years this building served as the 
 abode for the '"Preparatory Department of the University of 
 Minnesota." 
 
 At the time of the puchase of the new site, October, 1854, this 
 building was purchased of the regents by Franklin Steele, he pay- 
 ing them the full amount of its cost, by assuming the amount of 
 the indebtedness of the University to Paul R. George, incurred by 
 the purchase of the new site. 
 
 The building and land passed from under the control of the 
 regents. May 26th, 1856. From the time it passed out of the 
 regents' hands, until it was burned, in November, 1864, it was 
 used for private and public school purposes. Professor D. S. B. 
 Johnston, now a St. Paul millionaire, kept a private school in it 
 for one year, after him cajne a Mr. Taylor and others. It was 
 finally rented by the school board of St. Anthony, who fitted it 
 up and carried on an excellent school until it was burneid. 
 
 In those early days the First Congregational Church folks used 
 to hold services regularly in this building. 
 
 This school, as long as it was under the control of the Regents, 
 was taught by Mr. E. W. Merrill. 
 
 School was opened for the first time November 26th, 1851, with 
 an enrollment of about twenty. At this time only two rooms 
 were in shape to be occupied, and these two were not entirely 
 finished. Before the end of the year forty had been enrolled. 
 During the second year about eighty-five were in attendance artd 
 Professor Merrill had three assistants. 
 
 The following summer the school was discontinued, the regents 
 hoping to be atole soon to open another school under more favor-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. II 
 
 able conditions, in the new building which it was proposed to 
 erect But their hopes were destined not to be realized; and ror 
 eleven years there was only one. and that a feeble and unsuccess- 
 ful attempt to re-establish a school. 
 
 During the whole existence of this school, it was no expense 
 to the state. Private individuals paid for the building and fur- 
 nished all the apparatus that was used. All the books in its 
 horary, which was not very extensive, were contributed. Mr. 
 Merrill who taught this school, came here through; a misunder- 
 standing. He understood that he wa3 to be paid by the board, 
 while in reality he only received what he had left out of what he 
 had received from tuition, after paying all the expenses of the 
 school It was a genuine missionary effort on his part, and too 
 much credit cannot be given him for his successful prosecution 
 of the work of the school. ^ 
 
 It is very evident from the notices which appeared in the St. 
 Anthony Express" concerning tnis school that it was held in 
 h.gh estimation by the people of the Territory. It was a mis- 
 take on the part of the regents that they did not continue this 
 school for several years longer, even though a new site was 
 chosen. Its great growth and popularity and the good work that 
 it was doing was warrant enough for its continuance, at least so 
 it would seem to us now. 
 
 The New Site. 
 Scarcely a year had passed after the first site was selected, 
 •before the agitation concerning the selection of a new site was 
 begun. St. Anthony and the territory at large were growing so 
 fast that the regents saw that the time would soon come when 
 the University would need more land. In the early days, when 
 ■tthe territorial institutions were located, the prison went to Still- 
 water; the Capitol to St. Paul, and the University to St. Anthony. 
 There is an interesting story in connection with this location 
 which, unfortunately is refuted by Colonel North— the story is to 
 the effect that it was the result of a compromise in the location 
 of the State Public Institution. Since that time the territory had 
 grown so rapidly that the people from other parts were clamoring 
 for a re-distribution. St. Anthony was then in danger of losing 
 the University. 
 
 Both of these considerations, viz: the rapid growth of popula- 
 tion and the agitation concerning removal, had their influence in 
 causing the regents to purchase the new site. They wished to 
 secure the location of the University permanently in St. Anthony. 
 Another consideration wnich had its influence in hastening the 
 purchase of the present site was the fact that the property in 
 St. Anthony and vicinity was rapidly rising in value, and if a site 
 was to be secured at a reasonable price, it must be done immedi- 
 ately. 
 
 The purchase of twenty-five and one-third acres of the pres- 
 ent site, was finally consummated, October 21st, 1854. This land 
 was purchased of Paul R. George and Joshua Taylor. 
 
 For this piece of land, which is now worth — at a conservative 
 estimate — $350,000, the regents paid only $6,000. Of this amount, 
 $1,000 was paid in cash, and the regents gave their note for the 
 remainder. 
 
 Up to the time of the purchase of this land, the income of the 
 University had been nothing. The $1,000 in cash, paid for the 
 site v/as borrowed money. The legislature of 1856 (February 21st) 
 passed an act authorizing the regents to borrow $15,000 secured 
 on the site already purchased. This was ample security, so 
 cheaply had the site been purchased in the first place, and so
 
 J 2 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 rapialy had it increased in value. The regents were instructed 
 to pay for the site already purchased and erect a new building 
 with this money. 
 
 The New Building. 
 With the erection of the new building, began the trouble, which, 
 before it was finally settled, cost the University $125,000. One 
 who was a member of the board of regents at that time, after- 
 ward said: "That was our first mistake. But we had to build as 
 we did, lor public opinion demanded it." In justice to the regents 
 it must be remembered that this was in the time of the great 
 prosperity, just preceding the terrible nnancial panic of 1857-'58. 
 The regents, remembering now soon they had outgrown their 
 former quarters, resolved to build such a building as would be 
 sufficient for many years to come. 
 
 And so far as human wisdom could foresee they were abund- 
 antly justified in their judgment. And w^ho could possibly fore- 
 see the rude awakening from the dreams of prosperity which tne 
 hard times of the next year would surely bring about. 
 
 Then came the deluge. The notes for stumpage were tto be 
 paid when the logs were floated to market and sold. Most of the 
 University stumpage had been sold along the Rum river. In 1857 
 the Rum river dried up and so no money could be realized from 
 stumpage, for a time at least. 
 
 The campus, on account of the hard times, did not increase 
 in value as it had been expected that -it would, and so no money 
 could be realized by incumbering it. Interest began to count up, 
 and the regents could not raise the money to meet even the inter- 
 est on their debts. 
 
 The legislature of 1858 (March 8th) came to the rescue with 
 an act authorizing the regents to issue $40,000 in bonds, secured 
 by certain lands (.21,000 acres in the counties of Pine, Mille Lacs 
 and Sherburne) of the congressional grant. 
 
 Under ordinary circumstances this would have been amply 
 sufficient. But the times were so hard and money so scarce, and 
 it was such a difficult matter to negotiate the bonds at all, that 
 it was lamentably insufficient. 
 
 Such was the predicament in which the regents found them- 
 selves when they made their report to the legislature in 1860. 
 
 These men were not careless of the interests of the state, nor 
 were they indifferent as to their own responsibility in the matter. 
 This board was made up of men whose integrity and patriotism 
 cannot be doubted. They had among their number as careful busi- 
 ness men as could be found anywhere. 
 
 That they were not careless and indifferent is evidenced by 
 the fact that they gave liberally of their own time and money to 
 the service of the University. It is said, by competent authority, - 
 that Franklin Steele, while a regent of the University, paid out 
 over $20,000 of his own money as a seal to nis loyalty to the 
 University; Isaac Atwater gave about half that amount and John 
 H. Stevens, Henry M. Sibley and other members of the board 
 gave to the utmost limit of their means and time. In the winter 
 of 1851, Colonel Stevens and Captain Rollins spent over two months 
 giving their whole time and paying their own expenses, 'in locating 
 the lands of the congressional grant in the northern part of the 
 state. These are only a few of the many instances of self-sacrific- 
 ing devotion of the members of the board, and other friends of the 
 University. 
 
 There can be no ooubt but that the regents acted to the best 
 of their knowledge, at that time, for the best interests of the state. 
 As careful business men, they took only such risks, for what they
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. I3 
 
 considered the best interests of the University, as they would have 
 taken with their own property. And had it not been for the unfore- 
 seen panic there is no doubt but that they would have been sue- 
 
 ccssf ul. 
 
 The' final outcome of their action was beneficial to the Univer- 
 sity The land and building, which originally cost about $12o,000 
 (even under the unforeseen calamity) is today worth over thre« 
 times that amount. And they also secured for the University, a 
 site— than which there is none more favorable, if there be another 
 as favorable — in the whole state. 
 
 The "Old Main." 
 The new building was the west wing of the "old main." Ima- 
 gine if you can, all the "old main," east of the main stairway, 
 removed and all of the part thus left exposed to be boarded up 
 with rough boards, and you will have an idea of the appearance 01 
 uie only building then on the campus. The original plan of build- 
 ing, embraced a wing on the east side of the main .part, similar 
 to the wing on the west side. Each of these wings as originally 
 planned, was to hav been four stories in height, while the mam 
 part was to 'have been six stories in height, summounted by an 
 observatory. The building was to have faced the north, instead 
 of the east, as it actually did. 
 
 For more than ten years the building stood gloomy, and deserted. 
 The rough boards on the east end gave it a decidedly barn -like 
 appearance. It was a most sorry monument to mistaken judgment. 
 A school was carried on here for a short time but was soon dis- 
 continued. The building fell into a state of diplapidation; the 
 doors were oh: their hinges and the cattle used to seek its lower 
 halls for protection from the winters' storms. Such was its con- 
 dition, when in 1867 the legislature voted $15,000, the first appro- 
 priation ever made for the University, to repair the building. 
 
 In the spring of 1858, the building was so nearly completed that 
 the regents employed Professor Barber to take charge of the 
 preparatory department, at a salary of $800 per annum. They ex- 
 pected to be able to pay that amount out of the tuition fees re- 
 ceived. After the school had been in session about six months it 
 was uiscontinued. The tuition received did not amount to one- 
 half of the salary of the leacner. 
 
 During the winter ot 1859 -'60, Professor Butterfield kept a pri- 
 vate school in this building. The regents gave him the use of the 
 building, and he was simply to leave it in as good condition as it 
 was when he took it. From this time until 1867 there was no at- 
 tempt to carry on a school. 
 
 In the lall of 1858, November 1st, Rev. E. D. Neill was appoint- 
 ed Chancellor of the University. This office he held until the Ter- 
 ritorial Board was legislated out of office by an act of the State 
 Legislature, approved February 14th, 1860. 
 The Investigation. 
 ^Vhen the legislature of 1859-60 met, the affairs of the Univer- 
 sity were in such bad condition that a committee was appointed 
 to investigate and report. This committee made a report giving 
 a somewhat extended view of the situation. In this report, al- 
 tbnneh thev exonerated the territorial board from all suspicion 
 of dIshoncTt dea"fngs, they censured their carelessness. They 
 nointed out the fact, to which the regents in their annual reports 
 had Repeatedly called attention, viz.: That the board was too 
 Targe for the best business results. Important business had often 
 Ken delayed or entirely neglected because it was impossible to get 
 a quorum for the transaction of business. They also pointed out 
 the fact that the method of their election was a most pernicious
 
 14 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 one. A body of men elected directly by the legislature was apt 
 to be so mixed up with politics that the interests of the institu- 
 tion intrusted to their charge were likely to suffer. They also re- 
 ported that the proceedings of the board had been marked by un- 
 necessary haste and precipitation. In the main this report seems 
 fair and trustworthy, thougli perhaps it is a little too severe in 
 its criticism of the motives of the board in certain of their trans- 
 actions. 
 
 The Re-organization, 
 
 The legislature passed an act, approved February 14th, 1860, 
 re-organizing the University and giving it an entirely new charter. 
 The Board of Regents prov'ide<i for in this charter was to consist of 
 five electors appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the 
 Senate. Besides these five members, the Governor, Lieutenant 
 Governor and the onancellor of the University were to be ex-oflicio 
 members of the board. 
 
 The Territorial Board selected 34,799.24 acres of lands which 
 were approved by the Secretary of the Interior. Besides this they 
 selected 11,280.61 acres which had not been approved when they 
 were superseded by the new board. Of these lands, 14,785 acres 
 were sold by subsequent boards to pay the debts 'incurred in the 
 erection of the University building. 
 
 In November, 1863, John S. Pillsbury was appointed to the 
 board in the place of George F. Batchelder, resigned. This was 
 the beginning of Governor Pillsbury's connection with the Uni- 
 versity. It was not without great reluctance that he consented to 
 serve as regent; he declmed the office when it was first offered 
 to him, and it was only when Governor Swift insisted that no 
 one else could serve the University as well that he consented to 
 accept the place. 
 
 This Doard was authorized and instructed to continue the in- 
 vestigation of the attairs of the Territorial Board. The principal 
 bus'iness of this board was the straightening out of the affairs of 
 the Territorial Board. In their first report to the Legislature the 
 board gave a very complete history of the University up to that 
 time. 
 
 This board began the agitation of the question of a second grant 
 by Congress for the support of the State University. They claiimed 
 that the grant by Congress to the Territorial University would be 
 mostly used up in paying off the debts of the Territorial University. 
 This grant was finally made in 1870. 
 
 This board was greatly hampered in their actions by the belief, 
 on their part, that at least a part of the debt of the Territorial 
 University, was contracted without proper authority. 
 
 The Legislature of 1862 authorized this board to make such ad- 
 justment concerning this debt as they considered equitable. The 
 board then made offers of land at fa'lr prices in exchange for notes 
 or other evidences of indebtedness held against the University. A 
 few accepted this offer but the great majority of the creditors of 
 the University preferred to hold the notes and bonds rather than 
 exchange them for lands. At this time the debt amounted to about 
 $110,000. Very few of the friends of the University had any hope 
 that the University would have any land left after having paid 
 all its debts. 
 
 The legislature which met In 1864 passed an act authorizing a 
 commission or board cons'isting of John S. Pillsbury, O. C. Merri- 
 man and JoFin Nicols, with authority to sell all the land necessary 
 to settle up the entire indebtedness of the University. This com- 
 mission went to work with a will and in 1867 they made a report to 
 the legislature which was so encouraging that the legislature voted
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 1 5 
 
 $15,000 for the repair of the University and for the commencing 
 of a course of instruction. During the year 1S67 a University fac- 
 ulty was elected consisting of the following named gentlemen: 
 W. W. Washburn, B. A., principal and instructor in Greek; Gabriel 
 Campbell, B. A., instructor in L,a.tm and German; Ira Moore, Ph. 
 B., instructor in maunematics and the English branches. During 
 the first term of school aoout fifty stuaents were enrolled; about 
 seventy were enrolled during the year. 
 
 When this board made its final report, there was still a debt 
 of about $5,750, but they had also ^,890 acres of land, which had 
 been appropriated to settle up the debts, still' unsold. Such un- 
 locked for results caused the friends of the University once more 
 to take heart. It is largely due to the success of this commission 
 that the legislature turned over the grant of land made by congress 
 for agricultural education (about 94,000 acres) to the University 
 upon condition that the University establish an Agricultural Col- 
 lege and also a college of Mechanic Arts in connection with the Uni- 
 versity. The legislature of 1868, February 18th, passed an act re- 
 organizing the University and providing for the appointment of a 
 Board of Regents. 
 
 The Real Beginning. 
 
 The second period of the history of the University extending 
 from 1868 down to the present time, as a matter of convenience 
 can well be divided at the close 01 the year 1883-'84, the end of Dr. 
 Folwell's and the beginning of President Northrop's administration. 
 
 The re-organizing act was signed, by the Governor of the State, 
 on the 18th of February, 1868. The board of regents was im- 
 mediately appointed and at once began to plan for the opening of 
 a real University offering work of a college grade. During the 
 summer of 1869, a faculty consisting of nine persons, three of 
 whom had previously taught .n the preparatory school, was elected. 
 
 On the 15th of September of the year 1869 the University was 
 formally opened by the calling of the first college classes. There 
 was no demonstration of any kind to mark the momentous event. 
 The freshman class was organized mainly from the students who 
 came in from the preparatory department. The faculty cheerfully 
 undertook the instruction of the preparatory classes, and a visitor 
 might have seen the unique spectacle of a major general' of the 
 United States army teaching arithmetic, an ex-college president 
 drilling students in Greek etymology, and the president of the 
 college doing his best to give instruction in elocution, geometry 
 and English grammar. For many years the steady grind of 
 hard worK was kept up; the faculty did their work on most meagre 
 salaries, and with totally inadequate equipment, but with a zeal 
 that was prophetic of the great future before the institution. Dur- 
 ing the first years 01 the life of the institution its total yearly in- 
 come was but $15,000. 
 
 The preparatory school settled for all time the question as to 
 whether the University should be co-educational; young women 
 presented themselves for admission to the school and were admitted 
 without question and tnus it came about in the most natural way 
 in the world that when the University was organized that young 
 women came In also as a matter of course. It is said that the 
 question did come up and that the faculty, governed by college 
 traditions, voted to exclude the young women, but that the re- 
 gents could see no reason for excluding them and so voted. 
 
 The next decided step in advance being the organizing of the 
 geological and natural history survey of the state under the con- 
 trol of the regents of the University, thus bringing it into direct 
 touch With the scientific departments of the University. The or-
 
 l6 DICTIONAP.Y OF THE 
 
 ganization of this survey, as it was organized, ha^ been of incal- 
 culable benefit to the University as weil as to me sta.te at large. 
 
 June 19tli, 1873, was a landmark in the history of the Univer- 
 sity. On that day came the tirst commencement, at which were 
 graduated Warren Clark Eustis and Henry Martyn Williamson, 
 i'he exercises were heid in the old Academy of Music, which stood 
 where Temple Court now stands, on the corner of Washington and 
 ilennepin avenues in the presence of an audience which taxed the 
 capacity of the hall. An address was made by President Welch 
 of the Iowa State Agricultural College, and a dinner was after- 
 ward served at the Nicollet House, at which the Honorable Eugene 
 M. Wilson, M. C, presided. Judge Atwater made an able and in- 
 spiring speech. The nrst regular college catalogue appearea at 
 this time, previous announcements having been made by means 
 of a so-called University Almanac. 
 
 The next event of historical interest was the completion of the 
 main part of the "old main building." At about the same time the 
 "agricultural building" was erected. This building was burned in 
 1888. Numbers kept increasing and full college work was carried 
 on; legislative appropriations were increased so that it was pos- 
 sible to provide a norary of a few thousana volumes, and a limited 
 amount of laboratory appliances was purchased. But it was found 
 impossibl3 to dispense with the preparatory department, which 
 continued to be a heavy burden. There were few schools offering 
 work sufficient to admit to the freshman class and the last pre- 
 paratory class was not Anally dropped until 1889. 
 
 The city high schools were still in the period of development, 
 and could not furnish college preparatory work in any systematic 
 way. How to enlist the high schools in this indispensable work, 
 was a problem which for years rested heavily on the minas of 
 t.'.e regents and faculty. At length a bill was framed by President 
 Folwell for the establishment of a "High School Board" which 
 should be caarged with the distrihution of a state fund to such 
 schools as would undertake the preparation of students for the 
 University, and admit outside students, of both sexes, free of 
 tuition. The bill became a law in 1878, and, with some amendments 
 is still in operation, and has wrought a great reform in public edu- 
 cation. It gave to ]\Iinncsota what no other state at that time 
 ppssessed, and which no state at the present time possesses un- 
 less modeled on the Minnesota system — a complete system of pub- 
 lic instruction. 
 
 By 1880, the University had passed out of its period of infancy, 
 and fully entered upon a period of growth and prosperity, which 
 has continued to this day, unchecked. The legislature of 1881 ap- 
 propriated $180,000, to be paid in six equal, annual installments for 
 new buildings and the day of small things was fairly passed. What 
 has since been developed, has oeen, in no small measure, due to 
 the faithful work of those who laid broad and deep the founda- 
 tions, in those early days of almost insuperable trials and dis- 
 couragements. 
 
 The Day of Larger Things. 
 
 The year 1884-'85 furnishes a natural dividing line in the history 
 of the University. The day of small things was fairly past and the 
 day of new and better things had already begun. The real divid- 
 i.-g line should be 1881, for it was the legislature of that year 
 that put itself on record as favoring a more liberal and far- 
 sighted policy for the University. The appropriation of $180,000 
 for buildings, payable in six equal annual installments, was a 
 big thing for those days and really marks the beginning of the 
 up-grade. We take the date first mentioned, however, since it
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 17 
 
 marks the beginning of ttie administration of Ir'resident Northrop, 
 and furnishes a convenient though not absolutely accurate dividing 
 line between me old and the new. 
 
 The nigh reputation tliat President Northrop had won as a col- 
 lege professor xias oeen almost eclipsed by his conspicuous suc- 
 cess as an executive. President Northrop has made much of what 
 he found already begun in tne high school system of the state, 
 and the marvelous growth of the University during the years of 
 his incumbency has been due in no small measure to the way in 
 which he uas kept the University in close touch with the high 
 school system of the state; this has been accomplished by President 
 Northrop" s personality and by a liberal system of accrediting high 
 schools doing work preparatory to the University. 
 
 One 01 the great problems that faced the new president was to 
 iind a solutii n lor the problem of agricultural education. The 
 l;.rmers of the state were restive; every session saw bills introduced 
 to divide the University and make the department of agriculture 
 independent. The regents and president had been trying for 
 years to solve the problem. They had taken education to the 
 farmers in the way of lecture courses and had succeeded in arous- 
 ing no little enthusiasm by cringing in lecturers of national repu- 
 tation, to give lectures, free to the public, upon agriculture and 
 domestic science; out all to no avail. The question would not be 
 settled. Finally a cr'isis was reached; when the legislature of 
 1887 met, the most Determined effort that had yet been made was 
 then made to uivide the University. It seemed that nothing could 
 save this disastrous outcome, when "Governor" Pillsbury stepped 
 in and offered to build a science building, now known as Pillsbury 
 hall, and donate it to the state, provided the legislature would put 
 itself on record as being forever and irrevocably opposed to such 
 separation. This was done and the questioni has never been a live 
 one since that day. But before this act of Governor Pillsbury, the 
 question was being solved. President Northrop was convinced that 
 education must be taken to the farmer since he would not come 
 to the University for his education. In looking about for the 
 proper man to do v/hat needed to be done, Providence led him to 
 send for O. C. Gregg, of Lynd, Minn. After a short talk with Mr. 
 Gregg, President Northrop Knew he had found the man and sent 
 him to Governor Pillsbury, then president of the board of regents 
 Mr. Gregg stated his ideas to Governor Pillsbury and they likewise 
 appealed to him and he told Mr. Gregg that if he would take up 
 the work he would personally bear the expense for a year, untlP 
 the matter could be taken up by the legislature. This was in the 
 spring of 1885. 
 
 The work was at once begrun and the following year the re- 
 gents took it up as a university matter and pushed the plan. The 
 following year tne legislature made an appropriation to carry on 
 the work. 
 
 Dr. David L. Kiehle, then superintendent of public 'instruction, 
 and by virtue of his office a member of the board of regents, took 
 great interest In the question and. visited many schools of practical 
 mechanics and inv^estigated the question of agricultural education. 
 In the spring of 1887 he published an outline of a course of study 
 and conditions that should govern the establishment of a success- 
 ful school of agriculture, the plan being substantially that later 
 adopted by the board of regents. The school was established in 
 the fall of 1888 and proved to be the long-sought solution to the 
 problem of agricultural education. 
 
 The next turning point in University history comes with th« 
 opening of the college year, 1888-89. Although nominally organized
 
 l8 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 upon a university basis the University had been really nothing 
 but a college of liberal arts in which courses in engineering and 
 agriculture were fostered and had come to have a nominauy in- 
 dependent existence. With the opening of this year, the depart- 
 ments of law and medicine were organized as teaching colleges 
 and work actually begun. Then the University began to grow by 
 leaps and bounds. The problem became how to care for tlie vast 
 numbers of students that were clamoring for admission. The new 
 departments were not entirely self supporting and were expensive 
 institutions to maintain. The number of instructors and profes- 
 sors needed to care for the increasing numbers of students was 
 all out of proportion to the increase in tne income provided by the 
 state. At last the legislature saw the reasonableness of the con- 
 tention of the regents and made provision, in 1894, for a state tax 
 that theoretically at least, would bring in an increasing income to 
 care for the increasing attendance. But the attendance increased 
 many fold faster than the wealth of the state and the legislature 
 was obligeu to supplement this tax levy oy standing annual ap- 
 propriations. iJut 'in spite of it all the income would not increase 
 fast enough and conditions kept getting more and more intolerable. 
 The lact that more instructors had to be had, meant lower salaries 
 and it came about that the average salary decreased in fifteen 
 years over $200. It was not until the alumni took hold of the mat- 
 ter in 1907 and carried on a systematic and organized campaign 
 that the legislature could be made to see the problem and provide 
 support liberal enough to pay something like living salaries. The 
 years from 1888-1900 are in a way uneventful. They were full of 
 events but the dramatic was lacking. The University authorities 
 were too busy caring for the problem that was on their hands 
 to do anything out of the ordinary. 
 
 Beginning with the year, 1901, however, there came the crea- 
 tion of the board of control of state institutions, whose history may 
 be found elsewhere 'in this book. T"he University was brought un- 
 der its control. The conditions of dual control were unendurable. 
 The two boards, with the best of intentions to get along harmo- 
 niously, could not manage one institution and determined effort was 
 made to have the law repealed. Two years went by and no at- 
 tempt was made to put the law into force, because it was known 
 that here was a question as to the constitutionality of the law and 
 also it was known that the legislature did not really intend to in- 
 clude the University under the provisions of the law. But when 
 the legislature of 1903, had had the matter up and, through poli- 
 tical machinations, had been brought to decide against the release 
 of the University, there was nothing to do but to bow gracefully 
 to the inevitable and go to work to secure relief at the next ses- 
 sion. This was done. The alumini and other friends of the Uni- 
 versity rallied to the support of Alma Mater and made themselves 
 so insistent that a notable and overwhelming victory was won. 
 
 The two years through which the University had been under the 
 board of control were not, however, without theii' beneficial effects 
 upon the institution. The system of purchases and keeping of ac- 
 counts was thoroughly revised and laws w^ere passed requiring the 
 strictest business methods in every department. This change Is 
 undoubtedly for the good of the University as well as the state 
 and will never be discarded. 
 
 Other matters of interest in connection with the history of the 
 University will be found in their proper order in this book We 
 shall content ourselves with referring the reader to such statements 
 and call attention to one matter which is of more than passing 
 moment.
 
 UISrrVERSITT OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 19 
 
 The need of the University for the support of its alumni was 
 clearly demonstrated in 1901. Nooiy did the alumni respond. A 
 General Alumni Association, representing all departments of the 
 University, was organized, and the alumni came to know and rea- 
 lize their responsibility for the welfare of the University. This 
 arousing of the alumni in the interests of the University is a mile 
 stone that marks the beginning of biggar and better things. 
 
 The future of the University is assured. The people of the state 
 are coming to realize as never before that the University is their 
 institution and to take a pride in it and to realize that to be what 
 it ought to be it must have adequate support. This fact, a|nd 
 the arous'ing of the alumni are sufficient to warrant an optimistic 
 view of the future. The financial future of the University is also 
 assured. The lands granted by the National Government for the 
 endowment of the University, have been found to be rich beyond 
 the wildest dreams of a few years back, in iron deposits. It is large- 
 ly a matter of guess work, but the state auditor estimates that the 
 University will eventually receive an endowment of from twenty 
 to forty millions from th'is source.
 
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 Dictionary 
 
 ABBOTT, Amos W. — Clinical professor of diseases of women, 
 1888 to date. 21 Tenth street south. 
 
 ABBOTT, Everton, Judson — Born October 19, 1849, at Milan, Ohio. 
 B. A., Western Reserve University; M. D., Wooster, Ad eundem 
 medical department. Western Reserve. Connected with the med- 
 ical department of the University of Minnesota since its beginning 
 as professor of clinical medicine and associate professor of practice 
 of medicine. 395 Endicott Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 ABBOTT, Howard S. — Professor of corporation law, 1895 to date. 
 B. L., Univerpity '§5; Master in Chancery, United States Circuit 
 Court since 1898; Author of Cases Public Corporations; Private 
 Corporations; Notes. Authorities and Deductions on Corporations; 
 Municipal Corporations, three volumes. 900 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 ACANTHUS Literary Society — Organized in 1905 by a group of 
 twenty freshmen girls. The programs of the society consist of 
 book reviews, informal debates, original stories and current events, 
 with vocal or instrumental music and frequent social meetings. 
 
 ACOMB, William E.— Instructor m drawing. 1902-03. 
 
 ADAIR, Fred Lyman — Born July 28, 1877, Anamosa Iowa. B. S., 
 University of Minnesota in 1898; M. D., Rush Medical College, 1901. 
 Ruse Hospital, Chicago, 111. ; clinical assistant in medicine and ob- 
 stetrics, 1907 to date. 1030 Andrus building. 3232 Irving avenue 
 south. 
 
 ADAMS Bill — The following is the first and essential paragraph 
 of the Adams bill which was approved by the president, 1906: 
 
 "Be it enacted by the House of Representatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled, that there shall be, and 
 'hereby is, annually appropriated out of any money in the treasury, 
 not otherwise appiopriated, to be paid as hereinafter provided, 
 to each state and territory, for the more complete endowment and 
 maintenance of agricultural experiment stations now established 
 or which may hereafter be established in accordance with the act 
 of Congress approved March 2nd, 1887, the sum of $5,000 in addition 
 to the sum named in said act, for the year ending June 30th, 1906, 
 and an annual increase of the amount of such appropriation there- 
 after for five years by an additional sum of $2,000 over the preced- 
 ing year, and the annual amount to be paid thereafter to each 
 siate and territory shall be thirty thousand dollars, to be applied 
 only to paying the necessary expenses of conducting original re- 
 searches or experiments bearing directly on the agricultural in- 
 dustry of the United States, having due regard for the varying 
 conditions and needs of the respective states and territories." This 
 is virtually an amendment to the Hatch bill, under the provisions 
 of which experiment stations were established and by which they 
 have been supported since 1887. 
 
 ADAMS, Elmer E., Fergus Falls — Appointed regent May 31, 1S97, 
 and served until elected to the legislature in January, 1905, resign-
 
 22 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 ing just before taking his seat as member of the house of 1905. 
 Served as member of the house for 1905 and 190(7. Second alumnus 
 01 the University to be appointed to the board of regents. News- 
 paper man. Editor and publisher of the Fergus Falls Journal. 
 
 ADMISSION to the University — See statements under various 
 colleges. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL Chemistry Laboratory— Erected in 1902, at a 
 cost of $30,000, and in 1904, $5,000 was added in way of equipment. 
 Contains the office of the chemist of the department and the sta- 
 tion; laboratories for practice in elementary agricultural chem- 
 istry, chemistry of foods and soils and fertilizers and domestic 
 chemistry; work rooms, recitations rooms for classes in chemistry. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL College Building— J. W. Bassford, architect. 
 The legislature of 1872 made an appropriation of $12,500, for 
 this building-, which consisted of a main part fifty-four feet square. 
 
 with two wings, each 25x46 feet. See picture of same. Finished 
 5n 1875 and occupied for the first time that fall. Destroyed by 
 fire December 3, 1888. This building housed the departments of 
 agriculture and tlie plant house, and chemistry. The main portion 
 only was two stories high. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL Libraries — The libraries of the department 
 of agriculture include about eleven thousand volumes, besides many 
 thousands of pamphlets and bulletins relating to various phases of 
 agriculture. The collection is a fine working collection for the 
 department. The main library is housed in the new main building 
 and the quarters provided are all that could be desired. The 
 var'ious divisions of the department are providc'd with libraries 
 whicla include only the books directly bearing upon their own 
 special lines and such as are in constant demand by students work- 
 ing in those departments. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL Museums — Practically every division of the 
 department of agriculture has made collections of material that 
 bear upon instruction in that department. These collections are 
 especially important in entomology, farm machinery, botany, etc. 
 
 AGRICULTURE, The Department of — Provision for the creation 
 of this department was made in the charter of the University and 
 the College of Agriculture was one of the first colleges to be 
 organized. The first organization, which was intended to be
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 23 
 
 merely tentative and which lasted for but two years, provided for 
 a college of agriculture and the mechanic art®. The reorganization 
 of 1871, established this college as an independent college. Origin- 
 ally the work of this college was the same as for the college of 
 science, literature and arts, up to the end of the sophomore year 
 and the degree of bachelor of agriculture was conferred upon 
 those who completed this course and the two years of special 
 agricultural work of the junior and senior years. It was also pro- 
 vided that "any person not a candidate for a degree, who may 
 appear to be competent to receive instruction, may attend the 
 classes and undergo examinations in any subject, and if success- 
 ful will receive a certificate to that effect." In addition to the 
 college course, an elementary course, outlined especially to meet 
 the needs of the prospective farmer, was provided. In 1875-76, a 
 special lecture course for men engaged in the practice of fanning 
 was offered upon condition that thirty persons signify their inten- 
 tion to pursue the course. This course of lectures was to extend 
 through ten weeks and to be both scientific and practical and no 
 fees, examinations or conditions were prescribed for admission. 
 Special effort was made to secure the attendance of practical 
 farmers upon this special lecture course, and though the oourse 
 was offered, without restrictions of any kind, for five years, the 
 demand did not justify its being given. In 1881-82, 191 students 
 were enrolled in this course, though the course had to be reduced 
 to six weeks, instead of the ten weeks that had been previously 
 offered. The following year ihe attendance in this lecture course 
 increased to 281; the total attendance in the other courses in this 
 college having increased to 10. In 1882-83, the attendance of this 
 course increased to 1118. 
 
 This large attendance was secured by offer'ing popular lectures 
 upon subjects related to agriculture and home economics. 
 
 Then for several years the attendance dropped off entirely and 
 it was not until the year 1885-86, that the catalogue shows any 
 attendance and then an enrollment of but five students in the 
 school of practical agriculture which opened May 1 and closed 
 November 1, the students working on the farm to pay their ex- 
 penses. The following year this course showed an attendance of 
 fourteen and plans were matured for the organization of the pres- 
 ent school of agriculture. With the opening of the year, 1888-89, 
 this school was fully organized and had an enrollment of 47. In the 
 year 1888-89 the department of veterinary science was organized 
 as an independent college in the department of agriculture. No 
 change of importance in the department was made until the year 
 1891-92, when the dairy school was organized, offering a four- 
 weeks' course to practical dairymen. The college of veterinary 
 medicine was abolished in li892. 
 
 The course in the school of agriculture was not first planned to 
 meet the needs of the young women and the demand was made 
 upon the regents to provide such a course. This was done in 
 1894, when a so-called summer course for women was provided. 
 This course which was offered in 1894, 1895 and 1896, lasted from 
 late in April to late in June and was outlined specifically to meet 
 the needs of the "mothers and daughters" of Minnesota. The 
 next change was the offering of a short course for farmers. This 
 course was offered January 5, to February 28, 1903, for the first 
 time. The work of the course is practical In the extreme and 
 is so arranged that every hour of the eight weeks 'is spent in work 
 that has a direct bearing upon the work of the farmer and gives 
 him the Information which he needs and desires. 
 
 In the year 1901-02, an intermediate year of work was arranged 
 for the benefit of graduates of the school of agr'lculture who de-

 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 25 
 
 sired to enter the college of agriculture. The same year, in ac- 
 cordance with an act of the legislature, the agricultural department, 
 began the preparation of leaflets and other material to be used in 
 the introduction of studies, calculated to build up farming and 
 country life into rural schools. This includes the preparation of 
 leaflets, the promulgation of plans for the use of teachers in leading 
 pupils to Observe and experiment on tne farm and at home, to assist 
 in the utiUzation of natural objects of the country for the purpose 
 of illustration in rural schools; the decoration and use of school 
 grounds; correspondence with teachers and superintendents, to aid 
 and encourage them in carrying out the plans proposed. See Rural 
 School Agriculture. 
 
 In 1902-03, the courses 'in the college of agriculture were re- 
 organized and provision made for offering courses, leading to de- 
 grees in forestry and honie economics, the work in these lines 
 having been previously given as parts of the general agricultural 
 course. 
 
 The legislature of 1905 passed an act creating a school of agri- 
 culture at Crookston, placing it under the direction of the board 
 of regents. $15,000 was appropriated for a building and equip- 
 ment, but no provision was made for its maintenance. The citizens 
 of Crookston raised $2,500 and offered it to the regents so that 
 a school might be started in the year 1907-OS. The school was 
 started and the attendance the first year was over thirty. The 
 legislature of 1907, made further provision for this school by ap- 
 propriating $4,000 annually for maintenance and $50,000 for dormi- 
 tory and equipment and $15,000 for an industrial building, also 
 re-imbursing the citizens who had provided the $2,500 for start- 
 ing the school in 1906. 
 
 This department is located on the University farm of about 
 four hundred twenty acres, at St. Anthony Park, about two miles 
 from the main campus. It is provided with buildings, for a de- 
 scription of which see Buildings, department of agriculture. See 
 also Experiment Stations, students in the college of agriculture 
 receive a considerable portion of their instruction in the college 
 of science, Hterature and the arts. The college year is the same as 
 lor other colleges of the University. The year for the school of 
 agriculture extends from early October to late in March. The Dairy 
 school from late November, to just before Christmas vacation. The 
 Short course for farmers from the middle of January to the middle 
 of March. The dean and director has general supervision of ttie 
 whole department and the experiment stations; he has direct charge 
 of the experiment station at St. Anthony Park, the college of agri- 
 culture and the short course for farmers. The school of agricul- 
 ture is under the immediate supervision and direction of the 
 principal. The professor of dairy husbandry has charge of the 
 dairy school. The school of agriculture is the only department of 
 the University In which dormitories are provided for the students. 
 
 Tuition for the college same as for the college of science, litera- 
 ture and the arts. The school charges no tuition. See School of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL Experiment Station, The — This station was 
 established by an act of the legislature, approved March 7, 1885. 
 and was placed under the control of the board of regents. This 
 act carried no appropriation. An act of Congress, approved March 
 2, 1887, appropriated $15,000 annually for the support of the work 
 of investigations at experiment stations established by the various 
 states. Minnesota complied with the provisions of this law and 
 has. since 1887. received $15,000 annually for the purpose specified. 
 Under the provisions of the Adams bill, an act by fhe national 
 Congress, the experiment station rece'ives $5,000. which increases
 
 26 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 $2,000 annually until a maximum of $15,000, is reached. The money 
 received under this bill is used to cari-y on agricxiltural experi- 
 ments. 
 
 liie state also appropriates over $20,000 annually for carrying on 
 experiments in various lines. The work of the experiment station 
 is carried along in connection with the work of instruction in the 
 department of agriculture and it is impossible to draw a line and 
 say that here the work of one ends and the work of the other 
 begins, for each is dependent upon the other, despite the fact 
 that the experiment station is an independent institution. 
 
 The principal lines of work conducted at tJie station are as fol- 
 lows: Cnemistry of soils and farm crops, field experiments, rota- 
 tions, tests of varieties of cereals and forage crops, time and 
 depth of seeding grains and amount of seeu, methods of seeding 
 grasses; horticulture— tests of varieties of fruits and vegetables, 
 use of wind-breaks, testing hardy stocks for apple trees, improve- 
 ment of native fruits; forestry; diseases of plants; food and nutri- 
 tion of man; plant and animal breeding; feeding experiments; dis- 
 eases of animals, entomology; dairying; farm management and 
 farm statistics. 
 
 The experiment station has available for purposes of experimen- 
 tation, the University farm, at fat. Anthony Park, 419 acres, the 
 sub-stations at Crookston and Grand Rapids, 490 and 352 acres re- 
 spectively, the Coteau farm at Lynd and five acres of the state 
 farm at Owatonna, and the newly purchased farm for a fruit 
 experiment station at Minnetonka. The main station is under 
 the personal direction of B. W. Randall, director, who also has 
 general supervision over the other stations. The station at Crooks- 
 ton is under the direction of William Robertson and that at Grand 
 Rapids under the direction of J. H. McGuire. Experiments are be- 
 ing carried on, at various points in the state, though the co- 
 opv-ratioii of fanners in such localities. Since the establishment 
 of the station in 1SS7, there have been issued 96 general bulletins, 
 25 press bulletins, and 15 class bulletins. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL Land Grant — An act of the legislature of 
 Minnesota, passed March 10, 1858, set aside lands in McLeod county 
 for a site for an agricultural college and for an experimental 
 farm. This institution was to be under the control of the president 
 and executive committee of the state agricultural society. In 1861 
 the state donated to this college all the swamp lands oi McLeod 
 county. Nothing was ever done toward organizing a college at this 
 place. The congressional grant of 1863 was accepted and the 
 lands located and, because the affairs of the University were in 
 sucn unsettled condition, tnese lands were made over to the agri- 
 cultural college at Glencoe, in 1866. The following year, the special 
 board of three made a report showing a wiping out of the debt 
 of the University and 32,000 acres of the territorial grant still un- 
 touched. Through the good offices of Regent Pillsbury, then 
 senator, the two grants were consolidated and given to the Uni- 
 versity. It was provided that the swamp lands granted to the 
 McLeod institution, which amount to 4,684 acres, should remain 
 in the possession of that institution as an endowment of Stevens 
 Seminary. 
 
 AGRICULTURE, The School of — Minnesota's contribution to 
 education has undoubtedly been greatest in the solving of the prob- 
 lem of agricultural education, through the establishment of the 
 school of agriculture, wtiich has been copied all over the world, 
 where tl'e question of agricultural education is a live question. 
 The agitation which had been felt for years, reached an acute 
 stage as a result of the field work of the farmers' institutes. Dr. 
 Kiehle, who was at that time superintendent of public instruction
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 27 
 
 and a member of the board of regents, gave the subject much 
 careful study and investigation and after visiting many manual 
 training schools and agricultural colleges, both east and west, gave 
 a communication to the public press in February ISSS. Thas was 
 the first formal plan to be submitted along lines substantially 
 similar to those afterward to be worked out in the Mmnesota 
 school of agriculture. 
 
 At the mooting of the beard of regents, April 1, 1887, on motion 
 of Governor Pillsbury, an advisory board of seven members, maue 
 up of practical farmers, was created. The function of this board 
 was to be to keep 'in touch with the agricultural department of 
 the University and to recommend to the regents such action as 
 they deemed advisable. The first board was appointed at the 
 meeting of the regents which occurred on April 7, of the same 
 year, ana consisted of Messrs. G. W. Sprague, Canton; D. D. 
 Burnes, Welcome; T. J. Smith, St. Paul; L. H. Stanton, Morns; 
 Wyman Elliott, Minneapolis; S. riarbaugh, St. Paul; D. L. Well- 
 man, !:• razee City. At the same meeting tne regents voted to 
 direct Professor Porter to consuic with this board concerning the 
 establishment of an industrial school of agriculture and to sub- 
 mit plans for such a school at tne following meeting of the board. 
 The board met again on the 13th of the same month, and re- 
 ceived a report from the advisory board, as follows: 
 
 Resolved: That the board of regents be advised to make such 
 appropr-iation, as may be necessary to provide suitable accomoda- 
 tions for the students of the school of agriculture on the experi- 
 mental farm. 
 
 "Resolved: That the proposition to establish a school of agri- 
 culture'^ on the experimental fai-m be approved and endorsed by 
 this advisory committee as promising the best possible solution 
 of the problem of agricultural education in Minnesota." 
 
 This report was approved and it was voted, at the same meet- 
 ing, to establish a school of agricuiture in conformity with these 
 resolULions, and the executive commutee was instructed to erect 
 a building, at a cost net to exceed $10,00'&, as soon as the funds 
 should be available for the same. 
 
 T-he plan of organization adopted by the regents was substan- 
 tially that submitted by Dr. Kiehle, and published in "The Farm, 
 Stock and Home" in February, 1887. the essential features of which 
 were a school to be conducted during the winter months, when 
 the children of the farmers would have leisure to attend; to take 
 those who had had a common school education, and give them a 
 school course mainly objective, manual, practical and scientific, 
 which should fit the student for the duties of life as a farmer. 
 The sciiool opened October 18, 1888, and continued until April 17, 
 1889, the attendance being 47. See Department of Agriculture. 
 
 AHRENS, Albert Emil— Born November 29, 1877, Minnesota. 
 Educated at high school; medical college; interne, Chicago Hospital. 
 Taught vocal and instrumental music and high school subjects 
 previous to and during medical course; assistant instructor, ana- 
 tomical laboratory, Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, 1902; lec- 
 turer, Hahnemann Medical College, in Anatomy. 1904-1905; also 
 seven years mercantile experience. Surgical clinics. University, 
 1905-1907. Address, 366 Prior ave., St. Paul. 
 
 ALBERT Howard Scholarship Fund, The— Under the last will 
 and testament (1895) of Mr. James T. Howard, of the town of 
 St. Johnsbury, Vermont, $4,166.81 was left to the University to es- 
 tablish a scholarship to be known as the "Albert Howard Scholar- 
 ship." This scholarship 'Is assigned by the Executive Committee 
 upon the recommendation of tne faculty. This scholarship has been
 
 28 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 awarded, as follows: 18S5, Alexander P. Anderson; 1896, Josephine 
 B. Tilden; 1897, May Bestor; 1898, Marion Potter; 1899, Charles 
 Zeleny, 1900, Ethel C. Brill; 1901, Lillian Cohen; 1902, Clara E. 
 Fanning; 1903, Daniel J. Lathrop; 1904, Gertrude E. Ballard; 1905, 
 Linda Maley; 190G, Ruth J. Sandvall; 1907, Alice M. Stewart. 
 
 ALCALA, Catalina de — Instructor in Spanish, 1892-93. 
 
 ALDRIori, Charles R. — Instructor in shop work and drawing, 
 and farm buildings, 1892-02. 
 
 ALDRICH, Henry C. — Professor (homeopathic) of dermatology, 
 
 1889-94. 
 
 ALEXANDRIA, Minn. — An alumni organization is maintained 
 by the alumni of this place. Constant Larson, '93, Law '94, presi- 
 dent; May Gibson, '05, secretary. 
 
 ALICE SHEVLIN HALL— So named in honor of the wife of the 
 donor, Thomas Shevlin, was erected in 1906, ttie cost of the same, 
 $60,000, being provided by Mr. Shevlin. The building is 114x55 feet 
 and is solely for the use of the young women of the University. 
 It is intended that this building shall provide the young women 
 students of the University, a place where they can pass pleasantly 
 and profitably the hours they must spend every day on the campus 
 and yei not in class room. The building is two stories and base- 
 ment. In the basement are found kitchen and lunch rooms, toilet 
 and cloak rooms. The first floor has a large living room, with 
 fireplace, which runs through two stories, together with an as- 
 sembly room, several smaller parlors, and Y. W. C. A. rooms and 
 offices. The second floor provides a large study room, a rest 
 room with fifteen couches, society rooms, the offices of the matron. 
 The building was designed by Ernest Kennedy, Ex-'88, and is con- 
 structed of red sand mold brick with terra cotta trimmings. T'he 
 interior finish varies in the different rooms but is all very rich 
 and beautiful. The furnishings of the building were provided by 
 the Y. W. C. A., and the Woman's i^eague and their friends. 
 
 ALLEN, Arthur B. — Instructor in operative technics, 1905 to 
 date. Germania life building, St. Paul. 
 
 ALLEN, E. L. — Instructor in culture and starters, 1905 to date. 
 
 ALLEN, F. — Lecturer on veterinary anatomy, 1890-92. 
 
 ALLPORT, Frank — Clinical professor of ophthalmology and 
 otology, 1888-97. 
 
 ALPHA DELTA PHI — Minnesota chapter established in 1892. 
 Founded at Hamilton College in 1832. 1725 University avenue 
 southeast. 
 
 ALPHA KAPPA KAPPA — Medical fraternity. Psi chapter es- 
 tablis'-iied 1808. Founded at Dartmouth in 1S86. 502 Beacon street 
 southeast. 
 
 ALPHA KAPPA PI — A local fraternity, organized in 1900 and 
 which became Sigma Alpha Eps'ilon in 1902. 
 
 ALPHA PHI — Epsilon chapter established in 1890. Founded at 
 Syracuse in 1872. 1601 University avenue southeast. 
 
 ALPHA TAU OMEGA — Gamma Nu chapter established in 1902. 
 Founded at Richmond, Va., in 1865. 1028 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 ALPHA ZETA' — LaGrange chapter. Agricultural fraternity. 
 
 ALPHA XI DELTA— Established in 1907. 
 
 ALUMNI — Graduates of the University, of both sexes, who have 
 receiv<id a degree, or, a certificate of completion of special courses 
 not leading to a degree. Ordinarily, and for the purpose of alumni 
 organizations, all persons who have been connected with the Uni-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 29 
 
 versity are considered alumni. Of the 6,010 persons who have re- 
 ceived degrees, 196 have died, leaving 5,814 living. 
 
 ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS— The General Alumni Association, 
 •wtiich represents all colleges and departments of the University, 
 and college associations which represent the interests of their re- 
 spective colleges. All of the colleges and schools of the University, 
 except the graduate school and the school of mines, maintain col- 
 lege alumni organizations. 
 
 —The college of dentistry— Edwin F. Wanous, '02, president; 
 Frank E. Moody, '96, vice-president; B. F. Sandy, '02, secretary- 
 treasurer. Representatives on the board of directors of the Gen- 
 eral Alumni Association, Thomas B. Hartzell, '93, and Frank E. 
 Moody, '96. 
 
 —The college of education— President, C. G. Selvig, '07. Repre- 
 sentatives on the board of directors of the General Alumni Associa- 
 tion C. G. Selvig, '07, of Glencoe and Charles P. Stanley, '07. 
 
 — The college of engineering and the mechanic arts — Edward P. 
 Burch '92, president; C. H. Chalmers, '94, vice-president; Henry 
 B. Averv, '93, secretary; T. Lester Daniel, '00, treasurer. Repre- 
 sentatives on the board of directors of the General Alumni Associa- 
 tion, Euward P. Burch, '92, William R. Hoag, '84. 
 
 The college of homeopathic medicine and surgery— Hugh J. 
 Tunstead, '01, president; George G. Balcom, '96, vice-president; 
 Annah Hurd, Ph. '96, Hom. '00, secretary-treasurer. Representa- 
 tives on the board of directors of the General Alumni Associa- 
 tion, A. E. Booth, '99, Oscar K. Richardson, '90, Hom. '93. 
 
 —The college of medicine and surgery— Harry Parks Ritchie, 
 •96, president; Jennings C. Litzenberg, -94, '99, first vice-president; 
 George E. Sherwood, '94, second vice-president; Herbert W. Jones, 
 '01, secretary and treasurer. Representatives on the board of di- 
 rectors of the General Alumni Association, Soren P. Rees, '97, 
 Minneapolis, and Louis P. AVilson, '96. Rochester. 
 
 —The college of law— James R. liickey, '94, St. Paul, presiaent; 
 William T. Coe, '96, vice-president; George F. Porter, '94, secre- 
 tary-treasurer. Representatives on the board of directors of the 
 General Alumni Association, Hugh V. Mercer, '94, '97, and Walter 
 N. Carroll, '95, '96, and D. C. L. '02. 
 
 —The college of pharmacy— C. H. Allen, '07, president; R. J. 
 Knott, '07, vice-president; J. F. Bolton, '07, secretary, and A. G. 
 Erkel, treasurer. Representatives on the board of directors of 
 the General Alumni Association, Gustav Bachman, '00, and A. G. 
 Erkel, '02. 
 
 —College of science, literature and the arts — Fred B. Snyder, 
 '81, president; Anna L. Guthrie, '92, secretary; Frank M. Anderson, 
 •94', treasurer. Representatives on the board of directors of the 
 General Alumni Association, Henry F. Nachtrieb, '82, and Fr_ed 
 B. Snyder, 'SI. Organized and constitution adopted June 22, 1876. 
 The department of agriculture- E. C. Parker. '05, president, 
 St. Anthony Park; F. W. Cleator, '07, (school) vice-president; T. 
 G. Paterson. '02, (school) secretary-treasurer, Wayzata. Repre- 
 sentatives on the board of directors of the General Alumni Associa- 
 tion, John A. Hummel, '99, D. A. Gaumnitz, '04. 
 
 — The school cf chemistry — A formal organization has not been 
 effected but is now being planned. 
 
 — The school of mines— See School of Mines Society. 
 ALUMNI picnic — This is an annual function in which the 
 alumni of all departments participate. It is held on Wednesday of 
 com.mencement week on the University campus. The plan of
 
 30 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 holding this picnic was originated in 1906 and the first picnic was 
 held during commencement weelc of that year. 
 
 AMERICAN Chemical Society — A local section of the American 
 Chemical Society for Minnesota, with headquarters at the Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 ANCKER, Arthur B.— Professor of hygiene, 1888-89. 
 
 ANDERSON, Alexander P. — Born at Red Wing, Minn. Prepared 
 for college in common schools of Goodhue county; University, B. 
 S., 1894; M. S., 1895. Received his Ph. D. from University of 
 Munich in 1897. Did special work in Missouri Botanical Gardens 
 for three months, then was elected botanist and bacteriologist of 
 Clemson agricultural college. South Carolina. Came to the Uni- 
 versity as assistant professor of botany in 1899, resigned at end 
 of year to enter business as an inventor and research botanist, 
 in Cnicago. 
 
 ANDERSON, Frank Maloy— Born February 3, 1871, Omaha, Neb. 
 Educated at the Minneapolis Academy; B. A., Minnesota, 1894; 
 M. A., 1896; Harvard Graduate School 1896-97. Employed in a 
 variety of ways while in school; appointed teacher of history In 
 senior year at the University, December, 1893; scholar of history, 
 1893; instructor in history, 1894; assistant professor, 1898; profes- 
 sor in 1905. "Writings (in collaboration with Professor Charles L. 
 Wells) — "Outlines and Documents of English Constitutional His- 
 tory in the Middle Ages (Wilson 1«95);" "Constitutions and His- 
 ments Illustrative of the History of France 1789-1902 (Wilson 
 1904);" articles and reviews in 'The American Historical Review, 
 The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sci- 
 ences, and other periodicals. Address, 1629 University avenue 
 southeast. 
 
 ANDREWS, The George C. Prize— Mr. George C. Andrews, M. 
 E. '87, offers an annual prize to the senior mechanical engineers 
 for the best essay on any subject connected with heating and 
 ventilation. The first prize in this contest consists of $50.00 in 
 cash accompanied, by a suitable medal; the second prize consists of 
 $2.0.00 in cash accompanied by a medal. The winner of the first 
 prize is offered a position with the George C. Andrews Heatmg 
 Company. 
 
 ANDRIST, Charles M. — Born May 22, 1868, Roscoe, Minn. Com- 
 mon and district schools; B. L., University, '94; M. L., '97; gradu- 
 ate work in Sorbonne, in Paris, two seasons. Taught two years 
 in country schools and five years in the evening schools of Minne- 
 apolis. Six years assistant to general manager, in Paris, of the 
 International Harvester Company of America, and general Euro- 
 pean traveller for same concern. Two years general traveller for 
 Deere 6c Company, Moline, 111. Scholar in French department. 
 University, winter of 1894; instructor in French and German, 1894- 
 99; assistant professor of French, 1907 to date. Beta Theta PI. 
 Acacia Fi-atcrnity. 70i6 Delaware street southeast. 
 
 ANGELL, James Rowland — Son of President Angell, of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan. Born in 1869 at Burlington, Vermont. Since 
 1871, resided 'in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Attended the Ann Arbor 
 public schools and then entered the University of Michigan, gradu- 
 ating in 1890. Graduate student at Michigan and at Harvard, 
 gaining the degree of Master of Arts. Later traveled abroad for 
 study. Enrolled as student at the Unversity of Berlin and ttie 
 University of Halle, investigating also the work at various other 
 institutions. Mr. Angell began his work at the University of Min- 
 nesota as assistant in psychology, in the fall of 1893 and resigned 
 in 1894 to accept a position in the University of Chicago, where 
 he is at the present time.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 31 
 
 ANGLE, Edward H.— Professor of histology and orthodontia, 
 1888-lSyl. 
 
 ANOKA-An alumni association of ^^^f gthi^rty 3^,^,^^^?' 
 President. Kay P. Chase; vice-president, F. J. Sperry, secretary, 
 Marie Atterbury; treasurer, Helen R. Gove. 
 
 ANTHROPOLOGY and Ethnology Museum— The department of 
 soctoVoIy has begun a museum lor the purpose of illustrating 
 the subjects taken up in that department. A room has been set 
 Lpart in Folwell half for the purpose and the foundation for a 
 very valuable collection has already been made. 
 
 APPLEBY E v.— Assistant in ophthalmology and otology. 1900- 
 1902; clinical' instructor in same, 1902 to date. Lowry Arcade, 
 St. Paul. 
 
 APPLEBY, William Remsen— Bom in New Jersey. Williams. 
 •86. Made mining and metallurgy a ^P^cial study m the bchool 
 of Mines at Cornell, '87. Private assistant to P^^^rre de P. Ricketts 
 E M Ph. D.. Professor of assaying in the School of Mines at 
 Columbia. Assistant in Chemistry in the College of Pharrnacy 
 Nr^vv York, '89. Accepted a po.-ition in the New ^ork Oie Milling 
 and Testing Works; afterward entered the New ^ork office of 
 Messrs Fraser & Chalmers, making mining and metallurpca ma- 
 chlnei a specialty. Called to the chair of Mining and Metallurgy 
 of thfuniTersity of Minnesota '90. Dean of the school of mines 
 from 1900 to date. 911 Fifth street southeast. 
 
 ARDLEY, Henry T.— Born in England 1850. He spent his 
 bovtiood in his native land, and was educated f Eaton and South 
 Kensington. Mr. Ardley traveled twice around the globe, and as 
 a foreiln correspondent and artist for leading periodicals he spent 
 tome jears in China and Japan. South America, and the Pacific 
 Islands. Lectured extensively on foreign travel and art subjects 
 Professor Ardley established the Northwestern School of Wood 
 CarA'ing and Design in this city. Came to the University m 1S87 
 as instructor in freehand drawing, wood carving and desigri. in 
 charge of the school of design, as principal, until his resignation in 
 1894. 
 
 ARENA The — Orignally this society was devoted mamly to the 
 training of' men in debate. In 1902 the plan was changed in rec- 
 ognition of the fact that all men are not born debaters or with a 
 desire to become debaters, and its scope was broadened so as to 
 include various lines of literary activity, making its scope cultural 
 rather than technical. 
 
 ARIEL The— This was the first student publication at the Uni- 
 versity it was started as a result of a conversation between 
 Professor Willis M. West and John H. Lewis, both rnen being 
 members of the first board of editors. See Ariel, April 28, 1900. 
 It was started as a monthly, December 1, 1877, and was so con- 
 tinued until 1892, when it became a weekly. Its publication as a 
 weekly was continued until the spring of 1900, the last number 
 being published April 28. It was succeeded by the Minnesota Daily. 
 The Ariel was usually a 16 -page and cover publication. 
 
 ARMORY — This building was erected in 1896 at a cost of $75,- 
 000 It is two stories high with basement and is built of white 
 brick The building was designed by Charles R. Aldrich and em- 
 bodies some of the features of old Norman castles, giving it a de- 
 cidedly military aspect. It covers 220x135 feet. The building serves 
 as an assembly hall for large University gatherings on special oc- 
 casions and for a diill hall. It also shelters the g>-mnasium for 
 both men and women and provides quarters for athletic teams. 
 It is provided with a main hall which runs through the two stories.
 
 32 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 with a gallery, which will seat 4,000 persons; and two wings, one 
 of which is used for a gymnasium for men and the other for 
 women. Offices for the officials who have their headquarters in 
 
 Armor}' 
 
 this building are provided. In the basement are baths and toilet 
 rooms, a running track and in the sub-basement a shooting gal- 
 lery for target practice. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, John Milton— Born April, 18(5, St. Paul. M. D., 
 University, 1901; laboratory assistant, pathology and bacteriology, 
 1900-1901; member of staff. City and County Hospital, St. Paul 
 lYee Dispensary; first assistant, Health Commission, St. Paul; 
 chairman. Library Commission, IMedical Society; member. State 
 ixeaical Association, American Medical Association. Clinical as- 
 sistant in Genito-TJrinary Diseases, University of Minnesota, 1905- 
 date. Author of book reviews; abstracts and articles in St. Paul 
 Medical Journal, 1905-1907. 230 Dowry Bldg., St. Paul. 
 
 ARNOLD, M. LeRoy — Instructor in English, 1904-06. Graduate 
 student at Columbia Universitj-, 1906-08. 
 
 ARNOLD, L. B. — President of the American Dairymen's Asso- 
 ciation, lecturer on dairy liusbandry, 1SS2-83. 
 
 ARRAPAHOE — An inter-fraternity organization made up of rep- 
 resentatives of the following, Chi Psi, Psi Upsilon, Delta Igiappa 
 Epsilon, Delta Tau Delta, Phi Kappa Psi, Sigma Chi. 
 
 Artisans' Training School — See College of engineering. 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL Observatory — Completed in 1892 at a cost of 
 $2,266, and is a small lime stone building for the accommodation 
 of the telescope, transit circle, astronomical clock, etc. The equip- 
 ment cost $7,734, making total cost of building and equipment 
 $10,000. 
 
 ATHLETIC Association, The — An organization Of persons con- 
 nected with the University, having for its object the general phy- 
 sical well-being of the students and the encouragement of a proper 
 spirit in favor of hearty, manly sports. 
 
 ATHLETIC Finances — For the year ending February 1. 1907. 
 Balance, February 1, 19G6. $8,087.69. Receipts, basketball, ?1,339.- 
 55; baseball, $633.25; track meets. $283.85; Football— Ames. $2,534.- 
 70; Sophomore-Freshman, $31.50; Nebraska, $3,506.40; Carlisle, $27,- 
 155.13; Chicago, Minnesota's share, $11,353.75; Indiana, $1,727.00;
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 33 
 
 cushion privileges, $20; interest on bank deposits, $150, miscel- 
 laneous, $510.90. Making the total receipts, $49,:i46.03 and total 
 money available, $57,333.72. 
 
 Expenditures — Tennis, Nebraska, $69.10; Basketball, $881.80; 
 Baseball, $.^41.40; Track meets, $48i.50; Football, $16,597.74 (guar- 
 antees); Officials, referees and umpires, $1,407.75; Gate men, ath- 
 letic attendants, and field work, $1,738.63; Salaries a-nd wages, 
 $6,009.19; Athletic supplies, $4,676.27; Travelling expenses, $4,106.34; 
 Incidental expenses, $634.40; Piinting- and stationery, $149.65; Ad- 
 vertising, $187.29. Permanent lmproven>ents, $129.64. Making a 
 .total expenditure of $37,614.70. This leaves a net balance of $19,- 
 719.02. The net earnings of the year were, $11,631.33. 
 
 ATHLETICS, Control of — The athletics of the University are 
 under the supervision of a board of control made up of seven stu- 
 dent members, two faculty members and two alumni members, 
 'ihis board has general supervision of all matter cop/^gcted with 
 athletic contjests and the arrangement of the schedules of games 
 and all details connected with the same. The final ' authority, 
 howe\er, lodges in the faculty committee of five members, created 
 in conformity with a resolution adopted by the board of regents, 
 May 3, 1906. By virtue of the authority conferred upOh this com- 
 mittee by the said resolutions, the committee has charge of all 
 ticKets and other sources of revenue. An auditing committee, of 
 this committee, has charge of all expenditures and no bills can oe 
 paid without its approval. This committee also is vested wltn 
 power to determine the eligibility of all candidates for participation 
 in athletic contests. The committee also has the veto power over 
 al! proposed expenditures by the athletic board of conti-ol. and of 
 Northrop field and all grajidstands thereon. In short, this com- 
 mittee is given full and absolute control of athletics, subject to 
 the revision and ratification of the University Council. See. min- 
 utes of the board of regents meeting of May 3, 1906. 
 
 ATTENDANCE — The following is a statement of attendance, by 
 years, since the opening of the University in 1868. 
 
 1868, 72; 1869, 146; 1870, 212; 1871, 225; 1872. 265; ■IS.'^ 278; 1874, 
 287- 1875, 237; 1876, 267; 1877, 304; 1878, 371; 1879, 386; 1880. 308; 
 1881 271; 1882, 253; 1883, 223; 1884, 289; 1885, 310; 1886, 406; 1887, 
 412;' 1888, 491; 1889, 781; 1890, 1,002; 1891, 1,183; 1892, 1,374; 189«, 
 1620; 1894, 1,828. 1895. 2,171; 1896, 2,467; 1897, 2,647; 1898, 2,890; 
 1899, 2,925; 1900, 3,236; 1901. 3,413; 1902, 3,656; 1903, 3,788; 1901, 
 3,845; 1905, 3,790; 1906, 3.956; 1907, 4,145. 
 
 In 1881-82, there were 42 students enrolled in the summer school 
 of science; in 1882-83, there were 23 enrolled, in 1883-84. 105 were 
 emolled. During the same years, the attendance at the Farmers' 
 Lecture courses was, 191; 281; and 1,118. 
 
 ATTENDANCE. Department of Agriculture. 
 
 School College . daio' short 
 
 Men. Women. sciiool course 
 
 1888-89 47 
 
 1889-90 7S 
 
 18:K>-91 104 
 
 1891-92 101 ... 3 2S 
 
 1892-93 114 ... 7 30 
 
 1893-94 144 ... 7 59 
 
 1894-95 204 •59 9 90 
 
 1895-96 223 *46 10 97 
 
 1896-97 265 •70 14 91- 
 
 1897-98 272 37 23 ,; 83 
 
 1898-99 253 ■"" 21 75 ... 
 
 1899-00 327 ^ 23 73
 
 34 
 
 DICTIONAHY OF THE 
 
 1900-01 301 86 27 101 24 
 
 1901-02 328 122 21 114 33 
 
 1902-03 358 123 17 82 57 
 
 1903-04 375 147 30 106 47 
 
 1904-«&0 3S7 143 S4 87 1)21 
 
 1905-06 381 155 45 1U9 915 
 
 1906-07 385 175 68 106 81 
 
 ♦Summer courses. — ^Women were not admitted to tjhe regular 
 courses until tlie season of 1897-98. 
 
 ATWATER, Isaac, St. Anthony— Regent 1851-1860. 
 
 ATWATER, John B. — Lecturer on the law of real property, 
 1888-89. 
 
 AURAND, William Henry— Bom June, 1875, Oakley, Wis. Cen- 
 tral high school, Minneapolis; M. D., University; interne, St. Bar- 
 nabas Hospital; clinical assistant in 'medicine, University, 1904 to 
 date. 300 Walnut street southeast. 
 
 AUSTIN, Edward E., — Professor (homeopathic) of diseases of 
 women, (gynecology), 1895 to date. Andrus building. 
 
 AUSTIN, Horace, St. Paul — Regent, ex-offlcio member, as Gov- 
 ernor of the State, 1870 to January 7, 1874. 
 
 AUSTIN, Lloyd B.— Instructor in rhetoric, 1896-98. Now edu- 
 cational director of Y. M. C. A. at Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 AUSTIN, IVlarshail P. — Professor (homeopathic) of clinical and 
 orthopedic surgery, 1895-02. 
 
 AZEIVIAR, Arnold — Instructor in French, 1902-04. Born in Eng- 
 land. Early education in France arid New Zealand. 
 
 BABCOCK, Charles Kendrick — Instructor in English and his- 
 tory, 1890-93; instructor in Enghsh, 1893-94. Graduate of the 
 University class of 1889. Now president of th3 University of Ari- 
 zona. 
 
 BABCOCK, Judge P. M. — ^Lecture on wills and administration, 
 1888-89. 
 
 BABENDRIER, F. A. — ^Lecturer on (homeopathic) pharmacy, 
 1903-04. 
 
 BACCALAUREATE SERVICES'— The first baccalaureate ad- 
 dress was delivered by President Folwell, in 1882, upon "The secu- 
 larization of education," and the following j'^ear, 1883, he delivered 
 the second address, "The genuine university: what and how." 
 There is no record of any baccalaureate service for 1884. In 1885 
 the custom was revived and a service was held in the First Con- 
 gregational Church, the program having been arranged by the 
 Rev. John L. Scudder. The date was Sunday evening, June 7th, 
 and addresses were made by President Northrop and Professor 
 Downey, several other University professors participated in the 
 program, in various ways. The following year. May 30th, 1886, 
 a service was held and addresses were made by Rev. John S. Mac- 
 intosh and Rev. Joseph Anderson. 
 
 Since 1886 the service has been held annually on the Sunday 
 preceding commencement day. President Northrop has delivered 
 the address for the following named years, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1891, 
 1892, 1893, 1895, 1896, 1898, 1905, 1906. The addresses for the re- 
 maining years have been delivered by the following named gentle- 
 men, 1890. Bishop Whipple; 1894, Bishop Charles H. Fowler; 1897, 
 Rev. C. B. Mitchell; 1899, Dean William S. Pattee; 1900, Professor 
 Frederick J. E. Woodbridge, 1901, Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock; 190:i, 
 Rev. Marlon D. Shutter; 1903, Rev. William H. Sallmon, president 
 of Carleton College; 1904, Professor Jabez Brooks; 1907, Rev. John 
 W. Powell, '93, the first alumnus to deliver the address upon this 
 occasion.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 35 
 
 BACH MAN, Gustav — Instructor in pharmacy and laboratory- 
 assistant, 1903 to date. Member of the board of directors of the 
 General Alumni Association. 
 
 BACCN, Selden.— Lecturer on civil procedure, including- evi- 
 dence, iss9-isy4. 
 
 BAILEY, Charles M. — Secretary of the college and professor of 
 prosthetic dentistry, 1SSS-1S90; professor of prosthetic dentistry 
 and metallurgy, 1890-91; also orthodontia, 1891-96. 
 
 BAINBRIDGE, Mahlon — Superintendent of the University farm 
 and instructor in agriculture, 1869-1871. 
 
 BALCOM, St. A. D., Winona— Regent 1857-1860. 
 
 BALL, Charles R — Clinical assistant in mental and nervous 
 diseases, 1897 to date. Endicott Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 BALLARD, Caswell A.— Instructor in botany, college of phar- 
 macy, 1S93-94. 
 
 BARBER, J. P. — Assistant in diseases of children, 1899-02. 
 
 BAR.N (on Campus) — Erected in 1901 at a cost of $1,200. 
 
 BARR, John H.— Born in 1861, at Terre Haute, Ind. He en- 
 tered the University in 1879, having received his preparatory in- 
 struction at Mankato. He graduated with the class of '83 from 
 the mechanical course of the college of engineering. For two 
 years he was employed as mining engineer in the celebrated "Lake 
 Superior" mines. In the fall of 1885 he became instructor in me- 
 chanical engineering at the University. Made assistant professor 
 in 1889, and professor in 1890 and resigned in 1891 to accept a posi- 
 tion in Cornell. Now Manager, Smith Premier Typewriter Co. 
 
 BARTO, Alphonso, Long Prairie — Appointed regent March 28th, 
 1895, serving until day of his death, November 5th, 1899. Born 
 at Hinesburg, Vt. 1834. Three years in Civil war. Came to Min- 
 nesota in 1867. Member of the legislature in 1871. Lieutenant 
 Governor 1873. Register U. S. Land office, 1889-93. 
 
 BASEBALL — Information concerning this sport is so meagre 
 that it was thought best to omit all records before that of the 
 season of 1907. Owing to the lateness of the spring and the con- 
 sequent difficulties of securing the proper training of teams, base- 
 ball has never held a large place in student activities. 
 
 Record for season of 1907— Minnesota vs. east high, 12 to 0; vs. 
 central high, 7 to 1; vs. south hig-h, 8 to 2; vs. north high, 7 to 2; 
 vs. Macalester, 6 to 3; vs. south high, 12 to 6; vs. Winnipeg, 5 to 6; 
 vs. Iowa, 5 to 0; vs. Notre Dame, to 5; vs. Winnipeg, 1 to 6; vs. 
 Nebraska, 7 to 8; vs. North Dakota, 18 to 2; vs. Fargo Agricultural 
 College. 11 to 0; vs. North Dakota, 7 to 1; vs. Luther College, 2 to 6; 
 vs. Creighton University, 8 to 5; vs. Chicago, 9 to 1; vs. Armour In- 
 stitute, 3 to 2; vs. Notre Dame, 2 to 1; vs. Chicago, 15 to 9; vs. 
 Wisconsin, 4 to 5. 
 
 BASKETBALL — Basketball at the University, really began with 
 the students of the school of agriculture, who used to have a 
 winning team in the days before the 'Varsity team was thought 
 of. The first 'Varsity team of which there is record is that of 1897- 
 98. The fcore cards for the v.-xrious years tell the tale of develop- 
 ment in this line of sport. In 1901-02 the 'Varsity team had a 
 clear title to the college championship of the United States and 
 since that time has been one of the teams to be reckoned with 
 In figuring out the championship of the country. 
 
 1897-98 — Minnesota vs. Minneapolis Y. M. C. A. triangles 6-18; 
 11-5; vs. Alphas, 6-23; 6-13; vs. Coalites, 11-7; vs. Picked team, 5-5; 
 vs. Macalester, 11-9.
 
 25 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 1898-1899— Minesota vs. St. Paul Y. M. C. A. 4-28; 9-23; vs. 
 Macale.ster, 9-7; 9-8; vs. Minneapolis Y. M. C. A., 12-2; 0-2; vs. 
 School of Agriculture, 7-10; 9-20. 
 
 1898-1899— Minnesota vs. St. Paul Y. M. C. A., 4-28; 9-23; vs. 
 C. A., 3-27; vs. St. Cloud Normal, *7-14; 2-32; vs. Iowa, 4-30; vs. 
 Wisconsin, 15-18; vs. Superior Normal *26-ll; *19-15; 7-27; 9-13. 
 
 1900-1901 — Minnesota vs. Alumni, 31-2; vs. Carleton, 12-3; vs. 
 central high, 27-4; vs. School of Agriculture, 17-4; vs. St. Paul Y. 
 M. C. A., 37-19; vs. W. Superior Normal, 23-5; 12-14; vs. Iowa, 38-5; 
 vs. Fargo Y. M. C. A., 37-7; vs. Fargo College, 26-5; vs. N. D. A. 
 C, 24-5; vs. Wisconsin, 15-3. 
 
 1901-02 — Minnesota vs. Alumni, 44-11; vs. Sophomores 13-8; vs. 
 Seniors, 18-1; vs. South high, 2-0 (default); vs. Yale, 32-23; vs. 
 East high, 44-4; vs. Central high, 22-5; vs. N. D. A. C, 47-7; 60-9; 
 V.9. Fargo high school, 50-4; vs. Fargo college, 56-24; Co. E., Fond 
 du Lac, 22-16; vs. Nebraska, 52-9; vs. Wisconsin, 30-10; vs. Iowa, 
 49-10. 
 
 1902-03 — Minnesota vs. Facultj^ 44-4; Central high, 42-6; Grin- 
 nell, 39-2; Fargo college, *57-ll; Fargo high school, *41-20; N. D. 
 A. C, *31-13; Superior normal, *37-10; *44-6; Anoka high school, 
 *37-4; FargvO college, 40-7; Wisconsin, 38-11; Nebi-aska, 41-4. 
 
 1904-05 — Minnesota vs. Alumni, 36-18; vs. Holcomb, 61-10; vs. 
 Iowa, 49-17; vs. Nebraska, 21-22; 25-28; vs. Rochester, *41-12; vs. 
 Washington Continental, *27-35; vs. Columbia, *15-27; vs. Co. E. 
 Sclienectady, *18-47; vs. Dartmouth, *16-16; vs. Williams, *ll-32; 
 vs. Ohio State, *27-25; vs. Purdue, *34-19; vs. Chicago, *22-25; 
 *33-22. 
 
 1905-06 — Minnesota vs. Hig-h school, 27-11; vs. Macalester, 49-9; 
 vs. Holcomb, 47-12; 47-13; vs. Faculty, 27-11; vs. Illinois, 31-19; 
 *27-25; vs. Fargo A. C, 36-15; vs. Wisconsin, *24-31, 16-10; vs. 
 Purdue, *27-25; vs. Wabash, *16-26; vs. Chicago, *31-29; 20-17; vs. 
 Nebraska, 25-16. 
 
 1907 — Minnesota vs. Wisconsin, 18-11, 20-31; vs. Illinois, 42-3, 
 36-29; vs. St. Thomas, 44-6; vs. All-stars, 25-12; vs. Nebraska, 
 20-19, 20-18; vs. Purdue, 37-26; vs. Chicago, 24-27, 21-10; vs. Stout, 
 47-28. 
 
 BASS, Frederick A. — Bom in 1875, Hyde Park, Mass. Grad- 
 uate in civil engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 
 Four years' experience as assistant engineer on public works of 
 Massachusetts; one year as engineering assistant with the corps 
 of engineers of the U. S. Army; assistant engineer Hering & Ful- 
 ler, of New York. Instructor in civil engineering, in charge of 
 sanitary engineering, 1901 to 1904; assistant professor of same, 
 1904 to date. Author of articles contributed to the engineering 
 press. Member of the American Public Health Association; 
 American Water Works Association; associate member American 
 Society of Civil Engineers; Six O'clock Club. IW Beacon street 
 southeast. 
 
 BASSETT, L. B. — Instructor in farm machinery, school' of ag- 
 riculture, since 1907. 
 
 BATCHELDER, George F., Faribault — Regent January 13th, 
 1861-November, 1863. 
 
 BAUER, George Meander — Born January, 1872, Minnesota. B. S. 
 University, 1890; M. S., 1894; Ph. D., Columbia, 1900. Teacher, 
 high school, 1894-1895; University of Iowa, 1895-1898; Instructor in 
 mathematics;. University, 1900-02; assistant professor of mathe- 
 matics, 1902-07: professor of mathematics, 1907 to date. Author 
 of "Parallax of Cassiopeia and the positions of f>G neighboring 
 stars;" "Simpler elements of analytical geometry;" "Plane and
 
 UNrV'ERSITY OF MINXBSOTA. 
 
 37 
 
 spherical trig-onometi-y" (with W. E. Brooke). 5034 Thirty-fourth 
 avenue south. 
 
 BAXTER, George N. — Lecturer on common law and code plead- 
 ing, 18S8-S9. 
 
 BEACH, Elizabeth S. — Instructor in history, 1899-02. Now Mrs. 
 Willis M. West, of this city. Born in Faribault, Minn., in 1873. 
 Graduate from Faribault high school in 1891, with highest honors. 
 Graduate Minnesota in 1896, as valedictorian. Phi Beta Kappa. 
 Three years' experience as teacher in Faribault high school. 
 
 BEACH, John Parsons — Assistant professor of music, 1902-04. 
 
 BEACH, Joseph Warren — Born, January 14, 1880, Gloversville. 
 N. Y. Educated at Gloversville high school; B. A., University; 
 1900; M. A., Harvard, 1902; Ph. D., 1907. Assistant in rhetoric' 
 University of Minnesota, 1900-1901; instructor in rhetoric and Eng- 
 lisli. 1902-1904; assistant professor of English, 1907. Author of 
 "Sonnets of the head and heart;" "Richard Badger Burton," 1902. 
 225B Eighth avenue southeast. 
 
 BEAR, U. S.'— Instructor in cheese making, 1895-96. 
 
 BEARD, Richard Olding— Born December 20th, 1856, Middlesex, 
 England. M. D., Northwestern University. Teacher of physiology; 
 practicing and consulting physician in nervous and nutritional dis- 
 eases. Professor of physiology-, University, 1889 to date. Author 
 of medical and sanitary monographs. 812 Pillsbury building. 
 
 BEARDSLEY, Arthur— 1869-72. Member of the first University 
 faculty as tutor. Afterward he was made professor of civil en- 
 gineering and industrial drawing. 
 
 BEAUMONT, John F. — Professor (homeopathic) of ophthalmolo- 
 gy, 1888-94. 
 
 BECK, James F. — Instructor (homeopathic) in minor surgery 
 
 1897-99. 
 
 BECKLEY, Fred S. — Assistant (homeopathic) in g^Tlecol02-v•, 
 
 1903-04. 
 
 BECKMAN, Frederick E. — Born in Goettingen, Germany, 1865. 
 Received early education at the Royal Gymnasium. Came to Amer- 
 ica in 1889. Held a position in Illinois Trust and Savings Bank 
 seven years. Studied romance languages at Goettingen in 1897, 
 and spent 1898 in Spain. Received Ph. D. from Chicago University 
 in 1899. Came to I'niversity as instructor in Spanish and French 
 in the fall of 1S99. Resigned in 1901. Now in Pomona college, 
 California. 
 
 BEEBE, W. L. — Instructor in bacteriology, college of agricul- 
 ture, 1907 to date. 
 
 BELL, Charles J. — Born Sommerville, Mass., October 2. 1853. 
 Son of Dr. L. V. Bell. Educated in Chauncey Hall School, Boston; 
 Phillips Exeter Academy. 1872; Harvard, 1870; six years abroad 
 under BayeT' and Hoffman in Germany. Professor of chemistry, 
 Pennsylvania State College, several y^ars; fellow at Johns Hop- 
 kins to 1888. Professor of medical chemistry at LTniversity, 1888 
 to .ranuarv 3d. 1903, the date of his death. Married December 3d, 
 1902, to Miss Ragna Hoegh of Minneapolis. 
 
 BELL, John W. — Professor of physical diagnosis and diseases of 
 the chest, 1888-1906; emeritus professor, 1906 to date. 1037 Andrus 
 building. 
 
 BENJAMIN, Arthur E. — Born, Dec. 19, 1868, Hutchinson, Minn. 
 M. D.. University; teacher, country schools; farmer, two years; 
 clinical Instructor in gynecology, University, since 1901; specialist 
 
 ;J53G8G
 
 38 DICTIONART OP THE 
 
 in gynecology and surgery. Author of "Appendicitis;" "Some prob- 
 lems in gynecological survey." "Inguinal hernia;" Ectopic preg- 
 nancy;" "Gynecological surgery." 2222 Blaisdell avenue. 302 Pills- 
 bury building. 
 
 BENNETT, Estelle (now Mrs. Boot) was the first general sec- 
 retary of the Y. W. C. A., and the first general secretary 
 of a college Y. W. C. A., in the United States, 1896-99. Mrs. Boot 
 now resides at 1943 Sherman avenue, ii.Vanston, 111. 
 
 BENSON, Jared, Anoka — Regent January 23d, 1861-March 4th, 
 1864. 
 
 BENTON, Charles William— Born, 1852, Tolland, Conn. Edu- 
 cated at Normal College, Beyrout, Syria; B. A., M. A., Yale; "\vest- 
 ern University of Penn. Litt. D. University of Paris. Teacher, 
 high school New England, 1S77-1S79. Assitant professor of French 
 language and literature. University, 1880-81; professor, 1881 to 
 date. Editor, the Lake Series, Scott, Foresman & Co., Easy 
 French plays. 516 Ninth avenue southeast 
 
 BERKEY, Charles P. — Scholar in mineralogy, 1892-93; instructor 
 1893-1904. Now connected with same department in the school of 
 mines, Columbia University, New York City. Graduate of the 
 University, '92, M. S., '98, Ph. D., '97. 
 
 .BERNHAGEN, John F. — Instructor in military science, 1901-02. 
 Graduate of tne University, class of 1901. Now assistant county 
 attorney. 
 
 BERRY, John IVI., Faribault.'— Regent February 28th, 1860-Jan- 
 uary 13th, 1861. Appointed regent in 1868 but <3eclined to serve. 
 
 BERTIN, Emma. — Born, Saint-Quentln, France. Educated at 
 private schools in Saint-Quentin and Paris, also Acadamie de Paris. 
 Teacher, private schools in England, 1870-1880; Mrs. Cady's school. 
 New Haven, Conn., 1880-84; Judson Institute and Bennett Semi- 
 nary% 1884-1893; instructor, University of Minnesota, 1893 to date. 
 1223 Fourth street southeast. 
 
 BETA THETA PI.— Beta Pi chapter established in 1889. Found- 
 ed at Miami University 1839. 1625 University avenue southeast. 
 
 BIBLE SECRETARY for Students — The Baptist, Congregation- 
 al, Methodist and Presbyterian churches have united to make their 
 influence felt upon the religious life of the University and have 
 practically determined to support a Bible secretary who is to co-op- 
 erate with the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associa- 
 tions of the University. It is expected that the one chosen to fill 
 this place will have charge of the religious work of these bodies 
 and win be able to give direction and force to the work undertaken 
 by them. 
 
 BISHOP GILBERT SOCIETY, The— This society was organized 
 by the Episcopal students in 1906. Its purpose is to promote the 
 interests of the Episcopal church among ttie students of the Unl- 
 vers'ity and to draw together in bondiS of friendship and for mutual 
 helpfulness, the students of the University who are connected with 
 that church. This society is accustomed to provide lectures during 
 the year and maintains, with the assistance of the denomination, 
 a student pastor. The present pastor is Stanley S. Kilbourne, '03, 
 A club house for this society is to be erected near the campus In 
 the immediate future. The cost will be about $20,000.00 and a 
 student pastor, the Rev. Stanley S. Kilbourne, '03, is to be in 
 charge. 
 
 BLACK, Captain Mahlon — Regent from January 22nd, 1855 to 
 February 14th, 1860. Captain Black was born in Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, October 4th, 1820. He died, in Minneapolis, October 25th,
 
 UNTVBRSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 39 
 
 1901. He was member of the old first Minnesota and lost his 
 health while serving in the army. He wa^ an invalid for nearly 
 twenty-five years before his death. He came to Minnesota in the 
 spring of 1842 and wa^ the first white man to take up a claim on 
 the site of what is now tlie c'ity of Winona. He had studied sur- 
 veying and took up the work of "cruising" for lumber companies 
 and became one of the most prominent and widely known lumber- 
 men of the northern part of Minnesota. He was a member of the 
 first territorial legislature, also a member of the third and of the 
 last territorial legislatures. Captain Black surveyed and platted 
 the town of St. Anthony, now^ east Minneapolis. He was married 
 September 17th, 1850, to Miss Jane M. Stough, a daughter of one 
 of the pioneer residents of St. Anthony. He enlisted as a private 
 and rose from that rank to the rank of captain by sheer force 
 of merit. The friends who helped Captain Black and his wife 
 celebrate their golden wedding, in 190O, represented practically 
 all of the survivors of the territorial days of the state. His fu- 
 neral was held, at his request, under the auspices of the G. A. R., 
 and the pall bearers were members of the old First Minnesota. 
 See Weekly November 4th, 1901. 
 
 BLACKSTONE — A law literary society organized in 1899. 
 
 BLAIR, Margaret — Instructor in sewing, 1896-03; sewing and 
 household art, 1903 to date. St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 BLISS, Gilbert Ames — Instructor in mathematics, 1900-03. 
 
 BLOCK, E. Bates — Demonstrator of pathology and bacteriology, 
 18!i7-98. 
 
 BOARDMAN, Charles H. — ^Professor of medical jurisprudence, 
 1SS8-90. 
 
 BOARD OF CONTROL, The^The act of 1901, creating the state 
 board of control, was not primarily designed to include the educa- 
 tional institutions of the state. In the fight against the whole 
 proposition, an amendment was proposed to the bill, making it 
 include the educat'ionar institutions of the state in its provisions. 
 Greatly to the surprise of those who were opposing the bill, and 
 who hoped thus to defeat it, the bill was passed and became a law, 
 Th3 bill, as it was passed, was believed to be unconstitutional by 
 all friends of the University, since the title was not amended to In- 
 clude the educational 'institutions. No attempt was made by the 
 board of control to assert its authority over the University. The 
 regents, for two years, continued in undisputed control. The nor- 
 mal schools, in like state with the University, voluntarily waived 
 their technical right under the law and placed themselves under 
 the supervision of the board of control. In a short time, friction 
 arose over the administration of the affairs of those schools, and 
 the normal board attempted to withdraw from the position into 
 which it had voluntarily put itself. The case was taken into 
 the courts, and a ruling was secured which declared the educa- 
 tional institutions of the state "charitable" in tliieir nature and 
 the law was held to be constitvitional. Still no attempt was 
 made to bring the TTniversity under the supervision of the board 
 of control. The legislature met and an attempt was made to have 
 the University released from such control by a special act specin- 
 cany declaring such -freedom for the University. A combination 
 of Interests which desired to use the University to secure their 
 own release from board of control supervision, managed to pre- 
 vent the passage of this act. When the legislature of 1903 ad- 
 journed without affording the desired relief, the board of regents, 
 made overtures to the board of control and the board assumed the 
 pariial control given it under the law. This control extended
 
 40 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 only over the purctiase of supplies, the purchase of fuel and plac- 
 ing of insurance, the erection of new building-s, Tnis dual control 
 could result in but one outcome, unsatisfactory conditions all 
 around. After a two years' trial conditions were such as to make 
 further continuation of the arrangement wholly intolerable. The 
 legislature of 1905, by a practically unanimous vote, afforded the 
 long-sought relief and the University again came back under the 
 sole supervision of the board of regents, save in the matter of 
 placing insurance, purchase of fuel and tlie erection of new build- 
 ings; 'in all these matters the board of control still has control. 
 
 For further 'information on this matter see the "Weekly, fall 
 and winter numbers, of 1904-05, during the session of the legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 BOARD OF REGENTS'— The revised statutes of 1894 say — "The 
 government of the University shall be vested in a board of twelve 
 (12) regents, of which the Governor of the State, the State Sup- 
 erintendent of Public Instruction, and the President of the Uni- 
 versity, shall be members ex-offlcio, and the nine (9) remaining 
 members thereof shall be appointed by the Governor by and with 
 the advice and consent of the Senate. "Whenever a vaca.ni;y 
 therein occurs, for any cause, the same shall be filled for the un- 
 expired term in the same manner. After the expiration of the 
 term of the members of the present board of regents, their suc- 
 cessors $ha!l be appointed in a like manner and snail hold their 
 office for the full term of six (6) years from the first (1st) "Wed- 
 nesday of March succeeding their appointment, and imtil their 
 successors are appointed and qualified. The president of the 
 University shall be ex-oflicio the corresponding secretary of the 
 board of regents." 
 
 Ex-oflicio members— Cyrus Northrop. TjL.D., Minneapolis, The 
 President of the University; John A. Johnson, St. Peter, The Gov- 
 ernor of the State; John "W. Olsen, Albert Lea, The State Superin- 
 tendent of public instruction. 
 
 Appointive membersi — .Tames T. Wyman, Minneapolis, 1908, The 
 President of the Board; S. G. Comstock. Moorhead, 190«, Thomas 
 "Wilson, St. Paul, 1909, A. E. Rice. AVillmar, 1909, B. F. Nelson, 
 Minneapolis. 1910, Pierce Butler, St. Paul. 1910, Daniel R. NoyeS, St. 
 Paul, 1910. S. M. Owen. Minneapolis, 1913, "W. J, Mayo, Rochester, 
 1913, C. D. Decker, Minneapolis, Secretary but not a member of 
 the board. 
 
 BOND, Charles E. — Instructor in justice court practice, 1897-98. 
 
 BOOTH, Albert Edwin — Born September 30th, 1871, at Pater- 
 son, N."^ J., Tracy high school, freshman and sophomore work at 
 Hamllne University; University college of homeopathic medicine 
 and surgery, 1899. Some experience in common schools of state 
 as teacher; dispensary assistant 1897; lecturer on surgical emer- 
 gencies, 1899-1903; lecturer on orthopedia. 1903-04; professor of 
 orthopedia 1904-date. Clinical surgeon homeopathic free dispen- 
 sary T^niversity; surgical staff of the Minneapolis city hospital; 
 medical examiner for the Penn Mutual Life insurance Co., the Na- 
 tional T-ife Association of Des Moines, la., I. O. O. F., and others; 
 member of the city and state medical societies. 
 
 BOSS, Andrew — Born June ;id, 1867, Wabasha Co., Minn. Edu- 
 cated m common schools, school of .agriculture: assistant instruc- 
 tor and professor. School and College of Agriculture, T'^niversity of 
 Minnesota. Division of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry. 1894- 
 '02: nssnciate profes.sor of airricultnre, 1902-05, professor of agri- 
 culture and animal husbandrv since 1905. Author — Exper'iment 
 Statibn-tlRAlletins 31 and 62; United States Dept., of Agriculture, 
 Parmers Biilletin no. 83; contributor to Bailey's Encyclopedia of 
 Agriculture. 1443 Raymond avenue, St. Anthony Park, St. Paul.
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. 41 
 
 BOSS, William — Instructor in carpentry and engineering (power 
 machinery) school of agriculture, 1895 to date; 'instructor in farm 
 structures, also, 1904-1907; professor of farm structures and farm 
 mecnanics, 1907 to date. St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 BOSTON, Mass. — New England Association of Minnesota Al- 
 umni — Organized May 31st, 1907. Fred L. Barawell, '81, president 
 and A. E. Stene, Ag. '97, secretary. Mr. Bardwell is to be aa- 
 dressed care of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bos- 
 ton, Mass., and M'r. Stene, care of the Rhode Island College, 
 Kingston, R. I. 
 
 BOTANICAL PLANT HOUSE — This was built and equipped 
 in 1906 at a cost of i^lO.OOO. It consists of five connected glass 
 houses covering a ground area of about 3,700 square feet, and an 
 adjoining v. ork room 17x25 feet, with basement of same size. 
 The various houses are maintained at different temperatures to 
 meet the needs of the various plants cared for. The Xerophitic 
 house (25 X 25 ft.) provides for the culture of cacti, euphonbias 
 and other succulent and 'heat loving plants; the palm house (28 
 X 33 ft.) has a gable height of 18 feet, and provides for palms, 
 cycads, tree ferns and bamboos; the temperate liouse provides for 
 the common plants familiar as house plants; the aquatic house 
 (18 X 3o ft.) contains a large cement tank for water lilies, papyrus 
 and other aquatics and a bog for the culture of pitcher plants, 
 Venus fly traps, and sundews; this house contains many portable 
 tanks for the culture of smaller aquatics, and many perching 
 orchids occupy hanging baskets in this house; the lily house (18 
 X 33 ft.) is devoted largely to lilies, amaryllids and other plants 
 requiring similar cultural conditions. It is expected that in time 
 provision will be made to make the part of the campus about 
 the plant house a botanical garden and that further provision 
 w'ill be made for a laboratory greenhouse for the use of the de- 
 partment oi botany. 
 
 BOTANICAL STUDENTS' JOURNAL CLUB, The— is an 
 organization of juniors, seniors and graduate stvidents, of the 
 department of botany, for the review of current botanical litera- 
 ture. 
 
 BOTANY MUSEUM — The general herbarium numbering about 
 2o,000 specimens and comprising the series of plants collected by 
 the state botanist; an alcoholic collection of material for dissec- 
 tion; a collection of woods of Minnesota; a limited series of car- 
 boiKferous and cretaceous fossil plants, including the Lesquereaux 
 collection from the Minnesota River localities. 
 
 BOTHNE, Gisle Christian Johnson — Born September 7, 1860, 
 Prederickshald, Norway. Educated in gymnasium of Frederick- 
 .s-haid; I>uth,er College, Decorah, Iowa, 1878; Noithwestern Univer- 
 sity, Watertown. Wis., 1S79. also .Johns TToplvins; one year in 
 Europe. Head professor of Greek and Scandinavian, Luther Col- 
 lego. 1SS1-1907; associate professor of Scandinavian, T'^niversity of 
 Minnesota, May, 1907; head of department, Octooer, 190)7. Son 
 of Professor Thrond .1. Bothne. a well-known Norwegian scholar 
 and writer. Author of History of Uuther College. 1897; contribu- 
 tions to the Norwegian papers in the I'nitiMl Suites; "Language 
 of Modern Norway" in publications of the Modem Language Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 BOUTELL, Fannie C. — Pr?ceptress of the school of agricul- 
 ture, lOO.'j to date. Also instructor in English and social culture. 
 
 BOWEN, Edgar C, Capt., U. S. A.-— Professor of military sci- 
 ence and ra. tics, 1881-83.
 
 42 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 BOW EN, James — Instructor in horticulture and superintendent 
 of the horticultural department. Born in Bodenham, England, 
 October 3, 1843. He was apprenticed at an early age at the New 
 botanical gardens of which his uncle was manager. After serv- 
 ing his apprenticeship he went to Dublin, where he had charge of 
 the government gardens. In 1875 he came to Chicago, and for six 
 years had the management of the Chicago botanical gardens. In 
 1881, he became connected with the University. Died May 20, 1883. 
 
 BOYS' DORMITORY— This building was erected for the school 
 of agriculture in 1903, at a cost of $40,000. 
 
 BRACKEN, Henry Martyn— Born February 27th, 1854, at Nobel- 
 town, Pa. Early education in public schools and Eldersridge Acad- 
 emy. Medical departments of the Universities of Michigan, Col- 
 umbia, and Edinborough. Professor of materia medica and thera- 
 peutics from 1888 to 1907. Professor of preventive medicine 1907-. 
 Author of Outline of Materia Medica and Pharmacology; Thera- 
 peutic Notes; Disinfection and Disinfectants; Numerous papers 
 In various publications upon medical and sanitary topics. 1010 
 Fourth street southeast. 
 
 BRADY, W. J. — Demonstrator in charge of the dental infirmary 
 and technical teaching, 188-8-1890. 
 
 BRAZIE, Henry W. — Born in Ohio, in 1845. Graduate of Grand 
 River College, '61. Served in tne war, and was discharged as 
 captain. Graduate of Cleveland Homeopathic College, 1871. Presi- 
 dent of the State Lunacy Board, and Chairman of the Board of 
 Health of Minneapolis. One of the founders of the Minnesota 
 homeopathic medical college in 1SS6. Secretary of the college of 
 homeopathic medicine and surgery, from its establishment, in 1888 
 to 1892, dean 1892-93. Professor of paedology. Resigned in 1893. 
 In active practice in Minneapolis at the present time. 
 
 BREDA, O. J.— Bom at Horton, Norway, in 1853. In 1870 he 
 passed the first, and in 1871 the second examination at the Royal 
 University of Christiania, and there commenced the study of 
 classical philology. In 1873 he came to the United States and en- 
 tered the German Concordia Seminary, of St. Louis, Mo., where 
 he pursued the study of theology till the summer of 1875. He 
 then took charge of a Norwegian Lutheran congregation in St. 
 Paul, Minn. Two years later he resigned this charge and accepted 
 a call to the Norwegian Lutheran College at Decorah, Iowa. Be- 
 fore entering upon his new duties he spent two years studying 
 classical and modern pbilology at the University of Christiania. 
 From 1879 to 1882 he taught Latin and Norwegian in the Lutheran 
 College, and then resigned and returned to Norway. After an- 
 other year spent at the University of Christiania, he was appointed 
 to a position in the Gymnasium of Skien, Norway, which he, tiow- 
 ever, resigned upon being tendered the newly created professorship 
 of Scandinavian languages and literatures in the University. With 
 the permission of the regents in this institution he spent another 
 year in Christiania, and entered upon his duties here in the fall 
 of 1884. Besides meeting all the duties Incumbent upon the head 
 of the Scandinavian department. Professor Breda had sucess- 
 ful charge over many classes in Latin. As a lecturer. Professor 
 Breda was in great demand. In 1884, when he came to the Uni- 
 versity he organized a volunteer corps of cadets and aroused much 
 enthusiasm among the students in this line of work. 
 
 BREN, Joseph D. — Born January 27th, 1874, at Hopkins, Minn. 
 Early education in public schools of Hopkins; Minneapolis Central 
 high school; three years at the University. General business ex- 
 perience. Chief accountant July 1899 to 1902. Cashier 1902 to date. 
 2438 Grand avenue.
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. 
 
 43 
 
 BREWER, Flora E.i— Instructor in Latin, 1897-98. 
 
 BREWER, William H. — Professor of agriculture in Tale, lec- 
 turer on stock breeding, 1882-83. 
 
 BREWSTER, Florence — ^Librarian of the school of agriculture, 
 1892-1900. 
 
 BREWSTER, Henry Webb — Instructor in mathematics, school 
 of agriculture, 1890-92; assistant principal and assistant professor 
 of mathematics, 1892-93; in charge of the school, 1893-94; princi- 
 pal of school of agriculture and professor of mathematics, 1894- 
 1900. 154 Higgins avenue, Chicago, 111. 
 
 BRIGGS MEDAL, The — See Briggs prize in foundi-y practice. 
 
 BRIGGS PRIZE IN FOUNDRY PRACTICE— For the encourage- 
 ment of studies in foundry practice, Mr. O. P. Briggs, Commis- 
 sioner of the National Foundrymen's Association, Detroit, Mich., 
 offers $75 annually, in two prizes, which are to be accompanied 
 by gold medals. The competition is open to sophomores in the 
 college of engineering, and the prize awarded for the best essay 
 relative to the subject. No prize will be awarded if less than 
 five essays are submitted in competition. Essays contain about 
 3,000 words, and must, be submitted to the professor of rhetoric 
 on or before May 1st of each year. Awarded to C. F. Bohm, 1st 
 and H. V. Fuller, 2nd, in 1902; to R. A. Lundquist, 1st and Robert 
 Morris, 2nd, 1903; H. C. Estep, 1st, and S. G. Harwood, 2nd, with 
 honorable mention for T. C. Morris. Not awarded 1904, '0'5, '06, '07. 
 
 BRIGGS, Warren S. — Professor (homeopathic) of clinical sur- 
 gery, 1888 to date; now senior professor of same. Etnst building, 
 St. Paul. 
 
 BRIM HALL, John B. — Clinical instructor in orthopedic surgery 
 1902 to date. Moore building, St. Paul. 
 
 BRIM HALL, S. D. — ^Lecturer on veterinary surgery and materia 
 medlca, 1890-92. 
 
 BROOKE, William Ellsworth — Bom October 7th, 1870, at Minier, 
 111. B. C. E. University of Nebraska, 1892; M. A. '96; graduate work 
 at the University of Chicago. Taught in the University of Ne- 
 braska for three years; Omaha high school four years; instructor 
 in mathematics, University 1901-05; assistant professor, 1905 to 
 date. Member of the American Mathematical Society; member of 
 Circolo Mathematico di Palermo; member of the Society for the 
 Promotion of Engineering Education; Sigma Xi; Sigma Zeta. 
 Author of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry (with G. N. Baiuer). 
 405 Oak street southeast. 
 
 BROOKS, Jabez — Born September 18th, 1823, England. Ele- 
 mentary education in English schools; Rock River Seminary, Mount 
 Morris 111.; Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn.; B. A., 1850; 
 M. A., 1853; D.D., 1864. Teacher, private, district and classical 
 schools, preparatory school and college; University of Minnesota, 
 1869 to date. Member of Normal School Board; Agricultural College 
 Board; president, Minnesota Educational Association; president of 
 Haml'ine University, 8 years. Author of Introduction to Attic Greek. 
 1708 Laurel avenue. 
 
 BROOKS, L. May — Assistant in library since 1898, cataloger. 
 1708 Laurel avenue. 
 
 BROWN, Edna Jeraidine (Mrs. S. W. Batson). — General secre- 
 tary of the Y. W. C. A., 1905-06. Mrs. Batson now lives at 2722 
 Park avenue, in this city. 
 
 BROWN, Edward J. — Acting professor of materia medlca and 
 pharmacology, 1907 to date. Syndicate block.
 
 44 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 BROWN, Frederick V. — Lecturer on chattel mortgages, 1897- 
 1900. Judge of the district court of Hennepin county. 
 
 BROWN, John C. — Born August 30, 1876, Carthage, Mo. Edu- 
 cated in Carthage high sctoool; University of Minnesota; Stanford 
 University, 1899. Teacher, high school, FuUerton, Cal. ; San Diego, 
 Gal., Normal school; demonstrator in zoology, Hopkins Seaside 
 Station, 1898-1899. Instructor in zoology and comparative anat- 
 omy, University, 1900-'07; assistant professor of animal biology, 
 1907 to date. 934 Fifteenth avenue southeast. 
 
 BROWN, Rome G. — Born June 15, 1862. A. B. Harvard, mag- 
 num cum laude. Admitted to bar, Vermont, 1887. Practicing law- 
 yer. Special lecturer on water rights, college of law, 1907 to date. 
 1918 Queen avenue south. 
 
 BRUDE, Julia — Instructor in sweet curd cheese work, 1902-05. 
 
 BRYANT, Charles S.— St. Peter— Regent 1870-1875. 
 
 BUCKHAM, Thomas S.— Faribault— Regent 1876-1887. 
 
 BULL, Alvah M. — Instructor in drawing and farm buildings, 
 1904 to date. 
 
 BULL, Coates Preston — Bol-n Oct. 11, 1872, Edina Mills, Minn. 
 Educated in common schools, school of agriculture, University; 
 Teacher and experimenter; assistant in agronomy, Illinois College 
 and Station, Urbana, 111., 1901; assistant in agriculture, University, 
 1902; assistant professor of agriculture in College of Agriculture 
 and assistant agriculturist, Minnesota Experiment Station, 1907 to 
 date. Author of press bulletins; press articles; bulletin on corn 
 breeding now in press; treatise on flax, Bailey's American Encyclo- 
 pedia of Agriculture; bulletin on bromus inermis and bulletin on 
 flax now in preparation. 2137 Commonwealth avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 BUNN, Charles W.— Lecturer on suretyship, mortgages and 
 practice in the United States Courts. 1888-1895. From 1904 to date, 
 special lecturer. General counsel for the N. P. Ry. 
 
 BURCH, Edward P. — Assistant in physics, 1890-91. Graduate 
 of the college of engineering, 1892, now consultinig engineer in the 
 city. Member of the board of directors of the General Alummi As- 
 sociation. 
 
 BURCH, Frank E. — Clinical assistant in diseases of eye and ear, 
 1907 to date. Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 BURGAN, J. H.'— Assistant in dermatology, 1899-00. 
 
 BURGER, C. C. — Assistant in chemistry, experiment station, 
 1890-91. 
 
 BURGESS, Amelia \. — Instructor in freehand drawing, 1891-1901. 
 Now Mrs. Leo M. Crafts, of this city. 
 
 BURGESS, Florence E. — Registrar's oflfice, assistant, since 1906. 
 B. A., University, 1906. 814 Fourth street southeast. 
 
 BURKHARD, Oscar C— Instructor in German, 190i2-190i6; leave 
 of absence, studying in Europe, 1906-0i8. 
 
 BURT, David, St. Paul — Regent, ex-ofHcio 1875-1881, superin- 
 tendent of public instruction. 
 
 BURTON, Frank — Demonstrator of anatomy, 1891-92. 
 
 BURTON, Richard— Born March 14th, 1859, at Hartford, Conn. 
 A. B. Trinity; Ph. D. Johns Hopkins. Taught \01d English at 
 Johns Hopkins; professorial lecturer, University of Chicago; chair 
 of English, University, 1898-1902; 1906 to date; has been managing 
 editor of the New York Churchman; literary editor of the Hart- 
 ford Courant; associate editor of Warner's Library of the World's 
 Best Literature. Has published five volumes of verse and four
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 45 
 
 of pi-ose, the latest, 1907-08. "The Evolution of the Modern 
 Novel" and a vblume of lyrics, "Peace on Earth.'' Member of the 
 Boston Authors' Club; New York Authors' Club; Delta Kappa Ep- 
 silon; American Modern Laiiguage Association. The Hampton, 
 2109 Blaisdell avenue. 
 
 BUSH, Ethel Estelle — Bom at Dover, Minn., In 1882. Dover 
 grades and hig'h school; Winona normal school; partial course at 
 University; assistant instructor in English, school of agriculture, 
 since 1900. 1119 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 BUSSEY, William Henry— Born October 24th, 1879, Chicago. 
 Finished the Chicago public schools in '96; A. B., Northwestern 
 University, '00; M. A., Harvard, '02; Ph. D., Chicago, '04; Taught 
 in the University of Chicago summer schools of 1903, '04; in acad- 
 emy of Nortli-western University, '04-'05; Barnard College, Columbia 
 University, '05-'07. Assistant professor of mathematics, 1907 to 
 date. Author of Generational relations for the abstract group 
 simply isomorphic with the group; Finite projective geometries; 
 Galois field tables. Fellow in iiiathematics. University of Chicago, 
 1902-04. 728 Fourth street southeast. 
 
 BUTLER, Pierce, St. Paul — Appointed regent June 15th, 1907. 
 Term expire.s March, 1910. Born in Dakota county, Minn., March 
 17th, 1866; graduated from Carleton College, 1887; studied law in 
 St. Paul, assistant county attorney, Ramsey county, '91-'93; county 
 attorney, '93-'97; general practice, '97-'99; firm of How & Butler; 
 general attorney for C. M. & St. P. Ry., '00-'0'5; member of firm 
 of How, Butler & Mitchell; member of the board of directors of 
 St. Paul public library; president of the Ramsiey county bar asso- 
 ciation. Fire & Marine building, 1347 Summit street, St. Paul. 
 
 BUTNER, Anna M. — Instructor in physical culture for women, 
 since IhOO. 1915 Portland avenue. 
 
 BUTTERS, Frederic K., M. S. — Instructor in botany and prac- 
 tical pharmacognosy, 1901 to date. 815 Seventh street south. 
 
 CADY, LeRoy — Born January 9th, 1879, at Buffalo, Mmn. 
 School of agriculture, 1900; college of agriculture, 1907; taught 'in 
 school of agriculture 1903 to date; college of agriculture, 1906 to 
 date. Department of horticulture, experiment station; appointed 
 assistant horticulturist 1907. Address, experiment station, St. An- 
 thony Park, Minn. 
 
 CAHILL, Thomas — Instructor in rhetoric, 1905-1907. 
 
 CAINE, W. A. — Deeturer (homeopathic) medicine and surgerv, 
 
 1901-02. 
 
 - CALAIS, Albert I.— Instructor in French, 1895-98. Descended 
 frOm a Hugtienot family, a native of Normandy, ana a graduate of 
 the University of France. Sen-ed in the Fi-anco-German war, 
 later went to Hingland where his ready command of English se- 
 cured for him; important posts at Brighton, Stony Stratford, and 
 later at Wellington, a Royal college which prepares students for 
 tne army and for the universities. There he became 'instructor to 
 several members of the royal family of England, was offered a 
 life tenure. Declining this offer, however, he accepted the chair 
 of French Language and Diterature at the University of Adelaide. 
 South Australia, which he held for six years. Author of a number 
 of text books on French. 
 
 CALHOUN, Frederick D. — Instructor in rhetor'ic, 1905-07. Grad- 
 uate of tlie University, class of 1907. Now in business in Seattle, 
 Wash. 
 
 CAMERA CLUB, The— An organization of instructors and stu- 
 dents interested in photography and photographic chemistry. Close- 
 Iy,.identifled with thq department of chemistry.
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 The heavy lines around blocks across University avenue from 
 the campus indicate property which It was hoped could be pur- 
 chased. There is no hope of securing these blocks in the near 
 future and it is hardly probable that the money available for the 
 purpose will allow of the purchase of much property between 
 Church and Howard streets.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 47 
 
 CAMPBELL, Gabriel — Professor of moral and intellectual phil- 
 osophy and instructor in German from 1869 to 1880. Member of 
 the first University faculty. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Robert Allen— Born December 27th, 1868 at De- 
 troit, Mich. Graduated high school, Alexandria, Minn., 1887; aca- 
 demic student one year; College medicine and surgery, 18%; 
 assistant in diseases of nose and throat, 1897 to 190(4; clinical in- 
 structor, 1904 to date. Four years' experience in civil engineering 
 work. Author of various magazine articles upon diseases of the 
 nose and throat. 844 Andrus building. 
 
 CAMPUS — The first purchase of land for the present site was 
 made by the University, October 21st, 1854, twenty-five and one- 
 third acres being purchased at that time of Paul R. George and 
 Joshua Taylor. A mistake was made in making out this deed and 
 to correct the same a new quit claim deed was made by Calvin 
 Tuttle, who quit-claimed the land intended to be conveyed in 
 the previous aeed, on July 21st, 1856. The quit-claim deed covered 
 twenty-seven and eight-one-hundredths acres. This piece of land 
 was bounded on the south by the section line running eighty-nine 
 rods from the east bank of the Mississippi river, thence 39% 
 degrees west to a point approximately at the corner of the present 
 intersection of 14th and University avenues southeast, thence 
 back to the river on a line conforming very closely with the pres- 
 ent railroad tracks. The consideration paid by the regents was 
 $6000, $10i>0 in cash advanced by friends and $5000 in notes se- 
 cured by mortgage, bearing 12 per cent interest. So rapidly did 
 the land increase in value, that the legislature, which met the same 
 year of the purchase, authorized the regents to borrow $15,000 se- 
 cured on the land purchased for $6,000. 
 
 No additions were made to the campus until the legislature of 
 1877 appropriated $18,000 to enlarge the campus. At that time, 
 Thatcher's addition was purchased and a part of the land which 
 now lies north of the Great Northern tracks. Two years later 
 tne legislature made another appropriation for increasing the cam- 
 pus, $20,000 being given for the purpose, and following year, 1880, 
 $20,000 more was appropriated for the same purpose. With thl3 
 money ihe purchase of the land to the north of the Great Northern 
 tracks, fsave a little strip, on eleventh avenue, 26 1^ by 181 feet, 
 which was afterward contributed by Mr. S. H. Chute) and four 
 and. one-half blocks bordering the south side of the campus, ex- 
 tending to Arlington street. In 1903, the legislature appropriated 
 $11,000' for the purchase of more land and for grauing the campus. 
 With this money was purchased four lots in block 3, part of the 
 land now enclosed in Northrop Field. Governor Pillsbury, before 
 his last illness, had begun the purchase of the lots in this block 
 and his heirs gave six lots in this block to carry out what they 
 knew to be his wishes. The city council' voted to vacate Arlington 
 street from the river to Harvard street and to vacate Union street 
 from Arlington to University avenue for the benefit of the Uni- 
 versity. See Campus extension. With the appropriation of 1907 
 for the purchase of more land for the campus, the state has spent 
 $525,000 for this purpose. 
 
 CAMPUS EXTENSION— The legislature of 1907 appropriated 
 $450,000 for purchase of additional land for the campus. The al- 
 umni of the college of medicine and surgery, assisted by the fac- 
 ulty of that college, raised $50,000 by private subscription, to pur- 
 chase a site for the Elliott hospital, giving a clear half million 
 for additional land. The board of regents have settled upon the 
 purchase of the Mocks bounded by the campus. Union street, the 
 river and Washington a.venue and blocks bounded by Church
 
 48 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 street, "Washington avenue and the rivei-. The Park Board owns 
 a wide boulevard along the river bank which will be,, for all prac- 
 tical purposes, a part of the campus. , If. this land_ can be secured 
 and the streets vacated, it will add nearly fifty acres, or nearly 
 double tne size of the present campus. 
 
 CAMPUS QUARTET — One of the most famous of 'Varsity mu- 
 sical organizations. Edward J. Borncamp, Episcopal clerg>-man ot 
 Winona, Minn.; Harry O. Hannum, Congregational clergyman, of 
 Holyoke, Mass.; George L. Huntington, a physician, of St. . Paul; 
 John W. ir^owell, a Methodist clergyman, of Duluth, were the mem- 
 bers of ttiis quartet and were all members of the class of 1893. 
 
 CAREL, Hubert C. — Instructor in cnemistry, department of 
 medicine, 189.5-1898; assistant professor of chemistry, 1898 to 1904; 
 professor of chemistry, 1904-07. 
 
 CARLSON, John S. — Professor of Scandinavian languages and 
 literatures, 1899-1907. Born in Frodinge, Sweden, Nov. 9th, 185.. 
 Came to America at age of sixteen. Graduated Gustavus Adolphus 
 (^St. Peter, Minn.) 1881. Augustana (Rock Island, 111.) 1885. Stud- 
 ied two years in Sweden and tooK his Ph. D. in 1887. Professor 
 of history and philosophy in Gustavus Adolphus college eleven 
 years. Lecturer, editor, and contributor to many magazines and pa- 
 pers; very prominent in church work and member of many church 
 and educational boards. Author of "Om filosofien i Amerika," 1887; 
 Swedish Grammar and Reader, 1907. Member of the American 
 Academy of Political Science; American Statistical Association; 
 Swedish-American Historical Association. 
 
 CARR, A. B. — Instructor in medical chemistry, 1905 to date. 
 
 CARR, W. Frank — Instructor in civil engineering, 1884-85. 
 
 CASTALIAN LITERARY SOCIETY, The — Organized November 
 11, 1896 and slill in existence. 
 
 GATES, Abraham Barker — Borii May 12th, 1854, at East Vas- 
 salboro, Maine. A. B. Colby, 1874; M. D. Harvard, 1880- Princi- 
 pal of Cerryfleld, Me., high school, 1874-77. Adjunct professor 
 of obstetrics, 1888-;. later clinical professor of obstetrics and 
 then professor of obstetrics. 2824 Park avenue. 413 Pillsbury build- 
 ing, 
 
 GATES, John F.— Engineer, 1894-1903. 
 
 CENTRAL DEBATING CIRCUIT OF AMERICA, The— In 1906, 
 the universities of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois and Ne- 
 braska Organized a debating league, the constitution of which 
 provides that each university shall have two teams, one on the 
 afflrmative and one on the negative of the question which is to be 
 the same for alLthe Universities in the league, 'me affirmative is 
 always supported by the home team and the negative by the visit- 
 ing team. On April 5th, 1907, Minnesota" debated with Illinois at 
 St. Paul, ai'd Iowa at Iowa City. In December, 1907, Minnesota 
 met Wisconsin at Madison and Nebraska at Minneapolis, in 1909 
 Tllinois at Champaign and Iowa at Minneapolis; in 1910, Wis- 
 consin at Minneapolis and Nebraska at Lincoln. 
 
 The result of the first series of debates was that Minnesota 
 won from l)oth her opponents, Iowa at Iowa City and Illinois in 
 the House of Representatives, bt. Paul. Wisconsin likewise won 
 both her debates. Iowa and Nebraska lost both debates, while Illi- 
 nois won and lost one. The question discussed was — "Resolved 
 that the cities of the United States should seek the solution of 
 the street railway problem through private ownership." 
 
 The result of the second debate, held December 13th, 1907, was 
 that the affirmative won in every case, each college in the league 
 winning one^nd losing one. The question argued was — "Resolved,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNEJSOTA. 49 
 
 that the Federal government should have absolute control of all 
 corporations doing an interstate business, constitutionality 
 granted." 
 
 CENTRAL DEBATING LEAGUE, The — ^Was composed of the 
 debating associations of the University of Michigan, the University 
 of Minnesota, Northwestern University, and the University of Chi- 
 cago. Its purpose is to discuss in puolic leading questions of the 
 day and to develop ready and forceful speakers. The four uni- 
 versities were arranged in two groups for the semi-final debates. 
 Which were neld tue second Tuesday in January. On the nrst 
 FViday in April in each year, the winners from the groups met in 
 a final debate in tlie city of Chicago. Minnesota withdrew from 
 this league in lu06 and proceeded at once to organize the new 
 Central debating circuit of America. 
 
 CHAMBER MUSIC CONCERTS'— A series of concerts devoted 
 to the interpretation of classical composers, offered during the 
 season of 1894-95. Miss Elizabeth Cushman presided at the piano, 
 Mr. Heinrich Hoevel, played the violin and Dr. Clarence Strachauer, 
 the 'cello. The concerts were arranged by Professor Harlow 
 Gale, who, on each Friday afternoon, preceding the concerts, gave 
 a lecture on the psychology of music. The lectures were partly 
 historical and biographical, and in addition a demonstration of the 
 anatomy and physiology of hearing, an outline of the psychology 
 of music and some experimental and statistical work in rhythm, 
 melody, and harmony. 
 
 CHAPEL EXERCISES — From, its very beginning down to date, 
 the University authorities have conducted daily religious services. 
 In the early days attendance was required, but since about 1885 at- 
 tendance has been voluntary. The exercises have always consisted 
 of a short scriptural selection and prayer. University notices are 
 given at these exercises and frequently prominent men and women 
 talk to the assembled students. Naturally the attendance is largely 
 froin the so-called academic department of the University, but on 
 special occasions students from all departments fill the chapel to 
 oversowing. 
 
 CHAPMAN, Herman H. — Superintendent of the sub-station at 
 Grand Rapids, 1897-02; instructor in forest exploitation, 1902-04. 
 
 CHANCELLOR' — This office was provided for under the organi- 
 zation which obtained from Februarj' 14, 1860. to March 4, 1864. 
 Rev. Edward D. Neill was the only person holding this office. 
 
 CHASE, Raymond P. — Instructor in rhetoric, 1904-05. Graduate 
 of the University, class of 1903. Afterward law student and now 
 manager of the Anoka Herald. 
 
 CHEMICAL Laboratory Building — This building was erected in 
 1890, for the use of the department of chemistry and physics, and 
 was remodelled in 1902, when the department of physics vacated 
 the building. The first cost of the building was $81,.iOn: the co.=t 
 of remodelling was $8,000, making the total cost practically $90,000. 
 The building has a frontage of 190 feet and provides for the de- 
 partment of chemistry, with its various laboratories, lecture rooms, 
 amphitheatre seating 345 students, offices, seminar room and class 
 rooms, storage and preparation rooms, -dark rooms, etc. It is 
 constructed of a romanesquo brick of light reddish yellow tint 
 with iron spots. L. S. Buffington was the architect. 
 
 CHEMISTRY Museum — Considerable space is given to a collec- 
 tion in industrial, technical and applied chemistry. There is a 
 large collection of chemicals, with specimens of each in. the va- 
 rious stages of preparation and purification; a collection -6t- nearly 
 all the elements, with most of their important salts; a large num-
 
 CQ DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 ber of m'ining and metallurgical specimens, including most of the 
 important ores, together with many rare specimens in crystallog- 
 raphy. The collections of coals and petroleums are especially valu- 
 able for lecture and technical work. There is a large collection of 
 dyes, organic and inorganic, mordants, textiles, and other mate- 
 rials used in dyeing and bleaching, with a rapidly increasing col- 
 lection of clays and materials used in making of glass, earthen- 
 ware, porcelain and brick. A collection of furnace products, models 
 and series of charts, blue prhits and photographs illustrating a 
 wide range of technical and chemical processes is being added. 
 
 CHEMISTRY, The School of — This school did not exist, as an 
 independent organization until 1903. Prior to that time it existed 
 as an attachment to some other college. Provision was originally 
 made for instruction in a complete course, in 1891, when the col- 
 lege of engineering was re-organized and made the college of engi- 
 neering, metallurgy and the mechanic arts. In the course of study, 
 as then established, there was a full four-year course in chemistry 
 but It was not until the following year that the first student elected 
 this course. When the re-organization of 1895 took place, the 
 school of chemistry was established as the school of technical and 
 applied chemistry and was made a subsidiary organization in the 
 college of science, literature and the arts. It existed in this way 
 until 1903 when it was made a separate organization, with ita 
 own faculty and dean and independent in the government of its 
 internal affairs. George B. Frankforter, Ph. D., professor of chem- 
 istry, was made dean. The school of chemistry, as it is now known, 
 offers three courses of study, courses in analytical and applied 
 chemistry, the former affording preparation for teachers, analysts 
 and general scientists; the latter is really an engineering course 
 and is intended to fit men to become manufacturing and applied 
 chemists or chemical technologists. The third course is a fivb 
 year course leading to the degree bachelor of arts and bachelor of 
 science, in chemistry. The degrees granted by this school are 
 bachelor of science, in chemistry and bachelor of science, in chem- 
 ical engineering. The enrollment for 1906-07, 60; graduates, 25 men 
 and 1 woman. The faculty includes twelve professors, seven as- 
 sistant professors, seven instructors and eleven as.«istants. 
 
 CHENEY. L. S. — Instructor in agricultural botany, 1903-04. 
 
 CHEYNEY, Edward G.— Born November 24, 1878, Washington, 
 D. C. Washington high school; A. B., Cornell, 1900; 1904-05, In 
 Yale Forestry School. Tutored for one year; student assistant in 
 bureau of forestry, one and one-half years. Assistant in forestry. 
 University, 1905-07; assistant professor of forestry, 1907 to date. 
 2116 Knapp street, St. Paul. 
 
 CHI PSI — The oldest fraternity at the University. Alpha Nu 
 chapter established 1874. Lodge located at 1515 University avenue 
 southeast. National fraternity established in 1841, at Union Col- 
 lege. 
 
 CHORAL Union — A musical organization winch was founded in 
 1893 by Fraulein Schoen-Rene. The first concert was given May 
 1, 1894, at the Coliseum and May 2, at the Peoples' Church, S(t. 
 Paul. At these concerts, Nordica, Hegner and Wetzler, assisted. 
 June 2, the same year, a grand concert was given in the Coliseum. 
 During the year 1894-95, chamber music concerts were provided, 
 under the direection of Professor Gale. November 29, 1895, the 
 choral union gave a concert at the old exposition building at which 
 Melba, and other world-famous artists appeared. On December 
 14, 1896, at the T.,yceum and the next evening at the People®' 
 Church, In St. Paul, the union gave concerts, at which Madame 
 Lillian Nordica-Doehme and Charles Gregorowitsch appeared on
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 5 1 
 
 tha program. May 17, and 18, of the following year, the great May 
 festival was held. At this concert Madame Blauvelt, Mrs. Blood- 
 good, Mt. Bertliald, Mr. McKinley, Mr. Mayn, and Sig. Campanari, 
 Mr. Morenhaut, Miss Little, Miss Stewart, Miss Spencer and Mme. 
 Calv^, were soloists. November 22, 1897, occurred the long to 
 be remembered Blauvelt concert, at the Lyceum. Anton Hegner, 
 the celloist, assisted. The records do not s'how any later activity 
 of this organization. 
 
 CHOVVNING, William M.— Junior demonstrator of pathology and 
 bacteriology, 19U1-04. 
 
 CHRISTIANSON, Peter — Instructor in assaying, 1891-92; Instruc- 
 tor in metallurgy, 1S92-1905; assistant professor of assaying, 1905- 
 date. 
 
 CHRISTISON, James Trent — Clinical instructor in diseases of 
 children, 1897-1901; clinical professor of same, 1901-1906; professor 
 of same, 190lj to date. Endicott Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 CHUTE, Richard, St. Anthony, IVlinneapolis — Regent August 
 17, 1863-March 4, 1864, also 1876-October 20, 1881. Secretary of the 
 board for a number of years. 
 
 CIVIL Engineering IVIuseum — The department is collecting sam- 
 ples of road material typical of the various localities of the State, 
 and leading materials used in street paving, such as granite, trap 
 rock, brick and asphaltum. A set of standard sections of steel 
 and wrought iron is provided for illustration in the study of struc- 
 tural design. 
 
 CLARKE, George E. — Professor of tneory and praJctice of (liome- 
 opathic) medicine, 1894-05. 
 
 CLARK, Greenleaf — Appointed to the board of regents, by Gov- 
 ernor Pillsbury, December 15, 1879, vice Morris Lamprey, deceased. 
 He was reappointed in 1880, 1883, 1886. 1889, 1898. He was elected 
 president of the board, vice John S. Pillsbury, deceased, December 
 10, 1901, and held tliat oflTice until the day of his death, December 
 7, 1904. 
 
 Greenleaf Clai-k was born August 23, 1835. He was of Puritan 
 descent, the son of Nathaniel (the seventh of that name in direct 
 line) and Betsy (Brickett) Clark. Judge Clark was fitted for coN 
 legc in Atkinson academy, in New Hampshire, and entered Dart- 
 mouth colleg-e in 1851, graduating in liS55. He graduated from 
 nar\-ard law college in 1857 and was admitted to the Boston bar. 
 He came to Minnesota in 1858 and for thirty years was engaged 
 in the active practice of his profession, attaining an enviable posi- 
 tion as recognized leader of the State bar. For a year he was a 
 member of the supreme court of Minnesota having been appointed 
 to the position to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Judge Cor- 
 nell. See Weekly of December 16, 1901. 
 
 CLARK, John S. — Born February 25, 1849, in Nova Scotia. Com- 
 mon schools of Nova Scotia, preparatory and academic depart- 
 ments of the University, A. B. '76. Two years graduate work at 
 Leipsig. Taught for four years in common schools of Nova Scotia; 
 assistant librarian of the University, 1874-77; instructor in Latin, 
 1876-80; assistant professor, 1880-1886; professor, 1886 to date. 729 
 10th avenue southeast. 
 
 CLARK, Thomas A. — Instructor in mathematics and civil engi- 
 neering, 1899-01. Born in Iowa, 1876. Graduated from Purdue 
 University. 1897 with the degree of B. S. Served as assistant in 
 Civil Engineering at Purdue for two years and took his degree 
 of C. E. in 1899.
 
 52 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 CLASS Day Plays — The custom of giving a class play usually in 
 a theatre was begun by the class of 1891, when they gave their play, 
 A picture of 'Varsity life, at the University chapel, June 2, 1891; 
 May 31, 1892, Helen, Paris and the Apple, at the Grand; 1893; the 
 Princess, adapted from Tennyson; June 4, 1894, "Wheels, or J ufashy- 
 foamalafe, Peoples' theatre; June 3, 1895, Olympia up to date, at 
 the Metropolitan; June 1, 1896, Idyllia, at the Lyceum; May 31, 
 1897, Mr. Cramlet of Goribattledor, at the Lyceum; May 31, 1898, A 
 bachelor girl of laws, at the Lyceum; 1899, Rediviva; or. The return 
 of college spirit; June 4, 1900, 17 to 6; June 2, 1901, When bugles 
 blow, at the Lyceum; June 2, 1902, The Oneoga, the story of the 
 magic stone, at the Lyceum; June 1, 1903, A sovereign and a cop- 
 per, at the Metropolitan; May 28, 1904. The apple of discord, at 
 the Metropolitan; June, 1905, The pledgeling, at the M'etropolitan; 
 June 9, 1906, A check from home, at the Metropolitan; June 7, 
 1907, The braino man, at the Metropolitan. Prior t'o 1891 the 
 senior class had given a program, usually in chapel, including a 
 class oration, prophecy, history, poem, songs, etc. 
 
 CLASSICAL Museum — Includes material illustrating classical 
 geography, topography, chronology, mythology, archaeology, and 
 ueen collected, consisting mainly of plans and charts, casts, pic- 
 torial illustrations, facsimiles of manuscripts ajid inscriptions. 
 
 CLASS Memorials — Reserved for fuller treatment in a later 
 edition. 
 
 CLASS of 1890 Fellowship — This fellowship was awarded in 1901 
 for the year 1901-02, to Charles E. Stangeland, who spent the year 
 in Germany. 
 
 CLEMENTS, Frederick Edward—Born September 16, 1874, Lin- 
 coln, Neb. Lincoln high school, '90; University of Nebraska, '94; 
 Master, '96; Ph. D., '98; fellow in botany, 1894-96; instructor in 
 same, 1896-98; adjunct professor and associate professor, same, 
 1898-1906; professor plant physiology, 1906-07; president of botanical 
 seminar, 1894-07; secretary of the botanical survey, 1894-0'7; presi- 
 dent of Nebraska Academy of Science, 1907; professor of botany, 
 University, 1907 to date. Author of Histogenesis of Caryophyllales, 
 1897; Phytography of Nebraska, 1898; second edition, 1900; Manual 
 of High School Botany, 1900; Greek and Latin in Biological Nomen- 
 clature, 1902; Development and Structure of Vegetation, '04; Re- 
 search Methods in Ecology, 'Q5; Plant Physiology and Ecology, 
 '07; also many articles for current botanical magazines. Phi Beta 
 Kappa, Sigma Xi; Botanical Society of America; the American 
 Geogra,phicaI Association; the American Mycological Society. 800 
 Fourth street southeast. 
 
 CLINICAL Building — Located at 1810 WasTiington avenue south, 
 1. e. just across the rtver from the University campus. It was 
 erected in 1899 at a cost of $15,000 and has been improved since. 
 Its location in a thickly settled portion of the city provides ample 
 outdoor service and it contains laboratories, examining rooms, 
 amphitheatres, drug rooms and treatment rooms. It is a two story 
 brick building with high basement and is 40x150 feet. 
 
 CLINICAL Opportunities in Medicine — Senior students in medi- 
 cine keep a record of all cases observed during the year, the fol- 
 lowing is not an exceptional case. Cases obser^'ed by a single 
 senior — 128, of internal medicine; 39, diseases of children; 144, gen- 
 eral surgery: 35, orthopedic surgery; 72. mental and nervous dis- 
 eases; 104, skin and genito-urinary diseases; 40, nose and throat; 
 38, diseases of women; 59, eye and ear; 9, obstetrics; total. 668. 
 
 CLOPATH, Henrietta — Born and educated in Switzerland. Tra- 
 velled extensively In Europe studying art at Dresden, Munich, and
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 53 
 
 other art centres. Seven years head of the art cepartments of 
 the American college in Constantinople. Instructor in freehand 
 drawing 1897 to date; in charge of the depa,rtment since 1903. Writ- 
 er and lecturer on art subjects. Had a picture accepted by the 
 Nationa". juiy of election for the St. Louis World's Fair, 1904. 
 Made a special study of methods of art education in the United 
 States, attending summer schools at Chicago, New York and the 
 normal art school of Columbia University. 701 Delaware street 
 southeast. 
 
 CLOUGH, David M., Minneapolis — Regent ex-ofRcio, governor 
 January 31, 1895-Jaiiuary 2, 1899. Born in Lyme, N. H., 1846. 
 Came to Minnesota at tlie age of ten. Engaged in farming till 
 1873, when he moved to Minneapolis to devote himself to the 
 lumbering business. Elected to the State Senate in 1886, and 
 lieutenant governor in 1895. Became governor in 1895 upon the 
 resignation of Governor Nelson. 
 
 CLOYD, David E. — Instructor in pedagogy, 1900-02. Graduate of 
 the University, class of 1901. Since then engaged in educational 
 work at \arious places, now at Ogden, Utah. 
 
 CLYDE, IVIrs. M. C. — Professional nurse, college of dentistry, 
 1906 to date. 
 
 COBB, Frederick E. — Assistant in technics and clinics, college 
 of dentistry, 1895-96. 
 
 COBB, Sheridan Grant — Born August 14, 1862, at Cascade, Minn. 
 District school of Cascade, Niles' Academy, Rochester, Hahnemann 
 College, Chicago, 1884; New York Polytechnic, 1894; Chicago Clinical 
 School. 1898; Vienna General Hospital, 1900. Taught district school. 
 Assistant in Homeopathic clinical medicine, 1903, clinical surgery, 
 1904; clinical gynecology, 1905 to date. Founded Cobb Hospital 
 1902. Surgeon for the G. N. Ry., N. P. Ry., W. C. Ry., C. & G. 
 W. Ry., C. R. I. & P. Ry., C. M. & St. P. Ry., C. M. & O. Ry., Soo 
 Ry., and formerly attending surgeon to the Children's Home So- 
 ciety of Minnesota. 366 Prior avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 COHEN, Lillian — Born June 19, 1878, Minneapolis. Early edu- 
 cation grade and high schools of city. B. S. University, 1900; M. 
 A. '01; one year of graduate work in chemistry at Eidgenos Poly- 
 technic, Zurich, Switzerland. Taught one year 'in high school. 
 Instructor in chemistry, 1902 to date. Sigma Xi; Phi Leta KJappa, 
 American Chemica.1 Society. 415 East Fourteenth street. 
 
 COLE, Gordon E., Faribault — Appointed regent 1888, continued 
 In office until his death, October 4, 1890. Lecturer on corporations, 
 1888-90. 
 
 COLE, Hadyn, S., 1st Lieut., U. S. A. — Professor of military 
 science and tactics, 1900-03. Now in business in St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 COLISEUM — This building was erected in 1884, at a cost of $35,- 
 000. It was officially known as The Military Building, but was 
 popularly known as the Coliseum. It was so constructed as to 
 serve the purpose of a drill hall and auditorium, and would seat 
 comfortably three thousand five hundred people. It was entirely 
 of wood construction and was burned July 24, 1894. The cut which 
 appears elsewhere gives a better idea of the building than any 
 verbal description can give. Mr. Buffington was the architect. 
 
 COLLEGE Court Prize — This prize was offered by Judge A. C. 
 Hickman, of the law faculty, and consisted of $25 worth of stand- 
 ard books on the subject of procedure, and was awarded to that 
 member of the graduating class who should write the best legal 
 argument upon a given iegal proposition. This prize was awarded 
 to Ransom J. Powell, in 1898; to John N. Berg, in 1899; and to 
 Frank G. Sasse, in 1900.
 
 54 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 COLVIN, A. R. — Assistant in surgery, 1900-1903; clinical in- 
 structor in surgery, 1903 to date. Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 COMFORT, Catherine — Instructor in Englisli, school of agricul- 
 ture, 1901-03; instructor in English and preceptress, 1903-05. Now 
 professor of English, Pomona College (Calif). 
 
 COMMENCEMENT Addresses and Speakers — The first com- 
 mencement speaker was the Honorable A. S. Welch, EL. D., 
 president of Iowa State Agricultural College, who spoke upon 
 "Higher education in its transition state." This address was in 
 addition to orations by each of the two members of the class. When 
 the custom of having members of the graduating class deliver ora- 
 tions on commencement day was discontinued in 1899, President 
 Northrop dehvered the address and has since delivered the ad- 
 dress in 1900. 1902. The addresses for the remaining years have 
 been delivered by the following named gentlemen, 1903, Andrew S. 
 Draper, LL.D., president of the University of Illinois; 1903, James 
 Brooks Dill; 1904, Thomas Wilson, member of the Board of Re- 
 gents; 1905, Knute Nelson, United States Senator; 1906, Harry Pratt 
 Judson, LL. D., President of the University of Chicago; 1907, Wil- 
 liam H. Taft, Secretary of War. 
 
 COMMENCEMENT, The First University — An account of the 
 first University commencement is published in appendix "A" of tne 
 regents' report for 1873, pages 45 to 52. 
 
 COMPANY Q — A company of young women who wore a, military 
 costume and who pursued a modifled form of the military drill pre- 
 scribed for young men. T'his company was organized in 1889 and a 
 picture of the company may be seen by consulting the Gopher of 
 1890, opposite page 127. 
 
 COMSTOCK, Alfred Erwin — Born February 21, 1872, Fayette, la. 
 Graduate Fayette high school; B. S. Upper Iowa, 1895; M. S. '98; 
 Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, 1899; taught in common 
 schools, high school one year, and demonstrator in chemical labora- 
 tory Hahnemann, for three years. Lecturer on clinical and ortho- 
 pedic surgery ('homeopathic) 1898 to 190*1; professor of renal sur- 
 gery, 1901. Author of Pathology vs. diagnosis; Race division and 
 its influence upon derivation and temperament; Some experiments 
 with paraftiii. A study of bluod in surgical diseases. Visiting 
 surgeon to the City and County Hospital, St. Paul; president of the 
 Minnesota State Homeopathic Institute, 1907; president of the St. 
 Paul Homeopathic Hospital Club, 1906; ex-president of the Homeo- 
 pathic Society. 416 New York Life Building, St. Paul. 
 
 COMSTOCK, Ada Louise — Born December 11, 1876, Moorhead, 
 Minnesota. Moorhead high school, 1892; University, 1892-1894; 
 B. L., Smith College, 1897; Moorhead Normal School, 1898; M. A., 
 Columbia, 1899; Sorbonne and college de France, 1903-1904. As- 
 sistant, Department of rhetoric, 1899; instructor, 1900; assistant 
 professor, 1904; dean of women, 1907. Member of Delta Gamma; 
 Pill Kappa Psi, of Smith College; Association of Collegiate Alum- 
 nae; Woman's Club of Minneapolis; Alumnae Associations of Sm'th 
 College and University of Minnesota. "The Concord." 
 
 COMSTOCK, Elting Houghtallng — Born June 26, 1876, Mil"wau- 
 kee, Wis. B. S., Wisconsin, 1897; Oliver Graduate Scholar, Cornell, 
 1897-9S; Follow in mathematics, Chicago, 1898-99; Honorary fellow 
 in mathematics, Wisconsin, 1899-1900; M. S., University, 1907. 
 Taught in high school, Superior, Wis., 1900-01; principal of Hougli- 
 tbn, Mich., h'igh school, 1901-03; superintendent of same, 1903-06. 
 Instructor :n mathematics school of mines, 190-3 to date. 1530 
 Como avenue southeast.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 55 
 
 COMSTOCK, S. G., Moorhead' — Appointed regent as the last 
 official act of Governor Van Sant, January, 1905. Term expires in 
 March, 1908. Born May 9, 1842, Argyle, Me. Educated in com- 
 mon schools and hampden Academy, Me., and Wesleyan Seminary. 
 Admitted to bar in 1S71. County attorney of Clay county, 1872-78; 
 member of Minnesota House of Representatives, 1875-82; member 
 of Senate, 1882-88; Congressman from 5th Minnesota district, 1889- 
 81. Member of state normal board. 
 
 CONDIT, William Henry— Born August 4, 1872, Jersey, Ohio. 
 B. S., University, 1896; M. D., 1899. Instructor in materia medica, 
 University, 1896-07; instructor in therapeutics, 1907 to date. 1018 
 Fourth street southeast, 827 Andrus building. 
 
 CONDITIONS at the University— W. F. Webster, 1886, principal 
 of the east high school of Minneapolis read a paper before the Six 
 O'clock Club of the city in the early spring of 1906. This paper 
 was repeated, by special request, in the University chapel, later in 
 Lhe spring. It was reprinted in the Minnesota Alurnrii Weekly of 
 May 21 of that year. This address was one of the factors re- 
 sponsible for the strenuous campaign for an increase of salaries 
 ol University professors, which was made by the alumni in 1907. 
 CONGRESSIONAL LAND GRANTS — In his second message to 
 the legislature, in 1851, Governor Ramsey recommended the estab- 
 lishment of a University and added — "As an endowment of a Uni- 
 versity will also naturally, in this connection, attract your attention, 
 it might be proper to further memorialize Congress for a grant of 
 100,000 acres of land, applicable and available, at a future day, for 
 this most desirable object. The propriety of urging, at this time, 
 the request, arises from the importance of making early selection, 
 with a view to securing a fair proportion of choice lands." This 
 memorial was passed on the 10th of February and Congress passed 
 an act upon the 19th of the same mOntii, granting two townships 
 for this pui-pose. The University received from this grant, 46,468.- 
 35 acres of land. Of this amount 15,410.85 acres were sold by the 
 regents, under authority of the acts of 1864 and 1866, to pay the 
 debts of the territorial institution. So this grant, netted the Uni- 
 versity 31,057.5 acres. The second grant, by act of Congress ap- 
 proved .July 2d, 3 862, gave the state 120,000 acres for' the endow- 
 ment and support of an agricultural college,' including instruction 
 in mechanic arts and military science. This grant was first given 
 to the agricultural college which had been established in McLeod 
 county, and was afterward, by the act re-organizing the University,' 
 approved February 18th, 1868, granted to the University. These 
 lands were chosen and certified to the University as follows: 
 68,928.08 acres at the minimum or single value, mentioned in the 
 act. and 25.511.20. at double the minimum value, counting as 
 51,022.40 acres, making the total 119,950.48 acres, under the terms 
 of the grant. The third grant, being really the second grant in 
 point of time of the act of Congress making the same, was that 
 provided for in the enabling act authorizing the people of the 
 territory to set up a state government, passed Februai-y 26th, 1857, 
 which granted two townsliips for the endowment of a state uni- 
 versity. The interior department ruled against the University, on 
 this grant, and it was hot until the pas.=age of another act of 
 Congress. July 8th. 1870. that this grant was made available for 
 the endowment of the University. Afterward, there was another 
 ruling of the interior department, in which it was held that since 
 9,764.60 acres of the .territorial grant had not been selected and 
 certified, until after the admis.=ion of the state into the Union, 
 this amount should be charged against the second grant, reducing 
 tne number of acres available under that grant. t'O 37,079.24. This
 
 56 DICTIONAUT OF THE 
 
 ruling was later overruled, for the University finally received 
 45,661.14 acres. 
 
 Owing probably to the fact that the records of the early days 
 were not kept with sufficient exactness, many pieces of land 
 chosen by the regents were afterwards entered by settlers and 
 the settlers were given the preference in the matter and the 
 regents were afterwards allowed to select other lands to replace 
 those lost in this way. Many thousands of acres of land had to 
 be thus duplicated. 
 
 The total amount received from the National Government for 
 the endowment of the University is thus 186,&68.77 acres. In 
 securing the second grant of two townships, the regents employed 
 an attorney, named Beard, to lobby the bill through Congress 
 and also made appropriations of land to pay for his services. 
 This matter was finally settled by vote of the regents, September 
 3rd, 1872. This action of the regents was authorized by joint reso- 
 lution of both houses of the legislature, approved February 18th, 
 1867. So that the amount available for an endowment for the 
 University, was but 184,568.77 acres. The latest report of the 
 state auditor shows that the University has received from the two 
 grants to the University, $818,110.51. There has been received from 
 the agricultural land grant, $570,747.50. Making a total of $1,388,- 
 858.10. Of the agricultural land grant but 40 acres remain unsold. 
 Of the University grants, 34,603.67 acres remain unsold. 
 
 This immense fund came from the following sources: Sales of 
 lands, $816,892.00; forfeitures, right of way, etc., $15,064.36; stump- 
 age $494,672.81; mineral permit and leases, $63,444.00; royalty on 
 iron ore, $462.20; transfer from state institutions fund, $7,292.73, 
 transfer from internal improvement land fund, $150; profits on sale 
 of bonds, $900.00. See also Mineral lands and leases. 
 
 CONSTANT, Frank Henry— Born July 26, 1«69, Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 Educated in public schools. Woodward high school of Cincinnati; C. 
 E., University of Cincinnati, 1891. Instructor in structural engri- 
 neering. University, 1895; assistant professor of structural engineer- 
 ing, 1895-1S07; professor 1897 to date. Also assistant engineer, 
 King Bridge Co., 1891-1893; structural engineer, Osborn Engineering 
 Co., 1893-1895; various other professional engagements during vaca- 
 tions. Member Sigma Xi; Beta Theta Pi; American Society of 
 Civil Engineers, Society for the Promotion of Engineering Educa- 
 tion. Author of engineering pai>ers for eng'lneering periodicals. 
 1801 University avenue southeast. 
 
 COOK, Estelle — Partial course in University. Instructor in Eng- 
 lish, school of agriculture since 1905. 
 
 COOKE, Louis Joseph — Born February 15th, 1868, Toledo, Ohio. 
 Public schools of Toledo; private instruction, two summer sessions 
 1. M. C. A. Training school, Springfield, Mass.; M. D., University 
 of Vermont Medical Department, 1894; eight years Y. M. C. A. 
 physical drector; director of the University gymnasium since 1897. 
 909 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 COON, George M. — Clinical instructor In genito-urinary diseases, 
 1895 to date. Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 CORNISH, W. D. — Lecturer on life and fire insurance, 1888-1894. 
 
 CORSON, Juliet — Lecturer on domestic economy, 1883-84. 
 
 COVELL, Grant A. — Instructor in mechanical engineering and 
 woodworking, 1888-89. 
 
 COX, Norman J. — Instructor in operative dentistry, 1905 to date. 
 Masonic Temple. 
 
 CRAFTS, Lettle May — Born Minneapolis. Educated in public 
 schools; B. L., University, 1881; graduate study along historical and
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 57 
 
 linguistic lines; special course in library science. Teacher, Albert 
 Lea High School; assistant librarian, University of Minnesota, 
 1883 to date. Member of Phi Beta Kappa; Minnesota Library Asso- 
 ciation president. 190€-(y7; Twin City Library Club; American 
 Library Association; Board of Directors, Minneapolis Public Li- 
 brary. lSOO-06; secretary of board, 1903-07. Author of papers read 
 before the Minnesota Library Club and Woman's Council. 124 
 Thirteenth street south. 
 
 CRAIG, George — Instructor in animal husbandry, school of agri- 
 culture, since 1905. 
 
 CREDICOTT, H. J. — ^Assistant Instructor in cultures and 
 .starters 1903-05; instructor in dairy manufacture, 1905 to date. 
 
 CROOKSTON EXPERIMENT STATION BUILDINGS— The 
 buildings at this station consist of a- comfortat)le farm house, 
 a stock and grain barn and some minor buildings. The total 
 cost being $5,000. The school of agriculture which wa^ estab- 
 lished at this place in 1905, is provided with buildings, as follows. 
 School building, at $15,000; dormitory and dining hall, $50,000 
 and an industrial building, $15,000, provided for by appropriation 
 of the legislature of 1907, and to be erected during the year 1908 
 and 1909. The legislature of 1907, also made an appropriation of 
 $1,000 for additions to the dwelling house and barn. 
 
 CROSS, John Grosvenor — Born May 8, 1870, Rochester, Minn. 
 B. S., University of Minnesota, 1892; M. D., Northwestern Uni- 
 versity, 1895; M. S., 1895. Clinical instructor in medicine. Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota. Address, 422 Ridgewood avenue, 610 Pills- 
 bury building. 
 
 CROSS, Nellie M.'— Instructor in physical culture, 1895-97. Now 
 Mrs. T. M. Knappen of this city. 
 
 CUTTS, Rollin E. — Assistant in surgery, 1895-97; assistant In 
 clinical medicine, 1897-98; clinical instructor in obstetrics, 1898- 
 99; clinical instructor in gynecology, 1899-02. Died, March 19th, 
 1902. 
 
 CUZNER, Edwin Anthony — Superintendent of plant houses and 
 grounds, 1883-date. 
 
 DAIRY HALL — Erected in 1891 at a cost of $30,000. It Is 69 
 X 122 feet, and contains the dairy operating and recitation rooms, 
 the offices of the dean, secretary, professor of agrriculture and 
 assistant, and professor of dairy husbandry and assistant. The 
 building is two stories high, with basement, and is built of red 
 pressed brick. 
 
 DAKIN, W. W. — Instrument maker, college of engineering, 
 
 1895-98. 
 
 DALAKER, Hans H. — Instructor In mathematics, 1902-06. On 
 leave of absence, 1906-08, studying at Cornell and acting as in- 
 structor. 
 
 DALRYMPLE, Oliver, St. Paul— Regent 1872-74. 
 
 DARTT, E. H. S. — Superintpndent of the Owatonna experiment 
 station, 1887 to date. 
 
 DART, Leslie O. — Assistant in pediatrics 1902-06; clinical assist- 
 ant in diseases of children, 1906 to date. Masonic Temple. 
 
 DAVIS^ Cushman K., St. Paul — Governor of the State and ex- 
 officio regent 1874, 1875. Appointed regent 1883 and re-appointed 
 three times serving until January 1898. Lecturer on Internationaa 
 law 1895-00. Bom in Henderson, N. Y., in 1838. Graduated from 
 Michigan University in 1857. Served during the Civil War. Came 
 to Minnesota In 1864. Appointed U. S. District Attorney In 1868,
 
 ^8 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 Governor of Minnesota in 1874. Elected to the U. Si Senate in 
 1887, re-elected so that he served continuously to date of his 
 death, November 27, 1900. 
 
 DAVIS, F. C. — Assistant in surgery, 1899-01. 
 
 DAVIS, Herbert W. — Clinical instructor in obstetrics, 1895 to 
 date. 
 
 DAWSON, Charles A. — Dispensary assistant, 1901 to date. 
 
 DAY, Lester W. — Assistant in medicine, 1901-04. 
 
 DEAN OF WOMEN — This office was established by resolu- 
 tion of the board of regents at its December, 1906, meeting. The 
 dean of women is to be the friend and adviser of every young 
 woman in the University needing such help as a wise, cultured 
 and sympathetic woman can give. Professor Ada Comstock was 
 elected dean at the May, 1907, meeting of the board of regents. 
 
 DEBATE — Debate has always been a prominent feature of the 
 work of the literary societies of the University. In the very 
 becinnins, ".vhen there were but the two literary societies, the 
 Delta Sigma and the Hermean, these societies used to hold joint 
 debases, sometimes as often as four times a year, while the 
 weekly programs of the societies provided, almost always, for 
 a debate. 
 
 The first intercollegiate debate was held May 26, 1893, w'itli 
 the University of Iowa, in Minneapolis. Several debates were held 
 with Iowa and Wisconsin, without any formal organization of 
 any kind to back the Minnesota teams, which teams were com- 
 posed of volunteers who were willing to devote what little time 
 used to be devoted to the preparation for a debate. In 1896, 
 the federated literary societies took up the subject and formed 
 plans for the choosing of debaters to represent the University. 
 This rather loose form of organization and supervision was kept 
 up until 1898 when the University debating board was formed 
 and plans made for s'ifting the material available for debg/te un- 
 til the best material was secured to make up the teams to rep- 
 resent the University. See University Debating Board. 
 
 DEBATES WITH CHICAGO — Minnesota has met Chicago in 
 debate three times, as members of the Central debating league, 
 January 14, 1899. Minnesota, represented by E. F. McGinnis, A. J. 
 Finch, and W. M. Jerome, were defeated, at Chicago, while up- 
 holding the affirmative of the question, "Resolved, That United 
 States senators should be elected by direct vote of the people." 
 
 January 10, 1901, Minnesota won from Chicago, while upholding 
 the negative of the question "Resolved, That the action of the 
 United States' in granting the franchise to the negro was hasty 
 and ill advised." The debate was held at Minneapolis and Minne- 
 sota was represented by Hugh J. McClearn, B. F. Drake, Jr., and 
 W. I. Norton. 
 
 January 21, 1905, Minnesota lost to Chicago, at Chicago. Min- 
 nesota was represented by G. Loevinger, J. P. Devaney, and B. 
 C O'Brien, who upheld the negative of the question. "Resolved, 
 That the United States should continue its present policy of op- 
 posing the combination of railroads." 
 
 DEBATES WITH ILLINOIS — The University has 'held but 
 one debate with Illinois, that of Apr'il 5, 1907, this being the first 
 debate in the new series planned by the Debating Circuit of Amer- 
 ica. Minnesota upheld the affirmative of the question, "Resolved, 
 That the "ities of the United States should seek the solution of 
 theif street railway problem through pr'ivate ownership." The 
 debate was held iri the House chamber of the Capitol building.
 
 UNIVERSIT\ OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 59 
 
 St. Paul, and Minnesota was represented by John P. Devaney, 
 Srtanley B. Houck, and C. Richard Thompson, and won the decis- 
 ion by two to one. 
 
 DEBATES WITH IOWA'— The University has held thirteen 
 annual debates with representatives of the State University of 
 Iowa. The first was held in 1893, May 26, at Minneapolis. The 
 question debated was "Resolved, That the United States govern- 
 ment should own and operate the telegraph system." In this 
 debate Minnesota was represented by A. M. Berseth, Thomas Mc- 
 Elligott, and Williaim A. Godward and had the affirmative. Iowa 
 won. 
 
 In 1895 there was no debate held. May 15, 1896, Minnesota 
 was represented by E. F. McGinnis, L. T. savage, and G. Sidney 
 Phelps. The debate was held in Minneapolis and Minnesota had 
 the affirmative of the question, "Resolved that it would be de- 
 sirable for American cities of 5000 or more inhabitants to organize 
 and administer their own local government, subject only to the 
 constitution of the state; and that the legislative powers of the 
 state should not be exercised in such a way as to interfere with 
 the plain .and obvious purpose of the measure." Iowa won. 
 May 17th, 1897, the debate was held at Iowa City and Minne- 
 sota's representaitives were R. W. Nelson, Hubert Russell, and 
 W. D. Lane, who stood for the affirmative of the question, "Should 
 the United States senators be chosen by direct vote of the peo- 
 ple?" Iowa won. 
 
 In 1894, Minnesota upheld the affirmative of the question, 
 "Resolved, That international bimetallism is correct in theory and 
 can be applied in practice." Minnesota had the affirmative and 
 was represented by E. P. McCaffrey, W. T. Coe, and F. E. Green. 
 The debate was held at Iowa City and Minnesota won. 
 
 May 13th, 1898, the debate was held at Minneapolis and Minne- 
 sota was represented by S. C. Scott, W. B. Stewart, and W. C. 
 Hodgson. Minnesota stood against the proposition, "Resolved, 
 That the United States should regularly raise a part of her rev- 
 enue by a graduated income tax, the constitutionality of which 
 shall not enter into the discussion." Iowa won by a vote of 2 to 1. 
 May 11, 1899, Minnesota was represented by N. N. Bergheira, 
 R. A. Lee, and Elizabeth Graham, who stood for the a/ffirmative 
 of the question, "Resolved, That the United States should con- 
 tinue the policy of territorial exipansion." Iowa won by a vote 
 of 2 to 1. 
 
 In May, 1900, Minnesota supported the negative of the question, 
 "Resolved, That all disputes between organized labor and organ- 
 ized capital should be settled by compulsory arbitration." Minne- 
 sota was represented by W. M. Jerome, J. B. Ormond, James Mc- 
 Intyre, with J. P. Simith, as alternate. This team won a unani- 
 mous decision. The debate was held 'in chapel. 
 
 March 8th, 1901. at Iowa City, Minnesota w^as represented by 
 Owen P. McElmeel, H. B. Gislason, and P. J. Thompson. The 
 question was, "Resolved. That it is unwise for the state to tax 
 personal property," and Minnesota stood for the resolution. Iowa 
 won. 
 
 March 27th, 1902, Minnesota supported the affirmative of the 
 question, "Resolved, That the United States should permanently 
 retain possession of the Philippines." Minnesota was represented 
 by O. A. Lende, O. P. McElmeel, and A. L. Janes. The debate 
 was tield at Minneapolis and Minnesota won. 
 
 April 24th. 1903, Minnesota upheld the affirmative of the ques- 
 tion, ■ "Resolved, That the adjudication of disputes between em- 
 ployers and employees should be made a part of the administra- 
 tion of justice — granted, that special courts with appropriate rules
 
 60 DICTIONARY Ot THE 
 
 of procedure may be established if desirable, and granted, that 
 labor unions may be required to incorporate, if necessary." The 
 debate was held at Iowa City and Minnesota was represented by 
 I. A. Churchill, W. O. Williams, and H. L. Wildey. Iowa won. 
 
 February 26fh, 1904, the debate was held at Minneapolis and 
 Minnesota was represented by R. P. Chase, I. W. Choate, John P. 
 Devaney, winning the debate while upholding the affirmative of the 
 question, "Resolved, That the United States should now perma- 
 nently abandon the protective policy." 
 
 March 3d, 1905, Minnesota was represented at Iowa City, by 
 R. P. Chase, Jesse G. Steenson, Bernard Robinson. The decision 
 was a tie. Minnesota had the affirmative of the debate upon the 
 question, "Resolved, That freight rates in the United States 
 should be fixed by government authority, constitutionality not to 
 be considered." 
 
 February 23d, 1906, Minnesota upheld the negative of the 
 question, "Resolved, That the United States should establish a 
 fiscal protectorate over any West Indian, Central or South Amer- 
 ican Republic that s'hall manifest a chronic failure to meet its 
 foreign financial obligations. Granted: that neither these repub- 
 lics nor any other nation would object," and was represented by 
 J. P. Devaney, E. A. Robinson, Gustavus Loevinger. Minnesota 
 won. 
 
 April 5th, 1907, at Iowa City, Minnesota upheld the negative of 
 the question, "Resolved, That the cities of the United States 
 should seek the solution of the street railway problem throug"!* 
 private ownership," and won the unanimous decision of the 
 judges. Minnesota was represented by Algernon Colburn, Michael 
 Doherty, and Albert G. Evans. This was the first time Minne- 
 sota met Iowa as a member of the new debating circuit. 
 
 DEBATES WITH M ICHIGAN— The University has held four 
 debates with Michigan, as members of the Central debating 
 league. April 6th, 1900, Minnesota had the negative of the ques- 
 tion, "Resolved, That the economic advantages of trusts are 
 sufficient to justify their existence under the law." This debate 
 was held at Chicago and Michigan won. Minnesota was repre- 
 sented by J. A. Burger, O. P. McElmeel, a;nd H. B. Gislason. 
 
 January 11, 1901, the debate was held at Ann Arbor and Mich- 
 igan won. Minnesota supported the negative of the question, 
 "Resolved, That it is unwise for the state to attempt to tax per- 
 sonal property," and was represented by O. A. Lende, A. L. Janes, 
 and James Mclntyre. 
 
 January 16th, 1904, Minnesota upheld the negative of the ques- 
 tion, "Resolved, That the adjudication of disputes between em- 
 ployers and employees should be made a part of the administra- 
 tion of justice — granted, that special courts with appropriate 
 rules of procedure may be established if desirable, and granted, 
 that labor unions may be required to incorporate, if necessary." 
 Minnesota was represented by I. A. Churchill, Philip Carlson, 
 and Jesse G. Steenson. The debate was held in Minneapolis and 
 Michigan won. 
 
 April 4, 1902, at Chicago, Minnesota won over Michigan, op- 
 posing the permanent retention of the Philippines. Minnesota 
 was represented by Hugh J. McClearn, Benjamin Drake, Jr., and 
 Willis I. Norton. 
 
 DEBATES WITH NEBRASKA— December 13th, 1907, Minne- 
 sota, represented by Harold Deering, Algernon Colburn and Stan- 
 ley B. Houck, met the team representing Nebraska in the Uni- 
 versity chapel and won while uptiolding the affirmative of the 
 question, "Resolved, That the federal government should have
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. gj 
 
 exclusive control of all corporations doing an interstate business." 
 The vote was two to one for ihe afflrmative. 
 
 DEBATES WITH NORTHWESTERN UNI VERSITY— Minne- 
 sota has met Northwestern Univeisity in debate three times, as 
 members of the Central debating league. January 12th, 1900, in a 
 debate held in Minneapolis, Minnesota upheld the negative of the 
 question, "Resolved, That the Gothenburg system, modified, of 
 controlling the liquor traffic offers the best solution of the liquor 
 problem in this country, modification to be the Inclusion of malt 
 liquors and government ownership by each state," and won the 
 debate. Minnesota was represented by J. A. Burger, O. P. Mc- 
 Elmeel, and S. E. Moon, W. W. Massee was alternate. 
 
 January 16, 1903, at Chicago, Minnesota upheld the affirmative 
 of the question, "Resolved, That the importation of Chinese la- 
 borers into our insular possessions snould be prohibited," and 
 lost the achate. Minnesota was represented by R. P. Chase, D. 
 L. Grannis, E. C. Lundeen. 
 
 January 19th, 1906, at Minneapolis, Northwestern won^RIinne- 
 sota was represented by Theodore Christiansen, C. R. Thomp- 
 son, and S. B. Houck, upholding the affirmative of the (luestion, 
 "Resolved, That the United States snould establish a fiscal pro- 
 tectorate over any West Indian, Central or South American Re- 
 public whenever it shall manifest a chronic failure to meet its 
 foreign financial obligations, granted that neither these repub- 
 lics nor any otner foreign nation would object." 
 
 DEBATES WITH WISCONSI N— Minnesota has met Wiscon- 
 son seven times in debate. April 20th, 1894. at Madison, Minne- 
 sota had the negative of the question, "Resolved, That the com- 
 plete exclusion of foreign immigration for a period of ten years 
 would be preferable to a continuation of the present freedom 
 of immigration for the same period. Minnesota was represented 
 by Carl Fowler, Charles E. Adams, and Warren W. Pendei^ast. 
 Wisconsin won by a vote of 2 to 1. 
 
 May 24th, 1895, Minnesota won the debate held at Minneapolis. 
 Minnesota was represented by F. L. Anderson, B. L. NewkirK, 
 and Elizabeth Beach, who upheld the negative of the question, 
 "Resolved, That United States senators should be elected by di- 
 rect vote of the people." 
 
 April 14th, 1896, at Minneapolis, Minnesota was represented 
 by A. H. Lee, J. B. Miner, and E. A. Snow, who upheld the af- 
 firmative of the question, "Would it be sound policy for congress 
 to legalize contracts for the division of competitive freight earn- 
 ings of railroad companies engaged in inter-state commerce: pro- 
 vided, that all such pooling contracts shall be filed with the in- 
 terstate commerce commission, which shall 'have power to abro- 
 gate such contracts whenever, in the opinion of such commiss'ion, 
 said contracts are detrimental to public policy." Wisconsin won. 
 
 April 30th. 1897, at Minneapolis, Minnesota was represented 
 by J. U. Hemmy, C. H. Christopherson, N. N. Bergheim, who up- 
 held the negative of the question, "Resolved, That a system of 
 municipal government concentrating all executive and administra- 
 tive powers in the mayor should be adopted in cities of the United 
 States of over 40,000 inhabitants. Executive and administrative 
 powers shall be interpreted to Include the sole power to appoint 
 and remove all heads of departments and city officers (except 
 the treasurer and comptroller — the comptroller to have only the 
 powers of an accounting officer). All subordina.tes shall be ap- 
 pointed by- the heads of their respective departments, under civil 
 service rules, and may be removed for reasons other than politi- 
 cal. The mayor, the heads of departments, and the city officers
 
 62 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 in their respective capacities shall have power to make all con- 
 tracts, to purchase all material and supplies, to have charge of 
 the construction, improvement, extension, and management of 
 all public streets, works and property; to grant all licenses and 
 franchises subject to the confirmation of the common council; 
 to make all estimates for the following fiscal year, said estimates 
 not to be increased by the council." Wisconsin won. 
 
 May 1st, 1902, Minnesota had the affirmative of the question, 
 "Resolved, That railroad rates should be fixed by governmental 
 authority," Minnesota representatives were James Kane, J. B. 
 Laau, and R. C. Wedge. The debate was held at Wisconsin and 
 that university won. 
 
 May 8th, 1903, at Minneapolis, Minnesota was represented by 
 H. J. McClearn, Benjamin Drake, Jr., and R. P. Chase, and won 
 iiie debate while upholding the affirmative of the question, "Would 
 the relinquishment by the federal gov-ernment oi Its rights to 
 tax inheritances to the states exclusively, be preferable to the 
 relinquishment by the states of their rights to tax inheritances 
 to the federal government? It being mutually conceded: (1) that 
 all rights of taxation of inheritances now possessed by the states 
 or by the federal government can and will be transferred by 
 either to the other. (2) That the federal government stands in 
 need of revenue, and that the federal tax can become a law." 
 
 December 13th. 1907, the University, represented by Albert 
 G. Evans, Zenas L. Potter and Michael J. Doherty, met the team 
 representing Wisconsin, at Madison, Wis., and lost the debate 
 by a vote of two to one. Minnesota defended the negative of 
 the proposition. "Resolved, That the federal government should 
 have exclusive control of all corporations doing- an interstate 
 business." 
 
 DECKER, Calvin D.— Born August 18, 1858, Austin, Minn. 
 B. S., Carleton college, 1SS6. Teacher, purchasing agent and 
 secretary of the board of regents of the Universitj^ of Minne- 
 sota, 1905 to date. 3356 Park avenue. 
 
 DECKER, Wilbur F. — Instructor in shop work, drawing and 
 physics, 1881-1885. Now in business in the city of Minneapolis. 
 
 DEGREES — The University 'has conferred 6685 degrees upon 
 6010 persons, as follows: bachelors degrees — Arts, 1491 — men 693, 
 women 798; Science, 598 — men 446, women 152; Literature, 463 — 
 men 132, women 331; Philosophy, 10 — men 4, women 6; Civil 
 engineering, 48 — men only; Mechanical engineering, 22' — men only; 
 Electrical engineering. 23 — men' only; Science (in chemistry) 13 — 
 men 12, women 1: Science (in chemical engineering) 1 — man; 
 Mining engineering, 6 — men only; Science (in home economics) 
 4 — women only; Science, (in agriculture) 19 — ^men only; Science 
 (in forestrj-) 5- — men only; Agriculture, 31 — -men only; Laws, 1509 
 — men 1490, women 19; Medicine, 9 — men 8, women 1; Arts (in 
 education) 4 — 'men only; Architecture, 5 — men only; Science (in 
 engineering) 7 — men only; Masters degrees have been granted 
 as follows: Arts, 163 — men 96, women 67; Science, 62i — men 54, 
 women 8; Literature, 21' — men 10, women 11; Agriculture, 3 — 
 men only; T^aws, 163 — ^men 158, women 5; Pharmacy, 2— ^men only; 
 Engineers degrees have been granted as follows: Civil, 101 — men 
 only; Mechanical, 78— men only; Electrical, 134 — men only; Chem- 
 ical, 4 — men only; Mining, 10 — men only; of Mines, 85 — men only; 
 Metallurgical, 4 — men only; Chemists degrees have been granted as 
 follows; Analytical, 8 — men only; Pharmaceutical, 120 — 'men, 105, 
 women, 15. Doctors degrees have been granted as follows: Philos- 
 ophy, 37 — men, 33, women, 4; Medicine (regular) 843— men, 794,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNBSOTA. 63 
 
 women, 49; (homeopathic) 89 — men, 74, women, 15; Dental sur- 
 gery, 202 — men, 200, women, 2; Dental medicine, 210 — men, 206, 
 women, 4; Pharmacy, 75- — men, 69, women, 6. 
 
 DEINARD Samuel N. — Born January 25, 1872, Rossieny, Russia. 
 Educated at Elder von Lamel Schule, Jerusalem, Palestine; Teach- 
 ers' Normal Schf>ol, Cologne on the Rhine, Germany; B. A. De Puaw 
 University, 1897; M. A., University of Chicago, 1901; Ph. D., Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota; 1905. Preacher; teacher, evening and. reli- 
 gious schools; instructor, University of Minnesota, Semitic lan- 
 guage and literature, 1902-04; assistant professor, 1904 to date. 
 Author of The New Tear's Day and Day of Judgment of the Jew- 
 ish calendar; Contributions to the Journal of Semitic Languages 
 and Literatures and other periodicals. 1715 Fifth avenue south. 
 
 DE LA BARRE, William — Assistant in nose and throat dis- 
 eases, 1895-96. 
 
 DELTA CHI— Law fraternity. Established at Minnesota in 1892. 
 Founded at Cornell in 1890. 327 Fifteenth avenue soutneast. 
 
 DELTA DELTA DELTA — Theta chapter established in 1894. 
 Founded at Boston in 1S89. 312 Sixteenth avenue southeast. 
 
 DELTA GAMMA — Lambda chapter established in 1882. Founded 
 at Warren Female Institute in 1872. 1221 Fifth street southeast. 
 
 DELTA KAPPA EPSILON— Phi Epsilon chapter established in 
 1889. Founded at Yale, 1844. Chapter house 1711 University ave- 
 nue southeast. 
 
 DELTA PHI DELTA — Gamma chapter established in 1902. Law 
 fraternity'. 1214 Fifth street southeast. 
 
 DELTA SIGMA' — The first literary society organized at the 
 University. Organized November 22, 1867. The purpose of this 
 society was the promotion of general culture and training in de- 
 bate, oratory and literary work of various kinds and the promo- 
 tion of a spirit of goodfellowship among its members. This so- 
 ciety was disbanded in . 
 
 DELTA SIGMA DELTA — Dental fraternity. Theta chapter es- 
 tablished in 1892. Founded at Michigan in 1882. 303 Washington 
 avenue southeast. 
 
 DELTA SIGMA RHO, THE— See Forensic Honor League. 
 
 DELTA TAU DELTA— The third fraternity to be established at 
 the University. Beta Eta chapter established in 1883. Founded 
 at Bethany College in 1859. 1009 University avenue southeast. 
 
 DELTA UPSILON — Mu chapter established in 1890. Founded 
 at Williams College, 1834. 400 Washington avenue southeast. 
 
 DENNIS, Warren A. — Assistant in surgery, 1899-1903; clinical 
 instructor in surgery, 1903 to date. Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 DENNISON, Laura M.'— Instructor in drawing, 1893-94. 
 
 DENTISTY, The College of— In 1883. the board of directors of 
 the old Minnesota Hospital College, backed by the newly organized 
 state dental association organized a course in dentistry of two 
 years of five months each. This course was pursued in common 
 with medical students and the clinical work required for a diploma 
 was the treatment of two or more patients, one plate, one thesis 
 on an original subject and one mechanical specimen to be de- 
 posited in the museum. 
 
 When the college of medicine and surgery was re-organ"ized 
 in 1888 and the department of medicine was established as a 
 teaching instead of an examining institution, provision was made 
 for the establishment of the college of dentistry and a faculty 
 was appointed with Dr. Charles M. Bailey, as secretary, Dr. Mil-
 
 64 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 lard being dean of the department. The work of the college was 
 carried along for four years, in the old building at the corner of 
 ninth avenue south and sixth street, since occupied by Asbury 
 Hospital, and in 1892, the college came to the campus, witli other 
 colleges of the department and a re-organization took place which 
 gave the college larger freedom in the management of its own 
 affairs, and Dr. W. Xavier Sudduth was elected dean, which office 
 he held until 1895, when he was succeeded by Dr. Thomas E3. 
 Weeks, who was dean until 1897. The deanship was dropped for a 
 time and Dr. William E. Dickinson was made secretary, afterward, 
 in 18S9 being made acting dean; in 1900 he was made dean, 
 continuing in that office until 1905, when Dr. Alfred Owre, of the 
 class of 1894, M^as made dean, being the first alumnus of the Uni- 
 versity to be appointed to that ofHce. 
 
 This college course has always been a minimum of three years 
 and the entrance requirement has been raised, at various times, 
 so that it is now practically a full high school course, with the 
 demonstration of mechanical ability. In 1904, it was decided to 
 make the course a four-year course, and announcement was made 
 of the plan. However, the plan was never put into operation and 
 no class has ever been required to complete four years work for 
 a diploma. The work of the first year is quite similar to the 
 work of the college of medicine and surgery, the same subjects 
 are pursued but less time is devoted to the same and the time so 
 saved is devoted to subjects directly bearing upon the practice of 
 dentistry. The work of the second and third years is devoted ex- 
 clusively to subjects directly bearing upon dentistry. The tui- 
 tion required in this college is a level fee of $150 a year. The de- 
 gree granted is that of doctor of dental surgery, though from 1893 
 to 1902, inclusive, the degree granted by this college was that of 
 doctor of dental medicine. The college is a member of the Na- 
 tional association of dental faculties and its diploma is recog- 
 nized by the dental examining boards of every state in the union. 
 The faculty includes thirteen professors, three assistant profes- 
 sors, eighteen instructors, and eight lecturers, demonstrators, and 
 assistants. The enrollment for 1906-07 was 162. The college year 
 is co-incident with that of other departments of the University. 
 The college has granted 406 degrees, 400 to men and 6 to women. 
 200 of these degrees were doctor of dental surgery and 206 doctor 
 of dental medicine. 
 
 DENTON, Frederick W. — Associate professor of mining, 1895- 
 96; professor of mining, 1896-98. Native of New Jersey. Early 
 education at Charleston, S. C, including part of Wis college work. 
 Columbia School of Mines, 1889. Fellow in engineering, Columbia, 
 1889-90. In charge of departments of civil and mining engineering, 
 Michigan, 1890-92. Professor in same position, 1892-94. Mining 
 engineer, Minnesota Mining Company, 1894-96. 
 
 DERBY, Ira H. — Instructor in medical chemistry, 1903-1906; 
 demonstrator in same, 1906-07: assistant professor same, 1907 to 
 date. 
 
 DETWILER, Samuel Bertolet— Born September 18, 1881. Phoe- 
 nix\'ille. Pa. Educated, Tale Forestry School; B. S., in Forestry 
 University of Minnesota. Five years experience in work of U. S. 
 Forest Service; assistant professor in forestry. University of Min- 
 nesota, 1907 to date. St. Anthony Park. 
 
 DEWEY, John — Professor of mental and moral philosophy and 
 logic, 1S87-89. Now professor in the T^niversity of Chicago. B. A. 
 '79, University of Vermont; Ph. D. '84, John Hopkins; Phi Beta 
 Kappa.
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. 65 
 
 DICKINSON, William P. — Professor of operative dentistry and 
 dental therapeutics, 1891-92; professor of therapeutics and crown 
 and bridge work, 1892-94; professor of therapeutics and clinical 
 professor of operative dentistry, 1894-97; also secretary, 1897-98; 
 also acting dean, 1898-99; professor of materia medica and dean, 
 1899-1904; professor of materia medica, 1904-05. 
 
 DINING Hall— Erected in 1895, at a cost of $42,500, and re- 
 modelled and added to in 1906, to the extent of $10,000, is builc of 
 Milwaukee cream colored brick, three stories, 80x146 feet. The 
 first story contains roomy kitchens and a well lighted dining room, 
 capable of seating 450 persons. The upper stories contain dormi- 
 tory room for sixty-eight students. These are arranged 'in suites 
 of three, intended for two students, — a common sitting room and 
 two alcove bedrooms. 
 
 DIXON, Harry W.— Engineer, 1890 to date. 
 
 DODGE, James Albert — Born in Salem, Mass., in 1848. He 
 went through the regular course of public schools. Graduated 
 irom the Salem high school when fifteen years old. He entered 
 Harvard College in 1865 and pursued the classical course. He 
 graduated with '69, three years later took his degree of M. A. 
 0. aught one year as assistant in a private school for boys, in New- 
 port, R. I. For the next three years he held the position of sub- 
 master in the Salem high school, Mass. In the fall of 1873, went 
 to iilurope to study scientific specialties. He spent a half year 
 at the University of Berlin, in the chemical laboratory under the 
 direction of Hofmann; tnen a half year at the University of Heidel- 
 berg as a pupil of Bunsen, Kirchoff and Kopp. He next went to 
 i:.ngland and studied under Professor Roscoe for eight months, at 
 Owen's College, now known as Victoria University, Manchester. 
 In the summer of 1875 he returned home and taught one year 
 in the high school at Omaha, Neb. In the fall of 1876 he again 
 went abroad and spent six months at the University of Leipzig, 
 chieflj'- in the chemical laboratory, airecteu by Professor Kolbe. 
 In the spring of 1877 he went to Heidelberg again and remained 
 one year working in Professor Bunsen's laboratory. A year later 
 ne received the degree of Ph. D., summa cum laude. Returned 
 home, he became Professor of Natural Science in Baldwin Univer- 
 sity, at Berea, Ohio, where he remained for two years. In 1880 
 he was elected as professor of chemistry in the University. Re- 
 signed in 1893 to go west on account of his wife's health. 
 
 DONALDSON, Arls B. — Professor of rhetoric and English liter- 
 ature from 1869 to 1874. Deceased. Member of the first Uni- 
 versity faculty. 
 
 DONALDSON, Ronald S., Farmington — Appointed regent 1869, 
 re-appointed 1869, served to end of 1871. 
 
 DONNELLY, Ignatius, Ninninger — Regent ex-ofRcio, as lieuten- 
 ant-governor, February 14, 1860-March 3, 1863. 
 
 DO RIVI I TORIES— The policy of the University has been not to 
 provide dormitories for students, save for those attending the 
 school of agriculture, where conditions have made such a policy 
 almost imperative. 
 
 DORR Drinking Fountain, The — This fountain was erected in 
 1902 by Caleb D. Dorr, of Minneapolis. It is a graceful shaft of 
 granite mounted on a suitable pedestal of the same stone, de- 
 signed by Ernest Kennedy, Ex-'88. It is located at the Intersec- 
 tion of the driveways nearest the physics building a,nd about 
 equally distant from that building and the chemistry building. 
 
 DOWNEY, Hal.— Born October 4, 1877, State College, Pa. Edu- 
 cated in Minneapolis Public Schools; Realgymnasium I, Hanover,
 
 ^5- niCTIONAKY 'OF THE 
 
 Germans-; B. A., University of Minnesota, 1903; M. A., 1904. With 
 U. S. Army in the Philippines, 189i8-1899. Scholar in animal biol- 
 ogy, University, 1901-03; assistant, 191)3-04; instructor, 1904-07; 
 assistant professor, 1907 to date. 1206 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 DOWNEY, John F. — Born January 10, 1846, Hlramsburg, Ohio. 
 B. S., Hillsdale, 1870; M. S., same, 1873; M. A., same, 1877; gradu- 
 ate work at Michigan, 1871-72; C. E., State College, Pa., 1877; at- 
 tended lectures in mathematics at Universities or Edinburgh and 
 Goitingen, 1901-02. 11th Michigan infantry, 1864-6i5; instructor In 
 Hillsdale, 1870-71; principal of schools, Cassopolis, Mich., 1871-72; 
 proiessor of mathematics, State College, Pa., 1873-80; professor of 
 mathematics and astronomy, University, 1880-94; mathematics only, 
 1894 icT date; dean of the college of science, literature and the 
 arts, 1903 to date. Author of Higher Algebra; Elements of Dif- 
 ferentiation and Integration. Lecturer on scientlHc, educational 
 ^nd popular subjects. Member of the Mathematical Society; G. 
 A. R. ; Phi Beta Kappa. 825 Fifth street southeast. 
 
 DRAGON, The — An organization of men of the freshman class 
 for tne purpose of promoting good-fellowship. 
 
 DRAMATIC Club, The — An organization of students of the 
 University wno are interested in dramatic affairs ana who have 
 demonstrated dramatic ability. This organization gives one, or 
 more, plays annually, usually in some down-town theatre. The 
 Club has also taken short trips out into some of the larger cities 
 of the state for the purpose of presenting plays whicn have been 
 put on at home. Organized February 21, 1896. There seems to 
 have been some sort of a dramatic organization in existence, as 
 far back as the spring of 1892, but it is impossible to learn defi- 
 nitely about its doings. A play entitled "A Box of Monkeys" was 
 given in chapel in the spring of 1892, and it was at this play that 
 a fire was started which destroyed the top floor of the old main. 
 No record can be found of anything between this date and the 
 following: 
 
 In 1896, soon after the organization of the club, David Garrick 
 was given under the direction of Professors IvicDermott and Mc- 
 Clumpha. The next spring, under the direction of the same pro- 
 fessors, The Rivals was put on. 
 
 1897-98 — Play presented In the Armory, February 22, "Our Boys." 
 1898-99 — -Twelfth Nig-ht" was given. 
 
 1899-00— Play presented at the Lyceum, February 26, 1900, "The 
 School lor Scandal." Under direction of Clayton D. Gilbert. 
 
 1900-01 — ^Plays given at the Lyceum Theatre, February 11, 1901, 
 were "A Woman's Won't," "At the Barricade," and "A Flower of 
 Yeddo." 
 
 1901-02 — Plays presented at the Lyceum Theatre, February 10, 
 1902, "The Old Musician" and "The Romanesques." 
 
 1902-03 — Play given was "One Summer's Day," at the Lyceum 
 Theatre, February 23, St. Cloud, February 26, Fergus Falls, Feb- 
 ruary 27, Moorhead, February 28, Mankato, April 17, and Faribault, 
 April IS, 1903. 
 
 1903-04 — "One Nig-ht Only," was given February 3, at the East 
 high school auditorium. 
 
 1904-05 — Plays were given as follows: "A Pair of Spectacles," 
 at the Lyceum Theatre, November 4, 1904. "The Pillars of So- 
 ciety." Under direction of Charles Mead Holt and Richard Bur- 
 ton. 
 
 1905-06 — "Nance Oldfield" and "Cricket on the Hearth" — Unique 
 Theatre, December 14, 1906; Faribault, February 22, 1906; Hast- 
 ings, March 2, 1906. Under direction of Charles M. Holt and 
 Samuel Andrews.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNEJSOTA. 67 
 
 1906-07 — The plays, '"My Lord in Livery," "Her Picture," "A 
 Man of Letters," were given by the club assisted by Dr. Richard 
 Burton, at the Johnson School, November 8, 1906; "Tulu," was 
 presented in Ghapel, March 22, 1907; Twelfth Night," given on 
 
 the campus afternoon and evening of May , and June 14, 1907, 
 
 under direction of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mead Holt. 
 
 1907-CS^'Esmeralda" Avas given at Litchfield, "Willmar, Ben- 
 son, vjranite Falls, and Glencoe, during the holiday vacation. It 
 was also given at the Holt School hall, on the evening of January 
 16, under the direction of Professor Charles M. Holt. 
 
 DREW, James Meddick — Born February 17, 1863, Rollingstone 
 Valley, Minn. Graduate of the "Winona Normal; two years Cor- 
 nell course in agriculture; taught in tne district school for a term. 
 Instructor In School of Agriculture since 1893. Registrar of the 
 school since 1903. 1307 Chelmsford street, St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 DRILL Hall— Erected in 1893 a,t a cost of $30,000. It is built 
 of red pressed brick, and contains an armory, which on occasion is 
 used as an auditorium, gymnasium, the offices of tne entomologist, 
 veterinarian, and profeiisor of animal industry. It also contains 
 class rooms for instruction m carpentry and drawing. It has dor- 
 mitory facilities for eight students. 
 
 DULUTH, Minn., — Northern Minnesota Alumni Association — 
 This is one of the most vigorous and the largest .local associations 
 of ainmni. Its membership embra-ces alumni living in Duluth and 
 vicinity. The off'cers are Fred C. Bowman, 1879, president; H. J, 
 Grannis, vice-president; John W. Powell, 1893, secretaxy; Wm. H. 
 Hoyt. treasurer. This association usually holds its annual ban- 
 quet in June. 
 
 DUNKEL, Otto — Instructor in mathematics, 1905-06. 
 
 DUNN, James H. — Professor of diseases of genito-ui'inary or- 
 gans, 1888-04. 
 
 DUNNELL, Mark H., Owatonna-— Superintendent of public in- 
 struction and ex-officio regent, 1868 to July 31, 1870. 
 
 DUNNING, A. W. — Clinical instructor in mental and nervous 
 diseases, 1897 to date. EYidicott Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 DUNSMOOR, Frederick A. — Professor of clinical and operative 
 surgery, 1888 to date. Andrus building. 1413 Harmon Place. 
 
 DUNWOODY Prize, The — Mr. William H. Dunwoody, president 
 of the St, Anthony and Dakota Elevator Company, ha.? provided 
 an annual cash prize of $75 for the members of the team winning 
 the senior debate. See Peavey-Dunwoody prize. In 1903. when 
 these prizes were first offered, M. H. Halloran. B. B. Heuston and 
 Nellie Cashman won the debate prize and E. C. O'Brien won that 
 for oratory. In 1904. the prize for debate went to Paul Straton, J. Z. 
 Nebbergall and J. F. Sinclair. 
 
 In 1907. the debate prizes went to T. H. Uzzell, S. H. Peterson 
 and Max Lowenthal. 
 
 DURMENT, Edmund S. — Born March 19, 1860, Brown county, 
 Ind. LL. B., Columbia University, 1884. Special lecturer on rights 
 of eminent domain, college of law, 1907 to date. General practice 
 of law, Durment & Moore. St. Paul. 
 
 DYBEVICK, Ivare O. — Born April 21, 1872. Norway. Public 
 schools of Norway and tne United States. Two terms at the Min- 
 nesota Dairy School. Twelve years as practical butter maker and 
 two years as dairy and food inspector. Instructor In pasteurizing, 
 1903 to date. Address Dairy and Food Commission, St. Paul. 
 
 DYE, John W. — Director of the gymnasium of the school of 
 agriculture, 1903-04.
 
 68 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 EARNINGS of Students — In the spring of 1907, forty-seven 
 typical students reported the facts concerning then- earnings for 
 one year of tneir college course. The statistics follow: 
 
 $11,613.50 was earned annually by these students. The amount 
 of time, per week devoted to earning money, ran from four to 
 forty-four hours per week; the amount of money earned, during 
 the college year, from $25 to $800, averaging, $247.10, the average 
 amount of time devoted to outside work, oy these students, 315 
 hours per week; the amount of time devoted to recitations in the 
 University, from nine to twenty hours, averaging 17 nours pei* 
 week; with required preparations this would average at least forty 
 hours per week. 
 
 The student earning the largest sum, $800, was a poor student. 
 He devoted 30 hours per week to outside work, less time than many 
 of the students who have made excellent records. The student 
 devoting the maximum of 44 hours has an excellent record, while 
 u.e second highest 42 hours to outside work has a passable record. 
 With one other exception, a student who devotes 15 hours per 
 week to outside work and earnea $240 per year, the general rules 
 held that the students earning the hig*hest sums were students 
 who have records above the average. Of the four students earn- 
 ing $400, or more, the records were — one fair, two excellent, and 
 one very gooa. 
 
 Twelve of these students did simply passable work; eight did 
 fair work; four did good work; twelve were ranked as very good; 
 and six as excellent; two poor. 
 
 ECKERSON, Charles H. — Instructor in mining, 1899-00'. Bom 
 at Closter, New Jersey, 1877. Graduated from Drisler school. New 
 York City as honor scholar in 1897. Took 'his degree of E. M. at 
 Columbia University, 1898. Appointed University scholar in geol- 
 ogy in 1898 and took special work in geology, palaeontology and 
 metallurgy. 
 
 ECONOMIC Club, The — Is an organization connected with the 
 department of political economy, which meets twice a month to de- 
 bate economic and political subjects. 
 
 EDDY Henry Turner — Born June 9, 1844, Stoughton, Mass. B. 
 A., Tale, '1867; Ph. B., Sheffleld Scientific School, 1868; A. M., Yale, 
 1870; Cornell, C. E., 1870; Ph. D., 1872; .LL. D., Center College, 
 I89z; studied in Berlin in 1879, and in Paris, 1880); instructor in 
 field work, Sheffleld, 1867-68; instructor in Latin and mathematics, 
 University of Tennessee, 1868-69; assistant professor of mathe- 
 matics and engineering, Cornell, 1869-73; adjunct professor of 
 mathematics. Princeton, 1873-74; professor of mathematics, astron- 
 omy and civil engineering, University of Cincinnati, 1874-90; dean 
 of the academic faculty of same, 1874-77; and 1884-89; acting presi- 
 dent and president-elect, 1890, same; president of Rose Polytech- 
 nic Institute, Terre Haute, Ind., 1891-94; professor of engineering 
 and mechanics. University since 1894; dean of graduate school, 
 since 1905. Member of the American Philosophical Society; Ameri- 
 can Association for the Advancement of Science, vice-president 
 for mathematics and physics, 1S84; American Mathematical So- 
 ciety; American Physical Society; Society for Promotion of Engi- 
 neering Education; president in 1896; Ehi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi. 
 Author of Analytical Geometry; Researches in Graphical Statics; 
 Thermodynamics; M'aximum Stresses and Concentrated Loads; 
 a.3o papers in numerous scientific and technical journals. 916 
 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 EDGAR, Caroline B. — Student assistant in operative clinic, 1892- 
 93; D. M. D.— same title, 1893-95.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 69 
 
 EDGERTON, A. J., Kasson — Regent 1S78, re-appointed 1881 and 
 immediately resigned. 
 
 EDITORS-IN-CHIEF of the Gophers— A list of the editors-in- 
 chief of all Gophers, to 1907, will be found on page 179 of the 
 Gopher of 1907. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL Club, The — This is an organization of instruc- 
 tors in the college of education together with students registered 
 for advanced work. Meetings are held from time to time during 
 ihe college year for the discussion of current questions in ed^lca- 
 tion and for reports and discussions upon recent educational litera- 
 ture, booRs, magazines and journals. 
 
 EDUCATION, The College of — The first work in education as 
 a part of the regular college course was offered in 1885-86, when 
 Professor Harry P. Judson, now President of the University of 
 Chicago delivered a course of lectures, one hour a week, to seniors 
 in tne third term. This course was continued until 1892, when a 
 teachers' course, of two years, was established, upon the comple- 
 tion of which a University teachers' certificate was granted. For 
 one year Dr. David L. Kiehle, then superintendent of public in- 
 struction conducted the course, and in the following year was 
 appointed prolessor in charge. The two-year course was discon- 
 tinued in lS9b, and from that time on the University teachers' 
 certificate was granted to graduates of the college of science, 
 literature and the arts who had completed certain prescribed work 
 in psychology and in the history, theory and practice of educa- 
 tion. This certificate is a license to the holder to teach in any 
 school of the state for two years without examination, and at the 
 end of two years of successful experience may be endorsed and 
 made permanent for this state. 
 
 In 1902, Dr. Kiehle resigned from his work in the University, 
 and Dr. George F. James was appointed in his place. In the three 
 succeeding years the enrollment of students in this work increased 
 from less than 100 to over 300. Additional courses were offered, 
 the attendance in these indicating the need of larger opportuni- 
 ties at the University for the training of teachers. In response to 
 the act of the Legislature in 1905 the college of education was 
 authorized by the regents as a separate school. Dr. James was 
 appointed dean and was directed to organize a course of study. 
 The college ofr'ers the practical and theoretical training for high 
 school teachers and principals, principals of elementary schools, 
 supervisors of special studies and superintendents of school sys- 
 tems. Students are enrolled after two years of collegiate work 
 lor a two-year and' three-year course of study leading respectively 
 to the degrees bachelor of arts in education and master of arts. 
 Ttie faculty includes now two professors, one assistant professor 
 and one instructor, in addition to fifteen or twenty professors from 
 various faculties of the University who are interested in one phase 
 or another of teachers' training. The first class of four members 
 was graduated in June, 1907. Terms of tuition same as for the 
 college of science, literature and the arts. 
 
 EDUCATION in Minnesota— A book published by the H. "W. 
 Wilson Company, in 1903. This book which contains a vast amount 
 of valuable historical material, relating to the University as well 
 as to education in Minnesota in general, was written by Dr. David 
 L. Kiehle, while professor of pedagogy in the University. Very 
 valuable to anyone interested in looking up the history of the 
 University. It also contains a carefully prepared report upon and 
 systematic study of and arrangement of the school laws and 
 sources of school support in the state of Minnesota.
 
 70 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 EIGHTY-NINE Memorial Prize in History, The — The class of 
 1889, at graduation, established a pi'ize of $25, each year, to b<} 
 known as the '89 Memorial Prize, and to tie given for the best 
 thesis upon a historical topic to be assigned by the department. 
 The award is made by a professor of history in some other insti- 
 tution. 
 
 This prize has been awarded as follows: the i-ecords do not 
 show an award for 1890 and 1891; in 1892, to J. Edward O'Brien; 
 in 1S93, to Hubert C. Carel; in 1894, to Clarence EUithorpe; in 
 18S5, to Alex W. Caldwell; in 1896, to Alexander N. Winchell; 
 in 1 97, to George C. Dunlap; in 1898, to John C. Knox; in 1899, 
 to LiUian B. Marvin; in 1900, not awarded; in 1901, to George B. 
 Otte; in 1902, to Willard A. Rossman; in 1903, to Ruth West; in 
 1904, to Elizabeth McLaughlin; in 1905, to Frederick A. Wirth; in 
 1906, to Arthur R. Barnes; in 1907, to Harriet Switzer. 
 
 ELECTRICAL Engineering Building — This was constructed in 
 1900, at a cost of $20,000, with expectation that it would eventually 
 form one of the wings of a main engineering building to be later 
 constructed. The building is of brick and slow burning construc- 
 tion. The main portion is 80x60 feet and two stories high A 
 wing, 70x90 feet, adjoining is used for the University lighting plant 
 and for instruction in connection with the practical work of the 
 course; The building contains a standardizing laboratory, electro- 
 chemical laboratory, shop, battery room, stock and toilet rooms. 
 On the first floor are the dynamo laboratory, high tension labora- 
 tory, research laboratories, instrument rooms and office. On the 
 second floor are the laboratories for photometry, photography, 
 meter and lamp testing rooms and class, drawing and library 
 rooms and offices. 
 
 ELECTRICAL Engineering IVluseum — This museum contains a 
 growing collection of samples furnished by various manufacturers 
 and dealers for demonstrating the merits of different products and 
 for illustrating ipodern practice; an excellent collection showing 
 the development of electrical instruments, lightning arresters, 
 switches, primary and secondary batteries, early forms of dynamos 
 and motors, lighting apparatus and various industrial applications 
 of electricity; also a collection of samples from repa'ir shops and 
 elsev.'here, illustrating the effects of wear, accidents and abuse. 
 
 ELLIOTT, Adolphuis F. and Mary Ellen Hoar Elliott— Dr. Elliott 
 left his estate to his wife, and she left property which netted the 
 sum of $114,000, to Walter J. Trask, formerly of Minneapolis, but 
 later of Los Angeles, Calif., an attorney, to be used to secure the 
 erection of a building upon the University campus, as a memorial 
 to her husband. Dr. Elliott. Mr. Trask, naturally decided that 
 no other niemorial could be so fitting to a physician as a hospital 
 and so made a tender of the property to the board of regents of 
 the University, for that purpose. The regents were willing to 
 accept but felt that tney should not bind the state to support 
 such an institution, as they would virtually by accepting the gift 
 outright, and so p.sked to be allowed to hold the same in abeyance 
 until the legislature could be consulted. This the trustee, Mr. 
 Trask, very readily agreed to and the legislature also authorized 
 the acceptance of the gift. 
 
 Dr. Elliott was formerly a practicing physician in Minneapolis 
 and his wife, was formerly Miss Mary Ellen Hoar, a daughter, of 
 Michael Hoar, employed on the Sibley estate at Weston, fifty years 
 ago. On, her mother's death she was cared for by Mrs. Richard 
 Holbrook and assumed the name Holbropk. She and Dr. Elliott 
 were married ab6ut 1895. Prior to iier death, Mrs. Elliott gave
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 71 
 
 the school of mines' $5,000, the income of which is to be used to 
 assist students needing financial aid to finish their courses in that 
 school. 
 
 ELLIOTT, Charles Burke — Born in Morgan county, Ohio, Janu- 
 ary 6, 1861. Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio; L.L,. B., State Uni- 
 versity of Iowa, 1881; LL. D.. same. 1895; Ph. D., University, 1888; 
 honorary LL. D., Marietta, 1904. Practice of law in Minneapolis, 
 1884-89; judge of the municipal court, 1890-94; judge of 4th judicial 
 district, 1894-05; associate justice supreme court, 1905 to 1912, end 
 of term. Declined an offer to be chief justice of the Philippines. 
 L-niversity lecturer on corporations and insurance, 1889-93; corpo- 
 rations only, 1893-95; corporations and international law, 1895-96; 
 international law only, 1896-00; special lecturer, 1907 to date, m 
 college of law. author of Law of Private Corporations, 3d edition, 
 lo9o; Law of Public Corporations; Law of Insurance, 3d edition, 
 1902; Minnesota Practice on Appeal; The United States ana che 
 Northeastern Fisheries, 1888; numerous public addresses and arti- 
 cles in American and foreign reviews. Member of tlie American 
 Bar Association; the Minnesota Bar Association; International I>aw 
 Association; American Society of International Law; International 
 society of Comparative Jurisprudence and Public Law, Berlin; Phi 
 Beta Kappa; Delta Chi. 1003 Eighth street southeast. 
 
 ELLIOTT Hospital — Funds for the erection of this hospital were 
 provided by the will of Mrs. Adolphus F. Elliott, who desired the 
 net proceeds of the sale of certain property to be used to erect a 
 memorial to her husband. The trustee, Mr. Walter J. Trask, asked 
 that the money, $114,000 be used to erect a hospital. This will 
 be done in the near future and the hospital will be erected on the 
 site purchased with the $50,000 raised by the medical alumni for 
 the purpose. 
 
 ELLIOTT Scholarship Loan Fund, The — To fulfill the wish of 
 the late Dr. A. F. Elliott to aid young men who find their efforts 
 to obtain a practical education embarrassed through lack of means, 
 $5,000, the income from which amounts to $250 per year, was placed 
 in the hands of the regents in 1902, to be used as a scholai-ship 
 loan fund for assisting young men in the school of mines. The 
 money was not formally turned over to the regents until 1905, 
 being held by Mrs. Elliott, only the income $350, being turned 
 over. On the death of Mrs. Elliott the hioney was turned over to 
 the board of regents and is now invested in N. P. gold 5 per cent' 
 bonds. 
 
 The conditions of granting the scholarship loans are: the finan- 
 cial needs of the applicant, his scholarship, moral character, en- 
 thusiasm stiown in his work and promise of usefulness in his pro- 
 fession. When money Is available it may be loaned to pay ex- 
 penses of worthy students during sickness. The loans are to be re- 
 paid, without interest, at the earliest convenience of the recipients. 
 
 EMERY, Sloan M., Lake City— Regent 1889, resigned April 26, 
 1893. 
 
 ENDOWMENT of the University— See Congressional Land 
 Grant. 
 
 ENGINEERING, College of — History — Gopher of 1S99. pp. log- 
 123. 
 
 ENGINEERING and the mechanic arts, The college of— In the 
 
 first action taken by the regents. In the organization of the Univer- 
 sity, this college was organized as part of the college- of, agricul-' " 
 ture and the mechanic arts. In the re-organization of. two years, 
 later, July, 1871, this college was , made an independent cpllege
 
 72 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 with its own faculty and course of study. Practically, however, 
 this college continued as a part of the college of science, litera- 
 ture and the arts down to the year 1885-86, when for the first time 
 the college outlined its courses for the full four years, the fresh- 
 man and sophomore x'ears having been previously pursued in com- 
 mon with the students of the college of science, literature and the 
 arts. The following year, Professor William A. Pike was made di- 
 rector, which office he held until 'he was made dean in 1890. He 
 continued as dean until 1891, when Professor Christopher W. Hall 
 was made dean. Professor Hall was dean until 1896, when he re- 
 signed. The college was without a dean until Frederick S. Jones, 
 professor of physics, was made dean in 19u2. 
 
 Originally courses were provided in civil and mechanical engi- 
 neering and architecture. Beginning with the year 1882-83, special 
 courses were provided in shop work and drawing and a special 
 evening course in drawing. The following year these courses were 
 more formally organized into the "Artisans training school," which 
 made special provision for giving instruction in practical shop work 
 and mechanical drawing, for those not prepared to take up the 
 work of the regular college courses. This school was continued until 
 1892, when it was dropped. The course in electrical engineering 
 was first organized in 1887. In 1887. the artisans training school 
 became the school of practical mechanics and design, courses in 
 wood carving and design being offered for the first time. The fol- 
 lowing year these two courses were separatea ana the school of 
 practical mechanics and the school of design, freehand drawing 
 and wood carving existed side by side, and Henry T. Ardley, wa3 
 given special charge of the school of design and was made prin- 
 cipal of tne school the following year. From 1898 to 1904 a 4-year 
 course in drawing and industrial art, for which no degree was 
 offered, was provided in this college. 
 
 In 1891, the school of mines and the college of engineering 
 were consolidated and made the college of engineering, metallurgy 
 and the mechanic arts. In addition to the courses previously pro- 
 vided in the college of engineering, new courses In mining, metal- 
 lurgy and chemistry, were provided. The course in architecture 
 was dropped at the close of the year, 1892-93. In 1896 the college 
 of engineering and the school of mines were finally separated and 
 the college became, what it is today, the college of engineering 
 arid the mechanic arts. Under the new organizaton, 'instruction 
 was provided in civil, mechanical and electrical engineering, and 
 railway mechanical enginering was provided as a special course 
 for seniors In mechanical engineering. In 1898, a course in science 
 and technology, was offered. The purpose was to gTve a general 
 scientific training to students desiring such courses, and offering 
 additional work leading to the professional degree in the line In 
 which the student might chance to be interested. Until 1897, the 
 degree granted by this college, was the bachelor's degree. Since 
 1897, the degree has been the engineer's degree, in the line of 
 work pursued. The growth of this college, in the past few years 
 has been phenomenal, the attendance having doubled in six years. 
 The department is housed in the old mechanic arts building, and 
 the two shops, for electrical and mechanical engineering. The 
 work in chemistry and physics is provided for in those buildings. 
 The legislature of 1907 made provision for a main building for 
 this college, by making an appropriation of $250,000. It is ex- 
 pected that this building v.'ill be located Just across the Northern 
 Pacific tracks from the present shops, and later it is hoped to 
 group all of the buildings about the blocks bounded by Pleasant 
 and Church streets and the N. P. tracks and Washington avenue, 
 the buildings being so arranged as to enclose this tract and leave
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. j^ 
 
 an open court in the center. The faculty of this college includes 
 fifteen professors, ten assistant professors, eleven instructors, and 
 eleven machinists, engineers and assistants. Ten non-resident 
 lecturers lectured to the students during the year 1906-07. Enroll- 
 ment for same year, 45S. Tuition is $30 a year for residents and 
 double that for non-residents. The entrance requirement is the 
 completion of a full high school course. Total number of degrees 
 granted by this college, 455. 
 
 By recent action of the faculty, approved by the board of re- 
 gents, the degree to be hereafter granted at the end of the four- 
 year course is to be bachelor of science, in the particular line of 
 ■work pursued. The professional degree is reserved for those who 
 complete the fifth year's work. It is expected that this will eventu- 
 ally result in making the course a five-year course. 
 
 ENGINEERING Libraries — The reference libraries of the several 
 departments of this college are well supplied with technical litera- 
 ture. In the mechanic arts building is a library consisting chiefly 
 of books devoted to civil engineering, comprising over one thousand 
 volumes; the library of the department of engineering and me- 
 chanics numoers eighteen 'hundred volumes of choice mathematical 
 and scientific works; the departments of mechanical engineering, 
 and electrical engineering have excellent collections of standard 
 works which number over fourteen hundred volumes; the chemistry 
 library contains over five hundred technical works; the drawing 
 department has a collection of between one and two hundred vol- 
 umes relating to drawing, architecture and design. The above 
 number, upwards of four thousand volumes, comprises many works 
 which are the private property of professors but ttccessible to the 
 students. 
 
 ENGINEERING Mathematics Museum — This department has a 
 collection of apparatus used for illustration in teaching, several 
 types of slide-rules, including those of Thatcher, Faber, KeufEel 
 and Esser, Schureman's computer, Boucher's calculator; also Am.s- 
 ler's polar planimeter. 
 
 ENGINEERING shops — This building was erected in 1901, at a 
 cost of $32,000. It was intended to be one wing of a main engi- 
 neering building tc be constructed later. The building is about 
 60x164 feet and two stories high. It provides offices, class rooms, 
 snops, laboratories, drawing rooms, library room, foundry, ma- 
 chine shops. It is of slow burning mill construction and the ex- 
 terior is red brick. 
 
 ENGINEERS Society, The — An organization of students of the 
 college of engineering for mutual help and for the promotion of 
 Interest in engineering topics and for the discussion of current 
 engineering literature and problems. The society publishes a year- 
 book. Organized in 1887. Meets twice a month, during the col- 
 lege year. 
 
 ENGINEERS jear book — This is an annual publication of the 
 society of engineers. It is devoted to the publication of articles 
 prepared by professors and students upon subjects of special im- 
 portance to engineers and is an expression of interest in engineer- 
 ing activities on the part of the students. Published annually 
 since the spring of 1887. 
 
 ENGLISH Museum — A few fac-similes of manuscripts plates 
 that may serve for the purpose of archaeological instruction, publi- 
 cation of texts, reprints of blackletter books and of orignal editions, 
 photographs and portraits have been gathered.
 
 74 
 
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 UNrV^ERSITY OF MINNBSOTA. 75 
 
 ERDNIANN, Charles Andrew— Born August 3, 1866, Milwaukee, 
 Wis Public and high schools of Milwaukee. Ph. G.. Wisconsin, 
 1887'- M D University, 1893; Vienna and London, 1899-1900. Dem- 
 onstrator of anatomy, 1893 to 1896; assistant professor of anatomy. 
 1897 to 1901; professor, 1901 to date. Author of Manual of dis- 
 section of human oody; The carpal articulations In the light or 
 X-ray photography; Autointoxication; The lymphatic system; and 
 many lesser contributions to the medical press. 612 Ninth avenue 
 southeast. 
 
 ERIKSON, Henry Anton— Born July 30, 1869. Mt. Morris, Wis. 
 E E University, 1896; taught one year in Rochester high school. 
 Instructor in physics, 1897 to 1906; assistant professor 1906 to date. 
 Author of various articles upon physical measurements. Sigma XI. 
 220 Church street southeast. 
 
 EUTERPEAN Club, The— An organization of young women, 
 Similar to the glee club of tae young men. Membership in thi3 
 club is conditioned upon the demonstration of musical abihty^ 
 The club gives public concerts each year and is under the direc- 
 tion of Professor Scott of the department of music. This club 
 was organized in 1905, and is the successor of the glee club which 
 the young women of the University had previously maintained. 
 
 EVVING, Addison Uuther— Born September, 1853, LaGrange, 
 Wis State normal school, Wisconsin; B. S. Cornell, 1880; M. 
 S 1885. Taug-ht in district schools, Jefferson, Wis., 1876-77; in- 
 structor in botanv, Cornell, 1882-84; professor geology and zool- 
 ogy Pa, State college; 1884-88, science teacher, Workingman 3 
 school New York City; 1888-1906, professor of science, state 
 normal school. River Falls, Wis. Instructor in agricultural 
 physics, 1906 to date. Author of report of geology of Center 
 county Pa.- An attempt to determine the time for chemical 
 erosion of Uiltany valley, Pa. Member of the Awierican associa- 
 tion for the advancement of science; New Tork academy of sci- 
 ence; Wisconsin academy of science; and other scientific soci- 
 eties. St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 EXPENDITURES— See Finances. ■ f 
 
 EXPENSE OF STUDENTS — This varies so with the individual 
 that it Is impossible to give definite estimates that will be of 
 much use! A number of years ago, several typical students were 
 secured to keep definite account of their expenses and to report 
 tne same at the end of the year. The result was that the young 
 men ranged from $217 to .$397; the same students earning from 
 from S150 to $272 each. The young women in the list varied 
 from $150 to $355. These figures do not include fees. The cost 
 of living has increased during the past few years and it is prob- 
 able that 25 per cent should be added to these figures to make 
 them a safe estimate for the present time. Board ranges at 
 the present time from $2.10 upward, in private families from $3.00 
 to $6.00 per week and furnished rooms from $10 to $20 per month. 
 A fair average for a student, not including fees, ought to be 
 about $260. to $275 a year. 
 
 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, The— In 1868, when the University 
 was re-organized, provision was made for teaching agriculture 
 and the purchase of a farm was a matter of necessity, and the 
 regents purchased 120 acres of land of Baker & Willis, for $8,500. 
 This farm was located along both sides of University avenue 
 from Oak street to Prospect Park, and was used as an experi- 
 mental farm until 1882. With the appointment of Professor Por- 
 ter, In 1881, came a change. Professor Porter reported the farm 
 as being of little value for experimental' purposes, recommended
 
 -jd DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 the sale of this farm and the purchase of another better suited 
 to the ends to be sought, experimental demonstration of practical 
 methods of farming. Professor Porter finally decided to recom- 
 mend the purchase of two tracts of land, aggregating' in all about 
 250 acres. This land was purchased by Governor Pillsbury, the 
 tract of 165 acres, of Captain Bass, at $300 an acre and the 
 second piece, of 95 acres, of Governor Marshall and Mr. Lang- 
 ford, for $200 an acre, a total of $60,000. 
 
 The old University farm was platted into city lots and a 
 maximum and minimum price fixed for each lot, and the whole 
 put up at auction with the condition that if the minimum price 
 was not bid, the lot would be withdrawn from sale. At the first 
 sale, which took place 1882, only one-half the lots were offered 
 for sale, but the sum of $47,500 was netted. The following spring, 
 1883, a second auction was held, and together with certain pri- 
 vate sales, netted $80,500.00, making a total of $128,000. From the 
 proceeds of these sales, the purchase price of $60,000, paid for 
 the new farm by Governor Pillsbury, was refunded to him and 
 a farm house, barn and station building, costing about $48,000 were 
 erected and the first school of agriculture building was erected 
 at a cost of $20,000, the balance wus used to fence the farm, 
 purchase stock and machinery. In 1906, the state purchased 
 twenty acres, which were added to the farm, at a cost of $20,000. 
 In 1907, the legislature appropriated $76,000 for the purchase of 
 149 acres to be added to the farm. 
 
 The farm, whic'h now consists of 419 acres, is divided, rough- 
 ly, as follcws: forty acres for campus, fifty acres for permanent 
 pastures, and the balance, for experimental purposes. 
 
 The department of agriculture also has an experimental' farm, 
 of 480 acres, at Crookston, in the northwestern part of the state, 
 another farm of 352 acres at Grand Rapids, in the northeastern 
 part of the state A farm, in southwestern Minnesota, at Lynd, 
 is available for experimental purposes, and five seres, constitut- 
 ing an apple experiment station, at Owatonna is also under the 
 direction of the board of regents. This station was authorized 
 by act of the legislature, approved March 2, 1887. The legis- 
 lature of 1907 made an appropriation for the purchase of an 
 experimental fruit farm at Minnetonka. 
 
 EXPERIMENT STATION BUILDING— This building was 
 erected in 1884. from the profits on the sale of the first Uni- 
 versity farm. It was totally destroyed by fire, October 5th, 1890. 
 
 EXTEMPO ORATORICAL AND STORY CONTEST— March 
 15th, 1901, a contest was held with the University of Nebraska 
 in which the representatives of both institutions were obliged 
 to speak extemporaneously upon a sub-topic, chosen by chance, 
 at the opening of the contest from a number of such topics 
 related to two general topics previously announced. In this con- 
 test G. L. Caldwell, Minnesota's representative won. The con- 
 test was held at Minneapolis. Nebraska won the story contest. 
 
 FACULTY DINING CLUB — This is an informal organization 
 which includes all men of all the various faculties of the Uni- 
 versity. The club meets one Saturday night each month of the 
 college year to dine together and discuss topics of interest con- 
 nected with various phases of university life and activities. 
 
 FARLEY, F. A. — ^Instructor in animal husbandry, school of 
 agriculture, since 1906. 
 
 FARMERS' CLUB OF MINNESOTA— An organization com- 
 posed of students and ex-ctudents and members of the faculty 
 of the school of agriculture. Any one who has ever registered 
 as a student in the regular, dairy or short course or who Is or
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. -j-j 
 
 has been a teacher in the school of agriculture, is eligible to 
 membership. The objects of the association are to foster and 
 strengthen the ties between the school and its former students 
 and to extend the work of the school and experiment station, 
 among the farmers of the state. To this end the members of 
 the State club have formed county clubs which hold annual 
 meetings for the benefit of the farmers of the community. To 
 quote from the annual address of its president: "The school of 
 agriculture is an institution of the farmers, for the farmers, 
 and supported in a large measure by them, and each student of 
 the school should use his Knowledge to better the conditions 
 about him. The state has invested from one to several hundred 
 dollars in his education and expects to realize on that invest- 
 ment by the knowledge which he will distribute." 
 
 FARMERS' INSTITUTES, THE — These institutes, or rather 
 the system under which these institutes are provided, is a direct 
 product of the University. In the early eighties, when the Uni- 
 versity was making the most strenuous efforts to get the farmers 
 to send their children to the University to be educated in agri- 
 culture and to become farmers, and when the feeling against 
 the University ran high and every session of the legislature saw 
 determined efforts to divide the University and make the depart- 
 ment of agriculture an independent institution, someone con- 
 ceived the brilliant idea of taking education to the farmer. Presi- 
 dent Northrop became convinced of the necessity of doing this 
 and looked around for the proper man. F. Amos Johnson, then 
 registrar, suggested the name of O. C. Gregg, of Lynd and he 
 was sent for. After a short talk with President Northrop, the 
 president was convinced that he had found the right man and 
 sent him to Governor Pillsbury, the president of the board of 
 regents. Governor Pillsbury became an enthusiastic convert to 
 the new plan and the man who proposed it and volunteered to 
 provide the expenses of the work, if Mr. Gregg would take hold 
 of it. This was in the winter of 1885, early in January. The 
 work began that same winter. A year later it was taken up by 
 the board of regents officially and provision was made for carry- 
 ing on institutes during the spring of 1886. This plan was fol- 
 lowed for one year when the legislature of 1887, made an appro- 
 priation of S7,500 for carrying on this work on a larger scale. 
 Mr. O. C. Gregg, was chosen superintendent, in April 1887, and 
 has held that position for twenty years. The board of regents 
 have always been represented, officially, on the board of mana- 
 gers of these institutes, and at the present time it is repre- 
 sented by three members, the other three members being the 
 presidents of state societies of agriculture, and horticulture and 
 the state dairy association. Ttie appropriation has increased to 
 $12,500 annually. The school of agriculture was a direct out- 
 growth of the field work of the farmers' institutes. The organ- 
 ization of the institutes under University supervision is undoubt- 
 edly responsible for the fact that the University has been kept 
 intact and its agricultural department an integral part of the 
 University. 
 
 FARM HOUSE— Erected in 1884, at a cost of $25,000, from 
 the profits on the sale of the first University farm. It is a frame 
 structure 38 x 701 feet, and contains, besides apartments for the 
 professor of agrriculture and foreman, rooms for laborers and stu- 
 dents, and one wing temporarily serves as a seed breeding lab- 
 oratory. 
 
 FARM MACHINERY BUI LDING— This building was erected 
 in 1904, at a cost of $5,000.
 
 78 " DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 FARM STUDENTS' REVIEW, The — A monthly agricultural 
 paper owned and published by the Alumni association of the 
 school of agriculture. The paper is intended to be a medium by 
 which the former students of the institution shall be kept in 
 touch with each other and also with the school and experiment 
 station. It also endeavors to bring the farmers throughout the 
 state generally, into closer connection with the Institution and 
 to this end strives to present the latest progress in experimental 
 work at the various stations. It is the official organ of the 
 Alumni association and of the Farmers' club. 
 
 FARR, R. E. — Assistant in surgery, 1902-1906; clinical assist- 
 ant, same, 1907 to date. Syndicate block. 
 
 FEDERATED LITERARY SOCIETIES Of the University of 
 Minnesota, The' — The purpose of this federation of literary soci- 
 ties of the University is the promotion of general literary and 
 oratorical work in the University. Organized in 1896. This 
 federation holds four meetings each year at which programs are 
 given by members of the various societies composing the federa- 
 tion. Societies represented are the Forum, Shakopean, Castalian, 
 Minerva, and Arena. This federation is now known as the 
 Minnesota literary union. 
 
 FERGUS FALLS, Minn. — There has been an alumni association 
 in existence at Fergus Falls, for a number of years, its activi- 
 ties 'have been mainly confined to holding an annual banquet 
 and reunion. 
 
 FELLOWSHIP ASSOCIATION, The— Incorporated March 10th, 
 188S. Its object being the encouragement of graduate students in 
 special lines of work, and to that end to raise a fund by endow- 
 ment, gift, or bequest, or annual contributions of members, to 
 carry out the purpose of the organization. This association has 
 supported fellows as follows: 1888, U. S. Grant; 1889, K. C. Bab- 
 cock and O. L. Triggs; 1890, J. B. Pike and Louise Montgomery; 
 1891, T. G. Soares and C. P. Lommon; 1892, Andrew Nelson; 1893, 
 Elizabeth Peters: 1894 no appointment; 1896, Alexander N. Win- 
 chell; 11896 appointee ill, no call for funds; 1897. Paul W. Glasoe; 
 1898, Harold M. Stanford; 1903, Ernest E. Hemmingway. 
 
 FIELD, Walter E.— Superintendent of the farm 1871-1873. 
 
 FINANCES — The income of the University is received from 
 five principal sources. The first is the direct appropriations made 
 by the state legislature for general expense and special appro- 
 priations for buildings and standing tax levies. The second is 
 direct appropriations from the United States government, from 
 the Hatch, Morrill, Nelson and Adams bills. The third is from 
 fees for tuition and to cover the cost of laboratory material'. The 
 fourth is fnjjTi th*^ income from the permanent endowment, which 
 has been created by the Gale of stumpage, lands and mineral 
 rights, from lands granted by Congress to endow the Univer- 
 •sity. The fifth is from sales and miscellaneous sources. 
 
 The following statement shows the income from each of these 
 sources for the year ending July 31st, 1907. 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Auditor's balance, August 1, 1906 $37,269.53 
 
 Auditor's balance in fuel fund, August 1, 1906 4,794.65 
 
 Receipts, year 1905-06, turned Into treasury after August 
 
 1. 1906 40,091.96 
 
 Receipts from kitchen and dining hall fund, school of 
 agriculture to replace amount advanced from current 
 
 ext)ense' fund ..................' 2,045.46 
 
 Total ..."., $84,201.61
 
 UNTVBRSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 19 
 
 Less June and July bills paid after August 1, 1906 14,821.38 
 
 Total $69,3i0.23 
 
 Revolving fund 2,800 . 00 
 
 True balance August 1, 1906 $72,180.23 
 
 From the United States government — 
 Grants made by the government approved March 2, 1861, 
 and July 2, 1862, being interest on the bonds of vari- 
 ous states in which the resulting funds are invested 50,885.54 
 
 Interest on bank deposits 1,011 . 06 
 
 United States Treasurer Hatch fund, year 1906-07... 15,000.00 
 
 United States Treasurer Morrill fund 25,000.00 
 
 United States Treasurer Nelson fund 5,000.00 
 
 United States 'treasurer Adams fund' — three quarterly 
 
 payments - 5,250.00 
 
 (First quarterly payment for year 1906-07 and $5,000 for 
 year 1905-06 included in auditor's balance August 1, 
 1906). 
 
 Total from United States government $102,146 . 60 
 
 From state appropriations — 
 
 Twenty-three one hundredths of one-mill revenue tax. . .$205,051.09 
 
 Additional appropriation 60,000.00 
 
 Total from the state $265,051.09 
 
 From the University — 
 
 Students' fees $137,946.15 
 
 Dental infirmary receipts 10,470 . 65 
 
 Miscellaneous receipts , j 1,493.25 
 
 School of agriculture — sales and fees 10,478 . 61 
 
 The experiment station — sales 8,818.22 
 
 Total from the University $169,206.88 
 
 Total receipts $608,584.80 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS. 
 
 Pay rolls. Bills. 
 
 August , $10,937.42 
 
 September 34,767.26 $7,205.58 
 
 October 37,005.57 11,990.67 
 
 November 37,918.00 9,911.60 
 
 December 37,101.25 14,262.53 
 
 January 37,510.53 8,703.98 
 
 February 37,760.28 8,864.24 
 
 March 39,974.07 6,641.87 
 
 April 37,701.13 12.369.73 
 
 May 38,769.54 8,314.48 
 
 June 38,401.37 6,f06.02 
 
 July 12,398.20 9,414.25 
 
 Total $400,244.62 $104,584.95 
 
 Fees paid county treasurer by state auditor 168. OC 
 
 Bi'i.s paid from curront expense, later transferred to 
 
 insectary equipment fund ; 183.45 
 
 Fuel bills 32.590.46 
 
 Payrolls 400,244.62 
 
 Total disbursements $537,771.54 
 
 True balance August 1. 1907 $70,813.26
 
 3o DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 FIRES — The Univiersity has had fifteen fires during the 
 course of its existence. December 3d, 1888, the agricultural 
 building, on the campus, which contained the plant house and 
 chemical laboratory, was totally destroyed, insurance received, 
 $'5,087.00. October 5th, 1890, the station building, at the Uni- 
 versity farm burned, total destruction, insurance received, 
 $1G,000.00 Pillsbury liall suffered by fire December 3d, 18S9, the 
 msurance received covered loss, $10,355.50. The old main was 
 partially burned twice and was finally destroyed, September 24th, 
 1904. The first fire occurred January 3d, 1890, the loss was cov- 
 ered by insurance which was collected to the extent of $5,587.06. 
 The second fire was that of April 30th, 1892, the evening when 
 a "Box of monkeys" was being given in chapel. The loss, fully 
 covered by insurance, was $2,887.90 on contents and $6,423.99, on 
 the building. When this building was finally destroyed, insur- 
 ance was collected on the contents to the extent of $5,000, and 
 on the building itself, $58,000.00. The Coliseum was totally 
 detroyed by fire, July 24th, j.894, insurance collected was $19,000. 
 A fire in the mechanic arts building, January 13th, 1895, caused 
 a loss of $1,662.32 on contents and $806.00 on the building. A 
 second fire occurred in this building, October 29th, 1904, the 
 loss on the contents being $3,646.30, and on the building, $1,285.46., 
 fully covered by insurance. The laboratory of medical chem- 
 istry, suffered by fire, February 23d, 1901, the loss on the con- 
 tents being $1,664.11 and on the building, $2,571.71; fully cov- 
 ered by insurance. The medical building, now Millard hall, was 
 injured by fire, July 22nd, 1905, the contents suffering to the 
 extent of $1,083.45, and the building to the extent of $3,540.22. 
 The anatomical building, was partially burned January 29th, 
 1902, the loss was fully covered by insurance, and was $2,564.70, 
 and on the building, $5,006.73. The ore testing building was 
 injured by fire, August 29th, 1902, the loss, covered by insurance, 
 was $2,300.00 on the contents and $4,112.33 on the building. July 
 25th, 1905, the anatomical building, suffered a second time by 
 fire, the loss was covered by insurance and was $1,226.56 on the 
 contents and $881.84 on the building. The physical laboratory 
 was injured by fire, to the extent of $50, in June 1898, the in- 
 surance being collected to cover loss. Originally, all money col- 
 lected from insurance was used by the regents to replace the 
 loss occasioned by fire. Later, when the Coliseum burned, the 
 state auditor ruled that money collected on buildings burned, 
 when the loss was complete, must go into the general revenue 
 fund of the state and must be appropriated to the institution by 
 the legislature. This rule has not always been followed strictly, 
 but it has been the rule, and the latest case in point is the 
 appropriation of the $58,000 insurance collected on the old main 
 toward the erection of Folwell hall. Information furnished by D. 
 W. Sprague. 
 
 FIRKINS, Ina — B. L., University, 1888; assistant In the library 
 since 1889. Now reference librarian. 1528 Fourth street south- 
 east. 
 
 FIRKINS, Oscar W.— B. A., University, 1884; M. A., 1898; 
 assistant rhetoric 1891-97; instructor in rhetoric, 1897-1905; in- 
 structor in English and rhetoric, 1905-06; in English only 1906 
 to date. 1528 Fourth street southeast. 
 
 FIRST BUILDING — What was known as the "academy build- 
 ing" was erected in 1851, at a cost of approximately $2,500, by 
 public subscription. The building had two stories with high 
 basement and stood 30 x 50 feet on the ground. The building
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 8l 
 
 was erected on grround donated by Franklin Steele, "being that 
 part of tile green set apart for public purposes, together with 
 six lots in the rear." This amounted to about four acres and 
 was locaied somewhere between what is now known as^ Central 
 and First avenues and University avenue and Second street 
 southeast. This land was never formally transferred to the 
 University and was finally quit-claimed by the board of regents 
 in 1862 to the St. Anthony water power company, in considera- 
 tion of the surrender by the said company of certain notes of 
 the board of regents held by it. These notes, with interest 
 amounted to $4,387.50. The building was sold to Franklin Steele, 
 who paid for the same by assuming the amount or the Indebt- 
 edness of the University to Paul R. George, incurred by the 
 purchase of the new (part of the present) campus. The build- 
 ing practically passed out of the hands of the regents May 28th, 
 1856. It was finally burned in November 1864. 
 
 FIRST FACULTY— Appoinited August 23id, 1869. William 
 Watts Folwell, president and professor of mathemaitcs; G. Camp- 
 bell, professor of moral and intellectual philosophy and instructor 
 in German; Edward H. Twining, professor of chemistry and 
 instructor in French; Versal J. Walker, professor of Latin; Jabez 
 Brooks, professor of Greek; A. B. Donaldson, professor of rhet- 
 oric and English literature. Major-general R. W. Johnson, U. 
 S. A., professor of military science and tactics; D. A. Robert- 
 son, professor of agriculture; Arthur Beardsley, tutor. 
 
 FISH, Daniel— Born January 31st, 1848, Cherry Valley, In. 
 Admitted to bar, Iowa 1871; member of commission to codify 
 Minnesota laws. Special lecturer on statutory construction, 1907 
 to date. Engaged in general practice of law. New York Life 
 building. 
 
 FISK, James A. — Instructor in dairy laboratory, 1905-06. 
 
 FJELDE RELIEF FIGURES, Library cortile— See Ariel of 
 May 16th, 1896, article by D. W. Sprague, accountant. 
 
 FLAG POLE — The pole is a magnificent specimen of Puget 
 sound fir tree and the gift of Messrs Lewis Schwager, '95, Law, 
 '96, and Walter Nettleton, ex-' 00, of Seattle, Washington. The 
 pole is six inches in diameter at the top and sligntly over two 
 feet at the base and stands one hundred fifty feet clear of the 
 ground. The pole had to be shipped in two pieces and splicing 
 it caused a loss of six or eight feet. The pole is set in a bed 
 of solid concrete extending twelve feet below the surface. 
 
 FLETCHER, Henry J. — Professor of property, 1894-98; real 
 property, 1808 to date. 75 Dell place. 
 
 FLIGMAN, Louis H. — Assistant in physiology, 1900-02. 
 
 FOLWELL HALL— Named in honor of Dr. William Watts Fol- 
 well, first president of the University. The legislature of 1905 
 made an appropriation of $350,000 for the erection of this build- 
 ing. It was also agreed that the insurance received from the 
 "old main" should be used to help erect and equip this building. 
 This action added 165,000 making the amount available $415,000. 
 The building faces University avenue and stands back about forty 
 feet from the sidewalk, extending from I'Sth to 10th avenues. 
 The building is fire-proof throughout and is constructed of brick, 
 terra cotta made In imitation of granite, with cut granite used 
 for foundation and basement. Concrete is tised for floors and 
 .•wme walls, and tiling for the balance of the walls. The wood 
 work is oak, stained dark and the furniture is mission style
 
 82 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNElSOTA. 83 
 
 throughout. "The hall of the main floor is lined throughout with 
 a very fine grade of marble. The building is 322 x 80 feet and 
 provides about 90,000 square feet of floor space. It has three 
 stories above the basement and provides for the departments of 
 astronomy, drawing, education, French, German, Greek, Latin, 
 mathematics oratory, philosophy, philology, rhetoric, Scandinavian, 
 sociology, Spanish. In addition to tlie full equipment of class- 
 rooms, ofRces, studies, seminars, museums, etc., for the depart- 
 ments above mentioned, the building contains the office of the 
 deans of the college of science, literature and the arts, and the 
 college of education; the office of the General alumni associa- 
 tion; offices for the various University publications; for the liter- 
 ary societies; study looms for men and women; a faculty parlor; 
 the University post oliice; janitors' rooms, toilet rooms, work 
 rooms, etc. Work on basement was begun in the fall of 1906 and 
 the building was completed and occupied in September, 1907. 
 
 FOLWELL, William Watts— Born at Romulus. N. Y., Febru- 
 ary 14th, 1S33. Hobart college, 1857; J^L. D., same, 1880; taught 
 languages in Ovid academy, 1857-58; adjunct professor of mathe- 
 matics, Hobart, 185S-60; student in Berlin, 1860-61; member of 
 the 50th New York volunteers; 1st lieutenant tO' major; brevet 
 lieutenant colonel, 1862-ii5, engineers corps; professor in Kenyon 
 college. Gambler, Ohio, 1869; President of the University of Min- 
 
 William Watts Folwell 
 
 nesota. 1869-84; ex-offioio le^eut fur same period; professor of 
 political science from 1875-07; librarian from 1869-06. Minnesota 
 centennial commissioner 1870; president of Minneapolis society of 
 fine arts, 1882-92; member of the Board of park commissioners, 
 1SS9-06; president of same, 1894-01; acting president of the Amer-
 
 84 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 lean economic association, 1892; chairman of the State board of 
 corrections and charities, 1895-01; president of tlie Minneapolis 
 Improvement league, 1902-05; author of numerous addresses and 
 papers and a History of Minnesota which is about to be pub- 
 lished. For fuller biographical sketch, see Gopher of li889, pp. 
 107-112. 102C Fifth street southeast. 
 
 FOOT BALL — This publication was issued during the fall of 
 1899, the first issue coming out October 17, the last issue 
 being that of November 24th. It was started for the express 
 purpose of arousing interest in football and to support the team. 
 This publication was the direct forerunner of the Minnesota Daily 
 which was started in the spring of the following year. 
 
 FOOTBALL — There is no record of the date of the introduction 
 of football at the University. The first game with an outside 
 team was played September 30th, 1882, with Hamline university. 
 The occasion was the first inter-collegiate athletic meeting in 
 which Minnesota ever participated. The game lasted fifty-six 
 minutes and Minnesota won by two goals. Later the same sea- 
 son Hamline defeated the University through a misunderstanding 
 of a call made by one of the spectators which members of the 
 team supposed tc be the call of the umpire. The following year, 
 1883, Minnesota won every game but the one at Northfield, and 
 there she got a hard drubbing. In 1884 and 18S5, football seems 
 to have dropped out of existence, save on paper, the Ariel mak- 
 ing futile appeals for candidates to come out and for the stu- 
 dents to support the team. In 1886, Professor Jones gave the 
 team some instrurtion in the elements of the game and the team 
 went to Faribault and defeated Shattuck. Later in the season 
 Shattuck came to Minneapolis and defeated the University 18 to 
 8. This was the first game for which admission was charged 
 In 1SS7, the high school team was defeated and there was talk 
 of t.aking od Michigaji, but it ended in talk only. In the fall of 
 1888, "the mighty football class" of 1892 entered the University 
 and football began to assume a larger place in University life. 
 That fall but two games were played and those with Shattuck, 
 honors being easy. The following year, the usual games were 
 played with Shattuck and the usual results followed. With this 
 season began a series of games with the "ex-collegians," made 
 up of men who had played football in the east and who knew 
 the game. For several years, these games were the main train- 
 ing received by the Minnesota team. The proceeds from these 
 games went to Minnesota and helped along in the day when a 
 dollar looked as big as a cart wheel to the business manager. 
 The same year agitation was begun for a game with Michigan, 
 but the guarantee asked by Michigan, the expenses of the trip, 
 which amounted to about $200, was too much for Minnesota. 
 From 1889, down to the present, the score cards tell the tale of 
 growing interest in the game, the period of supremacy, the slump, 
 the revivification and the securing and keeping of a leading place 
 among western institutions. 
 
 The season of 1890 marked a decided change in football. Byron 
 H. Timberlake was elected business manager and under his lead- 
 ership was brought about the beginning of what may properly be 
 called "scientific" football. A trainer was secured and the men 
 signed iron clad agreements to observe training lules. The sea- 
 son was an unqualified success and was marked by two events of 
 great moment, the first football jollification, after the victory over 
 Shattuck. 68 to 0, and the first game with Wisconsin, in which Min- 
 nesota was the victor by a score of 63 to 0, the first time a Minne- 
 sota team ever met a team from another state, the game with
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 85 
 
 Grinnell which was played in a snow storm and which was won, 
 after a fierce fight, by a score of 18 to 14. The following year 
 started out unfavorably. A defeat, by the eastern alumni shook 
 things up and a training table was started, the first at the Uni- 
 versity. This season was marked by the first trip which the 
 Minnesota team ever took outside of the state, two games being 
 played, one with Grinnell, on Saturday and one with the State 
 university of Iowa on Monday; the first resulted in a tie, 12 to 12, 
 and the second in an easy victory of 42 to 4. Later in the season 
 the tie was played off at Minneapolis and Minnesota won by 22 
 to 12. 
 
 The following year, 1892, the intercollegiate athletic associa- 
 tion of the Northwest was formed, including Minnesota, Michi- 
 gan, Wisconsin and Northwestern universities. Michigan had the 
 advantage of an eastern coach but Minnesota came through the 
 season with a series of brilliant victories. The victory over Mich- 
 igan, particularly, gave the friends of Minnesota greater satis- 
 faction than anything else, for at that time- Michigan was the 
 leader in the west and to win a victory in football raised Min- 
 nesota in the estimation of the whole western college world. The 
 victory was celebrated in a way to make the event long remem- 
 bered. The game with Northwestern, which team had for its 
 captain an old Yale player, was one of the most desperately 
 contested games ever played by tlie Minnesota team, but it ended 
 with victory and for the first time, Minnesota came through the 
 season without a defeat chronicled against her. In 1893 came 
 another clear string of victories. 
 
 In 1894, began the decline, and Wisconsin won her first vic- 
 tory over the maroon and gold. In 1895, for the first time, Min- 
 nesota had a regular coach, Walter Heffelfinger, the famous Yale 
 guard, being employed to help along the work of getting the 
 team in shape for the season's games. The season was marked 
 by brilliant victories and humiliating defeats, tihe bright par- 
 ticular spot being the victory over Chicago, by a score of 10 to 6. 
 The season, was financially the greatest success, and a large sur- 
 plus was left in the treasury. The year 1896 Minnesota had a 
 chance to get Phil King, but chose A. N. Jerrems, instead, and 
 the two big games were lost by low scores. The outcome was not 
 otie to discourage the followers of the maroon and gold, for both 
 games were lost under circumstances not at all discreditable to 
 the losers. 
 
 The season of 1897 contains little that is creditable from any 
 point of view. The games were lo.st by humiliating scores, and 
 though the income was the largest ever received up to that time, 
 there was a deficit at the end of the season. Certain it is that 
 every loyal Minnesotan would like to see the record of football 
 for that season wiped off the slate, for it contains not one item 
 to be proud of. 
 
 Beginning with 1898, changes for the better were inaugurated. 
 The management of football was placed in the hands of a board 
 which could be held responsible. This fact alone, insured stu- 
 dent support, which had been alienated by the practices of years 
 just preceding. The sejusons of 1898 and 1'899 were not wholly 
 successful, from the standpoint of games won, but they showed 
 fine spirit and served as a foundation upon which later success 
 was won. The business management of the season 1898 was one 
 of the most remarkable records of such management in the his- 
 tory of the University. Against all but overwhelming odds, the 
 management came through the season with a decreased deficit, 
 the main credit belonging to M'essrs. Piilsbury and Phelps, who
 
 86 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 devoted themselves to the work in a way that won success. 
 The year 1899 marks the securing- of Northrop field and the 
 bringing of football contests to the campus. This is due almost 
 wholly to the work of Professor Jones and to Governor John S. 
 Pillsbury. This year the system of alumni coaching was tried, 
 and was reasonably successful, and to this day the coaching of 
 the alumni, who have volunteered their assistance to the paid 
 coach, has been a large factor in the success of ihe teams of 
 later years. 
 
 In IGOC, Dri Henry L. Williams was brought to the Universi- 
 ty, under a three-year contract and placed in charge of athlet- 
 ics, as athletic director, and especially as coach to the football 
 team. While prospects were none too bright at the opening of 
 the year, he succeeded, with the cooperation of the members of 
 the squad, the student body and the alumni, in turning out, what 
 he himself has since declared to be one of the most efficient 
 teams ever turned out anywhere. The years since then have 
 seen the growth of a widespread interest in football, such as 
 the greatest enthusiast of the early days never dreamed. Foot- 
 ball was everything until there grew up a feeling that it was 
 occupying entirely too large a place in University life and the 
 wave of reform came in the fall of 1905 and caused a complete 
 overhauling of the rules and regulations governing the game and 
 the administration of everything connected with the same. These 
 reforms were of two kinds, the one affecting the game itself, in 
 wliich the main thought was to make the game less dang'erous 
 to life and limb and, as secondary to this end, the making of 
 the g-ame more open and consequently of greater interest to the 
 spectator; the other directed to righting the abuses which had 
 grown up through the prevalence of the "everything to win" spirit, 
 which had become predominant. The season of 1906 was the 
 first in which these reforms worked out in actual practice, and 
 the general opinion seems to be that great gains have been made 
 in both directions and that little, if anything has been lost, 
 through the changes which have been wrought. 
 
 Footliall nas gone through five periods of changes, at this 
 institution. The first, that of beginnings, from 1880 to 1890; 
 the second, that of supremacy, from 1890-94, inclusive; third, de- 
 cline. 1895-97, inclusive; fourth, revival, growth, and finally what 
 was popularly termed, "football run mad;" fifth, reform and sane 
 football and sane management. 
 
 Football has teen a large factor in University life. Beg-inning 
 with the victory over Michigan, in 1892, gave Minnesota a stand 
 with the best in the west, and that idea, ornce planted, grew until 
 Minnesota was recognized as a factor In western education to 
 be reckoned with. The growth of a college spirit, has been par- 
 allel with the growth of football and the triumph of sane ideals 
 of the past two seasons, has been a distinct step in advance for 
 tollege spirit. See Gopher of 1901, page 268, for a history of 
 football in the University. 
 
 1889— Minnesota vs. ex-collegians, 10-0; vs. *Shattuck, 8-2<8 
 vs. Shattuck. 26-0; vs. ex-collcgians, 2-0. 
 
 IggO—Minresota vs. *Shattuck, 58-0; vs. ex-oollegiaiis, 0-0; vs 
 Grinnell, 18-13: vs. Wineonsin, 63-0; vs. ex- collegians, 11-14; vs 
 ex-colleglans, 14-6. 
 
 1391 Minnesota vs. ex-collegians, 0-4; vs. Wisconsin, 26-12 
 
 vs. Grinnell, 12-12; vs. University of Iowa, 42-4; vs. Grinnell 
 
 22-14. 
 
 Iggo Minnesota vs. ex-collegians, 18-10; vs. Michigan, 14-« 
 
 vs Grinnell 40-24; vs. Wisconsin, 32-4; vs. Northwestern, 18-12.
 
 UNTVBRSITY OF MINNESOTA. gy 
 
 1893 — Minnesota vs. Michigan, 34-2&; vs. Wisconsin, 40-0; vs. 
 Northwestern, 16-0; vs. Grinnell, 36-6; [vs. Kansas, 12-6; vs. Ham- 
 line, lOi-6.]? 
 
 1894 — Minnesota vs. Grinnell, 10-2; vs. Purdue, 24-0; vs. Beloit, 
 40-0; vs. Wisconsin, 0-6. 
 
 1895 — 'M'irnesota vs. high school, 20-0; [vs. Macalester, 40-0;] 
 vs. Grinnell, 4-6; vs. VVisiconsin, 14-10; vs. boat club, 6-0; vs. 
 Ames, 24-0; vs. Chicago, 10-6; vs. Michigan, 0-20; vs. ex-oollegi- 
 ans, 14-0; vs. Grinnell, 4-6: vs. Purdue, 4-18. 
 
 1896 — 'MinTiesota vs. South high school, 34-0; vs. Central high 
 school. 50-0; vs. Carleton, 16-6; vs. Grinnell, 12-0; vs. Purdue, 
 14-0; vs. Ames, 18-6; vs. ex- collegians, 8-0; vs. Michigan, 4-6; 
 vs. *Kansas, 12-0: vs. * Wisconsin, 0-6. 
 
 1897 — Minnesota vs. South high, 22-0; vs. M'acalester, 26-0; vs. 
 Carleton, 48-6; vs. Grinnell, 6-0; vs. Ames, 10-12; vs. *Purdue, 
 0-6; vs. *Michigan, 0'-14; vs. Wisconsin, 0-3& 
 
 1S98 — Minnesota vs. Carleton, 32-0; [vs. Rush medics, 12-0;] 
 vs. Grinnell, 6-16; v.s. Ames, 0-6; vs. Wisconsin, 0-28; vs. N. D., 
 15-0; vs. Northwestern, 17-6; vs. Illinois, 10-11. 
 
 1899— Minnesota vs. .Shattuck, 40-0; vs. Carleton, 35-5; vs. 
 Ames, 6-0; vs. Grinnell, 5-5; [vs. Alumni, 6-5; vs. Beloit, 5-5;] 
 vs. Northwestern, 5-11; vs. Wisconsin, 0-19; vs. *Cliicago, 0-29. 
 
 1900^Minnesota vs. Central high, 0-0; vs. St. Paul high, 26-0; 
 vs. Macalester, 65-0; vs. Carleton, 44-0; vs. Ames, 27-0; vs. Chi- 
 cago, 6-6; vs. Grinnell, 26-0; vs. N. ©., 34-0; vs. Wisconsin, 6-5; 
 vs. Illinois, 23-0; vs. Northwestern, 21-0; vs. Nebraska, 20-12. 
 
 igOi—Minnesota vs. St. Paul high, 16-0; vs. Carleton, 35-0; 
 vs. Chicago P. and S., 27-0; vs. Nebraska, 16-0; vs. Iowa, 19-0; 
 vs. Haskell, 28-0; vs. N. D., 10-0; vs. Wisconsin, 0-18; vs. North- 
 western, 16-0; vs. Illinois, 16-0. 
 
 1902— Minnesota vs. Hamline, 59-0; vs. Central high, 24-0; vs. 
 Carleton, 33-0; vs. Ames, 16-0; vs. Beloit, 29-0; vs. Nebraska, 0-6; 
 vs. Iowa, 34-0; vs. Grinnell, 102-0; vs. Illinois, 17-5; vs. Wiscon- 
 sin, 11-0; vs. College team, 11-5; vs. Michigan, 6-23. 
 
 1903— Minnesota vs. Central high, 21-6; vs. St. Paul high, 36-0; 
 vs. East high, 37-0; vs. Carleton, 29-0; vs. Macalester, 112-0; vs. 
 Grinnell, 40-0; vs. Hamline, 65-0; vs. Ames, 46-0; vs. Iowa, 75-0; 
 vs. Beloit, 46-0; vs. Wisconsin, 17-0; vs. N. D. Ag. Col., 49-0; 
 vs. Illinois. 32-0; vs. Lawrence, 46-0; vs. Michigan, 6-6. 
 
 ]904 — Minnesota vs. Minneapolis and St. Paul Central high 
 school team.s, 176-0; vs. S. D., 77-0; vs. Shattuck, 74-0; vs. Carle- 
 ton P5-0; vs. St. Thomas, 47-0; vs. N. D., 35-0; vs. Ames, 32-0i; 
 vs. ' Grinnell, 146-0; vs. Nebraska, 16-12; vs. Lawrence, 69-0; vs. 
 Wisconsin. 28-0; vs. Northwestern 17-0; vs. Iowa, 11-0. 
 
 1905 — Minnesota vs. Minneapolis and St. Paul Central high 
 teams 74-0: vs. Shattuck, 33-0; vs. St. Thomas, 42-0; vs. N. £>., 
 45-0- -vs. Ames, 42-0; vs. Iowa, 39-0; vs. Lawrence, 46-0; vs. Wis- 
 \consm, 12-16; vs. S. D., 81-0; vs. Nebraska, 35-0; vs. North- 
 western, 72-6. , ,„ n /-.I,! 
 
 1906— Minnesota vs. Ames, 22-4; vs. Nebraska, 13-0; vs. Chi- 
 cago 4-2; vs. Carlisle, 0-17; vs. Indiana, 8-6. 
 
 ig'oY—Minnesota vs. Ames, 8-0; vs. Nebraska, 8-5; vs. Chicago, 
 12-18- vs Carlisle, 10-12; vs. Wisconsin, 17-17. 
 
 FOOTBALL CAPTAI NS— 1887, Howard T. Abbott; 1888, Alfred 
 F Pillsbury 1889, Alfred F. Pillsbury; 1890. Horace R. Robinson; 
 1891 William J. Leary; 1S92. Alfred F. Pillsbury; 1S93, James 
 E. Madigan: 1894. Everhart P. Harding; 1895, Augustus 1. Lar- 
 son- 1896 John M. Harrison; 1897, John M. Harrison; 1898. Henry 
 A. Scandrett; 1899, Henry A. Scandrett; 1900, Leroy A. Page; 
 1901 Warren C. Knowlton; 1902, John G. Flynn ; 1903 Edward 
 Rogers: 1904, Moses L. Strathern; 1906, Earl Current; 1906, Earl 
 Current; 1907, John Schuknecht.
 
 88 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 THE FORENSIC HONOR LEAGUE— Organized at the Uni- 
 versity as a purely local honorary fraternity, in 1904. Its mem- 
 bership is limited to men who have represented Minnesota in an 
 intercx).Ilegiato forensic contest. Its active membership is con- 
 fined to men duly elected and resident at the University. In 
 May, 1906, representatives of the universities of Michigan, Wis- 
 consin, Illinois, Nebraska, Iowa and Northwestern, ujxin the ini- 
 tiative of Minnesota, met and organized this previously local fra- 
 ternity into an intercollegiate honorary fraternity, under the 
 name of Delta Sigma Rho. 
 
 FORAGE SHOP— Erected in 1895 and remodeled in 1901, at a 
 cost of $5,000. It is 33x60 feet and is equipped with 44 forges, 
 seven vises, a footpower trip-hammer, drill press, shear, tire 
 shrinker, and all necessary tools for farm blacksmithing. A blast 
 fan furnishes blast for all the fires, and two large exhaust fans 
 take away the smoke, giving almost perfect ventilation. 
 
 FORUM, The — An organization of men limited to thirty mem- 
 bers who are banded together for the purpose of cultivating the 
 spirit of fraternity, honesty, good citizenship and culture, and to 
 secure training in oratory and debate. Organized October 11, 1894. 
 
 FOSTER, Burnside — Born in 1861 at Worcester, Mass. A. B. 
 Yale, 1882; M. D., Harvard, 1886; clinical professor and demon- 
 strator of dermatology since the organization of the college of 
 medicine and surgery to date. Editor of the St. Paul Medical 
 journal. Lowry building, St. Paul. 
 
 FRAIKEN, Harry J. — Instructor in iron work, 1891-92. 
 
 FRANKFORTER, George Bell— Born April 22, 1860, Potter, 
 Ohio. Lincoln, Neb., high school; B. A., Nebraska, M. A., Ne- 
 braska; Ph. D., Royal university of Berlin, where he studied four 
 years: one year in Royal mining academy, Berlin. One year 
 teacher of chemistrj', geology and physics, Lincoln, Neb., high 
 school; four yearp as instructor in chemistry and music. Uni- 
 versity of Nebraska: lecturer on chemistry and professor of ana- 
 lytical chemistry, same institution; commissioner of the United 
 States mint; special water analyst for U. _S. geological survey. 
 Professor of chemistry, University, 1893-95;" and director of the 
 laboratory, 1895 to date; and dean of the school of chemistry, 
 1902 to date. Author of papers Opium Alkaloids Resulting in the 
 Synthesis of Alkaloidal Narceine; Preparation of Sodium Nar- 
 ceiate (Anti-spasmine) ; The Alkaloidal Vertarine; on Isopyrum 
 Resulting in the Discovery of the Alkaloidal Isopyroine; on Phy- 
 tolacca Decandra; on Formaldehyde, including a new method of 
 volumetric determination; its liberation from solution for disin- 
 fecting purposes, by means of potassium permanganate; on the 
 Terpines, including two new terpines; The Chlorohydrochlorides; 
 Some New Forms of Lecture Apparatus; Qualitative Analysis, 
 Staedoler, Kolbe, Abeljance, Frankforter, translated, revised and 
 enlarged. Fellow of American association for the advancement 
 of r.clence; member Deutchen chemischen gesellschaft; member 
 Electrochemischen gesellschaft; Society of chemical Industry; 
 American chemical society; Society for the promotion of engineer- 
 ing education; American health association. 526 East River Park- 
 way. 
 
 FRANKLIN, Benjamin, Winona— Regent 1868 to date of deatn, 
 August 19th, 186S. 
 
 FRARY, Francis C. — Instructor in chemistry, 1905 to aate 
 Leave of absence, studying in Germany, 1906-07. 3108 Garfield 
 avenue.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 3q 
 
 FRATERNITIES AT MINNESOTA— Alpha Delta Phi, Alpha Kap- 
 pa Kappa, Alpha Tau Omega, Alpha Zeta, Beta Theta Pi, Chi Psi, 
 Delta Chi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Delta Phi Delta, Delta Sigma 
 Delta, Delta Tau Delta, Delta Upsilon, Kappa Sigma, Nu Sigma 
 Nu, Phi Beta Pi. Phi Chi, Phi Delta Phi, Phi Delta Theta, Phi 
 Gamma Delta, Phi Kappa Psi, Phi Rho Sigma, Pi Beta Phi, Psi 
 Upsilon, Scabbard and Blade, Sigma Alpha E.psilon, Sigma Chi, 
 Sigma Nu, Theta Delta Chi, Theta Phi (local, extinct), Xi Psi 
 Phi, Zeta Psi. 
 
 FRATERNITY HOUSES— The following named fraternities 
 own their own houses. Alpha Delta Phi, 1725 University avenue 
 southeast; Beta Theta Pi, 1625 University avenue southeast; Chi 
 Psi, 1515 University avenue southeast; Delta Kappa Epsilon, 1711 
 University avenue southeast; Delta Tau Delta, 1009 University 
 avenue southeast; Delta Upsilon, 314 Union street southeast; Phi 
 Kappa Psi, 1611 University avenue southeast; Sigma Nu, 40O 
 Washington avenue southeast; Theta Delta Ohi, 100 Beacon street 
 southeast. 
 
 The following own their lots and will build in the near future: 
 Alpha Phi, Phi Gamma Delta, Psi Upsilon, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 
 
 FRAZIER, William Hardy— Born March 6, 18S3, Waynetown, 
 Ind. Wabash college, preparatory and two years college work; B. 
 S., University school of chemistry, 1907. Assistant in chemical 
 laboratory, Wabash college, 1903-04; assistant in chemistry. Uni- 
 versity experiment station, 1906-07; instructor in agricultural 
 chemistry, 1907 to date. 1155 Raymond avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 FREEMAN, Edward Monroe— Born February 12, 1875, St. Paul, 
 Mmn. St. Paul high s-jhooi; B. S., University, 1898; M. A., 1899; 
 Ph. D. 1905; did graduate work at Cambridge, England, 1901-02. 
 Instructor in botany and pharmacognosy. University, 1898-01; 
 assistant professor of botany, 1902-05. Pathologist in charge of 
 diseases of grain crops, U. S. Department of agriculture, 1905-07; 
 professor of botany and vegetable pathology, department of ag- 
 riculture, 1907 to date. Author of Seed Fungus of Lolium Temul- 
 entum L. Th. Darnel; Observations on Constantinea; Observa- 
 tions on Chlorochytrium; a Preliminary List of Erysipheae; a Pre- 
 liminary List of Minnesota Uredineae; Mycoplasm; Experiments 
 in Brown Rust of Bromes; Symbiosis in the Genus Lolium; Min- 
 nesota Pla.it Diseases. St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 FRELIN, Julius T. — Born March 13, 1870, in France. Public 
 schools of France; Mankato state normal school; B. A., Universi- 
 ty, 1905. Taught nine years in the graded and high schools of 
 Minnesota; nine months among the Igorrote head hunters on 
 North Luzon, P. I., and two years among the semi-civilized tribes 
 of same. Scholar in Fiench, University, 1904; instTuctor, 1905; 
 assistant professor since 1907. 1523 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 FRIDLEY, A. M., St. Anthony— Regent 1855-1860. 
 
 FRUIT BREEDING FARM — This farm was purchased by the 
 regents July 20. 1907, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 334 
 of the laws of 1907. The farm was purchased of Daniel i^lnk for 
 $105 per acre, there being 77.89 acres, the purchase price was 
 $8,178.45. The land lies in section 7, of township 116, range 23 
 West (Carver county). The buildings on the farm Include a 
 farm house, dairy house and log barn and lumber sufficient to 
 erect a frame barn. There is also a good well and a wind mill 
 on the farm. It was figured that the cost of the land, exclusive 
 of improvements, was about $75 an acre. The appropriation for 
 this purpose was $16,000, and it is expected that eighty acres 
 more will be purchased. The appropriation also included, $2,000 
 annually for support.
 
 90 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 FRY, Susannah — Born in Ohio. Ohio Wesleyan university, 
 1878; Syracuse, 1881. Traveled and studied in Europe 1873-74. 
 Professor of belles letters in Illinois Wesleyan university from 
 1876-90. Professor of English in University Minnesota for 1892, 
 during the absence of Dr. MacLean in Europe. 
 
 FULTON, John F. — Professor of ophthalmology and otology 
 1888-03. 
 
 FURBER, J. W., Cottage Grove— Regent 1851-54. 
 FYANS, Joseph E. L.— Instructor in French, igOS-OS. 
 GAINES, Alvin D. — Instructor in language, history and music,' 
 school of agriculture, 1895-98. 
 
 GALE, Harlow Stearns — A native of the city of Minneapolis. 
 Graduated at the Central high school in 1880. Entered Yale in 
 the fall of 1881, and w^as graduated with degree of A. B. in 1885. 
 The tvsro following years were spent at the University of Minne- 
 sota, pursuing post-graduate work in economics under Dr. Fol- 
 well, while he studied ethics by himself. Spent two years in 
 philosophy at Yale, one year at Cambridge under Professor Sidg- 
 wick in logic and ethics four years in Leipsic spent under Wundt, 
 ■wnth the exceptions of one semester at the University of Minne- 
 sota. In the fall of 1894 accepted the positon of instructor in 
 psychology which position he held until 1903. Independent in- 
 vestigator and teacher in this city. 
 GALLOW, John E.— Janitor 1881-86. 
 
 GAMMA PHI BETA — Kappa chapter established in 1902. 
 Founded at Syracuse in 1784. 1413 University avenue southeast. 
 GAUMNITZ, Daniel A. — B. Ag., University, 1904; assistant in- 
 structor in animal husbandry, 1904-07; assistant professor of ani- 
 mal husbandry, 1907 to date. Member of the board of directors 
 of the General alumni association. St. Anthony Park. 
 
 GEIST, Emil S. — Clinical assistant in orthopedia, 1905 to date. 
 1030 Andrus building. 
 
 GENERAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION — Movement started at 
 commencement time in 1900. Constitution adopted January 30th, 
 1904. Membership composed of graduates of all departments of 
 the University. Any matriculate of the University, who 'has not 
 graduated is entitled to associate membership, and any member, 
 or ex-member, of the teaching or governing staff of the Univer- 
 sity is entitled to honorary membership in this association. Life 
 membership fee is $10. Annual dues for those not life mem- 
 bers, 50 cents. The object of this association Is the promotion 
 of the welfare of the University in any way possible and to keep 
 the alumni in touch with their alma mater and with each other 
 through the offlcial organ of the association, the Minnesota Al- 
 umni Weekly; the furnishing of such specific information as may 
 be sought by any graduate or former matriculate of the Univer- 
 sity; in connection with the University or any of its organiza- 
 tions; the disbursing of contributions made for specific objects 
 connected with the University; and the maintenance of a list of 
 the names and addresses of all graduates and former matriculates 
 of the University. The affairs of the association are managed 
 by a board of directors, made up of two representatives elected 
 from each college alumni association. Each representative serv- 
 ing two years, their terms expiring on alternate years. The an- 
 nual meetings of this association are ordinarily two — the annual 
 business meeting held on the anniversary of the founding of the 
 University, February 18th, and the annual picnic on alumni day
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. 9I 
 
 of commencement week. The association employs a secretary to 
 give liis whole time to the work of the association. The officers 
 are Henry F. Nachtriel/, '82. president, Oscar K. Richardson. 90. 
 Hom^93, vice-president. Charles F. Keyes, '96, Law '99. treas- 
 urer, and E. B. Johnson, '88, secretary. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL CLUB, The— An organization of Instructors and 
 students of the department of geology, for the discussion of geol- 
 ogical problems. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF THE 
 STATE— While this survey is not technically a part of the uni- 
 versity it is so closely identified with the University departments 
 of animal biology, botany and geology that its work is practically 
 identified with the work of the University. To quote from the state 
 geologist in one of his early reports, "There is no question but 
 one of the prime motives of the law (creating this survey) was 
 to introduce another auxiliary force into the State university, 
 by making it a center whence should radiate information con- 
 cerning the natural features of the state, and toward which 
 'should gravitate all collections of natural history that should 
 otherwise be brought to light." The act creating this survey 
 was approved March 1st, 1872, and carried an appropriation of 
 SI 000 annually for the prosecution of the work of the survey. 
 On the 10th of the following March, 1873, an act amending the 
 act creating the survey was passed. This act increased the an- 
 nual appropriation to $2,000 and gave the regents custody and 
 control, and power to sell certain lands granted to the state 
 of Minnesota by the national government to aid In developing 
 the brines of the state. See "Salt spring lands." This act also 
 appropriated $500 for the purchase of apparatus to equip a lab- 
 oratory for the survey. The regents have received cash appro- 
 priations from the state, for prosecuting the work of the survey 
 to the amount of $50,500. The sale of salt spring lands has netted 
 $303 475.23 more; the sale of reports has netted $343.71, and there 
 are still 5000 acres left unsold. The geological survey was natur- 
 ally the first line to be started and prosecuted with vigor and 
 this survey was brought to such a point that the regents thought 
 wise to discontinue further work, for the time being, Decem- 
 ber 1st, 1900. ^ „ m * 
 
 The State Geologist has published reports as follows: Twenty- 
 four annual reports, from 1872-98; and in addition, special and 
 final reports as follows: 
 
 On Lake Superior region, 1866; 
 
 Final reports, six volumes: I, 697pp. 43 pi. 1872-82; II, 695pp. 
 42 pi 1882-85- III, pt. 1, 1885-92, paleontolog>-, 474pp. 41 pi.; pt. 2, 
 1892-96, paleontology, 607pp. 44 pi; IV. 629pp. 31 pi. 1896-98; v, 
 1027pp. 6 pi. structural and petrographical geology, 1898-00; VI, 
 geological atlas with synoptical descriptions, 88 pi. 
 
 Circulars, 1) law ordering survey; 2) relating to botanical 
 survey; 3) museum; 4) duplicates and exchanges in museum; 6) 
 to builders and quarrymen; 6) hydrology and water powers; 7) 
 distribution of specimens. 
 
 Peat for domestic fuel, 1874. 
 Salt spring lands due the state, 1874. 
 
 Preliminary report on building stones, clays, cements, limes, 
 roofing and flagging, and paving stones of Minnesota. 
 Distribution of specimens to normal and high schools. 
 Bulletins: 1) history of geological surveys of Minnesota; 2) 
 preliminary description of perldotytes, gabbros, diabases, and an- 
 desytes of Minnesota; 3) report on botanical work In Minnesota; 
 4) Synopsis of aphidae of Minnesota; 5) natural gas In MInne-
 
 92 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 sota; 6) Iron or«s of Minnesota; 7) mammals of Minnesota; 8) 
 the anorfhosytes of the Minnesota coast of Lake Superior: the 
 laccolitic sills of the norfhwesti coast of Lake Superior: prefatory 
 note on the norian of the northwest; 9) metaspermae of the Min- 
 nesota valley: 10) iron bearing rocks of the M'esabi range. 
 
 The State Botanist has publis'lied, Metaspermae of the Minne- 
 sota vallley, 1892; Minnesota botanical studies, 1894-98; Minnesota 
 plant life, 1899; Minnesota botanical studies, 1898-02; Minnesota 
 plant diseases. 
 
 The State Zoologist has published: Notes on the birds of Min- 
 nesota, 1892; Synopsis of entomostracae of Minnesota, 1895; pre- 
 liminary report on the fishes of Minnesota; Collembola of Minne- 
 sota, 1903. 
 
 GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY MUSEUM— This includes the 
 Kunz collection of minerals, purchased of George F. Kunz; sev- 
 eral suites of crystalline rocks secured from various sources; the 
 Ward collection of casts contributed in part by citizens of Minne- 
 apolis; collections of the rocks, fossils, minerals and economic 
 products of Minnesota; upwards of 9,000 entries gathered by the 
 geological survey of the state; the Sardeson collection of pale- 
 ozoic fossils of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and nelgnboring states, 
 comprising 30,000 specimens: a series of 3,000 thin sections of 
 typical rocks and minerals largely representing Mmnesota locali- 
 ties; purchased material comprising a fine collection of crystals; 
 5,000 minerals and 3,000 specimens of economic minerals and crys- 
 talline rocks, and a collection of over 4,000 photographs and lantern 
 slides. Located in Pillsbury hall as part of the general Univer- 
 sity museum. See also A. S. Williams collection. 
 
 GEROULD, James Thayer— Born October 3d, 1872, Goffstown, 
 N. H. Graduate of Gushing academy of Ashburnliam, Mass., and 
 Dartmouth. Assistant in Dartmouth college library, 1891-96; 
 assistant librarian General theological seminary, 1896-97; chief of 
 department, Columbia university library, 1897-00; librarian of the 
 University of Missouri, 1900-1906. Librarian of Vae University, 
 1906 to date. Author of various articles upon library administi-a- 
 tion in professional journals. 135 East Grant street. 
 
 GIBSON, Frederic M. — Professor (homeopathic) of ophthal- 
 mology, 1895-04. 
 
 GIBSON, Paris, Minneapolis — Appointed regent 1871, re-ap- 
 pointed 1874 and 1877, resigned January 1st, 1880. 
 
 GIDEON, Peter M.— Superintendent of the Minnetonka fruit 
 farm, 1887- 
 
 GIPTS AND BENEFACTIONS— The University has received 
 gifts and trust funds as follows: 1872, $720 from citizens of Min- 
 neapolis for the Ward casts for the museum; 1888, the Students' 
 Christian association building costing $12,000.00; 1890, Pillsbury 
 hall, costing $131,000.00; 1892, $1,000 for the Moses Marston schol- 
 arship in English; $5,000 from the citizens of the city for an ore 
 crushing plant; $7,000 from the city of Minneapolis for sidewalks; 
 1893, small piece of land from S. H. Chute, valued at $1,500.00; 
 1895, $4,166.81, for the Albert Howard scholarship; 1900, the Pills- 
 bury statue, costing $15,000.00; 1901, $5,000.00 from Mrs. Mary E. 
 Elliot, to establish a loan fund to aid needy and deserving stu- 
 dents in thei school of mines, in honor of her husband. Dr. A. P. 
 Elliot; $5,000.00 from John D. Ludden, to be Invested by the 
 regents and the income used to aid needy and deserving students 
 in the school of agriculture; $50,000.00, the gift of John B. Gil- 
 fillan, to be invested by the regents and the income used as a 
 loan fund to aid needy and deserving students to secure an edu-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 93 
 
 cation at the University; 1902, the Dorr fountain, costing about 
 $2,500.00; 8,000.00 by Mrs. Sarah Pillsbury Gale (Mrs. E. C.) the 
 memorial fence in honor of her fatjier, John S. Pillsbury; 1904, 
 six lots in block 3, by the Pillsbury heirs to carry out the ex- 
 pressed wish of John S. Pillsbury, the lots being valued at $15,000; 
 Alfred Fisk Pillsbury enclosed the athletic field with a brick fence 
 at a cost of $15,000.00; Mrs. Martha Smith Cutts, (Mrs. R. E.) 
 gave $500 to be invested and the income thereof to be used to 
 provide a prize in surgery, in memory of her husband, Rollin E. 
 Cutts; John D. Ludden added $5,000.00 to the amount previously 
 contributed by him for a trust fund for the aid of students in 
 the school of agriculture; 1905, by the will of the late Mary E. 
 Elliot, $114,000.00 was left to establish a hospital at tbe Univer- 
 sity in honor of the memory of her husband Dr. Adolphus F. El- 
 liot,; 1906, Thomas H. Shevlin, of Minneapolis, gave the Univer- 
 sity Alice Shevlin hall, at a cost of $60,000'.00; tne students' me- 
 morial statue was erected by subscription of private individuals, 
 aided by a $500 grant by the state and the donation of the cost 
 of a foundation of concrete, by the University, at a cost of about 
 $5,000.00; 1907, by the will of the late John D. Ludden, $15,000.00 
 was added to the $10,000.00 already contributed to a trust fund 
 to aid students in the school of agriculture; $40,000.00 was raised 
 among the business men of Minneapolis, through the efforts of 
 the faculty and alumni of the college of medicine and surgery, 
 for a site for the Elliot hospital. 
 
 In addition to all these gifts, various individuate have con- 
 tributed nearly if not quite $10,0*0 to establish prizes, scholar- 
 ships and fellowships of a more or less permanent nature. A 
 contribution of $500 from citizens of Minneapolis for books for 
 the library of the Scandinavian department has been received this 
 year. 
 
 GILFILLAN, John B., Minneapolis— Regent 1881-1887. Born 
 Barnet, Vt., February 11th, 1835; common schools and academic 
 education; came to Minnesota in 1855; admitted to the bar in 
 1860; four times city attorney of St. Anthony, four times county 
 attorney of Hennepin county; state senator 1876-85; congress- 
 man 1885-87; president 1st National Bank 1903-05; since 1905, chair- 
 man of the board of directors; member of the Minneapolis soci- 
 ety of fine arts; member of the Minneapolis and LaFayette clubs. 
 See Gilflllan trust fund. 222 Clifton avenue. 
 
 GILFrLLAN, James T. — Clinical assistant in medicine, 1902 
 to date. 388 Prior avenue. St. Paul. 
 
 GILFILLAN PRIZES, The — These prizes were established by 
 the Honorable John B. Gilflllan, in 1894, for the Tiest specimens 
 of English prose divided as follows: $40, $35, $10. In 1905, these 
 prizes were awarded to Arthur L. Helliwell, for an essay on "Eng- 
 lish Puritanism," first; McD. White, for an essay on "Social func- 
 tion of art," second; Edwin H. Hewitt, for an essay on "Art 
 impulse," third. In 1896, to Edwin H. Hewitt. In 1897, first prize 
 was not awarded. Second prize was awarded to Jessie M. Young, 
 for an essay entitled "Grover Cleveland." Third prize went to 
 George C. Dunlap for an essay on "Evils of the county jail sys- 
 tem." In 1898, the first prize was awarded to Charles W. Jerome 
 for "The monkj a parable;" second to W. M. Jerome for "Joan 
 of Arc;" third to Hettae G. Bue'hler for "One of nature's gentle- 
 men;" In 1899. the first prize was awarded to W. M. Jerome, for 
 an essay upon "Joan of Arc;" second and third places were tied 
 between Vesta M. Cornish, with her essay upon "Abolition of 
 war" and Harriet L. Helliwell, with her essay upon "The ser- 
 vices of the Jesuits."
 
 94 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 GILFILLAN TRUST FUND, The — The Honorable John B. Gu- 
 fillan has given to the University the sum of fifty thousand dol- 
 lars, yielding an annual income of two thousand dollars, to be used 
 by the board of regents to assist worthy students, needing such 
 aid, to secure an education. The regents are empowered to give 
 this aid in the way of loans or gifts, according to the circum- 
 stances of the case. As a rule the fund is used as a loan fund, 
 and a small rate of interest is charged. The details or the regu- 
 lations which have been adopted by the regents for tne adminis- 
 tration of the fund may be learned by addressmg the president 
 of the University. 
 
 GILL, James H. — Instructor in iron work, 1892-01. 
 
 GILLETTE, Arthur J. — Clinical instructor in diseases of chil- 
 dren, 1895-96; clinical instructor in orthopedia, 1896-97; professor 
 of orthopedia, 1897 to date. Seven corners, St. Paul. 
 
 GILLETTE-HERZOG PRIZES, The — Established in 1892, by 
 the Gillette-Herzog manufacturing company. Three cash prizes, 
 $75, $50, $25, each accompanied by a gold medal, for the best, 
 second best and third best, theses upon a civil, mechanical or 
 electrical engineering subject. These prizes have been awarded, 
 as follows: in 1892, first to Leo Goodkind; second to James H. 
 Gill; in 1893, first to D. C. Washburn, for a design of a steel 
 frame for a machine shop or iron foundry; in 1894, to A. O. Cun- 
 ningham, for a design of a steel arch bridge; and second to Hat- 
 tde E. Wells, for a design for wrought iron gate; in 1895, first to 
 L. .H. Chapman, for a design for a swing bridge; second to H. L. 
 Tanner, for a design for a rotary induction motor and alternate 
 current generator; in 1896, first to C. Paul Jones, for an original 
 design for the steel frame of a ten-story office building; second 
 to C. Edward Magnusson, for specifications for an electric light 
 plan1\ for the Gillette-Herzog company; in 1897, first to E. A. 
 Lee, for an original design for a Bascule bridge; second to F. B. 
 Walker and C. H. Cross, for tests of shearing strength of wire 
 nails; in 1898, first to F. G. Tracy and W. L. Kinsell for a study 
 of lighting trains; second to T. L. Daniels, a study of friction 
 of shaft bearings; in 1899, first to W. P. Richardson and E. K. 
 Wennprlund, for a thesis entitled Pressure and power required 
 to drill sheet metal; in 1903, first to Paul I. Gunstad, for thesis. 
 Effect of freezing on concrete, and second to M. E. Anderson and 
 S. G. Reque. for thesis on Train lighting by electricity, and third 
 to G. J. Houts and Jake Danner, for Re-design of power plant 
 for C. M. & St. P., Ry. shops. 
 
 GIRLS' HOME BUILDING— Erected in 1897, at a cost of 
 $37,000. Constructed of Milwaukee brick, 62 x 114 feet. This con- 
 tains a large parlor and rooms for the preceptress, lecture room 
 for department of home administration and dormitory rooms for 
 ninety students, arranged in suites of three — a common sitting 
 room and two alcove bedrooms, for the accommodation of two 
 students. Located at the University department of agriculture. 
 
 GLASOE, Paul M. — Assistant in chemistry, 1895-96. Instructor 
 in chemistry. 1898-02. Alumni Fellow, 1897-98. M. S. in 1898 for 
 original work on the camphor group. Ph. D. '02. Sigma Xi. Later 
 professor of chemistry and treasurer of St. Olaf College, North- 
 field, Minn. Now president of Spokane college, Spokane, Wash. 
 
 GLEE CLUB, The — Is an organization of men who associate 
 themselves for the purpose of securing training in music and to 
 give public concerts both in the city and in other cities near by. 
 The members are chosen on the basis of musical ability and the 
 club usually numbers about twenty members. Rehearsals are kept up
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 95 
 
 during the college year under the direction of a competent in- 
 structor and concerts are usually given in connection with the 
 mandolin club, which is an independent organization. 
 
 GLENN, Edwin F. — Professor of military science and tactics, 
 1888-1891. Born in N. C, in 1857. West Point, '77. Assigned 
 to 25th infantry in Texas. Transferred to Port Snelling, in 1882. 
 Promoted to first lieutenant in 1884 and assigned to Co. B. 25th 
 infantry. Graduate in law at the University in 1891. After grad- 
 uating in law he was associated with Flandreau, Squires & Cutch- 
 eon, of St. Paul. Later, for two years, he was a member of the 
 law firm of Stevens, O'Brien & Glenn. In 1894 he was appointed 
 captain and acting judge advocate U. S. A., and assigned to duty 
 at the headquarters of the department of Dakota. He had several 
 years service in the Philippines and now holds rank as Major in 
 U. S. A. and is stationed at Columbus barracks, Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 GLENN, W. M.— Assistant in medicine, 1894-98. 
 
 GLOVER, A. J. — Instructor in sweet-curd work, 1895-01. 
 
 GOODALE, Thomas H, ("Sid") — Mr. Goodale was placed in 
 charge of the construction of the old main building, 'away back 
 in the seventies and it is said that this building was one of the 
 best constructed on the campus. In later years he became dement- 
 ed and spent most of his time wandering about the city telling 
 his "story" to anyone who would listen. The campus was one 
 of his favorite haunts, and the old gentleman surrounded by a 
 group of students listening to his "story" was a familiar sight 
 on the campus for many years. Mr. Goodale died May 8th, 1907, 
 at his home in this city. 
 
 GOODRICH, Asa F. — Professor (homeopathic) of skin and gen- 
 ito-urinary diseases, 1897-99. 
 
 GOODRICH, Judd — Born June 3d, 1869, Minneapolis. Minneap- 
 olis high school; one year academic, M. D., 1895, University. Clin- 
 ical instructor in surgery since 1899. 155 Lowry Arcaide, St. Paul. 
 
 GOPHER, The — The custom of issuing an annual by the Jun- 
 ior class of the University, was inaugurated by the class of 1888. 
 But one annual had been issued prior to that date, that which 
 was issued by the class of 1885. The Gopher has been issued 
 each year since the series was started In ISSS. The Gopher, in 
 common with other annuals of similar character, deals with Uni- 
 versity life from the student standpoint. It chronicles the prog- 
 ress of the University and the various societies and organization's, 
 the serious and valuable work being done by student organiza- 
 tions, and includes humorous hits at various members of the stu- 
 dent body and of the University faculty. 
 
 GOULD, Chester N. — Instructor in rhetoric. 1899-1900. Grad- 
 uate of the University, class of 1899. Ph. D., Chicago. 1907. 
 Gi-aduate student abroad, 1907. Instructor in German, Dartmouth 
 college. 
 
 GRADUATE CLUB — This is an organization of instructors and 
 students in the graduate school for the purpose of fostering a 
 greater interest in graduate work, for mutual help, and for the 
 discussion of topics under investigation. 
 
 GRADUATE SCHOOL, The — Gathers Into a single organization 
 and unites for the purposes of administration all the activities of 
 the University in all its schools and colleges in so far as they 
 relate to advanced instruction offered for the second or higher 
 degrees, viz; Master of arts and Doctor of philosophy conferred 
 for advanced, non-technical study; Master of science and Doctor 
 of science for technical study; Master of laws and Doctor of civil
 
 06 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 law for advanced legal studies. The privileges of this school are 
 in general open to all bachelors of arts, of science, pure and 
 applied, and of laws, from reputable colleges and universities 
 'having courses substantially equivalent to those at this University. 
 
 More or less graduate work has been provided from the very 
 beginning of the University, and there has been an informal organ- 
 ization of the graduate work of the University into a graduate 
 department, but its formal organization and recognition did not 
 come until the meeting of the board of regents, held December 
 12th, 1905. The fee for graduate work was made $20 a year, and 
 Dl'. Henry T. Eddy, was elected dean at that time. The grad- 
 uate school embraces all the work of all departments offering 
 graduate work and its faculty consists of all persons giving in- 
 struction to graduate students. It is specially provided that any 
 pei-son giving instruction in the school shall not be required to 
 pay fee for work done in the school. 
 
 GRADUATES, School of Agriculture — 870 — men 674, women 196. 
 
 GRAHAM, Christopher — Professor of veterinary medicine and 
 surgery, 1892-93. Now a member of the firm of Drs. Mayo, Graham 
 and company of Rochester, Minn. 
 
 GRAND RAPIDS EXPERIMENT STATION BUILDINGS— 
 These include a dwelling house, a general ,barn, a dairy barn, a 
 small 'house and root cellar. $3,000 was appropriated by the legis- 
 lature of 1907, to make additions to these buildings. 
 
 GRANGE, E. A. A. — Lecturer on diseases of domestic animals, 
 1882-83. 
 
 GRANRUD, John Evenson — Born August 5th, 1863, Hedenmark- 
 en, Norway. Came to Minnesota in 1865; A. B. '86, A. M. '90, 
 Luther college; Ph. D. 1892, Cornell, magna cum laude. Teacher 
 at Albert Lea Lutheran academy, 1888-89; principal of Bode acad- 
 emy, 1889-90; professor of Latin, St. Olaf college, 1892-94; acting 
 professor of Latin, Luther college, 1894-97; assistant, later instruc- 
 tor in Latin at Michigan university, 1897-99; instructor in Latin 
 at the University, 1899-1903; assistant professor of Latin 1903 to 
 ■date. Author of Five years of Alexander Hamilton's Public Life, 
 1894 ; Roman Constitutional History 1902; papers before various 
 classical and philological and educational associations; contributions 
 to newspapers and various other periodicals; Member of the Thu- 
 lanian cUib; member of board of regents of United Norwegian 
 Lutheran church; vice-president for Minnesota of the Classical 
 association of the Middle West and South. 605 Delaware street 
 southeast. 
 
 GRANT, ULYSSES S.— Instructor in geology, 1897-98. Grad- 
 uate of the university class of 1888. Now professor of geology of 
 Northwestern university and geologist on the U. S. geological 
 survey. 
 
 GRAVES, Charles W. — Instructor of military band at Univer- 
 sity 1893-: Principal musician of the 3d Infantry U. S'. band. 
 
 GRAY, John Henry— Born March 11th, 1859, Charleston, 111. 
 Illinois State normal. Normal, 111.; B. A., Harvard, 1887, with 
 special honors in political science; instructor at Harvard, three 
 semesters, 1888-89; Harvard travelling fellowship, 1889-92; two 
 semesters at Halle, 1889-90; seven months at Paris, 1890-91; sum- 
 mer semester, 1891, at Vienna; seven months, 1891-92 at Berlin; 
 Ph D., Halle, 1892: Professor of political science, head of the de- 
 partment, 1892-1907, Northwestern university, Evanston, 111. Pro- 
 fessor of political science, head of the department. University, 1907 
 to date. Chairmon of the "World congress on political science, 
 Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893; chairman of municipal com-
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. 97 
 
 mittee of the Civic federation of Chicago, 1894-96; first vice-presi- 
 dent American economic association, 1897-98; expert, U. S. de- 
 partment of labor, 1902-03, to investigate restriction of output in 
 Great Britain; represented the U. S. commissioner of labor at 
 the International cooperative congress, Manchester, England, June 
 1902; represented the United States at the International congress 
 on insurance of laboring men, Dusseldorf, Germany, June 1902; 
 and the InternatiomU congress on commerce and industry, Ostend, 
 Belgium, August, 1902. Author of Die' Stellung der Privaten 
 . Beleuchtnugsgeselschaftcn zu Stadt und Staat; Die Erfarungln 
 Wein, Paris, and Massachusetts, Jena, 1893, The Pacts of Munici- 
 pal Ownership, being full report of National civic federation com- 
 mission, about three hundred pages supplied by Dr. Gray; author 
 of many miscellaneous articles dealing mainly with various prob- 
 lems relating to his specialty; editorial writer on the World Re- 
 view, Chicago, for 1901-02; various articles upon municipal owner- 
 ship of public utilities corporations; public lecturer on economic 
 subjects: Dr. Gray's writings have been collected into three vol- 
 umes, (not published). 406 Eleventh avenue southeast. 
 
 GRAY, THOMAS J. — Professor (homeopathic) of the principles 
 and practice of surgery and the history and methodology of medi- 
 cine, 1S95-1901. Deceased. 
 
 GREEK CLUB, The — An organization of students, and alumni, 
 and faculty, who are interested in the study of Greek life, lan- 
 guage and literature. A monthly meeting is held and papers are 
 read, old Greek games indulged in and a social time enjoyed. Its 
 purpose is to promote interest in the study of Greek and to unite 
 the efforts of those who are interested in the subject for mutual 
 help and enjoyment. 
 
 GREEN, Eugene K.'— Born September 12th, 1870. Minneapolis, 
 Minn. B. A. University, 1895; M. D. 1903. Principal of Lamber- 
 ton, Minn., schools, 1895 to 1899. Assistant clinical instructor in 
 medicine, 1906 to date. 1225 Washington avenue north. Res. 1419 
 north Emerson avenue. 
 
 GREEN, Samuel B. — Born September 15th, 1859, Chelsea, Mass. 
 Public schools of Massachusetts and Massachusetts agricultural 
 college. Nine years practical experience in nursery business, fruit, 
 vegetable and seed growing. Professor of horticulture and for- 
 estry, 1888 to date. Author of Amateur Fruit Growing; Vegetable 
 Gardening; Principles of American Forestry; Forestry in Minne- 
 sota; Outline for Greenhouse I.,aboratory Work; Course in Fruit 
 Growing for Movable Schools of Agriculture; and various bulletins 
 of the Minnesota experiment station. Secretary of the Minnesota 
 state 'horticultural society, 1890; President of the same. 1907; mem- 
 ber Minnesota state forestry board; member of the Board of 
 administration of state farmers' institutes. 2095 Commonwealth 
 avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 GREEN, Charles Lyman — Born Sept. 21. 1862, Gray, Maine. 
 Educated at High school, Portland, Maine; Ann Arbor. Michigan; 
 M. D., T^niversity 1890; graduate work in London, 1890-91; Johns 
 Hopkins. 1893; Harvard, 1894. 1895. and 1897; London. 1902; Heidel- 
 berg and Berne. 1906. Home physician. City and county hospital, 
 St. Paul, 1889-1890; Interne, Great Ormond St. hospital. London, 
 1890; assistant city and county physician. St. Paul, 1891; attend- 
 ing physician. City and county hospital. St. Luke's ho.spltal. St. 
 Paul free dispensary: medical director of ttie Minnesota mutual 
 life insurance company; member of the State board of health; 
 Instructor in applied anatomy, TTniversity of Minnesota, 1891-93: 
 physical diagnosis and clinical medicine. 1893-97; clinical professor 
 1897-1903; professcr of theory and practice of medicine, 1903-date.
 
 q8 dictionary of the 
 
 specialist, internal medicine; member of the Association of Amer- 
 ican physicians; American medical association. Author of "New 
 Method of Controlling Pernicious Vomiting," "Widal Reaction;" 
 "Diago Reaction;" "Early Recognition of Aneurism of the Aortic 
 Arch;" "New Fluoroscopic and Percussion Sign of Unilateral 
 Pleuritic IiTxudate." Textbooks "Medical Examination for Life 
 Insurance and its Associated Clinical Methods;" "A Manual of 
 Medical Diagnosis." Address, 150 Dowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 GREENWOOD, W. W. — Instructor in mechanical drawing, 1891- 
 92. 
 
 GREGG, Oren C. — Born November 2nd, ISl."), Enosburgh, Vt. 
 Educated in the common schools and academic and collegiate in- 
 stitute of Vermont and New York. Came to Minnesota in 1865, 
 CJounty auditor of Dyon county for ten years. Superintendent of 
 the Farmers' Institutes from the spring of 1885 until August 1907. 
 Breeder of dairy cattle, Coteau Farm, Dynd, Minn. See North- 
 western /igricultuiist. May 11th, ls)07. 
 
 GROAT, Benjamin F. — Instructor in mechanics, 1898-00, in- 
 structor in mathematics and mechanics, school of mines 1900-01; 
 assistant professor, 1901 to date. School of mines. 
 
 GROUT, Frank Fitch— Born January 24th, 1880, Rockford, 111. 
 Rockford high school, 1897; Throop polytechnic institute, 1900; B. 
 S. University, 1904. Assistant in chemistry, 1901-04; instructor in 
 mineralogy. University of Oklahoma, 1906; instructor in mineral- 
 ogy. University, 1907. Chemist of Zenith furnace company, 1904; 
 assistant chemist, "West Virginia geological survey, 1905; assistant 
 chemist, Illinois geological survey, 1906. Author of papers upon 
 The Plasticity of Clay; The Hydrogen of Coal; The Classification 
 of Coal. 1202 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 GROVER, M. D.— Special lecturer, college of law, 1902-03. 
 General counsel for the G. N. Ry. Co. 
 
 GUILD, Allen W. — Superintendent of buildings since 1893. 
 
 GUINEA PIG, The — This publication was issued by the junior 
 classes of the college of the medical department of the Univer- 
 sity, in May 1906. It dealt with the departments which it rep- 
 resented in a manner somewhat after the Gopher. The publica- 
 tion was not continued in 1907. 
 
 GUTHRIE, ANNA LORRAINE'— B. A., University, 1892; ref- 
 erence libraria?!, University, 1893-1904. Editor of the Readers' 
 Guide to Periodical Literature, since 1902; editor of the Cumulated 
 Readers' Guide, published by the H. "W. Wilson company. 
 
 GYMNASIUM, The — Located in the armory, and is well equipped 
 with a variety of gj'mnastic appliances. The object of the gym- 
 nasium is to provide all of the students of the University oppor- 
 tunity for exercise to build up their general health. It also 
 provides special training to correct physical defects and functional 
 derangements. The gymnasium is in charge of a professional 
 medical director and assistants, and the training is under their 
 direct supervision. A thorough physical examination is offered 
 each student immediately before and after the gr>-mnasium course, 
 and a record is made of the same. The examination of these 
 records shows a marked improvement in the standard of health 
 of the average student during his college course. The gymnasium 
 is open at all times to all young men In the University who are 
 free to use the apparatus and to pursue a course of physical 
 training under the direct supervision of the director and his assist- 
 ants. The young women are under the charge of an instructor 
 who devotes her whole time to the work and the north wing of 
 the Armory is set apart for their use. Work in physical culture
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 99 
 
 Is required of all young men and women of the freshman class 
 in the college of science, literature and the arts. 
 
 HAAS, Edward — Assistant in technics and clinics, college of 
 dentistry, lS9o-96. 
 
 HACK, Charles W. — Assistant in practical anatomy, 1897-99. 
 
 HAECKER, A. L.— Instructor in milk testing, 1895-96. 
 
 HAECKER, H. A.— Instructor in dairy laboratory, 1896-99. 
 
 HAECKER, Theophilus L. — Instructor on dairying, 1891-94; 
 professor of dairy husbandry 1894'-1907; professor of dairy hus- 
 bandry and animal nutrition 1907 to date, in charge of dairy 
 husbandry in the Experiment station. Author of many reports 
 on his investigations in the line of dairy husbandry, which appear 
 In the bulletins issued by the experiment station and in the agri- 
 cultural press. 
 
 HAGGARD, George Delaney — Born January 19th, 1857, Pair- 
 port, Minn. Common and high schools, Eau Claire, Wis. Chris- 
 tian college, Oskaloosa, la. 1880; taught three years in schools of 
 Wisconsin and Iowa. M. D. University, 1893; assistant for three 
 years in the department of physiology. Ten years general experi- 
 ence as a machinist. Assistant in physiology, 1903-4; instructor 
 in physiology, 1904 to date. 2400 Chicago avenue. 
 
 HALL, Alexander Ritchie — Born in 1874, Washington, Ont., 
 Canada. Matriculate Ontario, Arts; M. D., C. M., McGill, 1900; 
 M. R. C. S. Eng., L. R. C. P. Lond. 1902. Clinical instructor in 
 medicine 1904 to date. Moore building, St. Paul. 
 
 HALL, Christopher Webber— Born February 28th, 1845, Wards- 
 boro, Vt. Honor man, Middlebury college, 1871; M. A., same, '73; 
 .studied at Leipzig, 1875 77; principal of Glenn's Fall, N. Y.. 
 academy, 1871-72; principal of Mankato high school, 1872-73; super- 
 intendent of city schools, Owatonna, 1873-75; instructor in Uni- 
 versity, 1878-80'; professor of geology, mineralogy and biology, 
 1880-1891; botany instead of biology, 1891-92; professor of geology 
 and mineralogy, 1892 to date; curator of the geological museum, 
 1889 to date; Dean of the college of engineering, metallurgy and 
 the mechanic artjs, 1892-97; Author of History of the University 
 of Minnesota; Geography of Minnesota; and a large number of 
 papers upon subjects related to his specialty. Fellow of the 
 Geological society of America, Association of American geogi-a- 
 phers; American association for the advancement of science; pres- 
 ident of the Geographical society of Minnesota. 803 University av- 
 enue southeast. 
 
 HALL, Earl — Dispensary assistant, 1899 to date. 
 
 HALL, Oscar H. — Professor (homeopathic) of history and 
 methodology of medicine, 1902-1903; associate professor of renal 
 diseases. 1903 to date. Pittsburg building, St. Paul. 
 
 HAMILTON, A. S. — Assistant in the pathology of the nervous 
 system, 1904-06; instructor in same, 1906 to date. 600 Washington 
 avenue southeast. 
 
 HAMILTON CLUB PRIZE, The — The University competes an- 
 nually for this prize. Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin. Iowa, Ohio, 
 Indiana, Northwestern, and Chicago universities and Knox college 
 constitute the league. Each of the colleges named submits one 
 oration upon Alexander Hamilton or some character or event 
 connected with his time. From the orations submitted four are 
 chosen to be delivered before ttie Hamilton club of Chicago. 
 
 In the four years Minnesota has succeeded but once in winning 
 the right to compete in the finals, Theodore Christiansen repre-
 
 100 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 senting the University, the first year, with an oration upon Pat- 
 rick Henry and was given third place in the finals at Chicago, 
 January 11th, 1905. 
 
 HAMLIN, Edward C, St. Cloud — Regent February 14th, 1860- 
 March 4th, 1864. 
 
 HAMLIN. George B.— Born February 10th, 1871, Minneapolis. 
 Grammar and part of high school. Minneapolis; two years Col- 
 orado college; M. D. University, (hom.) 1896. Professor (hom.) 
 pedology, 1906 to date. 126 West Grant street. 
 
 HAMMOND, Asa J. — Assistant in chemistry, 1891-93; instruc- 
 tor, 1893-94. Graduate of the University, classes of 1891. Hom., 
 1896. Now practicing physician in Minneapolis. 
 
 HAND, Daniel W. — Professor of surgery, 1882-1887. 
 
 HANDY, John A. — Instructor in chemistry, 1907 to date. Ph. 
 C, University, 1906. 124 State street southeast. 
 
 HARDING, Everhart Percy — Born August 15, 1870. Waseca, 
 Minn. j>istrict school; Waseca high school, ISSS; B. S., Univer- 
 sitj-, 1894; M. S., 1895; University of Heidelberg, two years gradu- 
 ate work. Ph. D.. 1900. Taught one year in district school; as- 
 sistant In chemistry, 1894-96; irstructor, 1896-99; lecturer, 1901- 
 05: assistant professor, 1905 to date. Author of Chemistry of 
 Wheat; Synthesis and Reduction of Analines; Derivatives of Al- 
 dazine, Reduction Products; Synthesis and Derivatives of Hy- 
 drazmes; Iniproved Apparatus and Modification of Drehschmidts 
 Method for Determining Total Sulphur in Illuminating Gas; Er- 
 ror in Duparquier's Method for Determining Hydrogen Sulphide 
 in Illuminating Gas; A Quantitative Method for Determining Car- 
 bon Bisulphide in a Mixture of Benzene and Carbon Bisulphide; 
 A Quantitative Method of Determining Carbon Bisulphide in Il- 
 luminating Gas; Synthesis of 2.5 Bimethylbenzaldehyde, the Es- 
 tablishment of its Constitution and Preparation of Some Deriva- 
 tives; Synthesis of Dimethylbenzaldazin and Salts of Derivatives. 
 Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi; F. A. A. 1316 Seventh street south- 
 east. 
 
 HARE, Earl Russell — Born 1872, Summerfield. Ohio. Kansas 
 City high r;chool, 1890; Iowa Wesleyan, A. B., 1894; University, 
 M. D., 1900; prosector in anatomy, 1900-07; instructor in anatomy, 
 1907 to date. 327 Fourteenth avenue southeast 
 
 HARPER, David N. — Chemist of the expeiiment station, 1888; 
 professor of agricultural chemistry, 1890-91. 
 
 HARRINGTON, C. D.— Assistant in surgery, 1000-02. 
 
 HART2ELL. Mary V. — ^Student assistant in operative clinic, 
 1892-93; D. M. D.— same title, 1893-96; instructor in operative 
 technics 1S96-97; instructor in dental anatomy, 1897-1901; instruc- 
 tor in comparative dental anatomy, 1901 to date. 
 
 HARTZELL, Thomas B. — Instructor in dental anatomy and 
 assistant in oral surgery clinic, 1892-93; D. M'. D.— instructor in 
 comparative dental anatomy, physical diagnosis, and assistant on 
 oral surgery clinic, 1893-95; M. D.— lecturer on pathology, physical 
 diagnosis and oral surgery, 1895-96; professor pathology and oral 
 (Burgery. 1896-98; professor of pathology, therapeutics and oral 
 surgery, 1898-05; professor of clinical pathology, therapeutics and 
 oral surgery, 1905 to date. 
 
 HARWOOD, A. A., Austin— Regent, 1868 to date of resignation, 
 February 9, 1878.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. loi 
 
 HATCH BILL — This bill was signed and became a law of the 
 United States, March 2, 1S87. Under its provisions the Univer- 
 sity experiment station was organized and has been supported. 
 This bill is intended solely to encourage agricultural experimenta- 
 tion and the University board of regents receive annually, under 
 Its terms, the sum of $15,000. 
 
 HATCH, Dr. P. L. — Author of the bird book of the geological 
 and natural history survey of the state. He was born in 1823 
 and died M'ay 22, 1904, at the age of 81 years. He was at one 
 time a proniinent physician of this city, but for about twenty 
 years before his death had resided in Los Angeles, California. 
 His great interest in the subject caused him to be selected by 
 Professor N. H. Winchell, when he had charge of all the work 
 of the geological and natural history sun-ey, to write a report 
 on the birds of Minnesota. The report appears as volume one 
 of the zoological series of the reports of the State geological and 
 natural history survey and was issued in June, 1892. The volume 
 contains 4S7 pages and is now very scarce, though in consider- 
 able demand. 
 
 HAUGDAHL, Samuel — Instiucior in cultures and starters, 1901- 
 04. 
 
 H AVI LAND, Willis Henry — Professor (homeopathic) of mental 
 and nervous diseases, 1SS9-90. 
 
 HAW LEY, Elizabeth McK. — Assistant in library since 1896; 
 now head of loan department. 323 Eleventh avenue southeast. 
 
 HAW LEY, George M. B. — Quiz master, college of law, 1895- 
 9G. 
 
 HAYNES, Arthur Edwin— Born May 23, 1849, Onondaga county. 
 New York Scientific course. Hillsdale college, subsequently stud- 
 ied four summers at Michigan, Harvard and Cornell. Taught 
 five terms in village schools; five in college before graduating; 
 nine in University summer schools. 15 years in Hillsdale college; 
 three years m Michigan school of mines; assistant professor of 
 mathematics, 1893 to 1896; professor of mathematics, college of 
 engineering. 1896-1901; professor of engineering mathematics, 
 since 1901. Contributor to the annual reports of the Society for 
 the promotion of engineering education, also other educational pa- 
 pers; Member of the Society for the promotion of engineering ed- 
 ucation; American association for the advancement of scienue. 
 Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi. 703 River road east. 
 
 HAYNES, Rowland— Bom July 30, 1878, Worcester, Mass. 
 Public schools of Worcester; A. B. Williams, 1902; 1902-06, stu- 
 dent of Columbia university and Union theological seminary. New 
 York City. 1904-05, fellow in psychology of religion, Clark uni- 
 versity, M. A. '05: 1905-06, assistant in philosophy, Columbia uni- 
 versity. 1902-04. coach of the Williams college debating team. 
 1903-04, social settlement work in New York City. Instructor In 
 psychology, 1907 \o date. 306 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 HAYS, Willet M.— Assistant in agriculture, experiment sta- 
 tion, 1887-90; professor of theory and practice of agriculture, 
 1800-91. Professor of agriculture, 1893; vice chairman and agri- 
 culturist, experiment station, 1894-04. Now assistant secretary of 
 the U. S. Department of agriculture. 
 
 HEAD George Douglas— Born September 19, 1870, Elgin, Minn. 
 
 Fargo N D. high school, 1888; B. S., University, 1892; M. D.. 
 
 1895- graduate work at Johns Hopkins, 1897-00; graduate work In 
 
 internal"" medicine, Vienna, 1903. Public school teacher, 1888;
 
 102 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 assistant in histology, University, lS93-9'5; instructor in clinical 
 microscopy, 1896-04; professor of clinical microscopy and medi- 
 cine, 1904 to date. Author of Protozoa in Human Disease; Experi- 
 ment Demonstration in the use of Tuberculin as a Diagnostic 
 Agent; Leucocyte Count in the Diagnosis of Abdominal Diseases; 
 Cerebro-spinal Meningitis; Value of Newer Signs and Procedures 
 In Diagnosis; Chlorosis, study of twenty cases; L.eucocyte Count 
 in Diagnosis of Diseases of Children: Tuberculin as a Diagnostic 
 Agent; Leucocyte Count in Haemorihage; A Case of Suspected 
 Rabies with Isolation of Bac Dipth; Vienna Letters; Symptoma- 
 tology of Acute Nephritis; Etiological Relationship Between Can- 
 cer and Ulcer of the Stomach; Glenard's Disease, study of twen- 
 ty-five cases. 802 Andrus building. 
 
 HEATH, A, C. — Assistant in diseases of nose and throat, 1898- 
 00. 
 
 HEATING Plant — Completed in 1S90 at a cost of $20,000, and 
 contains the heating apparatus for all the buildings on the cam- 
 pus. 
 
 H EATON Committee — This was a committee of both houses of 
 the legislature of 1860. The report, which was printed, scored 
 very strongly the practices of the boards of regents up to that 
 date. The creation of the special board of three regents is doubt- 
 less due, largely, to their report. 
 
 HEATWOLE, Joel P., Northfield— Regent, 1891-97. Born in 
 Waterford, Ind., in 185G. Received a common school education. 
 Taught school, and in 1876 engaged in publishing a paper. Came 
 to Minnesota in 1882, Elected to Congress in 1894. 
 
 HELENA, Mont. — This association includes all alumni of the 
 University living in Montana. Harry K. Jones, Law '04, is the 
 nmoving spirit in this association. 
 
 HELLER, A. A. — Instructor in botany, 1896-98. Graduate of 
 Franklin and Marshall college, 1892. He became much interested 
 in botany and spent two vacations making collections for the 
 principal herbaria of Europe and America. Member of a govern- 
 ment expedition to Idaho. He also went to Hawaii to study its 
 flora. He studied at Columbia university and was a member of 
 the Torrey botanical club and associate editor of its publications. 
 Wrote much for the technical press upon botanical subjects. 
 
 HENDERSON, Andrew M. — ^Assistant in clinical medicine, 
 ls?98-04. 
 
 HENDRICKS, George A.— Professor of anatomy, 18S8-89. 
 
 HERMEAN— The second literary society of the University. 
 Organized in 1870, disbanded in — '— and reorganized in 1898 and 
 continued in existence for five or six years. The object of this 
 Kociety was originally the promotion of culture and literary activ- 
 ity, especially oratory and debate and the cultivation of a spirit 
 of friendship among its members. 
 
 HERRICK, Carl Albert — Instructor in engineering mathema- 
 tics, 1902-Oa. 
 
 HERRICK, Clarence L.— Instructor in zoology, 1883-84. Died 
 September, J904. 
 
 HERTZ, E. Fran klyn— Instructor in prosthetic dentistry, 1898- 
 01; also in dental anatomy, 1901-02; professor of dental anatomy 
 axiC prosthetic technics. 19'02-07. Now in business in Portland, 
 Oregon.
 
 UNrV^ERSm OF MINNESOTA. 103 
 
 HEWITT, Charles N.— Non-resident professor of public liealt3i> 
 1874-Ci2. Born in New York in 1835. Hobart medical college, 
 I80S. Demonstrator of anatomy while attending medical college. 
 Practiced medicine at Geneva, N. Y. Assistant surgeon oOth 
 New York engineers, IStJl, and surgeon, 1862. Surgeon-in-chief 
 of Engineers' brigade, iSG2-65. President of state medical society, 
 1865. Mairied April 22, 1S69, to Helen Robinson. Secretary arad 
 executi\e orficer of the Minnesota State board of health, 1872-97. 
 Director of the Minnesota vaccine station since 1889. Address, 
 Red "Wing, Minn. 
 
 HI BEAR D, H. Wade — Born in India in 1863. His parents were 
 American missionai-ies to Burmali. Boyhood was passed in Ver- 
 mont, wheie his father was engaged in religious and educational 
 work. Attended Middlebury high school, graduated from Ver- 
 mont academy, 1882. Entered Brown university, graduating in 
 1886 with the degree of A. B. M'ithin a week after his gradua- 
 tion he entered the Rhode Island locomotive works and remained 
 there three full years, when he was placed in charge of a gang 
 of men to set up and adjust the link motions and locate the 
 eccentrics and slide valves, an important position. He spent his 
 evenings in a drawmg and technical school in preparation for 
 a professional course which he was about to take up. The two 
 following years were spent as a graduate at Cornell. Here he 
 distinguished himself as a scholar by winning a Sibley prize 
 which is offered annually to the one "who shall, in the opmion 
 of the faculty of that institution, show the greatest merit in a 
 college course." In 1891 he received the degree of Mechanical 
 Engineer, and at once entered into the employment of the Penn- 
 sylvania railroad as draftsman and mechanical engineer. He de- 
 signed a compound locomotive which is now used for the heaviest 
 exprf»«s between New York and Philadelphia. 
 
 The summer of 1892 he spent in Europe studying locomotive 
 en°-ineering and visiting the leading technical schools in Eng- 
 land Germany and France. In 1894 he was made chief drafts- 
 man' of the Lehigh valley railroad system. This position he held 
 till October 1895, when he was elected assistant professor of me- 
 chanical engineering at the University. Resigned in 1898 to ac- 
 cept a position in Cornell, where he is now. 
 
 HICKMAN, Adam C— Born April, 1837, Columbia county, Ohio. 
 Graduate of Allegheny college, Meadville, Pa.; Ohio state and 
 union law college, Cleveland, Ohio. Thirty-three years' practice 
 of law. Lecturer in law, 1892-94; professor pleading and practice, 
 1894 to date. 1229 Sew nth street southeast. 
 
 HIGBEE, Albert E.— Professor (homeopathic) of gynecology, 
 18X8-94. 
 
 HIGBEE. Paul A.— Assistant (homeopathic) in surgery, 1903- 
 HIGH School Board— Act creating this board was approved 
 March. 1S7S. Legally and technically this board has no^«^; 
 nection with the University, but, owing to the ^^ct that the 
 president of the University is ex-oflicio a member ^^ ^^e b^o^^^ 
 Tnd its examiner, it has practically been very closely 'de^ntifled 
 with the growth and development of the University. The act 
 7roatin" the board is to be credited directly to Dr. Folwell who 
 was hen president of the University. The act creating the board 
 ^al bfen 'ameS many times but its essential f-t--„n: ^ 
 the same and these features are— an inspection of the schools Dom 
 high a"d graded, by a person appointed to that duty, or, by an 
 examination of its pupils, or. both; by state financial aid to high 
 school and graded schools. This act gave Minnesota one of the
 
 104 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 best school systems in the country. It unified and simplified and 
 so made more efficient the whole system from the kindergarten 
 to the University. 
 
 HILL, Hibbert Winslow.— Born September 16, 1871, St. Johns, 
 N. B. CoUeg-iate Institute, Woodstock, Ont. M. D., University of 
 Toronto, 1803; M. D. 1S99; Johns Hopkins, graduate work, 1895; 
 epecial work, 1S98; George Brown scholar, 1883-94; Starr Gold 
 medal, 1899. Taught in private school; demonstrator of clinical 
 chemistry and pathology and bacteriology, Toronto, 1893-96; in- 
 structor in bacteriology. Harvaid Medical School, 1903-05; asist- 
 ant professor of bacteriology. University 1895 to date. First as- 
 sistant bacteriologist, Louisville Water Filtration Experts, 1896; 
 acting first assistant Philadelphia board of healthi laboratory, 1896; 
 biologist, director and chief of bureau, Brooklyn, N. Y., water- 
 shed laboratory, 1896-98; director of Boston board of health labor- 
 atory, 1898-190S. Assistant director of the state board of health 
 of Minnesota, 1905-date. Author of papers on pathology, on 
 morphology of bacteria; on various public health problems; on 
 technique; annual reports of various laboratories, about forty to 
 fifty in all. Managing editor, now associate editor, American Jour- 
 nal of Public Hygiene, 1903 to date. Member and chairman of 
 various comrnitloes on public health subjects; vice-chairman and 
 chairman of the laboratory section of the American Public Health 
 Association: charter member Society of American Bacteriologists; 
 American association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists; laborato- 
 ry section of the A. P. H. A. ; Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical 
 Society. Nu Sigma Nu; Sigma Xi. University of Minnesota. 
 
 HILLESHEIM, Catherine — Instructor in animal biology, 1902-03.' 
 HILLMAiN, Ada B. — Second general secretary of the University 
 Y. W. C. A., 1899-03, and 1906-07. Now secretary of the city as- 
 sociation of Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 HINTON, Charles H.— Educated at Rugby school. He obtained 
 a scholarship at Balliol college, Oxford, and took highest honors 
 in the mathematical schools. Subsequently studied physics in 
 Oxford and Berlin and was for some time engaged in teaching' 
 science. He was appointed head master of Victoria public school 
 in Yokohoma, Japan, but resigned the position for one under the 
 Japanese government, which afforded him the opportunity of 
 prosecuting his mathematical work. In 1893 he was offered a 
 post at Princeton, New Jersey, where he remained for four 
 years as instructor. He was appointed assistant professor of 
 mathematics at the University in 1897 and resigned three years 
 later. Author of several books besides papers on mathematical 
 and physical subjects. Among the best of his publications are 
 "Scientific Romances" and "Stella." In the last named book 
 he has used fiction as a vehicle for representing in a popular 
 form some of the thoughts and speculations of m,oderni mathe- 
 matics. 
 
 He was the author of several books devoted to scientific re- 
 search, the chief of Which is "The Fourth Dimension." His 
 particular field work in mathematical lines was upon the subject 
 of "transcendental space." He was widely known as the inventor 
 of the bascvball gun to shoot curves. At the time of his death, 
 April, 1907, he was employed In the patent office at Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 HISTORICAL Sketch of the University— A pamphlet contain- 
 ing an address delivered before the state historical society D©- 
 cember 11, 1905, by Honorable John B. Gilfillan, at one time a 
 regent of the University. 46pp. and cover. Contains much valu- 
 able data.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNE^SOTA. I05 
 
 HISTORY of the University — A pamphlet containing a full re- 
 port of an address made by John S. Kllsbury, president of the 
 board of regents, June 1, lb;93, before the alumni of the Univer- 
 sity at their annua', dinner at the West hotel. Contains much 
 valuable material. 
 
 HISTORY of the University, Early — The report of the board 
 lOf regents made to the legislature in 1S61, contains a very full 
 and careful review of the history of the University down to that 
 date. 
 
 HISTORY— "An historical sketch," by Professor C. W. Hall, 
 Gopher of 1897, pp. 11-88. 
 
 HISTORY— "A leaf from the past," by Dr. Folwell, Gopher 
 1.S95, pp. 15-19. 
 
 HOAG, William R. — Born in Fillmore county, Minn., in 1859. 
 Here he spent his boyhood, attending school in winter and doing 
 Ifarm work in summer. A year at Spring Valley schools, three 
 years at the Rochester high school, an extended visit to Eastern 
 cities, one year of teaching, then he entered the University. The 
 next three years was devoted to his studies and work with the 
 Northern Pacific railroad. He graduated with "84 with the degree 
 of B. C. E., and received Ihe degree M. S., in 18SS. Became in- 
 st:uctor in civil engineering in 1SS5, made assistant professor in 
 1886, and professor in 1890, resigned in 1907 to take up profes- 
 sional work. 
 
 HOBBS, Fred E. — Instructor in moot court practice, 1902-03; 
 justice and moot court practice, 1903-date. Graduate of the Uni- 
 versity, class of 1888, and law '92. Practicing lawyer in this 
 city. 
 
 HOFF, P. A. — Assistant in clinical medicine, 1901-05; clinical 
 instructor in medincine, 1905 to date. iMvrry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 HOG BARN— Erected in 1902, at a cost of $3,000. Provided 
 with the necessary equipment to furnish instruction in the care 
 and breeding of swine. 
 
 HOLM, John G. — Instructor in rhetoric, 1904-05. Graduate of 
 the University, class of 1904. Since engaged in newspaper work. 
 Now with the Free Press, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 HOLT, Charles M. — Scholar in pedagogy, 1902-05; instructor in 
 education since 1905. Has charge of training the members of 
 the dramatic clubs for the plays presented by the club. Weaver- 
 ly Hotel. 
 
 HOME BUILDING— The first school building erected for the 
 school of agriculture. It contains accommodations for twenty-four 
 students. The building is 60 x 70 feet, two stories and basement. 
 It was erected in 18S7, at a cost of $18,000. 
 
 HOME ECONOMICS BUI LDING— This building was erected in 
 1890, at a cost of $6,500, from the profits on the sale of the first 
 University farm. 
 
 HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY, The College of— 
 
 For general statement of the organization and history of the 
 department of medicine see statement under the college of medi- 
 cine and surgery. 
 
 This college is the direct and lineal descendant of the Minne- 
 sota homeopathic medical college which was established In 1886. 
 The old college ceased to exist and the new came Into existence 
 by the acceptance, by the board of regents of the University,
 
 Io6 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 of tlie proposition of the trustees of the Minnesota college, to 
 surrender the charter of that institution and to become merged 
 in the department of medicine which was then being formed. 
 The college faculty was appointed in the spring of 1888 and 
 instruction was begun in the fall, with Dr. H. W. Brazie, as 
 sccretarj' of the faculty and Di'. Perry H. Millard, as dean of 
 the department. In the fall of 1892, this college, together with 
 the others constituting the department removed to the Universi- 
 ty campus, the work having been previously conducted in the 
 building now occupied by the Asbury hospital, on the corner of 
 ninth avenue south anj sixth street. With the removal to the 
 campus, this college was made more independent in the govern- 
 ment of its affairs and Dr. Brazie was made dean. The work was 
 carried along without special incident until 1893, when Dr. Alon- 
 zo P "^'illiamson, became dean, in place of Dr. Brazie, resigned. 
 Dr. Williamson continued as dean until 1903, when he resigned 
 and Dr. Eugene L. Mann was elected in his place. The college, 
 as first organized, provided a course of three years, which was 
 increased to a four-year course in 1895. This college has increased 
 its entrance requirements, at various times, until now it requires 
 two full years of college work for admission. In 190-3, the attend- 
 ance fell off so that a proposition was made to abolish the college 
 altogether, providing for the work of the college by the creation 
 of two professorships, one in homeopathic materia medica and 
 one in therapeutics. The movement failed and the college con- 
 tinues, as in the past, to furnish a full college course in homeo- 
 pathic medicine and surgery. The work in anatomy, physiology, 
 histologj", chemistry and bacteriology is pursued in common with 
 tlie other students of the department. 
 
 The college has graduated 74 men and 15 women. The enroll- 
 ment is now, 190'J-07, IC. The faculty includes five paid profes- 
 sors and two other employes. The full faculty consists of twenty- 
 six professors, and eight lecturers and assistants. It has all of 
 the advantages of the equipment of laboratories and buildings of 
 the department, for which see statement of the college of medi- 
 cine and surgery. Tuition $100 a year. See also Six-year med- 
 ical course. See Hospitals. 
 
 HONORARY FRATERNITIES AT M IN NESOTA— Phi Beta 
 Kappa, Pi Beta Nu (local, extinct). Pi Sigma, Sigma Xi. 
 
 HORNING, D. W, — Associate professor (homeopathic) of dis- 
 eases of heart and lungt,, and clinical medicine and physical diag- 
 nosis, 1903 to date. Pillsbury building. 
 
 HORTICULTURAL BUILDING— Erected in 1899, at a cost of 
 $35,000. It contains the office and recitation rooms of the horti- 
 culturist and the department of physics and botany, and a large 
 room specially arranged for classes in sewing and dressmaking. 
 Connected with this building are extensive rooms under glass for 
 winter plant propagation, experiment and demonstration work in 
 classes. The building proper is 50x80, of red pressed brick and 
 Btone, with greenhouse of about 4,400 square feet, a laboratoi-y 
 26x50 feet and a machine shed, 20x90 feet. 
 
 HOSPITALS— The hospitals of the "twin cities" have, very 
 generally, ooened their doors to the students of the department 
 Of medicine". Thursdays and Saturdays during the junior and 
 senior years are devoted to clinics at the various hospitals. These 
 hospitals include— the city hospital of Minneapolis, one hundred 
 forty beds places its entire clinical material at the command of 
 the clinical teachers of the department; St. Barnabas hospital,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. I07 
 
 elgrhty-four beds, the Asbury hospital, one hundred sixty beds, 
 the Swedish and Northwestern hospitals, each with fifty beds, 
 iplace their clinical facilities at the disposal of the students of 
 the department. This makes Minneapolis hospitals, with a total 
 capacity of four hundred eighty-four beds, available for the use 
 of the department. 
 
 In St. Paul the city and county hospital with three hundred 
 beds and its orthopedic department which is under the direct 
 charge of the professor of orthopedic surgery, St. Joseph's hos- 
 pital, one hundred twenty-five beds, St. Luke's, with ninety beds 
 all welcome the clinical staff of the department and make provi- 
 sion for making their clinical material of the greatest use to 
 students of medicine. 
 
 HOU3H, W. S. — Assistant professor of mental and moral phi- 
 losophy, 1SS9-91. Professor of philosophy 1891-94. M. Ph., Mich., 
 1S84. Two years at Berlin, a year in England and one in Paris 
 studying philosophy. Instructor in philosophy, Mich., 18S8-89. 
 
 HOVDA, Olaf — Instructor in engineering mathematics, 1906 to 
 date. 8 Florence Court. 
 
 HOVERSTAD, Torger A. — Superintendent of the sub-station 
 at Crookston, 1893-06. Now living at Dennison, Minn. 
 
 HOW, Jnred — Lecturer on landlord and tenant, 1898-07; spe- 
 cial lecturer, same. 1907 to date. Fire and Marine building, St. 
 Paul. 
 
 HOWARD, Seth E. — Assistant in clinical medicine, 1897-98. 
 
 HOWELL, Daniel B.— Bom July 1st, 1878, Dousman, "Wis. Ph. 
 B., University of Wisconsin. Two years experience as principal 
 of a graded school. Instructor in mathematics, school of agri- 
 culture, 1903 to date. St. Anthony, Park, Minn. 
 
 HUBBARD, Lucius F., St. Paul — Regent ex-oflficlo, as govern- 
 or of the state, 1881-87. 
 
 HUFF, Ned L. — Born September 21, 1876, Pendleton county, Ky. 
 Littlp Falls high school, 1897; B. A., University, 1903; M. A., 1906. 
 Taug-ht in district school, 1897-99; science in Fergus Falls high 
 school, 1903-0.5: instructor in botany. University, 1906 to date. 
 Assistant on botanical aurvey of Minnesota, 1899-03. 3905 North 
 Sixth street. 
 
 HUGGINS, IVIajor E. L.— Born in 1842, his parents removing 
 to Nicollet county, Minnesota the same year. He was a student 
 at Hamline university, and afterward located at Red Wing. He 
 enlisted in 1861 in the 2d Minnesota Infantiy. participating in the 
 battles and campaigns of the Army of the Cumberland until the 
 battle of Chicam.auga, in September, 1863. In this battle he was 
 wounded and made a prisoner, but was exchanged the fcllowing 
 year. Again he enlisted and served until the close of the war as 
 a first lieutenant m the 1st Minnesota Heavy Artillery. In Febru- 
 ary. 1866, Major Huggins was appointed as second lieutenant in 
 the regular army, and was as.iigned to the 2d Artillery stationed 
 on the Pacific coast, whore he served at various posts until 1871. 
 He was then ordered to the Artillery school at Fortress Monroe, 
 where he graduated the following year, and in 1872 was detailed 
 for duty at the University of Minnesota, where he remained until
 
 I08 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 1SV5, when he was ordered back to his regiment. In 1879 he was 
 transferred to the 2d Cavalry, then serving in Montana; since 
 then lie has served continuously with his regiment, with the ex- 
 ception of five years, during which time he performed the duty of 
 aiue-de-camp to Major General Miles. On January 13, 1897, he 
 wt!S ]3romoted to the rank of major and assigned to the 6th 
 Regiment of Cavalry. Major Huggins has been awarded what Is 
 known as the "Medal of Honor" for most distinguished gallantry 
 in action against Ogallala Sioux near O" Fallow Creek, Montana, 
 April 1, 1580. 
 
 HUGHES, Percy — Instructor in philosophy, 1904-06. 
 
 HULL, Blanche — Registrar's otfice, assistant, since 1907. B. A., 
 University, 1904. 1408 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 HUMMEL, John A.— Born June 12, 1875, Cottage Grove, Minn. 
 Hastings high school; University school of agi'iculture; B. Ag., '99. 
 Assistant chemist and instructor in agricultural chemistry, 190O- 
 07: assistant professor of agricultural chemistry, 1907 to date. 
 Member of the boaid of directors of the General alumni associa- 
 tion. 2143 ComTOonwealth avenue, St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 HUNTER, Charles H.— Born February 6, 1853, Clinton, Maine. 
 Graduate of Bowdoin. Professor of clinical medicine, 1888 to 
 date. Author of many medical papers. Member of the State 
 medical society; Academy of medicine; American medical associa- 
 tion, etc. 519 First avenue south. 
 
 HURD, Anna H. — Lecturer (homeopathic) on diseases of the 
 blood and ductless glands, 1903 to date. Pillsbury building. 
 
 HURD, Ethel S. — ^Assistant (homeopathic) in ophthalmology, 
 1903-04; lecturer on electro-therapeutics, 1904 to date. Pillsbury 
 building. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, Henry. — Professor of theory and practice of 
 homeopathic) medicine, 1888-94. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, John Corrin— Born May 11, 1849, Kirk Michael, 
 Isle of Man, Great Britain. Came to the United Stiates in 1&67, 
 with his mother after the death of his father. Educated at Peel, 
 Isle of Ma,n; preparatory department of the University; B. A., 
 1876; tutor in Greek, 1873-76; instructor in Greek and Latin 1876- 
 78: instructor in Greek and mathematics, 1879-82; associate pro- 
 fe-^sor of Greek and mathematics, 1882-90; professor of Greek 
 language and literature since 1891. Member of the American phi- 
 lological association; National educational association; Classical 
 association of the middle west and south; Psi Upsilon; Phi Beta 
 Kappa. 3806 Blaisdell avenue. 
 
 HYNES, John Eldon— Bom July 25, 1878, Winnebago, Minn. 
 Winneoago high school, 1898; University, Ph. C, 1900i; M. Di, 
 1904. Interiie St. Luke's hospital, 1904-05; assistant in medicine, 
 1905 to date. 3349 University avenue southeast. 
 
 INCOME — See Finances.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
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 no DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 •State appropriations. **State appropriations to replace money 
 taken from the permanent endowment fund repaid at rate of 
 $12,000 a year for seven years. tDirect appropriation by the 
 national government for agricultur.T,! education, ttlncome from 
 land grantS) by the national government, constituting the perma- 
 nent endowment of the University. 
 
 The state has approjiriated $191,500, sice 1895, for the support 
 of the sub -experiment stations, and construction of buildings 
 thereon. 
 
 The national government has appropriated directly, $15,000 
 annually, (The Hatch bill) beginning with 1887, for the support 
 of agricultural experimental work. During the past three years 
 the national government has appropriated $5,000, $7,000 and $9,000, 
 respectively (the Adams bill) for the same general purpose. 
 
 The state has appropriated $3,731,215.77 for the support of the 
 University. It has appiopriated $3,191,162.32 for buildings, equip- 
 ment and lands, which are today worth more than they cost tho 
 state. The balance of the support of the University has been pro- 
 vided by the United States government, $l,80i3,934.31; and fees 
 paid by students, $1,895,563.82. Making up the total cost of the 
 University, to tho end of the college year, 1908-09, $10,921,876.22. 
 
 IN Memnriam — A pamphlet of forty pages and cover, contain- 
 ing the addresses made on commencement day, June 5, 1902, in 
 honor of John S. Pillsbury, "Father of the University." 
 
 INSTITUTE of Public Health and Pathology— The newest of 
 anj in the medical quadrangle. Completed and occupied Febru- 
 rary, 1907. at a cost of $100,000 with an appropriation of $25,000 
 for the University and $5,000 for the State board of health labora- 
 tory equipment. The building which is 213 feet over all and 100 
 feet deep in the central portion, consists of a central main por- 
 itlon 60 by 3 00 feet, with north and south wings each 56 by 7© 
 ■feet. In the siouth wing are housed the State board of healthi 
 laboratories, connected with the adjoining laboratory of animal 
 research of the Minnesota state board of health. This wing con- 
 tains a suite of rooms for a Pasteur institute in which the spe- 
 cial treatment of and research in rabies is carried on by the State 
 board of health. Diagnosis laboratories are provided for the 
 bacteriological, chemical and pathological work of the State board 
 of health, with workshops for the repair and construction of spe- 
 cial apparatus for ah of the work carried on in the building. Un- 
 packing, shipping, storage, washing and media rooms are also pro- 
 vided. The wing al?o contains reseai'ch laboratories for the pro- 
 fessional members of the staff, together with vaults for records 
 and ofRces for the clerical staff. 
 
 The central portion qnd north wing provide for teaching and 
 research work for the University departments of pathology, bac- 
 teriology, and public health. The central portion of the building, 
 100x60 feet, is three stories in front and four stories in the rear, 
 where three of the stories are devoted to museum and library 
 purposes. Here special booky and periodicals are provided and 
 Interesting pathological and bacteriological specimens and mate- 
 rials, apparatus, methods of construction and other illustrative 
 features of public health are on exhiliition. On the first floor is 
 a preparation room for the museum and lecture room, beneath 
 the museum and adjacent to the lecture and autopsy room. Six 
 special laboratories and oflices are provided for members of the 
 staff. The remainder of the central portion is occupied by th>e 
 lecture nnd autopsy amphitheatre, special research laboratories, 
 photographiic laboratories and a cold storage plant.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNEJSOTA. Ill 
 
 In the north wing the main teaching laboratory occupies the 
 full floor space of 75 by 56 feet. It is lighted on three sides and 
 by a skylight and is dividtd by low partitions into twelve loges, 
 each intended for the use of a group of students. Each loge is 
 fully equipped with all apparatus and supplies which the students 
 may need in the practical work of pathology, bacteriology or 
 public health, so as to render each group independent. A coat 
 room and a room for the distribution of supplies open off the 
 main laboratory. Beneath this is a similar students' research 
 lal-oratory containing six loges which are to be used for the teach- 
 InfT of such special courses as pathology of tumors, neuro-pathol- 
 Ogy, practical public health, laboratory work, etc. Opening off 
 this is a special laboratory tor the teacher in charge, for the 
 issuing of supplies and also a coat room. Other special labora- 
 tories, including rooms for the preparation and storage of media 
 and the storage of stock cultures of bacteria, and living quarters 
 for the janitor are also in this wing. 
 
 The institute of Public Health and Pathology, equipment, mu- 
 seum and ;ibrary, represent approximately, $200,000. 
 
 INTER-SOCIETY debates— The action of the federated literary 
 societies, in 1S95, looking toward better provision and support 
 for intercollegiate and intersociety debate, resulted in the forma- 
 tioti of the league of the five members of the federated societies, 
 which then included the Forum, Delta Sigma, Miner\-a, Law Lit- 
 erary and Shakopean. In 1897. the Castalians came into the 
 league and Minerva won the championship, having defeated the 
 Delta Sigmas and Castalians. In 189S, Minerva dropped out and 
 Kent came into the league, and won the championship. In 1899, 
 Minerva came back and the Hermean was also admitted, and this 
 year the S'lakopeans and Kents proved to be the leaders. In 
 1900. Blackstones came into the league and in the finals the 
 Shakopeans won from the P'orums and so held the championship. 
 In 1901, the same teams competed as in 190O and the Forums 
 lend with Minerva a close second in the finals. In 1902, the Law 
 Literary society fought its way to victorj^ in the finals, defeat- 
 ing the Kents, the Minervas and Castalians. In 1903, by the 
 Shakopeans: in 1904, by the Shakopeans; in 1905, by the Forum; 
 In 1906, by the Forums: in 1907, by the Law Litoraries. In this 
 contest, the Minpr\-as were in the finals. 
 
 IOWA- MINNESOTA League, The — Included the two universi- 
 ties named and for many years held an annual contest in del>ate. 
 Dissolved in 1906 upon the organization of the Central debating 
 circuit of America. 
 
 JACOBS Cup, The — This cup is the property of the Mirmesota 
 Jebating a.<=^ociation and was presented to it by S. Jacobs & Com- 
 pany, JeweU'rs. to be awarded to the winner of the inter-society 
 scries of debates each year. It is provided that any society 
 •which w'ns this cup. three times in succession, shall become its 
 permanent owner. Twice has it been won two years in succession, 
 by the Shakopeans in 1903-04. and by the Forums in 1904-06. 
 The cup was first won by the Shakopeans in 1900. 
 
 JACKSON, Anson B. — Born February 17. 1850, Brooklyn, N. T. 
 B. A., Kobart. '70: Lli. B., Columbia, '73; practicing lawyer In 
 Minneapolis since 1879. Special lecturer on conflict of laws, col- 
 lege of law. 1907 to date. New York Life building. 1623 Third 
 avenue south. 
 
 JAGGARD, Edwin Ames — Born June 21, 1859, Alloona, Pa. 
 Prepared for college at .Stewart and Hollidaysburg, Pa.; A. B., 
 Dickinson, Carlisle, Pa.; '79; A. M., Idem, 1882; LL. B., Unlver-
 
 / 
 
 OFFICE s-rA-riorvjERY 
 
 C AT AI_OC3U ES 
 BOOKUETS 
 
 M EtVJUS 
 
 B A MQU EXS 
 
 l=>ROC3RAMMES 
 
 SOCIETV S-rATlONERV 
 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 (jncorrorated) 
 
 Printing anli Publialiing 
 14ni HuiurrHttg Awp. ^. IE. JHimtrapnlia, IHitttt. 
 
 C9|i)JiiBitr illain iEntranrr to Univrraitg OlampuB 
 
 \ 
 
 
 / 
 
 \ 
 
 Gi. R. MARTI N, 
 
 PRESIDENT 
 
 H. W. WILSON, 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENT 
 
 C. 1_. SWAI ISJ, 
 
 SECRETARV 
 
 E. A. MORRISSEY, 
 
 TREASURER AND MANAGER 
 
 /
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. 
 
 113 
 
 alty of Pennsylvania, 1S82; LL.. D., idem, 1906; 1SS<3, lecturer on 
 medical jurisprudence, St. Paul medical college. University lec- 
 turer on taxation and torts, 1S91-95; professor of torts and crimi- 
 nal law, 1895-96; lecturer on taxation and torts, 1896-97; torts and 
 criminal law. 1897-98; professor of taxation and modern phases 
 of law of torts. 1899-1900; professor of torts, 1900-01; professor of 
 taxation, 1901 to date. Justice of the supreme court of Minne- 
 sota, since 1905. Author of Jaggard on Torts, 2 vols.; Jaggard 
 on Taxation. Minnesota 1 Vol., Iowa 1 Vol.; An article in Cyclo- 
 pedia of Law and Practice, on False Imprisonment and Malicious 
 Prosecution. 302 South Exchange street, St. Paul. 
 
 JAMES, George Francis— Born August 18, 1867, Normal, lU. 
 tvanstcn. 111., public schools; Northwestern university, 1882-85; 
 [Michigan university, 1S85-S7; B. A., ■86; M. A., '87: Sorbonne, 
 Palis. 1888-89; University of Hahe, 1893-94; Ph. D., '94. Taught 
 In Decatur, 111., high school; Peabody normal college, Nashvile, 
 Tenn.; Los Angeles, Calif., normal college; Lecturer, Chicago uni- 
 versity. Professor of pedagogy, 1902-05; professor of education 
 and dean, 1905 to date. Secretary of University extension, PTiil- 
 adelpnia; secretary of Educational commission, Chicago. Editor 
 of John A. Logan,' Memorial, 1899; of the Proceedings of Univer- 
 sity Extension Congress, Philadelphia, 1892; of Hancock of Uni- 
 versity Extension, Philadelphia, 1893; of Report of Chicago Edu- 
 cational Commission, 1899; and author of various monographs. 
 Member of Phi Kappa Psi; Phi Beta Kappa. 308 Eighteenth ave- 
 nue southeast. 
 
 JENKS, Albert Ernest— Born November 28, 1869, Michigan. B. 
 S., Kalamazoo, 1S96; B. S. Chicago, 1897; Ph. D., Wisconsin, 1899. 
 Special lecturer, University of Wisconsin, on Philippine ethnology. 
 1905; assistant professor of sociology, 1906-07; professor of an- 
 thropology. 1907 to date. Economic editor of the American Thresh- 
 erm.nn. 190C-01; assistant ethnologist of the Bureau of American 
 Ethnology, 1901; ethnologist of same, 1902; assistant chief of the 
 bureau cf non-Christian tribes, Philippine Islands, 1902; chief of 
 ethnological survey of the Philippines, 1903-05. Author of the 
 Childhood of Jishib, the Ojibwa; Balonglong, the Igorot Boy; The 
 Wild Rice Gatherers of the Upper Lakes; The Bontoc Igorot. 
 The first two are popular children's books, the third and fourth 
 axe scientific books; also about twenty scientific and popular 
 magazine urticlos. Honorary fellow. University of Wisconsin, 
 1898-99; chief of ethnological department of Philippine exposition, 
 Ijouisiana purchase exposition, St. Louis, Mo., 190i4. 
 
 JERREMS, Alexander N. — P'ootball coach season of 1896. Born 
 in Sidney, Australia. Star football player in the Pottsdam, Pa., 
 high school and on Tale teams from 1893 to 1895, playing right 
 half-back and in his senior year full back. 
 
 JETT, C. Coleman — Instructor in machine design and draw- 
 ing. 1900-02. 
 
 JEWETT, J. Dudley — Instructor in the administration of anaes- 
 thetics, college of dentiPtry, 1890-92; lecturer of anaesthesia, 1892- 
 93: al-so chief of the anaesthetic clinic, 1893-95. 
 
 JEWETT, James Richard — Born in West Port, Me., March 14, 
 1862. During his whole boyhood he accompanied his father on 
 various voyages to Cuba, China and Japan. He fitted for college 
 at Mowry and Goff's English and classical school. Providence, R. 
 I. In 1S80 he entered Harvard, pursuing the classical course, and 
 upon his graduation in 1884 he was granted a fellowship, which 
 he held three years. In August, 1884, he went to Syria to con-
 
 114 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 tinue the study of his favorite language. With the exception of 
 a winter at Cairo he spent three years in Syria, assisting part of 
 Ihe time in an American mission school at Zahleh, Mt. Lebanon. 
 During the college year of 1887-88 he was instructor in Semitic 
 languages at Harvard. At the close of the college year in June 
 he went abroad again and spent about six months in Berlin and 
 Strassburg, taking the degiee of Ph. D. at the latter place in 
 1890. Plis dissertation, entitled ""Arabic Proverbs and Proverbial 
 Phrases," at once won for him a reputation as a scholar. Upon 
 his return to America he was elected professor of Semitic lan- 
 guages at Brown University, Providence, R. I., which position 
 he held till his election to the Weyerhaeuser chair of .Semitic 
 languages and history in the University of Minnesota in 1895. 
 He resigned this position to accept a professorship in Chicago 
 University m 1903. M'ember of the Everett Athenceum and Har- 
 vard Signet. 
 
 JEWETT, W. Fred — Assistant in technics and clinics, college 
 of dentistry, 1895-96. 
 
 JOHNSON, Adolph W. — ^Lecturer on (homeopathic) pharmacy, 
 1904 to date. 
 
 JOHNSON, Charles E.— B. A., University, 1906. Instructor in 
 animal biology, 1907 to date. 714 Sixteenth avenue southeast. 
 
 JOHNSON, Edward — Instructor in foundry practice, 1902-06. 
 
 JOHNSON, E. Bird— Born Sugar Grove, Pa., November 24, 1865. 
 Came to Minnesota the fo}iowing year. Lived on farm, attend- 
 ing district school, from 1872-83. Entered the Mimieapolis Acade- 
 my in fall of 1883. Entered the sub-freshman class of the Uni- 
 versity a1 the opening of the second term of the same year; B. S., 
 1888; deputy registrar until August 1, 1889; taught in city night 
 schools for two years, 188S-91; registrar from August 1, 1889 to 
 'August 1, 1905. Secretary and treasurer of the H. W. Wilson 
 company from July, 1904, to March, 1906. Manager of thie Index 
 Press from fall of 1905 to April, 1906. Was elected secretary of 
 the General alumni association in March, 1906, and entered upon 
 his dutir-s, April 21, of the same year. Established the Minnesota 
 Alumni Weekly in the spring of 1901, and was its editor, publisher 
 and proprietor until he turned it over to the General alumni asso- 
 )Ciation when he becanie its secretary. He has been its editor 
 since that date also. "An Optimistic Equation and Other Opti- 
 mism," 1903; eight editions of the Alumni directory and several 
 reports upon specific matters connected with the University; editor 
 and publisher of the "University Dictionary." 
 
 JOHNSON, Edward C— Student assistant in botany, 190«-a7. 
 
 JOHNSON, Frank Amos— Registrar, 1884-89. Bom in Pennsyl- 
 vania, June 3, 18G1. Removed to Minnesota with his parents in 
 1866. Entered the University in the fall of 1878. After three 
 years spent at the University he left the University to teach 
 and study shorthand. He re-entered the University in the fall of 
 1883, and graduated In June, 1886. Duiing the first year after his 
 return to the University he acted as secretary to President Fol- 
 well, and upon the coming of President Northrop, he continued 
 as his secretary and was appointed registrar, a position he held 
 until 1889; pursued work In college of law for a few months, then 
 passed the state bar examination before the supreme court, and 
 was admitted to practice, 1888. Soon afterward, Mr. Johnson 
 became interested in typesetting machines and has given himself 
 to this work since the fall of 1888. He has invented and patented
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 115 
 
 nuiny machines and mtmy improvements. Now in New York 
 City, 143 Liberty street, as a consulting- engineer and patent at- 
 torney. 
 
 JOHNSON, John A.— Born' July 2S, 1861, St. Peter, M'inn. Edu- 
 cated in public schools of St. Peter, Early years was clerk in a 
 drug store; became part owner and publisher of St Peter Herald 
 m 1SS6 and continued in the business till igO'T. Was state senator 
 from St. Peter district and has been twice elected governor of 
 Minnesota, the second term will expire January 7, 1909. Served 
 seven years in M. N. G., retiring with rank of Captain. Regent 
 of the l'ni\ersity ex-ofhcio. Angus Hotel, St. Paul. 
 
 JOHNSON, R. W., MaJ. Gen., U. S. A.— Professor of military 
 science and tactics, 1869-71. Member of the first University 
 faculty. 
 
 JOHNSTON, George H. — Instructor in psychology, 1903-05. 
 Graduate of the University, class of 1S97, now cashier of a bank 
 at "Wales, N. D. 
 
 JOHNSTON, John Black— Born October 3, 18G8, Belle Center, 
 Ohio. Ph. B., Michigan, lc;93; Ph. D., same, 1899. Marine bio- 
 logical laboratory, summers 1896-1901; zoological station, Naples, 
 ar.d University of Freiburg, Germany, 1904-0'5; assistant instruc- 
 tor In zoology, Michiga,n, 1893-99; assistant professor of zoology, 
 University of West Virginia, 1899-1900; professor, same, 19CK)-07; 
 assistant professor of anatomy of the nervous system. University, 
 1907 to date. Author of The Brain of Aeipenser; The Brain of 
 Petromyzon: Das Gehirn and die Crainalnerven der Anamnier, 
 1902; The Morphology of the Vertebrate Head; The Cranial Nerves 
 of Petromyzon; The Nervous System of Vertebrates; A Text 
 Book of Comparative Neurology; and numerous lesser papers. 
 Member of the American society of zoologists; American natu- 
 ralists; Association of American anatomists; Fellow A. A. A. S. 
 12s Beacon street southeast. 
 
 JONES, Albert I.— Instructor in metal working, 1888-90. 
 JONES, Frederick Scheeta— Born April 7, 1862, Palmyra, Mto. 
 St. Paul's school. Palmyra; Shattuck school, Faribault; B. A., 
 Yale, 18S4; TJniversity of Berlin, 1S87-88; Royal polytechnic, Ber- 
 lin, 1887-88; Swiss polytechnic, Zurich, 1888-89; M. A., Yale, 1892. 
 Taught at Shattuck, 1884-85; instructor in physics. University, 
 l'885-87; professor of physics, 1889 to date. Elected dean of the 
 college of engineering, June, 1902. Author of short articles upon 
 scientific subjects; lecture notes; commencement addresses, and 
 reports on laboratory tests for commercial purposes. Has in prep- 
 aration a text on physics for use in the University classes. Pel- 
 low of the American association for the advancement of science* 
 member of the society for the promotion of engineering education; 
 Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi; Psi Upsllon; and Yale Skull and 
 Bones. 712 Tenth avenue southeast. 
 
 JONES, H. W. — Clinical instructor In nervous and mental dis- 
 eases, 1905 to dale. 2418 West Twenty-second street. 
 
 JONES, Harry W. — Instructor in architecture, 1891-93. 
 
 JONES, William Alexander — Born May 24, 1859, St. Peter, 
 Minn. St. Peter high school; University of the city of New 
 York, Medical department, 1881; Instructor in mental and nervous 
 diseases, 1888 to 1890; adjunct professor of same, 1890-95; clinical 
 professor, same. 1S95 to date. Assistant physician St. Peter state 
 hospital for insane, four years; member of the board of trustees 
 two years; member of state board of health. State Hospitals for
 
 Il6 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 the Insane. Author of various articles in medical journals; editor 
 of Minnesota State Medical Journal and Northwestern i^ancet. 
 Attending neurologist to City hospital; Chief of staff of North- 
 western, St. Mary's, Asbury, Norwegian, .Swedish hospitals. 513 
 Piilsbury building. 
 
 JOSLIN, John Carlos — Born April 25, 1876, Richland county, 
 Wis. Coinnion schools and high school. Practical butter maker 
 for eight years. Won many high scores and the grand prize at 
 the World'.'. Fair at St. Liouis, with the title of the World's 
 champion butter maker. Creamery inspector with the State 
 dairy and food commission for three years. Assistant in cream- 
 ery, dairy school, 1905 to date. 42-6 Nicollet avenue, M'ankato, 
 Minn. 
 
 JOURNAL Club in Psychology, The — Composed of upper class- 
 men and graduate students who have completed at least two 
 courses in psychology in llie University. Its purpose is to keep 
 its members in touch witii periodical literature of psychology. 
 
 JUDSON, Harry Pratt — A native of the state of New York. 
 Prepared for college at Louisberg, N. Y., and graduated from 
 WlUiams in 1870 with the degree of B. A. For fifteen years he 
 was connected with the public schools of Troy, N. Y., teaching 
 principally history and the classics. In 1883 he received the de- 
 gree of M. A. from his alma mater. For the next two years he 
 was principal of the Troy high school. In the fall of 1885 Mr, 
 Judson was called to the chair of history in the University. Re- 
 signed in ISOl to accept a position in the University of Chicago. 
 Now president of the University of Chicago. Author of many 
 texts, mainly historical, and many contributions to periodical 
 literature. 
 
 JUDSON, Leulah Jeannette — Born at Ltohbs Ferry, N. Y. B. 
 A., University, 19U3; M. A... Columbia, 1901. In charge of the de- 
 partment of history of the Western college for women, Oxford, 
 Ohio, 1904-06. Instructor in history. University, 1906-07. 901 
 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 JUERGENSEN, Hans— Born April 22, 1872, Hadersleber, Nor- 
 way. Comnion schools of Germany and Fort Wayne, Ind., high 
 school and college; six years in Concordia college, Ft. Wayne; 
 three years in divinity course of Concordia seminary, (Lutheran) 
 St. Louis, Mo.; graduate work at the Universities of Leipzig, one 
 semester; Munich, one semester; Johns Hopkins, one year; work- 
 ing in Greek, Latin and modern languages. Protessor at Con- 
 cordia college, St. Paul, nine years, teaching at various times 
 Greek, Latin, English, German, French, history, music. Instruc- 
 tor in German, University, 1904 to 1907; assistant professor, 1907 
 to date. Joint editor, with Professor Schlenker, of Deutsche 
 Gedichte, 1906. 1612 Eleventh avenue south. 
 
 JUNIOR Ball Association — This is an independent organization 
 of each junior class and exists for the sole purpose of managing 
 the function known as the junior ball, which usually is held early 
 in February. 
 
 KAPPA ALPHA THETA— Upsilon chapter established in 1890. 
 Founded at DePauw university in 1870. 220 Church street south- 
 east. 
 
 KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA— Chi chapter established in 1880. 
 Founded at Monmouth college, 1870. 1318 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 KAPPA SIGMA — Beta Mu chapter estahlished in 1901. Founded 
 at the University of Virginia, 1867. 1107 Fourth street southeast.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 117 
 
 KAVANAUGH, William Harrison— Born August 19, 1873, Wil- 
 liamsport. Pa. Williamsport high school; M. E.. Lehigh, 1894; 
 principa' of minors and mechanics institute, Freeland, Pa., 1894- 
 95; instructor in meclianical engineering, University of Illinois, 
 1897-98; inctructor in charge of experimental engineering. Uni- 
 versity, 1901-02; assistant professor of mechanical engineering in 
 charge of experimental engineering, 1902-07; professor of experi- 
 mental engineering, 1907 to da,te. Had experience in mercantile 
 business, Williamsport, Pa., 1895-97; draftsman, motive ixjwer 
 department, Pennsylvania R. R. Co., 1897-99; chief draftsman of 
 same, 1899-01. Author of various articles for the engineering 
 press. Junior member of the American society of mechanical 
 engineers; member of the Society for the promotion of engineer- 
 ing educatif^n; member of the American society for testing ma- 
 terials; Tau Beta Pi; Sigma Xi. 118 State street southeast. 
 
 KELLER, Frank H.— Instructor in chemistry, 1899-1900. Gradu- 
 at'^ of the University, 1S9S. Now metallurgist for the Utah con- 
 solidated smelter company, Murray, Utah. Sigma Xi. 
 
 KELLEY, William Lcuis — ^Special lecturer, college of law, 1903- 
 '07. Judgi- of the district court of Ramsey county. 
 
 KELLOGG, Frank B. — Lecturer on equity jurisprudence and 
 procedure, 1889-94. From 1904 to date, special lecturer in the col- 
 lege of law. General counsel for the Chicago, Great Western 
 Ry. Co. 
 
 KENNEDY, Jane— Medical examiner for women, 1900-04. 
 
 KENT Literary Society, The — A law literary society whose 
 membership is limited to thirty. Established in . Accomplish- 
 ments essential to the successful attorney are given special atten- 
 tion in the programs of this organization. To train skillful de- 
 baters, poli.'jhed orators, and well-rounded literary persons capable 
 of expressing thenoselves with ease and force, aj-e its main 
 objects. 
 
 KERR, Charles D.^Lecturer on law of partnership, 1888-90. 
 
 KESSON, Floy — Instructor m music, school of agriculture, 1904 
 to date. 
 
 KEYES, A. D. — Lecturer on Minnesota practice, 1894-1900. 
 
 KEYES, Charles F. — Instructor in langriage, music, school of 
 agriculture, 1898-99; registrar and instructor in reading and his- 
 tory, 1899-00; registrar, geography and history, 1900-03. Practic- 
 ing lawyer. 902 New Yoi'k Life building. Treasurer of the Gen- 
 eral alumni association. 
 
 KEYS Makhlout — This was the junior annual of the class of 
 1885. This was the first junior annual, but does not belong to the 
 series of Gophers which began publication in 1888. This was a 
 paper covered book of 130 pages and followed somewhat along 
 the line of the earlier Gophers. 
 
 KIEHLE, Fred A. — Instructor in medical Latin, 1898-02. Now 
 practicing medicine in Portland, Oregon. 
 
 KIEHLE, David L., Preston — Regent ex-offlcio, state superin- 
 tendent of public instruction, 1883-91. Secretary of the board for 
 many year.':. Lecturer on pedagOgj-, 1891-92, 1892-93; professor of 
 pedagogy. 1S93-1902. Of German ancestry, born in Dansville, N. Y. 
 in 1837. Graduated from the State normal school at Albany, N. 
 Y., in 1856, and from Hamilton in 18G1, from which he received 
 the degrees of A. M. in 18G4, and LL. D. in 1891. In 18G5 he was 
 graduated from Union theological seminary. New \orK, and or- 
 damed in the Presbyterian church. Came to Minnesota same
 
 Il8 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 year and organized the Presbyterian church of Preston, where 
 he remained until 1875 and to which he returned in 190'2. Was 
 county superintendent of schools six years; a member of the state 
 normal board five years. In 1875 he was elected principal of th© 
 state normal school at St. Cloud, remaining in that position until 
 his appointment, by Governor Pillsbury, as superintendent of 
 public instruction in 1881, and to which he was reappointed six 
 .successive terms, resigning September 1, 1893. 
 
 During these twelve years, in which he was also ex-offlcio a 
 regent of the University, he was active and influential in secur- 
 ing a generous expansion, and a more perfect organization and 
 articulation of the several departments of our public school sys- 
 tem. Institutes and teachers' summer training schools were pro- 
 vided for ail counties of the state; the state one-mill tax for the 
 support of common schools was established; the system of state 
 high schools was organized, and by an original plan proposed and 
 supported by him, there was established and developed by the 
 regents of the University the School of agi-iculture, which has 
 finally solved the problem of agricultural education to the satis- 
 faction of all concerned. 
 
 KIEHLE, Louise G. — Instructor in physical culture, in charge 
 of the department, 1892-1900. 
 
 KIENHOLZ, William S., '04— Baseball coach for the season of 
 1907. Mr. Tvienholz has been in charge of athletics at a number 
 of institutions and has always turned out winning teams both 
 In football and baseball. 
 
 KILBOURNE, Stanley S. — In charge of the Bishop Gilbert so- 
 ciety as student pastor, 1907 to date. 
 
 KIMBALL, William M., Minneapolis — Regent February 4th, 
 1860-M'arch 4th, 1864. 
 
 KING, Roy S. — Instructor in mechanical engineering, 1903-'0'5. 
 
 KIRCH NER, William H.— Born at Templeton, Mass. The 
 Templeton high school; graduated at the Worcester polytechnic 
 institute, 1887, having completed the course in drawing and de- 
 sign; From 18S8-89 he was an instructor in drawing and design 
 at the Rose polytechnic institute, Terre Haute, Indiana. In 1889 
 he was promoted to the Junior polytechnic institute library. He 
 remained at Rose nearly six years, and came to the University 
 of Minnesota January, 1894, first as instructor in drawing, later 
 as assistant professor, in charge of the department, which position 
 he has held to date. 
 
 KLAEBER, Frederick J.— Bom October 1, 1863, Beetzendorf, 
 Germany. Konigliche Landesschuie Pforta; Universities of Leip- 
 zig; Halle; Kiel; and Berlin; Ph. D., Berlin, 1892. Instructor in 
 Old and Middle English, University, 1893-96; assistant professor 
 of Fnglish philology, 1896-98; professor of comparative and Eng- 
 lish philology, 1898 to date. Author of Das Bild bei Chau- 
 cer; Old English Historical Prose Texts; Zur Alt-Englishchen Be- 
 daubersetzung; Studies in Textual Interpretation of Beowulf; Beo- 
 wulf Notes; Zur Altenglischen Bedentungslehre; Notes on Old 
 English Prose Texts; becide numerous other articles and reviews 
 In the leading philological journals of the world. Dr. Klaeber is 
 considered one of the leadmg authorities of the world upon Old 
 English. 616 Ninth avenue southeast. 
 
 KNAPP, Miland Austin — Instructor in dental technics, 1891-92; 
 clinical instructor in orthodontia, 1892-93,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. ng 
 
 KOCH, Margaret, — Assistant (homeopathic) in paedolo&y, 1903 
 to date. Member state board of medical examiners. Masonic 
 Temple. 
 
 KOERNER, Arthur C. — Instructor in music, school of agricul- 
 ture, 1S99-04. 
 
 KOLLINER, Robert S.— Lecturer on sales, 1897-98; professor ot 
 personal property, 189S to date. Practicing lawyer. New York 
 Life buildins. 
 
 KOMENSKY— An organization of University men of Bohemian 
 descent, for mutual helpfulness and sociability. It is primarily a 
 literary club whose object is to meet for the study of the Bohem- 
 ian language, literature and history. At the meetings of the club 
 all conversation Is carried on in Bohemian. Established in the 
 spring of 1907 as No. 10 of the national organization of Komensky. 
 
 KOON, M. B.— Special lecturer, college of law, 1902-06. Prac- 
 ticing lawyer of this city. 
 
 KOVARIK, Alois F.— Born March 8th, 1880, Spillville, la. Pri- 
 vate and public schools of Spillville; Decorah institute, Decorah, 
 la.; Univerr,ity.. 1904. Taught at Decorah institute, four years; as- 
 sistant m physics, 1902-04; instructor in physics, 1904 to date. 
 Author of Decorah Ice Cave and its Etxplanation, Sci. Am. Sup., 
 1S98. Sigma Xi; Phi Beta Kappa. 1523 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 KREMER, Frederick B. — Clinical instructor in prosthetic den- 
 tistry. 1892-93; also crown and bridge work, 1893-95; Piofessor of 
 prosthetic dentistry and crown and bridge work, 1895-96. Bom 
 Biddleburg, Pa., 1861, Graduate at University of Iowa. Came to 
 Minnesota in 1SS2. 
 
 KUNZE, William F.— Assistant in chemistry, 1895-96. Super- 
 intendent of schools at Hastings and Lake City, 1906. Graduate of 
 University class of 1897. Co-editor with Professor C. W. Hall, of 
 a text book on physical geograpiiy. 
 
 LABORATORY OF ANIMAL RESEARCH, built by the state 
 foj the Minnesota state board of health in the investigation of in- 
 fejtious diseases of animals and for the proper care of experi- 
 mental animals. It is built on the University campus, next to the 
 laboratories of the Minnesota state board of health, located in one 
 of the University buildings, the Institute of public health and pa- 
 thology. It was erected in 1902 at a cost of approximately JS.OOO 
 completed and contains a crematory for the waste of the labora- 
 tories with which it is associated. It is two stories in height, 
 constructed of dark colored pressed brick and it is expected that 
 it will be connected with the Institute of public health and pathol- 
 ogy by an underground tunnel. 
 
 LABORATORY OF ANATOMY is a two-story and basement 
 building, 35 x 60 feet. In the basement are the morgue, injecting 
 room, cold storage vaults, and engine and apparatus for the car- 
 bon dioxide freezing plant. On the first floor there is an amphi- 
 theatre seating one hundred and seventy-five students, the pri- 
 vate offices of the professors and instructo'-s, a private dissecting 
 room and a small laboratory for research work. The entire sec- 
 ond floor is devote<J to laboratories for practical work in anatomy. 
 Erected in 1900 at a cost of $15,000. Two fires have caused a 
 thorough ovor-hauling of this building when repairs were being 
 made. Building, museum and equipment probably represent up- 
 ward of Ji.l.OOO. 
 
 LABORATORY OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY is a one-story 
 bricU building, devoted entirely to the use of this department. It
 
 120 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 is equipped with amphitheatre, laboratories, preparation rooms, 
 store rooms, and private offices of the professors and assistants. 
 Erected in 1893 at a cost of $7,500. The money for this buildlngr 
 came out of the current expense. Tlie building was enlarged and 
 remodeled in 1902 at a cost of $3,000. With its contents and equip- 
 ment, it probably represents $15,000. 
 
 LACY, Charles Y. — Assistant professor, in charge of the theory 
 and practice of agriculture, 1874-78; professor theorv and practice 
 of agriculture, 1878-80. 
 
 LADD, Mrs. Jessie— Matron of Alice Shevlin HaJl since Novem- 
 ber 1906. 
 
 LADD, Sumner— Lecturer on laws of taxation, 1888-89. 
 
 LAING, RICHARD W.— Assistant professor, in charge of his- 
 tory and elocution, 1874-76, Professor of history and elocution, 
 1875-76, professor of history, 1876-77, professor of history and in 
 charge of French, 1877-79. 
 
 LAMPHREY, Morris, St. Paul— Appointed regent 1874, re-ap- 
 pointed 1877, died April 9th, 1879. 
 
 LANCASTER, William A.— Born December 29th, 1859, Detroit, 
 Me. Admitted to bar, Maine, 1881; practiced in Minneapolis since 
 1887. Special lecturer on obhgation of contracts, college of law, 
 1907 to date. New York Life building. 3145 Second avenue south. 
 
 LANDO, David — Assistant in medicine, 1900-04; clinical in- 
 structor in medicine 1904 to date. Moore building, St. Paul. 
 
 LATON, W. S. — Professor of diseases of the nose and throat, 
 1888-03. Died 1907. 
 
 LAW, Arthur Ayer. Born April 16, 1872, Harvard, 111. Public 
 schools of St. Paul; Shattuck, Faribault school; M. D., University, 
 1894; graduate work at the Polyclinic of Philadelphia, and the 
 Post graduate school, New York City. Captain and assistant sur- 
 geon 13th Minnesota U. S. volunteers, in Philippines; studied med- 
 ical and surgical questions in the hospitals of China and Japan. 
 First assistant in operative surgery 1896 to 1904; instructor in op- 
 erative surgery, 1904 to date. Correspondent of Minneapolis Jour- 
 nal during War with Spain and the Philippine Insurrection. Con- 
 tributor, upon various medical and surgical subjects, to various 
 medical Journals. 1912 Hennepin avenue. 313 Pillsbury building. 
 
 LAW BUILDING— Completed in 1889 at a cost of $30,000. It is 
 built of red brick with red sandstone trimmings and has a frontage 
 of eighty feec, with a floor space of nineteen thousand square feet. 
 It contains the ofTiee of the dean, the library, a large lecture rooni 
 and several smaller recitation and lecture rooms. An addition to 
 this building was erected in 1904 at a cost of $28,000, which about 
 doubled the capacity of the building. 
 
 The re-constructed building provides for the housing of all tne 
 work of the college of law. The entire upper floor story is devoted 
 to libraries and reading roo'ms, except that portion reserved for 
 judges' chambers, a court room, clerk's offlce and jury room, and 
 ofTice of the dean. The new library room, provided in the ad- 
 dition is 81 X 42 feet and is a model of completeness and conven- 
 ience. The first floor provides a large auditorium, the lecture 
 rooms and private offices for the professors of the college. In the 
 ibasement of the addition, which is high, rooms are provided for 
 the literary societies connected with the department. As now 
 constructed and re-arranged, the building provides all of the con- 
 veniences of a modern court house for the practice department.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNEISOTA. 121 
 
 LAW, THE COLLEGE ©F.-^This college was provided for In 
 charter of the University but it was not organized until 1888. The 
 first classes in this college were organized and the work of In- 
 struction begun in September of the same year. The formal open- 
 ing lecture, upon, "The Science of Jurisprudence," was delivered 
 by Dean Pattee, September 11, 1888. There were 27 students pres- 
 ent the first day. During the first year of its existence the col- 
 lege was housed In the old Herman room, in the basement of the 
 Old Maio. The new building was erected in the summer and oc- 
 cupied in October of 1889. The course was a two-year course with 
 an evening course of three years, until the year 1894-95, when It 
 was made three years for both the day and evening courses. Dur- 
 ing the year, 1904-05 a large addition was built to the old building 
 to provide for the growing needs of the college. 
 
 The method of instructon followed is a combination of the case 
 book method, ard the text book method, the object of the course 
 being not only to train but to inform. To facilitate the work of 
 the student free case books are placed in his hands and he is re- 
 quired to analyze these cases and make written reports on the 
 same. In addition, the student is insured a systematic and orderly 
 arrangement of the subject bemg studied, by means of oral and 
 printed lectures, or well written text books upon the subject. 
 
 This college has offered night courses since its organization, 
 being the only college of the University to make such provision, for 
 students who cannot attend in the day time. Graduates of the 
 college are admitted to the bar upon the presentation of their 
 diplomas and are exempt from the usual fee for registering as an 
 attorney. Graduate work, leading to the degrees master of laws 
 and doctor of civil laws is also offered. The degree granted upon 
 the completion of the regular three-year course is bachelor of 
 laws. Moot courts are maintained for the purpose of giving ac- 
 tual pr'\ctice. William S. Pattee, LL.D., is dean, having served 
 In this capacity since the organization of the college in 1888. The 
 faculty numbers ten members and a considerable number of lec- 
 turers, attorneys engaged in active practice, something like fifteen 
 are employed to lecture upon their specialties. Special students 
 who desire to pursue courses calculated to give them a business 
 training and who are not candidates for a degree, are admitted 
 upon demonstration of ability to do with credit the work applied 
 for. In 1907 the night course was made a four year course, with 
 the provision that the course may be completed in three years by 
 students who can arrange to complete the subjects set for the 
 fourth year, with the day classes. Tuition, for undergraduates, 
 $10, matriculation, and $60 a year tuition; for gi-aduate students, 
 $30 a year and a diploma fee of $10. This college has granted, 
 including the class of 1907, 1674 degrees. 
 
 Recent action of the faculty, approved by the board of regents, 
 provides that on and after September 1909, all students entering 
 this college as candidates for degrees shall have had one full year 
 of college work in addition to a full high school course. Here- 
 after students are to be classed as professional or non-professional 
 according as they are or are not candidates for a degree. 
 
 LAW LIBRARY — This librnry contains nearly all the English 
 reports. Including those of Canada, from the earliest decisions 
 down to the year 1900; nearly all reports of the different states 
 of *he Union; all the reports of the United States Supremo ^'oui% 
 and all the Federal Court reports. It contains also the digests of 
 these reports and an excellent selection of standard text-books and 
 law dictionaries.
 
 122 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 LAW LITERARY SOCIETY, THE— Organized during the first 
 year of the existence of the college of law. 
 
 LAWS RELATING TO THE UNIVERSITY— A book of 132 pa- 
 ges compiled under direction of Regent John S. Pillsbury and 
 printed at his expense June 1S92. Includes all laws passed by the 
 legislature, relating to the University, up to- that date. 
 
 LAWS OF MINNESOTA, relating to the University of Minne- 
 sota. Comprising the Revised Laws of 1906 and all subsequent 
 laws and amendments, together witli annotations of decisions of 
 the Supreme Court and opinions of the Attorney General. Com- 
 piled and annotated under the direction of John W. Olsen, State 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction. By W. H. Williams, of the 
 St Paul Bar. 
 
 299. Board of regents — The government and general educa- 
 tional management of the .^tate university is vested in a board of 
 twelve regents, consisting of the governor, the state superintend- 
 ent, the president of the university, ex-ofiicio, and nine other re- 
 gents appointed by the governor by and with the advice and con- 
 sent of the senate. Such board shall be a body corporate under 
 the name of the University of Minnesota. It shall have a common 
 seal and alter the same at pleasure (3904-390'5). The appointed 
 members of the Ijoard, each to serve until the first Wednesday 
 In March of the year set opposite their names respectively shall 
 be as follows: James T. Wym.an, 1908,; S. G. Comstock, 1908,; 
 A. E. Rjc(?, 1909,; Thomas Wilson, 1909,; D. R. Noyes,; 1910,; E. 
 W. Randall,; 1910,; Benjamin F. Nelson, 1910,; Sidney M. Owen, 
 ]913, William Mayo, 1913. 
 
 From and after the expiration of the terms of the aforesaid 
 appointed members, no appointed member of the board shall dur- 
 ing the term for which he is appointed, hold any other office, 
 elective or appointive, under the Sta.te of Minnesota, (1470, as 
 amended by Chap. 105, 1907> 
 
 The board of regents of the University cannot make promissory 
 notes in the commercial sense, but may make contracts for erect- 
 ing buildings and give written evidence of debt incurred therein, 
 paj^able at a futuie day, out of the fund provided by the legisla- 
 ture; and judgments may be brought against the board for such 
 debts, but such judgments bind only the fund on the faith of 
 which the credit was given. All persons dealing with the regents 
 must take notice of their powers. The title to all lands reserved 
 by Congress for the use and support of the university, and of all 
 property, real and personal, acquired by the regents, with the fund 
 placed at their disposal, is in the state. — 7 M. 61 (Gil. 45). 
 
 300. Board of control divested of authority— Upon and after 
 August first (1st), nineteen hundred five (1905), the board of con- 
 trol of this state shall be and is hereby divested of all authority, 
 jurisdiction and control over the state university and the state 
 normal schools of the State of Minnesota, except as hereinafter 
 stated. 
 
 The state university on and after said date shall be under 
 the management, jurisdiction and control of the board of regents 
 of the state university, and the state normal schools on and after 
 said date, shall be under the management, jurisdiction and con- 
 trol of the state normal school board; and the said board of re- 
 gents and said normal school board shall, on and after said date, 
 have and possess all of the powers, jurisdiction and authority, 
 and shall perform, subject to the restrictions herein contained, all 
 of the duties by them possessed and performed on and prior to 
 April first (1st), nineteen hundred one (1901), except as herein^ 
 after stated. (Chap. 119, Sec. 1, 1905)
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 123 
 
 301. Board of regents — purchasing agent — Upon the date of 
 assumption by the board of regents of the said management and 
 control of the said university, the president of the said board of 
 regents by and with the consent and approval of the members 
 of said board, shall appoint a purchasing agent, whose duties shall 
 be as herein provided for, and whose compensation shall be fixed by 
 the said board of regeits and paid out of the funds provided for the 
 maintenance of said university. The said purchasmg agent shall 
 attend to th^ purchasing of all necessary supplies for the several 
 departments of the university. Previous to the termination of each 
 quarterly period of the year the dean or other executive head of 
 ea-ch of the several departments of the state university shall pre- 
 pare estimates in detail of all the supplies required for such depart- 
 ment for the ensuing quarterly period. Prior to the opening of 
 such quarterly period such estimate shall be submitted by the 
 said dean or other executive head of each of said departments to 
 the executive committee of said board of regents, which estimate 
 so submitted shall be carefully examined and, if necessary, revised 
 by said executive committee. Upon the approval of such esti- 
 mate by such executive committee the same shall be prepared in 
 triplicate, and one of said estimates shall be retained by the said 
 (board of regents, and one thereof shall be delivered to and filed 
 with said purchasing agent and one thereof shall be delivered and 
 filed with the state auditor of this state. Such estimates bearing 
 such approval shall govern and control said purchasing agent in 
 the purchasing of supplies for the se\eral departments of the state 
 university. No disbursements for such purposes shall be made 
 except on the w.-a.rrant or requisition of said purchasing agent. The 
 said purchasing agent shall give bond in such sum as said board 
 of resrents shall require for the faithful and diligent performance 
 of his' duties. (Chap. 11.9, Sec. 2, 1905) 
 
 302. This section relates to purchasing agents for normal 
 schools. 
 
 303. Each purchasing agent shall at the close of each month 
 prepare in triplicate statements showing all purchases made by 
 Mm during said month for the several institutions, the names and 
 addresses of persons fiom whom said purchases were made and 
 the several prices paid therefor. He shall accompany the same 
 with an affidavit that the statement is correct, that the articles 
 therein specified were duly authorized by the proper board up- 
 on prepared statements, and estimates were received under his di- 
 rection at the institution named therein, that the several prices 
 paid therefor were reasonable, that said goods were of proper and 
 stipulated quality and grade, and that neither he nor any person 
 in his behalf has any pecuniary or other interest in said purchas- 
 es, or has received or will receive in any way any pecuniary or 
 other benefit therefrom. 
 
 He shall also each month prepare in triplicate and cause to be 
 receipted by the signatures of the several parties named therein, 
 pa>Tolls showing the monthly salaries and compensation of all of- 
 ficers, teachers and employes in said several institutions, and shall 
 file one copy of said statement and said payroll with the president 
 of the hoard of regents or president of the normal school board, 
 as the case may be, and two copies with the state auditor. The 
 auditor upon receiving the same shall draw his warrant upon the 
 Btate treasurer for the amount called for in each expense list and 
 pajToll, and transmit the same to the treasurer, attaching thereto 
 a copy of said expense list and payroll. Upon receipt of the same 
 the treasurer shall send his checks to the several persons named 
 therein for the amount of their respective claims. (Chap. 119, Sec. 
 3, 1905)
 
 124 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 304. Limitation of expenses — ^No member of the board of re- 
 gents or of the normal school board, and no person in the employ 
 of either board shall be paid for any expense incurred, unless it 
 shall appear that said expense was duly authorized by the execu- 
 tive committee or the president of the board, and an itemized, 
 verified account of the same, accompanied by sub-vouchers, where 
 said sub- vouchers aie practicable, is furnished by the claimant, 
 and filed with the state auditor for his written audit. .Such verifi- 
 cation shall state that said expense bill is just and correct and for 
 money actually and necessarily paid or to be paid for the purpos- 
 es therein stated. If said expense is to be incurred in visiting- an- 
 other state, then, before said visit is authorized or undertaken, 
 the said executive committee or president must certify, in writing, 
 the purpose of said visit, the necessity existing for the same, and 
 the maximum expense to be incurred therefor, which certificate 
 must be presented to the governor of the state for his approval. 
 If he does not approve the same, the said visit shall not be under- 
 taken. If the above provisions are ooimplied with, the auditor 
 shall pay such expense accousit in the same manner as monthly 
 expenses and salaries are paid under the provisions of this act 
 (Chap. 119, Sec. 5, 1905) 
 
 305. Appropriation not to be exceeded— It shall be unlawful for 
 the board of regents or the normal school board to permit any ex- 
 penditures for any purpose in excess of the amount appropriated 
 or contemplated by law, and any member or agent of either of 
 said boards violating this provision, shall be deemed guilty of a 
 misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be fined not less than one 
 hundred dollars ($100) or more than one thousand dollars ($1 000) 
 or be imprisoned in the county jai! for not less than six (6) 
 montlis, or by both fine and imprisonment. (Cihiap. 119, Sec. 6, 
 1905) 
 
 306. Financial authority of board of control— The board of con- 
 trol shall have and exercise full authority in all financial matters 
 of the several institutions named in this act, so far only as relates 
 to the erection and construction of new buildings, the purchasing 
 of fuel and the placing of insurance on buildings and contents. 
 When new buildings are to be erected and constructed by author- 
 ity of the state, it shall be the duty of the board of control to 
 cause to be prepared plans and specifications for the same but In 
 so doing it shall consult with the local boards in respect 'to said 
 plans and specifications, and shall adopt and carry out so far as 
 It deems practicable their requests and desires in the matter 
 (Chap. 119, Sec. 7, 1905) 
 
 The board of regents cannot erect a dwelling house for the jan- 
 itor on the univer.sity grounds by the use of funds appropriated for 
 other purposes, nor from the annual expense fund.— Young p 3«9 
 
 Under Sec. 1887 R. L. and Chap. 110, Laws of 1905, the board 
 of regents may construct an addition to a building, provided they 
 keep inside the appropriation therefor.' — Young, p. 388. 
 
 307. Funds, how provided— The board of regents of th« state 
 university is hereby authorized to acquire by gift, purchase or 
 condemnation, such lands, together with the buildings thereon, as 
 It may deem necessary, for campus, and to erect an engineering 
 building and laboratory to cost not to exceed two hundred and 
 fifty thousand ($2r)0,000) dollars, and thereafter deal with the 
 same as said board shall determine that thie needs of said univer- 
 sity miay require. To provide the necessary funds therefor, the 
 state auditor is authorized and directed to levy and collect in the 
 same manner as other state taxes, for the year 1907 and next suc- 
 ceeding three years, the sum of one hundred and seventy-five
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 I2S 
 
 thousand ($175, aOd) dollars for each of said years, and a tax levy 
 suflicient to produce such sum shall be levied each year on all of 
 the tajcable proi)eily of the state; and pending the levy and col- 
 lection thereof said board may, if it seems necessary or desirable, 
 Issue and Oispose of its certificates of indebtedness, payable with 
 interest thereon, in such form and upon such terms and conditions 
 as it may determine, in an amount not exceeding the amount to 
 be raised by taxation hereunder. 
 
 The buildings herein provided for shall be constructed under 
 the supervision of the board of control, as provided in chapter 119, 
 section 7, General Laws of 1005. (Chap. 359, 1907) 
 
 308. Term of office — Vacancies — The term of office of the re- 
 gents shall be six years, and until their successors qualify, begin- 
 ning on the first Wednesday in M'arch succeeding their appoint- 
 ment. Any appointment to fill a vacancy shall be for the unex- 
 pired term. (1471) 
 
 309. Officers — Meetings — Bonds — The board shall elect one of 
 its members as president, and also a recording secretary and trea- 
 surer, neither of whom may be a regent, and in its discretion it 
 may elect a vice president. They shall hold office during the plea- 
 sure of the board. The annual meeting shall be held on the 
 second Tue.<5day in December. Such special meetings may be 
 held as the board may direct. Before entering upon the duties of 
 his office, the president .=ihall file with the secretary of state a bond 
 to the state in the sum of ten thousand dollars, and the treasurer 
 a bond in the sum of fifty thousand dollars, both to be approved 
 by the governor, conditioned for the faithful performance of the 
 duties of their respective offices. (1472) 
 
 310. Duties of board — The board shall enact by-laws for the 
 educational government of the university, and shall elect proper 
 professors, including a professor in Scandinavian language and lit- 
 erature, teachers, officers and employes, and fix their salaries and 
 terms of office, determine the moral and educational qualifications 
 of applicants for admission, prescribe text-books and authorities 
 and courses of study, and, in their discretion, confer such degrees 
 and diplomas as are usual in universities. It shall have supervi- 
 sion and control of the agricultural experiment station, and of the 
 experimental tree station, and, with the advice of the president 
 and secretary of the state horticultural society, shall appoint a su- 
 perintendent of such tree station, who shall report to the board as 
 it may direct, and to such society annually in person at its winter 
 meeting. (1473) 
 
 311. Surveys and reports— It shall continue until csompleted all 
 surveys and statistics as now provided by law, and make annual re- 
 ports thereof to the governor, on or before the second Tuesday in 
 December, showing the progress of the work, with necessary and 
 proper maps, drawings, and specifications, and shall lay the same 
 before the legislature. Upon the completion of any separate por- 
 tion of such surveys, it shall prepare a final report, embodying all 
 importaiit matters relating to such portion, and submit the same 
 in like manner and upon final completion of any survey, shall in 
 like maimer make a final report thereof. (1474). 
 
 312. Specimens — The board shall cause proper collections, 
 skillfully prepared, secured, and labeled, of all specimens discov- 
 ered or examined in such surveys, to be preserved in the univer- 
 sity, in convenient rooms, and in charge of a scientific curator, 
 for public inspection. It shall also prepare duplicate collections 
 for each state normal school, and for exchange with the Smithson- 
 ian institution and with other universities and scientific institu- 
 tions. (147'5;
 
 126 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 313 Report of board — On or before the second Tuesday in De- 
 cember, the board shall make an annual report to the governor, 
 sliowing- in detail the progress and condition of the university dur- 
 ing the preceding university year, its wants, and nature, cost, and 
 result of all improvements, experiments and investigations, the 
 nuriLber and names of professors, teachers, and students in each 
 department, the amount of money received and disbursed, and 
 such other matters, including industrial and economic statistics, 
 as it may deern important. A copy of such report shall be trans- 
 mitted to each college or university endowed by act of Congress, 
 and to the secretary of the interior. (1476) 
 
 314. Power to accept bequests, etc. — The University of Minne- 
 sota may accept, in trust or otherwise, any gift, gi-ant, bequest, or 
 devise for educational purposes, and may hold, manage, invest, 
 and dispose of the same, and the proceeds and income thereof, in 
 accordance with the terms and conditions of sucn gift, grant, be- 
 quest, or devise, and of the acceptance thereof; and any person 
 or persons contributing not less than fifty thousand dollars to the 
 university may endow a professorship therein, the name and oto- 
 ject of which shall be determined by the board. (1477) 
 
 315. Gifts to University — The University of Minnesota may ac- 
 cept, in trust or otherwise, any gift, grant, bequest or devise for 
 educational purposes, and may hold, manage, Invest and dispose 
 of the same ana the -proceeds and income thereof, in accordance 
 with the terms and conditions of such gift, grant, bequest or de- 
 vise, and of the auceptance thereof; and any person or persons con- 
 tributing not less than fifty thousand dollars ($'50, 000) to the uni- 
 versity may endow a professorship therein, the name and object 
 of which shall be determmed by the board of regents. (Chap. 187, 
 Sec. 1, 1905) 
 
 316. Power to use; eminent domain — If the purposes of such 
 gift, grant, devise or bequest are not otherwise limited by the do- 
 nor the University of Minnesota may use the same or the proceeds 
 thereof for any of the purposes of the university, and may, among 
 other things, construct buildings and acquire land. In case it is 
 desired to use the same for the acquisition of land the power of 
 eminent domain may be exercised either in accordance with sec- 
 tions 40S'5 to 4091, inclusive, General Statutes 1894, or chapter 41 of 
 the Revised Laws 190-5. (Chap. 187, Sec. 2, 1905) 
 
 317. Funds to be deposited in state treasury — All such gifts, 
 grants, bequests, and devises, and the proceeds and Income there- 
 from, and all securities pertaining thereto, shall be deposited in 
 the state treasury for the use of the university,- and subject to its 
 order. (1478) 
 
 318. Bonds to bear not less than 3 per cent — The permanent 
 school and university funds shall be invested in the bonds of the 
 United States, or in bonds of this or of any other state, or In 
 bonds of any school district, or county drainage bonds of thlg 
 state, bearing not less than three per cent interest, and in bonds 
 of any ooimty (other than drainage bonds) and in the bonds of 
 any city, town or village of this state, bearing not less than four 
 (4) per cent Interest, as provided by law; but no investment shall 
 be made in bonds is-sued to aid in the construction of any railroad. 
 The governor, treasurer and auditor are hereby constituted a 
 board of Investment, whose duty it shall be to invest all funds de- 
 rived from the sale of public lands, except as otherwise provided 
 by law. The auditor shall be secretary of said board, keep a rec- 
 ord of its proceedings and publish the same with his annual report. 
 Tlie treasurer shall place on credit of the respective fund the In- 
 terest received on said bonds. They shall not be transferable ex-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 127 
 
 cept upon the ordei of the governor and auditor, and on each shall 
 be written, "Minnesota School Fund Bond," or "Bond on the Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota," as the case may require, transferable only 
 upon the order of the governor and state auditor. The auditor 
 shall keep a record showing the name, and amount of each bond, 
 wher issued, when redeemable, the rate of interest, when and 
 where payable, by whom executed, when purchased, when with- 
 drawn, and for what purpose. (2435, as amended by Chap. 348, 
 1907) 
 
 319. Organization — The university shall comprise: (1) A college 
 of science, literature and arts; (2) a college of agriculture, includ- 
 ing niilitary tactics; (3) a college of mechanic arts; (4) a coUega 
 or department of law; (5,> a college or department of medicine; (6) 
 a college or department of dentistry. (1479) 
 
 320. Department of pedagogy — That it shall be the duty of the 
 beard of regents to organize and establish in the University of 
 Minnesota as soon as practicable a teacher's college, or department 
 of pedagogy, for the purpose of affording proper professional train- 
 ing for those persons who intend to become public and high school 
 instructors, principals and superintendents of schools. (Chap. 120, 
 1905) 
 
 321. School of agriculture at Crookston — There shall be estab- 
 lished at or near the city of Crookston, in the county of Polk, un- 
 der the direction and educational supervision of the board of re- 
 gents of the University of Minnesota, a school of agriculture, 
 which shall be a department of the University of Minnesota, un- 
 der such name and designation as the board of regents may de- 
 termine, and wherein shall be taught such studies and branches 
 of learning as are related to agriculture and domestic economy. 
 (Chap. 132. 1905) 
 
 322. Sectarian instruction prohibited — In the selection of pro- 
 fessors, insti-uetors, officers and assistants of the university, in 
 the studios and exercises, and in the management and government 
 thereof, no partiality or preference shall be shown on account of 
 political or religious belief or opinion, nor shall anything sectariaji 
 be taugnt therein. (1480) 
 
 323. Duties of president — The president of the university shall 
 be president of the general faculty and of the faculties of the sev- 
 eral colleges or departments and the executive head of the uni- 
 versity in all its departments. Subject to the board of regents, 
 he shall give general direction to the practical affairs and scientif- 
 ic investigations of the university, and, in the recess of the board, 
 may remove any employee or subordinate oftlcer, not a member of 
 the faculty, ajid supply for the time any vacancy among such em- 
 ployees and officers. He shall be ex officio corresponding secre- 
 tary of the hoard of regents, and may be charged with the duties 
 of one of the professorships. (1481) 
 
 324. Reports of president — On or before the second Tuesday 
 In December of each year, he shall make a report to the state 
 Buperintt ndent, showing in detail the progress and condition of 
 the university daring the previous university year, the number of 
 professors and students in each department, and such other mat- 
 ters relating to the educational work of the institution as he shall 
 deem useful, or as the state superintendent may require. He 
 shall also at the same time report to the board of regents the 
 progress and condition of the university during the same time, tha 
 nature and results of all important experiments and investiga- 
 tions, and such other matters, including industrial and economic 
 facts and statistics, as he may deem useful, or as such board may 
 require. (1482)
 
 128 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 325. Standing appropriation — There Is hereby annually appro- 
 priated for the general maintenance of the university: 
 
 1. The Interest and income of the permanent university fund, 
 arising from the sale of lands granted to the state by act of Con- 
 gress entitled "An act donating lands to the several states and 
 territories v/hich may provide colleges for the benefit of agricul- 
 ture and the mechanic arts," approved July 2, 1S62, or from any 
 other source. 
 
 2. The proceeds of twenty-three one-hundredths mills on the 
 dollar of the state school tax. 
 
 The lands granted by the general government to the state to 
 aid in the development of brines, and known as the state salt 
 lands, and those granted by an act of Congress entitled "An act 
 granting lands to the state of Minnesota in lieu of certain lands 
 heretofore granted to said state," approved M'arch 3, 1879, and the 
 funds arising from their sale, are hereby appropriated for the 
 completion of the geological and natural history survey. (1483) 
 
 326. Same — School of mines — The following sums are hereby 
 appropriated annually, out of the state treasury: For the support 
 of the school of mines of the state university, five thousand dol- 
 lars. For the salaries of instructors in said school of mines and 
 for the salary of a professor of eJectrical engineering in said uni- 
 versity, forty-five hundred dollars. (1484) 
 
 327. University — Free tuition — Any resident of the state grad- 
 uated from the school for the blind, upon coinpliance with all oth- 
 er requirements, shall be entitled to pursue any course of study 
 in the state university, without expense for tuition, and the 
 board of regents shall, receive him into any department thereof, 
 (1935) 
 
 328. University depository of state tubiications — The general 
 library of the University of Minnesota is hereby made a deposit- 
 ory of all books, pamphlets, documents, maps and other works 
 published by or under the authority of the State of Minneso,ta. 
 (Chap. 278, Sec. 1, 1905) 
 
 329. State officials to deliver publications— It shall be the duty 
 of the Secretary of state, and of all other officials and boards hav- 
 ing the custody or distribution of such publications, to deliver to 
 the said library one copy of each so soon as ready for distribu- 
 tion; and thereafter whenever different works are bound up to- 
 gether, one copy of ea.ch volume provided that the said library 
 shall be entitled to receive 5 copies of the Legislative Manual. 
 The said officers may in their discretion issue to the said library 
 additional copies as requested by the librarian. (Chap. 278, Sec. 
 2, 1905) 
 
 330. Appropriation for agricultural experiment station — ^That 
 the State of Minnesota does hereby assent to the grants of money 
 authorized by an act of the congress of the United States, enti- 
 tled, "An act to provide for an increased annual appropriation for 
 agricultural experiment stations and regulating the expenditure 
 thereof." (Chap. 101. 1907) 
 
 331. $16,000 appropriated for fruit breeding farm — There is 
 hereby appropriated out of money In the state treasury not oth- 
 erwise appropriated, the sum of sixteen thousand dollars ($16,000), 
 or as much thereof as may be necessary, for the purchase of a 
 fruit breeding farm for the state university for the board of re- 
 gents of the State University as hereinafter provided. (Chap. 334, 
 Sec. 1, 1907) 
 
 332. $2,000 annually appropriated — There Is hereby annually 
 appropriated out of any money in the state treasury, not other-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 129 
 
 wise appropriated, the sum of two thousand dollars ($2,000), for 
 the care and management of said fruit breeding farm. (Chap. 
 334. Sec. 2, 1907) 
 
 333. Regents to select a fruit farm— As soon as may be after 
 the passage of this act, the board of regents of the state univer- 
 sity shall select a fruit farm which shall meet with the approval 
 of the executive board of the Minnesota state horticultural soci- 
 ety as being well adapted for fruit breeding purposes. (Chap. 334, 
 Sec. 3, 1907,1 
 
 334. Visitors committee— The executive board of the Minneso- 
 ta state horticultural society is hereby required to appoint a com- 
 mittee oi two suitable persons to visit said fruit breeding farm, at 
 least once in each year, to examine the fruit breeding work being 
 done thi-re, and to report on the progress of such work to the 
 Minnesota state horticultural society and board of regents of the 
 state university, togethi?r with such recommendations for the fu- 
 ture conduct of said farm as may seem to them best. (Chap. 334, 
 Sec. 4, 1007) 
 
 335. Penalty for selling liquors — Any person who shall sell any 
 intoxicating liquor or cigarettes, or maintain a drinking place, 
 within one mile of the University farm of the school of agriculture 
 of the University of Minnesota, located in Ramsey county, Minne- 
 sota, on section 21, towxiship 29, and range 23 west, or shall aid 
 or abet another in either of such acts, shall be guilty of a gross 
 misdemeanor and shall be punished for the first offense with a fine 
 of not more than $100.(;0 or imprisonment for not less than sixty 
 days nor more than ninety days; for each subsequent offense, by 
 a line of not less than $500.00 nor more than $1,000.00, or by im- 
 prisonment in the county jail for not less than six months nor 
 more thar. one year, or by both. (Chap. 37S, 1907) 
 
 336. Donation for hospital for sick poor — That the action of 
 said uni\ers!ty and its coard of regents in accepting said donation 
 of one hundred and thirteen thousand dollars ($113,000) from Wal- 
 ter J. Trask of Los Angeles, California, for a clinical hospital to 
 be known as Elliott memorial hospital building is hereby ap- 
 proved, ratified and confirmed and the said donation is hereby 
 accepted in behalf of the Dtate of Minnesota. (Chap. SO, Sec. 1, 
 1907) 
 
 337. Donation for site — That the said donation of the sum of 
 fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), and any fui-ther sum or sums 
 which may be donated for the purixise of acquiring a site for a 
 universiry clinical hospital is hereby accepted by the state, and 
 the board of regents of the university is hereby authorized to ac- 
 quire such a site by purchase or condemnatioji near the campus 
 of the state university in the city of Minneapolis, as it may deem 
 most suitable for the purpose and to erect thereon such Elliott 
 m.emorial hospital building and other buildings of like character. 
 (Chap. SO, Sec. 2, 1907) 
 
 338. Free treatment for indigent persons — That said Elliott 
 memorial hospital building shall belong to and be forever a part 
 of the University of Minnesota. It shall receive for free care and 
 treatment indigent persons suffering from 'disease who have re- 
 sided in the state of Minnesota for not less than six months. The 
 said hospital building shall be managed and controlled by the 
 board of regents ot the state university, who shall adopt such rules 
 and regulations as it may deem proper and necessary for the ad- 
 mission, discharge, government, care and treatment of such .sick 
 poor by the members of the staff of the department of medicine of 
 the said university. (Chap. 80, Sec. 3, 1907)
 
 130 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 339. Free education for soldiers of American-Spanish war — 
 
 That any person, who, being at the time a resident of the State 
 of Minnesota, enlisted in tlie army or navy of the United States 
 during tl;e late war between the United States for the war against 
 the Kingdom of Spain, and wlio was lionorably discharged there- 
 from, shall, upon complying with all other requirements for ad- 
 mission, be entitled to pur.sue any course or courses in the Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota without expense for tuition. (Chap. 158, 
 Sec. 1, 1907) 
 
 340. Duty of regents— It is iiereby made the duty of the board 
 of regents of the University of Minnesota to accept in any college, 
 school or department thereof, any student who comes within the 
 definition of section 1 of this act, without any charge to said stu- 
 dent for tuition, and to refund to any student who may come un- 
 der the provisions of this act, any money which he has paid iri 
 as tuition since his discharge. (Chap. 15Sr Sec. 2, 1907) 
 
 341. Forest demonstrations — The board of regents of the state 
 university may. in their discretion, use for their forest demon- 
 strations work in connection with the forestry course in the state 
 university, any suitable tracts of land in Itasca .State Park that 
 may be assigned to them for this purpose by the state forestry 
 board, or may undertake forestry work in the said park or eilse- 
 where in conjunction with the state forestry board. (Chap. 90, 
 Sec. 3, 1907) 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, Francis P.— Born September 3, 1S68, Mt. 
 Vernon, Ind. Mt. Vernon high school, 1S75; A. B., Indiana, ISSO; 
 A. M., same. Taught at Harvard college, 1887-92. Assistant pro- 
 fessor of astronomy, 1S92; professor of astronomy, 1S9G to date. 
 Cincinnati observatory, 1880-82: Assistant, observatory University 
 of Virginia, 1882-87. Author of Double Star Obs.ervations; Stellar 
 Parallax; List of New Nebulas; Photographic Measures of Eros 
 for Dctormaiing the Parallax of the Sun; Photographs of Nebulas 
 and Star Clusters. Member of the Astronomical society of Ameri- 
 ca; Sigma Xi. 1028 Fourth street southeast. 
 
 LEAVITT, Frederick— Bern November 10, 1861, Grand Rapids, 
 Mich. Common school education. M. D., University, 1894. Clini- 
 cal instructor in obstetrics, Hamline, 1898-00. Instructor, clinical, 
 in obstetrics, 1900-0'6; clinical professor of obstetrics, 1906 to date; 
 clerk of clinics. Author of numerous contributions to medical jour- 
 nals: inventor of the Leavitt Uterine Dilator. 513 M'arsh.ill avenue. 
 126 Dowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 LEAVITT, Henry Hooker—Born April 1, 1861, Waterloo, la. 
 
 A. B., Beloit, 18S4; M. A, same, 1887; Chicago homeopathic col- 
 lege, M. D., 1880. Professor of diseases of children, college of 
 homeopathic medicine and surgery, 1893-01; professor of diseases 
 of nose and throat, 1901-04; professor of ophthalmology, 1904 to 
 date. 2015 Jamco avenue south. 810 Pillsbury building. 
 
 LECTURE COURSE— During the school year, a lecture and 
 entertainment course, consisting of six lectures and concerts, is 
 given in the chapel of the school of agriculture, at a cost of sev- 
 enty-five cents for the series. These entertainments are strictly 
 high grade, and furnish a pleasant relaxation from school work, 
 as well as mental stimulus. 
 
 LEE, Thomas G — Born November 27th, 1860, Jacksonville, N. Y. 
 
 B. S. and M. D., University of Pennsylvania, 1886; B. S., Harvard, 
 1892; University of Wurzburg, 1887. University of Pennsylvania. 
 Assistant in histology and embryology, 1884-86; lecturer on his- 
 tology and embryology, Yale, and director of the laboratory, 1886- 
 91; assistant in histology, Radcliffe, 1891; instructor in histology,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 131 
 
 bacteriology and urinalysis. -University, 1S91-92; professor oi- his- 
 tology, embryology, bacteriology and clinical microscopy, 1892-93; 
 professor of histofogy and embryology, 1S93 to date. Secretary of 
 the college of medicine and surgery and librarian of the medical 
 department of the University. Author of biological reports Con- 
 necticut state board of health; Implantation of Ovum in Spermoph- 
 ilus- Early Development of Geomys; Decidual Cavity in Dipodo- 
 my«'- Early Stages of Development of Cynomys; other papers re- 
 lating to embrvology of North American mammal, particularly 
 rodPHtia. Member of the American Association of anatomists; 
 fellow A A. A. S.; secretary-treasurer of the American society of 
 zoologists f central branch): secretary-treasurer of the American 
 society of naturalists (central branch); Anatomisches Gesellschatt; 
 Minnesota academy of medicine; Minnesota academy of science; 
 American medical association; Hennepin county medical society; 
 Minnesota state medical. 509 River road southeast. 
 
 LEIB William H.— Instructor in vocal music 1S80-84. 
 
 LEHNERTS, Edward M.— Born March 29, 1873, Winona Minn 
 St Francis conservatory of music. 1892; Winona normal, advanced 
 cour.-T, 1896; undergraduate work at University of Chicago, 1900- 
 01; 15. S. Pennsylvania, 1902. Taught in rural school of Winona 
 county, 1SS9-1S91: principal of village schools, same, 1891-92; prin- 
 cipal of night schools, Winona, 1894; instructor, Winona normal, 
 1896-O0I; head of department of geography, Winona normal, 1900- 
 07. Assistant professor of geography. University, 1907 to date. 
 Author of many pedagogical articles in educational journals. 1519 
 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 LENHERR, Jacob — Instructor in sweet curd cheese work, 1899- 
 02. 
 
 LEONARD, Henry C. — Instructor in botany, 1876-7S; professor 
 of obstetrics (homeopathic) 18S8-94. Now practicing in Duluth. 
 
 LEONARD, L. D.— Professor of pathology and oral surgerj-, 
 ISSS-fil. 
 
 LEONARD, Vvilliam Edwin— Born July 27, 1855, Minneapolis. 
 Public schools rf Minneapolis; B. A., University, 1876; M. D., 
 Hahnemann medical college. Philadelphia. 1S79; service of the 
 Metropolitan hospital. New York City. 1879-80. Professor of ma- 
 teria mcdic.T. and therapeutics, college of bomeo<pathic medicine 
 and surgery. 1888 to date. Author of papers read before various 
 state and national meetings of homeopathic physicians; The 
 Healthy Woman, etc. 819 Andrus building. 
 
 LEONARD, William H. — Professor of obstetrics, 1882-87. 
 
 LEONHAEUSER, Harry A.'— Professor of military science and 
 tacliis. jS;t:,-i)S. Bnrn in Allegheny, Pa., 1860. West Point, ISSl. 
 25th Infantry, Fort Meade, S. D., same year. Made 1st lieutenant, 
 1892. 
 
 LEUBNER, B. O. — Quizmaster and assistant in pharmacy. 1895- 
 96; assi.'-taiil in pharmacy, 1896-99; instructor in pharmacy, 1899-02. 
 
 LEWIS, John H., Hastings — Regent ex-officio. state superin- 
 tendent of public instruction, January 21, 1899-January 25, 1901. 
 Graduate of the University class of 1S78. Superintendent of the 
 city school of Hastings from date of graduation till appointment 
 as "superintendent of public instruction, afterward going back to 
 his old position, which he held until his removal to Ontario, Cal., 
 a few years ago. 
 
 LIBERMA, Marco F.— Instructor in Fi-ench, 1899-02. Graduate 
 of the I'niversitv. class of 1901. Now professor of Romance lan- 
 guages in the University of Cincinnati. Born in Milan, Italy.
 
 132 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 Early education in Ecole des Fi-eres de Saint Frangois Xavier. 
 Learned English in a missionary school; studied German at Trieste, 
 and French at the College des Lazarites in Marseilles, and later 
 in Syria. Came to America in 1892. Taught in New York one. 
 year. In 1893 he came to Minneapolis and has taught at Mor- 
 g'an hall and Sto,nley hall. Now in the University of Cincinnati. 
 
 LIBRARIES — The University is most fortunately situated to 
 be able to take advantage of the libraries of the twin cities. 
 Thfse libraries include the city libraries; the Minneapolis bar 
 association, the Guaranty loan and the New York life law libraries, 
 which are open under certain restrictions to University students; 
 the State historical library and the State library of St. Paul, make 
 several hundred thousand volumes available. The University libra- 
 ries are embraced in: 1. Tlie general library, 2. The college libra- 
 ries, including those in law, medicine, engineering and agriculture, 
 3. Departmental libraries, including those in art, astronomy, ani- 
 mal biology, botany, chemi^jtry, French, geology, German, Greek, 
 Latin, history, mathematics, military science, pedagogy, physics, 
 rlietoric, and Scandinavian. 
 
 The private collections of professors are also available to stu- 
 dents engaged in advanced research work. 
 
 The University libraries include about 115,000 bound volumes 
 and 30,000 unbound books and pamphlets. About 500 current peri- 
 odicals are received by the University. The departmental libraries 
 consist mainly of books of leference and current periodicals relat- 
 ing to technical subjects. See Law library. Nelson law library. 
 Supreme Ccurt law library. Medical library, Millard medical libra- 
 ry, Engineering library, Agricultural library. 
 
 The general library is open to students and the public from 
 8:00 to 9:30 every day of the University year, Sundays and holi- 
 days excepted. James T. Gerould is librarian. 
 
 LIBRARY BUILDING — This building was erected in 1894, at 
 a cost of $17-5, OO'O. It is fire proof, constructed of light gray Ohio 
 sandstone and is modeled after the style of the Parthenon. It has 
 
 Library, 
 a frontage of 135 feet and a depth of 194 feet. It is a two story 
 building, with no basement. The architects were Bufiington and
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 133 
 
 Sedgrewick. The exterior being the work of Mr. Bufflngton and 
 the interior arrangement being that of Mr. Sedgewick. The build- 
 in? provides aeccmmodations for the offices of the president, reg- 
 istrar, purchasinc agent and accountant; the departments of his- 
 tory, Englisl;, political economy; the assembly hall where chapel 
 and othi.-r public exercises are held and the library. The reading 
 room, on the second floor is 44x100 feet and 32 feet high and 
 provides for 150 persons to have a table for study or reading 
 Opening off this room are .seminar rooms, offices of the librarian 
 ard his assistants, and the stock and document rooms. The as- 
 sembly room will seat comfortably SOO people. 
 
 LIGGETT, William M.— Born November 5, 1S46, Marysville, 
 Ohio. Common schools and the University of Urbana, Ohio! 
 Taught two years in common schools. Soldier in Civil war, rising 
 to rank of Colonel; county treasurer; railroad commissioner;' regent 
 of the University, 1888-06; chairman of the experiment station 
 corp_s, 1S93-95; dean and director of the department of agriculture, 
 University, 1895-07. Recigned on account of ill health and was 
 afterward elected assistant in agriculture. 2201 Scudder avenue, 
 St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 LIND, Alfred — Lecturer on mechano-therapy, 1902-04. 
 
 LIND, John — New Ulm, Minneapolis — Appointed regent Janu- 
 ary 16, 1893, resigned August 9, 1894. Ex-ofTicio a member of 
 the board, as governor of the state, 1899-0'). Governor Lind was 
 'born in Sweden, March 25, 1854. He came to America when a 
 boy and received his education in the schools of his town. He 
 attended the University 1875-76. He began practicing law at New 
 Ulm in 1877; served as a mc-mber of the 50th, '51st, 52nd, and 58th 
 Congresses; Governor of Minnesota, 1899-00; 1st lieutenant and 
 quartermaster 12th Regiment, M. N. G., Spanish-American war. 
 Lawyer, member of the firm of Lind & Ueland, New York Life 
 building. 1775 Colfax avenue south. 
 
 LI PP, Charles C. — Assistant instructor in physiology and vet- 
 erinary medicine, 1905-07; assistant professor, same, 1907 to date. 
 1460 Raymond avenue, .St. Anthony Park. 
 
 LITERARY SOCI ETI ES— Department of Agriculture. The lit- 
 erary societies of the sciiool of agriculture include the following: 
 Adelphic, Gopher, Owl, S. A. U. M., North Star, Ski-U-Mah, Min- 
 nesota. They provide opportunities for securing instruction in de- 
 bate, elocution, together with entertainment and culture. 
 
 LITERARY SOCIETY ADDRESSES— In the early days Of the 
 University, the combined literary societies provided courses of 
 lectures, usually one lecture each year. The following is a pro- 
 gram of the lectures down to 1883, when the practice was given 
 up. 1873-74, Professors Brooks, Peckham, and Thompson, Rev. 
 D. B. Reed and Hon. Ignatius Donnelly; 1875, Rev. David Burt; 
 1876, Judge A. H. Young; 1877, Dr. .S. P. Starritt; 1878, Hon. D. L. 
 Kiehle, "Demands upon American Education;" 1879, Rev. C. M. 
 Terry, "The Specialist;" 1880, Professor G. Campbell, "History of 
 Philosophy in America;" 1881, Professor John F. Downey, "Lead- 
 ers;" 1S82, Rev. M. G. Dana, "Purpose in Life;" 1883, Hon. J. Ham 
 Davidson, "James Abram Garfield." 
 
 LITTLE, J. Warren — Demonstrator of operative surgery, 1897- 
 0<»; clinical instructor in surgery, 1900i-03; clinical professor of 
 .surgery, 190.'? to date. .Syndicate Arcade. 
 
 LITZENBERG. Jennings Crawford — Born April 6, 1870, Wau- 
 beek. la. Anamosa, la., high school, 18S9; B. S., University, 1894; 
 M. D., 1889. Educational director of the city Y. M. C. A., 189.5-98;
 
 134 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 supetintenrltnt of schools, St. Louis Park, Minn., 1894-95; assist- 
 ant piiysical director. University, ISbG to date. Instructor in ob- 
 stetrics, 1901-015; professor of clinical obstetrics, 190tj to date. 
 Lecturer on obstetrics to St. Barnabas, Asbury, Swedish and City 
 hospitals. i'955 Ciiicago avenue. 802 Pillsbury building. 
 
 LIVE STOCK PAVILION— Krected in 1904, at a cost of $32, OW. 
 
 LOAN FUNDS, STUDENT— The Elliott, The J. B. Gilfillan. 
 
 LOCAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS— Local associations are in 
 existence at the following named places — Alexandria, Minn. ; Anoka, 
 Minn.; Boston, Mass.; .Duluth, Minn.; Fergus Falls, Minn.; Helena, 
 Mont.; Minot, N. D. ; New York City, N. Y. ; San Francisco, Cal. ; 
 Seattle, Wash.: Spokane, Wash.; Washington, D. C. ; Williston, 
 N. D. 
 
 LOBERG, Adolph E. — Born January 31, 1876, Minneapolis. 
 Minneapolis public and iiig'li schools; M. D. University, 1901. In- 
 terne, St. Joseph's hospital; house physician to Bethesda hospital, 
 both of St. Paul, for two years after graduation. Assistant in de- 
 paitment of nervous and mental diseases 1906 to date. 221 Cedar 
 avenue. 
 
 LONGITUDE — The exact longitude of the University observa- 
 toiy is 6h. 12m. 57.041s. 
 
 LOTHOP, Sadie E.— Stenographer, purchasing- agent's office. 
 3356 Park ai/enufc. 
 
 LOWDEN PRIZE, The— Mr. Frank O. Lowden, of Chicago, offers 
 as a prize to be competed for by the Northern oratorical league, 
 an endowment of $3,900, which will yield an annual income of 
 about $175. A prize of $100 given to the winner of the first place, 
 $50 to the orator who gets second place, and the remainder will 
 be set aside each year for an interest fund to accumulate, and, in 
 time, produce another endowment. 
 
 LUDDEN TRUST, THE— The Honorable John D. I udden. of 
 St. Paul, in 1902, gave the University of Minnesota $5,000, which 
 was afterward increased to $10,000, to be held, invested and re- 
 invested by the University, thru the board of regents, and the 
 income thereof to be collected, received and applied by said board 
 of res^ents to the financial assistance of students of either sex 
 in the school of agriculture. The fund produces about $400 a 
 year. 
 
 The following conditions are imposed by the donor: "The bene- 
 ficiaries must be youths who are residents of the state of Minne- 
 sota; they must be and continue of unblemished moral character, 
 and of temperate and industrious habits, and they must be such 
 as by examination and trial shall evince and maintain a taste, 
 habit and aptitude for study and improvement; and any student 
 who shall fail to come, or shall cease to be, within the above 
 conditions shall forfeit all claims to the benefit of such fund. 
 Subject to these conditions tho administration of such income is 
 entrusted to the said board of regents which may make such 
 rules therefor as they may deem judicious." 
 
 When Mr. Ludden's will was probated, in Octotoer, 1907, it 
 was found that he had left $15,000 more to be used as the regents 
 may direct for the aid of needy and deserving students. 
 
 LUFKIN, Harry M.— Born April 13, 1860, Shelbyville, III. High 
 school and State normal university, 111. Professor of diseases of 
 children, 1889-04; professor of physical diagnosis and clinical med- 
 icine, 1904 to date. 617 Goodrich avenue, St. Paul.
 
 UNIVERSlTir OP MINNESOTA. 
 
 135 
 
 LUGGER. Otto — Entomologist and botanist of the experiment 
 station, ISS7-]y00; professor of entomology and botany, 1S90 to 
 date of death, 1900.? 
 
 LUNDEEN, John A. — Appointed to the U. S. military academy, 
 West i'oiiit, New York, from the 2nd congressional district, (St. 
 Peter) Minnesota, and was there as cadet from July 1, 1SG9, to June 
 13, I'iTS, when he graduated fifth in a class of forty-one members; 
 was promoted to the army to 2nd lieutenant of the 4th Artillery. 
 After gi-aduating he served for a month at his alma mater as 
 instructor of military engineering, and then, after tlie customery 
 graduating leave, repoitcd for duty with Light Battery "B", 4tli 
 Artillery, at Presidio, San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 29, 1873. He 
 was promoted to 1st lieutenant 4th Artillery in December of the 
 same year and was sent to Alaska in command of a small detach- 
 ment of men. He remained in Alaska until Aug. 26, 1876, when 
 he was ordered to the University where he served as a professor 
 of military science and tactics until June 5th, 1879. He also taught 
 mathematics, astronomy and Swedish. Upon leaving the Univer- 
 sity he was oi'dered to Fort Stevens, Oregon, and in 1880 he pro- 
 ceeded to I<'ort Monroe, Va., where he attended the artillery school, 
 graduating in 1882. 
 
 Since graduating from this school he has served successfully 
 at Fort Trumball. Conn., Fort Adams, R. I., Fort Snelling, Minn., 
 and Fort Warren, Mass. From 18S7-1S92 he served as assistant 
 professor of mathematics at West Point. He then was ordered to 
 Fort McPherson, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 LYON, Harold L. — Instructor in botany, 1000-04; assistant pro- 
 fessor, 1904-07. B. A., University, 1900; M. S., 1901; Ph. D. 1903. 
 Chemist for a sugar planter's association in Honolulu. 
 
 Mccarty, Edward P.— Born October 1, 1873, Clifton. 111. Ma- 
 pleton high .school; E. M., University, 1900; instructor in mining, 
 1900-06; assistant professor of miiung, 1906 to date. With the 
 Ruby Chief Mining Company, Irwin, Colo., 1900; with the Tri-r 
 State Development Coinpany, Marquette, Mich., 1903. 306 Tenth 
 avenue southeast. 
 
 McKAY, Jane — Registrar's oftice, assistant, since 1904. 134 
 Arch street, St. Paul. 
 
 McCLOUD, Charles N. — Lecturer on first aids to the injured, 
 college of pharmacy, 1902 to date. 965 Selby avenue, Bt. Paul. 
 
 McCLUMPHA, Charles F.~Assistant professor of English, 
 1895-1902; professor, 1902-05. 
 
 McCUTCHEON, F. W. — Lecturer on partnership, 1890-91. 
 
 McDANIEL, Charles — Instructor in forge shop, 1902-03. 
 
 McDAVITT, Thomas — Assistant in ophthalmology and otology, 
 1S94-95. 
 
 McDERMOTT, Edward Eugene — Born Fennimore, Wis. Rural 
 schools; Plattcvillo normal, two years; academy of Northwestern, 
 one voar; B S., Northwestern, 1S:S5; graduate work at Northwest- 
 ern in rhetoric and Englisli, 1889-90; M. S., Northwestern, 1890; 
 special courses in Emerson school of oratory and the Curry school 
 of expression, both of Boston. Taught in rural schools, one year; 
 grade and high schools, two years; superintendent of public scliQols, 
 Lancaster, Wis., two years. Instructor in rhetoric and elocution, 
 1891-95; assistant professor of rhetoric and elocution, since 1895. 
 Organizer of Minnesota state high school debating league, and 
 editor of its reports for past six years. Organizer of -Delta Sigma 
 Rho, an intercollegiate forensic honorary fraternity. 1307 Sixth 
 street southeast.
 
 136 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 McDonald, Hope^ — instructor in history, 1897-03. Assistant 
 professor, 1903-05. 
 
 MacDOUGAL, Daniel T.— Born at Liberty, Indiana, March 16, 
 1SG5. Completing tlie courses of the common and high schools, 
 after an interval spent in teaching, he entered DePauw universi- 
 ty in 1S84, receiving the degree of bachelor of science in 1890. 
 From 1888-90, he -wsls assistant in the botanical laboratory of De- 
 Pauw university. In 1890 he went to Purdue university as instruc- 
 tor in botany. On leave of absence during the summer season 
 of 1891, lie carried on botanical explorations for the U. S. Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture in Arizona, and performed similar service in 
 Idaho in 1892. In 1891 ho received the degree of master of science 
 from Purdue university for researches in the special senses of 
 plants, carried on in physiological laboratory of that institution. 
 In 1893 he tooK up work as instructor in plant physiology in the 
 University; became assistant professor in 1895, resigning ini 1899 
 to take up work in the Bronx botanical gardens of New York City. 
 
 McELMEEL, Owen P. — Born December 5, 1874, Earlville, la. 
 Four years in Iowa state normal. L.L. B., University, 1904. In- 
 structor in rhetoric and debate, 1904-07. Lawyer and credit man 
 for Bradshaw Brothers. Member of Delta Sigma Rho. 32 Orlin 
 avenue soutlieast. 
 
 McGEE, John F.— Special lecturer, college of law, 1902-0i3; spe- 
 cial lecturer on federal and state legislation, 1907 to date. New 
 York Life building. 
 
 McGILL, A. R., St. Paul— Regent ex-officio, as governor of the 
 state, 1887-88. 
 
 McGUIRE, A. J. — Superintendent of the sub-station at Grand 
 Rapids, 1904 to date. 
 
 MACHETANZ, Karl A. — Director of the gymnasium and in- 
 structor in history and arithmetic, school of agriculture, 1904 to 
 date. 
 
 MclNTYRE, Mary S.— Librarian of the school of agriculture, 
 19C0 to date University, 1900. 
 
 MACKINTOSH, Roger S.— Assistant in horticulture, 189'6-02. 
 
 McLAIN, Nelson Wylie — Director of the experiment station, 
 1SC8-1S91. 
 
 McLaren, Archibald— Adjunct professor of gynecology, 1888- 
 92: clinical professor, same, 1892-93; clinical professor of diseases 
 of women, 1893-05; clinical professor of surgery, 1905 to date. 
 Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 McLaren, Jennette M.— Born December 1857. Woodstock, 111 
 Hish school course and Lshort course at normal. Taught six years 
 in public school^. First assistant in obstetrics, 1905-07; clinical 
 instructor in same, 1907 to date. '589 Endicott Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 MacLEAN, George Edwin — Professor of English language and 
 literature, 1885-95. Called from the University to the chancellor- 
 ship of the University of Nebraska, remained at Nebraska 
 years and was then called to the presidency of Iowa state uni- 
 versity, -which position he now holds. Williams college, 1871. 
 Yale divinitj' school, 1874. Pastor at New Lebanon and Troy, 
 N. Y. Studied Old English at Leipsic, 1881, and the University 
 of Berlin, 1882-83. Studied at Cambridge and Oxford along line 
 of his speciality. Ph. D. Leipsic. 
 
 McMANIGAL, William Allison — University, B. A., 1904; LD. B., 
 1906; scholar in sociology, 1904 to date. Lawyer, 214 Globe build- 
 ing, St. Paul.
 
 UNIVERSITY Ol^ MINNEJSOTA. I37 
 
 McMillan, Conway — Born in Hillsdale, Mich. He graduated 
 from the classical course of the University of Nebraska in I880, 
 and was appointed assistant geologist by the board of regents. 
 During the summer he accompanied Prof. S. E. Hicks upon a 
 scientific trip to the Bad Lands. In 1886 he received the degree 
 of M. A. from his alma mater, and until the spring of 1887 was 
 in the biological laboratory at Johns Hopkins. His first work was 
 done in the University in March, 1887, as instructor in botany. 
 Later he was appointed entomologist of the Nebraska experiment 
 station, and published a prelimmary bulletin on injurious insects, 
 February 6, 1888. Made assistant professor of botany in 1890, and 
 professor in 1891. Botanist of the Geological and natural history 
 .survey. Resigned in 1906 to go into advertising business in Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 McMillan, S. J. R. — Lecturer on constitutional law, 1888-89. 
 MACNIE, J. S. — Clinical assistant in diseases of the ear and 
 eye, 1904 to date. Pillsbury building. 
 
 McVEY, Frank LeRond— Born November 10, 1869, Wilmington, 
 Ohio. Public schools of Toledo, O'Mo and Des Moines, la.; Dee 
 Moines college; A. B., Ohio Wesleyan, 1893; Ph. D., Yale, 1895; 
 principal of high school. Orient, la., 1892; instructor in history. 
 Teachers' college, Columbia university, 1896; instructor in eco- 
 nomics, University 1896-98; assistant professor same, 1898-00; pro- 
 fessor of economics, 1900-07. Member of Minnesota state tax com- 
 mission, chairman, 1907 to date. Associate editor of the American 
 economic association bulletin; director of the Twin-City exlubit, 
 St. Lous, 1904. member of the International jury of awards, St. 
 LoL'is 1904; President of associated charities, Minneapolis, 1899-07; 
 member of the executive committee of the National conference of 
 charities and corrections. Author of Populist Movement, 1896: 
 The Histor" and Government of Minnesota, 1900; Modern Indus- 
 trialism, 1904; numerous articles and reviews in the economic and 
 general press. 822 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 MAHONEY, Stephen, Minneapolis — Appointed regent June 15, 
 1889 and served to March 1907. having been twice re-appointed 
 and 'serving for eighteen years. Mr. Mahoney graduated from the 
 University in 1877, and was the first alumnus to serve on the board. 
 Born at Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1854. Came to Minnesota in 1857. 
 Entered the University of Minnesota in 1874 and graduated with 
 honors in 1S77. Taught school and studied law. Received IjL.. B. 
 from Iowa university in 1879. Elected judge of municipal court, 
 Minneapolis, in 1883. Engaged in practice of law in Minneapolis. 
 MAHOOD, E. W. — Instructor in arithmetic and gymnasium, 
 1&S5-03. 
 
 MAIN BARN— Erected in 1884, at a cost of $15,000, from the prof- 
 its on the .sale of the first University farm. 75x234 feet. Con- 
 tains, on the lower floor, stalls for beef and dairy cattle; on the 
 second floor hoi-sos, seeds, grain foods and machinery. This barn 
 has two silo'3, a root cellar and ample hay bays. 
 
 MAIN BUILDING — For the department of agriculture is a dig- 
 nified and imposing freproof structure, three stories and base- 
 ment in height, and covering a ground area on "T" form plan 
 248 feet in length and 145 feet in -Jepth. 
 
 Architecturally, the building is designed in the early Italian 
 style, the materials used being a brown pressed brick and trimmed 
 ■with granite and Bedford stone. The cornice is bold and of great 
 projection, the roof is covered with red tiles. The distinctive
 
 138 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNEJSOTA. ^^^ 
 
 character of the design is one of great strength and simplicity 
 combined with a pleasing color effect. 
 
 The basiMnent contains storage rooms and the ventilating fans 
 and healers, the steam supply being obtained from the central 
 heating plant; the ground !loor is devoted to offices and rooms for 
 the requirements of the division of agriculture with generous pro- 
 vision for class rooms, laboratories, and work rooms. 
 
 A striking- characteristic feature of the interior is tlie great 
 stone entrance hall and stairs, ttnished in polished Kasota marble; 
 this material has also been used for the floors of the halls through- 
 out the building with excellent effect. 
 
 The first floor contains the executive offices of the school and 
 college and experiment station together with a library and reading 
 room, as weli as seminars and farm accounts room and a beauti- 
 ful and spacious auditorium and stage; the auditorium and gallery 
 being- capable of seating- 1,000 people. 
 
 The second floor contains the entomological and sewing de- 
 partments. The entire building is finished in weathered oak and 
 the walls and ceilings in quiet but pleasing colors. The heating 
 is by steam which in combination with a blower system furnishes 
 abundant fresh warm air throughout the building at all times. 
 The lighling is by electricity. 
 
 MAJOR, E. W. — Instructor in sweet curd cheese work, 1896-99; 
 assistant in dairy husbandry, experiment station, 1899-(>2. 
 
 MALEY, Linda Helen. — Born June 9, 1S79, Faxon, Minn. Rural 
 schools; Mmneapolis, east iiigh school; B. A., University, 1901; 
 M. A., same, 1907. Assibtajit in rhetoric, University, 1901-04; in- 
 structor in same, 1904 to date. Phi Beta Kappa. 613 Washington 
 avenue southeast. 
 
 MANAGING EDITORS OF THE ARIEL— IS,"?. John H. Lewis; 
 18VS, John l?". Ooodnow; 1879, A. W. Rankin; IS5O, James Jenni- 
 son; 1881, F'rank N. Leavens; 1SS2, David Percy Jones; 1883, Thom- 
 as E. Trussell; 1884, Howard S. Abbott; 1885, Henry J. Grannis; 
 1886, Frank N. Stacy; 1887, Percy R. Benson; 1888, Arthur E. 
 Giddings; 1859. Patrick Kennedy; 1890, George A. Clark; 1891, Otto 
 K. Folin; 1892, Knut Gjerset; 1893, C. Elon Young; 1894, Arthur 
 L. Helliwell; 189o, Charles H. Topping; 189o, Alexander Caldwell; 
 1897, Conrad H. Christopherson; 1898, Charles A. Johnson; 1899, 
 Waldron M'. Jerome. 
 
 MANAGING EDITORS OF GOPHERS— A list of managing edit- 
 ors of Gophers will be foui.d in the Gopher of 1907, page 179. 
 
 MANAGING EDITORS OF THE MINNESOTA DAILY— 1900, 
 Sidney D.-W, Artam.s; 1901, Waltor 11. Murfia; 190'2, Jay I. Durand; 
 1903; Henry S. Ives; 1904, Charles Gilman; 1905, John P. Devaney; 
 1906, Edward Hall and Carol K. Michener; 1907, Algernon H. Col- 
 burn and J^enas L. Potter. 
 
 MANCHESTER, James Eugene — Born August 16, 1855, Pitcairn, 
 N. Y. B. S., University; D. Sc, Tuebingen, Germany; studied at 
 Gottingun. one semester; Heidelberg, three semesters; Leipsic, 
 two semesters; Tuebingen. tliree semesters. Superintendent of 
 schools, various places in Minnesota, five years; professor of math- 
 ematics, Vincennes university, three years; President of Vincennes 
 university. Instructor in mathematics. University, 1905 to date. 
 Author of Hohere Singularitaten Ebener Kurven. Member of the 
 American mathematical society; member of the Indiana academy 
 of science. 405 Oak street southeast. 
 
 MANDOLIN CLUB, The — Is an organization of men for the 
 purpose of securing the necessary practice to give public con-
 
 140 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 certs. The instruiments used are the mandolin, violin, 'cello and 
 guitar. Public concerts are given, usually in connection with the 
 glee club, both in and out of the city. Practice is liept up during 
 the college year, under the direction of competent instructors. 
 Membership is secured through competitive trials of skill. 
 
 MANN, Arthur Teall — Born in 1S66, New York City. Minne- 
 apolis high school, 1S84; B. S., University, 188S; M. D., Harvard, 
 1895. Taught in Minnesota high schools one year and was super- 
 intendent of same for tliree years. Four years in Massachusetts 
 hospitals; the Channing hospital for mental and nervous cases, 
 1895-96; surgical service of the Boston City hospital 1896-98; first 
 assistant physician, Massachusetts hospital, 1898-99; studied sur- 
 gery in German hospitals in 1904. Assistant in clinical surgery, 
 1901-03; instructor in clinical surgery. 1903-07; professor of clinical 
 surgei'y, 1907 to date. Author of Hemorrhoids, including an orig- 
 inal operation; Tin Splints, the Manufacture and Use, with some 
 original devices; Fractures of the Lower Jaw, including an orig- 
 inal method; Rapid Healing in Septic Cases, including the use of 
 iodoform wax in bone cases; Cases of Appendicitis, illustrating 
 some common mistakes m diagnosis; Acute Pancreatitis. Secre- 
 tary-Treasurer of the Western surgical and gynecological associa- 
 tion; Surgeon to the Northwestern hospital, Minneapolis; member 
 of ttie American medical association; the Minnesota state medical 
 association; the M'innes,polis medical club; the Hennepin county 
 medical association; the Commerciai club; the Minneapolis club. 
 704 Fillsburv building. 
 
 MANiN, Eugene Lansdon— Born May 20', 1861, Minneapolis. 
 Graduate of St. Paul public schools and Hobart college, Geneva, 
 N. Y. Professor of physical diagnosis and laryngology, college of 
 homeopathic medicine and surgery, 18S8-1902; dean of same 1902 
 to date. Contributor to medical journals. Graduate work in Aus- 
 tria, London, and Halle, Germany. Phi Beta Kappa. 881 Fair- 
 mont avenue. Endicott Arcade. .St. Paul. 
 
 MANSON, Frank M.—Instructor in animal biology, 1894-97. 
 Graduate of the University class of 1894; M. S., 1895; Med., 1899. 
 Now a practicing physician at Worthington, Minn. 
 
 MARSHALL, William R., St. Paul— Regent 1851-52. Ex-offl- 
 cio member of the board 1868-OS. Appointed 1873 and three times 
 re-appointed, resigned January 31, 1882. 
 
 MARSTON, Moses — Born in Williamstown, Vermont, in 1832. 
 He graduated from Middlebury college in 1856, and for many years 
 was a Universalist minister. He was subsequently called to the 
 professorship of Latin and Greek in St. Lawrence university. New 
 York, where he remained several years. About 1874 he was forced 
 to resign his position on account of ill health, and came to Min- 
 neapolis, hoping that a change of climate would be beneficial. 
 For a time he preached in the Church of the Redeemer, in Min- 
 neapolis; was elected to the professorship of English in the Uni- 
 versity in 1874 which position he filled until his death, July 11, 
 1883. His friends and pupils raised a fund of $1,000 to endow a 
 scholarship in English in his honor. This scholarship is known 
 as the "Moses Marsten scholarship" and is awarded annually. 
 
 MARTEN IS. John V. — Instructor in machine design, 1907 to 
 date. 215 Pleasant street southeast. 
 
 MATCH EN, Robert D. — Professor (homeopathic) of the princi- 
 ples and practice of surgery, 1888 to date; now senior professor 
 of same. Masonic Temple.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 141 
 
 MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, THE— Composed of professors, as- 
 sistant profes'-ors and instructors whose work is in pure or applied 
 mathematics, and meets the third Wednesday of each month for 
 the discussion of mathematical subjects. 
 
 MATHEMATICS MUSEUM— This includes tbe Schroeder wood- 
 en and the Scnilling- gypsum, string and paper models for solid 
 analytical geometry, many of the Schilling models for illustrating 
 the theory of surfaces, several of the Schilling mechanical devices 
 for describing various loci, the Keufel and Esser models for solid 
 geometry, and large slated globes, suitably mounted, for use in 
 splierical geometiy and spherical trigonometry. 
 
 MAVES, Herman A. — Instructor in operative dentistry, 1907 to 
 date. 601 Masonic Temple. 
 
 MAYNE, Dexter Dwight— Born May 14, 1863, Beetown, Wis. 
 State normal school, Plattesville, Wis.; some work at the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin; other institutions. Taught one year in 
 country school; one year in graded scliool; principal of Fennimore, 
 Wis. liigh school one year; same for Elkhorn high school, five 
 years; same for Fort Atehinson liigli school, four years; principal 
 and surierintendent, Janesville, Wis. schools, seven years, also 
 one year in schools of Ishpcming, Mich. Two years experience as 
 a commercial traveller; practical farm experience; conducted sum- 
 mer schools and institutes for a number of years. Principal of 
 the sc-hocl of agriculture since 1902; also instructor in farm mathe- 
 matics, civics, and economics; instructor in elements of agricul- 
 ture, college of education, 1906 to date. Author of Modern Busi- 
 ness Speller; Geography of Wisconsin (Morton's); Office Methods 
 and Business Practice, parts I and II; The Old Fort at Fort At- 
 kinson; First Principles of Agriculture (with Professor Goff ) ; 
 Mavne's Sight Speller; Modern Business English (with C. J. Smith) ; 
 other publications in preparation. St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 MAYO, E. D. — Instructor in mechanical drawing, 1SS6-S7. 
 
 MAYO, William J., Rochester — Appointed regent 1907, term ex- 
 pires 1913. Born ISGl. LeSueur, Minn. Private schools of Roch- 
 ester and medical department of the University of Michigan, M. D'., 
 18S3. Specialist in surgery wl)ich> he has practiced at Rochestei 
 since 1883. Member of the firm, of Drs. Mayo, Graham and com- 
 pany. Member of the American medical association, president 
 1906-07; Minnesota state medica-1 association; Olmstcad county 
 medical society, etc. 
 
 MEAD, Marlon A. — Assifatant in laryngology, 1902-05. 
 
 MEAT HOUSE — Erected in 1901, at a cost of $7,500. It pro- 
 vides accommodations fur one imndred and twenty students in the 
 lecture room. The killing and cutting rooms on the main lloor 
 are well adapted to large details for practice work, and the base- 
 ment curing rooms offer excellent opportunity for training in this 
 branch of the work. The store rooms are refrigerated by the am- 
 monia process and are so arranged that work started by a stu- 
 dent at any time can bo held almost indefinitely. 
 
 MECHANIC ARTS BU I LDI NG— This building was erected in 
 iSS6, at a cost of $30,000. It was remodelled and a large addition 
 made to it in 1903, at a cost of $10,000. It is constructed of red 
 pressed brick with rod sandstone trimmings and is a three story 
 and high basement building. It provides quarters for the depart- 
 ment of mathematics, drawing, civil, municipal and structural 
 engineering; tlie testing laboratories of these departments together 
 with some of the laboratories of the department of mechanical
 
 142 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 engineering, and some sliop and bench work. The building con- 
 tains many large class and lecture rooms and private offices of 
 professors, and drawing rooms for the department of drawing and 
 for the drawing work connected with the various departments 
 connected v/ith the departments housed in the building. The 
 building provides nearly thirty tliousand square feet of floor space. 
 
 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MUSEUM— The collection con- 
 sists of models of mechanical motions especially relatmg to the 
 work in kinematics; sectioned apparatus, such as injectors, water 
 meters and steam separators; various collections of drop forging 
 In iron, steel and copper; miscellaneous samples of commercial 
 work representing the product of special machines; groups of stand- 
 ard nuts, bolts and screwa; samples of belting, ropes, steel and 
 iron cables, rawliide gears, and other material especially useful 
 for illustrative purposes. 
 
 MEDALS — The Alumni Weekly gold medal, the Briggs medals, 
 the Rollin E. Cutts medal. 
 
 MEDICAL LIBRARY— This library consists of (a) The general 
 clinical and reference collection of some 4,000 books and bound 
 periodicals, and thirty-four current peiiodicals; (b) The college 
 collections of the college of homeopathic medicine and surgery, 
 the college of dentistry and the college of pharmacy; (c) The 
 departmental libraries, being special collections of books and cur- 
 rent periodicals belonging to tlie laboratories of anatomy, chem- 
 istry, histology and embryology, pathology and bacteriology and 
 physiology. In addition, the libraries of the Hennepin county 
 medical society, some 3,800 volumes and 50 journals, and that of 
 the Ramsey county medical society, some 4,500 volumes and 150 
 journals, are accessible to ihe medical student for reference work 
 and collateral reading. 
 
 MEDICAL SCIENCE BUI LDING— Completed in 1S96. The ini- 
 tial cost of the building was $40,000, but with an addition made 
 in 1898 and the changes and improvements made since, it prob- 
 ably represents an expenditure of $J'5,0'00, and with its museums, 
 libraries and other contents at the present time, could not be re- 
 placed for more than .flOO.O'OO. It is a large four story brick 
 building, (7r>xl50 feet) and is especially designed for laboratories. 
 Tliis building liouses the department oj histology and ambryology 
 and tliie department of physiology of this college. A portion of 
 the south wing is temporarily occupied by the college of phar- 
 macy. 
 
 The department of histology and embryology occupies the four 
 floors of thf^ north wing and center of the building, (about 17,0'00 
 square feet) and contains a large laboratory (44x70 feet) wiiich 
 is finely lighted by windows on three sides and part of the fourth. 
 On the second floor is a laboratory of neurology and lecture room 
 besides the departmental library and ofTices of the staff. The 
 tliird floor contains a special laboratory and smaller rooms for 
 research students as well as, rooms for photographic and recon- 
 struction work. On the lower floor are found numerous prepar- 
 ation and storage room? for the different laboratories. 
 
 The department of physiology occupies the greater part of the 
 south wing and center- of the building and provides large well 
 equipped laboratories for experimental and physiological chemis- 
 trv together with numerous finely equipped workshops, storage 
 and preparation rooms, animal rooms, lecture rooms, departmental 
 library and offices of the staff.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. I43 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETY, The— An organization of students of the 
 college of iiicdicine and suigiry, whose purpose is the extension 
 of the knowledge of its members in medical science and the pro- 
 motion of good-fellowship. Organized in 
 
 MEDICINE AND SURGERY, The College of— This college was 
 authorized by the chartc-r of the University and as far back as 
 1873. agitation for its organization was begun. It was not until 
 18&2, however, that the matter began to assume definite form. 
 The subject was brought to the attention of the board of regents 
 through a communication from Dr. Charles N. Hewitt, secretary 
 of the state board of health. Df. Hewitt wrote a letter to the 
 board, and appeared peraonally before it, and as a result a resolu- 
 tion was adopted by the board, authorizing the appointment of a 
 rommittoe consisting of Dr. Charles N. Hewitt, Dr. W. H. Leon- 
 ard, and President FolvvcU, to prepare definite plans for the es- 
 tablishment of such a college. Their report recited the then pres- 
 ent condition of medical education, and recommended the creation 
 of a faculty whose duties sliouid be that of an examining board, 
 to subject every candidate to an examination of a nature to de- 
 termine the candidates preliminary literary and scientific ciualifi- 
 cations, to rigidly but fairly examine into his professional fitness, 
 and require the submission and successful defense of an original 
 thesis upon a professional topic. This report was accepted and 
 adopted and the college, as an examining institution was estab- 
 lished Januai-j- 5, 18S3. Under this form of organization the col- 
 lege existed until 1887, nine persons receiving the degree of bachel- 
 or of medicine, under tiie regulations governing this organization. 
 
 On the 7th of April, 1887, a committee consisting of Drs. Hand, 
 Hewitt and Millard, waited upon the board of regents and urged 
 the estal.'lishment of a teaching college of medicine. The matter 
 was referred to a special committee of the board of regents, and 
 at a meeting of the board, held February 28, 1888, the representa- 
 tives of the board of trustees of the Minnesota hospital college 
 and the St. Paul medical school, tendered the regents their prop- 
 erties for five years, for the purpose of establishing a medical 
 college of high grade. The offer was accepted by the board. 
 In March of the same year, the board of trustees of the Minne- 
 sota homeopathic medical college, voluntarily surrendered their 
 charter and offered to provide a place for the work of this college 
 to be carried on. if the regents would establish a homeopathic 
 college of medicine. A committee was appointed to nominate a 
 faculty for the college of medicine and surgery and a college of 
 dentistry and another committee to nominate a faculty for the 
 iollege of homeopathic medicine and surgery. The three institu- 
 tions were thus merged into the department of medicine and work 
 was begun under the auspices of the University in the fall of 
 IS'^S, in the building which has of recent years been occupied by 
 Asbury hospital, on the corner of Sixth street and Ninth avenue 
 south, with Dr. Perry H. M'illard, as dean of the department. 
 For four years instruction was carried on in this building. The 
 legislature of 1891, appropriated $80,000 for a new building, to be 
 erected on the campus, and tins was completed so that the work 
 of the following year was pursued in the new building. "With the 
 removal of the department to the campus there was a Change 
 made in administration, so that each of the colleges of the depart- 
 ment was given its own dean, Or. Millard, continuing as dean 
 of the college of medicine and surgery instead of the whole de- 
 partment, and Dr. H. "V\'. Brazie, being made dean of the college 
 of homeopathic medicine and surgery, and Dr. "W. Xavier Sudduth
 
 144 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 being- made dean of the college of dentistry. The college of phar- 
 macy was organized at the same time and Frederick J. Wulling 
 was brought to the University as dean. 
 
 The work of the first two years is devoted wholly to the study 
 of anatomy, histology and embryology, chemistry, physiology, bac- 
 teriology and pathology, materia m.edica and therapeutics. The 
 work of the last two years is mostly technical and a study of 
 diseases and proper treatment for the same. The degree granted 
 is doctor of medicine. 
 
 The entrance requirements of this college have been steadily 
 advanced from the ordinary requirement for admission to a high 
 school to two years of college work. The course has been length- 
 ened from three to four years. This was done in 1S95. 
 
 The college is now resident in six buildings specially erected 
 for its use, Millard hall, the first medical building erected on the 
 campus; the Laboratory of medical chemistry; the Laboratory of 
 medical sciences; the Anatomy building; the Animal building; the 
 Institute of public health and pathology building, on the campus, 
 and a dispensary building located on Washington and Cedar ave- 
 nues. The college of medicine and surgery has advanced its re- 
 quirements, until now two fall years of college work are required 
 for admission. Dr. Perry H. Millard, was dean until his death 
 in 1S37; he was succeeded by Dr. Parks Ritchie, professor of ob- 
 stetrics, who lield that office until the spring of 1906, when he 
 resigned and was succeeded by the present dean. Dr. F. F. Wes- 
 brook. The college has graduated 794 inen and 49 women. The 
 faculty is composed of men wlio are paid for their services and 
 a still larger number of active practitioners who provide clinical 
 instruction in various lines. There are thirteen professors, and 
 forty-three assistant professors, instructors, prosectors, demon- 
 strators and assistants^ wlio are paid for their services, and whose 
 main work is devoted to the service of the department. The full 
 faculty Includes forty-one professors, four assistant professors, 
 thirty-three clinical and laboratory instructors and demonstrators, 
 nineteen clinical and laboratory assistants, :5ixteen scholars assist- 
 ing in laboratories. The enrollment for 1906-07 was ISO. Tuition, 
 $10iO a year. 
 
 The college is closely associated with the state board of health 
 and both have the use of certain laboratory equipment which is 
 mutually beneficial, the dean of this college being secretary of 
 the state board of health. 
 
 See Hospitals and Elhott Hospital. See also Six year medical 
 course. See special announcement 1884 and catalog of 1887. 
 
 MEEDS, Alonzo D. — Instructor in chemistry, 1890-94. Gradu- 
 ate of the University class of 18S9, now city chemist of Minneapolis. 
 
 MEEKER, B. B., St. Anthony— Regent 1853-56. 
 
 MELCHER, William P.— Instructor in German, 1873-74. 
 
 MELOM, Carl Marcus — Born June 26, 1874, Franklin, Minn. 
 Red Wing seminary, ISDP; B. L., University, 1901; M. A., 1902; 
 studied at the University^, of France ten months, as follows: Sor- 
 bonne. two months: Dijon, four months; and Caen, four months; 
 now working for Ph. D. at the University. Three years experience 
 in teaching, one in rural schools, two in the Government schools 
 of the Philippines. Scholar to teach Spanish, 1904-05; instructor 
 In Spanish and French, 190'5 to date. 2029 Seventh street south. 
 
 MERCER, Hugh V. — Lecturer on jurisprudence, college of law, 
 1906 to date. Practicing lawyer, Wilson & Mercer, 510 Security 
 Bank building. Member of board of directors of the General alum- 
 ni association.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 145 
 
 MEREDITH, Virginia C— Preceptress of the school of agricul- 
 ture, lSy7-9y; also professor of home economics, 1899-0'3. 
 
 MERRIAM, WIIMam R., St. Paul— Regent ex-oflicio, as governor 
 of the state, 1889-1891'. 
 
 MERRILL, Rev. Elijah W.— First principal of the University, 
 was born at Conv;ay, N. K., in 1S16. Died in Minneapolis, Feb- 
 ruary 15, 1901. Graduate of Wesleyan university (Conn.), taught 
 at Port Huron, Mich., afterward Albion college, Mich., of which 
 he was, for some time the principal. He was called to take charge 
 of the preparatory depaitment of the University in 1851, and actu- 
 ally opened a school on the 26th day of October of that year, in 
 a small building, erected by public subseription, on or near the 
 site of the old exposition building. The school was carried on by 
 Mr. Merrill for four years, he paying all of the expenses, including 
 his own compensation out of tuition fees received. Mr. Merrill 
 was the chief mover in calling and organizing the first teachers' 
 a.ssociation of the territory and was superintendent of public in- 
 struction for one year, parts of 1S54, 1855. He was ordained a 
 Congregational minister in 1SG3, and was pastor of various church- 
 es in this state until his health failed him in 1875, when he was 
 obHged to give up his v\'x>rk. See Ariel, 1891. 
 
 MERRIMAN, Orlando C, St. Anthony, Minneapolis — Regent 
 March 4, 1864-February 18, 1868; March 2, 1868- January, 1871. 
 Member of the special board of three regents to which board the 
 task of righting the tangled affairs of the University was referred 
 March 4, 1S64. 
 
 MERRIMAN, Wiljiam H. — Instructor in machine work, 1900-07. 
 
 MERWIN, T. Dwight — Lecturer on patent law, 1889-99. 
 
 MEYER, Arthur W.— Born August IS, 1873, Cedarsburg, Wis., 
 E. S., Wisconsin, 189S; M. D., Johns Hopkins, 1905. Taught coun- 
 try schools. 1891-93; principal of grammar school, 1893-95; teacher 
 of physics, St. Johns military academy, 1898-01; assistant and in- 
 structor in Johns Hopkins university, 1905-07; assistant professor 
 of anatomy, University, 1907 to date. Author of The Endothelium 
 of the Peritoneal Cavity of the Cat; the Human Umbilical Vesicle; 
 Rogerieration of the Lymph Glands in the Dog; the Lymphatic 
 Glands in Pregnancy; the Hemolymph Glands of the Sheep; Sub- 
 cutaneous Lymph Glands; the Physician and Surgeon in-.Shakspere; 
 Some Characteristics of the Medicine in Shakespere. 212 Church 
 street southeast. 
 
 MILES, A. D. E. — Demonstrator in charge of prosthetic clinic, 
 
 1891-93. 
 
 MILITARY Drill — The act of Congress of 1862, providing for 
 the establishment of "Land grant colleges," requires that instruc- 
 tion be given in military science and tactics at all institutions 
 that are its beneficiarie.-?. The Armory is located on the Univer- 
 sity campus and has all the facilities usually provided in a modern 
 Armory. The United States government supplies the University 
 with the necessary arms, equipment and ammunition for instruc- 
 tion in infantry and artillery drill, and details a commissioned 
 ofPcer of the regular anny to take charge of the department. 
 
 The office of professor of military science <ind tactics has been 
 held by the following named gentlemen: Maj. Gen. R. W. John- 
 son, (retired), 1869-71; Maj. E. L. Huggins, 1872-75; Lieut. John 
 A. Lundeen, 1876-79; Professor O. J. Breda, who came to the 
 University as professor of Scandinavian, in 1884, conducted work 
 in military drill, lor some time; I^ieut. Edwin F. Glenn, 1888-91;
 
 i ■■■■ MIHB ■■■■ < 
 
 The 
 University Grocery Store 
 
 ^MMOUJVCES 
 
 The home of expert merchandising 
 The neatest kept store and full of fresh 
 eatables procured from the best brands. 
 University people should recognize this 
 store as the best of all. 
 
 C. W. Mcncillcy, 
 
 400 14th Ave. S. E. 
 
 Tel. N. W. East 263-J 
 
 Tel. T. S. 16138. 
 
 • ■■■■•■■■ SHIBV 1 
 
 i ■■■■ ■■■•■■■■ <
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 147 
 
 Lieut. Geo. H. Morgan, 1891-9 1 ; Lieut. Harry A. Leonliaeuser, 
 lSy5-9S; Carlet Major Franlv M. Warren, Min. '99, lield tlie office 
 for 1S9S-99; Cadet M'aj. Edward Wiltgon, for 1899-00; Cadet Maj. 
 Walter J. Allen, for a part of 1900-01; Lieut. Haydn S. Cole, (re- 
 tired) 1901-03; Maj. Geo. H. Morgan, 1903-0'5; Capt. Edward Siger- 
 foos, 1905 to date. Capt. Sigerfoos, was recalled for a few months, 
 in 1906, and during his absence, the cadets were commanded by 
 Cadet Lieut. Col. Charles P. Schouten. 
 
 MILLARD HALL— Was completed in October, 1892, at a cost 
 of ?61,000. The appropriation for this building was made by the 
 legislature of 1891. The building is three stories high, with base- 
 ment. Basement and first story of red sandstone. Upper stories 
 of cream colored brick. Frontage, 125 feet, with 28,000 square 
 feet of floor space. From time to time changes and improvements 
 have been made in the interior and at the present date, it is prob- 
 able it could not be reproduced for 50 per cent more than the origi- 
 nal cost. This building contains a faculty room, amphitheatre, 
 lecture roooms ar.d laboratories of pharmacology, medicine and sur- 
 goiy. The library of the medical department is also housed there 
 and provision is made also for the colleges of dentisti-y and 
 homeopathic medicine and surgery. For location, see plat of 
 campus. The name of Millard Hall was given to this building in 
 190<5 in honor of Dr. Perry H. Millard, the first dean of the depart- 
 ment, it having been previously known as Medical Hall. 
 
 MILLARD Medical Library — By the bequest of the late dean. 
 Perry H. Miilard, M. D., who bequeathed his entire private medical 
 library to the department, the department came into possession 
 of a collection of several hundred volumes and pamphlets, includ- 
 ing many rare and old medical worlcs, sets of journals especially 
 rich in surgical works. 
 
 MILLARD, Perry H.— Born in New York, 1848. Graduate of 
 Ogdensburg educational institute. Began his medical practice in 
 1872. 18S1-S2 studied at Medical college in London. One of the 
 chief movers in the organization of the department of medicine; 
 dean of the department, 1S88-92; dean of the college of medicine 
 and surgery from that time till 'his death in 1897; professor of 
 the principles of surgery and medical jurisprudence. Medical Hall 
 was named "Millard Hall," in his honor by the board of regents 
 in 1906. 
 
 MILLER, Stephen, Windom — Regent ex-offlcio, governor, Janu- 
 ary 11 to March 4, 18G4. 
 
 MILLS, Eugene C. — Instructor in mining, 1896-99. 
 
 MINER, James Burt — Born October 6, 1873, Berlin, Wis. Ber- 
 lin high school, 1892; B. S., University. 1897; LL. B., same, 1899; 
 M. S., same. 1901; Ph. D., Columbia, 1903. Assistant in psycholo- 
 gy. University, 1900-01; instructor in psychology. University of 
 Illinois, 1903-04, had complete charge of all the work in psycholo- 
 gy in the absence of the professor; instructor in philosophy. Uni- 
 versity of Iowa. 1904-05; assistant professor of philosophy, same, 
 igOu-Oe; assistant professor of psychology. University, since 1906. 
 Author of M'otor, Visual and Applied Rhythms; A Case of Vision 
 Acquired in Adult Life; The Changing Attitude of American Uni- 
 versities toward Psychology; numerous reviews in philosophical 
 and psychological journals. Scholar in psychology, Columbia, 1901- 
 02: Fellow in psychology, same, 1902-0'3; Fellow of American asso- 
 cl-'tion for advancement of science; member of American psyoholo- 
 ogical association; Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi; Delta .Sigma Rho; 
 Zota Psi. 1319 Fifth street southeast.
 
 148 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 MINERAL Lands and Leases — The University lias lands, grant- 
 ed to the state_ f<;r the Uiiivei-sity, bj' the national government, 
 which are located in the iron region of northern Minnesota. It is 
 impossible to tell, with any degree of exactness, how much of this 
 land will prove to be valuable for mining purposes, but the state 
 has already leased 126 lOs for purposes of mining. 114 of these 
 are known to be in the iron bearing district and forty are in the 
 Biwabik formation, which is the richest in iron. The law grant- 
 ing the right to take out such leases, was suspended by the last 
 legislature and only such permits, as were taken out before the 
 suspension of the law, can become leases, and these must become 
 s(. before February, 1908, cr lapse. The state auditor has esti- 
 mated the income to the University, from this source to be any- 
 where from $20,000,000, up to $40,000,000. The money received 
 from these leases goes into the permanent endowment of the 
 University and only the income from such endowment can be used 
 for current expense. These leases are already beginning to add to 
 the permanent endowment of the University and within five years, 
 at the outside, the amount so added will be a very respectable sum 
 annually. 
 
 MINERVA Literary Society, The — Organized by young women 
 of the University February 2(3, 1895. This was the first women's 
 literary society in the University. The object of the society is 
 to promote among its members ability to prepare and to present, 
 in a way to arouse and sustain interest, a report upon an assigned 
 topic. Current events are reviewed and furnish frequent topics 
 for debate and informal discussion. Extemporaneous speaking is 
 also cultivated. The work of the society also includes book re- 
 views, biographies, dramatic reviews, and original stories. 
 
 MINES, School of, The — This school was established in 1888. 
 It existed as a separate organization until 1891, when it became 
 an integral part of the college of engineering, metallurgy and the 
 mechanic arts. In 1890, another reorganization took place and 
 the school of mines wa;3 made an independent organization with 
 its own course of study, faculty and in 1900, William R. Appleby, 
 professor of metallurgy, was made dean. This college is housed 
 in the school of mines building, and the ors-crushing plant, both 
 located on the river bank. This college is one of the best equipped 
 on the campus. Its faculty numbers thirteen professors, three 
 assistant professors and three instructors. Students, 1906-07, 138. 
 Tuition $30 a year for residents and double that for non-resident. 
 Admission to this school is based upon the completion of a full 
 hig'h school course with the usual mathematics and the passing of 
 an examination upon the required mathematics at the University. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS Life Underwriters Association Prize — A prize 
 of fifty dollars is offered by the Minneapolis life underwriter asso- 
 ciation for the best essay on life insurance written by a senior 
 of the class of 1907. Was awarded to Earl W. Huntley. 
 
 MINNESOTA Academy of Social Sciences, The — This is not a 
 University organization, but its members are so largely University 
 men that it is included in this dictionary. Organized in the spiing- 
 of 1907. The purposes of tiiis organization, as stated in its con- 
 stitution, are: (a) The encouragement of the study of economic, 
 political, social and historical questions particularly affecting tho 
 state of Minnesota, (b) The publication of papers and other ma- 
 terial relating to the same, (c) The holding of meetings for con- 
 ference and discussion of such questions. 
 
 MINNESOTA Alumni Weekly, The — The Weekly was started 
 just before commencement in June, 1901. It was the idea of
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 149 
 
 those back vDf the movement to publish the Weekly by picking up, 
 bodily, items of news frum the Minnesota Daily, that would be of 
 special interest to the alunuii. The project met such an enthu- 
 siastic reception Uiat it was found possible to issue it as an in- 
 dependent publication, using only a very limited amount of mate- 
 rial picked up from the Daily. The Weekly was started by its 
 first and present editor, E. B. Joimson, '88, whose personal prop- 
 el ry it was until the spring of 190G, when he turned it over to 
 the board of directors of the General alumni association. It is 
 now the official publication of the General alumni association. It 
 is issued weekly during: the college year, from September to June. 
 The first number was iysued September 14, IftOl. Sixteen pages. 
 Subscription price $1.25 a year. 
 
 MINNESOTA Alumni Weekly Gold Medal, The — This medal is 
 provided bv the AIin!ie.''ota Alumni Weekly and is awarded annu- 
 aliy by ihe faculty committee on debate and oratory to that stu- 
 dent who has made the best record in forensics during his college 
 course. This committee has established certain general principles 
 which are to govern the award of this medal, as follows: The 
 medal shall only be awarded to a student who has shown himself 
 broad-minded, unselfish, wliling to work courteously and enthusias- 
 tically, so as to best serve the interests of debate and oratory in 
 the University and bring credit to his alma mater and incidentally 
 to tiimself. The recipient must be a type and a model, as nearly 
 as the student body offers such a candidate each year, of what a 
 man may make himself through diligent application to the duty 
 next at hand. 
 
 MINNESOTA Assocldtion for Research, The — This association 
 was organized March 9, 1907. Prnfe.s.=or Gerould, the librarian is 
 tho permanent secretary of the organization and the chief execu- 
 tive offifer and is to provide a presiding officer for each of the 
 seven meeting to be held each year. The purpose of the associa- 
 tion is tho encouragement and proseoition of original research at 
 the University. 
 
 MINNESOTA Botanical Studies — Published by the staff of the 
 botanical department, as a report on the botanical division of the 
 State geolosica! and natural history survey. 
 
 MINNESOTA Dally, The — This is the official daily, publication 
 of the students of the University. It is owned and controlled by 
 the subscribers and is edited by a board of editors elected by 
 them. It is issued every week day during the college year, ex- 
 cept Mondays. The subscription price is $2 a year. Five columns, 
 •four pages. The first number of the Daily was issued May 1, 
 1900. 
 
 MINNESOTA Daily News — This publication was started by a 
 rival student organization, in Docember, 1903, who felt that the 
 Minnesota Daily was not fiiiing the field which it should occupy. 
 After a few months this publication was combined with the Min- 
 nesota Daily .and has been issued under this name since that 
 date. 
 
 MINNESOTA Debating Board — This board is provided for In 
 the constituMor of t!ie delating and oratorical association of the 
 University of Minnesota. It is made up of four faculty and five 
 student members, (the faculty members holding the balf.nce of 
 power), and has charge of all matters connected with the stu- 
 dent activities in these lines. The faculty members are appointed 
 by the faculty of the college of science, literature and the arts.
 
 150 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 This board is the result of evolution running through many years. 
 It was originated in the idea of those most closely connected with 
 debate, in the department oi rhetoric, that all departments of the 
 University were interested in this line of work and that all de- 
 partr:;ents were, in a sense, responsible for the proper training of 
 Phe teams to represent the University. An effort was made to enlist 
 the aid of other departments and the debating board, composed 
 as above, is the outgrowth of this movement. It is the logical, 
 and probably the lineal descendant of the old oratorical associa- 
 tion, organized in 1880 and which had charge of oratorical events 
 down through 1897-98, when it was succeeded by the debating 
 board created under a new organizaticn. In 1896, the Federated 
 literary societies undertook to look after debating interests. Up 
 to that time debate had received little encouragement and had no 
 organized backing:. 
 
 MINNESOTA Literary Union, The — See "Federated Literary 
 
 Societies." 
 
 MINNESOTA Magazine, The — This publication was started in 
 the fall of 1894, by a close corporation of members of the senior 
 class of the college of science, literature and the arts. A monthly 
 literary magazine. Price $1 a year. In 1906 the magazine was 
 changed so as to make its board of editors elected by the sub- 
 scribers, from members of the senior class. 
 
 MINNESOTA Medical Monthly, The — (Homeopathic) was es- 
 tablished in 1SS7, was published, as a college magazine, for about 
 four years. Edited by Dr. W. E. Leonard. 
 
 MINNESOTA Seaside Station, The — This station which was es- 
 tablished by Professor Conway McMillan, of the department of 
 botany, though it has no official connection with the University, 
 is so closely identified with the work of the department that it is 
 included here. It is a botanical experiment station located on 
 Vancouver island, on a little cove at the entrance of the straits 
 of Fuca, nearly opposite Cape Flattery. The post office is Port 
 Renfrew, sixty miles north of Victoria. The station affords excel- 
 lent provision for the study of marine botany. Classes are or- 
 ganized and work is prosecuted with enthusiasm and vigor so 
 that much can be accomplished though the time spent here each 
 year is but short. As a result of the work of this station, two 
 volumes of Postelsia have been published. See Postelsia. 
 
 MINNESOTA Stories— A volum.e of twenty typical University 
 stories chosen mainly from the Minnesota M'agazine and published 
 in 1903 by the H. W. Wilson Company. Maroon cloth with half 
 tone plate. 
 
 MINNETONKA Fruit Farm, The— The Legislature of 1878, March 
 8, authorized the regents to purchase a fruit farm at Minnetonka 
 at a cost of not to exceed .?2,000. The farm, 116 acres, was pur- 
 chased of Culver & Farrington. The money to pay for this land 
 was taken out of current expense account, $800, and the balance, 
 $l,a00, from the fund received from the sale of the Congressional 
 land grant of July 2, 1862. The provisions of the act required that 
 this land be used to conduct experiments in apple and other fruit 
 trees, under the direction of a person to be appointed by the 
 governor and an annual appropriation, of $1,0'00 was made for 
 carrying out the provisions of the act. Peter Gideon, of Excelsior, 
 who had originated the Wealthy apple, was appointed by the gov- 
 ernor in conformity with the provisions of the act. For ten years 
 this farm was maintained, and many experiments of value, were 
 conducted. The horticultural department of the experiment sta- 
 tion was found to be able to carry on these experiments fully as
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 15 1 
 
 successfully as on this farm and the legislature of 1889. authorized 
 the regents to sell this farm, repealing the act authorizmg its 
 purchase and providing for carrying on experiments on the same. 
 The sale of the farm was left to the discretion of the board of 
 regents. Real estate values fell and the regents were unable to 
 make a sale upon terms that seemed as satisfactoiy until 1896, 
 when forty acres were Fold for $8,000. The last sale was made in 
 December, 1901. and the total amount realized from the sale 
 was $16 169.43. Of this sum $1,309.10, were turned back into the 
 permanent University fund, to reimburse that fund for money 
 advanced on the purchase price of the farm, the balance going 
 in:o the general University current expense fund. This was tlie 
 first purchase of land, made tor strictly experimental purposes, 
 in 'connection with the University or any of its departments, other 
 purchases having been made for illustrative purposes m connec- 
 tion with instruction. 
 
 Ml NOT, N. D.— The alumni of Minot have an association. C. 
 B. Bach, president and Sam H. Clark, secretary. 
 
 NIOAK, Clarence Britt— Born June 25, 1884, Minneapolis. East 
 high school and School of agriculture. Assistant in dairy labora- 
 to-y. Dairy .«choo1, 1899-01; instructor in charge of dairy labora- 
 tory', 19fll to date. 72 North Sixteenth street. 
 
 MONSON, George S.— Student assistant in dental technics 1892- 
 93: D. M. D.— instructor in prosthetic technics, and orthodontia, 
 1893-96. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, Louise— Instructor in rhetoric, 1890-92. Grad- 
 uate of the University class of 1889, now head of social settlement 
 woriv in Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 MOORE, A. L.— Dental infirmary clerk, 1903 to date. 
 MOORE, Ira— Irstructor in mathematics in the preparatory de- 
 partment of the University, 1867-69. 
 
 MOORE, James Edward-Born March 2. 1852 Clarksvine. Pa 
 Public schools of Pennsylvania; three years in Poland. Ohio Union 
 reminarv University of Michigan, 1871-72; M. D.. Bellevue hos- 
 pital meiical college. NOW York City, 1873. ^^^^'-'^^^j'^.^'^l''^, 
 pedic surgery, 1888-90; professor orthopedic surgery and clinical 
 surgery 1890 04; professor of surgery, 1904 to date. Author of 
 Moore's Orthopedic Surgery. 1898; editor of department of Surgical 
 Snlc in American Practice of Surgery. 1907; frequent contributor 
 to other books and surgical and medical journals. Fellow of the 
 American surgical assolia.ticn; Surgeon-in-chief, to Northwestern 
 hospital. 794 Pillsbury building. 
 
 MOORE, John G.-BornatSchney,Germany,November 12 1848^ 
 Early education in schools of Schney; came ^^ United States 
 when quite yourg and entered Mexico, N. Y.. Academy. Cornell 
 miversitv. 1873: instructor in German, 1873-74; professor of North 
 European languages, 1874-79; professor of modern languages. 18-9- 
 Sn; professor of German language and ^'terature 188^ to date^ 
 q.jdier '.n the 181lh New York volunteers, during the war of tn« 
 SbelUon serving until the close of the war. Member of the 
 Minneapolis' boa?d of education. 1869-90; Public library board. 
 1890-90; president of the Board of corrections and chanties. 1899- 
 03. 2810 University avenue southeast. , ,o^r tvt<, tm 
 
 MOORHEAD. Martha B.— Born December 5. 1865. Milan. III. 
 Educated at Blairsville college (formerly Uadies' seminary); Medi- 
 cal college of Penn.'iylvanla; New England hospital; Northwestern 
 hospital. Teacher. Blairsville ladies' seminary. Lecturer In do- 
 mestic hygiene, School of agriculture, since January. 1903. 914 
 Second avenue south.
 
 152 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 MORGAN, George H.— Born at St. Catherines, Ont., January 1, 
 1856, arrived in Territory of Minn., 1S5G, lived at St. Paul one 
 year, then with parents moved to St. Anthony. Early schooling, 
 public school of St. Anthony and Minneapolis and University. Ap- 
 pointed to West Point 1876 from the old 3rd district. Graduated 
 from Military academy, 1880. Appointed 2nd lieutenant 3rd U. S. 
 Cavalry. Served with the regiment until June, 1903, passing 
 through the grades of 1st lieutenant and captain; is now Major 
 9th U. S. Cavalry. Served with the 3rd Cavalry in Wyoming, Ari- 
 zona and Texas. Breveted 1st lieutenant and medal of honor in 
 campaign against Apaches in Arizona, 1882. In 1891 detailed to 
 the University for four years. Rejoined 3rd Cavalry in 1895. Cam- 
 paign of Siantiago, 1898. Appointed Major 2Sth A^ol. Infantry, 1899 
 and served with that regiment in the Philippines until musterea 
 out May 1, 1901. Detailed at the University of Minn. August i, 
 1903, recalled by government in 1905. Now in the Philippines. 
 
 MORRILL Bill— This bill became a law August 30, 1890 .The bill 
 is "An act to apply a portion of the proceeds of the public lands 
 to the more complete endowment and support of the colleges for 
 the benefit of agricultu-/e and mechanic arts, established under 
 the provisions of an act of Congress approved July 2, 1862." It 
 is directed to the better support of agricultural education, rather 
 than investigation, save as investigation is a part of education. 
 Under it.-s provisions the University receives annually $25,000. Orig- 
 inally the bill provided foi an annual appropriation of $15,O0'0, with 
 an increase of $1000 each year until the sum reached the $2'5,<}0'(L 
 which the bill now carries. 
 
 MOSES MARSTON SCHOLARSHIP IN ENGLISH, THE— 
 FiJends and pupils of the late Professor Marston. Ph'. D., have 
 given and pledged one thousand dollars as a meinorial fund. The 
 annual income of the fund is used to help som.e student in the 
 long Englisn course. The award is made on the basis of pecuni- 
 ary need and of deserving scholarship. 
 
 The benefits of the scholarship have been enjoyed by the fol- 
 lowing named students: Clarence Ellithorpe, 1895-96, Sivert Jor- 
 dahl, 1896-97; Isabel D. Parker, 1897-98; Ethel C. Brill, 1898-99; 
 Edward O. Ringstad, 1899-00; Allen R. Benham, 1902-03; Amanda 
 I.,ucas, 1906-07. The fund has increased through interest pay- 
 ments until now it is pi-actically $1,200. 
 
 MULLIN, Robert Hyndman — Born January 24, 1877, Hamilton, 
 Ont., Canada. Graduate of Collegiate institute, Hamilton; B. A., 
 University of Toronto, 1899; M. B., same, 1902; licenciate of the 
 College of physicians and surgeons of Ontario, 1902. Assistant 
 drfmonstraljor of pathoiog^', lUniversity 'of I'^oronto, one year. 
 Demonstrator of pathology and bacteriology, University, 1904 -0i6; 
 senior demonstrator of pathology and bacteriology, 1906 to date. 
 Clinical nssistant of Rockwood's hospital for the insane, Kingston, 
 Ont., and interne, Toronto general hospital, one year; assistant 
 bacteriologist of the Provincial board of health laboratories, Ont. 
 Member of Alpha Delta Phi; Nu .Sigma Nu; Sigma Xi; Hennepin 
 county medical society; Minneapolis medical club. 827 University 
 avenue southeast. 
 
 MURRAY, William R.~Eorn April 6, 1869, Marquette, Mich. Ph. 
 B. Michigan; M. D., Rush Medical, Chicago. Instructor in oph- 
 thalmology and otology. University, 1902-05; clinical professor of 
 diseases of nose and throat, 1905 to date. Contributor to genera] 
 and special medical journals 510 Pillsbury building. 
 
 MUSEUIVS — In addition to the general University museum, spe- 
 cial museums are being brought together, by various departments,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 153 
 
 as follows: ngriculture, botany, chemistry, civil engineering, classi- 
 cal, electrical engineering, engineering mathematics, English, 
 mathematics, meclianical engineering, geology and mineralogy, the 
 Williams collection of photographs and photographic negatives, and 
 zoology. See under heads indicated. 
 
 MUSICAL Federation, The — This is an organization of the mu- 
 sical interests in the University and has as its object the promo- 
 tion of the interests of each of the organizations represented and 
 further, the promotion of the musical interests of the University, 
 and an effort to arouse a gi-eater interest in such matters and to 
 secure if possible oflicinl recognition of music as a part of the 
 regular college -curriculum, in greater degree than in the past. 
 
 NACHTRIEB, Henry Francis — Born May 11, iS57, near Gallon, 
 Ohio. Pubiic schools and German Wallace college and Baldwin uni- 
 versity B. S., University, 1882; graduate student at Johns Hopkins, 
 Absista'nt in botany and zoology, 1385-86; assistant in zoology, 
 1886-87; professor of animal biology, 1SS7 to date; zoologist of the 
 geological and natural history survey and Curator of the zoological 
 museum since 1887. Author of Preliminary notes on the Develop- 
 ment of Echinoderms of Beaufort: Notes on Echinoderms Obtained 
 at Beaufort, N. C: A New Waterbath; Permanent Preparations 
 in Hermetically Sealed Tubes; Freshwater Zoological Stations; The 
 Megalops: reviews of text books, etc.; editor of the zoological 
 series of the Minnesota geological and natural history survey. 
 Fellow of the American as.5ociation for the advancement of sci- 
 ence; member of the American society of zoologists, Central branch; 
 American breeders' association; American association of museums; 
 Washington academy of sciences; St. Anthony commercial club. 
 905 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 NEILL, C. K. — Uecturer (homeopathic) on skin and genito-uri- 
 nary diseases, 1003-04; professor, same, 1901 to date. Medical 
 building. 
 
 NEILL, Edward D., St. Paul — Regent ex-officio, state superin- 
 tendent of public in.struction, February 2S, I860', to March 4, 1864. 
 Urder the form of organization then in force, Mr. Neill was chan- 
 cellor of the University as well as regent and superintendent of 
 public in^:trllction. 
 
 NELSON. Benjamin F.— Appointed regent in 1905; term expires 
 1910. Bom May 4. 1843, Greenup county, Ky. Educated in the 
 public schools. Enlisted and served as a Confederate .^oldicr in 
 2nd Kentucky Cavalry; prisoner at Camp Douglas. Chicago, at 
 close of war. Came to Minnesota in September, 1SC5; associated 
 in lumber business until 1873. when he took up the business on 
 his own account; member of the Nelson-Tuthill lumber co.; presi- 
 dent of the Leach Lake lumber co.; B. F. NeLson & sons co.; Leech 
 nepin paper co.; Nelson paper co.; B. F. Nelson & sons co.; Leech 
 Lake land co.; vice-president of the Spokane lumber co.; director 
 In Swedish American National Bank; First National Bank of Walk- 
 er; trustee Swedish Savings Bank; trustee and vice-president of 
 Hamlinc University; .ex-alderman; member of park board, board of 
 education, board of managers of State prison. Member of the 
 State historical association. 
 
 NELSON BILL — The Nelson bill Is practically an amendment to 
 the M'oriill bill, which was for the encouragement of agricultural 
 education, ?s distinct fvom agricultural investigation. It was ap- 
 proved March 4, 1907, and appropriated $5, 000 for 1907, and $5,000 
 more for each of the following four years, until it reaches a maxi- 
 mum of $25,0010, doubling' the appropriation carried by the Morrill
 
 154 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 bill. The money provided by this bill is to be used strictly for 
 agricultural education and no part of it can go for general ex- 
 penses, to include the mechanic arts. 
 
 NELSON, Knute, Alexandria — Appointed regent, 1882, re-ap- 
 pointed 1SS4. 1SS7. 1890 for six years; became gover.ior of the state, 
 and so regent ex-officio, January 16, 1893, holding this office until 
 January, 1895. Elected United States senator in 1895, re-elected in 
 1901 and 1907. 
 
 NELSON Law Library — This is a rare collection of fifteen hun- 
 dred volumes, donated to the University of the Honorable R. R. 
 Nelson, of St. Paul, upon retirement from the federal bench. It 
 contains many old English reports, in addition to those already 
 mentionea, and many ancient treatises upon common iaw. 
 
 NELSON, Mark O. — Demonstrator of prosthetic dentistry, 1895- 
 96. 
 
 NELSON. Socrates, Stillwater— Regent, 1851-59. 
 
 NESS, J. A, — Instructor in Scandinavian and Latin, 1891-93. 
 
 NEWKIRK, Burt L. — Assistant professor of engineering mathe- 
 matics, 1907 to date. 
 
 NEWKIRK, Harris D. — Assistant in (homeopathic) clinical 
 medicine and physical diagnosis, 1903-04. 
 
 NEWTON, Harold M.— Student assistant in chemistry, 1904- 
 07; instructor in chemistry, 1907 to date. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY — Eastern Alumni Association of the Univer- 
 sity of Minnesota. President, Henry Johnson, '89; first vice-presi- 
 dent, Susan li. Olmstead, '88; second vice-prasident, Roy V. 
 Wright, '98; .secretary-treasurer, F. Amos Johnson, '86. The offi- 
 cials constitute a board of directors who have general charge of 
 the affairs of this association. 
 
 NICHOLS, Charles Washburn— Born June 20, 1883, Belchertown, 
 Mass. B. A., Yale, 1905; one year in Harvard and one year in 
 Yale graduate schools; M. A., Yale, 1907. Instructor in rhetoric 
 since 1907. Author of Yale university prize poem of 1907, "Roland 
 and Aude," a verse play. Published August, 1907. 83 3 Eighth 
 avenue southeast. 
 
 NICHOLS, John, St. Paul— Appointed regent March 4, 1868, serv- 
 ing on the special board of three until February 18, 1868. Ap- 
 pointed under the re-organization March 2, 1868, and served until 
 day of his aeath, July 29, L873, having been re-appointed in 1871. 
 
 NICHOLSON, Edward E. — Instructor in chemistry, 1895-97; as- 
 sistant professor since 1897. 914 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 NICKERSON, B. S.— Instructor in chemistry, 1902-03. 
 
 NICKERSON, Margaret L.— Assistant in histology, 1897-98; in- 
 structor in histology, 1S9S to date. 217 Beacon street southeast. 
 
 NICKERSON, Winfield S.— Instructor in histology, 1897-98; 
 demonstrator in histology, 1S98-99; assistant professor of histology 
 since 1809. 217 Beacon street southeast. 
 
 NINETY (Class of) Fellowship— The class of 1890 attempted to 
 establish a fellowship, at giaduation, as a class memorial. It was 
 honed to make the fellowship an annual affair and plans were 
 made and an agreement entered into with the University fellow- 
 ship association to bring this about. The plans did not work out 
 of the obligation which it had incurred. This request was grant- 
 ed and the class committee took charge. In 1902, this committee 
 found themselves in possession of funds sufficient to award the
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNE^SOTA. 155 
 
 fellowship and Charles E. Stangeland, of the class of 1901, was ap- 
 pointed. Mr. Stangeland spent the year in Germany, raaking his 
 main line of work economics, studying with Schmaller, "Wagner 
 and Sering; the secondary lines were in politics, where he studied 
 with Gierke and von Martels, and anthropology, studying with 
 von Luschan. His thesis was upon "Pre-Malthusian Doctrines of 
 Population " Whether the class will offer another fellowship is 
 an open question. 
 
 NIXON, Lilh'an — Instructor in rhetoric, 1904-06. Did graduate 
 work at Columbia university, 190G-07. 
 
 NIPPERT, Louis A. — Clinical instructor in medicine, 1S98-03; 
 clinical prolessor of medicine, 1003 to date. Syndicate Arcade. 
 
 NOOTNAGEL, Charles — Assistant in clinical medicine, 1894-99, 
 clinical professor, same, 1899-0<3; clinical professor of medicine and 
 physical diagnosis, 1906 to date. 1037 Andrus building. 
 
 NORRIS, Elizabeth May — Instructor in freehand drawing, 1901- 
 03. 
 
 NORTH, John W., St. Anthony — Treasurer, but not a member, 
 of the board of regents during its organization from 1S51-G0. To 
 Colonel North, more than to any other one man, belongs the credit 
 of starting Ihe movement which resulted in the establishment of 
 the University of Minnesota. He, it was, who framed the act 
 which was adopted by the University February 13, 1851, as the 
 charter of the University. 
 
 NORTHERN Oratorical League, The — Is composed of the ora- 
 tories: 1 associations of the University of Michigan, Northwestern 
 university, the University of Wisconsin, Oberlin college, the State 
 University of Iowa, the University of Chicago, and the University of 
 Minnesota. Its purpose is to foster an interest in public speaking and 
 to elevate the standard of oratory by holding annual contests. 
 The contests are open only to undergraduates. Minnesota was 
 admitted to this league in 1899. Joseph W. Beach now assistant 
 professor of English, was Minnesota's first representative in this 
 league, he won fifth place in the contest. In 1900, W. M. Jerome, 
 represented Minnesota, and was awarded fourth place. In subse- 
 quent yesLVs, Minnesota has been represented successively by T. 
 D. Schall, v,ho stood fifth; by T. D. Schall, who won first place 
 in the league contest; in 1903, G. P. Jones, went as Minnesota's 
 representative end won third piace; the next year Mr. Jones again 
 represented Minnesota and won first place; in 1905, Theodore 
 Christianson. represented Aliiinesota and was awarded secona 
 place; in 1906, Lucile Way represented Minnesota and won fifth 
 place; in 1907, Vivian Colgrove was Minnesota's representative 
 and was given fifth place in the League contest. 
 
 NORTHROP, Cyrus— Born September 30, 1834, at Ridgefield, 
 Conn. Vale. 1S5T; Yale law school, '59; LL,. D., Yale, '86; same, 
 University of Wisconsin, 1904; same, Illinois college, '04; same. 
 South Carolina college, '05. Admitted to bar of Connecticut, 1860; 
 clerk of the Connecticut House of Representatives, 1861; senate, 
 1862; editor of the New Haven Palladium, 1863; professor of rhe- 
 toric and English literature, Yale, 1863-84; President of the Univer- 
 sity i?ince 18i4. Ex-officio a member of the board of regents same 
 time For biographical sketches, see Gopher of 1899, pp. 19-32; 
 for a study of his personality, see Gopher of 1901, pp. 234-241. 
 Pi-esident Northrop has been in almost constant demand for public 
 addresses since coming to the University. He has lectured to 
 the students upon Shakespereaa topics, mainly. At national m.eet- 
 ings of various church bodies, particularly the Congregational, he
 
 IS6 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 has had a leading part and his addi'esses upon sucla occasions 
 have iisual'y struck the key note of tlie occasions. His short 
 talks to students after chapel have made their impress on the 
 
 President Northrop. 
 
 lives of the vast throngs of students who have been privileged 
 to hear them. He has published nothing but pamphlets of his 
 various addresses. Phi Beta Kappa; Delta Kappa Epsilon. 519 
 Tenth avenue soutlieast. 
 
 NORTHROP Field— An enclosed athletic field containing about 
 six acrey, immediately adjoining the armory. It is suirounded 
 by a high iorick vi^all, the gift of A. F. Pillsbury, I.aw '94, and ib 
 one of the finest athletic fields in the country. The whole en- 
 closure is covered with turf; and excellent running tracks, a base- 
 ball diamond and tennis and football grounds are laid out. The 
 grandstand and bleechers will provide seats for from fifteen to 
 twenty thousand. 
 
 The acquiring of this magnificent field is due largely to (Gov- 
 ernor Pillsbury, who purchased six lots between Union and Har- 
 vard streets and between Arlington street and University avenue. 
 He enlisted the aid of some prominent alumni in the city, and 
 secured the vacation of Union street from Arlington to University 
 avenue and of Arlington street from Harvard to the river. The
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 157 
 
 state purchased four lots, thus givhig the University the whole 
 block and the vacated streets, to be added to the original field, 
 which extended to Union street only. The gift was planned by 
 Governor Tillsbury and was consummated by his heirs, after his 
 death. 
 
 NORTHV/ESTERN Bible Seminary, The — This is an organiza- 
 tion which has been decided upon by the Disciples of Christ. It is 
 to be located near the campus, and its object is to provide young 
 men and women who are members of the Christian church, and 
 others w!io may be interested, an opportunity to supplement their 
 regular University work with certain courses necessary to the 
 training for the ministry. The promoters of the plan l;ave ex- 
 pressed themselves as determined to keep the scope of the instruc- 
 tion of such broad character as to make it strictly undenomina- 
 tional and they stand ready to eo-operate with any other church 
 organization in any work thct may be undertaken tor the strength- 
 eninij of the religious lite of the University. The seminary is to 
 be opened for students in the fall of 1908. 
 
 NOYES, Daniel R., St. Paul— Appointed regent December 12, 
 1904. Term expires March, 1910. Wholesale druggist, member of 
 the firm of Noyes Brothers & Cutler. Born November 10, 1836, 
 Ljnne, Conn. Volunteer in Civil War; founded present business 
 house in 1SG9; connected with numerous commercial and public 
 institutions; trustee of Carleton college for thirty-two years; was 
 vice-moderator of the Presbyterian general assembly, 1902; mem- 
 ber of the committee for the revision of the creed; vice-president 
 of the American Sunday School Union; member of the Society of 
 colonial wa"s; Sons of the American revolution; American social 
 science association; American historical association; National geo- 
 grapnical society. 366 Summit avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 NOYES, William A. — Instructor in chemistry, 1882-83. 
 NU SIGMA NU — Medical fraternity. Epsilon chapter estab- 
 lished in 1891. Founded at Michigan in 1869. 1314 Fourth street 
 southeast. 
 
 NUZUM, Helen B. — Assistant in clinical obstetrics, 1897-98. 
 OBERHOFFER, EM I L— Professor of music, 1902 to date. Pro- 
 fessional musician in this city. 
 
 O'BRIEN, Christopher Dillon— Born December 4, 1848, Galway, 
 Ireland. Attended various public and private schools. General law- 
 practice. Uocture on criminal law and procedure, 1888 to date. 
 21'! Globe building, St. Paul. 
 
 O'BRIEN, Henry J.— Clinical professor of surgery, 1902 to date. 
 Dowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 O'BRIEN, Thomas D.— Born DaPointc, Wis., February 14, 18159. 
 Admitted to state bar, 1880; state insurance commissioner. Spe- 
 cia' lecturer upon the proper exercise by the state of its police 
 power, college of law, 1907 to date. 635 Dincoln avenue, St. Paul. 
 OESTUUND, Oscar W.— Born September 27, 1857, Attica, Ind. 
 Augustana college, Rock Island, 111.; University of Minnesota; A. 
 B Augustana, 1879; M. A., same, 1SS7; Ph. D., same, 1900. Ento- 
 mologist of the geological and natural history survey of Minne- 
 sota- Entomologist of the Horticultural society of Minnesota. En- 
 tomologist and assistant, 1884-85; entomologist of the natural his- 
 tory survey 1885 to date; assistant and instructor, animal biology, 
 1891 -1906; assistant professor, same, 1906 to date. Author of Dist 
 of Aphididae of Minnesota; Synopsis of Aphididae of Minnesota; 
 Dabcratory Guide in Entomology; Papers before the Minnesota 
 Academy of science and in Entomological News. Eurena, P. O., 
 Lake M'innetonka.
 
 158 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 OGDEN, Benjamin Harvey — Born February 11, ISCO. Three 
 Rivers, Mich. A. B., Carleton, 1881; M. D., Hannemann, Philadel- 
 phia, 1885; A. M., Carleton, 1886. Principal of high school, 1881-82. 
 Professor of obstetrics, college of homeopathic medicine and sur- 
 gery, since 188S. Author of various articles written for various 
 medical societies and joarnals. On the surgical and gynecological 
 staff of Se. Joseph's, St. Luke's and City and County hospitals 
 of St. Paul. Pittsburg building, St. Paul. 
 
 OHAGE, Justus — Professor of clinical surgery, 1897 to date. 59 
 Irvine Park, St. Paul. 
 
 OLD Days at Minnesota — By Professors John S. Clark and Johii 
 C. Hutchinson, Gopher of 1208, pp. a2-;^5. 
 
 OLDEST Graduate — The first class to graduate was that of 1873, 
 which consisted of two members, bot.h of whom- are living. War- 
 ren Clark Eustis, a physician living at Owatonna, Minn., and 
 Henry Martyn Williamson, editor and publisher of the Oregon 
 Agriculturist, of Portland, Ore. 
 
 OLD MAIN, The — R. S. Alden, architect. Contract let for west 
 wing, August 9. 1856, to Alden, Cutler & Hall, for $49,600. No 
 money in sight for paying for this building, but public opinion de- 
 manded it and with property advancing as it was at that time the 
 regents figured that they could pay for the building by mortgaging 
 the campus for $i;5,0O0; notes from sale of stumpage, ?20,000; salt 
 
 Old Main. 
 
 of old buildings, $2,500; bonds authorized by the legislature, $10,000, 
 making n total of $57,500, to meet a certain indebtedness of $01,000 
 — Contract price for building and bonds secured on campus, $15,00'0. 
 Making the liabilities $7,100 in excess of assets. The terrible 
 panic of 3 857 came on, land values fell off, the Rum River, along 
 which the lumber for which stumpage notes were held by the re-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 IS9 
 
 gents, was located, dried up and that source of revenue was cut off. 
 The legislature of iSoS authorized the issuing of bonds for $40,000, 
 secured on lands in Pine, Mille Lacs, and Sherburne counties, of 
 the congressional grant. Only $34,200 was realized from this sale 
 as the interest on the bonds, $5,800, had to be paid in advance. 
 In ISGO, the legislature wiped the old organization oft the slate and 
 appointed three regents, Messrs. Pillsbury, Merriman, and 
 Nichols, with power to settle the debts of the institution, which 
 the amounted to over $72,000, bearing interest at 12 per cent, 
 By 1S64, this board wass able to report the debts cleared off and 
 a small surplus on hand. The building and campus, had thus 
 cost the Slate, in round figures, $12i5,00O. The building was com- 
 pleted, the east end remaining in rough, unfinished state and the 
 whole wing falling into general disrepair, until 1867, when the 
 legislature voted $15,000 for repairs. This was the first direct ap- 
 propriation ever made for the University by the legislature. The 
 main portion of the building was built from an appropriation of 
 $37,500, made in 1872, and was finished so that the main hall was 
 occupied for commencement in June, 1875. A portion of the west 
 wing was destroyed by fire in 1891; the top floor of the main por- 
 tion of tlie building was burned in 1892; the building was totally 
 destroyed by fire September 24, 1904. 
 
 OLD UNIVERSITY FARM— See Experimental Farm. 
 
 OLIVER, E. C. — Instructor in machine design, 1902-06. 
 
 OLSEN, John W., St. Paul — Regent ex-ofHcio, state superinten- 
 dent of public instruction January 25, 1901-09. Born at Copen- 
 hagen, r-enmark, April 23, 1864; came to America in 1871; Albert 
 Lea high school; Valparaiso, Ind., College, B. .S., 1887; taught 
 country schools and was principal of village school to 1890; county 
 superintendent, Freeborn county, 1891-01; state superintendent, 
 1901 to date. 706 RobertL^ street, St. Paul. 
 
 OMEGA PS! — An inter-sorority which was organized in , 
 
 but which has ceased to exist. 
 
 ONE- MILE Liquor Law, The — A state law provides that "it 
 shall be imlawful for any person to sell or dispose of any spirit- 
 uous, vinous, or malt liquors within the distance of one mile of 
 the Main Building of the University of Minnesota, as now lo- 
 cated in the city of M'iiineapolis; provided, that the provisions of 
 this section shall not apply to that part of the city of Minneapolis 
 lying on the west side of the Mississippi river." 
 
 ORATIONS — A book of 152 pages published by Johnson Broth- 
 ers and Ames, in 1886. It contains a complete file of all orations 
 delivered at the Minnesota inter-collegiate oratorical 'Contestt, 
 from the beginning ISSl to 18S0. Bound in red cloth. 
 
 ORATORICAL Association, The — This association was organized 
 in ISSO. 
 
 ORATORY — The University oratorical association was oiganized 
 in 1880, for the purpose of fostering the spirit of oratory in the 
 L'^ni^■erslly and for holding contests to choose representatives to 
 compete in the state league which held an annual contest for the 
 purpose of selecting a representative to represent Minnesota in 
 the inter-state contest held each year. The state league was made 
 up of the University and Carleton, and later, in 1883, Hamline 
 came into the league. At first Minnesota was represented by 
 - three orators in the state league, but with the coming of Hamline, 
 the number was reduced to two. In 1881, Owen Morris, a Carleton 
 man, won first place and the honor of representing the state, 
 though Minnesota representatives won second, third and fourth
 
 l6o DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 places, C. M. Webster, W. W. Clark and F. B. Snyder, coming in 
 the order mentioned. In 1882, Minnesota won first, fourth and fifth 
 places, her representatives being- W. W. Clark, S. L. Trussoll and 
 J. C. Wilson, coming in the order named. In 18S3, Minnesota won 
 first and second places, F. N. Stacy, then a freshman, and S. I>. 
 Catherwood, coming in the order mentioned. In 1884, the same 
 result was secured and the University was represented by John W. 
 Bennett and James Uray, in the order mentioned. In 1885, Carle- 
 ton college dropped out of the league and Minnegola took second, 
 third and fourth places, being represented by F. N. Stacy, T. E. 
 Trussell, and E. R. McKinney. In 1886, the University took first, 
 second and sixth places and was represented by N. M. Cross, F. 
 N. Stacy, and G. E. Burnell. In 18S7, the University was repre- 
 sented by A. B. Gould. J. I). Hinshaw and Edward Winterer, and 
 won first and second places. In 1888, the University was repre- 
 sented by J. E. Erf and P. R. Benson, who won second and third 
 places respectively. Macalester was, at this time, admitted into 
 the league, and signalized her entrance by carrying off first honors. 
 In 1SS9, Minnesota was represented by H. D. Dickinson and T. G. 
 Scares, who won first and second places respectively. In 1890, 
 the University was represented by B. H. Timberlake and H. P. 
 Bailey, who won first and second places respectively. In 1891, 
 Minnesota was r-^preserited by B. H. Timberlake and T. G. Scares, 
 who won second and third places. In 1892, the University was 
 represented by P. J. Neff and C. S. Pattee, who won second and 
 third places. In 1893, by C. S. Pattee and W. A. Smith, and took 
 first and third places. In 1894, by Laura Fi^ankenfield and J. G. 
 Briggs, Mr. Briggs took second and Miss Frankenfield fourth 
 place. In 1895, Minnesota was represented by Clair E. Ames and 
 Arthur L. Helliwell, Mr. Helliwell received second place and Mr. 
 Ames fourth. In 1896, Minnesota was represented by A. Eliason 
 and W. Pendergast. who tooiv first and second places. In 1897, the 
 University was represented by Booth and Savage. Mr. Booth, won 
 first and Mr. Savage third place. In 1898, by E. A. Slocum and F. 
 E. Force, who took third and fourth places. In 1899, for the first 
 time, tlie winner of first place in the Pillsbury contest, was sent 
 to represent the University in the Northern Oratorical League 
 oontest £.nd the v/inners of second and third places represented the 
 University in the state contest; Joseph W. Beach, won first place 
 and A. J. Finch and F. G. Sasse, second and thiid and so repre- 
 sented Minnesota in the state contest, winning second and sixth 
 places. In 190O, W. M. Jerome won first place in the Pillsbury con- 
 test and represented the state in the N. O. L. contest, while 11. G. 
 Spaulding and W. R. Hubbard, won second and third and repre- 
 sentee the L'niversity in the state contest, where they won second 
 and third honors. In 1901, T. D. Schall, won first and went to 
 the N. O. L. contest as Minnesota's representative, and R. L. 
 Dillman and O. A. Lende, represented the University in the state 
 contest. Lende got fourth place and Dillman was debarred on a 
 technicality. In 1D02, T. D. Schall, won first in the Pillsbury and 
 first in the N. O. L., J. A. Layne and J. G. Steenson, winning 
 second ''nd third in the Pillsbury contest. Minnesota, at the 
 time dropped out of the old state league and as a consequence 
 out of the old inter-state league. 
 
 In 19C3, George P. Jones, won first, with J. A. Layne, second 
 and Jesse G. Steenson, third. Mr. Jones won third in the inter- 
 state. In 1P04, G. P. Jones, again won first, and won first also 
 in the Northern Oratorical League contest. A. J. Bushfield and 
 W. I. Norton followed in the order mentioned. In 1905, Theodore 
 Christianson, won first and Fanny Fligelman and H. L. Brock-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. i6l 
 
 way cam( iti tho order mentioneu. la 190fl, Lucile Way won first 
 and was followed by O. B. Flinders and Fanny Fligelman. In 
 1907, Vi\ian Colgrove won first and Louis Schwartz and Algernon 
 Colhurn followed, in that order. 
 
 ORE-TESTING WORKS — This building is located on the bank 
 of the Mississippi, and was erected in 1894, at a cost of JS,^^. 
 $4,100 of this sum was provided by the state and $3,900 by pri- 
 vate subscription of citizens of Minneapolis. It is constructed of 
 white brick and limestone and is 94 x 66 feet. The building pro- 
 viJes quaiters for the work indicated by its name, and contains 
 the machinery used for such purposes. 
 
 ORGANIZATION Of the University — The plan of organization 
 adopted by the regents, to carry out the provisions of the charter 
 of the University, was mainly the creation of President I-'olwell. 
 The plan is showa: by the following diagram: 
 
 Collegiate 
 
 Third. t 
 
 Sci. Lit. and Arts. 
 Cl;;.>^h. *■ Junior; Senior. 
 
 Hemarks.- — 1. The collegiate department, receiving llie student 
 from tho Latin school or from the public high school, brings him. 
 In the course of four years, to the end of the second (commonly 
 called th>?i Sophomore) year of the ordinary college course. At this 
 point he has his option, whether, equipped with the fair prepara- 
 tion for ?pecial studies accjuir«d in the collegiate department, to 
 enter at once some one of the professional schools as they may 
 hereafter be established, or to proceed with higher academic 
 studies, cla.ssical, scientific or literary, in the "college of science, 
 literature and the arts," witli a view to securing the best and full- 
 est .preparation for professional or technical studies. The courses 
 of study offered in this college cover, at present, a period of two 
 years (Junior and Senior), and lead to baccalaureate degrees. 
 
 2. It is a part cf the plan, of organization that the studies, not 
 only of the Latin scho'->l, but also of the collegiate department, 
 shall be dropped off as fast as the high schools can take the work. 
 The University begins wherever they leave off. It is hoped that 
 not very many years may pass befora the whole work of the col- 
 legiate department will have been assumed by those schools. 
 
 Actual courses were organized and instruction was offered in a 
 so-called collegiate department, l>eing the department of elemen- 
 tary instruction called for by the charter of the University; a col- 
 lege of science, literature and the arts; a college of agriculture, 
 which offered work in both elementary and college grade, and plans 
 were formed for offering a "special course of winter instruction;" 
 a college of engineering offori>:g courses in civil and mechanical 
 engineering and architecture. 
 
 The Latin rehool was dropped at the end of the college year, 
 
 1873-74, leaving but two years of preparatory work, as the Univer-
 
 1 62 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 sity now counts college work. The work of the "fourth/' or sub-sub- 
 freshman class, was dropped at the end of t'he college year, 1875-76. 
 The subfreshman class was not dropped until the close of the col- 
 lege year, 1SS9-90. 
 
 The revised plan of organization which was adopted July, 1871, 
 may be found in the University catalogue of 187 1 -To, page S3. 
 
 ORMOND, Alexander T. — Professor of mental and moral philo- 
 sophy and history, lSSO-83. Now professor of philosophy in Prince- 
 ton university, a position he has held since leaving the University. 
 ORTON, Forest Hoy — Instructor in treatment of cleft palate, 
 1891-93. 
 
 OSWALD, W. L.— Born September 20, 1879, Lancaster, Wis. 
 Lancaster high school; Milwaukee normal and special work in the 
 University of Wisconsin. Four years in the high school at Grand 
 Rapids, Mich. Instructor in botany in the school of agriculture, 
 1904 to date. St. Anthony Park, Minn. 
 
 OWEN, Sidney M., Minneapolis — Appointed regent April 28, 
 1892; re-appointed in 1895 and serving until March, 1901. Reap- 
 pointed March, 1907, term expii-es 1913; editor of the agricultural 
 paper. The Farm, Stock and Home. 
 
 OWRE, Alfred — Born in Norway, December 16, 1870. Gradu- 
 ate in dentistry, University, 1894; M. D., Hamline, '95. Student 
 assistant in dental college, 1893-94; assistant in operative technics, 
 1894-96; instructor in metallurgy, 1896-97; instructor in operative 
 dentistry, 1897-98; professor, same, 1900 to 1905; dean of the col- 
 lege, 1905 to date. Contributor in dental journals; chapter of Fil- 
 ling IMaterials and Insertion, in new text book in preparation. 
 Member Twin City academy of dentistry; Twin City dental club; 
 Minnesota state dental association; President, same, in 1902; Na- 
 tional dental association; vice-president, same, 1907; Life member 
 Asiatic society of Japan; same of Japan society of London; Cor- 
 responding honorary member of the Norwegian dental association 
 of Norway. 1700 Portland avenue. 
 
 PAIGE, James. — Born November 22, 1863, Minneapolis. Phillips 
 Academy, Andover, 1883; Princeton, A. B., 1887; A. M., 1888; 
 LL.B., University, 1890; LL.M., 1893. Instructor in college of law, 
 1891 to 1896; professor in same, since 1896. Author of Selected 
 Cases in Torts; Commercial Law; Commercial Paper; Agency; 
 Partnership; and Domestic Relations; Published lectures on fore- 
 going topics. 1414 Yale Place. 
 
 PALACE CLOTHING HOUSE PRIZE FOR DEBATE— The 
 Manager of the Palace Clothing House, Mr. Maurice L. Roths- 
 child, has. given $100 to be used by the debating board to encour- 
 age debate. Just how this is to be used has not yet been deter- 
 mined. 
 
 PARKER, Edward Cary— Born August 4, ISSil. St. Paul. St. 
 Paul Central high school, 1899; school of agriculture, 1904; B. S. 
 Ag., 1905. Two years' experience in instruction to freshmen in 
 instructor for short course students in corn and grain judging; 
 school of agriculture, in elementary agriculture, soil management, 
 tillage, etc.; also instructor in portions of field crops to juniors; 
 college students in agricultural economics; two years in seed 
 prain lecturing; special agent of the U. S. Department of agri- 
 culture, bureau of statistics, five years. Main work has been 
 • along the line of seed breeding, experimental, and agricultural 
 statistics. Student assistant in agriculture, 190O to 1905; assist- 
 ant agriculturist, 1905 to date. Author of Bulletin number 97, 
 with W. M'. Hays; Press bulletin number 24, with Andrew Boss, 
 article in Review of Reviewts, January 1906; article on wheat pro-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 163 
 
 (luction, in hands of Century Magazine, at present time. 1272 
 County road, St. Anthony Park. 
 
 PARKIN, Arthur W.— Born September 18th, 1871, Pine Island, 
 Minn. Public scnool training; Dairy School, Madison, Wis. Thir- 
 teen years practical experience as a butter maker. Instructor in 
 cheese-making in Dairy School since 1902. Appointed, June 1906, 
 "n'ith State Dairy and Food Depai'tment as cheese instructor and 
 inspector. Cannoa Falls, Minn. 
 
 PARSONS, Arthur L. — Instructor in mineralogy, 1903-OC. Now 
 in the corresponding department of the University of Montreal. 
 
 PASTEUR INSTITUTE — This institute was opened at the 
 medical department of the University in August 1907. This insti- 
 tute was authorized by the legislature of 1907 and its services are 
 free to all residents of the state of Minnesota. It is operated in 
 connection with the department of pathology of the University 
 medical department and is under the direct charge of Dr. Orian- 
 na McDaniei. 
 
 PATTEE, The — A law literary society. 
 
 PATTEE, William S.— Born September 19th, 1846, Jackson, 
 Maine. Graduata of Bowdoin College, Brunswick, M'e., 1871.; M. 
 A., 1874; LL.D., Iowa, 1894. Taught Greek in Lake Forest Uni- 
 versity, 111., J 872-74; public schools of Northfield, 1874-7S; practiced 
 law from 1878 to 18S8; member state legislature, 1SS4-85. Profes- 
 sor of law and dean of the college from September 11th, 1888 to 
 date. Author of many legal works, including Contracts; Real 
 Property; Personal Property; and Equity. Delegate to the Uni- 
 versal Congress of Lawyers and Jurists. St. Louis, 1904. Alpha 
 Delta Phi, ini9 Fifth street southeast. 
 
 PEABODY, Eunice D.— Born November 25th, 18G8, Alden, Wis. 
 St. Mary's Hall. Faribault, 1SS8; Teachers' Training School, St. 
 Paul. 1889; B. A., University, 1904; M. A., 1905. Taught in ele- 
 mentary schools for ten years; assistant in psychology, University, 
 1905 to 1007. Now teaching in St. Paul city schools. 272 Prescott 
 street, St. Paul. 
 
 PEASE, Levi B. — Instructor in assaying, 1902-OG; assistant 
 professor of metallurgy, 1906 to date. 
 
 PEAVEY PRIZE, THE— Mrs. Heffelfinger continues the prize 
 of JlOO, established by her father, the late Frank H. Peavey. 
 This prize consists of $75 for the members of the team winning 
 the freshman-sophomore debate. See Peavey-Dunwoody prize. 
 
 In 1901, the debate prizes were won by Benj. Drake, Jr., J. B. 
 Ladd and John Thelen, while the prize for oratory went to J. A. 
 Layne. In 1902, the freshman te.^m, J. P. Devaney, R, Weiskopf, 
 L. H. Joss won the debate and George Ward, the prize for ora- 
 tory. In igo."}, E. C. O'Brien, R. H. Pratt and J. P. Devaney, 
 sophomores, won the debate prize and Robert Weiskopf the prize 
 for oratory. In 1904. A. E. Arntson, Kenneth McManigal and W. 
 L. Badger, won the prize for debate. In 1906, the prize for de- 
 bate went to A. Evans. M. Doherty and H. Deering. In 1907. the 
 debate prize went to Ray Chamberlain. Harold Knopp and Zenas 
 Potter. The second debate of 1907, coming in the next college 
 year, was won by the sophomores, who were represented by L. F. 
 Prigge, C. Arthur Carlson and H. B. Duff. 
 
 PEAVEY-DUNWOODY PRIZES IN ORATORY— Mrs. Heffel- 
 finger, daughter of the late Mr. Peavey, gives $100 annually in 
 prizes, $75 of which is used for the Peavey freshman-sophomore 
 debate and $23 is combined with $25 given by Mr. Dunwoody for
 
 l64 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 the spnior debate, and the $50 is offered hi three prizes to winners 
 of the freshman-sopliomore oratorical contest. Tlie prizes are di- 
 vided into $?5. $15, $1'0. In 1904, inioodore Christianson, Magnus 
 Aygarn and L. A. Hamlin were the winners. In 1906, Zenas Pot- 
 ter. Harold Deering- and A. Evans won. In 1907, Sigurd Peterson, 
 Max Lowenthal and Ztnas L/. Potter won. 
 
 PECK, A. E. L. — Instructor in crown and bridge worlc, 1890-91. 
 
 PECK, Louis W. — Instructor in physics and drawing, 1874-7i. 
 Assistant professor in charge of pliysics, 1878-79. 
 
 PECK, Mary Grey. — Born October 21, 1867, Seneca Castle, N. T. 
 B. A., Elmira; graduate worlv at the University; graduate work 
 at University of Cambridge, England. Taught English in private 
 and public schools. Instructor in English, University, 1901 to 1907; 
 assistant professor, 19'37' to date. Author of Gerrnelshausen (in 
 collaboration with Professors Potter and Schlenker). 
 
 PECKHAM, Stephen F. — Professor of chemistry and physics, 
 
 1874-1880. 
 
 PEEBLES, Thomas — Born in Ireland in 1857. After acquiring 
 the best education the common schools of his native land could 
 give, he came to the United States. After a few- terms of further 
 preparatory study in this country, he enrolled at Princeton college, 
 in 3 879. Here ho early distinguished himself as a student, espe- 
 cially in metaphysics and psychology. He was under the direct 
 instruction of the celebrated Dr. McCosh, and, on account of his 
 marked ability in his favorite studies enjoyed his warm personal 
 friendship. From Princeton he graduated with highest honors, 
 and after spending one year in the employ of the Steel Works 
 Company at Pittsburg he came to the University in 1883, as in- 
 structor in mental and moral philosophy. He resigned his posi- 
 tion in ISSS for the practice of law. Now engaged in business in 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 PENDERGAST HALL.— Erected in 1889 at a cost of $2i5,O00', is 
 a large, four-sto/y brick building a4x54 feet. It contains Y. M. C. 
 A. room, small recitation room, and dormitory facilities for nine- 
 ty stud.:>nts attending the school of agriculture. 
 
 PENDERGAST, Sophie M.— Instructor in English, school of ag- 
 riculture, 1899-01. 
 
 PENDERGAST, W. W., Hutchinson— Regent ex-ofRcio, state 
 superintendent of public in.struction, September 1st, 1893-January 
 21, 1899. Born in 1833 at Durham, N. H. Prepared at Phillips 
 Exeter, and in 3 850 entered Bowdoin. Came to Minnesota in 18.56 
 and taught school. Appointed clerk in the state department of 
 public instruction in 1832, and principal of school of agriculture 
 m lSSS-1893. State superintendent of public instruction, 1893-1899. 
 
 PENDERGAST, Warren W., jr.— Superintendent of the sub- 
 station at Grand Rapid-:, 1C96-97. Died August 26, 1897. 
 
 PENNY, Lincoln E. — Professor (homeopathic) of skin and gen- 
 ito-urinary diseases, 1834-9i5. 
 
 PENSIONS FOR TEACH ERS— Address by Professor John H. 
 Gray, delivered before the Faculty Dining Club, Novemiber 30th, 
 1907. at the St. Anthony Commercial Club rooms. Printed in full 
 in the Minnesota Alumni Weekly of December 2'3d, 1907. 
 
 PERRY, Ralph E. St. John — Lecturer (homeopathic) on skin 
 and i,MMiilo-:ii-jnai,v diseases, 1902-03. 
 
 PETERSON. Peter — Instructor in foundiy practice, 1906 to 
 date. 710 Nineteenth avenue south.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 165 
 
 PFAENDER, Albert— Instructor in German, 1S97-9S. Graduate 
 the University class of 1897. Law student 1897-98. Now practic- 
 injr attorney at New Ulm, Minii. 
 
 PHARMACY, COLLEGE OF, The.— This college was created 
 and made one of the colleges of the department of medicine, in 
 18['2. Frederick J. AVuliing, Ph. G., was made dean soon after 
 the creation of ihe college. The entrance requirement of this 
 college includes English, algebra, physics and Latin, being about 
 the equi\'alent of half of a high school course. The course is ar- 
 ranged -io that it can be pursued as a two- or a three-year course, 
 to suit the desiie of the student. The work of the college is 
 largely laboratory and practical work and the standard main- 
 tained by the college is in all respects equal to that which is ad- 
 vised by the throe most representative pharmaceutical associa- 
 tions in the land. The college is resident in the Laboratory of 
 Medical Sciences and its equipment is up to the standard. The 
 fee for the course $1(55, which is divided so as to be paid in three 
 or two installments, according as the work is taken in three or 
 two years. The state board of pharmacy meets at the college 
 four times each year, to examine candidates for registration as 
 ph.'irmaeists. Graduates of this college ai-e admitted to state 
 board examinations, wherever standards of efliciency have been 
 established, and ics diploma is recognized in all other states as 
 well. The degree granted by this college is bachelor of phar- 
 macv and graduate work is offered leading to the degrees master 
 of pharmacy and doctor of pharmacy, the first requiring one and 
 the st>cond," two years of gi-adaate work. When the college was 
 first organized the degree granted was that of doctor of phar- 
 macy, and sixty-nine men and six women, in all seventy-five, were 
 granted this degree. In 1900 the degree was changed to pharma- 
 ceutical chemist, and one hundred six men and fifteen women 
 have been granted this degiec. There have been two graduates 
 receiving the master's degr.;e. The faculty includes six professors, 
 two assistant professors, eleven instructors and assistants. The 
 enrollment for 1906-07. was 76. 
 
 In accordance with recent action of the faculty, approved by 
 the !x)ard of regents, .students entering this college on and after 
 1909 will be required to possess a full high school training. The 
 digree of b.ichelor of science, in pharmacy will be granted to stu- 
 dents who have had two years of college work and who complete 
 the required work for the pharmacy degree. No one will be al- 
 lowed to become a candidate for the degree of master of phar- 
 macy who does not possess the degree of bachelor of science, in 
 pharmacy, and no one will be allowed to become a candidate for 
 the dog) ee of doctor of pharmacy who has not received the de- 
 gree master of pharmacy. 
 
 PHELAN, Raymond Vincent.— Born December 7th, 1877. Cleve- 
 land, Oh;o. Public schools of Cleveland: Ph. B., Western Reserve, 
 1902: M. A., same, 1904; Ph. 1)., Wisconsin, 190U; graduate work in 
 economics, Wisconsin, and University fellow in same, Wisconsin. 
 Private tutor in Cleveland, Ohio, 1902-04; substitute work in 
 University of Wisconsin, 1906; assistant professor of economics 
 and sociology, Miami University, 190fi-O7; instructor in economics. 
 University, 1907 to date. Autlior of the Financial History of ^Vis- 
 consin; Elastic Currency; Centralized Tax Administration; various 
 articles upon political equality; book reviews upon political and 
 social science; in preparation, a Labor History of Minnesota. Of- 
 ficial representative of the University at the National Conference 
 on Taxation held in Columbus, Ohio, November 1907. Member of
 
 1 66 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 the American Economic Association; American Association for 
 Labor Legislation; American Statistical Association; Minnesota 
 Academy of Social Sciences. 
 
 PHELPS, A. G. — Assistant in (homeopathic) clinical medicine 
 and physical diagnosis, 1903 to date. 118 Minnehaha Parkway. 
 
 PHI BETA KAPPA — An honorary society whose members are 
 elected from the senior class who have shown special attainments 
 in scholarship and general culture. The National society w^as 
 founded December 5th, 177G. The Minnesota Alpha Chapter was 
 established Decem'ber 13th, 1892. 
 
 PHI BETA PI — ^Xi cnapter established in 1903. Medical fra- 
 ternity. 611 Thirteenth avenue southeast. 
 
 PHI CHI — Pharmacy fraternity. Theta chapter established in 
 1904. Founded at Michigan 18S3. 
 
 PHI DELTA PHI — Law fraternity. Dillon chapter established 
 in 1891. Founded at Michigan 1864. 
 
 PHI DELTA THETA — The second fraternity to be established 
 at the University. The Minnesota chapter established in 1881, 
 the national chapter at Miami University in 1848. 1013 Univer- 
 sity avenue southeast. 
 
 PHI GAMMA DELTA— Mu Sigma chapter established in 1890. 
 Founded at Jefferson college in 1848. 1110 6th street southeast. 
 
 PHI KAPPA PS! — Minnesota Beta chapter established in 1888. 
 Founded at Jefferson college in 1852. Chapter house at 1611 Uni- 
 versity avenue southeast. 
 
 PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY, THE— This society is organized to 
 promote philological investigation and study. 
 
 PHILOSOPHICAL CLUB — Meets bi-weekly in the evening dur- 
 ing the winter months to read and discuss contemporary philo- 
 sophical literature. The membership consists of the professors, 
 instructors, and qualified students of the department. 
 
 PHI RHO SIGMA — Tau chapter established in 1903. Medical 
 fraternity. 728 Thirteenth avenue soutiieast. 
 
 PHYSICAL COLLOQUIUM, THE — Composed of instructors 
 and graduate students of the department of physics, and meets 
 regularly for the discussion of recent investigations in physical 
 science. 
 
 PHYSICS Building— This building cost $55,600.00. This was 
 provided by two appropriations, one of $25,000 in 1899, and one of 
 $50,000, in 1901, the balance of the appropriation went into equip- 
 ment. The building is practically fire proof and is two stories 
 high, with high basement. It is built of light tinted brick and is 
 68x115 feet. It provides 23,500 square feet of floor space for the 
 department of physics to whose use it is wholly devoted. The 
 basement contains laboratories for advanced research work, 
 dark room for research work in optics, rooms and apparatus for 
 the production of liquid air, a constant temperature room, battery 
 room, students' work shop and mechanical room, precision room, 
 an electric standard room and janitor and toilet rooms. The first 
 floor is provided with oihce rooms with fire proof vaults attached, 
 two recitation rooms 28x34 feet, private laboratory and physics li- 
 brary room, private research laboratories, general physics labora- 
 tory with attached store room and balance room. The second floor 
 contains laboratories for research, chemistry, for under-graduate 
 work in electricity, dark room, apparatus room and preparation 
 room, store room and lecture room, 38x58 equipped with 310 desk 
 arm seats.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MDSfNBSOTA. 167 
 
 PI BETA NU — An honorary society founded by the seniors of 
 the class of 18SS, wliose object was to promote the study of sci- 
 ence, literature and the arts and to mark distinguished merit in 
 thu faithful performance of duties at the University of Minnesota. 
 The founders were Helmus "VVells Thompson, Albert Graber, Wil- 
 liam Dodsworth Willard, Albert Ames Finch, and Ulysses Sherman 
 Grant. The membership was not based wholly on marks but lists 
 of men recommended by the various departments of the Univer- 
 sity, submitted lists of the men they considered the strongest in 
 the junior class, these were arranged in order of designated pref- 
 erence and the first ten chosen as a tentative list, and the out- 
 going members elected live from this list, to constitute the society 
 for the following year. This society continued in existence until 
 the establishment of Phi Beta Kappa, a national society of sim- 
 ilar aim.s and ends, December 13, 1892. 
 
 PI BETA PHI— Alpha chapter established in 1890, re-estab- 
 lished in 1906. Founded at Monmouth college in 1867. 313 Six- 
 teenth avenue southeast. 
 
 PIERCE, Ernest Boynton— Born August 20, 1879, St. Paul. St. 
 Paul, mechanic arts high school, 1897; Mankato normal, 1898; 
 B. A., University, 1904. Taught district school one year; graded 
 school one year; Mankato high school, one year. Assistant reg- 
 istrar, 1901-05; registrar, 1905 to date. 132 Orlin avenue south- 
 east. 
 
 PIERCE, Judge James O. — Lecturer on the law of domestic re- 
 lations, 1888-89, lecturer on constitutional and statutory law, 1889- 
 92. From 1892, to date of his death, 1907, Judge Pferce was lec- 
 turer on constitutional jurisprudence and history. Judge Pierce 
 was a prolific contributor to legal and semi-legal periodicals and 
 the author of Studies in Constitutional History. He was at one 
 time judge of the Circuit court of Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 PIKE. Joseph Brown— Born 1866, Chicago, 111. St. Paul high 
 school, 1886; B. A., University, 1890; M. A., '92; Fellow in classics, 
 University, 1891; student in France and Italy, 1893. Instructor in 
 Latin, University, 1892-93; same, Latin. Fi-ench and Greek, 1893- 
 94; assistant professor of Latin, 1896-99; professor of Latin, 1899 
 to date. Taught at the University of Iowa, summer session of 
 190'5-06. Author of Lives of Suetonius; Articles on Teaching of 
 Latin, in Proceedings of M. E. A. Phi Beta Kappa; Psi Upsilon; 
 member of the Classical association of the middle west and south. 
 525 Tenth .aveniie southeast 
 
 PIKE, Jay N. — Born October 1, 1876, Lake City, Minn. Uni- 
 versity college of engineering, Massachusetts institute of technolo- 
 gy; liental college. University, 1903. Demonstrator in operative 
 dentistry, 1903-05; instructor in prosthetic dentistry, and dental 
 anatomy, 1906 to date. Active practice in dentistry. 409 Masonic 
 Temple. 
 
 PIKE, William A. — Born in Dorchester, Mass. He was the son 
 of the Rev. Richard Pike, a Unitarian minister. He received his 
 early education in the public schools of Dorchester, and fi-tted for 
 the Massachusetts institute of technology. He entered the Massa- 
 chusetts institute of technology when barely sixteen years of age, 
 from which institution he graduated in 1871. During his last year 
 as a student he was principal of the first free evening drawing 
 school established by the city of Boston; in which, machine, archi- 
 tectural, ship and free-hand drawing were taught. He was also 
 student-instructor in civil engineering.
 
 1 68 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNKSOTA. 169 
 
 Immediately after graduation he was engaged to take cliarge 
 of the survey of tlie Beech Ba> improvements in Boston, in which 
 work he was engaged until August of the same year when he 
 was elected profc-ssor of civil engineering in the Maine state col- 
 lege, being, it is claimed at that time the youngest professor in 
 the United States. This position he held until August, 1S80, when 
 he was elected professor of engineering, in charge of physics, in 
 the Unisersity. Professor Pike was immedia,tely made secretary of 
 the faculty of that college of engineering, a position which he 
 held until he was made director of the college in 188G. In 1890, 
 Professor Pike was made dean of the college taut he resigned a 
 year later, 1891, to go into business. Mr. Pike continued, as a 
 lecturer in the college for a year, se^■ering all connection witli the 
 inr.tituition in 18b2. 
 
 PILLSBURY HALL — So named in honor of its donor. Governor 
 John S. Pillsbury, who erected the building in 1889, at a cost of 
 $i31,0'00.00, and presented it to the state. The building is two 
 hundred forty-five feet long and is constructed of sandstone, the 
 basement of red and the upper stories of white with an occasional 
 red stone mixed in. The building is a two story and high base- 
 ment building. It provides quarters for the departments of animal 
 biology, botany, geology, mineralogy and paleontology. The Uni- 
 versity museums are also located in this building. 
 
 PILLSBURY, John Sargent— Regent November 18G3-March 4, 
 1864: JMareh 4, 1 SG4-FelH-uary 18, 1808; March 2, 1868-January 7, 
 1870, when he became regent as Governor of the state, continu- 
 ing to hold office by virtue of his being Governor until January 
 10, 1882; appointed Februry 1, 1882 and re-appointed regularly until 
 March 27. 1896, when he was made regen,t for life, holding the 
 office Mrtil the day of his death, October 18, 1901. 
 
 Governor Pillsbury, "Father of the University"' was borji 
 July 29, 1828. He came to Minnesota in 18&5. Was married to 
 Mahala Fisk, November, 1856. He was engaged in the hardware 
 business from date of coming to Minneapolis to 1875, when he sold 
 that bu.siness to devote himself mainly to milling business. He 
 was a member of the city council for six years. Elected to the 
 state senate in 18U3 and served continuously for ten years. Elected 
 governor in 1875, again in 1877 and 1879. He gave the University 
 the magnificent science building, which is known by his name, in 
 1889. In 1892 he presented his native town with a flne citj- haJl 
 in memory of his father and mother. In 1898, in conjunction with 
 his wife, he established an endowment fund of $100,000, for the 
 erection of a honie for children and aged women. In same way 
 he erected a home for worlcing ^v■omen, in 1900, at a cost of ;2-j,000. 
 In 1901 he gave the city of Minneapolis a fine library building, 
 erected at a cost of $75,000, known as the Pillsbury branch of the 
 uublic library. Pillsbury statute was erected in his honor and 
 dedicated in September, 1900. 
 
 As it would be impossible to give here full inforn-.ation con- 
 cerning Go\-ernor Pillsbury's services to the University the follow- 
 ing references are given to inaterial easily available to anyone 
 interested. The Minnesota Alumni Weekly of October 21. 1901; 
 also June 5, 1902. Pamphlet containing full repoi-t of the exer- 
 cises of the memorial services held at Commencement of 1902. 
 For the story of his early connection with the I'niversity see pam- 
 phlet containing speech of Governor Pillsbury at the Alumni ban- 
 quet h.'ld at tlie West liotel. June 1. 1893. 
 
 PILLSBURY MEMORIAL FENCE— This fence which extends 
 along University avenue from 14th to 17th avenues was erected in 
 the summer of 1902 by Mrs. Sarah Pillsbury Gale, 1888. in mem-
 
 170 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 ory of her father, John S. Pillsbury. The fence is of stone and iron 
 anc! ornamental design. The main gateway at 14th avenue en- 
 trance is shown In the accompanying cut. 
 
 PILLSBURY STATUE— Dedicated September 12, 190O. This 
 statue was erected by alumni and friends of the University and 
 by the alumni presented to the University, as a token of honor 
 and appreciation of the services of Governor Pillsbury to the Uni- 
 versity. The committee which had the raising of the funds in 
 
 Pillsbury Statue. 
 
 charge, consisted of tlie following named gentlemen: Edward C. 
 Chatfield, 1874, George H. Partridge, 1S79, James A. Quinn, Ex-'T6. 
 and IjOuIs S. Gillette, 1S76. The statue is of bronze, heroic size, 
 mounted on a pedestal of granite. The sculptor, Daniel C French, 
 is recognized as one of the foremost sculptors of his day, and this 
 creation is one of his masterpieces. For fuller information, see 
 pamphlet. "The unveiling of the statue of John S. Pillsbury." 
 
 PILLSBURY PRIZE, The— Three prizes of $100, $50 and $25 
 are offered by the heirs of the Honorable .lohn S. Pillsbury award- 
 ed for the best work in the department of rhetoric, as evidenced 
 finally by an oration in public. These prizes were established in 
 1888. The first contest, however, appears to have been held June 
 6, 1889, and T. G. Soares, O. L. Triggs, and Henry Johnson were 
 the winners. June 2, 1S90, T. G. Soares, B. H. Timberlake and 
 M. D. Purdy were the winners. June 1, 1891, M. D. Purdy, P. J. 
 Neff and J. O. Jorgens were the winners. May 29, 1892, W. A. 
 Smith, C. S. Pattee and Albert D. McNair were the winners and 
 were also by virtue of having won .this contest made the Uni- 
 versity representatives in the state contest. This plan was fol- 
 lowed until Minnesota dropped out of the state contests in 1900. 
 In 189.3, Estelle Sins'heimer and Arthur L. Helliwell won. 
 March 15, 1894, John G. Briggs, Laura Frankenfleld and William
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNE^SOTA. 
 
 171 
 
 A. Smith, won. In 1893, Clair E. Ames, Arthur L. Helliwell and 
 James Steenson were the winners. ATarch 14, 1896, A. O. Eliason, 
 W". W. Pendergast were the winners. In 1897, L. T. Savage, L. N. 
 Boot!) and .1. B. Miner, won. March 1898, E. A. Slocum, F. E. 
 Force, and Joseph W. Beach won. In 1899, Joseph W. Beach, A. J. 
 P^nch and F. G. Sasse won. In lOW, W. M. Jerome, H. G. Spauld- 
 ing and W. R. Hubbard won. In 1901, T. D. Schall, R. L. Dillman 
 and O. A. Lende, won. In 1902, T. D. Schall, J. A. Layne and J. G. 
 Steenson won. In 1903, G. P. Jones, J. A. Lane and J. G. Steenson 
 won. In 1904, G. P. .Tones, A. J. BushfieJd and W. I. Norton won. 
 In 1905, Theodore Cliristianson, Fanny Fligelman and H. L. Brock- 
 way won. In 1905, Luciie Way, O. B. Flinder and Fanny Fligel- 
 man won. In 1906, Vivian Colgrove, Louis Schwartz and Algernon 
 Cfilburn won. 
 
 In 1901-C2, the Pillsbury and Dunwoody prizes w^ere combined 
 and offered for the same purpose as the Pillsbury prizes were 
 offered. 
 
 In 1902 Governor Pillsbury gave $100 to encourage debate among 
 the sophomores, and I. A. Churchill, A. F. Kovarik, and J. P. 
 Kranz, won 
 
 PI SIGMA — An honorary engineering society established in 1894. 
 PORTER, Edward D. — Professor of theory and practice of agri- 
 culture, 1880-87. Professor Porter was in charge of the agricul- 
 tural department during the transition! stage and played a large 
 part in the development of the solution to the problem reached 
 by the University, as exomplified in the scliool of agriculture and 
 in the establl.shment of the farmers' institutes. 
 
 POST ELS I A — The yearbook of the Minnesota seaside station. 
 Vol. 1 was issued in 1901 and contains seven essays. Vol. II was 
 issued in 1906 and contains seven essays, or papers. 
 
 POST-OFFICE — The University post office was originally owned 
 and controlled by the University and managed by 'the registrar. 
 With the growth of the University this branch became too much 
 of a burden to be cared for and was taken over by the proprietor 
 of the University book store and was managed by liim for several 
 years. When the book store removed from the campus, the post- 
 office was managed by the business manager of the Ariel, who 
 employed a stenographer to take charge of the office, the fees for 
 boxes paying the necessary expenses. The post office was finally 
 placed in charge of Miss Clara Poucher, who dCA^oted her Whole 
 time to the work, receiving the rental fees for her services. Later, 
 J. C. Poucher. a brother of Miss Poucher, was placed in charge of 
 the post office and has continued m charge to this day. The post 
 office was formerly located in the basement of the old main build- 
 ing, but when that building was burned, it was remo\-ed to the 
 rotunda of the library building. With the completion of Folwell 
 hall, the post office wa.s transferred to a room, set apart for the 
 purpose, in that building. 
 
 POTTER, Frances Boardman Squire — Born November 12, 1867, 
 Elmira, N. Y. B. A.. Elmira, 1887: M. A., same, 1889; honorary 
 alumna. Universitv, 1904. Studied Fi-ench language and literature 
 in France, 1891; research work in English, Cambridge university. 
 England, 1906. Taught in Elmira college, French and mathemat- 
 icf;, 1889-90; senior Engli.sh teacher, Minneapolis east high school, 
 1899. Instructor in English, University, 1900-04; assistant pro- 
 fessor, 1904-07; professor, same, 1907 !o date. Author of Germels- 
 hausen. in collaboration with Professors Schlonker and Peck; 
 magazine stories under name of Frances Boardman; The Balling- 
 tons, (novel) Frances Squire; short stories and pedagogical articles,
 
 172 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 Trances Squire. Member Lyceum club, London, 190C; Society 
 American vromen in London, 19&7; education committee of tlie 
 Gene»-al federation of women's clubs of the United States. 
 
 POTTER, Marion — Instructor in Englisli, 1899-01. Graduate ot 
 the LTniversity, class of 1897. Now editor of tlie Cumulative booli 
 index, publislied by the H. W. Wilson company of this city. 
 
 POULTRY BUILDING— Erected in 1896, at a cost of $1,000. 
 Eemodelled in lOO'O. Contains apartments for a number of breeds 
 of fowls, and is CQuipped fur experiments in breeding- and feeding 
 poultry. 
 
 POWER HOUSE— Erected in 1S87, at a cost of $18,000, and re- 
 miodelnd in 1904 at an additional cost of $10i,000. Contains one 
 lecture room with a seating capacity for seventy-five students, in 
 which lectures are given on carpentry, power machinery and 
 creamery engineering; also a small room containing a simple en- 
 gine, steam pumps, injectors, and other maiterials used for the 
 purpose of instruction. Tlie steam heat, electric light, power and 
 water are fuTnished from this building for the department of agri- 
 culture. For this work, four one-hundred horse-power boilers, two 
 engines and dynamos, and tvv'o deej) well pumps are employed. 
 
 POUMERLIE, Charles — Assistant in horticulture, experiment 
 station, 1887-89. 
 
 POWELL, Ransom J. — Librarian of the college of law, 1S9G-98; 
 inbtructoi- iu justice practice, 1898-02. 
 
 PRATT, Chelsea C. — Junior demonstrator in pathology and bac- 
 teriology, 1907 to date. M. D., University, 1906. 223 Harvard street 
 southeast. 
 
 PREPARATORY DEPARTM ENT— This department was organ- 
 ized by t!ie special board of three regents, and opened for instruc- 
 tion Octcbor 7, 1867. The legislature, of the previous year had 
 m.ide an appropriation of $1.5,000 "to be expended in repairing 
 and furnishing the University building, and for the employment 
 of a teacher or teachers for the purpose of commencing the gram- 
 mar and norma! department of the University of Minnesota." 
 Tliis sum was spent- as follows: $5,804.38 for current expense, in- 
 cluding salaries, and the balance for repairs. The faculty of this 
 school consisted of W. W. Washbui-n, principal and instructor in 
 German and Latin, Ira Moore, mathematics, E. H. Twming, nat- 
 ural science, and A. J. Richardson, English branches. The at- 
 tendance, during the first session was 72, of which number 16 
 were young women. The enrollment of the second session was 
 109, including 35 young women. The enrollment for the third ses- 
 sion was 14G, including 38 young women. The formal organization 
 adopted by the regents and the election of the first University 
 faculty, August 23, 1869, closed this chapter of University history. 
 PRIZES, Cash — The Pillsbury, the Eighty nine . memorial, the 
 Dunwoody, the Peavey, the Peavey-Dunwoody, the Wyman, the 
 William Jennings Bryan, the Briggs, the Lowden, the Minneapo- 
 lis life imdfM writers, the Rollin E. Cutts. 
 
 PS! UPSILON — Mu chapter established 1891. Founded at TTnion 
 college in 1833. 310 Twelfth avenue southeast. This fraternity 
 absorbed the local fraternity, known as the Theta Phi, which was 
 established in 1S79. 
 
 QUARTERLY BULLETIN, The—Published from May 1892 to 
 June, 1891, six numbers, by the University. Edited by a com- 
 mittee of the faculty. Professor Conway MacMillan, editor-in- 
 chief.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 173 
 
 QUENSE. J. H.— Instructor in drawing, 1903-06. 
 
 QUILL The— A good-fellowsliip club, the members of which are 
 elected from among the young women connected with the various 
 Diil)lications of the University. „i^„,r 
 
 RAMALEY, Francis-Instructor in botany and pharmacology. 
 1894-95; instructor in botany and practical pharmacognosy, 189o- 
 
 '' RAMSEY, Alexander, St. Paul-1851-56. Bx-officio regent, goy- 
 ernoi of tu; state. February J 4. ISOO-July 10; 1863. -War gov- 
 ernor'' of the slate. 
 
 RAMSEY, waiter R.-A^siscant in medicine, 1900-03; ^^f^^J^^ 
 in pediatrics. 1903-05; clinical instructor m diseases of chUdien, 
 1905 to .iate. 115 Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 RANDALL, Clarence B.— Instructor in drawing and farm build- 
 ings. 1902 -Hi. 
 
 RANDALL, Eugene W.— Born January 1, 1859, Winona, Minn. 
 Hi^h sc'ioo; and normal school.' Principal of the Mtorris, Minn., 
 hi 'h schcol, two years. Other experience in country schools. Re- 
 gent of the University 1904 to date of resignation, June ]3, 190i. 
 Dean and director of the department of agriculture, 1907 to date. 
 Secretary of the State agricultural society, 1895-07. 
 
 RANKIN, Albert W. — Born in Canada, in 1852. B. A., Uni- 
 versity, 18S0; has been engaged in school work since graduation. 
 Eleven' yeais was state inspector of graded schools. Associate 
 p-ufessor of education since 190fi. Author of many articles for 
 educational journals. 91G Fifth street southeast. 
 
 RAWSON, Ralph H.— Instructor in drawing, 1906-07. 
 READ, H. K. — Demonstrator of anatomy, 1899-07. 
 REAMER, E. F.— Assistant in ophthalmology and otology, 1899- 
 02. 
 
 REED, Frank E., 1902, law 1904— Manager of athletics, 1904-07. 
 ' Mr Reed is cnga^ed in the practice of law at Glencoe. 
 
 REES, Soren P.— Born September 27, 1870, Denmark, Europe. 
 Stillwater !iigh school, 1890; B. S., University, 1895; M. D., 1897; 
 interne, one year at St. Barnabas hospital. Instructor in physical 
 diagnosis and clirical medicine, since 1901. Member of the boara 
 of directors of the General alumni association; Theta Delta Chi; 
 Phi Beta Kappa. Author of articles for medical journals; member 
 of various medical societies. 
 
 REGENT FOR LIFE — By a special act of the State legislature, 
 approved March 27, 1905, Honorable John S. Pillsbury was made 
 regent for life, as a special token of respect and appreciation of 
 his services to the University. 
 
 REGENTS— See Board cf regents. 
 
 REID, Harry M. — Instructor in prosthetic dentistry, 1896 to 
 date. 21114 ijueen avenue south. 
 
 REYNOLDS, Myron H. — Born November 5, 186'5, Wheaton, 111. 
 Iowa state college, four years scientific course, three years vet- 
 erinary medieine; three years course in medicine and two years 
 course in pharmacy at Iowa college of physicians and surgeons, 
 B. S. A., D. V. M., M. D., Ph. G. Two years' experience in 
 country schools. Professor of veterinary medicine and surgery, 
 and vetei-inarian of the experiment station, since 1893. Author of 
 Fi.stula; A Study of Cathartics; State Control of Hog Cholera; 
 State Control of Glanders; Prevention Bettor than Treatment; 
 Hog Cholera and Swine Plague, bulletin; AzDturia; Bovine Tuber-
 
 174 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 cii!osis, bulletin; Some Parasitic Diseases of Slieep; Modern "Vet- 
 erinary Practice; State Work with Inspection of Diseases of Ani- 
 mals; Hemorrhagic Speticaemia; Infectious Abortion; Recent Vet- 
 erinary Literature of Surgery; Veterinary Studies; Stable Ventila- 
 tion, bulletin; Milk Affected by Handling and Exposure. Organ- 
 ized the Minnesota Jive stock sanitary control; the board is con- 
 sidered one of the two most efiicient in the United States. 
 
 RHAME, Mitchell D. — Instructor in civil engineering and indus- 
 trial drawing, 1872-73, assistant professor 1873-74, professor, 1874- 
 80. Now assistant chief engineer of the Milwaukee Railway. 
 
 RICE, A. E., Willmar— Appointed regent May 7, 1897, reappoint- 
 ed in 19(V3, term expires in 1&09. Born in Norway, September 24, 
 1847. Member of Co. K. Loth Wisconsin volunteer infantry, dur- 
 ing the Civil war. Entered the banking business in 1S82; presi- 
 dent of the bank of Wilmar; vice-president of the Wilmar Sash 
 and door co.; member of the Minnesota house of representatives, 
 from Hennepin countj% 1870; member of senate, Kandiyohi coun- 
 ty, 1874 -S6, except one term; lieutenant governor of Minnesota, 
 18&6-91. President of the board of farmers' institi'tes. 
 
 RICE, Henry M., St. Paul— Regent 1851-59. 
 
 RICHARDSON, A. J — Instructor in English branches in the 
 preparatory department of the University, 1867-69. 
 
 RICHARDSON, Oscar K. — Lecturer (homeopathic) on life in- 
 surance examination. 1898-03. Assistant in clinical medicine, 1907 
 to date. 
 
 RICKER, George E. — Professor of clinical (homeopathic) medi- 
 cine, 1888-89; and phvsical diagnosis, 1SS9-0j. Died, September, 
 1905. 
 
 RIDDLE, William Halderman — Born on a farm in western 
 Pennsylvania. ([Completed the work of the country public school, 
 "select" .school, a private tutor, grammar school, academy, and a 
 small college. In the fall of 1SS9 he entered Kansas University. 
 After graduation, in 1893, he taught mathematics and English in 
 the Lawrence high school for one year, and then went to Har- 
 vard, entering as a member of the class of 1895. He received Ms 
 degree of B. A. the following spring, with "honorable mention" 
 in mathematics. During 1S95-96, he continued his work at Har- 
 vard as Townsend scholar in mathematics and received his mas- 
 ter's degree. Positions in two of New England's best and most 
 famous secondaiy schools were offered him, but he refused theni 
 to come to the University as instructor in mathematics. On Jan- 
 uary 9, occurred the street car collision, in which Professor Riddle 
 was fatally injured; he died January 23, 1897. 
 
 RIDER, Don DuVello — Instructor in prosthetic technics, 1905 
 to date. 
 
 RIGGS, Charles Eugene— Born in 1S53, "West Unity, Ohio. Grad- 
 uate of Ohio "Wosleyan university, Delaware, Ohio. Professor of 
 mental and ner\-ous diseases since the organization of the de- 
 partment, in 1888. 595 Dayton avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 RIHELD.AFFER, J. G., St. Paul— Regent 1853-59. 
 
 Rl NGN ELL, C. J. — Assistant in laryngology, 1894-95. 
 
 RIPLEY, G. C. — Lecturer on equity jurisprudence and proced- 
 ure, 1888-89. 
 
 RITCHIE, A. F.— Professor of anatomy, 1888-89. Died 1907. 
 
 RITCHIE, Harry Parks— Born March 2, 1873, "Wellington. Kan- 
 sas. Public schools of St. Paul, Minn.; high school, 1890; Ph. B.,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 175 
 
 Yale, 1S93; M". D., University, 1896. Surgeon U. S. volunteers, 
 1898-00. Assistant in gynecology, 1897-01; instructor in gynecolo- 
 gy, 1901 to date. 
 
 RITCHIE, Parks-Born December 15, 1845, Bainbridge, Ind. 
 Graduate of Pianklin academy, Franklin, Ind. Ohio medical col- 
 lege, M. D., 1870; practiced medicine at Petersburg, Ind., re- 
 moved to Wellington. Kansas, 1871-73; returned to Indiana and prac- 
 ticed eight years at Martinsville; graduate work at the College 
 of physicians and surgeons, New York, and Bellevue hospital col- 
 lege, ISSO-Sl; practiced medicine in .St. Paul since 1881. Professor 
 of obstetrics from the organization of the college of medicine and 
 surgery, 18SS to date. Dean of same college lS97-€6. Member of 
 the medical and surgical staff of St. Luke's hospital; obstetrician 
 of City and county hospitals, St. Paul; member of the American 
 medical association; Minnesota state medical association; ex-pres- 
 ident of same, Minnesota academy of medicine, ex-president of 
 same; Ramsey county medical society; Obstetrical council of the 
 9th international medical congress. 597 Summit avenue, St. Paul. 
 125 Dowry Arcade. 
 
 ROBERTS, George F. — Pi'ofessor (homeopathic) of diseases of 
 women, 1895-04. 
 
 ROBERTS, Thomas S. — Professor of diseases of children, 1900 
 to date. 1GC3 Fourth avenue aouth. 
 
 ROBERTS, William B. — Lecturer (homeopathic) on general sur- 
 gery, 19G3-04; professor general surgery, 1904 to date. Pillsbury 
 building. 
 
 ROBERTSON, D. A.— Professor of agriculture 1869. Died 
 March 16, 1905, at the family residence, in the city of Minneapo- 
 lis, in his 83d year. 
 
 ROBERTSON, William — Instructor in physics and language 
 work, school of agriculture, 1892-05; superintendent of the sub- 
 station at Crookston, IWS-OG; also principal of the Crookston ag- 
 ricultural scliool, 190G to date. 
 
 ROBINSON, Edward VanDyke— Born December 20, 1SG7, Bloom- 
 ington, 111. Graduate of University of Michigan, and received mas- 
 tor's degree there also; Ph. D., Leipzic; principal of Rock Island, 
 111., high school; principal of St. Paul high school; acting professor 
 of economics and politics, Albion college; lecturer on physiography 
 and geography. University summer school; several summers in 
 railway offices securing practical knowledge of certain railroaxx 
 problems; profen.sor of economics. University, 1907 to date. Au- 
 thor of many articles upon high school matters, and the following 
 of scientific character relating to his specialty — War and Econom- 
 ics in History and Theory; Division of Governmental Powers in 
 Ancient Greece: The Caroline Islands and the Terms of Peace; 
 The Isthmian Canal; Crete and the Cretan Question; The Study 
 of History- in Relation to the Formation of Character; The Con- 
 trol of the Nicar^.gua Canai; also many reviews of standard pub- 
 lications for leading journals. 1213 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 ROGERS, John T. — Clinical instructor in diseases of children, 
 lS9'5-98; clinical instructor in surgery, 1898-02; clinical professor 
 of surgei->'. 1902 to date. Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 ROLLIN E. CUTTS PRIZE IN SURGERY, The— Dr. Mar>- E. 
 Smith Cutts, Med. '91, has given the University, as a memorial 
 of her husband. Dr. Rollin E. Cutts, Med. '91. the sum of J500.O0, 
 the income from which is to be awarded in the form of a gold
 
 176 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 medal to that member of the senior class of the college of medi- 
 cine and surtrery who presents the best thesis showing original 
 work upon a surgical subject. 
 
 ROME, Robert Rasmussen — Born March 4, 1865, Denmark. Uni- 
 versity academy, Chicago; Denison University, Granville, Ohio. 
 One year at Rush, 18S3; Hahnemann college, Chicago, 1891; Uni- 
 versity. M. D., 1892. Supplied the_ pulpit of the Albert Lea Bap- 
 tist church, 1SS9. Ad.iunct protessor, in charge of clinical obstet- 
 rics, college of homeopathic medicine and surgery, 1894-90; clini- 
 cal professor of obstetrics, 1896-02; professor of diseases of women>' 
 10'02-0'3; senior professor of gynecology, 1903 to date; author of 
 many articles for medical and surgical journals; inventor of an 
 instrument for measuring the internal conjuge of living women 
 to ascertain if childbirth is possible. 90'0 Twenty-second avenue 
 south 
 
 ROSE, Bert A. — Born August 18, 1866, St. Paul, Minn. Gradu- 
 ate of high school; music teacher for twenty years. Band master, 
 University. 710 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 ROSE, Norman W. — In-slructor in drawing, 1906 to date. 209 
 State street southeast. 
 
 ROSEN DAHL, Carl Otto— Born October 24, 1875, Spring Grove, 
 Minn, .attended countr\- schools; Decorah, la., institute, 1896; 
 B. S., University, 1901; M. S., 1902; Ph. D., Berlin, 1905, after two 
 years of graduate work at that institution. Taught one year in 
 country school. Scholar in botany, 1900-01; instructor, same, 1901- 
 02; assistant professor, same, 190-5 to date. Author of Contribu- 
 tions to Flora of Southeastern Minnesota; Die Nordamerikanischen 
 Saxifragineen urd ihre Verwandtschaftsverhaltnisse in Bezeihung 
 zu ihrer Geographiscbeu Verbreitung (doctor's thesis); Observa- 
 tiori on Plant Distribution in Renfrew Distiict of Vancouver Isl- 
 a.nd. 626 Sixteenth avenue southeast. 
 
 ROTH ROCK, John L. — Clinical instructor in pathology, 1898- 
 03, and gynecolog>-, 1903-05; clinical professor of diseases of wom- 
 en, 1905 to date. Dowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 RUGGLES, Arthur Gordon — Born May 30, 1875, Annapolis Roy- 
 .al, N. S. Normal school and agricultural college, Trui o, N. .S. ; 
 B. S. A., Cornell; M'. S., same. Taught four years in public schools 
 of Nova Scotia. Instructor in entomology and zoology, school of 
 agriculture, and experiment station, 1904 to date. 14e5 Raymona 
 a\enue, St. Anthony Park. 
 
 RUSSELL, Ber^t — Irsxructor in chemistry, 1902-03. Now assist- 
 ant examiner of patents, Washington, D'. C. 
 
 RUSSELL, H. L. — Instructor in bacteria in dairy products, 
 1902 to date. 
 
 RYAN, Gussie K. — Stenographer, office of purchasing agent, 704 
 E. Sixth street, St. Paul. 
 
 RYAN, Wiltiam — In>jtructoi- in electrical engineering, 1907 to 
 date. 1406 Seventh street southeast. 
 
 SALT SPRING LANDS— The United States government, in 1857, 
 ceded to Mnincsjta 46.080 acres of so-called "salt spring lands." 
 The legislature of Minnesota gave 7,643 acres to the Belle-Plaine 
 salt company to encourage the investigations of this company 
 into the possibility of using the lands for the production of salt. 
 No residts were accomplished through this grant. The company 
 di.sposing of the land at a good figure and doing almost no work 
 in return fTr the same. A second grant was asked by the same 
 company, and the legislature called Professor Winchell, of Uni-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. \^^ 
 
 versitv of Michigan, to invnstigate and report. His report showed 
 that nothing wa.s to be hoped from such grants, and in IS/Z an 
 art was passed creating the geological and natural history survey 
 and grantin,-; to that survey, for Its support, all of the ands tlien 
 remaining of the congressional grant of 18.57. It was found that 
 of the 40.080 acres granted by Congress, 11,520 acres were situ- 
 ated on land.« belonging to the Indians; G,750' acres had oeen taken 
 up bv settlers, under the homestead laws, and 1.600 acres covered 
 bv a" previous swarnp and gi'ant, making a total of LT.al.-. acres 
 not available for the encowment of the survey, and leaving but 
 18 751 acres available for that purpose. Governor PiUsoury intro- 
 du'ced into the legislature, and secured the passage of a resolution 
 asking Concress to cede other lands to cover those which had 
 Sen fost to" the state thrc^ugh no fault of its own. In 1879. this 
 w?«. done, and twenty-fou;- sections, 15,360 acres were ceded to 
 the state and by the state made over for the endowment of the 
 survev! maUiSg the total amount of land available for the pur- 
 nose '34 114 acres. The .«al5S of these lands, to August 1. 1906, 
 amounted to $303,475.23. There w..d then due on contracts out- 
 s andhig $r 815.17. There were about 5,000 acres of land un- 
 sold For tliis information we are indebted to D. W. Sprague. 
 University accountant. 
 
 SALUTATORIANS-1S76, W. E. Leonard; 1877. E. A^ Currie; 
 1S78, Marv W. Robinson; 1879, George H. Partridge; 1880. GW^ 
 Smiih; 1881. Margaret Campbell; 1882, A. F HUyer; 1883 ^illiam 
 E. Fay; 1SS4, Emma Zwinggi; 1SS5, Mary I Irving; 1886. Ada L. 
 Kiehle; 1887. N. M. Cross; 1888, Alice A. Adams; 1889. W.B. La- 
 due 9135; 1890. Milton Rex, 92.66; 1891. T. G. Soares. 94.<6; 1892, 
 Clii- E Banev 94.55; 1893, A. C. Knudson, 96.34; 1894, Theodore 
 Clark, 94.05; 'iSaS, Clarence B. Miller. 94.43; 1896, J- N Berg, 92.05; 
 1<!97 Helen C. Woodman. 94.22; 1898, Annabel W. Beach, 9o.71; 
 for the following years the honor of "salutatory" was not award- 
 ed but the persons named were granted second honors in schoi- 
 arsiiip— 1899 B S Nickerson. 94.49; 1900, Allen R. Benham, 9o.l2; 
 1901, Hariy C. Libby, ; 1902, Katherine Jacobson, . 
 
 SALUTATORY— See Valedictory. 
 
 SANDE'=?S, Henry A.— Instructor in Latin, 1897-99. Born and 
 reared in Maine. Attended the Maine state normal school at 
 Farmington, and later the Coburn classieal institution at W ater- 
 ville Graduated from University of Michigan where he made a 
 «pecialtv of Latin and Greek. Taught in the Minneapolis Central 
 high school for two vears, and a year in the Central high school 
 of'^Kansas city. Missouri. From there he was recalled to the Uni- 
 versitv of Michigan, as instructor in Latin and Greek, where he 
 remained for two years. In 1894 he took his second degree of 
 A. M. from the University of Michigan, and in the years of 1895-96 
 ho studied at the University of Berlin, Germany, and the years, 
 of 1896-97 at Munich, where he took the degree of Ph. D. Re- 
 called to Michigan in 1899, where he now is. 
 
 SANFORD, Edward Patterson— Born July 29. 1877, Philadelphia, 
 Pa Grade and high schoo's of Philadelphia; B. A., 1900; M. A., 
 1902; LL. B., '05. Instructor in rhetoric, 190O-OJ; assistant pro- 
 fessor 190.- -Ofi. Now engaged in business with Butler Brothers, 
 Minneaiiolis. 
 
 SANFORD, Mary F., 1902— General secretary of the University 
 Y. "\V. C. A., 190.3-05. 
 
 SANFORD, Maria L.— Born December 19, 1836, Saybrook, Conn. 
 She spent her girlhood in Meriden. Conn. Connecticut state nor-
 
 178 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 mal school, ISoii; ten. years she taught in the schools of Connecti- 
 cut—five in New Haven. She then went to Coatesville, Pa., where 
 she was superintendent of the schools, and principal of the high 
 school. Resigning there she accepted the position of teacher, and 
 was afterwards made professor of history, elocution and rhetoric 
 in Swarthmore college. Here she taught for ten years. While at 
 Swarthmoro she lectured extensively in Ohio, Pennsylvania and 
 Maryland. 
 
 In the fall of 1S80 she came to the University as assistant 
 professor of rhetoric and elocution, 1880-81; professor of same, 
 1S>;1 to date. Professor Sanforu has always taken a deep interest 
 in the various works of a charitable and religious nature. She 
 has been a director of the Northwestern hospital, and president 
 of the Woman's auxiliary to the Young Women's Christian associa- 
 tion. In temperance work her influence is felt throughout thie 
 state. As an eloquent, forcible, popular and earnest speaker. Miss 
 Sanford is well known to the people of Minnesota, having given 
 numerous, addresses in practically every part of the state. She 
 was recently introduced to an audience as the "best known and 
 best loved woman in the state of Minnesota." She is actively 
 connected with various women's organizations and takes an ac- 
 tive interest in everything that piomises civic betterment. lOoO- 
 Thirteenth avenue southeast. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. — The Minnesota alumni association of 
 northern California. President, George A. Clark, 1S91; secretary, 
 Frank V. Cornish, 1893. 
 
 SARDESON, Frederick William — Born February 22, 1866, Wiota, 
 Wis. B. L., University. 1891; M. S., '92; Freiburg in Baden, Ger- 
 many, Ph. D., '95. Scholar in Geology, University, 1892-93; in- 
 structor, 1894-90 ; instructor in paleontology, 1897-06; assistant pro- 
 fessor of same, 1906 to date. Field geologist, U. S. Geological 
 survey, 1SS9-90; geological survey of Baden, 1894-95; field work 
 summers for various purposes. Author of many scientific articles 
 on geology and paleontology, in professional journals. Phi Beta 
 Kappa; Sigma Xi; Fellow of the Geological society of America; 
 Fellow cf American association for the advancement of science. 
 414 Harvard street southeast. 
 
 SAVAGE, Charles Albert — Born September 4, ]866, Stockbridge, 
 M'ass. Attended various grade and high schools, Stockbridge, 
 Mass., and Plainfield, N. J., and St. Paul, Minn. University; A. B. 
 Johns Hopkins, 1S95; Ph.D., same. 1903. Several years experience 
 in business, grain and insurance. Instructor in Latin, 1899-03; as- 
 sistant professor of Latin, 1903-04; same of Latin and Greek, 1904 
 to date. Author of dissertation entitled, The Athenian Family, a 
 sociological and legal study, based chiefly on the works of Attic 
 orators. Now in press. 454 Ashland avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 SAWYER, John E. — Professor (homeopathic) of the history and 
 methodologi" of medicine, 1894-95. 
 
 SAWYER, Wesley G.* — Assistant professor of German, 1873-74. 
 
 SCABBARD AND BLADE, The — A branch of the National mil- 
 itary organization was established at the University in 1905. This 
 is a fraternal oi'ganization among the officers of the University 
 corps of cadets. The Minnesota branch is known as Company B, 
 of the National organization. 
 
 SCANDINAVIAN LITERARY CLUB, The— An organization of 
 students of the department of Scandinavian, whose purpose is to 
 promote interest in the studv of Scandinavian languages and liter- 
 atures.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 179 
 
 SCHADLE, Jacob E. — Clinical instructor in diseases of nose 
 and throat, 1S95-98; clinical professor, same, 1898-03; clinical pro- 
 fessor laryngology, rhinoloyy and otolog-y, 1903-04; of rhinolog-y 
 and larynsoiogv, 1904 to date. I.o^vry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 SCHAPER, William A.— Born April 17, 1SG9, L«, Crosse, Wis. 
 State n.'rnial, Ri\ or Falls, Wis., 1886-91; B. L., Wisconsin, 1895; 
 M. A., Columbia, 1S9S; Ph. D., same, 1901. University of Berlin, 
 Germany, 1900-01: University scholar at Columbia, 1896-97; Uni- 
 versity fellow, sajne, 1897-98. Winner of the Justin Winsor Prize, 
 l&OO. T.aught in common school, 1887-88; Dubuque, la., higit 
 school, 18S9-9'0. Some retail business experience; U. S Census, 
 population division, 1890; secretary of the convention of employers 
 and employes, 1902; instructor in political science, 1900-01; assist- 
 ant professor, 1902-04; profcs.sor, same, 1904 to date. Author of 
 Sectionalism and Representation in North Carolina, lOOO; Report 
 of Employers and Employes Convention, 1903; What .Students know 
 about American Government; suggested the organization of the 
 American Political Science Association in Philadelphia, 1902; mem- 
 ber of the executive committee of same, 1902-07; chairman of 
 comjnittee on instruction in political science. 623 Fulton street 
 southeast. 
 
 SCHEFICK, J. Francis — Instructor in materia medica, college 
 of dentistry, 19u5 to date. Masonic Temple. 
 
 SCHINZ, Albert— Instructor in French, 1898-99. Born at Neu • 
 chatf^l. Rwiizerland, 1870. Educated at the same place, receiving 
 hi? B A. In ISSS and his A. M'. in 1889. He received the degree 
 of Eicentiate in theology in 1892; Ph. D., Tubingen, 1894. Student 
 in Paris 1S94. During the year 1896-7 he was associate professor 
 of philosophy at the University of Neuchatel. The year 1S97-S he 
 spent at Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Specialized in phil- 
 osophy and the German and French Literatures of the XIX cen- 
 tury. 
 
 SCHLENKER, Carl— Born .Tune S, 1869, Wilkesbarre, Pa. A. 
 B., Michigan, 1892; University of Iowa, 1896-98; Berlin, 1900. Pro- 
 fessor of English and modern languages, Carthage college, 1892-96; 
 instructor in German, Iowa University, 189fi-98; instructor in Ger- 
 man, Universitv, 1898-00; assistant professor of German, 1900-05; 
 professor same, 1905 to date. Editor of Collegian, 1892-96; con- 
 tributor to various periodicals and daily press on subjects deal- 
 ing with tlio drama; Germelshausen, in collaboration with Professors 
 Potter and Peck; editor of Deutsche Gedichte. 422 Union street 
 southeast. 
 
 SCHMIDT, Gottfried— Dispensary assistant, 1901- 
 SCHOEN, Ida— Instructor in German 1897-98, during the ab- 
 sence of licr sister Marie. 
 
 SCHGEN, Marie — Instructor in German, 1892-96. 
 SCHOEN-RENE, Anna — Born in Prussia. Her father was Roy- 
 al Cc:\nt ("nimsolior tmdrr Emperor AVilliam I. Slie received a lib- 
 eral cducaticn and at the age of fifteen entered the Royal Conserv- 
 atory in Berlin, where she made .<?reat progress under Frau Schult- 
 zen von Asten. and won the Mendelssohn prize, which is annually 
 offered in Berlin, from a class of eighty. 
 
 After the death of her father she went to Milan for three sea- 
 sons of study under the great Eamperte. Upon her return to Ger- 
 many she made her debut in a grand concert given under the pa- 
 tronage of Prince Frederic Karl of Prussia. Her success was in- 
 stantaneous, the method, culture, and delivery of her voice creat- 
 ing tremendous enthusia.sm.
 
 l8o DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 Still unsatisfied with lier accomplisliments, she went to Paris 
 and passed a year witii Mme. Pauline Viai-dot-Garcia. In Paris 
 also FrJ. SchoeurRene sang in opera and concert with great suc- 
 cess. She was the first German lady ever elected a member of 
 the International Union of Arts and Science of which the famous 
 Lamoureux is president. 
 
 In 1890 she came to this country to fulfil an engagement in 
 Italian opera, but was taken very ill in New York and was obliged 
 to give up her operatic career. Soon after she came to Minneap- 
 olis and in 1S94 she organized the University Choral Union which 
 for four years she made the most noted musical organization in the 
 northwest. She discontinued her work in this line in 1897, 
 
 SCHOLARSHIPS, Endowed— The Moses Marston, The Albert 
 Howard, The Ludden. 
 
 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE— The total attendance upon the 
 regular courses in the school of agriculture, from ISSS down to 1907, 
 wn.s 4,283, excluding duplicates. 
 
 SCHOOL OF DESIGN, Freehand Drawing and Woodcarving— 
 
 See College of engineering. 
 
 SCHOOL OF MINES BUILDING— Was erected in 1903 at a 
 total cost of $61,000, the proceeds of two different appropriations. 
 The building is designed to accommodate only the technical work of 
 the school, as adequate building accomodations have already -been 
 furnished for chemistry, geology, mineralogy, drawing and mechan- 
 ical and electrical engineering. It is 150 feet long by G5 feet wide. 
 It is a red brick building three stories high. The lower floor is 
 occupied by the assaying and metallurgical laboratories; the sec- 
 ond floor contains offices, two large lecture rooms, depart- 
 mental library and a museum; the third floor provides two quiz 
 rooms, a large, well lighted draughting room, thesis room, a dark 
 room and a blue print room. 
 
 SCHOOL OF MINES SOCIETY, The— This organization is 
 maintained by the students of the school of m.ines for the purpose 
 of promotin.g the interests cf the students in mining topics. The 
 society provides monthly lectures by its own members, prominent 
 alumni of the school and others who can be obtained foi' the pur- 
 pose. The society publishes an annual report containing a report 
 of the year's work and up-to-date list of the alumni of the school. 
 
 SCHULTEN, Jessie L. — Assistant in rhetoric since ' — . 
 
 SCHULZ, Waldemar — Instructor in German, 1899-1904. Boi-n 
 near Konigsberg, Prussia, liSGO. Received his early education at the 
 Royal Gymnasium of Insterburg. Specialized for two years in 
 mathematics and physics at University of Konigsberg. Received 
 the degree of Ph.D. from University of Berlin in 1887. Taught for 
 several years in New York, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. In 
 1898 he held an honorary fellowship at Cornell University. Mem- 
 ber of th(^ American Mathematical Society. 
 
 SCHUMACHER, Albert J. — Instructor in civil engineering and 
 physics, 1890-91. 
 
 SCHUR MEIER PRIZE, The— For the best essay presented by an 
 undergraduate student upon an assigned topic. This prize, $20, 
 was established by the Honorable Theodore D. Schurmeier, of St. 
 Paul, in 1899. The prize has been awarded as follows: in 1898, to 
 Arthur A. McBride; in 1899, to E. F. McGinnis and W. D. Galvin, 
 who tied for first place, was awarded one half the prize money 
 each; in 1900, to Perl W. Mabey: in 1902, to George T. Webb; in 
 1903, to C. Youngquist; in 1904. to N. F. Soderberg. 
 
 SCHWARTZKOPFF, Olaf — Professor of veterinary science and 
 veterinarian of the experiment station. 1888-1892.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. l8i 
 
 SCIENCE, LITERATURE AND THE ARTS, The College of— 
 This college was provided in the charter of the University and was 
 organized by the regents at tlie very beginning, along with the 
 college or' agriculture and mechanic arts. The work of this course 
 extended from the grades to the completion of work for the bach- 
 elor's degree, and the revised plan adopted in July ISTl, looked 
 toward the providing of advanced work leading to corresponding 
 advance degrees. The preparatory work was dropped off gradual- 
 ly, preparatory classes being discontinued in 1874, 1876 and the fin- 
 al preparatory class being dropped in 1890. 
 
 Admiission to this college is based upon the completion of a full 
 four-year high school course or its equivalent, together with an 
 examination in English to determine the applicant's command of 
 English both written and spoken. The college course embraces 
 four years and leads to uhe degree of bachelor of arts. The six- 
 year medical course is a prescribed course, the first two years of the 
 cour.se being pursued In this college, and the first two years' work 
 in either the college of medicine and surgery or the college of ho- 
 meopatliic medicine and surgery, leads to the degree ba.chelor of 
 science. As originally organized this college provided courses in 
 the classics, In science and literature and the degrees granted were 
 bachelor of arts, science, or literature. In 1899, provision was 
 made for offering work in a so-called civic course, leading to the 
 dGgree bachelor of philosophy and one class, of ten members, was 
 graduated in 1901. Beginning with the year 1901-02, all distinc- 
 tion in courses was abolished and the course was made more large- 
 ly elective and all completing the course were given the degree 
 bachelor of arts. 
 
 Until the beginning ot the year, 1893-94, the work of the junior 
 and senior years was not wholly elective, though from the very be- 
 ginning some provision had been made for elective work in these 
 two years, the amount being gradually increased until the year 
 1893-94, when all of the work of these two years was made entirely 
 elective. The work of the freshman and sophomore years was, 
 nowe\er, outlined with rare chances to secure options up to about 
 the middle of the nineties, when the ' elective system, hedged in 
 by more or less stringent regulations, had become fairly well es- 
 tablished rs a principle. From that time on until the opening 
 of the year 1904 when the work of these years was made prac- 
 tically elective, the principle made progress and finally resulted 
 in the work of the whole course being made elective, w'ith but 
 few restrictions. This college has thirty three professors, twenty 
 three assistant prcfessor-s, thirty four instructors and thirty 
 t)ne scholars and assistants. A large portion of the work of this 
 college, was formerly carried on in the old main and is now 
 housed in Folwell Hall. Pillsbury Hall, the Chemical laIx)ratory 
 building, the Library building, and the Physical Laboratory 
 ■building, also help to house this college. This college did not have 
 a dean until the year 1003-04. The affairs of the college are gov- 
 erned, as in the case of other colleges, by the faculty, subject in 
 all matters of uni;sual importance to the action of the board of 
 regents. 
 
 The tuition charged in tins college is $20 a year and double this 
 sum for non-residents. 
 
 SCOTT, Carlyle McRoberts. — Born Dt^cember 1st, 1873, Law- 
 rence, Mass. High school work in Massachusetts; one year in Uni- 
 versity of Leipzig; two years in the Conservatory of M'usic, Leip- 
 zig: two years with pri\'ate teachers in IjCipzig. Taught one year 
 in Leipzig and in Minneapolis since 1901. Assistant professor of 
 music, in charge of the department, since 1904. 30 Thirteenth 
 street south.
 
 l82 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 SCHROEDEL, Theophilus Henry.— Born September I'Gth, 1882, 
 Ridgeville. Wis. Concordia College Academy, St. Paul; graduated 
 Northwestern University, "Watertown, Wis., li&02; three years' 
 course in theology German Lutheran seminary, Wauwatosa, Wis., 
 graduating, 190S. Assistant pastor of German Evangelical Luther- 
 an Trinity Church of St. Paul. 1905-0'6. Instructor in German, 
 University, 1906 to date. 14 Iglehart avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 SEATTLE, Wash. — An alumni organization is maintained. C. 
 J. Zintheo, '97, secretary. The secretary's business address is 454 
 Arcade building. 
 
 SEDGWICK, Julius Parker.— Instructor in physiological chem- 
 istry. Andrus building. 
 
 SELF-SUPPORTING STUDENTS— Students of the University, 
 to a very large degree, are either partially or wholly self-support- 
 ing. The location of the University in the Twin Cities makes it 
 possible lor a large number of students to do this. The kinds of 
 employment secured by students to help pay their own way, is lim- 
 ited only by the kinds of work available in a large city. Everj-thing 
 that anyone can do is attempted by the students. Students who 
 have learned a trade before coming to the University And it a com- 
 paratively easy matter to earn a large proportion of their expenses 
 while attending the University. For a fuller statement of this 
 matter, see bulletin, published in 1899, containing live papers 
 written by students who made their way through the University. 
 
 SENIOR ENGINEER'S SOCIETY— Organized in 1906 for the 
 purpose of bringing its members into closer union and co-opera- 
 tion and to strengthen the bonds of fiiendship among its members. 
 It was not until the spring of 1907, however, that the idea of mak- 
 ing it a permanent organization was brought up and steps taken 
 to carry it out. It is not the intention of the founders that it 
 should become an exclusive society, but rather a nucleus of repre- 
 sentative mon about which the college life of the whole senior 
 class may center. 
 
 SENIOR PROIVIENADE, The— An annual ball given by the se- 
 nior class during commencement week. The custom was inaugu- 
 rated by the class of 1888 and the first promenade was given in the 
 old Coliseum in commencement week of 1838. 
 
 SENKLER, Albert E. — Pi-ofessor theory and practice of med- 
 icine, 1888-91; professor of clinical medicine 1894-99. 
 
 SENKLER, George E. — Clinical instructor in physical diagmosis. 
 1897-04; clinical instructor in medicine, 1904-06; clinical professor 
 of medicine 1906 tc date. Endicott Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 SEWALL, Hannah R. — Assistant in political science and chem- 
 istry, 1892-93, rhetoric instead of chemistry, 1893-95; assistant in 
 political science, 1S9.J-1902. 
 
 SH A KOREAN, The — A literary society limited to a member- 
 ship of thirty-five men, who have as their object of existence the 
 securing of culture in debate and oratory. Established February 
 15, 1893. 
 
 SHAW, John M.— Lecturer on evidence, 1888-89. 
 
 SHAW, Thomas — Professor of animal husbandry, and in charge 
 of animal husbandry in the experiment station, 1893-01; Lecturer 
 on live stock, school of agriculture, 1891-04. 
 
 SHEEP BARN— Erected in 1895, at a cost of $1,400. It is 36 
 X 120 feet and is arranged for about a hundred sheep, and is 
 located in the middle of a field used for growing pasture and 
 fodder crops for sheep, and lias a silo and root cellar.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 183 
 
 SHELDEN, Walter D.— Born February 2nd, 1870, AVindom, 
 Minn. B. S., Wisconsin, li91; Rush Medical, M. D., 1895; house 
 physician. Cook County hospital, 1895-97; University of Vienna, 
 19U1-03. Clinical assistant in medicine, 1904 to date. 1030 An- 
 drus building. 
 
 SHELDON, Edmund P.— Assistant in botany, 1890-92. Instruc- 
 tor 1894-95. Graduate of the University class of 1894. Now lum- 
 berman in Portland, Ore. 
 
 SHEPARDSON, George Defrees— Born 1864, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 B. A. Dennison, Granville, Ohio; E. K., Cornell. Instructor in 
 science. Young Ladies' Institute, Granville, Ohio, 1880-87; instruc- 
 tor in physics, Cornell, 1890-91; assistant professor of electrical 
 engineering, University, 1891-92; professor, same, 1892 to date. 
 Motor inspector ana station operator, Boston Edison Company, 
 1887, electrical superintendent, Akron, Ohio, 1889-90; consulting 
 engineer for various interests in Minnesota. Author of numer- 
 ous articles in the technical press, in proceedings of engineering 
 societies; Electrical Catechism; Electric Train Lighting; Notes on 
 Alternating Current Phenomena. Member of the Americaji In- 
 stitute of Electrical Engineers; National Electric Light Associa- 
 tion; Northwestern Electrical Association; Society for Promotion 
 of Engineering Education; Sigma Xi; Minneapolis Engineers Club; 
 Northeastern Railway Club; Member of the Jury of Awards of 
 Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, 1901 ; a,nd at Louisiana Pur- 
 chase Exposition St. Loins, Mo., 1904. 717 East River road. 
 
 SHEPPERD, Juniata — Instructor in cooking, school of agricul- 
 ture, 1896-98; and laundering, 1898-1902; and home economics, 1902 
 10 dat,e. St. Anthony Park. 
 
 SHERWOOD, Charles D. — Rushford — Regent ex-ofTicio, Lieu- 
 tenant-governor, January llfh, 1864 to March 4th, 1864. 
 
 S.HI PPM AN, M. D. — Clinical professor (homeopathic) of otol- 
 ogy, rhinology and laryngology, 1903 to date. 4024 Sheridan av- 
 enue south. 
 
 SHOOP, Charles F. — Instructor in mechanical drawing and 
 assistant in engineering mathematics, 1905 to date. 209 State 
 street southeast. 
 
 SHUMWAY, Royal R." — Instructor in mathematics, 1903 to date. 
 B. A., University, 1903. 602 Essex street southeast. 
 
 SIBLEY, Henry H., Mendota— Regent 1851-February 14, 1860. 
 Again appointed in 1869 and re-appointed for aeven successive 
 terms, sers-ing till his death, which occurred on the anniversary 
 of the charter of the reorganized University, February IS, 1891. 
 President of the board from 1876 to date of his death. General 
 Sibley was born in Detroit, Mich., Feb. 20th, 1811. He was 
 elected as delegate to Congress from Wisconsin in 1848 and imme- 
 diately took measures of introducing a bill for the organization 
 of a new territory to include what is now Minnesota, whicli was 
 then, he contended, a part of Wisconsin; it was only after 
 a long and bitter contest and owing largely to the tact and energy 
 of Mr. Sibley, this bill became a law March 3, i849 on the last 
 day before Congress adjourned. 
 
 The new territory of Minnesota at once unanimously elected 
 Mr. Sibley its first delegate to Congress. In 1853 he returned to 
 private life and in the following year was chosen to represent 
 Dakota county in the territorial legislature. He took a prominent 
 part in forming the constitution for the State, being chairman of 
 one of the two conventions that simultaneously produced the 
 constitution under the enabling act. Mr. Sibley was chosen first 
 governor of the State of Minnesota, his term expired Jan. 1, 1860.
 
 184 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 General Sibley had command of the forces that were raised to 
 quell the Indian outbreak, which occurred August 18G2. He made 
 a brilliant success in this expedition and in 1865 was appointed 
 brevet major genera) for efficient and meritorious services. From 
 this time to the end of his life Mr. Sibley was actively engaged 
 In business. 
 
 SIDENER, Charles Frederick — Instructor in chemistry, 1883- 
 89; assistant professor of chemistry, 1889-1904; professor of chem- 
 istry, 1904 to date. B. S., University, 1883; spent one year in 
 Kuropp pursuing advanced work in his specialty. Author of 
 Quantitative Metallurgical Analysis. 1320 Fifth street southeast. 
 
 SIGERFOOS, Charles Peter — Born May 4th, 1865, Arcanum, 
 Onio. B. S., Ohio State University, 1889; Ph. D., Johns Hopkins, 
 1897. Assistant in zoology, Ohio State, 1887-89; instructor in com- 
 parative anatomy, same, 1889-91, instructor in biology. University 
 of Virginia, 1881-92; assistant in zoology, Johns Hopkins, 1894-97; 
 studied at seaside in Jamaica, Massachusetts, North Carolina, 
 and Long Island. Assistant professor of animal biology. Univer- 
 sity, 1897-00; professor of zoology, 1900 to date. Member of Beta 
 Theta Pi; Sigma Xi; Phi Beta Kappa; Fellow American Associa- 
 tion for Advancement of Science; Member of American Natur- 
 alists and Western Naturalists Associations. 328 Tenth avenue 
 southeast. 
 
 SIGERFOOS, Edward — ^Born December 14, 1868, Potsdam, Ohio. 
 Ph. B., Ohio State, 1891; Honor graduate U. S. Infantry and Cav- 
 alry School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1895. U. S. Army officer 
 active service in Cuba and the Philippines, Rank of Captain, U. 
 S. Army, 1898 to 1903. Professor of military science and tactics 
 1905 to date. 328 Tenth avenue southeast. 
 
 SIGMA ALPHA DELTA — An inter-sorority organization of jun- 
 iors, founded in 1895. 
 
 SIGMA ALPHA EPSILON — Alpha chapter established in 1902. 
 Founded at the University of Alaloama in 1856. 112 Church street 
 southeast. 
 
 SIGMA CHI — Alpha Sigma chapter established in 1888. Founded 
 at Miami University in 1885. 1808 University avenue southeast. 
 
 SIGMA NU — Gamma Tau chapter established in 1904. Founded 
 at Virginia Military Institute in 1869. 400 Washington avenue 
 southeast. 
 
 SIGMA TAU — A permanent local society of senior young women. 
 
 SIGMA XI — An honorary scientific society, membership In this 
 society is limited to faculty and members of the senior class 
 who have won special distinction in scientific lines of work. 
 
 SIMPSON, Charles— Professor of pathology, 1883-87. 
 
 SKINNER, H. O. — Assistant in (homeopathic) clinical medicine 
 and surgery, 1905 to date. 
 
 SKI-U-MAH QUARTET, The — Organized November 1893. The 
 members were R. P. Kline, Baritone; Clarence J. Zintheo. First 
 Tenor; John M. Davies, Second Tenor; Thomas M. Hughes, Basso. 
 Made first trip in spring of 1894. Took a trip through Minnesota 
 and the Dakotas in summer of same year. Following year J. L. 
 Adams was mnde basso and Thoma.'; M. Hughes took the bari- 
 tone. Trips were made at the Thanksgiving and Christmas vaca- 
 tion of 1894. The following year membership was not changed 
 and sucr-PS'sfu! trips were made. Messrs. Hughes and Davis grad- 
 uated in 1896 and their places were filled by Messrs. Loy M. Burch 
 and Horace A. Wilson.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 185 
 
 SLATER, Edward K.— Born June 28, 1870, Northwood, la. High 
 school training. Had some experience in teaching country school, 
 Practical experience in butter making and dairying. Instructor in 
 Dairy school since 1901. State Dairy and Food Commissioner. 
 1276 Raymond avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 SMITH, Augusta Norwood— Preceptress and instructor in Eng- 
 lish, 1876-80. Died February 26, 1886. 
 
 SMITH, Charles E.— Professor of materia medica and therapeu- 
 tics, 1883-87. 
 
 SMITH, Clinton D.— Professor of dairying, 1890-91; professor of 
 agriculture and director of the experiment station, 1891-93. 
 SMITH, C. K.— Regent 1851, 18t.2. 
 
 SMITH, D. Edmund — Assistant in ophthalmology and otology, 
 1894-99. 
 
 SMITH, Edwin H. — Dispensary assistant, 1898 to date. 
 SMITH, Harry E. — Instructor in mechanical engineering and 
 woodworking, 1889-90, in mechanical engineering, 1890-93; assist- 
 ant professor of mechanical engineering, 1893-95; also in charge 
 of experimental engineering and shop work, 1895-1901. 
 
 SMITH, John Day — Lecturer on American constitutional law, 
 18iil-190.j. Judge of the district court since 1905. 
 
 SMITH, Norman M.— Born September 22, 1875, Monticello. Iowa. 
 Graduate Monticello, la., high school; one year Monmouth col- 
 lege. Homeopathic dispensary since 1903. Assistant in clinical 
 medicine and physical diagnosis. 3000 Hennepin avenue. 217 
 Masonic Temple. 
 
 SMITH, Simeon— Regent February 28, 1860-January 13, 1861. 
 SMITH, Samuel George — Born March 7, 1852, Birmingham, Eng- 
 land. A. B. and A. M., Cornell; Ph. D., Syracuse. Studied social 
 and charitable institutions in the United States and in Europe. 
 Pastor of People's Church, St. Paul, since 1888. Member of the 
 S.ate Board of Charities and Corrections; State Board of Visitors; 
 school board of St, Paul, and Board of Regents of the University, 
 January 7. 1898 to 1901. Professor of sociology. University. 1890 to 
 date. Author of Retribution and other addresses; The Industrial 
 Conflict; papers and address in reports of proceedings of National 
 Charities and Corrections; National Prison Association, etc,; ar- 
 ticles in magazines and reviews. 125 College avenue, St. Paul. 
 
 SNELL, Edith — Instructor in mathematics, geography and his- 
 tory, 1903 to date, school of agriculture. 403 Dewey avenue, St. 
 Paul. 
 
 SNEVE, Harold — ^Lecturer on mechano-therapy, 1899-02. 
 SNYDER, Harry— Born January 26. 1867, Cherry Valley, N. T. 
 Herkimer Academy. N. Y. ; Clinton Liberal Institute, F^. Plains, 
 N. Y.; Cornell, 1889, with special honors in chemistry; private 
 assistant to Dr. Caldwell, head of chemistry department, 1888-89; 
 instructor in analytical chemistry', Cornell; 1889-90; assistant chem- 
 ist. Cornell University experiment station, 1890-91; professor of 
 agriculture chemistry and chemistry of the experiment station, 
 University, 1891 to present time. Also profe.=sor of soils since 1906. 
 Author of Chemistr>- of Plant and Animal Life; Dairy Chemistry; 
 Soils and Fertilizers; and numerous minor bulletins issued by the 
 station. Fellow of the American Association for the Advance- 
 ment of Science; member of the Society for the promotion of 
 Agricultural Science; Sigma Xi; Associate in Nutrition investi- 
 gation being conducted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
 2090 Commonwealth avenue, St. Anthony Park, Minn.
 
 1 86 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 SOCIETAS LATIN A— A society in tlie depai-tment of Latin, 
 having- for its special aim tlie securing of greater proficiency in 
 reading and writing Latin. 
 
 SOLDIERS' MEDAL-— See Student Soldier Memorial Monu- 
 ment. 
 
 SOLENBERGER, Edward D. — Lecturer in economics, 1905-06. 
 
 SONDERGAARD, Hans T.— Born October 10, 1S67, Bendstrup, 
 Gram, North Schlesvig, Europe. Attended Waterloo Business Col- 
 lege; North Indiana Normal; graduate University school of agri- 
 culture. Assistant instructor in butter making, 1899-04, Dairy 
 school; instructor in cultures and starters, '04-05, instructor in 
 creamery work, 1905 to date. Litchfield, Minn. 
 
 SORORITIES AT M I N NESOTA— Alpha Phi, Alpha Xi Delta, 
 Delta Delta Delta, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Kappa Alpha 
 Theta, Kappa Kappa Gamma. Omego Psi (inter-sorority, local, 
 extinct), Pi Beta Phi, Sigma Alpha Delta (junior inter-sorority), 
 Sigina Tau Ca permanent local society of senior young women). 
 
 SPANISH, CLUB, The — An organization of faculty and stu- 
 dents who are specially interested in Spanish language and litera- 
 ture, for the purpose of furthering their knowldege of the same, 
 the same. 
 
 SPAULDING. Salthiel M. — -Pi'ofessor (homeopathic) of mental 
 and nervous diseases, ISSS-SJ. 
 
 SPAULDING, W. M. — Instructor in appliances for the treat- 
 ment of cleft palate, 1890-91. 
 
 SPENCER, E. C— Professor of surgical anatomy, 1888-91. 
 
 SPENCER, Herbert R. — Lecturer on admiralty law, 1893-1904. 
 
 SPOKANE, Wash. — An alumni organization is maintained in 
 Spokane, Miss Lilian Siegler, '96, who lives at 1223 4th avenue, 
 is secretary. 
 
 SPRAGUE, Daniel W. — Accountant and recorder of the experi- 
 ment station, 1887-1890; accounting office, 1890-04; assistant in ac- 
 counting office 1904 to date. New York State Normal School; 
 Pompey Academy, N. Y. , Bryant & Shelton Commercial College. 
 Taught forty-five terms. 509 Eighth avenue soutneast. 
 
 SPRINGER, Frank W. — Scholar in electrical engineering, 1895- 
 97; instructor in same. 1897-1900; assistant professor 1900 to date. 
 B. E. E., University, 1893; E. E. '98. Author of articles for engi- 
 neering journals, including special reports upon extended investi- 
 gations into the sparking devices of gas engines. 1206 Fifth street 
 southeast. 
 
 STADON, John H. — Assistant in pharmacy laboratory, 1906- 
 1907. Graduate of the University college of pharmacy. 
 
 STANDING TAX LEVY — The University receives a consid- 
 erable portion of its income for current expenses from the tax 
 levy of 23-100 of a mill. This plan was first adopted by the Legis- 
 lature of 1893, and was to go into force August 1st, 1894. The 
 tax was then fixed at 15-100 of a mill and was afterwards changed 
 to 23-100 of a mill. It was evidently the intention of the legisla- 
 ture to have this tax levied and collected and in the treasury to 
 the credit of the University on the first day of the fiscal year 
 next en.'iuing, and to this end, there was appropriated $60,000 
 as an emergency measure to provide for the one year that must 
 ensue before this plan could lie put into operation. Governor 
 Nelson vetoed this item in the appropriation bill and the Univer- 
 sity was without resources to pay its professors, salaries and cur- 
 reiit expense bills. The state auditor ruled that the money wluch
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 187 
 
 liaa b=en received from the levy was available as soon ^fjt vras 
 n thP trea-urv and all auditors who have come after him have 
 ^nni, /thts Drac^Re The legislatures also, seven of which have 
 
 / rMnvtnffal"o accounts for the actual surplus which exists 
 
 Fir HHSin ts^J'SoS-r ,^;= =~ 
 i:-oS;i4:?ur\^^cf?,T^'te^s.v.rpoS■r.'S^rro^ 
 
 the purpose specified. •,- ■ „ 
 
 STAPLES, Franklin-Professor of the practice of medicine, 
 
 Staples, Henry U.-Born September ^1. lB59^Wales Main^. 
 Limerick, Me., Academy; Bowdoin, A. B., 1881, M. ^■'^°°^'t^- 
 B Se Medical School, 1886; graduate work in New York City, 
 and Vienna Had exper ence in common and high schools In- 
 tttictcr"r medfcal Latin. 1S90-9- instructor in cUnical medicine 
 189->-% p^of^ssor of clinical medicine, 1896 to date. Author of 
 pipers 'pubUshed in medical Journals. 430 Oak Grove street. 40o 
 Andrus building. 
 
 STEARNS, Ozora P., Duluth-Appointed regent Deoen.t^|r 1. 
 1890 re-appointed 1901, and resigned March 26, 189o. Born a.t ue 
 Kaib St. Lawrence County, New York, on the 13th of January, 1831 
 The family removed to Lake county, Ohio, where he passed his 
 boyhood In 1858 he graduated with honors at tiie Umversity of 
 MTchigan In 1860, he graduated from the Law Department of 
 ?Je same universit;. The same year he came to Minnesota where 
 he opened a law office at Rochester, later moving to Duluth. 
 STEELE, Franklin, Fort Snelling— Regent 1851-1860. 
 STEVENS, H. F.— I;ecturer on the law of real property, 1889- 
 97, on law of trusts, 1897-98. 
 
 STEVENS, Homer W.— Librarian of the college of law. 190o 
 to date. 
 
 STEVENS, John H., St. Anthony— Regent 1853-1858. 
 STEVENS SEMINARY— See Agricultural land grant. 
 STEWART, J. Clark— Born October 21, 1854, Camden. N. J. 
 First man to enter the freshman class of the University 1871, 
 B S and C. E., 187i5; College of Physicians and Surgeons M.D., 
 1884 Taught chemistry and astronomy, University. 187o-(b ±^0- 
 fessor of histology. University, at the organization of college of 
 medicine and surgery; later made professor "^ Pathology and 
 later still, professor of principles of surgery. Author of contribu- 
 tions to American Practice of Surgery, now in press; also numer- 
 ous contributions to the current medical literature. Member of 
 the American Medical Association; Western Gynecological Asso- 
 eiation; and State and County Medical Societies; also Minnesota 
 Academy of Medicine. 1628 Fifth avenue south. 
 
 STOMBERG, Andrew Adin— Born March 29. 1871. Car%-er. Minn. 
 B A.. Gu.sUivus Adolphus, St. Peter. 1895; M. S.. University. 1896; 
 graduate work at Leipzig. 1897-98; Austin Fellow. Harvard. 1904- 
 05 Professor of history and political science, Gustavus Adolphus 
 College 1898-1907. Professor of Scandinavian languages and lit- 
 erature's, since October 3, 1907. Engaged in newspaper work in 
 St Paul part of 1896-97; travelled in Europe as correspondent for 
 tlie Minneapolis Journal. 1897. 709 Delaware street southeast.
 
 - l88 " DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 STONE, Alexander Johnston — Born September 7, 1845, Wis- 
 casset, Me. Abbott's School and Oak Grove Seminary, Me., Eng- 
 lish and Classical School, Newton, Mass.; Harvard Medical; Bow- 
 doin Medical; and Pittstield Medical colleges. Considerable experi- 
 ence in common school teaching. Has been connected with vari* 
 ous medical institutions. Professor of gynecology, since the or- 
 ganization of the department, in 18S8. Editor of Northwestern 
 Medical and Surgical Journal and Northwestern Lancet, for nearly 
 thirty years; articles and correspondence for other journals. Ex- 
 president of Ramsey County Medical, State Medical, Northwestern 
 Editors' Assocation and Association of Military Surgeons of the 
 U. S. ; twice vice-president of the American Medical Association, 
 Surgeon General N. G. S. M.; and at present member of the State 
 Board of Health. 120 Lowry building, St. Paul. 
 
 STRANGE, Dalston P. — Instructor in agriculture and natural 
 science, 1872-73; assistant professor of agriculture 1873-74. 
 
 STRICKLER, D. A. — Professor (homeopathic) of ophthalmology 
 and otologj-, lSSS-95. 
 
 STRICKLER, O. C, New Ulm — Appointed regent February 7, 
 1901, and sei-ved to March 1907. Physician, New Ulm, Minn. 
 
 STRONG MEN — The Universty for several years was entered 
 in the strong men's contests among the colleges of the United 
 States. Each year Minnesota was among the leaders, and in 1900- 
 01, had a liberal lead over all others. The records for the years 
 when Minnesota w^as in the competition, are as follows: 1898-99, 
 M. Ferch, '242.4 kilos; 1899-00, R. W. Allis, 1558.8 kilos; 1900-01, R. 
 »v. Allis, 17S2.S kilos. 
 
 STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, The— Was organized 
 in the year 1S69-70 by a few of the students and faculty — Pro- 
 fessor Jabez Brooks and the late Professor Moses Marston being 
 prii e movers in the enterprise. The association was incorporated, 
 under the laws of the state, in October 1883. The object of tne 
 .society being to unite Christians, of whatever denomination, for 
 the purpose of spiritual development and also for a more effective 
 moral influence throughout the University. Its constitution ex- 
 pressly forbids me exclusion of any person on sectarian grounds, 
 and in its Articles of Incorporation is found the following state- 
 ment: "It shall be forever free from denominational control or 
 influence," thus giving it the broadest basis of activity. 
 
 With the growth of the organization it became more and more 
 evident to all interested in its success, that a permanent place 
 should be provided for holding all meetings — social and religious. 
 In 1883, at the suggestion of Professor Marston, a subscription 
 was opened, and subsequently the consent of the board of regents 
 was secured to erect a building on the University campus. It 
 was thought that $10,000 would be sufficient to cover the ex- 
 pense of a suitable building, and after the subscriptions had been 
 started among the faculty and student-body, the work was taken 
 up by President Northrop and- Professor Geo. E. McLean, and 
 $12,000 was secured for the purpose. 
 
 The building is located on the college campus, the first to the 
 right as the main gateway is entered. It is a two-story brown 
 stone sti-ucture, consisting of a main floor and a high basement, 
 the entrance facing the walk from University avenue to the main 
 building. The main floor consists of three parlors that can be 
 thrown into one large lecture room. On the lower floor are 
 kitchen, game rooms and toilet room. The building was dedica- 
 ted June 6, 1888. 
 
 In the early days of the University, when thi.s was the only 
 religious organization in the University, the work done by this
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 189 
 
 association played a large part in University life. Active religious 
 work was kept up and a course of lectures was provided, at which 
 first class speakers were always to be heard. For four years, this 
 course of lectures was provided through the courtesy of the First 
 Congregational Church, which footed the bills. The association 
 continued to thrive until about the end of the eighties, when the 
 religious work, formerly done through this association, was largely 
 taken over by the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian 
 Associations, this association being an incorporated body continues 
 to exist in form and holds the building which it has leased ^.o 
 the Young Men's Christian Association and which has been occu- 
 pied by them since 1889. 
 
 STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BU I LDi NG— This 
 building was erected in ISSS at a cost of $1-J,OUO, by private sub- 
 scription. It was dedicated June G, ISSS. The building is a single 
 story and high basement building. IIJ provides, reading rooms, 
 offices, ' assembly rooms, game rooms, bath, toilet rooms. Since 
 1889 it has been rented by the Young Men's Christian Association, 
 who carry on their work for the student body using this build- 
 ing as headquarters. It is built of red sandstone, the side to- 
 wards the campus being bricked up. It was thought, at the time 
 the building was constructed, that it would be but a few years 
 before a large addition would be made to the building. 
 
 STUDENTS' GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION— An organization 
 of young women of the University, founded in January 1907, for 
 the purpose of the self-government of every member of the asso- 
 ciation, in respect to Alice Shevlin Hall, and, subject to the author- 
 ity of the board of regents, to manage all affairs relating to Alice 
 Shevlin Hall. Every young woman in the University is considered 
 a mimiber of this association. 
 
 STUDENTS' HANDBOOK — This is published by the Young 
 Mens and Young Women's Christan Associations of the Uni- 
 versity and is for free distribution to those interested. It is is- 
 sued in the form of a vest pocket memorandum book and is full 
 of information of value to students. 
 
 STUDENTS' LIBERAL ASSOCIATION, The — This association 
 was organized January 25, 1SS7, and its avowed object a union of 
 the student body, irrespective of creed or belief, to establish upon 
 a broad and catholic basis, a course of lectures upon moral and 
 religious topics. 
 
 STUDENT PASTOR — The Episcopal churches of Minneapolis 
 are supporting a student pastor of that denomination at the Uni- 
 versity. The Rev. Stanley Kilbourne, '03, took up his work, in 
 connection with tihe work of the Bishop Gilbert Society in the 
 fall of 19U7. 
 
 STUDENT SOLDIER MEMORIAL MONUMENT, The— The 
 project to erect such a monument had its l)eginning with the 
 appointment of a committee to secure and send Christmas pres- 
 ents to the students members of the 13th Minnesota which was 
 then stationed in Manila. After the presents 'had been forwarded, 
 Professor Arthur Edwin Haynes, conceived the notion of sending 
 to every student, and former student of the University, who had 
 enlisted and served in the war with Spain, a simple medal of 
 honor, as a token of appreciaton of the faculty and students of 
 the University. This was done and two hundred eig*hteen of these 
 medals were struck off and presented to those entitled to them. 
 The idea kept growing in the mind of this enthusiastic patriot 
 who wrote a letter to the board of regents and made the first 
 donation of "$10 toward a fund for placing on the University cam-
 
 190 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 pus a fitting memorial for tlie former students of the University 
 w'ho served our country, in its army or navy, during the recent 
 war with Spain." In response to his request, a committee was 
 appointed, he taeing made tlie cliairman, the otiier members being 
 Governor Samuel R. VanSant, John S Pillsbury, and A. E. Rice. 
 
 Soldiers' Monument. 
 
 The active work of securing a design, making plans and soliciting 
 funds was begun at once, and upon Professor Haynes fell the 
 real burden of carrying the work through to completion, the 
 monument being unveiled and dedicated on Memorial day 1'j06.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. igi 
 
 The sculptor, Theo. Alice Ruggles-Kltsoii, the most famous 
 woman sculptor this country has produced, threw her heart into 
 this piece of work in a way that made it one of her best. It is 
 notable not only for what it commemorates but as a wonderful 
 work of art. The statue of bronze stands nine feet high, six 
 Inches above heroic size and portrays the soldier of 1S9S. See 
 illustration. Cost, almost exactly $G000. The pedestal is of Ver- 
 mont green granite and stands six feet high, weighing about seven 
 tons. On the , pedestal is a bronze table bearing the words — 
 "Erectjed in honor of the students of the University who served 
 their country in the war with Spain, 1898-9." 
 
 The monument is located opposite the entrance to the Armory. 
 On either side of the entrance to the Armory, facing the monu- 
 ment, is a bronze tablet, the two bearing the names of two hun- 
 dred eighteen men, giving their regiment and rank. On the base 
 of the tower, by the main entrance is a smaller tablet which has 
 the following inscription — 
 
 "Brave souls survive the storms of shot and flame, 
 
 Their furloughs blossom in eternal fame." 
 
 Our Soldier Heroic Dead. 
 
 C. E. Payson Colwell, 13th, Minn. Vol. Inf. 
 Harry L. Currier, Corp., 13th Minn. Vol. Inf. 
 George H. Edwards, Q. M. Sergt., 3d Wis. Vol. Inf. 
 August Foss, Corp., 2nd Neb. Vol. Eng. 
 T. P. A. Howe, 1st Sergt., 1st Mont. Vol. Inf. 
 Charles McClure, Jr., 1st Lt.. 30th U. S. Inf. 
 Sidney Pratt, 13th Minn. Vol. Inf. 
 Olaf H. Rask, 1st Lt., 14th Minn. Vol. Inf. 
 Fred C. O. Stmith, Sergt., 1.5th Minn. Vol. Inf. 
 Unselfishness is a divine virtue: 
 No unselfish life is ever lived 
 In vain; it will have its effect 
 in uplifting the world. 
 Men may forget such lives, 
 but they are treasured forever 
 in the memory of God. 
 In so far as humanity perpetuates 
 the memory of these lives, does it 
 exalt itself. 
 STUDENTS' TRUST FUND— The class of 1902, of the school 
 of agriculture, left with the school a fund of $100 "to assist by 
 temporary loans at a reasonable rate of interest, deserving stu- 
 dents needing such help, who are not below the B class in the 
 school. This fund is in charge of a committee consisting of the 
 secretary, the principal, the preceptress, and the president of the 
 A class. 
 
 STUMM, Thomas Wesley— Born 1872, Cartersville. 111. B. S.. 
 1897; M. T>.. Rush Medical, 1901; interne Cook County hospital. 
 Chicago. 1901-03; graduate work in Vienna. 1903-04. Three years 
 experience in common schools. Clinical assistant in medicine since 
 1904. Author of Spastic Constipation; Diagostic Significance of 
 Albumen and Casts in Urine; Pathology of Syringomelia; Infiuenza; 
 Some Remarks on Gastric Ulcer; The Diagnosis of Organic Dis- 
 eases of the Stomach. Lowry building. St. Paul. 
 
 SUDDUTH, W. Xaxier — Bora in Illinois in 38.j3. Graduate of 
 Illinois Wesleyan university. 1S73, from which institution he re- 
 ceived the degree of M. A. Graduate of Philadelphia dental college, 
 1881. Studied at Heidelberg and Berlin and in Vienna, 1S88-S9. 
 Lectured on pathology and hygiene at the University of Iowa.
 
 University Summer School 
 
 Under the direction of the Stale 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 
 Six Weeks Annual Session— Minneapolis 
 
 June, July 
 
 Elementary Section 
 
 Courses are offered in all the 
 subjects, required for the 
 first grade teachers' certifi- 
 cate and successful students 
 may gain credit in two 
 studies, exempting them 
 from later examination. 
 Arithmetic, civil govern- 
 ment, composition, gram- 
 mar, geography, history, 
 penmanship, physiology, 
 reading, algebra, plane geo- 
 metry, physics, physical 
 geography and agriculture. 
 
 College Section 
 
 Courses in all the subjects re- 
 quired for the'first grade pro- 
 fessiona certificate: — Alge- 
 bra, astronomy, botany, 
 chemistry, economics, geol- 
 ogy, solid geometry, history, 
 literature, physics, psychol- 
 ogy, rhetoric, trigonometry, 
 and zoology, with profession- 
 al courses in the history, the- 
 ory and practice of education. 
 Additional courses in 
 French, German, Latin and 
 bookkeeping. 
 
 SPECIAL COURSES in rural and graded school 
 methods, in school organization and law, in the his- 
 tory of education, educational psychology, secondary 
 education, and general pedagogy. 
 
 ADVANCED COURSES in drawing, music and 
 physical culture, in sewing, cooking, nature study and 
 manual training. 
 
 CREDITS gained in the college section are good toward 
 graduation in the University of Minnesota. 
 
 For Bulletin, address the 
 Registrar, University of Minnesota.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 193 
 
 In 1890 entered ..pon his work at the University as secretary of 
 *he college of dentistry and professor of embryology, oral surgery 
 and pathology; dtan, 1802-95. 
 
 SUMMER SCHOOL-In 1881 the University offered for the 
 first time summer courses in science for teachers and others mter- 
 estediu subjects offered. The -W-ts offered at that session were 
 botany chemistry, geology, mineralogy and zoology, ihe course 
 Sten^ed through the month of July. The attendance was forty- 
 tvvo InlSs'the school was continued and the subjects of botany 
 eeo lo-y Geunan, English, rhetoric and elocution were oifered and 
 f'e a tendance was seventy-three. In 1883 the school offered 
 courses m geology, chemistry. French and didactics. Professor 
 Hall had special charge of the school. . , ,. . „..„ 
 In 189'^ the state department of public instruction made pro- 
 vision t^Jr ' holding a sunm.er ..chool at the University. Provision 
 was made for giving the worlv in two sections, a university sec- 
 tion to provide thi training required by the teachers in high 
 schools v^ho desired further training in the subjects they were 
 to teach or to carry work in the same lines of university grade 
 and elementary, for the training of teachers tor the grades. The 
 school has been carried along on substantially these lines to the 
 present time. The work of the university section has been devel- 
 oped and advanced until it represents real uniyersity grade of 
 vL-k The University is not officially connected with the school 
 save for the fact that it furnishes its buildings and equipment for 
 the use of the school and the further fact that the faculty of the 
 University section is largely made up of University professors and 
 instructors The attendance has been as fohows: 189-, 741, lS9d, 
 489 1894 lOOS; x895, 1217; 1896, 1234; 1897. 1245; 1898. 1187; 1899. 
 1015- 1900 1019; 1901, 931; 1902, 1105; 1903, 818; 1904, 863; 1905, 868; 
 1906' 1019- 19U7, 1035. The school, while under the general direction 
 of tiie department of public instruction, is under the direct super- 
 V sion and management of the University department of education 
 The University work completed in this school is accepted for credit 
 on t' e various University courses. The attendance i" the Univer- 
 sity section has been as follows: 1892. ; 1893, 148; 1894, 243, 
 
 1895 234 1896 257; 1897. 302; 1898, 380; 1899, 389; 1900. 290; 1901. 
 237;'l902.'31S; 1903, 212; 1904. 210'; 1905. 269; 1906. 256; 1907, 332. 
 
 SUPREME COURT LAW LIBRARY— A rare and unique addition 
 to the law librarv was secured by the donation of Judge Collins and 
 former Attorney-General Childs to the University of all the briefs 
 and paper books in the cases argued in the supreme court of Minne- 
 sota since 1883, making a fine collection of over five hundred bound 
 volumes. 
 
 SUTHERLAND, Helen— Preceptress and assistant professor of 
 Latin, lSTl-<6. 
 
 SWEENEY, Arthur— Professor of medical jurisprudence, 1897 to 
 dote. Uowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 SWEET, John C— Lecturer on mortgage foreclosure, 1897. 
 SWEETSER, H. B.- Clinical professor of diseases of children, 
 1898-99. 
 
 SWEITZER, Samuel B.— Clinical assistant in dermatology and 
 genito-urinary diseases 1905 to date. 1729 Irving avenue south. 
 
 SWENSON, David Ferdinand — Born in Sv.eden. 1876. B. S., 
 Univcr^^itv 1S9S; graduate student. 1898-02; same Columbia. 1905-06. 
 Tau-ht in' ar ungraded school, 1893-94. Assistant in philosophy. 
 1899-0-^ • instructor, same. 1902-07. assistant professor, same, 1907 
 to date Columbia University, was assistant in charge of classes
 
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 TELEPHONES: 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 195 
 
 in Barnard Colkge and Cjlumbia College; frequent lecturer in 
 Swedish and English, to young people; contributing editor on 
 Veckobladt, a Minneapolis Swedish weekly. Author of reviews 
 and articles in various philosophical and psychological journals. 
 Member of Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Western Philosophical Asso- 
 ciation, American Philosophical Association. 3101 Sixteenth avenue 
 south. 
 
 SWENSON. L. S., Albert Lea— Appointed regent March 1895 
 served until his successor was appointed in May, 1897. Born in 
 Nicollet, Minn., in 1865. Graduated from Lufher College, Decorah, 
 Iowa, in 1886. Post graduate of Johns Hopkins, 1887. Appointed 
 principal of Luther ncademy in 1888. Later in the United States 
 consular service. 
 
 SWIFT, Fletcher Harper — Assistant professor of education 1907 
 to date. Author of The Most Beautiful Thing in the World; 
 Joseph: a drama for children. 505 Eighth avenue southeast. 
 
 SWIFT, Henry A., St. Peter — Regent ex-offlcio March 4 to july 
 i:;, 15';:"., and governor July 11, 1SG3 to January 11, 1864. 
 
 TALES OF THE OLD UNIVERSITY TIMES — Gopher of 1892, 
 pp. 272-276. 
 
 TATE, James M.— Born December 10, 1852, Mercer county. 111. 
 Public schools of Illinois. Long practical experience as a pattern 
 maker and in constructing and erection of machinery. Instructor 
 in woodwork and pattern making and foundry practice, University, 
 1890 to 1907. Author of text-book on Manual Training, Foundry 
 Practice. 
 
 TAYLOR, N. C. D., Taylors Fails — Regent 1851-154. 
 
 TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES— This certificate is granted to all 
 graduates of the college of education, who have maintained a good 
 average of scholarship through four years of college work. Gradu- 
 ates of the college of literature, science and the arts, Who have 
 maintained a good average of scholarship through four years, re- 
 ceive the certifieate. if they secoure one "major" recommendation 
 and have completed one course in general psycholog>-, and three 
 courses in education. 
 
 This certificate has been granted to 1131 persons, including the 
 class of 1907. 
 
 TELESCOPE — The students' astronomical observatory contains 
 a ten and one-half inch refracting telescope furnished with a third 
 lens for converting it into a photographic telescope; a filar microm- 
 eter, a spectroscope by Brashear; a students' meridian circle and 
 zenith telescope; a Repsold photographic measuring machine, a 
 chronog'-aph, and astronomical clocks. 
 
 THALER, Joseph A. — Instructor in engineering mathematics, 
 1900->)1. Instructor in drawing. 1902-03. Graduate of the college 
 of engineering, class of 1900. Now professor of electrical engineer- 
 ing in Montana agricultural college, Bozema,n, Mont. 
 
 THALIAN LITERARY CLUB, THE— Began at an informal 
 meeting of half a dozen young women who met in Professor Com- 
 stock's room lo study modern (uamatists and their plays. One 
 year the lyric dramas were studied, another year the great operas. 
 The work is varied and supplemented by talks by members of the 
 faculty and prominent musicians. Meetings bi-weekjy. The 
 social interests of its; iv.embers are not neglected and social fea- 
 tures are fro(|uently added to the regular programs. 
 
 THETA DELTA CHI— Tau Deuteron charge established in 1892. 
 Founded at I'nion college in 1848. Chapter house, 100 Beacon 
 street southeast.
 
 10 " DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 THETA EPSILON LITERARY SOCIETY, TH E— Organized in 
 
 February, 19O0, by young women of the University for tiie study 
 of current literature. Its object lias been to strive to promote an 
 earnest and sincere appreciation of the best things in the world of 
 books, and tjrue fellowship among its members. 
 
 THETA PHI FRATERNITY— A local fraternity which was 
 establi.-hed in 1S79 and which afterward became, Friday, May 22, 
 1891, the Nu chapter of the Psi Upsilon. The name Theta Phi 
 was not adopted until the spring of 1881, at which time steps were 
 taken to secure a society pin. A pin was adopted and members 
 ■of the society first wore them at the annual Thanksgiving recep- 
 tion of that year. 
 
 THOMAS, EDITH— Insauctor in chemistry, 1902-03. Graduate 
 of the University class of 1902, M. A., 1903. Died in 1903. 
 
 THOMAS. Uriah, Minneapolis— Regent February 28, 1860, to 
 August 17, 1863. Died October, 1865, at Doylestown, Penn. Born 
 Norristo'.vn, Pa. Came to Minnesota in 1853. 
 
 THOMAS, William I.— Instructor in rhetoric, 1903-04. 
 
 THOMPSON, Edwin J., Rushford — Appointed regent 1869, re- 
 appointed 1S70, resigning the same year to accept an appointment 
 to the University faculty as professor of mathematics and astron- 
 omy, which position 'he held until the end of the college year, 
 1879-80. Entered the ministry of the Presbyterian church and 
 continued tlierein until his death, January 23, 1907. He was born 
 in Vermont in 1834. He was educated at Middlebury college. For 
 two years was president of Albany college. 
 
 THOMPSON, John — Assistant in agriculture, experiment station, 
 1902-03. 
 
 TH ULAN IAN CLUB — An organization of students and pro- 
 fessors of ^Norwegian descent for mutual pleasure and helpfulness. 
 It is practically a Norwegian fraternity. 
 
 TIFFANY, Francis B. — Lecturer on criminal law, 1894-98. 
 
 TILDEN, Josephine Elizabeth — Born Davenport, la. Received 
 .'her training in the Minneapolis city grades and central high school. 
 B. 9., University, 1895; assistant in botany, 1896-98; instructor, 
 1898-03; arsistant professor 1903 to date. Spent the summers of 
 1901 to 1907 at the Minnesota seaside station at Port Renfrew, 
 Vancouver Island, B. C. Published Fresh-water Algae in Minne- 
 sota; a contribution to the bibliography of American Algae, 1895; 
 papers on Calcareous Algae. Hot-Spring Algae, Yellowstone Al- 
 gae, Vancouver Island Algae, Hawaiian Algae, etc. 
 
 TILLIKUM CLUB, THE — An organization whose object is to 
 promote acquaintance among the fraternity men of the class of 
 1909. 
 
 TIMES GOOD ROADS PRIZES— The prizes were offered but 
 once, in 1892. These prizes consisted of three gold medals, which 
 were won by Mark Woolery, Jessie Stevens and N. B. Nelson. 
 
 TITLES AND SALARI E9— The University has no clearly defined 
 system of designating the rank of a member of its teaching staff 
 by an appropriate title. The title "professor," for example, may 
 Indicate the head of a department or any one of three or four other 
 members of that same department of varying lengths of service. 
 The one in charge of a deparment may be an "assistant professor," 
 or, in rare cases, even an "instructor." Likewise titles have no 
 relation to salaries. There is no system of minimums and no 
 provision for regularity of advances. All advances are made by 
 specific action in individual cases.
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. I97 
 
 TODD, Frank C. — Born 1869, Minneapolis. Public schools, man- 
 ual training schools, St. Louis, two years academic, University; 
 D. D. S., University, 1891; M. D., 1892, graduate work in eye, ear, 
 nose and throat, in America and Europe. Clinical assistant and 
 instructor, eye and ear, 1894-98; clinical professor eye and ear, 
 1898-02; professor of diseases of eye and ear, 1902 to date. Author 
 of a method of performing tenotomy, which enables the operator 
 to limit the effects as required, 1907; Fourth of July casualties and 
 what can be done in Minneapolis toward their suppression, 1907; 
 Some points relating to oral cavity to the eye, ear, nose and throat, 
 1906; The ripenin<joperations for immature senile cataract; Its place, 
 190'6; Removal of foreign bodies from the cornea, 1905; Extirpation 
 of the faucial tonsil, 1905; The removal of iron and steel from oth- 
 er parts of the body than the eye, by the use of the giant magnet, 
 with reports of two cases, 1904; Mastoid abscess, its cause and 
 prevc^ntion, 1902; A secure advancement operation performed with 
 the aid of a new tendon tucker, simple method of suturing the 
 tendons in ennuoleation, 1901; Mules' operation, 1901; Determining 
 factor in tlve diagnosis of a mastoid abscess, with remarks upon 
 treatm'ent, 190O; Fibers from the homina cribrosa extending out 
 from the optic disc over the retina, 1900; The examination of school 
 children's sight and hearing, 1904; An exact and secure tucking 
 operatam for advancing an ocular muscle; Teaching ophthalmology 
 to undergraduates, 1902; School sanitation, relation to sight and 
 hearing; Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis; Improved tendon 
 tuckers; The physiological and pathological pupil, 1898; The result 
 of the systemtic examination of the sight and hearing of the 
 school children of Minneapolis, 1907; PoUinosis (hay fever); Extir- 
 pation of the lachrymal sac. 304 Pillsbury building. 411 Groveland 
 avenue. 
 
 TODD, M. R.— Appointed regent May 7, 1897, resigned Septem- 
 ber 2, 1898. 
 
 TOMHAVE, W. H. — Appointed instructor in animal by-products, 
 college of agrictikurc, 1907, but resigned to take up work in th© 
 State College of Pennsylvania. 
 
 TOUSLEY, Orson V., Minneapolis— Appointed regent 1879 and 
 served until January, 1883. Superintendent of the Minneapolis city 
 schools for fifteen years and appointed state superintendent of 
 public instruction, though he did not accept the appointment. Born 
 at Clarendon, N. Y., March 11, 1834, and died July 18, 1902. Mr. 
 Tousley was known as the "father of the Minneapolis school sys- 
 tem." 
 
 TRACK ATHLETICS — Information concerning track meets is 
 so mfagro and ^n unre'iahlt, that it was thought best to omit en- 
 tirely from this edition. 
 
 TRACK RECORDS for the University — One hundred yard dash, 
 10 seconds flat, by Charles Stephenson, law, in 1897 and 1898. 
 
 Two hundred and twenty yard dash, 22 1-5 seconds, by Charles 
 atephonson, in 1898. 
 
 Four hundred and forty yard dash, 50 1-5 seconds, by O. C. 
 Nelson, in 1897 and 1898. 
 
 Half mile run, 1:59, by Harris, in 1901. 
 
 Mile run. 4:39 4-5, by Bedford, in 1906. 
 
 Mile walk, 7:29, by F. H. Bunnell, 1897. 
 
 One hundred twenty yard hurdle race, 15 4-5, by Bockman, in 
 1902. 
 
 Two hundred twenty yard hurdle. 25 flat, by Bockman. in 1901. 
 
 Mile bicycle, 2:29, ijy L. A. Page, Jr., in 1898. 
 
 Two mile bicycle, 5:57i^, F. A. Erb, in 1896.
 
 ig8 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 High jump, 5 feet 9 inches, Tate, in 1900. 
 Broad jump, 22 feet 5 inches, by Gaines, in 1899. 
 Pole vault, 10 feet 9 inches, by .Furber, in 1901. 
 Hammer, 16 pounds, 115 feet 5 inches, by Mattson, in 1904. 
 Sixteen-pound shot put, 3S feet 2 inches, by Finlayson, in 1896. 
 TREFEHEN, Charles G.— Instructor in rr.etal working, 1887-88. 
 TRIPP, Robert H. — Professor of Latin language and literature. 
 1878-1880. 
 
 TRUFANT, Nellie S. — Scholar in drawing, 1895-96; instructor in 
 freehand drawing 1890-03. 
 
 TRUSSELL, Emma F.— Registrar 1883-84. 
 
 TUCKER, Frederick D. — Principal of the school of agricultui'e, 
 and instructor in mathematics, 1900-03. 
 
 TUITION — At the organization of the University, the theory was 
 that the state should furnish education absolutely free to every- 
 body who came. The only charges made in the early days were 
 a charge of $5 for "incidental" expenses and a fee to cover the cost 
 of laboratory material, in courses w'here such material was used. 
 This so-called, incidental fee, was used to cover petty expenses 
 and was not, until later years turned over to the state, but used 
 during the year and any unexpended balance was turned over to 
 the treasurer of the Uni\'ersity at the close of the year. This 
 plan obtained until 1889, when a law was passed chang- 
 ing the Whole sytem of accounting and requiring all fees to be 
 turned into the stjate treasury. Prior to that time the laboratory 
 fees had been collected by the departnients concerned and expend- 
 ed for supplies to take the place of those consumed. Down to about 
 1890 near relatives of professors or members of the board of regents 
 had been relieved of paying the incidental fee. 
 
 Witn the establis'hment of the strictly profession departments, 
 law and medicine, tuition was fixed on the general understanding 
 that the tuition should pay a considerable portion of the running 
 expenses of these departments, the state furnishing the plant. The 
 law department has always paid its own expenses upon this plan 
 and ha.=; returned a considerable portion of the cost of the plant to 
 the state. The medical department Jias never come up to this 
 standard, tihe necessary expenses of that department being so 
 much higher than those of a college of law. 
 
 In 1898 the academic fee was advanced to $5 a term, or $15 a 
 year. In 1902, it was advanced another $5 a year and made $10 a 
 semester. The same year the regulation was changed concerning 
 non-residents and the fee required of non-residents was doubled. 
 
 Up to 1902, there 'had been no distinction made between stu- 
 dents in the college of engineering and in the college of science, 
 literature and the arts, but in that year thte fee was made sixty 
 dollars a year for residents and twice that for non-residents. 
 This regulation was never put in force, for it was changed during 
 the .'ummer and reduced to one-half that sum, at which figure it 
 remains to this present time. This same regulation applies also 
 to the school.^ of mines and chemistry. 
 
 The tuition for the college of education and agriculture are the 
 same as for the college of science, literature and the arts. 
 
 The fee for the school of agriculture is $.T a year for residents 
 and $10 for non-re.sidents. The total necessary expenses for one 
 .^session at this school are about $85. The daii-y school fee is $16 a 
 term. The fee for the special course for farmers is $10 a term. 
 
 Tuition for the college of law was originally, matriculation fee 
 $10, tuition $30. with a diploma fee of $10, non-rosidents were then 
 charged double the matriculation fee and the annual fee was made
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 19<* 
 
 |3€. In 1892, the plan was changed and the distinction between 
 residents and non-residents was wiped out and the fee increased 
 to $45 a year for tuition. In 1897, the annual fee was increased by 
 $5, making it $50 a year. In 1900, the fee was increased to $60 a 
 year ani! the diploma fee was abolished. Th© fee for graduate 
 work in this college is $20 a year. 
 
 When the department of medicine was established in 1888, the 
 fe?s were fixed as follows: Matriculation fee, residents $10, non- 
 residents, $25; tuition, residents $25, non-residents $35; dissections, 
 $10 a part, or, $10 a body; histologj- and pathologj-, $5 each, other 
 laboratory fees at actual cost ot material. Diploma fee, for all 
 alike, $10. These fees have been changed at various times, but 
 always in the direction of the level fee and the abolition of special 
 fees, until now the tuition fee for the colleges of medicine and 
 surgery and homeopathic medicine and svirgery, are $10^0 a year. 
 The only other fees required are a rental fee for microscopes for 
 those w'ho do not own their own instrument, an examination fee 
 for the removal of conditions, at oiner than the regular time, a 
 caution fee, of $5, returnable at the end of the year less any charge 
 against the depositor for breakage and loss. 
 
 The fee for the college of dentistry is $150 a year. This covers 
 all charge, save the caution fee, $5 a year, returnable unless 
 charges stand against the depositor for breakage. 
 
 The college of pharmacy fee is $165 for the course, payable in 
 varying installments, according as the student does his work in 
 two or three years. A caution fee, $5 a year, is required of stu- 
 aents in this college also. 
 
 TULLER, Charles E. — Appointed regent May 15, 1900. His ap- 
 pointment was never confirmed by the senate and he serv-ed only 
 until his successor was appointed, February lo, 1901. 
 
 TUNSTEAD, Hugh J. — Lecturer (homeopathic) on clinical 
 obstetrics. Iiio2-04; associate professor of obstetrics, 1904 to date. 
 Medical block. 
 
 TUTHILL, James E. — Instructor in history, 1905-06. Grad- 
 uate of the University of Wisconsin. 
 
 TWICHELL, F. E. — Demonstrator in charge of prosthetic 
 clinic and instructor in continuous gum work, 1890-92; instiTictor 
 in continuous gum w^ork and dental art, 1892-93. 
 
 TWINING, Edward H. — Instructor in natural science, pre- 
 paratory department, 1867-69. Professor of chemistry and instruc- 
 tor in French, 1869-71. Member of the first University faculty. 
 
 UBRICH, Henry — Instructor in carpentry, 190G to date. 602 
 Buchanan street northeast. 
 
 ULRICH, Henry L. — Assistant in clinical microscopy, 1902 to 
 date. 519 First avenue south. 
 
 UNIVERSITY, The — The University of Minnesota comprises 
 the following named colleges, schools, and departments: 
 The Graduate School. 
 
 The College of Science, Literature and the Arts 
 The College of Engineering and the Mechanic Arts 
 The School of Mines 
 
 The School of Analytical and Applied Chemistry 
 The College of Education 
 The University Summer School 
 The Department of Agriculture 
 
 The CollcKe of Agriculture 
 
 The School of Agriculttire 
 
 Short Course for Farmers 
 
 The Dairy School
 
 20O 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 The Crookston School of Agriculture 
 The College of Law 
 The Department of Medicine 
 
 The College of Medicine and Surgery 
 
 I'he College of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery 
 
 The College of Dentistry 
 
 The College of Pharmacy 
 
 UNIVERSITY BAND, The — Is an official organization connected 
 with tlie military department! of the University and has been 
 maintained since the department was first organized at this insti- 
 tution. The University provides an instructor who is known as 
 tthe director of the band. The band gives public concerts, plays 
 for the cadet corps on drill days and upon various public occasions 
 about the University. 
 
 UNIVERSITY BULLETINS, The— Published by authority of the 
 board of regents twelve times a year — every four weeks during 
 the University year. Bulletines sent gratuitously, postage paid, to 
 all persons who apply for them. 
 
 UNIVERSITY CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION, The— This is an 
 organization of students of the University, members of fhe Cath- 
 olic ehumh. It v/as organized in 1900 for the purpose of uniting 
 these students in closer bonds of friendship and for promoting 
 the interests of the Catholic church among the students of the 
 Univerity by means of the study of the Bible and the history and 
 doctrines of the Catholic Church. A reception, to new students, 
 is held each fall, and during the year several socials are pro- 
 vided. Membership is open to any University student. 
 
 UNIVERSITY COLORS— Old Gold and Maroon. 
 
 UNIVERSITY CONGRESS, The— An organization of students, 
 mainlj- of the department of politics, for the puriDOse of securing 
 training in extemporaneous debate and the forms of government 
 and administration of public bodies. 
 
 UNIVERSITY, COUNCIL, The — At the meeting of the board 
 of regents held May 31, 1905, a University council was established 
 according to the following plan: 
 
 I. The name of the body shall be the University Council. It 
 shall consist of the president of the University, the deans of the 
 various colleges and schools, one elected representative from each 
 college or school for each four hundred students or major fraction 
 thereof, and one representative of the general alumni association. 
 
 II. The elected members shall serve for a period of one year. 
 T'hey shall be chosen from the various faculties at the time of the 
 selection of standing committees. The representative of the gen- 
 eral alumni association shall be chosen by that body at its annual 
 meeting from among the alumni wiio ai-e not members of the Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 III. The Council shall be authorized to — 
 
 a) Appoint the following committees or fhe faculty representa- 
 tion thereon: 
 
 The University auditing committee 
 
 The University press committee 
 
 The committee on athletics 
 
 The committee on University relations to other institutions 
 of higher learning. 
 
 The committee on liealth and sanitation 
 
 The committee on commencement and other University func- 
 tions 
 
 The committiee on catalogue, programs and courses of study
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 201 
 
 The committee on student -tertain-ents and soci^ 
 And such other committees as the general bniverbi y 
 "^'S)'Recetve reports from such committees and to make such 
 recommendations as may be required. general rniversity 
 
 c) Consider and act upon any "^^"er ot g ^.^^ ^^^ ^^ 
 
 interest beyond the Province of a sing elacu y ^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 reterrcd TO it by ihc president of the nnu^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 IV. The Council shall hold f ^J^d meeung p ^^^^ ^^^^^ 
 Monday of October. DecembeiApnl and June 
 meetings as the president of the \^^^/™ ";?, WAR-The to- 
 
 UNIVERSITY IN THE SPANlSH-AMER CAN W^^^ 
 tal number of alumni and students ^v ho se.v ed in ^^^. ^^ ^^^ 
 Spair. was. 21S. Of this numbei o. ^veie in ^'^^ ^^.^^^^ officers; 
 time of enlistment. o3 '•e^^'^tj^^^^^^t^^^^fihr University enlisted: 
 there were 165 privates. ^S graduates oi in ^^^^^^ enlisted 
 
 13'5 of those enlisted have ^,^^^^,^,^f!f ^^^m the University either 
 S^rer slSrih^-r'^On^Jn^an^^^^ ser.-ing in the civ- 
 
 rwTr has Since enrolh^d in ^^^^ ^,_,, organization 
 
 ^^^.tftSe^-^-^ef J^^S^st^o -e general University 
 
 public, organized in -~:^'^'^^;^\,,^ Hmited amount of 
 UNIVERSITY ^^^^^^^'l^^Z°n^trelitZions times, by 
 University f^^^^f^^^^" ^^^.^^e^/sity. The amount of regular class 
 fo^m^^r^ andThe"\lrie"cIalsel have made the development of 
 this "department impracticable. organization of men 
 
 UNIVERSITY PRESS .CLUB T, J^ '^ ; ^^g^ student report- 
 
 '"L'n.VERSITV quartet. T.e-A musl^aj^ "TmSSi. "seS 
 UNIVERSITY SOHOUARSH,PS_-.t ^= t»^e P» UcV o^' 'l.-^^^.s. 
 
 -"?' ';r.?aP„,.en., are ™-e ■,>.... K»eut>v^e Co.„,U.ee ,, 
 the board ot regents, upon t e ^^^^'^ ^^ approval by the 
 
 ment in which the apPomti.ie:.t i^ desirea 41 ^ graduate or 
 
 faculty: 2. Recipients of scholarships ma, be e^t^^ .^^^^^^^ ^^ 
 undergraduate st^^^ents 3. Ihe scholars p^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ p^^_ 
 
 ssr i^^^i^ ^^^|^S^i^a?r:? a^atu;;risSt 
 
 ?. ;;;SlttS;r:fTmSe?^^^e: L: of wonc in ^e depart- 
 men in which the scholarship is provided. 
 
 UNIVERSITY SONG. The-The Uni^-eisUy song Ha.^ Mi^^^^ 
 sota, was originally \he class song of the class of 1^ ^^^^^^^ 
 
 so appealed to the student hod> that it soon ^^ ^^^^ 
 
 consent, considered the Unn-ersity son The^s^e^co^ ^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^-;iti^^^/ir^/|;£^^^^----, - -s 
 
 ropSTanra^s^onl-^-err wriftin by'^Arthur Upson. '05, was
 
 202 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 suibstituted therefor. T'he song as it is now sung, consists o£ 
 the first verse of the original, composed by Truman Ricliard, '04, 
 in collaboration with Rev. E. W. Shurtleff, and the second verse 
 from the pen of Mr. Upson. The music was composed by Mr. 
 Rickard. 
 
 Hail! Minnesota. 
 Minnesota, hail to thee, 
 
 Hail to thee our college dear; 
 Thy light shall ever be 
 
 A beacon bright and clear; 
 Thy sons and daughters true 
 
 Will proclaim thee near and far; 
 They will guard thy fame 
 
 And adore thy name; 
 Thou s'halt be their Northern Star. 
 
 Like the stream that bends to sea 
 
 Like the pine that seeks the blue; 
 Minnesota, still for thee 
 
 Thy sons are strong and true. 
 From thy woods and waters fair; 
 
 From thy prairies waving far, 
 At thy call they throng 
 
 With their shout and song 
 Hailing thee their Northern Star. 
 See Minnesota Alumni Weekly of April 22, 1907, page 10. 
 
 UNIVERSITY SPRING, The — In the early days of the Uni- 
 versity this spring was used to supply water to the University, 
 a hydraulic ram raising the water to the buildings. Later the use 
 of the hydraulic ram was discontinued and the class of 1885 built 
 a wall about the spring and fixed it up as a memorial. The spring 
 was the source of drinking-water supply for many families living 
 in southeast Minneapolis, for many yeai-s. Owing to changes 
 about the University and grounds the imderground feeders of the 
 spring were diverted and the spring ceased to exist. 
 
 UNIVERSITY YEAR — The University year covers a period 
 of thirty-eight weeks beginning on the second Tuesday in Sep- 
 tember, Commencement day being always the second Thursday in 
 June. L''p to 1901, the year was divided into three terms, the 
 first ending at Thanksgiving time and the second about the last 
 of February. The college of law still follows the old plan of divi- 
 sion. The school of agriculture has two terins. the first beginning 
 about the first of Octtober and running to Christmas time and 
 the second from the first of January until late in March. The 
 Dairy school term runs during December and the short course for 
 farmers during January and part of February'. 
 UNIVERSITY YELL— 
 
 Rah! Rah! Rah! 
 
 Ski-I%Mah! 
 
 Hoo-rah! Hoo-rah! 
 
 'Varsity! 'Varsity! 
 
 Minn-so-ta! 
 also — 
 
 Rah! Rah! Rah! Rah! Rah! Rah! 
 
 Ski-U-Mah! Min-ne-so-ta! 
 
 UNVEILING OF THE STATUE of John S. Plllsbury— A 
 pamphlet of forty-six pages and cover, containing a full report 
 of the addresses made on the occasion of the unveiling of the 
 statue of John S. Pillsbury, September 12, 1900.
 
 OF-RICE STATIOISI E:F=JV 
 
 CATAL-OQUES 
 
 BOOKLETS 
 
 MEN US 
 
 B A MQU EXS 
 
 F^FROOFJAMMES 
 
 SOCIETV S-TA-riONERV 
 
 (incorporated) 
 
 Printing anti Jlnhlial^ing 
 1401 lutiirrsita Aup. i*. !£. ilimtrajinltH. iHnut. 
 
 tiDttiiaBttr Main Sntraurp tu Mniurraitt; (Campus 
 
 C3. F?. MARTI N, 
 
 PFteSI DENT 
 
 I. \^/. WIL-SOM, 
 
 ^rce- PRESIDENT 
 
 C. l_. SWA I IM, 
 
 SEGWETARY 
 
 . A- MORRISSEY, 
 
 :asurer and manager
 
 204 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 VALEDICTORIANS— 1875, Helen Mar Ely; 1876, Martha A. 
 Butler; 1S77, Matilda Jane Campbell; 1878, Nettie Getehell; 1879, 
 W. W. Keysor; 1880, A. W. Rankin; 1881, George B. Alton; 1882, 
 M. Louise Henry; 1883, Louise Hollister; 1884, Oscar Firkins; 
 1885, James Gray; 1886, W. F. Webster; 1887, A. B. Gould; 1888, P. 
 R. Benson; 1889, Margaret, L. Sewall, 91.73; 1890, Joseph Brown 
 Pike, 93.20; 1891, C. P. Lommen, 95.18; 1892, Effie Ames Rochford; 
 94.55; 1893, Elizabeth Peters, 96.60; 1894, J. Harry Dewart, 94.28; 
 1895, J. J. Boraas, 95.33; 1896, Elizabeth Beach, 96.68; 1897, Marion 
 Potter, 96.13; 1898, Mary E. Olson, 96.58; For the following year, 
 the honor of '.'valedictory" was not awarded, but the students 
 named were granted first honors for scholarship — 1899, Ethel C. 
 Brill, 94.59; 1900, Ida P. Llndquist, 95.21; 1901, Dagny Sunne, ; 
 1902, Lee O. Kellogg, . Scholarship honors were abolished 
 
 after 1902. 
 
 VALEDICTORY— Up to and including the class of 1888 the val- 
 edictorifin and salutatorian were elected by the members of the 
 class, without any specific reference to the question of scholarship. 
 Beginning with the class of 1S89, these honors were made a reward 
 of scholarship, the valedictory going to the highest and the salu- 
 tatory .to the secor.'d highest student in point of scholarship. These 
 honors were always confined to the members of the senior class of 
 the college of science, "literature and the arts. This custom was 
 kept up until the commencement of 1899. when President Northrop 
 delivered the first commencement address. From that time on 
 student speakers for commencement exercises have been dispensed 
 with. Bo long a.3 the old custom of student orations was followed 
 the salutatory was always given in Latin. 
 
 VAN BARNEVELD, Charles Edwin— Born at The Hague, Hol- 
 land, November 26th, 1S69. Educated at the Lysee de Sainte Andre, 
 France: Kings College, Windsor.- N. S.; McGill University, M'ontre- 
 ai, Canada. Practical work as a mining engineer and metallurgist 
 in Colorado, New Mexico, California. Arizona, Mexico and Central 
 America. Associate professor of mining, 1898-99; professor, same, 
 1899 to date. 41 Oak street southeast. 
 
 VANDER HORCK, Max P. — Professor of diseases of the skin, 
 and genito-urinary organs since 1888. Pillsbury buliding. 
 
 VAN DUZEE, Charles A. — Instructor in operative dental tech- 
 nics. 1890-01. Instructor in operative dentistry, 1899-01; clinical 
 professor of operative dentistry, 1901-02. 
 
 VAN SANT, Samuel R., Winona — Regent ex-officio, governor, 
 January 10th 190i -January 1905. 
 
 VAN SLYKE, Letitia.— Instructor in farm accounts, school of 
 agriculture, since 1906. 
 
 VAN VOORHES, Abram, Stillwater— Regent 1851-1860. 
 
 VETERINARY BUI LDI NG— Erected in 1901, at a cost of $25,- 
 000. It contains, on the lower floor, the operating room with am- 
 phitheatre seats for eiglity students; pharmacy and instrument 
 room; box stall ward; open stall ward and contagious ward; and 
 two dissecting rooms. On the upper floor are a large museum and 
 physiology class laboratory and private office. There are a num- 
 ber of new features in the stalls and stall fixtures of the hospital. 
 
 VYE, John A. -Born October 28th, 1867, Fair Haven, Minn. 
 Common and high schools. Taught country school two years; busi- 
 n"FS college two years; Indian school, three months. Secretary of 
 the department of agriculture since 1891. Has, at Various times 
 taught arithmetic, grammar, and penmanship in the school of agri-
 
 UNIVERSITY OV- MINNESOTA. 205 
 
 culture. Is now teaching farm accounts in same school. Author 
 of Creamery Accounting; Farm Accounts. 1449 Cleveland avenue, 
 North St. Paul. 
 
 WADSWORTH. Joel E.— Assistant professor of civil engmeer- 
 ins 1S92-93. also in charge of mechanics and structure engmeering, 
 1S93-94; professor of structural engineering 1894-95. 
 
 WAITT, Henry M.— Instructor in engineering 1882-1884. 
 WALKER VERSAL J.— Professor of Latin from 1869 to date 
 of his death, May ISth, 1876. Member of the first University fac- 
 ulty. , . .„-„ 
 
 WALLS, James M.-3tudent assistant in crown technics, 189^- 
 94: assistant in crown technics, 1894-96. Instructor in operatn^e 
 technics and demon.strator of cperative dentistry. 1902 to date. 
 Gcrmania building, St. Paul. 
 
 WANGELIN, Hugo E.— Instructor in dental technics, 1890-91. 
 WARD, Mary (Mrs. G. S. Phelps), general secretaxy of the T. 
 W C A . 1900-01. Mrs. Phelps now resides in Kyoto, Japan, 
 where Mr. Phelps is engaged in work under the direction of the in- 
 ternational committee of the Y. W. C. A. 
 
 WARREN, Frank M.— Instructor in military sc-.ence, 1898-99 in 
 charge of th; department. Now engaged in mining engineering 
 business, with headquarters in this city. 
 
 WASHBURN, Frederick Leonard— Born April 12, 18G0, Brook- 
 line Ma^s Educated at Roxbury Latin school. Harvard Lniyer- 
 luv PA 188^ M A., 1895; graduate student at Johns Hopkins 
 Urdversitv;' assiVtant in'zoclog,? University of Michigan; professor 
 of zoology and entomology, State Agricultural Co lege of Oregon, 
 • f.lJ^ r.f v>inin°v T^niver«itv of Oregon; state biologist of Ore- 
 
 ^o? professor o^eAtomooJy.Universiry of Minnesota, also ento- 
 mologist a sTate experin.ent station and for the state of Minneso- 
 M lfo2 to date Fe low, A. A. A. P.; member of the American As- 
 sJ;:iation of Sconomic Entomologists, Entomology Society of Amer- 
 icT imedcan Societv of Naturalists. Writingsr-Various publica- 
 tions oT the economics of insects. 1112 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 WASHBURN W. W.— The principal of the University frorn 
 ISe^to 18^9 Thi^was iu the days when the University existed 
 if^nlv as a prepara^orv department and before it was organized as 
 a Unfversiry Mr. Washburn was professor of German and Latin 
 in n= ^Hnrinnl of the preparatory school, which opened Octo- 
 ZT'Vl^^^^i^ o" existence with the re-organization 
 and ele tion of a University faculty, August 23d, 1869. 
 
 WASHINGTON. D. C.-An alumni organization is maintained 
 
 - T^B .9^ tS^^en^S^rgf • T^^^^^'^^^ 
 Secretary; W. C Gerdsen, 1898, treasurer; The address of the sec- 
 retary is 326 Maryland avenue, N. E. 
 
 WATERS. Claire C— Instructor in French, 1901 -Oo. 
 
 WATSON, Nathan L.-Assistant in technics and clinics, college 
 
 "' WEBSTER. 'Albert M. -Instructor in medical and pharmaceu- 
 ^" WE^/^omas^^Born m Ohio ^. Studied ^e^stry. 
 
 "?,?s"o'Tra:;=t?f pracliJarde'nUst^y I the Hospital College 
 until 1880. P':ot«'^..or oi V department of the Uni- 
 
 elrsR>n^l88S. Proflsso7'Tf"operative dentistry, 1888-91; profes-
 
 206 DICTIONARY OP THE 
 
 sor of operative technics and dental anatomy, 1891-94; operative 
 dentistry and dental anatomy, 1891-95; dean, Iiolding same profes- 
 sorial title, 1895-97; profossoi" of operative dentistry and crown and 
 bridge work, 1897-01. First president of the Minneapolis Dental 
 Society and the State Dental Association. 
 
 WEISS, Andrew J.— Born June 30th, 1868, Stephensville, Wis. 
 Country and village schools. Experience on farm, carpentry, cab- 
 inet making, painting and wood finislaing. Two years' experience 
 in dentist's office. Instructor in technics, college of dentistry, 
 since 1900'. ;1708 Stevens avenue. 
 
 WEISS, Oscar A. — Student assistant in operative technics, 1892- 
 93; D. M. D. — Assistant in operative technics, 1893-95; instructor in 
 operative technics, 1895-96; clinical profes.sor of prosthetic dentis- 
 try and crown and bridge work, 1896 to date. 
 
 WELLS. Amos C— Assistant demonstrator in histology and 
 dental anatomy, 1905 to date. Andrus building. 
 
 WELLS, Charles L. — Pi'ofessor of diseases of children, 1888-1897. 
 
 WELLS, Charles Luke— Born in Boston, Mass., June 23, 1858. 
 He prepared for college at the faraou.s Boston Latin school, and 
 entered Harvard in ]875, graduating with degree of B. A. in 1879. 
 Pursued a course in Canibridge Episcopal Theological school, grad- 
 uating in 1832 with degree of D. B. He was ordained deacon in the 
 same year and priest in 18&3. The next six years were spent in the 
 two parishes of Hingham, Mass., 18S2-S4; and Gardiner, Maine, 1884- 
 88. In. 1886, Mr. Wells mai'ried Miss Mary L. Goddard, of Nashua, 
 N. H. He was elected professor of ecclesiastical history in the 
 Seabury Divinity School at Faribault, Minn., in 1888, and continued 
 until 1892. part of the time as acting warden. 
 
 In the summer of 1892, he obtained the degree of Ph. D. from 
 Harvard. In 1S9S-4; he studied abroad in the Public Record Office 
 and British Museum. Accepted the offer of a position of assistant 
 professor of history at the University in 1894, made professor of 
 history in 1897. Resigned in 1899 to accept the position of dean of 
 the Cathedral church, New Orleans, L.a. 
 
 WELLS, H. Journey. — Clinical assistant in diseases of the ej-e 
 and ear. Masonic Temple. 
 
 WELLS, James O. — Instructor in crown and bridge work, 1898- 
 1901; also operative technics, 1901-02; professor of crown and 
 bridge worlc and porcelain art. 1902 to date. Masonic Temple. 
 
 WESBROOK, Frank Fairchlld.— Born July 12, 1868, Oakland, 
 Ont., Canada. Scholastic training. London, Ontario, private and 
 public scliools and public schools and collegiate department, Win- 
 nipeg, Manitoba. B. A., University of Manitoba, 18S7; summer, 1888, 
 McGill Medical College, Montreal, Canada; University of Manitoba, 
 M. A., 1S90 and M. D., C. M., 1890; house surgeon, Winnipeg General 
 Hospital, 1890; railway surgeon, 1890, Banff, N. W. T., Canada; 
 graduate work at King's College, London, 1891; St. Mary's Hospi- 
 tal Great Ormoncle Children's Hospital, London; Rotunda, Lying-in 
 Ho.'^pital, Dublin; Diploma, L. M., Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, 1892. 
 Cambridge University, 1892-1895 inclusive, John Lucas Walker stu- 
 dentship in pathology. St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and 
 Hygienisches and Pathologisches Instituts, Marburg, 1894. Taught 
 cx,unti*y school. M'anitoba, 1887; demonstrator for two years and 
 had charge of the bacteriolcgical teaching for one year. University 
 of Cambridge, J 892-1895. At aamo time, professor of pathology-. 
 University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. Manitoba. Member of the 
 Minnesota State Board of Health, 1896-1900; Director of its labor- 
 atories 1896 to date. Professor of bacteriology. University 1895;
 
 UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA. 207 
 
 professor of pathology and bacteriology, 1S9G to date; dean of the 
 CoJlese of medicine and surgery, June 1906 to date. Author Lab- 
 oratory reports Minnesota State Board 01 Health; contributor to 
 technical journals, and societies on diphtheria, rabies cholera an- 
 thrax, acute infectious diseases of animals, effects of sunlight on 
 bact^iia. bacterial toxin.s, wandering cells of the intestine, medical 
 education, embalming fluids, water, immunity ^^ver eta 
 
 Member. American Public Health Association, President, 190o, 
 f'la'irman Laboratory Section, IWl; Association of American Pliy- 
 sictn^a^d American Association of Pathologists and Bactenolo- 
 ists American Associatior. for the Advancement of Science 
 fmenber of committee of One Hundred); American Physiological 
 «Vociety- American Medical Association; Society of American Bac- 
 teriologisVs Minnesota State Medical Society; Hennepin County 
 M?dicTl Society; Minnesota Pathological Society; Pathological So- 
 ^:?rof Great' 'Britain and Ireland; Pathological Section of^e 
 RoN-al A-ademy 01 Medicine, London, Eng. ; member of the AdMs- 
 mv Boa^-d of the U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service; 
 Vice President, Pathological Section of the International Congress 
 on Tuberculosis; Minnesota Academy of Medicine; National Associ- 
 ation foi- the study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, chairman. Pa- 
 thological Section. 90G Fifth street southeast. 
 
 WEST, Willis Mason. — Born November 16th, 1857, St. Cloud, 
 Mi"n B A. University, 1879; superintendent of schools, Duluth, 
 18bl-81: Faribault 18S4-91; professor of history. University of 
 North Dakota, 91-92; professor of history in University, since 189^. 
 Author of Ancient History, to Charlemagne; Modern History; the 
 Ancient World; History of the University of Minnesota. 1..14 
 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 WESTFRMANN, William Linn.— Born September loth, 1873, 
 Belleville II! High school, Decatur. 111., 1890; NeiDraska, A. B. 
 18S4- \ M ]89€; Berlin University, Ph. D., 1902. Taught two years 
 in' preparatory department of the University of Nebraska; three 
 years in high school, Decatur, 111.; four years instructor and assist- 
 ant professor of history. University of Missouri; assistant professor 
 of history. University, since 1906. Author of books reviews, Klei- 
 tor-Polykieitos; Inter-state Arbitration in Antiquity. 827 University 
 avtnue southeast. 
 
 WH EATON. Charles A. — Professor of the principles and prac- 
 tice of surgery, 1888-1902; emeritus professor of surgery, 1902 to 
 date. Lowry Arcade, St. Paul. 
 
 WHEATON, Robert A. — Clinical instructor in surgery, 1895-1S97. 
 
 WHEELAN, Ralph. — Lecturer on the law of torts, 1889-91. 
 
 WHEELER, William A.— Instructor in botany, 19'00-02; wood 
 technology and diseases of wood. 1902-03. Graduate of the college 
 of agriculture, class of 1900 and 1901. Afterward professor in the 
 S. D. Agricultural college. Now in business at Mitchell, S. D. 
 
 WHERLAND, H. L. — Assistant engineer, 1903-06. 
 
 WHITE. Albert Beebe. — Born September 11th, 1871, East Ran- 
 dolph now Holbrook, Mass. Boston Latin School, 1889; B. A., 
 Yale." 1893; graduate work at Yale, 1895-98, Ph.D. 189'8; Three 
 months at I'niversity at Leipzig. 1897. lectures on history and his- 
 torical seminar: Taught in The .Siglar School, 1893-95, a private 
 .school for boys at Newburgh, N. Y.: New Haven high school. 1897- 
 99. Instructor in history, University, 1899-1900; assistant professor, 
 same. 1900-1907; professor, 1907 to date. Author of Book reviews. 
 Phi Beta Kappa. 325 Sixth avenue southeast.
 
 208 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 WHITE, B. D.— Instructor in butter making, 1895-06. 
 
 WHITE, S. Marx.— Born July 16th, 1S73, Hokali, M'inn. High 
 school, Sandwich, 111. 18:)1; B. S., University of Illinois, 1896; M. D., 
 Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, 1897. Interne 
 Cook County Hospital, 1897-98. Graduate work in internal med- 
 icine and pathology, Vienna, 1904. Junior demonstrator of pathol- 
 ogy and bacteriology, 1898-1900; assistant professor, same, 1900-05; 
 associate professor, same, 1905 to date. Tuberculosus Glomerulitis; 
 The Pathology of Typhus Fever; Some side lights from recent 
 literature on the pathology of pneumonia. Specialist in internal 
 medicine and pathology; member of medical staff of Northwestern 
 hospital; Pathologist of City and St. Barnabas hospitals. 704 Pills- 
 bury building. 
 
 WHITMORE, John— Born in 1864, at New Haven, Conn. He 
 prepared for college at the New Haven high school and at Ithaca, 
 N. Y. Graduated from Yale with the class of 1886. After teaching 
 a year in the high school at Humboldt, Iowa, he came to the Uni- 
 versity as instructor in physics, in charge of the department dur- 
 ing the absence of Professor Jones in Europe, 1887-89. 
 
 WHITNEY, Ellen M.— Secretary to the president of the Uni- 
 versity, 1897 to date. 
 
 WHITNEY, Nellie A.— Assistant in rhetoric since 1906. B. A., 
 University, 1900. 
 
 WHITRIDGE, Grace B.^Instructor in physical culture, school 
 of agriculture, 1901 to date. 
 
 WILCOX. Archa Edward. — Born November, 1876, Minneapolis. 
 Minneapolis public schools; Minneapolis Academy; east high 
 school; special student. University of Buffalo, N. Y. ; four years at 
 the University of Pennsylvania; German Hospital, Philadelphia, 
 three years. Quiz master, Hamline, anatomy, two years. Assist- 
 ant in clinical surgery and quiz master in surgery, 1906 to date. 
 Contributor to medical press. 340 Andrus building. 
 
 WILCOX, Asa S. — Professor (homeopathic) diseases of women, 
 1894-95; Senior professor of practice of medicine 1900 to date. M'a- 
 soiitc Temple. 
 
 Vi/ILCOX, M. Russell. — Demonstrator of physiology, 1897-07; as- 
 sistant professor of physiology 1907 to date. Pillsbury building. 
 
 WILCOX, Van H. — Assistant in operative surgery, 1903-1906; 
 Instructor in same, 1906 to date. Pillsbury building. 
 
 WILDE, Norman.— Born June 12th. 1908, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. 
 A. B. Columbia, ]889; A. M., same, 1S90; Ph.D., same, 1894; Uni- 
 versity of Berlin, 1891-93; Harvard University, 1893-94. Assistant 
 in philosophy, Columbia, 1894-98; Instructor in philosophy. Univer- 
 sity, 189S-0O; As.=3istant professor, same, 1900-02; acting professor, 
 1902-03 ; professor, 1903 to date. Author of Ftiedrich Heinrich Jacobi, 
 1894; Various articles and reviews in various philosophical and psy- 
 chological .iournais. Member of Phi Beta Kappa; Western Philo- 
 sophical Association; American Philosophical Association. 901 
 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 WILDER. Helen A. — Instructor in rhetoric, 1897-02. Since en- 
 gaged in educational work and at present time teacher in the Girls' 
 high school, Germantow.n, Pa. 
 
 WILHOIT, A. D. — Assistant in chemistry, department of agri- 
 culture, 1906-07; instructor in soils, 1907 ta date. 
 
 WILKIN, Matilda Jane Campbell. — Born January 27th, 1846, 
 HaiTington, Me. Public schools of Harrington; Washington Coun-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 209 
 
 ty Academy, East Machias, Me.; Salem Normal School, Salem, 
 Mass.; B. L., University, 1&77; studied at University CoUeg-e, lx>n- 
 don, England, and at Gottingen. Germany, M'. L., University. 
 Graduate work at the T^nivcrsity of Chicago. Taught Ave years in 
 district school of Washington county. Me.; one term Wrentham, 
 Mass.; three years in grades and one in hi^h schools of Minneap- 
 olis; Intructor in (rerman and English, University, 1ST7-1892; as- 
 sistant professor of German since 1S92. Author of English-Ger- 
 man Idioms, 1899; revised edition, 19M. G18 Fifteenth avenue 
 southeast. 
 
 WILKINSON, Eleanor M.— Instructor in dietetics, 1899-01; also 
 in physiclogy 1901 -04. 
 
 WILL, Arthur B.— Lecturer on circumstantial evidence, 1894-&0. 
 
 WILLARD, Charles A.— Lecturer on the law of bailments, 1888- 
 1900. 
 
 WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN PRIZE, THE— The Honorable 
 William Jennings Bryan has given the University the sum of $200 
 for the encouragement of studies in political science. The annual 
 income will be given as a prize to the writer of the best essay up- 
 on a topic to be announced each year. The competition is open to 
 ail students of the college of science, literature and the arts. In 
 1899, to C. W. Buttz; in 1905, this prize was awarded to Ellis A. 
 Robinson. 
 
 WILLIAMS Collection of Photographs and Photographic Nega- 
 tives — Mr. Arus Williams, of Minneapolis has given to the Uni- 
 versity his extensive collection of negatives and photographs. Dur- 
 ing many years of active work as a photographer, he has collected 
 a series of several thousand plates representing geologic and geo- 
 graphic subjects, commercial views and historic scenes. These will 
 prove of great value in illustrating the physical, commercial and. 
 political history of the state. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Charles Allyn.— Born June 4th, 1877, Iowa City, la. 
 A. B. and A. M'., I'niversity of Iowa, Fellow In Germanics, Iowa, 
 1901-02.; at Cornell, 1902-03; Ottendorfer-Memorial Fellow (German- 
 ics) New York University, 1903-04; Universities of Leipzig and 
 Berlin. 19<)3-0'o. Taught in Upper Iowa University, 1901-02. In- 
 structor in German, 1903 to date. Phi Beta Kappa; Modern Lan- 
 guage Association. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Henry L. Dr. Henry L. Williams came to the Uni- 
 versity in the fall of IPOO, under a three year contract, to coach 
 the football team; the renewal of his contract for various periods, 
 since that time, has always been a matter of course and at the 
 present time his contract has two years yet to run. Under his 
 coaching Minnesota has not only turned out some wonderful scor- 
 ing marhinos, but some won^Ierful teams, considered from any point 
 of view. Sirice his coming Minnesota has always been neai- the 
 head of the list of western teams, when not actually leading, and 
 has never, until the season of 1907, lost more than one game any 
 season. Dr. Williams has also V>eon connected with the college of 
 medicine and surgery since 1901, holding' various titles, as follows: 
 assistant in medicine, 1901-02; clinical instructor in diseases of 
 women, 1902 to date. He ranks as a full professor on account of 
 his rank as director of athletics. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, Aionzo Potter— Born April 28, 1854, Philadel- 
 phia. Scliolastic training-, — Gregory Classical Institute, Philadel- 
 phia: M'. D.. Hahnemann Medical College & Hospital 1S7C; A. M., 
 Hamilton College 1887 (Horn).; LL. B., University 3 894; LL. M.,
 
 210 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 same. 1902. Lecturer on Insanity, Hahnemann Medical College & 
 Hcspital, Philadelphia, from 1S87 to 1S90'; pi-ofessor of mental and 
 nervous diseases and lecturer on skin and venereal diseases, 1890- 
 94; Dean and professor of mental and nervous diseases, University 
 colleg-e of homeopathic medicine and surgery, 1S9-1-95; also medical 
 jurisprudence, 1S9id-04; Interne, Ward's (N. G.) Island Homeopath- 
 ic hospital 1876 to 1877; 1st assistant physician M'iddletown state 
 hospital for insane, M.iddletawn, New York, 1877-78; Traveled in 
 Europe examining and studying hospitals for the insane in Ger- 
 many. France and England; Two semesters University of Vienna 
 1878-79; Pathologist Middletown state hospital, Middletown, New- 
 York, 1879-80; Chief of staff. Ward's Island Homeopathic Hospital 
 3 880-83; First Assistant physician Middletown State Hospital, Mid- 
 dletown. N. Y. 1883-90; Superintendent Fergus Falls State Hospital, 
 Fergus Falls. Minn. 1890-92; General practice at Minneapolis 1892 
 to 1904; Author of numerous articles read before national, state, 
 county and city medical societies; also a number of contributions 
 to Medical Journals. Medical superintendeat Southern California 
 State Hospital, Patton, California, 1904 to present time. 
 
 WILLIS, Hugh Evander. Born February 27th, 1S75, Stratton, 
 Vt., A. B.. Yankton, 1897; A. M., 1839; LL.B., University, 1901; 
 LL. M., 1902. Quiz inaster, University, after graduation; assist- 
 ant professor in law, 1906 to date. Author of various articles on 
 legal topics, in the legal magazines of the country. 
 
 WILLIS, John W.— Born July 12th, 1S54, St. Paul. B. A., 1877, 
 and M. A., Dartmouth, 1886; admitted to bar 1879; district judge, 
 2nd district, 1892-98. Special lecturer on ancient, medieval and 
 modern lawyers, college of law, 190'7 to date. Globe building, 92.3 
 Summit avenue. St. Paul. 
 
 .WILLISTON, N. D. — The alumni living in this city have an or- 
 ganization holding its annual meeting and banquet on the last 
 Tuesday in Septtmbcr. Clarence Ellithorpe, 1896, president; A. J. 
 Stafne, vice-president; Alinda M. Hougan, Law 190S, secretary; 
 George A. Gilmore, Law, 1902, treasurer. 
 
 WILSON. Archie Dell. — Born December 3d, 1875, Hastings, 
 Minn. District scliool; iJniversity school of agriculture; B. Ag., 
 University, 1905. Ten years practical farming experience; fore- 
 man of the University farm for three years, 1900-02; instructor in 
 school of agriculture, 1902 to date; instructor in farm management, 
 college of agriculture, 1905 to 1907. Assistant in agriculture, 1905- 
 07. Superintendent of Farmers' Institutes, 1907 to date. Author of 
 Experiment Station bulletin, 95, on "SVecds. 1466 Raymond avenue. 
 St. Anthony Park. 
 
 WILSON, Horace B., St. Paul — Regent cx-officio, as superintend- 
 ent of public instruction, from August 1st, 1870 to April 3d, lS7o. 
 
 WILSON, Louis B. — Senior demonstrator in pathology, 1898-04; 
 assistant professor of bacteriology 1904-06; assistant professor of 
 clinical pathologj-, 1906 to date. Pathologist St. Mary's Hospital 
 (The Mayo's). Rochester, Minn. Member of the board of directors 
 of the General Alumni Association. 
 
 WILSON, Thomas, St. Paul — Appointed regent Septtember 6th, 
 1S9S, reappointed in 1903. Term expires March 1909. Born May 
 16t'h, 1827, in TjTone county, Ireland. Came to United States in 
 1W8. Allegheny College, 1852; LL.D., same, 1861; same Macalester 
 College, 1902; admitted to bar, Pennsylvania, 1885; came to Winona. 
 M'irm., 1S5S; moved to St. Paul, 1892; member of the constitutional 
 convention, 1857: district judge, 1857-64; chief justice supreme
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 2H 
 
 court, 1SG4-G9 (resigned); Minnt'sota House of Representatives, 
 1880-83; senate, 1883-85; Congress, 1887-89; general counsel C. M. 
 Sc St. P. Ry., since 1892. Hotel Aberdeen, St. Paul. 
 
 WILTGEN, Edwarcf W. — Instructor in military science and tac- 
 tics, 1.S99-19U0, in charge of the department for a time. 
 
 WINCH ELL, Newton Horace.— Born December 17th, 1839, North 
 East, N. Y. Became connected with the Michigan geological sur- 
 vey in 1S60; University of Michigan, 1SG6; superintendent of Adrian, 
 Mich., schools, 1SG6-69; assistant state geologist, Michigan, 1SG9-70; 
 assistant on geological survey of Ohio, 1870-72; state geologist of 
 Minnesota 1873-00; instructor in geology and mineralogy, 1872-73; 
 professor same, 1873-90. Member of the United States Assay Com- 
 mission 1887; Fellow of the American Association for tlie Advance- 
 ment of Science, and vice-president, 1884; president of the geologic- 
 al Society of America, 1902; councillor of the IVIinnesota State His- 
 torical Society; Sons of the American Revolution; Slociety de Min. 
 Frangaise; New Y'ork Academy of Sciences; founder and three 
 times president of the Minnesota Academy of Science; Societe Ge- 
 ologiquft de Beige; National Geographical Society; American An- 
 thropologica: Association; Quivira Historical Society; Lake Supe- 
 rior Mining Institute; Washington Academy of Sciences; Founded 
 and edited theAmerican Geologist, 1883-1905. Author of catalog of 
 plants of the state of Michigan; Geological reports of the surveys 
 of Oliio and Minnesota; the Iron Ores of Minnesota (with H. V. 
 Winchell') ; and many papers for various geological and other mag- 
 azines of the country. At present engaged upon tlie Archaeologj- 
 of Minnesota, for the Minnesota Historical Society. 113 State 
 street soutl'.east. 
 
 WINSLOW, J. M., St. Anthony— Regent 1857-1860. 
 WOMAN'S LEAGUE, The — An organization of the women 
 of the University which was formed January 19, 1901. The 
 object of the League is to promote the general social interests 
 of the young wom.en of the University and to do what can be done 
 for mutual helpfulness. The League was a large factor in secur- 
 ing and helping to fi^rnish Alice Shevlin Hall. 
 
 WOMAN'S MAGAZINE SOARD — This is an organization of 
 young women who take charge of one issue each year of the Min- 
 nesota Magazine. Each board is entirely independent of other 
 boards chosen for the same purpose, by the Woman's League. 
 
 WOOD, George W. — Professor of diseases of the nervous sys- 
 tem and medical jurisprudence, 1S83-1887. 
 
 WOODBRIDGE, Frederick J. E.— Born in "Windsor, Ontario, the 
 twenty-sixth of March, 1867. The family removed to Kalamazoo, 
 Michigan. Gradi'ated from the Kalamazoo high school, entered 
 Amherst, and was graduated in the class of 1889 with the degree 
 of A. B. Among other prominent positions which he held while 
 in college, were Editor-in-Chief of Amherst Olio and member of 
 the senate. The three years imr.aediately following his graduation 
 were spent at the Union Tlieological Seminary in New York City. 
 At the same time he also acted as lay-reader at the Church of 
 the Ascension, of which Dr. Donald, who succeeded Phillips Brooks 
 at Trinity Church. Boston, was then rector. In the summer his 
 duties in connection witii the Fresh Air Fund led him among the 
 tenement houses. The next two years he spent in Germany as a 
 fellow of the Seminary, making a specialty of the history of philos- 
 ophy, under Zeller, Paulsen, Ebbinghaus, Haniack and Pfleiderer. 
 Called to the department of philoscpliy in 1894. Head of the de- 
 partmenr until his resignation in 1-901 to accept a similar position 
 m Columbia University..
 
 212 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 WRIGHT; Charles B. — Clinical assistant in diseases of chil- 
 dren. 1U07 to date. Andrus building-. 
 
 WRIGHT, Franklin R.— Born June 15th, 1866, Canton, 111. 
 Graduate in dentistrj , University, 1S90; M. D., same, 1894; lecturer 
 on anaestheyia and chief of tlie anaesthetic clinic, 1895 to date. 
 Instructor in dermatology and genito-urinary diseases, 190'0 tO' date. 
 713 Pillsbury building. 
 
 WULLING, Frederick John.— Born December 24th, 1&6'6, Brook- 
 lyn, N. y. educated in public and high schools of Carlstaat, N. Y., 
 1883; business college, 1884; Columbia University, 1884-88; New 
 York College of Pharmacy, graduate 1887; Ph. D., 1893; L.L,. B., 
 University, 1896: LU. M., same, 1S9S; pursued graduate work in 
 Europe. Assistant and quiz luaster, in pharmacology, New Y''ork 
 college of pharm.acy, lSSG-90; professor in organic pharmaco-diag- 
 nosis, 1891-92; dean of the college of pharmacy and professor of 
 pharmaceutical chemistry, since 1892. Member of the American 
 Chemical Society; American Pharmaceutical Association; Brook- 
 lyn Institute of Arts and Letters; Chemists Club, New York; fel- 
 low of Society of Science (London); Minneapolis Society of Fine 
 Arts; Author of M'edical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Evolu- 
 tion of Botany; contributor to various technical journals. 3306 
 Second avenue south. 
 
 WYMAN, James T., Minneapolis — Appointed regent February 
 18th, 1901 for a term which expired in 1902. Held office under the 
 provision of "until successor shall be appointed" until March- 1907, 
 when a special act of the legislature fixed his term as expiring 
 March 1908. President ol board from date of death of Greenleaf 
 Clark, December, 1904. Director of the Northwestern National 
 Bank and member of the firm of Smith & Wyman, manufacturers 
 of sash and doors. Term expires in March, 1908. 
 
 WYMAN PRIZE, THE' — An annual prize of fifty dollars is of- 
 fered by the Honorable James T. Wyman, of Minneapolis, through 
 th" department of political science, for the best essay of three to 
 five thousand words by an undergraduate student on a subject to 
 be announced by the donor each year. Awarded, in 1902, to H. E. 
 Peterson for an essay uii the "Small producer and the trust"; in 
 1903, to Allen R. Brown, for an essay upon "The trade union as a 
 factor in production"; in 1904 to E. C. Parker, for an essay upon 
 "The labor question in farming communities"; in 1906 no award; 
 in 1906. was not awarded; in 1907, to Donald C. Babcock, for an 
 essay upon "The influence of immigration upon the development 
 of the northwest." 
 
 XI PSI PHI — iCental fraternity. Phi chapter established in 1905. 
 
 YALE, William H., Winona— Appointed regent August 9th, 1894 
 and served until he became member of the state senate in Janu- 
 ary 1895. Born at New Haven, Conn., in 1831. Received a com- 
 mon school education and engaged in business. Came to Minne- 
 sota in 1857. and practiced law. Elected county attorney in 1860', 
 and to the state senate in 18G6. Lieutenant Governor of Minneso- 
 ta. 1S69-7]. 
 
 YATTAW, William H.— Janitor 188G-1S93. 
 
 YEAGER, Fred S. — Instructor in crown and bridge work, 1903 
 to date. Germania Life building, St. Paul. 
 
 YOUNG. Alice--Instructor in English, 1895-1900. Graduate of 
 the University, class of 1896. Now dean of women in the Univer- 
 sity of Montana.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 213 
 
 YOUNG, George B.— Lecturer on the conflict of laws, 1S88 to 
 date. Formerly associate justice of the supreme court of Minne- 
 sota. 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, The— This asso- 
 ciation was organized February lith, 1SS7. It is aflSliated with the 
 National orgranization. Its oliject is the promotion of "growth in 
 gr.-ice and Cliristian feliowship among its memlbers and aggressive 
 Chrisiian work by and for .students." This association rents the 
 Students' Christian Association building and has it always open 
 for the use of the student body. To further the ends of this as- 
 sociation it maintains a general secretarj' who devotes his whole 
 time to the work. The association's activities reach out and 
 touch student life in almost every phase of University life. The 
 boarding house bureau helps new students and old to secure com- 
 fortable lodgings and assists in finding roommates; The employment 
 bureau assists those students v.ho are o)3liged to make their own 
 way through colkge to fisid work to help pay their way; Bible 
 study is emphasized and hundreds of young men are induced to 
 make a regular and systematic study of the Bible; Sunday after- 
 noon services are held during the college year, the services are 
 popular in character and are usually addressed by prominent men; 
 Friday noon is the regular weekly prayer meeting; Mission study 
 classes are maintained; during the Christmas holidays bands of 
 students are sent out to do evangelistic work; Numerous socials 
 are held, including the big opening reception to new students and 
 th<-. post-exam jubilee; An educational bureau helps students with 
 entrance conditions to make up such conditions and regular class- 
 es are organized for this purpose; The information bureau is open 
 and busy the year around for the benefit of any student who wants 
 to know. Those who intend to attend the University are furnished 
 any information desired about matters connected with the Univer- 
 sity. The association, in cooperation with the Y. W. C. A. issues 
 each y^ar a hand l50ok containing useful information for students. 
 John F. Sinclair, '96, is the general secrctaiy. 
 
 YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, The— This as- 
 sociation was organized in 1891. It is affiliated with the National 
 organization. The purpose of this association is to bring together 
 and to make effective the combined religious activities of all young 
 women of the University, "to deepen spiritual thought in the Uni- 
 versity woman, to environ her witli .a semblance of home, to bring 
 to her friendship, assistance and sociability by stimulating fellow- 
 ship, to give her personal help when necessary; thus developing in 
 her the Christ ideal of culture in womanhood." To this end the 
 association has beautifully furnished rooms in Alice Shevlin Hall, 
 and provides two general secretaries, one to specialize in Bible 
 and mission study work and the other, an assistant, to direct the 
 office and committee work of the association. The general secre- 
 tary for the year 1907-08, is Margaret Burton and the assistant is 
 Katharine names. The association works in various ways, giv- 
 ing frequent socials, informal teiis. Prayer meetings are held 
 twice each week, a dozen circles meet each week for Bible study, 
 a.nd frequent missionary meetings are held. The general secretary 
 also docs what she can to help new students get settled and is al- 
 way.r ready to answer the questions, by letter or in person, of young 
 women who expect to to come to the Universit.v. This associa- 
 tion, in cooperation with the Y. M'. C. A. publishes annually a 
 hand book of useful information for students. This association 
 started the movement which finally resulted in securing Alice 
 Shevlin Hal', for the young ^\•Olnen of the University.
 
 214 DICTIONARY OF THE 
 
 2ELENY, Anthony.— Boni April 20tli, 1S70, Racine, Wis. Hut- 
 chinson higrli scliool, 18S7; B. S., University, 1892; M. S., 1893; Ph. 
 D., 1907. Graduate work at Chicago, one summer semester, 1900. 
 Taught in country schools, 1887-88; high scliool, 1893-95; scholar 
 in physics. University, 1895-97; instructor in physics, 1897-06; as- 
 sistant professor of physics, since 1906. Author of modifications 
 of the M'arxwell-Rayleig-li and the Anderson methods for the mea- 
 surement of the co-efficient of self-induction; On precision mea- 
 surements with the moving coil ballistic galvanometer; The tem- 
 perature of solid carbonic acid and its mixtures with ether and 
 alcohol at different pressures; The capacity of mica condensers; 
 United States and Canadian patents, 1902, galvonometer; Multi- 
 plex electric thermiometer; 1903, Electric thermometer; Text 
 book, A Manual of Physical Measurements, (With H. A. Erikson). 
 Member of the American Physical Society; fellow American Asso- 
 ciation Advancement of Science, Minnesota Educational Associa- 
 tion; Sigma XI; Society for the Promotion of Engineering Educa- 
 tion. 321 Church street southeast. 
 
 ZELENY, John.—Born March 26th, 1872, Racine, Wis. Hutch- 
 inson high school; B. S., University, 1893; Pb. D., same, 1906. 
 Berlin University, spring semester, 1897; Cambridge University, 
 England, 1897-98; 1898-99; B. A. (in research, 1899). Teacher of 
 physics and chemistry, central high school, Minneapolis, 1892; in- 
 structor in physics, 1892-1896; assistant professor of physics, 1896- 
 1900; associate professor of physics, ]9'00 to date. Author of va- 
 rious researches upon physical subjects, including. Air electrifica- 
 tioji by the discharging action of ultra-violet light; The ratio of 
 the velocity of the ions; preduced in gases by Roentgen rays, and. 
 som.e related phenomena.; Convection currents and the fall of po- 
 tential at the electroder? in conduction produced by Roentgen 
 rays; The velocity of ions produced in gases by Roentgen rays; 
 The influence of temperature upon the photo-electric effect; Elec- 
 trifications produced by gases that have been exposed to Roentgen 
 rays; The vapor pressure of solid and liquid carbonic acid at low 
 temperatures: The temperature of solid carbonic acid and its mix- 
 tures with ether and alcohol at different pressures; The discharge 
 of electricity from pointed conductors of different sizes. Phi Beta 
 Kappa; Sigma Xi; Fellow of the American Association for the Ad- 
 vancement of Science; American Physical Society Associate of 
 Cambridge Philosophical Society. 810 Sixth street southeast. 
 
 2ETA PSI — Alpha Beta chapter established in 1899. Founded 
 at New York University in 1847. 200 Harvard street southeast. 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, James. — Instructor in chemistry, 1907 to date. 
 1201 Fifth street southeast. 
 
 ZOOLOGY MUSEUM, -All the material collected by the state 
 zoologist; a collection of mounted Minnesota birds representing 
 about one-tiiird of the species found in the State; a number of 
 the mammals of the State and a few from the more western 
 states; a collection of fishes, molluscan shells, corals and other 
 foreign material. 
 
 The ornithological room contains the excellent Thomas .S. Rob- 
 erts and Fr.anklin Benncr collection of skins, nests and eggs of 
 Minnesota birds. Other groups of animals are more or less nu- 
 merously repres':^nted. and are receiving annual additions from the 
 Zoological Survey. 
 
 ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL CLUB, The — An organization of In- 
 structor.s and advanced students of the department of animal bi- 
 ology, who meet for the discussion of current zoological literature.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 215 
 
 ZOOLOGICAL READING CLUB, The— This club meets even- 
 ings at the homos of the professors of the department of animal 
 biology and is for instructors and graduate students. Its purpose 
 is the reading and discussion of philosophical works on zoolo^j'.
 
 Ferris Sr Grady 
 
 College Man's Headquarters 
 321 14th. Jivenue Southeast 
 
 Fine Candies, News, Laundry and Cigars
 
 LmA
 
 L 009 545 315 
 
 I" 
 
 I 
 
 H. i^ 
 
 e es. W. F. Decker, Vice-Pres. 
 
 J. E. Ware. Cashier. 
 
 •At Yo S 
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 AA 001 324 594 
 
 Thr >t. Ant jiiy Falls Bank 
 
 ' tal Rosoi es $1,600,000 
 
 one Dollar Opt.ns An Account 
 
 31 Cent Interest Paid on Savings 
 
 Safety Deposit Boxes for Rent 
 
 Aaron Carlson 
 W. F. Decker 
 H. T. Eddy 
 H. R. Chase 
 
 DIRECTORS 
 
 John F. Wilcox 
 A. M. Hunter 
 William Miller 
 Hiram A. Scriver 
 
 W. P. Washburn 
 W. F. Webster 
 H. W. Young 
 Joseph E. Ware 
 
 I 
 
 •^1 
 
 I 
 
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