JUN 3 1928- L. I B R " ' i ).MI: Ec'oxoMirs CIUOCLAI: No. 0. October, 1020. HOME ECONOMICS COURSES OF STUDY FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS. INTRODUCTION. Tt is the consensus of opinion that in the first four years of the elementary school both boys and girls should be given progressive instruction in industrial arts. This \vork should involve the ma- nipulation of materials and processes in paper and cardboard, tex- tiles, basketry, weaving, and drawing. There should be acquired a control of the larger muscles and a familiarity with certain simple common tools, but no project requiring close application or fine co- ordination of muscles should be chosen. Beginning with the fifth grade, the lines of work for boys and girls should diverge. Simple food preparation and housewifery should be the chief topics in the home-making classes for girls throughout the fifth grade, and sewing and food preparation should be given in the sixth grade with constant reviews of the housewifery pi-act ices taught in the preceding grade. The dominant thought of the fifth grade food work should be " What foods are needed by fifth-grade children in order that they may grow and be strong." The actual cookery should be of the common and least expensive foods and by the simplest methods. Breakfast cereals, rice, soft cooked eggs, (oast, plain custards, cocoa, and similar preparations should be chosen as lesson subjects with especial stress placed upon the care and use of milk, the value of cereals and vegetables in the diet, and upon neat methods of work and scrupulous cleanliness of person, utensils, and methods. The sewing should consist of simple projects adapted to the inter- e.-ts of the children at the period of their development. Work which requires close application and line exact motions is physiologically contra indicated. 2 HOME ECONOMICS COURSES OF STUDY. Housewifery lessons should consist of teaching the care of a bed- room, table setting, careful dusting, and dishwashing. The spirit and motive of home economics teaching should differ in these grades from those dominating the instruction given in the junior high school. It is concluded 'that a girl entering the seventh grade of school should know how to follow a simple recipe accurately, how to measure food materials correctly, and how to regulate temperatures for boil- ing and baking. She should be able to assist dextrously in making a bed, in caring for toilet articles, in setting a table, in dusting a room, in washing dishes, and in putting away fresh and cooked foods. She should be able to sew a straight seam on the sewing machine, cut by a two-piece commercial pattern, baste seams, darn her stockings, sew on buttons, and work buttonholes, and also be able to wash and iron small light articles of cotton and linen. She should understand the more elementary facts concerning the right choice of foods, correct food habits, personal hygiene, and care- ful use of foods, clothing, and household furnishings. With this foundation she will be prepared to profit by the course hereinafter recommended. Special adjustment of home economics work should be made in schools where home economics is not begun until the seventh grade. A more elementary course should be planned for the seventh grade with at least one extra double period scheduled weekly during this year. Additional time should also be allotted to home economics in the eighth and ninth grades. Unfortunately, in certain school systems home economics is still limited to the grades of the four-year high school. Where this condition exists certain changes should be made. Home economics should be a required course for all ninth-grade and tenth-grade girls. From 8 to 10 periods per week should be assigned to this subject, and the course herein planned should be modified to meet this condition. A. TIME ALLOTMENT. The following time allotment should be made for home economics : In school systems having the 6-3-3 plan, with home economics taught in the fifth and sixth grades, at least this much time per week should be required in the seventh and eighth grades: Two double periods, equaling about 180 minutes; one single period, equal- ing about 45 minutes for supervised study, recitation, etc.; study, practice, and observation at home, 90 minutes. In the ninth grade home economics should be required as follows: Three double periods about 270 minutes; two single periods about 90 minutes ; home study, practice, and observation, 90 minutes. HOME ECONOMICS COURSES OF STUDY. 3 If the usual period is of GO minutes' duration, then the following is a possible though not a most desirable arrangement for the seventh and eighth grades: One double period, 120 minutes; two single periods, 60 minutes each, 120 minutes; home study, practice, etc., 90 minutes. In schools having the 8-4 plan with no home economics, in the ele- in the lower grades, the time should be as follows in the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades : Three double periods per week, about 270 minutes : two single periods per week, about 90 minutes ; study, prac- tice, and observation at home, 120 minutes. In schools having the 8-4 plan with required home economics ; in the grades six to eight at least one additional year; of home economics should be required. This required home economics should be not less than three double periods per week, 270 minutes ; two single pe- riods, 90 minutes; home study, practice, and observation, 90 minutes. In schools having the 8-4 plan with no home economics in the ele- mentary grades, home economics should be required in the ninth and tenth grades, and be as follows: Four double periods per week, .'WO minutes; one single period per week, 45 minutes; study, practice, and observation at home, 120 minutes. B. ELECTIVE COURSES. Elective courses in home economics should be offered in all senior high schools. These courses should be full-credit courses and the equivalent in time and value to other elective subjects. The rates of practice to class time should vary with the subject. In small high schools it is well to rotate the various elective courses in home economics, since it is quite probable that the classes will be small. The greatest difficulty in such a rotation is that of schedule making, but it is a difficulty not impossible of satisfactory solution. Girls over 14 years of age should be admitted to the junior high school home-economics class, and where the number of retarded girls justi- fies the formation of half-day classes these should be maintained. C. OITUM: or < m K^KS KKQUIRED IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL. All of the following courses are intended to be suggestive. It is anticipated that the intelligent teacher will modify, eliminate, or substitute projects as the needs of her pupils justify changes. It is not assumed that all of these projects could be covered during any one course, and that not infrequently the project here selected for one unit may be most suitable in some later unit. Time allowance, seventh and eighth grades: Two double periods: 1 period of study, recitation, or reports; '>() minutes, .study, practice, and observation out of school. HOME ECONOMICS COURSES OF STUDY. MOTIVES. Promote home helpfulness, form right health habits, awaken an intcrot in the economics of clothing and food, and train in the performance of certain household operations. 1 iK>T HALF TERM. Topic : The care of clothing; thrift in selection and making. Cor- iviait-d with geography, English, arithmetic, art, and general science. Suggested school projects. 1. -1. 1. Ca'o of ctatMng. () Stocking darn- ing. (b) Patchirg, repair of undergar- ments. (o) Laundering of 2. undergarments. (<1) Milking soiled 3. clothes bag. 2. Selection and making. (n) Kiniona night dres*. (b) Apron. (c) Bloomers. (d) Middy. (e) Underskirt. (f) One project re- quiring cooper- ation of sev- eral pupils. Home projects. The family work bas- ket. (a) Family darning. (b) P>utt >RS replaced. (c) Buttonholes re- paired. Care of stockings, as affecting wear. Care of o\vn shoes. Expense account of necessary clothing of child at tliis age. Investigation reports and recitations. 1. Cost of homemade vs. reiidymade garments. 2. Samples of white cloth with cost, fineness, and weave. Samples mounted and named. 3. Samples printed cotton cloth. 4. Samples gingham. 5. Experiments as to shrinkage of cotton cloth. 6. Tests of colors. 7. Cost of homemade trimming. SECOND AND THIRD QUARTERS. Topic: Meal preparation and service. Correlated with English, geography, arithmetic, hygiene, and general science. Suggested school projects. 1. The cooking of food. (<.') Combustion ex- periments. (6) Fuels. (c) Types of stoves. (d) Effect of heat on different food- stuffs. (e) Types of uten- Sils. Home projects. Investigation reports and recitations. 1. Prepare at home each i. article cooked at school. 2. Help prepare Sunday breakfast. 3. Help wash dishes each day. 4. Keep table cutlery 9. polished. 5. Set supper table daily. (o) Cost of different fuels. (b) Sources of dif- ferent fuels. (c) Cost of different stoves. Water. (a) Uses of water in the household. HOME ECONOMICS COURSES OF STUDY. .School working projects- Continued. 2. Preparation of flic family breakfast. () Vegetable fan- ning. (c) Jollies and jams. (tf) Preserves and pickles. Fruit drying. Storage of win- ter vegetables. Wholesome and eco- nomical f a in i 1 y foods. (a) Cooking of dried fruits (b) Cooking of le- gumes. (c) Bread making. (d) Meat cookery. (c) Winter vegeta- bles. (/) Desserts. Homo projects. 1. 'Home canning. 2. Home marketing. o. Food accounts. 4. Bread baking. r>. Preparation of break- fast. ' 0. W ashing supper dishes. 7. Saturday k i t c h e n cleaning. 8. Care of garbage and garbage container. 9. Care of bath room. 10. Care of own room. 11. Care of dining room. 12. Assistance in family laundry. Investi.ii'iifion reports and recitations. 1. Food preservation. (a) Y'esist molds a n d bacteria in foods. (I)) Food spoilage, causes of. (c) Destruction and exclusion of in i c ro organ- isms : By heat and sealing; by drying; by chemicals. () Cleaning home s e w i n g ma- chine. (c 1 ) Care of personal garments. (d) Care of own rooms. (c) Care of bath room. Investigation reports and reel tp (Jong. 1. Textiles and clothing. (a) S a m pies and prices of wool- en goods. (b) Household tests for wool. (c) Household tests for linen. (d) Cost of ready-to- wear rs. home- in a d e g a r - nients. (c) Quality of ma- terial in ready- to-wear gar- ments. (f) Points in the se- lect i o n of ready- to-wear garments. (<7) Extravagance of extreme styles. (It) Summer care of winter gar- ments. (i) Personal and family clothing budget. (j) Purchase and care of acces- sories, such as gloves. (/;) Clothing as re- lated to health. 10 HOME ECONOMICS COURSES OF STUDY. EIGHTH GRADE \ FOURTH QUARTER. Topic: (1) Summer clothing its use and care. (2) Garments for infants; home nursing and care of little children during summer. Correlated as in previous quarter. School working projects. 1. Summer dress. 2. Summer undergar- ments. 3. Baby outfit. Ilonle projects. 1. Milking dress for baby. 12. rare of baby. o. Making summer dress at home. 4. Preparing food for -. 1. Economics of clothing. (a) Renovation of spring cloth- ing. (?>) Making or re- making spring suit. (c) Making summer wash dress. (d) Washing a n <1 cleaning deli- cate fabrics. (e) School problems connected with school activi- ties. Home ii--ts. 1. Keeping family ac- counts. 2. Making garments for younger children. .3. Freshening ribbons, Jaces, etc., for other members of family. 4. Assisting in household duties as suggested in previous o u t - lines. Investigation reports cind recitations. Dividing the family income. Dividing the family clothing budget. Dividing the personal clothing budget. Dividing the wage- earning woman's income. Relation of education to income earning. Laws as to working conditions of wage- earning women. Occupational diseases of women. Recreational oppor- tunities for women. Savings accounts. Investments. 9. 30. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A 001 139358 4