Mining dept. 
 
 ttrmttg 
 
 REFERENCE. 
 
 No. 
 
 Division 
 Range .... 
 
 Received c li 
 
 t 
 
FIRST OUTLINES 
 
 DICTIONARY OF SOLUBILITIES 
 
 CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES. 
 
 BY FRANK H. STOKER 
 
 M 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 SEVER AND FRANCIS. 
 
 1864. 
 
MIMIMtt OITfT. 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, by 
 
 FRANK H. STOKER, 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of Massachusetts. 
 
 UNIVERSITY V u K s s : 
 \V K 1, H , 15 I G E L O W , AND COMPANY, 
 CAMBRIDGE. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THE utility of a complete dictionary of the solubilities of chemical substances, or in 
 fact of any of the physical constants of chemistry, needs no explanation. In publishing, 
 however, these First Outlines of the Dictionary of Solubilities, which some years ago 
 I began to compile, I wish to state the circumstances which have occasioned this course, 
 and to request that the purport and aim of the book may be kept constantly in view. 
 
 Some six years since, while attending lectures on applied science in Paris, I was first 
 impressed with the great practical importance of a wider dissemination of our knowl- 
 edge of the solubilities of salts, while at the same time I was convinced that Chemical Sci- 
 ence itself might gain many advantages if all known facts respecting solubilities were 
 gathered from the widely scattered original sources into one special comprehensive 
 work, and thus presented in an easily accessible form. I at that time conceived the 
 idea of collecting all the materials and embodying them in a dictionary, where each of 
 the determinations already made might be within the reach of all persons interested, 
 and which might, moreover, serve as a body of facts into which new and scattered ob- 
 servations should be incorporated, and from which erroneous statements, now current, 
 could be eliminated, as they are from time to time disproved. The importance of such 
 a work was the more clearly impressed upon me, since I had learned, by previous ex- 
 perience, how many difficulties and delays attend the correct determination of solubili- 
 ties, and had observed how little attention is usually paid to the labors of earlier experi- 
 menters, either as regards avoiding or refuting their errors, or bearing witness to the 
 accuracy of their results. Besides furnishing, as an aid to chemical research, either in 
 the scientific or the practical laboratory, a catalogue of known (or supposed) facts, such 
 a compilation might answer the further purpose of indicating to those willing to labor 
 for the advancement of science the numerous gaps in our knowledge of the subject 
 which remain to be filled up. 
 
 In proceeding to carry out this scheme, it was thought best to prepare, in the first 
 place, a rough outline list of the names of substances, together with such general state- 
 ments of their solubilities as are contained in standard systematic works on Chemistry, 
 like Gmelin's Handbook, the treatises of Gerhardt, Dumas, etc. From these materials 
 an alphabetical catalogue the first of the kind, it is believed, ever attempted in our 
 language was framed, into which more detailed statements from original memoirs 
 were to be inserted ; the matter previously taken from text-books serving merely as a 
 guide in collating materials drawn directly from first sources, and as a means of control- 
 ling the accuracy of the final abstracts. This part of the plan having been in a meas- 
 ure accomplished, it was my intention, before publishing the work, to pursue the method, 
 just indicated, of compiling from original sources until the leading chemical publications 
 of this century, at least, had all been carefully searched, and the collected items duly 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 digested. But owing to the great bulk and rapidly increasing complexity of the man- 
 uscript, with its innumerable interpolations, the mere mechanical labor of comparing 
 newly found data with the intricate notes already made soon became so great that the 
 work could no longer be carried on except at a great disadvantage. It was therefore 
 deemed advisable to print the matter already accumulated, in order to facilitate the 
 completion of the projected work ; it being also hoped and believed that these Out- 
 lines, even as they now stand, may be useful to others. The student, investigating in 
 detail all that is known of the solubility of any one special substance, may no doubt 
 sometimes find the account of it here given meagre and unsatisfactory. But he should 
 remember that the work makes no pretension to be more than a general outline, each 
 special feature of which must be filled up in detail before anything like a complete dic- 
 tionary can be hoped for. 
 
 Of the statements not credited to any authority, and which have been condensed from 
 text-books, as already mentioned, it should be remarked, that these are much less com- 
 plete than I could wish, since they were not originally intended to be published as they 
 now stand, but were to be superseded by fuller and more careful abstracts from the 
 original memoirs. 
 
 Many practical men will be inclined to object to the manner in which all the state- 
 ments found relating to any subject have been copied, without special indication that 
 any attempt has been made to single out the more trustworthy among them. To this 
 objection I reply by denying that the compiler has, as a general rule, any right to pass 
 judgment upon experimental results with which he has no special familiarity. The cor- 
 rection of errors of experiment, excepting occasional instances of palpable inaccuracy, 
 should be left to subsequent experimenters, i. e. to persons practically conversant with 
 the subject ; and the criticisms of such have been given already in most of the instances 
 in which they have fallen under my notice. 
 
 When the writer of a memoir makes no mention of the labors of his predecessors, it 
 is but fair to attribute this silence to ignorance of the earlier experiments, and, other 
 things being equal, to hold each set of observations equally liable to error. To my 
 mind, a recent date is of itself no indication whatsoever of the superior accuracy of any 
 series of results. In cases of conflicting authority, the reader has but to refer to the 
 original memoirs, and decide for himself. It is true that special prominence might 
 justly be given to experiments made with unusual care and with superior facilities, as, 
 for example, those recently published by Kremers, Gerlach, Schiff, and others ; and 
 that, on the other hand, suspicious matter, and that which has been actually disproved, 
 should properly be printed in smaller type than the ordinary text, and I would gladly 
 have had this done if a more mature condition of the work had warranted the expendi- 
 ture of this kind of labor. I may here say, that any information which will contribute 
 to the growth or accuracy of the work, or in any way add to its usefulness, will be most 
 gratefully received. 
 
 The term " solubility " in the title of the present publication is to be taken in its most 
 comprehensive sense. I have no intention, at this time, of attempting a strict definition 
 of the word, or of discussing the forces upon which solution may depend. In the pres- 
 ent state of science, the collection of experimental data, and the study and comparison 
 of well-authenticated special observations, seem to be of far greater importance than 
 the disputes of the earlier chemists whether the phenomena in question should be re- 
 ferred to the domain of chemical affinity, or be studied as a purely physical problem.* 
 
 * '' Dans les sciences naturelles, et surtout dans la ckimie, les generalites doivent re'sulter de la connais- 
 sance minutieuse de chaque fait, et non la pre'ce'der." Gay-Lussac, Premier Memoire sur la Dissolvblliie 
 dts Sets dans VEau. 
 
PREFACE. , V 
 
 It need only be remarked, that I am accustomed to class among phenomena of solubility 
 all those reactions of liquids upon solids or gases, and those combinations of liquids 
 with liquids, excluding for the present molten metals and other substances in a state 
 of igneous fusion, in which the chemical force, as understood by Berzelius, for in- 
 stance, is not the principal and as it were overwhelming force in action ; we may have, 
 perhaps, " solution " depending upon merely physical forces, like adhesion or cohesion, 
 and also upon these forces plus a certain amount of chemical force. It can indeed 
 hardly admit of a doubt that the chemical force is exerted in many cases of solution, 
 while at the same time other forces unquestionably come into play ; in which connection 
 the old adage, that " like dissolves like," should be borne in mind. Hence, while the 
 manifestations of chemical affinity proper, as evinced by the combination of bodies in 
 simple and definite proportions, constitute the main subject of chemical text-books, many 
 of the less clearly defined phenomena of chemical science may fairly come within the 
 scope of a treatise on solubilities. Thus, though in the term " solubility of a sub- 
 stance," we ordinarily include only the comportment of the substance towards water, 
 alcohol, wood-spirit, ether, oil of turpentine, benzin, and analogous hydrocarbons, and 
 the other " neutral solvents," it is obviously sometimes proper to add observations on 
 the action of acids and alkalies ; for example, any account of the solubility of nitrate of 
 baryta would be manifestly incomplete without a statement of the fact that this salt is 
 taken up but sparingly by nitric acid. Again, in the solution of chloride of silver in 
 ammonia-water, and that of various salts, as sulphate of lime, for example, in acids, 
 there are probably at work other forces than the usual solvent power ; but until the 
 whole theory of solution is better understood, we must be content to treat of these allied 
 phenomena under the same general head of " solubilities." Pains have also been taken 
 to bring forward facts known respecting those cases in which two or more salts acting 
 upon each other in presence of water, or the like, are, to a certain extent, mutually de- 
 composed and dissolved, as in the familiar instance of nitrate of potash and chloride of 
 sodium, which promote each other's solubility ; or that of the reciprocal decomposition 
 which ensues when sulphate of baryta is treated with a solution of an alkaline car- 
 bonate. 
 
 Any extended discussion of the methods ordinainly employed in determining solubili- 
 ties, and the precautions necessary to insure accuracy, would perhaps hardly be in place 
 in a mere compilation of results like the present work. Directions for making such 
 experiments may be found in several chemical hand-books ; for example, in Frese- 
 nius's System of Instruction in Quantitative Chemical Analysis, or, better, in the origi- 
 nal memoirs of those chemists who have occupied themselves with the experimental 
 determination of solubilities, references to which may be found in the body of this work. 
 It may, nevertheless, be well to remark here, that the text-books do not usually lay suf- 
 ficient stress upon the preparation of the solution of the substance under examination ; 
 and yet this is the single fundamental point of a correct determination, the other steps 
 of the process being altogether subsidiary, and in general easy of execution as well as 
 comparatively free from sources of error. It is commonly stated that an exactly satu- 
 rated solution of a salt may be prepared either by exposing a large excess of the salt to 
 the action of the solvent during several hours at the desired temperature [method by 
 digestion'], or by heating a mixture of the salt and solvent until a strong solution has 
 been obtained at a temperature higher than that at which the determination is . to be 
 made, and then cooling this solution to the desired degree, and maintaining it at this 
 point /or some time in contact with crystals of the salt, the whole being frequently agi- 
 tated [method of cooling}. Now the latter method, though theoretically correct, is in 
 
Vi PREFACE. 
 
 practice peculiarly liable to error, and great care should consequently be exercised in 
 employing it. It is no doubt true, that, as regards most substances, the saturated solu- 
 tions prepared by either method would finally coincide in composition, provided the 
 cooled solution be allowed to stand, under proper conditions, for a sufficient length of 
 time. Yet it is often exceedingly difficult thus to obtain normally saturated solutions, 
 even of our most common and easily crystallized salts, within the limits of time which 
 can be conveniently allotted to a single experiment. This depends upon the tendency 
 of the solutions of many, if not of most, substances to an indeterminate supersaturation 
 when cooled from a higher to a lower temperature. This supersaturation is not always 
 to be easily detected unless comparative solutions are prepared by the method of diges- 
 tion, and the length of time required by any given solution to assume the normal condi- 
 tion is a point not readily ascertained. Gay-Lussac, in his classical memoir upon the 
 solubility of salts in water,* enjoins the necessity of maintaining the final temperature 
 constant during at least two hours, f His own experiments were made in the cellar of 
 the Observatory at Paris, in which the thermometer varies but a fraction of a degree 
 centigrade in the course of the year ; they are unquestionably correct in themselves, and 
 there can be little doubt that his statement regarding the preparation of normally satu- 
 rated solutions by the method of cooling is true, not only for the limited number of 
 salts upon which he operated, but in general for crystalline substances. Yet the rule 
 seems hardly safe to be followed in all cases by experimenters less favorably circum- 
 stanced, and is obviously inapplicable to numerous uncrystallizable substances, or those 
 liable to pass into an amorphous, gum-like condition, or to undergo other molecular 
 changes. The difficulty of avoiding supersaturation is moreover illustrated by the ex- 
 perience of Legrand, who found that solutions might become supersaturated to a certain 
 extent even while they were actually boiling. J Indeed, it is my opinion, that, next to 
 impurity of the material operated upon, by which many published determinations have 
 unquestionably been vitiated, there is no source of error so grave, none which has so 
 seldom been fully guarded against, or so often altogether overlooked, as this tendency to 
 supersaturation. 
 
 On the other hand, in the preparation of solutions by the method of digestion, a diffi- 
 culty is encountered in the tendency of many substances, like arsenious acid, for exam- 
 ple, to dissolve with extreme slowness ; this can, however, be overcome by the exercise 
 of patience, and, in any event, admits of being detected and controlled. It would, there- 
 fore, appear that, where practicable, the method by digestion should generally be pre- 
 ferred, at least for temperatures low enough to insure the experiment against the influ- 
 ence of evaporation. The completion of the solution can then always be ascertained 
 by determining from time to time the amount of substance dissolved ; the operation 
 being considered finished when the results of two of these tests accord with each other. 
 As frequent agitation is indispensable, some process of stirring by machinery moved by 
 clock-work, analogous to that described in Mohr's Lehrbuch der pharmaceutischen Tech- 
 nik, might probably here be used with advantage.^ Kemp's regulator || for maintaining 
 constant temperatures might also be found serviceable in some cases. 
 
 * Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 1819, (2.) 11. 298. 
 
 t " Dans chaqne cas il faut maintenir constante la temperature finale pendant deux heures au moins, et 
 remuer fre"quemment la dissolution saline, pour etre bien assure 1 de sa parfaite saturation." 
 
 J " II semble d'abord que pour avoir cette temperature, il n'y a qu'a observer celle a laquelle le sel commence 
 a se de"poser ; mais on n'aurait ainsi rien de constant, il faut prendre celle qui a lieu pendant que le sel se depose. 
 En effet, j'ai remarque" que la dissolution pouvait se saturer malgre' le mouvement d' Ebullition, et atteindre 
 une temperature de plus en plus e'leve'e; mais aussitot que le sel se depose, le thermometre redescend en un 
 point ou il se tient parfaitement fixe." Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 59. 428. 
 
 Compare Berzelius, in his Lehrbuch, 3. 32, et seq. 
 
 11 Liebig $ Kopp's Jahresbericht, 3. 620 3 10. 612 ; 12. 709 3 also Journ. of the Franklin Instil., (3.) 25. 319. 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 It was my original intention to designate the method employed in determining each 
 of the solubilities given, whenever this could be ascertained ; but in the present stage of 
 the work this idea cannot be conveniently carried out. It may be said, in this connec- 
 tion, that the commendable example of several recent investigators, who have carefully 
 stated the details of the methods employed by them in obtaining saturated solutions, 
 ought to be generally followed. 
 
 The alphabetical arrangement adopted I believe to be altogether the best for a work 
 of this kind. Several slight departures from the purely alphabetical order were, how- 
 ever, deemed advisable. Thus, the names of acids are made to precede the names of 
 their salts : Sulphuric Acid, for example, standing immediately before Sulphate of 
 Acediamin, the first in the list of Sulphates. In the arrangement of the names of the 
 radicals constituting the compound ammonias, custom seems to have already determined 
 a different arrangement, as in " Hydrate of MethylEthylAmylammonium," * instead 
 of Hydrate of AmylEthylMethylammonium, which a strictly alphabetical system 
 would require. 
 
 Prefixes, as bi, di, etc., being mere appendages to the names of substances, have not 
 been allowed to separate names which really belong together. Thus, .Si-Chromate of 
 Potash will be found next to Chromate of Potash, and not among substances the names 
 of which begin with B. In all cases these prefixes have been printed in italics, in order 
 to indicate more clearly their extrinsic character. 
 
 Many synonymes have been unavoidably omitted ; but as an aid to the identification 
 of compounds, all established formulae have been given. In choosing from the multi- 
 plicity of names which in many instances have been applied to a single substance, I 
 have usually endeavored to select the one which would probably be most familiar to the 
 general reader, without holding strictly to any particular system of nomenclature ; and 
 the same remark applies to the formulas employed. In making this statement, I must, 
 however, confess that I should have preferred a more uniform system. Had the excel- 
 lent work of Weltzien on Organic Compounds f been published earlier, it is probable 
 that many of the names therein suggested would have been incorporated into the pres- 
 ent work ; as it is, several praiseworthy innovations have been adopted from it, for which 
 I would here express my acknowledgments. 
 
 In the matter of prefixes, the English custom has been followed of employing those 
 of Latin origin, as In, ter, quadri,\ guinqui, &c., in case the acid or electro-negative in- 
 gredient of the compound is doubled, trebled, &c., and the abbreviated Greek nu- 
 meral adverbs di, tri, tetra, penta, &c., when the basic or electro-positive constituent is 
 multiplied ; thus, fo'-Chromate of Potash refers to the compound K O -f- 2 CrO 3 , and ter- 
 Chloride of Antimony to the compound Sb C1 3 ; while di- or c&'n-Oxide of Mercury 
 refers to the compound Hg. 2 O, and tri- or iris- Acetate of Lead to the compound 
 3 Pb -|- C 4 H 3 3 . In many of the names of organic compounds terminating in yl(e), 
 in(e), and.-tW(e), the final French e has been dropped, in accordance with the usage of 
 several standard authors. A sufficient reason for this omission is found in our liability 
 to confound such words as Camphene (of Berthelot), and Camphin (of Glaus), if the 
 latter be written with a final e and pronounced accordingly. Moreover, there can be 
 no propriety in attaching to this last term, which, with Benzin, Ethyl, and many others, 
 has been transferred to our language from the German, a letter not used in the original, 
 and answering no purpose in our own tongue. If it be argued by some, that the ety- 
 
 * In most of these exceptional instances the names of the radicals are in the order of the homologous series, 
 t Sysiematische Zusammenstellung der organischen Verbindungen. Von C. Weltzieu. Braunschweig, 1860. 
 t Introduced by Wollaston. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 mology of our language demands that the final e should be likewise omitted from the 
 names chloride, sulphide, nitride, etc.,* it may be replied, that the case is hardly paral- 
 lel, for all these names have become thoroughly incorporated by common consent in the 
 language of science, and cannot now well be changed ; and, moreover, no confusion can 
 arise in this case from retaining the e, whereas the terms designating the above-men- 
 tioned organic compounds are still unsettled, and have acquired no such circulation in 
 general literature. 
 
 The Centigrade thermometric scale is employed throughout the work ; but, for the con- 
 venience of those who use other thermometers, a comparative table of the different 
 scales is given in the Appendix. 
 
 In stating the degree of solubility of substances, each of the several methods em- 
 ployed by chemists has been sometimes followed, no attempt having been made to reduce 
 the various expressions of different authors to any uniform mode of statement. The 
 following proportions may consequently be found convenient in making such reduction. 
 When the expression " 100 parts of water dissolve x parts of the substance " is used, x 
 is a quantity determined in the following manner. If the weight of the saturated so- 
 lution taken be called W, and the weight of substance found to be therein dissolved 
 be w, then ( W w) will equal the weight of the water ; and ( W- w) : w = 100 : x, or 
 
 a?= ~ - And if y represent the weight of water required to dissolve one part of 
 
 (W w \ 
 
 the substance, then x : 100 = 1 : y, or w : ( W w) = I : y, or y = - J. If the state- 
 ment is one of percents, the relation is, of course, W:w = 100 : n%. 
 
 In preparing any compilation, there must always be great difficulty in bringing the 
 subject up to the date of publication, and this is especially true of a work like the 
 present, which, as has been already explained, only presents the outlines of the subject. 
 It is unnecessary to particularize the various delays which have tended to aggravate the 
 difficulty in question to so great an extent, that the date of this Preface is some months 
 later than the real date of the work. 
 
 I am not insensible to the fact that many errors and imperfections will be discovered 
 in the following pages. In the words of Lempriere, " A Dictionary, the candid reader 
 is well aware, cannot be made perfect all at once ; it must still have its faults and omis- 
 sions, however cautious and vigilant the author may have been, and in every page there 
 may be found, in the opinion of some, room for improvement and for addition." 
 
 In conclusion, I again beg the reader, who may detect errors, to bring them to my 
 attention.! 
 
 F. H. S. 
 BOSTON, April, 1862. 
 
 * Compare the article Nomenclature in Rees's Cyclopcedia, 1st Phila. edit., Vol. 26, column 5 of the 
 article; and Prof. J. D. Dana, in Am. J. Sci., 1848, (2.) 5. 437. 
 
 t Communications addressed to the author in care of the Smithsonian- Institution will be forwarded, if 
 placed in the hands of any agent of this Institution, or delivered to any of the numerous learned societies in 
 correspondence with it. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Amer. Journ. Pharm., American Journal of Phar- 
 macy, published by authority of the Philadel- 
 phia College of Pharmacy. Now edited by W. 
 Procter, Jr., 30 vols., Philadelphia, 1830-58, 
 continued. 
 
 Am.J. Sci. (1.) and (2.), The American Jour- 
 nal of Science and Arts. First Series, by B. Sil- 
 liman, 50 vols., New Haven, 1818-45. Second 
 Series, by B. Silliman, B. Silliman, Jr., and 
 J. I). Dana, 28 vols., 1846-59, continued. 
 
 Ann. Ch.et Phys. (2.) and (3.), Annales de Chi- 
 mie et de Physique. Second Series, by Gay-Lus- 
 sac, Ai ago, &c., 75 vols., Paris, 1816-40. "Third 
 Series, by Gay-Lussac, Arago, Chevreul, Sava- 
 ry, Dumas, Pelouze, Boussingault, Regnault, 
 and De Senarmont, 53 vols., 1841-58, con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., Annalen der Chemie und 
 Pharmacie (a continuation of Ann. Pharm. q. v.), 
 by F. Wcehler and J. Liebig, afterwards by 
 Wcehler, Liebig, and H. Kopp. 100 vols. (in- 
 cluding the 32 vols. of Ann. Pharm.), Heidel- 
 berg, 1840 - 56, continued. 
 
 Ann. de Chim., Annales de Chimie, ou recueil de 
 Memoires concernant la Chimie et les Arts qui 
 en dependent, et specialement la Pharmacie, by 
 De Morveau and others. 96 vols., Paris, 1781- 
 1815. 
 
 Ann. Min. (or Ann.des Mines), (I.), (2.), (3.), (4.), 
 and (5.), Annales des Mines, ou recueil de 
 Memoires sur 1'Exploitation des Mines et sur les 
 Sciences et les Arts qui s'y rapportent ; re'dige'es 
 par les Inge'nieurs des Mines. First Series, 13 
 vols., Paris, 1817-26. Second Series, 8 vols., 
 1827-30. Third Series, 20 vols., 1832-41. 
 Fourth Series, 20 vols., 1 842 - 5 1 . Fifth Series, 
 14 vols., 1852 - 58, continued. 
 
 Ann. Pharm., Annalen der Pharmacie, edited at 
 first by R. Brandes, Geiger, and Liebig ; and 
 finally by Woehler and Liebig. 32 vols., Hei- 
 delberg, 1832-39, continued as Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., q. v. 
 
 Ann. Phil. (I.), and (2. or N. S.), Annals of 
 Philosophy ; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Min- 
 eralogy, Mechanics, Natural History, Agricul- 
 ture, and the Arts. By Thomas Thomson. 16 
 vols., London, 1813 - 20. Second Series, under 
 the title, The Annals of Philosophy, New Series. 
 [Edited by R. Phillips.] 12 vols., 1821-26. 
 [Afterwards united with the Phil. Mag., q. v.] 
 
 Beilriige. See Glaus. 
 
 Bergman's Essays, Physical and Chemical Es- 
 says, by T. Bergman. Translated by E. Cullen. 
 2 vols., London, 1788. 
 
 Berlin Abhandl., Abhandlungen der koniglichen 
 Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 
 b 
 
 Berzelius's Jahrb., Jahres-Bericht iiber die Fort- 
 schritte der physischen Wissenschaften, by J. 
 Berzelius. (After the 21st vol., under the title, 
 Jahresbericht iiber die Fortschritte der Chemie und 
 Mineralogie.) 30 vols., Tubingen, 1822-51. 
 
 Berzelius's Lehrb., Lehrbuch der Chemie, by J. 
 J. Berzelius. Fifth edition, in 5 vols , Dresden 
 and Leipzig, 1843-48. 
 
 Brandes' 's Archiv. (1.), (2.), Archiv des Apothe- 
 kervereins im nordlichen Teutschland, fur die 
 Pharmazie und deren Hiilfswissenschaften, by 
 R. Brandes. First Series, 39 vols., Schmalkal- 
 den andLemgo, 1822-31. Second Series, under 
 the title, Archiv der Pharmacie des Apotheker- 
 Vereins im nordlichen Teutschland, by R. Brandes 
 and H. Wackenroder, subsequently by L. Bley, 
 84 vols., Lemgo and Hannover, 1835-55, con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Brewster's Journal, (1.), (2.), The Edinburgh 
 Journal of Science, by D. Brewster. First Se- 
 ries, 10 vols., 1824-29. New Series, 6 vols., 
 1829-32. 
 
 Bunsen's Gasometry, Gasometry, comprising the 
 leading Physical and Chemical Properties of 
 Gases, by R. Bunsen. Translated by H. E. 
 Roscoe. London, 1857, 8vo, pp. 298. 
 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, Jahresbericht iiber die 
 Fortschritte der gesammten Pharmacie und 
 Pharmacologie im In- und Aus-lande, by Profs. 
 Dierbach and Martins, and others. [Scparat- 
 Abdruck fur Pharmaceuten aus Canstatt's 
 Jahresbericht iiber die Fortschritte der gesamm- 
 ten Medicin in alien Landern.] Erlangen, 1842 
 - 58, continued. 
 
 Chem. Centr.-B. Vid. Pharm. Centr.-B. 
 
 Claus, Beitrdge, Beitrage zur Chemie der Pla- 
 tinmetalle, by Dr. Carl Claus. Dorpat, 1854. 
 
 C. R., Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Se- 
 ances de rAc-ademie des Sciences, publics par 
 MM. les Secretaires perpetuels. 49 vols., Paris, 
 1835 -59, continued. 
 
 CreWs Ann., Chemische Annalen fur die Freunde 
 der Naturlehre, Arzneygelahrtheit, Haushal- 
 tungskunst und Manufacturen, by L. Crell. 40 
 vols. Helmstadt and Leipzig, 1784 - 1804. 
 
 Dalton's New System, A New System of Chem- 
 ical Philosophy, by John Dalton. 8vo. Man- 
 chester, Vol. II. pt. 2, 1810, and pt. 1, 1827. 
 
 Denkschriften der Wiener Akad., Denkschriften 
 der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 
 Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe. 15 
 vols., Vienna, 1850- 58, continued. 
 
 Dingler's polytech. Journ., Poly technisches Jour- 
 nal, edited at first by J. G. Dingier, afterwards 
 by E. M. Dingier. 150 vols., Stuttgart and 
 Augsburg, 1820-58, continued. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Dumas, Tr., Traite de Chimie appliquee aux 
 Arts, by Dumas. 8 vols., Liege, 1847, 8vo. 
 
 Edin. Phil. Journ., The Edinburgh Philosophi- 
 cal Journal, by Brewster and Jameson. 14 vols , 
 Edinburgh, 1819-26. Continued as Edin. New 
 Phil. Journ., q. v. 
 
 Edin. New Phil. Journ., The Edinburgh New 
 Philosophical Journal, by Jameson. 57 vols., 
 Edinburgh, 1826 -54, continued in a new series. 
 
 Essays. See Bergman. 
 
 Ferrusac's Bulletin, Bulletin des Sciences Mathe- 
 matiques, Astronomiques, Physiques, et Chi- 
 miques. Premiere Section du Bulletin Univer- 
 sel des Sciences et de 1'Industrie, public sous la 
 direction de M. le Baron de Fe'russac. 16 vols., 
 Paris, 1824-31. 
 
 Fresenius's Quant., Anleitung zur quantitativen 
 chemischen Analyse, by C. R. Fresenius. 4*" 
 Aufl., Braunschweig, 1858. 
 
 Qnal., Anleitung zur qualitativen chcmi- 
 
 schen Analyse. 10** Aufl., Braunschweig, 1860. 
 
 Gehlen's Journ. fur Ch. Phys. it. Min., Journal 
 fur die Chcmie und Physik, by A. F. Gehlen ; 
 afterwards under the title, Journal fur die Chemie, 
 Physik, und Mineralogie. 9 vols., Berlin, 1806 - 
 10. An earlier journal by Gchlen was entitled 
 Neues allgemeines Journal der Chemie, 6 vols., 
 Berlin, 1803-1806. 
 
 Gerhardt's Tr , Traite de Chimie Organique, 
 by Ch. Gerhardt. 4 vols,, Paris, 1853 - 56, 8vo. 
 
 Gerlach's <Sp. Gew. der Sulzlosungen, Specifische 
 Gewichte der gebrauchlichsten Salzlosungen bei 
 verschiedenen Concentrationsgraden, by Dr. G. 
 Th. Gerlach. Freiberg, 1859, 8vo, pp. 124. 
 
 Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., Annalen der Physik, 
 by L. VV. Gilbert. 76 vols., Halle and Leipzig, 
 1799- 1824. 
 
 Gin., Gmelin, or Gmelin's Handliook, Handbook 
 of Chemistry, by Leopold Gmelin. Translated 
 by H. Watts. 14 vols., London (Cavendish So- 
 ciety), 1848- 60, continued. 
 
 Ilandua. = Handwaerterbuch. See Wittstein. 
 
 Jahresbericht. See Berzelius, Canstatt, and Liebig 
 Sf Kopp. 
 
 J. Ch. Mcd. (L), (2.), (3.), (4.), Journal de 
 Chimie Medicate, de Pharmacie, et de Toxi- 
 cologie, by Chevallier, and others. First Series, 
 10 vols., Paris, 1825-34. Second Series, 10 
 vols., 1835-44. Third Series, 10 vols., 1845- 
 54. Fourth Series, 4 vols., 1855-58, continued. 
 
 J. Ch. Soc., The Quarterly Journal of the Chem- 
 ical Society of London. 10 vols., London, 
 1849-58, continued. 
 
 Journ. de Pharm. (2.) and (3.), Journal de 
 Pharmacie et des Sciences Accessoires, by Ca- 
 det and others, Second Series, 27 vols., Paris, 
 1815-41. Third Series, under the title, Journal 
 de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 34 vols., 1842-58, 
 cont.inied. The first series of this journal was 
 called Bulletin de Pharmacie, 6 vols., 1809 - 14. 
 
 Journ. Fr. Inst. (1.), (2. or N. S.), and (3.), 
 Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State 
 of Pennsylvania. First Series, by T. P. Jones, 
 4 vols, Philadelphia, 1826 - 7. Second or New 
 Series, by Jones [and Thomas ?], 26 vols., 1828 
 -40. Third Series, by Jones, and afterwards 
 by J. F. Frnzer, 35 vols., 1841 -58, continued. 
 
 J.pr. Ch., Journal fur praktische Chemie, by 
 O. L. Erdmann and Schweigger-Seidel, after- 
 wards by Erdmann and R. F. Marchand, and 
 finally by Erdmann and G. Werther. 72 vols., 
 Leipzig, 1834-57, continued. 
 
 Karsten's Archiv, ) Archiv fur Minera- 
 
 Karsten u. v. Dechen's Archiv, ) logic, Geognosie, 
 Bergbati und Hiittenkunde, by C. J. B. Kars- 
 
 ten, afterwards by Karsten and H. v. Dechen. 
 26 vols., Berlin, 1829-54. 
 
 Kastner's Archiv, Archiv f iir die gesammte Na- 
 turlehre, also, after 1830, under the title, Archiv 
 fur Chemie und Meteorologie, by K. W. G. Kast- 
 ner. 25 vols., Niirnberg, 1824-35. 
 
 Kolbe's Lehrb., Ausfuhrliches Lehrbuch der or- 
 ganischen Chemie, by Dr. Hermann Kolbe. 
 Vol. I., Braunschweig, 1854- 1859, continued. 
 
 Kopp Sf Will's J. B. See Liebig fr Kopp's J. B. 
 
 Laurent's Chemical Method, Chemical Method, 
 Notation, Classification, and Nomenclature, by 
 A. Laurent. Translated by W. Odling. Lon- 
 don (Cavendish Society), 1855. 
 
 Lehrb. Lehrbuch. See Berzelius, Kolbe., Ot.-Gr. 
 
 Liebig Sf Kopp's J. B., Jahresbericht iiber die 
 Fortsohritte der Chemie und verwandter Theile 
 anderer Wissenschaften, by J. Liebig und H. 
 Kopp, afterwards by H. Kopp and H. Will. 14 
 vols., Giessen, 1847 - 60, continued. 
 
 Mem. Amer. Acad. (1.) and (N. S.), Memoirs of 
 the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 
 First Series, 4 vols., Boston, 1785- 1821. New 
 Series, 8 vols., Boston and Cambridge, 1833- 
 61, continued. 
 
 M. R. fy P. = Mohr, Redwood, and Procter, 
 Practical Pharmacy, by F. Mohr and T. Red- 
 wood. Edited, with extensive additions, by 
 William Procter, Jr. Philadelphia, 1849. 
 
 Mulder's Silber-Probirmethode, Die Silber-Probir- 
 methode, by G. J. Mulder. Leipzig, 1859. 
 
 Nicholson's Journ. of Nat. Phil., A Journal of 
 Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, 
 by W. Nicholson. 34 vols., London, 1802 - 13. 
 
 Ot.-Gr. (or Otto-Graham), Ausfuhrliches Lehr- 
 buch der anorganischen Chemie, by F. J. Otto. 
 3d edit.. 3 vols., Braunschweig, 1855. 
 
 Parrish's Pharm., An Introduction to Practical 
 Pharmacy, by Edward Parrish. 2d edit., Phila- 
 delphia, 1859, 8vo, pp. 720. 
 
 Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., Introduction a 1'Etude de 
 la Chimie Moleculaire, by J. Persoz. Paris, 
 Bailliere, 1839. 
 
 Pharm. Centr.-B., Pharmaceutisches Central- 
 Blatt, since 1850 under the title Chemisch-Phar- 
 maceutisch Central-Blalt. Leipzig, 1 830 - 58, con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Pharm. J. Trans., Pharmaceutical Journal and 
 Transactions, edited by J. Bell. 18 vols., Lon- 
 don, 1841 -59, continued. 
 
 Phil. Mag. (1.), (2. or JSI. S.), (3.), and (4), The 
 Philosophical Magazine, by A.Tilloch. afterwards 
 by R. Taylor under the title Philosophical Maga- 
 zine and Journal, 68 vols., London, 1798-1826. 
 Second Series, under the title Philosophical Mag- 
 azine, or Annals of Chemistry, &c., by R. Tavlor 
 and R. Phillips, 'll vols., 1827-32. Third* Se- 
 ries, under the title London and Edinburgh (and 
 Dublin) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of 
 Science, by Brewster, Taylor, and Phillips, after- 
 wards with R. Kane, 37 vols., 1832 -50. Fourth 
 Series, edited by the above, W. Francis, and J. 
 Tyndall, 20 vols., 1851 -60, continued. 
 
 Phil. Trans., Philosophical Transactions of the 
 Royal Society of London. 148 vols., London, 
 1665 - 1 858, continued. 
 
 Poqq. Ann., Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 
 by J. C. Poggendorff. 105 vols., Leipzig, 1824 
 - 58, continued. 
 
 Proc. Amer' Acad., Proceedings of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston 
 and Cambridge, 5 vols., 1848-62, continued. 
 
 Proc. Amer. Assoc., Proceedings of the Ameri- 
 can Association for the Advancement of Sci- 
 ence. . 14 vols., 1848-60. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 XI 
 
 Proc.. Amer. Phil. Soc., Proceedings of the Amer- 
 ican Philosophical Society. 8 vols., Philadel- 
 phia, 18 -- 1861, continued. 
 
 ^.Fresenius. 
 
 Quar. J. Sci. (also Journ. Royal Inst. ofGt. Br.), 
 The Journal of Science and the Arts, edited at 
 the Royal Institution of Great Britain. After 
 the sixth volume, in 1819, under the title, The 
 Quarterly Journal of Literature, Science, and the 
 Arts, until the thirtieth volume, in 1830, when 
 the title was changed to The Journal of the Royal 
 Institution of Great Britain. Altogether 31^ 
 vols., London, 1816-31. 
 
 Rep. Br. Assoc., Report of the - Meeting 
 of the British Association fo*the Advancement 
 of Science. London, 1831-58, 27 vols., con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Rose's Tr., Traite' complet de Chimie Analy- 
 tique, by II. Rose. 1st vol., Paris, 1858, con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Scherer's Journ., Allgemeines Journal der Che- 
 mie, by A. N. Scherer. 10 vols., Leipzig, 1798 
 -1803. 
 
 Schubarth's Tech. Chem., Handbuch der techni- 
 schen Chemie, von E. L. Schubarth. 3"> Ausg., 
 3 vols., Berlin, 1839-40. 
 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., Journal fur 
 Chemie und Physik, by J. S. C. Schweigger, 
 and afterwards with Schweigger-Seidel. 69 
 vols., Niirnberg and Halle, 1811-33. 
 
 Smithson. Contrib,, Smithsonian Contributions 
 to Knowledge, II vols., Washington, 1848-60, 
 continued. 
 
 [7 1 .], or Thomson's System, A System of Chem- 
 istry of Inorganic Bodies, by Thomas Thom- 
 son, M. D. 7th edition in 2 vols., London, 
 1831. 
 
 t/re's Diet., A Dictionary of Chemistry, by A. 
 Ure, M. D. London, 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Ure's Diet, of Arts, A Dictionary of Arts, Man- 
 ufactures, and Mines, by A. Ure, M. D. Bos- 
 ton, 1853, 2 vols., 8vo. 
 
 Wien. Acad. Benefit., Sitzungsberichte der ma- 
 thcmatisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der 
 kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 33 
 vols., Vienna, 18 58, continued. 
 
 Wittsteiri's Handw., Vollstandiges etymologisch- 
 chemisches Handworterbuch, mit Berucksichti- 
 gung der Geschichte und Literatur der Chemie. 
 Zugleich als synoptische Encyclopedic der 
 gesammten Chemie. 2 vols. and 3 supplements, 
 Munich, 1846-58. 
 
 All temperatures are given in degrees of the j The names of authors who have labored in con- 
 Centigrade thermometer, excepting when other- cert are connected by the character $-, not by 
 
 wise expressly stated. 
 
 In the references to authorities, the larger figures 
 indicate the volume, and the smaller figures the 
 page, of the journal or work alluded to ; single 
 figures in parentheses ( ) denote the number of the 
 series of the journal. 
 
 and. 
 
 Ppt. = Precipitate. 
 
 Pt. = Part. 
 
 % = Per cent. 
 
 ( = to ; as, 9 1 10%, from 9 to 10 per cent. 
 
FIRST OUTLINES 
 
 OF 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SOLUBILITIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES. 
 
 cetone. ChlorAcePlatin.) 
 C 1J H 10 Cl 2 Pt 2 2 (?) 
 
 ABIETIO ACID. ) g ee under RESINS (of Tur- 
 
 ABIETIN. ) pentine). 
 
 ABOLEIC ACID. Vid. GEnanthylic Acid. 
 
 ABSINTHIN. Scarcely soluble in 1000 parts of 
 (Absyntkin. Bitter water ; more easily soluble in 
 of Wormwood.) ether, and still more readily 
 C 32 H 22 10 . n a ,J. oho , (Mein.) Soluble 
 
 in concentrated acetic acid, from which it is par- 
 tially reprecipitated on the addition of water, and 
 in the strong mineral acids with more or less 
 decomposition. Sparingly soluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 ACECHLORPLATIN. Very sparingly soluble in 
 ( Proto Chloride of Platinum with water; the aqueous 
 Oxide of Mesityl; or with Meta- solution undergoing 
 partial decomposi- 
 tion when left to it- 
 self, and more quickly on being heated. Ether 
 dissolves but little of it; alcohol somewhat more, 
 especially if it be hot, the compound crystalliz- 
 ing out unchanged as the solution cools. Much 
 more abundantly soluble in acetone, though 1 pt. 
 of acetone dissolves scarcely more than -fa pt. of 
 it at the ordinary temperature, and but little more 
 at higher temperatures. Chlorhydric acid, even 
 when concentrated, dissolves it only at elevated 
 temperatures, but the acid solution is not percepti- 
 bly decomposed by boiling. Completely soluble, 
 with alteration in a solution of caustic potash. 
 Very much more abundantly soluble at the ordi- 
 nary temperature in aqueous solutions of the chlo- 
 rides of potassium or sodium than in pure water; 
 at more elevated temperatures these solutions dis- 
 solve still more of it, and no decomposition occurs 
 even on continuous boiling. (Zeise, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1840, 33. 41.) 
 
 ACECHLOKPLATINAMMONIA. Remarkably 
 easily and very abundantly soluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. An excess of ether 
 precipitates it from the alcoholic solution. Pure 
 acetone has but little solvent action upon it. 
 (Zeise, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 33. 59.) 
 
 ACEDIAMIN. C 4 H,N,= N 2 |^ H s'" Notisolated. 
 
 ACEPHOGENIC ACID. Very soluble in water. 
 (Acephosgenic Most of its salts are insoluble, or but 
 sparingly soluble in water. (Zeise, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 504, 505.) 
 
 ACEPHOGENATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 (Zeise, loc. cit., pp. 503, 504.) 
 1 
 
 ACEPHOGENATE OP LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 (Zeise, loc. cit., pp. 503, 504.) 
 
 ACEPHOGENATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 ACEPHOGENATE OF SODA. More soluble in 
 water than phosphate of soda. (Zeise, loc. cit., 
 p. 503.) 
 
 ACEPHOSIC ACID. Very soluble in water. 
 (Acepkoric Most of its salts are easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Zeise, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 504, 505.) 
 
 ACEPHOSATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Gm.) 
 
 ACEPHOSATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Zeise, loc. cit.) 
 
 ACEPHOSATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol, but on evaporating the aqueous solution 
 a portion of the lead salt passes into the insoluble 
 state. (Zeise, loc. cit.) 
 
 ACEPHOSATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. Ether precipitates it from the alcoholic 
 solution. (Zeise, foe. cit., p. 503.) 
 
 ACEPHOSATE OF SILVEK. Ppt. 
 
 ACEPHOSATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Gm.) 
 
 ACETAL. Soluble in about 18 vols. water at 
 (Ethylate of Etkylene.) 25, less soluble as the 
 C,~H..O.*= ^ I JA { OA temperature is more ele- 
 
 cit.) Soluble in 6 7 pts. water. (Liebig.) 
 Miscible in all proportions with alcohol and ether. 
 Soluble in monohydrated sulphuric acid, with sub- 
 sequent decomposition. Chloride of calcium, and 
 in general all very soluble salts, when added to 
 its solution in water, cause it to separate out. 
 From the alcoholic solution chloride of calcium 
 does not precipitate it unless water is added at 
 the same time. (Stas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 
 150.) 
 
 ACETAMIC ACID. Identical with Glycocoll, 
 q. v. 
 
 ACETAMID. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 
 (Acetic Amid. Acetylnmid.) the Solution UndergO- 
 
 C 4 H 5 NO, = N | ^ H s2 jng decomposition when 
 boiled. Soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. Decomposed by acids and by 
 alkaline solutions. (Strecker.) 
 
 ACETAMID with <&'ACETAMID. Readily sol- 
 C 4 H 5 N0 2 , C 8 H, N0 4 able in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. (Strecker.) 
 
2 ACETIC 
 
 3 ACID. 
 
 ACETAMID with MERCURY. Vid. Mercuric) 
 
 ^ Q Hi. Per Cent f <3r Pi- Per Oent f ^ n P er Cent <>f 
 
 Acetamid. 
 
 op.wr. p TT A op.vfr. r 1 TI A opvr /i TI A 
 
 v>4 i-i^ V/4 \; 11^ V/^. \j ll^ v^. 
 
 
 1.061 . . 51 1.0700 . . 68 1.0730 . . 85 
 
 ACETAMID with SILVER. Vid. ArgentAce- 
 
 1.062 52 10700 69 1.0730 86 
 
 tamid. 
 
 1.063 53 1.0700 70 10730 87 
 
 Di ACETAMID. Very easily soluble in water, 
 
 1.063 54 1.0710 71 1.0730 88 
 
 C 8 H 7 N0 4 = N ) (4H 3 2 ) 2 alcohol, and ether. De- 
 
 1.064 55 1.0710 72 1.0730 89 
 
 composed when boiled 
 
 1.064 56 1.0720 73 1.0730 90 
 
 with acids. (Strecker.) 
 
 1.065 57 1.0720 74 1.0721 91 
 
 ACETANILID. Vid. PhenylAcetamid. 
 
 1.066 58 1.0720 75 1.0716 92 
 .066 59 1.0730 76 1.0708 93 
 
 ACETIC ACID (ANHYDROUS). Decomposes in 
 
 .067 60 1.0732 77 1.0706 94 
 
 (Acetate of Acetyl. moist air. Not immediately mis- 
 
 .067 61 1.0732 78 1.0700 95 
 
 ^*0*BUO*T*^ ' l)le w ' t ' 1 water ' dissolving, with 
 
 .067 62 1.0735 79 1.0690 96 
 
 C*H 3 2 j 2 decomposition, only after contin- 
 
 .068 63 1.0735 80 1.0680 97 
 
 ued agitation, or on the applica- 
 
 .068 64 1.0732 81 1.0670 98 
 
 tion of heat. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 .068 65 1.0730 82 1.0655 99 
 
 37.314.) 
 
 .069 66 1.0730 83 1.0635.. 100 
 
 ACETIC ACID with ALDEHYDE (HYDRIDE 
 C 12 H 10 8 OF ACETYL). Insoluble in water. 
 
 .069. .67 1.0730. .84 
 (Mohr., Ann. Phann., 1839, 31. 284.) 
 
 (Geuther.) 
 
 q_ /-., Per cent of ,, Per cent of ~ Per cent of 
 
 ACETIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Miscible in all 
 
 "^P'^^- r* tr c\ cp.vfr. ,-, TT f\ op.vjr. n tr r 
 Vj 4 n 4 u 4 . ^ 4 u 4 u 4 . l/ 4 11 4 U 4 . 
 
 C 4 H 4 4 = C 4 H 3 3 ,HO proportions with water", 
 
 1.0075 . . 5 1.0647 . . 56 1.0750. . 80 
 
 alcohol, and many of the 
 
 1.0147 10 1.0665 58 1.0740 82 
 
 essential oils ; and with chlorhydric, sulphuric, 
 
 1.0213 15 .0675 60 1.0738 84 
 
 nitric, and phosphoric acids. Glacial acetic acid 
 
 1.0282 20 .0687 62 1.0735 86 
 
 is miscible with ether, but on the addition of water 
 
 1.0342 25 .0701 64 1.0730 88 
 
 it separates from this solution. 
 
 1.0405 30 .0712 66 10728 90 
 
 Glacial acetic acid is soluble in oil of copaiba 
 
 1.0459 35 .0716 68 1.0715 92 
 
 (Gerber). When 80 vols. of acetic acid of 1.075 
 
 1.0512 40 .0725 70 1.0700 94 
 
 sp. gr. are shaken up with 80 vols. of oil of lav- 
 
 10558 45 .0733 72 1.0680 96 
 
 ender, 45 vols. of the acid are dissolved, a weaker 
 
 1.0603 50 1.0740 74 1.0650 98 
 
 acid containing oil being left, which, if agitated 
 
 1.0617 52 1.0743 76 1.0620. .100 
 
 with 80 vols. of fresh oil, produces 110 vols. of 
 
 1.0634... 54 1.0748.. 78 
 
 oil containing acetic acid, while 5 vols. of still 
 
 (Ure (1818), in his Diet, of Arts, frc., Boston, 
 
 weaker acid remain, containing a large quantity 
 
 1853, 1. 5.) 
 
 of oil separable by water. The oil charged with 
 
 
 acetic acid gives up the greater part of this acid 
 
 Percentage of Anhydrous Acid in the Aqueous Acid, 
 
 when agitated with an equal volume of water, 
 
 at 15. 
 
 and the whole when agitated with four times the 
 
 Per cent of a Per cent of B f. Per cent of c n 
 
 quantity of water, a certain quantity of the oil 
 
 CTI n op.ur. n TT ri cp.ijr. p IT n op.wr. 
 4 a 3 vf ^4 "3 vff ^i i! 3 \Jy 
 
 dissolving in the water at the same time. ( Vau- 
 
 1.. 1.0019 30.. 1.0485 59 .. 1.0745 
 
 quelin.) 
 
 2 1.0037 31 1.0498 60 1.0749 
 
 On exposing a mixture containing 90% of C 4 H 4 
 O and 10% of water to a pressure of 1100 atmos- 
 
 3 1.0055 32 1.0510 61 1.0753 
 4 1.0072 33 1.0522 62 .0756 
 
 pheres for several minutes, it was found that 1 
 of the space occupied by it was filled with crystals 
 
 5 1.0089 34 1.0539 63 .0759 
 6 1.0107 35 1.0546 64 .0762 
 
 of very strong acid, while the remaining liquid 
 
 7 1.0124 36 1.0558 65 .0764 
 
 was only a very weak vinegar. (Perkins, Ann. 
 
 8 1.0141 37 1.0569 66 .0765 
 
 Ch. et Phys., 1823, (2 ) 23. 410.) 
 
 9 1.0159 38 1.0580 67 .0766 
 
 Concentrated acetic acid dissolves many resins 
 camphors, coloring matters, essential oils, sugars' 
 
 10 1.0177 39 1.0591 68 .0766 
 11 1.0194 40 1.0601 69 0766 
 
 gums, proteine compounds, organic acids, &c., &c! 
 
 12 1.0211 41 1.0611 70 1.0765 
 
 Percentage of Glacial Acetic Acid in the Aqueous 
 Acid. 
 
 13 .0228 42 1.0621 71 1.0763 
 14 .0245 43 1.0631 72 1.0759 
 
 
 15 .0261 44 1.0640 73 1.0754 
 
 Sp.Qr. c jj Q Sp.Gr. Q'JJ- Q Sp.Gr. p r ^f *jJ of 
 
 16 .0277 45 1.0649 74 1.0748 
 
 1.000 . . 1.024 . . 17 1.045 * 34 *' 
 
 17 .0293 46 1.0658 75 1.0741 
 
 1.001 1 1.025 18 1.046 35 
 
 18 .0310 47 1.0667 76 1.0732 
 
 1-002 2 1.026 19 1.047 36 
 
 19 .0326 48 1.0675 77 1.0722 
 
 1-004 3 1.027 20 1.048 37 
 
 20 .0342 49 1.0683 78 1.0710 
 
 1.0055 4 1.029 21 1.049 38 
 
 21 .0358 50 1.0691 79 1.0696 
 
 1.0067 5 1.031 22 1050 39 
 
 22 .0373 51 1.0698 80 1.0681 
 
 1.008 6 1.032 23 1.0513 40 
 
 23 1.0389 52 1.0705 81 1.0664 
 
 1.010 7 1.033 24 1.0515 41 
 
 24 1.0404 53 1.0711 82 1.0646 
 
 1-012 8 1.034 25 1052 42 
 
 25 1.0419 54 10717 83 1.0626 
 
 1.013 9 1.035 26 1053 43 
 
 26 1.0433 55 1.0723 84 1.0603 
 
 1-015 10 1.036 27 1.054 44 
 
 27 1.0447 56 1.0729 85 1.0574 
 
 1.016 11 1.038 28 1055 45 
 
 28 1.0460 57 1,0735 85.11 1.057* 
 
 1.017 12 1.039 29 l 055 46 
 
 29 . .1.0472 58 . . 1.0740 
 
 1.018 13 1.040 30 1056 47 
 
 (Van der Toorn, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1834, p. 571.) 
 
 1.020 14 1.041 31 1.058 48 
 
 With the exception of the salts of silver and 
 
 1.022 15 1.0424 32 1.059 49 
 
 suboxide of mercury, which are difficultly soluble, 
 
 1.023 . . 16 1.044 . . 33 1.060 . 50 
 
 
 
 * Glacial acetic acid. 
 
ACETATES. 
 
 almost all of the normal acetates are easily solu- 
 ble in water and in alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE OF ALLYL. Nearly insoluble in 
 (Acetate of Acryl. Acetate of water. Miscible in all 
 Propylenyl.) proportions with alco- 
 
 C H 8 0, = C 4 .H. (C H 5 ) 4 o j H and ether (Z . n . n 
 
 ACETATE OF ALUMIKA. 
 
 I. ) ter. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H 9 A1 2 '" OM The aqueous solution saturated at 
 12.5 contains 10.6% of it. (Hassen- 
 fratz, Ann. de C/iim., 28. 291.) A solution pre- 
 pared by decomposing pure sulphate of alumina 
 with acetate of lead may be heated without becom- 
 ing cloudy, and this no matter how concentrated 
 the solution may be ; but a solution which con- 
 tains sulphate of potash, such as is formed 
 when acetate of lead is decomposed by alum, 
 the sulphates of magnesia, soda, or ammonia, 
 chloride of sodium, or alum, deposits an abun- 
 dant precipitate on being similarly heated : this 
 precipitate gradually redissolves as the liquid 
 becomes cold, especially if it be frequently agi- 
 tated, and a transparent solution is again ob- 
 tained ; on heating the solution a second time, 
 it becomes troubled anew, and again clears up 
 on cooling. The experiment, being repeated 20 
 times, constantly afforded the same result ; the 
 reaction occurring not only in concentrated, but 
 also in dilute solutions, even at temperatures 
 as low as 50. The reaction occurs as well 
 in hermetically closed vessels as in those which 
 are open, and the same phenomena are ob- 
 served in solutions which are strongly acidulated 
 with acetic acid. When nitrate of potash is sub- 
 stituted for the salts above named, the precipitate 
 which forms on heating will be less abundant, 
 while the chlorides of calcium and of barium, 
 nitrate of baryta and acetate of lead, produce 
 nothing of the kind. The longer the heat is con- 
 tinued, so much the less readily does the precipi- 
 tate redissolve on cooling, since it becomes more co- 
 herent. (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1817, 
 (2.) 6. 201, and Ann.de Chim., 1810, 74. 193; 
 Osann, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1821, 69. 294.) 
 
 The aqueous solution is readily decomposed 
 by evaporation, with loss of acetic acid and forma- 
 tion of binacetate. Solutions, prepared by decom- 
 posing [partially] purified sulphate of alumina 
 with acetate of lead, containing 4 i 5% of alu- 
 mina being allowed to stand at a temperature of 
 15 r 21 begin to deposit a crust of the insoluble 
 binacetate, which afterwards gradually increases. 
 At lower temperatures the solution remains un- 
 altered during a much longer time. If the above- 
 mentioned solution be heated, it quickly becomes 
 cloudy, and a heavy white precipitate separates 
 out. At 38 a considerable quantity of this pow- 
 der separated out in the course of several days, 
 but at 71 the whole of the dissolved salt sepa- 
 rated out in 2 or 3 hours, and at the temperature 
 of boiling this was effected in a much shorter 
 time, and besides" acetic acid only a trace of alu- 
 mina could be detected in the filtrate. With a 
 weaker solution of the acetate, containing, for ex- 
 ample, only 3% of alumina, the insoluble binace- 
 tate is formed in like manner; but in this case a 
 considerable quantity of alumina remains in solu- 
 tion. Solutions containing 2% of alumina may 
 be precipitated on boiling after they have been 
 kept for several weeks, but not when recentlv 
 prepared. The formation of the insoluble salt 
 seems to be promoted by the presence of free 
 acetic acid ; thus a solution of the teracetate, 
 which contained 0.75% of alumina, and could not 
 be precipitated by boiling, was readily precipi- 
 
 tated thereby after having been mixed with so 
 much acetic acid that it contained as much as 
 would be present in a solution of the teracetate 
 containing 4% of alumina. On mixing a solution 
 of the teracetate with chloride of sodium, sulphate 
 of potash, or nitrate of potash, and heating the 
 mixture, precipitation occurs. (W. Crum, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1854, 89. pp. 158, 161, 162, 177, 
 178.) 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains 
 
 lution of Sp.Gr. per cent 
 
 (at 12.5). of it. 
 
 1.0090 .... 1 
 
 1.0190 2 
 
 1.0280 3 
 
 1.0380 4 
 
 1.0470 . . 5 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains 
 
 lution of Sp.Gr. per cent 
 
 (at!2.5). of it. 
 
 1.0570 .... 6 
 
 1.0670 7 
 
 1.0780 8 
 
 1.0880 9 
 
 1.0990 . . .10 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 302.) 
 
 II.) bin. 
 
 a = Soluble Modification. Easily and com- 
 
 A1 2 3 , 2 C 4 H 3 O s + 4 Aq pletely soluble in water. 
 
 The solution is gradually 
 
 decomposed by evaporation. ( W. Crum, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1854, 89. 164.) 
 
 p = Insoluble Modification. Exceedingly insol- 
 A1 3 3) 2 C 4 H 3 3 + 2 Aq, & 3 - 5 Aq uble in water, 
 
 either hot or 
 
 cold, or in acetic acid. When 1 pt. of it is 
 boiled with 200 pts. of water during an hour and 
 a half it dissolves, with decomposition. Soluble 
 in 2 equivalents of sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric 
 acid. Soluble in a hot concentrated solution of 
 tersulphate of alumina with evolution of acetic 
 acid ; also soluble in a hot solution of potash 
 alum. ( W. Crum, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1854, 89. 
 pp. 163, 158, 178.) 
 
 Tissier describes a 6 hydrated salt insoluble 
 in water, sparingly soluble in dilute acids, and 
 readily soluble in solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 III.) Polybasic. Compounds containing as 
 many as six equivalents of the base to one of 
 acid may be obtained in solution. These slightly 
 opalescent liquids may be diluted or boiled with- 
 out undergoing decomposition. They are precip- 
 itated on the addition of soluble sulphates, but 
 may be mixed with nitrates, or chlorides. Com- 
 pounds more basic than the hexa salt are insolu- 
 ble. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 203.) 
 
 ACETATE OF AMARIN. Very readily soluble 
 in water. (Fownes.) 
 
 ACETATE OF izAiaiDoBENZoic ACID. Sol- 
 uble in water, but the aqueous solution is decom- 
 posed by evaporation. (Voit.) 
 
 ACETATE OF AMMOLIN (of TJnverdorben). 
 Very readily soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 ACETATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 C 4 H 3 (NH 4 ) 4 cold water, and in alcohol. 
 
 Readily soluble in creosote.' 
 (Reichenbach.) The aqueous solution gradually 
 undergoes decomposition when kept for some time. 
 
 II.) acid. Very deliquescent, and soluble in 
 C 4 H 3 (NH 4 ) 4 , C 4 H 4 4 water. Easily soluble in 
 . alcohol. (Lassone.) 
 
 ACETATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. Ef- 
 florescent. (Coulon, Ann. de Chim.. 96. 327, 
 [T.]-) 
 
 ACETATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF MER- 
 NH 4 0, HgO, C 4 H 3 3 CURY. Easily soluble in 
 water. Almost entirely in- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Hirzel.) 
 
ACETATES. 
 
 ACETATE OF AMMONIA & OP URANIUM. 
 C 4 H s (N H 4 ) 4 ; 2 (Ur 2 3 , C 4 H 3 3 ) + 6 Aq. Very sol- 
 uble in 
 
 water. The solution not being decomposed on 
 ebullition. (Wertheim, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 11. 64.) Very easily soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 ACETATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 C 4 H 3 (C 10 H u ) 4 uble in alcohol, or spirit, ether, 
 and fusel oil (hydrate of amyl). 
 (Cahours.) 
 
 ACETATE OP Aitf^chlore'. Vid. ChlorAcetate 
 of Amyl ; and Acetate of fo'ChlorAmyl. 
 
 " ACETATE OP AMYLENE." Vid. Acetate of 
 Amyl. 
 
 ACETATE OP AMYLENE. Insoluble in water. 
 (Acetate of Amyl Glycol.) (A. WurtZ.) 
 
 C 18 H 16 8 = C 8 H 6 (C 10 H 10 ) 8 
 
 ACETATE OF AMYLENEcA/ore". Vid. Chlor- 
 Acetate of Amyl. 
 ACETATE OF ANILIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE OP ANTIMONY. Easily soluble in 
 C 12 H 9 Sb'"0 12 water. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 ACETATE OF ATROPIN. Permanent. Readily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE OF BARYTA. Efflorescent. The 
 C 4 H 3 Ba 4 -j- Aq & 3 Aq monohy drated salt is solu- 
 ble in 
 
 1.25 pts. of water at 12.5 < 15 
 1.1 " " boiling. (Bucholz, Beitrage, 
 3. 105, cited by Gehlen, Schweigger's Journ.fiir Ch. 
 u. Phys., 1812, 4. pp. 41, 35.) 
 100 pts. of water at 1 5.5 dissolve about 88 pts. of it. 
 
 " boiling " 96 " " 
 
 Soluble in 100 pts. of pure cold alcohol, and 
 scarcely any more soluble in hot alcohol. (Bu- 
 cholz, Beitrage, 3. 102. [T.].) More soluble in 
 cold than in hot water. (Liebig, in Kolbe's Lehrb., 
 1. 624.) 
 Soluble in 1.75 pts. of cold water. 
 
 " " 1.03 '.' boiling water; the satu- 
 rated cold solution containing 36.36% of it, and 
 the saturated boiling solution 50%. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) The monohydrated salt is soluble in 100 
 pts. of cold, and in 67 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 (Bucholz.) Insoluble in cold absolute alcohol. 
 (Schlieper.) Insoluble in absolute alcohol, or 
 very strong spirit. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 11. 254.) Insoluble in ether. (Wurtz.) In- 
 soluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 When one equivalent of C 4 H 3 Ba0 4 , in aqueous 
 solution, is mixed with a solution of an equivalent 
 of nitrate of lead (PbO, NO 5 ) 0.77 of it are de- 
 composed to nitrate of baryta, which may be pre- 
 cipitated by adding alcohol, while 0.23 of it re- 
 main unchanged ; when mixed with the solution 
 of an equivalent of nitrate of potash (KO, NO 5 ) 
 0.72 of it are decomposed as before, while 0.28 of 
 it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 ACETATE OP BARYTA & OF URANIUM. 
 
 C 4 H 3 Ba 4 ; 2 (C 4 H 3 O 3 , Ur 2 3 ) + 6 Aq Very solu- 
 ble in water. 
 (Wertheim, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 71.) 
 
 ACETATE OP BARYTA with NITRATE OF 
 
 C 4 H 3 Ba0 4 ;BaO,NO 6 4-8Aq BARYTA. Efflorescent. 
 
 Easily soluble in water. 
 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol. (Lucius Ann Ch 
 u.Pharm., 103. 113.) 
 
 ACETATE OF BENZIDIN. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE OF BENZOL. Very easily soluble 
 
 (Acetate of BenzolEther.) ^ j n spirit, and ether. 
 
 C 22 H^ 8 = C 8 Hg (C u H 6 ") 8 "Water precipitates it 
 from the alcoholic solution. (Wicke, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 102. 367.) 
 
 ACETATE OP BENZYL. Vid. Acetate of Tol- 
 uenyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF BISMUTH. Easily (" sparingly") 
 Bi 2 3 , 3 C 4 H 3 3 soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE op BRUCIN. Extremely soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF BUTYL. 
 
 (Acetate of Tetryl.) 
 C 12 H 12 4 = C 4 H 3 (C 8 H 9 )0 4 
 
 Bin ACETATE OP BUTYLENE. Insoluble in 
 C 8 H 8 (C 4 H 3 2 ) 2 4 water. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CADMIUM. Permanent. Very 
 C 4 H 3 CdO 4 + 3Aq soluble in water. (Stromeyer.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CADMIUM & OF URANIUM. 
 C 4 H 3 Cd 4 ; C 4 H 3 (Ur 2 3 ) 3 + 5 Aq Soluble without 
 
 decomposition in 
 water acidulated with acetic acid. (Weselsky.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CAPRYL. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 
 (Acctate of Ortyl.) uo l e in alcohol. Sol- 
 
 C 20 H 2o 4 = C 4 H 3 (C 16 HI,) 4 u bi e j n concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 44. 136.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CERIUM. Permanent. Very 
 C 4 H 3 Ce 4 soluble in water. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CETYL. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 C 4 H 3 (C 32 H M ) 4 ingly soluble, in water. Soluble 
 
 in ether. (Becker.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CHELERYTHHIN. Readily solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE OF CHELIDONIN. Very soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE OF &/CHLORAMYL. Insoluble in 
 (BiChlor Acetate of Amyl.) water. Soluble in alco- 
 C 4 H 3 (C 10 H 9 C1 2 )0 4 hol, and ether. (Ca- 
 hours.) 
 
 ACETATE OP fo'CHLORETHYL. Slowly de- 
 ( Ft/lie bi CMar Acetate. Bi Chlaro Vinic com posed by wa- 
 Acetate. Acetate Vethyle bicUorA.) ^ m whi - ch j t 
 
 ble. Slowly decomposed by alkaline lyes. 
 
 ACETATE OF terCkHORETHYL. Decomposed 
 ( Acetate d'etkyle trichlore.) by an aqueous SO- 
 
 8 H 8 C1 3 4 = C 4 H 2 CI 3 0,C 4 H 3 3 lu ' tion of potas h. 
 
 (Leblanc.) 
 ACETATE OF gwirfnCHLORETHYL. Decom- 
 
 ( Acetate d'ethylr quadrichlort. posed by an aque- 
 Quadrichlorovinic acetate.) ous so ] u tion of not- 
 
 C 8 H 4 C1 4 4 = C 4 HC1 4 0,C 4 H 3 3 ash Leb , an 
 
 ACETATE OF perCHLORETHYL. Decomposed 
 
 (Acetate tftthylequintichlore. Quin- by a Strong aque- 
 
 quichloromnic Acetate ) OUS solution of 
 
 C 8 H 3 C1 6 4 = C 4 U B 0, C 4 H 3 3 
 
 
 ACETATE OF /erCHLORoMETHYL. Insoluble 
 
 (Chloracetate of Chloromethylase. in water. Solu- 
 
 Chloracetate methylique. TerChloro ble in alcohol,and 
 Methyhc Acetate. Acetate de Me- ._ 
 
 thyle'triMore.) ethen (Laurent.) 
 C 6 H 3 C1 3 4 = C 2 C1 3 0, C 4 H 3 3 
 
 blanc.) 
 
 ACETATE OF WCHLOROMETHYL. Slowly de- 
 (Acetate de Metkyle bichlore. Ace- composed by water. 
 tate de " methylene " chlore. Bi- Q u i c kly by a solu- 
 cMorornethyUc_Acetatel tf f . 
 
 c 6 H 4 ci 2 o 4 -e 2 HU 2 o,c 4 H 3 3 
 
ACETATES. 
 
 ACETATE OF CHLORONICINE. Soluble in wa- 
 Cjo H 12 C1 2 N 2 , 2 C 4 H 4 4 ter. . ( St. Evre. ) 
 
 ACETATE OF CHOLESTERIN. 
 Csc H w 4 = C 4 H 3 (C 52 H 43 ) 4 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Oxid- 
 C 4 H 3 Cr 4 + Aq izes when exposed to the air. Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold water free 
 from air, more soluble in hot water. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 542. Lcewel, Ibid., (3.) 39. 53.) 
 
 ACETATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. (Branden- 
 C 12 H 9 Cr/" 12 burg. ) 
 
 II.) basic. Compounds containing three equiv- 
 alents and less of the base to one of the acid may 
 be obtained soluble in water. Those which con- 
 tain more base that this are insoluble in water. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. ScL, (2.) 26. 203.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CINCHONIDIN. Very sparingly 
 soluble in cold water. 
 
 ACETATE OF CINCHONIN. Decomposed by 
 cold water to an insoluble basic and a soluble 
 acid salt. Completely soluble in acetic acid. 
 (Pelletier & Caventou.) 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF COBALT. Deliques- 
 C 4 H 3 CoO 4 +4Aq cent. Very soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE of sesquioxide OF COBALT. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 The aqueous solution is decom.posed on boiling, 
 with separation of Co 2 Os. ( H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 
 83. 148.) 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF COBALT & OF URANI- 
 C 4 H 3 Co 4 ; 2 (Ur 2 3 , C 4 H 3 3 ) + 7 Aq UM. Soluble, 
 
 without de- 
 composition in water acidulated with acetic acid. 
 (Weselsky.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CONIIN. 
 
 ACETATE of dinoxide OF COPPER. Permanent. 
 C 4 H 3 Cu 2 4 (Berzelius.) Hygroscopic. (Gehlen.) 
 Insoluble in water, by which, how- 
 ever, it is slowly decomposed. Partially soluble 
 in alcohol. (Lassone.) 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Somewhat efflorescent. Soluble in 
 a = C 4 H 3 Cu 4 + Aq 13.4 p ts. of water at 20. 
 (UystcdUztd, distilled, P u- (Gehlen, Schweiqger's 
 rified Verdigris. Verdet.) \ ,,'.. ,-,, ftf 
 
 Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 
 1812, 4. pp. 29, 31.) Soluble in 5 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 444, 
 cited by Gehlen.) Soluble in 14.06 pts. of water 
 at 18.75. (Abl, from Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatts Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 
 5.061 pts. of water at 101.1; or, 100 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 101.1 dissolve 19.796 pts. of it: the aque- 
 ous solution saturated at its boiling-point (101.1) 
 containing 16.5% of the dry salt. (T. Griffiths, 
 Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) The dilute aqueous 
 solution is decomposed by boiling. Much less 
 quickly soluble in water which contains sugar than 
 in pure water. (Holger.) 
 
 Soluble in 13.333 pts. of boiling alcohol. (Wen- 
 zel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 437, cited by Gehlen.) 
 Insoluble in ether (Unverdorben), sparingly soluble 
 in cold, more readily soluble in hot creosote. 
 (Reichenbach.) 
 
 6 = C 4 H 3 Cu O 4 -f- 5 Aq. 
 
 II.) sesquibasic. Easily soluble in water; the 
 3CuO, 2C 4 H 3 3 + 5Aq aqueous solution undergo- 
 ing decomposition when 
 diluted with much water or boiled. Sparingly 
 soluble, or insoluble, in alcohol. 
 
 III.) di. When treated with a little water it 
 
 (Common blue verdigris.) swells up, and if more wa- 
 
 2 Cu 0, C 4 H 3 3 + 7 Aq ter be a( j ded ft ort i on o f it 
 
 port i on 
 
 (No. 2) dissolves, while a quantity (No. 4) re- 
 mains undissolv.ed. 
 
 IV.) tri. Insoluble, even in boiling water. 
 
 3CuO, C 4 H 3 3 + 2Aq (Proust.) Decomposed by 
 
 large quantities of water, es- 
 
 pecially when this is boiling. (Berzelius.) Insol- 
 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 V.) hyperbasic. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 48CuO, C 4 H 3 3 + 12Aq cold water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 The basic acetates of cop- 
 
 per are soluble in an aqueous solution of cane- 
 sugar. (Ure.) 
 
 ACETATE OF COPPER & OF LIME. Slightly ef- 
 
 I.)c 4 H 3 Cu0 4 ; C 4 H 3 Ca0 4 + 8Aq florescent. Read- 
 
 ily soluble in wa- 
 
 ter. (Ettling.) Readily soluble in water. (T. 
 Thompson, in his First Principles, 2. 449, and in 
 his System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 791.) 
 II.) C 4 H 3 CuO 4) CuO,HO; C 4 H 3 Ca0 4 + 3Aq 
 
 ACETATE OF COPPER & OF Pi COLIN. Slow- 
 ly efflorescent. Readily soluble in water; but the 
 solution is decomposed on boiling. Readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Unverdor- 
 ben.) 
 
 ACETATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. 
 C 4 H 3 Cu0 4 ; 2C 4 H 3 K0 4 + 12Aq 
 
 ACETATE OF COPPER with ARSENITE OF Cop- 
 { Schweinfurt green. Vi- PER. Insoluble in water, 
 enna green.) b ut ; 8 p art j a lly decom- 
 
 C 1 H,,Cu04;3(CuO, As0 3 ) j u ,.- j u M- 
 
 3 posed by continued boiling 
 
 with water. (Ehrmann.) Soluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF COPPER with /wotoCHLORiDE 
 
 2CuO,C 4 H 3 3 ; 2HgCl OF MERCURY. Scarcely 
 
 at all soluble in cold, de- 
 
 composed by boiling water. (Wcehler & Hiittc- 
 roth.) 
 
 ACETATE OF CORYDALIN. Eeadily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF CRESYL. 
 ACETATE OF CUMIDIN. 
 
 ACETATE OF CUMOL Soluble in ether. 
 Czs H 18 8 = C 8 H,, (C M H 12 ") 8 , or C 20 H 12 2 , 2 C 4 H 3 0, 
 
 ACETATE OF CURARIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE OF CYANETHIN. 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Kol- 
 be & Frankland, /. Ch. Soc., 1. 72.) 
 
 ACETATE OF DELPHIN. Soluble in water. 
 ACETATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in 7 pts. of wa- 
 
 (Acetic Ether. Ethylic Acetate.) ter at 16.6. (The'- 
 C 8 H 8 4 = C 4 H 0,C 4 H 3 3 nard j Solublein9 
 pts. (or a trifle more) of water at 17.5. (Gehlen, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1812, 4. pp. 
 23, 22.) When uncontaminated with water or 
 ether it is soluble in 1 1 (8) 12 pts. of water at ordi- 
 nary temperatures. (Mohr.) Soluble in 12 pts. 
 of water at ordinary temperatures. (Becker.) 
 Soluble in 8 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's 
 Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76. The aqueous solu- 
 tion slowly undergoes decomposition. Miscible 
 with the strong mineral acids and with concen- 
 trated acetic acid. ( Westendorff. ) Miscible in 
 all proportions with alcohol, and ether ; on add- 
 ing water it separates from the ethereal solu- 
 tion. 
 
6 
 
 ACETATES. 
 
 ACETATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Very deliquescent. 
 (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et. Phys., (3.) 3O. 490.) 
 
 ACETATE OP ETHYLENE. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 7 pts. of water at 22. 
 C 12 H 10 8 = CsH6(C 4 H 4 ")0 8 Soluble in all propor- 
 (Binacetate of Glycol. Iso- tions in alcoho l and 
 meric with the compound of / L jj- 
 
 Altlehydewith anhydrous Acet- ether. On the addition 
 ic Acid.) of chloride of calcium 
 
 it separates out from the aqueous solution. (A. 
 Wurtz.) 
 
 II.) mono. Miscible with water, and alcohol. 
 C 8 H 8 6 = C 4 H 4 ", C 4 H 4 6 (Atkinson.) 
 (Monacetate of Glycol.) 
 
 III.) basic. 
 CNJ H 14 10 
 
 ACETATE OF ETHYL chlor6 quintichlore". 
 Vid. Acetate of ChlorEthyl. 
 
 ACETATE OP ETHYL sexchlore. 
 Vid. ChlorAcetate of perChlorEthyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF ETHYL septichlore. 
 Vid. 6/Chlor Acetate of perChlor Ethyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF ETHYL perchlore. 
 Vid. terChlor Acetate of perChlorEthyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF ETHYLMETHYLCONIIN. Deli- 
 quescent. Readily soluble in water, (v. Plauta 
 & Kekule', Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 139. 
 
 ACETATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Very easily 
 soluble in water, (v. Planta & Kekule', Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 6.) 
 
 ACETATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF FUMARIN. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Hannon.) 
 
 ACETATE OF FURFURIN. Very soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Fownes.) 
 
 ACETATE OF GLAUCIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. (Vauque- 
 C 12 H 9 G1 2 "',0 12 lin.) 
 
 II.) terbasic. Very deliquescent and soluble 
 in water. 
 
 The basic acetates of glucina which contain 
 more than six equivalents of base to one of acid 
 are insoluble in water, but those containing less 
 than six equivalents of base may be obtained in 
 solution. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci. (2.) 26. 207.) 
 
 ACETATE OF GLYCERYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water and not mis- 
 C 18 H 14 12 = C 6 II 5 03, 3 C 4 H 3 3) cible therewith. Read- 
 
 , 
 
 Soluble in ether. Ea- 
 
 sily soluble in baryta-water. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 41. 277.) 
 
 II.) monobasic. With 1 vol. water it forms a 
 C V4 H 12 10 =C 6 H 5 3 ,HO ) 2C 4 H 3 3 limpid mixture; 
 (DiAcelin.. Acetidin.) 2 more yols of 
 
 water cause an opalescence ; 5 vols. water render 
 the liquor very opaline. With 200 vols. water it 
 forms a transparent emulsion or solution. It is 
 miscible with ether and dissolves in benzine ; 
 but is nearly or quite insoluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon. (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 III.) bibasic. Mixes with half its bulk of wa- 
 Cin H 10 8 = C 6 H 6 D 3 , 2 HO, C 4 H 3 3 ter, form in ff a clear 
 (tionoAcetin.) liquor ^b ^ 
 
 comes turbid when two additional volumes of wa- 
 ter are added ; it remains turbid also when a large 
 excess of water is added to it. Miscible with 
 ether. (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 ACETATE OF GLYCOCOLL. Soluble in water ; 
 C 4 H 5 N0 4) C 4 H 4 O 4 -f Aq l ess easily soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Horsford. Am. J. 
 Sci., (2.) 4. 63.) 
 
 ACETATE OF GLYCOL. 
 Vid. Acetate of Ethylene. 
 
 ACETATE OF GOLD (Au0 2 ). Known only in 
 solution. This solution slowly decomposes when 
 left to itself, or immediately on being boiled. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 149.) 
 
 ACETATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 ACETATE OF HARMIN. 
 
 ACETATE OF HYDRAR&ETHYL. Vid. Acetate 
 of MercurEthyl. 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF IRON. Easily ox- 
 C 4 H 3 Fe0 4 + 3Aq idizes in the air. Very solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 ACETATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) mono. Very soluble in water. (Bette.) Sol- 
 Fe 2 3) C 4 H 3 3 + 4 Aq uble in 3 pts. of water. Sol- 
 uble in 6 pts. of highly recti- 
 fied alcohol. Soluble in 4 pts. of ordinary alcohol. 
 ( Walz, in Wittstein's Handw.) The aqueous so- 
 lution is decomposed by boiling. (Duflos.) 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water and in alcohol. 
 Fe 2 3 , 2 C 4 H 3 3 + Aq (Oudemans.) The aqueous 
 solution undergoes partial 
 decomposition in the cold and is totally decom- 
 posed on boiling. ( W. Crum, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 89. 173.) 
 
 III.) sesqui. Slowly but completely soluble 
 
 2Fe 2 3 , 3C 4 II 3 3 -j-10Aq in 3 pts. of cold water. 
 
 This solution has a great 
 
 tendency to become gelatinous. Incompletely 
 soluble in absolute alcohol or in highly rectified 
 spirit ; but is soluble for the most part in 8 pts. of 
 ordinary alcohol. Behaves like the teracetate as 
 regards ether, chloroform, and acetate of ethyl. 
 (Walz, in Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 IV.) ter, or normal. When exposed to the air it 
 C 12 H 9 Fe 2 '" 12 + 4 Aq effloresces, losing 2 equi vs. of 
 HO. The 2 hydrated salt 
 thus formed is soluble in almost all proportions in 
 water, in 4 pts. of absolute alcohol, and in 3 pts. 
 of highly rectified spirit. Insoluble in ether or 
 chloroform. Very sparingly soluble in acetate of 
 ethyl. (Walz, in Wittstein's Handw.) Soluble 
 in a moderate amount of water, but is precipitated 
 from this solution when the latter is diluted or 
 boiled. (Barker.) The aqueous solution is liable 
 to be decomposed to. a slight extent both when di- 
 lute or concentrated. This decomposition is some- 
 what greater at the temperature of boiling than 
 in the cold. (Crum, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 
 173.) Miscible with alcohol. Soluble in acetic 
 ether. When a solution of acetate of peroxide of 
 iron is maintained at a temperature near 100 
 during several hours, the properties of the salt are 
 essentially changed. The addition of a trace of 
 sulphuric acid or of an alkaline salt occasioning 
 the precipitation of an oxide of iron which is in- 
 soluble in cold acids. [See under sesquioxide of 
 iron hydrated (Fe 2 3 ,3HO).] (Pean St. Gilles.) 
 Hence, if a solution of sesquioxide of iron, contain- 
 ing but little free acid, be treated with an excess of 
 acetate of soda, and then boiled, all the iron will 
 be precipitated. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 141.) 
 
 V. ) bibasic, or di. Soluble in water ; if this 
 2 Fe 2 O 3 , C 4 H 3 O s solution be diluted and boiled, a 
 still more basic salt will be precipitated. ( Janssen.) 
 
 VI.) polybasic. Basic acetates of iron which 
 contain six equivalents or less of base to one 
 equivalent of acid may be obtained dissolved in 
 water, but those which contain a larger proportion 
 of base than this, are insoluble. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Sci., (2.) 26. 202.) 
 
 Insoluble in acetic acid. (Duflos.) 
 
ACETATES. 
 
 ACETATE OF JEKVIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE OF LANTHANUM. Easily soluble in 
 water. (Mosander.) 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal, or mono. Soluble in water. Spar- 
 o = anhydrous, ingly soluble in hot absolute al- 
 
 C 4 H 3 Pb O 4 cohol . 
 
 b = C 4 H 3 Pb0 4 + 3Aq Slightly efflorescent in dry 
 
 (Sugar of Lead. Salt j Soluble in 0.5 pt. of 
 
 of Saturn.) . ... ,,,. " , , 
 
 boiling water. (Wenzel.) 
 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of water at 38. (Wenzel in his 
 Verwandtschaft, p. 308 [T.].) Thompson (in his 
 System, 2. 641) affirms that this statement of 
 Wenzel is a mistake. Soluble in 1.63 pts. of cold 
 water; the saturated solution containing 37 % of 
 it; still more readily soluble in hot water. (M. 
 B. & P.) Soluble in 1.714 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from Oesterr. Zeitschrijl, fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht,fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 100 pts. of boiling water dissolve about 29 pts. of it. 
 " " cold water retains in solution about 27 
 pts. of it. (Bostock, Nicholson's Journ., 11. 79, 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated 
 
 at 10 contains 11.4% of it. (Eller.) 
 
 " ? " 7.7% " (Mussembrock.) 
 
 "12.5 " 24.4% " ( Hassenfratss, Ann. 
 
 de Chim., 28. 291.) 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.236673 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 45.653 pts. of the salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478, 482.) The aqueous solution saturated at its 
 boiling-point (101.70) contains 41.5% of the dry 
 salt ; or 100 pts. of water at 101.7 dissolve 70.94 
 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 1.41 
 pts. of water at 101.7. (T. Griffith's, Quarl J. 
 Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 Melts in its water of crystallization at about 57. 
 
 An aqueous Contains per 
 
 solution of cent of the 
 
 sp. gr. salt, 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 1.0731 ... 10 
 1.0891 12 
 1.1055 14 
 1.1221 16 
 1.1330 18 
 1.1560 20 
 1.1740 22 
 
 1.1928 ... 24 
 
 An aqueous Contains per 
 solution of cent of the 
 
 sp. gr salt, 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 1.0070 .... I 
 
 1.0140 2 
 
 1.0211 3 
 
 1.0283 4 
 
 1.0366 5 
 
 1.0430 6 
 
 1.0505 7 
 
 1.0580 8 
 
 1.0655 .... 9 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 302.) 
 
 Tolerably soluble in spirit, less so in absolute alco- 
 hol. Soluble in 8 pts. of alcohol. (M. B. & P.) 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of strong alcohol at 68. (Cited 
 in Thompson's System of Chem., 2. 285.) 100 
 pts. of alcohol, of 0.835 sp. gr., dissolve 7.85 pts. 
 of it at 15.5. (Ibid., p. 641.) Ether precipitates 
 it from its alcoholic solution. Very readily solu- 
 ble in boiling creosote, the solution becoming solid 
 on cooling. (Beichenbach.) 
 
 When one equivalent of t! 4 H 3 Pb O 4) in aqueous so- 
 lution, is mixed with a solution of an equivalent 
 of nitrate of potash (KO,N0 5 ) o.09 of it are decom- 
 posed to nitrate of lead, which may be precipitated 
 by adding alcohol, while 0.91 of it remain un- 
 changed ; when mixed with a solution of an equiv- 
 alent of nitrate of baryta (Ba 0, NO 5 ), 0.22 of it are 
 decomposed as before, while 0.78 of it remain un- 
 changed ; when mixed with a solution of an equiv- 
 alent of nitrate of strontia (SrO.NOc), 0.33 of it are 
 decomposed while 0.67 of it remain unchanged. 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 II.) sesquibasic. The crystals dissolve in 0.9 
 3PbO,2C 4 H 3 3 &-t-Aq pts. of water at 12.75; there- 
 fore more abundantly than 
 the normal salt. The saturated aqueous solution 
 can still dissolve both monobasic and terbasic ace- 
 tate of lead. Less soluble in alcohol than in wa- 
 ter, but more soluble in alcohol than the normal 
 acetate. 
 
 The anhydrous salt dissolves in strong alcohol ; 
 on adding water to this solution trisacetate of lead 
 is precipitated, while the normal salt remains in 
 solution. (Payen, in Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 III.) din. Soluble in less than 1.5 pts. of 
 2PbO,C 4 H 3 3 &+Aq, &2Aq water. Tolerably sol- 
 uble in weak spirit. 
 
 Soluble in about 30 pts. of alcohol of 90%. In- 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. (Schindler. ) 
 
 IV.) tris. Very soluble in water, though less 
 3PbO,C 4 H 3 3 +Aq so than the normal salt. Sol- 
 uble in 5.56 pts. of boiling wa- 
 ter. 
 
 Soluble in 18 pts. of cold water. Insoluble in 
 strong alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Soluble in 
 spirit and in dilute wood-spirit, though less so 
 than in water. Slightly soluble also in wood- 
 spirit of 97%, but not in alcohol of 97%. (Payen.) 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of the ses- 
 quibasic salt. 
 
 V.) hexa. Sparingly soluble in boiling wa- 
 6 Pb 0, C 4 H 3 3 + 3 HO ter, from which it cr j stallizes 
 on cooling. 
 
 ACETATE of peroxide OF LEAD. 
 Pb 2 , 3 C 4 H s O s 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD & or POTASH. Tolerably 
 3 Pb 0, 2 K.0, 3 C 4 H 3 3 soluble in hot water. ( Tad- 
 dei.) 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD & OF SODA. 
 2 C 4 H 3 Pb 4 ; C 4 H 3 Na 4 + 3 Aq 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD & OF URANIUM. Bead- 
 C 4 H 3 Pb 4 ; Ur 2 3 , C 4 H 3 3 + 6 Aq ily soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Wertheim, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD with ANACARDATE OP 
 
 C 4 H 3 Pb0 4 ;C 44 H 31 PbO 7 LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Insoluble in cold alcohol, 
 
 but is partially decomposed by long-continued 
 washing therewith, or immediately by boiling al- 
 cohol. Decomposed by ether. 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD with CHLORIDE OF LEAD. 
 5 C 4 H s Pb0 4 ; Pb Cl + 15 Aq Efflorescent. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. Decom- 
 posed by alcohol. (Poggiale.) 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD with HYDROKINONE. Dif- 
 
 2C 4 H 3 Pb0 4 ;C 12 H 6 4 -l-3Aq ficultly soluble in 
 
 cold, easily soluble 
 
 in boiling water. Almost insoluble in cold alco- 
 hol ; decomposed by boiling alcohol, and ether. 
 (Kolbe's Lehrb., 1. 467.) 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD, with PICRATE OF LEAD. 
 I.) C 4 H 3 PbN0 4 ; C 12 H 2 Pb(N0 4 ) 3 2 + 4Aq Eeadily 
 
 soluble 
 
 in water. The solution is decomposed by evapo- 
 ration. 
 
 II. ) C 4 H 3 Pb O 4 ; 2 C 12 H 2 Pb (N 4 ) 3 2 , Pb -f 8 Aq De- 
 com- 
 posed by long-continued boiling with water. 
 
 ACETATE OF LEAD with THIONAPHTAMATE 
 
 C 4 H 3 Pb0 4 ; C 20 H 8 PbNS 2 6 OF LEAD. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold, more 
 
 readily soluble in hot water. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 31.247.) 
 
8 
 
 ACETATES. 
 
 ACETATE OP LIME. Effloresces in dry air. 
 C 4 H 3 Ca 4 + x Aq Very soluble in water. 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 12.5 con- 
 tains 17.8% of it. ( Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 
 28. 291.) Less soluble in alcohol than in water. 
 100 pts.of alcohol of 0.900 sp.gr. dissolve 2.4 pts.of it. 
 " " " 0.848 " " 4.12 " 
 
 " " 0.834 " " 4.75 " 
 
 " " ' " 0.817 " " 4.88 " 
 
 (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274. [T.].) In- 
 soluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. of it. 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 1.0400 8 
 
 1.0453 9 
 1.0507 10 
 1.0615 12 
 1.0735 14 
 1.0860 16 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. of it. 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 1.0049 1 
 
 1.0098 2 
 
 1.0147 3 
 
 1.0197 4 
 
 1.0247 5 
 
 1.0297 6 
 
 1.0348 7 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 302.) 
 ACETATE OF LIME & OF URANIUM. Perma- 
 C 4 H 3 Ca0 4 ;2(C 4 H 3 3 ,Ur 2 3 ) + 8Aq nent. Soluble in 
 
 water, without 
 
 decomposition if acetic acid be present. (Wesel- 
 sky.) 
 
 ACETATE OF LIME with 'CHLORIDE OF 
 C 4 H 3 Ca0 4 ; CaCl + lOAq CALCIUM. Permanent. 
 Easily soluble in water. 
 (Fritzsche.) 
 
 ACETATE OF LITHIA. Permanent. (Winter.) 
 C 4 H 3 Li0 4 + 4Aq [Deliquescent. (Troost.) ; Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.] Soluble in 0.2833 
 pt. of water at 15; this solution solidifies at 4. 
 Soluble in 4.64 pts. of alcohol, of 0.81 sp. gr., at 
 14. Sparingly soluble in ether. (Pleischl.) It 
 begins to melt in its water of crystallization at 
 19. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 ACETATE OF LOBELIN. Soluble in alcohol. 
 ACETATE OF MAGNESIA. Deliquescent. Very 
 C 4 II 3 Mg0 4 +4Aq soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 ( Bergman, Essays, 1. 450 ; Wen- 
 zel.) The aqueous solution saturated at 12.5 
 contains 50% of it. (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 
 28. 291.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 Contains 
 
 solution of 
 
 per cent 
 
 solution of 
 
 per cent 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 of it. 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 of it. 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 
 1 0041 
 
 1 
 
 1.0983 
 
 22 
 
 1.0082 
 
 2 
 
 1.1086 
 
 24 
 
 1.0124 
 
 3 
 
 1.1180 
 
 26 
 
 1.0166 
 
 4 
 
 1.1294 
 
 28 
 
 1.0208 
 
 5 
 
 1.1400 
 
 30 
 
 1.0250 
 
 6 
 
 1.1507 
 
 32 
 
 1.0293 
 
 7 
 
 1.1614 
 
 34 
 
 1.0337 
 
 8 
 
 1.1723 
 
 36 
 
 1.0380 
 
 9 
 
 1.1834 
 
 38 
 
 1.0424 
 
 10 
 
 1.1946 
 
 40 
 
 1.0512 
 
 12 
 
 1.2058 
 
 42 
 
 1.0603 
 
 14 
 
 1.2172 
 
 44 
 
 1.0696 
 
 16 
 
 1.2287 
 
 46 
 
 1.0790 
 
 18 
 
 1.2403 
 
 48 
 
 1.0885 . 
 
 . . 20 
 
 1.2520 . , 
 
 50 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 303. 
 ACETATE OF MAGNESIA & OF URANIUM. Less 
 a = 2 C 4 H 3 (Ur 2 3 ) 3 ; C 4 H 3 Mg O 4 +8 Aq soluble in cold 
 
 than in warm 
 
 water. (Wertheim, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 65.) 
 6 = ditto + 12 Aq Efflorescent. Soluble in water, 
 without decomposition if this be 
 acidulated with acetic acid. (Weselsky.) 
 
 ACETATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. Sol- 
 C 4 H 3 Mn0 4 -r-4Aq uble in 3.5 pts. of cold water 
 (John.) Soluble in 3.0 pts. of 
 cold water. (Klauer.) 100 pts. of water at 
 15.5 dissolve 3 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) Soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE OF MANGANESE & OF URANIUM. 
 2 C 4 H 3 (Ur 2 3 ) 3 ; C 4 H 3 Mn 4 +12 Aq Efflorescent. 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 water, without decomposition if this be acidulated 
 with acetic acid. (Weselsky.) 
 
 ACETATE OF MELAMIN. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF MERCUR^AMMONIUM. Readily 
 
 C.H,(NH*3 W+2Aq soluble in water - Insoluble 
 I W* l in alcohol. (Hirzel, [Ger.].) 
 
 ACETATE OF <e<raMERCUR(zc) AMMONIUM. 
 
 C 4 H 3 (N 5 II gl ) 4 + 4 Aq ; Slightly soluble in 
 
 * , . water, since 1000 
 
 or"C 4 H 3 (Nj u |J0 4 ;3HgO pts. of boiling wa- 
 
 ter dissolve 5.7 pts. 
 
 of it, but the solution undergoes decomposition 
 when boiled for some time. Insoluble in alcohol 
 or ether. Decomposed by caustic potash. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 ACETATE OF Ze2raMERCUR(oMs)AMMONiUM. 
 C 4 II 3 (N J (Hg 2 ) 4 ) 4 + 2 Aq ; or Insoluble in water. 
 t (Berzehus s Lehrb.) 
 
 ACETATE OF MERCURETHTL. 
 
 ACETATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Perma- 
 C 4 H 3 Hg 2 4 nent. Soluble in 600 pts. of cold, 
 much more soluble in hot water. 
 
 Soluble in 133 pts. of water at 12 15. (Ga- 
 rot.) Soluble in 320 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from Oesterr. Zeitschrift fiir Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fiir 1854, p. 76.) 1000 
 pts. of water at 15 dissolve only 1.3 pts. of it [or, 
 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 769 pts. of water at 
 15J. Partially decomposed by boiling water. 
 Much more soluble in water acidulated with acetic 
 acid than in pure water, a considerable quantity 
 being dissolved on boiling. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 Insoluble, or almost insoluble, in alcohol. Decom- 
 posed on boiling with water or alcohol. 
 
 It is one of the least soluble of the metallic ace- 
 tates. When treated with aqueous solutions of 
 the alkaline chlorides, and especially when these 
 are hot, a certain amount of protochloride of mer- 
 cury (Hg Cl) is formed and dissolves. (Mialhe, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 179.) 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Suffers par- 
 C 4 H 3 llg0 4 tial decomposition in the air. Soluble 
 in 4 pts.of water at 10. (Garot.) Sol- 
 uble in 2.75 pts. of water at 19. Soluble in about 
 1 pt. of boiling water. (Stromeyer.) The solu- 
 tion saturated at 19 contains 26.66% of it. Solu- 
 ble in 17.7 pts. of alcohol (of 0.811 sp. gr.) at 19, 
 but with partial decomposition. (Stromeyer.) 
 Alcohol, and ether, dissolve out its acid, leaving ox- 
 ide of mercury. (Garot.) When the aqueous or 
 alcoholic solution is boiled, a portion of the acid 
 escapes, and a part of the Hg is reduced to 
 Hg 2 O. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Instantly decom- 
 posed by ether. (Harff.) 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF MERCURY with CYA- 
 NIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF MERCURY with SUL- 
 PHIDE OF MERCURY. Ppt. Completely soluble in 
 boiling 'water. (Taddei.) 
 
 ACETATE OF METHYL. Soluble in water, 
 C 4 H 3 (C 2 II 3 ) 4 the aqueous solution suffering de- 
 composition to a slight extent on 
 
ACETATES. 
 
 being boiled. Miscible in all proportions with 
 alcohol, wood-spirit, and ether. 
 
 ACETATE OF METHYLcWore. Vid. Acetate ol 
 ChloroMethyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF METHYL perchlore. Vid. Ter Ace- 
 tate of terChloroMethyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF METHYLENE. Slowly and spar- 
 (biAcetate of MetkylGiycol.) ingly soluble in water. 
 C 10 HgOg=C g He(0 2 HV') 8 Easi iy soluble with de- 
 composition in alkaline solutions. Soluble in 
 ether. (Boutlerow, Ann. CL et Phys., (3.) 53. 
 320.) 
 
 ACETATE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. In- 
 C 4 H 3 Mo0 4 soluble in water. Slightly soluble in 
 
 ac-etic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ACETATE of binoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 6 Mo"O 8 While yet moist it is soluble in boil- 
 ing acetic acid, but the solution be- 
 comes gelatinous on cooling. (Berzelius, [G/n.].) 
 
 ACETATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ACETATE OF MORPHINE. Permanent. Solu- 
 C 4 H 3 (N fS* H i" - H )0 4 + 4Aq ble " 17 pts. of 
 cold wafer. Solu- 
 ble in 1 pt. of boiling water. Soluble in 44 pts. 
 of cold alcohol of 80%. Soluble in 1 pt. of boil- 
 ing alcohol of 80%. (Wittstein, in his Handw.) 
 Soluble in 24 pts of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in CanstatCs 
 Jahresbericht,fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of chloro- 
 form dissolve 1.66 pts. of it at the ordinary tem- 
 perature. (Schlimpert, Kopp $- Will's Jahresbe- 
 richt,fur 1859, p. 405.) 
 
 ACETATE OF NABCOTIN. 
 
 ACETATE OF NICKEL. Slightly efflorescent. 
 
 C 4 H 3 Ni 4 + 5 Aq Soluble in 6 pts. of cold water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Tupputi.) 
 
 ACETATE our NICKEL & of sesquioxide OF 
 2UrjO s ,NiO, 3C 4 H s 3 + 7Aq URANIUM. Soluble in 
 water, without de- 
 composition if this be acidulated with acetic acid. 
 (Weselsky.) 
 
 ACETATE OF NICOTIN. Readily soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. (Schloessing.) 
 
 ACETATE OF NITROHARMALIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF NITROHARMIN. Partially de- 
 composed by water, especially when this is hot. 
 
 ACETATE OF OCTYL. Vid. Acetate of Capryl. 
 
 ACETATE OF OXYCANTHIN. 
 
 ACETATE OF PHEKYL. Slightly soluble in 
 CiH 8 4 = C 4 H 3 (C 12 H 5 ;o 4 cold water. Soluble 
 with decomposition in 
 hot water. (Scrugham, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 241.) 
 
 ACETATE OF PICOLIH. Soluble in water. 
 (Unverdorben.) 
 
 ACETATE OF PLATINUM (PtO). Soluble in 
 C 4 H 3 PtO 4 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ACETATE of sesquioxide OF RHODIUM. A red 
 solution. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ACETATE OF RHOPIUM & OF SODIUM. Easily 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Very easily sol- 
 C 4 H 8 K0 4 uble in water. Soluble in 0.531 pt. 
 water at 2. Soluble in 0.437 pt. wa- 
 2 
 
 j ter at 13.9. Soluble in 0.321 pt. water at 28.5. 
 Soluble in 0.203 pt. water at 62.0. (Osann.) 
 Soluble in 1.02 pt. of water at 15.5. (Speil- 
 mann.JT.].)- Soluble in I pt. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) Soluble 
 in 0.125 pt. of water at 169 (boiling-point of the 
 saturated solution), or 100 pts. of water at 169 
 dissolve 798.2 pts. of it. (Legrand, toe. inf. cit.) 
 A very dilute aqueous solution decomposes when 
 left to itself. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Partial decom- 
 position with loss of acetic acid also occurs when 
 the aqueous solution is boiled down. 
 
 In a solution con- 
 taining for 100 pts. 
 of water, pts. of dry 
 acetate of potash 
 
 0.0 
 
 105 
 
 205 
 
 28.6 
 
 364 
 
 43.4 
 
 49.8 
 
 55.8 
 
 61.6 
 
 67.4 
 
 73.3 
 
 79.3 
 
 85.3 
 
 91.4 
 
 97.6 
 
 103.9 
 
 110.3 
 
 116.8 
 
 123.4 
 
 130.1 
 
 136.9 
 
 143.8 
 
 150.8 
 
 157.9 
 
 165.1 
 
 172.5 
 
 180.1 
 
 188.0 
 
 196.1 
 
 204.4 
 
 213.0 
 
 230.6 
 
 248.7 
 
 267.5 
 
 287.3 
 
 308.3 
 
 330.8 
 
 354.9 
 
 380.6 
 
 407.9 
 
 436.9 
 
 467.6 
 
 500.0 
 
 534.1 
 
 569.9 
 
 607.4 
 
 646.6 
 
 687.6 
 
 730.4 
 
 775.0 
 
 798.2 (Saturated.) 
 
 The boiling- 
 point is 
 elevated. 
 
 Difference. 
 
 10.5 
 
 9.5 
 
 8.6 
 
 7.8 
 
 7.0 
 
 6.4 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.9 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.1 
 
 6.2 
 
 6.3 
 
 6.4 
 
 6.5 
 
 6.6 
 
 6.7 
 
 6.8 
 
 6.9 
 
 7.0 
 
 7.1 
 
 7.2 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.6 
 
 7.9 
 
 8.1 
 
 8.3 
 
 8.6 
 
 17.6 
 
 18.1 
 
 18.8 
 
 19.8 
 
 21.0 
 
 22.5 
 
 24.1 
 
 25.7 
 
 27.3 
 
 29.0 
 
 30.7 
 
 32.4 
 
 34.1 
 
 358 
 
 37.5 
 
 39.2 
 
 41.0 
 
 42.8 
 
 44.6 
 
 23.2 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed in a 
 *lass tube, containing bits of metallic zinc, having 
 >een 100.2. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1835, (2.) 
 59. 440.) Easily soluble in alcohol, though less so 
 than in water. Soluble in 3 pts. of absolute alcohol 
 at the ordinary temperature. Soluble in 2 pts. of 
 absolute alcohol at the temperature of ebullition. 
 
10 
 
 ACETATES. 
 
 (Destouches.) Soluble in alcohol of 60%. (Tromms- 
 dorff.) Ether precipitates it from the alcoholic so- 
 lution. Readily soluble in boiling, less so in cold 
 creosote. (Reichenbach.) Soluble in both anhy- 
 drous and hydrated acetic acid. Soluble in warm, 
 less soluble in cold hydrate of anisyl. When one 
 equivalent of C 4 H 3 KX) 4 , in aqueous solution, is 
 mixed with a solution of an equivalent of nitrate 
 of lead (PbO, N0 5 ), 0.92 of it are decomposed to 
 nitrate of potash, which may be precipitated by 
 adding alcohol, while 0.08 of it remain unchanged ; 
 when mixed with a solution of an equivalent of 
 nitrate of strontia (SrO, NO B ) 0.67 of it are decom- 
 posed as before, while 0.33 of it remain unchanged ; 
 when mixed with a solution of an equivalent of 
 nitrate of baryta (BaO, N0 5 ), 0.27 of it are decom- 
 posed, while 0.73 of it remain unchanged ; when 
 mixed with a solution of an equivalent of sulphate 
 of soda (NaO, S0 3 ), 0.62 of it are decomposed, 
 while 0.38 of it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 II.) "Anhydrous bin ACETATE OF POTASH." Less 
 
 2C 4 H 3 K0 4 , C 8 H 6 6 deliquescent than the normal 
 
 salt. Exceedingly soluble in 
 
 water. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 
 
 317.) 
 
 III.) Bin ACETATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. 
 (Ordinary.) though less so than the 
 
 C 4 H 3 K 4 , C 4 H 4 4 & + 6 Aq norma i sa lt. Easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. More soluble in hot 
 than in cold absolute alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE OF POTASH & OF THORIA. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ACETATE OF POTASH & OF URANIUM. Easily 
 2C 4 H 3 (Ur 2 3 )0 3 ; C 4 H 3 K0 4 + 2Aq soluble in cold 
 
 water; partially 
 
 decomposed by boiling water. (Wertheim, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 62.) 
 
 ACETATE OF PROPYL. 
 
 (Acetate of Trityl. Propyl Acetic Ether.") 
 C 10 H 10 4 = C 4 H 3 (C 6 H 7 )0 4 
 
 .BinAcETATE OF PROPYLENE. Insoluble in a 
 (BinAcetate of Tritylene (of Gerhardt). small quan- 
 Propyl GlycrtdiAcetique.) tity> but dis . 
 
 ^w "12 u s ^s "e Oe n e i u solves in about 
 
 10 times its volume of water. Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in alcohol, and ether. (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 ACETATE OF PROPYLENYL. 
 Vid. Acetate of Allyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF QUINIDIN. Readily soluble in 
 water ; more soluble than the acetate of quinine. 
 
 ACETATE OF QUININE. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, readily soluble in boiling water. Soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE of sesquioxide OF RHODIUM. Soluble 
 in boiling water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ACETATE of sesquioxide OF RHODIUM & OF 
 SODA. Very readily soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ACETATE OF SALICYLOUS ACID. 
 Vid. AcetoSalicyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF SILVER. Difficultly soluble in 
 
 C 4 H 3 Ag0 4 water; being one of the least soluble 
 
 of the metallic acetates. (Otto-Graham.) 
 
 Soluble in 100 pts. of cold water. (Chenevix.) 
 
 Readily soluble in cyanide of potassium. 
 
 ACETATE OF SILVER & OF URANIUM. Easily 
 2 C 4 H 3 (Ur 2 3 ) 3 ; C 4 H 8 Ag 4 + 2 Aq soluble with- 
 out decom- 
 position in cold, but is decomposed by boiling wa- 
 ter. (Wertheim, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 61.) 
 
 ACETATE OF SILVER with PROPIONATE OF 
 C 4 H 3 Ag 4 ; C 6 H 6 Ag O 4 Si LVER. Difficultly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ACETATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Slowly efflorescent. Soluble in 2.86 
 a = C 4 H 3 Na0 4 +6Aq pts. of cold water, the sat- 
 (Prdinary Commercial.-) urate( J solution containing 
 25.91% of it. (Bergman, 5. 78, [T.].) 
 
 Soluble in 3.9 pts. of water at 6. 
 " 2.4 " " 37. 
 
 " 1.7 " " 48. 
 
 (Osann.) 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in CanstatCs 
 Jahresbericht,fiir 1854, p. 76.) The aqueous solution 
 saturated at 12.5 contains 51.7% of it. (Hassen- 
 fratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) 100 pts. of water 
 at 15.5 dissolve 35 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) The 
 aqueous solution saturated at its boiling-point 
 (124.4) contains 60% of the dry salt ; or, 100 pts. 
 of water at 124.4 dissolve 150 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. 
 of the dry salt is soluble in 0.66 pt. of water at 
 124.4. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 When heated, it melts in its water of crystalli- 
 zation, and if the fluid is covered with a layer of 
 oil it will not solidify as it becomes cold, unless it 
 be agitated as by adding a crystal of the salt. 
 (Berzelius", Lehrb.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 Contains 
 
 solution of 
 
 per cent 
 
 solution of 
 
 per cent 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 of the salt 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 of the salt. 
 
 at 12.5 
 
 
 at 12.5 
 
 
 1.0028 . 
 
 . . 1 
 
 1.0685 . 
 
 . . 22 
 
 1.0058 
 
 2 
 
 1.0751 
 
 24 
 
 1.0087 
 
 3 
 
 1.0817 
 
 26 
 
 1.0117 
 
 4 
 
 .0883 
 
 28 
 
 1.0146 
 
 5 
 
 .0955 
 
 30 
 
 1.0176 
 
 6 
 
 .1018 
 
 32 
 
 1.0206 
 
 7 
 
 .1090 
 
 34 
 
 1.0237 
 
 8 
 
 .1165 
 
 36 
 
 1.0267 
 
 9 
 
 .1242 
 
 38 
 
 1.0299 
 
 10 
 
 1.1320 
 
 AO 
 
 1.0361 ' 
 
 12 
 
 1.1399 
 
 42 
 
 1.0424 
 
 14 
 
 1.1482 
 
 44 
 
 1.0488 
 
 16 
 
 1.1567 
 
 46 
 
 1.0553 
 
 18 
 
 1.1656 
 
 48 
 
 1.0619 . 
 
 . 20 
 
 1.1755 . 
 
 . . 50 
 
 (Hassenfratz, 
 
 Ann. de Chim., 
 
 28. 303.) 
 
 An aqueou 
 
 i Contains 1 pt.-of 
 
 
 solution of crystallized Ace- 
 
 . Boils 
 
 gp. gr. 
 
 tate 
 
 of Soda in 
 
 at C. 
 
 at 12.5 
 
 pt 
 
 3. of water. 
 
 
 1.008 , 
 
 
 50 . ... 
 
 100.18 
 
 1.010 40 100.2 
 
 1.014 30 100.3 
 
 1.017 20 100.4 
 
 1.030 10 100.8 
 
 1.060 5 101.7 
 
 (R. Brandes, Brandes's Archiv., 1827, 22. 14' 
 
 In a solution con- 
 taining for 100 pts. 
 of water, pts. of dry 
 Acetate of Soda. 
 
 The temperature 
 of ebullition 
 is elevated. 
 
 Difference. 
 
 . 
 
 .... 
 
 
 9.9 
 
 1 
 
 9.9 
 
 17.6 
 
 2 
 
 7.7 
 
 24.1 
 
 3 
 
 6.5 
 
 30.5 
 
 4 
 
 6.4 
 
 36.7 
 
 5 
 
 6.2 
 
 42.9 
 
 6' 
 
 6.2 
 
 49.3 
 
 7 
 
 6.4 
 
 55.8 
 
 8 
 
 6.5 
 
 64.2 
 
 9 
 
 6.6 
 
 69.2 
 
 10 
 
 6.8 
 
 76.2 . 
 
 ..11 .... 
 
 , .7.0 
 
ACETATES. 
 
 11 
 
 In a solution con- 
 taining for 100 pts. 
 of water, pts. of dry 
 Acetate of Soda. 
 83.4 . . . . 
 
 The temperature 
 of ebullition 
 is elevated. 
 
 . ... 12 ... 
 
 Difference. 
 7.2 
 
 90.9 
 
 13 
 
 7.5 
 
 98.8 
 
 14 
 
 7.9 
 
 107.1 
 
 15 
 
 8.3 
 
 115.8 
 
 16 
 
 8.7 
 
 125.1 
 
 17 
 
 9.3 
 
 134.9 
 
 18 
 
 9.8 
 
 145.2 
 
 19 
 
 10.3 
 
 156.1 
 
 20 
 
 10.9 
 
 167.4 
 
 21 
 
 11.3 
 
 179.3 
 
 22 
 
 11.9 
 
 191 6 
 
 23 
 
 12.3 
 
 204.5 
 
 24 
 
 12.9 
 
 209.0 (Satu: 
 
 rated.) 24.37 . 
 
 . 4.5 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of zinc, having 
 been 100.1. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1835, 
 (2.) 59. 439.) 
 
 Less soluble in alcohol than in water. Soluble 
 in 2.143 pts. of strong boiling alcohol. (Wenzel, 
 in his Verwandtschaft, p. 300, [T.].) Ether pre- 
 cipitates it from its cold alcoholic solution. (Dce- 
 bereiner.) Readily soluble in boiling, less so in 
 cold creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 When one equivalent of C 4 H 3 Na O 4 , in aque- 
 ous solution, is mixed with a solution of an equiv- 
 alent of sulphate of potash (KO, SO 3 ) 0.365 of it 
 are decomposed to sulphate of soda, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while 0.635 of it 
 remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 b = C 4 H 3 Na 4 + 9 Aq Effloresces more rapidly 
 than a. 
 
 .BtYlAcETATE OF SODA. 
 
 ACETATE OF SODA & OF URANIUM. Soluble in 
 
 2 (Ur 2 3 , C 4 H 3 3 ) ; C 4 H 3 Na0 4 water. (Wertheim, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 11. 50.) Its aqueous solution is decomposed 
 on boiling, with separation of sesquioxide of ura- 
 nium. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 148.) 
 
 ACETATE OF SODA with CYANIDE OF MER- 
 HgCy ;C 4 H 3 Na0 4 +7Aq CURT. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Custer.) 
 
 ACETATE OF SODA with PROPIONATE OF 
 SODA. Easily solu- 
 ble in water. (Gott- 
 lieb.) 
 ACETATE OF SODA with SULPHATE OF SODA. 
 
 (Sulpha Acetate of Soda.) (Mill, Ann. Phil., (2.) 
 
 7C 4 H 3 Na0 4 ;NaO,S0 3 + a:Aq 1Q. 113 [T.].) 
 
 ACETATE OF SOLANIN. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF STANMETHYL. 
 
 ACETATE OF STANNETHYL. Soluble in water. 
 (Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 ACETATE OF STIB^AMYL. 
 
 ACETATE OF STisfnEiHYL. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Merck.) 
 
 ACETATE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. More soluble in water than the 
 formiate. 
 
 ACETATE OF STIBMETHYL.ETHYLIUM. Slow- 
 C 4 H 3 (sbJ, r c * H ? V> 4 !y deliquescent. Readily 
 3 \ t(C4H 5 ) s y soluble in water. (Fried- 
 Iffinder.) 
 
 ACETATE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. Soluble in 
 water, the solution decomposing when evaporated. 
 
 ACETATE OF STRONTIA. Efflorescent. Solu- 
 
 C 4 H s Sr0 4 + 4Aq, &+Aq ble in 2.5 pts. of cold wa- 
 
 ter. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 
 C 4 H 3 Na0 4j c 6 H 5 BJa0 4 
 
 3. 389.) 100 pts. of water at 100 dissolve 40 
 pts. of it. (lire's Diet.) Very easily soluble in 
 water; less soluble in alcohol. (Vauquelin.) 
 Insoluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Ct H 3 Sr04, in aqueous 
 solution, is mixed with a solution of an equiva- 
 lent of nitrate of lead (Pb 0, NO 5 ) 0.655 of it are 
 decomposed to nitrate of strontia, which may be 
 precipitated by adding alcohol, while 0.345 of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of nitrate of potash (KO, NOs) 
 0.36 of it are decomposed as before, while 0.64 of 
 it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 ACETATE OF STRONTIA & OF URANIUM. Solu- 
 2C 4 H 3 (Ur 2 3 )0 3 ;C 4 H 3 Sr0 4 -l-6Aq ble in water; 
 
 without decom- 
 position if this be acidulated with acetic acid. 
 (Weselsky.) 
 
 ACETATE OF STRONTIA with NITRATE OF 
 
 r> TT , n Q-n wo -i-Q A STRONTIA. Perma- 
 C 4 U 3 Sr U 4 ; r U, JN<J 6 -|-j Aq 011.1- 
 
 nent. Soluble m wa- 
 ter, (v. Hauer.) 
 
 ACETATE OF STRYCHNINE. Soluble in 96 pts. 
 of water at 18.75. (Abl, from Oesterr. Zntschrift 
 fiir Pharm., 8. 201, in CanstatCs Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Parrish's Pract. Pharm., p. 409.) 
 
 ACETATE OF TELLURMETHYL. Easily soluble 
 in water. (Woehler & Dean.) 
 
 ACETATE OF TETRYL. 
 Vid. Acetate of Butyl. 
 
 ACETATE OF THIACETONIN. Very soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Staedeler.) 
 
 ACETATE OF THORIA. Scarcely at all soluble 
 C 4 H 3 Th 4 in water. 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF TIN. Soluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 3 Sn0 4 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ACETATE of binoxide OF TIN. Easily soluble 
 C 8 H 6 Sn" 8 in water. ( Wenzel. ) 
 
 ACETATE OF TITANIUM (Ti 0-2). Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACETATE OF TOLUENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Acetate of Benzene.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 GIS H ]0 O 4 = C 4 H 3 (C 14 H 7 ) 4 
 
 ACETATE OF TREHALOSE. Tolerably easily 
 C 8 H (C 12 H 8 O 6 ") 8 soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Soluble 
 C 4 H 3 Ur0 4 in water, at least when this is acidu- 
 lated with acetic acid, but the solution 
 is decomposed by evaporation. 
 
 ACETATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 I.) normal. Much less soluble in water than ni- 
 Ur 2 3) C 4 H s 3 + 2Aq& + 3Aq trate of uranium. 
 Decomposed by 
 
 boiling water. (Wertheim, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 11. pp. 50, 57.) Easily soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) terbasic. Soluble in water. (Ordway, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 26. 209.) 
 
 ACETATE OF URANIUM & OF ZINC. Soluble 
 2 (Ur 2 3 , C 4 H 3 3 ) ; C 4 H 3 Zn O 4 + 7 Aq in water, with- 
 
 oat decompo- 
 sition if this is acidulated with acetic acid. (We- 
 selsky. J 
 
 ACETATE OF VANADIUM. Very slowly solu- 
 C 8 H 8 Va"O 8 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ACETATE OF YTTRIA. Permanent. Soluble 
 C 4 H 3 Y0 4 + 2Aq in 9 pts. of cold water, and in 
 much less hot water. Soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berlin.) 
 
12 
 
 ACETATES. 
 
 ACETATE OF ZINC. 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in water. 
 b = hydrated. Permanent Very soluble in water. 
 C 4 ,H 3 Zn 4 + 3 Aq 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of cold water. 
 " 0.5 " boiling " 
 " 80 " cold alcohol of 80%. 
 " 30 " boiling " " 
 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 Oesterr. Zeitschri.fi fur Pharm., 8. 201, in CanstatCs 
 Jahresberidit, fur 1854, p. 76.) Readily soluble in 
 boiling, less so in cold creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 II.) basic. There appear to be two basic com- 
 pounds, one of which is difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 ACETATE OF ZIRCONIA. Deliquescent. (Ber- 
 C^HgZr"' 12 zelius.) Permanent. (Vauquelin.) 
 Easily soluble in water and in alco- 
 hol. (Klaproth.) 
 
 ACETENE. 
 
 Vid. Ethylene. 
 
 ACETIC CHLORIDE. 
 Vid. Chloride of Acetyl. 
 
 ACETIC ETHER. 
 Vid. Acetate of Ethyl. 
 
 ACETIC SALICTLATE. 
 Vid. jAcetoSalicylic Acid (Anhydrous). 
 
 ACETIDIN. 
 
 Vid. Acetate of Glyceryl(IL). 
 
 ACETIN, mono, bi, tri. 
 Vid. Acetate of Glyceryl. 
 
 AcEToBENzoic Acir>(Anhydrous). Slowly 
 (Benzoacetic Acid. Acetate acidified by boiling wa- 
 MHB^HELtf ter. Decomposed byal- 
 jieetic Benzoate.) cohol. boluble in ether. 
 
 o H n _ C 4 H 33 In (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et 
 C H <A-C, 4 lf 6 <U * > %s>? (3 . } ' 37. gos.) 
 
 ACETOBCTTRATE OF X. 
 
 Vid. Butyro Acetate of X. 
 
 AcEToCLHORHTDRiN. Nearly insoluble in wa- 
 C 10 H 9 C10 6 ter. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 41. 302.) 
 
 AcETOeftCHLORHYDiN. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 10 H 8 C1 2 O 4 water. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 52.460.) 
 
 DmACETOCHLORHYDRIN. 
 C 14 H U C10 8 
 
 ACETOCHLOHHYDROBROMHYDRIN. 
 
 C 10 H 8 ClBr0 4 
 
 AcEToCiNNAMic AciD( Anhydrous). Solu- 
 (Cinnamic Acetate. Acetic Cin- ble in ether. (Ger- 
 namate. Acetate of Cinnamyl. V,o rf it \ 
 Cinnamate of Acetyl. 
 
 C M H 10 6 =% H H ; 2 *}0 2 
 
 AcEToCuMiNic ACID (Anhydrous). Readily 
 (Acetate of Cumyl. Cuminate acidified by water. 
 
 Acetatt - (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. 
 . r>i \ on 
 
 j n et Phys., (3.) 37. 
 
 ueH^o ' 310) 
 
 ACETONIC ACID. Easily soluble in water, 
 C 18 H 18 On = C 16 H 14 10 , 2 HO alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Stjedeler.) 
 
 ACETONATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble in 
 C 16 H 14 Ba 2 O 12 water, and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 ether. (Staedeler.) 
 
 ACETONATE OF ZINC. Only very sparingly 
 soluble even in boiling water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 (Staedeler.) 
 
 fc 
 
 Acetic 
 
 inate.) 
 C 4 H 3 0, 
 
 ACETONE. Miscible in all proportions with 
 
 (Pyroacetic Spirit. Pyroacetic water, alcohol, ether, 
 
 rt'^JISf'* Akohot ' M " and the volatile oils; 
 
 tnyl Acetyl.) . , ' 
 
 C. H, ) ,. also with many of the 
 
 C 6 H 8 o a =*= c 2 u s j 2 compound ethers, and 
 
 with hot olive oil, but 
 
 is somewhat less soluble in cold olive oil. On 
 the, addition of chloride of calcium, or hydrate, or 
 carbonate of potash to the aqueous solution a por- 
 tion of the acetone separates out. 
 
 It dissolves many of the fats, resins, camphors, 
 waxes, &c. But most of the metallic salts which 
 are soluble in alcohol are insoluble in acetone. 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 ACETONE Chlorg. 
 Vid. ChlorAcetone. 
 
 ACETONIN. Readily soluble in water. The so- 
 C 18 H 18 N 2 = N 2 1 (C 6 H 6 ) 3 lotion becomes turbid 
 when heated. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Stsedeler.) 
 
 AcETONlTRATE OF X. 
 
 Vid. Acetate of X with Nitrate of X. 
 
 ACEToNlTRIL. 
 
 Vid. Cyanide of Methyl. 
 
 AcEToNiTRiLE, trinitrtf. 
 Vid. terNitrAcetoNitril. 
 
 AcEToPROPioxATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 
 C 10 H 8 Ag 2 8 = ^ g Ag * I soluble in water, the so- 
 
 *** HI 3 lution undergoing de- 
 
 composition when boiled. (Frankland & Kolbe.) 
 
 AcEToPROPiONATE OF SODA. Very readily sol- 
 C 10 H 8 Na, 8 + 9 A^HaNaO, J +9 ^ uble m^water. 
 
 ACETOSALICYL. Insoluble in water, or in 
 (Salicylide of Acetyl. Acetyl- aqueous solutions of 
 Salicylou, Acid.)^ ^ potagh> Qr atnmonia . 
 
 C 18 H 8 6 = C4 14 jj 3 o a 4 j Sparingly soluble in 
 
 cold, more abundantly 
 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. Sparingly soluble in 
 ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 
 192.) 
 
 ACETOSALICYLIC ACID (Anhydrous). De- 
 (Acetate of Saiicyl. Sa- composed at once by an 
 & Ac - tyL Aeetic ~ aqueous solution of car- 
 
 outityttttc. , * - . . .^ 
 
 CuH 5 4 J ft bonate of soda. (Ger- 
 C 18 H 8 8 = C ^ H3 5 02 4 ^ 0., hardt AnHi Chf e{ p hys ^ 
 
 (3.) 37^326.) 
 
 ACETOSAMIN. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in 
 
 (Acetoylamin Acetosylamin. water, with subsequent 
 
 Acetylamin (ofNatanson).) part ; al decomposition. 
 
 C 4 H 6 N=N|^"3 Soluble in all propor- 
 
 tions in alcohol. Insol- 
 
 uble in ether. Its salts are generally deliquescent ; 
 very soluble in water ; insoluble, or but sparingly 
 soluble, in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. (Na- 
 tanson.) 
 
 ACETOSTANNETHYL. 
 
 Vid. |-StannEthyl. 
 ACETOSYLAMIN. 
 Vid. Acetosamin. 
 
 Vid. fc/raVinylium. 
 
 ACETOYL Not isolated. 
 (Acetyl (of Berzelius). Vinyl.) 
 C : H3J orC4 H 3 
 
 ACETOYLAMIN. 
 Vid. Acetosamin. 
 
 ACETOYLPHENYLAMIN. 
 
 Vid. PhenylAcetosamin. 
 " ACETYL " (of Berzelius). = Acetoyl. 
 
ACONITATES. 
 
 13 
 
 ACETYL (of Gerhardt, &c). Not isolated. 
 
 (Acetoxyl.) 
 C 4 II 3 2 
 
 ACETYLALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Acetyl. 
 ACETYLAMIN. Vid. Acetosamin. 
 
 " ACETYLAMMONIUM " (of Natanson). Vid. Ace- 
 tosamin. 
 
 ACETYLAMMONIUM. Vid. Acetylide of Am- 
 C 4 H 7 N0 2 monium. 
 
 ACETYLANILIN. Vid. PhenylAcetosamin. 
 
 ACETYLBENZOIN. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 
 r w n C 28 H H 2 \ o ily soluble in alcohol, and 
 CH0_ 
 
 solves nearly twice its weight of this compound. 
 (Zinin.) 
 
 ACETYLIDE OF AMMONIUM. Miscible in all 
 (AldehydeAmmonia.) proportions with water ; less 
 C 4 H 7 N0 2 = C *^ 3 ^M soluble in alcohol. Very 
 4 sparingly soluble in ether. 
 (Gerhardt.) Not at all soluble in ether. (Liebig.) 
 Decomposed by dilute acids, like acetic acid. 
 
 ACETYLTDE OF AMMONIUM with NlTKATE OF 
 
 2 C 4 H 3 (N H 4 ) 2 ; Ag 0, N 5 SILVER. Very soluble 
 in water. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 ACETYLIDE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Aldehydate of Potash.) 
 C 4 H 3 K0 2 
 
 ACETYLIDE OF SILVER. Easily soluble in wa- 
 (Aldehydate of Stiver.) ter. Sparingly soluble in 
 b 4 H 3 Ag0 2 alcohol. 
 
 ACETYLIUM. Vid. Acetosamin. 
 
 TefraAcETYLiUM. Vid. tefraVinylium. 
 
 ACETYLMERCAPTAN. Vid. Hydride of Sulph- 
 Acetyl. 
 
 ACETYLMETHYL. Vid. Acetone. 
 
 AcETYLNiTKoPHLORETic ACID. Sparingly 
 C 22 H n N 0^ = C 18 H 7 (N 4 ) (C 4 H 3 2 ) 6 , H soluble 
 
 in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in alcohol, (v. Gilm.) 
 
 ACETYLPHLORETIC ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 C 22 H 12 8 = C 18 H g (C 4 H 3 2 )0 5 , HO in cold, easily 
 
 soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Easily soluble in.ether. (v. Gilm.) 
 
 ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID. Insoluble in cold, 
 C 18 H 8 8 somewhat soluble in boiling water. Ea- 
 sily soluble in alcohol, and ether, (v. 
 Gilm.) 
 
 ACETYLSULPHIDE OF X. Vid, ThiAcctate 
 of X. 
 
 [See also MethylUrea.] More 
 C 2 O 2 " readily soluble in hot than 
 OjH 8 2 j n co i<i wa ter, and al- 
 cohol. (Moldenhauer.) 
 Very sparingly soluble in cold water. Soluble in 
 100 pts. of cold alcohol. Soluble in 10 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol. Much more soluble in boiling water than 
 in boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Zinin.) 
 
 ACHILLEIC ACID. Soluble in 2 pts. of water 
 (Perhaps identical with Malic Acid. (Gmelin.) at 12.5. 
 
 (Zanon.) 
 
 ACHILLEATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 ACHILLEATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 ACHILLEATE OF LIME. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 ACHILLEATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ACHILLEATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Very 
 soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ACHILLEATE OF QUININE. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 ACHILLEATE OF SODA. Very soluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ACHILLEIN. (From Achillea mittefolium.) Hy- 
 groscopic. Easily soluble in water, and in boiling 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether, but soluble in acidu- 
 lated ether. Also soluble in ammonia-water. (Za- 
 non.) 
 
 ACICHLORIDE. ) Names proposed by Berzelius 
 
 ACISULPHIDE. ) for compounds of an acid and 
 chloride, or sulphide. (See Berzelius's Jahresbe- 
 richt, 20. (2. Abth.) p. 478.) 
 
 ACONITANILIC ACID. 
 Vid. PhenylAconitamic Acid. 
 
 AcoNiiANinD. Soluble in cold alcohol. 
 C 48 H 21 N 3 6 (?) Partially soluble in ammonia-wa- 
 ter. (Pebal.) 
 
 ACONITIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble in 3 
 
 ( Citridic Acid. Equisetic pts. of water at 1 5, and 
 Add. Achilleic Add.) in a smaller qua ntity of 
 
 ^HeO^-i^tt^di u hot water. (Baup.) Very 
 readily soluble in water, either hot or cold, being 
 much more soluble than its isomer fumaric acid. 
 (Buchner.) Soluble in 2 pts. of alcohol, of 88% 
 at 12. (Baup.) Readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Crasso.) Most of the normal aconitates 
 are easily soluble in water. 
 
 ACONITATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 a = tri, or normal. Readily soluble in water ; but 
 the solution loses ammonia when exposed to the 
 air. 
 
 b = mono. Soluble in 6.5 pts. water at 15; 
 C 12 H 6 (N H 4 ) 0^ more soluble in hot water. (Baup, 
 Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 30. 322.) 
 
 c = acid. More soluble than the monobasic 
 
 C^HgtNH^sOu ; C^HoO^ salt, but is decomposed, 
 
 with separation of the 
 
 latter, as soon as it dissolves. (Baup, loc. cit., p. 
 321.) 
 
 ACONITATE OF BARYTA. Scarcely at all solu- 
 C 12 H 3 Ba 3 12 + 6Aq ble in water. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of aconitic 
 acid. (Buchner.) By precipitating equisetic acid 
 Regnault obtained a gelatinous baryta salt solu- 
 ble in 9 pts. of water at 20. 
 
 ACONITATE OF COPPER. Somewhat soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACONITATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in an alco- 
 
 C 24 H 18 Ou, = C^ H s (C 4 H 5 ) 3 12 holic solution of chlor- 
 
 hydric acid, from 
 
 which it separates on the addition of water. 
 (Crasso.) 
 
 ACONITATE of peroxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 ACONITATE OF LEAD. Very sparingly soluble 
 C 12 II 3 Pb 3 Oi 2 + 3Aq in boiling water. (Buchner.) 
 
 ACONITATE OF LIME. At first it is soluble in 
 C 12 H 3 Ca 3 12 + 6 Aq water, but after having crystal- 
 lized it is but slowly soluble. 
 
 Soluble in 98 <3> 99 pts. water at 15. Soluble 
 in dilute nitric acid. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30. 323.) 
 
 ACONITATE OF MAGNESIA. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ACONITATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. 
 
 Cj-jHsMnsO^ + ^Aq Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 more readily soluble in hot 
 
 water. Partially decomposed by boiling water. 
 
 (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 323.) 
 
14 
 
 AIR. 
 
 ACONITATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 ACONITATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water ; decomposed when boiled 
 therewith. (Buchner.) 
 
 ACONITATE OP POTASH. 
 a = normal. Very deliquescent. 
 C 12 H 3 K 3 Q^ 
 
 b = di. Permanent. When dissolved in 3 or 
 (biAconitate') ofBaup. 4 pts. of water it is at once 
 c i2 H 4 K 2i2 partially decomposed, with 
 
 deposition of a salt containing a larger proportion 
 of acid. Much more soluble in water than the 
 monobasic salt. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 30. 316.) 
 
 c = mono. Soluble in 1 1 pts. water at 1 5 if it 
 (triAconltate') of Baup. be dissolved directly in wa- 
 C^HgKOuj ter, but if a solution satu- 
 
 rated at a higher temperature be cooled, a larger 
 amount than this will remain in solution even 
 after standing during several days. Much less 
 soluble in water than the bibasic salt. Baup, loc. 
 cit, p. 317.) 
 
 ACONITATE OF SILVER. Very slightly soluble 
 C^ H 3 Ag s 12 in water. Readily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Buchner.) 
 
 ACONITATE OF SODA. 
 
 a = normal or tri. Hygroscopic. Very readily 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Buchner.) 
 
 b = acid. Efflorescent. Soluble in 2 pts. wa- 
 (6m) of Baup. ter at 15 : less sol- 
 
 C u H,Na 8 11 ;C u H.O u + 12Aq uble in ' alcohol 
 
 (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 319.) 
 
 ACONITATE OF ZINC. Very soluble in water. 
 
 ACONITIN. Permanent. Soluble in 150 pts. 
 
 Ceo H 47 N O u = N { Ceo H 47 U "' f cold water. Sol- 
 
 uble in 50 pts. of 
 
 boiling water ; the saturated cold solution contain- 
 ing 0.66% of it and the boiling saturated solution 
 2%, but the hot solution deposits nothing on cool- 
 ing. (Hesse.) Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 soluble in boiling water. Readily soluble in alco- 
 hol and in ether, though less soluble in the latter 
 than in the former, (v. Planta.) 100 pts. of 
 chloroform dissolve 22 pts. of it. (Schlimpert, 
 Kopp $ Will's J. B.,fiir 1859, p. 405.) Soluble in 
 nitric acid. The salts of aconitin are generally 
 permanent and easily soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 ACONITOBIANIL. Vid. PhenylAconitimid. 
 
 AcoNiToWANiLic AciD.(l) Sparingly solu- 
 CsoHmNjjOgC?) ble in water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and in ammonia-water. 
 (Pebal.) 
 
 ACROL. Vid. Hydride of Acryl. 
 
 ACROLEIN. Vid. Hydride of Acryl. 
 
 ACRYL. Vid. Allyl. 
 
 ACRYL RESINS. Vid. Resins of Acryl. 
 
 ACRYLIC ACID. Miscible in all proportions 
 Acronic Acid.) with water. The acrylates, 
 
 = c 6 H s o s ,H<> with the exception of the 
 silver salt, are easily soluble in water. 
 
 ACRYLATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 8 H 3 Ba0 4 ter, somewhat less so in alcohol. 
 
 ACRYLATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 (Schlippe.) 
 
 ACRYLATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly solu- 
 C H 3 Ag0 4 ble in cold, decomposed by boiling 
 water. 
 
 ACRYLATE OF SODA. Efflorescent. Very sol- 
 C 6 H 3 Na 4 + 6 Aq uble in water. More soluble in 
 water than acetate of soda. 
 (Redtenbacher.) 
 
 ( 
 L 
 
 ADIPIC ACID. 100 pts. of water at 18 dis- 
 C^ H 10 8 + Aq = C^ H 8 6) 2 H + Aq solve 7.73 pts. 
 
 of it. A solu- 
 tion prepared at a higher temperature which depos- 
 ited crystals on cooling contained in 100 pts., at 18, 
 8.61 pts. of the acid. (Wire, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 104. 276.) Readily soluble in boiling, much less 
 soluble in cold water. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 
 84.) Readily soluble in boiling, tolerably soluble 
 in cold water. (Laurent.) Very readily soluble 
 in boiling alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in somewhat more that 1 pt. of water, 
 or of nitric acid. (Bromeis.) Soluble in water. 
 Only sparingly soluble in concentrated nitric acid. 
 (Lawrence Smith, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 60.) 
 
 ADIPATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ADIPATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H 8 Ba 2 8 
 
 ADIPATE OF COPPER. Soluble in water. (L. 
 Smith, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 61.) 
 
 ADIPATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in alcohol, from 
 C 20 H 1 80 8 = C 12 Hg(C 4 H 5 ) 2 Og which it separates on 
 the addition of water. 
 (Malaguti.) 
 
 ADIPATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 ADIPATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. (L. Smith, 
 C 12 H 8 Pb 2 8 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 61; Bro- 
 meis.) 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of basic acetate of lead. (Smith, Ibid.) 
 
 ADIPATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, from 
 Cu H 8 Cajj 8 + 4 Aq which alcohol precipitates it. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 ADIPATE OF SILVER. Ppt. Slightly soluble 
 C 12 H 8 Ag 2 8 in water. (L. Smith, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 6. 61.) 
 
 ADIPATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in water, 
 C 12 H 8 Sr 2 8 + 4 Aq from which it is precipitated by 
 alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 ADIPATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. (L. 
 Smith, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 61.) 
 
 AESCULIN. Vid. Esculin. 
 
 AETHAL. Vid. Hydrate of Cetyl. 
 
 AETHALIC ACID. Vid. Palmitic Acid. 
 
 AETHERIN. Vid. Ethylene. 
 
 AETHOKIRRIN. Vid. Anthokirrin. 
 
 AGARICIN. 
 
 AGROSTEMMIN (from Agrostemma Githago). 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol. (H. Schulze.) 
 
 AIR (Atmospheric). 
 
 Dissolves of Dissolves of 
 
 1 vol. of water atmospheric 1 vol. of water atmospheric 
 
 'C 
 
 pressure of 
 mercury. 
 
 .... 0.02471 
 1 02406 
 
 2 0.02345 
 
 3 0.02287 
 
 4 0.02237 
 
 5 0.02179 
 
 6 0.02128 
 
 7 0.02080 
 
 8 0.02034 
 
 9 0.01992 
 
 10 0.01953 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 289, 128, 156, 174.) 
 
 pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 11 .... 0.01916 
 12 0.01882 
 
 13 0.01851 
 
 14 0.01822 
 
 15 0.01795 
 
 16 0.01771 
 
 17 0.01750 
 
 18 0.01732 
 
 19 0.01717 
 
 20 0.01704 
 
ALBUMEN. 
 
 15 
 
 100 vols. of water at 18, and the ordinary pres- 
 sure, absorb about ,5 vols. of atmospheric air. 
 (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1814, 47. 
 167.) 
 
 When absolute alcohol is exposed to the air it 
 takes up 0.11 of its volume of gas, J of which is 
 oxygen and f nitrogen. On mixing the alcohol 
 with an equal volume of water f of the dissolved 
 gas is expelled. (Dcebereiner.) 
 
 AKCETHIN (of Zeise). Rather difficultly solu- 
 (Probably identical with Thiacetonin.) ble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, ether, and weak acids. 
 
 ALANIN. Soluble in 4.6 pts. of water at 17; 
 
 (Amido Propianic Acid. Isomeric with more readily Sol- 
 Sarcosin, Urethan, and Lactamid.) \\Y>\Q in warm 
 
 H 5 2 j0 2 w at er, and still 
 
 H ) more soluble in 
 
 dilute acids. Soluble in about 500 pts. of cold al- 
 cohol of 80%. Insoluble in ether. Soluble, with- 
 out decomposition, in monohydratcd sulphuric 
 acid. Unacted on by boiling alkaline solutions. 
 (Schlieper.) 
 ALANIN with BARYTA. Very soluble in water. 
 
 ALANIN with COPPER. Tolerably soluble in 
 C 6 H 6 Cu N 4 + Aq water. Almost completely in- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ALANIN with LEAD. Soluble in water. Insol- 
 2 C 6 H 6 Pb N 4 , Pb 0, H O + 5 Aq. uble in spirit. 
 
 ALANIN with SILVER. Very soluble in water. 
 C 6 H 6 Ag N 4 
 
 ALANTIN. Vid. Inulin. 
 
 ALBAN. Vid, p. Resin of Gutta-Percha. 
 
 ALBUMEN. Two modifications are distin- 
 quished ; the one soluble, and the other insoluble. 
 
 I.) Soluble Albumen. Soluble in water. When 
 a concentrated solution is heated to 59.5 it com- 
 mences to become cloudy, at 61 63 flocks form 
 in the liquor, and at a slightly higher temperature 
 the whole coagulates, the albumen being converted 
 into the insoluble modification. 
 
 Neither alcohol nor ether dissolve albumen. 
 WHen a large excess of strong alcohol is added 
 to an aqueous solution of albumen the latter is 
 precipitated in its insoluble modification, but i! 
 only a small quantity of dilute alcohol be em- 
 ployed the precipitate produced may be redis- 
 solved in water. When alcohol is added to a 
 somewhat strongly diluted solution of albumen so 
 that it becomes opaline, the liquor will gelatinize 
 after a time, but on heating this jelly it redissolves 
 Dried white of eggs or serum of blood may be 
 dissolved in alcohol which contains a litte alkali 
 in solution. (Scherer.) When ether is agitated 
 with a solution of albumen (of white of eggs or 
 serum of blood), it coagulates only a very smal 
 quantity of the latter, the greater portion preserv- 
 ing the soluble state ; if the albumen solution is 
 concentrated, it becomes so thick that it appears to 
 be coagulated. (Lieberkuehn.) 
 
 Insoluble in the fatty, or essential, oils. It is 
 coagulated by creosote, and by anilin. 
 
 Most mineral acids as sulphuric, chlorhydric 
 nitric, and pyrophosphoric precipitate it in the 
 insoluble state. Common (c) phosphoric, acetic 
 tartaric, and most organic, acids do not precipitate 
 albumen from moderately concentrated solutions 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of potash, anc 
 in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Soluble albumen behaves like fibrine, q. v., with 
 very dilute chlorhydric acid, dissolving therein 
 But coagulated albumen is insoluble in pure di 
 
 ute chlorhydric acid. (Bouchardat & Sandras, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 483.) 
 
 Alcohol, concentrated mineral acids, solutions 
 if bichromate of potash, of alum, corrosive sub- 
 imate, subacetate of lead, &c., &c., all precipitate 
 >ure albumen from its aqueous solution, just as 
 hey do the white of egg. When several volumes 
 of ether are added to a concentrated solution of 
 albumen a gelatinous magma is formed ; this mass 
 redissolves in water if this be added immediately, 
 jut if it be left for a short time water can no 
 onger dissolve it. 
 
 A very large excess of acetic acid does not pre- 
 cipitate albumen immediately, but after standing 
 'or several hours the solution gelatinizes, forming 
 a mass insoluble in water, from which all the acid 
 may be removed by prolonged washing; albumen 
 thus prepared is remarkable for the facility with 
 which it dissolves in solutions of potash, a trace 
 of this alkali being sufficient to render a large 
 quantity of the albumen soluble in water, it un- 
 dergoes change however. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch, et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 220.) 
 
 Soluble albumen, when submitted to the influ- 
 ence of agitation, may be transformed into an in- 
 soluble body. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 33. 177.) 
 
 Several weak acids do not precipitate albumen 
 from its solutions : thus trihydrated phosphoric 
 acid, or acetic acid, will not re-precipitate it except- 
 ing when certain salts are present. (Melsens, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 Albumen combines with various salts, forming 
 compounds which are soluble in an excess of an 
 aqueous solution of albumen; from these solutions 
 c phosphoric acid precipitates the compound, ex- 
 cepting certain salts in solutions of which phos- 
 phoric acid produces no precipitate, for example, 
 phosphate of soda, acetate of soda, and acetate of 
 potash ; but even in these a slight precipitate is 
 produced after agitation. The precipitates which 
 phosphoric acid produces are soluble in an excess 
 of this acid. In general the acid phosphates be- 
 have like phosphoric acid. 
 
 Acetic acid also precipitates the compounds of 
 albumen and salts, and the precipitates are not 
 sensibly soluble in acetic acid. Sometimes the 
 precipitates are granular, sometimes flocculent. 
 In the former case they are soluble in phosphoric 
 acid, in the latter case only very sparingly soluble. 
 When a precipitate formed by acetic or by phos- 
 phoric acid has been dissolved in the latter, the 
 addition of an excess of acetic acid will often re- 
 produce the precipitate. The precipitates pro- 
 duced by an excess of acetic acid in solutions of 
 albumen and salts are, in general, insoluble in al- 
 cohol, ether, oils, cold or hot water, cold or hot 
 ammonia-water, or cold caustic potash, but are 
 decomposed by hot caustic potash. They are at- 
 tached by energetic acids, as concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid. Albumen is precipitated by corrosive 
 sublimate, the precipitate being soluble both in an 
 excess of albumen or of the solution of corrosive 
 sublimate ; it is also soluble in a solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium or of the alkaline chlorides, bro- 
 mides, or iodides. Albumen is, however, precipi- 
 tated, partially at least, when in presence of the 
 chlorides, bromides, or iodides of the alkaline 
 earths ; the precipitate is usually soluble, however, 
 in an excess of albumen. If to a mixture of al- 
 bumen and corrosive sublimate, with excess of 
 chloride of sodium, phosphoric acid be added, a 
 precipitate forms which is soluble in an excess of 
 the acid; with acetic acid a precipitate is also 
 formed, but this is not soluble in an excess of the 
 
16 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 acid. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Pliys., (3.) 33. pp 
 179, 180.) Chloride of mercury (corrosive subli- 
 mate) precipitates albumen from its solution in 
 many salts, as phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, or bo- 
 rate of soda, nitrate or sulphate of potash, and 
 the like. These precipitates are often soluble in 
 an excess of the compound of albumen and the 
 salt; they are also soluble in phosphoric acid, in 
 ammonia, and in potash ; an excess of acetic acid, 
 however, always produces a permanent precipitate 
 when added to these solutions. (Melsens, loc. cit., 
 p. 180.) Alcohol, ether, oil of turpentine, and 
 creosote act sensibly in the same manner upon so- 
 lutions of the compounds of albumen with salts 
 as upon those of normal albumen. In general, 
 acids produce precipitates more readily in dilute 
 solutions of the compounds of albumen with salts 
 than in equally dilute solutions of pure albumen. 
 (Melsens, loc. cit., p. 181.) 
 
 Soluble in cold concentrated chlorhydric acid, 
 from which solution it is precipitated by alkalies. 
 When this solution is mixed with a concentrated 
 solution of potash or soda, it forms a firm jelly, 
 which when decomposed by an acid furnishes al- 
 bumen which is more difficultly soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid than it was originally. (Caventou, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. pp. 326, 327.) 
 
 II.) Insoluble Modification. Insoluble in cold wa- 
 ter, but is partially dissolved with alteration when 
 boiled for a long time with water. 
 
 If it is maintained at 150 with a small quantity 
 of water in a sealed tube, it gradually dissolves, 
 and is no longer capable of coagulating. (L. 
 Gmelin.) Insoluble in alcohol or ether. Soluble 
 in warm acetic, tartaric, and (c) phosphoric acids. 
 Soluble in concentrated, but insoluble, even in 
 exceedingly dilute chlorhydric acid alone, but dis- 
 solves therein when in presence of a peculiar sub- 
 stance [" pepsin "] which occurs in the stomachs 
 of living animals. (Bouchardat & Sandras, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5.484.) 
 
 III.) Vegetable Albumen. Soluble in water, and 
 is coagulated by heating. Soluble in acetic acid. 
 Insoluble in boiling alcohol, or ether. (Dumas & 
 Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp.409, 389.) 
 ALBUMEN with X. Vid. Albuminate of X. 
 Also under Albumen (Soluble Modification). 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 144 H 113 Ba N 18 S 2 044 + 2 Aq (?) ter, alcohol, or ether. 
 ALBUMINATE OF BARYTA & OF COPPER. 
 ALBUMINATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water 
 0,44 H 110 Cu 2 N 18 S 2 044 + 2 Aq ? or alcohol. 
 ALBUMINATE OF COPPER & OF LIME. 
 ALBUMINATE OF COPPER & OF MAGNESIA. In- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. Is 
 swollen up, and eventually dissolved by water. 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in a solution of acetate of lead. Decom- 
 posed by all acids, even by carbonic acid. (A. 
 Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 218.) 
 ALBUMINATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 ALBUMINATE OF MERCURY, or rather of CHLO- 
 RIDE OF MERCURY. [See also Art. Albumen 
 (No. I.).] Insoluble in water. 
 
 Before having been dried, water dissolves traces 
 of it. It is dissolved in considerable quantity by 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline chlorides, bro- 
 mides, and iodides ; also by cold phosphoric, sul- 
 phurous, arsenic, acetic, oxalic, tartaric, malic, and 
 racemic acids, but to no appreciable extent by sul- 
 phuric, nitric, chlorhydric, or tanuic acids. It is 
 
 also easily soluble in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash, soda, lime, and ammonia, but with subse- 
 quent decomposition. (Wtttstein's Handw.) 1 
 pt. of the freshly-precipitated compound is soluble 
 in 4.1 pts. of chloride of sodium, in saturated 
 aqueous solution. (Voit, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 104. 365. Soluble in solutions of iodide of po- 
 tassium, either neutral or alkaline, or in presence 
 of dilute acids. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Phus.. (3.) 
 26. 221.) 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF POTASH. 
 
 a.) Soluble in boiling water, and in alcohol. 
 
 b.) C 144 H 110 K 2 N 18 S 2 44 + 2Aq Insoluble in boil- 
 ing water, alcohol, 
 or ether. 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF SILTER. 
 C IM Han Ag N 18 S 2 44 + 2 Aq (?) 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF SODA. 
 
 a.) acid. More soluble in water than pure al- 
 C i44 H m Na N is S 2 44 + 2 Aq bunien. 
 
 b.) normal. Almost insoluble in cold water. 
 C 144 H no Na 2 N 18 S-, 044 + 2 Aq 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 ALBUMINATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in Water, 
 C 144 H no Zn 2 N 18 S 2 044 -|- 2 Aq (?) and alcohol. 
 
 ALBUMININ (of Courbe). Insoluble in water, 
 (Oonm.) alcohol, ether, or acetic acid. Soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid, and in aqueous al- 
 kaline solutions. (Courbe.) 
 
 ALKARSIN. Vid. Oxide of Cacodyl. 
 
 ALCOHOL. Absorbs water from the air. Mis- 
 (Hydmte of Ethyl. Hy- cible in all proportions with 
 draM Oxide of Ethyl. wat heat bei evo l ved . 
 
 \JA -lift Uo = Ci li U f . 
 
 lie U f 
 
 HO 3 
 
 . / I I 
 
 contraction of volume also 
 occurs, and this augments 
 till the mixture contains 116 pts. of water to 
 100 pts. of alcohol. (Rudberg.) Miscible in 
 all proportions with wood-spirit, chloroform, ether, 
 acetic acid, formic acid, most of the essential 
 oils, methylal, sulphide, bisulphide, and sulpho- 
 carbonate of methyl, &c. ; absolute alcohol is also 
 miscible in all proportions with naphtha, and 
 benzin. 
 
 1 vol. of ordinary alcohol dissolves in about 3 
 vols. of nitrotoluene when this has been warmed 
 by the hand. (C..M. Warren.) 
 
 It can be said, in general terms, that alcohol is a 
 good solvent for substances which contain much 
 hydrogen, as resins, ethers, essential oils, including 
 those which are oxygenated, fats, the alkaloids, 
 coloring matters, and many organic acids. It 
 does not dissolve the sulphates or carbonates of 
 the metallic oxides. It also dissolves sugars and 
 soaps. 
 
 " Those gases which are abundantly absorbed by 
 water likewise dissolve in considerable quantity in 
 alcohol ; and those which are sparingly absorbed 
 by water are also taken up in small quantity only 
 by alcohol ; but alcohol generally takes up a 
 greater quantity of a gas, bulk for bulk, than 
 water. Among the elementary substances, alco- 
 hol dissolves only a few, such as phosphorus ^3-5-, 
 sulphur YO^, bromine, iodine, &c., all of the non- 
 metallic class. With respect to inorganic sub- 
 stances, it may be stated as a law, that all com- 
 pounds soluble in alcohol are also soluble in water, 
 but that there are some compounds soluble in wa- 
 ter which are not soluble in alcohol ; moreover, 
 that compounds which are soluble in both liquids, 
 dissolve more abundantly in water than in hyd rated 
 alcohol, and in the latter more than in absolute 
 alcohol. Such is the case with metallic sulphides, 
 
ALCOHOL. 
 
 17 
 
 iodides, bromides, and chlorides, and with certain 
 oxygen salts. There^re, however, certain excep- 
 tions : thus, corrosive sublimate (HgCI) dissolves 
 more abundantly in alcohol, especially in absolute 
 alcohol, than in water, and, according to Kirwan, 
 nitrate of magnesia dissolves more freely in alco- 
 hol of 0.817 sp. gr. than in alcohol of 0.900 sp. gr. 
 Compounds sparingly soluble in water are, for the 
 most part, quite insoluble in alcohol; so likewise 
 are efflorescent compounds. But all deliquescent 
 compounds, excepting carbonate of potash, phos- 
 phate of potash, and a few others, are soluble in 
 alcohol." (Gmeiin's Handbook, 8. 257.) 
 
 " Alcohol dissolves only those metallic oxides 
 which possess either an alkaline or an acid char- 
 acter. Of the metallic sulphides it dissolves only 
 those of potassium and sodium ; of the iodides and 
 bromides it dissolves a somewhat greater, and of 
 the chlorides a still greater number. The car- 
 bonates, borates, phosphites, phosphates, hyposul- 
 phites, sulphites, hyposulphates, sulphates, iodates, 
 and periodates, it dissolves either not at all or in 
 very small quantity. The only sulphates which 
 dissolve readily in alcohol are those of ferric and 
 platinic oxide. On the other hand, alcohol dis- 
 solves many hypophosphites, a still greater num- 
 ber of bromates, chlorates, and perchlorates, and 
 very many nitrates." (Gmelin, ibid., p. 265.) 
 
 " With regard to the comportment of alcohol 
 with organic compounds, the following general ob- 
 servations may be made: 
 
 " Alcohol dissolves all Hydrocarbons, and there- 
 fore the primary Nuclei, and any compounds 
 which those nuclei may form with hydrogen. 
 Among the compounds which likewise contain 
 oxygen, alcohol dissolves especially those in which 
 the number of atoms of all the elements together 
 is comparatively small, and the oxygen is in com- 
 paratively small proportion ; hence it is more in- 
 clined to dissolve aldides (in which class may be 
 included many volatile oils, camphors, and resins), 
 and acids of small atomic weight, than acids of 
 greater atomic weight, or richer in oxygen. Acids 
 which are but slightly soluble or quite insoluble in 
 alcohol likewise yield salts of similar character. 
 Acids containing but little oxygen, and their salts, 
 often dissolve in alcohol more readily than in wa- 
 ter. Compounds in which hydrogen is replaced 
 by iodine, bromine, or chlorine, do not appear to 
 have their solubility in alcohol diminished by the 
 substitution ; even the chlorides of carbon are all 
 soluble in alcohol. All compounds of carbon, 
 hydrogen, and nitrogen, e. g. the non-oxygenated 
 alkaloids, are soluble in alcohol ; but with regard 
 to compounds of this nature containing oxygen, 
 the observations above made concerning the influ- 
 ence of oxygen likewise hold good." (Gmelin, 
 loc. cit., p. 273.) 
 
 " Alcohol of 0.835 sp. gr. = 85%, called Drug- 
 gists' Alcohol, is an excellent solvent for resins, 
 camphor, benzoic acid, tannic acid, the balsams, 
 grape-sugar, the vegetable alkalies, and castor-oil ; 
 also for iodine, carbonate of ammonia, chloride 
 of ammonium, caustic potash or soda, nearly all 
 deliquescent and a few other inorganic salts. It 
 mixes freely in all proportions with water, ether, 
 acetic acid, and most of the essential oils."' 
 
 " Diluted Alcohol," of 0.935 sp. gr., " consists 
 of equal vols. of druggists' alcohol and water. It 
 dissolves gums, vegetable albumen, and many col- 
 oring matters ; also, to a certain extent, resinous 
 matters, essential oils, and vegetable alkalies ; also 
 sugar and tannic acid." (Parrish's Pharmacy, pp. 
 130, 131.) 
 
 Dilute alcohol (a mixture of equal vols. alcohol 
 3 
 
 of 0.835 sp. gr. and of water) is a better solvent of 
 resinous matters, and the extractive principles of 
 plants, than the same quantity of these two liquids 
 employed separately. (J. Personne, Amer. J. 
 Pharm., 18. pp. 21, 103 ; cited by Parrish, Pharm., 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution con- 
 taining per 
 cent, by vol., 
 of alcohol of 
 0.7947 sp.gr. 
 at 15( the sp. 
 gr. of water 
 at 15 = 1). 
 100 .. 
 
 95 
 
 90 
 
 85 
 
 80 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 65 .. 
 
 Is of 
 sp. gr. 
 at 15. 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 
 solution con- 
 
 
 taining per 
 
 
 cent, by vol.. 
 
 Is of * 
 
 of alcohol of 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 0.7947 sp.gr. 
 
 at 15. 
 
 at!5(thesp. 
 
 
 gr. of water 
 
 
 at 15 = 1). 
 
 
 60 ... 
 
 .0.9141 
 
 55 
 
 09248 
 
 50 
 
 0.9348 
 
 45 
 
 0.9440 
 
 40 
 
 0.9523 
 
 35 
 
 0.9595 
 
 30 
 
 0.9656 
 
 ... 
 
 . 1.0000 
 
 us's Lehrb.) 
 
 For the 
 
 Gay-Lussac 
 
 has con- 
 
 0.7947 
 
 0.8168 
 
 0.8346 
 
 0.8502 
 
 0.8645 
 
 0.8779 
 
 0.8907 
 
 2.9027 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, in Berze 
 elaborate tables which 
 
 structed from these data we must refer the read- 
 er to his treatise entitled Instruction pour I'usage 
 de I'Alcoometre centesimal et des Tables qui Pac- 
 compagnent. Paris, 1 824 ; in Handworterbuch 
 der Chemie, 1. 235 et seq. See also lire's Diet. 
 of Arts. These tables which refer to the cen- 
 tesimal alcohometer of their author [compare 
 Maroseau's table below] indicate the percentage 
 by volume of alcohol, reduced to 15, for every 
 degree of temperature from to 30 C. A toler- 
 ably close approximation to the figures of Gay- 
 Lussac's table may be obtained by the formula of 
 Francoeur ( Handworterbuch, 1. 253 ) ; in which c 
 being the number of per cents by volume indicated 
 by the alcohometer in any spirit at the tempera- 
 ture t ; x, the true percentage by volume of abso- 
 lute alcohol at 15, which is contained in the spirit 
 in question, is found by the equation 
 
 x = c :f 0.4 t. 
 
 The temperature t is taken as positive above and 
 as negative below 15. Tables indicating the 
 amount of water required in order to reduce strong 
 alcohol to any required degree have also been 
 given by Gay-Lussac. (Handworterbuch der Chem. t 
 1. 257, et seq.) 
 
 A MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND WATER 
 
 Containing per cent, 
 
 sp. gr. at 15.56 (the 
 sp.gr.ofwaterat4.35 
 being equal to 1.000). 
 
 t 
 the 
 
 . grs. 
 
 
 
 . . . 0.9991 . . , 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 0.9976 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 0.9961 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 0.9947 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 0.9933 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 0.9919 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 0.9906 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 0.9893 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 0.9881 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 0.9869 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 0.9857 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 0.9845 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.9834 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 0.9823 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 0.9812 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 0.9802 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 0.9791 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 0.9781 
 
 10 
 
 18 
 
 0.9771 
 
 10 
 
 19 
 
 . . . 0.9761 . . , 
 
 , . . 10 
 
18 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 Containing per cent, 
 by volume, of abso- 
 lute alcohol of 0.7939 
 sp. gr. at 15.56 (the 
 ep.gr. of water at4.35 
 being equal to 1.000). 
 
 Is of 8p. gr. 
 at 15.56 
 (=60r.) 
 
 Differencebe- 
 tween the 
 
 sp. grs. 
 
 Containing per cent 
 by volume of abso- Difference be- 
 hito alcohol of 0,939 at 1 5 P 56 B tweenthe 
 sp. gr. at 15.56 (the c- 60 F 1 BD ers 
 sp.gr.of water at4.3o ( ~ 
 being equal to 1.000). 
 
 
 
 
 90 0.8332 33 
 
 20 
 
 . 0.9751 . 
 
 . . . . 10 
 
 91 0.8299 33 
 
 21 
 
 0.9741 
 
 10 
 
 92 0.8265 34 
 
 22 
 
 0.9731 
 
 10 
 
 93 0.8230 35 
 
 23 
 
 0.9720 
 
 11 
 
 94 0.8194 36 
 
 24 
 
 0.9710 
 
 10 
 
 95 0.8157 37 
 
 25 
 
 0.9700 
 
 10 
 
 96 0.8118 39 
 
 26 
 
 09689 
 
 11 
 
 97 0.8077 41 
 
 27 
 
 0.9679 
 
 10 
 
 98 0.8034 43 
 
 28 
 29 
 
 0.9668 
 0.9657 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 99 0.7988 46 
 100 0-7939 49 
 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 
 9646 
 09634 
 0.9622 
 0.9609 
 0.9596 
 0.9583 
 0.9570 
 0.9556 
 0.9541 
 0.9526 
 
 11 
 12 
 12 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 14 - 
 15 
 15 
 
 (Tralles, Gilbert's Annalen der Phys., 1811, 38. 
 368.) Tralles (Ibid., pp. 374, 378, 386, et seq.) 
 also gives tables of corrections for temperature 
 (for every 5 between 30 and 100) and for the 
 expansion of the instrument employed in deter- 
 mining the sp. gr. 
 A very complete abstract of Tralles's Memoir, 
 with all his tables, may be found in McCulloh's 
 Report on Sugar and Hydrometers, Washington, 
 
 40 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 
 0.9510 
 0.9494 
 0.9478 
 0.9461 
 0.9444 
 0.9427 
 0.9409 
 0.9391 
 
 16 
 16 
 16 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 18 
 18 
 
 1848, pp. 454-472 
 To obtain the percentage by weight of alcohol 
 from the data above given, the found per cent 
 by volume is to be multiplied by the sp. gr. of ab- 
 solute alcohol (0.7939), and the product divided 
 by the sp. gr. of the liquid under examination. 
 (Tralles, loc. cit., p. 372.) See also McCulloh's 
 table below, comparing the two. 
 
 48 
 49 
 
 0.9373 
 0.9354 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains per cent by 
 of sp.gr. (at 20) . weight of alcohol. 
 
 50 
 
 0.9335 
 
 19 
 
 0.8600 74.71 
 
 51 
 
 0.9315 
 
 20 
 
 0.9010 56.60 
 
 52 
 
 0.9295 
 
 20 
 
 0.9340 41.00 
 
 53 
 
 0.9275 
 
 20 
 
 9525 32.14 
 
 54 
 55 
 
 0.9254 
 0.9234 
 
 21 
 20 
 
 (Richter, Ueber die neueren Gegenstande der Chemie, 
 St. 8. p. 74 : cited in Handworterbuch der Chem., I. 
 
 56 
 
 0.9213 
 
 21 
 
 .' f * 
 
 214 ) 
 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 
 0.9192 
 0.9170 
 0.9148 
 0.9126 
 
 22 
 22 
 22 
 22 
 
 *it./ 
 Per cent (by weight") of Sp. gr. 
 Alcohol (of at 2Q at 15 . 56 o 
 ' 7 ? 1 o^ gr ' (=68F.) (=60F.) 
 
 at -J ' ) 
 
 61 
 
 0.9104 
 
 22 
 
 100 .... .... 0.791 .... 0796 
 
 62 
 
 0.9082 
 
 22 
 
 99 1 0.794 0.798 
 
 63 
 
 0.9059 
 
 23 
 
 98 2 0.797 0.801 
 
 64 
 
 0.9036 
 
 23 
 
 97 3 0.800 0.804 
 
 65 
 
 0.9013 
 
 23 
 
 96 4 0.803 0.807 
 
 66 
 
 0.8989 
 
 24 
 
 95 5 0.805 0.809 
 
 67 
 
 0.8965 
 
 24 
 
 94 6 0.808 0.812 
 
 68 
 
 0.8941 
 
 24 
 
 93 7 0811 0.815 
 
 69 
 
 0.8917 
 
 24 
 
 92 8 0.813 0.817 
 
 70 
 
 0.8892 
 
 25 
 
 91 9 0.816 0.820 
 
 71 
 
 0.8867 
 
 25 
 
 90 10 0.818 0.822 
 
 72 
 
 0.8842 
 
 25 
 
 89 11 0.821 0.825 
 
 73 
 
 0.8817 
 
 25 
 
 88 12 0.823 0.827 
 
 74 
 
 0.8791 
 
 26 
 
 87 13 0.826 0.830 
 
 75 
 
 0.8765 
 
 26 
 
 86 14 0.828 0.832 
 
 76 
 
 0.8739 
 
 26 
 
 85 15 0.831 0.835 
 
 77 
 
 0.8712 
 
 27 
 
 84 16 0834 0.838 
 
 78 
 
 0.8685 
 
 27 
 
 83 17 0.836 0.840 
 
 79 
 
 0.8658 
 
 27 
 
 82 18 0.839 0.843 
 
 . 80 
 
 0.8631 
 
 27 
 
 81 19 0.842 0.846 
 
 81 
 
 0.8603 
 
 28 
 
 . 80 20 0.844 0.848 
 
 82 
 
 0.8575 
 
 28 
 
 79 21 0.847 0.851 
 
 83 
 
 0.8547 
 
 28 
 
 78 22 0.849 0.853 
 
 84 
 
 0.8518 
 
 29 
 
 77 23 0.851 0855 
 
 85 
 
 0.8488 
 
 30 
 
 76 24 0.853 0.857 
 
 86 
 
 0.8458 
 
 30 
 
 75 25 0.856 0.860 
 
 87 
 
 0.8428 
 
 30 
 
 74 26 0-859 0.863 
 
 88 
 
 0.8397 
 
 31 
 
 73 27 0.861 0.865 
 
 89 . 
 
 . . 0.8365 . 
 
 .... 32 
 
 72 28 .... 0.863 .... 0.867 
 
ALCOHOL. 
 
 19 
 
 Per cent (by weight) of 
 
 Sp 
 
 gr. 
 
 (Lowitz, Crdl's Chemische Annalen, Band I. of 
 
 Alcohol (of 
 0.791 sp.gr. 
 at 20). 
 
 Water. 
 
 at 20 
 (=68 P.) 
 
 at 15.56 
 (=60F.) 
 
 the year 1796, p. 202 ; the 4th column of the table, 
 in which the sp. grs. are reduced for the tempera- 
 
 71 ... 
 
 . . 29 . . . 
 
 . 0.866 . . 
 
 . . 0870 
 
 ture of 15.56, is from Mohr, Redwood, and Proc- 
 
 70 
 
 30 
 
 0.868 
 
 0.872 
 
 ter's Pharmacy, p. 567.) 
 
 69 
 
 31 
 
 0.870 
 
 0.874 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 
 68 
 
 32 
 
 0.872 
 
 0.875 
 
 lution contain- 
 
 67 
 
 33 
 
 0.875 
 
 0.879 
 
 ing per cent by Is of sp. gr. 
 weight of alco- j. AO A 4 IQO A QRO A ^40 
 
 66 
 
 34 
 
 0.877 
 
 0.881 
 
 holof0.8119sp. 
 
 65 
 
 35 
 
 0.880 
 
 0.883 
 
 gr. atO(thesp. 
 
 64 
 
 36 
 
 0.882 
 
 0.886 
 
 gr. of water at 
 
 63 
 
 37 
 
 0.885 
 
 0.889 
 
 1.00000 0.99855 0.99351 0.98721 
 
 62 
 
 38 
 
 0.887 
 
 0.891 
 
 5 0.99130 0.98983 0.98520 0.97736 
 
 61 
 
 39 
 
 0.889 
 
 0.893 
 
 10 0.98504 0.98261 0.97684 0.96805 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 0.892 
 
 0.896 
 
 15 0.98007 0.97587 0.96853 0.96050 
 
 59 
 
 41 
 
 0.894 
 
 0.898 
 
 20 0.97596 0.96974 0.96084 0.95054 
 
 58 
 
 42 
 
 0.896 
 
 0.900 
 
 25 0.97145 0.96312 0.95254 0.94097 
 
 57 
 
 43 
 
 0.899 
 
 0.902 
 
 30 0.96579 0.95588 0.94395 0.93166 
 
 56 
 
 44 
 
 0.901 
 
 0.904 
 
 35 0.95886 0.94682 0.93453 0.92133 
 
 55 
 
 45 
 
 0.903 
 
 0.906 
 
 40 0.95066 0.93781 0.92402 091058 
 
 54 
 
 46 
 
 0.905 
 
 0.908 
 
 45 0.93994 0.92733 0.91303 0.89963 
 
 53 
 
 47 
 
 0.907 
 
 0.910 
 
 50 0.93047 0.91682 0.90259 0.88801 
 
 52 
 
 48 
 
 0.909 
 
 0.912 
 
 55 0.92039 0.90605 0.89044 0.87594 
 
 51 
 
 49 
 
 0.912 
 
 0.915 
 
 60 0.90909 0.89474 0.87962 0.86382 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 0.914 
 
 0.917 
 
 65 0.89791 0.88338 0.86763 0.85194 
 
 49 
 
 51 
 
 0.917 
 
 0.920 
 
 70 0.88649 0.87180 0.85582 0.84047 
 
 48 
 
 52 
 
 0.919 
 
 0.922 
 
 75 0.87496 0.85974 0.84386 0.82884 
 
 47 
 
 53 
 
 0.921 
 
 0.924 
 
 80 0.86325 0.84834 0.83191 0.81693 
 
 46 
 
 54 
 
 0.923 
 
 0.926 
 
 85 0.85111 0.83561 0.81975 0.80414 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 0.925 
 
 0.928 
 
 90 0.83840 0.82310 0.80722 0.79099 
 
 44 
 
 56 
 
 0.927 
 
 0.930 
 
 95 0.82522 0.80974 0.79385 0.77790 
 
 43 
 
 57 
 
 0.930 
 
 0933 
 
 100 0.81190 0.79539 0.78013 0.76436 
 
 42 
 41 
 40 
 39 
 38 
 37 
 36 
 35 
 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 
 0.932 
 0.934 
 0.936 
 0.938 
 0940 
 0.942 
 0.944 
 0.946 
 
 0.935 
 0.937 
 0.939 
 0.941 
 0.943 
 0945 
 0.947 
 0.949 
 
 (Delezenne, from Recueil des Travaux de la Soc. d. 
 Sci. Agric. et Arts, de Lille, 1823-24, p. 1, in 
 Ferrusac's Bulletin, 1827, 8. 132.) In his original 
 memoir Delezenne is said to have given tables, by 
 interpolation, for every per cent, both by weight 
 and by volume, for each of the degrees of tem- 
 perature indicated above. 
 
 34 
 
 66 
 
 0.948 
 
 0.951 
 
 A solution of C ^ t nS 4 er A solution of Co ^^ T 
 
 33 
 
 67 
 
 0.950 
 
 0.953 
 
 sp. gr. at 15 weight of al- sp.gr. at 15 W ig-Aofal- 
 
 32 
 
 68 
 
 0.952 
 
 0.955 
 
 (sp.gr. of wa- cono i ( O f ^ fiV iT cohol (of 
 
 31 
 
 69 
 
 0.954 
 
 0.957 
 
 *' 0.7951 sp.gr.) ' ' 0.7951 sp.gr.) 
 
 30 
 
 70 
 
 0.956 
 
 0.958 
 
 1.00000 .... 0.0 0.99453 .... 3.1 
 
 29 
 
 71 
 
 0.957 
 
 0.960 
 
 0.99982 0.1 0.99436 .2 
 
 28 
 
 72 
 
 0.959 
 
 0.962 
 
 0.99964 0.2 0.99419 .3 
 
 27 
 
 73 
 
 0.961 
 
 0.963 
 
 0.99946 0.3 0.99402 .4 
 
 26 
 
 74 
 
 0.963 
 
 0.965 
 
 99928 0.4 0.99385 .5 
 
 25 
 
 75 
 
 0.965 
 
 0.967 
 
 0.99910 0.5 0.99368 .6 
 
 24 
 
 76 
 
 0.966 
 
 0.968 
 
 0.99892 0.6 0.99351 .7 
 
 23 
 
 77 
 
 0.968 
 
 0.970 
 
 0.99874 0.7 0.99334 .8 
 
 22 
 
 78 
 
 0.970 
 
 0.972 
 
 0.99856 0.8 0.99317 .9 
 
 21 
 
 79 
 
 0.971 
 
 0.973 
 
 0.99838 0.9 0.99300 4.0 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 0.973 
 
 0.974 
 
 0.99820 1.0 0.99283 .1 
 
 19 
 
 81 
 
 0.974 
 
 0.975 
 
 0.99802 .1 0.99266 .2 
 
 18 
 
 82 
 
 0.976 
 
 0.977 
 
 0.99784 .2 0.99249 .3 
 
 17 
 
 83 
 
 0.977 
 
 0.978 
 
 0.99766 .3 0.99232 .4 
 
 16 
 
 84 
 
 0.978 
 
 0.979 
 
 0.99748 .4 0.99215 .5 
 
 15 
 
 85 
 
 0.980 
 
 0.981 
 
 0.99730 .5 0.99198 .6 
 
 14 
 
 86 
 
 0.981 
 
 0.982 
 
 0.99712 .6 0.99181 .7 
 
 13 
 
 87 
 
 0.983 
 
 0.984 
 
 0.99694 .7 0.99164 
 
 12 
 
 88 
 
 0.985 
 
 0.986 
 
 0.99676 .8 0.99147 .9 
 
 11 
 
 89 
 
 0.986 
 
 0.987 
 
 0.99658 .9 099130 5.0 
 
 10 
 
 90 
 
 0.987 
 
 0.988 
 
 0.99640 2.0 0.99115 .1 
 
 9 
 
 91 
 
 0.988 
 
 0.989 
 
 0.99623 .1 0.99100 .2 
 
 8 
 
 92 
 
 0.989 
 
 0.990 
 
 0.99606 .2 0.99085 .3 
 
 7 
 
 93 
 
 0.991 
 
 0.991 
 
 0.99589 .3 099070 .4 
 
 6 
 
 94 
 
 0.992 . . 
 
 . . 0.992 
 
 0.99572 .4 0.99055 .5 
 
 5 
 
 95 
 
 0.994 
 
 
 0.99555 .5 0.99040 .6 
 
 4 
 
 96 
 
 0.995 
 
 
 0.99538 .5 0.99025 .7 
 
 3 
 
 97 
 
 0.997 
 
 
 0.99521 .7 099010 .8 
 
 2 
 
 98 
 
 0.998 
 
 
 0.99504 -8 0.98995 .9 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 0.999 
 
 
 0.99487 .9 0.98980 6.0 
 
 ... 
 
 . 100 ... 
 
 . 1.000 
 
 
 0.99470 .... 3.0 0.98965 1 
 
20 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 A solution of 
 ep. gr. at 15 
 (sp. gr. of wa- 
 ter at 15=1). 
 
 0.98950 . 
 
 Contains per 
 cent by 
 weight of al- 
 cohol (of 
 0.7951 sp.gr.) 
 ... 6.2 
 
 A solution of 
 sp. gr. at 15 
 (sp.gr. of wa- 
 ter at 15=1). 
 
 0.98512 . 
 
 Contains per 
 cent by 
 weight of al- 
 cohol (of 
 0.7951 sp gr.) 
 . . . 9.2 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution of 
 sp. gr. at 
 15.56 (sp.gr. 
 of water at 
 15.56 C =1). 
 
 Contains per 
 cent by weight 
 of alcohol (of 
 0.7938 sp. gr. 
 at 15.56). 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution of 
 sp. gr. at 
 15.56 (sp.gr. 
 of water at 
 15.56=!). 
 
 Contains per 
 ceutbywfight 
 of alcohol (of 
 0.7938 sp. gr. 
 at 15.56). 
 
 
 
 
 q 
 
 0.8769 
 
 68 
 
 0.8357 
 
 85 
 
 0.98920 
 
 .4 
 
 0.98484 
 
 ,o 
 
 .4 
 
 0.8745 
 
 69 
 
 0.8331 
 
 86 
 
 0.98905 
 
 .5 
 
 0.98470 
 
 .5 
 
 0.8721 
 
 70 
 
 0.8305 
 
 87 
 
 0.98890 
 
 .6 
 
 0.98456 
 
 .6 
 
 0.8696 
 
 71 
 
 0.8279 
 
 88 
 
 098875 
 
 .7 
 
 0.98442 
 
 .7 
 
 0.8672 
 
 72 
 
 0.8254 
 
 89 
 
 0.98860 
 
 .8 
 
 0.98428 
 
 .8 
 
 0.8649 
 
 73 
 
 0.8228 
 
 90 
 
 0.98845 
 
 .9 
 
 0.98414 
 
 .9 
 
 0.8625 
 
 74 
 
 0.8199 
 
 91 
 
 0.98830 
 
 7.0 
 
 0.98400 
 
 10.0 
 
 0.8603 
 
 75 
 
 0.8172 
 
 92 
 
 0.98815 
 
 .1 
 
 0.98387 
 
 .1 
 
 0.8581 
 
 76 
 
 0.8145 
 
 93 
 
 0.98800 
 
 .2 
 
 0.98374 
 
 .2 
 
 0.8557 
 
 77 
 
 0.8118 
 
 94 
 
 0.98785 
 
 .3 
 
 0.98361 
 
 .3 
 
 0.8533 
 
 78 
 
 0.8089 
 
 95 
 
 0.98770 
 
 .4 
 
 0.98348 
 
 .4 
 
 0.8508 
 
 79 
 
 0.8061 
 
 96 
 
 0.98755 
 
 .5 
 
 0.98335 
 
 .5 
 
 0.8483 
 
 80 
 
 0.8031 
 
 97 
 
 0.98740 
 
 .6 
 
 0.98322 
 
 .6 
 
 0.8459 
 
 81 
 
 0.8001 
 
 98 
 
 0.98725 
 
 .7 
 
 0.98309 
 
 .7 
 
 0.8434 
 
 82 
 
 0.7969 
 
 99 
 
 0.98710 
 
 .8 
 
 0.98296 
 
 .8 
 
 0.8408 
 
 83 
 
 0.7938 . . 
 
 . . 100 
 
 f\ QQAQSL 
 
 
 _ OQOQQ 
 
 q 
 
 0.8382 . . 
 
 84. 
 
 
 
 0.98680 
 
 8.0 
 
 0.98270 
 
 . .7 
 
 11.0 
 
 (Fownes, Phil. Trans., 1847, pp. 250, 251, and fig.) 
 
 0.98666 
 
 .1 
 
 0.98257 
 
 .1 - 
 
 An aqueous so 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 
 Contains 
 
 0.98652 
 0.98638 
 
 .2 
 .3 
 
 0.98244 
 0.98231 
 
 .2 
 .3 
 
 SS&SS-S 
 
 ; JS 
 
 lution of sp. gr. 
 at 15.56(sp.gr. 
 
 per cent 
 by weight 
 
 0.98624 
 0.98610 
 
 .4 
 .5 
 
 0.98218 
 0.98205 
 
 .4 
 .5 
 
 15.56=!). 
 
 sp. gr.) 
 
 of water at 
 15.56= 1). 
 
 (of 0.7938 
 sp. gr.) 
 
 0.98596 
 
 .6 
 
 0.98192 
 
 .6 
 
 0.9999 . 
 
 . . 0.05 
 
 0.9952 . . 
 
 . 2.62 
 
 0.98582 
 
 .7 
 
 0.98179 
 
 .7 
 
 0.9998 
 
 0.11 
 
 0.9951 
 
 2.68 
 
 0.98568 
 
 .8 
 
 0.98166 
 
 .8 
 
 0.9997 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.9950 
 
 2.74 
 
 098554 
 
 .9 
 
 0.98153 
 
 .9 
 
 0.9996 
 
 0.21 
 
 0.9949 
 
 2.79 
 
 0.98540 
 
 9.0 
 
 0.98140 . 
 
 . . 12.0 
 
 0.9995 
 
 0.26 
 
 0.9948 
 
 2.85 
 
 0.98526 . 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 
 0.9994 
 
 0.32 
 
 0.9947 
 
 2.91 
 
 (Pohl, Denkschriften der 
 
 Wiener Akad., math-nat. 
 
 0.9993 
 
 0.37 
 
 0.9946 
 
 2.97 
 
 classe, 1851, 
 
 2. pp. 27, 61 
 
 of the memoir.) 
 
 0.9992 
 
 0.42 
 
 0.9945 
 
 3.02 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution of 
 sp. gr. at 
 15.56(sp.gr. ' 
 of water at 
 15.56=!). 
 
 Contains per 
 cent by weight 
 of alcohol (of 
 0.7938 sp. gr. 
 at 15.56). 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution of 
 sp. gr. at 
 15.56(sp.gr. 
 of water at 
 15.56=!). 
 
 Contains per 
 cent by weight 
 of alcohol (of 
 0.7938 sp. gr. 
 at 15.56). 
 
 0.9991 
 0.9990 
 0.9989 
 0.9988 
 0.9987 
 
 0.47 
 0.53 
 0.58 
 0.64 
 0.69 
 
 0.9944 
 0.9943 
 0.9942 
 0.9941 
 0.9940 
 
 3.08 
 3.14 
 3.20 
 3.26 
 3.32 
 
 0.9991 
 
 .... 0.5 
 
 9511 
 
 34 
 
 0.9986 
 
 0.74 
 
 0.9939 
 
 3.37 
 
 0.9981 
 
 1 
 
 0.9490 
 
 35 
 
 0.9985 
 
 0.80 
 
 0.9938 
 
 3.43 
 
 0.9965 
 
 2 
 
 0.9470 
 
 36 
 
 0.9984 
 
 0.85 
 
 0.9937 
 
 3.49 
 
 0.9947 
 
 3 
 
 0.9452 
 
 37 
 
 0.9983 
 
 0.91 
 
 0.9936 
 
 3.55 
 
 0.9930 
 
 4 
 
 0.9434 
 
 38 
 
 0.9982 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.9935 
 
 3.61 
 
 0.9914 
 
 5 
 
 0.9416 
 
 39 
 
 0.9981 
 
 1.02 
 
 0.9934 
 
 3.67 
 
 0.9898 
 
 6 
 
 0.9396 
 
 40 
 
 0.9980 
 
 1.07 
 
 0.9933 
 
 3.73 
 
 0.9884 
 
 7 
 
 0.9376 
 
 41 
 
 0.9979 
 
 1.12 
 
 0.9932 
 
 3.78 
 
 0.9869 
 
 8 
 
 0.9356 
 
 42 
 
 0.9978 
 
 1.18 
 
 0.9931 
 
 3.84 
 
 0.9855 
 
 9 
 
 0.9335 
 
 43 
 
 0.9977 
 
 1.23 
 
 0.9930 
 
 3.90 
 
 0.9841 
 
 10 
 
 0.9314 
 
 44 
 
 0.9976 
 
 1.29 
 
 0.9929 
 
 3.96 
 
 0.9828 
 
 11 
 
 0.9292 
 
 45 
 
 0.9975 
 
 1.34 
 
 0.9928 
 
 4.02 
 
 0.9815 
 
 12 
 
 0.9270 
 
 46 
 
 0.9974 
 
 1.40 
 
 0.9927 
 
 4.08 
 
 0.9802 
 
 13 
 
 0.9249 
 
 47 
 
 0.9973 
 
 1.45 
 
 0.9926 
 
 4.14 
 
 0.9789 
 
 14 
 
 0.9228 
 
 48 
 
 0.9972 
 
 1.51 
 
 0.9925 
 
 4.20 
 
 0.9778 
 
 15 
 
 0.9206 
 
 49 
 
 0.9971 
 
 1.56 
 
 0.9924 
 
 4.27 
 
 0.9766 
 
 16 
 
 0.9184 
 
 50 
 
 0.9970 
 
 1.61 
 
 0.9923 
 
 4.33 
 
 0.9753 
 
 17 
 
 0.9160 
 
 51 
 
 0.9969 
 
 1.67 
 
 0.9922 
 
 4.39 
 
 0.9741 
 
 18 
 
 0.9135 
 
 52 
 
 0.9968 
 
 1.73 
 
 0.9921 
 
 4.45 
 
 0.9728 
 
 19 
 
 0.9113 
 
 53 
 
 0.9967 
 
 1.78 
 
 0.9920 
 
 4.51 
 
 0.9716 
 
 20 
 
 0.9090 
 
 54 
 
 0.9966 
 
 1.83 
 
 0.9919 
 
 4.57 
 
 0.9704 
 
 21 
 
 0.9069 
 
 55 
 
 0.9965 
 
 1.89 
 
 0.9918 
 
 4.64 
 
 0.9691 
 
 22 
 
 0.9047 
 
 56 
 
 0.9964 
 
 1.94 
 
 0.9917 
 
 4.70 
 
 0.9678 
 
 23 
 
 09025 
 
 57 
 
 0.9963 
 
 1.99 
 
 0.9916 
 
 4.76 
 
 0.9665 
 
 24 
 
 09001 
 
 58 
 
 0.9962 
 
 2.05 
 
 0.9915 
 
 4.82 
 
 0.9652 
 
 25 
 
 0.8979 
 
 59 
 
 0.9961 
 
 2.11 
 
 0.9914 
 
 4.88 
 
 0.9638 
 
 26 
 
 0.8956 
 
 60 
 
 0.9960 
 
 2.17 
 
 0.9913 
 
 4.94 
 
 0.9623 
 
 27 
 
 0.8932 
 
 61 
 
 0.9959 
 
 2.22 
 
 0.9912 
 
 5.01 
 
 0.9609 
 
 28 
 
 0.8908 
 
 62 
 
 0.9958 
 
 2.28 
 
 0.9911 
 
 5.07 
 
 0.9593 
 
 29 
 
 0.8886 
 
 63 
 
 0.9957 
 
 2.34 
 
 0.9910 
 
 5.13 
 
 0.9578 
 
 30 
 
 0.8863 
 
 64 
 
 0.9956 
 
 2.39 
 
 0.9909 
 
 5.20 
 
 0.9560 
 
 31 
 
 0.8840 
 
 65 
 
 0.9955 
 
 2.45 
 
 0.9908 
 
 5.26 
 
 0.9544 
 
 32 
 
 0.8816 
 
 66 
 
 0.9954 
 
 2.51 
 
 0.9907 
 
 5.32 
 
 0.9528 . 
 
 ... 33 
 
 0.8793 
 
 , 67 
 
 0.9953 . 
 
 . 2.57 
 
 0.9906 . 
 
 . 5.39 
 
ALCOHOL. 
 
 21 
 
 Contains 
 
 11 W 
 
 = 
 
 (ofO.7938 
 sp- gr.) 
 
 0.9905 . . . 5.45 
 
 0.9904 5.51 
 
 0.9903 5.58 
 
 0.9902 5.64 
 
 0.9901 5.70 
 
 0.9900 5.77 
 
 0.9899 5.83 
 
 0.9898 5.89 
 
 0.9897 5.96 
 
 0.9896 6.02 
 
 0.9895 6.09 
 
 0.9894 6.15 
 
 0.9893 6.22 
 
 0.9892 6.29 
 
 0.9891 6.35 
 
 0.9890 6.42 
 
 0.9889 6.49 
 
 0.9888 6.55 
 
 0.9887 6.62 
 
 0.9886 6.69 
 
 0.9885 6.75 
 
 0.9884 6.82 
 
 0.9883 6.89 
 
 0.9882 6.95 
 
 0.9881 7.02 
 
 0.9880 7.09 
 
 0.9879 7.16 
 
 0.9878 7.23 
 
 0.9877 7.30 
 
 0.9876 7.37 
 
 0.9875 7.43 
 
 0.9874 7.50 
 
 0.9873 7.57 
 
 0.9872 . . . 7.64 0.9838 . . . 10.07 
 
 (Drinkwater, Phil. Mag., 1848, (3.) 32. 129.) 
 Drinkwater states that the above table was pre- 
 pared in order to have one more correct than that 
 of Lowitz, which, according to D., is incorrect in 
 several particulars. 
 
 0.9871 
 0.9870 
 0.9869 
 0.9868 
 0.9867 
 0.9866 
 0.9865 
 0.9864 
 0.9863 
 0.9862 
 0.9861 
 0.9860 
 0.9859 
 0.9858 
 0.9857 
 0.9856 
 0.9855 
 0.9854 
 0.9853 
 0.9852 
 0.9851 
 0.9850 
 0.9849 
 0.9848 
 0.9847 
 0.9846 
 0.9845 
 0.9844 
 0.9843 
 0.9842 
 0.9841 
 0.9840 
 0.9839 
 
 (ofO.7938 
 sp. gr.) 
 
 7.71 
 
 7.78 
 7.85 
 7.92 
 7.99 
 8.06 
 8.13 
 8.20 
 8.27 
 8.34 
 8.41 
 8.48 
 8.55 
 8.62 
 8.70 
 8.77 
 8.84 
 8.91 
 8.98 
 9.05 
 9.12 
 9.20 
 9.27 
 9.34 
 9.41 
 9.49 
 9.56 
 9.63 
 9.70 
 9.78 
 9.85 
 9.92 
 9.99 
 
 4 50 _ j\ 
 
 0.98981 . 
 
 0.98257 
 
 0.97599 
 
 0.96971 
 
 0.96316 
 
 0.95563 
 
 0.94700 
 
 0.93743 
 
 0.92719 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 15 
 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 
 42= 1). ^V-K 1 - at 
 0.90539 .... 55 
 0.89394 60 
 
 0.88233 65 
 
 0.87067 70 
 
 0.85895 75 
 
 0.84661 80 
 
 0.83405 85 
 
 0.82152 90 
 
 0.79335 ... 100 
 
 0.91711 ... 50 
 ( McCulloh, in his Report in Relation to Sugar and 
 Hydrometers, U. S. Senate, 30th Congress, 1st Ses- 
 sion, Ex. Doc. No. 50, Washington, 1848, p. 514.) 
 
 Degrees of Gay-Lussac's Alcoholometer = Sp. gr. 
 
 Per cent of alco- 
 hol by volume in- 
 dicated by Gay- Sp. gr. 
 Iiussac's Alcohol- 
 ometer (at 15). 
 
 ..... 1.000 
 
 1 0.999 
 
 2 0.997 
 
 3 0.996 
 
 4 0.994 
 
 5 0.993 
 
 6 ..... 0.992 
 
 Per cent of alco- 
 hoi by volume in- 
 dicated by Gay- 
 Lussac's Alcohol- 
 ometer (at 15). 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 
 0.990 
 0.989 
 0.988 
 0.987 
 0.986 
 0.984 
 
 Per cent of alco- Per cent of alco- 
 
 hol by volume in- hoi by volume in- 
 
 dicated by Gay- Sp. gr. dicated by Gay- Sp. gr. 
 Lussac'sAlcohol- Lussac'sAlcohol- 
 ometer (at 15). ometer (at 15). 
 
 14 0.982 58 0.920 
 
 15 0.981 59 0.918 
 
 16 0.980 6.0 0.915 
 
 17 0.979 61 0.913 
 
 18 0.978 62 0.911 
 
 19 0.977 63 0.909 
 
 20 " 0.976 64 0.906 
 
 21 0.975 65 0.904 
 
 22 0.974 66 0.902 
 
 23 0.973 67 0.899 
 
 24 0.972 68 0.896 
 
 25 0.971 69 0.893 
 
 26 0.970 70 0.891 
 
 27 0.969 71 0.888 
 
 28 0.968 72 0.886 
 
 29 0.967 73 0.884 
 
 30 0.966 74 0.881 
 
 31 0.965 75 0.879 
 
 32 0.964 76 0.876 
 
 33 0.963 77 0.874 
 
 34 0.962 78 0.871 
 
 35 0.960 79 0.868 
 
 36 0.959 80 0.865 
 
 37 0.957 81 0.863 
 
 38 0.956 82 0.860 
 
 39 0.954 83 0.857 
 
 40 0.953 84 0.854 
 
 41 0.951 85 0.851 
 
 42 0.949 86 0.848 
 
 43 0.948 87 0.845 
 
 44 0.946 88 0.842 
 
 45 0.945 89 0.838 
 
 46 0.943 90 0.835 
 
 47 0.941 91 0.832 
 
 48 0.940 92 0.829 
 
 49 0.938 93 0.826 
 
 50 0.936 94 0.822 
 
 51 0.934 95 0.818 
 
 52 0.932 96 0.814 
 
 53 0.930 97 0.810 
 
 54 0.928 98 0.805 
 
 55 0.926 99 0.800 
 
 56 0.924 100 0.795 
 
 57 . . .'. .0.922 
 
 (Maroseau, Ann. de Pharm., 1830, 16. 490.) 
 
 Comparison of per cents by weight with those by vol- 
 ume, at 15.56.* 
 
 Per cent by Per cent by Per cent by Per cent by 
 
 volume. weight. weight. volume. 
 
 1 ... 0.796 1 ... 1.256 
 
 2 1.594 2 2.509 
 5 4.002 5 6.247 
 
 10 8.054 10 12.416 
 
 15 12.149 15 18.520 
 
 20 16.283 20 24.565 
 
 25 20.462 25 30.550 
 
 30 24.691 30 36.450 
 
 35 28.995 35 42.248 
 
 40 33.392 40 47.915 
 
 45 37.899 45 53.432 
 
 50 42.523 50 58.792 
 
 55 47.286 55 63.973 
 
 60 ... 52.196 60 ... 68.971 
 
 * The second column of the table was deduced from the 
 table of Trallea, by means of the formula 
 
 in which p denotes the ratio of the masses, v the ratio of 
 the volumes, and D d the densities. The fourth column 
 being then obtained by interpolation. 
 
22 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 Per cent by Per cent by 
 
 rolume. 
 
 65 . 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 
 85 
 
 90 
 
 95 
 
 100 . 
 
 Per cent by Per cent by 
 
 weight. weight. volume. 
 
 57.255 65 ... 73.793 
 
 62.498 70 78.402 
 
 67.932 75 82.803 
 
 73.586 80 86.973 
 
 79.502 85 90.878 
 
 85.755 90 94.455 
 
 92.461 95 97.609 
 
 100.000 100 ... 100.000 
 
 (McCulloh, in his Report on Sugar and -Hydrome- 
 ters, p. 502.) 
 
 The experiments of Gouvernain ( Table exacte de 
 la Pesanteur Spe'cijique de Melanges d'Alcool et d'Eau, 
 etc. ; par M. de Gouvernain, 8vo, pp. 16 et 4 tab- 
 leaux, Dijon, 1825 ; cited in Ferrusac's Bulletin, 
 1827, 7. 147) being admitted to be of inferior ac- 
 curacy, his table is not given here. The same re- 
 mark applies to the tables of Meissner (in his 
 Araometrie, Wien, 1826, II. pp. 27, 30), which 
 are frequently cited in German works (for exam- 
 ple, in extenso, in Balling's Gdhrungschemie, Prag, 
 1854, 1. table VII., facing page 118), which have 
 been shown by Prof. R. B. McCulloh (in his Re- 
 port,, pp. 472-475, 498) to be less worthy of con- 
 fidence than those of Gilpin, Delezenne, Tralles, 
 Gay-Lussac, &c. 
 
 No reference to the subject of alcohometry, 
 however slight, can be made without some allu- 
 sion to the very remarkable determinations of 
 Blagden & Gilpin, which are to be found in the 
 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of 
 London for the year 1794, vol. 84. p. 275. The 
 tables of specific gravities given by these observers 
 indicate the amounts by weight of alcohol and wa- 
 ter in any mixture, and are computed for every 
 degree of temperature between 30 and 80 of 
 Fahrenheit's thermometer, and for the addition or 
 subtraction of every one part in a hundred of wa- 
 ter or alcohol. The alcohol employed by Blagden 
 & Gilpin was, however, not absolutely anhydrous, 
 having been of 0.825 sp.gr. at60F. ( = 15.56 C.) 
 the sp. gr. of water at 60 F. being taken as = 1. 
 (Compare Blagden & Gilpin's earlier papers in 
 Phil. Trans., 1790, 80. 321 ; and 1792, 82. 425.) 
 Tralles's tables, on the other hand, refer to alcohol 
 of 0.7946 sp. gr. at 60 F. (water at 60 F. equalling 
 1). (Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1811, 38. pp. 365 
 - 369.) Subsequent researches have indeed shown 
 that a slight correction must be made on this ac- 
 count, but the accuracy of Gilpin's determinations 
 has only been made more clearly manifest by the 
 rigid scrutiny to which they have been repeatedly 
 subjected. 
 
 In his Report in Relation to Sugar and Hydrome- 
 ters, Ex. Doc. No. 50, 30th Congress, 1st Session, 
 Washington, 1848, to which we would here refer 
 the reader as a work replete with valuable informa- 
 tion upon the subject of this article, and very care- 
 fully compiled, Prof. McCulloh has constructed 
 (pp. 495-497) tables of comparison between 
 the results of Blagden & Gilpin and those of De- 
 lezenne which are shown to agree in a very remark- 
 able manner; he has also (p. 497) verified the ta- 
 ble of Tralles, and compared it (p. 498, etseq.) with 
 the determinations of Gay-Lussac, Meissner, and 
 Gouvernain, showing that, while the results of 
 Gay-Lussac accord very closely with those of 
 Tralles, those of Meissner and Gouvernain differ 
 from them considerably, and by the method of 
 curves are found to be improbable. On p. 514 of 
 his Report, McCulloh gives a table comparing his 
 own results with those of Delezenne. 
 
 In a preliminary notice of a memoir (which is 
 said to have been published in extenso in the Me'- 
 
 moires de I'Acade'mie des Sciences de Paris, 3O. 
 425) upon the density of alcohol and that of its 
 mixtures with water, Pouillet remarks that the 
 sp. gr. of absolute alcohol given by Lowitz is true 
 to within -j gihnr> an( i that for all the mixtures be- 
 tween water and absolute alcohol the densities 
 observed by Lowitz do not differ more than a 
 thousandth or a thousandth and a half from those 
 of Gay-Lussac. The results of Blagden and Gil- 
 pin are not less remarkable : on reducing them to 
 the same standard as those of Gay-Lussac, they 
 are found to agree with the latter for all the mix- 
 tures, and for each degree of temperature between 
 and 30, in the thousandths places, the differ- 
 ences not exceeding some ten-thousandths. Pouil- 
 let himself found by direct experiment, in one in- 
 stance, identically the same sp. gr. for absolute 
 alcohol as Gay-Lussac (0.7947 at 15 referred to 
 water = 1 at 15), and in another experiment ob- 
 tained a result a few ten-thousandths higher. Like 
 many others who have carefully examined the 
 matter, Pouillet expresses his conviction that the 
 densities of mixtures of alcohol and water are 
 sufficiently well known for all practical purposes, 
 and that there is no occasion for new researches 
 upon this subject. (C. R. 1859, 48. 929.) 
 
 V. Baumhaucr, in Holland, has, nevertheless, 
 seen fit to repeat the labors of his predecessors, 
 and has published an extended memoir (referred 
 to by Pouillet as having been presented to the 
 Amsterdam Academy May 27, 1860, and pub- 
 lished by that Academy). The following is a 
 comparison of his principal results with those of 
 Gay-Lussac, and of Gilpin & Blagden : 
 
 Per cent by 
 weight of al- 
 cohol, of 
 0.7940 at 15 
 (sp. gr. of wa- 
 terat its max- 
 imum = 1). 
 
 100 ... 
 95 
 90 
 85 
 80 
 75 
 70 
 65 
 60 
 55 
 50 
 45 
 40 
 35 
 30 
 25 
 20 
 15 
 10 
 5 . . . 
 
 Sp. gr. of the 
 
 mixture at 
 
 15 (referred 
 
 to water at its 
 
 maximum). 
 
 Baum- 
 
 hauer. 
 
 . . 0.7941 
 0.8089 
 0.8225 
 0.8357 
 0.8484 
 0.8602 
 0.8720 
 0.8838 
 0.8954 
 0.9068 
 0.9179 
 0.9288 
 0.9387 
 0.9482 
 0.9569 
 0.9642 
 0.9706 
 0.9766 
 0.9830 
 
 . . 0.9903 
 
 Sp. gr. of the mixture at 15 
 (referred to water at 15=1). 
 
 Baum- 
 hauer. 
 
 0.7948 
 0.8096 
 0.8232 
 0.8364 
 0.8491 
 0.8610 
 0.8728 
 0.8846 
 0.8962 
 0.9076 
 0.9187 
 0.9296 
 0.9395 
 0.9490 
 0.9577 
 0.9650 
 0.9715 
 0.9775 
 0.9839 
 0.9912 
 
 Gay- 
 Lussac. 
 
 0.7947 
 0.8093 
 0.8232 
 0.8363 
 0.8488 
 0.8610 
 0.8729 
 0.8847 
 0.8963 
 0.9077 
 0.9188 
 0.9296 
 0.9398 
 0.9493 
 0.9578 
 0.9652 
 
 Gilpin. 
 
 0.8232 
 0.8362 
 0.8487 
 0.8608 
 0.8727 
 0.8845 
 0.8962 
 0.9075 
 0.9187 
 0.9295 
 0.9397 
 0.9492 
 0.9578 
 0.9653 
 0.9721 
 0.9776 
 0.9840 
 0.9913 
 
 The agreement is complete, since the differences 
 are in general comprised between 2 and 3 ten- 
 thousandths. (Cited by Pouillet, C. R., 1860, 51. 
 1006.) The previous hasty assertions of Baum- 
 hauer ( Verslagen en Mededeelingen der [Amsterdam] 
 Akademie (Natuurkunde), Feb. 25, 1860, 10. 317, 
 and Comptes Rendus, of the French Academy, 
 1860, 50. 591 ; compare p. 251 of the Verslagen), 
 that considerable errors exist in the table which 
 Pouillet calculated from the observations of Gil- 
 pin and Gay-Lussac, are now admitted by Baum- 
 hauer himself to be false ; the error having been 
 one of incorrect comparison on his own part. 
 (See C. R., 1860, 51. 1004.) 
 
ALCOHOL. 
 
 23 
 
 When the tempera- The per cent by volume of alcohol 
 
 ture of the vapor (after Tralles) 
 
 going over from an in the liquid in in the distillate 
 
 ordinary still is the still ia is 
 
 77.2 ........ 92 ........ 93 
 
 77.5 90 92 
 
 77.81 85 91 
 
 78.12 80 90.5 
 
 78.75 75 90 
 
 79.38 70 89 
 
 80 65 87 
 
 81.25 50 85 
 
 82.5 40 82 
 
 83.75 35 80 
 
 85 30 78 
 
 86.25 25 76 
 
 87.5 20 71 
 
 88.75 18 68 
 
 90 15 66 
 
 91.25 12 61 
 
 92.50 10 55 
 
 93.75 7 50 
 
 95 5 42 
 
 96.25 3 36 
 
 97.5 2 28 
 
 98.75 1 13 
 
 100 ........ ........ . 
 
 (Greening, Brandes's Archiv., 1823, 6. 200; from 
 G.'s brochure entitled Die vortheilhafte Anwendung 
 des Thermometers, zuyleich als Alcoholometer bei 
 dem Brenn- und Destillations-geschafle, etc., 8vo, Co- 
 penhagen, 1822. Another brochure by Greening is 
 entitled Das neue ThermoAlkohometer nebst Barome- 
 ter, Post 8vo, Berlin, 1827.) 
 
 For Greening's table of the quantities and 
 strengths of alcohol which distil over at various 
 temperatures from his patent apparatus, see Edin. 
 Phil. J.,\822, 7. 214 ; also Brandes's Archiv., 1823, 
 6. 198. 
 Alcohol containing 
 
 gr. at 20). 
 
 Boils at =0. (Bar. = 720mm. at 0). 
 
 94 
 95 
 96 
 97 
 98 
 99 
 
 75.72 
 
 75-74 
 
 75 68 (Repeated.) 
 
 75.60 
 
 75.60 (Repeated.) 
 
 75.65 
 
 100 ....... 75.78 (Repeated.) 
 
 These experiments, in showing that alcohol, 
 which contains 2 <@ 2.5% of water, boils more easi- 
 ly than that which is completely anhydrous, cor- 
 roborate those of v. Scemmering, who found that, 
 when very strong alcohol is subjected to distilla- 
 tion, the portions which first pass off contain more 
 water than those which distil over at a later period. 
 (v. Yelin & Fuchs, Kastner's Archiv., 1824, 2. pp. 
 347, 343, 349; compare Duflos. Ibid.. 1828, 14. 
 291.) 
 
 In the research cited above, v. Yelin found that 
 absolute alcohol boiled at 75.78 <@ 76.9 under 
 pressures of 720 and 759mm. o f mercury, and ar- 
 gued therefrom that the statements of earlier text- 
 books, which put the boiling-point of absolute 
 alcohol at 78.75 i 80, were erroneous. In a sub- 
 sequent elaborate set of experiments he corrects 
 this, and fixes the boiling-point more accurately at 
 77.25 under a pressure of Om.7216. (Kastner's 
 Archiv., 1824, 3.373.) [Compare Kopp's table 
 below.] 
 
 Boilliat o C 
 " ls at C- 
 
 Alcohol of sp. 
 
 gr.(at 15.56). 
 
 0.9200 . . . 81.44 
 
 0.9821 82.08 
 
 0.9420 82.44 
 
 09516 83.33 
 
 0.9600 . . . 84.11 
 
 Bn . 
 Joils at 
 
 Alcohol of sp. 
 
 gr.(at 15.56). 
 
 0.9665 . . . 85.33 
 
 0.9729 87.22 
 
 0.9786 88.78 
 
 0.9850 91.33 
 
 0.9920 . . . 94.44 
 
 (Ure, in his Diet, of Arts, Boston, 1853; cited 
 from Pharm. J. Trans., 7. 166.) 
 
 Boils at C. 
 
 Boils atC. 
 
 0.9335 .... 94 0.8458 .... 80.5 
 
 0.9234 92.8 0.8397 79.4 
 
 0.9126 91.7 0.8332 786 
 
 0.9013 90 0.8265 78 
 
 0.8892 87.8 0.8194 76.1 
 
 0.8875 86.1 0.8118 758 
 
 0.8765 84 0.8034 75.5 
 
 0.8630 82.8 0.7939 .... 75.8 
 
 0.8518 .... 81.7 
 
 (Casoria, J. Chim. Me'd., 1846, p. 467; cited by 
 Pohl.) 
 
 Pohl finds that on heating hydrated alcohol the 
 thermometer rises rapidly until the liquid begins 
 to boil, when the temperature suddenly remains 
 fixed during some seconds, after which the mer- 
 cury slowly rises again, and in a short time reach- 
 es a second fixed point, at which it remains con- 
 stant for a greater number of seconds than before, 
 and then begins to rise again, and continues to rise, 
 with several short cessations, until all the alcohol 
 has been driven off. Pohl takes the second fixed 
 point as the proper boiling-point, because it lasts 
 longer than the first, and because its temperature 
 was found to be more nearly constant when sev- 
 eral samples of alcohol of the same composition 
 were compared with each other. The tempera- 
 tures of the second stationary interval are given 
 in the following table : 
 An aqueous solution Is of sp. gr. 
 containing percent (at 15H 8 P- And boils at C. 
 by weight of alcohol gr. of water (Bar.=760 mm - 
 (of 0.7951 sp. gr). at 15=1]. 
 
 ....... 1 0000 ..... 100 
 
 1 0.9982 98.79 
 
 2 0.9964 97.82 
 
 3 0.9947 96.85 
 
 4 0.9930 95.90 
 
 5 0.9913 95.02 
 
 6 0.9898 94.21 
 
 7 0.9883 93.43 
 
 8 0.9868 92.70 
 
 9 0.9854 92.03 
 
 10 0.9840 91.40 
 
 11 0.9827 90.83 
 
 12 ....... 0.9814 ...... 90.27 
 
 (Pohl, Denkschriften der Wiener Akad., math-nat. 
 classe, 1851, vol. 2. p. 12 of the memoir. 
 
 The presence of even 15% of sugar (extract of 
 malt) in hydrated alcohol does not appear to 
 exert any perceptible influence on the boiling-point 
 of the latter. (Ibid., p. 15.) 
 
 In his very elaborate memoir in the Vienna 
 
 Denkschriften, 1851, 2. 200, Pohl also gives tables 
 
 of correction for temperature of the relation of 
 
 per cent by volume to per cent by weight, &c., &c. 
 
 Boil ing-Point of Absolute Alcohol. 
 
 Observer. 
 
 C at Bar. C reduced to 
 mm. 760mm. Bar. 
 Dumas & Boullay, . . 76 745 ... 76.6 
 Gay-Lussac, 78.4 760 78.4 
 
 Pierre, 78.3 758 78.4 
 
 Yelin, 77.3 722 78.7 
 
 Kopp (earlier), 78.8 752 79.1 
 
 Kopp (best), 77.7 748 ... 78.4 
 
 (H. Kopp, Pogg. Ann., 1847, 72. 56.) 
 
24 
 
 ALIZARIN. 
 
 Contains (by Contains (by 
 
 An ethereal experiment) An ethereal experiment) 
 
 solution of per cent of solution of per cent of 
 
 sp. gr. alcohol (of sp. gr. alcohol (of 
 
 0.809). 0.809). 
 
 0.729 0.779 60 
 
 0.737 10 0.786 70 
 
 0.756 30 0.801 90 
 
 0.765 40 0.809 .... 100 
 
 From these data Schiff calculates the following 
 table, by means of the formula, 
 
 D = 0.729 + 0.000966p 0.00000222 p 2 , 
 
 in which D the sp. gr. of the solution and p the 
 percentage of alcohol contained in the solution. 
 
 An ethereal Contains per An- ethereal Contains per 
 
 solution of cent of alco- solution of cent of alco- 
 
 sp. gr. hol(of0.809). sp. gr. hol(of0.809). 
 
 0.729 0.775 55 
 
 0.734 5 0.779 60 
 0.738 10 0.782 65 
 0.742 15 0.786 70 
 0.747 20 0.789 75 
 0.752 25 0.798 80 ' 
 0.756 30 0.796 85 
 0.760 35 0.800 90 
 0.765 40 0.804 95 
 0.768 45 0.809 . . . '. 100 
 
 0.772 50 
 
 The sp. grs. corresponding to per cents of ether 
 in the solution may be found by means of the for- 
 mula, 
 
 D = 0.809 0.000733 p 0.000001 1 1 jt> 2 . 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 111. 374.) 
 
 ALCOHOLATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat soluble 
 
 Ba 0, C 4 H 8 2 (?) in absol ute alcohol : 1 c. c. of the 
 
 saturated solution containing 0.77 
 
 grm. of it. Water precipitates it from its solution 
 
 in absolute alcohol ; but this precipitate is soluble 
 
 in an excess of pure water. A precipitate falls 
 
 also when the solution in absolute alcohol is boiled, 
 
 but dissolves again as the liquid cools. (Berthe- 
 
 lot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 180.) 
 
 ALCOHOL with CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM. 
 
 I.) 2 C 4 H 8 2 ; Ca 01 1 
 
 II.) 2 C 4 H 6 2 ; 3 Ca Cl + 2 Act j 
 
 ALCOHOL with CHLORIDE OF MANGANESE 
 C 4 H 6 2 ; Mn Cl The solution in absolute alcohol 
 saturated at 11.25 contains 58.2% 
 of it, and the same quantity at 37.5 ; at 76.25 
 (boiling) it contains 62.7% of it. If Graham's 
 (Ann. Phil, 1. 333) composition of the salt be 
 admitted, then the alcoholic solution saturated 
 at 76.25 would contain 79% of the compound. 
 (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1831, 22. 271.) 
 
 ALCOHOL with ^CHLORIDE OF TIN. Soluble 
 C 4 H 6 2 ;SnCl 2 in absolute alcohol. (Robiquet.) 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. (Lewy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 310.) 
 
 ALCOHOL with CHLORIDE OF ZINC. Soluble 
 C 4 II a 2 ;ZnCl in alcohol, from which it crystal- 
 lizes on cooling. 
 
 ALCOHOL with NITRATE OF MAGNESIA. Sol- 
 3 C 4 H 6 O 2 ; Mg 0, N0 5 uble in hot absolute alcohol, 
 crystallizing out as the solution 
 cools. Decomposed by water. (Chodnew.) 
 
 ALCORNIN (from the bark of Alchornea lati- 
 folia). Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and oil of 
 turpentine. Insoluble in dilute acids, and in alka- 
 line solutions. (Bilz, Frenzel.) 
 
 ALDEHYDATE OF X. Vid. Acetylide of X. 
 
 ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Acetyl. 
 
 ALDEHYDEAMMONIA. Vid. Acetylide of Am- 
 monium. 
 
 ALDEHYDERESIN. When precipitated from its 
 alcoholic solution by water, it dissolves again on 
 washing ; but when precipitated from the solution 
 in potash, by means of dilute sulphuric acid, it is 
 completely insoluble in water and only partially 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Liebig.) Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Scarcely at all soluble iu alkaline solutions. 
 (Weidenbusch.) 
 
 " ALDEHYDIC ACID" was a mixture of Alde- 
 hyde and Acetic Acid. 
 
 ALIXIA CAMPHOR. See under CAMPHORS. 
 
 ALIZARIC ACID. Vid. Phthalic Acid. 
 
 ALIZARIN. Sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 (Lizciric Acid. Madder-Red.) Soluble in alcohol, and 
 C 20 H 6 o 6 & + 4Aq ether Readily sol uble 
 
 in alkaline lyes, and in solutions of the alkaline 
 carbonates. Unacted on by chlorhydric, and scarce- 
 ly at all by nitric acid. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 ingly soluble, in water acidulated with chlorhydric 
 or sulphuric acid. Soluble in cold concentiated 
 sulphuric acid, from which water precipitates it. 
 Its compounds with the alkaline earths are spar- 
 ingly soluble, those with the metallic oxides in- 
 soluble, in water. (Schunk, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1846, 
 p. 26.) Tolerably soluble in alcohol. Soluble in 
 ether. Easily soluble in solutions of the fixed al- 
 kalies and alkaline carbonates, also in solutions of 
 ammonia and carbonate of ammonia. Insoluble 
 in cold, sparingly soluble in boiling solution of 
 alum. (Strecker, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 245.) Very 
 slightly soluble in cold, more readily soluble in 
 boiling water. (Colin & Robiquet.) Difficultly 
 moistened by cold water. (Wolff & Strecker.) 
 The boiling aqueous solution deposits nothing on 
 cooling (Gaultier & Persoz), but is precipitated by 
 acids. (Kuhlmann.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 100 dissolve 0.034 pt. of it ; 
 at 150, 0.035 pt., the solubility in water rapidly in- 
 creasing when the mixture is heated above 200 in 
 a sealed tube : 100 pts. of water dissolve 0.82 pt. 
 of it at 200; 1.70 pts. at 225: and 3.16 pts. at 
 250. (Plessy & Schuetzenberger.) It is not af- 
 fected by weak acids (Gaultier & Persoz) ; when 
 boiled with dilute acids it dissolves, and is rede- 
 posited on cooling. (Runge.) Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipi- 
 tated unchanged on the addition of water. ( Colin 
 & Robiquet, and others.) 
 
 Soluble in cold, and more abundantly in boil- 
 ing alcohol. (Wolff & Strecker.) Soluble in al- 
 cohol in almost every proportion. (Colin & Ro- 
 biquet.) Soluble in 210 pts. of alcohol at 12. 
 (Zenneck.) The hot alcoholic solution does not 
 deposit crystals on cooling, but on dilution. 
 (Schunck.) Precipitated from the alcoholic solu- 
 tion on the addition of water, or acids. (Kuhl- 
 mann.) 
 
 More readily soluble in ether than in alcohol. 
 (Colin & Robiquet, and others.) Soluble in 160 
 pts. of ether, of 0.73 sp. gr., at 12. (Zenneck.) 
 Soluble in bisulphide of carbon, oil of turpentine, 
 rock-oil, and the fatty oils. (Zenneck.) Slowly 
 soluble in cold, rapidly and more abundantly sol- 
 uble in hot glycerine. (Arnodon.) Sparingly 
 soluble in boiling acetic acid. (Schunck.) Solu- 
 ble in boiling bisulphide of carbon, from which it 
 crystallizes on cooling. (Vilmorin.) Soluble in 
 wood-spirit. In ammonia-water. (Runge, Colin 
 & Robiquet, Schiel, Schunck, Strecker.) In sul- 
 phide of ammonium. (Gaultier & Persoz.) Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
ALLITURIC ACID. 
 
 25 
 
 (Colin & Robiquet, Gaultier & Persoz, Runge, 
 Schiel.) In aqueous solutions of the alkaline car- 
 bonates. (Gaultier & Persoz, Schiel.) But in- 
 soluble in a cold solution of bicarbonate of soda ; 
 on heating, carbonic acid is evolved and the aliza- 
 rin dissolves. (Zenneck.) Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of arsenite, arseniate, and silicate of 
 potash. (Gaultier & Persoz.) Scarcely at all 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of alum (Colin & 
 Robiquet) ; insoluble therein (Gaultier & Per- 
 soz, and others). Soluble in a warm aqueous 
 solution of ammonia-alum. (Vilmorin.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of aluminate of potash. 
 (Gaultier & Persoz.) Readily soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of protochloride of tin, also abun- 
 dantly soluble in a solution of protoxide of tin in 
 caustic potash (Gaultier & Persoz); with reduc- 
 tion (Schunck). 
 
 Alizarin combines with salifiable bases, forming 
 compounds which are insoluble in water, and alco- 
 hol, with the exception of the potash, soda, and 
 ammonia salts. (Debus.) Insoluble in a very 
 concentrated solution of caustic potash ; its com- 
 pounds with the alkalies are also insoluble in con- 
 centrated saline solutions. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF ALUMINA. Insoluble in water 
 or alcohol. (Schunck.) 
 
 ALIZARITE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) din. Insoluble in water or alcohol. (Wolff 
 C 20 Kg O 6 ; 2 (Ba 0, HO) & Strecker. ) 
 
 II.) sesquibasic. 
 2C 20 H 6 ; 3(BaO,HO) 
 
 III.) sesquiacid. 
 3C 20 H 6 6 ; 2BaO 
 
 ALIZARITE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF GOLD. Ppt. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Ppt., in alcohol. 
 2C W H S 6 3PbO 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water or alcohol. Soluble in 
 3 CM H 6 5 , 4 Pb acetic acid and in an aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash. (De- 
 bus.) 
 
 ALIZARITE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 2 C, H 6 ; 3 (Ca 0, HO) 
 
 ALIZARITE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF POTASH. Easily soluble in 
 water, and absolute alcohol. Insoluble in ether, 
 or in cold saline solutions. (Strecker, J. Ch. &>c., 
 3. 246.) 
 
 ALIZARITE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF SODA. Easily soluble in water, 
 and absolute alcohol. Insoluble in ether, in cold 
 saline solutions, or in concentrated soda-lye. 
 (Strecker, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 246.) 
 
 ALIZARITE OF STRONTIA. Ppt. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF TIN. 
 
 ALIZARITE OF ZINC. Ppt., in alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 ALKALOIDS. Some alkaloids, as nicotin and 
 picolin, and most of the compound ammonias, 
 mix with water in all proportions ; others dissolve 
 in it but sparingly, many requiring several hun- 
 dred or thousand parts. Alcohol dissolves the al- 
 kajoids much more freely ; ether dissolves many 
 of them readily, but several of those which con- 
 tain oxygen, cinchonin, and morphin, for exam- 
 4 
 
 pie, are nearly insoluble in this liquid. Certain 
 alkaloids are soluble in caustic alkalies, e. g. mor- 
 phin and atropin. (Gmelin.) 
 
 " Most of the alkaloids are sparingly soluble in 
 water, but dissolve freely in alcohol, especially 
 when this is hot. Some dissolve in ether, and in 
 the fixed and essential oils, and almost all in ben- 
 zin, bisulphide of carbon, and chloroform." (Par- 
 rish's Pliarm., p. 386.) Many alkaloids are solu- 
 ble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) Alcohol seems to 
 be the best and most general solvent of the alka- 
 loids. (Graham, et al., J. Ch. Soc., 8. 136.) The 
 non-volatile alkaloids are generally much less 
 soluble in ether than the volatile. Most salts of 
 the alkaloids are entirely insoluble in ether, but 
 soluble in alcohol. (Otto.) 
 
 ALKANET GREEN. Easily soluble in ether ; 
 more difficultly soluble in spirit. 
 ALKANET RED. Vid. Anchusin. 
 
 ALKARGEN. Vid. Cacodylic Acid. 
 C 4 As H 7 4 
 
 ALKARSIN. Vid. Oxide of Cacodyl. 
 ALLANTOIC ACID. Vid. Allantoin. 
 
 ALLANTOIN. Permanent. Soluble in 160 pts. 
 (Allantoic Acid. o f water at 20, and in 30 pts. of 
 fmnioticAnd.) boiling water. (Liebigfe Wcehler.) 
 
 Soluble in 400 pts. of cold water. 
 
 (Lassaigne.) Decomposed by water 
 when heated therewith to 110 i 140 in a closed 
 tube. (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 72.) 
 More soluble in alcohol than in water. (Vauque- 
 lin & Buniva.) Also soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of potash, and of the carbonated alkalies. 
 
 ALLANTOIN with CADMIUM. Insoluble in al- 
 CgH 6 CdN 4 6 cohol. Partially soluble, with de- 
 composition in water. (Limpricht, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 88. 100.) 
 
 ALLANTOIN with COPPER. Soluble in water. 
 
 Cu 0, 3 C 8 H B N 4 5 
 
 ALLANTOIN with LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 2PbO, C 8 H 5 PbN 4 O 6 
 
 ALLANTOIN with MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in cold, sparingly soluble in hot 
 
 5 HgO ; 3 C 8 H B N 4 6 water. Insoluble in cold spirit. 
 
 Readily soluble in chlorhydric, 
 
 nitric, and sulphuric acids. (Limpricht, Ann. Ch. 
 
 u. Pharm., 88. 94.) 
 
 II.) Decomposed by water. 
 3HgO,6C 8 H 5 N 4 5 
 
 III.) Insoluble in water. 
 4HgO,3C 8 H 6 N 4 5 
 
 IV. Ppt. 
 6HgO,2C 8 H B N 4 5 
 
 ALLANTOIN with SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 C 8 H 5 N 4 Ag0 6 
 
 ALLANTOIN with ZINC. Soluble in water, from 
 Zn 0, C g H 5 Zn N 4 6 which alcohol precipitates it. 
 (Limpricht.) 
 
 ALLANTURIC ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 (Leucoturic Acid? Com- i n water. Almost in- 
 pare Lantanuric Acid.) goluble j n alcohoh ,p e _ 
 
 C 6 H 4 N 2 6 = N 2 } H 5* (0 2 louze, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys, (3.) 6. 71.) 
 
 ALLANTURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of acetate of lead, and in acids. 
 (Pelouze, loc. cit.) 
 
 ALLANTURATE OF SILVER. Ppt. Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of nitrate of silver, and in 
 acids. (Pelouze, loc. cit.) 
 
 ALLITURIC ACID. - Soluble in 15 ( 20 pts. of 
 C 6 H 3 N 2 4 boiling water. Soluble in concentrated 
 
26 
 
 ALLOXANATES. 
 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is reprccipitated, un- 
 changed, on the addition of water. Unacted upon 
 by warm nitric acid. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Schlieper.) 
 ALLOPIIANIC ACID. Not known in the free 
 
 ( CyanoCarbamic Acid. Ureo- state. 
 
 Carhonic Acid. 
 
 C 4 H 4 N 2 6 = C 4 H 3 N 2 5 ,HO 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in cold, 
 (' Cyanurate of Amy I.") readily soluble 
 
 Cn H 14 N 2 6 = C 4 H 3 (C 10 H n ) N 2 6 j n boiling water. 
 Very soluble in alcohol. (Schlieper.) Tolerably- 
 soluble in ether, from which solution it is precipi- 
 tated by water. (Liebig.) 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF BARYTA. Slowly but com- 
 C 4 H 3 BaN 2 6 pletely soluble in water. Decom- 
 posed by boiling. (Liebig & Wceh- 
 ler.) 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF ETHYL. Scarcely at all sol- 
 (" Cyanurate of Ethyl." " Cyanic Ether.") uble in cold, 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 6 = C 4 H 3 (C 4 H 5 ) N 2 6 but tolerably 
 
 easily soluble in boiling water, from which it crys- 
 tallizes on cooling. May also be crystallized from 
 alcohol. More soluble in ammonia-water than in 
 pure water, but does not combine therewith. 
 (Liebig, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 125, note.) 
 Somewhat soluble in cold, and very easily soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in 
 ether, even when this is boiling. Soluble, appar- 
 ently without decomposition, in boiling dilute 
 sulphuric, nitric, and chlorhydric acids. (Woehler 
 & Liebig, Debus.) 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. (Liebig & Woehler.) 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF METHYL. Soluble, espe- 
 (" Cyanurate of Methyl.") cially in warm wa- 
 
 C 6 H N 2 O e = C 4 H 3 (C 2 H 3 ) N 2 6 ^ ^^^ wood . 
 
 spirit, and ether. (Richardson.) 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF PHENYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 16 H 8 N 2 6 = C 4 H 3 (C 12 H 5 )N 2 6 ter. Soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol. 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF POTASH. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 ALLOPHANATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ALLOXAN. The anhydrous crystals are per- 
 (ErythrisMc Acid.) manent, the hydrate 
 
 c 8 H 4 N 2 10 & + 2Aq&8Aq effloresces. Very easi- 
 ly soluble in water, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of strong nitric acid, being insoluble 
 in nitric acid. (Schlieper.) Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Brngnatelli.) The concentrated aqueous 
 solution is slowly decomposed, on boiling. 
 
 ALLOXANIC ACID. Permanent. Readily soluble 
 
 ( C 2 2 " in water, the solution 
 
 C 8 H 4 N 2 10 =N 2 ^ ; 6 ",2HO undergoing decom- 
 
 . position when boiled ; 
 
 less soluble in 5 IS) 6 pts. of alcohol ; and still less 
 soluble in ether. The aqueous solution is decom- 
 posed on boiling. The alkaline alloxanates are sol- 
 uble in water. Most alloxanates are insoluble in 
 alcohol, and many of them may be precipitated 
 by it from their aqueous solutions. 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very easily decomposed. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 3 4 pts. of water. In- 
 C 8 H 3 (N H 4 ) N 2 10 soluble in alcohol. (Schlieper.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 8 H 2 Ba 2 N 2 10 + Aq & 9 Aq more read i ly in hot wa- 
 ter. Very readily solu- 
 ble in acids. (Liebig & Woehler.) 
 
 II.) acid. More soluble in water than the nor- 
 C 8 H 3 Ba N 2 10 -f- 2 Aq mal salt, and still more solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of 
 alloxanic acid. Soluble in alcohol. (Schlieper.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF COBALT. Partially soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 5 <8> 6 pts. of water. 
 C 8 H 2 Cu 2 N 2 10 + 8 Aq 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Schlieper.) 
 Cu O, C 8 H 2 Cu 2 N 2 10 -f Aq 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) terbasic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 Pb 0, C 8 H 2 Pb 2 N 2 OK, alloxanic acid, and in the 
 acids generally. 
 
 II.) normal.- Insoluble in water. 
 C 8 H 2 Pb 2 N 2 10 +2Aq 
 
 III.) acid. Tolerably soluble in water. Decom- 
 C 8 H 3 PbN 2 10 -f-2Aq posed by alcohol. (Schlie- 
 per.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. More soluble in water than the 
 C 8 H 2 Ca 2 N 2 10 + 10Aq baryta salt. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. Very soluble in 
 acetic acid. (Schlieper.) 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. Soluble in 20 pts. of 
 C 8 H 3 CaN 2 10 + 6Aq cold water. Soluble in spirit. 
 
 (Schlieper.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 I.) normal. Tolerably soluble in water. Spar- 
 C 8 H 2 Mg 2 N 2 10 + 10Aq . ingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Schlieper.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF MANGANESE. Deliquescent. 
 Somewhat soluble in water. Insoluble in spirit. 
 (Schlieper.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF MERCURY (HgO). Insoluble 
 C 8 H 2 Hg 2 N 2 10 + 4Aq in water, or alcohol. (Schlie- 
 per.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF POTASH 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C 8 H 2 K 2 N 2 10 + 6 Aq in alcohol, or ether. 
 
 II.) acid. Rather difficultly soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 3 K N 2 10 Sparingly soluble in spirit. 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble for the most 
 C 8 H 2 N 2 Ni 2 10 + 4Aq part in water, a portion of 
 basic salt remaining undis- 
 solved. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 II.) basic. Permanent. Insoluble in water. 
 C 8 H 2 Ni 2 N 2 O in ; NiO,IIO (Schlieper.) 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 2 AgN 2 10 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in wa- 
 ter. Alcohol precipitates a concentrated solution 
 of the salt from its dilute aqueous solution. 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I. ) normal. 
 C 8 H 2 Sr 2 N 2 0, +8Aq 
 
 ALLOXANATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) terbasic. Slowly soluble in water; dissolv- 
 ZnO, C 8 H 2 Zn 2 N 2 10 + 8Aq ing with especial slow- 
 ness when dry. Readily 
 soluble in alloxanic acid. (Schlieper.) 
 
 II.) acid. Tolerably soluble in water. Sparing- 
 C 8 H 3 Zn N 2 O to + 4 Aq ly soluble in spirit. ( Schlie- 
 per.) 
 
ALOETATES. 
 
 27 
 
 ALLOXANTIN. Permanent. Very sparingly 
 (Urozin.) soluble in cold, somewhat more 
 
 C 10 H 6 N 4 O 16 + 4Aq soluble in boiling water. In- 
 soluble or very sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Lie- 
 big & Wcehler.) 
 
 Its aqueous solution is very readily decomposed 
 even in the cold, but especially on boiling. 
 
 10 grammes of alloxantin washed with 1 kilo- 
 gramme of water at 10 lost 3 grammes. It is con- 
 siderably more soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 alkaline chlorides than in pure water. 5 grammes 
 of it having been dissolved in 100 c. c. of water 
 at 100 and the solution cooled immediately to 
 20, 81.81% of the alloxantin was deposited. This 
 experiment being repeated with a saturated solu- 
 tion of chloride of sodium in place of water, only 
 48.1 7% of the alloxantin was deposited. Nearly 
 insoluble in alcohol, and ether. (J. M. Merrick, 
 Thesis of the Lawrence Scientific School, Cam- 
 bridge, 1859.) 
 
 ALLOXANTIN with UREA. 
 2 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , C 3 H 5 N 2 10 -|- Aq 
 
 ALLYL. Not isolated. 
 
 (Acryl.) 
 C 6 H 8 or<Wj 
 
 ALLTLAMIN. 
 
 (Acrylamin.) 
 
 C 6 II 7 N = Nj 2 H 5 
 
 Z)tnALLYLAMIN. 
 C 12 H n N = N^6 H ^ 
 
 7WALLYLAMIN. 
 C 18 H 15 N = N^(C 6 H 3 ) 3 
 ALLYLAMYL. 
 
 p TT _ V^IO Hi! 
 
 C 16 H 16 _ c i H;; ii 
 
 ALLYLAMYLIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Allyl 
 & of Amyl. 
 
 ALLYLANILIN UREA. Vid. PhenylAllyl Urea. 
 
 TkrALLYLARSONiuM. Vid. ArsentefrAllyl- 
 ium. 
 
 ALLYLETHER. Vid. Oxide of Allyl and of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 ALLYLETHYL. 
 
 rt TT _ C 8 H 5 
 
 c ioHio= c H 
 
 ALLYLIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Allyl. 
 
 ALLYLIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Allyl. 
 
 ALLYLIN. 
 
 r H _ C6H 5 '"? 
 C 12 H 12 "a H 2 . C 6 H 3 5 
 
 .DI'ALLYLIN. 
 
 f TT r\ ^e H 5 '" 7 ,-. 
 C 18 H 1C 6 - H (G - HB)2 6 
 
 TWALLYLIN. Soluble in ether. (Berthelot & 
 6 =W0 8 DeLuca.) 
 
 7&rALLYLIUM. 
 
 C 24 H 2n N = Nj(C 8 H s ) 4 
 
 ALLYLNAPHTHYLSULPHOCARBAMID. Vid. 
 
 NaphthylThiosinamin. 
 
 ALLYLOXAMIC ACID. Vid. Oxamate of Al- 
 
 lyi- 
 
 ALLYLPHENYLSULPHOCARBAMID. Vid. Phe- 
 
 nylThiosinamin. 
 
 ALLYLSULPHOCARBAMIC AdD. Not isolated. 
 ( Sulpha Sinapic Acid. Sulphy- 
 drate of Sulpfio Cyanide of Allyl.) 
 
 C g Hj N S 4 = N j c! H B . S, HS 
 
 \ H 
 ALLYLSULPHOCARBAMATE OF AMMONIA. Ea- 
 
 C g H 6 (N H 4 ) N S 4 sily decomposed. 
 
 ALLYLSULPHOCARBAMATE OF BARYTA. 
 I.) Very soluble in water, and in alcohol. 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. More difficultly soluble 
 C 8 H 8 NS 2 ,2BaS + 2HO in alcohol than No. I. 
 
 ALLYLSULPHOCARBAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 8 H PbNS 4 
 
 ALLYLSULPHOCARBAMATE OF LIME. Soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 ALLYLSULPHOCARBAMATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) Partially decomposes in the air. Soluble in 
 C 8 H 6 KNS 4 nvater. Soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 II.) C 8 H 5 K 2 NS 4 III.) 2C 8 H 5 NS 2 ; 2KS 
 
 ALLYLSULPHOCARBAMATE OF SODA. Solu- 
 C 8 H B Na NS 4 4- 6 Aq ble in water. (Will, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 92. 59.) 
 
 ALLYLSuLPHoCARBANiLiD. Vid. PhenylThio- 
 sinamin. 
 
 ALLYLSULPHURIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 
 (StilphallylicAcid. Sulphate 
 of Allyl 6f of Hydrogen.) 
 
 ALLYLSULPHATE OF BARYTA. Easily Soluble 
 
 C 6 H 5 Ba 2 , S 2 6 in water. 
 
 ALLYLUREA. Easily soluble in water, and al- 
 C 2 2 " cohol. (Cahours & Hof- 
 ? H mann.) 
 
 C R H S N,0,. 
 
 N., 
 
 Z>Z'ALLYLUREA. Vid. Sinapolin. 
 
 ALLYLXANTHIC ACID. Vid. OxySulphoCar- 
 bonate of Allyl. 
 
 " ALOERETIC " (or Aloeresinic) ACID (of 
 Schunck). Vid. Chrysatric Acid. 
 
 ALOERETIC ACID. Soluble in water, and al- 
 C 14 H 3 N 12 + Aq cohol. ( Mulder. ) 
 
 ALOERETATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ALOERETATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 
 ALOERETATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 ALOERETATE OF LIME. Soluble in water and 
 in alcohol. 
 
 ALOERETATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 ALOERETATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 
 ALOERETATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 (Mulder.) 
 
 ALOES (dry sap of Aloe spicata, perfoliata, &c.). 
 When treated with water a portion of it (bitter of 
 aloes) dissolves ; while from 26 to 42% of a res- 
 inous matter remains undissolved. See under 
 RESINS. 
 
 ALOETAMID. Much more soluble than chrysa- 
 C 14 H S N 3 10 mid. (Mulder.) 
 
 ALOETIC ACID. Soluble in 125 pts. of cold 
 (Polychromatic Acid. Artificial Bitter water. (Bra- 
 of Aloes. Chrysammic Acid, q.v., has cannot.) Sol- 
 also been called Aloetic Acid.) , , 'o,- ft _._ 
 
 C 14 H 3( N0 4 ) 2 3 ,HO JESS'S 
 
 100. (Boutin.) Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 soluble in hot water. Tolerably soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Mulder.) Soluble in 70 i 80 pts. of cold 
 alcohol of 36. (Boutin.) Most of its salts are 
 easily soluble in water. 
 
 ALOETATE OF BARYTA. Nearly insoluble in 
 C 14 H 3 Ba (N0 4 ) 2 4 water. ( Mulder. ) 
 
 ALOETATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. (Mul- 
 C 14 H 2 Pb 2 (N0 4 ) 2 4 der.) 
 
 ALOETATE OF POTASH. ' Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ALOETATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, readily in hot water. (Boutin.) 
 
 ALOETATE-OF SODA. Readily soluble in water. 
 
28 
 
 AMARYTHRIN. 
 
 ALOETIN. Soluble in 10 pts. of water at 10, 
 
 (Aloin. Bitter of Aloes.) in 2 pts. of alcohol of 36 
 
 B. at 10, and in 8 pts. of 
 
 ether of 66 B. at 10. (Robiquet, in Wittstein's 
 Handio., from /. de Pharm., 29. 241.) Very sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Kobiquet, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 20. 484.) Easily soluble in water, 
 and dilute spirit. But not at all soluble in ether 
 or in absolute alcohol. Soluble without notable 
 decomposition in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Braconnot.) Insoluble in oils. 
 
 ALOIN (of Smith). Permanent. . Sparingly 
 C 34 ll u OH + A <1 soluble in cold, much more readily 
 soluble in warm water, and alco- 
 hol. Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic and carbonated alkalies, as well as of am- 
 monia and carbonate of ammonia ; but these solu- 
 tions are gradually decomposed on boiling and on 
 exposure to the air. 
 
 Soluble in 60 pts. of cold water ; soluble in 5 
 pts. of boiling water ; extremely soluble in alco- 
 hol, and in chlorhydric and acetic acids, as well as 
 alkaline solutions. Insoluble in ether, benzin, oil 
 of turpentine, chloroform, or olive oil. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 429.) 
 
 ALOISIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 C 16 H 12 o g ? soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Robi- 
 quet, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 2O. 488.) 
 
 ALOISOL. Completely insoluble in water. Sol- 
 Cm H 12 6 uble in all proportions in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Robiquet, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 20. 488.) 
 
 ALPHA()RSELLINIC ACID. Vid. Orsellic Acid. 
 
 ALPHAORSELLESIC ACID. Vid. Orsellic Acid. 
 
 ALPHAORSELLIC ACID. Vid. Lecanoric Acid. 
 
 "ALPHATOLUIC ACID. AlphaToluyl, &c. 
 See under Toluic Acid, &c., as atphaTo\mc Acid. 
 
 ALTHEIN. Vid. Asparagin. 
 
 ALTHIONIC ACID. 
 C 4 HeS 2 8 =C 4 H 5 S 2 7) HO 
 
 ALTHIONATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. 
 C 4 H 3 (N II 4 ) S 2 O 8 Extremely soluble in water. 
 
 ALTHIONATE OP BARYTA. Permanent. Much 
 C 4 H 6 Ba S 2 8 more soluble in water than the ethyl 
 sulphate. More readily soluble in 
 alcohol, especially in hot, than the isethionate. 
 
 ALTHIONATE OF COPPER. 
 
 ALTHIONATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 ALUM (Ammonia). Vid. Sulphate of Alu- 
 mina and of Ammonia. 
 
 ALUM (Potash). Vid. Sulphate of Alumina 
 and of Potash. 
 
 ALUMINA. Vid. Oxide of Aluminum. 
 
 ALUMINIC ACID. Vid. Oxide of Aluminum. 
 Al,0 8 
 
 The aluminates of metallic oxides are all in- 
 soluble in water excepting those of potash and 
 soda. (Fremy.) 
 
 ALUMINATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 a = BaO, A1 2 3 (Vauquelin, Unverdorben.) 
 6 = ditto, with excess of Soluble in water. Vau- 
 baryta(fiydrated). quelin.) 
 
 ALUMINATE OF COBALT. 
 ALUMINATE OF COPPER. 
 
 ALUMINATE OF GLUCINA. " Chrysoberyl." 
 G10, ALjO s 
 
 ALUMINATE OF IRON (Fe O). As it occurs in 
 nature, acids have scarcely any action upon it. 
 
 ALUMINATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 CaO, A1 2 O 3 (Unverdorben, Kuhlmann.) 
 
 ALUMINATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 (Spinelle.') ter. Chlorhydric acid dissolves very 
 Mg 0, A1 2 3 jj tt j e spjneii^ an( j nitric acid none at 
 all. (Abich.) 
 
 ALUMINATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 ALUMINATE OF POTASH. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in water and in acids. 
 
 b = hydrated. Very soluble in water. Insolu- 
 KO,Al 2 3 + 3Aq ble in alcohol. A certain quan- 
 tity of water decomposes it ; 
 A1 2 Os being pptd. while a very alkaline aluminate 
 remains in solution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 12. 362.) Decomposed by the carbonic acid 
 of the air. 
 
 ALUMINATE OF SODA. Decomposed by the 
 NaO,Al 2 3 carbonic acid of the air. Very solu- 
 ble in water. (Schaffgotsch,) 
 
 ALUMINATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 a = Similar to the baryta salt. 
 
 b = ditto, with excess of strontia. Similar to the 
 baryta salt. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 ALUMINATE OF ZINC. 
 
 a = Insoluble in acids and alkaline solutions. 
 ( Gahnite.) 
 Zn 0, A1 2 3 
 
 b = precipitated. Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of caustic potash and ammonia. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 2. 647.) 
 
 ALUMINUM. Unacted on by water. Unacted 
 Al on by nitric acid, either concentrated or dilute, 
 at ordinary temperatures, but is slowly dis- 
 solved therein on boiling. Scarcely at all acted 
 upon by cold dilute sulphuric acid. Very easily 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid, either dilute or concen- 
 trated, but especially in concentrated. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of sodium. (Deville, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 14.) Soluble in alka- 
 line solutions. (Wcehler.) Only slightly acted 
 upon by cold, but is dissolved by hot acetic acid. 
 Most compounds of aluminum are soluble in 
 water. 
 
 AMALIC ACID. Vid. A'MethylAlloxantin. 
 AMANILIN. Vid. AmylAnilin. 
 
 AMANITIN (from Amanita muscaria, &c. ). Very 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 Soluble in acids and in alkaline solutions. (Tellier.) 
 
 AMARERYTHRIN. Easily soluble in water ; 
 (Erythrin Bitter.) i ess soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 o 22 Hj 3 14 in ether. (Heeren, Kane.) 
 
 AMARERYTHRIN with LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 22 H 14 O 14 ,2PbO 
 
 AMARIN. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 (Benzolin. Picramin.) (Inomeric in boiling, less solu- 
 vritk Hydrobenzamid.) b j e in cold a l cohol . 
 
 C 42 H 18 N 2 = N 2 j g* u ^a yery easily soluble 
 
 in ether. The salt? 
 
 of amarin, excepting the acetate, are but sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Laurent, Fownes.) 
 
 AMARONE. Insoluble in water. Very spar- 
 C 32 H n N ingly soluble in alcohol ; somewhat more 
 readily soluble in ether. Soluble in hot, 
 less soluble in cold naphtha. Sparingly soluble 
 in hot, less , soluble in cold nitric acid. Soluble 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric acid without de- 
 composition. (Laurent.) 
 
 AMARYL (of Laurent). Vid. Nitrate of Lo- 
 phin. 
 AMARYTHRIN. Vid. AmarErythrin. 
 
AMMELIN. 
 
 29 
 
 AMASATIN. Vid. Isamid. 
 
 AMBER. Water dissolves out a little succinic 
 (Sucdniim.') acid. Alcohol dissolves about 10% 
 of a soft resin, besides any succinic 
 acid which may be present. Ether and the fatty 
 and essential oils also dissolve only a small por- 
 tion of it. But it is soluble in oil of turpentine, 
 and alcohol, when heated with either of these in a 
 sealed tube. 
 
 Only slightly soluble in hot oil of amber (" am- 
 bereupion"). (Dcepping.) Completely soluble, 
 with decomposition, in concentrated sulphuric or 
 nitric acid. Alkaline solutions dissolve it with 
 the exception of a peculiar bituminous matter, 
 called succinin by John. According to Pelletier 
 & Walter (Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1843, (3.) 9. 89), 
 amber furnishes, when distilled, 
 
 I. Oils. 
 
 II. A yellowish substance ; insoluble in water 
 or cold alcohol. Scarcely soluble in boiling alco- 
 hol, or in ether. Unacted upon by cold, but solu- 
 ble in warm concentrated sulphuric acid. (Loc. 
 cit., pp. 94, 95.) [Pelletier & Walter regard this 
 substance as identical with Laurent's Chrysene.] 
 
 III. A white substance, SUCCISTKRENE, q. v. 
 
 AMBERGRIS. Consists principally of Ambrein, 
 q. v. Ambergris is insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, more readily soluble in hot alco- 
 hol. Readily soluble in ether, and the volatile 
 oils. Feebly acted upon by acids, excepting nitric 
 acid. 
 
 AMBREIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. The 
 alkaline salts of ambreic acid are readily soluble 
 in water, but the others are only sparingly soluble 
 or insoluble. 
 
 AMBREIN (from Ambergris). Insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in hot, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Readily soluble in ether, and in the fatty and es- 
 sential oils. 
 
 AMIDANISIC ACID. Vid. Anisamic Acid. 
 
 AMID. Hypothetical. 
 NH 
 
 ACID. Vid. Picramic 
 Acid. 
 
 AMIDOBENZOIC ACID. Vid. Benzamic Acid. 
 Bt'AMiDoBENZoic ACID. Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 ( Oxide of Benzicylbiamid.) ether, 
 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 4 =C 14 H 7 N 2 8 , HO, or N 2 { ^" H *2" j o 2 and, 
 
 with 
 especial ease, in water. (Voit.) 
 
 AM IDC-CHLORIDE OF MERCURY. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Mercurammonium. 
 
 AMIDOCHRYSAMMIC ACID. Vid. Chrysam- 
 midic Acid. 
 
 Vid. Cuminamic Acid. 
 
 ACID. Soluble in water. 
 C 20 H 14 N 2 4 (Boullet.) . 
 
 .BzAMIDOCuMINATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 Bi'AMiDoCuMiNATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 AMiDoHipptiRic ACID. Vid. Hippuramic Acid. 
 
 Z&AMIDOMECONIC ACID. Difficultly soluble in 
 C 14 H 6 N 2 10 = N 2 j & H0 8 "' p H cold water, and 
 < " a in dilute acids. 
 
 Decomposed by caustic alkalies. (How.) 
 
 AMIDONITRANILIN. Vid. NitrAzoPhenyla- 
 min. 
 
 AMiDoNiTRoCiTRACONANiL. Vid. Citracon- 
 AzoPhenylimid. 
 
 AMIDONITROXANIL. Vid. NitrAzoPhenylOx- 
 imid. 
 
 ACID. Vid. NitrAzo- 
 PhenylOxamic Acid. 
 
 AMIDOPHENASE. Fi'rf.f Anilin. 
 AMIDOPHENOL. Vid. Oxide of Anilin. 
 
 AMIDOOXYCHLORIDE OF MERCURY. Vid. 
 
 Chloride of fefraMercurAmmonium. 
 AMIDOPROPIONIC ACID. Vid. Alanin. 
 
 (Amido Sulpha Benzol. 
 Amido Sulpha Benzene.) 
 (Isomeric with, Sulpho- 
 Phenanilid.) 
 C M H 9 (NH,)S,0 4 
 
 C 24 H 8 (NH 2 ) 2 S 2 4 
 uble in alkalies. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, readily soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Readily soluble 
 in alcohol. Soluble in acids 
 with combination. (Ge- 
 ricke, Ann. Ch. u. PJiarm., 
 1OO. 210.) 
 
 Readily soluble in 
 boiling, sparingly soluble in 
 cold water, or alcohol. Insol- 
 Soluble in acids with combina- 
 tion. (Gericke, loc. cit.) 
 
 AMiDoSuLPHoBfiNzoic ACID. Easily soluble 
 
 C 14 H 7 N S 2 10 = N I H * 2 ". 0, HO, 2 S 3 in h( >t wa- 
 ' 2 ter, less 
 
 soluble in spirit. Scarcely at all soluble in ether. 
 Very easily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 AMIDOSULPHOBENZOYL. Vid. SulphoBenza- 
 mid. 
 
 AMIDULIN. Easily and completely soluble in 
 hot water. (Schulze.) 
 
 AMiNixRoPHENic ACID. Vid. NitroPhena- 
 mic Acid. 
 
 AMi&t'NiTRoPHENic ACID. Vid. Picramic 
 Acid. 
 
 AMISATIN. Insoluble in water. Almost in- 
 CggHagNnOjg soluble in alcohol. Soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol containing a little pot- 
 ash in solution. (Laurent.) 
 
 AMMELID. Completely insoluble in all neutral 
 
 _ f(C 2 2 ") 2 solvents, like water, alco- 
 
 C 6 H 4 N 4 4 = N 3 ^ OjN j lol> Qr etner> E as iiy so i. 
 
 uble in acids, as sulphu- 
 ric, nitric, and chlorhydric acids, with decomposi- 
 tion on boiling ; and still more easily in an aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash, especially if this be hot. 
 Ammonia-water dissolves only an insignificant 
 quantity, and acetic acid no trace of it. (Knapp, 
 Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 244.) 
 
 AMMELID with OXIDE OF SILVER. Vid. Ar- 
 gent Ammelid. 
 
 AMMELIDE sulfur^. Vid. SulphoMellonic Acid. 
 
 . AMMELIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 
 c C 2 0," ether. Soluble in solutions 
 
 C 8 H 5 N s 2 = N 3 ^ (C 2 N) 2 Q f t jj e C a Us tic alkalies, from 
 
 which it is precipitated by 
 
 acetic acid, chloride of ammonium, or carbonate of 
 ammonia. Easily soluble in most acids, with 
 combination. Most of its acid solutions are par- 
 tially decomposed by water. 
 
 AMMELIN with OXIDE OF SILVER. Vid. Ar- 
 gent Ammelin. 
 
 Ammeline anilique. Vid. PhenylAmmelin. 
 
30 
 
 AMMONIA. 
 
 AMMOLIX (of Unverdorben). Soluble in 200 
 
 (Probably a mixture of pts. of cold, and 40 pts. of 
 Lutidm and Colliding boiljng water Soluble in 
 
 all proportions in alcohol, and ether. (Unver- 
 dorben.) 
 
 AMMONIA. Soluble in water with great evolu- 
 (VoiatUe alkali.) tion of heat; at + 10, under a 
 3 pressure of 29.8 inches water ab- 
 
 sorbs at the most 670 vols. nearly half its 
 weight of ammonia (NHs). The sp. gr. of 
 the solution obtained is 0.875. (J. Davy.) At 
 lower temperatures water absorbs more than its 
 weight, the sp. gr. falling to 0.850. (Dalton.) 
 At 24, 100 pts. of water absorb 8.41 pts. of it, and 
 at 55, 5.96 pts. of it. (Osann.) Water can take 
 up 780 times its volume, 6 measures of the water 
 becoming 10 measures of saturated solution of 
 ammonia, and 1 vol. of water saturated with the 
 gas containing 468 vols. of N H 3 . (T. Thomp- 
 son, in his System of Chem., London, 1831, 1. 
 140.) 100 vols. of water at 15 absorb 450 vols", 
 i. e. 1 pt. water absorbs J pt. of ammonia. (Du- 
 mas.) At ordinary temperatures 1 vol. of water 
 absorbs about 700 vols. of ammonia. (Ot'to- 
 Graham.) 100 pts. of water placed in an atmos- 
 phere of ammonia gas, between and 15 absorb 
 47.7 pts. (by weight) of it. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 
 108 ) 1 measure of water by absorbing 505 meas- 
 ures of ammonia is increased to 1.5 measures ; the 
 solution is of 0.900 sp. gr. (Ure.) 
 
 1vol. of 
 ter under a 
 
 1vol. ofwa- 
 
 ter under a 
 " 
 
 ... 
 
 mercury. 
 . 1049.60 
 
 1 
 
 1020.78 
 
 2 
 
 993.26 
 
 3 
 
 966.98 
 
 4 
 
 941.88 
 
 5 
 
 917.90 
 
 6 
 
 894.99 
 
 7 
 
 873.09 
 
 8 
 
 852.14 
 
 9 
 
 831.98 
 
 10 
 
 812.76 
 
 11 
 12 . 
 
 794.32 
 776.60 
 
 pressure of fc"M pressure of ' S ' ** 
 
 Om.76ofmer- toOandOm.,6 O m.76ofmer- toOandOm.<6 
 
 cury at C. Pressure of u ^ m pressure of 
 
 i.,Mi'/inf^ j mercury. 
 
 13 759.55 
 
 14 743.11 
 
 15 727.22 
 
 16 711.82 
 
 17 696.85 
 
 18 682.26 
 
 19 667.99 
 
 20 653.99 
 
 21 640.19 
 
 22 626.54 
 
 23 612.98 
 
 24 599.46 
 
 25 585.94 
 
 (Carius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1856, 99. p. 144, 
 and fig. ; also in Bunsen's Gasometry, pp.289, 128, 
 169.) [Compare the memoir of Roscoe & Ditt- 
 mar, loc. inf. cit.] 
 
 1 pt. by weight of water, under a pressure of 
 
 Om. 760 of mercury, 
 
 Dissolves Dissolves Dissolves 
 
 At C. pts. of At C. pts. of At C. pts. of 
 
 NH 3 . NH 3 . NH 3 . 
 
 . . 0.899 34 . . 0.378 68 . . 0.202 
 
 2 0.853 36 0.363 70 0.194 
 
 4 0.809 38 0.350 72 0.186 
 
 6 0.765 40 0338 74 0.178 
 
 8 0.724 42 0.326 76 0.170 
 
 10 0.684 44 0.315 78 0.162 
 
 12 0.646 46 0.304 80 0.154 
 
 14 0.611 48 0.294 82 0.146 
 
 16 0.578 50 0.284 84 0.138 
 
 18 0.546 52 0.274 86 0.130 
 
 20 0.518 54 0.265 88 0.122 
 
 22 0.490 56 0.256 90 0.114 
 
 24 0.467 58 0.247 92 0.106 
 
 26 0.446 60 0238 94 0.098 
 
 28 0.426 62 0.229 96 0.090 
 
 30 0.408 64 0.220 98 0.082 
 
 32 . . 0.393 66 . . 0211 100 . . 0.074 
 
 (Sims, Ann. Ch. . Pharm:, 1861, 118. 348.) 
 
 Solubility o/N H 3 in Water at 0, at various pressures. By 
 experiment. 
 
 a g S +!*;$ I 2ga +:*.$ .4 1,3.2 5 
 
 $3<3 *SSfc 1=3 **K ^SiSll Sb 
 
 0.018 . . 0.074 0.753. . 0.870 . . . 0:875 0.904 . 
 
 0.097 0.274 0.759 0.869 0.869 0.912 
 
 0.241 "0.463 0.759 0.882 0.883 1.261 
 
 0.268 0.478 0.761 0.877 0.876 1.264 
 
 0.452 0.652 0.762 0.864 0.863 1.266 
 
 0.707 0.845 0.763 0.889 0.887 1281 
 
 0.712.. 0.855 0.763 0.878 0.876 1.9(iO 
 
 0.769.. 0.891 ... 0.885 1.963 
 
 From these determinations the following 
 was obtained by interpolation. 
 
 *>' S* J 33 
 5"oi2; 
 . 0.955 
 0.994 
 1.292 
 1.268 
 1.248 
 1.290 
 2.134 
 2.137 
 table 
 
 Ei 
 
 P" (H 
 
 S ~ 
 
 
 ^=o So , f O 
 &^ a >- a! "c, ^ o 
 
 psa rt <ss pss r-'sti PS --s-s. pa %S 
 
 0.00.. 0.000 0.25.. 0.465 0.85.. 0.937 1.45.. 1.469 
 0.01 0.044 0.30 0.515 0.90 0.968 1.50 1.526 
 0.02 0.084 0.35 0.661 0.95 1.001 1.55 1.584 
 0.03 0.120 0.40 0.607 1.00 1.037 1.60 1.645 
 0.04 0.149 0.45 0.646 1.05 1.075 1.65 1.707 
 0.05 0.175 0.50 0.690 1.10 1.117 1-70 1.770 
 0.75 0.228 0.55 0.731 1.15 1.161 1.75 1.835 
 0.100 0.275 0.60 0.768 1.20 1.208 1.80 1.906 
 0.125 0.315 0.65 0.804 1.25 1.258 1.85 1.976 
 0.150 0.351 0.70 0.840 1.30 1.310 1.90 2.046 
 0.175 0.382 0.75 0.872 1.35 1.361 1.95 2.120 
 0.200. .0.411 0.80. . 0.906 1.40 . . 1.415 2.00. . 2.195 
 (Roscoe & Dittmar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 112. 
 p. 353, and fig.) From this it appears that the 
 amount of N Hs absorbed by water at is not di- 
 rectly proportional to the pressure. A result dif- 
 ferent from that at which Carius arrived. For 
 Roscoe and Dittmar's explanation of this discrep- 
 ancy, see their memoir, p. 349. 
 
 Solubility of N H 3 in Water at a constant pressure, the 
 temperatures varying. 
 
 At the observed 
 
 Height of Bar. Temperature. ^^ *f^ H"" 
 
 0.760 0.0 ...... 0.875 
 
 0.766 6.2 0.756 
 
 0.749 6.9 0.723 
 
 0.749 6.9 0.726 
 
 0.742 15.4 0.586 
 
 0.755 15.4 0.589 
 
 0.744 24.1 0.465 
 
 0.751 24.1 0471 
 
 0.768 35.3 0.350 
 
 0.760 35.3 0.354 
 
 0.768 54.2 0.202 
 
 From these results the following provisional table 
 
 has been constructed. 
 
 .... 0.875 30 .... 0.403 
 
 2 0.833 32 0.382 
 
 4 0.792 34 0.362 
 
 6 0.751 36 0.343 
 
 8 0.713 38 0.324 
 
 10 0.679 40 0.307 
 
 12 0.645 42 0.290 
 
 14 0.612 44 0.275 
 
 16 0.582 46 0.259 
 
 18 0.554 48 0.244 
 
 20 0.526 50 0.229 
 
 22 v 0.499 52 0.214 
 
 24 0.474 54 0.200 
 
 26 0.449 56 .... 0.186 
 
 28 .... 0.426 
 
 (Roscoe & Dittmar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 
 112. p. 354, and fig.) 
 
AMMONIA. 
 
 31 
 
 Solubility of Ammonia in Water at various Pressures, by Experiment. 
 
 AtO. At 20. At 40. At 100. 
 
 P. G at P. Gat 760mm. p. Gat P. Gat 760mm. p. G at P. 
 
 Gat 760mm. P. Gat P. Gat 760mm. 
 
 20.7.. 0.084.. 3.101 45.5 ..0100 .. 1.666 75.8. .0.050. 
 
 0.497 688.4.. 0.067 . 
 
 . 0.074 
 
 97.0 0.274 2.147 206.1 0.263 0.871 184.3 0.112 
 
 0.461 1078.0 0.104 
 
 0.073 
 
 241.0 0.463 1.460 735.4 0.508 0.525 701,1 0.322 
 
 0.349 1419.0.. 0.135 . 
 
 . 0.073 
 
 452.0 0.652 1096 1525.0 0.811 0.404 1599.0 0.522 
 
 0.248 
 
 
 749.6 0.888 0.900 2076.0 .. 1.018 .. ; 373 2129.0 . .0.599 . 
 
 0.241 
 
 
 757.7 0.900 0.903 
 
 
 
 1963.0. .2.137 .. 0.827 
 
 
 
 From these results the following table was obtained by interpolation : 
 
 AtO. At 20. At 40. At 100. 
 
 P. G at P. G at 760. G at P. G at 760. G at P. 
 
 G at 760. G at P. 
 
 Gat 760. 
 
 20 ... 0.082 . . . 3.113 
 
 
 
 30 0.117 2.960 
 
 
 
 40 0.148 2.820 
 
 
 
 60 0.199 2.522 . . . 0.119 . . . 1.513 
 
 
 
 80 0.240 2.280 0.141 1.337 . . . 0.052 . 
 
 . . 0.497 
 
 
 100 0.280 2.127 0.158 1.200 0.064 
 
 0.490 
 
 
 120 0.316 2.000 0.173 1.095 0.076 
 
 0483 
 
 
 140 0.346 1.880 0.187 1.017 0.088 
 
 0.476 
 
 
 160 0.375 1.780 0.202 0.962 0.099 
 
 0.470 
 
 
 180 0.398 1.684 0.217 0.918 0.109 
 
 0.462 
 
 
 200 0.421 1.598 0.232 0.881 0.120 
 
 0.455 
 
 
 250 0.472 1.434 0.266 0810 0.145 
 
 0.440 
 
 
 300 0.519 1315 0.296 0.750 0.168 
 
 0.426 
 
 
 350 0.563 1.223 0.325 0.705 0.191 
 
 0.414 
 
 
 400 0.606 1.152 0.353 0.670 0.211 
 
 0.402 
 
 
 450 0.650 1.100 0.378 0638 0.232 
 
 0.392 
 
 
 500 0.692 1.052 0403 0.612 0.251 
 
 0.382 
 
 
 550 0.732 1.012 0.425 0.587 0.269 
 
 0.372 
 
 
 600 0.770 0.975 0.447 0.566 0.287 
 
 0.363 
 
 
 650 0.809 0.946 0.470 0.550 0.304 
 
 0.355 
 
 
 700 0850 0.923 0.492 0.534 0.320 
 
 0.347 . . . 0.068 . 
 
 . . 0.074 
 
 750 0.891 0.903 0.514 0.521 0.335 
 
 0.339 0.073 
 
 0.074 
 
 760 0.899 0.899 0.518 0518 0.838 
 
 0.338 0.074 
 
 0.074 
 
 800 0.937 0.888 0.535 508 0.349 
 
 0.332 0.078 
 
 0.074 
 
 850 0.980 0.876 0.556 0.497 0.363 
 
 0.325 0.083 
 
 0.074 
 
 900 1.029 0.869 0.574 0.485 0.378 
 
 0.319 0.088 
 
 0.074 
 
 950 1.077 0.862 0.594 0.475 0.391 
 
 0.313 0.092 
 
 0.073 
 
 1000 1.126 855 0.613 0.466 0.404 
 
 307 0.096 
 
 0.073 
 
 1050 1.177 0.852 0.632 0.457 0.414 
 
 0.300 0.101 
 
 0.073 
 
 1100 1.230 0.850 0.651 0.450 0.425 
 
 0.294 0.106 
 
 0.073 
 
 1150 1.283 0.848 0.669 0.442 0.434 
 
 0.287 0.110 
 
 0.073 
 
 1200 1.336 0.846 0.685 0.433 0.445 
 
 0.282 0.115 
 
 0.073 
 
 1250 1.388 0.844 0.704 0.428 0.454 
 
 0.276 0.120 
 
 0.073 
 
 1300 1.442 0.843 0.722 0.422 0.463 
 
 0.271 0.125 
 
 0.073 
 
 1350 1.496 0.842 0.741 0.417 0.472 
 
 0.266 0.130 
 
 0.073 
 
 1400 .1.549 0.841 0.761 0.413 0.479 
 
 0.260 . . . 0.135 . 
 
 . . 0.073 
 
 1450 1.603 0.840 0.780 0409 0.486 
 
 0.255 
 
 
 1500 1.656 0.839 0.801 0.406 0.493 
 
 0.250 
 
 
 1600 1.758 0.835 0.842 0.400 0.511 
 
 0.242 
 
 
 1700 1.861 0.832 0.881 0.394 0.530 
 
 0.237 
 
 
 1800 1.966 0.830 0.919 0.388 0.547 
 
 0.231 
 
 
 1900 . . . 2.070 . . . 0.828 . . . 0.955 0382 0.565 
 
 0.226 
 
 
 2000 0.992 . . . 0.377 . . . 0.579 
 
 0.220 
 
 
 2100 0.594 . 
 
 . . 0.215 
 
 
 P = " Partial pressure," t. e. the total pres- An aqueous so- 
 
 Contains An aqueous so- 
 
 Contains 
 
 sure, minus the tension of aqueous vapor at the lutionofsp.gr. 
 given temperature. G = weight of N H 3 , in " 
 
 per cent lutionofsp.gr. 
 ofNH 3 . (at 14), 
 
 per cent 
 of N H s . 
 
 grammes, which is dissolved in 1 gramme of 0.8844 . . 
 
 . 36.0 0.8898 . . 
 
 . 33.4 
 
 water at the pressure P. (Sims, Ann. Ch. u. 8848 
 
 35.8 0.8903 
 
 33.2 
 
 Pharm., 1861, 118. p. 346 and fig.) 
 
 35.6 0.8907 
 
 33.0 
 
 In proportion as the temperature is higher, so 0.8856 
 
 35.4 0.8911 
 
 32.8 
 
 much the more nearly does the solubility of N H, 0.8860 
 
 35.2 0.8916 
 
 32.6 
 
 in water conform to the law of Henry & Dalton, 0.8864 
 
 35.0 0.8920 
 
 32.4 
 
 but only obeys it completely when the tempera- 0.8868 
 ture has reached 100. (Sims, loc. cit., p. 348.) 0.8872 
 
 34.8 0.8925 
 34.6 0.8929 
 
 32.2 
 32.0 
 
 0.8877 
 
 34.4 0.8934 
 
 31.8 
 
 0.8881 
 
 34.2 0.8938 
 
 31.6 
 
 0.8885 
 
 34.0 0.8934 
 
 31.4 
 
 0.8889 
 
 33.8 0.8948 
 
 31.2 
 
 0.8894 . 
 
 . 33.6 0.8953 . . 
 
 . 31.0 
 
32 
 
 AMMONIA. 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains An aqueous so- Contains 
 
 lution of sp.gr. 
 
 per cent 
 
 lution of sp.gr. 
 
 per cent 
 
 lutionofsp.gr. per cent lutionofsp.gr. per cent 
 
 (at 14;, 
 
 of N H 3 . 
 
 (at 14), 
 
 of N H 3 . 
 
 (at 14), of N H 3 . (at 14), of N H 3 . 
 
 0.8957 . . 
 
 . 30.8 
 
 0.9366 . . 
 
 . 16.4 
 
 0.9915 ... 2.0 0.9959 .... 1.0 
 
 0.8962 
 
 30.6 
 
 0.9373 
 
 16.2 
 
 0.9924 1.8 0.9967 0.8 
 
 0.8967 
 
 30.4 
 
 0.9380 
 
 16.0 
 
 0.9932 1.6 0.9975 0.6 
 
 0.8971 
 
 30.2 
 
 0.9386 
 
 15.8 
 
 0.9941 1.4 0.9983 0.4 
 
 0.8976 
 
 30.0 
 
 0.9393 
 
 15.6 
 
 0.9950 ... 1.2 0.9991 ... .02 
 
 0.8981 
 
 29.8 
 
 0.9400 . 
 
 15.4 
 
 * (Carius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1856, 99. 
 
 0.8986 
 
 29.6 
 
 0.9407 
 
 15.2 
 
 pp. 164, 163, 148.) 
 
 0.8991 
 0.8996 
 
 29.4 
 29.2 
 
 0.9414 
 0.9420 
 
 15.0 
 14.8 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 solution of per cent solution of per cent 
 
 0.9001 
 
 29.0 
 
 0.9427 
 
 14.6 
 
 sp. gr. (at of dry sp. gr. (at of dry 
 
 0.9006 
 
 28.8 
 
 0.9434 
 
 14.4 
 
 16 C.) NH 3 . 16 C.) NH 3 . 
 
 0.901 1 
 
 28.6 
 
 0.9441 
 
 14.2 
 
 0.9517 . . . 12.000 0.9650 . . . 8.500 
 
 0.9016 
 
 28.4 
 
 0.9449 
 
 14.0 
 
 0.9521 11.875 0.9654 8.375 
 
 0.9021 
 
 28.2 
 
 0.9456 
 
 13.8 
 
 0.9526 11.750 0.9659 8.250 
 
 0.9026 
 
 28.0 
 
 0.9463 
 
 13.6 
 
 0.9531 11.625 6.9664 8.125 
 
 0.9031 
 
 27.8 
 
 0.9470 
 
 13.4 
 
 0.9536 11.500 0.9669 8.000 
 
 0.9036 
 
 27.6 
 
 0.9477 
 
 13.2 
 
 0.9540 11.375 0.9673 7.875 
 
 0.9041 
 
 27.4 
 
 0.9484 
 
 13.0 
 
 0.9545 11.250 0.9678 7.750 
 
 0.9047 
 
 27.2 
 
 0.9491 
 
 12.8 
 
 0.9550 11.125 0.9683 7.625 
 
 0.9052 
 
 27.0 
 
 0.9498 
 
 12.6 
 
 0.9555 11.000 0.9688 7.500 
 
 0.9057 
 
 26.8 
 
 0.9505 
 
 12.4 
 
 0.9556 10.950 0.9692 7.375 
 
 0.9063 
 
 26.6 
 
 0.9512 
 
 12.2 
 
 0.9559 10.875 0.9697 7.250 
 
 0.9068 
 
 26.4 
 
 0.9520 
 
 12.0 
 
 0.9564 10.750 0.9702 7.125 
 
 0.9073 
 
 26.2 
 
 0.9527 
 
 11.8 
 
 0.9569 10.625 0.9707 7.000 
 
 0.9078 
 
 26.0 
 
 0.9534 
 
 11.6 
 
 0.9574 10.500 0.9711 6.875 
 
 0.9083 
 
 25.8 
 
 0.9542 
 
 11.4 
 
 0.9578 10.375 0.9716 6.750 
 
 0.9089 
 
 25.6 
 
 0.9549 
 
 11.2 
 
 0.9583 10.250 0.9721 6.625 
 
 0.9094 
 
 25.4 
 
 0.9556 
 
 11.0 
 
 0.9588 10.125 0.9726 6.500 
 
 0.9100 
 
 25.2 
 
 0.9563 
 
 10.8 
 
 0.9593 10.000 0.9730 6.375 
 
 0.9106 
 
 25.0 
 
 0.9571 
 
 10.6 
 
 0.9597 9.875 0.9735 6.250 
 
 0.9111 
 
 24.8 
 
 0.9578 
 
 10.4 
 
 0.9602 9.750 0.9740 6.125 
 
 0.9116 
 
 24.6 
 
 0.9586 
 
 10.2 
 
 0.9607 9.625 0.9745 6.000 
 
 0.9122 
 
 24.4 
 
 0.9593 
 
 10.0 
 
 0.9612 9.500 0.9749 5.875 
 
 0.9127 
 
 24.2 
 
 0.9601 
 
 9.8 
 
 0.9616 9.375 0.9754 5.750 
 
 0.9133 
 
 24.0 
 
 0.9608 
 
 9.6 
 
 0.9621 9.250 0.9759 5.625 
 
 0.9139 
 
 23.8 
 
 0.9616 
 
 9.4 
 
 0.9626 9.125 0.9764 5.500 
 
 0.9145 
 
 23.6 
 
 0.9623 
 
 9.2 
 
 0.9631 9.000 0.9768 5.375 
 
 0:9 150 
 
 23.4 
 
 0.9631 
 
 9.0 
 
 0.9636 8.875 0.9773 5.250 
 
 0.9156 
 
 23.2 
 
 0.9639 
 
 8.8 
 
 0.9641 8.750 0.9778 5.125 
 
 0.9162 
 
 23.0 
 
 . 0.9647 
 
 8.6 
 
 0.9645 . . . 8.625 0.9783 . . . 5.000 
 
 0.9168 
 
 22.8 
 
 0.9654 
 
 8.4 
 
 (Otto, in his Lehrbucli.) 
 
 0.9174 
 
 22.6 
 
 0.9662 
 
 8.2 
 
 Contains Contains 
 
 0.9180 
 
 22.4 
 
 0.9670 
 
 8.0 
 
 An aqueous so- per cent An aqueous so- per cent 
 
 0.9185 
 
 22.2 
 
 0.9677 
 
 7.8 
 
 lution of sp.gr. by weight lution of sp.gr. by weight 
 
 0.9191 
 
 22.0 
 
 0.9685 
 
 7.6 
 
 ofNH s . ofNH 3 . 
 
 0.9197 
 
 21.8 
 
 0.9693 
 
 7.4 
 
 0.8914 . . . 27.940 0.9363 . . . 15.900 
 
 0.9203 
 
 21.6 
 
 0.9701 
 
 7.2 
 
 0.8937 27.633 0.9410 14.575 
 
 0.9209 
 
 21.4 
 
 0.9709 
 
 7.0 
 
 0.8967 27.038 0.9455 13.250 
 
 0.9215 
 
 21.2 
 
 0.9717 
 
 6.8 
 
 0.8983 26.751 0.9510 11.925 
 
 0.9221 
 
 21.0 
 
 0.9725 
 
 6.6 
 
 0.9000 26.500 0.9564 10.600 
 
 0.9227 
 
 20.8 
 
 0.9733 
 
 6.4 
 
 0.9045 25.175 0.9614 9.275 
 
 0.9233 
 
 20.6 
 
 0.9741 
 
 6.2 
 
 0.9090 23.850 0.9662 7.950 
 
 0.9239 
 
 20.4 
 
 0.9749 
 
 6.0 
 
 0.9133 22.525 0.9716 6.625 
 
 0.9245 
 
 20.2 
 
 0.9757 
 
 5.8 
 
 0.9177 21.200 0.9768 5.300 
 
 0.9251 
 
 20.0 
 
 0.9765 
 
 5.6 
 
 0.9227 19.875 0.9828 3.975 
 
 0.9257 
 
 19.8 
 
 0.9773 
 
 5.4 
 
 0.9275 18.550 0.9887 2.650 
 
 0.9264 
 
 19.6 
 
 0.9781 
 
 5.2 
 
 0.9320 . . . 17.225 0.9945 . . . 1.325 
 
 0.9271 
 0.9277 
 
 19.4 
 19.2 
 
 0.9790 
 0.9799 
 
 5.0 
 
 4.8 
 
 (Ure, in his Diet, of Arts, p. 63.) 
 
 0.9283 
 0.9289 
 
 19.0 
 18.8 
 
 0.9807 
 0.9815 
 
 4.6 
 4.4 
 
 Contains Vol. of gas 
 An aqueous per cent Boilins? noint condensed 
 solution of by weight Q f tne IJQ^^ in a given 
 
 0.9296 
 
 18.6 
 
 0.9823 
 
 4.2 
 
 sp. gr. of vol. of 
 
 0.9302 
 
 18.4 
 
 0.9831 
 
 4.0 
 
 Ammonia. liquid. 
 
 0.9308 
 
 18.2 
 
 0.9839 
 
 3.8 
 
 0.85 .... 35.3 ... 3.3 494 
 
 0.9314 
 
 18.0 
 
 0.9847 
 
 3.6 
 
 0.86 32.6 -f3.3 456 
 
 0.9321 
 
 17.8 
 
 0.9855 
 
 3.4 
 
 0.87 29.9 10 419 
 
 0.9327 
 
 17.6 
 
 0.9863 
 
 3.2 
 
 0.88 27.3 16.6 382 
 
 0.9333 
 
 17.4 
 
 0.9873 
 
 3.0 
 
 0.89 24.7 23.3 346 
 
 0.9340 
 
 17.2 
 
 0.9882 
 
 2.8 
 
 0.90 22.2 30 311 
 
 0.9347 
 
 17.0 
 
 0.9890 
 
 2.6 
 
 0.91 19.8 36.6 277 
 
 0.9353 
 
 16.8 
 
 0.9899 
 
 2.4 
 
 0.92 17.4 43.3 244 
 
 0.9360 . . 
 
 . 16.6 
 
 0.9907 . . 
 
 . 2.2 
 
 0.93 .... 15.1 50 211 
 
AMMONIO COMPOUNDS. 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 solution of 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 0.94 . . 
 
 0.95 
 
 0.96 
 
 0.97 
 
 0.98 
 
 0.99 . . 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 
 by weight 
 of 
 
 Ammonia. 
 
 . 12.8 . . 
 10.5 
 8.3 
 6.2 
 4.1 
 2.0 . 
 
 Boiling-point 
 of the liquid. 
 
 . . . 56.6 . . 
 63.3 
 70 
 78.3 
 86.1 
 . .91.1 . 
 
 Vol. of gas 
 condensed 
 in a given 
 vol. of the 
 liquid. 
 
 . . 180 
 147 
 116 
 
 87 
 57 
 28 
 
 (Dalton, in his New System, Pt. 2. p. 422.; 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 0.8750 . 
 0.8857 
 0.9000 
 0.9054 
 0.9166 
 0.9255 
 0.9326 
 0.9385 . 
 (H. Davy, 
 Handbook. 
 
 Ammonia 
 per cent. 
 
 . . 32.3* 
 29.25 
 26 
 
 25.37* 
 22.07 
 19.54 
 17.52 
 
 . . 15.88 
 
 Elements, 1. 
 
 , 2. 425.) 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 0.9435 . 
 0.9476 
 0.9513 
 0.9545 
 0.9573 
 0.9597 
 0.9616 
 0.9632 . 
 241 ; cited 
 
 Ammonia 
 per cent. 
 
 . . 14.53 
 13.46 
 12.40 
 11.56 
 10.82 
 10.17 
 
 9.6 
 . 9.5* 
 
 by Gmelin, 
 
 The aqueous 
 solution satu- 
 rated at C 
 
 Is of 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 . . 0.8535 
 0.8561 
 
 0.8587 
 0.8611 
 0.8635 
 0.8658 
 0.8681 
 0.8703 
 0.8725 
 0.8746 
 0.8766 
 0.8785 
 . . 0.8804 
 
 The aqueous 
 solution satu- 
 rated at C 
 
 13 ... 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 Is of 
 sp.gr. 
 
 0.8823 
 0.8841 
 0.8858 
 0.8874 
 0.8889 
 0.8903 
 0.8916 
 0.8928 
 0.8940 
 0.8952 
 0.8963 
 0.8974 
 0.8984 
 
 (Carius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1856, 99. 141.) 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of alcohol, of 38 B. (Boul- 
 lay.) 1 vol. of alcohol of 0.829 sp.gr. absorbs 
 about 50 vols. of ammonia ; this is expelled when 
 the solution is gently heated. (J. Davy.) Read- 
 Hy soluble in ether. 
 
 Soluble in 0.4 vol. of rock-oil from Amiano. 
 (De Saussure.) 
 
 I vol. of oil of turpentine absorbs 7.25 vols. of 
 it at 16 ; 1 vol. of oil of lemons absorbs 8.5 vols. 
 of it at 16 ; 1 vol. of oil of rosemary absorbs 9.75 
 vols; of it at 29 ; 1 vol. of oil of lavender absorbs 
 47 vols. of it at 20. (Saussure.) 1 vol. of caout- 
 chin absorbs 3 vols. of it. (Himly.) Valerol ab- 
 sorbs much of it. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 7. 278.) 
 
 AMMONIAALUM. Vid. Sulphate of Alumina 
 & of Ammonia. 
 
 AMMONIA X OF Y. Vid. Ammonia X of Y. 
 
 AMMONIA with IODINE. Soluble, with decom- 
 NH 3 I position, in water. Keadily soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Millon, Bineau.) 
 
 AMMONIA with SULPHURIC ACID. Vid. Sul- 
 phatnid. 
 
 AMMONIA with SULPHUROUS ACID. Vid. Sul- 
 phtlrylamin. 
 
 AMMONIAC, Gum. See under RESINS. 
 
 AMMONioAcETATB OF COPPER. Efflorescent. 
 (Coulon.) 
 
 * By direct experiment. The other numbers were ob- 
 tained by calculation, making no allowance for the conden- 
 sation which occurs when ammonia-water is diluted. 
 
 AMMONIOACETATE OF MERCURY. Vid. Ace- 
 
 tate of Mercurammonium. 
 
 AMMONIOARSENITE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 4 N H s , 2 Ag 0, As 3 water or alcohol. ( Girard. ) 
 
 AMMONIOAZOPHOSPHATE OF IRON (FC 2 Os). 
 
 Very soluble in water. (Gladstone.) 
 
 AMMONIOBROMATE OF CADMIUM. Decom- 
 3NH 3 ,2(CdO,Br0 5 ) posed by water. (Rammels- 
 
 berg.) 
 
 AMMONIOBROMATE OF COBALT (?) Deliques- 
 7NH S . Co 2 3 ,6Br0 6 + 12AcL cent. Soluble in water. 
 ( Ramrnelsberg.) 
 
 AMMONIOBROMATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 AMMONiosesgro'BROMiDE OF COBALT. Soluble 
 3 Co 2 3 , 2 Co 2 Br 3 , 15 N H 3 + 20 Aq (?) in water. ( Ram- 
 
 melsberg.) 
 
 AMMONIOcfrBROMIDE OF COPPER. 
 AMMONIO/WOtoBROMIDE OF COPPER. 
 
 I. ) 5 N H 8 , 2 CuBr Soluble in a small quantity of 
 water, but this solution is de- 
 composed when more water is added ; hydrate of 
 copper being deposited. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 II.) 3NH 3 ,2CuBr Behaves like the preceding 
 with water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 AMMONIOBROMIDE OF CYANOGEN. Vid. Bro- 
 mide of Cyanamin. 
 
 AMMONIOBROMIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Slowly 
 6NH 6 ,3PBr s but completely soluble, with decom- 
 position, in water. 
 
 AMMONIOBROMIDE OF PLATINUM. Vid. Bro- 
 mide of Platinamin. 
 
 AMMONIOBROMIDE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 
 4SrBr,NH 3 (?) water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 AMMONIOBROMOCHLORIDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 2NH 3 , PtClBr Nearly insoluble in cold water. 
 
 AMMONIOCARBONATE OF MERCURY. Insolu- 
 NH,,4HgO, CO. ble in cold water. (Millon, Ann. 
 'Ch.etPhys., (3.) 18. 407.) 
 
 AMMONIOCARBONATE OF SILVER. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. Soluble in ammonia- water, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of absolute 
 alcohol. When this precipitate is washed with 
 alcohol it is slowly decomposed, ammonia being 
 dissolved out. (Berzelius's Lehrb. ) 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 I.) 3KH 3 ,A1 2 C1 S 
 
 II.) NH 3 ,A1 2 C1 3 Soluble, without residue, in wa- 
 ^ter. (H. Rose, Persoz.) 
 
 AMMONIOterCHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY. Not 
 
 NH 3 ,SbCl 3 readily deliquescent. 
 
 MMONiopentaCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY. De- 
 6 N H 3 , Sb C1 5 composed by water. ( Persoz. ) 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF ARSENIC. 
 I.) 2NH 3 ; AsCl 3 Soluble, apparently without 
 decomposition, in water, and 
 alcohol. (Persoz.) 
 
 II.) 4NH 3 ,AsCl 3 Soluble in water; those crys- 
 tals which have formed in al- 
 cohol being especially soluble. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Liebig & Wo3hler.> 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF BORON. Decomposed 
 3NH 3 ,2BC1 3 by water. 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF CALCIUM. Soluble in 
 4NH 3 ,CaCl water, with decomposition, ammonia 
 being evolved. 
 
34 
 
 AMMONIO COMPOUNDS. 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN. Vid. 
 Chloride of CyanWamin. 
 
 AMMONIO/^rotoCHLORIDE OF IRON. DeCOm- 
 
 posed by water. (Faraday.) 
 
 AMMONiosesf/wi'CHLORiDE OF IRON. Deliques- 
 N H 3 , Fe 2 C1 3 ces, but less rapidly than perchloride 
 of iron." Soluble in water, with evolu- 
 tion of heat. (H. Rose.) 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF PALLADIUM. Vid. 
 Chloride of Palladammonium. 
 
 OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 6 N H 3 , P CI 3 ; & 5 N H 3 , P Cl fl Both are insoluble, as 
 such, in water, but are 
 
 slowly decomposed, with solution, by boiling wa- 
 ter. More easily soluble, with decomposition, in 
 acids. Solutions of the fixed caustic alkalies ap- 
 pear to have no action at first, but on boiling de- 
 composition ensues. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 AMMONIOprotoCHLORIDE OF PLATINUM. Vid. 
 
 Chloride of Platin(o(ts)6i'amin. 
 
 AMMONIOfo'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM. Vid. 
 
 Chloride of Platin(tc)6iamin. 
 
 AMMONioses^ro'CiiLORiDE OF RHODIUM. 
 Slightly soluble in water. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF SILICON. Decom- 
 4 N H 3 , Si C1 3 (?) posed by water. (Persoz.) 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF SILVER. 
 
 3 N H 3 , 2 Ag Cl 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 4 N H 3 , Sr Cl 
 
 AMMONIOC?Z'CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR. Perma- 
 2NH 3 , S 2 C1 nent in dry air. Insoluble in water, 
 but is gradually decomposed thereby. 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in absolute alco- 
 hol. If a little water be added to the alcoholic 
 solution, the greater part of the compound will be 
 precipitated, while that which remains in solution 
 will be decomposed as if no alcohol were present. 
 (Mertens, Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 286.) 
 
 AMMONIO/irotoCHLORIDfi OF SULPHUR. 
 
 I.) NH 3 , SCI Soluble in water, with subsequent 
 decomposition. Soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, and in anhydrous ether. (H. Rose, 
 Ibid.) 
 
 II.) 2NH 3 , SCI Decomposed by water. Slight- 
 ly soluble in absolute alcohol, 
 and anhydrous ether. On evaporating these solu- 
 tions, a small portion of it is decomposed. 
 
 The Ammoniochlorides of Sulphur, of Mar- 
 ten & Soubeiran (Cl S, N H 3 ), and of H. Rose 
 (C1S 2 ,NH 3 ), do not exist! (Fordos & Gelis, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1851, (3.) 32. 409.) 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF URANIUM. 
 
 NH s ,3UrCl 
 
 AMMONIOterCHLORIDE OF VANADIUM. 
 
 AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. 
 N H 3 , Zr Cl 
 
 AMMONIOCHLOROXYCARBONIC ACID. Deli- 
 
 2NII 3 , CO 01 quescent. (J. Davy.) Soluble in al- 
 cohol, but insoluble in ether. (Reg- 
 nault.) Decomposed by acids. 
 
 AMMONIOCHROMATE OF COPPER. Easily de- 
 
 5 N H 8 , 3 Cu 0, 2 Or O 3 , 2 HO composes in the air. De- 
 
 composed by water at 
 
 ordinary temperatures. Sparingly soluble, or in- 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, or an aqueous solution 
 of ammonia. (Malaguti & Sarzeau, loc. inf.cit., p. 
 
 434.) Decomposed by hot water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Bcettger.) 
 
 AMMONIoCrANATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 AMMONioprotoCrANiDE OF GOLD. 
 
 AMMONIOCYANIDE OF MERCURY. Soluble in 
 water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 AMMONIoCOBALTlCYANIDE OF COPPER. In- 
 
 2 N H 3 , Cu 3 Co 2 Cy 6 + 5 Aq soluble in water. Decom- 
 posed by acids. 
 
 AMMONIOCOBALTICYANIDE OF NlCKEL. Ll- 
 
 2NII 3 , Ni 3 Co 2 Cy 6 + 7Aq soluble in water. Readily 
 soluble in ammonia-water, 
 from which alcohol precipitates it. (Zwenger.) 
 
 AMMONIoCOBALTlCYANIDE OF SlLVER. In- 
 
 N H 3 , Ag 3 Co 2 Cy -f Aq soluble in water. 
 
 AMMONIOCYANIDE OF X. Vid. Cyanide of 
 .X-ammonium. 
 
 AMMONIOFERRICYANIDE OF NICKEL. Solu- 
 2NH 3 , 3NiCy, Fe 2 Cy s + Aq ble in ammonia-water. 
 (Reynoso, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 254.) 
 
 AMMONIOFERROCYANIDE OF COPPER. Wa- 
 
 4 N H 3 , C 6 N 3 Fe Cu 2 ter decomposes it, dissolving 
 
 out the ammonia. (Vauque- 
 lin.) 
 
 AMMONIOFERROCYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 I.) 2MgCy,FeCy; 2NH 3 Cy,FeCy + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) 7 (2 Mg Cy, Fe Cy) ; 5 (2 N H 3 Cy, Fe Cy)+6'Aq Sol- 
 uble 
 
 in 260 pts. of cold, and in 178 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Bunsen.) 
 
 AMMONIOFERROCYANIDE OF MERCURY. De- 
 NH 3) Hg 2 FeCy 3 + Aq composed by water, and by 
 
 acids. (Bunsen.) 
 
 AMMONIOFERROCYANIDE OF NICKEL. 
 I.) 5NH 3 ,Nij,FeCy 3 + 4Aq Decomposed by boil- 
 ing with water. Also 
 
 decomposed by alkalies and by acids, even weak. 
 (Reynoso, Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 30. 253.) 
 
 II.) " UAmmonio ditto."-' Vid. Ferrocyanide of 
 
 Nickelammonium. 
 
 AMMONIOFLUORIDE OF ARSENIC. Sparingly 
 3NH 3 , As F1 3 soluble in boiling water. (Unver- 
 dorben.) 
 
 AMMONIOFLUORIDE OF BORON. Soluble in 
 1, 2 & 3 N II 3 , with B F1 3 water, with decomposition. 
 
 AMMONIOferFLUORIDE OF ClIROMIUM. 
 
 AMMONIOFLUORIDE OF SILICON. Soluble, 
 2 NH 3 , 2 Si F1 3 with decomposition, in water. (Da- 
 vy.) 
 
 AMMONIOFLUORIDE OF TUNGSTEN. 
 
 AMMONIOHYPOSULPHATE of protoxide OF Co- 
 5NH 3 , CoO, SO 3 BALT. Soluble in ammonia- 
 water, but the solution is decom- 
 posed by evaporation. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 AMMONIOHYPOSULPHATE of sesquioxide OF 
 
 5 N H 3) Co a 3 , 2 S 2 5 COBALT. Partially soluble, 
 
 with decomposition, in water. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 AMMONIO!ODATE OF ZINC. Decomposed by 
 4 N H 3 , 3ZnO, 1 5 water. Soluble in ammonia- 
 water. Alcohol precipitates it 
 from the ammoniacal solution. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 AMMONIO!ODIDE OF ALUMINUM. Soluble in 
 hot water, and in chlorhydric acid. (Reade, Rep. 
 Br. Assoc., 1857, p. 57.) 
 
AMYL. 
 
 35 
 
 AMMONIOIODIDE OF CADMIUM (&C.). Vid. 
 
 Iodide of Cadmium(&c.)amin. 
 
 AMMONIOIODIDE OF CYANOGEN. Vid. lo- 
 
 dide of Cyanamin. 
 
 AMMONioperloDiDE OF GOLD. Keadily solu- 
 ble in water. (Reade, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1857, 
 p. 56.) 
 
 AMMONIOIODIDE (&c.) OF LEAD. Vid. Io- 
 dide (&c.) of Plumbammonium. 
 
 AMMONIOIODIDE OF NITROGEN. 
 
 I.) NH 3 , NI 3 Decomposed by water. Insoluble 
 in absolute alcohol. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in chlorhydric acid. (Bunsen.) 
 
 II.) N H 3 ,4:N I 3 Insoluble in water, but is grad- 
 ually decomposed thereby. 
 
 AMMONIO/WCrtlODIDE OF PLATINUM. Vid. lo- 
 
 didc of Platin(oMs)6zamin. 
 
 AMMONioNiTRATE OF COBALT. Partially solu- 
 ble, with decomposition, in water. Soluble in 
 ammonia- water. (Hess.) 
 
 AMMONIO/mrfoNlTRATE OF PLATINUM. Vid. 
 
 Nitrate of Platin(oMs)6zamin. 
 
 AMMONIONITRATE OF SILVER. Vid. Nitrate 
 of Argent&z'amin. 
 
 AMMONIoNlTRITE OF SlLVER. 
 
 AMMONioOsMiAMATE OF ZINC. Decomposed 
 
 2NH 3 , ZnO, (Os 2 N0 5 ) by water even in the cold. 
 
 Insoluble in ammonia- water. 
 
 AMMONIOOXALATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) of protoxide of Cobalt (CoO). Efflorescent. 
 " 9 (NH 3 , C 2 3 ) ; Co 0, C 2 3 + 24 Aq " Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, 
 
 but soluble in all proportions in boiling water. 
 (Winckelblech.) 
 
 II.) of sesquioxide of Cobalt (Co 2 Os). Scarcely 
 
 12 NH; CuCo 4 o 24 + 6 Aq. at all soluble in water, 
 
 or ammonia- water ; but 
 
 tolerably soluble in an aqueous solution of car- 
 bonate of ammonia. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 III.) of cobaltoso-cobaltic oxide (Co 0, Co2Os). 
 Easily soluble in water. (Winckelblech.) 
 
 AMMONIOOXALATE OF SlLVEK. Vid. Oxal- 
 
 ate of Argent&z'amin. 
 
 AMMONioOxiDE OF GOLD. Vid. Aurate of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Amtoxiosesquioxide of OSMIUM. Insoluble in 
 N H 3 , Os 2 3 water. Sparingly soluble in acids. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 AMMONIOOXIDE OF PLATINUM. Vid. Oxide 
 of Platinamin. 
 
 AMMONIOPERCHLORATE OF SILVER. 
 
 AMMONioPiCRATE OF X. Vid. Picrate of 
 X-amin (as of Cobaltamin). 
 
 AMMONioPLATiNoCTANiDE OF X. Vid. Cy- 
 anide of X-ammonium (e. g. of Cobaltammonium ) 
 with protoCyanide of Potassium. 
 
 AMMONIOSULPHATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 
 5NH 3 ,2CuO, S0 3 water. (H.Rose.) 
 
 Casi'cAMMONioSuLPHATE of binoxide OF PLA- 
 TINUM. Insoluble in water. Soluble in hot chlor- 
 hydric, or sulphuric acid. (E. Davy.) 
 
 AMMONIOSULPHATE OF ZlNC. Soluble, With 
 
 5 N H 3 , 2 (Zn 0, S 3 ) partial decomposition, in wa- 
 ter. (H. Rose.) 
 
 AMMONIOterSuLPHIDE OF ARSENIC. DeCOm- 
 
 posed by water. 
 
 AMMONio<7tm?MiSuLPHiDE OF ARSENIC. Sol- 
 uble in water, the solution subsequently undergo- 
 ing decomposition. 
 
 AMMONIOSULPHIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. De- 
 
 NH 3 , PS 3 composed by water. (Bineau.) 
 
 AMMONIUM. Known only in combination. The 
 N H 4 salts of ammonium are generally soluble in 
 water. They not only undergo slight decom- 
 position, with loss of ammonia when exposed to the 
 air, but when treated with boiling water they evolve 
 a small quantity of ammonia, and the solutions 
 thus obtained exhibit an acid reaction. (Enimett, 
 Am. J. ScL, 1830, (1.) 18. 255.) 
 
 AMMONIUMAMALGAM. Decomposed by water, 
 more easily in presence of naphtha, alcohol, or 
 ether. 
 
 AMNIOTIC ACID. Vid. Allantoin. 
 
 AMPELIC ACID. Almost insoluble in cold, 
 C 14 H 6 O 6 sparingly soluble in boiling water. Tol- 
 erably soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol, and ether. Soluble in warm concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 unaltered by water. (Laurent.) 
 
 AMPELATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 AMPELATE OF BARYTA. 
 ' COPPER. 
 
 ' LEAD. 
 
 LIME. 
 
 MAGNESIA. 
 
 NICKEL. 
 
 SILVER. 
 
 STRONTIA. 
 
 AMPELIN. Soluble in all proportions in water, 
 if it be mixed with 40 or 50 times its volume of 
 that liquid. From the aqueous solution it sepa- 
 rates on the addition of sulphuric acid, carbonate 
 of potash, and other acids and salts. Soluble in 
 alcohol and in all proportions in ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 AMYGDALIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Easily sol- 
 CjoHjjgOja uble in water. Insoluble in cold, and 
 only very slightly soluble in hot alco- 
 hol of 94%. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 AMYGDALATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 Ppts. 
 
 AMYGDALATE OF ETHYL. Tolerably soluble 
 in water, especially if this be warm, but is decom- 
 posed by warm water. Soluble in ether. (Wceh- 
 ler.) 
 
 AMYGDALATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 AMYGDALATE OF LIME. Soluble? 
 
 AMYGDALATE OF ZIN.C. Soluble-? 
 
 AMYGDALIN. Readily soluble in water. Scarce- 
 C 40 H 27 N0 22 + 6Aq ly at all soluble in cold abso- 
 lute alcohol, but easily soluble 
 in hot alcohol. Soluble in 240 pts. of cold alcohol 
 of 94%. Insoluble in ether. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in cold baryta-water, but the solu- 
 tion is decomposed on boiling. 
 
 AMYL. Insoluble in water. Soluble in all pro- 
 
 5C 10 H U portions in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 C 10 H U , or J CioHu ^ Franklan( j j Chi Soc _ t 3 34>) 
 
 Insoluble in monohydrated or in fuming sulphuric 
 acid, but it is decomposed by the latter after a 
 time. Slowly decomposed by nitric acid. (A. 
 Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 283.) 
 
 AMYL (or Amylic) ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate 
 of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Valeryl. 
 
36 
 
 AMYLPHLORETIC ACID. 
 
 AMYLAMIN, Miscible in all proportions with 
 (Valemmin.) water. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 
 C 10 H 13 N = N J^oHu C h. et Phys., (3.) 30. 491.) 
 
 .DmAMYLAMiN. Very sparingly soluble in wa- 
 
 (C 10 H ir ter. Soluble in acids, with 
 
 C^II^N = N?C 10 H 11 combination. Its salts are 
 
 generally sparingly soluble 
 
 in cold, more .readily soluble in boiling water. 
 
 (Hofmann.) 
 
 TTZ'AMYLAMIN. Resembles rfznamylamin. 
 
 Te/rAMYLAMMONiUM. Not isolated. Com- 
 ( Tetramylamin.) pare Hydrate of Amylammonium. 
 
 AMYLAMMONIA. Vid. Amylamin. 
 
 AMYLANILIN. Soluble in ether, and in bro- 
 (AmylPkenylamin. Aman- mide of amyl. 
 ilin. Mylanilin.) 
 
 CM H, 
 
 \ ^12 J 
 
 rN = N)c lo ] 
 
 ( Di Amyl Phenylamin. 
 
 BiA - ~ 
 
 .iAmamlm.) 
 C 32 H 27 N = N 
 
 
 Its salts are nearly insolu- 
 ble in water, and in "di- 
 lute chlorhydric, or sul- 
 i 2 phuric acid. 
 AMYLATE OF X. Vid. Oxide of Amyl and of X. 
 AMYLBUTYL. 
 
 C ]n H n 
 
 AMYLCARBONICCHLORIDE. Vid. ChloroCar- 
 bonate of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLcA/ore". Vid. ChlorAmyl. 
 
 AMYLCHINOLIN. Not isolated. 
 C 28 H 17 N 
 
 AMYLCITRIC ACID. Soluble in all propor- 
 C 22 H 18 14 =C 12 H (C 10 H 11 )0 12 ,2HO tions in wa- 
 ter, alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Its salts are generally soluble in water. 
 (Breunlin, Ann. Ch. u.Pharm., 91. 318.) 
 
 AMYLCITRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very readily soluble in water. Sol- 
 C 22 H 16 (NH 4 ) 2 14 uble in spirit, but insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. 
 
 AMYLCITRATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or very 
 C 22 H 17 (C 4 H 5 ) 14 sparingly soluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in ether. 
 
 AMYLCITRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 AMYLCITRATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in cold, easily sol- 
 C 22 H 17 CaO 14 uble in boiling water. 
 
 AMYLCITRATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) acid. Extremely soluble in water ; lesssol- 
 C 22 H 17 K O 14 uble in spirit. 
 
 AMYLCITRATE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 
 AMYLCITRATE OF SODA. 
 I.) acid. Extremely soluble in water ; less sol- 
 C 22 H 17 NaO 14 uble in spirit. 
 AMYLCYANAMID. Vid. CyanAmylamin. 
 
 (Amyl Cyan Phenylamin . ) 
 
 C^H^N,: 
 
 IO H n 
 
 AMYLENE. Insoluble in water. Easily solu- 
 ( Valerene. ble in fuming sulphuric acid, and in 
 jPkwnyfeM.) bromine. 
 
 ^10 "10 
 
 AMYLETHYLANILIN, &e. Vid. EthylAmyl- 
 Anilin, &c. 
 AMYLGLYCOL. Vid. Hydrate of Amylene. 
 
 ACID. Vid. Amyl- 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 AMYLIAQUE. Vid. Amylamin. 
 
 AMYLICALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLICETHER. Vid. Oxide of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLICMERCAPTAN. Vid. Sulphydratc of 
 Amyl. 
 
 AMYLIDE OF ZINC. Vid. ZincAmyl. 
 
 AMYLMALIC ACID. Easily soluble in water, 
 (Malamylic Acid.) alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CIB H io OID = C 8 H 4 (C 10 H n ) 9 , 110 j ts sa \^ are gener- 
 ally soluble in water. (Breunlin, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 91. 323.) 
 
 AMYLMALATE or AMMONIA. Soluble in wa- 
 C 18 H 18 (NH 4 }0 1() ter, and in spirit. 
 
 AMYLMALATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C 18 H 10 Ba0 10 Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 AMYLMALATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 AMYLMALATE OF LIME. More soluble in hot 
 C 18 H 15 Ca 10 + Aq than in cold water. 
 
 AMYLMALATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 and in alcohol. 
 
 AMYLMALATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, 
 and in alcohol. 
 
 AMYLMERCAPTAN. Vid. Sulphydrate of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLMUCIC ACID. Abundantly soluble in 
 C 22 H 20 16 = C 12 H 9 (C 10 H 11 )0 10 hot, but sparingly 
 soluble in cold wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 AMYL NICOTIN. Vid. Hydrate of AmylNi- 
 cotin. 
 
 AMYLNITROPHENIDIN. Vid. Oxide of Amyl- 
 NitroPhenylamin . 
 
 AMYLO ACID. Vid. Amyl Acid. 
 
 AMYLOID. Soluble in water, in dilute acids, 
 and in a dilute solution of caustic potash. Alco- 
 hol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Schleiden.) 
 
 AMYLOXALIC ACID. The aqueous solutions 
 ( Oxamylic Acid. of its salts are quickly decom- 
 Oxalamylic Acid.) ose( j Qn boiling. 
 C 14 H 12 8 
 
 AMYLOXALATE OF AMYL. Decomposed by 
 CuHnCCwH^Os water. 
 
 AMYLOXALATE OF LIME. More soluble in 
 C 1l H ll Ca0 8 + 2Aq hot than in cold water. (Ba- 
 lard, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 12. 309.) 
 
 AMYLOXALATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 (Balard, loc. cit.) 
 
 AMYLOXALATE OF SILVER. Sparingly solu- 
 C 14 H n Ag 8 ble in water. (Balard, loc. cit. ) 
 
 Dt'AMYLOxAMio. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 (AmylOxamid.) ble in boiling alcohol, 
 
 w n N ^PH i from which it is for the 
 CM H^ N 2 4 = N 2 < (0 10 BnJi most part deposited on 
 
 cooling. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 495.) 
 
 AMYLOXANTHIC ACID. Vid. OxySulphoCar- 
 C 12 H U 2 S 4 bonate of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLOXYSULPHOCARBONIC ACID. Vid. Oxy- 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLPHENYLAMIN. Vid. AmylAnilin. 
 
 AMYLPHLORETIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol, 
 (PUoretate of Amyl.) and ether. Water 
 
 C 28 H 20 6 = C, 8 H 9 (C, H 11 )0 6 precipitates it from 
 
 these solutions. (Hlasiwetz,) 
 
AMYLSULPHATES. 
 
 37 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 
 C 10 H 13 P0 8 = C 10 H u 0, 2 HO, cPO fl uble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble 
 
 in ether, which precipitates it from the concen- 
 trated alcoholic solution. 
 
 Of its salts, those of the alkalies are soluble, 
 the others are sparingly soluble, or insoluble, in 
 water. They are, however, in general, more solu- 
 ble than the corresponding terbasic phosphates. 
 They all dissolve readily in nitric, and chlorhy- 
 dric acids. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 2 N H 4 O, C 10 H u O, cP0 5 + x Aq water, and alcohol. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHATE OP BARYTA. Insoluble, or 
 2BaO, C 10 H U 0, cP0 5 very sparingly soluble, in 
 water. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in 
 2 Cu 0, C 10 H n 0, cPO B water. Soluble in ehlorhy- 
 dric acid. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in wa- 
 2 Pb O, Cj H n O, cPO s ter. Readily soluble in chlor- 
 hydric, and acetic acids. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHATE OF MERCURY (Hg O). Ppt. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. 
 2 KO, C 10 H n 0, cP0 5 Soluble in all proportions in 
 water, either hot or cold. Ea- 
 sily soluble in warm alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 AMYL PHOSPHATE OF SILVER. Appreciably 
 2 AgO, C 10 H U 0, cP0 5 soluble in warm, less soluble 
 in cold water. It is decom- 
 posed when boiled for a long time with water. 
 (Guthrie, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 131.) 
 
 .DiAMYLPnospHORic ACID. Only very spar- 
 C 20 H 23 P0 8 = 2C 10 H U 0,HO, cP0 5 ingly soluble in 
 
 water. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Its alkaline salts are easily soluble in water, 
 those of the alkaline earths are difficultly soluble 
 in water, but more easily soluble in alcohol. They 
 are all decomposed on boiling their aqueous so- 
 lution. 
 
 Di AMYLPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. Deliques- 
 cent. Soluble in water. 
 
 Z)I'AMYLPHOSPHATE OF BARYTA. Only spar- 
 
 BaO,2C 10 H u O, cP0 3 ingly soluble either in hot or 
 
 cold water. Easily soluble in 
 
 boiling alcohol. The aqueous solution is partially 
 
 decomposed by boiling. 
 
 Z)i'AMYLPHOSPHATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 D/AMYLPHOSPHATE OF ETHYL. 
 C 4 H 5 ,2C 10 H 11 0,cP0 5 
 
 DI'AMYLPHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 FejO^eCjoHnOjScPOis-r-QAq Insoluble in water, 
 or alcohol. 
 
 Z>AMYLPHOSPHATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 PbO, 2C 10 H 11 0, cP0 5 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 Pb O, 2 C 10 H u 0, cP0 5 + Pb 0, HO 
 
 .DI'AMYLPHOSPHATE OF LIME. Easily soluble 
 in water, and very easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 AA.MYLPHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 -DiAMYLPHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 .DZ'AMYLPHOSPHATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 .DI'AMYLPHOSPHATE OF POTASH. Deliques- 
 cent. Soluble in water. 
 
 Z>AMYLPHOSPHATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 ^AMYLPHOSPHATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHOROUS ACID. When recently pre- 
 C 10 II 13 PO 6 = C 10 H n O i pared it is entirely solu- 
 
 10 1 P 3 ^ e * n P ure water > from 
 which solution it is pre- 
 cipitated by chlorhydric acid. But after it has 
 been kept for some time it can no longer be com- 
 pletely dissolved by water. Even when directly 
 prepared from a sample of its soda salt which has 
 been kept for any length of time it is apt to be in- 
 soluble in water. The aqueous solution soon de- 
 composes in any case. Readily soluble in alka- 
 line solutions, with combination. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 228.) Eeadily soluble in 
 alcohol. , 
 
 AMYLPlIOSPHITE OF AMYL. Vl(l. fn'PhoS- 
 
 phite of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHITE OF BARYTA. Deliquescent. 
 Very soluble in water. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHITE OF LEAD. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHITE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHITE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 ( Wurtz, he. cit ) 
 
 AMYLPHOSPHOROUS ETHER. Vid. Phosphite 
 of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLPIPERIDIN. Less soluble in water than 
 C 20 H 21 N = N J> &" methylpiperidin or ethyl- 
 t^io*% piperidin. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 99.) 
 
 AMYLSALICYLIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 CM H 18 6 = C lo H u O, C 14 H 5 5 (Drion.) 
 AMYLSALICYLATE OF POTASH. 
 AMYLSOLANIN. Resembles EthylSolanin. 
 
 ( ^42 "33 OIA 
 
 C S2 H 46 N0 14 =N?C 10 H 11 
 
 AMYLSULPHURIC ACID. Very readily soluble 
 ( SulpliAmylic Acid.) i n water, and al- 
 
 C 10 H u S 2 8 = C 10 H u 0, S 2 6 , II cohol (Cahours.) 
 When concentrated, these solutions are decom- 
 posed by ebullition. 
 
 Its salts are soluble in water. (Cahours.) 
 Most of them are also soluble in alcohol and, very 
 sparingly, in ether. (Kekule'.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF ALUMINA. Very deli- 
 quescent, with decomposition. Soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether. (Kekule'.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF AMMONIA. Slightly deli- 
 
 C 10 H u (N H 4 ) S 2 8 quescent in damp air. 'Very 
 
 readily soluble in water; less 
 
 soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Kekule.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF BARYTA. Effloresces in 
 C 10 H u Ba S 2 8 + 2 Aq dry air. Very readily solu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in 
 warm, less soluble in cold alcohol. The solutions 
 are decomposed by prolonged ebullition. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Cahours.) 
 
 Pasteur finds the baryta salt of the active modi- 
 fication 2.5 more soluble than that of the inactive 
 modification. 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF COBALT. Very soluble in 
 water. (Cahours.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF COPPER. Permanent. 
 C 10 H u Cu S 2 8 + 4 Aq Readily soluble in water, 
 and spirit; less soluble in 
 absolute alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Kekule'.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON. Solu- 
 ble in water, alcohol, and ether. (Kekule.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. De- 
 
38 
 
 ANACARDATES. 
 
 liquescent. Readily decomposed. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. ( Kekule. ) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very readily soluble in water. 
 C 10 H n Pb S 2 8 -r- 2 Aq ( Cahours. ) Readily solu- 
 ble in, alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Kekule'.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. (Kekule.) 
 C 10 H n PbS 2 8 ; PbO, HO 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OP LIME. Effloresces in dry 
 C 10 H u Ca S 2 O g + 2 Aq air. Readily soluble in cold, 
 less easily soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. (Cahours.) The hot aqueous solution so- 
 lidifies on cooling. Soluble in alcohol, almost as 
 well in cold as in hot. Insoluble in ether. (Ke- 
 kule'.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 C 10 H u MgS 2 8 + 4Aq water, and alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. (Kekule.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. 
 C 10 H n Mn S 2 O g -I- 4 Aq Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Kekule'.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF MERCURY (Hg 0). De- 
 do Hn Hg S 2 8 + 2 Aq liquesces in moist air. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Kekule.) 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF NICKEL. Deliquesces in 
 C 10 H u NiS 2 8 + 2Aq moist air. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. (Kekule.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble 
 dollnKSjOg + Aq in water, and spirit. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in cold abso- 
 lute alcohol. (Cahours.) Insoluble in ether. 
 (Kekule.) Soluble, without alteration, in ammo- 
 nia water. 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF SILVER. Undergoes al- 
 C H n AgS 2 8 teration when exposed to the air. 
 Readily soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in ether. (Kekule.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 
 C 10 H u Na S 2 Og + 3 Aq cold, and in all proportions 
 
 in hot water. Soluble in 
 
 boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 ether. (Kekule.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF STRONTIA. Readily sol- 
 C 10 H u Sr S 2 8 + 2 Aq uble in water, and spirit. 
 Sparingly soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Kekule.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water, 
 C in Il u ZnS 2 8 + 2Aq and alcohol. (Kekule'.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHIDE OF X. Vid. Sulphide of 
 
 Amyl & of X. 
 
 AMYLSULPHUROUS ACID. Deliquescent. Read- 
 
 (SulphoAmylicAcid. BiSulph- ily soluble in wa- 
 
 Amylic Acid. Amyldithionic ter (Danson.J. 
 
 Acid. Hypo SidphAmyhc Acid. r , fc> Q ' . 
 
 r e n r H O S O HO I HOC., O. 153.) 
 
 0,n HI, bo UR = \J\n HII V. 2 "4, HV ' I 
 
 Its salts are solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 AMYLSULPHITE OF AMMONIA. Readily solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. (Erdmann & Gerathe- 
 wohl.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 10 
 C 10 H n BaS 2 6 pts. of water at 19, more soluble 
 in hot water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Erdmann & Gerathewohl.) Very soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Danson.) Extremely soluble both 
 in water and in alcohol. (Medlock, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1. 376.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHITE OF COPPER. Soluble in water, 
 C 10 H u Cu S 2 6 and alcohol. (Medlock, loc. cit., 
 p. 377.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. Extremely soluble 
 
 C 10 H u PbS 2 O 6 in water. (Medlock.) Very read- 
 
 ily soluble in hot alcohol, the so- 
 
 lution solidifying on cooling. (Erdmann & Gera- 
 
 thewohl.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHITE OF LIME. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Erdmann & Gerathewohl.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHITE OF POTASH. Readily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Erdmann & Gerathe- 
 wohl.) 
 
 AMYLSULPHITE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 C,o H n Ag S 2 O 6 (Erdmann & Gerathewohl.) 
 
 AMYLt/t'SULPHOCARBONATE OF X. Vid. Oxy- 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of Amyl & of X. 
 
 AMYLSULPHYDRIC ACID. Vid. Sulphydrate 
 of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLTARTARIC ACID. Very difficultly solu- 
 (Tartramylic Add.) ble in a small quan- 
 
 fis HIG 12 = C 8 H 5 (C 10 H n ) 12 ^jj.y o f wa t er> from 
 
 which solution it is precipitated when more water is 
 added. Easily soluble in alcohol ; more difficultly 
 soluble in ether. (Breunlin, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 91. 314.) Most of its salts are soluble in water, 
 though some of them dissolve with difficulty. 
 
 AMYLTARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) amorphous. Insoluble, or very sparingly sol- 
 C 18 H 15 Ba0 12 uble, in water. Soluble in boiling 
 alcohol, from which solution it is pre- 
 cipitated by water. 
 
 II.) crystalline. Soluble in water. (Breunlin, 
 C 18 H 15 Ba 12 + 2 Aq Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 
 315.) 
 
 AMYLTARTRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. 
 
 AMYLTARTRATE OF LIME. Readily soluble in 
 C 18 H 16 Ca0 12 water. 
 
 AMYLTARTRATE OF POTASH. Sparingly solu- 
 C 18 H 18 K0 12 -t-2 Aq ble in cold, readily soluble in 
 boiling water. (Breunlin.) 
 
 AMYLTARTRATE OF SILVER. Sparingly solu- 
 C 18 H w AgO u ble in water. (Balard.) 
 
 AMYLTARTRATE OF SODA. 'Readily soluble 
 C 18 H 15 Na0 12 in water. (Breunlin.) 
 
 AMYLDJTHIONIC ACID. Vid. AmylSulphur- 
 ous Acid. 
 
 AMYLTHIOSINAMIN. 
 
 AMYLUREA. 
 
 2 " 
 
 AMYLURETHAN. Vid. Carbamate of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLXANTHIC ACID. Vid. OxySulphoCarbo- 
 nate of Amyl. 
 
 AMYLXANTHOGENAMID. Vid. XanthAmyla- 
 mid. 
 
 AMYRIN. See Resin of Canarium; under 
 RESINS. 
 
 ANACARDIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold 
 
 C 44 H 32 7 = C 44 H 30 5 ,2HO water. Easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Easily soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated unchanged on the addi- 
 tion of water. 
 
 ANACARDATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ANACARDATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
ANETHOL. 
 
 ANACARDATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 ANACARDATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 ANACARDATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insolu- 
 Cm H 00 (Fe 2 <) 2 21 ; Fe 2 3) 3 HO + 6 Aq ble in water 
 
 or alcohol. 
 Soluble in ether. 
 
 ANACARDATE or LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 C M H 30 Pb 2 7 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in ether, the solution gradu- 
 ally undergoing decomposition. 
 
 ANACARDATE OF LIME. 
 C M H 30 Ca 2 7 4- 2 Aq 
 
 ANACARDATE OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 
 ANACARDATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 C HSO K 2 7 
 
 II.) add. Easily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 44 HJH K 7 Also soluble in ether. 
 
 ANACARDATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in alcohol ; but 
 44 H 31 Ag 7 very easily soluble in acidulated al- 
 cohol. 
 
 ANAMARTIC ACID. Soluble in boiling spirit. 
 
 (Stearophanic Acid. Identical 
 with Stearic Acid.) (Heintz.) 
 
 ANAMARTATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 ANAMARTATE OF SILVER. Easily soluble in 
 caustic ammonia. 
 
 ANAMARTATE OF SODA. Forms a jelly with a 
 small quantity of water, but is decomposed by 
 a large quantity. Soluble in boiling absolute al- 
 cohol. 
 
 ANAMIRTIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 (Stearophanin.) soluble in alcohol. Easily soluble 
 Css HsflO* in warm ether. (Francis, Phil. Mag., 
 (3.) 21. 168.) 
 
 ANCHIETIN. Insoluble in water. Easily solu- 
 (From the root of An- ble in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 c/ueta salutaris.) ether j tg gaUs arfi goluble j n 
 
 water. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 399.) 
 
 ANCHOIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Lepargic Add. Le- but soluble in almost all pro- 
 pargylicAcid.) portions in hot water. Spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in cold ether. 
 (Buck ton.) Less soluble than suberic acid in wa- 
 ter. 100 pts. of water at 18 dissolve 0.46 pt. of 
 it, or 1 pt. of it is soluble in 217.4 pts. of water 
 at 1 8. More soluble than suberic acid in ether. 
 {Wirz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 104. 265.) 
 
 ANCHOATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 water, and dilute alcohol. 
 
 ANCHOATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 18 H, 4 Ba^ 8 ter. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 ANCHOATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 
 ANCHOATE OF ETHYL. Almost entirely insol- 
 uble in water. Eeadily miscible with alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 ANCHOATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 ANCHOATE of peroxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 ANCHOATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in dilute nitric acid, without decomposi- 
 tion. (Buckton.) 
 
 ANCHOATE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 ANCHOATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 ANCHOATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 ANCHOATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I. ) normal. Very soluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in about 3 pts. 
 C 18 H 10 K0 8 of cold water. Exceedingly soluble 
 in hot water. Readily soluble in wood- 
 spirit. (Buckton.) 
 
 ANCHOATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 18 H 14 Ag 2 8 ble in water. Soluble in dilute acids. 
 (Buckton.) 
 
 ANCHOATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ANCHOATE OF ZINC. Ppt. (Buckton, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 10. 170.) 
 
 ANCHUSIN. In soluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 (Alkanet Red. cohol, and especially soluble in 
 Anchusic Acid.) etner> Soluble in oil of turpen- 
 se 2o8(0 t j nei an( j m tne f attv o j} Si Soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid, without decompo- 
 sition. Also soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 ANCHUSATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water; 
 less soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 ANCHUSATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I. ) basic. Tolerably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ANCHUSATE OF LIME. ] SQ}MQ - n water . 
 
 " SODA | leSS soluble in al - 
 
 STRONTIA. j cohol > and ethen 
 
 ANEMONIC ACID (of Loewig & Weidmann). 
 Hygroscopic. Soluble in water. Very sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 ANEMONIC ACID (of Schwartz). Scarcely at 
 CBO H 14 14 all soluble in water, alcohol, ether, or 
 the essential oils. Soluble in alkaline 
 solutions. 
 
 ANEMONIN. Sparingly soluble in boiling wa- 
 3,, H 12 12 ter. Sparingly soluble in cold, much 
 more soluble in hot alcohol. Sparing- 
 ly soluble in- ether. Soluble in fatty and essential 
 oils. Soluble, without decomposition, in chlorhy- 
 dric acid, but is decomposed by sulphuric acid. 
 Easily soluble, with decomposition in alkaline so- 
 lutions. 
 
 ANEMONIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Tolerably 
 
 CM H, 2 O u , 2 Pb soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 
 cold water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ANETHOL. There are two varieties of Anethol : 
 (Anisal. Isomeric with 
 Anisotnand Cuminol.) 
 r* H o 
 
 a. = solid. (From the essential oils of anise, 
 (Anise, or Fennel, Camphor, fennel, and star-anise.) 
 Stearoptene of Oil of Anise.) Permanent. Anethol is 
 slightly soluble in water, the solid variety dissolv- 
 ing less easily than the liquid. On cooling the 
 boiling aqueous solution the solid variety crystal- 
 lizes out. (Guenther.) Solid anethol is less sol- 
 uble in alcohol than the liquid variety ; the solution 
 is not precipitated by water. (Guenther.) Solid 
 anethol (from anise-oil) is soluble in 4 pts. of al- 
 cohol, of 0.806 sp. gr., at 10, and in 0.6 pt. of the 
 same alcohol at 15. (Saussure.) Anethol is sol- 
 uble in 10 pts. of oil of turpentine, and in an 
 equal quantity of oil of almonds on heating, crys- 
 tallizing out as the solution cools. (Guenther.) 
 It is soluble in all proportions in ether. 
 
 b. == liquid. (From the same sources as a, and 
 also from oil of tarragon.) See also under a. 
 
 Soluble in an equal volume of warm alcohol. 
 (Laurent.) When mixed with small quantities of 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, oil of anise becomes 
 heated and is converted into aniso'in. It dissolves, 
 however, completely in 3 (a) 4 pts. of oil of vitriol, 
 and after standing for 24 hours water separates a 
 portion of unaltered oil. (Cahours.) Unacted 
 
40 
 
 ANILIN. - 
 
 upon by boiling aqueous solutions of potash, or 
 ammonia, or by dilute sulphuric, or chlorhydric 
 acids, even when these are hot. Decomposed by 
 hot concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 ANGELIC ACID( Anhydrous). Is acidified by wa- 
 (Angdic Angflate.") i ter only after having been 
 
 CM H 14 B = n 10 H 7 i 2 S 2 f r a l n g time ' n Contact 
 
 o 7 u 2 therewith. Readily acidi- 
 fied by warm strong alkaline solutions. (Cliiozza, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 211.) 
 
 ANGELoAcETic Acio( Anhydrous). Unites 
 P TT n c io H 7 2 ? n with water very slowly. 
 C H ' -C 4 H 3 2 j* (Chiozza .) 
 
 ANGELOBENZOIC AciD(Anhydrous). Is acid- 
 (Angelic Benzoate.) ified very slowly when 
 
 CM H 12 B = 10 S 7 n 2 \ 2 exposed "to moist air. 
 UM U 8 Vz i Scarcely attacked by cold, 
 but readily soluble, with acidification, in hot alka- 
 line solutions. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 39.212.) 
 
 ANGELIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Angelidc Add. Sam- abundantly soluble in boil- 
 
 i utAtid Cid ' SumbW ' in S waten Ver y soluble 
 
 Cio H" 6 4 = Cio H 7 o s , HO in alcohol, ether, oil of tur- 
 
 pentine, and the fatty oils. 
 
 Its salts are generally soluble in water and in al- 
 cohol. (Meyer &Zenner.) 
 
 ANGELATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (M. & Z.) 
 
 ANGELATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 (Reinsch.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ANGELATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ANGELATE OF ETHYL. 
 C 10 H 7 (C 4 H 5 )0 4 
 
 ANGELATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 in water. (Meyer, Buchner, Reinsch.) 
 
 ANGELATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. (Buch- 
 C 10 H 7 Pb0 4 ner.) 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 ANGELATE OF LIME. Readily soluble in wa- 
 C 10 H 7 Ca0 4 4-2 Aq ter. (M. & Z.) Insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 ANGELATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 (Reinsch.) 
 
 ANGELATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 ANGELATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Appar- 
 ently soluble in water. 
 
 ANGELATE OF OREOSELONE. Vid. Peuce- 
 danin. 
 
 ANGELATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 water. Tolerably soluble in alcohol. (Reinsch.) 
 
 ANGELATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 10 H, Ag O 4 water, the solution undergoing change 
 after a time. (Buchner.) Soluble in 
 alcohol. (M. & Z.) 
 
 ANGELATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. (Reinsch.) 
 Easily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Meyer.) 
 
 ANGELIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of An- 
 gelicyl. 
 
 ANGELICANILID. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 
 <C, H 7 2 ble in spirit. (Chiozza, 
 
 C 22 H 13 N0 2 = N^C 12 H 5 Ann Ch ef pi , 3 j 
 
 39.211.) 
 ANGELICIC ACID. Vid. Angelic Acid. 
 
 ANGELICIN. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (From Arcluingelica officinalis.) 
 
 ANGUSTURIN. Vid. Cusparin. 
 ANILAMID. Vid. NitroSalicylamic Acid. 
 ANILANISAMID. Vid. PhenylAnisylamid. 
 
 ANILATE OF METHYLENE. Vid. MethylNitro- 
 Salicylic Acid. 
 
 ANILIC ACID. Vid. NitroSalicylic Acid ; and 
 Anilotic Acid. 
 
 ANILIC AMMELIN. Vid. PhenylAmmelin. 
 ANILIN or PHENYLAMIN. Readily soluble in wa- 
 
 (Krystallin. Kyanol (of Runge) . ter. (Runee.) Spar- 
 Eenzidam. Phenylammonia. _ i i ui 
 Plienic Amid. Phenamid. Ami- in S l ? ^f" 5 " in wa ' 
 dophenase.) ter. (Jbritzsche.) In- 
 
 C 12 H 7 N = N(i2 H 5 soluble in water. 
 
 < H 2 (Zinin.) Very spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in water at ordinary temperatures, 
 and but sparingly soluble in hot water. It can it- 
 self dissolve a little water. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 9. 141.) 
 
 Miscible in all proportions with alcohol, ether, 
 bisulphide of carbon, wood-spirit, aldehyde, ace- 
 tone, and the fixed and volatile oils. Ether re- 
 moves it from the aqueous solution. (Hofmann, 
 loc. cit.) It may also be separated from its so- 
 lution in water by the addition of caustic or car- 
 bonated alkalies, chloride of sodium, or sulphate 
 of magnesia. (Hofmann.) 
 
 When obtained by the fractional distillation of 
 the bases from coal-tar, anilin still containing 
 impurities comports itself towards water very 
 differently from the pure anilin obtained by de- 
 composing purified oxalate of anilin. 
 
 The anilin obtained by fractional distillation is 
 largely soluble in water, a portion of the latter 
 being also dissolved by it. At the temperature of 
 -f-12 the solution separates into two layers, of 
 which the inferior is an aqueous solution of anilin, 
 while the superior layer consists of hydrated ani- 
 lin (containing about three equivalents of water). 
 Perfectly pure anilin, from the oxalate, dissolves 
 very much less water than this. Pure anilin dis- 
 solves the more readily in water in proportion as 
 the temperature is more elevated, and a portion of 
 the anilin separates out when the solution is cooled. 
 On the other hand, a saturated cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of impure anilin becomes cloudy when it is 
 heated, even when heated by holding it in the 
 hand, this cloudiness augments with the temper- 
 ature, and when the liquid begins to boil it sepa- 
 rates into two layers, the lower of which contains 
 water almost pure, while the original anilin floats 
 above. When sulphuric, or oxalic, acid is added, 
 to an aqueous solution of the impure anilin, the 
 latter separates in drops, and the liquid does not 
 become clear until an excess of acid has been add- 
 ed. A solution of pure anilin does not exhibit 
 this reaction. (Hofmann, loc. cit., p.' 141 et. seq.) 
 
 The salts of anilin are almost all soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 ANILIN with /wotoCHLORiDE OF MERCURY. 
 I.) NC 12 H 7 j Hg Cl Insoluble, or very difficultly 
 soluble, in alcohol. 
 
 II. ) N GU H 7 ; 3 Hg Cl Very sparingly sol uble in 
 cold water; partially de- 
 composed when boiled with water. Sparingly 
 soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in hot, less soluble in cold chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 
 153.) 
 
 ANILIN with protoCffLORiDE OF PALLADIUM. 
 Ppt. Permanent. Insoluble in anilin. 
 
ANISATES. 
 
 41 
 
 AN i LIN with jorotoCHLORiDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 a = N C 12 H 7 , Pt Cl 
 6 = ditto. 
 
 d = N C u H 7 , H Cl, Pt Cl 
 
 ANILINAMMELIN. Vid. PhenylAmmelin. 
 
 ANILOBENZAMID. Vid. PhenylBenzoylamid. 
 
 ANILINUREA. Vid. PhenylCarbamid, and Phe- 
 nylUrea. 
 
 ANiLoCuMiNAMiD. Vid. PhenylCuminamid. 
 
 ANILOCYANIC ACID. Vid. Cyanate of Phe- 
 nyl. 
 
 ANILOUREA. Vid. PhenylCarbamid. 
 ANILOTIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Isomeric, but not identical, cold, somewhat more 
 with Nitro Salicylic Acid.) snlnhlp thmicrh still snar 
 C M H 4 N0 9 ,HO+ 3Aq Me,tBOngD WH1 spar- 
 
 ingly, in warm water. 
 
 Boiling water dissolves a portion of it and re- 
 moves the water of crystallization from the re- 
 mainder, which is left as an insoluble powder. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble, 
 without decomposition in warm concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, separating out again as the solution 
 cools. 
 
 Most of its salts are soluble in water. 
 
 ANILOTATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ANILOTATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 ANILOTATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 (Piria, Ann. Ch. it. Pharm., 97. 253.) 
 
 ANIMIN (of Unverdorben). Soluble in 20 pts. 
 ( Supposed to have been a mix- o f water, the solu- 
 ture of Lutidin and Colliding ti(m becoming turbid 
 
 when heated, and depositing animin, which redis- 
 solves as the liquor cools. Soluble in all propor- 
 tions in alcohol, ether, and the fatty and essential 
 oils. Its salts are soluble in water. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 ANISALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Anisoyl. 
 
 ANISALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Anisyl. 
 
 ANISAMIC ACID. Soluble in 800 pts. of boil- 
 (AmidAnisicAcid. Oxide i n g water; less soluble 
 cold water. Readily 
 
 B.i HO 
 
 C 16 H 8 N0 61 HO 
 
 Sparingly soluble in ether. Soluble, without al- 
 teration, in boiling, moderately strong, acetic and 
 chlorhydric acids, separating out again un- 
 changed as the solutions cool. (Zinin.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Tolerably readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether, especially when 
 these are hot Very easily soluble in alkaline li- 
 quids, and in acids, with combination in both 
 cases. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 
 341.) 
 
 ANISAMATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 water. (Zinin ; Cahours, /. c.) 
 
 ANISAMATE OF BARYTA. Appears to be solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 ANISAMATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 
 ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. Easily soluble in al- 
 Ci 6 H 8 (C 4 H 5 )N0 6 cohol, especially when this is 
 warm. Less readily soluble in 
 ether. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash, soda, or ammonia. Soluble in acids, with 
 combination, forming salts which are soluble in 
 alcohol. (Cahours, loc. cit., p. 346.) 
 
 ANISAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 ANISAMATE OF LIME. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ANISAMATE OF METHYL. Easily soluble in 
 C 1B H 8 (C 2 H 3 ) N0 6 alcohol, and ether. Insoluble in 
 alkaline liquids. Very easily 
 6 
 
 soluble, with combination, in acids. (Cahours, 
 loc. cit., p. 350.) 
 
 ANISAMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 C 10 H 8 AgN0 Readily soluble in acids, and in am- 
 monia-water. 
 
 ANISAMID. Soluble in alcohol. (Cahours, 
 (Anisylamid.) Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 
 
 C 16 H 9 N0 4 = N j * Hj * 353.) 
 
 ANISANILID. Vid. PhenylAnisylamid. 
 ANISIC Acio(Anhydrous). Insoluble in cold 
 (Anisic Anhydride.) water. Acidified by long- 
 
 C S2 H u 10 = p 16 S 7 n 4 o2 continued boiling with 
 OuVtVi) water Readily soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether, especially when these are 
 warm ; still more easily soluble in a mixture of 
 alcohol and ether. Insoluble in cold, but is acid- 
 ified by warm aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 and ammonia. (Pisani.) 
 
 ANISIC ACID. Permanent. Scarcely at all 
 (Anisylic Acid. Draconic soluble in cold, tolerably 
 Acid Dracic AM. Ombel- j M b U j t 
 
 lie And. Eadiamc Acid.) _ T . , . . , , . 
 
 C 16 H 8 8 = C 16 H 7 5 ,HO Very soluble m alcohol, 
 and ether, especially when, 
 
 these are hot. Most of its salts are soluble in 
 water. 
 
 " According to Persoz, ombellic acid is but 
 slightly soluble in cold ether, while badianic acid 
 is easily soluble. Hempel found no difference be- 
 tween the dissolved and the undissolved portions." 
 (Gmelin.) 
 
 ANISATE OF ALUMINA. Somewhat soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ANISATE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble in wa- 
 C 16 H 7 (N H 4 ) 8 ter. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ANISATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 U 7 Ba0 6 water. (Engelhardt.) 
 
 ANISATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in hot water. 
 Sparingly soluble in ordinary alcohol. (Schiff.) 
 
 ANISATE OF COBALT. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ANISATE OF COPPER. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in boiling acetic acid. Insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 ANISATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 (Anisic Ether.) sily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 C 20 H 12 6 = CigHr (C 4 H s )0 6 an( j et her. Insoluble in 
 caustic ammonia, but is decomposed by long-con- 
 tinued contact therewith. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 14. 492.) 
 
 ANISATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ANISATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 ANISATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in boiling water, crystal - 
 
 C 16 H 7 Pb0 6 + Aq Hzing out on cooling. (Engel- 
 
 hardt.) Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in boiling water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) bibasic. Ppt. 
 C 18 H; Pb 6 ; Pb 0, HO 
 
 ANISATE OF LIME. Somewhat soluble in water. 
 
 ANISATE OF MAGNESIA. Readily soluble in 
 C 16 H 7 Mg0 6 -t-4Aq water, and alcohol. 
 
 ANISATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 ANISATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 ANISATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insoluble 
 in cold, sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
42 
 
 ANTIMONIC ACID. 
 
 ANISATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in water, 
 
 (Anisate of Methylene. Methyl even when this it hot 
 
 Amuc Ether.) Readily and abun 
 C H 10 O e = C 16 H 7 (t, H 3 ) 6 
 
 cohol, and ether, especially when these are warm 
 (Cahours, loc. cit., p. 494.) 
 
 ANISATE OF NICKEL. Appears to be solubli 
 in water. 
 
 ANISATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. Sol 
 Ci 6 H 7 K0 6 uble in warm, less soluble in cold hy 
 drate of anisyl (Canizzaro & Bertag 
 nini), and ordinary spirit. 
 
 ANISATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in cold, spar 
 C, 6 H 7 Ag0 6 ingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Gmelin and Kolbe say: "Bu 
 slightly soluble in cold, more soluble in hot water 
 (Cahours.)" 
 
 ANISATE OF SODA. The 10-hydrated salt is 
 
 C 16 H 7 Na 6 + Aq & 10 Aq very efflorescent. Solu 
 
 ble in water. " Soluble in 
 
 boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 AN j SATE OF STRONTIA. Difficultly soluble in 
 Ci 6 H 7 SrO a + Aq water. 
 
 ANISATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 ANISE CAMPHOR. Vid. Anethol. 
 
 ANisEuGENic ACID (Anhydrous). Insoluble 
 (AnisEugenyl.) in an aqueous solution 
 
 C,. H.. R = 9, 20 u 11 ,? 2 1 0, of caustic potash. ( Ca- 
 C ia H T 4 i hourg) 
 
 ANISHYDRAMID. Vid. Hydride of AzoAni- 
 syl. 
 
 ANISIDIN. Vid. MethylPhenidin. 
 
 ANISIN. Scarcely at all soluble in boiling wa- 
 
 C 48 H 24 N 2 6 ter. Soluble in alcohol. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in ether. (Bertagnini, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 128.) 
 
 ANISOIC ACID. Very easily soluble in wa- 
 C 20 H 18 12 = C 20 H 17 11 ,HO ter, spirit, and ether. 
 (Limpricht, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 97. 355.) 
 
 ANISOATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble in wa- 
 C 20 H 17 Ba0 12 ter. (Limpricht, ib.) 
 
 ANISOATE OF SILVER. Easily soluble in wa- 
 CjoHjjAgOu ter. (Limpricht, ib.) 
 
 ANISOATE OF SODA. Easily soluble in water. 
 C^HjjNaOu (Limpricht, 26.) 
 
 ANISCEL. Vid. Anethol. 
 
 ANISOIN. Insoluble in water. Scarcely at all 
 Isomeric with Anethol and Cuminol.) soluble in alco- 
 
 **i"i hol, even when 
 
 this is warm ; more soluble in ether, and the es- 
 sential oils. Alcohol precipitates it from the ethe- 
 real solution. Unacted upon by dilute acids, or 
 by boiling aqueous solutions of caustic potash, or 
 ammonia. Soluble in strong sulphuric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 ANISOL. Vid. Phenate of Methyl. 
 
 ANISONITRANISIC ACID. Nearly insoluble in 
 (Nitrodraconasic Acid.) water. Tolerably readily 
 C 32 Hi 5 N0 16 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 ANisoNiTRANisATE OF AMMONIA. Sparing- 
 ly soluble in water. Soluble in boiling, less solu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. 
 
 ANISOSALICYL. Scarcely at all soluble either 
 C 30 H 12 8 in hot or in cold water. Tolerably solu- 
 ble in alcohol, especially when this is 
 boiling, and in ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 52. 199.) 
 
 ( 
 C 
 
 ANISOYL. Not isolated. 
 C JO H 9 2 
 
 ANISSALICYLODS ACID (Anhydrous). Vid. 
 AnisoSalicyl. 
 
 ANISURIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol. Decom- 
 C 20 H U N0 8 posed by boiling with acids. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 357.) 
 
 ANISURATE OF SILVER. 
 
 ANISYL. Not isolated. 
 C 16 H 7 4 
 
 ANISYL ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Anisoyl. 
 
 ANISYLAMID. Vid. Anisamid. 
 
 ANISYLOUS ACID. Vid. Hydride of Anisyl. 
 
 ANNOTTO. More easily soluble in alcohol and in 
 ("Amotto"or" Arnatto" alkaline solutions than 
 "jRocow" or " Roucnu " of : watpr Wafpr His 
 the French. " Orlean of the l 
 
 Germans. Inspissated extract Solves from it Only a llt- 
 from tlie seeds of Bixa orel- tie yellow coloring-mat- 
 tona> ) ter ; but it is soluble in 
 
 alcohol, ether, fatty and essential oils (as of turpen- 
 tine), and in alkaline solutions. 
 
 ANTHOKIRRIN. Difficultly soluble in water; 
 
 (Yellow coloring-matter from flowers more readily Sol- 
 of Antirrkinum linarla.) uble in a | co i, olj 
 
 ether, and the essential oils. Soluble in acids, 
 and in alkaline solutions. (Riegel.) 
 
 ANTHOKYAN. Vid. Cyanin. 
 
 ANTHOXANTHIN. Vid Xanthin, & Xanthein. 
 
 ANTHRACENE. Vid. ParaNaphthalin. 
 
 ANTHRACOXENE. See under RESINS. 
 
 ANTHRANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylCarbamic 
 Acid. 
 
 ANTHROPIC ACID ) (of Heintz). Consisted of 
 
 ANTHROPIN j a mixture of stearic and 
 
 margaric acids. 
 
 ANTIARIN. Permanent. Soluble in 254 [251] 
 lAnthiarin.) pts. of water at 22.5, and in 
 
 C 28 H 20 10 4-4Aq 27.4 pts. of boiling water. In 
 70 pts. of alcohol at 22.5; and in 2792 pts. of 
 ether at 22.5. Soluble in dilute acids, as, for ex- 
 ample, sulphuric, nitric, chlerhydric, and acetic 
 acids. Soluble in concentrated nitric, and chlorhy- 
 dric acids at the ordinary temperature. Decom- 
 posed by strong sulphuric acid. Soluble in dilute 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, and ammo- 
 nia. It is much more readily soluble in dilute 
 acids and alkaline solutions than in pure water. 
 Very easily soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 sugar, also easily soluble in water containing 
 extractive matters. (Mulder, Pogg. Ann., 1838, 
 44. pp. 424, 428 ; and J. pr. Cfiem., 15. pp. 425, 
 428.) 
 
 ANTIMONETHYL, &c. Vid. StibEthyl, &c. 
 
 ANTIMONIC ACID. There are two allotropic 
 ,b 5 modifications : 
 
 I.) ordinai-y Antimonic Acid, and 
 II.) met Antimonic Acid. 
 
 I.) ordinary. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Sb 8 , HO [or Sb 8 , 5 HO according to Fremy] Sparingly 
 
 soluble in 
 
 water. (Capitaine.) Soluble, with combination, 
 n boiling aqueous solutions of the alkalies, and 
 n warm ammonia-water. (Berzelius.) Soluble 
 n an excess of an aqueous solution of triethyl- 
 olucnylammonium. 
 
 Readily soluble in tartaric acid. (Buchner.) 
 Slightly soluble in water acidulated with nitric 
 .cid. (Ansell, J. Ch. Soc., 5. 211.) Insoluble 
 
ANTIMONIATES. 
 
 43 
 
 in other acids. (Berzelius.) Soluble in con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid: if a small quan- 
 tity of water be added to this solution, a precip- 
 itate is formed, but if a large quantity of water 
 be at once quickly added, no precipitate will form. 
 (L. Gmelin.) Each of the oxides of antimony 
 is almost insoluble in nitric acid. (H. Eose, Tr.) 
 Completely insoluble in ammonia-water. It ap- 
 pears to dissolve in acids more slowly than metan- 
 timonic acid. (Fremy, loc. inf. cit.) 
 
 Of the antimoniates, only those of the more sol- 
 uble alkalies are soluble in water. They are all 
 decomposed even by weak acids. All acid anti- 
 moniates are difficultly soluble or insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) meta. Completely soluble in a large quan- 
 
 Sb Or,, 4 HO tity of cold water, from which solution 
 
 it is precipitated by acids. When in 
 
 contact with water it is very easily transformed 
 
 into ordinary antimonic acid. 
 
 Slowly soluble in cold ammonia-water. It ap- 
 pears to dissolve more readily in acids than ordi- 
 nary antimonic acid. The normal metantimoni- 
 ates are only stable when in presence of a large 
 excess of alkali, being decomposed by solvents 
 with separation of acid salts. (Fremy, Ann. Ck. 
 et Phys., (3.) 23. 407. 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. Insoluble 
 
 A1 2 3 , 3Sb0 6 in an aqueous solution of antimoni- 
 
 ate of potash, but somewhat soluble 
 
 in solutions of alumina salts. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 
 3. 489.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) ordinary. Completely insoluble in water. 
 NH 4 0,Sb0 6 + 4AcL (Fremy, Ann. Ch.^tPhys., (3.) 
 23. pp. 406, 411.) 
 
 II.) meta. Soluble in water; this solution is 
 a = mono. NH 4 O, Sb0 +6Aq decomposed by boil- 
 ing. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Fremy, loc. cit.) 
 
 b = din. 2 N H 4 o, Sb 5 Soluble in a dilute solu- 
 tion of ammonia ; from 
 
 which alcohol precipitates the preceding com- 
 pound. (Fremy, loc. cit.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATB OF ANTIMONY. Scarcely at all 
 
 Antimonious Acid (Improperly.) soluble in Water. 
 
 eutoxide of Antimony.) Vprv difficultly 
 
 2(Sb0 4 . HO) = Sb0 3 ,Sb0 5 +2Aq v ? r y 
 
 1 soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid. Insoluble in sulphide of ammonium. 
 (Fresenius, Quant., p. 154.) Rather more soluble 
 in water than antimonic acid. (Capitaine.) In- 
 soluble in water, alcohol, or the oxygen acids. It 
 is not dissolved when digested with concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, only a small portion of oxide of 
 antimony being dissolved out. Difficultly soluble 
 in concentrated chlorhydric acid, and is reprecipi- 
 tated therefrom on the addition of a small quanti- 
 ty of water. But if a large quantity of water be 
 added at once, oxide of antimony alone is precipi- 
 tated, the greater part of the antimonic acid re- 
 maining in solution. Soluble in a boiling aque- 
 ous solution of bitartrate of potash. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 2. 292.) Soluble in a boiling solution of 
 sulphide of potassium, also in a boiling solution 
 of Schlippe's salt (3 Na O, Sb SB + 18 Aq). Spar- 
 ingly soluble in a few acids, as nitric acid, and 
 still more soluble, though still very sparingly, in 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid. (Dumas, Tr.) A 
 quantity of chlorhydric acid capable of dissolving 
 100 pts. of Sb O s dissolves only 33 pts. of Sb O 4 , 
 and the latter is precipitated from this solution on 
 the addition of water. (Dumas, TV.) Each of the 
 oxides of antimony is scarcely at all soluble in ni- 
 tric acid. (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble, with decomposi- 
 tion, in alkaline solutions. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 496.) 
 
 a 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Scarce- 
 BaO,SbO 5 ly at all soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Soluble to a certain extent in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of barium. (Wackenrodcr.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF COBALT. Slightly soluble 
 CoO, Sb0 5 in water. (Berzelius.) Almost as 
 soluble as the zinc salt. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 Somewhat soluble in boiling aqueous solutions of 
 cobalt salts. After ignition it is not acted upon by 
 acids or by alkaline solutions. 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in wa- 
 Cu 0, Sb O s + x Aq ter. (Berzelius.) Afterhaving 
 been ignited, it is not acted upon 
 by acids or by alkaline solutions. 
 
 ANTIMONIATE of protoxide OF IRON. Slightly 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius. ) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insol- 
 uble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF LEAD. 
 
 a = mono. Completely insoluble in water. In- 
 PbO, SbO 5 &-f zAq completely decomposed by 
 (Naples Yellow.) acids, even when recently 
 
 precipitated. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 751.) 
 
 b = Iris. 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF LIME. Very slightly soluble 
 CaO,SbO s in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OFLITHIA. Difficultly soluble in 
 Li 0, Sb O B cold, more soluble in hot water. Much 
 more easily soluble than the soda salt. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. Soluble in 
 
 Mg 0, Sb 5 + x Aq an aqueous solution of sul- 
 
 phate of magnesia, but insol- 
 
 uble in a solution of antimoniate of potash. (Ber- 
 
 zelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. 
 MnO,Sb0 5 Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE of dinoxide OF MERCCRY. In- 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 HgO,SbO B Scarcely attacked by alkalies or by 
 acids. Slightly soluble in hot sulphuric 
 and chlorhydric acids. 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in wa- 
 Ni 0, Sb 5 + 6 Aq ter. ( Berzelius. ) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) ordinary. Insoluble in cold water. When 
 
 a = K 0, Sb 8 boiled for a long time with water 
 
 it is dissolved, with combination. 
 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 406.) 
 
 6 = K 0, Sb 6 , + Aq Cold water dissolves no 
 
 trace of it. By long boil- 
 
 ing with water it is dissolved, with decomposition. 
 (Fremy, Ibid., (3.) 23. 406.) 
 c = KO Sb 5 + 3 Aq Completely insoluble in cold 
 water. Decomposed, with 
 solution, by long boiling with water. (Fremy, 
 Ibid., p. 406.) 
 
 d= " Gummy Ami- Slowly soluble in cold, readily 
 moniate of Potash." so luble in hot water, from 
 KO, Sb OB + 6 Aq wn i c h solution acids, even car- 
 bonic acid, precipitate the bi-antimoniate. It is all 
 precipitated by a solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium (Fremy, Ibid., (3.) 
 
 12. 502.) 
 
 .. r, JzuWe Avtimo- Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 niate of Potash." in solutions of the preceding 
 
 KO, 2 Sb 8 , & + 6 Aq (gummy) compound, from 
 
44 
 
 ANTIMONITES. 
 
 which it may again be precipitated by adding al- 
 most any soluble salt. Soluble in a boiling con- 
 centrated solution of caustic potash, but is depos- 
 ited again almost entirely on cooling; the last 
 portions which remain in solution may be precip- 
 itated by adding some soluble potash salt. (Fremy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 499.) Almost insoluble 
 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) meta. Permanent. Slowly soluble in 
 a = ;' Granular Ami- co id water. Soluble in a solu- 
 momcu^ of Potash." t j on o f chloride of ammonium. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 
 12. 502.) The aqueous solution decomposes by 
 standing. 
 
 b = (Bibasie metantimoniate. Very deliquescent. 
 
 Normal metantimoniate (of Decomnosed bv wa- 
 
 Fremy). Deliquescent anti- Dv , . Wa 
 
 moniate.) t er i even when this is 
 
 2 KO, Sb 6 cold. Soluble in wa- 
 
 ter containing potash, 
 
 and in alkaline liquors generally; the solutions 
 undergoing decomposition when boiled or evap- 
 orated. It is stable only when in presence of a 
 great excess of potash. (Fremy, he. cit., (3.) '12. 
 502, and (3.) 23.' 408.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF POTASH with SULPHANTI- 
 MONIATE OF POTASH. Decomposed by cold 
 KO, Sb O s ; 3 K S, Sb S 5 + 10 Aq water, which dis- 
 solves out the sul- 
 phur salt and leaves the oxygen salt, but is com- 
 pletely dissolved by boiling water. (Rammels- 
 berg, in Ber/elius's Lehrb., 3. 202.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF QUININE. Soluble in hot, 
 less soluble in cold water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 402.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in wa- 
 AgO, Sb0 5 ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF SODA. Almost insoluble in 
 
 (Acid metantimoniate of Soda.) cold > Vei 7 sparingly 
 
 Na 0, Sb 5 -t- Aq & 7 Aq soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. Soluble in alkaline solutions. (Fremy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 501, et seq.) Some- 
 what soluble in a solution of carbonate of potash : 
 thus the solution of one part of a soda salt in 
 350 pts. of water may still be precipitated by. an- 
 timoniate of potash, even when the solution con- 
 tains 100 pts. of carbonate of potash to one part 
 of carbonate of soda; but in a larger excess of 
 carbonate of potash the antimoniate of soda is 
 slightly soluble. (Fremy, C. R., 16. 187.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF STRONTIA. Very difficultly 
 
 Sr 0, Sb 5 soluble in water ; so much so that a 
 
 solution of sulphate of strontia is 
 
 made cloudy by the addition of antimoniate of 
 
 potash. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF TIN (SnOa). 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF URANIUM. Ppt. Soluble in 
 5 Ur 0, 3 Sb 5 + 15 Aq hot concentrated chlorhy- 
 dric acid, and in an aque- 
 ous solution of sesquichloride of uranium. (Ram- 
 melsberg. ) 
 
 ANTIMONIATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Very 
 Zn 0, Sb 5 slightly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Soluble in solutions of the salts of zinc. 
 Sensibly soluble in water. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF AMYL. Vid. StibAmyl. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF ETHYL. Vid. StibEthyl. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in simple 
 Sb Nij acids. Easily soluble in aqua-regia. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF NICKEL with SULPHIDE OF 
 NiSb,NiS 2 NICKEL. Soluble in nitric acid, with 
 separation of sulphur, and in aqua- 
 regia. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF POTASSIUM. Decomposed 
 by water. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF POTASSIUM with ARSENIDE 
 (SbAs)K 2 OF POTASSIUM. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF SILVER. Decomposed, with 
 Sb Ag t partial solution, by nitric acid. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF SODIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 ANTIMONIDE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) bi. Does not decompose boiling water ex- 
 Sb Zn 2 cept very feebly. It is not attacked 
 
 (StibiobiZincyl.) by dilute mineral acids> but j g de _ 
 
 composed by strong chlorhydric, and nitric acids. 
 (J. P. Cooke, Mem. Amer. Acad., 1855, [N. S.j 
 5. 348.) 
 
 II.) ter. Decomposes water very rapidly at the 
 SbZn 3 temperature of boiling, especially 
 
 (StibiotriZincyl.) when it has prev j ou sly been treat- 
 ed with a solution of bichloride of platinum or 
 with chlorhydric acid, and afterwards washed. 
 Decomposed with great violence by dilute chlor- 
 hydric and sulphuric acids. Nitric acid also de- 
 composes it violently. Completely soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid mixed with a little nitric acid. 
 (Cooke, loc. cit., pp. 342, 345.) 
 
 "ANTIMONIOUS ACID." Vid. Antimoniate of 
 Sb0 4 Antimony. 
 
 ANTIMONIOUS ACID. Vid. ter Oxide of Anti- 
 SbOj mony. 
 
 ANTIMONITE* OF ALUMINA. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) bi. Slightly soluble in water, inasmuch as 
 this abstracts ammonia, in a solution of which 
 the compound is sparingly soluble. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 8. 327.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water. Decomposed by acids. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF COBALT. Slightly soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) Much more soluble in water 
 than the antimoniate. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE of dinoxide OF COPPER. Soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid, more completely than in any 
 other acid. (Hausmann & Stromeyer.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE of protoxide OF COPPER. Insol- 
 uble in water. (Berzelius ; Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. More 
 soluble than the antimoniate in water. (Dumas, 
 Tr.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF MANGANESE. More soluble 
 than the antimoniate in water. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF POTASH. Decomposed by 
 K 0, Sb 3 water, only a very small portion of it 
 being dissolved. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 189.) Fremy denies its existence. When a so- 
 lution of v antimonious acid (SbO 3 ) in an excess 
 of caustic potash is allowed to stand for a very 
 long time out of contact with the air, all of the 
 antimonious acid finally separates from the solu- 
 tion in crystals ; the same statement applies to 
 the solution in carbonate of potash. (H. Rose 
 Tr., 1. 266.) 
 
APYRIN. 
 
 45 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF POTASH with 
 
 (Kermes mineral) OF ANTIMONY. Soluble 
 
 KO,SbO s ; 2SbS 3 +Aq(or } t , it , d 
 
 a mixture of these two in- m & . . P a "'. W1 
 gredients, or of aiUimoniate Composition, in water. 
 of soda and sulphide of ami- Soluble in a hot concen- 
 mony, in other proportions, trated aqueous solution 
 of caustic potash, and in concentrated chlorhy- 
 dric acid. 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF SODA. Similar to the potash 
 suit. (Berzelius.) A solution of antimonious 
 acid in carbonate of soda, on being left to itself 
 deposits the antimonious acid completely after a 
 time. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF STIB^'AMYL. Insoluble in 
 (C 10 H n ) 3 Sb0 2 , 2Sb0 3 (?) water, alcohol, or ether. 
 Imperfectly soluble in ni- 
 tric acid. Slowly soluble in aqua-regia. Insol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid. (Eerie'.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF SiiB/rtETHYL. Difficultly 
 (C 4 H 3 ) 3 Sb 2 , 2 Sb0 3 soluble in ether; more readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Loewig.) 
 
 ANTIMONITE OF ZINC. More soluble than the 
 antimouiate in water. (Dumas, 7V.) 
 
 ANTIMONIURETTED HYDROGEN. Not sensi- 
 bly absorbed by water, but is decomposed by long- 
 continued contact therewith. Neither absorbed 
 nor altered by concentrated potash lye, or concen- 
 trated nitric acid. (F.Simon.) Soluble, with sub- 
 sequent decomposition, in an alcoholic solution of 
 caustic potash. (Meissner.) 
 
 ANTIMONY. Insoluble in, and unacted upon 
 Sb by water, or alkaline solutions. But when 
 exposed to the simultaneous action of air and 
 water it oxidizes slowly, and a portion of the oxide 
 dissolves. It is not attacked by any of the dilute 
 acids excepting nitric acid and aqna-regia. Warm 
 concentrated sulphuric acid converts it into sul- 
 phate of antimony. Oxidized, but not dissolved, 
 by strong nitric acid. Scarcely at all acted upon 
 by boiling concentrated chlorhydric acid. Com- 
 pletely soluble in warm aqua-regia, which is its 
 best solvent. Antimony is attacked with extreme 
 slowness by pure concentrated nitric acid of 1.512 
 (a) 1.419 sp. gr. ; acid weaker than this has no 
 marked action, whether it contains nitrous acid or 
 not. Nor does a mixture of nitric and chlorhydric 
 acids have any action upon the metal so long as 
 the acids, either from being too dilute or at too 
 low a temperature, cannot react upon each other ; 
 but if the antimony is treated with a mixture of 
 these acids in an extremely diluted state and a 
 few drops of a solution of nitrite of potash be 
 added to the mixture an action will commence 
 at once. (Millon, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 6. 101.) 
 Solutions of the salts of antimony when mixed 
 with tartaric acid can no longer be precipitated 
 by water, or the caustic alkalies. (H. Rose.) 
 
 ANTIRRHIC ACID. Difficultly soluble in water, 
 (from Digitalis purpurea.) Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Morin.) 
 
 ANTITARTARIC ACID. Fid. Tartaric Acid, 
 
 (left.) 
 
 APIIN. Scarcely at all soluble in cold, easily 
 
 C 24 H i4i3 + 2Aq&4Aq soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in boiling alcohol, 
 
 the liquid gelatinizing on cooling. Soluble in al- 
 kaline solutions, even the weakest, ex. gr. in lime- 
 water, solution of magnesia, very dilute ammonia, 
 or bicarbonate of potash. Its solution in caustic 
 potash is not decomposed by long-continued boil- 
 ing. Decomposed by boiling sulphuric acid, even 
 
 dilute ; also by other acids. (Braconnot, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 9. 250.) Its aqueous solution is de- 
 composed by long-continued boiling, and more 
 rapidly if it be acidulated with sulphuric, or chlor- 
 hydric acid. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 Soluble in 8500 pts. of cold water, and 389 pts. 
 of cold alcohol. Easily soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 (u. Planta & Wallace, in Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 APIOL (from Apium petroselinum). Insoluble 
 in water. Easily soluble in alcohol of from 50 to 
 90%. Soluble in all proportions in ether, and 
 chloroform. Completely soluble in acetic acid. 
 (Homolle & Joret.) 
 
 APIRIN. Vid. Apyrin. 
 
 APOCRENIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in water; 
 C4 8 H 12 Oj4(?) more soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 On the addition of chloride of 
 ammonium it is precipitated from the aqueous 
 solution. Readily soluble in solutions of the al- 
 kaline acetates. The alkaline apocrenates are sol- 
 uble in water, th others are difficultly soluble, or 
 insoluble. 
 
 APOCRENATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 APOCRENATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insol- 
 uble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 APOGLUCIC ACID. Readily soluble in water, 
 ( Perhaps identical with from which it is not precipi- 
 mar.(Gerkardt, tated b 
 
 C 18 H 10 o 10 
 
 tated b y alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. Soluble, with- 
 out decomposition, in dilute sulphuric, or concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid. Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Mulder.) 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 C ]8 H 9 PbOi water. 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 C 18 H 9 Ca 10 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble 
 C 18 H 9 AgO lo in water. 
 
 APOGLUCATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 ggApOFHYLLic ACID. Slowly and very diffi- 
 C 19 H 7 N0 8 = C 18 H 8 N0 7 , HO cultly soluble in cold 
 water. Insoluble in al- 
 
 cohol, -and ether. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Decomposed by nitric acid. Its 
 salts are all very easily soluble in water. 
 
 APOPHYLLATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 APOPHYLLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water ; 
 less soluble in dilute alcohol. 
 
 APOPHYLLATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 APOPHYLLATE OF SILVER. Readily soluble in 
 C, 6 H 6 AgN0 8 water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 (Anderson.) 
 
 APOPHYLLATE OF SILVER with NITRATE OF 
 CjBHsAgNOgjAgO.NO,, SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 APORETIN. Insoluble in water. Nearly in- 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, benzin, or chloroform. 
 Insoluble in dilute chlorhydric acid. Readily 
 soluble in tolerably concentrated potash lye, and 
 in ammonia-water. 
 
 APOSEPEDIN. Vid. Leucin. 
 
 APTRIN (from Cocos lapidea). Sparingly sol- 
 
46 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIN. 
 
 uble in water, but more soluble in cold than in hot 
 water. Soluble in ammonia-water. (Bizio.) 
 
 ARABIC ACID. Easily soluble in water so long 
 (Arabin) as it is moist, but after having become 
 dry it is insoluble even in boiling water; 
 it swells up, however, somewhat, and then dis- 
 solves in solutions of the alkalies and alkaline 
 earths. Its aqueous solution is not precipitated 
 by alcohol ; but is precipitated at once by alcohol 
 containing a few drops, or even a trace, of chlor- 
 hydric, or nitric acid, or of a saline solution. 
 
 ARABATE OF LIMB. Soluble in wa- 
 
 " MAGNESIA, ter, from which al- 
 
 " POTASH. cohol precipitates 
 
 " SODA. them. (Neuhauer, 
 
 &C. Ann.Ch.u.Pharm., 
 102. 105.) 
 
 ARABIN. Vid. Arabic Acid ; see also under 
 GUM. 
 
 ARACHAMID. Vid. Arachinamid. 
 ARACHIC ACID. Vid. Arachidic Acid. 
 
 ARACHIDIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Ex- 
 
 (Arachic Acid, cecdingly sparingly sol- 
 
 But* AM.) uble in cold spirit. Spar- 
 
 = H . . 
 
 readily soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. Very 
 easily soluble in ether. The alkaline salts of 
 arachidic acid are soluble in water, and alcohol ; 
 the other salts are insoluble in water, but soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. (Gcessmann, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 89. 1.) 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in al- 
 C 40 H 39 (NH 4 )0 4 cohol. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 Cso HBO 4 = C 40 H 39 (C 10 H n ) 4 Easily soluble in hot 
 alcohol and in cold 
 ether. (Caldwell.) 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 C 40 H 39 Ba0 4 Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble 
 C 40 1!,*, Cu 4 in boiling alcohol. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 44 H 44 4 = C 40 H 39 (C 4 H 5 )0 4 Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Gcessmann, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 89. 10.) 
 ARACHIDATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Arachin. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF LEAD. Soluble in an alco- 
 holic solution of acetic acid. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 C 40 H 39 Ca 4 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Sparingly sol- 
 C M Hgj Mg 4 uble, with partial decomposition, 
 in hot alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 C* H 42 4 = 0,0 H3, (C 2 H 3 ) 4 ter. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Caldwell.) 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 15 (a) 20 
 
 C 40 H39K0 4 pts. of boiling water. When this 
 
 solution is diluted with much water, 
 
 an acid salt separates. Soluble in strong alcohol. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF SILVER. Tolerably soluble 
 C 40 II 39 Ag 4 in boiling, less soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. (Scheven & Gcessmann, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 97. 257.) 
 
 AHACHIDATK OK SODA. Soluble in strong al- 
 C 40 II 39 Na 4 cohol. 
 
 ARACHIDATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 40 H 39 Sr 4 ter. Somewhat more soluble than 
 
 the baryta salt in boiling alcohol. 
 ARACHIN. Very sparingly soluble in alco- 
 
 (Arachidate of Glyceryl.) hc4 of 90 ''/,. ; 
 
 H 124 14 = 
 
 2 ) 3 
 
 + 2 Aq 
 
 absolute alcohol. Especially soluble in ether. 
 1 (Gcusmann & Scheven, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 
 230.) " The ' Arachin ' of Scheven & Gcessmnnn 
 is nothing but free arachidic acid." (Berthelot, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 47. 355.) 
 
 J/onoARACHiN. Almost insoluble in cold, spar- 
 C 4o H 46 s = c e H B s. 2 HO, 40 H 39 3 ingly soluble in 
 
 boiling ether. 
 (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 Z>Z'ARACHIN. Almost insoluble in cold, very 
 Cgo H 88 12 = C 6 H B 3 , 3 HO, 2 C^ H 39 Os sparingly sol- 
 uble in warm 
 
 ether ; more soluble in bisulphide of carbon. (Ber- 
 thelot, loc. cit. ) 
 
 TV/ARACHIN. Like the preceding, it is very 
 C 126 H 122 12 = C 6 H 5 3 , 3 C^ Hgo 3 sparingly solu- 
 ble in ether. 
 (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 ARACHAMID. Insoluble in water. Tolerably 
 ( C H easily soluble in hot, 
 C"4o H 41 N 2 = N | jj^ 2 j esg soluble in cold al- 
 cohol of 95 %. (Sche- 
 ven & Gcessmann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 97. 263.) 
 ARBUTIN (GLUCOSIDE OF HYDROKINONE). 
 
 624 H 16 14 = & ?*" H o ( 4 & + Aq Very easily 
 C 12 H n 10 $ soluble in 
 
 boiling, less soluble in cold water. Less soluble 
 in alcohol. Almost insoluble in ether. 
 ARCTUVIN. Vid. HydroKinone. 
 ARETHOSB. Miscible in all proportions with 
 C 4 H 6 As water, and alcohol. 
 
 ARGENT ACETAMID. Soluble in water. (Streck- 
 er, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1O3. 324.) 
 
 ARGENTAMMELID._ Very hygroscopic. Com- 
 2")2 pletely insoluble in 
 water. Easily sol- 
 uble in nitric acid 
 and in ammonia-water. (Knapp, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1837,21. 252.) 
 ARGENTAMMELIN. Ppt. 
 G 2 2 " 
 (0, N) 2 
 
 7* 
 
 Ag 
 
 ARGENTATE OF POTASH. Insoluble in water. 
 (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 ARGENTOBROMATE(&C.) OF AMMONIA. Vid. 
 AmmonioBromate(&c.) of Silver. 
 
 ARGENTOCYANIDE OF X. Vid. Cyanide of 
 X and of Silver. 
 
 ARICIN. Almost insoluble in water. Eeadily 
 ( Cinchovatin. Cusconin. soluble in alcohol, but 
 Isomeric with Brucin.) mucll more m hot than 
 
 C46 H 26 N 28 = N 2 \ C 46 H 260 8 VI in cold ; less easily sol- 
 uble in ether. Soluble in acids, with combination, 
 forming salts which are generally tolerably easily 
 soluble in water. (Manzini, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 6. 127.) Less soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of sodium than in water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. Its salts are generally 
 readily soluble in water, and alcohol, but insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIN. Soluble in water, and alco- 
 
 (Serpentariit,from Aris- hoi. (Chevallier.) 
 toluchia Serpentaria.) 
 
 C 8 H 4 Ag N 6 2 = N 3 
 
ARSENIC ACID. 
 
 47 
 
 ARNATTO. Vtd. Annotto. 
 
 ARNICIN. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol. Soluble in 
 ether. (Lebourdais, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 
 63.) Sparingly soluble in water ; more abundant- 
 ly soluble in alcohol, and ether. Decomposed by 
 caustic alkalies. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, with 
 combination. (Bastick.) 
 
 ASCLEPIADIN. 
 
 ( Tetrallylarsonium.) 
 
 C u H 20 As = As (C 6 H 5 ) 4 
 
 ARSENAMYL (?). Soluble in water. (W. 
 Gibbs.) 
 
 ARSENBUTTL. Soluble in water. (W. Gibbs.) 
 (Cacodyl of Valeric aci^.) 
 
 ARSENdft'ETHYL. Insoluble in water. Eeadily 
 ( Vinocacodyl. DlArse- soluble in ether and in abso- 
 nide of Ethyl. Eihyl- lute a i co h o l ; water precipi- 
 
 As(C H) tates u frora the alcoholic 
 
 solution. (Landolt,^Lnn. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 89. 319.) 
 
 ARSENETHYL. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 (Arsen Ethyl. TrLArsen- in absolute alcohol. Easily 
 
 Ethylamin.) ^ ^ soluble' in spirit, and ether. 
 
 C 12 H 15 As = As \ ct I g (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u.Pharm., 
 
 <cX 89.322.) 
 
 ARSENETHYLIC ACID. Very deliquescent. 
 (Ethyl Cacodylic Add. Easily soluble in 
 
 Met ArsenMethylic Acid) watpr nnrl alr-nhnl 
 
 C 8 H u As0 4 = (C 4 H 5 ) 2 As0 3 ,HO ater > fl 
 
 Very sparingly sol- 
 
 uble in ether. Only slightly attacked by acids. 
 
 ARSENETHYLATE OF BARYTA. Deliquescent. 
 Very easily soluble in water ; more difficultly sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 ARSENETHYLATE OF COPPER. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 ARSENETHYLATE ofsesguioxide OF IRON. 
 Difficultly soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 ARSENETHYLATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 ARSENETHYLATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 ARSENETHYLATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Deliquescent. 
 
 ARSENETHYLATE OF SILVER. Ppt. Soluble 
 in ammonia-water. 
 
 ARSENETHYLIUM. Not isolated. Its salts are 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 As readily soluble in water. 
 
 ARSENIC ACID. On allowing a portion of the 
 As0 6 anhydrous acid to deliquesce in the air, the 
 deliquium being poured off twice a day and 
 kept by itself, and finally concentrating this so- 
 lution by heat, until on cooling it to 12.5 a portion 
 of solid acid separated out, a clear liquid of 2.55 
 sp. gr. was obtained : on exposure to the air this 
 liquid absorbed moisture, and after a few days its 
 sp. gr. had fallen to 1.935. On cooling the con- 
 centrated solution, of 2.55 sp. gr., to 26.25 by 
 means of a freezing mixture, and keeping it at this 
 temperature during half an hour, it exhibited no 
 tendency to solidify, but remained perfectly fluid. 
 100 pts. of this strong solution were found to con- 
 tain 71 pts. of As O 5 , hence 1 pt. of the acid is 
 soluble is 0.405 pt. of water at 12.5; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 12.5 dissolve 244.81 pts. of it. (A. 
 Vogel, Kastner's Archiv., 1826, 9. 319.) Soluble 
 in 0.5 pt. of water. (Thenard.) Soluble in 6 
 parts of cold water, and, more quickly in 2 
 parts of hot water. (Bucholz.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.56 dissolve 150 pts. of arsenic acid. 
 (Ure's Diet.) The aqueous solution saturated at 
 
 15 contains 15% of it. (M. R. &P.) When an- 
 hydrous arsenic acid is treated with water, a por- 
 tion dissolves at once, but the remainder separates 
 as a powder, which, however, dissolves completely 
 after long-continued digestion with water, espe- 
 cially if the mixture is frequently agitated. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol. Only very slightly soluble in 
 the fatty oils, 1000 pts. of oil dissolving only 0.2 
 pt. of it in the cold, and about 1 pt. of it, with 
 partial decomposition, when boiling. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 2. 259.) 1000 pts. of boiling poppy-oil 
 dissolve 27 pts. of it. 1000 pts. of boiling castor- 
 oil dissolve 34 pts. of it. (Heimpel & Grundner.) 
 Much more soluble in alcohol than arsenious acid. 
 (L. Gmelin.) It is not precipitated by sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen from solutions containing citric 
 acid. (Spiller.) 
 
 E. Kopp distinguishes several definite hydrates 
 of arsenic acid, as follows : 
 
 a = anhydrous. Permanent. Insoluble in. water or 
 AsO 5 in ammonia-water. 
 
 6 = As0 6) HO Slowly soluble in cold water. 'Tol- 
 erably easily soluble in slightly warm 
 water, with evolution of heat, 
 c = As B , 2 HO Tolerably easily soluble in water, 
 
 with evolution of much heat 
 d=As0 5 ,3HO Easily soluble in water, without 
 
 notable change of temperature. 
 e = As0 3 ,4HO Extremely deliquescent. Instantly 
 
 soluble in water, with production 
 of cold. (E. Kopp, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 
 106.) 
 
 Of the trisarseniates, water dissolves only those 
 of the more soluble alkalies ; the others are sol- 
 uble in acids and in solutions of ammoniacal 
 salts. 
 
 Most of them are soluble in arsenic acid. (Du- 
 
 mas, TV.) 
 
 
 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 lution of sp. gr. 
 (at 15) 
 
 Contains 
 (by experi- 
 ment) per 
 cent of 
 3HO,As0 5 . 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 lution ofsp.gr. 
 (at 15) 
 
 Contains 
 (by experi- 
 ment) per 
 cent of 
 3IIO.As0 . 
 
 1.0495 . . 
 
 7.5 . 
 
 . . 1.2350 . . 
 
 . 30 
 
 1.1052 
 
 15.0 
 
 1.3973 
 
 45 
 
 1.1666 
 
 22.5 
 
 1.7346 
 
 67.4 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula : 
 D = 1 + 0.006634 p + 0.00001964 p? -f 0.0000- 
 006474 p 3 , in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution 
 and p the percentage of substance in the solution, 
 by means of which Ott has calculated the follow- 
 ing table : 
 
 Sp. Or. Per Cent Per Ct. 
 (at 15) of of 
 
 3HO,As0 5 . As O 5 
 
 1.0066. 
 
 . 1 . 
 
 . 0.81 
 
 1.0133 
 
 2 
 
 1.62 
 
 1.0201 
 
 3 
 
 2.43 
 
 1.0269 
 
 4 
 
 3.24 
 
 1.0337 
 
 5 
 
 4.05 
 
 1.0406 
 
 6 
 
 4.86 
 
 1.0476 
 
 7 
 
 5.67 
 
 1.0546 
 
 8 
 
 6.48 
 
 1.0618 
 
 9 
 
 7.29 
 
 1.0690 
 
 10 
 
 8.10 
 
 1.0762 
 
 11 
 
 8.91 
 
 1.0835 
 
 12 
 
 9.72 
 
 1.0910 
 
 13 
 
 10.53 
 
 1.0985 
 
 14 
 
 11.34 
 
 1.4061 
 
 15 
 
 12.15 
 
 1.1138 
 
 16 
 
 12.96 
 
 1.1216. 
 
 . 17. 
 
 . 13.77 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 Per Cent 
 
 Per Ct. 
 
 (at 15) 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 3HO, As 5 . 
 
 As O s . 
 
 1.1295 
 
 . . 18.. 
 
 14.58 
 
 1.1376 
 
 19 
 
 15.39 
 
 1.1457 
 
 20 
 
 16.20 
 
 1.1540 
 
 21 
 
 17.01 
 
 1.1624 
 
 22 
 
 17.82 
 
 1.1708 
 
 23 
 
 18.63 
 
 1.1794 
 
 24 
 
 19.44 
 
 1.1882 
 
 25 
 
 20.25 
 
 1.1971 
 
 26 
 
 21.06 
 
 1.2062 
 
 27 
 
 21.87 
 
 1.2154 
 
 28 
 
 22.68 
 
 1.2247 
 
 29 
 
 23.49 
 
 1 .2342 
 
 30 
 
 24.30 
 
 1.2438 
 
 31 
 
 25.11 
 
 1.2536 
 
 32 
 
 25.92 
 
 1.2636 
 
 33 
 
 26.73 
 
 1.2737 
 
 . . 34 . . 
 
 27.54 
 
'48 
 
 ARSEN1ATES. 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per Cent Per Ct. 
 
 (at 15). of of 
 
 3HO,As 6 . As 5 . 
 
 1.2840 . . 35 . . 28.35 
 
 1.2945 36 29.16 
 
 1.3051 37 29.97 
 
 1.3160 38 30.78 
 
 1.3270 39 31.59 
 
 1.3382 40 32.40 
 
 1.3496 41 33.21 
 
 1.3612 42 34.02 
 
 1.3730 43 34.83 
 
 1.3850 44 35.64 
 
 1.3973 45 36.45 
 
 1.4097 46 37.26 
 
 .4224 47 38.07 
 
 .4352 48 38.88 
 
 .4483 49 39.69 
 
 .4617 50 40.5d 
 
 .4753 51 41.31 
 
 .4891.. 52 . . 42.12 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per Cent Per Ct 
 
 (at 15). of of 
 
 3HO,AsO 5 . As O 5 . 
 
 1.5031 . . 53 ..42.93 
 
 1.5174 54 43.74 
 
 1.5320 55 44.55 
 
 1.5468 56 45.36 
 
 1.5618 57 46.17 
 
 1.5771 58 46.98 
 
 1.5927 59 47.79 
 
 1.6086 60 48.60 
 
 1.6247 61 49.41 
 
 1.6411 62 50.22 
 
 1.6578 63 51.03 
 
 1.6747 64 51.84 
 
 1.6919 65 52.65 
 
 1.7095 66 53.46 
 
 1.7274 67 54.27 
 
 1.7455 68 55.08 
 
 1.7639 69 55.89 
 
 1.7827 . . 70 . . 56.70 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann, Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 
 193.) 
 
 ARSENIATB OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water, soluble in acids. 
 
 2 A1 2 O a , 3 As 5 (Berthier.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OP AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) tris. Difficultly soluble in water. Less 
 
 3 N H 4 0, As 5 soluble in water than the dinarse- 
 
 niate. 
 
 II.) din. Effloresces, with decomposition. More 
 
 2NH 4 O,HO, As Og + Aq soluble in water than the 
 
 trisarseniate. (Mitschcrlich.) 
 
 III.) mono. Permanent. Very easily soluble in 
 
 NH 4 0, 2 HO, As0 5 water. 
 
 ARSENIATB OF AMMONIA & OF BARYTA. 
 I.) = N H 4 0, Ba 0, H 0, As 5 Easily efflorescent. 
 Insoluble in water. 
 (Baumann.) 
 II.) = NH 4 0, 2BaO, As0 5 + 4Aq Ppt. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 3 N H t 0, Cu 0, As B + Aq Permanent. Soluble in 
 ammonia-water. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF AMMONIA & OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 I.) N H 4 0, Ca 0, H 0, As O f 
 
 II.) Efflorescent. Slightly soluble in water, 
 N H 4 0, 2 Ca 0, As 5 + 13 Aq and in a solution of 
 chloride of ammo- 
 nium. Sparingly soluble in ammonia- water. 
 (Wach.) 
 
 ARSENIATB OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 2 Mg 0, N H 4 0, As O s + 12 Aq Slowly efflorescent. 
 Very difficultly solu- 
 ble in water, easily soluble in acids. (Wach.) 
 
 Very difficultly soluble in ammonia- water. (Le- 
 vol.) Of the salt dried at 100 (= 2 Mg O, 
 N H* O, As B + Aq), 1 part dissolves in 4926. 
 pts. water at 15 ; and of the anhydrous salt, 1 pt. re- 
 quires 5154 pts. water at 15. Itis much more diffi- 
 cultly soluble in ammoniacal water : 1 pt. of the 
 salt dried at 100 requiring 9260 pts. of a mixture 
 of 1 pt. of solution of ammonia (of 0.96 sp. gr.) 
 and 7 pts. water, at 15; 1 pt. of the anhydrous 
 salt requires 9709 pts. of the same mixture at 15. 
 It is much more soluble in water which contains 
 chloride of ammonium : 1 pt. of the anhydrous 
 salt requiring 1600 pts. of a solution of 1 pt. chlo- 
 ride of ammonium in 70 pts. water, and 1044 pts. 
 of a solution of 1 pt. chloride of ammonium in 7 
 pts. water. The presence of ammonia diminishes 
 
 its solubility in solutions of chloride of ammo- 
 nium : 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt requiring for 
 its solution 2790 pts. of a liquor containing 60 pts. 
 water, 10 pts. ammonia (of 0.96 sp. gr.) and 1 pt. 
 chloride of ammonium, and 1810 pts. of a mix- 
 ture of 1 pt. chloride of ammonium, 1 pt. caustic 
 ammonia solution, and 6 pts. water. (Fra?nkel, 
 in Fresenius's Quant., p. 156 ; from J. pr. Chew.., 
 56. 33.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF AMMONIA & OF MANGANESE. 
 2 Mn 0, N H 4 0, As 5 , + 12 Aq Insoluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Read- 
 ily soluble in dilute acids. (Otto.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. Solu- 
 N H 4 0, Na 0, H 0, As 5 + 8 Aq ble in water. 
 ARSENIATE OF AMMONIA & OF STRONTIA. 
 
 2 Sr O, N H 4 0, As B + Aq Pptr 
 
 ARSENIATE OF AMMONIA with MOLTBDIO 
 
 3 N H 4 0, As B ; 6 (H 0, 4 Mo 3 ) ACID. Insoluble in 
 
 water, and in nitric 
 
 or other acid, or in solutions of salts, when in 
 presence of a tolerable excess of molybdate of am- 
 monia mixed with excess of acid. (Seligsohn, 
 cited by Fresenius, Quant., p. 157.) 
 
 ARSENIATB OF ANTIMONY. Ppt. Decom- 
 posed by water. (Berthier.) Insoluble in water. 
 Insoluble in acids after it has once been ignited ; 
 but when recently precipitated it is soluble in con- 
 centrated boiling chlorhydric and sparingly solu- 
 ble in nitric acid. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) tris. Permanent. Very sparingly soluble 
 3 BaO, AsO fi & -f 4Aq in water; somewhat more 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 41. 315.) Its solubility in water is not increased 
 by the presence of salts of ammonia, soda, or pot- 
 ash (Laugier) ; but arseniate of baryta is not 
 precipitated from solutions containing citrate of 
 soda. (Spiller.) Readily soluble in cold nitric 
 or chlorhydric acid (Berzelius), or tartaric, or 
 acetic acid. (Aiithon.) 
 
 II. ) din. Very difficultly soluble in water, but 
 2BaO,HO, As0 6 + 3Aq is decomposed to an insol- 
 uble basic and a soluble 
 acid salt when washed with water. (Berzelius.) 
 Insoluble in water. (Dumas, Tr.) Sparingly 
 soluble in cold acids. (Kotschouby.) 
 
 III.) mono. Easily soluble in water. (Berze- 
 Ba 0, 2 HO, As O s lius, Mitscherlich . ) 
 
 IV.) The crystals of the monacid salt (III.) 
 Ba O, 4 HO, 2 As 5 are decomposed by cold water, 
 but this bin-acid salt is scarcely 
 decomposed by boiling water. (Setterberg.) 
 
 V.) Compound of Nos. I. & II. Ppt. (Ber- 
 !BaO,AsO s ; 2BaO, HO,As0 5 zelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 378.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water, 
 BiO 3 "', As0 5 + 2Aq or nitric acid. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Thenard.) Very 
 oluble in arsenic acid. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Insoluble 
 CeO, As 5 in water. Soluble in arsenic acid 
 (Berzelius), and in the acids generally. 
 ARSENIATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 I.) Ppt. Insoluble in water. Soluble in an 
 queous solution of chloride of chromium, but 
 nsoluble in a solution of arseniate of soda. (T. 
 Thompson, Phil. Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 212.) 
 II.) acid. Decomposed by water. (Ibid.) 
 
ARSENIATE S. 
 
 49 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) tris. Permanent. Insoluble, even in boil- 
 3 Co 0, As 0,4-8 Aq ing water. Easily soluble in 
 (Cobalt bloom.) chlorhydric, and nitric acids, 
 
 and in ammonia-water. (Proust) Soluble in ar- j 
 senic acid. Soluble*in a weak aqueous solution | 
 of protosulphate of iron. (Kersten.) 
 
 II) acid. Soluble in water. (Kersten.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of sesquioxide OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF CINCHONIN. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ARSENIATE of dinoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) acid. Known only in solution. 
 
 11.) tris? Ppt. Soluble in ammonia- water. 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I. tris. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 3CuO,As0 5 the stronger acids, and even in sul- 
 phurous acid ; also soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. (A.Vogel.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF COPPER & OF URANIUM. 
 
 CuO,Ur 2 O 3 , AsO 6 + 8Aq 
 
 ARSENIATE OF DIDTMIUM. Insoluble or very 
 
 5DiO,2AsO 5 + 2HO nearly insoluble in water. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in weak 
 
 acids. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 
 
 164.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 (diEt/iyl Arsenic Acid.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF ETHYL & OF BARYTA. 
 ARSENIATE OF GLUCINA. Insoluble in water. 
 2G1 2 O 8 , 3AsO 5 Soluble in arsenic acid, a soluble 
 
 acid salt being formed. (Berzelius, 
 
 in his Lehrb.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF IRIDIUM (irO 2 ). Ppt. 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) tris. Insoluble in water. 
 3 Fe O, As O 5 + 6 Aq 
 
 II.) din. Sparingly soluble in ammonia-water. 
 2FeO, HO, AsO 5 Insoluble in solutions of arse- 
 niate of ammonia or of other am- 
 monia salts. (Wittstein.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide & of peroxide OF IRON. 
 Fe O, Fe 2 O 2 , As O B + 6 Aq Insoluble in water. Read- 
 ily soluble in chlorhydric, 
 
 and nitric acids. Decomposed by caustic potash. 
 ARSENIATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 I.) " proto." Easily soluble in acids. Insoluble 
 Fe 2 O 8 , As O 6 +5 Aq in ammonia- water. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 II.) "neutral." Insoluble in water. When re- 
 
 2Fe 2 3 ,3HO, 3As0 6 + 9Aq cently precipitated it 
 
 is soluble in caustic 
 
 ammonia, more slowly after having once become 
 dry. ( Dcebcreiner, Wittstein, Ber/elius.) Sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric, and nitric acids. Insoluble 
 in acetic acid, in arseniate of ammonia, or in other 
 aminoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) Soluble in warm 
 sulphurous acid, and in a warm solution of sul- 
 phite of ammonia, with decomposition. (Berthier, 
 Ann. Ch. ft Phys., (3.) 7. 79.) 
 
 III.) din. Insoluble in water, or ammonia- 
 2 Fe 2 3 , As B -4- 12 Aq water. 
 
 IV.) Insoluble in water, or ammonia-water. 
 16Fe 2 3 ,AsO B + 24Aq. (Berzelius.) 
 
 AHSENIATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF LIME. 
 
 ARSENIATE & SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF 
 (Mn 2 3 , 6Fe 2 3 )3As0 6 ,4S0 3 + 4.5Aq IRON & OF 
 
 MANGANESE. 
 
 7 
 
 By long-continued boiling with wafer it is decom- 
 posed, sulphuric acid being removed. Easily sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric, and nitric acids. (Laugier.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) tris. Insoluble in water. Insoluble in am- 
 3PbO, AsO B monia- water, and in solutions -of 
 ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) "Ar- 
 seniate of lead " is not precipitated from solutions 
 containing citrate of soda (Spillcr) ; it is soluble 
 in a saturated aqueous solution of chloride of so- 
 dium. (Becquerel, C. B., 1845, 20. 1523.) 
 
 II.) din. Insoluble in water, or acetic acid. 
 2PbO, As O B Soluble in chlorhydric, and nitric 
 acids. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF LEAD with CHLORIDE OF 
 3 (3 Pb O, As O B ) ; Pb Cl LEAD. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) tris. Insoluble in water. Soluble in arsenic 
 8CaO,AsO B + 3Aq acid. 
 
 II.) din. Insoluble in water. Soluble in chlor- 
 
 2 OaO.HO, AsOj + 3 Aq hydric, and nitric acids; 
 
 also in aqueous solutions of 
 sulphate, nitrate, and acetate of ammonia, and 
 of chloride of ammonium. (Pfaff.) Soluble hi 
 arsenic acid. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 41. 315.) 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in water. 
 CaO,2IIO,AsO 5 + Aq 
 
 IV.) basic. 
 6CaO, AsO 5 + 6Aq 
 
 ARSENIATE OF LIME & OF MAGNESIA. 
 3CaO,AsO B ; 3MgO,AsO 5 Soluble in nitric acid. 
 (Kuehn.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) din. Insoluble in water. Previous to igni- 
 2MgO, H O, AsO 6 +14Aq tion it is easily soluble in 
 nitric acid, but after igni- 
 tion it is insoluble. (Graham.) 1000 pts. of boil- 
 ing water dissolve 1.5 pts. of it. (T. Thompson, 
 in his System of Chc-m., London, 1831, 2. 533.) 
 
 [Compare Bergman, Essays, 1. 446.] 
 
 II.) mono. Easily soluble in water. 
 MgO,HO,AsO B 
 
 III.) fris. Ppt. 
 
 3 Mg O, As O 5 -t- 15 Aq 
 
 * ARSENIATE OF MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. 
 2MgO, KO,AsO B Partially decomposed by water. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SODA. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) din. Insoluble in water. Soluble in nitric, 
 
 2 Mn O, II O, As O B and sulphuric acids. (Liebig.) 
 
 Soluble in arsenic acid. (John.) 
 
 II.) fris. Ppt. 
 
 ARSENIATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) din. Insoluble in water, alcohol, acetic acid, 
 2 Ug 2 O, HO, As O 6 + Aq or ammonia-water. Sol- 
 uble in arsenic, and nitric 
 
 acids. Sparingly soluble in nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Simon.) 
 
 II.) mono. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 Hg 2 0,As0 5 acetic acid. Less soluble in nitric acid 
 than the di-salt. (Simon.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY with 
 2 Hg 2 0,As 6 ; Hg 2 0, N B NITRATE of dinoxide OF 
 
50 
 
 ARSENIATES. 
 
 MERCURY. Insoluble in water, or acetic acid. 
 Soluble in nitric acid. (Simon.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 2 Hg O, As O 6 uble in water. Soluble in arsenic, 
 and nitric acids. (Bergman.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 2 Mo O, II O, As O 5 Soluble in an excess of proto- 
 
 chloride of molybdenum. 
 ARSENIATE ofbinoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. 
 MoO, HO, AsO s 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in arsenic acid, and ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. 
 
 I.) crystals. Soluble in water. Decomposed at 
 first, but finally dissolved by alcohol. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 tris. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in am- 
 
 3 Ni O, As O 5 + 8 Aq monia- water. Soluble in arse- 
 
 nic acid, and in the stronger 
 mineral acids. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF PALLADIUM. Ppt. 
 
 ARSENIATE ofbinoxide OF PLATINUM. Easily 
 soluble in nitric acid. (Thompson.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) tris. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. (Gra- 
 3KO, As O 6 ham.) "Arseniate of potash" is 
 soluble in 26.666 pts. of strong boil- 
 ing alcohol. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 
 300. [T.].) 
 
 II.) din. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 2 K O, H O, As O B ( Scheele, in Dumas's 7V. ) 
 
 III.) mono. Very soluble in water, especially 
 o = anhydrous. K O, As O s in hot water. (Dumas, 
 
 TV., 6. 223.) 
 
 6 = hydrated. K 0, 2 H O, As O B Permanent. Solu- 
 ble in 5.3 pts. of 
 
 water at 6. 100 pts. of water at 5.5 dissolve 
 19.047 pts. of it, forming a solution of 1.1134 sp. 
 gr. (at 15.5). Much more soluble in hot than in 
 cold water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Thompson.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Similar 
 K O, Na O, H O, As O 5 + 16 Aq to the corresponding 
 phosphate. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF QUININE. Soluble in water. 
 It resembles the phosphate. 
 
 ARSENIATE ofbinoxide OF RHODIUM. Ppt. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) tris. Insoluble in water. Solubleinammo- 
 
 3 Ag O, As O s nia-water, and in acids. (Scheele.) 
 
 Readily soluble in a solution of car- 
 bonate of ammonia, but not in solutions of sul- 
 phate, nitrate, or succinate of ammonia, even when 
 these are hot. (Wittstein.) Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in a solution of nitrate of ammonia ; more 
 freely soluble in acetic acid. (Graham.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the soluble hyposulphites, 
 though less readily than the phosphate, chloride, 
 carbonate, oxalate, borate, or sulphite of silver. 
 (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 397.) Ar- 
 senidte of silver is not precipitated from solutions 
 containing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) acid. Decomposed by water. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF SILVER with SULPHATE OF 
 2 Ag O, As OB ; Ag O, S O 3 SILVER. Decomposed by 
 water, and dilute sulphu- 
 ric acid. (Setterberg.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) tris. Permanent in dry air. Soluble in 3.57 
 3 Na O, As O s + 24 Aq pts. of water at 15.5 (Gra- 
 ham) ; or 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 15.5 dissolve 28 pts. of it. (Berzelius, Lehrb,) 
 Melts in its water of crystallisation at 85.5. 
 
 Soluble in 3.75 pts. of water at 17 ; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 17 dissolve 26.7 pts. of it; or, the 
 aqueous solution saturated at 17 contains 21.1% 
 of it, or 10.4% of the anhydrous salt, and is of 
 1.1186 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1860, 113. 350.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of sp. gr. Contains (by experiment) 
 (at 17) per cent of 
 
 3 Na O, As O 5 + 24 Aq. 
 
 1.0226 4.22 
 
 1.0460 8.44 
 
 1.0577 10.55 
 
 1.0938 16.88 
 
 1.1186 21.10 
 
 From these results Schiff' deduces the formula : 
 D = I +0.005331 p + 0.00001351 p' 2 , in which 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the percent- 
 age of substance in the solution, by means of which 
 Ott has calculated the following table : 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 Per Cent of 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 (at 17). 
 
 3 Na O, As 5 
 
 3 Na O, As O s . 
 
 
 + 24 Aq. 
 
 
 1 .0053 . 
 
 . . . . 1 . 
 
 . 0.491 
 
 1.0107 
 
 2 
 
 0.981 
 
 1.0161 
 
 3 
 
 1.472 
 
 1.0215 
 
 4 
 
 1.962 
 
 1.0270 
 
 5 
 
 2.453 
 
 1.0325 
 
 6 
 
 2.944 
 
 1.0380 
 
 7 
 
 3.434 
 
 1.0435 
 
 8 
 
 3.925 
 
 1.0491 
 
 9 
 
 4.415 
 
 1.0547 
 
 10 
 
 4.906 
 
 1.0603 
 
 11 
 
 5.396 
 
 1.0659 
 
 12 
 
 5.887 
 
 1.0716 
 
 13 
 
 6.378 
 
 1.0773 
 
 14 
 
 6.868 
 
 1.0830 
 
 15 
 
 7.359 
 
 1.0887 
 
 16 
 
 7.849 
 
 1.0945 
 
 17 
 
 8.340 
 
 1.1003 
 
 18 
 
 8.831 
 
 1.1061 
 
 19 
 
 9.321 
 
 1.1120 
 
 20 
 
 9.812 
 
 1.1179 
 
 21 
 
 10.302 
 
 1.1238 . 
 
 . . . . 22 . 
 
 . 10.793 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 195.) 
 
 "Arseniate of Soda" is soluble in 60 pts. .of 
 boiling alcohol. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, 
 p. 300. [T.].) 
 
 II.) din. 
 
 a = anhydrous. 2 Na O, As O B Less soluble in water 
 than the mono-arse- 
 niate. 
 
 6 = 2NaO,HO, AsO B + 15Aq Permanent. Solu- 
 ble in water. (L. 
 Gmelin.) 
 
 c = 2 Na O, H O, As O s + 24 Aq Quickly efflorescent 
 Readily soluble in 
 
 water. (Mitscherlich.) Soluble in 1.79 pts. of 
 water at 14; or 100 parts of water at 14 dissolve 
 56 pts. of it ; or an aqueous solution saturated at 
 14 contains 35.9% of it, or 16.5% of the anhy- 
 drous salt, and is of 1.1722 sp.gr. (H. Schiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 350.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 7.2 dissolve 22.268 pts. of it. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. When heated it melts in its water of 
 crystallization. (Thompson? [T.].) 
 
ARSENIC. 
 
 51 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 of sp. gr. (at 14) 
 
 1 0169 . . 
 
 Contains (by experiment) 
 per cent of 
 2NaO, HO,As0 5 + 24Aq. 
 
 ... 4.0 
 
 1.0344 
 1.0525 
 1.0714 
 1.1102 
 1.1722 . 
 
 8.0 
 12.0 
 16.0 
 23.9 
 35.9 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula : 
 D = 1 -J- 0.00416 p + 0.00001805 p 2 , in which 
 D the sp. gr. of the solution and p the percent- 
 age of substance contained in it, by means of 
 which Ott has calculated the following table : 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 Per Cent of 
 
 Per Cent of the 
 
 (at 14). 
 
 2NaO,HO,As0 5 +24Aq 
 
 anhydrous salt. 
 
 1.0042 
 
 1 ... 
 
 . . 0.463 
 
 1.0084 
 
 2 
 
 0.925 
 
 1.0126 
 
 3 
 
 1.388 
 
 1.0168 
 
 4 
 
 1.850 
 
 1.0212 
 
 5 
 
 2.313 
 
 1.0256 
 
 6 
 
 2.776 
 
 1 .0300 
 
 7 
 
 3.238 
 
 1 0344 
 
 8 
 
 3.701 
 
 1 .0389 
 
 9 
 
 4.163 
 
 1.0434 
 
 10 
 
 4.626 
 
 1.0479 
 
 11 
 
 5.089 
 
 1.0525 
 
 12 
 
 5.551 
 
 1.0571 
 
 13 
 
 6.014 
 
 1.0618 
 
 14 
 
 6.476 
 
 1.0665 
 
 15 
 
 6.939 
 
 1.0712 
 
 16 
 
 7.402 
 
 1.0759 
 
 17 
 
 7.864 
 
 1.0807 
 
 18 
 
 8.327 
 
 1.0855 
 
 19 
 
 8.789 
 
 1.0904 
 
 20 
 
 9.252 
 
 1.0953 
 
 21 
 
 9.715 
 
 1.1002 
 
 22 
 
 10.177 
 
 1.1052 
 
 23 
 
 10.640 
 
 1.1102 
 
 24 
 
 11.102 
 
 1.1153 
 
 25 
 
 ll".565 
 
 1.1204 
 
 26 
 
 12.028 
 
 1.1255 
 
 27 
 
 12.490 
 
 1.1306 
 
 28 
 
 12.953 
 
 1.1358 
 
 29 
 
 13.415 
 
 1.1410 
 
 30 
 
 13.878 
 
 .1463 
 
 31 
 
 14.341 
 
 .1516 
 
 32 
 
 14.803 
 
 .1569 
 
 33 
 
 15.266 
 
 .1623 
 
 34 
 
 15.728 
 
 .1677 
 
 35 
 
 16.191 
 
 .1731 
 
 36 
 
 16.654 
 
 .1786 
 
 37 
 
 17.116 
 
 .1841 
 
 38 
 
 17.579 
 
 .1896 
 
 39 
 
 18.041 
 
 .1952 
 
 ... 40 ... 
 
 18.504 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pliarm., 1860, 113. 
 194.) 
 
 III.) mono. Permanent. More soluble in wa- 
 Na 0, 2 U 0, As 5 + 2 Aq ter than thedinarseniate. 
 (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OP SODA & OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 Na O, 2 Ur 2 3 , As 5 + 5 Aq 
 
 ARSENIATE OF SODA with FLUORIDE OF So- 
 
 3NaO, As0 5 ; Na Fl + 24 Aq DIDM. Soluble in 9.5 
 
 pts. of water at 25. 
 
 Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 75. (Briegleb, in 
 Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF SODA with SULPHATE OF SODA. 
 a = 2 Na 0, As 5 ; Na 0, S 3 Permanent. 
 4 = 4 Na 0, 3 As O 5 ; 2 (Na O, S O 3 ) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) din. Insoluble in cold water. Decomposed 
 2 Sr O, H O, As O 5 + 3 Aq by hot water to a basic, 
 and a soluble acid salt. 
 
 Soluble in acetic acid, and very easily in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Kotschoubey.) 100 pts. of water at 
 15.5 dissolve 0.284 pt. of it. (T. Thompson, 
 in his System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 500.) 
 Soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 II.) mono. Easily soluble in arsenic acid. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water, 
 2 Th 0, As 5 or arsenic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 ARSENIATE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 2 Sn 0, As 0, 4- 10 Aq water, and in dilute nitric 
 acid. (Haeffely, Phil. Mag., 
 (4.) 10.291.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF TITANIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in chlorhydric, titanic, and arsenic 
 acids; also soluble in solutions of titanium salts. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. 
 
 II.) din. Ppt. Easily soluble in chlorhydric 
 2 Ur O, H O, As 3 + 3 Aq acid, and is not precipi- 
 tated from this solution 
 on the addition of water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 ARSENIATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) din. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) Sol- 
 2 Ur. 3 , HO, As 5 + 8 Aq uble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of carbonate of 
 
 potash. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 
 220.) 
 
 II.) mono. 
 Ur 2 3 , 2 H 0, As 5 + 3 Aq 
 
 ARSENIATE OF VANADIUM. 
 
 I.) "basic." Easily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) mono. Very slowly soluble even in boiling 
 V O 2) H 0, As0 5 water, or in water acidulated with 
 arsenic acid, but when once dis- 
 solved it does not separate out again on cooling 
 the solution. . Insoluble in alcohol. Quickly sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid. ( Berzelius.) 
 
 ARSENIATE ofteroxide OF VANADIUM (VANA- 
 2V0 3 , 3 HO, 3 As B Die ACID). Resembles the 
 phosphate. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 I.) tris. Insoluble in water or ammonia-water. 
 Soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 II.) din. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 2YO,As0 6 in nitric acid. Ammonia water de- 
 composes it to the tris-salt. 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in arsenic acid, the solu- 
 tion being decomposed on boiling. 
 
 ARSENIATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) tris. Insoluble in water. Soluble in arsenic, 
 and nitric acids. 
 
 II.) "acid." 
 
 ARSENIATE OF ZINC & OF ZINCAMMONIUM. 
 
 ,T <H,^ n J_QA^ Insoluble in water. 
 
 N | 3 o, 2 Zn 0, As 5 + 3 Aq ^^ ^ ^.^ ^ 
 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, and am- 
 monia. (Bette.) 
 
 ARSENIATE OF. ZIRCONIUM. Insoluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ARSENIC. Insoluble in water. Decomposed 
 
 As by water which contains air, arsenious acid 
 
 being formed and dissolved. Unacted upon 
 
 by chlorhydric acid when out of contact with the 
 
52 
 
 AKSENIOUS ACID. 
 
 air, hat when the two are exposed to the atmos- 
 phere a small quantity of chloride is formed. 
 Oxidized, with violence, by nitric acid, and aqua- 
 regia, also oxidized by concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol, or ether, but soluble in 
 many fatty oils, when heated therewith. 
 
 Arsenic is not attacked at the ordinary temper- 
 ature, 20, by nitric acid of any degree of concen- 
 tration whether pure or contaminated with nitrous 
 acid. Nor is it attacked by a mixture of nitric 
 and chlorhydric acids, so long as these, either from 
 being dilute or on account of a low temperature, 
 cannot react upon each other; but if the arsenic 
 is treated with a mixture of these acids in a state 
 of extreme dilution and a few drops of an aqueous 
 solution of nitrite of potash added, an action will 
 commence at once. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 6. 101.) All the metallic arsenides are in- 
 soluble in water; but those of the alkalies are 
 decomposed by water, and many of the others are 
 decomposed by weak acids. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF ALUMINUM. Slowly de.com- 
 posed by cold, rapidly by hot water. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF ANTIMONY. 
 
 ARSENIDE" OF BISMUTH. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF BUTYL. Vid. ArsenButyl. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF COBALT. 
 Co As 
 
 ARSENIDE OF COBALT with SULPHIDE OF 
 (Cobalt Glance.) COBALT. Soluble, with decom- 
 CoAs, Co 8 position, in nitric acid. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF ETHYL. Vid. ArscnEthyl. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF GLUCINUM. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF HYDROGEN. Vid. Arseniuret- 
 ted Hydrogen. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF IRON. Soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in nitric acid. 
 
 PrcrfoARSENIDE OF IRON With fo'SULPHIDE OF 
 
 FeAs;FeS 2 IRON. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in strong nitric acid, ami aqua-regia. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF MANGANESE. Slowly soluble 
 Mn 2 As in nitric acid. Soluble in aqua-regia. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 ARSENIDE OF MERCURY with CHLORIDE OF 
 MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Decomposed by boiling water. (Capitaine.) 
 HgAs; HgCl 
 
 II.)? Unacted upon by water or chlorhydric 
 (Brown sublimate.} acid. Decomposed by alkaline 
 solutions. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ARSENIDE OF METHYL. Vid. Cacodyl. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF NICKEL. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF NICKEL with I/SULPHIDE OF 
 NiAs;NiS s NICKEL. Soluble, with decomposi- 
 tion, in nitric acid. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF POTASSIUM. Decomposed by 
 As K, water. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF PROPYL. Vid. ArsenPropyl. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF SODIUM. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF TIN. Decomposed by acids. 
 
 ARSENIDE OF ZINC. 
 
 ARSENIOUS ACID. Occurs in two allotropic 
 AsO, modifications: 
 
 a = Crystalline (octohedral), white, or opaque. ] 
 (I = Amorphous, transparent, or glassy. 
 
 Both modifications are very slowly soluble in 
 cold, more quickly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 The remarkable variations in the results of the 
 different chemists who have attempted to deter- 
 mine the solubility of arsenious acid is not merely 
 dependent upon the fact that the two modifications 
 are of unlike solubility, but also upon the slow- 
 ness with which the acid dissolves, and upon the 
 circumstance that it does not completely dissolve 
 in the space of time usually allotted to similar 
 experiments when a portion of it is boiled with 
 very many times as much water as is required for 
 its ultimate solution, by which many observers 
 have doubtless been deceived. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 2. 256.) The hot aqueous solution contains 1 pt. 
 of As Os in 10 (a) 12 pts. of water ; on cooling the 
 solution a portion of arsenious acid separates out, 
 leaving a solution which contains 1 pt. of the acid 
 in every 20 < 30 pts. of water 
 
 1 pt. of As O 3 is soluble in 10.55 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Wenzel, in \\isLfhre vond. Verwandlschaft, 
 p. 444. [K.J.) In 11. 34 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Fischer.) Soluble in 11.86 pts. of water after 
 having been boiled therewith during ^ of an hour; 
 the saturated boiling solution containing 7.78% of 
 it. (Klaproth, loc. inf. cit.) Soluble in 12.2 pts. 
 of boiling water (Bucholz) ; in 15 pts. (Brandt, 
 Justi ; Bergman, Opusc., II. p. 192 [N.]j; in 16 
 pts. (Vogel) ; in 24 pts. (Lametherie) ; in 40 pts. 
 (Pcerncr) ; in 64 pts. (Baumc) ; in 80 pts. (Na- 
 vier, G&/?.nc/ifte des Arseniks, 1. 12 [N.]); in 200 
 pts. (Aschof & Nasse, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. 
 u. Phys., 1812, 5. 218) ; in 640 pts. (HagerT, Griind- 
 satze der C/u-mie, Konigsberg, 1796, p. 456 [K.j ; 
 in 7.72 pts., if it has previously become opaque, 
 and in 9.33 pts., if it is still transparent (Guibourt) ; 
 in 21 pts., if it is transparent, and in 24 pts., if 
 opaque. (Taylor.) 1 pt. of arsenious acid is 
 soluble in 53.3 pts. of water at 18.75. ( Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm , 8. 201, in Canstatt's 
 Jahresbericht, fiir 1854, p. 75.) Soluble in 30 pts. 
 of water at ?. (Mussembrock, cited in Ann. de 
 Chiin., 28. 288.) To dissolve 1 pt. of arsenious 
 acid in 12 pts. of water it is necessary to boil an 
 excess of it with the water ; if one part of the acid 
 is boiled with only 12 pts. of water a considerable 
 quantity remains undissolved ; even with 1 pt. of 
 the acid in 50 or 60 parts of water, long-continued 
 boiling is necessary to effect complete solution. 
 If a clear solution, saturated by long boiling with 
 excess of acid, and then poured off from the undis- 
 solved portion, be boiled down continuously to 
 one half of its original bulk, the whole of the acid 
 remains dissolved, so that the concentrated liquid 
 contains 1 pt. of the acid in 6 pts. of water. 
 (Fischer.) After this solution has been left to 
 stand for some time at ordinary temperatures, 1 pt. 
 of arsenious acid remains dissolved in 16 pts. of 
 water at 16, and in 20 pts. of water at 7 (Bu- 
 cholz) ; in 33 pts. of water (Klaproth) ; in 38.45 
 pts. of water after three days, in 55 pts. of water 
 after eight days, and in 64.50 pts. of water after 
 two or three weeks at 10 (Fischer) ; in 33.52 pts. 
 of water if the acid had become opaque before it 
 was dissolved, and in 55.06 pts. of water if it was 
 transparent at the time of solution (Guibourt); 
 in 38 pts. of water, after half a year, if it was 
 opaque, and in 53 < 7 1 parts of water, after forty- 
 eight hours, if it was transparent. (Taylor.) 
 
 When pulverized arsenious acid in excess is left 
 to digest for^several days in cold water, 1 pt. of it 
 dissolves in 50 pts. of the water (Bucholz) ; 1 pt. 
 
ARSENIOUS ACID. 
 
 53 
 
 of it dissolves in 66 pts. of the water (Fischer) ; 
 1 pt. of it dissolves in 80 pts. of the water at 15 
 (Bergman, Opusc., II. p. 192 [N.]); 1 pt. of it 
 dissolves in 80 pts. of water, if it had become 
 opaque, and in 103 pts., if it was still transparent 
 (Guihourt) ; 1 pt. of it dissolves in 96 pts. of water 
 at 10 (Spelman) ; 1 pt. of it dissolves in 9,6 pts. of 
 water at 35.55 (Hahneman, Uebtr die Arsenikvtr- 
 ijiftnng, p. 10 [N.]); 1 pt. of it dissolves in 320 
 pts. oif water at 20. ( Aschof & Nasse, Schweiyger's 
 Journ. fur Ch. u, Phys., 1812, 5. 218.) 
 
 100 pts. of water, after hoiling ^ hour, dissolve 
 8.434 pts. of it. After being in contact with it, 
 with frequent agitation, during 24 hours, 0.25 pt., 
 and when a boiling saturated solution is cooled to 
 about 15 and kept at this temperature during 3 
 days, 0.3 pt. (Klaproth, Schwciqger's J our n. fur 
 Ch. u. Phys., 1812, 6. 231.) " According to Kla- 
 proth, boiling water dissolves from 7 < 8% of white 
 oxide of arsenic, but on cooling it retains only 
 about 3% and this I find is gradually deposited 
 on the sides of the vessel till it is reduced to 2% 
 or less in cold weather, and by some months stand- 
 ing. Water of 15.56, .or under, dissolves no more 
 than i% of the oxide." (Dalton. in his New Sys- 
 tem, 2. 63.) 100 pts. of the aqueous solution of 
 the transparent modification saturated at 15 con- 
 tain 0.96 pt. of it, and 9.68 pts. when the solution 
 is saturated at the boiling-point. If one part of 
 pulverized arsenious acid be digested for 10 days 
 at 19 to 25 in from 5 to 10 parts of water, the 
 resulting solution contains 1 pt. of the acid in 50 
 pts. of water ; a solution of the same strength is 
 obtained in 25 days by digesting one part of the 
 acid in 40 pts. of water. If 1 pt. of the acid be 
 immersed in 80 pts. of water, the resulting solu- 
 tion contains Jg. ; with 160 pts. of water T * ; with 
 240 pts. of water ^l^ ; with 1000 pts. of water 
 YsVo ' an< ^ even when 1 pt. of acid is digested at 
 ordinary temperatures for several days with 16000 
 to 100,000 pts. of water a portion still remains un- 
 dissolved. Pulverized opaque arsenious acid was 
 immersed in various proportions of water, and the 
 liquid set aside in closed bottles and in a cool 
 place. After 18 years, the following results were 
 obtained: I pt. of AsO 3 in 1000 pts. of water: 
 perfect solution ; the liquid contained nothing but 
 arsenious acid and arsenic acid. 1 pt. As Os in 
 100 pts. of water: 0.017 pt. of the acid remained 
 undissolved. 1 pt. of the acid in 35 pts. of water: 
 the undissolved portion amounted to 0.35 pt., so 
 that the solution contained 1 pt. of acid in 54 pts. 
 of water. (L. Gnielin, in his Handbook, 4. 257.) 
 100 pts. of the aqueous solution of the opaque 
 modification saturated at 15 contain 1.25 pts. of 
 it, and 11.47 pts. when the solution is saturated at 
 the boiling-point. When the boiling solution has 
 become cold 2.90% of arsenious acid is retained 
 in solution. 
 
 Berzelius (Lehrb., 2. 255), citing [Guibourf?],re- | 
 marks : the porcelaneous modification is much the i 
 more soluble in water. 100 pts. of water at the 
 ordinary temperature dissolve 96 pt. of the glassy 
 modification and 1.25 pts. of that which has be- 
 come opaque" 100 pts. of hoiling water dissolve 
 9.68 pts. of the former and 11.47 pts. of the latter, 
 and when the temperature of this solution has 
 fallen to 15 the solution prepared with the glassy 
 modification retains 1.78 pts. while that prepared 
 with the opaque acid retains 2.9 pts. 
 
 Bussy finds that the vitreous acid dissolves more 
 quickly and more abundantly in water than that 
 which has become opaque ; the same quantity of 
 water which at 12 or 13 will take up 36r 38 pts. 
 
 of the former, will not dissolve more than 12 or 
 14 pts. of the latter. By long boiling with water, 
 the opaque acid is converted into the transparent 
 variety, that is to say, it acquires the solubility 
 of the latter, so that a litre of the fluid takes up 
 110 grms. of the acid. On the other hand by the 
 continued action of water and of a low tempera- 
 ture, the vitreous acid is converted into the opaque, 
 that is to say, the solution after a while becomes 
 weaker, retaining only the proportion of acid 
 which corresponds to the solubility of the opaque 
 variety. Comminution diminishes the solubility 
 of the opaque and increases that of the vitreous 
 acid. Arsenious acid which has been rendered 
 opaque by the action of ammonia, and that which 
 has been crystallised from an aqueous solution, 
 are equally soluble in water. The anomalies re- 
 lating to the solubility of arsenious acid in water 
 may perhaps be due to the simultaneous occur- 
 rence of both modifications of it in the solution. 
 (Bussy, C. R., 24. 774.) Very sparingly soluble 
 in absolute alcohol at ordinary temperatures. (A. 
 Vogel.) Soluble in 80 pts. of highly rectified al- 
 cohol. (Wenzel, in his Verwanatschaft, p. 300. 
 [T.].) When 1 pt. of powdered arsenious acid is 
 digested for 30 days in from 10 to 40 pts. of alco- 
 hol a solution is formed containing 1 pt. of acid 
 in 60 pts. of alcohol ; when 1 pt. of the acid is 
 digested with from 60 to 150 pts. of alcohol a so- 
 lution is formed containing 1 pt. of acid in 124 (a) 
 140 pts. of alcohol. (N. Fischer.) Soluble in 70 
 (8> 80 pts. of alcohol. Soluble in oils. (Thomp- 
 son's System.) Insoluble in ether. 
 
 Readily soluble in an aqueous solution of ar- 
 senite of ammonia (or in caustic ammonia) 
 when digested therewith at 70 (5) 80, crystallizing 
 out again in a state of purity as the solution cools. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 253.)' Slightly soluble with- 
 out alteration in the fatty oils, but the degree of 
 solubility varies with the different oils ; castor-oil 
 dissolves the most of any, 1000 pts. of this oil 
 dissolving 1.33 pts. of As Oa at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, and 9 pts. at the temperature of boiling. 
 Other oils dissolve in 1000 pts. 0.6 ( 0.8 pt. of it 
 in the cold, and about 1.7 pts. at the temperature 
 of boiling. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 256.) InsoU 
 uble in quinolein (leukol), or in anilin (Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 143, 169.) Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid ; in smaller quantity in sulphuric, or 
 nitric acid, and in still smaller in acetic acid. 
 
 The vitreous modification dissolves more rapidly 
 in chlorhydric acid than the opaque. (Bussy, loc. 
 cit.) Much more easily and abundantly soluble 
 in acids than in water. Some of the acids dissolve 
 it when hot, and deposit it entirely on cooling ; 
 but some of the vegetable acids as well as chlor- 
 hydric acid retain a considerable quantity even in 
 the cold. 
 
 Readily soluble in a hot aqueous solution of ben- 
 zoic acid, with combination ; the compound formed 
 being readily soluble in hot water. (Trommsdorrt'.) 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of tartaric and phos- 
 phoric acids. 
 
 Easily soluble in a cold aqueous solution of ox- 
 alic acid. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 327.) When 
 finely pulverized, it dissolves in a concentrated 
 boiling solution of oxalic acid, but separates again 
 on cooling, not appearing to combine with it. A 
 hot solution of binoxalatc of potash dissolves ar- 
 senious acid much more readily, with combination. 
 (Souchay & Lennssen.) Soluble to a considerable 
 extent in anhydrous terchloride of arsenic. ( Penny 
 & Wallace.) Readily soluble in potash and soda 
 lye. More readily soluble in ammonia-water than 
 in pure water. 
 
54 
 
 ARSENITES. 
 
 Some of the arsenites are soluble in water, those 
 of the alkalies being easily soluble ; those of the 
 alkaline earths are difficultly soluble or insoluble, 
 and the others all insoluble in water. But all are 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid, and several are soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of sulphate, or nitrate of am- 
 monia, and of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 AUSENITE OF AMMONIA. 
 I.) basic. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 II.) din. Soon decomposes when exposed to 
 2NH 4 0,AsO 3 the air. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (J. Stein.) 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in water, with loss of some 
 of its ammonia. (Pasteur.) 
 
 IV.) acid. Soluble in water ; less easily soluble 
 in a large excess of ammonia-water. (Fischer.) 
 When an aqueous solution of arsenite of ammonia 
 is exposed to the air, the ammonia gradually evap- 
 orates [to a certain extent], and crystals of arsen- 
 ious acid are deposited. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 
 253.) 
 
 ARSEMTE OF ANTIMONY. Soluble" in a small 
 amount of water, but is insoluble in a large quan- 
 tity. (Berzelius.) Completely soluble in potash 
 lye. (Reynoso.) 
 
 ARSENITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) din. Sparingly soluble in water. Also 
 2BaO, AsO 3 + 4Aq somewhat .soluble in alcohol. 
 (J. Stein.) Sparingly soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of arsenious acid, and of i 
 caustic baryta. (Dumas, 2V.) Soluble in an aque- | 
 ous solution of chloride of ammonium. (Wack- 
 enroder, Ann. Ch. w. Pharin., 41. 316.) Arsenite 
 of baryta is not precipitated from solutions con- 
 taining citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) mono. Easily soluble in water when re- 
 
 BaO, As0 3 cently precipitated, but is insoluble 
 
 after having once become dry. It is 
 
 precipitated from its aqueous solution when the 
 
 latter is boiled. (Filhol.) 
 
 '* ARSENITE OF BROMIDE OF ARSENIC." Wa- 
 
 As Br s , As 3 tor dissolves out some of the arsenious 
 
 acid. Insoluble in alcohol. (Serullas.) 
 
 ARSENITE OF COBALT. Easily soluble in chlor- 
 
 3CoO, 2 As0 3 + 4Aq hydric, and nitric acids, and 
 
 in ammonia-water. (Proust.) 
 
 Completely soluble in potash lye. (Reynoso.) 
 
 ARSENITE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water, 
 (Scheele's Green.) Easily soluble in most acids, in 
 2 Cu 0, As O 3 alkaline solutions, and ammonia- 
 
 water. (Berzelius.) It is not precipitated from 
 solutions containing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 ARSENITE 'OF COPPER with BUTYRATE OF 
 2(CuO, As0 3 );C 8 H 7 Cu0 4 COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 " ARSENITE OF IODIDE OF ARSENIC." Very 
 AsT 3 , As0 3 sparingly soluble in water, though 
 more soluble in hot than in cold. Still 
 less soluble in alcohol. (Serullas.) 
 
 "ARSENITE OF IODIDE OF POTASSIUM." 
 Kl, 3As0 3 Soluble in 19 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Emmet.) Soluble in 20 pts. of boil- 
 ing, and in 40 pts. of cold water. (Emmet, in 
 Wittstein's Handw.) Boiling water dissolves 5% 
 of its weight of it, of which one half separates out 
 again as the solution cools. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ARSENITE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. Sol- 
 2FeO, As0 3 uble in ammonia-water. Insoluble in 
 solutions of arsenite of ammonia, or 
 of other ammoniacal salts. ( Wittstein.) 
 
 ARSENITE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) din. Partially soluble in an aqueous so- 
 
 2 Fe 2 3 3 As0 3 & 4-7 Aq lution of caustic potash. 
 
 (Damour.) Completely 
 
 soluble in potash lye. (Reynoso.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic soda, and the residue 
 left, when this solution is evaporated to dryness is 
 completely soluble in water. (Guibourt.) 
 
 II.) tetra. Unacted on by acetic acid. Dis- 
 4 Fe 2 3 , As 3 + 5 Aq solved with decomposition by 
 
 other acids. (Bunsen.) 
 ARSENITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) tris. Ppt. 
 
 3 Pb O, As 3 
 
 II.) din. Insoluble in water, ammonia-water, 
 2 Pb O, As 3 + x Aq an aqueous solution of arsenite 
 of ammonia, or of other am- 
 monical salt. (Wittstein.) 
 
 III.) mono. Slightly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 Pb 0, As 3 4- x Aq zelius.) Insoluble in potash, but 
 
 soluble in soda-lye. 
 ARSENITE OF LIME. 
 I.) din. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 2 Ca 0, As 3 + Aq Insoluble in water, especially 
 
 if this contain hydrate of lime 
 in solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 424.) It is 
 no longer precipitated if 4000 (a) 5000 pts. of water 
 are present. (Harting, Lassaigne.) It is not 
 precipitated from solutions which contain am- 
 moniacal salts ; and the precipitated salt is itself 
 dissolved by aqueous solutions of sulphate, ni- 
 trate, and acetate of ammonia, and of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium (Gieseke & Schweigger) ; also 
 by a. solution of succinate of ammonia, but by 
 solutions of carbonate and phosphate of ammonia 
 it is decomposed without being dissolved. (Witt- 
 stein.) When recently precipitated it is soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 316.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of arsenite of ammo- 
 nia, if too great an excess of alkali be avoided. 
 (Schweigger.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of calcium. (J. M. Ordway.) "About 
 3000 or 4000 parts of chloride of potassium or 
 chloride of sodium, dissolved in water, slightly in- 
 crease its solubility." (Gmelin's Handbook, 4. 
 303.) Readily soluble in dilute and weak acids. 
 
 Arsenite of lime is not precipitated from solu- 
 tions containing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) mono. Somewhat soluble in water. (Simon.) 
 Ca 0, As 3 & + Aq Soluble in a large excess of 
 lime-water or of an aqueous 
 solution of arsenious acid. (Dumas, TV.) 
 
 III.) basic. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 
 3 Ca 0, 2 As 3 + 3 Aq arsenious acid. (J. Stein.) 
 
 ARSENITE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 3 Mg 0, As 3 
 
 ARSENITE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 3 Mn 0, 2 As 3 + 5 Aq 
 
 ARSENITE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 
 2 Hg 2 O, As O 3 uble in water. Soluble in nitric 
 
 acid. 
 
 ARSENITE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 
 2 Hg O, AsO 3 uble in water. Soluble in nitric 
 
 acid, and in an aqueous solution of 
 arsenite of potash. 
 
 ARSENITE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) 2 Ni O, AaO 3 Insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and chlorhydric acid. (Proust.) Completely sol- 
 uble in potash-lye. (Reynoso.) 
 
 II.) 3NiO,2As0 3 + 4Aq Ppt. (Girard.) 
 
ASPARAGIN. 
 
 55 
 
 ARSENITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) din. Hygroscopic. Soluble in water. (Du- 
 2KO, As 3 mas, Tr.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Pasteur.) 
 
 II.) mono. Slightly soluble in alcohol. ( Pas- 
 It 0, As O 3 teur.) 
 
 III.) bin. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Pas- 
 KO, 2As0 3 + 2Aq teur.) 
 
 Some of the above, if not all of them, are sol- 
 uble in water. (Simon.) 
 
 ARSENITE OF POTASH with IODIDE OF PO- 
 TASSIUM. 
 
 I.) Tolerably readily soluble, especially in boil- 
 3 (K 0, H 0, As 3 ) ; K I ing water, and alcohol. 
 Decomposed by acids. 
 
 II.) Difficultly soluble in water. ( Harms, Ann. 
 K 0, H 0, 3 As0 3 ; K I Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 372.) 
 
 ARSENITE OF QUININE. Soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold water. Soluble in alcohol at 
 80 (C.). 
 
 ARSENITE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 3 AgO, As0 3 Soluble in acids, for example, in 
 nitric acid. When recently precipi- 
 tated it is soluble, but after having been dried is 
 insoluble in ammonia-water. (Marcet.) More 
 readily soluble in acetic acid than phosphate of 
 silver. (H. Rose.) Partially, but imperfectly, 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of carbonate, sul- 
 phate, or nitrate of ammonia. (Wittstein.) De- 
 composed by a solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 When in presence of 20,000 pts. of water it 
 ceases to be precipitated. (Harting.) It is not 
 precipitated in solutions containing any of the 
 soluble citrates. (Spiller.) Completely soluble in 
 potash-lye, from which it is not precipitated on the 
 addition of chloride of potassium. This alkaline 
 solution gradually decomposes, metallic silver 
 separating out. (Reynoso.) Contrary to Rey- 
 noso's statement, it is not soluble in a solution of 
 caustic potash ; when treated therewith it remains 
 unaltered at first, but is partially decomposed after 
 a time. (Kuehn.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of arsenite of potash. (Kuehn.) 
 
 ARSENITE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) din. Soluble in water. 
 2 Na 0, As 3 
 
 II.) mono. Soluble in water. 
 Na O, As 3 
 
 III.) bin. Soluble in water. (Pasteur.) 
 Na 0, 2 As O s 
 
 ARSENITE OF STRONTIA. Sparingly soluble 
 Sr O, As O 3 + 4 Aq in water, and in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic strontia, and 
 arsenic acid. (Dumas, Tr.) Tolerably soluble 
 in water. Very sparingly soluble in spirit. (J. 
 Stein.) 
 
 ARSENITE of protoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 ARSENITE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 Sn 2 , As 3 water. 
 
 ARSENIURETTED HYDROGEN (GAS). Water 
 As H 3 absorbs i of its own volume of the gas. 
 It is absorbed rapidly by oil of turpentine, 
 slightly by fixed oils, and not at all by alcohol, ether, 
 or aqueous solutions of the alkalies. (Gm ) No 
 more soluble in alkaline solutions than in pure 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Insoluble in an alco- 
 holic solution of caustic potash. (Meissner.) De- 
 composed by strong acids. 
 
 ARSENtft'METHYL. Vid. Cacodyl. 
 
 ARSEN<?-I'METHYL. 
 As (C, H 3 ) 3 
 
 ARSENMETHYLIC ACID. Permanent in dry 
 
 (MethylArsenious Add.) air. Very soluble 
 
 J 2 U 5 As O a = C 2 H 3 As Oi, 2 H in water. Dissolves 
 
 in absolute alcohol 
 
 much more readily than cacodylic acid. Soluble 
 in ether. (Bseyer.) 
 
 ARSENMETHYLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 ARSENMETHYLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 2 H s Ba 2 As 6 , & + 10 Aq water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 ARSENMETHYLATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 H 3 Ag 2 As 6 
 
 ARSENMETHYLETHYLIUM. Not isolated. 
 
 ARSENMETHYLIUM. Not isolated. 
 As (C, H 3 ) 4 
 
 ARSENPROPYL. 
 
 [Cacodyl of Butyric Acid.) 
 
 ARSENSULPHURIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 H 0, As S 2 3 
 
 ARSENSULPHATE OF POTASH. Permanent. 
 K 0, 2 H O, As S 2 3 Slightly soluble in water, the 
 solution soon undergoing de- 
 composition, especially on boiling. (Bouquet & 
 Cloez.) 
 
 ARTHANITIN. Soluble in 500 pts. of cold vva- 
 (Cyclamin. From ter ; more easily soluble in 
 Cyclamen europatum.) acidulated water. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether, or in the fatty or essential oils. Partially 
 decomposed by boiling water, or alcohol, being 
 less soluble in alcohol after such treatment. De- 
 composed by concentrated sulphuric and nitric 
 acids. 
 
 ASARONE (from Asarum europmum). Insoluble, 
 (Asarin. Asarit. or only very slightly soluble, in 
 Camphor of Asa- water . Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 r r m ii o Also soluble in ether, and the 
 
 *-<40 -Tlryj VIQ 
 
 essential oils. Soluble in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, without immediate 
 decomposition, and may be re-precipitated by water 
 if this be added soon after its solution, but the 
 solution in sulphuric acid soon decomposes. 
 
 ASBOLIN. Somewhat soluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. Insoluble in oil of 
 turpentine, or the fatty oils. Easily soluble in 
 nitric acid. (Braconnot.) 
 
 ASCLEPIADIN (from Asclepias vincetoxicum) . 
 (Asdepin.) Easily soluble in water, alcohol, and a 
 mixture of alcohol and ether. (Fe- 
 neulle.) 
 
 ASCLEPION. Entirely insoluble in water, or 
 C 40 11,54 6 alcohol. Easily soluble in ether; less 
 soluble in oil of turpentine, naphtha, 
 and concentrated acetic acid. (C. List.) 
 
 ASPARAOIC ACID. Vid. Aspartic Acid. 
 
 ASPARAGIN. 
 
 (Asparamid. Althein. 
 
 Isomeric with, Malamid.)' 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 C.H.N.O.-N, 5^ H * 6 " 
 
 b = f,ydrated. (ordinary.-) Permanent. Very sparingly 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 8 + 2 Aq soluble in cold water. (Pas- 
 teur.) Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, more soluble in hot water. 
 
 Soluble in 58 pts. of water at 13; the saturated 
 solution containing 1.7% of it. (Plisson & Henry.) 
 Soluble in about 60 pts. of cold water. (Lcroy.) 
 Soluble in 40 pts. of cold, and in 4 pts. of boiling 
 water (Wittstein's Handw.); soluble in 11 pts. of 
 cold, and in 4.44 pts. of boiling water (Biltz) ; 
 
56 
 
 ASPARTATES. 
 
 soluble in 40 parts of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from Oesterr. Zitschr!ft fiir Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresberichi, fiir 1854, p. 76.) Less | 
 readily soluble when contaminated with aspartate ; 
 of lime or of magnesia. (Ilegimbcau.) Insoluble 
 in cold, sparingly soluble in warm absolute alco- 
 hol (Plisson & Henry) ; it is the more soluble in 
 spirit in proportion as this is more dilute. Alco- 
 hol precipitates it after a while from the saturated 
 aqueous solution. 
 
 Soluble in 700 pts. of boiling alcohol of 98% ; 
 soluble in 290 pts. of boiling alcohol of 80% ; sol- 
 uble in 40 pts. of boiling alcohol of 60%; solu- 
 ble in 1000 pts. of cold alcohol of 80% ; soluble 
 in 500 pts. of cold aleohol of 60%. (Biltz.) In- 
 soluble in ether, and in the fixed or essential 
 oils. (Plisson & Henry.) Easily soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of caustic potash, soda, and ammo- 
 nia. More easily soluble in acids than in water. 
 On boiling these solutions for a long time the | 
 asparagin is decomposed. The aqueous solution 
 also is gradually decomposed by long-continued 
 ebullition. 
 
 ASPARAGIN with CADMIUM. Soluble in hot 
 CgHfCdNjO,, water. (Dessaignes & Chautard.) 
 
 ASPARAGIN with CHLORIDE OF MERCURY. 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 O 8 ; 4 Hg Cl Soluble in water. 
 
 ASPARAGIN with COPPER. Almost insoluble 
 
 C 8 H 7 Cu N 2 in cold, sparingly soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Very soluble in acids and 
 
 in ammonia-water. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 22. 164.) 
 
 ASPARAGIN with LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 ASPARAGIN with LIME. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 7 Ca N 2 6 + Aq 
 
 ASPARAGIN with protoxide of MERCURY. Sol- 
 
 I.) C 8 H T HgN, O G uble in water; the concen- 
 trated aqueous solution is de- 
 composed by the addition of much water, a basic 
 compound being precipitated. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 II.) 2 Hg 0, C 8 H 7 N 2 B Insoluble in water. 
 
 ASPARAGIN with POTASH. Sparingly soluble 
 C 8 H 7 KN 2 + Aq in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ASPARAGIN with SILVER. Soluble in hot wa- 
 C 8 H 7 AgN 2 6 ter. 
 
 ASPARAGIN with NITRATE OF SILVER. Sol- 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 Og ; 2 Ag O, N O B uble in water. 
 
 ASPARAGIN with ZINC. Soluble in hot water. 
 
 CTI '/n 1M O 
 S "-7 An iN 2 U 6 
 
 ASPARAMIC ACID. Vid. Aspartic Acid. 
 ASPARAMID. Vid. Asparagin. 
 ASPARTIC ACID. 
 
 (Asparagic Acid. 
 Asparamic Acid.) 
 
 a = active modification. Dissolves in 364 pts. of 
 water at 11. If a hot saturated solution be al- 
 lowed to cool, it will be found that 1 pt. is held in 
 solution in 232 pts. of water at 6. (Pasteur, 
 Ann. Ch. et. Phys., (3 ) 34. 33.) Soluble in 128 
 pts. of water at 8.5 ; and much more abundantly 
 soluble in hot water, from which it separates as 
 the solution cools. (Plisson.) Much less soluble 
 in water than asparagin. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol of 0.817 sp. gr. at the or- 
 dinary temperature. Less soluble in dilute alcohol 
 than in water, and is insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Plisson ) Soluble, without decomposition, in cold 
 oil of vitriol. Tolerably soluble in chlorhydric, 
 and nitric acids, also in alkaline solutions. (Plis- 
 son.) 
 
 ft = inactive modification. Very sparingly soluble 
 in water; yet much more soluble than the active 
 modification. Dissolves in 208 pts. of water at 
 13.5; but if a saturated solution be allowed to 
 cool supersaturation will occur, as with the active 
 modification. (Pasteur, Ann. CL et Phys., (3.) 
 34. 36.) Very soluble in nitric, and chlorhydric 
 acids. (Pasteur.) Aspartic acid is very soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Piria, Ann. Cli. et Phys., (3.) 
 22. 170.) 
 
 Most of the metallic aspartates are soluble in 
 water; though their solubility differs accordingly 
 as they have been prepared with the active or in- 
 active modification. 
 
 ASPARTATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 water. (Plisson & Henry.) 
 
 ASPARTATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I ) a (active.) Easily soluble in water. 
 C 8 II 6 Ba N 8 + 4 Aq 
 II.) /? (inactive.) 
 
 III.) basic. Soluble in water. (Dessaignes.) 
 C 8 II 5 Ba 2 N 8 + 6 Aq 
 
 ASPARTATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Known only in solution, 
 a (active.) 
 
 II.) basic. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 C 8 H 6 CuNO 8) CuO, + 9 Aq easily soluble in hot 
 
 water. Soluble in 
 
 warm aspartic acid, and in an aqueous solution of 
 aspartate of soda. (Plisson & Henry.) 
 
 ASPARTATE of sesauioxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of terchloride of iron, and of 
 basic aspartate of magnesia. 
 
 ASPARTATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) bibasic. 
 * (active.) 
 
 a (inactive.) Somewhat soluble in water. 
 
 C 8 H 6 N0 7 , 2PbO (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 34. 43.) 
 
 II.) normal. Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 C 8 H PbN0 8 acetate of lead, and of aspartate of 
 potash. Easily soluble in nitric 
 acid. (Plisson.) 
 
 ASPARTATE OF LEAD with NITRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 CgH fl PbNO 8 ; PbO, NO 6 Very sparingly soluble 
 
 in cold, decomposed by 
 
 warm water. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22. 
 172.) 
 
 ASPARTATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 C 8 H c Ca N 8 + Aq 
 
 U?S.j Very soluble in water. 
 
 II.) bibasic. Soluble in water. (Boutron & 
 C 8 H 5 Ca-s N O 8 + 8 Aq Pelouze. ) 
 
 ASPARTATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Soluble in 
 C 8 H 8 Mg N O 8 + Aq 16 pts. of boiling water. ( Witt- 
 stock.) Soluble in weak alco- 
 hol, but insoluble in strong alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 5 Mg 2 N0 8 + 2Aq 
 
 ASPARTATE of dinoride OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the aspartates of 
 potash and lime. 
 
 ASPARTATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I ) basic = C 8 H 5 IIg 2 N 8 + Aq Insoluble in 
 warm water. Easily soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the aspartates of potash and soda. 
 
 ASPARTATE OF MORPHINE. Soluble in water. 
 
AURATES. 
 
 57 
 
 ASPARTATE OF NICKEL. Easily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ASPARTATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Very 
 CgH 8 KN0 8 soluble in water. Alcohol precipi- 
 tates it from the concentrated aque- 
 ous solution. 
 
 ASPARTATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, the aqueous solu- 
 C 8 HO Ag N O g tion undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. Insoluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent, in his Chemical Method, p. 251.) 
 
 II.) bibasic. Insoluble in water. (Laurent, 
 C g II 6 Ag 2 N 8 + Aq loc. cit.) Soluble in aqueous so- 
 lutions of aspartate of potash, 
 or of soda, and of nitrate of silver. 
 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of nitrate of 
 silver. (Pasteur.) 
 
 ASPARTATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a. (active.) 100 pts. of water at 12.2 dis- 
 
 CgHgNaNOg + SAq solve 89. 194 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. 
 of the salt is soluble in 1.12 
 pts. of water at 12.2. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 34. 41.) 
 
 & (inactive.) 100 pts. of water at 12.5 dissolve 
 83.791 pts. of it ; or, 1 pt. of it is sol- 
 uble in 1.19 pts. of water at 12.5. (Pasteur, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 ASPARTATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ASPERTANNIC ACID. Very hygroscopic. Ea- 
 (from Asperula odorata.) gily soluble in water, 
 
 C 1 ,H 18 18 =C 2 gH 16 18) 2HO and a i c ohol. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in ether. (Schwarz.) 
 
 ASPERTANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 ASPHALTENE. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 c 4o H 3oo Soluble in ether, the fatty oils, and oil 
 of turpentine. (Boussingault.) 
 
 ASPHALTUM (native). Insoluble in absolute 
 
 (Asphalten.) alcohol. Readily soluble in ether, and 
 
 oil of turpentine. Alcohol precipitates 
 
 it from the ethereal solution. Insoluble in caustic 
 
 lyes. (Vrelckel, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 139.) 
 
 Asphaltum is insoluble in water. Absolute al- 
 cohol dissolves only 5% of a yellow resin, which is 
 also soluble in ether. From the portion insoluble 
 in alcohol, ether dissolves out 70%. Asphaltum 
 is entirely soluble in naphtha, and in oil of turpen- 
 tine. (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 The asphaltum of Albania is insoluble in water, 
 alcohol, acids, or alkalies ; but soluble in oils, pe- 
 troleum, and ether. Soluble in 5 pts. of cold rec- 
 tified petroleum. (Klaproth, in his Beitrcege, 3. 
 315. [T.].) 
 
 ASSAFCETIDA. Much more soluble in alcohol 
 than in water. [See under RESINS & ESSENCES.] 
 
 ASSAMAR. Very hygroscopic. Very easily 
 soluble in water. Also soluble in alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. Slightly soluble in a mixture of 
 alcohol and ether. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 ATHAMANTIN. Insoluble in water. Easily sol- 
 ( Vaierianate of Peucedyl. u ble in alcohol, even when 
 
 Valerianate of Oreoselon.) tn j g j g d ;i ute an( j e ther. 
 CM Ht5 7 Abundantly soluble in oil 
 
 of turpentine, and in the fixed oils. Decomposed 
 by acids, and by alkaline solutions. (Schneder- 
 munn & Winckler.) 
 
 ATMERYTHRIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 in alcohol. (Kane.) 
 
 ATROPIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 
 ATROPATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ATROPATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 (Richter.) 
 ATROPIN. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Daturin.) water. 
 
 C^Hja N 6 = N \ a^H^CV" Soluble in 299 pts. of 
 water at ordinary tem- 
 peratures, (v. Planta.) Soluble in 500 pts. of 
 cold water, and 30 pts. of boiling water ; 1 pt. of 
 the saturated cold solution containing 0.2% of it. 
 (Geiger & Hesse.) Soluble in 280 pts. of cold 
 water, and in 72 pts. of water at 100 ; the satu- 
 rated cold solution contains 0.36% of it, and the 
 saturated boiling solution 1.25%. (Mohr, Red- 
 wood & Procter's Pharmacy.) Soluble in 200 pts. 
 of cold water, and in 50 pts. of boiling water 
 without crystallizing out on cooling ; by continued 
 boiling it dissolves in 30 pts. of water, from which 
 solution the greater part of the alkaloid crystal- 
 lizes, as it cools. (Parrish'fPAar/n., p. 411.) Sol- 
 uble in 3 iw 8 pts. of cold alcohol; in 21 63 
 pts. of cold, and in 32 pts. of warm ether. Also 
 soluble in fatty and essential oils. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) Easily soluble in alcohol, less soluble 
 in ether. Soluble in 1.5 pts. of cold alcohol. The 
 solution in 6 pts. of boiling ether gelatinizes on 
 cooling. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 411.) Very easily 
 soluble in hot alcohol. More readily soluble in 
 ether than in water. Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the caustic and carbonated alkalies, (v. Plan- 
 ta.) Soluble in chloroform. (Rabourdin.) 100 
 pts. of chloroform dissolve 51.69 pts. of it. (Mi- 
 chael Pettenkofer, Kopp $ Will's Jahresbericht 
 fur 1858, p. 363.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 
 33 pts. of it. ( Schlimpert, Kopp ff Will's Jahres- 
 bericht fur 1859, p. 405.) 100 pts. of olive-oil 
 dissolve 2.62 pts. of it. (M. Pettenkofer, loc. cit.) 
 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, appar- 
 ently with subsequent decomposition. (Parrish's 
 Pkarm., p. 411.) Easily soluble in most acids, 
 with combination. 
 
 Its salts are permanent; ordinarily soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and a mixture of alcohol and 
 ether ; but insoluble in pure ether. Easily soluble 
 in alkaline solutions. 
 
 They are freely soluble in glycerin. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 236.) 
 
 [In the experimental results above given, the 
 lower numbers, with the exception of v. Planta's 
 and Schlimpert's all refer to Daturin, which was 
 formerly regarded as distinct from Atropin ; these 
 differences are now explained by referring to the 
 gradual decomposition which atropin undergoes 
 when its solutions are heated during a considerable 
 time.] 
 
 AURANTIIN. Vid. Hesperidin. 
 
 AURIC ACID. Vid. ferOxide of Gold. 
 
 Most metallic aurates are insoluble in water. 
 
 " AURATE OF AMMONIA." Insoluble in water. 
 (Fulminating gold.) Sparingly soluble without de- 
 2 N H 8 , Au 3 composition in boiling chlorhy- 
 
 dric acid. Unacted on by cold, but decomposed 
 by boiling concentrated sulphuric acid. Unacted 
 on by boiling dilute sulphuric, or nitric acids. Al- 
 kalies, most acids, and alcohol, even when heated, 
 have no action upon it. It is soluble in a solution 
 of cyanide of potassium. 
 
 AURATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 AURATE OF BARYTA with CHLORIDE OF BA- 
 RIUM. Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride 
 of barium. 
 
 AURATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of chloride of calcium. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 31. 485.) 
 
58 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATES. 
 
 AURATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in water. 
 . Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of mag- 
 nesium. (Pelletier.) 
 
 AURATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in water. 
 KO,Au0 3 +6Aq (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 31. 483.) Very soluble in wa- 
 ter ; the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 evaporated. Soluble in alcohol. The alcoholic 
 solution does not decompose on standing, but if 
 heated, even to 50, it is decomposed. (L. Figuier, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 364.) 
 
 AURATE OF POTASH with CHLORIDE OF PO- 
 TASSIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 AURATE OF POTASH with SULPHITE OF POT- 
 4(KO,2S0 2 ); KO, AuOj + 5Aq ASH. Soluble in 
 water, with decom- 
 position, especially at the temperature of boiling. 
 Nearly insoluble in alkaline solutions. (Fremy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 31. 485.) 
 
 AURATE OF SODA with CHLORIDE OF SODIUM. 
 
 AURATE OF STRONTIA with CHLORIDE OF 
 STRONTIUM. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of strontium. (Oberkampf.) 
 
 AURI CYANIDE OF X. Vid. CyanAurate of X. 
 
 AURITE OF POTASH. 
 
 AUROCYANIDE OF X. Vid. Cyanide of Gold 
 and of X. 
 
 AUROSULPHITE OF X. Fid. Aurate of X 
 with Sulphite of X. 
 
 AUROSULPHURET OF X Vid. SulphAurate 
 of X. 
 
 AZADIRIN (from Melia azadirachta). 
 
 AZANILIN. Vid. AzoPhenylamin. 
 
 AZELAIC ACID. Most of its properties are 
 C 10 H 8 4 , H similar to those of suberic acid (with 
 which it is probably identical, ac- 
 cording to Bromeis). But it is more soluble in 
 ether than suberic acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 The salts of azelaic acid resemble closely those 
 of suberic acid. 
 
 AZELATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 AZELATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 AZELATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 AZELATE OF MAGNESIUM. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 AZELATE OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 AZELATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 AZELATE OF STRONTIUM. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 AZERYTHRIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C 22 H 19 N 22 in alkaline solutions. 
 
 AzERYTHRIN With OxiDE OF LEAD. InSOlu- 
 
 Cjj H 19 N 22 , 3 Pb ble in alcohol or ether. (Kane.) 
 
 AzoBENZiD. Very sparingly soluble in boil- 
 
 (AzoBenzol. AzoBe.nzene. ing water. Easily Sol- 
 
 DiPhenoyl biamin.) uble j n alcohol) a ' - 
 
 C 24 H 10 N a = N a | gj >i ether. Soluble 
 
 strong nitric, and sul- 
 phuric acids, from which solutions water separates 
 it. Very sparingly soluble 'in concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid, and in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash, and ammonia. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 AzoBENZiL. Nearly insoluble in water or in 
 C 4 , II 15 N 2 aqueous solutions of potash, ammonia, 
 or chlorhydric acid. Soluble in alco- 
 holic solutions of potash, soda, ammonia, and 
 
 chlorhydric acid, from which it crystallizes un- 
 changed. Soluble in alcohol. (Zinin.) 
 
 AzoBENZOL. Vid. AzoBenzid. 
 
 AZOBENZOID. Insoluble in boiling alcohol, or 
 (Isomericwith Azobenzoydin.) ether. (Laurent, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., 1837, (2.) 
 66. 191 ) 
 
 AzoBENzOYDiN. Nearly insoluble in alcohol. 
 CgoNBlIg, Sparingly soluble in ether. Decom- 
 posed by hot acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 AzoBENzoYL. Insoluble in water. Not com- 
 
 (ToluenylCyanBenzoi- pletely Soluble in 100 
 
 cyl-Benzoicylamin.) pts o 'f boiling alcohol. 
 
 C H N =NJC H Much more easily solu- 
 
 ( cJ 4 H!| ble in ether. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in ether and very 
 
 slightly soluble in alcohol. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 1837, (2.) 66. pp. 185, 183.) 
 
 AzoBENzoYLiD. Insoluble in alcohol. Very 
 (Nitride of sparingly soluble in ether. Soluble 
 Azosuibase.) m j^ nitric acid, without apparent 
 decomposition. 
 
 AZOERYTHRIN. Vid. AzErythrin. 
 
 AZOLEIC ACID. Vid. OENANTHYLIC Acid. 
 
 AZOLITMIN. Sparingly soluble in boiling wa- 
 C 18 H ]0 N o lt ter. More soluble in water contain- 
 ing sulphuretted hydrogen than 
 in pure water. Insoluble in alcohol, or ether. 
 Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of potash, 
 and ammonia. (Kane.) 
 
 AZOLITMIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 3PbO, C 18 H 10 NO U (?) 
 
 AZOLITMIN with protoxide of TIN. Decom- 
 I.)C 18 H lo NO n , 2SnO + 2Aq posed when boiled 
 with water acidu- 
 lated with chlorhydric acid. 
 H.) C 18 H 10 N O n , 4 Sn Ppt. 
 
 AZOLITMIN with peroxide q/"TiN. Ppt. 
 C 18 H 10 N0 1]t 2 Sn O 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 AZOMARIC ACID. Vid. Nitromaric Acid. 
 
 AZONAPHTHYLAMIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Seminaphtalidam. Seminaph- water. Readily sol- 
 
 talidin. Naphticylbiamin. uble in alcohol, and 
 
 Cjo H 10 N, = N a \ ftV> HB " ether. (Zinin.) Its 
 
 solutions are easily 
 
 decomposed when left in contact with the air. 
 Soluble in most acids, with combination. No 
 more abundantly soluble in cyanhydric acid than 
 in pure water. (Zinin.) 
 
 " AZOPHENYLAMIN " (of Gottlieb). Vid. Nitr- 
 AzoPhenylamin. 
 
 AZOPHENYLAMIN. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 
 (Azanilin. Plienirlamin. Semi- uble in boiling, less 
 
 benzidam. Phenoylbiamin.) soluble in cold al- 
 
 C 12 H 8 N 2 = N 2 J^ 1S * cohol, and ether. 
 
 (Zinin.) 
 
 AzoPnospHORic ACID. Deliquesces in moist 
 p, N 6 = (P N) P O fi air. Readily soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. Slightly 
 soluble in ether. (Gladstone, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 
 152.) Its alkaline salts are soluble in water, those 
 of the alkaline earths and metals proper are in- 
 soluble. (Gladstone, loc. cit., p 365.) 
 
 AzoPlIOSPHATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 AzoPifospHATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & of peroxide OF 
 2 N H 4 0, Fe 2 O s , P 2 N 8 + 5 Aq IRON. Soluble in 
 cold water. (Glad- 
 stone, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 362.) 
 
BEBIRATES. 
 
 59 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF BARYTA. 
 3 Ba O, P 2 N 5 + 2 Aq 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF COPPER. 
 3 Cu 0, P 2 N 5 + 5 Aq 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE of peroxide OF IRON. Insolu- 
 
 Fe 2 O s , P 2 N O a + 4 Aq or + 5 Aq ble in dilute acids. 
 
 Easily soluble in 
 
 'ammonia-water. Soluble in cold concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, the solution undergoing decomposi- 
 tion when heated. (Gladstone, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 142.) 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in am- 
 3 Pb 0, P 2 N OB + 5 Aq monia- water, but is decom- 
 posed thereby. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF NlCKEL. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF POTASH. Deliquesces in 
 moist air. Soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 3 Ag 0, P 2 N 5 -f- 5 Aq 
 
 AzoPiiospHATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE OF STRONTIA. Ppt. 
 
 AZOPHOSPHATE of protoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 ; AZOPHOSPHATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 DeWAzoPHOSPHORic ACID. Deliquescent. 
 3 HO, P 8 N, B , 5 HO Very soluble in water. In- 
 soluble, or nearly insoluble, 
 in alcohol. Soluble in ether. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. 
 
 Its alkaline salts are soluble in water, those of 
 the alkaline earths are slightly soluble. (Glad- 
 stone, J. Ch.Soc., 3. 353.) 
 
 Z>e<AzoPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. Very de- 
 liquescent in damp air. Soluble in water. 
 
 Z)efAzoPnospHATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat 
 3 Ba 0, P 3 N 2 5 + 3 Aq difficultly soluble in water. 
 Its solubility, however, ap- 
 pears to be greatly affected by the presence of 
 different salts in the liquid. Tolerably soluble in 
 ammonia. (Gladstone.) 
 
 Z)etAzoPnospHATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in alcohol and in the 
 essential oils. (Gladstone, Ibid., p. 363.) 
 
 ZteutAzoPHOSPHATE OF LlME. Ppt. 
 
 Deut AZOPHOSPHATE OF "MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 DeufAzoPnospHATE OF SILVER. Difficultly 
 soluble in water. 
 Z)eu<AzoPnospHATE OF STRONTIA. Ppt. 
 
 AZOSALICYLIDE OF COPPER; OR OF COPPER 
 & OF CUPRAMMONIUM. Insoluble in water, oral- 
 (Tri Copper MSalicoyl teramiil.) cohol. Soluble in 
 C 42 H 18 <Ju s N s O c ; or C 42 H 15 ^Cu 2 - co j d d ;] u te acids, 
 
 ric acid. 
 
 AZOSALICYLIDE OF IRON ; OR OF IRON & OF 
 FERAMMOSTIUM. Partially soluble in alcohol. Sol- 
 (Ferriuci Salic oylteramin.) uble in a cold 
 
 ( (if,. n 5 J* dilute alcoholic 
 C 42 H 18 *e 2 N 3 u _ N 3 1 *e 2 solution of chlor- 
 
 hydric acid. Sol- 
 nble, with decomposition, in hot, strong nitric acid. 
 
 AZOSALICYLIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. Soluble in a hot, but 
 insoluble in a cold mixture of ammonia and hy- 
 dride of azosalicyl. 
 
 II.) Ppt. 
 
 AzOxYBENziD. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 (Azoxybenzene. Oxide ofdi- soluble in alcohol ', 
 
 Pkenoylbiamin [AzoBenzid].) and st {U more so [. 
 
 C 24 H 10 N 2 2 = N 2 1 JS H * )a .0 2 uble in ether. In- 
 soluble in dilute 
 
 chlorhydric, or sulphuric acid, or in solutions of 
 potash or ammonia. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, apparently with combination. Soluble 
 in an alcoholic solution of chlorhydric acid. (Zi- 
 nin.) 
 
 AzOxYBENziD bromtf. Vid. BrornAzOxyBen- 
 zid. 
 
 AzOxYBENziD nitre~. Vid. NitrAzOxyBenzid. 
 
 AzULMic ACID. Insoluble, or but sparingly 
 (Azulmin.) soluble, in water. (Pelouze & Richard- 
 son.) Insoluble, or very sparingly sol- 
 uble, in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Readily 
 soluble in acetic acid. (P. & R.) 
 
 Soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid ; also 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which water 
 precipitates it. (Thaulow.) Easily soluble in 
 solutions of potash, and of carbonate of potash or 
 of ammonia. (Thaulow.) 
 
 AZULMIN. Vid. Azulmic Acid. 
 
 B. 
 
 BADIANIC ACID. Vid. Anisic Acid. 
 
 BALDRIANIC ACID. Vid. Valeric Acid. 
 
 BALSAMS. See under RESINS, and ESSENCES. 
 
 The balsams are insoluble in water, but soluble 
 in strong alcohol. 
 
 BAREGIN. Vid. Glairin. 
 
 BARIUM. Oxidizes quickly in the air. De- 
 Ba* composes water. 
 
 BARYTA. Vid. Oxide of Barium. 
 
 BASSIC ACID. Identical with Stearic Acid, q. v. 
 
 BASSORIN (from Bassora gum). Insoluble in 
 (Cerasin.) water; in which, however, it softens 
 C u H 10 10 and swells up. Insoluble in alcohol 
 or ether. It is almost entirely dissolved 
 by warm dilute nitric, and chlorhydric acids. De- 
 composed by concentrated nitric, and sulphuric 
 acids. Soluble in an aqueous solution of potash. 
 
 BDELLIUM (Gum-resin from Balsamodendron 
 africanum). Tolerably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 BEBEERIN. Vid. Bebirin. 
 
 BEBIRIC ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 (Bebeeric Acid.) ter, and ether. , 
 
 BEBIRATE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 BEBIRATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 BEBIRATE OF LIME. Very sparingly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 BEBIRATE OF MAGNESIA. Difficultly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 BEBIRATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 BEBIRATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 iu water, and alcohol. 
 
60 
 
 BENZIL. 
 
 BEBIRIN (from Nectandra Rodiei). Permanent. 
 
 (Bebeerm.) Almost completely 
 
 C38 H 21 NO a =Njc 3a H 21 6 '<< insoluble in water. 
 
 Readily soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether, espe- 
 
 cially when these are warm. 
 
 Soluble in 6650 pts. of cold water. Soluble in 
 1766 pts. of boiling water. Soluble in 5 pts. of 
 absolute alcohol. Soluble in 13 pts. of ether. 
 Easily soluble in dilute sulphuric, and chlorhydric 
 acids. Decomposed by hot nitric acid. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) Easily soluble in acetic, and 
 chlorhydric acids. Insoluble in dilute nitric acid, 
 by which it is even precipitated from its solutions. 
 Decomposed by strong boiling nitric acid. Very 
 sparingly soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 BEHKNIC ACID. Soluble in spirit. 
 (Acide Benique. Said to be 
 identical with. Cetic Acid.) 
 GSO HJO 4 = CJQ Hjg 3 , H 
 
 BEHENATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 BEHENATE OF ETHYL. Easily soluble in al- 
 C 3 oH 29 (C 1 H B )0 4 cohol. 
 
 BEHENATE OF LEAD. 
 
 BEHENATE OF SODA. Soluble in absolute al- 
 cohol. 
 
 BELLADONIN. Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in pure, and in common ether ; in 
 absolute and in dilute alcohol. Somewhat soluble 
 in olive-oil. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 412.) 
 
 BENzAcETic ACID. Vid. (Anhydrous) Aceto- 
 Benzoic Acid. 
 
 BENZACETOSULPHOPHENAMID. Vid. Sul- 
 
 phoPhenylBenzoylAcetamid. 
 
 BENZALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Toluenyl. 
 
 BENZ ALDEHYDE. 
 
 BENZALDID. 
 
 BENZAMIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Amido Benzole Acid, abundantly soluble in boiling 
 Sll more soluble in 
 
 > Vid. Hydride of Benzoyl. 
 
 f 
 
 which it is isomenc.) alcohol, and ether. The so- 
 C 14 H 7 N0 4 lotion slowly decompeees, 
 
 when exposed to the air. 
 Tolerably soluble in cold water, dissolving more 
 readily than benzoic, or nitrobenzoic acids. Very 
 easily soluble in boiling water, in alcohol, and in 
 ether. (Kolbe's Lehrb.) But slightly acted upon 
 by ordinary nitric acid even when boiling. Soluble 
 in fuming nitric acid. Easily soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. The alkaline and earthy 
 salts of benzamic acid are readily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Zinin.) 
 
 BENZAMATE OF BARYTA. Readily soluble in 
 C 14 H 6 BaN0 4 water. (Voit.) 
 
 BENZAMATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water 
 Ci 4 H 6 CuN0 4 or alcohol. Soluble in strong acids. 
 
 BENZAMATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Phenyl Carbamate of Ethyl. Car- Easily soluble in al- 
 banilethan. Carbanilate of Ethyl.) -^u-f r_ 
 p w isrn P iTcrwMvrn COBOL trom which 
 
 ^18 **11 ^ "4 = ( - / 14 "6 ( ^4 "V W U 4 . . ' . . 
 
 it is precipitated 
 
 on the addition of water. (Chancel.) Scarcely at 
 all soluble in water. Soluble in all proportions in 
 alcohol, and ether. Unacted upon by cold, decom- 
 posed by boiling potash lye. Also decomposed 
 by ammonia-water. Easily soluble, with combi- 
 nation in acids. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Plws., 13.) 
 53. 327.) 
 
 BENZAMATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 III.) Readily soluble in water. 
 
 BENZAMATE OF LIME. Readily soluble in wa- 
 C 14 H 8 CaN0 4 ter. Soluble in hot alcohol. (Voit.) 
 
 BENZAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Rapidly decom- 
 C 14 H 8 MgN0 4 H-7Aq poses in the air. Soluble in 
 water. (Voit.) 
 
 BENZAMATE OF METHYL. Its properties are 
 
 (Phenyl Carbamate of Methyl, similar to those of the 
 Carbanilate of Methyl. Car- A , k Jt 
 banil methylane.) > , . , . , 
 
 C 14 U 6 (C 2 H 8 )N0 4 pounds with acids are 
 
 very soluble. (Cahoursj 
 
 loc. cit., p. 331.) Insoluble, or but sparingly sol- 
 uble in wafer. Soluble in alcohol. (Chancel.) 
 
 BENZAMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in boiling 
 C 14 H 6 AgN0 4 water, by which however it is par- 
 tially decomposed. 
 
 BENZAMATE OF SODA. Exceedingly soluble 
 C 14 H 6 NaN0 4 in water, from which it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of alcohol. 
 (Voit, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 100.) 
 
 BENZAMATE OF STRONTIA. Very easily sol- 
 C 14 H SrN0 4 + 2Aq. uble in water. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Voit.) 
 
 BENZAMID. Readily soluble in boiling, almost 
 (Benzoylamid.) insoluble in cold water. 
 
 C 14 H 7 N0 2 = N $C 14 H 5 2 More soluble in a dilute 
 aqueous solution of am- 
 monia. Easily soluble in alcohol. Easily soluble 
 in boiling, less soluble in cold ether. (Liebig & 
 Woehler.) Abundantly soluble in warm concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 BENZAMID with MERCURY. Sparingly sol- 
 
 (Benzoyl Mercuramid.') uble in water ; more 
 
 (C 14 H S S so i u ble in alcohol. 
 
 C 14 H 6 HgN0 2 = N H (Dessaignes, Ann. Ch. 
 
 e<P%s.,(3.)34.146.) 
 
 BBNZAMIL. Almost insoluble even in boiling 
 (Benzanii.) alcohol, ether, or naphtha. Decom- 
 C66 H 3o N 20 4 pose d when boiled with alcohol, or 
 chlorhydric acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZANILID. Vid. PhenylBenzoylamid. 
 
 BENZANILIDYL. PhenoylBenzoicyl. 
 
 BENZENE. Vid. Hydride of Phenyl. 
 
 BENZEORESIC ACID. Vid. Benzoic Acid 
 (Amorphous). 
 
 BENZETHYL. Vid. Toluenyl. 
 
 BENzEuGENYL. Vid. BenzoEugenic Acid. 
 
 BENZHYDRAMID. Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 C, 4 H 18 N.,0 2 ingly soluble in cold, more readily 
 soluble in hot alcohol. Very readily 
 soluble in ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZHYDROL. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 C 14 U 8 of bisulphite of soda. (Rochleder & 
 Schwarz.) [Compare Camphor of Cas- 
 sia.] 
 
 BENZHYDROLIC ACID. Very difficultly soluble 
 C 42 KM 8 = C 42 H 10 7 , H -f 2 Aq (?) in cold water. 
 
 BENZHYDROLATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 4S H 19 Ag0 8 + 2Aa 
 
 BENZIDAM. Vid. Anilin. 
 
 BENZIDIN. Permanent. Very sparingly sol- 
 
 (Phenyl Phenoyl biamin.) uble in cold, readily sol- 
 
 \ C 12 H 4 " u |ji e m boiling M'ater. Still 
 
 C 24 H 12 N 2 = N 2 < c, 2 H 6 ]nore solub i e i n alcohol, 
 
 and yet more in ether. Sol- 
 uble in acids, with combination. (Zinin.) 
 
 BENZIL. Insoluble in water. Very soluble 
 (Suboxide of Stilbese.) in alcohol, and ether. Sol- 
 C2gH 10 4 uble in warm concentrated 
 
BENZOATES. 
 
 61 
 
 sulphuric acid, from which water precipitates- it 
 unchanged. Unacted on by boiling concentrated 
 nitric acid, or potash lye. (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZILAM. Insoluble in water. Very readily 
 C H N = N$ C;!8H7 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 ' H * Readily soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which solution water 
 precipitates it. (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZILIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Stilbic Acid.) more readily soluble in 
 
 C 28 H 12 O = C 28 H u 6 , H Do iii n g water. Very sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in warm con- 
 centrated nitric acid, from which solution water 
 precipitates it unchanged. (Zinin.) 
 
 BENZILATE OF LEAD. Permanent. Sparingly 
 C 28 H n Pb 6 soluble in boiling water. 
 
 BENZILATB OF POTASH. Very easily soluble 
 C 28 H U K0 6 in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 BENZILATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 28 H u Ag 6 boiling water. ( Zinin.) 
 
 BENZILIM. Vid. Benzilimid. 
 
 BENZILIMID. Somewhat sparingly soluble in 
 (Benzilim. Isomeric with, alcohol, and ether. 
 
 imaBemiL) Soluble, with decom- 
 
 C M II 22 N 2 4 = N 2 Jj8>i position, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric, and 
 
 nitric acids. Unacted upon by chlorhydric acid, 
 or by boiling potash lye. (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZIMIC ACID. Almost insoluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 BENZIMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZIMID. Vid. Hydride of CyanoBenzoyL 
 
 BENZIN, OR BENZINE. Vid. Hydride of Phe- 
 nyl. 
 
 BENZINSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. PhenylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 BENZOIC ACID (Anhydrous). Insoluble in 
 (Benzoic Benzoate.) co \& wa ter. Acidified by 
 
 C 28 U, 6 = ^ 14 g s ^|o 2 boiling water. Tolerably 
 1452 soluble in alcohol, more 
 readily in warm than in cold. It is decomposed 
 by prolonged contact with alcohol. Tolerably 
 soluble in ether. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Pliys., 
 (3.) 37. pp. 300, 302.) 
 
 BENZOIC ACID. Soluble in 607 pts. of water 
 
 C u H 4 = C u H 5 3 , H at 0. (Kolbe & Laute- 
 
 mann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 115. 187. [K.].) Soluble in 480 pts. of cold wa- 
 ter (Lichtenstein); in 200 pts. of water at 18.75, 
 and in 24.5 pts. at boiling (Bucholz, Gehlen's 
 Journ. fur Ch. Phys. u. Min., 1810, 9. pp. 340, 
 355); in 500 pts. of cold water (Dorffurt, Berg- 
 man) ; in 24 pts. of boiling water (Dorffurt, 
 Lichtenstein, Bergman) ; in 400 pts. of cold wa- 
 ter (?) ; in 30 pts. of boiling water (TrommsdorrT) ; 
 in 160 pts. of water at 18.75 (Abl, from Oesterr. 
 Zeitschrift,fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahres- 
 bericht, fur 1854, p. 75). 100 pts. of water at 15.5 
 dissolve 0.208 pt. of it. 100 pts. of water at 100 
 dissolve 4.17 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 100 pts. of 
 the aqueous solution saturated at the ordinary 
 temperature contain 0.5 pt. of it, and 3.25 pts. 
 when saturated at 100. Readily soluble in water 
 containing 1.5 pts. of phosphate of soda, or 4 pts. 
 of sulphate of soda. (Ure.) Soluble in 1.79 pts. 
 of absolute alcohol at 18.75, and in rather more 
 than I pt. at the temperature of boiling. (Bucholz, 
 Gehlen's Journ. fiir Ch. Phys. u. Min., 1810, 9. pp. 
 342, 355.) Abundantly soluble in alcohol, from 
 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 (Lichtenstein.) Soluble in 1 pt. of boiling alcohol. 
 (Wenzel, in his Veru-andtschaft, p. 302 [T.] ) 100 
 pts. of cold absolute alcohol dissolve scarcely 56 
 pts. of it. (Bucholz, cited by Wenzel, loc. cit.) 
 Soluble in 25 pts. of ether, either hot or cold. 
 (Bucholz.) 100 pts. of oil of turpentine dissolve 
 0.4 pt. of it; and at 100 more than their own 
 weight, the acid crystallizing out on cooling. 
 (Lecanu & Serbat.) Readily soluble in fixed and 
 volatile oils, and in benzoic ether. 
 
 Soluble in benzin and the other light coal-naph- 
 thas. (De la Rue.) Largely soluble in hot 
 caoutchin, a portion crystallizing out again on 
 cooling. (Himly.) Soluble in creosote. (Reich- 
 enbach.) Soluble, without decomposition, in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, from which solution 
 water precipitates it. (Lichtenstein.) Also sol- 
 uble in nitric acid and sulphurous acid. Insoluble 
 in chlorhydric or phosphoric acids. Hot acetic 
 acid dissolves it precisely as water does, but it 
 crystallizes out again when the acid cools. (Lich- 
 tenstein.) 
 
 Most benzoates are soluble in water ; many of 
 them being readily soluble. Many are soluble 
 also in alcohol. The more sparingly soluble ben- 
 zoates dissolve readily in aqueous solutions of 
 acetate of soda, or of acetate of lead, and of 
 nitrate of soda ; but they do not dissolve in solu- 
 tions of nitrate of potash, or of sulphate of soda, 
 or chloride of sodium. (Lecanu & Serbat.) 
 
 AMORPHOUS BENZOIC ACID. Easily soluble 
 (ParaBenzoic Acid, in boiling, nearly insoluble in 
 Benzeoresic Add.) co ld water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Its salts are generally less soluble than the or- 
 dinary benzoates. (E. Kopp.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF ALLYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 2 o H io 4 = C u H fi (C 6 H fi ) 4 Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol, wood-spirit, and 
 ether. (Hofmann & Cahours.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF ALUMINA. Deliquescent. Tol- 
 erably readily soluble in water. (Hisinger.) The 
 hot saturated aqueous solution solidifies on cool- 
 ing. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Very readily solu- 
 C 14 H 5 (NH 4 )0 4 ble in water, and alcohol. Less 
 readily soluble in alcohol than the 
 potash salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water. Less 
 soluble than the normal salt in absolute alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) of the amorphous acid. 
 
 BENZOATE OF AMMONIA & of dinoxide OF 
 MERCURY. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in acetic acid. (Harff.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 MERCURY. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 1500 
 pts. of alcohol, and in 2000 pts. of ether. (Harff.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF AMYL. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 
 (Amylbfnzoic Ether. ingly Soluble, in wa- 
 
 C M H 16 4 = C 14 H 5 (C, H n ) 4 ter. 
 
 BENZOATE OF AMYLSALICYL. Vid. Salicylate 
 of Amyl & of Benzoyl. 
 
 BENZOATE OF ANIMIN (of Unverdorben). 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, more readily soluble in 
 boiling water. It is less easily decomposed by 
 boiling with water than the benzoate of picolin. 
 (Unverdorben.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF ANTIMONY. Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
62 
 
 BENZOATES. 
 
 BENZOATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Diffi- 
 C M H fl Ba 4 + 2 Aq cultly soluble in cold, more 
 easily soluble in boiling water. 
 (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF BARYTA with HIPPDRATE OF 
 BARYTA. More soluble in water than the hip- 
 C 14 II B Ba 4 ; C 18 H 8 Ba 6 + Aq purate of baryta. 
 (Schwarz.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF BENZOL. Insoluble in water. 
 C H 16 8 = C 28 H 10 (C u IV') 8 Tolerably soluble in 
 spirit. Easily sol- 
 uble in ether. 
 
 BENZOATE OF BENZOYL. Vid. Benzoic Acid 
 (Anhydrous). 
 
 BENZOATE OF BENZYL. Vid. Benzoate of To- 
 luenyl. 
 
 BENZOATE OF BISMUTH. Permanent. Sol- 
 uble, with partial decomposition, in water, and 
 alcohol. Soluble, without decomposition, in ben- 
 zoic acid. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF BORNEOL. Soluble in alcohol, 
 (Campholbenzoigue.) and ether. (Be'rthe- 
 
 3 4 H 22 4 = C u H 5 (C 20 H 17 ) 4 lot. ) 
 
 BENZOATE OF BROMOPHENYL. Insoluble in 
 C M H 9 Br 4 = C 14 H 5 (C 12 H 4 Br) 4 water. Read ily 
 
 soluble in ether 
 and in boiling alcohol. 
 
 BENZOATE OF fe'BROMoPHENYL. Insoluble in 
 C 26 H 8 Br 2 4 water. Readily soluble in ether and 
 in boiling alcohol. 
 
 A mixture of C^ H 9 Br 4 , Czo H 8 Br 2 Oi, 
 Czo H T Br 3 O 4 , was found to be insoluble in wa- 
 ter, very sparingly soluble in cold, readily soluble 
 in hot alcohol, and ether. 
 
 BENZO'ATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in hot wa- 
 C 14 H 5 Cd 4 + 2 Aq ter. Sparingly soluble in or- 
 dinary alcohol. (H. Schiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 104. 325.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF CAMPHOL. Vid. Benzoate of 
 Borneol. 
 
 BENZOATE OF CERIUM. Soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius & Hisinger.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF CETYL. Difficultly soluble in 
 C 14 H 5 (C 82 H 33 ) 4 spirit. Easily soluble in ether. 
 (Becker.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF CHLOROPHENYL. Soluble in 
 C 26 H 9 Cl 4 = C U H 5 (C 12 H 4 C1) 4 ether. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF terCHLORoPHENYL. Soluble in 
 C 26 H 7 C1 8 4 = C 14 H ff (C 12 H 2 C1 3 ) 4 ether. ( Sten- 
 house.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF CHOLESTERIN. Very sparingly 
 Ces H 43 4 = C 14 H 5 (C B2 H 43 ) 4 soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. Easily sol- 
 uble in ether. 
 
 BENZOATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. 
 C 14 H 5 Or 4 
 
 BENZOATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Ap- 
 pears to be soluble in water. 
 
 When benzoate of potash is dropped into a con- 
 centrated aqueous solution of sesquichloride of 
 chromium a green, flocky precipitate falls, but no 
 precipitate is formed when the solution is dilute. 
 (T. Thompson, Phil. Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 203.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF COBALT. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF COPPER.' 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Somewhat soluble in 
 
 C 14 H 5 Cu 4 + x Aq water. ( Berzelius.) Soluble 
 
 in warm, less soluble in cold 
 
 dilute acetic acid. Insoluble in alcohol. (Tromms- 
 dorff. 
 
 II.) of the amorphous acid. Ppt. 
 
 BENZOATE OF CUMICYL. Decomposed by 
 (Benzoate of CuminEther.) C u H B (C 20 H 13 ) 4 water. 
 
 BENZOATE OF CUMOL. Soluble in alcohol, 
 C 48 H 22 8 = C 28 H 10 (C 20 H 12 ) O g especially when this 
 is hot and anhy- 
 drous. Also easily soluble in ether, acetone, and 
 chloroform. Water precipitates it from the alco- 
 holic solution. Soluble in cold concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, the solution undergoing decompo- 
 sition when heated. Unacted upon by boiling 
 nitric acid. (Tuettscheff.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF CYMELENE. 
 
 BENZOATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in cold, 
 (Benzoic Ether.) slightly soluble in hot 
 
 Cis H 10 4 = C 14 H 5 (C 4 H 8 ) 4 water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 BENZOATE OF ETHYLENE. Soluble in ether. 
 
 (Dibenzoic Glycol.) (Wurtz.) 
 
 C 32 H 14 8 = C 28 H 10 (C 4 H 4 ")0 8 
 
 BENZOATE OF ETHYLSALICYL. Vid. Salicy- 
 late of Benzoyl & of Ethyl. 
 BENZOATE OF GLUCINA. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 BENZOATE OF GLYCERYL. 
 
 (Benzoin.) 
 
 I ) normal. 
 
 C 4R H 20 O lt = C 6 II 5 8 , 3 C 14 H 5 3 = C 42 H 15 (C. H 5 <) 12 
 (TriBenzoicm.) Soluble in ether. (Berthelot, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. 290.) 
 
 II.) bibasic. Insoluble in water. Extremely 
 C 20 H 12 8 = C, H 5 3 , 2 H O, C 14 H 6 O s soluble in al- 
 (MonoBenzotcin.') cohol, ether, 
 
 and benzin. 
 
 Nearly or quite insoluble in bisulphide of carbon. 
 (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF GOLD. Permanent. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Tromms- 
 dorff.) 
 
 " BENZOATE OF HYDRIDE OF BENZOYL." Vid. 
 Stilbous Acid. 
 
 BENZOATE OF HYDRIDE OF BENZOYL. Insolu- 
 C 42 H 18 8 = 2 C 14 H 6 2 , C ]4 H 6 3 + Aq We in water. 
 
 Abundantly 
 
 soluble in alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in 
 cold ether. Easily soluble, with decomposition, 
 in an alcoholic solution of caustic potash. (Lie- 
 big-) 
 
 BENZOATE of protoxide OF IRON. Efflorescent. 
 C 14 H s Fe0 4 Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 BENZOATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal, i. e. teracid. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol, with deposition of some of the basic salt. 
 (Berzelins.) 
 
 II.) basic. Partially soluble in water, with 
 decomposition. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the alkaline benzoates. 
 
 III.) perbasic. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 2 Fe 2 3) 3-C 14 H 5 3 + 15 Aq Benzoate of sesquioxida 
 of iron is not precipi- 
 tated from solutions containing citrate of soda. 
 (Spiller.) 
 
 IV.) acid. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF LEAD. 
 
BENZOATES. 
 
 63 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 C u H s Pb 4 -j- Aq (Trommsdorff.) Difficultly sol- 
 uble in water, and less so in 
 cold than in hot. (Gerland, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 91. 195.) Soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 acetic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 2 Pb 0, C 14 H 5 Pb 4 
 
 III.) of the amorphous acid. Insoluble in water. 
 2 Pb O, C M H 5 3 
 
 BENZOATB OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Soluble in 29 pts. of 
 C 14 H 6 Ca 4 + 2 Aq cold, and in much less hot 
 water. (Lichtenstein.) Sol- 
 uble in 20 pts. of water at 18.75; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 18.75 dissolve 5 pts. of it; or the aque- 
 ous solution saturated at 18. 75 contains 4.76% of 
 it. (Bucholz, Gehlen's Journ. fur Ch. Phijs. u. 
 Min., 1810, 9. pp. 352, 357.) 
 
 II.) of the amorphous acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 BENZOATE OF LITHIA. Hygroscopic. Readily 
 soluble in water. (C. G. Gmelin, Berzelius.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF MAGNESIA. Slightly efflores- 
 C ]4 H 5 Mg 4 cent. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 BENZOATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. Sol- 
 
 C, 4 H 6 Mn 4 + Aq uble in 20 pts. of water at 18.8, 
 
 and in much less hot water. 
 
 (John.) Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Tromms- 
 
 dorff.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF iriMERCURAMMONiuM. 
 
 BENZOATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 C 14 H 6 Hg 2 4 uble in cold, and is decomposed by 
 boiling water, and alcohol. ( Harff, 
 Burckhardt.) Insoluble in ether. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of benzoic acid (Harff) ; insol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of benzoic acid or 
 of benzoate of potash or benzoate of ammonia. 
 (Burckhardt.) Soluble in concentrated aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline acetates and of chloride 
 of sodium. (Harff.) 
 
 BENZOATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) normal- Permanent. Insoluble in cold, 
 C 14 H B Hg 4 + Aq rather freely soluble in hot wa- 
 ter, without alteration. (Burck- 
 hardt.) Boiling water converts it into an insol- 
 uble basic salt. (Harff.) Partially soluble in 
 alcohol, with separation of a basic salt. (Burck- 
 hardt.) Soluble in 370 pts. of alcohol. (Harff.) 
 Insoluble in ether. (Burckhardt.) It is decom- 
 posed by ether to an acid and a basic salt ; the 
 acid salt being soluble in 2 pts. of ether. (Harff.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 
 BENZOATE OF METHYL. Almost insoluble in 
 (MethylBenzokEther.) water. Easily soluble 
 
 CM H 8 4 = C u H fi (C 2 H 3 ) 4 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 BENZOATE OF METHYL SALICYL. Vid. Sa- 
 licylate of Benzoyl & of Methyl. 
 
 BENZOATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. ( Berzelius. ) 
 
 BENZOATE OF NITROBEN/OYL. Vid. Benzo- 
 NitroBenzoic Acid(Anhydrous). 
 
 BENZOATE OF /NITROPHENYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (BiNitroBenzoPhenid. Benzoate of Phe- water. Sol- 
 nyl binitri. Benzopkenidebinitri.) nble J n b o ;i. 
 
 C 28 U 8 N 2 12 =C 14 H 6 (C 12 H 3 [N0 4 ] 2 )0 4 . 
 
 insoluble in cold alcohol. Tolerably soluble in 
 warm ether. Partially soluble in boiling potash 
 lye. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF fcrNiTRoPHENYL. Insoluble in 
 
 [TriNitroBenzoPhenid. Benzoate of water. Less 
 Phenyl trinitre, Bemophenidetrinitri.) 
 C 26 H, N 3 16 =C 14 H 6 [0 12 H 2 (N 4 ) 3 ] O 4 
 
 in cold alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 somewhat more soluble in hot ether. (Laurent & 
 Gerhardt.) [Compare NitroBenzoate of fa'Nitro- 
 Phenyl.] 
 
 BENZOATE OF (ENANTHYL. Vid. BenzoQEnan- 
 thylic Acid (Anhydrous). 
 
 BENZOATE OF PALLADIUM. Somewhat sol- 
 uble in water. (Hisinger.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF PHENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Benzophenid. Phenidin. Tolerably soluble in 
 
 Benzoyloxyd. Benzoyl.) cold) and rea( Jil v so l_ 
 
 C 26 H 10 4 = Ofc H 6 C^i 2 H S ) U 4 ub j e . n h()t alcohol) and 
 
 ether. Insoluble in a boiling aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash or ammonia. Unacted on by boil- 
 ing chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Insoluble in water. Somewhat difficultly sol- 
 uble in cold, very easily soluble in hot spirit. 
 Easily soluble, with decomposition, in concentrat- 
 ed sulphuric acid. (List & Limpricht, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 90. 193.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF PHENYL&rom Vid. Benzoate 
 of BromoPhenyl. 
 
 BENZOATE OF PnENYLcWor Vid. Benzoate 
 of ChloroPhenyl. 
 
 BENZOATE OF PLATINUM. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Trommsdorf.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very easily soluble in 
 
 C 14 H 6 K0 4 + Aq water. (F.D'Arcet.) Morereadily 
 
 soluble in water than the acid salt. 
 
 (Bucholz, loc. inf. cit.) Soluble in warm, less soluble 
 
 in cold hydrate of anisyl. Soluble in alcohol.* 
 
 II.) acid. Rather difficultly soluble in water, 
 
 C 14 H 5 K0 4 ; C 14 H 6 4 requiring almost 10 pts. of 
 
 water at 18.75, for its solu- 
 
 tion. (Bucholz, Gehlen's Journ. fur Ch. Phys. u. 
 Min., 1810, 9. 353.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 cold water. Somewhat soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold alcohol. Tolerably soluble in al- 
 kaline solutions. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 37. 312.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF PROPYLENYL. Vid. Benzoate 
 of Allyl. 
 
 BENZOATE OF SALICYL. Vid. BenzoSalicylic 
 Acid (Anhydrous). 
 
 BENZOATE OF SALICYLOUS ACID. Vid. Ben- 
 zoSalicyl. 
 
 BENZOATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 14 H B Ag 4 boiling, less soluble in cold water. 
 (Woehler & Liebig.) Soluble in 1.96 
 pts. of absolute alcohol at 20. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 II.) of the amorphous acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 BENZOATE OF SODA. Efflorescent. Soluble 
 C l4 H 6 Na0 4 +ar Aq in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 BENZOATE OF STRONTIA. Permanent. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, readily soluble in hot water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 * According to Gregory (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 125), 
 the benzoate of potash obtained by treating oil of bitter 
 almonds with an alcoholic solution of potash is very readily 
 soluble in spirit, while the salt prepared directly from pot- 
 ash and benzoic acid is very sparingly soluble in alcohol of 
 the same strength. 
 
64 
 
 BENZOATES. 
 
 BENZOATE OF THORIA. Sparingly soluble i 
 water. 
 
 BENZOATE of protoxide OF TIN. Somewha 
 soluble in water, especially if this be hot. Insolub] 
 in alcohol. 
 
 BENZOATE of binoxide OF TIN. Somewha 
 soluble in water, especially if this be hot. Inso 
 uble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF TOLUENYL. Soluble in ether 
 
 (BenzoBenzoic Ether.) 
 C 28 H I2 4 =C 14 H 5 (0 14 H 7 )0 4 
 
 BENZOATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Verj 
 slightly soluble in water. 
 
 BENZOATE OF UREA. Decomposed by water 
 
 2CjH 4 N 2 2 ; C 14 H 6 4 Soluble in alcohol. (Des 
 
 saignes.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water 
 (Berzelius.) Sparingly soluble in water. (His 
 inger.) Soluble in 89 pts. of cold, and mor 
 readily in warm water. (Berlin.) 
 
 BENZOATE OF ZINC. Efflorescent. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Trornmsdorff:) 
 
 BENZOATE OF ZIRCONIA. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. (Hisinger.) 
 
 BENZOCARBOLIC ACID. Vid. Benzoate o 
 Phenyl. 
 
 BENZOCHLORANILID. Vid. ChloroPhenylBen- 
 zoylamid. 
 
 BENZOCHLORHYDRIN. Insoluble in water 
 (CUorhydrate of Benzoyl Glyceryl.) (Berthelot.vlnn, 
 Cjo H u Cl 6 = C 6 H. O s . C 14 H fi 0,, HC1 *, d p hy ^ (3 < j 
 
 41.301.) '' 
 BENzoCiNNAMic ACID (Anhydrous). Slow- 
 
 (Benzoate of Cinnamyl. Cinnamate ly acidified when 
 of Benzoyl. Benzo Cinnamic Anhy- ; n rontarf . w j t h 
 dride. Cinnamic Benzoate. Benzoic 1 
 Cinnamate.) water. Soluble 
 
 C H o _C 14 H 3 2 ) in carbonate of 
 
 C 18 H 7 2 j 2 ammonia. (Ger- 
 
 hardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 307.) [Soluble 
 in ether ?] 
 
 BfiNzoCuMiNic ACID (Anhydrous). Insol- 
 (Cuminate of Benzoyl. Benzoate uble in water, but is 
 of Cumyl. Cummic Benzoate. s i ow iy acidified by 
 C 14 HsO, ) n contact therewith. 
 
 M i 8= C 20 H n O 2 j 3 Decomposed by al- 
 
 cohol. Soluble in 
 
 ether. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 
 306.) 
 BENZOENE. Vid. Hydride of Toluenyl. 
 
 BENZOENEcMor^" (&c.). Vid. Hydride of Chloro 
 (&c.) Toluenyl. 
 BENZ(ENANTHYLIC ACID (Anhydrous). 
 
 ( (Enanthylo Benzoic Acid. (Enanthylate of 
 Benioyl. Benzoate of CEnanthyl.) 
 
 BENZOEUGENIC Acio( Anhydrous). 
 (Benzeugenyl.) Insoluble in water, either 
 
 C H = GW HU 2 1 0, hot or cold. Tolerably 
 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. Tolerably readily 
 soluble in ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 52. 203.) 
 BENZOGLYCOL. Vid. Hydrate of Benzol. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLIC ACID. Very sparingly soln- 
 (Benzoyl Glycolic Acid. bleincold, 
 
 Isomeric with Insolinic Acid.) move solu- 
 
 C 18 H. 9 = C 16 H 7 7 , HO - C i%|" \ 4 ge bcjl- 
 
 It is, how- 
 
 ever, gradually decomposed by the latter. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Most of its salts are soluble in water ; some of 
 them are also soluble in alcohol. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C 18 H 7 Ba 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF COPPER. Sparingly 
 C 18 H 7 Cu 8 + x Aq soluble in cold, somewhat 
 more readily soluble in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 BKNZOGLYCOLATE OF IRON. Insoluble in wa- 
 2 Fe 2 3 , 3 C 18 H 7 7 ter. ( Socoloff & Strecker.) 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 C 18 H 7 Pb 8 soluble in hot water. 
 
 II.) sesquibasic. Soluble in boiling, sparingly 
 2 C 18 H 7 Pb 8 , Pb + 3 Aq soluble in cold water. 
 
 III.) sexbasic. Very sparingly soluble in boil- 
 C 18 H 7 Pb 8 , 5 Pb 4. 2 Aq ing water. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF LIME. Permanent. Sol- 
 C 18 H 7 Ca0 8 + Aq uble in 42.32 pts. of water at 
 11, and 7.54 pts. at boiling. It 
 lias a great tendency to form supersaturated solu- 
 ions. Soluble in alcohol. (Socoloff & Strecker.) 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF LIME with CHLQRIDE 
 OF CALCIUM. Permanent. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 lot, less soluble in cold water. Soluble in abso- 
 ute alcohol. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF POTASH. Very readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 
 18 H 7 Ag 8 soluble in cold, readily soluble in 
 
 boiling water. (Socoloff & Strecker.) 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF SODA. Readily soluble 
 ' 1g H 7 Na0 8 + 6 Aq in water, and alcohol. 
 
 BENZOGLYCOLATE OF ZINC. Sparingly sol- 
 3 18 H 7 Zn 8 -f 4 Aq uble in cold, somewhat more 
 oluble in hot water. 
 
 BENZOHELICIN. Soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 BenzoylHelicin.) uble in cold 
 
 = 5 12 H n q 10 | Q water. Slowly 
 
 oncentrated sulphuric acid, the solution being 
 iecomposed when water is added. Decomposed 
 y boiling chlorhydric acid. Unacted on by cold, 
 ut is decomposed by boiling solutions of the 
 Ikalies. (Piria, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 379.) 
 
 BENZOIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Tolue- 
 
 BENZOIC ANHYDRIDE. Vid. Benzoic Acid 
 Anhydrous). 
 
 BENZOIC ETHER. Vid. Benzoate of Ethyl. 
 
 BENZOICIN. Vid. Benzoate of Glyceryl. 
 
 BENzoicNiTRoBENZOATE. Vid. BenzoNitro- 
 Jenzoic Acid(Auhydrous). 
 
 BENZOICSALICYLATE. Vid. BenzoSalicylic 
 lcid( Anhydrous). 
 
 BENZOItlYLSuLPHOPHENOYLAMIC AdD. Ea- 
 
 Benzoyl Sulpha Phenylamic Acid.) sily Soluble 
 
 H NS =N ^C U H 4 S 2 O 4 '^0, HO in warm ' 
 
 in cold wa- 
 r. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 306.) 
 
BENZOSTEARIC ACID. 
 
 65 
 
 BENZOICYLSULPHOPHENOYLAMATE OF SODA. 
 (Benzoyl Sulpho Pkenylamidate of Soda.) Soluble in 
 
 C C u H, 
 N ]c t2 H 4 S s 1 ''.0,HO 
 
 ( Na 
 
 water, and al- 
 cohol. (Ger- 
 hardt, Ibid., 
 p. 305.) 
 
 BENZOICYLSDLPHOPHENOYL&ZAMID. 
 
 (Benzoyl SulphoPkenylbiamid. 
 Amid of Benzoyl Sidpkophenylamidyl. ) 
 C C 12 H 4 S, 4 
 C M H w N s S, 4 = N J C ti H, 
 
 H? 
 
 Insol- 
 uble in cold 
 water. Soluble 
 in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold 
 alcohol. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble even in boiling ammonia-water, 
 which even precipitates it from the alcoholic solu- 
 tion. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 303.) 
 BENZOILAL. Vid. Hydride of Benzoyl. 
 "BENZOIN" (Gum). Vid. Resins of Benzoin. 
 "BENZOIN" (Fat). Vid. Benzoate of Gly- 
 ceryl. 
 
 BENZOIN (Camphor of Oil of Bitter Almonds). 
 C t8 H 12 4 = C 28 H u O s , H Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Tolerably soluble in alcohol, and ether, 
 especially when these are boiling. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Woehler & Liebig.) 
 BENZOINAM. Insoluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol and in an alcoholic solution 
 of potash. A boiling alcoholic solu- 
 tion of chlorhydric acid dissolves it easily ; from 
 this solution it is precipitated by water. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether, and petroleum. (Laurent.) Sol- 
 uble in warm monohydrated sulphuric acid ; in 
 which solution water produces a precipitate. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZOINAMID. Insoluble in water. Very 
 
 C H N =N J^EWs sparingly soluble in boil- 
 
 S4 so 4 4 j jj 9 j n g alcohol, somewhat 
 
 more soluble in boiling 
 
 ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 BENZOLACTIC ACID. Soluble in 400 pts. of 
 n w n _C 6 H 4 2 "> n wft cold water; much 
 ^M io "s - Cl4 H S 2 <, U "> " ' more soluble in boil- 
 ing water, by which, 
 
 however, it is very slowly decomposed. Very 
 readily soluble in alcohol ; and in ether, which 
 removes it from the aqueous solution. 
 
 Most of the benzolactates are soluble in water. 
 (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 361.) 
 BENZOLACTATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 Cjo Hj, Ba 8 + 6 Aq 
 
 BENZOLACTATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boil- 
 C zo H 9 Ag 8 ing, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 BENZOLACTATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 water. Soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. 
 
 "BENZOL" (or BENZIN). Vid. Hydride of 
 C H. = C H S? Phenyl. 
 12 H > 
 
 BENZOL. Not isolated. 
 C 14 H 6 " 
 
 BENZOL(IC) ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Ben- 
 zol. 
 
 BENZOLIN. Vid. Amarin. 
 
 BENZOLONE. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 
 C 22 H 8 2 (?) Unacted upon by an aqueous solution 
 
 of caustic potash. Soluble in strong 
 
 nitric acid, from which it is precipitated unchanged 
 
 on the addition of water. (Rochleder.) 
 
 BENZOMYRISTIC Acio( Anhydrous). Solu- 
 
 (Myristate of Benzoyl. ble in boiling, less sol- 
 
 Benzoate of Myristyl.) uble in cold ether. (Chi- 
 
 C 42 H 32 = c 14 H 5 d ( 2 ozza, Ann.Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 91. 104.) 
 
 BENZONE. Vid. BenzoPhenone. 
 BENZONITRANILID. Vid. NitroPhenylBen- 
 zoylamid. 
 
 BENZONlTRANISID. 
 (BenzoNitrAnisamid. NilroBenzanisidid. 
 Oxide of MelkylNitroPlienylBenzoylamid.) 
 
 (C 14 H B 2 <C 14 H P 
 
 C 28 H^ N 2 8 = N ] C 12 H 4 (N 4 ) . 0, ; or N ] C, 4 H, 
 ( C 2 H s (. H 
 
 Completely insoluble in cold or hot water. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in alcohol at the ordinary 
 temperature, but tolerably soluble in boiling alco- 
 hol. Sparingly soluble in boiling ether, from which 
 it separates as the solution cools. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid when this is gently 
 warmed. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 
 451.) 
 
 BENZONITRIL. Vid. Cyanide of Phenyl. 
 
 BENzoNiTRoBENZoic Acid( Anhydrous). Sol- 
 
 (BenzoicNitroBenzoate. uble in warm, less 
 
 Benzoate of Nitro Benzoyl. soluble in cold alco- 
 
 Nitro- Benzoate oJBwzoyi.) hoi ; decomposed by 
 
 C 28 H 8 N 10 = c 1 * H s ^ j j 2 long-continued con- 
 tact with alcohol. 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 322.) 
 
 BENzoNiTRoCuMiD. ) Vi ^. Benzoyl- 
 
 BENZONITROCUMINAMID. \ ^roCumenyla- 
 BENZOPELARGONIC AciD(Anhydrous). Ea- 
 
 (Benzo Pelargonic Anhydride, sily decomposed by al- 
 Pelargonate of Benzoyl.) kal ; ne so l utionSi g i u . 
 
 C 32 H^ 6 = c " H " 2 j 2 ble in ether. (Chiozza, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 31. 209.) 
 
 BENZOPHENID. Vid. Benzoate of Phenyl. 
 BENZOPHENONE. Insoluble in water. Toler- 
 
 (Benzone. CarboBenzid. ably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Phenyhde of Benzoyl.) 
 
 CM H 10 2 = C J2 H 5) C 14 H B 2 
 
 out decomposition, in cold concentrated sulphuric, 
 and nitric acids ; from which solutions it is precipi- 
 tated in its original state by water. 
 
 BENZOPHENONE nitre". Vid. NitroBenzoPhe- 
 none. 
 
 BENzoPiPERio. Vid. PiperylBenzamid. 
 BENZOPROPYLENYL. Vid. Benzoate of Allyl. 
 BENZORESIC ACID. ) See under Benzoic 
 BENZORESINIC ACID. ) Acid (Amorphous). 
 
 BENzoSalicin. Vid. Populin. 
 
 BENZOSALICYL. Insoluble in water or in alka- 
 (ParaSalicyl. Spirin. line solutions. Easily 
 
 SalicylBenzoyl. Benzoyl- soluble in alcohol, and 
 SaluylousAcid. Salicylide ether< Soluble, without 
 of Benzoyl. Benzoate of , i . 
 
 Salicylou, Acid.) decomposition, in cold 
 
 H c " HS 2 ? O concentrated sulphuric 
 
 28 10 a c u H 5 2 \ 2 acid. Decomposed by 
 
 nitric acid. (Ettling.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, tolerably soluble in 
 warm alcohol. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 36. 104.) 
 BENZpSALiCYLic Acio(Anhydrous). Easily 
 
 (Benzosalicylic Anhydride. Ben- decomposed by boil- 
 
 zoate of Salicyl. Salicylate of : water Soluble 
 Benzoyl. Benzoic Salicylate.) , r< u j 
 
 r n - Cu H 5 4 U ether ( Ger ha rdt . 
 
 (3.) 37. 325.) 
 BENZOSTEARIC ACID. Soluble in boiling an- 
 C H o = Cs * HSS 2 \ hydrous ether. 
 CM H 5 2 > 2 Ann. Ch. u. Ph 
 104.) 
 
66 
 
 BENZOYLUREA. 
 
 BENZOSTILBIN. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 C 62 H 22 O 4 Somewhat soluble in ether. Soluble in 
 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. Unacted 
 
 on by a strong boiling solution of caustic potash. 
 
 (Rochleder.) 
 
 BENZOSUCCININ. Decomposed by continued 
 C 28 H 14 O 12 boiling with water or with alcohol. 
 Also soluble, with decomposition, in 
 solution of caustic potash. (Van Bemmelen.) 
 
 BENZOSULPHOPHENAMID. Vid. BenzoylSul- 
 phoPhenylamid. 
 
 BENzoStiLPHURic ACID. Vid. PhenylSulphu- 
 rous Acid. 
 
 BENZOSYLANILID. Vid. BenzoylAnilid. 
 
 BENZOTARTARIC ACID. More soluble than 
 C 22 H 10 14 = C 22 H 8 GU, 2 H benzoic acid in cold 
 water, but less solu- 
 ble than it in alcohol. 
 
 BENZOTARTRATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 BENZOVALERIC ACID. Soluble in ether. De- 
 
 (Benzoate of Valeryl. Valerate composed by alkaline 
 
 ofBenzoyl. Benzoic Valerate.) so i utiong . (Chiozza, 
 
 C 24 H 14 6 = c w o 2 Oj Ann. Ch. et Phys., ( 3. ) 
 
 39. 200.) 
 
 BENZOYLAMID. Vid. Benzamid. 
 
 BENZOYCIN. Vid. Benzoate of Glyceryl. 
 
 BENZOYL. Not isolated. Benzoate of Phenyl 
 c uHs2 was at one time mistaken for it. 
 
 BENZOYLANILID. Vid. PhenylBenzolamin. 
 
 DJ'BENZOYLANILID. Vid. PhenylcftBenzoyl- 
 amid. 
 
 BENZOYLANILIN. Vid. PhenylBenzolamin. 
 BENZOYLAZOTID. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 C3oH 12 N 2 uble in 350 < 400 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 
 Insoluble in ether. (Laurent.) 
 BENZOYLBENZOIN. Insoluble in water. Very 
 C 42 H 16 6 = 14 **s Mo 2 sparingly soluble in cold, 
 28 n2J easily soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Soluble in 6 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 80%. Readily and abundantly soluble especially 
 in hot ether. Easily soluble, without decomposi- 
 tion, in chloride of benzoyl. (Zinin.) 
 BENzOYLcAfonf. Vid. ChloroBenzoyl. 
 BENZOYLHELICIN. Vid. BenzoHelicin. 
 ^.Di'BENZOYLiMip. Soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Almost entirely insolu- 
 ble in ether, more soluble 
 in wood-spirit, which 
 deposits it on cooling. 
 Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. Soluble in hot nitric acid, 
 separating out again as the solution cools, but is 
 decomposed by long-continued boiling with nitric 
 acid. (Robson, J. Ch. Soc., 4. 226.) 
 
 BENZOYLMERCURAMID. Vid. Benzamid with 
 Mercury. 
 
 BENZOYLNlTROCtTMENYLAMID. Easily Soltl- 
 (BenzoNitro Cuminamid. BenzoNitroCumid.) ble in boil- 
 
 Toluyl Benzamid.) 
 C 28 H 13 N0 2 = Njc 1 14 H 7 5 ' 
 
 hoi, sepa- 
 rating out 
 again almost entirely as the solution cools. 
 
 BENZOYLPHENYLAMID. Vid. PhenylBenzoyl- 
 amid. 
 
 BENZOYLSALICYLAMIC ACID. Vid. Salicyl- 
 Benzamic Acid. 
 
 " BENZOYLSALICYLAMID " (of Gerhardt). Vid. 
 SalicylBenzamic Acid. 
 
 Vid. SalicylBenzoyl- 
 
 Vid: BenzoSa- 
 
 ue.) 
 
 own 
 
 . U.iiU 
 
 BENZOYLSALICYLIMID. 
 amid. 
 
 BENZOYLSALICYLOUS ACID. 
 licyl. 
 
 ACID. Easily 
 
 soluble in 
 warm, less 
 
 1,1 
 
 soluble in 
 cold water. 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 306.) 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENOYLAMATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C 20 H 10 BaNS 2 8 (?) Soluble in water. (Gerhardt, 
 foe. cit.) 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYLAMIC ACID. Sol- 
 
 ( SulphoPhenylBenzoylamic Acid. uble in alcohol 
 
 which . ^ 
 
 (Acide Benzoilsulfophenylam 
 
 f C 14 H 5 
 
 C 26 H 11 NS 2 8 = N ?C 12 H 4 
 
 C 28 H ts N S 2 8 = N 
 
 g s * 4 . 0, H >s precipitated 
 2 on the addition 
 
 of water. ( Ger- 
 hardt & Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 148.) 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYLAMATE OF AMMO- 
 NIA. 
 
 I.) acid. 
 C 62 H 29 N 8 S 4 16 = C M H 12 (N H 4 ) N S 2 8 ; C^ H ls N S 2 O 8 
 
 Readily soluble in water, and alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. (Gerhardt & Chiozza.) 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYLAMID. Easily Solu- 
 (Benzo Sulpha Phenamid. ble in absolute al- 
 
 Sulpho Phenyl BenzamM.)^ cohoL y ery gpar . 
 
 C 26 H u N S 2 = N J c'J H 8 fi S 2 4 &Y soluble in 
 
 ( H ether, and still less 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble in cold ammonia-water, with de- 
 composition and in solutions of the fixed alkalies, 
 with combination. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 46. 145.) 
 
 .D/BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYLAMID. Not Very 
 (BiBenzoyl Phenyl Sulphitamid. readily Soluble in 
 BiBenzo Sulpho Phenamid.) boil ; absolute 
 
 C 40 H 15 NS 2 8 = N|^^ ether at the ordi . 
 
 nary atmospheric 
 
 pressure ; but when subjected to a greater pressure 
 it readily dissolves. [Cold ether appears to retain 
 most of this in solution.] (Gerhardt & Chiozza, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 156.) 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYL&JAMID. Vid. Ben- 
 
 zoicyl SulphoPheny IWamid. 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYLAMIDATE OF X. Vid. 
 
 BenzoicylSulphoPhenoylamate of X. 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYL ARGENTAMID. Very 
 
 c C 14 H 5 2 sparingly solu- 
 C 26 H 10 Ag N S, O e = N j C 12 H 6 S 2 4 ble in cold wa- 
 
 ter, more readily 
 soluble in boil- 
 
 ing ammoniacal-water. Tolerably readily soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 148.) 
 
 BENZOYLSULPHOPHENYLARGENTAMMONIUM- 
 
 AMID. Easily soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 
 { u S 5 a 2 r> co ^ water. 
 c 12 H r ,s 2 o 4 The aqueous 
 N { Ag solution is de- 
 
 composed by 
 
 long-continued boiling. Easily soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Gerhardt & Chiozza.) 
 
 BENZOYLUREA. Sparingly soluble in water, even 
 (CarbonylBewoylbia- when this is boiling. 
 
 BenzUreid.) Soluble in 100 pts. of 
 
 r 2 do cold, and in 24 pts. of 
 
 ^14 "5 U 2 , .,. , , , r -. r 
 
 H 3 boiling alcohol. Much 
 
 less soluble in ether or 
 water than in cold alcohol. More soluble in boil- 
 
 . 
 Tf5 
 
 ~ ^2 ^ 
 
 ( 
 
BISMUTHIC ACID. 
 
 67 
 
 H TM o - N 
 28 Pt "s - 
 
 ing concentrated chlorhydric acid than in water; 
 from this solution it crystallizes out unchanged, on 
 cooling. Easily soluble in a cold aqueous solution 
 of potash. Unacted upon by ammonia. 
 
 BENZOYLUREID. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 (Benzoicyl Urea.) in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 d"}* ether - Decomposed by 
 "s*. boilingacids and alkalies. 
 (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 BENZYL. Vid. Toluenyl ; also Benzil. 
 
 Tn'BENZiLAMiN. Vid. fn'Toluenylamin. 
 
 BENZYLATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl 
 & of Toluenyl. 
 
 BENZYL(IC) ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of To- 
 luenyl. 
 
 BENZYL(IC) ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Toluenyl. 
 
 BENZYLOVINICETHER. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl 
 & of Toluenyl. 
 
 BERBERIN. Only sparingly soluble in cold wa- 
 C a H 19 N 10 + 10 Aq = N j C^ H, 9 O 10 "< + 10 Aq ter. 
 
 Soluble in 500 pts. of water at 12, and easily 
 soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, from which solution it 
 is precipitated by ether. (Stenhouse.) Soluble 
 in 250 pts. of cold alcohol, and in all proportions 
 in boiling alcohol. Somewhat soluble in several 
 of the essential and fatty oils. Insoluble in ether, 
 bisulphide of carbon, naphtha, or oil of coal-tar. 
 Decomposed by concentrated sulphuric, and nitric 
 acids. These acids, as well as chlorhydric and 
 phosphoric acids, precipitate it from the aqueous 
 solution. Soluble, without alteration, in the vege- 
 table acids, excepting tannic.acid, with which it 
 forms an insoluble compound. Soluble in alkaline 
 solutions. (Wittstein's Handw.) About as solu- 
 ble in a solution of ammonia as in pure water. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. Most of 
 its salts are but sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 BERGAPTENE. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 
 (Bergamot Camphor. Hydrate (Ohme.) Soluble in 
 
 $SgSou stearoptene 200 p ts - of J?" 1 "? 
 
 (j 6 H O 2 water, from which it 
 
 separates out as the 
 
 solution cools, even when the latter is four times 
 diluted. (Kalkbruner.) Soluble in 200 pts. of 
 alcohol, of 0.85 sp. gr., at 15. (Kalkbruner.) 
 Abundantly soluble in boiling alcohol, so that the 
 solution forms a solid mass on cooling. 
 
 Difficultly soluble in ether. (Ohme.) Soluble in 
 ether. (Mulder.) Insoluble in dilute, but soluble in 
 warm concentrated acetic acid ; from this solution 
 water precipitates it. (Kalkbruner.) Insoluble in 
 chlorhydric, and dilute sulphuric acids. Soluble in 
 monohydrated sulphuric acid, from which it is 
 precipitated by water, but not by alcohol. Solu- 
 ble in cold concentrated nitric acid, from which 
 solution water precipitates it. (Kalkbruner.) In- 
 soluble in ammonia. (Mulder.) Partially sol- 
 uble in boiling ammonia. Soluble in solution of 
 potash, from which it is precipitated by acids, but 
 not by water or alcohol. (Kalkbruner.) 
 
 BETAORCEIN. Vid. -Orcein. 
 
 BETAORCIN. Tolerably soluble in cold wa- 
 
 r TT n _ C 16 Ho" ) n ter - though much less sol- 
 
 ^i6 u i<>u H 2 J U * uble than orcin. Readily 
 
 soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 BETAORSELLESIC ACID, > V id. Orsellic 
 
 BETAORSELLINIC ACID. ) Acid. 
 
 BETARESIN OF X. See under RESINS. 
 
 BETULIN. Vid. Resin of Birch-Bark. 
 
 BEZOARIC ACID. Vid. Ellagic Acid. 
 
 Bi or BiNAcETATE (&c.) OF X. See under 
 Acetate (&c.) of X, asfo'wAcetate of X, 6i'Chloride 
 of X, and the like. 
 
 BICOLORIN. Vid. Esculin. 
 
 BILE, acids of the. Vid. TauroCholic Acid, 
 Cholic Acid, and HyoCholic Acid. 
 
 "BiLic ACID." Does not exist: the name 
 was applied to a mixture. 
 
 BILICHOLIC ACID. Vid. Cholate of Soda. 
 
 BILIFULVIC ACID. Insoluble in water or al- 
 cohol. 
 
 BlLIFULVATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Read- 
 
 (Bilifulvin.') ily soluble in water. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in anhydrous ether. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 BILIN. Vid. Cholate of Soda. 
 
 BILIPHEIN. Difficultly soluble in boiling wa- 
 C 32 H 18 N 3 B ter. Somewhat more easily soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. Very sparingly 
 soluble in boiling chlorhydric acid. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the alkalies and alkaline car- 
 bonates. 
 
 BILIPHEIN with BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BILIPHEIN with LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BILIVERDIN. Insoluble in cold, and nearly 
 C 16 H 9 N O s (?) insoluble in boiling water. Partially 
 soluble in alcohol. Completely sol- 
 uble in ether. Easily soluble in solutions of the 
 alkalies and alkaline carbonates. Soluble in sul- 
 phuric, chlorhydric, and concentrated acetic acids. 
 
 BisETHYL. Vid. BismuthEthyl. 
 
 BISMETHYL. Vid. BismuthEthyl. 
 
 BISMUTH. Permanent. Scarcely at all acted 
 Bi upon by water. Very slowly and sparingly 
 soluble in hot concentrated chlorhydric acid ; 
 more easily in hot concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 but this acid, when cold or dilute, does not act 
 upon it ; and still more easily in nitric acid, which 
 dissolves it even at the ordinary temperature. 
 Bismuth is not attacked by pure nitric acid, of 
 1.512 (S> 1.419 sp. gr., at 20; a more dilute acid 
 attacks it with extreme violence, but the acid thus 
 becomes more concentrated ; this is specially 
 marked with an acid as dilute as that of 1.108 sp. 
 gr. To bring about an action with the strong 
 acid, it is necessary to heat it or to add some ni- 
 trous acid. At very low temperatures bismuth 
 behaves like copper (q. v.) towards nitric acid. 
 (Millon, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 95, 99.) 
 
 BiSMUTiiPoTASSiuM. Decomposes in the air, 
 and by contact with water. (Breed, Am. J. Sci. t 
 (2.) 13. 404.) 
 
 BISMUTHETHYL. Not isolated. 
 (BiiEt/iyl.) 
 C 4 H B Bi" 
 
 BlSMUTHdJETHYL. 
 Bi (C 4 H 5 ) 2 
 
 BisMUTHfrzETHYL. Quite insoluble in water. 
 (Bismethyl. Bismuthide Easily soluble in absolute 
 of Ethyl to 
 C 12 H 15Bl 
 
 Sci., (2.) 13. 406.) 
 
 BISMUTHIC AciD(Anhydrous). Not readily 
 Bi0 4 attacked by acids. (Fremy, loc. cit.) 
 
 BISMUTHIC AciD(Hydrated). Insoluble in 
 
 (Per Oriiie of Bismuth.) water. Easily decomposed 
 
 Bi0 4) HO by acids. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 12. 495.) De- 
 
68 
 
 BORACIC ACID. 
 
 composed by sulphuric acid. Unacted upon by a 
 saturated solution of sulphurous acid. Neither 
 dissolved nor decomposed by dilute nitric acid, but 
 when left in contact with it for some time is con- 
 verted into an allotropic modification. Partially 
 decomposed by concentrated nitric acid, which also 
 converts a part of it into the yellow insoluble 
 modification. When treated with hot concentrated 
 nitric acid it is slowly but completely dissolved, 
 with decomposition. Slightly soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash, acid bismuthate of 
 potash being precipitated when this solution is 
 diluted with water. (Arppe, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 2. pp. 575 - 578.) Somewhat soluble in boiling 
 solutions of caustic potash and soda. 
 
 BISMUTHATE OF BISMUTH. Ppt. Decomposed, 
 with partial solution, by nitric acid. 
 
 BISMUTHATE OF POTASH. Insoluble in water, 
 but is decomposed by boiling therewith. (Fremy, 
 loc. cil.) 
 
 BITTER ALMOND OIL. Vid. Hydride of Ben- 
 zoyl. 
 
 BITUMENS OR ALPHALTS. Insoluble in water. 
 Some are soluble in alcohol, others only partially 
 soluble. Most of them are partially soluble in 
 ether, and oil of turpentine, and other volatile oils, 
 also in the fixed oils. 
 
 BIXIN. Sparingly soluble in water. Readily 
 (Coloring matter of soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Soluble in oil of turpentine, 
 fatty oils, alkaline solutions, 
 and sulphuric acid. (Preisser.) 
 
 BOHEIC ACID. Very deliquescent. Very ea- 
 C u H 10 12 = C u H 8 O w , 2 H sily soluble in water ; 
 and in all proportions 
 in alcohol. (Rochleder.) 
 
 BOHEATB OF BARYTA. Insoluble, or very 
 C, 4 H 8 Baa O u + 2 M sparingly soluble, in water or 
 alcohol. 
 
 BOHEATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 C M H 8 Pb 2 12 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) Ppt. 
 C u H 8 Pb 2 12 , 2 Pb O 
 
 BOLETIC ACID. Identical with Fumaric Acid, 
 q. v. 
 
 BOLORETIN. Soluble in warm alcohol, sepa- 
 40 H S2 O 6 rating out again as the solution cools. 
 Soluble in cold ether. (Forchammer.) 
 BORACIC ACID. 
 anhydrous. Slightly deliquescent. 
 
 Bixa Orellana.') 
 C 16 H 1S 2 
 
 BO 
 
 Soluble in 47.01 pts. of water at 18.75 
 
 27.75 
 
 18.73 
 
 15.13 
 
 9.29 
 
 7.28 
 5.58 
 4.74 
 
 25 
 37.5 
 50 
 62.5 
 
 75 
 
 87.5 
 
 100 
 
 Or, 100 pts. 
 
 of water at 18.75 dissolve 2.13 pts. of it. 
 
 25 
 
 37.5 
 
 50 
 
 62.5 
 
 75 
 
 87.5 
 
 100 
 
 3.60 
 4.24 
 6.61 
 10.76 
 13.73 
 17.92 
 21.09 
 
 (R. Brandes & Firnhabcr, Brandes's Archiv., 
 1824, 7. 52.) 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 100 
 (B. & F., loc. cit., p. 55) ; at 103.3 (T. Griffiths, 
 Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90). Soluble in 4.5 pts. 
 boiling water, less soluble in cold water. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 1. 662.) Sparingly soluble in water; 
 boiling water scarcely dissolving 0.02 of it, and 
 cold water still less. Soluble in alcohol. (Thomp- 
 son's System, 2. 19.) Anhydrous boracic acid is 
 insoluble in alcohol; the acid becomes soluble, 
 however, after it has combined with water. (Gra- 
 ham, cited by Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Pliys., (2.) 63. 
 281.) It is soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 1. 663 ; Ebelmen.) Soluble in oils, in acetic acid, 
 and in several of the strong acids when these are 
 warm, ex. gr,, in concentrated sulphuric, nitric, 
 and chlorhydric acids ; from these acid solutions 
 it separates on cooling, and on the addition of 
 water. 
 
 Largely soluble in sulphuric acid, especially if 
 this be hot. 
 b = 3 H 0, 2 B O s 
 c = 3HO, B0 3 
 ( Crystallized Boracic Acid.) 
 
 Soluble in 25.66 pts. of water at 18.75 
 
 14.88 
 
 12.66 
 
 10.16 
 
 6.12 
 
 4.73 
 
 3.55 
 
 2.97 
 
 25 
 37.5 
 50 
 62.5 
 
 75 
 
 87.5 
 
 100 
 
 (the 
 boiling point of a saturated aqueous solution.) 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of 
 
 water at 18.75 
 25 
 37.5 
 50 
 62.5 
 75 
 87.5 
 100 
 
 Or, the aqueous solution 
 saturated at 
 
 18.75 . 
 
 25 
 
 37.5 
 
 50 
 
 62.5 
 
 75 
 
 87.5 
 
 100 . 
 
 Dissolve of 
 
 B O 3 , 3 H O pts. 3.9 
 6.8 
 7.8 
 9.8 
 16.0 
 21.0 
 28.0 
 34.0 
 
 Contains Per Cent of 
 B 3 , 3 H O 
 
 3.75 
 
 6.27 
 
 7.32 
 
 8.96 
 14.04 
 17.44 
 21.95 
 25.17 
 
 (Brandes & Firnhaber, Brandes's Archiv., 1824, 
 7. 52, and fig.) 
 
 Soluble in 33 pts. of water at 10 
 " 25 " " 20 
 
 " 3 " " 100 
 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb., 1. 662.) 
 
 Soluble in 20 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from Oesterr. Zeitschrift Jur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstalfs Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. 
 of the aqueous solution saturated at 19 contain 
 3.75 pts. of it, and 25.18 pts. when saturated at 
 100. (M. R. & P.) 100 pts. of water at 100 
 dissolve 2 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) An aqueous 
 solution saturated at 8 is of 1.014 sp. gr. (An- 
 thon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 211.) More 
 readily soluble in spirit than in absolute alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 6 pts. of alcohol. (Wittstem's Handw.) 
 Soluble hi 5 pts. of strong boiling alcohol. (Wen- 
 zel, in his Verwandtscha/i, p. 300. [T.].) Soluble 
 in essential oils. 
 
 When the aqueous solution is evaporated a large 
 portion of boracic acid is volatilized. All of the 
 borates, excepting those of the fixed alkalies and 
 
BORATES. 
 
 69 
 
 ammonia are difficultly soluble in water, but are 
 soluble in boracic acid. They are all insoluble or 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 They are more soluble in water which contains 
 in solution tartaric acid or tartrate of potash than 
 in pure water. (Soubeiran.) The normal (mono) 
 borates of the alkaline earths are soluble to no in- 
 considerable extent in water, and more readily in 
 hot than in cold water. (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 
 1835, 34. 568.) 
 
 OF ALUMINA. Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. (Beudant.) 
 
 BORATE OP AMMOLIN (of Unverdorben). Very 
 readily soluble in water and in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 BORATE OP AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) 3NH 4 0,4BO s -t-3Aq Soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in a cold solu- 
 tion of ammonia. (Arfvedson.) 
 
 II.) bi. Efflorescent. Soluble in about 12 pts. 
 NH 4 0,2B0 3 + 4Aq of cold water. The solution 
 loses ammonia on being heat- 
 ed. (Arfvedson.) 
 
 III.) NH 4 0,4B0 3 4-6Aq Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in about 8 pts. of 
 
 cold water; when boiled the solution gives off 
 ammonia. (L. Gmelin.) 
 IV.) NH 4 0, 5B0 3 + 8Aq Permanent. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. 
 
 BORATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. Sol- 
 uble in cold water. The solution becomes turbid 
 on being heated. 
 BORATE OF AMYL. 
 
 I.) C 30 H 33 8 B = 3C 10 H U 1 B0 3 Decomposed 
 
 by water and 
 
 by a solution of ammonia. (Ebelmen & Bouquet, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 17. 61.) 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by water. Soluble in 
 C.nH,, 0, 2B 0, ether. (Ebelmen, Ann.Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 139.) 
 
 BORATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I. ) Ba O, B 3 + 10 Aq Soluble to no inconsid- 
 erable extent in water, and 
 
 more readily in hot than in cold. (Berzelius, Pogg. 
 Ann., 34. 568.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of normal citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Insoluble 
 in wood-spirit. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et. Phys., (3.) 
 16. 139.) 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in 100 pts. of cold, and more 
 Ba 0, 2 B O 3 + 5 Aq freely soluble in hot water. 
 
 When recently precipitated it 
 is soluble in cold aqueous solutions of chloride 
 of ammonium ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 41. 315; Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 96), 
 nitrate of ammonia (Brett, Ibid.), and chloride of 
 barium. (H. Rose.) 
 
 III.) quadri. 
 
 IV.) sex. Sparingly soluble in water. (Lan- 
 BaO,6B0 3 rent.) The bi, quadri, and sex salts 
 (Nos. 2, 3, & 4) are all somewhdt sol- 
 uble in water, and still more soluble in solutions 
 of ammoniacal salts, and even of chloride of ba- 
 rium. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 272.) 
 
 BORATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BORATE OF CADMIUM. Difficultly soluble in 
 
 CdO, 2B0 3 water. (Stromeyer.) Insoluble in 
 
 water. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Odling.) Easily soluble in a warm aqueous so- 
 
 lution of chloride of ammonium. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 BORATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Soluble 
 
 in acids. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 biborate of soda. (Moberg.) 
 
 BORATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Insol- 
 uble in water. (Hayes.) Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of biborate of soda. (Berlin.) 
 
 BORATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM & OF 
 6 Mg 0, 3 Cr 3 O 3 , 2B 8 MAGNESIA. Unacted on by 
 acids. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 33.52.) 
 
 BORATE OF COBALT. Scarcely at all soluble 
 in water. 
 
 BORATE OF COPPER (Cu 0). Permanent. 
 Cu 0, 2 B O 8 Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in 
 boracic acid and the acids generally. 
 (Tunnermann.) Soluble in a large excess of a so- 
 lution of chloride of ammonium when boiled 
 therewith for a long time. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 BORATE OP ETHYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Its properties are similar to those of 
 C 4 H 5 0,BO 3 No. 3. (Stajdeler.) 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by water. Soluble in all 
 C 4 H 5 0, 2B0 3 proportions in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 16. 132.) 
 
 III.) tri. Readily soluble in water, the solution 
 C 12 H 1B BO 6 = 3C 4 H S 6,BO 3 being decomposed in 
 the course of a few mo- 
 ments. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, and 
 ether. ( Ebelmen & Bouquet, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 17. 56.) 
 
 IV.) ? sesqui. Decomposed by absolute alcohol 
 
 2 C 4 H s 0, 3 B 3 with separation of hydrated boracic 
 
 acid and formation of No. 3. Not 
 
 so readily decomposed by water as No. 1. (Stasde- 
 
 ler.) 
 
 BORATE OF FLUORIDE OF SODIUM. Perma- 
 3NaFl,HO,B0 3 nent. Soluble in water. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb.) 
 
 BORATE of protoxide OF IRON. Insoluble in 
 FeO, 2B0 3 water, but is decomposed by washing 
 with water, boracic acid being gradu- 
 ally abstracted. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 BORATE of sesquioxide OP IRON. Insoluble in 
 Fe 2 3) 3 B O 3 + 3 Aq water. ( Berzel ius, Lehrb. ) 
 
 BORATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF MAGNE- 
 6MgO,3Fe 2 3 ,2B 3 81 A. Insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in hot concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid. (Ebelmen, Ann., Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 33. 54.) 
 
 BORATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Ea- 
 Pb O, B O 3 + Aq sily soluble in dilute nitric, and 
 hot acetic acids. 
 
 " Borate of lead " dissolves after long-contin- 
 ued ebullition in a large quantity of a solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. (H. Rose.) It is soluble 
 in a saturated aqueous solution of chloride of so- 
 dium. (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 2O. 1523.) 
 
 II.) bi. Slightly soluble in pure water, but in- 
 Pb 0, 2 B O 3 , + 4 Aq soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 soda salts, of borax for exam- 
 ple. (Soubeiran.) 
 
 III.) sesqui. Ppt. Resembles the normal salt. 
 2PbO,3BO 3 + 4Aq 
 
 BORATE OF LEAD with CHLORIDE OF LEAD. 
 Pb O, B O 3 ; Pb Cl + Aq Unacted upon by cold, 
 slowly decomposed by boil- 
 ing water. Insoluble in alcohol. (T. J. Herapath.) 
 
 BORATE OF LEAD with NITRATE OF LEAD. 
 
TO 
 
 BORATES. 
 
 Pb O, B O 3 ; Pb 0, N O 5 + x Aq Insoluble in alcohol 
 (T. J. Herapath.) 
 
 BORATB OF LEAD with SILICATE OF LEAD 
 
 BORATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Difficultly soluble in water. (Berg 
 Ca O, B O 3 + 2 Aq man.) Soluble to no inconsider 
 able extent in water, and more 
 readily in hot than in cold water. (Berzelius 
 Pogg. Ann., 34. 568.) Decomposed to a certain 
 extent by boiling water. 
 
 Borate of lime when recently precipitated is sol 
 uble, even in the cold, in an aqueous solution o 
 chloride of ammonium ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch 
 u. Pharm., 41. 315 ; Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3., 
 10. 96), of nitrate of ammonia (Brett, Ibid.), anc 
 of chloride of calcium. 
 
 II.) sesqui? Somewhat soluble, with decom- 
 position, in water. 
 
 III.) hi. Ppt. 
 Ca 0, 2 B 3 
 
 IV.) sex. Ppt. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 420.) 
 a = Ca 0, 6 B 3 
 
 6 = 2(CaO, 2 B 3 ) + 9Aq Slightly soluble in cold, 
 more soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. (Lecanu.) 
 
 BORATE OF LIME & OF MAGNESIA. Very 
 (Hydroboracite.) soluble in warm chlorhy- 
 
 CaO,MgO,3B0 3 +6Aq dric acid . 
 
 BORATE OF LIME & OF SODA. Scarcely sol- 
 2 Ca 0, Na 0, 6 B O s + 10 Aq uble in cold, very spar- 
 ingly soluble in hot 
 water. (Ulex.) 
 
 BORATE OF LIME with SILICATE OF LIME. 
 Ca O, B O 2 ; Ca 0, 2 Si O 3 -h 2 Aq Insoluble in water . 
 
 BORATE OF LIME with TARTRATE OF LIME. 
 BORATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) bi. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in water. 
 Li O, 2 B 8 
 
 II.) "acid salt." Less readily soluble in water 
 than the preceding. (C. Gmelin.) 
 
 BORATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I. ) tri. Unacted on by water. Easily soluble 
 SMgO, B0 3 in acids. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 33. 50.) Very sparingly soluble 
 in cold water. A portion of the acid is removed 
 by boiling water. (Rammelsberg.) When aque- 
 ous solutions of sulphate of magnesia and biborate 
 of soda are mixed a precipitate is formed which is 
 abundantly soluble in an excess of the former, but 
 much less soluble, or insoluble, in an excess of 
 the latter. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) mono. Insoluble either in cold or boiling 
 MgO, B0 3 + 8Aq water. Soluble in dilute chlorhy- 
 dric acid, from which it is repre- 
 cipitated unchanged on the addition of ammonia. 
 Concentrated chlorhydric acid decomposes it, mag- 
 nesia being dissolved and boracic acid deposited. 
 (Wcehler, Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 451.) 
 
 III.) (|). Insoluble in water. Slowly soluble 
 (Bomcite.) j n acids. (Berzelius.) 
 3 Mg 0, 4 B 3 
 
 IV.) ter. Slowly soluble, but in tolerable quan- 
 MgO, 3BO 3 + 8Aq tity, in water. (Woehler. ) Sol- 
 uble in 75 pts. of water. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 V.) sex. 
 
 MgO,6BO 3 +18Aq 
 
 BORATE OF MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. Easily 
 soluble in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BORATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SODA. Efflores- 
 Na 0, 2 Mg 0, 5 B 3 + 30 Aq cent. About as sol- 
 
 uble as biborate of soda in cold water ; the solu- 
 tion becomes turbid when heated, but clears up 
 again on cooling. Decomposed by boiling water. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BORATE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in water. 
 MnO,2B0 3 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Very difficultly 
 soluble in water. (Ot. Gr.) It is de- 
 composed almost immediately by warm water, 
 even when this is acidulated with boracic acid ; in 
 the cold the decomposition is more gradual. (Gor- 
 geu, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 42. 77.) Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of sulphate of magnesia. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 BORATE OF METHYL. 
 
 I.) tri. Miscible with water; but the solution 
 3C 2 H 3 O,BO g soon decomposes. (Ebelmen & 
 Bouquet, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 17. 
 60.) 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by water. Soluble in 
 C 2 H 3 0, 2 B O 3 ether. ( Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 137.) 
 
 BORATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. Insol- 
 uble in water. Very sparingly soluble in boracic 
 acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 BORATE of binoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. Insol- 
 MoO 2 ,2BO 3 uble in water. Soluble in boracic 
 acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 BORATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. Soluble in hot 
 boracic acid, somewhat less so in cold. Decom- 
 posed by alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BORATE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 Ni O, 2 B O 3 + 2 Aq uble in sulphuric, chlorhydric, 
 and nitric acids. (Tupputi.) 
 Easily soluble in a solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium when this is gently heated. (H. Rose, Jr.) 
 Decomposed to a certain extent by washing with 
 water. 
 
 BORATE OF PICOLIN. Decomposed by boiling 
 with water. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 BORATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very easily soluble in water. (Ar- 
 KO, BO 3 fvedson.) It dissolves in a very small 
 quantity of water, from which it crystal- 
 lizes with difficulty. (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 1835, 
 34. 568.) 
 
 II.) bi. Readily soluble in hot, and in cold wa- 
 ft = KO, 2 BO 3 ter. 
 
 rKO,2BO 3 + 6Aq Very readily soluble in 
 water. More readily soluble 
 in water than the ter or sex salt. 
 
 III.) ter. Permanent. 
 K O, 3 B O 3 + 8 Aq 
 
 IV.) sex. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 K 0, 6 B 3 + 10 Aq cold, but readily soluble in 
 boiling water. (Laurent.) 
 Difficultly soluble in boiling water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 163.) 
 
 BORATE OF POTASH with TARTRATE OF POT- 
 ASH. Vid. Tartrate of Boron & of Potash. 
 
 BORATE OF QUININE. Soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold water. (Serullas, Ann. Ch. et. 
 Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. 282.) 
 
 BORATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. (H. 
 AgO, BO 3 Rose.) Readily soluble, with decom- 
 position, in aqueous solutions of the 
 soluble hyposulphites. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. 
 Journ., 1819, 1. 397.) When precipitated in the 
 :old, borate of silver is soluble, even at the ordi- 
 nary temperature, in an aqueous solution of nitrate 
 >f ammonia. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
BORIDES. 
 
 71 
 
 II.) sex. Sparingly soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 AgO, 6B0 3 
 
 BORATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, with evolution of 
 
 a = anhydrous, Na O, B 3 heat. On slowly cooling 
 
 the hot aqueous solution 
 
 the 8 hydrated salt (c) crystallizes out ; but if the 
 salt be dissolved in a quantity of water sufficient 
 for the water of crystallization of c the latter crys- 
 tallizes much more difficultly. (Berzelius, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1835, 34. 567.) 
 
 6 = Na O, B 3 + 6 Aq Gradually separates out 
 from the liquor obtained by 
 fusing the 8 Aq salt in its water of crystallization, 
 when this liquor is cooled to 0. (Berzelius, Pogg. 
 Ann., 34. pp. 567, 568.) 
 
 c = Na 0, B 3 + 8 Aq Superficially efflorescent. 
 Soluble in hot, less soluble 
 in cold water. Melts at 57 in its water of crys- 
 tallization, but does not solidify again on cooling, 
 until after a long time. A portion of it thus 
 melted was kept for several days in a closed ves- 
 sel, at before any crystals appeared, after which 
 these increased slowly. (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 
 1835, 34. 567.) 
 
 II.) bi. Becomes opaque in moist air, being 
 a = Na 0, 2 B O 3 + 5 Aq gradually converted into b. 
 ( Octahedral Borax.) When a hot so l ut i on o f or . 
 
 dinary borax of 30 B. ( = 1.263 sp.gr.) is allowed 
 to cool slowly, the octohedral salt begins to crys- 
 tallize out as soon as the temperature of the so- 
 lution has fallen to 79 and continues to separate 
 until the temperature reaches 56, after which only 
 the ordinary prismatic crystals (b) are formed. 
 (Payen in his Precis de Chimie Industrielle, Paris, 
 1855, p. 325.) If the solution be boiled for some 
 hours it appears to yield more octohedral borax 
 on cooling, even when cooled below 56. (Buron, 
 Soubeiran & Pellerin ) 
 
 6 = Na 0, 2 B O s + 10 Aq Effloresces superfi- 
 
 (Prismatic, or ordinary Borax.) c ; a jiy. Soluble in 12 
 
 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts. of boiling water; the 
 saturated cold solution containing 9.23% of it, and 
 the saturated hot solution 33.33%. (Gmelin.) Sol- 
 uble in 20 pts. of cold, and in 6 pts. of boiling 
 water (Wallerius) ; in 15 pts. of water at 18.75 
 (Abl, from (Esterr, Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in CanstatCs Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 100 pts. of water Dissolve pts. of the of the cryst. Bait 
 at anhydrous salt. NaO,2BO 3 -f lOAq. 
 
 1.49 2.83 
 
 10 2.42 4.65 
 
 20 4.05 7.88 
 
 30 6.00 1 1 .90 
 
 40 8.79 17.90 
 
 50 12.93 27.41 
 
 60 18.09 40.43 
 
 70 24.22 57.85 
 
 80 31.17 76.19 
 
 90 40.14 116.66 
 
 100 55.16 * 201.43 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 8. 467.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 5 pts. of it. 
 " 65 " 40 " 
 
 " 100 " 166 " 
 
 (lire's Diet.) 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.019919 sp.gr. and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 3.926 pts. of the salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478, 482.) 100 pts. of the saturated aqueous so- 
 lution at its boiling temperature (105.5), contain 
 52.5 pts. of the dry salt; or 100 pts. of water dis- 
 
 solve 110.54 pts. of the dry salt at 105.5; or, 1 pt. 
 of the dry salt is soluble in 0.9047 pts. of water at 
 105.5. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 A hot aqueous solution of "borate of soda" is 
 liable to become supersaturated on cooling. (Gay- 
 Lussac.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Wenzel.) Nearly 
 insoluble in alcohol. (P. & F.) 
 
 III.) quadri. Soluble in 5 or 6 pts. of water at 
 
 Na O, 4 B O s + 10 Aq ordinary temperatures. (Bol- 
 
 ley, Ann. Pharm., 68. 122.) 
 
 Unlike borax, it deposits boracic acid on the 
 
 addition even of dilute acids. 
 
 IV.) sex. Known only in solution. (Laurent, 
 NaO,6BO s Ann. Ch. et Phys., 67. 218.) 
 
 BORATE OF SODA with FLUORIDE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) "neutral." Decomposed by cold, soluble 
 Na O, B O 3 ; 3 Na Fl -f 8 Aq in boiling water. 
 
 II.) " bi." Soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 NaO, 2BO 3 ; 6NaFl + 22 Aq 3.246.) 
 
 BORATE OF SODA with SUCRATE OF SODA. 
 
 BORATE OF SODA with TARTRATE OF SODA. 
 Vid. Tartrate of Boron & of Soda. 
 
 BORATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) bi. Almost insoluble in cold water. (Ber- 
 SrO, 2B0 3 zelius's Lehrb.) Soluble in 130 pts. 
 of boiling water. (Hope, Edin. Trans., 
 4. 17. [T.].) 100 pts. of boiling water dissolve 
 7.7 pts. of " sub-borate " of strontia. (Ure's Diet.) 
 Readily soluble in cold aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium and nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett.) 
 
 II.) sex. Very sparingly soluble in water. (Lau- 
 SrO, 6B0 3 rent.) 
 
 BORATE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water or in 
 a solution of boracic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BORATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble ki 
 water. 
 
 BORATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Ppt. Ea- 
 sily decomposed by water. 
 
 BORATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Richter.) 
 
 BORATE ofbinoxide OF VANADIUM. Insoluble 
 V 2 , 4 B 3 in water. Soluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of boracic acid. 
 
 BORATE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BORATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 Zn 0, 2 B 0. uble in boracic, and chlorhydric acids. 
 (Wenzel.) 
 
 BORATE OF ZIRCONIA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BORAX. Vid. fo'Borate of Soda. 
 
 BORIDE OF IRON & OF POTASSIUM. Decom- 
 posed by water. . (H.Davy.) 
 
 BORIDE OF NITROGEN. Insoluble in water. 
 N B Unacted on by nitric or chlorhydric acids, or 
 by concentrated caustic lye. 
 
 BORIDE OF NITROGEN & OF POTASSIUM. Li- 
 lt N 3 B 2 soluble in cold or boiling water or in cold 
 caustic .lye. Decomposed by boiling 
 aqua-regia. (Balmain, Phil. Mag., 21. 270.) 
 
 BORIDE OF PLATINUM. Soluble in nitromu- 
 riatic acid. (Descotils.) 
 
 BORNEENE. Insoluble, or very sparingly sol- 
 (Isnmeric with oil of Turpentine, uble in water. Sol- 
 Valerene (of Pierlof) .) uble in alcohol. Un- 
 
 acted upon in the 
 
 cold by ordinary nitric acid, but is decomposed by 
 boiling therewith. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 7. 281.) Soluble in ether. 
 BORNENIC ACID. Vid. Campholic Acid. 
 
72 
 
 BROMANIL. 
 
 BORNEOL. (From Dryobalanops camphora. 
 
 (Borneol Alcohol. Camphol. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 Campholic Alcohol. Solid water. (Pelouze.) In 
 
 Camphor of Borneo. Oxide of soluble in water. (Ber 
 
 Bornene.) . . r> j-i 
 
 I.) ordinary. 
 J 
 
 so1 
 
 , , 
 
 uble in alcohol, and 
 C 20 H 18 2 = *> g o 2 ether . ( Pelouze . Ber 
 
 thelot.) From a solu 
 
 tion of 2 pts. borneol in 10 pts. absolute alcohol 
 1 00 pts. of water separate, after three days' standing 
 1.2 pts. of borneol, and on agitating the liquic 
 with ether, this takes up an additional 0.6 pt. o; 
 borneol. (Berthelot.) 
 
 II.) Lwvo-rotatory. Sparingly soluble in water 
 Readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetic acid 
 (Jeanjean). 
 
 BoRoFujORiDE OF X. Vid. FluoBorate of X 
 
 BORON. 
 B 
 
 a = pulverulent. When freshly prepared it is some- 
 what soluble in water, and especially 
 in alkaline water ; but is insoluble in saline solu- 
 tions, as of chloride of ammonium, fluoride of potas- 
 sium, or borate of potash, or in alcohol. Chloride 
 of ammonium also precipitates it from the aqueous 
 solution. After having been heated, boron is no 
 longer soluble, even in boiling water, and is not 
 acted upon by acids or by alkaline solutions, ex- 
 cepting nitric acid and aqua-regia, which oxidize 
 it. (Berzelius. Lehrb., 1. 315.) Insoluble in hot 
 or cold alcohol, ether or oils. 
 
 Soluble in hot concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (H. Davy.) 
 
 b = crystalline. Unacted upon by any acid, or by 
 boiling concentrated alkaline lyes. ( Wcehler.) 
 
 BOROSILICATE OF X. Vid, Borate & Silicate 
 of X. 
 
 BOROTARTRATE of -X. Vid. Borate & Tar- 
 trate of X. 
 
 BRASSIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 (Supposed to be identical with in 12 pts. of alcohol, of 
 Darby's Erucic Acid.) r\ oqc an ~_ nt 70 -_._i 
 
 H fv _ p IT n wr U-"" sp. gr., at / , ana 
 
 \JiA tltn \Ji Uji H 41 Uo, Jtl \} . .. * .. .1 
 
 in all proportions in the 
 
 same alcohol at temperatures above 33. Miscible 
 in all proportions with ether. 
 
 The alkaline brassates are soluble, but all the 
 others are insoluble in water. 
 
 BRASSATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 BRASSATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BRASSATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 BRASSATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, and 
 C H 4l Na O 4 absolute alcohol. 
 
 BRAZILIN. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 (Brazilic Acid. Bresilin.) ether. 
 ^'36 H u OH 
 
 BRODRACASIC ACID. Vid. BromAnisic Acid. 
 
 .BiBROMACETAMID. 
 
 r IT Rr N O - N 5 C * H Br 2 2 
 l^ 4 U s UI 2 IN U 2 JM ^ jj^ 
 
 BROMACETIC ACID. Very deliquescent. Very 
 C 4 H 3 Br O 4 readily soluble in water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF AMYL. Insoluble, or very 
 C 14 H 13 Br O 4 = C 4 H.J Br (C 10 H n ) 4 sparing soluble, 
 
 in water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF BARYTA. Tolerably, sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF COPPER. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 C 8 H 7 Br0 4 = C 4 Ir 2 Br(C 4 H 5 )0 4 
 
 BROMACETATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble 
 C 4 H 2 Br Pb 4 in cold, tolerably soluble in hot 
 water ; but is decomposed when 
 boiled for a long time with water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF LIME. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF METHYL. Insoluble, or 
 C 8 H 6 Br 4 = C 4 H 2 Br (C 2 H 3 ) 4 sparingly soluble, 
 in water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in 
 water and in alcohol. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF SILVER. Insoluble, or 
 C 4 H 2 Br Ag 4 nearly insoluble, in cold water ; 
 decomposed by boiling water. 
 
 BROMACETATE OF SODA. Very soluble in 
 water. Insoluble, or nearly insoluble, in 'alcohol. 
 (Perkin & Duppa.) 
 
 .Bz'BROMAcETic ACID. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 2 Br, O 4 
 
 .B/BROMACETATE OF AMMONIA. Readily solu- 
 C 4 H Br 2 (N H 4 ) O 4 + Aq ble in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 ?*'BROMACETATE OF AMYL. 
 
 OF BARYTA. Deliquescent. 
 OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or 
 C 4 H Br 2 (C 4 H s ) O 4 but sparingly soluble, in water. 
 OF LEAD. Very soluble in 
 water, from which alcohol precipitates it. 
 Z&BROMACETATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 BJ'BROMACETATE OF POTASH. Very soluble 
 in water and in alcohol. 
 
 SZ'BROMACETATE OF SILVER. Decomposed 
 C 4 HBr 2 AgO 4 by boiling with water. (Perkin & 
 Duppa.) 
 
 MwioBROMACETONE. 
 H 5 Br 2 
 
 .Bt'BROMAcETONE. Completely insoluble in 
 & = (neutral oil.') water and in alkaline solutions. 
 ~ i H 3 Br s O 2 Soluble in all proportions in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 504.) 
 
 BROMACETYL. Vid. Bromide of Ethylene. 
 
 4 Br s 2 
 BROMAL. Vid. Hydride of ferBromAcetyl. 
 
 Z)J"BROMALLYLAMIN. Very sparingly soluble 
 in water. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in sulphuric, 
 
 chlorhydric, nitric, and acetic acids, with semi-corn- 
 
 jination. (Maxwell Simpson.) 
 
 Z)J'BROMALLYLETHYLAMIN. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 H Br N = N I , C H * Br ^ 2 ter - 
 
 BROMALOIN. Less soluble than aloin in cold 
 0^ H 16 Br 3 O 14 water, and alcohol. Easily soluble 
 
 in boiling alcohol. 
 
 BROMAMYL. Vid. Bromide of Amyl. 
 BROMAMYLENE. 
 
 ; 10 H 9 Br 
 
 Z>VBRO,MAMYLENE. 
 
 C 12 H 9 Br a N = N 
 
 Br 
 ;H 4 Br 
 
 .. Insoluble in water. Slight- 
 Bromanisoi. ly soluble in alcohol ; more soluble in 
 tatMMMtO ether- (Cahours.) 
 
 BROMANIL. Vid. ^erBromoKinone. 
 
BROMATES. 
 
 73 
 
 BROMANILAMIC ACID. Vid. fo'BromoKino- 
 narnic Acid. 
 
 BROMANILAMID. Vid. fo'BromoKinonamid. 
 
 BROMANILIC ACID. Vid. fo'BromoKinonic 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMANILIN. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 (Amabrophenase.) Easily soluble in alco- 
 
 Cu H 6 Br N = N \ g 12 H * Br hoi, ether, wood-spirit, 
 
 acetone, bisulphide of 
 
 carbon, and the fatty and essential oils. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 jBtB ROMAm LIN. Sparingly soluble in boiling, 
 
 C H Br N - N i C J 2 H 3 Br 2 atjd leSS soluble in 
 
 C 12 H 5 Br 2 N: N}j cold water. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 TVBROMANiLiN. Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 (Bromaniloid. AmaBroPhenise.) inglv soluble in cold, 
 C 12 H 4 Br 3 N = N j 12 HZ Bl " 3 reauily8oluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol. Readily 
 
 soluble in ether. Insoluble in dilute acids or in 
 alkaline solutions. Abundantly soluble in hot 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it sepa- 
 rates on cooling and upon addition of water. 
 (Fritzsche.) 
 
 BROMAXILOID. Vid. ferBromAnilin. 
 
 BROMANISIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 (Brnmanisylic Acid. Bromodra- even in boiling Wa- 
 conesic Acid. Bromodraconic tef Tolerably Sol- 
 Acid, Brodacasic Acid. Jaroma- ,, . , , , J 
 dracific Acid. Bromoanisatlc uble in alcohol, CSpe- 
 Acid. Bromoanisic Acid.) cially when this is 
 
 C 16 H, Br 8 = C 16 H 8 Br B) HO warm. Easily sol- 
 uble in ether. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 496.) 
 
 BROMANISATE OF AMMONIA. Very readily 
 soluble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 BROMANISATE OP BARYTA. Difficultly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 BROMANISATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 16 H 6 (C 4 H s ) Br 8 Easily soluble especially in 
 warm alcohol and ether. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et. Phys., (3.) 14. 500.) 
 
 BROMANISATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BROMANISATE OF LIME. Difficultly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 BROMANISATE OF MAGNESIA. Appears to be 
 soluble in water. 
 
 BROMANISATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 (BromAnisateofMethylene.) ter. Tolerably readily 
 c ie H e (2 H s) Br 6 soluble, especially in 
 
 warm alcohol and wood- 
 spirit ; less easily soluble in ether. (Cahours, 
 foe. cit., p. 503.) 
 
 BROMANISATE OF POTASH. Very readily sol- 
 uble in water. (Cahours, foe. cit.) 
 
 BROMANISATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 16 H 6 AgBr0 6 ter. 
 
 BROMANISATE OF SODA. Very readily soluble 
 in water. (Cahours, foe. cit.) 
 
 BROMANISATE OF STRONTIA. Difficultly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 BROMANISOL. Vid. Phenate of BromoMethyl ; 
 also BromAnethol. 
 
 BROMANISYL. Vid. Bromide of Anisyl. 
 
 BROMANISONITRANISIC ACID. Insoluble in 
 
 (NitroBromoDraconesic Acid.) water. Soluble in alco- 
 
 C 32 H u BrN0 16 hol, and ether. (Lau- 
 
 rent.) 
 
 BROMANISONlTRANISATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. 
 
 10 
 
 BROMIC ACID. Soluble in water. Decom- 
 
 Br0 5 ,HO posed by alcohol, and ether. Most of 
 
 the metallic bromates are easily soluble 
 
 in water, a few are difficultly soluble, but none are 
 
 insoluble. 
 
 BROMATE OF ALUMINA. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 AI 2 O 3 , 3BrO B uble in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE or AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 N H 4 O, Br O 5 
 
 BROMATE OF ARGENT&Z'AMIN. Decomposed 
 (Ammonia Bromate of Silver.) by water. (Rammels- 
 N 2 JH 6 .AgO,Br0 6 berg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 130 pts. of 
 BaO, BrO B +Aq cold, and in 24 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) 3BiO 3 , 2BrO 6 +6Aq Insoluble in bromic 
 acid. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in bromic acid. 
 
 BROMATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in 0.8 pt. of 
 CdO, BrO 6 + Aq cold water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF CERIUM. Permanent. Readily 
 Ce O, Br O 8 + 6 Aq soluble in water. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 BROMATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. De- 
 liquescent. Soluble in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF COBALT. Soluble in 2.2 pts. of 
 CoO, BrO B + 6Aq cold water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 BROMATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very easily soluble 
 Cu O, Br O 8 -h 6 Aq in water. 
 
 II.) hexa. Ppt. 
 6CuO, BrO B + 10 Aq 
 
 BROMATE OF CUPR(Z'O)?AMIN. Soluble in a 
 
 (Ammonia Bromate of Copper.) small quantity of wa- 
 
 N 2 ( H 6 . Cu O, Br O 5 ter, but is decomposed 
 
 by much water, with 
 
 separation of hydrate of copper. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 FeO, BrO s water, but the solution is exceedingly 
 liable to decomposition, with separa- 
 tion of a basic salt of the sesquioxide. (Berzelins, 
 Lefirb.) 
 
 BROMATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Fe 2 8 ,3BrO B Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) basic. Partially soluble in water, with sep- 
 5Fe 2 O S) BrO B + 30 Aq "aration of a portion of a 
 still more basic salt. Sol- 
 uble in nitric acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF LANTHANUM. Soluble in water. 
 LaO, Br O B + 6 Aq 
 
 BROMATE OF LEAD. Permanent. Soluble in 
 Pb O, Br O B + Aq 75 pts. of cold water. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF LEAD with CARBONATE OF 
 (Bromo Carbonate of Lead.) LEAD. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Loewig.) 
 
 BROMATE OF LIME. Soluble in 1.1 [or 1.5?] 
 Ca O, Br O B + Aq pts. of cold water forming a syrup. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF LITHIA. Deliquescent. Very 
 Li O, Br O B easily soluble in water. (Rammelsberg, 
 Pogg. Ann., 55. 63.) Efflorescent in 
 dry air. Very soluble in water. (Troost.) 
 
 BROMATE OF MAGNESIA. Efflorescent. Sol- 
 Mg 0, Br 5 + 6 Aq uble in 1.4 pts. of water at 15, 
 and melts in its water of crys- 
 tallization when heated. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
74 
 
 BROMATES. 
 
 BROMATE or MANGANESE^ 
 MnO, Br0 5 
 
 BROMATE OF C?MERCUR(IC)AMMONIUM with 
 NP 12 O, BrO ; 2HgO protOxiDB OF MERCURY. 
 
 I **g2 ' Ppt. 
 
 BROMATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water, but is decom- 
 Hg 2 0, BrO s posed when boiled therewith. Easily 
 soluble in chlorhydric, difficultly sol- 
 uble in nitric acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in warm water. (Rammels- 
 2Hg 2 0, BrO B berg.) 
 
 BROMATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Soluble 
 HgO, Br0 5 + 2Aq in 650 pts. of cold, and in 64 
 pts. of boiling water. (Ram- 
 melsberg. ) Easily soluble in chlorhydric, slightly 
 soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 BROMATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in 3.58 pts. of 
 Ni O, BrO a 4 6 Aq cold water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF NICKELAMMONIUM. Partially 
 N \ H ? Br soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 t ^ ' cohol. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF PALLADIUM. Very sparingly 
 soluble in broraic acid. 
 
 BROMATE OF PLATiNUM(Pt0 2 ). Soluble in 
 water, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when evaporated. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF POTASH. Soluble in boiling, 
 KO, BrO B much less soluble in cold water. (Bu- 
 lard.) Soluble in 15.2 pts. of water at 
 15; or 100 pts of water dissolve 6.58 pts. of it 
 at 15. (Rammelsberg.) Soluble in 16.2 pts. of 
 water at 15 (in Otto Graham). Soluble in 17.149 
 pts. of water at 17.1; or 100 pts. of water at 17.1 
 dissolve 5.831 pts. of it. (Pohl, Wien. Akad. 
 Beric/it, 6. 595.) 
 
 is soluble in 
 
 3.63 pts. of water at 
 
 
 2.50 
 
 2.61 
 
 20 
 
 
 1.92 
 
 1.99 
 
 40 
 
 
 1.54 
 
 1.60 
 
 60 
 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.32 
 
 80 
 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.10 
 
 100 
 
 Soluble in 29.90 pts. water at 
 
 18.46 " 
 
 10 
 
 " 14.15 
 
 20 
 
 " 7.23 
 
 40 
 
 " 4.20 
 
 60 
 
 " 2.69 
 
 80 
 
 1.95 
 
 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 
 
 I.* II.* III.* 
 
 
 Soluble in 29.90 32.13 32.07 pts. of water at 
 
 " 14.15 14.44 
 
 
 20 
 
 " 7.23 7.55 
 
 
 40 
 
 " 4.20 4.39 
 
 
 60 
 
 " 2.69 2.95 
 
 
 80 
 
 " 1.95 2.01 
 
 
 100 
 
 * The determinations in column I. were made immediate- 
 ly after the solutions had cooled to the given temperatures ; 
 those in column II. represent a new series of experiments, in 
 which the solutions stood for an hour at, after having fallen 
 to, the given temperatures, being frequently shaken mean- 
 while ; and those of column III. represent a third series of 
 experiments in which the solutions stood at the indicated 
 temperatures during eleven hours. (Kremers, Pose. Ann., 
 97.5.) 
 
 A solution of 1.0463 sp. gr. (at 19.5) contains 
 6.46 pts. of the anhydrous salt in every 100 pts. of 
 water. (Kremers, Pogg.. Ann., 95. 121.) The 
 saturated aqueous solution boils at 102 (Kremers, 
 Pogg. Ann., 92. 500), at 104, (Kremers, Ibid., 
 97. 5). 
 
 If a solution of bromate of potash, not yet sat- 
 urated, be concentrated by boiling, it will become 
 somewhat supersaturated. A solution thus pre- 
 pared boiled at 106 just before crystals began to 
 separate, when it fell to its normal, 1 04. ( Kre- 
 mers, Pogg. Ann., 97. 21 .) Very sparingly soluble 
 n alcohol. Insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 BROMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 AgO, BrO 5 Readily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 Insoluble in nitric acid. (Lo3wig.) 
 Slightly soluble in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMATE OF SODA. Soluble in 2.7 pts. of 
 NaO, BrO B water at 15. (Rammelsberg.) 
 1 pt. of anhydrous Na O, Br O fl is 
 
 soluble in 3.17 pts. of water at 7.5 
 " 2.15 " 30 
 
 " 1.71 " 50 
 
 " 1.29 " 74.4 
 
 " 1.14 " 98 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 94. 271.) 
 - Supersaturated solutions also may be obtained 
 when boiling saturated solutions are corked up in 
 flasks or scaled up in tubes, which are then hung 
 upon threads and allowed to cool slowly. Solutions 
 thus obtained contained 1 pt. of the anhydrous 
 salt in 0.90 pts. of water at 1 ; in 2.03 pts. of 
 water at + 11 ; in 1.38 pts. of water at 43.5 ; in 
 1.06 pts. of water at 65. (Kremers, loc. cit., pp. 
 271,261.) 
 
 1 pt. of anhydrous Na O Br O 6 
 
 The determinations in column I. were made im- 
 mediately after the solution had cooled to the 
 temperatures indicated, those in column II. were 
 obtained from another set of hot solutions the 
 temperatures of which were allowed to fall to the 
 given points, and then maintained thereat during 
 an hour, the flasks containing the solutions being 
 frequently shaken meanwhile. The saturated 
 aqueous solution boils at 109. (Kremers, Pogg. 
 Ann., 97. 5.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains pts. An aqueous Contains pts. 
 solution of of the anhy- solution of of the anhy- 
 sp. gr. (at drous salt dis- sp-. gr. (at drous salt dis- 
 19.5) solved in 100 19.5) solved in 100 
 
 pts. of water. pts. of water. 
 
 1.0560 7.44 1.2160 3099 
 
 1.1101 15.01 1.2645 38.84 
 
 1.1652 23.15 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 121.) 
 
 BROMATE OF SODA with BROMIDE OF So- 
 3(NaO,BrO 5 ); 2NaBr + 6Aq DIUM. Decomposed 
 by water, and alco- 
 hol. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 BROMATE OF STANNETHYL. 
 
 BROMATE OF STANNMETHYL. 
 
 BROMATS OF STIBETHYLIUM. 
 
 BROMATE OF STRONTIA. Permanent. EfBo- 
 
 Sr O, Br OB + Aq rescent. Soluble in 3 pts. of cold 
 
 water. (Rammelsberg.) Less 
 
 soluble in water than sexhydrated bromide of 
 
 strontium. (Loewig.) 
 
 BROMATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 BROMATE of binoxide OF TIN. 
 
 BROMATE OF URANIUM. With the exception of 
 4Ur.jO3, 3BrO 5 +16 Aq a small portion, it is com- 
 pletely soluble in water. 
 
 BROMATE OF YTTRIA. Somewhat difficultly 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) More sol- 
 uble than the iodate in water. (Berlin.) 
 
 BROMATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Soluble in 
 Zn 0, Br 8 + 6 Aq 1 pt. of water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
BROMHYD.RATES. 
 
 75 
 
 BROMATE OF ZINCAMMONIUM. Deliquescent. 
 N \ HS 0, Br + 3 Aq Decomposed by water, and 
 
 < Zn ' alcohol. Soluble in am- 
 
 monia-water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMAURIC ACID. Vid. terBromide of Gold. 
 
 BROMAURATE OF BARIUM. Permanent. (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. 347.) 
 
 BROMAURATE OF MAGNESIUM. Deliquescent. 
 (Ibid.) 
 
 BROMAURATE OF MANGANESE. Deliquescent. 
 (Ibid.) 
 
 BROMAURATE OF POTASSIUM. Difficultly sol- 
 a anhydrous, uble in water. More soluble in cold 
 K Br, Au Br 3 . a i co h o l than in water. 
 b = hydrated. Quickly effloresces. (v. 
 
 KBr, AuBr 3 + 5Aq Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 
 19. 346 ; and 33. 64. 
 
 BROMAURATE OF SODIUM. Appears to be 
 permanent. Difficultly soluble in water, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. 346.) 
 
 BROMAURATE OF ZINC. Quickly deliquescent 
 
 BROMAZOXYBENZENE. Vid. BromAzOxy- 
 Benzid. 
 
 BROMAzOxYBENZio. Very sparingly soluble 
 (Azozibenzide brome. Brom Azoxy benzene, jn alcohol. 
 Oxide of BramoPhenoylPhenoylbiamin.) /Laurent & 
 
 C 24 H 8 BrN 2 2 =N 2 |c 1 12 H 3 / r \ 2 Gerhardt.) 
 
 (H 2 ) 
 
 BHOMBENZIN. Vid. Bromhydrate of terBro- 
 moBenzin, and Hydride of BromoPhenyl. 
 
 BROMBENZINISE. Vid. Hydride of terBromo- 
 Phenyl. 
 
 BROMELAYL. Vid. Bromide of Ethylene. 
 .BJ'BROMETHYLAMIN. Soluble in water ; more 
 (Ethyiaminebibromi.) soluble in ether, which re- 
 N \ jj* H 3 Br2 moves it from the aqueous 
 
 solution. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 3O. 477.) 
 
 BROMETHYLENE. Tolerably easily soluble in 
 (BromideofAcetyLBrom- wa ter. (Regnault.) Misci- 
 i$ *A&S&. ble in all proportions with 
 alcohol, and ether. Very 
 readily soluble in alcohol. 
 Soluble in bromine and 
 in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Berthelot.) 
 
 PerBROMETHYLENE. Slightly soluble in wa- 
 (Ethylene perbromi. ter. Readjly soluble in alcohol, 
 mideof'arbon)' and etner> Unacted on by ni- 
 C 4 Br 4 ' tf i c > sulphuric, or chlorhydric 
 
 acids. (Lcewig.) 
 
 B?"BROMEUXANTHIC ACID. Almost insoluble 
 C 42 H 18 Br 2 22 in cold water or alcohol ; sparingly 
 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 It occurs under two modifications : one of which 
 (amorphous) is much more soluble in alcohol than 
 the other (crystalline). 
 
 The acid is easily soluble in ammonia, in which 
 solution carbonate of ammonia produces a pre- 
 cipitate. 
 
 .Bi'BROMEuXANTHATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 COPPER. 
 
 LEAD. 
 
 MAGNESIA. 
 
 POTASH. 
 
 SODA. 
 
 TerBROMEuxANTHONE. Insoluble in water. 
 C 40 H n Br 3 12 
 
 BROMHELICIN. Properties similar to those of 
 C 26 H 15 Br O u + 2 Aq chlorhelicin. ( Piria, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 14. 298.) 
 
 BromJEtheroid. 
 monobrome.) 
 C< H 3 Br 
 
 Ethylene 
 
 H Br 
 
 Insoluble in water, al- 
 C 12 H 12 Br N O 4 cohol, ether, or glacial acetic acid. 
 
 (Berthelot & De Luca.) 
 
 BROMHYDRANIL. Vid. perBromHydroKinone. 
 
 BROMHYDRIC ACID. The gas is rapidly and 
 
 (Bromohydric Acid, abundantly absorbed by water, 
 
 Hydrobromic Acid.) heat being evolved . The sat . 
 
 urated solution boils at a tem- 
 perature lower than 100, some of the acid being 
 thereby lost. More dilute solutions boil at tem- 
 peratures above 100, and become more concen- 
 trated. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble 
 in water. (Loewig.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF AMYLAMIN. Permanent. 
 Very soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. Sparingly soluble in ether, 
 which precipitates it from the 
 alcoholic solution. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30. 494.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF AMYI.ANILIN. Rather 
 sparingly soluble in water. Soluble in bromide of 
 amyl. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF <&AMYLANILIN. Nearly 
 insoluble in water. , 
 
 " BROMHYDRATE OF AMYLENE." Vid. Bro- 
 mide of Amyl. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF ANILIN. Soluble in water. 
 N C i2 H B) H Br Somewhat less readily soluble 
 
 * 2 than the chlorhydrate. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 53. 346.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BENZAMIC ACID. Easily 
 N $ C u H s O 2 Q HBr soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 ( H a Sparingly soluble in bromhy- 
 
 dric acid. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 325.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMIDE OF ACETYL. Vid. 
 Bromide of Ethylene. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMIDE OF ALDEHYDIN. 
 Vid. Bromide of Ethylene. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMIDE OF SILICIUM. 
 Si 2 Br 8 , 2 H Br Decomposed by water. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF terBROMoBENZiN. Insol- 
 
 (Ter Bromide of Benzin. uble in Water. (MitS- 
 
 BromBenzin. Hydrobro- cherlich ) Vervsnnr 
 
 mate ofterBromoBenzene.) lCn -> , * CI 7 S P a .^ 
 
 C 12 H 6 Br 6 = C 12 H 3 Br 3 , 3 H Br mgly soluble in boil- 
 ing ether and in al- 
 cohol. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMOCAPRYLENE. Vid. 
 Bromide of Caprylene. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMOCINCHONIN. Tol- 
 erably soluble in boiling alcohol. (Laurent, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 307.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE & CHLORHYDRATE OF sesqnt 
 BROMOCINCHONIN. Tolerably soluble in water. 
 C 80 H 45 Br s N 4 4 , 2 (H Br, H Cl) Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in boiling alco- 
 hol. Easily soluble in a hot alcoholic solution of 
 ammonia. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 
 311.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMOCODEIN. Sparingly 
 C 36 H.JO Br N O 6 , H Br + 2 Aq soluble in cold, readily 
 in boiling water. (An- 
 derson.) 
 
 >SeS7UiBROMHYDRATE OF ferBROMOCODEIN. 
 
 2 Cj,, H 18 Br, N O , 3 H Br Very sparingly soluble in 
 cold, more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. (Anderson.) 
 
76 
 
 BROMIDES. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMOMELANILIN. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMONAPHTHALIN. Vid. 
 Bromide of BromoNaphthalin. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMOPAPAVERIN. In- 
 640 H 20 Br N 8 , H Br soluble in water. Soluble in 
 boiling, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF BROMOSTILBENE. Vid. 
 Bromide of Stilbene. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF CAOUTCHIN. 
 
 BJ'BROMHYDRATE OF fo'CJHLORoCiNCHONiN. 
 40 II 22 C1 3 N 2 2 , 2 H Br Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF CONIIN. (?) Very soluble 
 in water, and alcohol ; less soluble in ether. (Blyth, 
 J. Ck. Soc., 1. 353.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF CUMIDIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF CUMINAMATE OF ETHYL. 
 Easily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 340.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF CYANANILIN. Soluble in 
 N c C 12 H 5 c N H Br water, and alcohol. It un- 
 
 i H 2 dergoes partial decompo- 
 
 sition when the solution is 
 evaporated. Insoluble in ether and in concen- 
 trated bromhydric acid. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1. 166.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF ETHYLAMIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF C/J'ETHYLAMIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF ETHYLANILIN. Extreme- 
 C 16 H u N, II Br ly soluble in water. Also soluble 
 in alcohgl. (Hofmann.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF C&'ETHYLANILIN. Ex- 
 O2oH 15 N, HBr tremely soluble in water. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF ETHYLCONIIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF ETHYLNAPHTHYLAMIN. 
 N ( 20 H 8 " H Br Very slightly soluble in cold 
 
 ( c * H s ' water ; rather soluble in hot wa- 
 
 ter, alcohol, and ether. (Schiff.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF ^ETHYLPHOSPHIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF GLYCERAMIN. Soluble in 
 
 C 6 H 9 N 4 , H Br alcohol. Almost entirely insoluble 
 
 in ether. (Bethelot & De Luca.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF GUANIN. Soluble in brom- 
 3 (C w H B N 6 O 2 , Br H) + 7 H O hydric acid. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF HARMIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF IODANILIN. Slightly sol- 
 uble in cold, somewhat more soluble in hot water. 
 Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 276.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE of MELANILIN. Very readily 
 C-je H 13 N s , H Br soluble in water, though less so 
 than the chlorhydrate. Less ea- 
 sily soluble in strong bromhydric acid th"an in 
 water. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 293.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF MENAPHTHALAMIN. Very 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF METHYLAMIN. Very deli- 
 C 2 H 5 N, H Br quescent. Very soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. 
 etPlys., (3.) 30.459.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF METHYL NITRO PIIENIDIN. 
 C 14 H 8 (N 4 ) N 2 , II Br 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF NAPHTHYLAMIN. Eeadily 
 ro <, C 20 H g " TT R soluble in alcohol ; less soluble 
 w ?H r in cold water. (Schiff.) 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF NITRO HARMALIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF NITROHARMIN. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF PHOSPHURETTED HYDRO- 
 P H 3 , H Br GEN. Decomposed by water. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF QUJNIDIN. Soluble in 200 
 pts. of cold water. 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF STRYCHNINE. Soluble in 
 C 42 H 22 N 2 4 , H Br wa ter. 
 BROMHYDRATE OF TEREBENE. 
 I.) mono. Permanent. 
 
 (BiBromhydrate of Terebene (of Deville).) 
 GZO H]6 H Br 
 II.) basic. 
 
 (MonoBromhydrate of Terebene (of Deville).) 
 2 Coo H 16) H Br 
 
 BROMHYDRATE OF TURPENTINE-OIL. Solu- 
 (Bromhydrate of Camphene.) ble in alcohol. (Deville.) 
 ^20 H 18 , H Br 
 
 JfonoBROMHYDRiN. Soluble in ether. (Ber- 
 
 n w n,. n - c e H '" ; 4 thelot & De Luca, loc. 
 C 6 H 7 Br0 4 - ^-jjjg dt) 
 
 BI'BROMHYDRIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 r> H TI f\ C 6 H B ' ; O, in absolute alcohol, and 
 
 HUr 2 in ether/ (B. &DeL.) 
 
 TerBROMHYDRiN. Slowly decomposed by wa- 
 (Bromide of Glyceryl.) ter. (Berthelot & De Luca, 
 C. H 6 "', Br 8 & + 2 Aq A >a t 
 (Isomeric with Bromide ^ \ 
 of BromoPrupylene.') 304.) 
 
 /SO-7erBROMHYDRIN. 
 
 (Isomeric with triBromhydrin and 
 with Bromide ofBromoProp/iylene.) 
 C 6 H 5 Br 3 
 
 . Vid. Propionate of Brom- 
 Allyl. 
 
 Soluble in water, from 
 (Oxide of Bromo Glyceryl.) which it is dissolved out 
 C 8 H B Br 2 = C 6 H e " j ^ by ether. (B. & L., loc. 
 
 cit.) 
 
 BROMHYDRINHEXAGLYCERIQUE. Insoluble in 
 38 H 27 Br O 14 cold, sparingly soluble in boiling 
 ether. (B. & L., loc. cit.) 
 
 . Almost insoluble 
 (Hydroquinone perbromie. jn water. Readily soluble 
 
 BromHydranil.) j n alcoho l ; and ethen 
 
 ^^ur.o, (Stenhouse, Phil. Mag., 
 
 (4.) 8. 39.) 
 
 BROMIDES. Almost all of the metallic bro- 
 mides are soluble in water, excepting those of mer- 
 cury, lead, silver, bismuth, and copper (Cu 2 Br). 
 (Persoz, Chini. MoUc., p. 463.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ACETYL. Quickly decomposed 
 C 4 H 3 2 ,Br by water. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ALDEHYDIN. Vid. BromEthy- 
 lene. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ALLYL. Soluble in alcohol, from 
 C 6 H 5 , Br which it separates on the addition of 
 water. 
 
 Z?Z'BROMIDE OF ALLYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 6 H 6 Br 2 Readily soluble in ether. (Berthelot & 
 
 De Luca.) 
 
 TerBRO^tiDE OF ALLYL. Insoluble, or very 
 C 6 H 5 Br s sparingly soluble, in water. (Wurtz.) 
 BROMIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in water, 
 A1 2 Br 3 with evolution of heat. Very soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berthemot, Loawig.) 
 
BROMIDES. 
 
 77 
 
 Brom Anisyl.) 
 C 16 H 7 4 Br 
 
 II.) basic. Basic bromides of aluminum which 
 contain six equivalents, and less, of base may be 
 obtained soluble in water. Those containing more 
 than six equivalents of base are insoluble. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 203.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM. Readily soluble in 
 N H 4 Br water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF IRON (Fe 2 Br 3 ). 
 Soluble in water. (Loewig.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MERCURY. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of bromide of am- 
 monium. (Loewig.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM (basic) & OF VANA- 
 DIUM. Ppt. 
 
 BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM with FERROCTANIDE 
 
 (BromoFerro Cyanide O F AMMONIUM. Perma- 
 
 of Ammonium.) npnf Vprv snlnhln in 
 
 NH 4 Br;2NH 4 Cy,FeCy E 
 
 water. Ihe solution is 
 
 decomposed on boiling. (Himly & Bunsen.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 C 10 Il u Br sily soluble in alcohol, and .ether. (Ca- 
 
 hours.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF AMYLENE. 
 C 10 H 10 ", Br 2 
 
 BROMIDE OF ANISYL. Somewhat soluble in 
 (BromAnisyious Acid, ether. Decomposed by boil- 
 ing concentrated solutions of 
 caustic potash. (Cahours, 
 Ann. CIi. et Phys., (3.) 14. 486.) 
 
 TerBROMiDE OF ANTIMONY. Deliquescent. 
 
 Sb Br 3 Instantly decomposed by water. (Se'rullas.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ARGENTAMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 
 N c H 3 B a strong solution of ammonia ; this so- 
 
 { Ag r lution becomes turbid, from deposition 
 
 of bromide of silver, when water is 
 
 added to it. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ARSENiriExHYL. Deliquescent. 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 As, Br 2 Easily soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ARSENETHYLIUM. Very deli- 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 4 As, Br quescent. Very easily soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 TerBROMiDE OF ARSENIC. Decomposed by 
 As Br s water to a soluble, very acid, and an in- 
 soluble basic salt. (Se'rullas.) Decom- 
 posed by a large quantity of water to arsenious 
 acid and bromhydric acid. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ARSEN^I'METHYL. 
 
 (C 2 II 3 ) 3 AsBr3 
 
 BROMIDE OF ARSENMETHYLIUM. Very de- 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 4 As Br liquescent. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ARSENMETHYLETHYLIUM. 
 BROMIDE OF BARIUM. Very easily soluble 
 Ba Br -I- 2 Act in water. ( Balard. ) 
 1 pt of the anhydrous salt 
 
 is soluble in 1 .02 pts. water at 
 
 0.96 
 0.88 
 0.81 
 0.74 
 0.67 
 
 20 
 40 
 60 
 80 
 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 47.) 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 113. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains pts. An aqueous Contains pts. 
 
 solution of of Ba Br dis- solution of of Ba Br dis- 
 
 sp. gr. (at solved in 100 sp. gr. (at solved in 100 
 
 19.5) pts. of water. 19.5) pts. of water. 
 
 1.1440 17.81 1.5816 81.97 
 
 1.3005 38.83 1.7115 104.68 
 
 1.4507 60.92 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 444.) 
 
 Easily soluble in absolute alcohol. (Hucnefeld.) 
 Soluble in absolute alcohol. (H. Rose.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF BARIUM & OF MERCURY (HgBr). 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in water, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. pp. 340, 342.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF BARIUM with CYANIDE OF MER- 
 Ba Br j 2 Hg Cy + 6 Aq CURY. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol, especially when 
 these are hot. (Caillot.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF BENZAMID. Slowly decomposed by 
 C 14 H 7 N 2 , Br 2 water ; quickly by ammonia-water. 
 
 TerBROMiDE OF BENZIN. Vid. Bromhydrate 
 of ferBromoBenzin. 
 
 BROMIDE OF BENZOYL. Very slowly decom- 
 
 (Brombenzaldide. Benzolbiaci- posed when in contact 
 bromide. OzyBromoBenzoyl.) with wat(Jr E .. 
 \J-IA WK \jn. JtJr Tii .1 
 
 soluble, without de- 
 composition, itt alcohol, and ether. (Liebig & 
 Woehler.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF BISMUTH. Decomposed by water, 
 Bi Br 3 with separation of an insoluble basic salt. 
 
 BROMIDE OF BISMUTHETHYL. Soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 BROMIDE OF BORON. Decomposed by water. 
 BBr 3 (Poggiale.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF BROMALLYL. 
 C H 4 Br, Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF &BROMALLYL. 
 C 8 H 3 Br 2 , Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF BROMAMYLENE. 
 C 10 H 9 Br", Br, 
 
 BROMIDE OF BROMETHYLENE. Insoluble in 
 C 4 H 3 Br", Br 2 water. Freely soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and acetic acid. (M. Simp- 
 son, Phil. Mag., 14. 545.) 
 
 .BZ'BROMIDE OF BROMOCHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 
 (Bromide of Chlorobronaphtese .) Difficultly soluble in 
 C 20 H 6 ClBr,2Br 2 boiling, less soluble 
 
 in cold ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF foTJROMoMETHYL. Very spar- 
 
 (Bromoform Bromide of Carbon. {} soluble in 
 Bromide of Methyl bibromi. Per J^' c n i n u] ;,, 
 .Bromide of Formyl.) Water, bolubie in 
 
 C 2 HBr 2 , Br alcohol, ether, and 
 
 the essential oils. 
 (Loewig.) 
 
 ?BROMIDE OF &/BROMONAPHTHALIN. Very 
 (Bronaptesbromure.) slightly soluble in boil- 
 
 C 20 H 6 Br 6 _ C 20 H e Br 2 , 2 Br 2 ing etheri (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ferBROMoNAPHTHALiN. Sol- 
 (Sulbromide of Bronaphtise.) u ble in boiling ether. 
 C 20 H 5 Br 6 = C 20 H 6 Br 3) Br 2 ^ Laurent. ) 
 
 ^"BROMIDE OF ^erBROMoNAi'HTHALiN. Very 
 
 (Bromide of Bronaphtise.') sparingly soluble in 
 
 Cjo H 5 Br 7 = C 20 H 8 Br 3 , 2 Br 2 ether ^ Laurent. ) 
 
 BROMIDE OF foTJROMoNiTRoMETHYL. Very 
 (BromoPicrin. Bromide of sparingly soluble in 
 Nitro Met/iylperbromt.) wafer Rpad i I v sol 11 
 
 C 2 Br 8 N0 4 = C 2 (N0 4 )Br 2 ,Br ^, er .' 
 
 ble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Stenhouse, Phil. Mag., (4.) 8. 38.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF BROMOPROPYLENE. Insoluble, 
 C 6 H 5 Br'', Br 2 or very sparingly soluble, in water. 
 (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF &JBROMOPROPYLENE. 
 C 6 H 4 Br 2 ", Br 2 
 
 BROMIDE OF <erBnoMoPROPYLENE. 
 C B H 3 Br 3 ", Br 2 
 
 BROMIDE OF BUTOYL. Soluble in spirit. 
 C 8 H 7 Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF BUTYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Bromide of Tetryl or of Valyl (Rolbe's Lehrb., 1. 
 
 Butyl Bromhydric Ether.) n n \ 
 
 O 8 U 8 Br 
 
78 
 
 BROMIDES. 
 
 BROMIDE OF BTJTYLENE. 
 
 (Bromide of Tetrylene.) 
 C 8 H 8 ", Br 2 
 
 BROMIDE OF CACODYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Resembles the chloride. Is decom- 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 As, Br posed by water. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 3 C 4 H 6 As Br, C 4 H 8 As 
 
 BROMIDE OF CACOPLATYL. Sparingly soluble 
 C 2 H s ?A a n _i_9A in cold > tolerably soluble 
 cXPM AsBr + 2Aq in warm water. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CADMIUM. Deliquescent. Ea- 
 a = Cd Br sily soluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. Also soluble in 
 wood-spirit. Soluble, without .decomposition, in 
 chlorhydric, and acetic acids. Decomposed by 
 nitric acid. 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains pts. of Cd Br 
 
 of sp. gr. dissolved in 100 
 
 (at 19.5) pts. of water. 
 
 1.2337 .... 29.8 pts. 
 1.4690 64.3 
 
 1.6496 94.1 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 156.) 
 b = Cd Br + 4 Aq Efflorescent. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CADMIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 K Br, Cd Br Much more readily soluble in water 
 than the corresponding chloride (K Cl, 
 Cd Cl). Slightly soluble in alcohol and in wood- 
 spirit, though less so than bromide of cadmium. 
 (Croft.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CADMIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 2 Cd Br, Na Br -f- 5 Aq 
 
 BROMIDE OF CADMIUM&ZAMIN. Decomposed 
 (Ammonia Bromide by water. (Ramrnelsberg.) 
 of Cadmium.) 
 
 N 2 ^ H 8 . Cd, Br 
 
 BROMIDE OP CADMIUMAMMONIUM. Decom- 
 XT c H, K posed by water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 N I cl Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF CAJPUTENE. Soluble in boiling 
 
 C 20 H 16 , Br 4 alcohol, and in ether. Is not altered 
 
 by boiling with an aqueous solution 
 
 of caustic potash. (Max. Schmidl.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CALCIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Very deliquescent, and soluble in 
 
 CaBr water. (Lcewig.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhy- 
 drous salt is soluble in 0.80 pts. water at 
 0.70 " 20 
 
 " 0.47 (3) 0.48 " 40 
 
 " 0.36 " 60 
 
 " 032 " 105 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann.,, 103. 65.) 
 An aqueous solution Contains pts. of Ca Br 
 
 of sp. gr. dissolved in 100 
 
 (at 19.5) piB. of water. 
 
 1.1386 .... 17.65 
 1.2660 35.43 
 
 1.3983 55.91 
 
 1.5214 77.04 
 
 1.6517 . . . . 102.56 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 445.) Very soluble 
 in alcohol. (O.Henry.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. Oxy Bromide of Calcium. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CALCIUM & OF MERCURY. 
 
 a.) Permanent in dry air. Decomposed by a 
 
 small quantity of water, but dissolves in warm 
 
 water. 
 
 b.) " Probably contains less Hg Br." Exceedingly 
 deliquescent. Soluble in water, (v. Bonsdorff 
 Pogg. Ann., 19. 340, 342.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CALCIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 , Br, 2 Hg Cy + 5 Aq MERCURY. Readily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 [Custer.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CALCiuMterAMiN. Soluble in 
 STT n n water. (Rammelsberg, Pogg. Ann., 
 
 1 55. 239 [Gm.].) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CAMPHOR. Deliquescent, with 
 20 H 18 2) Br 2 decomposition. Soluble in water ; 
 but the solution soon decomposes. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CAPRYL. Vid. Bromide of Octyl. 
 BROMIDE OF CAPRYLENE. 
 
 [Bromtiydrate of Bromo Caprylene. 
 Bromide of Octylene.) 
 C M H M ,Br, 
 
 BROMIDE OP CARBON. Vid. perBromEthy- 
 (Solid or proto Bromide of Carbon.) lene. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CARBON (liquid). Vid. Bromide 
 of 6t'BromoMethyl. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CARBON. Vid. Iodide of biBro- 
 moMethyl. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Very deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 Ce Br ter. (Beringer.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CETYL. Insoluble in water. More 
 C-a Hgg Br soluble in boiling, than in cold alcohol. 
 Readily soluble in ether. 
 
 BROMIDE OF CHLORETHOSE. Vid. Bromide 
 of pe?-ChlorEthylene. 
 
 BROMIDE OF perCaLORETHYLENE. Soluble 
 
 (Bromide of C/ilorethose. Bromo Chloride of in alcohol. 
 Carbon. Bromure d'Etkylene perchlor.) (MalagUti.) 
 C 4 C1 4 ", Br 2 
 
 BROMIDE OF CHLOROXETHOSE. Vid. Oxide 
 of terChloro&tBromEthyl. 
 
 BlBROMIDE OF fo'CHLORONAPHTHALIN. Spar- 
 
 (Bromide of Cklonapht&se. ingly soluble in 
 
 C 20 H 8 Clj Br 4 = C-jo H 6 C1 2 , 2 Br 2 cold alcohol, or 
 
 ether. Soluble in 
 
 ether at 100 (in a sealed tube), from which it 
 crystallizes on cooling, but if heated to 120 (a) 130, 
 crystals can no longer be obtained. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 C 8 H 6 C1, Br 2 
 
 J3ROMIDK OF S&TiOHLOROi ROPY.LENE 
 C 6 C1 9 ", Br 2 
 
 BROMIDE OF CHLOROSTILBENE. Sparingly 
 C 28 H u Cl, Br 2 soluble in ether, and alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent. ) 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF CHROMIUM. Deliquesces, 
 Cr Br with decomposition. 
 
 /SesguiBROMiDE OF CHROMIUM. 
 Cr 2 Br s 
 
 a = anhydrous. When prepared in the dry way, 
 and perfectly pure, it is completely insoluble in 
 water, but if it contains any protobromide it dis- 
 solves in water. (Wcehler.) 
 b = hydrated. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 the solution being easily decomposed by evapora- 
 tion. (Berthemot.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CINNAMENE (or of Styrol). In- 
 (BromoCwitamene. soluble in water. Readily sol- 
 Bromo Styrol.) uble j n a i co h l, and ether. MIS- 
 CM HS> Br a ci {ji e i n all proportions with 
 ether. 
 
 BROMIDE OF COBALT. Deliquescent. Easily 
 Co Br soluble in water. Also soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
BKOMIDES. 
 
 79 
 
 BROMIDE OF 
 
 N 3 | H 9 . Co, Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF CONIIN. Permanent. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol ; less soluble in ether. 
 
 DZ'BROMIDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 Cu 2 J?r Soluble in caustic ammonia. (Berthemot.) 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in chlor- 
 hydric, and bromhydric acids. Soluble, with de- 
 composition, in dilute nitric acid. (Lcewig.) In- 
 soluble in acetic acid, and in sulphuric acid, even 
 when concentrated and boiling. (Dumas, Tr. ) 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF COPPER. Deliquescent. 
 CuBr + 6Aq Readily soluble in water. (Loewig.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CYANDZ'AMIN. Permanent. Ea- 
 ( Solid Ammonia Bromide of Cyanogen.) sily sol- 
 
 C 2 H 6 N s Br = CyBr; 2 N H 3 = N 2 2 N , Br ublein 
 
 water, 
 and in chlorhydric acid. (Bineau.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CYANS&TAMIN. 
 (Liquid Ammonia Bromide of Cyanogen.) 
 C 2 H 18 N 7 Br = Cy Br ; 6 N H 3 = N 6 | $> N , Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF CYANOGEN. Easily soluble in 
 C 2 N Br = Cy Br water, and alcohol ; more so than 
 iodide of cyanogen. (Se'rullas.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF CYMENE. Insoluble in water. 
 Cao H 14 ", Br, (Sieveking.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ETHYL. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 C 4 H B Br in water. (Loewig.) Miscible in all 
 
 proportions with alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Loewig.) Water precipitates it from the alcoholic 
 
 solution. (Se'rullas.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ETHYLENE. Insoluble in water. 
 (BromElayl. BromAcetyl. Brom- Soluble in alco- 
 JEtherin. Bromhydrale of Bromide j^j e th er and 
 ofAcetyl. Bromhydrate of Bromide ' a - pt ;' ; d 
 
 ofAldehydin. ticacm. 
 
 C 4 H 4 ",Br 2 (Hermann.) Un- 
 
 acted on by con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Regnault.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ETHYLENEorom Vid. Bromide 
 of BromEthylene. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ETHYLENEcA/ore. Vid. Bromide 
 of perChlorEthylene. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ETHYLIDENE. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 4 ", Br 2 ter ; but is rapidly decomposed there- 
 by. (Wurtz & Frappoli ) 
 
 BROMIDE OF teZrErHYLAMMONiUM. Deli- 
 quescent. 
 
 BROMIDE OF friETHYLPHOSPHiN. 
 
 BROMIDE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Very deli- 
 quescent. Very soluble in water. Tolerably sol- 
 uble in alcohol, even when this is absolute, (v. 
 Planta & Kekule', Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 5.) 
 
 PerBROMiDE OF FORMYL. Vid. Bromide of 
 5zBromoMethyl. 
 
 BROMIDE OF GLUCINUM. Soluble in water, 
 Gl 2 Br 3 with great evolution of heat. (Woehler.) 
 
 The basic bromides of glucinum may be ob- 
 tained dissolved in water so long as they contain 
 less than three equivalents of the base, but those 
 containing three, or more than three, equivalents 
 are insoluble in water. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 26. 207.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Bromhydrin. 
 
 TirBROMiDE OF GOLD. Hygroscopic. Readily 
 (Bromauric Acid.) soluble in water. (Lampadius.) 
 Au 2 Br 3 Soluble in ether. (Wilson.) 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF IODINE. Soluble in water. 
 
 QumomBROMiDE OF IODINE. Soluble in wa- 
 I B 'B ter, with decomposition. 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF IRON. Very deliquescent. 
 
 FeBr, & + 6 Aq Soluble in water. (Loewig.) 
 
 ( Soluble in alcohol 1 ) ( Gmelin . ) 
 
 jSesgut'BROMiDE OF IRON. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 Fe 2 Br 3 uble in water, alcohol, and ether. (Loe- 
 wig.) 
 
 Basic sesquibromides of iron containing six 
 equivalents, and less, of base to one of acid may 
 be obtained dissolved in water. (Ordway, Am. 
 J. /Set., (2.) 26. 202.) 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF IRON & OF MERCURY. De- 
 liquescent. Soluble in water, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. pp. 340, 343.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in boiling water; 
 Pb Br more readily soluble in water containing 
 chlorhydric, nitric, or acetic acids. (Loe- 
 wig.) Slowly soluble in cold, quickly soluble in 
 warm aqueous solutions of nitrate of ammonia 
 and chloride of ammonium. (Wittstein.) It is not 
 precipitated from solutions containing citrate of 
 soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. OxyBromide of Lead. 
 BROMIDE OF LEAD & OF POTASSIUM. Solu- 
 K Br, Pb Br ble in a small quantity of water, with- 
 out decomposition, but is decomposed 
 by much water. ( Lcewig. ) 
 
 BROMIDE OF LEAD & OF SODIUM. Decom- 
 posed by water. (Loewig.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF LEAD with CARBONATE OF LEAD. 
 Pb Br ; Pb 0, C O a Insoluble in water. 
 
 BROMIDE or LITHIUM. Very deliquescent and 
 soluble in water. (Troost.) 
 
 Soluble in 0.70 pts. of water at 
 
 0.51 " 34 
 
 " 0.45 " 59 
 
 0.41 " 82 
 
 " 0.37 " 103 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 65.) 
 An aqueous solution of Contains pts. of Li Br 
 
 gp. gr. at 19.5 (sp gr. dissolved in 100 pts. 
 
 of water at 19.5 = 1) of water. 
 
 1.1173 .... 18.3 
 1.1414 22.8 
 
 1.2267 37.8 
 
 1.2713 47.8 
 
 1.3366 60.2 
 
 1.4075 78.7 
 
 1.4405 84.1 
 
 1.5424 110.2 
 
 1.5358 H2.7 
 
 1.6554 149.8 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. pp. 155, 158.) 
 BROMIDE OF LITHIUM with FLUORIDE OF 
 LITHIUM. Deliquescent. Easily solubfe in water. 
 BROMIDE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Soluble in wa- 
 6 N H s . Co 2 Br 3 ter. 
 
 BROMIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Deliquescent. 
 
 MgBr+6Aq Very soluble in water, with great 
 
 evolution of heat. (Loewig.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains pts. 
 solution of of anhydrous 
 gp. gr. (at Mg Br dis- 
 19.5) solved in 100 
 
 pts. of water. 
 
 10965 12.2 
 
 1.1864 24.5 
 
 1.2811 38.3 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 155.) 
 On evaporating the aqueous solution, some 
 bromhydric acid is evolved. Soluble in alcohol. 
 BROMIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF MERCURY. 
 
 An aqueous Contains pts. 
 
 solution of of anhydrous 
 
 sp. gr. (at Mg Br dis- 
 
 19.5) solved in 100 
 pts. of water. 
 
 1.4386 64.2 
 
 1.5693 88.6 
 
80 
 
 BROMIDES. 
 
 I.) MgBr; HgBr Deliquescent. 
 
 II.) Mg Br ; 2 Hg Br Permanent. 
 
 BROMIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 MgBr;KBr + 6Aq Permanent. Very soluble in 
 water; when the solution is 
 evaporated at the temperature of 75 <S> 87 crys- 
 tals of bromide of potassium are deposited while 
 bromide of magnesium remains in solution. De- 
 composed by alcohol. 
 
 BROMIDE OF MANGANESE. Deliquescent. 
 Mn Br Soluble in water. 
 
 PrOfoBROMIDE OF MANGANESE & OF MER- 
 CURY. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. pp. 340, 343.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF MERCUK(OUS)&Z'AMIN. 
 N 2 { H 6 . Hg 2) Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF (/ZMERCUR(O!/S)AMMONIUM. Re- 
 
 N ( ? 2 Br sembles the corresponding chloride. 
 I 2 Hg 2 
 
 BROMIDE OF e?j'MERCUR(zc)AMMONiUM. In- 
 
 N { HZ Br soluble in cold water, or in alcohol. 
 
 1 2 Hg Slightly soluble in ammonia- watr. 
 
 (Lojwig.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF MERCUR(I'C)AMMONIUM & OF 
 N I HS Br Hz Br MERCURY. Insoluble in water. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF MERCUR(OUS)ETHYL. Resem- 
 C 4 H 5 Hf a , Br bles the chloride. 
 
 .DZ'BROMIDE OF MERCURY. Insoluble in water 
 Hg 2 Br and in alcohol. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 561.) 
 Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 protonitrate of mercury. ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 41. 317.) Insoluble in cold aqueous 
 solutions of carbonate and succinate of ammo- 
 nia or chloride of ammonium, but they all dissolve 
 it partially, with separation of mercury, when hot. 
 Insoluble in boiling aqueous solutions of sulphate 
 or nitrate of ammonia. (Wittstein.) Like the 
 dichloride, it is partially decomposed by aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline chlorides ; when out of 
 contact with the air this decomposition is slight 
 and protobromide is formed, while in the air pro- 
 tochloride of mercury (HgCl) is the result of the 
 action. The decomposition is much more marked 
 in hot solutions than in cold. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 5. 177.) 
 
 /VotoBROMiDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) normal. Difficultly soluble in water. Sol- 
 Hg Br uble in 250 pts. of water at the ordinary 
 temperature, and in 25 pts. of boiling wa- 
 ter ; in 12 pts.. of cold, and in 3 pts. of hot spirit ; 
 still more readily soluble in ether. (Wittstein's 
 Uandw.) Soluble in 240 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbcricht, fur 1854, p. 76.) Sol- 
 uble in 94 pts. of water at 9, and in 4 (8> 5 pts. at 
 boiling. Easily soluble in alcohol, and still more 
 soluble in fcther. (Balard.) Decomposed by warm 
 nitric, and sulphuric acids. 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. Oxy Chloride of Mercury. 
 
 BROMIDE OF MERCURY & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) KBr;IIgBr(?) Permanent. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1830, 19. pp. 340, 341.) 
 
 II.) KBr; 2 Hg Br + 2Aq Permanent. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol, 
 (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. 340.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF MERCURY & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) NaBr;HgBr(?) Deliquescent, (v. Bonsdorff.) 
 
 II. ) Na Br ; 2 Hg Br + 3 Aq Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Berthemot.) 
 
 DZ'BROMIDE OF MERCURY & OF STRONTIUM. 
 I.) SrBr, Hg 2 Br Soluble in all proportions in 
 
 water. 
 
 II. ) Sr Br, 2 Hg 2 Br Decomposed by much water, 
 to the preceding compound 
 and insoluble bromide of mercury. (Lcewig.) 
 
 P?-otoBROMiDE OF MERCURY & OF ZINC. 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in water, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. pp. 340, 343.) 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF MERCURY with OXIDE OF 
 2HgBr ; C 4 H 8 AsO CACODYL. Somewhat soluble 
 in water, the solution under- 
 going decomposition when boiled. (Bunsen.) 
 About as soluble as the compound with chloride 
 of mercury, q. v. 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE 
 (Sulphobromideof Mercury.) O F MERCURY. Insol- 
 Hg Br ' 2 Hg S KI v. i 
 
 phuric acids. (H. Rose.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF METHYL. Insoluble, or hut spar- 
 (Methylic Bromide. Hydro- ingly soluble in water 
 brondc^lethyl Ether.) flt Q o ( Pierre ) Easily 
 
 soluble in alcohol, wood- 
 spirit, and ether. 
 
 BROMIDE OF METHYL6z6rom Vid. Bromide 
 of 6i'BromoMethyl. 
 
 BROMIDE OF /H'METHYLBROMETHYLAMMO- 
 CK, H 13 N Br 2 = N f ( C 2 H ^3 Br NiUM. Very easily 
 ( C 4 H 4 Br soluble in water, and 
 in boiling alcohol. Sparingly soluble in cold al- 
 cohol, insoluble in ether. 
 
 BROMIDE OF METHYLSELENIOUS ACID. 
 C 2 H 4 Br Se 2 6 = Se 2 (C 2 H 3 ) Br 4 + Aq 
 
 BROMIDE & ^CHLORIDE OF NAPHTHALIN. 
 
 ( Ter Chloro Bromide of Naphthalin.) More soluble than 
 
 CjoHg" | gj? (a) bichloride of 
 
 naphthalin in 
 
 ether, but less soluble therein than (|3) bichloride 
 of naphthalin. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF NAPHTHALIN brom, chlortf, &c. 
 Vid. Bromide of Bromo, Chloro, &c., Naphthalin. 
 
 BROMIDE OF NICKEL. 
 a = anhydrous. Like the chloride, it is only very 
 
 slowly soluble in water. 
 
 b = hydrated. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in 
 ^ 3A< * water. Soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 chlorhydric acid, and ammonia-water. (Berthe- 
 mot.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF NicKELferAMiN. Soluble in a 
 (Ammonia Bromide of Nickel.) small amount of wa- 
 N 2 1 H 9 . Ni, Br ter, but is decomposed 
 
 when this solution is 
 diluted with much water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF NITROGEN. Quickly decom- 
 NBr s posed by water, even more readily than 
 chloride of nitrogen. 
 
 BROMIDE OF NiTRoMETHYLperirome. Vid. 
 Bromide of perBromoNitroMethyl. 
 
 BROMIDE OF OCTYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Bromide of Capryl. Bromo Ca- Soluble in alcohol. 
 oryl. CaprylBromhydricEther.) (JJonis Ann Ch et 
 C " H Br P%s.,(3.)44. 130.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF OCTYLENE. Vid. Bromide of 
 Caprylene. 
 
 .B/BRO"MIDE OF PALLADIUM. Insoluble in 
 PdBr 2 (?) water. Soluble in water acidulated with 
 bromhydric acid. (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1830, 19. 347.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ^'BROMIDE OF PALLADIUM & OF X. Vid. 
 BromoPalladiate of X. 
 
BROMIDES. 
 
 81 
 
 OF PALLADIUM & OP POTAS- 
 K Br, Pd Br SIUM. Easily soluble in water, some- 
 what more difficultly soluble in alcohol. 
 OF PALLADIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 E OF PHOSPHORUS. Decomposed, 
 P Br s w ith solution, by water. 
 
 PentoBROMiDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Decom- 
 P Br 5 posed, with solution, by water. 
 
 BROMIDE OF PLATIN(OUS)&U.MIN. Soluble in 
 (Ammonioprotobromide of Platinum.') water. (Reiset, 
 N, 5 II C . Pt', Br Ann. Ch. et 
 
 pp. 425, 426.) 
 
 .BI'BROMIDE OF PLATINUM. Deliquescent. 
 (BromoPlatinic Acid.) Soluble in water, (v Bons- 
 ptBr 2 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. 
 
 343.) 
 
 BJ'BROMIDE OF PLATINUM with BROMIDE OF 
 X. Vid. BromoPlatinate of X. 
 
 BROMIDE OF % PLUMBETHYL. Easily soluble 
 (C 4 H 5 ) s Pb 2 , Br in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. Permanent. 
 KBr 
 
 Soluble in 1.87 pts. of water at 
 
 Phys., (3.) 11. 
 
 1.55 
 1.34 
 1.18 
 1.07 
 0.98 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 60 
 
 80 
 
 100 
 
 The saturated solution boils at 112. (Kremers, 
 Fogg. Ann., 97. pp. 15, 20.) Soluble in 4 pts. of 
 water at 18.75 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fiir 
 1854, p. 76) ; in 4 pts. of cold, and in 1 pt. of 
 boiling water ; in 200 pts. of cold alcohol of 80% 
 and in 16 pts. at boiling. 
 
 An aqueous solu- 
 tion of sp. gr., at 
 19.5 (sp. gr. of 
 water at }9.5=1) 
 
 1.0755 . 
 
 Contains per 
 cent of K Br 
 
 . 10088 . 
 
 Contains pts. of 
 K Br dissolved 
 in 100 pts. of 
 water. 
 
 . 11.22 
 
 1.1505 
 
 19.015 
 
 23.48 
 
 1.2222 
 
 26.670 
 
 36.37 
 
 1.2995 
 
 34.080 
 
 51.70 
 
 1.3618 . 
 
 . 39.500 . 
 
 . 65.29 
 
 (Kremers, loc. cit., 95. 119; the second column 
 is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen,p.33.) 
 
 From the observations of Kremers, Schiff cal- 
 culates the following table by means of the for- 
 mula : 
 
 D = 1 + 0.00725 p + 0.000022 p 2 + 0.000000 p s ; 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the 
 percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. of K Br. 
 
 1.037 .... 5 
 1.075 10 
 1.115 15 
 1.157 20 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. of K Br. 
 
 1.201 ... .25 
 
 1.248 30 
 
 1.298 35 
 
 1.351 40 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 1O7. 
 306.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF THORIUM. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 K Br ; 2 Hg Cy + 4 Aq MERCURY. Soluble in 13.34 
 pts. of water at 18, and in 
 less than 1 pt. of boiling water. (Brett.) Solu- 
 ble in alcohol, especially when this is hot. Solu- 
 ble, without decomposition, even in hot dilute or 
 monohydrated sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric 
 acid. (Brett.) 
 
 11 
 
 BROMIDE OF PROPYLENE. Insoluble in water. 
 (Bromide of Tritylene.) Miscible with alcohol, and 
 C 6 Hg", Br 2 ether. (Reynolds.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF SALICYL. Vid. BromoSalicylous 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMIDE OF SELENETHYL. Readily soluble 
 C 4 H 5 Se Br in ammonia-water, with formation of 
 oxybromide. (Joy.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF SELENIUM. Soluble in water, 
 Se Br with decomposition. 
 
 BROMIDE OF SILICON. Decomposed by water, 
 Si Br 3 like the chloride, with evolution of heat. 
 
 BROMIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. It 
 Ag Br is precipitated before chloride of silver when 
 a solution of a silver salt is added to a 
 mixed solution of chlorhydric and bromhydric 
 acids. (Berthier.) Slightly soluble in concen- 
 trated aqueous solutions of bromide of potassium, 
 and bromide of sodium. (Loewlg.) Soluble in a 
 hot aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium ; 
 very sparingly soluble in solutions of carbonate, 
 sulphate, or succinate of ammonia, and still less 
 soluble in a solution of nitrate of ammonia. (Witt- 
 stein.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of proto- 
 nitrate of mercury. ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 41. 317.) Soluble in concentrated brom- 
 hydric, and chlorhydric acids. (Lcewig.) Boiling 
 concentrated sulphuric acid decomposes it (Ba- 
 lard) ; hardly acts upon it (Dumas, TV.) ; dis- 
 solves a small quantity of it, which is reprecipitated 
 on the addition o water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 916.) Boiling concentrated nitric acid does not 
 act upon it at all. (Balard.) Soluble in concen- 
 trated caustic ammonia ; very sparingly in dilute 
 ammonia-water. (Wackenroder.) Very slightly 
 soluble in ammonia-water, from which it separates 
 out unchanged on evaporating the solution. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) Only slowly soluble in concen- 
 trated ammonia-water. (Ot.*Gr.) When prepared 
 in the moist way, it is completely insoluble in wa- 
 ter or nitric acid. Tolerably soluble in ammonia- 
 water. Soluble in a hot aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. Very sparingly soluble in a solu- 
 tion of nitrate of ammonia. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 164.) Soluble in caustic-ammonia, though 
 somewhat more difficultly than chloride of silver. 
 Insoluble in dilute acids, sparingly soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of water. ( Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF SILVER with CHLORIDE OF 
 SILVER. These salts appear to crystallize to- 
 gether in all proportions. Whether the solubilities 
 of these mixtures vary from those of their compo- 
 nents is a point not yet established. 
 
 BROMIDE OF SODIUM. Readily soluble in 
 NaBr-f 4Aq water, and in weak alcohol. (O. 
 Henry.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Gmelin.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt 
 
 is soluble in 1.29 pts. of water at 
 
 1.13 20 
 
 0.96 40 
 
 0.90* 60 
 
 0.89* 80 
 
 0.87* . . 100 
 
 * In these three determinations the solutions remained 
 supersaturated when cooled down, till at about 20 they 
 solidified with development of considerable heat. (Kremers, 
 Fogg. Ann., 97. pp. 14, 20.) 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 121. 
 (Kremers, Ibid.) 
 
82 
 
 BROMIDES. 
 
 An aqueous solution of Contains 
 
 gp. gr., at 19.5 (sp. gr. Per Cent Pts. of Na Br dissolved 
 of water at 19.5 = 1) of Na Br in 100 pts. of water. 
 1.1094 . . 13.104 . . 15.08 
 1.2175 24.093 31.74 
 
 1.3206 33.083 49.44 
 
 1.4342 41.643 71.36 
 
 1.5136 . . 46.981 . . 88.61 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 120; the second col- 
 umn is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Sahhesungen, 
 p. 33.) 
 
 From the observations of Kremers, Schiff calcu- 
 lates the following table, by means of the formula : 
 D = 1 + 0.00762 p + 0.000059 p 2 + 0.0000006 p 3 ; 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the 
 percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution of 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 1.040 . 
 
 1.083 
 
 1.130 
 
 1.181 
 
 1.237 
 
 Contains An aqueous Contains 
 
 per cent solution of per cent 
 
 ofNaBr. ep. gr. ofNaBr. 
 
 5 1.298 . . 30 
 
 10 1.365 35 
 
 15 1.438 40 
 
 20 1.518 . . 45 
 
 25 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 107. 305.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF SODIUM with CYANIDE OF MER- 
 NaBr ;2HgCy + 3Aq CURY. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. De- 
 composed by acids. (Caillot.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF SPIROYL. Vid. BromoSalicy- 
 lous Acid. 
 
 BROMIDE OF STANNETHYL. Soluble in alco- 
 C 4 H 5 Sn, Br hoi. Still more soluble in ether. 
 Water precipitate* it from both these 
 solutions. (Lcewig.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF &/STANNETHYL. 
 C 4 H 5 Sn 2 , Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF WSTANN(zc)<rzExHYL. Soluble 
 (Bromide of Methylo- in alcohol, and ether. 
 StannEtltyl.) 
 Sn 2 (C 4 H 5 ) s , Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF STANNMETHYL. 
 
 BROMIDE OF STiBfrt'AaiYL. Soluble in alco- 
 (C 10 H u )s Sb, Br 2 hoi, especially in absolute alco- 
 hol, and in ether. 
 BROMIDE OF STiBfriETHYL. 
 I.) (C 4 11,1)3 Sb, Br 2 Entirely insoluble in water. 
 Very easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Lcewig & Schweitzer.) 
 
 II.) Merck's bromide. Soluble in water. (Merck.) 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 Sb, Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Permanent. 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 4 Sb, Br + x Aq Very readily soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. (Loewig.) 
 BROMIDE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. Very soluble 
 
 OK ? /r- TT i n- in water, and alcohol. Insoluble 
 CD ( (\>a rU;4 t>r 
 
 t in ether. (Landolt.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF STILBENE. Insoluble in alcohol 
 C 28 H 12 , Br 2 or ether. 
 
 BROMIDE OF STRONTIUM. Efflorescent. Ea- 
 SrBr& + 6Aq sily soluble in water, being more 
 readily soluble than bromate of 
 strontia. Somewhat soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Loewig.) The crystallized salt is soluble in 1 pt., 
 or less, of cold water. When heated, it melts 
 in its water of crystallization. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 385.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt 
 s soluble in 1.14 pts. of water at 
 1.01 20 
 
 0.89 38 
 
 0.75 59 
 
 0.55 83 
 
 0.40 . . 110 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 66.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains pts of the 
 
 solution of anhydrous salt dis- 
 
 sp. gr. solved in 100 pts. 
 
 (at 19. 5) of water. 
 
 1.1327 16.15 
 
 1.2620 33.05 
 
 1.3784 49.51 
 
 1.5106 69.57 
 
 1.6809 98.13 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 444.) 
 BROMIDE OF STRONTIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 Sr Br ; 2 Hg Cy -f- 6 Aq MERCURY. Efflorescent. 
 Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. Decomposed by acids. 
 
 BROMIDE OF SULPHUR. 
 I.) S 2 Br 
 
 II.) S Br Slowly decomposed by cold, qnickly 
 decomposed by hot water. (Balard.) 
 BBOMIDE OF TELLURE-FHYL. Soluble in a 
 C 4 H 6 Te, Br solution of ammonia. 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF TELLURIUM. 
 I.) normal. Decomposed by water. (Berze- 
 TeBr Kus.) 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 BZ'BROMIDE OF TELLURIUM. 
 
 (Bromotclluric Acid.) 
 
 I.) normal. Slowly deliquescent. Soluble, 
 o = Te Br 2 without decomposition, in a very small 
 quantity of water, but a larger quan- 
 tity of water decomposes it. 
 6 = hydrated. Deliquesces with extraordinary ra- 
 Te Br 2 + Aq pidity. 
 
 II.) basic. Permanent. Decomposed by much 
 
 ( Tellurite of biBromide of Tellurium.) water. 
 
 BiBROMiDE OF TELLURIUM with BROMIDE 
 OF X. Vid. BromoTellurate of X. 
 
 BROMIDE OF TELLURMETHYL. 
 C 2 H 3 Te, Br 
 
 BROMIDE OF TETRYL. Vid. Bromide of Butyl. 
 
 BROMIDE OF TETRYLENE. Vid. Bromide of 
 Butylene. 
 
 BROMIDE OF THORIUM. Permanent. Solu- 
 ThBr ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF TIN. Soluble in water. 
 Sn Br 
 
 .BI'BROMIDE OF TIN. Soluble in water, ap- 
 Sn Br 2 parently without decomposition. (Balard.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF TITANIUM. Deliquesces with 
 Ti Br a decomposition. (Duppa.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF TRITYLENE. Vid. Bromide of 
 Propylene. 
 
 BROMIDE OF TUNGSTEN. 
 
 I.) WBr 2 Deliquesces, with decomposition, in 
 
 the air. (Borck.) 
 II.) WBr 2 ,WBr 3 
 
 III.) WBr s Decomposed immediately by wa- 
 ter. (Riche.) 
 
 ProtoBROMiDE OF URANIUM. Deliquescent. 
 UrBr + 4Aq Soluble in water. (Ramrnelsberg.) 
 
 SesqutBROMiDE OF URANIUM. Deliquescent. 
 Ur 2 3 , H Br Soluble in alcohol. (Berthemot.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF VALERYL. 
 C 10 H 9 2 , Br 
 
 B/BROMIDE OF VANADIUM. 
 VBr 2 
 
 a = blue modif. Soluble in water. When mixed 
 with alcohol the solution gelatinizes, but on evap- 
 orating the alcohol it becomes fluid again. 
 6 = brown modif. Soluble in water. 
 
BROMOAURATE OF X. 
 
 BROMIDE OF YTTRIUM. Deliquescent. Very 
 Y Br soluble in water, with evolution of heat. 
 
 (Berlin.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ZINC. Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 Zn Br water, with evolution of heat. Soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, chlorhydric and acetic acids, 
 and in ammonia. (Berthemot.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains pts. of the 
 
 solution anhydrous salt dis- 
 
 of sp. gr. solved in 100 
 
 (at 19.6) pts. of water. 
 
 1.1715 20.6 
 
 1.3270 42.6 
 
 1.3371 43.9 
 
 1.6101 91.4 
 
 1.7190 112.7 
 
 1.8797 150.3 
 
 2.1095 211.1 
 
 2.1441 224.7 
 
 2.3914 318.3 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 155, & 106. 587.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ZINCAMMONIUM. Decomposed 
 
 r H 3 B , . by water. Soluble in warm, less 
 
 N i Zn' Br ' A<1 soluble in cold ammonia-water. 
 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 BROMIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. Easily soluble in 
 Zr 2 Br s water. (Berthemot.) 
 
 Z?/BROMlMA8ATiN. Soluble in a solution of 
 
 (Imabromisat.inise. potash. (Laurent.) 
 Imabibromisatin.') 
 C 32 H 7 Br 4 N 3 8 
 BROM!NDATMIT. Vid. ferBromAnilin. 
 
 Z?<"BROMINDIN. Sparingly soluble in alcohol, 
 C 32 H 6 Br 4 N 2 4 and ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMINDOPTIC ACID. Vid. terBromoPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMINE. Soluble in 33.3 pts. of water at 15. 
 Br When exposed to sunlight the solution is 
 gradually converted into bromhydric acid. 
 (Loewig.) Below + 4 it forms a crystalline hy- 
 drate with water. Soluble in 31.0 pts. of water. 
 (Slessor.) No more soluble in hot than in cold 
 water. 
 
 An aqueous Contains in An aqueous Contains in 
 solution 1000 pts., solution 1000 pts., 
 
 ofsp.gr. pts. ofBr. ofsp.gr. pts. of Br. 
 
 1.0090 . . 10.7 1.0149 . 18.7 < 19 
 
 1.0093 12.0 1.0158 19.5 20.1 
 
 1.0099 13.0 1.0181 20.9 (a) 21.5 
 
 1.0122 . . 15.0 1.0237* 31.0 (31.7 
 
 (Slessor.) 
 * Saturated solution. 
 
 Soluble.in 34.29 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Easily soluble in strong alcohol, and in all pro- 
 portions in ether, but these solutions soon undergo 
 decomposition. Easily soluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon. Tolerably soluble in glycerin, with com- 
 bination. (Pelouze.) Soluble in benzin. (Mans- 
 field.) Insoluble in beuzin. (Moride, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 39. 452.) Soluble in oil of manda- 
 rin. (Luca.) Soluble in warm chloral (Liebig) ; 
 also in bromal and iodal (Loewig) ; soluble in 
 chloride of sulphur (Solly) ; and in bromide of 
 sulphur (Ot. Gr.). Readily soluble in strong 
 acetic acid ; decomposition ensuing after a time. 
 (Balard.) Readily soluble in valerianic acid. 
 (Trautwein.) Abundantly soluble, without de- 
 composition, in aqueous solutions of the acetates 
 of potash, soda, and lime. (Cahours.) 
 
 Soluble to an enormous extent in very concen- 
 trated bromhydric acid, from which solution much 
 of it is precipitated on the addition of water, a 
 
 solution'remaining which contains three times as 
 much bromine as there is acid. The bromine is 
 easily expelled from these solutions on boiling or 
 merely on exposure to the air. (Bineau, Ann. 
 Ch. etPhys., (3.) 7. pp. 264, 274.) Soluble in 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid. Less soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid than in water. 
 
 According to Balard, bromine is no more sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of bromide of potas- 
 sium than in pure water. Loewig finds, however, 
 that a solution of 1 pt. bromide of potassium in 
 6 pts. of water takes up as much bromine as it 
 already contains ; when this solution is gently 
 heated the bromine which was dissolved is sepa- 
 rated. A solution of 1 pt. of bromide of potas- 
 sium in 1 pt. of water takes up twice as much 
 bromine as it already contains, much heat being 
 evolved. This solution loses its bromine when 
 heated or exposed to the air. (Gmelin's Hand- 
 book.) 
 
 Most of the metallic bromides are soluble in 
 water. Several of them are soluble in ether. 
 (Gmelin.) 
 
 BROM!ODOFORM. Vid. Iodide of WBromo- 
 Methyl. 
 
 MonoBROMlsATic ACID. 
 C 16 H 6 BrN0 6 
 
 MonoBROMlSATATE OF POTASH. 
 
 ZftBROMlsATic ACID. Somewhat sparingly 
 C 16 H 5 Br 2 N0 8 soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 Bl'BROMlSATATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in boil- 
 
 ing water, separating out as the solution cools. 
 
 ZJi'BROMlSATATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 .BzBROMlsATATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 JEh'BROMlSATATE OF LIME. Soluble in boiling 
 water, separating out as the solution cools. 
 
 .BiBROMlSATATE OF POTASH. Less soluble in 
 
 C ie H 4 K Br 2 N 6 -f- 2 Aq water, and alcohol, than 
 
 the bichlorisatate of potash. 
 
 .Bt'BROMlsATATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boil- 
 ing, less soluble in cold water. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROM!SATIN. Soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 (Bromisatinase.) in cold water. (Erdmann.) Sol- 
 Cjg H 4 Br N 4 u ijj e j n D0 iii n g ) i ess soluble in cold 
 alcohol. (Hofmann.) 
 
 StBROMlsATiN. More soluble in water than 
 (Btomisatintse.) monobromisatin. Readily soluble 
 C 18 H 3 Br 2 N0 4 i n alcohol. (Erdmann.) Readily 
 soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Laurent.) Soluble in a cold aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash ; the solution subsequently under- 
 going decomposition, slowly in the cold, at once 
 when heated. (Erdmann.) 
 
 BiBROMlsATiN with POTASH. 
 C 16 H 2 KBr 2 N0 4 
 
 BROM!SATINASE. Vid. Bromlsatin. 
 BROM!SATINESE. Vid. fo'Bromlsatin. 
 
 BlBROMlSATHYDE. 
 
 C 32 H 8 Br 4 N 2 8 
 
 /J/BROMlsAToSuLPHiTE OF POTASH. Very 
 CM H* Br z K N O 6 , 2 S 2 sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 BROM!TONIC ACID. Tolerably soluble in cold, 
 (BromoPropionic Acid. readily soluble in boiling 
 Zromometacetomc Add.) wftter Solub , e {n M 
 
 \j(f HA OFn \JA . , . , J ' , 
 
 portions in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 502.) 
 
 BROMOANISIC ACID. Vid. BromAnisic Acid. 
 
 BROMOANISATIC ACID. Vid. BromAnisic 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMOAURATE OF X. Vid. BromAurate of X. 
 
84 
 
 BKOMOCOMENIC ACID. 
 
 BROMOBENZENE. 
 BROMOBENZID. 
 BROMOBENZINE. 
 BROMOBENZOL. 
 
 Vid. Hydride of Bromo- 
 Phenyl. Also, Bromhy- 
 drate of Benzin. 
 
 BROMOBENZOIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 14 H 5 Br 4 = C 14 H 4 Br 3 , H water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, 
 ether, and wood-spirit. 
 
 Most of its salts are very readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 BROMOBENZOATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOBENZOATE OF COPPER. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 BROMOBENZOATE OF LEAD. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 BROMOBENZOATE OF LIME. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 BROMOBENZOATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOBENZOATE OF SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 C u H 4 BrAg0 4 nble in cold, tolerably easily sol- 
 uble in warm water. (Peligot.) 
 
 BROMoBoRACic ACID. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in water. (Poggiale.) 
 
 BROMOBRUCIN. Soluble in dilute alcohol ; 
 (Bmtine bromi.) less soluble in water. (Laurent, 
 C 40 H^ Br N 2 8 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 314.) 
 
 BROMOBOTYLENE. 
 C 8 H 7 Br 
 
 .Bi'BROMoBcTYRic ACID. Vid. BromoTri- 
 conic Acid. 
 
 JBi'BROMoBuTYRic ETHER. Vid. BromoTri- 
 conate of Ethyl. 
 
 BROMOCARBOLIC ACID. Vid. BromoPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMOCARBONATE OF X Vid. Bromate of 
 X with Carbonate of X. 
 
 JBi'BROMoCARMiNDiN. Insoluble in water, or 
 C M H 15 Br 8 N 7 10 in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash or ammonia. Very freely 
 soluble in ether ; less soluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent.) Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 JBiBROMoCHLORANiLiN. Entirely insoluble in 
 
 r H ci Rr N - N i u H 2 C1 Br * water> Soluble 
 C 12 H 4 ClBr 2 N N|j j n alcohol> and 
 
 ether. Soluble, 
 
 without alteration, in warm solutions of ammonia 
 and of potash. Soluble in hot concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid, from which it separates out on cool- 
 ing ; it is also precipitated by the addition of 
 water. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated by water. (Hofmann.) 
 
 Bl'BROMOCHLORIDE OF CACODYL. 
 C 2 H 3 As Cl Br s 
 
 BROMOCHLORIDE OF CARBON. Vid. Bromide 
 of perChlorEthylene. 
 BROMO&t'CnLORoNAPHTHALiN. Tolerably sol- 
 
 (Naphthaline bromo-bichlorde. uble in alcohol. Very 
 CUorfbronaphtise A.) golable j ther 
 
 ^20 Br Cli 
 
 BJBROMOWCHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 ( Naph. bibromo-bichlorge.) 
 C 20 H 4 Br 2 C1 2 
 
 [There are two modifications.] 
 
 I.) Modification a. Scarcely at all soluble, even 
 ( CMorebronaptose i.) in boiling alcohol or ether. 
 
 II.) Modification p. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 BromeMonaphtose ft.) ether or in boiling alcohol. 
 
 BROMOferCHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 
 (Naph bromo-triclilorte.) 
 b 20 H 4 Br Cl, 
 
 [There are three isomeric modifications.] 
 I.) Modification a. Soluble in ether, and in 
 ((Moribronaplitose a.) mixed alcohol and ether. (Lau- 
 
 rent. ) 
 
 II.) Modification p. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 (Bromachlonapluose a.) alcohol. Tolerably soluble in 
 
 ether, though less so than in 
 
 modification a. Soluble in a mixture of alcohol 
 
 and ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 III.) Modification y. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (BromaMonaphtose b.) boiling alcohol and in ether. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 jBlBROMOferCHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 
 (Naph. bibromo-trichlorie.") 
 C 20 H s Br 2 Clg 
 
 [There are two isomeric modifications.] 
 I.) Modification a. Somewhat soluble in boil- 
 (Bromtchlonaphtuse b.) j n g ether, better in rock-oil. 
 
 II. ) Modification p. Almost insoluble in ether. 
 ( Chloribronaphtuse.') 
 
 BROMOCHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 C 6 H 4 Cl Br 
 
 BROMoCiNCHONiN. Tolerably easily soluble 
 C 40 H 23 BrN 2 2 = N 2 0. H, B, 0, 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 /Sesgui'BROMoCiNCHONiN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C 40 H 22 Br 2 N 2 2 ; C^ H^ Br N 2 2 Somewhat soluble 
 
 in boiling, less sol- 
 
 uble in cold alcohol. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 24. 309.) 
 
 Z?BROMoCiNCHONiN. Insoluble in water. 
 C^ H 22 Br 2 N 2 2 Sparingly soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. 
 
 BROMoCiNNAMic ACID. Soluble in water; 
 
 C 18 H 7 Br 4 the aqueous solution being somewhat 
 
 decomposed by evaporation. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol, with partial decomposition. Its salts 
 
 are easily soluble. (Herzog.) 
 
 BROMOClNNAMATE OF SlLVER. Soluble in 
 
 water, and ether. 
 
 BROMOClNNAMATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 BROMoCiNNAMENE. Vid. Bromide of Cinna- 
 
 . Scarcely at all soluble in cold, 
 C 86 H 20 Br N 6 + 3 Aq somewhat more soluble in 
 boiling water. Easily sol- 
 uble, especially in boiling alcohol. Scarcely at 
 all soluble in ether. Soluble in cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, also easily soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 TerBROMoCoDEiN. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 
 CM H 18 Br 3 N 6 Hy soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 
 in ether. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 cold, much more soluble in boiling chlorhydric 
 
 acid ; apparently with partial decomposition. 
 
 Its salts are very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Anderson.) 
 
 BROMoCoMENic ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 C ]2 n s Br 0, + 3 Aq cold, tolerably soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Less easily soluble 
 in water than chlorocomenic acid. Soluble in 
 warm alcohol ; but less so than chlorocomenic acid. 
 (How.) The normal (di) salts of the alkaline 
 earths are insoluble in water, the acid (mono) salts 
 of the alkaline earths are, on the contrary, very 
 readily soluble. 
 
BROMOPALLADIATES. 
 
 85 
 
 BROMOCOMENATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 I.) normal (di). Ppt. 
 
 II.) acid (mono). Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C ]2 H 2 A 8 Br io more readily soluble in boiling 
 water. (How.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 alcohol, and 
 
 Vid. Hydrate of Bromo- 
 Cumoyl. 
 
 BROMODRACONESIC ACID, i Vid. BromAni- 
 
 BROMODRACONIC ACID. j sic Acid. 
 
 BROMOETHTLENE. Vid. BromEthylene. 
 
 BROMoEuxANTHONE. Vid. BromEuxanthone. 
 
 BROMOFORM. Vid. Bromide of fo'BromoMe- 
 thyl. 
 
 ACID. Soluble in caus- 
 
 (BiBromo Qidnonamic Acid, tic ammonia. 
 
 BromAnilamic Acid.) 
 
 C 12 H 3 Br 2 N0 6 
 
 Z?f"BROMOKlNONAMATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 nble in water, and -alcohol. (Stenhouse, Phil. 
 Mag., (4.) 8. 41.) 
 
 Nearly insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, and 
 ether. (Stenhouse, 
 4 Phil. Mag., (4.) 
 
 8. 41.) 
 
 ACID. Soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether. (Sten- 
 house, Phil. Mag., (4.) 8. 
 40.) 
 
 (BiBromo Qninonamid. 
 
 BromAniiamid.) 
 
 ( BiBromo Quinonic Acid. 
 BromAnilic Acid.) 
 C 12 H 2 Br 2 8 
 
 .BiBROMoKiNONATE OF POTASH. Eeadily spl- 
 C J2 K 2 Br 2 8 -f- 2 Aq uble in water. Almost in- 
 soluble in alcohol and in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Stenhouse, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 Qadn'BROMoKiNONE. Nearly insoluble in 
 . water. Slightly soluble in cold, 
 tolerably soluble in hot alcohol, 
 and ether. (Stenhouse, Phil. 
 Mag., (4.) 8.39.) 
 
 BROMOLEIC ACID. 
 
 CM H, 2 Hr 2 4 
 
 BROMOMECONIN. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (RwmOpianyi. Abundantly soluble in 
 
 Hy<lri,leofBromOpianyl.) alcohol; and ether . ( An . 
 C 20 H fl Br0 8 
 
 
 276.) 
 
 Almost insoluble in 
 C C 12 H 4 (C 2 N) . H water. Easi- 
 CM H n Br 2 N 3 = N 2 | C 12 H 3 Br 2 ]y so i uble in 
 
 boiling, less 
 
 soluble in cold alcohol. Readily soluble in ether. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 299.) 
 
 TerBROMoMESiTTLENE (or MESITILOLE). 
 Cj 8 H 9 Br 3 Completely insoluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol. (Hofmann, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 2. 108.) 
 
 . BROMoMETAcETONic ACID. Vid. Bromi- 
 tonic Acid. 
 
 BROMOMETHTLSALICYLIC ACID. 
 thylBromoSalicylic Acid. 
 
 BROMOMETHTLSELENIOUS ACID. 
 C 4 H 6 l(r 0, 2 Se O 2 
 
 BROMONAPHTHALIN. 
 
 (BromoNaphtalase. Bronaphtase. 
 Bromide of Napfityl (of Kolbe). 
 Naphthaline brom^e.) 
 C-so H 7 Br 
 
 Vid. Me- 
 
 ^'BROMONAPHTHALIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Bromnaphtalfse. Bronaphtase. Very soluble 
 
 Bromide of BromoNaphthyl (of Kolbe).) in a i cohol) and 
 
 020 HB r2 ether. Scarce- 
 
 ly, if at all, acted upon by concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, even warm. Unacted upon by solution of 
 potash. (Laurent.) 
 
 TerBROMoNAPHTHALiN. Very slightly sol- 
 (Bromnaphtalise. Bronaphtise. uble in alcohol. Tol- 
 Bromide ofbiBromoNaphtyl.) erably soluble in ether 
 
 CioIl6lJrs (Laurent.) 
 
 QuarfriBROMONAPHTHALIN. 
 (Bronaphtase.) 
 C 20 H. Br 4 
 
 [There are two modifications.] 
 
 I.) DiflScultly soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 II.) Very sparingly soluble in ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 .BzBROMoNiTRAcETONiTRiL. Insoluble in 
 (Cyanobibromopierin.) water. Keadily 
 
 4 Br 2 N 2 4 = N \ C 4 Br 2 (N 4 )'" soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 BROMONlTROBENZIN. 
 ( NitroBromoBenzin. ) 
 C 12 H 4 (N0 4 )Br 
 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 a* H 10 Br N 3 6 = N 2 C 26 H 10 Br (N 4 ) 2 
 
 BROMo6iNiTRoNAPHTHALiN. Insoluble in wa- 
 (Nitrobronaphtise.) ter. Very soluble in ether ; less 
 GJO H 6 Br (N 4 ) 2 soluble in alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMO&i'NiTRoPHENic ACID. Very sparingly 
 (BiNitroBromoCarbolic Acid, soluble in boiling, and 
 mroBromoPkcn Add.) 
 
 Ppts., 
 
 water. Tolerably solu- 
 ble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. Its 
 best solvent is boiling ether. Soluble in warm, 
 less soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 but is decomposed when boiled with sulphuric 
 acid. Its salts are generally soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOfefNlTROPHENATE OF AMMONIA. 
 C 12 H 2 (N H 4 ) Br (N 4 ) 2 2 + 4 Aq 
 
 BROMOWNlTROPHENATE OF BARYTA. Very 
 
 C 18 H 2 Ba Br (N 4 ) 2 2 + 4 Aq readily soluble in wa- 
 
 ter. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMO&tNlTROPHENATE OF CADMIUM. ) 
 COBALT. > 
 
 " COPPER. ) 
 
 scarcely at all soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 BROMOfa'NlTROPHENATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) di. 
 
 C 12 H 2 Pb (N 4 ) 2 2 , Pb + 3 Aq 
 
 II.) polybasic. Ppt. 
 4 Pb 0, 3 C 12 H 2 Br (N 4 ) 2 
 
 BROMO&t'NlTROPHENATE OF LlME. 
 
 BROMO^tNlTROPHENATE OF NlCKEL. 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble in ammonia-water. 
 BROMoWNiTRoPHENATE OF POTASH. 
 ingly soluble in water, and alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMOfo'NlTROPHENATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 BROMOPALLADIC ACID. Vid. tiBromide of 
 Pd Br 2 Palladium. 
 
 BROMOPALI-ADIATE OF BARIUM. Permanent. 
 Easily soluble in water, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1830, 19. 347.) 
 
 BROMOPALLADIATE OF MANGANESE. 
 nent. Easily soluble in water. (Ibid.) 
 
 BROMOPALLADIATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 nent. Easily soluble in water. (Ibid.) 
 
 BROMOPALLADIATE OF ZINC. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Ibid.) 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 Spar- 
 
 Perma- 
 
 Perma- 
 
86 
 
 BROMOSALICYLATES. 
 
 BROMOPAPAVERIN. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 C 40 H 20 Br N O 8 ily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 BROMOPHENASIC ACID. Vid. BromoPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMOPHENIC ACID. 
 
 (Brumo Carbolic Acid. 
 Bromo Phenasic Acid. 
 Bromo Phenylic Acid.) 
 C 12 H 5 Br 2 = C 12 H 4 Br O, H 
 
 BROMOPHENATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in boil- 
 t Phenate of Eikylbromi.) ing, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. (Baly, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2.31.) 
 
 BROMOPHENATE OF METHYL. 
 
 (Phenate of BromoMethyl. 
 Phcnate of Methyl mono- 
 brojni. BromAnisol.) 
 C 12 H 4 Br(C 2 H 3 )0 2 
 
 .B/BROMOPHENIC ACID. 
 
 (BiBromo Phenylic Acid. 
 
 BiBromo Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Bromo Phenesic Acid.) 
 
 12 H 4 Br 2 2 = C 12 H s Br 2 O, H O 
 
 BiBROMOPHENATE OF METHYL. Soluble in 
 (Phenate of biBromo Methyl. boiling, less Soluble 
 BiBromanisol. Anisol bibromi. j n CQ | d al^ol. ( Qa- 
 P^eofMctkylbrome.) ^ ^ 
 
 C ]2 H 3 Br 2 (C 2 H 3 )0 2 p %s .', (3.) 10. 356.) 
 
 TerBROMoPHENic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 ( Tcr Bromo Carbolic Acid. Somewhat less SOl- 
 
 HrnmoPkenisic Acid. U ^\ Q J n alcohol 
 
 BroMpticAcid.) than terohlorophe- 
 
 12 H 3 Br 3 2 = C 12 H 2 Br s O, 3 ^^ (Laurent.) 
 
 7erBROMOPHENATE OF AMMONIA. 
 C 12 H 2 (N H 4 ) Br s O 2 
 
 BROMOPHENESIC ACID. Vid. 6j'BromoPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMOPHENISIC ACID. Vid. terBromoPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 BuoMoPHENYLAMiw. Vid. BromAnilin. 
 
 BROMOPHENYLlMESATIN. Almost insoluble 
 
 C 28 HO Br N 2 O 2 in water. Readily soluble in boil- 
 ing, much less readily soluble in 
 cold alcohol. (Engelhardt.) 
 
 BROMOPHENYLSULPHUROUS ACID. DcliqUCS- 
 
 (SulphoBromoBenzolic Acid. cent. Easily soluble in 
 
 Sulvlio Bromo Benzinic Acid.) -water 
 r TT RY- <4 o water. 
 
 ^12 "5 Br H 2 U 
 
 BROMOPHENYLSULPHITE OF AMMONIA. Al- 
 
 C 12 H 4 Br (N Hi) S 2 most insoluble in water. 
 
 BROMOPHILLYGENIN. 
 
 Bt'BROMoPHLORETic ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 C, 8 H 7 Br 2 B , H ter. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. (Hlasiwetz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 
 161.) 
 
 ZJ/BROMOPHLORETATE OF AMMONIA. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water ; partially decomposed 
 when gently heated with water. 
 
 .Bi'BROMOPHLORETATE OF BARYTA. 
 C 18 H 7 Ba Br 2 6 
 
 BROMOPHLOROGLUCIN. Soluble in boiling, 
 C t , H 3 Br s 6 + 6 Aq sparingly soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. Readily soluble in alco- 
 hol and in alkaline liquors. 
 
 BROMOPIANYL. Vid. BromoMeconin. 
 
 BROMoPiCRiN. Vid. Bromide of perBromo- 
 NitroMethyl. 
 
 BROMOPLATINATE OF BARIUM. Permanent 
 in warm dry air. (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 19. 
 345.) Easily soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOPLATINATE OF CALCIUM. Permanent. 
 Easily soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOPLATINATE OF MAGNESIUM. Tolerably 
 permanent. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOPLATINATE OF MANGANESE. Deli- 
 quesces in moist air. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOPLATINATE OF POTASSIUM. Difficultly 
 K Br, Pt Br 2 soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 
 19. 344.) 
 
 BROMOPLATINATE OF SODIUM. Permanent. 
 Na Br, Pt Br 2 + 6 Aq Easily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1830, 19. 345 ; and 33. 62.) 
 
 BROMOPLATINATE OF ZINC. Permanent, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 19. 346.) Easily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 BROMOPROPIONIC ACID. Vid. Bromitonic 
 C 6 Br 2 H 4 4 Acid. 
 
 BROMOPROPYLENE. 
 C 6 H 5 Br 
 
 Zfl'BROMOPROPYLENE. 
 C 6 H 4 Br 2 
 
 TerBROMOPROPYLENE. 
 Co H 3 Br 3 
 
 TerBROMoPROPYLic ALDIDE ? Completely 
 
 C 6 H 3 Br 3 , 2 insoluble in water, and in aqueous 
 
 alkaline solutions. Miscible in all 
 
 proportions with alcohol, and ether. (Cahours, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 504.) 
 
 JerBROMoPYRoGALLic ACID. Almost insol- 
 C 12 H 3 Br 3 8 = C u H 2 Br 3 6 , H & + 2 Aq uble in 
 
 cold, and 
 
 only partially soluble in boiling water, while an- 
 other portion 'is decomposed. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Unacted upon by chlorhydric or sul- 
 phuric acids, decomposed by concentrated nitric 
 acid. (Rosing.) 
 
 BROMoPYRoMECONic ACID. Sparingly solu- 
 C 10 H 3 Br0 6 ble in cold, somewhat more soluble 
 in boiling water. Easily soluble in 
 boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in monohydrated sulphu- 
 ric acid. Decomposed by nitric acid. (Brown.) 
 
 BROMOPYROMECONATE OF L.EAD. Insoluble 
 
 C 10 H 2 Pb Br O 6 + Aq in water or alcohol. (Brown.) 
 
 BROMOQUINONAMID. Vid. BromoKinonamid. 
 
 BROMOQUINONAMIC ACID. Vid. BromoKino- 
 namic Acid. 
 
 BROMoQuiNONic ACID. Vid. BromoKinonic 
 Acid. 
 
 BROMORCEID. Vid. BromOrcin. 
 
 TerBROMORCiN. Insoluble in water. Very 
 (BromOrceid. Or- easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 cinetribrome.) ether s o i u bl e in alkaline solu- 
 c 14 u 6 ur 3 u 4 tiong ^ stenhouse. ) 
 
 BROMOSALHYDRAMID. Vid. Hydride of Brom- 
 AzoSalicyl. 
 
 BROMOSALICYLIC ACID. Very sparingly sol- 
 C 14 H 6 Br 6 uble even in boiling water. Toler- 
 ably soluble especially in warm 
 alcohol, and ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 13. 101.} Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold water. Much less soluble in water than sali- 
 cylic acid. Easily soluble in alcohol. (Gerhardt, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 227.) 
 
 BROMOSALICYLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water, though less so than the salicylate. 
 
 BROMOSALICYLATE OF Ethyl. Vid. Ethyl- 
 Bromo Salicylic Acid. 
 
 BROMOSALICYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. Me- 
 thyl BromoSalicylic Acid. 
 
BROMOTRICONATES. 
 
 87 
 
 " SODA. ) in water, 
 
 though less so than the corresponding salicylates. 
 (Idem.) 
 
 .BiBROMoSALiCYLic ACID. Scarcely at all 
 C 14 H 4 Br 2 O 6 soluble in water. Tolerably easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and still more 
 soluble in ether. Tolerably soluble in acetic acid. 
 Soluble in gently heated concentrated sulphuric 
 acid ; from this solution it is precipitated by water. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 13. pp. 103, 112.) 
 
 /?BROMOSALICYLATE OF AMMONIA. LeSS SOl- 
 
 uble in water than the monobromosalicylate. 
 
 -Bt'BROMOSALICYLATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Ethyl- 
 
 6/BromoSalicylic Acid. 
 
 fij'BROMOSALICYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. Me- 
 
 thylWBromoSalicylic Acid. 
 
 .Gi'BROMoSALICYLATE OF POTASH. LeSS SOl- 
 
 uble in water than the monobromosalicylate. 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 BYBROMOSALICYLATE OF SODA. LeSS Soluble 
 
 in water than the monobromosalicylate. 
 
 With the oxides of the heavy metals bibromosa- 
 licylic acid forms insoluble salts. (Cahours.) . 
 
 TerBROMoSALicYLic ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 C u H 3 Br s 6 ter. Tolerably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Very soluble in ether. Soluble in 
 
 gently heated concentrated sulphuric acid. (Ca- 
 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 105.) 
 
 JerBROMoSALiCYLATE OF AMMONIA. Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 
 Tb-BROMOSALICYLATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 TerBROMoSALiCYLATE OF POTASH. Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 
 TerBROMoSALiCYLATE OF SODA. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water. 
 
 TerBROMOSALICYLATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. (Ca- 
 
 hours.) 
 BROMOSALICYLIMID. Vid. Hydride of Brom- 
 
 AzoSalicyl. 
 
 BROMOSALICYLOUS ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 (Hydride of BromoSalicyl. ter. Readily soluble in 
 Bromide of Salicyl (Im- olf.^,,] nn d Pthpr Its 
 properly). Bromide of Spi- a f ,. O1 > anc l^r. It! 
 
 royi. BromoSpiroyiousAcid.) alkaline salts are less 
 C 14 H 5 Br0 4 soluble in water (than 
 
 [Gmelin's Quere.] 
 
 the chlorosalicylites ?). 
 
 ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 (Hydridc ofbiBromoSa- ter. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 hcyl. BiBromoSpiroyl.) P th Pr 
 
 CTT t},. f\ CLIICI. 
 
 H U 4 Br 2 4 
 
 .Bi'BROMoSALICYLATE OF* POTASH. 
 
 BROMOSAMID. Vid. Hydride of BromAzo- 
 Salicyl. 
 
 BROMoSASSAFRAS-OiL. Soluble in boiling 
 0H s Rr b 4 - HBr $}o 1 ether - (St. Evre.) 
 
 BROMoSpiROYLOUS ACID. Vid. BromoSa- 
 licylous Acid. 
 
 BROMOSTEARONE. Insoluble, or sparingly sol- 
 C 70 HS, Br 2 2 uble, in cold alcohol. Soluble in 
 ether. (Rowney, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 
 100.) 
 
 BROMOSTRYCHNINE. Soluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 N 2 J C 42 H 21 Br 4 " rent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 
 
 BBOMOSTYROL. Vid. Bromide of Cinnamene. 
 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALIC ACID. Soluble 
 (BromoNapfithyldithionic Acid. in boiling alcohol. 
 Sulphite of BromoNaphtoyl.) 
 C 20 H 7 Br S 2 6 
 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C 20 H 6 Br Ba S 2 6 Difficultly soluble in cold water. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF COBALT. 
 
 Appears to be soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF LlME. Ppt. 
 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 MANGANESE. 
 NICKEL. 
 Apparently soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 C 20 H 6 Br K S 2 O e Difficultly soluble in cold water. 
 
 Tolerably easily soluble in boil- 
 
 ing water, and alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF SILVER. 
 
 " " ZINC. 
 
 Apparently soluble in water. 
 
 -BzBROMoSuLPHoNAPHTHALic ACID. Easily 
 C 20 H 6 Br 2 S 2 O g soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 JStBROMOSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C 20 H 5 Br 2 Ba S 2 6 Soluble in hot water, from which 
 it is deposited on cooling. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 JSl'BROMOSuLPHoNAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 Cjo H 6 Br 2 K S 2 8 Soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 in cold water, and alcohol. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 BROMOTELLURATE OF POTASSIUM. Perma- 
 
 (BiBromide of Tellurium with, nent. When treated 
 
 Bromide of Potassium.) with a large quantity 
 
 of water, or with alco- 
 
 hol, it is decomposed. (Berzelius.) 
 
 BROMOTEREBENE. 
 C 20 H 4 Br 12 
 
 BtBROMoTniONESSAL. Insoluble in alcohol, 
 C 62 H 14 Br 4 S 2 = g*> ^ ^t S 2 ether . or naphtha. 
 
 ACID. Soluble in ether. 
 
 (Thymolquintibrome.) (Lallemand.) 
 
 Cjo H 9 Br B 2 = C 20 H a Br 5 0, H 
 
 JerBROMoToLuiDiN. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 BROMOTRICONIC ACID. There are two modi- 
 
 (BiBromoButyric Acid.) fications of this 
 
 C 8 H e Br 2 4 = C 8 H 3 Br 2 O s , H acid : one ( a ) oily, 
 the other (p) crys- 
 talline. 
 
 a The oily acid (BromoTriconic Acid, prop- 
 erly so called) is but sparingly soluble in water. 
 It is miscible in all proportions with alcohol, 
 and ether. It is soluble in monohydrated sulphu- 
 ric acid at a gentle heat, from which solution 
 water precipitates it. 
 
 ft The crystalline acid (WBromoButyric Acid) 
 dissolves tolerably easily in water, especially at 
 the temperature of boiling. It is readily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 19. 496.) 
 
 BROMOTRICONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 a) oily modif. Very easily soluble in water, and 
 C 8 H s Br 2 (N H 4 ) 0, C 8 H 6 Br 2 4 alcohol. 
 (?) cryst. modif. Soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOTRICONATE OF ETHYL. Sparingly sol- 
 C 8 II 5 Br 2 (C 4 H 5 ) O 4 uble in water. Soluble in all 
 proportions in alcohol. (Ca- 
 hours, loc. cit., p. 499.) 
 
 BROMOTRICONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) cryst. modif. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 BROMOTRICONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) cryst. modif. Soluble in water. 
 
88 
 
 BUTYRAL. 
 
 BROMOTRICONATE OF SILVER. 
 I.) cryst. modif. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 II.) oily modif. Slightly soluble in cold water. 
 C 8 H 5 Br 2 Ag 4 
 
 BROMOTRICONATE OF SODA. 
 I) cryst. modif. Soluble in water. 
 
 C 20 H lt Br 4 
 
 JS/BROMOVERATROL. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 C, n H a Br 0, sily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (W.Merck.) 
 
 BROMOXAFORM. Insoluble either in hot or in 
 C 6 H Br 5 4 cold water. Readily soluble in hot 
 alcohol, especially if it be also concen- 
 trated ; much less soluble in cold alcohol. Solu- 
 ble in ether, and wood-spirit. Sparingly soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid when' this is gently 
 warmed, but at the temperature of ebullition de- 
 composition ensues. Insoluble in cold moderately 
 concentrated nitric acid, but is sparingly soluble 
 without decomposition in the same acid when 
 boiling. Soluble in a cold concentrated solution 
 of potash, being decomposed when this is heated. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 490.) 
 
 BRUCIN. Somewhat efflorescent. Soluble in 
 (Vomicin. Caniramin.) 850 pts. 
 
 C K HJO N 2 8 + 8 Aq = N 2 | C H 26 8 " +8 Aq of cold, 
 
 and in 
 
 500 pts. of boiling water ( - ?) ; in 320 pts. 
 of cold, and in 150 pts. of boiling water (Du- 
 flos) ; in 768 pts. of water at 18.75 (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statfs Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 75). Very sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Bouchardat, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 9. 231.) More soluble than strychnine in 
 alcohol. Soluble in ammonia-water. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 410.) Very soluble at ordinary tem- 
 peratures in water saturated with carbonic acid. 
 (Langlois.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 14 
 pts. of it. (Schlimpert, Kopp $ Witts J. B. fur 
 1859, p. 405.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 
 56.79 pts. of it. (Michael Pettenkofer, Kopp $ 
 Will's J. B.fiir 1858, p. 363.) 100 pts. of olive- 
 oil dissolve 1.78 pts. of it. (M. Pettenkofer, loc. 
 cit.) Sparingly soluble in the essential oils. In- 
 soluble in ether and the fatty oils. (Gerhardt's TV.) 
 Most of the brucin salts are difficultly soluble in 
 cold water, or alcohol. They are generally freely 
 soluble in glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 232.) 
 
 BRUNOLIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 in alcohol and in alkaline lyes. Its salts are most- 
 ly insoluble. (Runge.) 
 
 BRUNOLATE OF LIME. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 BRUNOLATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 BRYONIN (from Bryonia alba). Soluble in wa- 
 C 00 H M 42 ter, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in con- 
 centrated sulphuric, nitric, and chlorhydric acids. 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in alkaline solu- 
 tions. 
 
 BRTONITIN. Soluble in water, and ether. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, of 95%, and ether. 
 rish's Pharm., p. 422.) 
 
 BRTORETIN. Soluble in ether. (Walz.) 
 
 ^42 HJI; 14 
 
 BUTALDID. Vtd. Hydride of Butyryl. 
 
 BUTTER. See FATS. 
 
 BUTYL. Completely insoluble in water. 
 (Valyl. Tetryl (of Ger- cible in all proportions with 
 hardt). Butylium.) a i co hol, and ether. (Kolbe, 
 
 (Par- 
 
 Mis- 
 
 C 8 H U! or 
 
 
 J. Ch. Soc., 2. 161.) 
 
 BUTYL ALCOHOL. ' Vid. Hydrate of Butyl. 
 BUTYLAMIN. Soluble in all proportions in 
 
 (Tetrylamin. Tetryl ammonia, water, alcohol, and 
 Butyliaque. Butyriaque. Bu- ether 
 tyramin. Nitride of Tetryl.) ler ' 
 
 
 
 , 
 Ann.Ch.etPhys.,(3.) 
 
 . H N-N 
 C 8 H n N N 
 
 BUTYLAMYL. 
 
 (Tetryl Amyl.) 
 
 p TT _ Cg H 9 
 
 H - 
 
 BUTYLATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl 
 and of Butyl. 
 
 BUTYLCAPROYL. 
 
 ( Tetryl Hexyl.) 
 
 4 *-$$} 
 
 BUTYLENE. Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 (Butyrene. Tetry- water. Much more soluble in 
 lene. DiTetryl.) a i co h l, and in oils, both fixed 
 and volatile. Olive-oil absorbs 
 about 6 times its own volume. (Faraday.) It is 
 dissolved by a solution of dichloride of copper in 
 chlorhydric acid, also, quickly, by monohydrated 
 sulphuric acid and by bromine, with combination. 
 Soluble in inflammable liquids generally. It is dis- 
 engaged from its solutions by ebullition. (Berthe- 
 lot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 70.) 
 
 BUTYLENE Cldore". Vid. ChloroButylene. 
 
 BUTYLGLYCOL. Vid. Hydrate of Butylene. 
 
 BUTYLIAQUE. Vid. Butylamin. 
 
 BUTYLIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Butyl. 
 
 BUTYLIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Butyl. 
 
 BUTYLIC MERCAPTAN. Vid. Sulphydrate of 
 Butyl. 
 
 BUTYLIC URBTHAN. Vid. Carbamate of Bu- 
 tyl. 
 
 BUTYLIUM. Vid. Butyl. 
 
 ACID. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Isomeric with Acetonic Acid. ) 
 C 8 H 8 O a = C 8 H 6 4 , 2 H 
 
 BUTYLLACTATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble 
 C 8 H 7 BaO 6 in water, and dilute alcohol. Insolu- 
 
 ble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 BUTYLLACTATE OP LIME. Very easily solu- 
 C 8 H 7 Ca 6 ble in water. Soluble in absolute 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 BUTYLLACTATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Solu- 
 C 8 H 7 Zn 6 -f 2 Aq ble in 1 60 pts. of water at 1 5. 
 Almost insoluble in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 BUTYLLEUCIN. Soluble in water ; less soluble 
 C 2 H 2 1 in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether _ Soluble, 
 with combination, in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 BUTYLSULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 (SulpkoSutylic Acid. Tetryl Sulphuric Acid.') 
 C g H 10 2 , S 2 6 
 
 BUTYLSULPHATE OF BARYTA. Very readily 
 C 8 H 9 Ba 2 , 2 S O s + 2 Aq soluble in water. 
 
 BUTYLSULPHATE OF LIME. Very soluble in 
 C 8 H 9 Ca 2 , 2 8 3 water. 
 
 BUTYLSULPHATE OF POTASH. Very soluble 
 
 C 8 H 9 K 2 , 2 S 3 in water. Tolerably readily sol- 
 
 uble in boiling, but only spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in cold alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 42. 162.) 
 
 BuiYLSoLPHYDRic ACID. Vid. Sulphydrate 
 of Butyl. 
 
 BUTYRAL. Vid. Hydride of Butyryl. 
 
BUTYEATES. 
 
 89 
 
 BUTYRAL chlore~. Vid. Hydride of ChloroBu- 
 tyryl. 
 
 BUTYRAI/AMMONIA. Vid. Butyrylide of Am- 
 monium. 
 
 BUTYRALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Butyryl. 
 
 BUTYRAMID. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Butyrylamid.) especially when this is 
 
 C 8 H N0 2 = N ||p H ? warm. Also soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Chancel.) 
 
 Butyramide mercurique. Vid. Mercur(t'c)Buty- 
 ramid. 
 
 BUTYRAMIN. Vid. Butylamin. 
 
 BUTYRANILID. Vid. PhenylButyramid. 
 
 BUTYRIC AciD(Anhydrous). It is slowly acid- 
 (Butyrate of Butyryl.) jfi e( j ) by absorbing water, 
 C 10 H 14 6 = 8 g 7 Q 2 ? 2 when exposed to the air. 
 Slowly miscible with wa- 
 ter. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 320.) 
 
 BUTYRIC ACID. Soluble in all proportions in 
 C 8 H 8 4 = C 8 H 7 3 , H water, alcohol, and wood- 
 spirit. Unacted upon by 
 
 cold concentrated Sulphuric acid, but is partially 
 decomposed when heated therewith. (Pelouze & 
 Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 445.) A mix- 
 ture composed of 2 pts. of the acid with 1 pt. of 
 waterisofl.00287sp.gr. (Chevreul.) Soluble 
 in all proportions in ether, and oils. Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in cold concentrated sul- 
 phuric, and nitric acids, but decomposes when 
 these solutions are boiled. All the butyrates are 
 soluble in water. 
 
 BUTYRATE OP ACETOSAMIN. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF ALLY!. Soluble in ether. (Ber- 
 CM HIS 4 = C g H 7 (C, H ) 4 thelot & De Luca.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Pelouze & Gelis, foe. cit.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF AMYL. Is not miscible with 
 CM "is 4 = C 8 H 7 (C 10 H n ) 4 water. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF ANILIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. ( Un verdorben . ) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. The 
 C 8 H 7 Ba 4 + 2 Aq, fci Aq salt with 4 Aq. is solu- 
 ble in 2.77 pts. of water 
 
 at 10. 100 pts. of water at 10 dissolve 36.07 pts. 
 of it. (Chevreul.) Alcohol dissolves it, appar- 
 ently with partial decomposition. (Chevreul. 
 [T.].) Soluble in 400 pts. of absolute alcohol 
 at 5. 
 
 Insoluble in cold absolute alcohol. (Berthelot.) 
 Very soluble in absolute alcohol. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 254.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF BARYTA & OF LIME. Soluble 
 in 3.8 pts. of water at 18. (Chevreul.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF CETYL. Somewhat soluble in 
 C 8 H 7 (C 32 HJS) 4 alcohol. Miscible in all pro- 
 portions with ether. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF CHOLESTERIN. Slightly solu- 
 
 c eo HSO 0* = C 8 H 7 (C C2 H 43 ) 4 ble in cold, somewhat 
 
 more easily soluble 
 
 in boiling alcohol. Kather easily soluble in ether. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). 
 Easily soluble in water, and spirit. (Leers, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pliarm., 82. 161.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF COPPER. Very sparingly sol- 
 C 8 H 7 Cu 4 + 2 Aq nble in cold, somewhat more 
 soluble in boiling water. (Pe- 
 louze & Gelis, foe. cit.) 
 
 12 
 
 BUTYRATE OF ETHYL. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 C 12 H^ 4 = C 8 H 7 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 water. Soluble in all 
 
 proportions in alcohol, 
 
 and wood-spirit. Very slowly decomposed even 
 by boiling alkaline solutions. (Pelouze & Gelis, 
 Loc. cit.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF ETHYLENE. Perfectly insoluble 
 
 (Butyrate of Glycol.) in water. Soluble 
 
 ^20 H 18 O 8 = C 4 H 4 ", 2 C 8 H 7 4 in all proportions in 
 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF GLYCERYL. 
 
 I. ) bibasic. Insoluble, or exceedingly sparingly 
 
 (MonoButyrin (artificial).) soluble, in wa- 
 
 ! 14 H 14 8 = H 5 3 , 2 H 0, C 8 H 7 3 ter. Soluble in 
 
 all proportions 
 
 in concentrated alcohol, and in ether, from which 
 water readily separates it. (Pelouze & Gelis, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 1O. 455.) It mixes with water 
 and in certain proportions forms a stable emulsion 
 therewith. When 1, 2, and 3 volumes of water 
 are successively added to 8 vols. of monobutyrin 
 the water dissolves and a limpid solution is formed ; 
 if 2 vols. more of water are now added, a slight 
 opalescence is produced ; 13 vols. more of water 
 (18 vols. in all) produce a permanent homoge- 
 neous emulsion. This emulsion persists when 
 more water, even so much as 220 pts., is added. 
 900 vols. of water render the liquid almost trans- 
 parent, still one cannot affirm that a true solution 
 has been produced. Monobutyrin is soluble in 
 ether. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. 
 262.) 
 
 II.) monobasic. Somewhat soluble in water. 
 C 22 H,,,, 10 = C 6 H 5 3 , H 0, 2 C 8 H 7 3 1 volume of di- 
 (DiButyrin.) butyrin mixed 
 
 with 1 vol. of 
 
 water forms a limpid mixture ; if another vol. of 
 water be added, the dibutyrin will be precipitated, 
 and this precipitation is hastened if 3 vols. more 
 water are added; but with from 150 <8> 200 vols. 
 water a transparent emulsion or solution is 
 formed. 
 
 Miscible with alcohol, and ether. The alco- 
 holic solution decomposes after a time when it is 
 exposed to the air. Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonate of soda. (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 III.) normal. Insoluble in water. Very easily 
 C 30 H 26 12 = C 8 H 6 3 ,3C 8 II 7 3 soluble in alcohol, 
 = C 24 H 21 (CH B '")0 12 and ether. Sparingly 
 
 ( TriLlutyrin.i 111- i. ,.i 
 
 soluble in cold dilute 
 
 alcohol. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et. Phys., (3.) 41. 
 267.) 
 
 Natural butyrin is extremely sparingly soluble 
 in water ; but is soluble in all proportions in boil- 
 ing alcohol of 0.822 sp. gr., and in ether, from 
 which water separates it. The warm alcoholic 
 solution remains clear on cooling, if it contains 
 120 pts. of butyrin to 100 pts. of alcohol, but when 
 the proportion of butyrin to alcohol is as 20 to 
 100 the solution becomes turbid on cooling. 
 (Chevreul.) 
 
 BUTYRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in much water. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in alcohol, and in spirit ; 
 C 8 H 7 PbO 4 less soluble in water. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 253.) 
 
 II.) basic. Difficultly soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 7 Pb0 4 , 2PbO 
 
 BUTYRATE OF LIME. Soluble in 5.69 pts. of 
 
 C 8 H 7 Ca 4 + a: Aq water at 15; much less soluble 
 
 in hot water. (Chsvreul.) 100 
 
 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 17.58 pts. of it; 
 
90 
 
 CACODYLIC ACID. 
 
 when this solution is heated, the salt separates out 
 so abundantly that the liquid becomes solid, but 
 it again dissolves as the temperature falls to 15.5. 
 (Chevreul, IT.].) 
 
 Tolerably abundantly soluble in cold water : 
 this solubility decreases gradually as the tempera- 
 ture of the solution is elevated, till at the point 
 of ebullition almost all the salt separates out. 
 (Pelouze & Gelis, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 10. 451.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF MAGNESIA. Very soluble in 
 C 8 H 7 Mg 4 + 6 Aq water. (Pelouze & Gelis, loc. cit. ) 
 
 BUTYRATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF METHYL. Scarcely at all solu- 
 
 c w H io 4 = C 8 H 7 (C 2 H 3 ) O 4 hie in water. Soluble 
 
 in all proportions in 
 
 alcohol, ether, and wood-spirit. (Pelouze & Gelis, 
 loc. cit., p. 454.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF PICOLIN. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF POTASH. Very deliquescent. 
 
 C 8 H 7 K0 4 Soluble in 0.8 pt. of water at 15.5. 
 
 (Chevreul.) Much less deliquescent 
 
 than acetate of potash. (Pelouze & Gelis, loc. cit.) 
 
 BUTYRATE or PROPYL. Decomposed by boil- 
 C M HU 4 = c H ' < C 6 H T) 4 ing potash lye. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 8 H 7 Ag0 4 ble in water, though more soluble in 
 hot than in cold water. (Pelouze & 
 Gelis, loc. cit.) Very sparingly soluble in water; 
 less soluble in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys.,. (3.) 11. 254.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF SODA. Less deliquescent than 
 C 8 H 7 Na0 4 the potash salt. Soluble in water. 
 (Chevreul.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF STIBMETHYLETHYLIUM. Per- 
 n TI fav. f C 2 H i \n manent. Soluble in water. 
 t8 M i (C 4 *&r* ( Fried hender.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 3 pts. 
 C 8 II 7 Sr 4 of water at 4. (Chevreul.) 
 
 BUTYRATE OF TREHALOSE. Difficultly solu- 
 C 16 H 14 (C 12 H 8 6 ") 8 ble in water. Soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 BUTYRATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, decom- 
 C 8 H 7 Zn0 4 posed by boiling water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Larocque & Hu- 
 rault.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Larocque.) 
 
 BUTYRENE. Vid. Butylene. 
 
 BUTYRENE chlore". Vid. ChloroButylene. 
 
 BUTYRIAQUE. Vid. Butylamin. 
 
 BUTYRIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Bu- 
 tyryl. 
 
 BUTYRIC ETHER. Vid. Bntyrate of Ethyl. 
 
 BUTYRIN. Vid. Butyrate of Glyceryl. 
 
 BUTYRIDIN. Vid. Butyrate of Glyceryl, II.) 
 
 BuTYRoAcETic ACID. Was at one time 
 
 (PseudoAcetic Add.) thought to be identical 
 
 C 8 H 6 4 = C 6 H fi 3 , H with propionic acid, but 
 
 the experiments of Lim- 
 
 pricht & v. Uslar (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 321) 
 appear to disprove this and to establish its indi- 
 viduality. 
 
 It is soluble in all proportions in water. 
 
 BUTYROACETATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble, 
 
 C 6 H 5 Ba 4 _j_ Aq especially in hot water. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in. absolute 
 
 alcohol. Tolerably soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 
 cold spirit. (Nickles.) 
 
 BUTYRO ACETATE OF COPPER. Very sparingly 
 
 Soluble 
 
 soluble in water, more soluble in water acidulated 
 with acetic acid. Very soluble in alcohol. (Nickles.) 
 
 BUTYROACETATE OF ETHYLENE. Insoluble 
 (Butyro Acetate of Glycol. Gly- in water. Solu- 
 
 UP TT /ri TJ n\ f\ b'e in alcohol. 
 
 ., H u s = ^12 "10 1^4 "4 i U 8 (Simo'son ) 
 
 BUTYROACETATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent in moist air. 
 in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Efflorescent. Melts at 19 in its 
 water of crystallization. Easily soluble in spirit. 
 
 BUTYROACETATE OF LIME. Efflorescent. Ea- 
 C H 6 Ca 4 sily soluble in hot water. 
 
 BUTYRO ACETATE OF POTASH. Very deliques- 
 cent. Exceedingly soluble in water. Easily sol- 
 uble in abs.olute alcohol, and in a mixture of 
 alcohol and ether. 
 
 BUTYROACETATE OF SlLVER. Somewhat SOl- 
 
 C 6 H 5 Ag0 4 uble, with partial decomposition, in hot 
 
 water. 
 
 BUTYROACETATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. 
 Very soluble in water, and alcohol ; less soluble in 
 a mixture of alcohol and ether. (Limpricht & 
 v. Uslar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 330.) 
 
 BUTYROACETATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water, 
 the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. 
 
 BuTYRoCnLORHYDRiN. Insoluble in water. 
 C u II ls C10 fi (Berthelot, Ann. CK. et Phys., (3.) 
 41.303.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. 
 C 14 H 12 C1 2 4 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 41. 303.) 
 
 " BUTYROLEIC ACID." Was a mixture. 
 BUTYRONE. Almost entirely insoluble in wa- 
 r w n _ c s H T I o ter- Soluble in all propor- 
 14 w * ~ C 8 H 7 $ u * tions in alcohol. (Chancel, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 148.) 
 
 " BuTYRoNiTRic ACID." Vid. NitroPropionic 
 Acid. 
 
 BUTYRONITRIL. Vid. Cyanide of Propyl. 
 BUTYROSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. SulphoButy- 
 ric Acid. 
 BUTYRYL. Not isolated. 
 
 C 8 H 7 O 2 
 
 BUTYRILIDE OF AMMONIUM. Almost insolu- 
 (Butyralammonia..) ble in water, or ammonia-water. 
 -}- 10 Aq Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Guckelberger.) 
 BUTYRYLUREA. Soluble in water, and spirit. 
 (CarbonylButyrylbiamid.) (Moldenhauer, Ann. 
 
 C TT N O -N 5c a &"o CL ' PI*-, 94. 
 
 C 10 H 10 N 2 4 - JN 2 ^ C 8 1 7 U 2 1Q1 j 
 
 BUXIN (from Buxus sempervirens) . Difficultly 
 soluble in cold water ; more easily soluble in hot 
 water, and in alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. 
 Insoluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 C. 
 
 CACHOUTANNIC ACID. Vid. MimoTannic 
 Acid. 
 
 CACODYL. Sparingly soluble in water. Very 
 (Kakodyl. ArsenbiMethyl.-) soluble in alcohol, and 
 (C 2 H3)jAs ether. Miscible with 
 
 chloride of ethyl. 
 
 CACODYLIC ACID. Permanent in dry air ; de- 
 
 (Alkargen.) liquesces in moist 
 
 C 4 H 7 As 4 = (C 2 H 3 ) 2 As 3 , HO a ir. Miscible with 
 
 water. Easily sol- 
 
 O 2 
 
CAFFEIN. 
 
 uhle in dilute, less readily soluble in cold concen- 
 trated alcohol. Insoluble in anhydrous, but is 
 sparingly soluble in ordinary aqueous ether. (Bun- 
 sen.) 
 
 Its metallic salts are soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CACODYLATB OF />erBROMiDE OP CACODYL. 
 
 ( Basic Perbromide of Cacodyl. Deliquescent. De- 
 Bromkydrate qfCacodylic Acid.) comnosed hv wa- 
 C 4 Hg As Br 3 , 3 C 4 II 6 As 3 + 12 Aq m P OS 
 ttJr* 
 
 CACODYLATE OF &CHLORIDE OF CACODYL. 
 3 C 4 H a As C1 2 , 2 C 4 H 6 As 3 Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Bun- 
 sen.) 
 
 According to Bseyer (Ann. Ch. u. Pkarm., 1O7. 
 279) this body consists of a mixture of bichloride 
 of arsenmethyl and oxide of cacodyl. 
 
 CACODYLATE OF perCiiLORiDE OF CACODYL. 
 
 (Baric PercUoride of Cacodyl. Deliquescent. De- 
 Clorhydrate of Cacodylic Acid. ) eomnosed bv water 
 C 4 H 6 AsCl 3) 2C 4 HeAsO s -|-6Aq C 
 
 CACODYLATE OF CACODYL. Easily soluble in 
 
 (Hydrarsin. Binoxide of Cacodyl.) water ; 
 
 CgHu As 2 4 = (C 2 H 3 ) 2 AsO,(C 2 H 3 ) 2 As03 but is 
 
 decom- 
 posed by much water. 
 
 CACODYLATE OF COPPER. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 CACODYLATE OF COPPER with /wofoCnLORiDE 
 7CuCl;2(CuO,2C 4 H 6 As0 3 ) OF COPPER. Easily 
 soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. (Bunsen.) 
 
 CACODYLATE OF CHLORIDE OF MERCURY. 
 2 Hg Cl, C 4 H As 3 + Aq Abundantly soluble in wa- 
 ter. Difficultly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Bunsen.) 
 
 CACODYLATE OF perFLUORiDE OF CACODYL. 
 
 (Basic Perfluoride of Cacodyl. Deliquescent. Read- 
 Fluorhydrate of Cacodylic Acid.) :i so l a K1 e m water 
 2C 4 HgA S F, 3 ,C 4 II 6 As0 3 + 3Aq ^*j **' 
 
 sen.) 
 
 CACODYLATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CACODYLATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Par- 
 tially soluble in water, and alcohol, a basic salt 
 separating out. 
 
 CACODYLATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CACODYLATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very readily soluble 
 C 4 HgAgAs0 4 in water. Easily soluble in hot 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 8 Ag As 4 ; 2 C 4 H T As 4 
 
 CACODYLATE OF SILTER with NITRATE OF 
 C 4 Hg Ag As 4 ; Ag 0, N O 5 SILVER. Easily soluble 
 in water. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 CACODYLATE OF SODA. Less deliquescent 
 than the potash salt. Soluble in water and alco- 
 hol. 
 
 CACOTHELIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 C 40 H 22 (N 4 ) 2 N 2 10 soluble in alcohol. Easily sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water, but is 
 decomposed when the solution is boiled. Easily 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 22. 465.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 boiling water, and still less soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether. Soluble in water 
 strongly acidulated with nitric acid, and in acids 
 generally, with combination. Easily soluble in 
 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, ammonia, or 
 baryta. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 89.) 
 
 CACOTHELIN with BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C 40 H 22 (N0 4 ) 2 N a 10) BaO Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Strecker.) 
 
 CACOTHELIN with LEAD. Ppt. 
 CACOTHELIN with SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 CADMIUM. Permanent in dry air, but becomes 
 Cd slightly tarnished in a moist atmosphere. 
 
 Decomposes water at 100. (Regnault.) Sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid, when this is not too dilute, 
 especially on heating. Dilute sulphuric and other 
 acids, even acetic acid, dissolve it slowly. Very 
 easily soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 CADMIUMETHYL. Decomposed by water. 
 C 4 H 5 Cd (Wanklyn.) Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in iodide of ethyl. (Sonnenschein.) 
 
 CAFFEIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, easily 
 
 (Cafein. Thein. Guaranin.) soluble in hot water. 
 
 CM HIO N 4 4) & + 2 Aq Soluble in 35 < 40 
 
 pts. of cold water (Ou- 
 
 dry) ; in 48 pts. of water at 21 (Zenneck) ; in 50 
 pts. of water (Pfaff) ; in 100 pts. at 15. (Gunther.) 
 
 1 pt. of crystallized caffein is soluble in 93 pts. 
 of water at 12.5; when dried at 120, 1 pt. of it is 
 soluble in 98 pts. of water at 12.5; quickly solu- 
 ble in boiling water. (Mulder, Pogg. Ann., 1838, 
 43. 174.) Soluble in 20 pts. of alcohol at 21 
 (Zenneck) ; in 25 pts. of alcohol, of 85%, at 20. 
 (Giinther.) Crystallized caffein dissolves in 158 
 pts. of anhydrous alcohol at 12.5; when it has 
 been dried at 120 it dissolves in 97 pts. of the 
 same alcohol ; quickly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 (Mulder, Pogg. Ann., 43. 174.) Insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Pfaff.) Easily soluble in hot 
 alcohol. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in ether. (Robiquet, 
 Martius, Herzog.) Insoluble in ether. (Pfaff.) 
 Readily soluble in hot ether. (Jobst.) Soluble 
 in 300 pts. of ether ; being very sparingly soluble 
 therein, and much less soluble than it is in alco- 
 hol, and water. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 11. pp. 137, 138.) 1 pt. of crystallized caffein is 
 soluble in 298 pts. of ether at 12.5 ; after having 
 been dried at 120, 1 pt. of caffein dissolves in 194 
 pts. of ether at 12.5; it is quickly soluble in hot 
 ether. (Mulder, Pogg. Ann., 43. 174.) 
 
 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 11 pts. of it. 
 (Schlimpert, KoppSf Will's J. B.fur 1859, p. 405.) 
 Soluble in volatile oils, but insoluble in fatty oils. 
 (Herzog.) Very easily soluble in oil of rosemary. 
 (Gunther.) Soluble in oil of almonds. 
 
 Insoluble in oil of turpentine. (Pfaff.) Read- 
 ily soluble in benzin. (Vogel.) Soluble in acids, 
 with combination. 
 
 Easily soluble in nitric acid, without decompo- 
 sition, even by the concentrated acid. Easily sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid, from which a portion of 
 it is precipitated, unchanged, by water and by alco- 
 hol. Rapidly soluble in dilute sulphuric acid, 
 without decomposition. (Pfaff.) Easily soluble 
 in acetic acid ; slowly soluble in oxalic and in 
 tartaric acid, crystallizing unchanged from these 
 last. (Mulder.) It crystallizes unchanged from 
 its solution in dilute perchloric acid. (Bcedecker.) 
 More easily soluble in aqueous solutions of potash, 
 and ammonia, than in water. (Pfaff.) 
 
 CAFFEIN with CHLORIDE OF MERCURY. Ea- 
 C 16 H 10 N 4 4 ; 2HgCl sily soluble in water, alcohol, 
 chlorhydric acid, and oxalic 
 acid. Almost insoluble in ether. (Nicholson.) 
 
 CAFFEIN with CYANIDE OF MERCURY. Diffi- 
 
92 
 
 CAMPHOLIC ACID. 
 
 C 10 H 10 N 4 4 ; 2HgCy cultly soluble in cold water, 
 and in alcohol. (Kohl & 
 Swoboda.) 
 
 CAFFEIN with NITRATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 C 16 H 10 N 4 4 ; AgO, N 6 soluble in cold water. More 
 soluble in boiling water 
 and in alcohol. (Nicholson.) 
 
 CAFFEIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in boiling water. (Peligot, 
 loc. cit ) 
 
 CAFFEOTANNIC ACID. Readily soluble in 
 ( Caffeic Acid. CUo- water ; less soluble in alcohol. 
 rogiaic Acid.) Soluble in concentrated sulphu- 
 
 C 7 o H s834 ric acid. Soluble in aqueous 
 
 solutions of potash and soda, with subsequent de- 
 composition. 
 
 Very soluble in water. Soluble in absolute 
 alcohol; still more soluble in spirit. (Payen, 
 Ann. C/i. et Phys., (3.) 26. 114.) 
 
 CAFFEOTANNATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 CAFFEOTANNATE OF CAFFEIN. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CAFFEOTANNATE OF CAFFEIN & OF POTASH. 
 Easily soluble in water. Scarcely soluble even in 
 hot absolute alcohol. Tolerably soluble in dilute 
 alcohol ; its solubility increasing in proportion to 
 the amount of water present. (Payen, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 26. 112.) 
 
 CAFFEOTANNATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in a solution of caustic potash. 
 (Payen, loc. cit.) 
 
 CAFFEOTANNATE OF LIME. 
 
 CAFFEOTANNATE of POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 CAHINCIC ACID. Vid. Caincic Acid. 
 
 CAINCIC ACID. Permanent. More than 600 
 
 (Cainca bitter.) pts. of water are re- 
 
 C 33 H 26 14 C 32 Hj4 0, a , 2 H quired in order to 
 
 dissolve one pt. of it. 
 
 Abundantly soluble in alcohol, especially when 
 this is warm. Ether dissolves about as much as 
 water. Soluble, with decomposition, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in dilute nitric or chlorhy- 
 dric acids. Soluble without alteration in cold 
 glacial acetic acid, but the solution undergoes de- 
 composition when boiled or when left to itself. 
 (Fran9ois, Caventou, & Pelletier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1830, (2.) 44. 292.) Readily soluble, with com- 
 bination, in aqueous solutions of ammonia, potash, 
 and baryta, but the compounds thus obtained do 
 not crystallize. All of its salts are soluble in 
 alcohol, and most of them in water also. (F., C., 
 & P., loc. cit., pp. 293, 294.) 
 
 CAINCATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Ppt., in spirit. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in boiling water. (F., C., 
 & P., loc. cit., p. 295.) 
 
 CAINCATE or LIME. 
 
 I.) normal? Soluble in water. (F., C., & P., 
 loc. cit., p. 293.) 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt, in water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol. (Ibid.) 
 
 III.) acid. Soluble in water, and spirit, less 
 soluble in strong alcohol. 
 
 CAJPUTENE. Permanent. Insoluble in alco- 
 C 2I) II 18 hoi. Soluble in ether, and oil of turpen- 
 tine. (Max. Schmidl.) 
 
 CALCIUM. Slowly oxidized in dry, quickly 
 
 Ca oxidized in moist air. Decomposes water 
 with violence and evolution of much heat, 
 and dilute acids still more violently. 
 
 Most of the compounds of calcium are soluble 
 in chlorhydric, and nitric acids. 
 
 CALCIUM AMALGAM. Decomposed by water. 
 
 CALENDULIN (from Calendula officinalis). Al- 
 most insoluble in cold, sparingly soluble in boiling 
 water. Easily soluble in alcoh'ol, acetic acid, and 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. Insolu- 
 ble in ether, the fatty or essential oils, and most 
 dilute acids. 
 
 CALLUTANNIC ACID (from Calluna vulgaris). 
 C 28 H M 18 = C 28 H 12 10) 2 H Hygroscopic. Solu- 
 ble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. Decomposed by the mineral acids. 
 (Rochleder.) 
 
 CALLUTANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 CALLUXANTHIN. Soluble in hot, but almost en- 
 C 28 H 10 W tirely insoluble in cold water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Rochleder.) 
 
 CALOMEL. Vid. rft'Chloride of Mercury. 
 
 CAMPHIC ACID. More or less soluble in wa- 
 C 20 Hi 6 4 ter. (Berthelot.) Readily soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 CAMPHATE OF COPPER (Cu O). 1 Sparingly 
 " IRON(FC O). i soluble in 
 
 " lRON(Fe2Os). f water. Sol- 
 
 " LEAD. J uble in ace- 
 
 tic acid. (Berthelot.) 
 
 CAMPHATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Easily 
 soluble in pure water, and alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in a concentrated aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Berthelot.) 
 
 CAMPHATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Soluble in acetic acid. 
 
 CAMPHATE OP SODA. Deliquescent. Easily 
 soluble in pure water, and in alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in a concentrated aqueous solution of 
 caustic soda. 
 
 CAMPHATE OF ZINC. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Soluble in acetic acid. 
 
 " CAMPHENE "(of Deville). Vid. Oil [essen- 
 tial] of Turpentine. 
 
 " CAMPHENE "(of Dumas). Vid. Camphilene. 
 
 CAMPHENE(of Berthelot). 
 C 20 H 16 
 
 CAMPHiLENE(of Deville). Soluble in alcohol, 
 (Dadyl of Blanchet fy Sell), ether, and bisulphide 
 Camphene(of Dumas). Tere- of car b on . Insoluble 
 
 CSO'HW" " permann.) It is not 
 
 dissolved or altered by 
 
 fuming nitric acid. (Oppermann.) Alcoholic 
 nitric acid converts it into a crystalline hydrate. 
 ( Gerhard t's Tr.) Fuming chlorhydric acid com- 
 bines with it. With iodhydric acid it forms a 
 liquid compound. (Deville.) Decomposed by 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 CAMPHIN. Insoluble in water, dilute spirit, 
 (Isomeric with, potash-lye, or dilute acids. Soluble 
 Campholene.) m stron g alcohol, in ether, oil of tur- 
 18 l6 pentine, and rock-oil. Insoluble in 
 
 strong chlorhydric acid. ( Glaus. ) 
 
 CAMPHO CREOSOTE. Vid. Carvacrol. 
 
 CAMPHOGENE. Vid. Cymene. 
 
 CAMPHOL. Vid. Borneol. 
 
 CAMPHOLIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Very 
 
CAMPHORS. 
 
 93 
 
 (Bonenie And.) abundantly soluble in 
 
 Chilis 4 = C 20 H 17 3 , HO alcohol, and ether. (De- 
 lalande, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1841, (3.) 1. 121.) 
 
 CAMPHOLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 (Delalande, loc. cit.) 
 
 CAMPHOLATE OF LIME. Soluble in water; 
 c 20 H, 7 Ca0 4 much more soluble in cold than in 
 hot water. (Delalande, loc. cit., p. 
 123.) 
 
 CAMPHOLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 (Delalande, loc. cit.) 
 
 CAMPHOLATE OF SILVER. Ppt. Insoluble in 
 C 20 H 17 Ag0 4 water. (Delalande, loc. cit.) 
 
 CAMPHOLENE. 
 
 (Isomeric with Camphin.") 
 CM H 16 
 
 CAMPHOLONE. 
 C 38 H M 2 
 
 CAMPHOMETHTLIC ACID. Vid. MethylCam- 
 phoric Acid. 
 
 CAMPHOR (from Laurus Camphora). Soluble 
 (Oxide of Camphene. Campholic in 1000 DtS. of wa- 
 AUlehyde. Isomeric with Co- tpp ^r>; P p \ Vleat 
 ryvphylin and Ursone.) te , r> i^ iese -] 
 
 C H 5 ) e( l with water in a 
 
 C M H 16 2 = f|j0 2 Papin's digester, it 
 
 dissolves more abun- 
 dantly, apparently without decomposition, without 
 separating out again on cooling. (Pfaff.) Its 
 solubility in water is increased by the presence of 
 the stronger acids, but not by carbonic acid. 
 (Giese, Brandes.) By the aid of magnesia it dis- 
 solves in 150 pts. of cold water. (M., R., & P.) 
 From an intimate mixture of camphor with car- 
 bonate of lime or carbonate of magnesia, water is 
 said to take up three times as much camphor as it 
 dissolves when shaken with camphor alone. (Gm., 
 14.346.) But camphor is insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies, and does not 
 combine with the other metallic oxides. 
 
 Soluble in 0.8333 pt. of alcohol, of 0.806 sp. gr., 
 at 12 (Saussure) ; or 100 pts. of this alcohol dis- 
 solve 120 pts. of it. Much more soluble in hot 
 than in cold alcohol. Water precipitates it from 
 the alcoholic solution. Soluble in much less than 
 its own weight of wood-spirit. (Gmelin.) Abun- 
 dantly soluble in acetone. (Trommsdorff.) Sol- 
 uble in 0.3333 pt. of chloroform. (Smith.) Abun- 
 dantly soluble in ether, and the compound ethers. 
 Soluble in fusel-oil (hydrate of amyl). Readily 
 soluble in lignone. Largely soluble in benzin. 
 (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 261.) Soluble in bisul- 
 phide of carbon, and the solution thus obtained is 
 miscible with alcohol, but not with water, although 
 it is not precipitated by water. (Lampadius.) 
 Soluble in oil of ocotea (Hancock); in creosote 
 (Reiclienbach) ; in anilin, and in leucol (quinolein). 
 (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 143, 169.) 
 Readily soluble in the volatile oils, crystallizing 
 put from hot solutions as they cool. Also soluble 
 in the fixed oils, and fats, and in some resins. 
 
 Only sparingly soluble in vinegar, but dissolves 
 in 0.0833 pt. of concentrated acetic acid. (Pfaff.) 
 When camphor dissolves in moderately strong 
 acetic acid, the solution is effected only by the 
 more concentrated portion of the acid, and a wa- 
 tery liquid separates containing a little acetic acid 
 and a trace of camphor. (Vauquelin.) Slowly, 
 but abundantly, soluble in cold valerianic acid ; 
 this solution may be distilled without decompo- 
 sition, but deposits camphor when mixed with 30 
 pts. of water. (Trommsdorff.) Soluble in 2.6 
 pts. of concentrated chlorhydric acid, and is pre- 
 
 cipitated therefrom on the addition of water. 
 (Wenzel.) Soluble in 0.1667 pt. of cold fuming 
 nitric acid. (Wenzel.) Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated nitric acid, from which a portion of it is 
 precipitated on the addition of water. Decom- 
 posed by prolonged boiling with nitric acid. Abun- 
 dantly soluble, without decomposition, in bromine. 
 (Glaus.) Soluble in 0.36 pt. of cold, and in a 
 smaller quantity of warm concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Wenzel.) Soluble in 4 pts. of concentrated 
 sulphuric acid at 1 00 ; from this solution, when 
 recently prepared, water precipitates camphor, but 
 on continuing to heat it, at 100, during 12 < 13 
 hours, the camphor is decomposed. (Chautard.) 
 
 For the solubility of the indefinite compounds 
 of camphor with sulphurous, hyponitric, and chlor- 
 hydric acids, see Bineau's paper in Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 24. 326. 
 
 CAMPHORS. Most " Camphors " are sparingly 
 (Stearoptenes. Solid essential oils.') soluble, or insol- 
 
 uble, in water. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. Many of them are 
 soluble in acetone and in concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 ALTXIA-CAMPHOR (from Alyxia Reinwardii). 
 Very sparingly soluble in cold, more easily sol- 
 uble in warm water, and does not separate out 
 again as the solution cools. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, of 0.85 sp. gr., ether, oil of turpentine, 
 and acetic acid. Also readily soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic and carbonated potash, in 
 ammonia-water, &c., without neutralizing them. 
 Insoluble in nitric acid of 1.2 sp. gr. (Nees v. 
 Esenbeck.) 
 
 AMBER-CAMPHOR. 
 ^20 HIS 2 
 
 CAMPHOR OF Buphthalmum maritimum. Soluble 
 in alcohol ; the solution becomes turbid when 
 mixed with water. (Landerer.) 
 
 CASSIA CAMPHOR. Soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Stearoptene of Oil of Cassia. Soluble in concentrat- 
 bnproperly Benzhydrol.) ed su l phuric acid) from 
 
 which it is precipitated 
 
 on the addition of water. (Rochleder & Schwarz.) 
 CAMPHOR OF CDBEBS. Insoluble in water. 
 
 r H n _ c so H & ? n Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 CHOb- O, 
 
 oils. (Blanchet & Sell.) 
 
 CAMPHOR OF 7m florentia. Insoluble in water. 
 G i8 H i60 4 (Dumas.) Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 JASMINE CAMPHOR. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter. Tolerably readily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and the fixed and volatile oils. Insoluble in 
 acetic acid, and but partially soluble in concen- 
 trated chlorhydric or sulphuric acids. (Herberger.) 
 
 JUNIPER CAMPHOR. With 200 pts. of cold 
 water it forms an incomplete solution, which be- 
 comes clear when heated, and remains clear on 
 cooling. From the solution in hot alcohol, of 0.83 
 sp. gr., it crystallizes on cooling. More readily 
 soluble in ether than in alcohol. More readily 
 soluble in acetic acid than in water. Only slightly 
 soluble in ammonia-water. (Zaubzer.) 
 
 LEDUM CAMPHOR (from Ledum palustre). Near- 
 CBOH^OB ly insoluble in water. (Grassmann, 
 Buchner.) Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Sparingly soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 still less soluble in acetic acid. Insoluble in 
 ammonia-water. (Buchner.) 
 
 LEMON-CAMPHOR. Insoluble in cold, abun- 
 dantly soluble in boiling water. The solution 
 solidifies on cooling. (Boissenot.) Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid, the solution becoming turbid 
 
94 
 
 CAMPHORIC ACID. 
 
 when heated above 100, but clear again on cool- 
 ing. (Boissenot.) Soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 acetic acid. Insoluble in pure oil of lemon, but 
 soluble in this oil when it contains acetic acid. 
 (Boissenot.) 
 
 MARJORAM-CAMPHOR (from Origanum marjo- 
 rana). Soluble in boiling water. (Guenther, 
 Mulder.) Soluble in alcohol, and ether (Mulder) ; 
 in 10 pts. of alcohol forming a solution which is 
 not rendered turbid by water ; in 10 pts. of oil of 
 turpentine; in 10 pts. of boiling oil of almonds, 
 from which it crystallizes out on cooling, after a 
 while. (Guenther.) Soluble in 10 pts. of con- 
 centrated nitric acid. (Guenther.) 
 
 MASSOY-CAMPHOR. Soluble in hot alcohol 
 and in ether. (Bonastre.) 
 
 NEROLI-CAMPHOR (from the flowers of Citrus 
 aurantium). Insoluble in water. (Plisson, Boul- 
 lay.) Sparingly soluble in cold, readily soluble 
 in hot alcohol (Boullay, Landefer) ; in 60 pts. of 
 alcohol of 0.9 sp. gr., separating out on cooling. 
 Abundantly soluble in ether, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water or alcohol. 
 (Boullay, Plisson.) Very easily soluble in hot 
 oil of turpentine, from which it separates com- 
 pletely as the solution cools. (Plisson.) Soluble 
 in hot acetic acid. (Landerer.) 
 
 NUTMEG-CAMPHOR. Soluble in 19 pts. of boil- 
 (Myristicin. Muscat-Camphor.'} ing, sparingly solu- 
 C 10 "H 18 5 , orC 20 H 20 ble in cold water. 
 
 (John.) Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether (John, Mulder), and in 
 warm fixed and volatile oils. (Bley.) Soluble in 
 cold nitric acid, and in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Mulder.) 
 
 PEPPERMINT-CAMPHOR (from Mentha piper ha). 
 (Menthene Camphor. Hy- Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 drated Oride of Menthene.) ^ the so l ut j on j n boil- 
 ing water becoming tur- 
 bid on cooling. (Gmelin.) Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether (Dumas, Walter), and in 
 volatile oils (Dumas) ; less easily in oil of tur- 
 pentine (Walter), in wood-spirit, and bisulphide 
 of carbon. (Walter.) 
 
 RASPBERRY-CAMPHOR. Soluble in water, al- 
 cohol, ether, and aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash and ammonia. (Bley.) 
 
 ROSE-CAMPHOR. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Solid Rose-oil.) water. (Herberger.) Sparingly 
 CM H 16 soluble in alcohol. Readily solu- 
 
 ble in ether. (Blanchet. ) Soluble 
 in 500 pts. of alcohol, of 0.85 sp. gr., at 14 
 (Saussure) ; in 490 pts. of alcohol, of 0.85 sp. gr., 
 at 15, more easily in absolute alcohol, the alco- 
 holic solution becomes cloudy when mixed with 
 water. (Herberger.) Soluble in volatile oils, 
 and acetic acid. (Herberger.) Very sparingly 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid; with difficulty in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash ; more easily 
 in ammonia-water. Also soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates. (Herberger.) 
 
 SAGE-CAMPHOR. Soluble in 450 pts. of cold, 
 and in 300 pts. of hot water. Soluble in 5 pts. of 
 alcohol of 0.82 sp. gr. ; in all proportions in ether; 
 easily in oil of turpentine ; less easily in rock-oil ; 
 easily in fixed oils ; without alteration in dilute 
 sulphuric acid. (Herberger.) 
 
 CAMPHORAMIC Aero. Tolerably soluble in 
 
 ( Camphorylaminic Acid.) warm, much 
 
 C 20 H 17 N0 6 = N j^<> H " <" . 0, H less soluble 
 
 in cold water. 
 
 More soluble in alcohol than in water. Its salts 
 are all soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 CAMPHORAMATE OP AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 Jjjo H J6 (N H 4 ) N0 6 + 2 Aq water. Somewhat soluble 
 in alcohol, but not readily 
 in absolute alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 CAMPHORAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. ' (Laurent, in his Chemical Method, p. 250.) 
 
 CAMPHORAMATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 , H 16 PbN0 6 (Laurent, in his Chemical Method, 
 p. 250.) Moderately easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, though less so than in water. 
 
 CAMPHORAMATE OF SILVER. Soluble in wa- 
 
 C 20 H 10 AgN0 8 ter. (Laurent, in his Chemical 
 
 Method, p. 250.) Soluble in hot 
 
 alcohol. May be washed with cold absolute 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 CAMPHORAMID. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 (Camphorylbiamid.) jn alcohol. (Lau- 
 
 Cjo H 18 N 2 4 = N 2 1 jg H " *" rent. ) 
 
 CAMPHORANIL. Vid. PhenylCamphorimid. 
 
 CAMPHORANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylCam- 
 phoric Acid. 
 
 CAMPHORIC AciD(Anhydrous). Very spar- 
 (Oxide of Camph&se. ingly soluble in cold, some- 
 Camphoric Anhydride.) what more so l u bl e in boiling 
 water. Readily soluble in 
 boiling alcohol ; still more soluble in ether. Very 
 slowly acidified by boiling with water. (Mala- 
 guti.) Less easily soluble in alcohol than cam- 
 phoric acid. (Laurent.) Very sparingly soluble 
 in water. Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which water precipitates it. It com- 
 bines with hot sulphuric acid. (Walter, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 9. 179.) 
 
 CAMPHORIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 20 H 18 8 = C 20 H U 6 ,2HO more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Readily 
 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, and the essential and 
 fatty oils. 
 
 Soluble in 88.87 pts. of water at 12.5 
 
 70.03 
 61.50 
 40.66 
 23.40 
 17.18 
 8.90 
 8.61 
 Or, 100 pts. of water at C 
 
 12.5 
 
 25 
 
 37.5 
 
 50 
 
 62.5 
 
 82.5 
 
 90 
 
 96.25* . 
 
 Or, the aqueous solution 
 saturated at C 
 12.5 
 25 
 37.5 
 50 
 62.5 
 82.5 
 90 
 96.25* 
 
 25 
 
 37.5 
 
 50 
 
 62.5 
 
 82.5 
 
 90 
 
 96.25* 
 
 Dissolve pts. of it. 
 
 1.130 
 
 1.457 
 
 1.626 
 
 2.459 
 
 4.290 
 
 5.290 
 
 10.130 
 
 12.000 
 
 Contains per cent 
 
 of it. 
 
 0.88 
 
 1 .4346 
 
 1.60 
 
 2.40 
 
 4.10 
 
 5.50 
 10.09 
 10.41 
 
 (R. Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. 
 
 Phys., 1823, 38. 276.) 
 
 Soluble in 200 pts. of cold water. (Kosegarten.) 
 In 400 pts. (Dosrffurt.) In 80 pts. (Bouillon- 
 
 * Boiling-point of the saturated aqueous solution. 
 (Brandes.) 
 
CAMPHORATES. 
 
 95 
 
 Lagrange.) In 12 pts. of boiling water (Kose- 
 garten) ; in 24 pts. (Dcerffurt) ; in 10 pts. 
 ( Bouillon-Lagrange ) . 
 
 100 pts of water at 15.5 dissolve 1.04 pts. of 
 it, and at 100, 8.30 pts. (Ure's Diet.) Soluble 
 in [somewhat less than] 100 pts. of water at 
 18.75, and in 10f@ll pts. of boiling water ; in 1.94 
 pts. of absolute alcohol at 18.75, and in 0.63 pt. 
 or less at the temperature of boiling. (Bucholz, 
 Gehlen's Journ. fur Ch. Phys. . Min., 1810, 9. 
 pp. 340 - 344, 355.) 
 
 Soluble 
 
 in 0.94*- 1.36 1 pts. of [absol.] alcohol at 8.75 
 0.89 .... 12.5 
 
 0.79 25 
 
 0.59 37.5 
 
 0.68 .... 62.5 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of [absolute] Dissolve 
 
 alcohol at C pts. of it. 
 
 8.75 . . . 106* -73t 
 
 12.5 111 
 
 25 115 
 
 37.5 161 
 
 62.5 . 121 
 
 Or, the alcoholic solution 
 saturated at C 
 
 8.75 
 12.5 
 25 
 37.5 
 62.5 
 
 Contains per cent 
 of it. 
 
 5142*-42.28t 
 52.68 ' 
 55.70 
 62.77 
 59.40 
 
 (R. Brandes, Schweigc/er's Journ. fiir Ch. u. 
 Phys., 1823, 38. 278.) 
 
 Soluble in 1.52 pts. of ether at 8.75; or, 100 
 pts. of ether at 8.75 dissolve 65 pts. of it ; or, 
 the ethereal solution saturated at 8.75 contains 
 39.66% of it. (Brandes, loc. cit., p. 279.) Soluble 
 in 3 pts. of ether at 8.3. 
 
 Only sparingly soluble in cold oil of turpentine, 
 but dissolves in the hot oil; on cooling the hot 
 solution a considerable quantity of the acid crys- 
 tallizes out, while a smaller quantity remains dis- 
 solved. (Brandes, loc. cit., p. 279.) Soluble, 
 without alteration, in concentrated sulphuric, and 
 nitric acids. 
 
 The camphorates of the alkalies and alkaline 
 earths are readily soluble in water, but most of the 
 others are difficultly soluble therein. 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF ALUMINA. Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in 200 pts. of cold, and in a smaller quantity 
 of hot water. Sparingly soluble in cold, easily 
 soluble in hot alcohol. (Bouillon.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 5 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE of AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 Cjo H 14 (N H 4 ) 2 8 water. (Malaguti.) According 
 to Brandes (Schweigger's Journ. 
 fiir Ch. u. Phys., 1823, 38. 288), the statement of 
 Bouillon-Lagrange, that this salt is soluble in 100 
 pts. of cold, and 3 pts. of boiling water, is un- 
 questionably erroneous, the salt being really very 
 much more readily soluble than this. When 
 heated, it first begins to melt in its water of crys- 
 tallization, and then gives off ammonia. Soluble 
 in absolute alcohol. (Brandes, loc. cit.) Easily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Bouillon.) 
 
 II.) add. Easily soluble in cold water. (Ma- 
 
 (" Four thirds basic.") laffUti \ 
 
 CzoHNH 
 
 * This solution was obtained by cooling down a hotter 
 solution, as were all the others, excepting only that marked 
 with a t, which was prepared by digestion, at the tempera- 
 ture indicated (8.76). 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 (Brandes, loc. cit., p. 298.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 1.79 
 C 20 H 14 Ba.j 8 -f- 7 Aq pts. of water at 18.75; or, 
 100 pts. of water at 18.75 
 dissolve 55.77 pts. of it ; or the aqueous solution 
 saturated at 18. 75 contains 35. 82% of it. (Brandes, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1823, 38. 
 294.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 0.16 pt. 
 of it. (Ure's Diet.) Soluble in 600 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. (Bouillon.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF WCHLORETHYL. Soluble in 
 C 28 H.JO C1 4 8 = G.JO H 14 (C 4 H 3 C1 2 ) 2 8 8 pts. of alco- 
 hol and in an 
 equal quantity of ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF COBALT. Appears to be 
 soluble in water. (Kemper.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF CoppER(CuO). Almost 
 C 20 H 14 Cu 2 8 insoluble in water. (Brandes, 
 Schweigger's Journ., 38. 297.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Easily solu- 
 C 28 H M 8 = CM H 14 (C 4 H 5 ) 2 8 ble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Soluble, with- 
 out decomposition, in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. Unacted upon by chlorhydric or nitric 
 acids even when these are boiling. (Malaguti.) 
 
 II.) mono. Vid. EthylCamphoric Acid. 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF lRON(Fe 2 O,). Insoluble in 
 water. (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ., 38. 300.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. (Brandes, 
 C 20 H 14 Pb 2 8 Schweigger's Journ., 38. 295. ) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Scarcely soluble in 
 C 20 H 14 Caa 8 + 2 Aq cold water. Soluble in 200 
 pts. of boiling water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Bouillon.) 100 pts. of water 
 at 15.5 dissolve 0.5 pt. of it, and at 100, 0.8 pt. 
 (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 4.61 pts. of water at 
 C 20 H 1B Ca 8 + 15 Aq 18.75; or, 100 pts. of water 
 at 18.75 dissolve 21.67 pts. 
 of it ; or the aqueous solution saturated at 18.75 
 contains 17.8% of it. (Bucholz, Gehlen's Journ. fur 
 Ch. Phys. u. Min., 1810, 9. pp. 352, 357.) Sol- 
 uble in 5 pts. of cold, and very soluble in hot 
 water. (R. Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. Jur Ch. 
 u. Phys., 1823, 38.. 290.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Soluble in 6.5 pts. 
 a = C 20 H 14 Mg 2 8 of water at 2.5. Soluble in 
 54.19 pts. of absolute alcohol 
 at 3 75; or, 100 pts. of absolute alcohol at 3.75 
 dissolve 1.841 pts. of it ; or the alcoholic solution 
 saturated at 3.75 contains 1.812% of it. (R. 
 Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. Jur Ch. u. Phys., 
 1823, 38. 292.) 
 
 b = C 20 H 14 Mg 2 8 + 15 Aq Efflorescent. Soluble 
 in 2.5 pts. of water at 
 
 20. (Kemper.) Camphorate of magnesia is in- 
 soluble in cold, but dissolves, with decomposition, 
 in hot alcohol. (Bouillon.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF MANGANESE. Very soluble 
 in water. (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ., 38.299.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF MERCUR(ZC)AMIN. 
 
 I.)'basic. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in 1000 pts. of ether. (Harff.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF MERCUR(OWS)AMIN. 
 
 I. ) basic. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 (Harff.) 
 
CAOUTCHOUC. 
 
 CAMPHORATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. In- 
 C 20 lI 14 Hg 4 8 soluble in cold water. (Harft') ; 
 nearly insoluble in water. (Brandes, 
 Schweiyger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1823, 38. 299.) 
 Partially decomposed by boiling water, or cold 
 alcohol. Soluble in 1666 pts. of ether. (Harff.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Near- 
 C 20 H u Hg 2 8 ly insoluble in cold, more soluble 
 in boiling water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. Soluble in 1666 pts. of ether. Soluble in 
 nitric, and chlorhydric acids. (Harff.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF METHYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Vid. Methyl Camphoric Acid. 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF NICKEL. Rather sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Brandes, Schweiyger's Journ., 
 38. 300.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM. Not 
 very difficultly soluble in water. (Brandes, foe. cit., 
 p. 299.) A solution of camphorate of magnesia 
 produces no precipitate in a solution of bichloride 
 of platinum. (Kern per.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE or POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Extremely ea- 
 Cjo H w K a 8 sily soluble in water. (Brandes, 
 Schweiqger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 1823, 38. 282.) Very soluble in water. (Bu- 
 cholz, Gehlen's Journ. fur Ch. Phys. u. Min., 1810, 
 9. 353.) 
 
 II.) acid? Soluble in 100 pts. of cold, and in 
 4 pts. of boiling water. Also soluble in alcohol. 
 (Bouillon-Lagrange.) [Brandes regards Bouil- 
 lon's salt as nothing but camphoric acid.] 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 20 H 14 Ag 2 8 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. (Brandes, Kemper.) 
 C 20 H u Naj Og Very soluble in water. Somewhat 
 soluble in absolute alcohol ; 100 
 pts. of [this] alcohol at 7.5 dissolve 1.25 pts. of it. 
 (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys:, 
 1823,38.286.) 
 
 II.) add? Soluble in 100 pts. of cold, and in 
 8 pts. of boiling water. (Bouillon-Lagrange.) 
 [Brandes thinks that Bouillon's salt is nothing 
 but camphoric acid.] 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF STRONTIA. Much more 
 soluble than the baryta salt. (Brandes, Schweig- 
 ger's Journ., 38. 295.) 
 
 CAMPHORATE ofjrrotoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 CAMPHORATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 
 CAMPHORATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 CAMPHORESIN. Insoluble in water or spirit. 
 C 2o H i2 Soluble in strong alcohol, ether, oil of 
 turpentine, and naphtha. (Clans.) 
 
 CAMPHORIMID. Easily soluble in boiling, less 
 (Camphorylamid.) " soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 C M H 15 N 4 = N j^ H " *" Soluble in gently heat- 
 ed concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, in which solution water produces a 
 precipitate. (Laurent.) 
 
 CAMPHORIN. Soluble in ether. (Berthelot, 
 (Camphorate of Glyceryl.) Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 41. 294.) 
 
 " CAMPHORYL." Vid. Phorone. 
 
 CAMPHORYL. Hypothetical radical of Cam- 
 C 2o H u 4" phoric Acid, &c. 
 
 CAMPHRENE. Insoluble, or but sparingly sol- 
 C lfi H, 2 2 uble in water. (Chautard.) 
 
 CAMPHRONE. 
 
 CANELLIN (from Canella alba). Appears to be 
 identical with Mannit. 
 
 CANIRAMIN. Vid. Brucin. 
 
 CANNABIN. Insoluble in water, or in aqueous 
 solutions of potash or ammonia, and but sparingly 
 soluble in acids. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Soluble in cold essential oils, and warm 
 fatty oils. (Smith.) 
 
 CANTHARIDIN. Insoluble in water, whether 
 
 (Isomeric with. Picrotoxin cold or boiling. It is, 
 
 and Xanthozytin.) however, rendered solu- 
 
 C 10 H 6 4 = u w "s ^ j o 2 ble by the yellow matter 
 
 in cantharides, so that 
 
 hot water can extract from these the whole of the 
 cantharidin. (Robiquet, and others.) Slightly 
 soluble in cold, more soluble in hot alcohol, and 
 acetate of ethyl, less soluble in wood-spirit, more 
 soluble in ether (in 34 pts. of cold ether according 
 to Warner) ; its best solvents are acetone and 
 chloroform, the latter abstracting it from the 
 aqueous solution. (W. Procter.) Soluble in hot 
 oil of turpentine, in the oils of cinnamon, cloves, 
 and sassafras, also in almond-oil, olive-oil, and 
 lard, crystallizing out on cooling. (Thierry, and 
 others.)" According to Procter, cantharidin is 
 extracted from cantharides by glacial acetic acid, 
 oil of turpentine, and olive-oil, but only the last- 
 mentioned retains any considerable quantity of it 
 in solution after cooling. 
 
 Easily soluble in benzin. Soluble in 70 pts. 
 (Procter), in 63 pts. (Warner), of boiling oil of 
 turpentine. Soluble in 20 pts. of olive-oil at 121. 
 Slightly soluble in cold, more easily soluble in hot 
 acetic acid of 1.041 sp. gr. ; completely soluble in 
 40 pts. of hot glacial acetic acid. According to 
 Robiquet it is insoluble in acetic acid. Scarcely 
 at all soluble in hot formic acid. Abundantly 
 soluble in boiling nitric acid. Soluble without 
 color in hot concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 Nearly insoluble in cold chlorhydric acid of 1.18 
 sp. gr., and in cold phosphoric acid ; a little 
 more soluble in these acids when hot. From all 
 these acid solutions cantharidin crystallizes on 
 cooling. (Procter, and others.) Insoluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Thierry.) Slightly soluble in hot 
 ammonia- water. (Procter.) Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash and soda, from which 
 it is precipitated on neutralizing with acetic acid. 
 (Thierry.) 
 
 CAOUTCHENE. Insoluble in water. Very read- 
 
 C g H 8 " ily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Insol- 
 
 uble in alkaline solutions. (Bouchardat.) 
 
 CAOUTCHICENE. Vid. Caoutchin. 
 
 CAOUTCHIN. Soluble in 2000 pts. of water. 
 (Caoutchicene.) It takes up a small quantity of wa- 
 H ter in the cold, and at higher tem- 
 
 peratures a larger quantity, which separates on 
 cooling. Soluble in all proportions in absolute 
 alcohol, ether, and acetate of ethyl. It is partially 
 precipitated from the alcoholic solution on the 
 addition of weak alcohol, and totally on mixing 
 with water. Water does not precipitate it from 
 the ethereal solution unless alcohol is likewise 
 added. Soluble in the fixed and volatile oils. 
 Slightly soluble in concentrated formic, and acetic 
 acids. Insoluble in chloride of ethyl. Miscible 
 in all proportions with xanthic acid. Soluble in 
 benzin, bisulphide of carbon, and colza-oil. 
 
 CAOUTCHOUC. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 C 8 H 7 One portion of it is soluble in ether, ben- 
 zin, bisulphide of carbon, oil of turpentine, 
 and the other essential oils ; another portion of it 
 is insoluble in these liquids. Anhydrous ether 
 dissolves. 66% of translucid caoutchouc ; anhydrous 
 
CAPRYLALDEHYDE. 
 
 97 
 
 oil of turpentine dissolves 49% of it. The best 
 solvent of caoutchouc is a mixture of 6 <S> 8 pts. 
 of absolute alcohol and 100 pts. of bisulphide of 
 carbon. Concentrated sulphuric, and nitric acids 
 slowly attack caoutchouc, but most acids have no 
 action upon it at ordinary temperatures. It is 
 not acted upon by alkalies. (Payen.) 
 
 Insoluble in water or alcohol. Soluble in coal- 
 naphtha, caoutchin, and ether. (Page, Am. J. 
 ScL, (2.) 4. 342.) 
 
 No portion of caoutchouc is dissolved by water 
 or by cold alcohol; but hot alcohol dissolves out 
 4.712% of a soft resinous matter. Pure caout- 
 chouc may be easily obtained by dissolving the 
 ordinary gum in chloroform and precipitating this 
 solution with alcohol. (Adriani.) Soluble in 
 bcnzin. (Mansfield.) Chloroform is a powerful 
 solvent of caoutchouc (Parrish's P/iarm., p. 318) ; 
 but vulcanized rubber is insoluble in chloroform. 
 ( Wittstein's Handw.) Sparingly soluble in hot 
 fusel-oil (hydrate of amyl). (Pelletan.) Largely 
 soluble in hot oil of amber (" ambereupion "). 
 (Doepping.) Soluble in rosin-oil-naphtha. Sol- 
 uble in oil of turpentine, especially if this has 
 been several times redistilled, in oil of sassafras, 
 and oil of lavender. In oil of ocotea. (Hancock.) 
 Abundantly soluble in oil of rosemary. Swells 
 up in naphtha, but does not dissolve [1] therein. 
 (Laurent.) Swells up in heated styrol, but dis- 
 solves in it only to a very slight extent. (Blyth 
 & Hofmann.) Soluble in mercuric methyl. 
 
 Very slightly acted upon by anilin, or by leukol 
 (quinolein), even when these liquids are boiling. 
 (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 143, 169.) 
 Readily soluble at a gentle heat in melted hog's- 
 lard, but in whale-oil it dissolves only at very high 
 temperatures. After having been swollen in oil 
 of turpentine or in naphtha it is soluble in hot lin- 
 seed-oil, and the solution thus obtained is misci- 
 ble with oil of turpentine. (E. Merck, Ann. der 
 Pharm., 1837, 21. 342.) Soluble in the oil ob- 
 tained by the destructive distillation of caoutchouc, 
 but no "more readily than in oil of turpentine, 
 naphtha, &c. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 CAPNOMOR. Insoluble in water. Easily sol- 
 C 4o HM u kl e ' n alcohol, ether, and oils. When 
 pure, it is insoluble in potash-lye, but 
 when contaminated with creosote it dissolves in 
 potash. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Vcelckel.) 
 
 CAPRAL. Vid. Hydride of Capronyl. 
 
 CAPRAMID. Vid. Rutylamid. 
 
 CAPRIC ACID. Vid. Rutylic Acid. 
 
 CAPRIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Rutyl. 
 
 CAPRINAMID. Vid. Rutylamid. 
 
 CAPRINIC ACID. Vid. Rutylic acid. 
 
 CAPROIC AciD(Anhydrous). Readily acidified 
 
 (Caproic Anhydride. by water and by alkaline 
 
 Caproic Caproate.) solutions. Soluble in 
 
 C M H 22 G = > I" X 2 [ 2 ether. ( Chiozza, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 39. 207.) 
 
 CAPROIC ACID. Soluble in 96 pts. of water at 
 (Capronic Acid.) 7. Soluble in all pro- 
 
 C u H 12 4 = C ]2 HU 3 , H portions in absolute al- 
 cohol. Easily soluble 
 
 in ether. Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated by water. Slow- 
 ly soluble, without alteration, in cold nitric acid. 
 (Chevreul ) 
 
 CAPROATB OF AMMONIA. 
 
 CAPROATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 22 H 22 4 = C 12 H u (C 10 H u ) 4 Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in alcohol, 
 13 
 
 and ether. Partially soluble in alkaline solutions 
 Insoluble in acid liquors. (Brazier & Gossleth. 
 J. Ch. Sue., 3. 214.) 
 
 CAPROATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 12.46 pts. 
 C 12 H u BaO 4 of water at 10.5, and in 12.50 pts. 
 at 20. (Chevreul.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 10 dissolve 8.02 pts. of it. (Chevreul 
 [T.].) Very soluble in water; the aqueous solu- 
 tion undergoing partial decomposition when boiled. 
 (Brazier & Gossleth, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 215.) More 
 soluble than the caprylate in cold water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 39. 206.) 
 
 CAPROATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 C 16 H t6 4 = C 12 H n (C 4 H 6 ) 4 ingly soluble, in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 CAPROATE OF LEAD. 
 
 CAPROATE OF LIME. Soluble in 49.4 pts. of 
 water at 14. (Chevreul.) 
 
 CAPROATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H u Mg 4 + Aq. 
 
 CAPROATE OF METHYL. Insoluble, or spar- 
 c u H w 64 = Cu H u (C 2 H 3 ) 4 ingly soluble, in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 CAPROATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H n K0 4 (Chevreul.) 
 
 CAPROATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 12 H u Ag 4 boiling water. Less soluble in wa- 
 ter than the butyrate. (Franklaud & 
 Kolbe.) 
 
 CAPROATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. (Che- 
 C 12 H u Na0 4 vreul.) 
 
 CAPROATE OF STRONTIA. Efflorescent. Sol- 
 c izH. u Sr0 4 u bie in 11.05 pts. of water at 10. 
 (Chevreul.) 
 
 CAPROENE. Vid. Caproylene. 
 
 CAPROIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Caproyl. 
 
 CAPROILE. Vid. Caproyl. 
 
 CAPROILENE. Vid. Caproylene. 
 
 CAPRONE. Insoluble in water. Readily sol- 
 (Caproylide of Amyl.} ubie in alcohol, and ether. 
 C 22 H 22 2 = ^ 10 5 U } (Brazier & Gossleth, J. 
 C " H "*> Ch. Soc., 3. 217.) 
 
 CAPEONIC ACID. Vid. Caproic Acid. 
 CAPRONOYL. Not isolated. 
 C u H n 
 
 CAPRONYL. Not isolated. 
 
 ( Caproyl of Gerhardt.) 
 C 12 H U 0, 
 
 "CAPROYL" (of Gerhafdt). Vid. Capronyl. 
 
 CAPROYL. Insoluble in water. Miscible in all 
 (Caproil. Heiyl.) proportions with alcohol, and 
 
 C,, H,,, or n 12 S 13 1 ether. (Brazier & Gossleth, 
 On H 1S j j CL SQC> 3 226 j 
 
 Jh'CAPROYLAMiN. Almost insoluble in water. 
 (TriCapronylamln. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 TriHexylamin.) ether. Soluble in acids, forming 
 N (C 12 H 13 ) 3 deliquescent salts. (Peterson & 
 
 Gcessmann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 101.311.) 
 
 CAPROYLENE. Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 (Ca.proile.ne. Olttne. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 Hexylene. Caproene.) and et h er . (Fremy.) 
 C 12 H 12 
 
 "CAPRYL." Vid. Octyl. 
 C 16 H J7 
 
 CAPRYL(of Gerhardt). Not isolated. 
 C 18 H 15 2 
 
 CAPRYLALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydrate of Capri- 
 cyl. 
 
98 
 
 CARAMELIN. 
 
 CAPRYLAMID. Unknown. 
 N \ 10 Hl6 ^ 2 
 
 ( H 2 
 
 " CAPEYLAMIN." Vid. Octylamin. 
 CAPRYLIC AciD(Anhydrous). Unacted upon 
 (Caprylic Anhydride. by boiling water. It 
 
 CapryUc ^ . . 
 
 C 32 H;so o 6 = c 1 R H", 2 $ 2 Crated, however, by 
 prolonged contact with 
 
 moist air. Decomposed by alcohol. Soluble in 
 ether. (Chiozza. Ann. Ch. et Pliys., (3.) 39. 204.) 
 
 CAPRYLIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Capranic Acid.) water. (Lerch.) Sol- 
 
 Cja H 10 4 = C 16 H 15 3 , H O uble in 400 pts. of 
 
 water at 100, but at 
 
 110 it separates out again almost completely, in 
 crystals. 
 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Fehling.) Its alkaline salts are very soluble in 
 water ; the other salts are sparingly soluble or in- 
 soluble. 
 
 CAPRYLATE OK BARYTA. Permanent. Diffi- 
 C 16 H ]5 Ba0 4 cultly soluble in water. (Lerch) 
 Soluble in 1066 pts. of water at 10, 
 and in 50 pts. at 100 ; or, 100 pts. of water at 10 
 dissolve 0.79 pt. of the salt, and at 100, 2 pts. 
 Perfectly insoluble in alcohol, and ether. (Feh- 
 ling. ) Less soluble in cold water than the caproate. 
 Almost completely insoluble in alcohol. (Chiozza, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 206.) 
 
 CAPRYLATE OF ETHYL. Nearly insoluble in 
 C 2 o H 2o 4 = Cjo H 15 (C 4 H ) 4 water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Fehling.) 
 
 CAPRYLATE OF LEAD. Permanent. Sparing- 
 Ci 8 H 15 Pb0 4 ly soluble in water. (Lerch.) 
 
 CAPRYLATE OF METHYL. Scarcely at all sol- 
 C lg H 18 4 = C 16 H 15 (C 2 H 3 ) 4 uble in water. Easily 
 miscible with alcohol, 
 and ether. (Fehling.) 
 
 CAPRYLATE OF PHENYL. 
 
 C 28 H 20 4 = C 16 H 15 (C ]2 H 5 )0 4 
 
 CAPRYLATE OF POTASH. 
 
 CAPRYLATE OF SILVER. Almost insoluble in 
 
 C 16 H 16 Ag0 4 water. (Schneider.) Slightly sol- 
 
 uble in water. (Redtenbacher.) Sol- 
 
 uble in hot alcohol. (Schneider.) Soluble in 
 
 acids and in.ammonia. 
 
 CAPRYLATE OF SODA. 
 
 CAPRYLENE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 (Octylenc.) alcohol, and ether. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. 
 Ci6 H 10 " et p hys ^ ( 3> ) 44. 114 j 
 
 CAPRYLIAQUE. Vid. Octylamin. 
 
 CAPRYLIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Octyl. 
 
 CAPRYLIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydrate of Ca- 
 pricyl. 
 
 CAPRYLIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Octyl. 
 
 CAPRYLONE. Insoluble in water. Readily sol- 
 (CapryMe of Heptyl.) uble in cold alcohol, ether, 
 Cgo HSO 2 and the fatty and volatile 
 
 oils. Very abundantly sol- 
 uble in hot alcohol, and wood-spirit. This solu- 
 tion becomes pasty upon cooling, as does that in 
 80% alcohol. 
 
 CAPRYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. Vid. OctylPhos- 
 phoric Acid. 
 
 CAPRYLSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. OctylSulphu- 
 ric Acid. 
 
 CAPSiciN(from Capsicum annuum). Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 
 oil of turpentine, and an aqueous solution of cans- 
 tic potash. (Bucholz, Braconnot.) Witting de- 
 scribes it as a crystalline resin, insoluble in cold 
 water, or in ether, and but sparingly soluble in hot 
 water or alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (H. B. Taylor, 
 Parrish's Pharm., pp. 423, 427.) 
 
 CARAMEL. Soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 
 ( Caramelic Acid. Normal Caramel.') alcohol. (Pcli- 
 C 12 H 9 O 9 , or rather C 24 H 18 18 got.) 
 
 The Caramelof commerce is a mixture, according 
 to Gelis, of caramelan, caramelene, and cnramelin. 
 It is very deliquescent, and mostly soluble in wa- 
 ter if the sugar has not been very strongly heated 
 in preparing it, but those samples which have 
 been exposed to a high heat contain much that is 
 insoluble in water. Sometimes it is almost en- 
 tirely insoluble in alcohol. A portion of it is, 
 nevertheless, always soluble in alcohol. (Gelis, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 352.) 
 
 CARAMEL(from Glucose). Is a mixture of 
 3 substances analogous to those in cane-sugar- 
 caramel. Their solubility in water is. however, 
 greater and that in alcohol less than that of the 
 compounds in cane-sugar-caramel. Hence glucose- 
 caramel is almost entirely insoluble in strong alco- 
 hol, while it is nearly all soluble in water. (Gelis, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 387.) 
 
 CARAMELATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in wa- 
 C M H 17 Ba0 18 ter. (Pe'ligot.) 
 
 CARAMELAN(of Voalckel). Insoluble in water 
 C^HjgOu or alcohol. Sparingly soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 (Vcelckel.) 
 
 CARAMELAN(of Gelis). Very deliquescent. 
 
 C 12 H 9 O a = Cj 2 H 8 8 , H Exceedingly soluble in 
 
 water. Readily soluble 
 
 in alcohol of 84%. Sparingly soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 Its compounds with metallic oxides arc more 
 soluble in water than those of caramelene. (Gelis, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 360.) 
 
 CARAMELAN with BARYTA. 
 C 12 H 8 8 . 2 Ba 
 
 CARAMELAN with LEAD. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 a C 12 H 8 Pb 9 Somewhat soluble in acetic acid. 
 6 = C 12 H 8 8 , 2 Pb Ppt. ( Gelis, loc. cit.) 
 
 CARAMELENE. Permanent. Soluble in water, 
 CM 2s Ozs = Cse H 24 24 , H and dilute alcohol. 
 Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in strong alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 Its compounds with metallic oxides are less 
 soluble in water than those of caramelan. (Gelis, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 CARAMELENE with BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 Cgs H 24 Ba 0^ in water. Insoluble in spirit. 
 
 CARAMELENE with LEAD. Sparingly soluble 
 a = Cgg H 24 Pb 25 in water. Insoluble in spirit. 
 b = Cg,, H 24 24 , 4 Pb 
 c = Cse H 24 M , 6 Pb ( Ge'lis, loc. cit. ) 
 
 CARAMELIN. Occurs in different modifications : 
 CfloH^O^HO 
 
 Modif. A. Soluble in water. 
 
 Modif. B. Insoluble in cold, but soluble in 
 boiling water, being thereby transformed into A. 
 Insoluble in alcohol of 90%, but very soluble in 
 alcohol of 60%. Soluble in alkaline liquors. In- 
 soluble in chlorhydric, sulphuric, or tartaric acids. 
 
 Modif. C. Insoluble in all ordinary solvents. 
 
 CARAMELIN (B) with BARYTA. Ppt. 
 a = C M H,,,, Ba 0,, 
 b ^(.HJoOso, 2 BaO Ppt. 
 
CARBONIC ACID. 
 
 99 
 
 CARAMELIN with LEAD. Ppt. (Gelis, loc. cit.) 
 CM HBO Pb 81 
 
 Under the name caramelin Maumene has de- 
 scribed a substance, of composition C 12 H 4 O 4 , 
 which is insoluble in water, acids, or alkaline 
 solutions. 
 
 CARAPiN(from Carapa guianensis). Easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Petroz & Robinet.) 
 
 CARBAMIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 C 2 H 3 N0 4 = N ^^0 2 " 0>HO 
 
 CARBAMATE OP AMMONIA. In the air a part of 
 (Anhydrous Carbo- it evaporates, while the rest ab- 
 i^eqf Ammonia.) sor |j s mo i s t u re and is converted 
 0, H 2 (IN a. t ) JN u 4 into carbonate of ammon i a . Ea- 
 
 sily soluble in water, but the solution soon under- 
 goes decomposition to carbonate of ammonia. 
 (H. Rose.) Also soluble in alcohol. (J. Davy.) 
 
 CARBAMATE OF AMMONIA with CARBONATE 
 C 2 H 2 (N H 4 ) N 4 ; 2 (N H 4 0, C 2 ) OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 CARBAMATE OF AMYL. Soluble in boiling, 
 
 ( Amyl (or Amylo) Urethan.) less soluble in cold wa- 
 
 C 2 H 2 (C 10 H u ) N 4 ter. Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. Soluble, 
 
 without decomposition, in cold concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which solution it is precipitated 
 by water. The sulphuric acid solution is decom- 
 posed on heating. (Medlock, /. C/i. Soc., 2. 213.) 
 
 CARBAMATE OF BUTYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Carbamate ofTetryl. Bu- Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 tylic (or Tetrylic) Urethan.) 
 C 10 H 11 N0 4 = C 2 H 2 (C 8 H 9 )N0 4 
 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 341.) 
 
 CARBAMATE OF ETHYL. Very soluble both in 
 
 (Ethyl Urethan. Urethan.) warm and in cold wa- 
 
 C 6 H 7 N 4 = C 2 H 2 (C 4 H 5 ) N 4 ter. Very soluble in 
 
 alcohol, spirit, and 
 
 ether. (Dumas, Liebig & Wcehler.) 
 
 CARBAMATE OF METHYL. Permanent. Sol- 
 
 (Urethylan. Methyl Untune.) uble in 0.46 pt. of 
 
 C 4 H s N 4 = C 2 H 2 (C 2 H 3 ) N 4 water at 1 1 ; or 100 
 pts. of water at 11 
 
 dissolve 217 pts. of it. Soluble in 1.37 pts. of 
 alcohol at 15; or, 100 pts. of alcohol at ^"dis- 
 solve 73 pts. of it. In ether it is less soluble. 
 (Echevarria.) Decomposed by a solution of caus- 
 tic potash, and by warm sulphuric acid. 
 
 CARBAMATE OF TETRYL. Vid. Carbamate of 
 Butyl. 
 
 CARBAMIC ETHER. Vid. Carbamate of Ethyl. 
 CARBAMID. Identical with Urea, q. v. 
 
 CARBAMiD(or IDO)CARBANILID. Vid. Phe- 
 nylCarbamid. 
 
 CARBAMIDNlTROCARBANILID. Vid. NitTO- 
 
 Pheny 1 Carbamid . 
 
 CARBANIL. Vid. Cyanate of Phenyl. 
 
 CARBANILAMID. Vid. PhenylUrea ; and Phe- 
 nylCarbamid. 
 
 CARBANILETHAN. Vid. Benzamate of Ethyl ; 
 and also, PhenylCarbamate of Ethyl. 
 
 CARBANILIC ACID. Vid. Benzamic Acid; 
 and PhenylCarbamic Acid. 
 
 CARBANILIC ETHER. Vid. PhenylCarbamate 
 of Ethyl. 
 
 CARBANILID. Vid. fftPhenylCarbamid. 
 
 CARBANILMETHYLAN. Vid. Benzamate of 
 Methyl; and also PhenylCarbamate of Methyl. 
 CARBAZOTIC ACID. Vid. Picric Acid. 
 
 CARBIDE OF IRIDIUM. 
 IrC 4 
 
 CARBIDE OF IRON. 
 
 CARBIDE OF IRON OF PLATINUM. Much more 
 soluble in dilute sulphuric acid than pure steel. 
 Soluble in aqua-regia, forming a solution contain- 
 ing much platinum with but little iron. (Faraday 
 & Stodart.) 
 
 CARBIDE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 CARBIDE OF PLATINUM. Most of the plati- 
 Pt C 2 ' num may be dissolved out by hot aqua-regia. 
 (Zeise, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 33. 53.) 
 
 CARBIDE OF SILVER. Soluble in nitric acid, 
 Ag a C with separation of carbon. 
 
 CARBOBENZID. Vid. BenzoPhenone. 
 
 CARBOBENZOIO Acio(of Plantamour). " Prob- 
 (Myroxylic Acid.) ably impure benzoic acid." (Gme- 
 Ci5 H 64 lin, Gerhardt.) Soluble in hot, 
 
 less soluble in cold water. It is 
 more soluble than benzoic acid, in water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CARBOBENZOATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in wa- 
 C 15 H 5 Ba 4 ter. 
 
 CARBOBENZOATE OF LEAD. 
 C u H 5 Pb 4 
 
 CARBOBENZOATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 ! H 5 Ca 4 
 
 CARBOBENZOATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 15 H 5 Ag 6 
 
 CARBOLATE OF X. Vid. Phenate of X 
 CARBOLIC ACID. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 
 CARBOMETHYLIC ACID. Vid. MethylCarbonic 
 C 4 H 4 6 Acid. 
 
 CARBON. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, or 
 Modif. a (Diamond.) in dilute acids or alkaline 
 
 solutions. 
 
 Modif. /? (Graphite.) Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 ether, or in dilute acids or 
 alkaline solutions. 
 
 Modif. y (Lampblack.) Insoluble in water, alco- 
 hol, ether, or in dilute 
 acids or alkaline solutions. 
 
 CARBONAPHTHALID. Vid. cfrNaphthyl Carba- 
 mid. 
 
 CARBONIC AciD(Gas). Water dissolves about 
 C 2 its own volume of the gas at the ordinary 
 temperature (the solution obtained being of 
 1.0018 sp. gr.) and pressure; and an additional 
 volume for the pressure of each additional atmos- 
 phere to which it is subjected. According to 
 Soubeiran the power of water to absorb carbonic 
 acid does not increase in precisely the same ratio 
 as the pressure. Courbe (Journ. de Pharm., 26. 
 121) also finds that a volume of water under a 
 pressure of 7 atmospheres contains only 5 volumes 
 of carbonic acid, and that a much greater pressure 
 is necessary in order to increase the amount of 
 the gas dissolved ; but up to 4 or 5 volumes the 
 amount of gas dissolved by water is very nearly 
 proportional to the pressure. On removing the 
 pressure from these solutions the excess of car- 
 bonic acid gas escapes, leaving only a single vol- 
 ume in solution ; but under the same circumstances 
 Champagne wine loses of 4 vols. only a vol. 
 (In Berzelius's J. B., 21. 77.) 
 
100 
 
 CARBONIC ACID. 
 
 100 volumes of water, at 
 
 12.78 absorb 116 [" 107 " T.] vols. C 2 (Cav- 
 
 [endish.) 
 
 29.44 " 84 " (Henry.) 
 
 15.56 " 106 ' (Saussure.) 
 
 15.56 " 108 " (Henry.) 
 
 15.56 " 100 " (Dalton.) 
 
 (Cited by Rogers, Am. J. Set., (2.) 6. 108.) 
 
 100 vols. of water Absorb of dry C 2 , vols. 
 
 at C reduced to 30 inches Bar. 
 
 and 15.56 (= 60 F.). 
 ... 175.72 
 
 4.4 147.94 
 
 10 
 
 15.6 
 
 21.1 
 
 26.7 
 32.2 
 37.8 
 65.6 
 
 122.27 
 100.50 
 83.86 
 68.60 
 57.50 
 50.39 
 11.40 
 
 100.0 . . still a perceptible quantity. 
 (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 6. 
 107.) 
 
 1 vol. of water under 
 a pressure of O m .76 
 of mercury at C 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 Dissolves of carbonic acid 
 gas : vols. reduced to 
 0C. and O m .76 press- 
 ure of mercury. 
 . 1.7967 
 1.7207 
 1.6481 
 1.5787 
 1.5126 
 1 .4497 
 1.3901 
 1.3339 
 1.2809 
 1.2311 
 1.1847 
 1.1416 
 1.1018 
 1.0653 
 1.0321 
 1.0020 
 0.9753 
 0.9519 
 0.9318 
 0.9150 
 0.9014 
 
 (Bunsen's Casometry, pp. 287, 128, 152.) 
 At about 5 one vol. of water absorbs somewhat 
 more than 1 vol. of C O 2 ; at 10 scarcely 1 vol., 
 and still less at higher temperatures. The solu- 
 tion saturated at 2 is of 1.0015 sp. gr. A great 
 part of the carbonic acid escapes when the solu- 
 tion is exposed to the air, and the quicker in pro- 
 portion as the solution is hotter. But as the 
 amount of C 02 diminishes the remainder is re- 
 tained more obstinately, so that boiling for half an 
 hour is necessary to discharge the whole of it. 
 On freezing the water, however, the carbonic acid 
 is all evolved. (Bergman, Essays, 1. pp. 12, 75.) 
 1 vol. alcohol under Dissolves of carbonic acid 
 
 a pressure of O m .76 gas : vols. reduced to 
 
 of mercury atC C. and O m .76 press- 
 
 ure of mercury. 
 
 . . . . 4.3295 
 
 1 4.2368 
 
 2 4.1466 
 
 3 4.0589 
 
 4 3.9736 
 
 3.8908 
 
 3.8105 
 
 3.7327 
 
 3.6573 
 
 9 3.5844 
 
 10 .... 3.5140 
 
 1 vol. alcohol under Dissolves of carbonic acid 
 
 a pressure of O m .76 gas -. vols. reduced to 
 
 of mercury at C 0C. and O m .76 press- 
 
 ure of mercury. 
 
 11 .... 3.4461 
 12 3.3807 
 
 13 3.3178 
 
 14 3.2573 
 
 15 3.1993 
 
 16 3.1438 
 
 17 3.0908 
 
 18 3.0402 
 
 19 2.9921 
 
 20 2.9465 
 
 21 2.9034 
 
 22 2.8628 
 
 23 2.8247 
 
 24 .... 2.7890 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 287, 128, 153.) 
 
 At 1 8C. and the ordinary pressure, 
 100 vols. of absorb vols. of C O 2 
 
 Water 106 
 
 Alcohol of 0.803 sp. gr. 260 
 
 " 0.840 " 186 i 187 
 
 Ether 0.727 " 217 
 
 Reel. Naphtha (Rock-oil) of 0.784 sp.gr. 169 
 Oil of Turpentine of 0.860 " 166 
 
 " Lavender (freshly distilled) 
 
 ofO.880sp.gr. 191 
 
 " Thyme of 0.890 " 188 
 
 Linseed-o'il . of 0.940 " 156 
 
 Olive-oil of 0.91 5 " 151 
 
 An aqueous solution of Gum 
 
 Arabic (containing 25% of the 
 
 gum) of 1.092 sp.gr. 75 
 
 An aqueous solution of Cane- 
 
 Sugar(cont. 25%of Sugar) of 1.104 " 72 
 A saturated aqueous solution of . 
 
 Chloride of Sodium (cont. 
 
 29%ofNaCl)of 1.212 " 32.9 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution 
 
 of Chloride of Ammonium 
 
 (cont. 27.53% of the salt) of 1.078 " 75 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 
 Chloride of Potassium (cont. 
 
 26%ofKCl)of 1.168 " 61 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 
 Chloride of Calcium (cont. 
 
 40.2% of CaCl) of 1.402 26.1 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 
 Sulphate of Potash (cont. 
 
 9.42% K O, S O 8 ) of 1.077 " 62 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 
 Sulphate of Soda (cont. 1 1 .14% 
 
 ofNaO, SO 3 )of 1.105 " 58 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 
 Alum (cont. 9.14% of A1 2 Os, 
 
 3S0 3 ;KO,SOs+24Aq)of 1.047 " 70 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 
 Nitrate of Potash (cont. 20.6% 
 
 ofKO,NO 5 )of 1.139 57 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 
 Nitrate of Soda (cont. 26.4% 
 . ofNaO,NO 6 )of 1.206 45 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution 
 
 of Tartaric Acid (cont. 53.37% 
 
 of the crystallized acid) of 1.285 41 
 
 Sulphuric Acid of 1-840 " 45 
 
 (Th. de Saussurc, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1814, 
 47. pp- 167-172. 
 
 From these experiments, it appears that the 
 fatty oils can absorb a much larger quantity of 
 carbonic acid gas than the much more mobile 
 water ; that the solubility of this gas in gum or 
 sugar-water is greater than in the far more fluid 
 
CARBONIC ACID. 
 
 101 
 
 solutions of sulphate of soda and chloride of potas- 
 sium ; while in solutions of the chlorides of potas- 
 sium, and of ammonium, and of nitrate of potash, 
 which are as fluid as pure water, it is much less 
 soluble than in the latter : hence, although there 
 are some liquids, like ether and alcohol, more 
 fluid than water, which absorb more of the gas 
 than this is capable of doing, De Saussure argues 
 that, as a general rule, viscosity has but little in- 
 fluence upon the amount of any gas which is 
 absorbed by a liquid, although he admits that a 
 much longer time is required in order that a viscid 
 liquid shall become saturated with the gas, 
 viscous liquids, like the fatty oils, gum-arabic wa- 
 ter, or a solution of chloride of calcium, requiring 
 a considerably longer time to become saturated 
 with a gas than the more mobile liquids, like 
 water, naphtha, alcohol, ether, and the essential 
 oils, which are capable of absorbing similar quan- 
 tities.* In general, liquids of low specific gravity 
 can absorb more of any gas than those which are 
 heavier. Solutions of the metallic salts, which 
 are of high specific gravity, must consequently 
 have still less power of absorbing gases than those 
 employed in the foregoing experiments. It fol- 
 lows, that in pneumatic operations, as in collecting 
 carbonic acid or any other somewhat soluble gas, 
 it is better to fill the trough with some saline solu- 
 tion instead of water. A solution of common salt 
 is peculiarly well fitted to serve this purpose, and 
 ordinary impure commercial salt is better than 
 purified chloride of sodium, a saturated solution 
 of the former having absorbed at the ordinary 
 temperature not quite of its volume of carbonic 
 acid gas, and having required a much longer time 
 to do this than is required by pure water in absorb- 
 ing its own volume of the gas. (Th. de Saussure, 
 Gilberts Ann. Phys., 1814, 47. pp. 172-175.) 
 1 vol. of oil of turpentine absorbs from 1.7 ( 1.9 
 vols. of it. (Saussure, in Gm., 14. 270.) 1 vol. 
 of spirit at 10 absorbs 2 vols. of CO 2 ; 1 vol. of 
 olive-oil at 10 absorbs 1 (or more) of C 62 ; 1 vol. 
 of oil of turpentine at 10 absorbs nearly 2 vols. of 
 C O2 (with great rapidity at first). (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 56.) 1 vol. of caoutchin absorbs 11 
 vols. of it. Slightly soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Sulphuric acid of ordinary density, at 15.56 
 and the common pressure, absorbs about 94% of its 
 volume of C 02 ; and Nordhausen acid 125% of its 
 volume. The absorption by pure water under the 
 same temperature and pressure being 98%. (W. 
 B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 5. 115.) Mo- 
 nohydrated sulphuric acid absorbs from 7 @ 10% 
 of C O 2 . {Hlasiwetz, Wien. Akad. Bericht, 2O. 
 193.) Tolerably soluble in water and in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 51. 72.) About half as soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of sodium (containing 
 about 15% of Nad) as in pure -water. Much 
 more soluble in an aqueous solution of ordinary 
 diphosphate of soda than in pure water, the quan- 
 tity dissolved being larger in proportion to the 
 amount of phosphate of soda in the solution. A 
 similar remark is true for solutions of carbonate of 
 soda. The solubility of carbonic acid gas in solu- 
 tions of these two salts seems to depend upon 
 its coefficient of solubility in pare water plus the 
 product of a constant coefficient (0.069 for 2 Na 0, 
 H 0, P O B , and 0.088 for Na O, C O 2 ) by the 
 amount of salt in solution. (Fernet, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 47. 367.) 
 
 * Compare, in this connection, the experiments of Prof. 
 Joseph Henry (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1844, *. pp. 56, 84), 
 who finds that viscous liquids, like soap-water, have less 
 cohesion than pure water. 
 
 Carbonic acid is not disengaged at ordinary 
 temperatures from water in which ^^5-^ of car- 
 bonate of lime is held in solution by it. Carbon- 
 ate of magnesia also acts in an analogous manner. 
 Not only does the presence of carbonate of lime 
 or of magnesia in water tend to retain carbonic 
 acid very forcibly, even at the temperature of boil- 
 ing, and when the solution is placed in an ex- 
 hausted receiver, a phenomenon which is most 
 strongly marked in dilute solutions, but such 
 solutions are also capable of absorbing the gas 
 from the atmosphere and of dissolving it in much 
 larger quantity than can he done by pure water. 
 (Bineau.) [The above observation of Bineau is 
 in accordance with facts observed, but incorrectly 
 explained, by myself. (Storer, Am. J. Sci., 1858, 
 (2.) 25. 41.) From my own observations it ap- 
 pears that carbonate of baryta, as well as carbon- 
 ate of lime, can most forcibly retain carbonic acid 
 in solution even after long-continued ebullition.] 
 Carbonic acid is also absorbed from the air by 
 aqueous solutions of -carbonate of soda and car- 
 bonate of potash, especially when these are dilute. 
 (Bineau.) Carbonic acid gas seems to be more 
 soluble than sulphuretted hydrogen in water at 
 high temperatures, as when heated under pressure 
 in sealed tubes. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 32. 169.) 
 
 II.) Liquid Carbonic Acid. Not miscible with 
 water, though slightly soluble therein, or with the 
 fatty oils ; but miscible in all proportions with al- 
 cohol, ether, bisulphide of carbon, and the essen- 
 tial oils. (Thilorier, Mitchell.) Unacted upon 
 by water. Soluble in alcohol, ether, rock-oil, oil 
 of turpentine, and bisulphide of carbon. ( Mareska 
 & Donny, Mem. Brussels Acad. (Savants etran- 
 gers), 1845, vol. 18. p. 26 of the memoir.) 
 
 III.) Solid Carbonic Acid. When immersed 
 in water it rapidly assumes the gaseous state and 
 dissolves. With alcohol or ether it forms a semi- 
 fluid mixture, with apparent chemical combina- 
 tion. (Channing, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 5. 186.) Only 
 slightly soluble in anhydrous ether, but may be 
 mixed therewith to a paste. (Thilorier.) 
 
 All basic and normal carbonates of the metallic 
 oxides are insoluble in water, excepting those of 
 the alkalies and ammonia, but they all dissolve in 
 carbonic acid water, hence it may be said that all 
 acid carbonates are soluble in water. 
 
 Carbonates of the metallic oxides are insoluble, 
 or very sparingly soluble, in alcohol. (Saussure.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF ALLTL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 6 H S 0,HO,2C0 2 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CARBONATE OF ALUMINA. Insoluble in water. 
 3Al 2 3 ,2C0 2 +16Aq (Muspratt.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 I.) "Anhydrous." Vid. Carbamate of Ammo- 
 NH 8 CO i! orN 2 H 6 C 2 4 nia. 
 
 II.) mono. Known only in solution in water, 
 NH 4 0,C02 and alcohol. ( See Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 3.310.) 
 
 III.) sesqui. Loses water when exposed to 
 (Common Commercial the air. Soluble in water ; 
 Carbonate of Ammonia.) legg so l ub l e j n alcohol. 
 
 OH 4 0,3C0 2 +3Aq 
 
 Phys., (3.) 40. 90.) Soluble in 1.667 pts. of cold, 
 and in 0.833 pt. of hot- water. '(Fourcroy.) 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 25 pts. of it at 13 
 " " " 30 17 
 
 " " " 37 32 
 
 " 40 41 
 
 " " " 50 . . 49 
 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 313.) 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 When the aqueous solution is heated to 49 car- 
 bonic acid escapes with effervescence. (Ibid.) It 
 evaporates in the air. 
 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 33 pts. of it. 
 100 pts. of water at 100 dissolve 100 pts. of it. 
 (Ure's Diet.) Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 15.5, 
 and in less than 1 pt. of boiling water ; the solu- 
 tion saturated at 15.5 containing 33.33% of it and 
 the saturated boiling solution 50%. Insoluble in 
 spirit. Soluble in 2.4 <3> 3 pts. of water at 18.75". 
 ( Ahl, from Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht,fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated 
 at 10 contains 15.7% of it. (Eller.) 
 
 " 6.1% " (Mussembrock.) 
 
 in the cold, " 37.5% " (Fourcroy.) 
 
 (All cited by Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 
 
 28. 291.) 
 
 Decomposed by water and hy alcohol. A small 
 quantity of water dissolves out the compound 
 (N H 4 O, C 2 ; N H 3 C 2 ), while the bicarbonate 
 (N H 4 O, HO, 2 C 2 ) remains undissolved. (H. 
 Hose.) Ordinary commercial carbonate of am- 
 monia does not dissolve as such in water. The 
 first portions of water added to it dissolve princi- 
 pally neutral [mono] carbonate of ammonia, while 
 bicarbonate of ammonia remains undissolved. 
 (Scanlan, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1838, p. 63.) When a 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia is heated, it 
 seems to boil at 82.22, and if the temperature 
 be increased, the salt evaporates so that by the 
 time the water reaches the boiling-point it is per- 
 f'Ttly free from all traces of the substance. (T. 
 Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 91.) When al- 
 cohol is added to the concentrated aqueous solu- 
 tion, bicarbonate of ammonia (No. 4) is precipi- 
 tated while the mono salt (No. 2) remains dis- 
 solved. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 311.) 
 
 IV.) hi. Permanent, except that it very slowly 
 
 a = NH 4 0, HO, 2CO 2 evaporates when exposed 
 
 to the air. Soluble in 8 pts. 
 
 of cold water. (Wittstein's Handw. ) In about 6 
 pt-;. of water at the ordinary temperature. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) When the aqueous solution is 
 sli"htlv heated the salt loses a portion of its acid. 
 (Bcrthollet, Gehlen's N. All. J., 3. 255 [T.].) 
 When the solution is heated above 36, carbonic 
 acid escapes with effervescence and the salt ulti- 
 mately becomes neutral. Very slightly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius, Lekrb., 3. 311.) 
 b = 2 (N H 4 0, H 0, 2 C 2 ) + Aq 
 c = N H 4 0, H 0, 2 C 2 4- Aq 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & or COBALT. 
 I )NH 4 0, C0 2 ; CoO, C0 2 + 4Aq Permanent. Ppt. 
 
 (Deville). Solu- 
 ble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 648.) 
 
 H.) NH 4 0,2C0 2 ; Co 0, C 2 + 9 Aq Quickly de- 
 & + 2 Aq composes in 
 
 the air. (H. Deville, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 
 450.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & OF GLUCINA. 
 N H 4 0, 3 C 2 ; Q1 2 3 , 3 C O 2 + Aq Very soluble in 
 
 cold, readily de- 
 composed by hot water ; much less soluble in 
 spirit, and almost insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Debray, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 30.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 I.) MgO, C0 2 ; NH 4 0, C0 2 +4Aq Soluble in wa- 
 ter, without de- 
 
 composition. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. (Guibourt.) Slowly de- 
 composed by cold, more readily decomposed by 
 boiling water. 
 
 " Insoluble in pure water. Contrary to the 
 statement of Guibourt it is decomposed by water, 
 as Bucholz has already said." (Favre, loc. cit., 
 p. 478.) Very sparingly soluble in a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. (Favre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 10. pp. 475 - 478.) Scarcely soluble in a so- 
 lution of carbonate of ammonia. (Bucholz.) Sol- 
 uble in a solution of sesquicarbonate of ammonia. 
 (H. Deville, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 35. 464.) 
 
 II.) N II 4 0, 2 C 2 ; 2 (Mg 0, C 2 ) + 9 Aq Very 
 & + 12 Aq rapidly 
 
 altered when exposed to the air. (Deville.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & OF NICKEL. 
 I.) NH 4 0,2C0 2 ; 2(NiO, CO^+gAq 
 
 II.) 1 Soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 NH 4 0, 2C0 2 ; 2SnO, C0 2 +3 Aq TIN. Decom- 
 posed by cold 
 
 water. (H. Deville, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 
 457.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 URANIUM. Soluble in a solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide 
 2 (N H 4 0, C 2 ) ; Ufc 3 , C 2 + 2 Aq OF URANI UM. 
 
 Slowly decom- 
 poses in the air. Sparingly soluble in water, 
 1 pt. of it being soluble in 20 pts. of water at 15 ; 
 or, 100 pts. of water at 15 dissolve 5 pts. of it. 
 More soluble in water containing carbonate of 
 ammonia. The aqueous solution is decomposed 
 by boiling. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 
 207.) 
 
 Permanent. Soluble in water, at least in that 
 containing carbonate of ammonia, the solution un- 
 dergoing decomposition when boiled. (Peligot, 
 Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 5. 45.) Insoluble in pure 
 water. Soluble in an aqueous solution of carbon- 
 ate of ammonia, but this solution is decomposed 
 when boiled. (Berzelius.) Easily soluble in sul- 
 phurous acid ; on boiling the solution subsulphite 
 of uranium separates out. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 7. 76.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & OF YTTRIA. In- 
 soluble in an. aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia, but is decomposed when boiled. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 2. 176 ; 3. 501.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Insol- 
 
 NH 4 0, 00 2 ; ZnO, C0 2 nble in water. (Deville.) 
 
 Tolerably permanent in 
 
 the air. Slowly decomposed by cold, rapidly by 
 boiling water. Somewhat soluble in cold water, 
 being much more soluble, than the corresponding 
 magnesia salt. Very soluble in water containing 
 carbonate of ammonia. Unacted upon by alcohol. 
 (Favre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 481.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZIRCONIA. 
 Soluble in water, or at least in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonate of ammonia, the solution un- 
 dergoing decomposition when boiled. [T.] 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIOCHLORIDE OF SUL- 
 PHUR. Soluble in water, with decomposition. 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIUMCHLOROPLATIN- 
 
 (OMS)AMMONIUM. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 (Gro*'s Carbonate.) acids, with decomposition. 
 
 (Gros, Ann. der Pharm., 
 
 1838, 27. 256.) 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 103 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONITJMCHLOROPLATIN- 
 (OHS)AMMONIUM & OF AMMONIUMOXYPLATIN- 
 (ons) AMMONIUM. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Raewslcy's Carbonate. Ses(fuichlor hydro- (liaew- 
 
 carbonate de diplatinaminelof Gerhardt).) 
 C 2 H 13 Cl Ptj N 4 O 8 = N 
 
 ' 
 
 Pt Cl . 0, C 2 ; 
 
 N Hi 
 
 N JptO . 0, CO, + HO 
 (NH 4 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIOIRIDITJM. Soluble 
 5 N H 3 . Ir 2 3 , 3 C O 2 + 3 Aq in water. ( Claus, Bei- 
 trage, p. 91.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMMONIORHODIUM. Per- 
 5 NH 3 . Rh 2 3 , 3C0 2 + 3 Aq manent. Very easily 
 soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Claus, Beitrage, 2. 88.) 
 
 " CARBONATE OF AMYL." Vid. Carbamate of 
 Amyl. 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 10 H u 0, C 2 , or (C 10 H u 0) 2 j 2 C 3 
 
 CARBONATE OF AMYLAMIN. 
 
 CARBONATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Solu- 
 BaO, C0 2 ble in 12027 pts. of water at 15 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 85. 247); in 
 14137 pts. of water at 16 '(a) 20, and in 15421 pts. 
 at the temperature of boiling. (Fresenius, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 59. 119.) Soluble in about 
 25000 pts. of water. (Bineau, C. R., 41. 511.) 
 Subsequently Bineau states that the numbers re- 
 sulting from his earlier experiments upon the 
 solubility of carbonate of baryta are too high, as 
 he was ignorant of the necessity of taking special 
 precautions to avoid the influence of the carbonic 
 acid of the air, and that in his recent experiments 
 he found 0.021 grm. of carbonate of baryta to the 
 litre of water at the ordinary temperature, i. e. 
 1 pt. of it is soluble in 47620 pts. of water. 
 (Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1857, (3.) 51. 299.) Malaguti 
 appears to be in error in citing the solubility of 
 carbonate of baryta as ^1^^ after Bineau. 
 (Ibid., p. 346.) Soluble in 4304 pts. of cold, and 
 in 2304 pts. of boiling water. (Fourcroy.) Sol- 
 uble in 588 pts. of water saturated with carbonic 
 acid, at 10. (Lassaigne, J. Ch. Me'd., 4. 312; 
 in Berzelius's Jahresbericht, 29. 132.) Soluble in 
 833 pts. of water saturated with carbonic acid 
 (Dumas) ; in 380 [830 [T.] ] pts. (Fourcroy.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble in 1550 pts. of 
 water saturated with carbonic acid ; when reduced 
 to a fine powder it is much more readily soluble 
 than this in carbonic acid water. (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 30.) [Carbonic acid gas produces no 
 precipitate at ordinary temperatures in baryta- 
 water which has been largely diluted with water ; 
 nor is any precipitate produced when such dilute 
 solution is boiled.] (Compare Bineau, Art. Car- 
 bonic Acid.) Almost absolutely insoluble in wa- 
 ter containing free ammonia and carbonate of 
 ammonia; thus, when digested in a solution of 
 ammonia and carbonate of ammonia, in excess, 
 the mixture being gently heated and allowed to 
 stand during 12 hours, 1 pt. of the carbonate dis- 
 solves in 141000 pts. of the liquid : the addition 
 of chloride of ammonium in this experiment does 
 not increase the solubility of the carbonate. (Fre- 
 senius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 59. 119.) 
 When caustic ammonia, which has been partially 
 neutralized with carbonic acid, is mixed >-.ith 
 baryta-water, or when a mixture of caustic ammo- 
 nia and of baryta-water is treated with a small 
 amount of carbonic acid gas, no precipitate is 
 produced except on boiling. Yet it does not ap- 
 
 pear that caustic ammonia can redissolve carbon- 
 ate of baryta which has once been precipitated. 
 (Vogel, Ann. de Chim., 1814, 89. 131; also 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1821, 33. 
 208.) 
 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium, with evolution of ammonia. 
 (Fuchs; Demar9ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 
 251.) When recently precipitated it is soluble in 
 a cold aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 and even the com pact native carbonate ( Witherite), 
 when finely powdered, is also soluble. (Vogel, 
 J.pr. Ch., 1836, 7. 455.) Soluble in a cold satu- 
 rated aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 and in the solution thus obtained ammonia in ex- 
 cess causes no precipitate. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96, 334.) Much more soluble 
 in solutions of chloride of ammonium or of nitrate 
 of ammonia than in pure water. From solutions 
 in these salts it is partially reprecipitated by caus- 
 tic ammonia. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 126.) Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of various salts : as, chlo- 
 ride of ammonium, nitrate of ammonia, and suc- 
 cinate of ammonia (Wittstein) ; also soluble in 
 solutions of ammonia, and carbonate of ammonia 
 (Vdgel), and of carbonate of potash (Wacken- 
 roder). When a solution of ammonia incom- 
 pletely saturated with carbonic acid is mixed with 
 a solution of chloride of barium no precipitate 
 ensues immediately at the ordinary temperature 
 of the air, but after standing for some time ex- 
 posed to the air a portion of the carbonate of 
 baryta separates out. On boiling the mixture a 
 precipitate is produced at once. Solutions of 
 ammonia saturated or nearly saturated with car- 
 bonic acid generally produce precipitates when 
 mixed with chloride of barium, but the precipita- 
 tion is incomplete unless the mixture is heated. 
 (Vogel, Ann. de Chim., 1814, 89. 130; also 
 Schweigger's J. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1821, 33. pp. 
 205, 206.) When a mixture of a solution of 
 chloride of barium and of caustic ammonia is 
 exposed to an atmosphere of pure carbonic acid 
 no precipitate is produced until a great deal of 
 the acid has been absorbed, and the baryta is com- 
 pletely precipitated only after the lapse of several 
 days. (Vogel, Schweigger's J., 33. pp. 205, 206.) 
 Aqueous solutions of several of the soluble salts 
 of ammonia, potash, and soda dissolve a portion 
 of recently precipitated carbonate of baryta when 
 digested in great excess therewith ; this solvent 
 action is more distinctly observed, however, in 
 the tendency to prevent the precipitation of carbo- 
 nate of baryta from solutions of baryta salts when 
 these are mixed with other saline solutions. Chlo- 
 ride of ammonium retards in a marked manner 
 the precipitation of carbonate of baryta from dilute 
 baryta-water, a portion of baryta remaining in 
 solution even after boiling with carbonate of 
 soda The chlorides of sodium and potassium 
 also retard in a measure the precipitation of car- 
 bonate of baryta, but their action is not well 
 marked. A solution of chloride of barium pro- 
 duces no precipitate, except on boiling, when 
 added to a mixed solution of carbonate of soda 
 and chloride of ammonium, and if the latter be 
 present in considerable quantity there will be no 
 precipitate even on boiling. When the chloride 
 of ammonium is present in smaller quantity there 
 is a point where the addition of a drop of carbon- 
 ate of soda produces a cloudiness which clears up 
 on heating. If in the last experiment chloride of 
 sodium be substituted for chloride of ammonium, a 
 similar action may be observed, although it is 
 much less in degree. In one experiment, in which 
 
104 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 an excess of carbonate of soda was used and a 
 partial precipitate produced in the cold, the liquid 
 was left in repose during twenty-four hoars, but 
 on being filtered and the clear filtrate boiled, an 
 additional amount of carbonate of baryta sepa- 
 rated. When a mixed solution of carbonate of 
 soda and nitrate of potash is quickly added, in 
 large excess, to a small quantity of a solution of 
 chloride of barium or of hydrate of baryta, no 
 immediate precipitate is produced except on boil- 
 ing. But in general, carbonate of baryta appears 
 to be affected in much less degree than carbonate 
 of lime by the solvent action of the alkaline salts, 
 and seems to be capable of separating entirely, 
 even in the cold, from such solution after a time. 
 Even solutions of the alkaline carbonates fail to 
 precipitate baryta when they are suddenly added 
 in great excess to dilute solutions of the latter; 
 on boiling the mixture, however, a precipitate is 
 produced, unless the solutions employed were 
 exceedingly dilute. (Storer, Am. J. ScL, 1858, 
 (2.) 25. 43 ) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 potash or soda salts. (In Gmelin.) Soluble in 
 a solution of normal citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 In presence of much water carbonate of baryta is 
 no longer precipitated when solutions of carbonate 
 of soda and chloride of barium are mixed to- 
 gether. If the solutions contain 1 pt. of salt to 
 every 1000 pts. of water a very slight precipitate 
 will separate after the lapse of some time, but if 
 the dilution be increased to 2000 pts. of water for 
 every pt. of salt no precipitation will occur. (R. 
 Brandts, Schweigger's J. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1825, 
 43. 159.) Baryta-water is rendered slightly tur- 
 bid by a solution of carbonate of soda containing 
 
 1 pt. of carbonic acid in between 40000 to 80000 
 pts. of water. ( Lassaigne. ) Carbonate of baryta is 
 insoluble in, and is unacted upon by, concentrated 
 nitric acid (Braconnot) ; but is easily soluble in di- 
 lute nitric, and other acids. It is not decomposed 
 by a mixture of 1 pt. oil of vitriol and 6 pts. absolute 
 alcohol, but is slowly decomposed by a mixture of 
 nitric acid and absolute alcohol. It is also acted 
 upon by a solution of oxalic acid in absolute alco- 
 hol, although the resulting oxalate is insoluble in 
 the alcoholic mixture. But is -not decomposed by 
 alcoholic solutions of racemic, tartaric, citric, or 
 glacial acetic acids. It is partially decomposed 
 when boiled with an aqueous solution of sulphate 
 of potash. (Babington & Richard Phillips, Journ. 
 of Royal Inst. of Gt Br., 1816, 1. 81.) [See under 
 Sulphate of Baryta.] 1 pt. of carbonate of baryta 
 is decomposed, even in the cold, by an aqueous 
 solution of 1 pt. sulphate of potash or 2 pts. sul- 
 phate of soda, but if these solutions be boiled 
 down to a syrup, carbonate of baryta and sulphate 
 of potash or of soda will again be formed. (Keel- 
 renter, cited by H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 94. 484.) 
 When carbonate of baryta is treated, at ordinary 
 temperatures, with a solution of sulphate of pot- 
 ash, or of soda, partial decomposition soon ensues, 
 the carbonate of baryta being converted into sul- 
 phate of baryta ; and this decomposition may be 
 complete even at the ordinary temperature. (H. 
 Rose, Jbid , p. 491.) When one equivalent of 
 Ba 0, C 2 is boiled with one equivalent of K O, 
 S 3 , in aqueous solution, 0.60 of it may be de- 
 composed; when boiled with an equivalent of 
 Na O, SO S , 0.7182 of it may be decomposed ; when 
 boiled with an equivalent of KO, CrO$, 0.79 
 of it may be decomposed ; when boiled with an 
 equivalent of NaO, CrO,, 0.76 of it may be de- 
 composed ; and when boiled with an equivalent of 
 
 2 Na O, H 0, P OB, 0.50 of it may be decomposed, 
 (p. 335.) On the other hand, when an equivalent 
 
 of Ba O, S O 3 is boiled with one of K O, C O 2 , 
 0.2217 of it maybe decomposed; with an equiva- 
 lent of NaO, C0 2 , 0.1873 of it may be decom- 
 posed ; and when an equivalent of Ba O, Cr 3 is 
 boiled with one of K 0, C O 2 , 0.2072 of it may be 
 decomposed, or with an equivalent of Na O, C 2 , 
 0.24 of it may be decomposed. For a discussion 
 of the influences which tend to interfere with these 
 reactions, see Malaguti's original memoir, also 
 under sulphate of baryta; in a set of experiments, 
 made under identical conditions, with the excep- 
 tion of the length of time during which the mix- 
 ture was boiled, the following results were ob- 
 tained: 
 
 Number of hours 
 during which the 
 mixture of Ba 0, 
 C0 2 and Na O, 
 S 3 was boiled. 
 h m 
 30 
 1 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 10 
 12 
 14 
 16 
 
 Per cent of the 
 equivalent of 
 Ba 0, C 2 de- 
 composed. 
 
 56.57 
 60.57 
 67.71 
 71.88 
 71.37 
 73.80 
 73.80 
 75.88 
 73.80 
 75.54 
 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Cft. et Phys., (3.) 51. pp. 
 344, 348, et seq. Compare Sulphate of 
 Baryta. ) 
 
 It is not decomposed by a solution of carbonate 
 of ammonia at the ordinary temperature, but on 
 boiling the decomposition rapidly ensues. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 95. 105.) Carbonate of baryta 
 is partially decomposed when boiled with aqueous 
 solutions of the sulphates of potash, soda, lime, 
 ammonia, or magnesia; the phosphates of soda 
 and ammonia ; the sulphites of potash, soda, and 
 ammonia ; the phosphites of potash, soda, and 
 ammonia; borate of soda; the arseniates of pot- 
 ash and soda ; the oxalates of potash and am- 
 monia ; fluoride of sodium ; and chromate of pot- 
 ash. With the ammonia salts the decomposition 
 is complete. (Dulong, Ann. de Chim., 82. 286.) 
 Rapidly decomposed, with evolution of carbonate 
 of ammonia, when boiled with solutions of ammo- 
 niacal salts. (Denham Smith, Phil. Mag., 9. 
 542.) 
 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the chlorhydrate 
 or nitrate [or any other salt (Demarcay)] of the 
 sesquioxide of iron, with evolution of carbonic 
 acid and precipitation of sesquioxide of iron [as 
 a basic salt (Demarfay, p. 245)]. (Fuchs, Schweig- 
 ger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1831, 62. 193 ; com- 
 pare Demarcay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 242, 
 et seq.) Solutions of the salts of sesquioxide of 
 chromium, of bismuth, of both the oxides of mer- 
 cury, and of the perchlorides of tin and antimony, 
 behave like those of the sesquisalts of iron ; but, 
 in the cold, carbonate of baryta does not precipi- 
 tate solutions of alumina, magnesia, manganous 
 oxide, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, protoxide of 
 tin, protoxide of iron, &c., though at higher tem- 
 peratures some of these salts decompose it ; thus, 
 when boiled with solutions of the chlorides or 
 nitrates of cobalt, nickel, zinc, manganese, or 
 copper, k dissolves, while the oxides of these salts 
 are precipitated. (Demarcay //oc. cit., pp. 246 - 251.) 
 
 At the ordinary temperature carbonate of baryta 
 dissolves in aqueous solutions of salts of the ses- 
 quioxides of alumina, manganese, chromium, iron, 
 uranium, and bismuth, of the protoxides of cad- 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 105 
 
 mium, copper, mercury, palladium, and tin, of 
 dinoxide of mercury, of the oxides of rhodium, 
 iridium, and gold, of binoxide of tin, and of ti- 
 tanic, arsenic, antitnonic, phosphoric, selenic, and 
 sulphuric acids ; the oxides in question being mean- 
 while completely precipitated if an excess of the 
 carbonate be present. The five acids last men- 
 tioned are precipitated only when their solutions 
 are slightly acidulated with chlorhydric, or nitric, 
 acid. From the above general rule several chlo- 
 rides must be excepted ; thus, carbonate of baryta 
 occasions no precipitate in solutions of sesquichlo- 
 ride of gold, or of the protochlorides of mercury, 
 even on heating, or of palladium ; or in those of 
 the bichlorides of iridium or rhodium, unless these 
 be boiled ; with bichloride of platinum it gives no 
 precipitate, even on boiling. Solutions of the other 
 salts of platinum, and gold, are, however, only 
 partially precipitated by carbonate of baryta, ex- 
 cept on heating. Oxide of tin is completely pre- 
 cipitated even in the cold from both the, a and /?, 
 bichlorides. But carbonate of baryta does not 
 precipitate, at the ordinary temperature, the oxides 
 of potassium, sodium, lithium, ammonium, ba- 
 rium, strontium, calcium, magnesium, glucinum, 
 yttrium, or zirconium, or the protoxides of manga- 
 nese, iron, lead, or silver. Magnesia is completely 
 precipitated by it from a solution of the sulphate 
 after long-continued boiling ; but under the same 
 conditions it is only incompletely precipitated from 
 the chloride or nitrate. Lime is partially precip- 
 itated from solutions of its salts after long-con- 
 tinued boiling. Glucina is not precipitated by 
 carbonate of baryta except on boiling ; nor does 
 this completely precipitate zirconia either in the 
 cold or on boiling. It does not precipitate yttria 
 - either in the cold or on heating ; nor does it imme- 
 diately precipitate protoxide of cerium, though at 
 the end of 24 hours the precipitation is complete ; 
 after some hours it precipitates completely sesqui- 
 oxide of cerium. Oxide of lanthanum is com- 
 pletely precipitated, after some time, at the ordinary 
 temperature, the reaction being more rapid at the 
 temperature of boiling. When left in contact, at 
 the ordinary temperature, with a solution of nitrate 
 of didymium during an hour or so, scarcely a trace 
 of the oxide of didymium is precipitated, but on 
 allowing the mixture to stand for a longer time, 
 the oxide gradually separates out, but the precipi- 
 tation is not completed even after several days, 
 nor can it be completely precipitated on boiling. 
 In any event, oxide of didymium is precipitated 
 by carbonate of baryta more slowly than the pro- 
 toxides of cerium or lanthanum. . The protoxides 
 of manganese and iron are precipitated only on 
 boiling, but the precipitation is then complete. 
 Oxide of zinc is not immediately precipitated in 
 the cold, but by long-continued ebullition with an 
 excess of carbonate of baryta the oxide of zinc 
 may all be thrown down. As a rule it does not 
 precipitate the protoxides of cobalt or nickel from 
 their solutions at the ordinary temperature, though 
 after a very long time the greater part of these 
 oxides may be precipitated from solutions of their 
 sulphates ; this does not occur with the chlorides, 
 however, though by long-continued boiling the 
 oxides may be almost completely precipitated 
 from them. Sesquioxide of nickel is not precipi- 
 tated by it from dilute solutions at the ordinary 
 temperature ; but sesquioxide of cobalt may be 
 precipitated from the acetate both in the cold 
 and on boiling. Oxide of 'lead is not precipi- 
 tated in the cold, but is precipitated completely 
 by long-continued ebullition. (H. Rose, 2V., 
 passim, & p. 943.) 
 
 14 
 
 *S?s<7u?CARBONATE OF BARYTA. Much more 
 2 Ba 0, 3 C 2 soluble than the mono-carbonate in 
 water. (Boussin.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water, 
 Bi0 3 , C0 2 -)-Aq or in carbonic acid water. (Le- 
 fort ; Bergman, Essays, 1. 55.) 
 As good as insoluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 chlorhydric, and nitric acids. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 150.) Completely soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonate of ammonia; slightly soluble in 
 a solution of carbonate of potash ; insoluble in a 
 solution of carbonate of soda. (Laugier.) Per- 
 fectly insoluble in a solution of carbonate of am- 
 monia unless phosphoric or arsenic acid be also 
 present. (Berzelius.) Somewhat soluble in solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates, but is precipitated 
 by caustic alkali. (Stromeyer.) Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the carbonates of potash, 
 soda, or ammonia. (H.Rose, Jr.) Soluble, when 
 recently precipitated, in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Wat-ken rod er, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 41. 315 ; Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 10. 98.) But insoluble in a solution of nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Ibid.) Soluble in a solution 
 of chloride of calcium. (Pearson.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF BUTYL. Insoluble, or but 
 (Carbonate of Tetryl.) sparingly soluble in water. 
 c 8 H 9 o, co 2 Decomposed by ammonia- 
 
 water. 
 
 CARBONATE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 Cd 0, C 2 ter. ( Stromeyer. ) Insoluble in solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates. 
 
 Exceedingly sparingly soluble in a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 
 151.) Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of sul- 
 phate, nitrate, and succinate of ammonia and of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Wittstein.) Soluble in 
 a solution of cyanide of potassium. Soluble in a 
 cold aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 and less perfectly in a solution of nitrate of am- 
 monia. (Brett, Phil. Mag , 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 99, 
 334.) Readily soluble in a warm aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium, yet carbonate of 
 ammonia precipitates cadmium from solutions 
 which contain much chloride of ammonium. (H. 
 Rose, 2V.) The presence of non-volatile organic 
 substances does not prevent the alkaline carbon- 
 ates from precipitating cadmium from its solutions. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) It is not precipitated from solu- 
 tions which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 Easily soluble in acids. 
 
 CARBONATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Insolu- 
 
 I.) Ce 0, C 2 + 3 Aq ble in water, or in carbonic 
 
 acid water. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 Slightly soluble in aqueous solutions of the alka- 
 
 line carbonates, and bicarbonates. 
 Easily soluble in sulphurous acid. (Berthier, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 77.) . 
 
 II.) 2CeO,C0 2 +2Aq Easily soluble, with de- 
 composition, in acids. 
 
 CARBONATE of sesquioxide OF CERI UM. Insol- 
 uble in water. (Hisinger, in Berzelius' 's Lehrb.) 
 A solution of carbonate of soda only dissolves a 
 trace of it ; somewhat more soluble in bicarbonate 
 of soda and in carbonate of ammonia, the solu- 
 tions thus obtained being precipitated on boiling. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) 9 
 
 CARBONATE OF &Z'CHLORETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (BiMorocarbonic ether. water. Soluble in 
 
 (Cah 
 \ a 
 
 (3.) 9. 203.) 
 
 Carbonate o 
 C 5 H 3 C1 2 3 = 
 
 1, 0, C0 2 
 
106 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 CARBONATE OF perCHixmETHYL. Soluble 
 (Per Chloro Carbonic Ethfr. in alcohol and in ether, 
 VMtoK^'^yleperchM.-) with partial decompo- 
 
 c.ci,o,-c 4 ci,o,oo, gition (Cfthour8t 4 Bn . 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 204.) Soluble in alcohol, with 
 slight elevation of temperature, and partial decom- 
 position ; from this solution it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. (Malaguti.) 
 
 CARBONATE OP CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR. 
 Vid. Sulphite of Chloride of ChloroMethyl. 
 
 CARBONATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Some- 
 what soluble in an aqueous solution of bicarbon- 
 ate of potash. (Moberg.) 
 
 CARBONATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. In- 
 Cr 2 O 3 , CO 2 -j-4 Aq soluble in water. Soluble in 
 acids. (T. Thomson, Phil. 
 Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 208.) Insoluble in water. 
 When recently precipitated it is soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the carbonates of potash and ammo- 
 nia, and still more soluble in a solution of caustic 
 potash. (Meissner.) According to Lefort it is 
 only the salts of the violet modification of chrome- 
 oxide which afford a carbonate when treated with 
 a solution of an alkaline carbonate. 
 
 CARBONATE OF CINCHONIN. Cinchonin is 
 more soluble in carbonic acid water than in pure 
 water. (Langlois.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) normal. Unacted upon by cold chlorhydric 
 a = anhydrous, or nitric acids, even when these 
 CoO, OO 2 are concentrated. (De Senarmont, 
 
 Ann. Ch. ct Phys., (3.) 30. 138.) 
 b = Co 0, C 2 + 6 Aq Permanent. (H. Deville.) 
 Normal carbonate of cobalt 
 
 is decomposed by water, a basic insoluble salt be- 
 ing formed. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 647.) 
 
 II.) 3 (CoO, C0 2 ) + 2Aq 
 
 III.) 4 CoO, 2 CO 2 -j_7 Aq Ppt. Converted into 
 No. 5 by washing or 
 boiling with water. (Beetz.) 
 
 IV.) 4 CoO, CO.j + 4Aq p pt . 
 
 1 V. ) 5 Co 0, 2 C 2 + 4 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in aqueous 
 
 solutions of carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and suc- 
 cinate of ammonia, and of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 Soluble, even in the cold, in aqueous solutions 
 of chloride of ammonium, and nitrate of ammo- 
 nia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 98, 99, 
 334.) Soluble in carbonic acid water, and in 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline bicarbonates, 
 from which it is again precipitated on boiling. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 648.) Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in strong aqueous solutions of carbonate of 
 soda and carbonate of potash ; from the last-named 
 solution it is precipitated when much water is 
 added. (Proust, Gmelin.) Largely soluble, with 
 combination, in an aqueous solution of carbonate 
 of ammonia, also soluble in part in ammonia- 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 648.) It is not 
 precipitated from solutions which contain citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF COBALT & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) Co 0, C 2 ; K 0, C 2 + 4 Aq 
 
 II.) 2 Co 0, 3 C0 2 ; KO, 2 C 2 +9 Aq Permanent. 
 
 Very rap- 
 idly decomposed by water. (Deville, Ann. Ch. et 
 Pfc* (3.) 33. 90.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF COBALT & OF SODA. Decom- 
 
 I.) CoO, C0 a ; NaO, CO 2 + 4 Aq posed by water. 
 
 II.) CoO,C0 2 ; NaO, C0 2 + 10 Aq Very easily de- 
 composed by 
 water. (II. Deville, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 33. 94.) 
 
 CARBONATE of dlnoxide OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 Cu 2 0, C 2 . 
 
 CARBONATE of protoxide OF COPPKR. Decom- 
 
 I.) 2CuO, C0 2 posed by boiling with water. 
 
 (Gay-Lussac.) 
 
 II.) 2CuO, C0 2 + Aq Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in carbonic 
 
 acid water; 30720 pts. of this solution contain 1 
 pt. of oxide of copper. (Fr. Jahn.) Soluble in 
 3833 pts. of a saturated aqueous solution of carbonic 
 acid. (Lassaigne, J. Ch. Mild., 4. 312; in Ber- 
 zelius 's Jahreskcricht, 29. 132.) Carbonate of cop- 
 per is insoluble in carbonic acid water unless it 
 be precipitated in presence of an excess of this, in 
 which event a small portion of it is taken up. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 55.) Soluble in aqueous so- 
 lutions of ammoniacal salts. Partially soluble in 
 solutions of the fixed alkaline carbonates and still 
 more soluble in solutions of the alkaline bicarbon- 
 ates. Soluble in a solution of sesquicarbonate of 
 ammonia. (Favre, Ann. Ch. ct Phys., (3.) 10. 
 118.) Less soluble in a solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia than oxide of copper is in caustic am- 
 monia. (Thomson's System of Chem., London, 
 1831,2.777.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 alkaline cyanides. (Berzelins, Lehrb., 3. 795.) Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammoni- 
 um, and nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 98, 335.) Slowly but completely 
 soluble in a hot aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. (H. Rose, 7V.) It is not precipi- 
 tated from solutions which contain citrate of soda. 
 (Spiller.) Soluble in an aqueoas solution of car- 
 bonate of ethylamin. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30. 483.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 salts of sesquioxide of iron with evolution of car- 
 bonic acid and precipitation of hydrated sesqui- 
 oxide of iron. [Compare Carbonate of Lime.] 
 (Fuchs, Scliweigger's Journ.fur Ch. u. Phys., 1831, 
 62. 193.) Carbonate of copper, either natural or 
 artificial, is soluble, with effervescence, in sul- 
 phurous acid (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 7. 80) ; and easily in the acids generally. 
 
 III.) sesqui. 
 3 CuO, 2 C0 2 + Aq 
 
 CARBONATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. 
 5 Cu 0, 4 C Oj ; K 0. C O 2 + 10 Aq 
 
 CARBONATE OF COPPER & OF SODA. 
 CuO, C0 2 ; NaO, C0 2 + 3 Aq 
 
 CARBONATE OF COPPER & OF ZINC. Readily 
 5(ZnO, CuO),2C0 2 + 3Aq soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. (Bcettger.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF CUPRAMMONIUM. Decom- 
 N JH 3 Q co posed by water. Insoluble in alco- 
 
 Cu ' ' hoi or ether. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of sesquicarbonate of ammonia, (Favre, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 116.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF DIDTMIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 DiO,C0 2 + 2Aq ter, or in aqueous solutions of 
 the alkaline carbonates or bicar- 
 bonates. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 
 166.) Not completely insoluble in a concentrated 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I. normal. Insoluble in water. Very readily 
 
 rvi ' 
 
 0) 
 
 in 
 C 4 H 5 0, C0 2 or(C 4 
 
 (Carbon* ether.) 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 202.) 
 
 II.) bi. Not isolated. 
 C n H fi Cv, = C 4 H s O, H O, 2 C 0, 
 (Ethyl Carbonic Acid.) 
 
 9 r n soluble in alco- 
 2C0 2 ^ ^ ^^ 
 
 (Cahours, Ann. 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 107 
 
 CARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF METHYL. Its 
 C 4 Hg B = C 4 H s 0, C 2 H 8 0, 2 C 2 properties are for 
 
 the most part 
 
 similar to those of carbonate of ethyl. (Chancel, 
 Ann. C/i. et Phys., (3.) 35. 467.) 
 
 CARBONATE OP ETHYL & OF POTASH. De- 
 
 (Et/iyl Carbonate of Potash.) composed bv wa- 
 
 C 6 H 5 K0 6 = C 4 H 3 0, K 0,2 CO, ter H Soluble i n a b- 
 solute alcohol. Insoluble in anhydrous ether. 
 (Duraas & Peligot.) 
 
 CARBONATE OP ETHYLAMIIT. 
 a = anhydmus. Soluble in water. (A. Wurtz, 
 C 4 H 7 N, 2 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 483.) 
 b = hydrated. Very deliquescent. 
 
 CARBONATE OF fefraETHYLAMMONiuM. Not 
 deliquescent. Very soluble in water. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol (Bruening.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF ETHYL chlore. Vid. Carbonate 
 of ChlorEthyl. 
 
 CARBONATE OP ETHYL]\!ETHYLCONIIN. Deli- 
 quescent. Readily soluble in water, (v. Planta 
 & Kekule', Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 139.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Par- 
 tially soluble, and partially insoluble in water. 
 
 ^CARBONATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Per- 
 c H 21 (C 4 H 5 ) N 2 4 , 2 H O, 2 C 2 manent. Readily 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble in absolute alcohol ; less soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 CARBONATE OF GLUCINA. Not perceptibly 
 G1 2 O 3 , C Oj + 5 Aq soluble in water, or in carbonic 
 acid water. Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of ammoniacal salts and of the caustic 
 alkalies. Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the alkaline carbonates, and especially of carbon- 
 ate of ammonia. (Vauquelin.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of carbonate of potash ; 
 if the latter be concentrated, but little glucina will 
 be precipitated from it on boiling; a larger portion 
 will be thrown down if the solution is diluted with 
 water, and then boiled. A solution of bicarbonate 
 of potash behaves in a similar manner, as does also 
 a solution of carbonate of ammonia, excepting 
 that the latter dissolves the carbonate of glucina 
 more readily than the others. On boiling the so- 
 lution in carbonate of ammonia a basic carbonate 
 of glucina is precipitated. Easily soluble in acids. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF GLUCINA & OF POTASH. Hy- 
 G1 2 8 , C0 2 ; KO, C0 2 groscopic. Very soluble in 
 cold water. Less easily sol- 
 uble in spirit. The aqueous solution is decom- 
 posedjby boiling. (Debray, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 44. 32.) 
 
 .BICARBONATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 CARBONATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 a = anhydrous. As it occurs in nature it is but 
 Fe 0, C 2 slowly soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 It appears to be insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of chloride of ammonium and nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) 
 
 6 = hydrated. Slightly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 
 Fe 0, C 2 -f Aq zelius, Lehrb. ) Easily soluble, with 
 
 decomposition, in acids. Soluble 
 
 in carbonic acid water. Also soluble in an aqueous 
 
 solution of cane-sugar. 
 
 Readily soluble in an aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. (H.Rose, TV.) Fromaweak 
 solution in carbonic acid water it is precipitated by 
 
 caustic, but not by carbonated, alkalies. (Berg- 
 man, Essays, 1.49.) Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the salts of sesquioxide of iron, with evolution 
 of carbonic acid and precipitation of sesquioxide 
 of iron. [Compare Carbonate of Lime.] (Fuchs, 
 Schweigger'sJourn.fur Ch.u. Phys., 1831, 62. 194.) 
 
 CARBONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Has but a 
 Fe 2 3 , 3 C 2 momentary existence as a precipi- 
 tate, which falls, and then decom- 
 poses, when solutions of the salts of sesquioxide of 
 iron are mixed with those of the alkaline carbon- 
 ates. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 On adding a solution of carbonate of potash or 
 of soda to a solution of a salt of sesquioxide of iron 
 a mixture of hydrate and carbonate of the sesqui- 
 oxide is precipitated, but a portion of iron always 
 remains in solution, and tends to separate out from 
 the clear filtrate when this is left to itself. In some 
 cases, especially when the solution of the iron salt 
 contains much free acid, the whole of it may re- 
 main dissolved in an excess of the alkaline car- 
 bonate. With the alkaline bicarbonates the action 
 is much the same though the iron is more easily 
 retained in solution by them than by the former ; 
 and after having once been precipitated the ses- 
 quioxide of iron may be redissolved in a very 
 large excess of a solution of the alkaline bicarbon- 
 ate. The best way of obtaining such a solution is 
 to add, drop by drop, a dilute solution of the iron 
 salt to the solution of the alkaline bicarbonate 
 which is kept constantly agitated. After some 
 time the solution thus obtained deposits almost all 
 of its iron as hydrated sesquioxide. A solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia behaves like that of carbon- 
 ate of potash ; in proportion as it contains more 
 carbonic acid so much the more iron remains dis- 
 solved in it. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 CARBONATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF MAG- 
 FeO, C0 2 ; MgO, C0 2 N E8IA. 
 
 CARBONATE OF LANTHANUM. Insoluble in 
 in water. 
 
 CARBONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) mono. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 Pb 0, C 2 When recently precipitated, 1 pt. of it is 
 soluble in 50551 pts. of water at ordinary 
 temperatures, and in 23450 pts. of water containing 
 a small quantity of acetate of ammonia plus carbon- 
 ateof ammoniaand causrfc ammonia ; and in asmall- 
 er quantity of water containing much nitrate of am- 
 monia plus carbonate of ammonia and caustic am- 
 monia. (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846,59. 
 125.) Soluble in 7144 pts of a saturated aqueous so- 
 lution of carbonic acid. (Lassaigne,,/. Ch. J\Ie"d., 4. 
 312 ; in Berselius's Jahresbericht, 29. 132.) Carbonic 
 acid water can dissolve 6 * ft (a) 50 ^ o6 of oxide of 
 lead. (Yorke.) Insoluble in carbonic acid water- 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 55 ; Fr. Jahn, Ann. Pharm., 
 28. 117.) Very slightly soluble in carbonic add 
 water, but the presence of traces of various salts 
 prevents this solution. (Tiinnermann ) Soluble 
 in carbonic acid water. (Wetzlar.) Easily solu- 
 ble in acetic acid. 
 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of acetate of am- 
 monia at 18.8 (a) 25 ; and chloride of ammonium 
 at 12.5 < 25. (Weppen, Arch. d. Pharm., (2.) 
 9. 236: in J. pr. Ch., 1837, 11. pp. 181, 183.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 Not absolutely insoluble at the ordinary tempera- 
 ture in an excess of a solution of carbonate of 
 potash or of soda, and at the temperature of ebulli- 
 tion still more of it is dissolved ; but an excess 
 of carbonate of ammonia or of the alkaline bi- 
 carbonates does not dissolve the least trace of it. 
 
108 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 (II. Rose, TV.) It is not decomposed by ammo- 
 nia-water, but dissolves in aqueous solutions of 
 caustic potash, and soda. Decomposed by a boil- 
 ing aqueous solution of nitrate of lime. (Berze- 
 lius's Le/irb.) Soluble in aqueons solutions of the 
 acetates. (Mercer, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1844, p. 32.) 
 It is not precipitated from solutions which contain 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) About equally solu- 
 ble with sulphate of lead in water ; but is much 
 less soluble in alkaline solutions than the sulphate. 
 (Dulong, Ann. de Chim., 82. 290.) Normal car- 
 bonate of lead, as thrown down by an alkaline 
 bicarbonate, is not decomposed by an aqueous 
 solution of sulphate of potash. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 Only slightly decomposed by aqueous solutions 
 of the sulphates of potash and soda. (Persoz, 
 Chim. Mole'c., p. 385.) Not at all decomposed by 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline sulphates. (Mala- 
 guti, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 51. 347.) Carbon- 
 ate of lead is partially decomposed when boiled 
 with aqueous solutions of the sulphates of potash 
 soda, lime, ammonia, and magnesia ; the phos 
 phates of soda and ammonia ; the sulphites o 
 potash, soda, and ammonia ; the phosphites o 
 * potash, soda, and ammonia ; borate of soda ; th 
 arseniates of potash and soda ; the oxalates o 
 potash and ammonia ; fluoride of sodium ; an< 
 chromate of potash (even at a. temperature of 10 
 1 5). With the ammonia salts the decomposition 
 is complete. (Dulong, loc. tit., p. 286.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium 
 especially when this is heated ( Brett, Phil. Mag. 
 1837, (3.) 10. 96), a free evolution of ammonia 
 occurring when the mixture is boiled. (L. Thomp 
 so*n, Ibid., p. 179.) An excess of caustic ammo 
 nia precipitates all the lead from this solution 
 (Brett, Ibid., p. 99.) Slowly soluble in a boiling 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium ; or 
 diluting with water the solution thus obtained, it 
 becomes cloudy, but clears up again when re- 
 heated. (H. Rose, TV.) When an equivalent of 
 carbonate of lead is boiled with an equivalent ol 
 oxalate of potash, in aqueous solution, 0.15 of il 
 may be decomposed. While, on the other hand, 
 when an equivalent of oxalate of lead is boiled 
 with one of carbonate of potash, 0.9328 of it may 
 be decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 51. pp. 348-353.) Carbonate of lead is not 
 decomposed by concentrated nitric acid, most 
 probably because nitrate *of lead is insoluble in 
 nitric acid ; nor by a mixture of 1 pt. of oil of 
 vitriol and 6 pts. of absolute alcohol, nor by alco- 
 holic solutions of racemic or tartaric acids. 
 
 II.) sesquicarbonate. Soluble in carbonic acid- 
 
 (Wkite Lead.) 
 
 3 Pb 0, 2 C O z , + H 
 
 water, and in alkaline solu- 
 
 tions. (Schubarth's Tech. 
 Chern.) Soluble in dilute, 
 insoluble in concentrated, potash-lye. Insoluble 
 in solutions of the alkaline carbonates, and bicar- 
 bonates. (Bcettger.) Soluble in a cold dilute 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (Brett.) 
 III.) dicarbonate. Water dissolves only a trace 
 
 2PbO,C0 2 + Aq of it. (Yorke.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF LEAD & OF LIME. 
 
 CARBONATE OF LEAD & OF SODA. Insoluble 
 Na 0, C 2 ; 4 (Pb 0, C 2 ) i n water. ( Svanberg. ) 
 
 CARBONATE OF LEAD with CHLORIDE OF 
 PbO,CO.,;PbCl LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CARBONATE OF LEAD with IODIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 PbO,C0 2 ;pbI Insoluble in water. (Poggiale.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF LEAD with SULPHATE OF LEAD 
 
 -r \ (LeaMllite.) 
 
 *V 3 (Pb 0, C 2 ) ; Pb 0, S 3 
 
 TT v (Lanarklte.) 
 
 "v Pb(),C0 2 ; PbO, S0 3 
 
 CARBONATE OF LIME. Permanent. More 
 a = Ca 0, C 2 readily soluble in cold than in hot 
 water. (In Gm.) When recently 
 precipitated it is soluble in 8834 pts. of boiling, 
 and in 10601 pts. of cold water; it is much less 
 soluble in water containing ammonia and carbon- 
 ate of ammonia, 65246 pts. of such a solution 
 having been required to dissolve 1 pt. of carbonate 
 of lime. (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 
 59. 122.) Soluble in 16000 pts. of pure water. 
 (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ.fdr Ch.u. Phys., 1825, 
 43.156; Margue'ritte, C. R., 38. 308); in 12858 
 pts. of water at 15 (Kremers, Pogg.Amt., 85. 247) ; 
 in 16000 24000 pts. of water. (Bucholz, cited 
 by Couste.) 
 
 A litre of pure water may contain about 0.016 
 grm. of carbonate of lime, i. e. 1 pt. of it is soluble 
 in 62500 pts. of water. This result Bineau 
 esteems as being most trustworthy, though ad- 
 mitting that the results of his experiments have 
 afforded extremely discordant numbers, owing to 
 the action of the glass of his vessels and to the 
 carbonic acid of the air (the latter having vitiated 
 his earlier published results, as " carbonate of lime 
 is soluble in from 35000 to 50000 pts. of water, 
 the solubility not differing much whether the water 
 be hot or cold"). (Bineau, C. R., 41. 510.) Ac- 
 cording to Bineau, Peligot's determinations give 
 0.02 grm. of carbonate of lime to the litre of wa- 
 ter, i.e. 1 pt. of it is soluble in 50000 pts. of water. 
 The solubility of carbonate of lime experiences 
 no marked increase when the temperature is ele- 
 vated to 100. (Bineau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 51. pp 291, 292.) Malaguti appears to be in 
 error ip citing " the solubility of carbonate of lime 
 
 a ^ ter Bineau." (Ibid., p. 346.) 
 Alcohol dissolves a trace of it. (Grischow.) 
 Like sulphate of lime, the carbonate is less sol- 
 uble in hot than in cold water : it is, however, 
 much less soluble than the sulphate at tempera- 
 tures but little above 100, and its solubility de- 
 creases less rapidly than that of the sulphate as 
 the temperature increases, a point being finally 
 reached at which the sulphate is less soluble than 
 the carbonate. But, like the sulphate, it becomes 
 less and less soluble as the temperature is elevated, 
 and at 150 may be regarded as completely insol- 
 uble, or at least as insoluble as the oxalate. The 
 precipitate thus formed at 150 does not redissolve 
 in the water after it has become cold (when pro- 
 tected from carbonic acid), or only dissolves very 
 slowly. On mixing recently precipitated carbon- 
 ate of lime with an aqueous solution of sulphate 
 of ammonia, or of the sulphates of soda, potash, 
 or magnesia, and heating the mixture to 130 @ 
 140 in a sealed tube, crystals of sulphate of lime 
 separate out, and the liquid becomes alkaline. 
 (Couste, Ann. des Mines, 1854, (5.) 5. pp. 144, 
 140, 81, 1.39.) 
 
 Carbonate of lime, especially when recently 
 precipitated, is soluble in a cold aqueous solution 
 of chloride of amm6nium ; the clear solution ob- 
 iained by thus dissolving precipitated carbonate of 
 ime soon becomes cloudy on exposure to the air, 
 a portion of the carbonate of lime being reprecipi- 
 tated, but a portion of the carbonate still remains 
 dissolved, and cannot be separated from the nitrate 
 ven onsboiling. If precipitated carbonate of lime 
 >e thoroughly washed, and then left to itself for 24 
 lours, it is no longer so easily soluble in the chlo- 
 ride of ammonium as was the case at the first 
 moment of its production, and even when the 
 >recipitate is not washed, but merely allowed to 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 109 
 
 stand beneath the liquid in which it was produced, 
 its solubility in chloride of ammonium, though 
 not destroyed, is still much less than at first. Even 
 the compact carbonate of lime which occurs in 
 nature is not entirely insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium; it is much less 
 soluble, however, than carbonate of magnesia. 
 This solubility appears to depend upon a partial 
 decomposition of the carbonate of lime by the 
 ammonia-salt [i. e. it is a case of reciprocal affin- 
 ity]- (Vogel, J. pr. Ch., 1836, 7. 453.) Soluble 
 in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium, ammonia being evolved meanwhile. 
 (Fuchs ; Demar9ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 
 251.) 
 
 When a solution of ammonia incompletely sat- 
 urated with carbonic acid is mixed with a solution 
 of chloride of calcium no precipitate ensues even 
 after the lapse of several days when the mixture 
 is kept in a closed vessel and frequently agitated, 
 and only a slight precipitate occurs during this 
 time when the mixture is exposed to the air, but 
 as soon as the mixture is boiled a considerable 
 precipitate of carbonate of lime separates out. 
 Solutions of ammonia saturated or nearly sat- 
 urated with carbonic acid generally produce pre- 
 cipitates when mixed with the chloride of calcium, 
 but the precipitation is never complete unless the 
 solutions are heated. Moreover, when an excess 
 of the solution of chloride of calcium is added to 
 a solution of crystallized carbonate of ammonia 
 only a portion of the carbonate of lime is precipi- 
 tated unless the mixture is boiled. (Vogel, Ann. 
 de Ckim., 1814, 89. pp. 122, 128-130; also 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1821, 33. 
 205.) When a mixed solution of chloride of cal- 
 cium and of caustic ammonia is exposed to an 
 atmosphere of pure carbonic acid, no precipitate 
 appears until after the lapse of several hours and 
 the absorption of much carbonic acid ; and the 
 lime is completely precipitated only after the 
 lapse of several days. (Vogel, Schweigger's Journ. 
 fur Ch. u. Phys., 33. 206.) When recently pre- 
 cipitated it is readily soluble in cold aqueous solu- 
 tions of chloride of ammonium and nitrate of am- 
 monia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 95.) 
 Soluble, when recently precipitated, in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (Wacken- 
 roder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 315.) When 
 recently precipitated it is readily soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, or 
 succinate of ammonia and of chloride of ammo- 
 nium. (Wittstein, Rept., 57. 18 [Gm.].) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of acetate of ammonia. (T. 
 Thomson, in his System of Chem., London, 1831, 
 2. 395.) Rapidly decomposed and dissolved when 
 boiled with solutions of ammoniacal salts. (Den- 
 ham Smith, Phil. Mag., 9. 542.) An aqueous 
 solution of sulphate of potash, or of chloride of 
 potassium, etc., on being poured into lime-water 
 which has been rendered milky by the addition of 
 carbonic acid water, causes the immediate disap- 
 pearance of the precipitate. In like manner there 
 will be no precipitate produced when carbonic 
 acid water is poured into a mixture of lime-water 
 and a solution of these neutral salts. (Guyton de 
 Morveau, Mt'm. de Scheele, part II., p. 18 (note), 
 cited by Berthollet, Ann. de Chim., 37. 178 (note).) 
 More soluble in solutions of chloride of ammonium 
 or nitrate of ammonia than in water, but is repre- 
 cipitated, even more completely than carbonate of 
 baryta, when ammonia and carbonate of ammonia 
 are added. It is also more readily soluble in so- 
 lutions of neutral potash and soda salts than in 
 water. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 128.) When caus- 
 
 tic ammonia which has been partially neutralized 
 with carbonic acid is mixed with lime-water, no 
 cloudiness appears unless the mixture is boiled; 
 with ammonia which has been more nearly neu- 
 tralized with carbonic acid, a precipitate is formed 
 at first, but disappears again immediately, and a 
 great deal of lime-water must be added before a 
 persistent precipitate is obtained. Yet it does not 
 appear that caustic ammonia can itself dissolve 
 carbonate of lime which has once been precipi- 
 tated, at least no such action could be perceived 
 on making the experiment. Again, no precipitate 
 was formed when a current of carbonic acid gas 
 was passed into caustic ammonia which had been 
 mixed with three times its volume of lime-water, 
 until the mixture was heated. Potash cannot be 
 substituted for ammonia in these experiments. 
 (Vogel, Ann.de Chim., 1814, 89. pp. 130-132; 
 also Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1821, 33. 
 pp. 208, 209.) It is not precipitated when solu- 
 tions of carbonate of soda and of chloride of cal- 
 cium containing no more than 1 pt. of either of 
 these salts in 6000 @ 7000 pts. of water are mixed, 
 not even when these solutions are boiled. (R. 
 Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 1825,43.156.) 
 
 " Lime-water has the property of dissolving a 
 little carbonate of lime, of which one can assure 
 himself by blowing into it with a tube ; the air 
 expired produces a cloud which redissolves en- 
 tirely, until the lime-water is saturated with the 
 carbonate of lime which has been formed." (Wel- 
 ter & Berthollet, Ann. de Chim., 1789, 3. 68.) 
 Lime-water from which a portion of the lime has 
 been precipitated by carbonic acid, but which still 
 exhibits an alkaline reaction, is capable of retain- 
 ing a certain amount of carbonate of lime in solu- 
 tion at the ordinary temperature ; this is precipi- 
 tated on boiling. (Vogel, Schweigger's Journ. fur 
 Ch. u. Phys., 33. 207, (1821) ; also Ann. de Chim., 
 1814, 89. 132.) When diluted with several times 
 its volume of water, lime-water ceases to afford an 
 immediate precipitate when carbonic acid gas is 
 passed through it. A precipitate generally forms 
 on boiling, but if the lime-water be much diluted 
 no precipitate will occur, even on actual ebullition, 
 although solutions of the alkaline carbonates pro- 
 duce at once precipitates. If to the lime-water in 
 which carbonic acid gas produced no precipitate 
 even after boiling, a dilute solution of caustic 
 soda, ammonia, or lime be added, and the mixture 
 heated, a precipitate of carbonate of lime will be 
 formed. Even saturated lime-water is capable of 
 retaining a portion of carbonic acid in solution 
 for a considerable time if the solution is not 
 heated, as is easily proved by passing carbonic 
 acid into lime-water until it is partially saturated, 
 when on filtering and boiling the clear filtrate an 
 abundant precipitate of carbonate of lime is 
 formed. I have noticed that lime-water which has 
 been exposed to the air, as when kept in bottles 
 with loosely fitting stoppers, affords an abundant 
 precipitate of carbonate of lime on boiling, but if 
 that which has been thus exposed be afterwards 
 placed in a securely closed bottle it will deposit 
 after a few days all the carbonate of lime which it 
 had previously retained in solution, and will no 
 longer afford any precipitate of it on boiling. 
 (Storer, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 25. 42 ; Eliot & Storer, 
 Proc. Amer. Acad., 1860, 5. 63.) Lime-water 
 mixed with a dilute solution of caustic soda, pot- 
 ash, or ammonia gives no immediate precipitate 
 when carbonic acid gas is passed into it, unless 
 the solution is boiled. [Compare Bineau's ob- 
 servations on the stability of dilute solutions of 
 
110 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 the carbonates of the alkaline earths in carbonic 
 acid-water, Art. Carbonic Acid.] 
 
 Besides solutions of ammonia and potash salts, 
 solutions of soda salts are capable of dissolving 
 carbonate of lime. (Berthollet, Ann. de Chim.,37. 
 pp. 178, 179.) They appear to stand midway in 
 this respect between those of ammonia and of pot- 
 ash. Even a solution of chloride of calcium ex- 
 erts a certain solvent power upon recently precip- 
 itated carbonate of lime. This solvent action may 
 be seen by treating the recently precipitated car- 
 bonate with a great excess of a solution of almost 
 any alkaline salt, but is observed more distinctly 
 in the great tendency of the alkaline salts to pre- 
 vent the precipitation of the carbonate. Thus, if 
 lime-water be mixed with an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium, chloride of sodium or 
 chloride of potassium, and a current of carbonic 
 acid gas be passed into the mixture no precipitate 
 is produced, even on boiling, if the alkaline chlo- 
 ride be present in sufficient quantity. If less of 
 the alkaline chloride has been used, there will be a 
 precipitate formed on boiling, although none has 
 occurred in the cold. Chloride of calcium -exerts 
 an action entirely analogous to that of the alka- 
 line chlorides, though, so far as I have observed, a 
 precipitate always forms on boiling. A solution 
 of sulphate of ammonia or of sulphate of soda, 
 when mixed with lime-water, exerts an influence 
 almost precisely like that of the alkaline chlorides, 
 carbonate of lime not being precipitated, even on 
 boiling, if they are present in sufficient quantity. 
 A solution of sulphate or nitrate of potash behaves 
 much like that of sulphate of soda, but its influ- 
 ence is less strongly marked. The solvent influ- 
 ence of the alkaline salts can be observed with equal 
 facility by mixing their solution with that of an al- 
 kaline carbonate and adding a solution of a lime 
 salt to the mixture. Thus, a solution of chloride 
 of calcium produces no precipitate, except on boil- 
 ing, when added to a mixed solution of carbonate 
 of soda and sulphate of soda, excepting when the 
 carbonate is in excess. In this experiment the 
 sulphate of soda may be replaced by any of the 
 alkaline sulphates or chlorides. The most remark- 
 able solvent action which I have noticed is seen in 
 the inability of the alkaline carbonates to precipi- 
 tate lime from its solutions, when they are added 
 in great excess. That such solvent power exists 
 may be proved by precipitating a small quantity 
 of a salt of lime with carbonate of ammonia and 
 then redissolving the precipitate in a very great 
 excess of the precipitant. But a much more satis- 
 factory proof may be obtained by adding quickly 
 a large excess of the solution of the alkaline car- 
 bonate to a small portion of a dilute solution of a 
 lime or baryta salt ; so quickly that the precipi- 
 tate may not have sufficient time to form. This 
 is readily accomplished by swinging rapidly the 
 vessel containing the solution of the lime or baryta 
 salt and suddenly turning into it the solution of 
 the alkaline carbonate. If the solutions have been 
 used in proper proportion, no trace of a precipitate 
 will appear, owing to the complete mixture ob- 
 tained by this method of experimenting, although 
 a fractional amount of the lime salt used would 
 have produced a persistent precipitate had it been 
 slowly added. By using the same portion of the 
 solution of the alkaline carbonate upon successive 
 small portions of that of the lime salt no inconsid- 
 erable amount of the latter may be finally obtained 
 in solution. As a rule, this solution is precipitated 
 at once on boiling, but if it be diluted with a large 
 quantity of water, ebullition no longer produces 
 any precipitate. In one instance, such a solution 
 
 left in repose during twenty-four hours afforded 
 no precipitate, although oxalate of ammonia when 
 added to it produced a copious precipitate of ox- 
 alate of lime. As would follow from the facts 
 given above, carbonic acid gas frequently affords 
 no immediate precipitate in the cold in solutions 
 of lime salts which have been neutralized by am- 
 monia, as has been repeatedly observed. I find 
 that a weak solution of caustic soda, potash, or 
 even lime, may be substituted for caustic ammonia 
 in the above mixture with like result, no precipi- 
 tate appearing until after the lapse of considerable 
 time unless the solution be heated. The action of 
 the fixed alkali being, to all appearance, entirely 
 analogous, in kind, to that of ammonia, although 
 less in degree.* 
 
 To demonstrate this it is only necessary to em- 
 ploy sufficiently dilute solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies and to pass through the mixture a stream 
 of carbonic acid gas diluted with air, air expired 
 from the lungs, for example, when no immediate 
 precipitate will be produced unless the solution be 
 heated. Even if the solution of caustic alkali be 
 used in so concentrated a form (not sufficiently so, 
 however, to precipitate a hydrate of the alkaline 
 earth) that a precipitate of carbonate of lime is 
 produced, in the cold, by a current of carbonic acid, 
 it can readily be proved that a portion of the car- 
 bonic acid has not been precipitated, by filtering and 
 boiling the clear filtrate, when a copious precipi- 
 tate of carbonate of lime will be produced at once. 
 This behavior is more marked with lime salts than 
 with those of baryta, and soda evidently exerts a 
 greater influence than potash. If a solution of 
 chloride of sodium, of chloride of potassium, or of 
 chloride of ammonium be added to the mixed so- 
 lution before passing carbonic acid gas, the precipi- 
 tation of the carbonate of lime or baryta is attended 
 with still greater difficulty. As a rule, carbonate 
 of lime appears to be more easily dissolved by so- 
 lutions of the alkaline salts than carbonate of 
 baryta. (Storer, , Am. J. Sci., 1858, (2.) 25.41.) 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride 
 of magnesium, even when this is very dilute, much 
 carbonic acid being meanwhile evolved, and some 
 flocks of magnesia separating out. (Couste', Ann. 
 des Mines, 1854, (5.) 5. 137.) In sea-water, near 
 limestone coasts, it is found dissolved in about 
 10000 pts. water. (J.Davy.) Soluble in a solution 
 of normal citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Soluble in a 
 solution of sucrateof lime. (Barreswil.) Soluble in 
 carbonic acid water. (Bergman, Essays, 1, 34.) 
 Soluble at in 1428 pts. of water saturated with 
 carbonic acid; at 10 in 1136 pts. (Lassaigne, 
 J. Ch. Mid., 4. 312; in Berze/ius's J. B., 29. 
 132.) The intensity of the power by which CO 2 
 dissolves carbonate of lime is far from being in 
 
 * Kolbe (Handwcerterbuch der Chem., I., Supplem., p. 
 157) explains this behavior of the solution of chloride of 
 calcium or barium neutralized with ammonia, by suppos- 
 ing that carbamate of ammonia, N H, 0, C { ., /-, 
 
 I ^**2 "2* 
 
 is formed, capable of existing for some time in cold aqueous 
 solution, but not of supporting heat, on application of 
 which it is transformed into ordinary carbonate of ammonia, 
 which reacts at once on the lime or baryta salt present. 
 The insufficiency of this view to explain all the facts in the 
 case is evident : (1.) In presence of an excess of chloride 
 of ammonium, carbonic acid produces no precipitate in 
 the mixed solution of chloride of calcium and ammonia, 
 even when the mixture is bailed. (2.) When a large excess 
 of any alkaline carbonate is added to a small amount of a 
 solution of a salt of lime or of baryta, no immediate pre- 
 cipitate is produced unless the solution be heated. (3.) A 
 current of carbonic acid gas produces no immediate pre- 
 cipitate in a solution of chloride of calcium or chloride of 
 barium which has been neutralized with a dilute solution 
 of caustic soda or potash instead of ammonia. 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 direct proportion with the quantity of gas dis- 
 solved, and if the amount of the latter is progres- 
 sively elevated the increased solubility of the salt 
 will become less and less manifest until at last it 
 may be no longer perceived. Carbonic acid wa- 
 ters containing i^op" f carbonate of lime will 
 not deposit any of it at ordinary temperatures 
 when exposed to the air. (Bincau, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 51. 290.) Bineau, by operating in 
 presence of large quantities of water, was not able 
 to retain dissolved by carbonic acid more than -f 
 the quantity of carbonate of lime necessary to 
 make a bicarbonate. 
 
 In order that a solution of carbonate of soda 
 shall produce a sensible precipitate in lime-water, 
 the proportion of lime-water must not exceed 
 20000 pts. to 1 pt. of carbonic acid. (Lassaigne.) 
 Carbonate of lime is not decomposed when boiled 
 with aqueous solutions of the sulphates of potash, 
 soda, lime, or magnesia, or of borate of soda ; 
 but it is partially decomposed when boiled with 
 solutions of sulphate of ammonia ; the phosphates 
 of soda and ammonia; the sulphites of potash, 
 soda, and ammonia ; the phosphites of potash, 
 soda, and ammonia; arseniate of potash, and 
 of soda ; oxalate of potash, and of ammonia ; 
 fluoride of sodium, and chromate of potash. With 
 the ammonia salts the decomposition is complete. 
 (Dulong, Ann. de Chim., 82. 286.) Not at all 
 decomposed by aqueous solutions of the alkaline 
 sulphates. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 
 348.) When one equivalent of carbonate of lime 
 is boiled with an equivalent of oxalate of potash, 
 in aqueous solution, 0.23 of it may be decomposed ; 
 when boiled with an equivalent of oxalate of 
 soda 0.18 of it may be decomposed. While, on 
 the other hand, when an equivalent of oxalate 
 of lime is boiled with one of carbonate of potash, 
 0.7944 may be decomposed, and with an equiv- 
 alent of carbonate of soda 0.85 of it may be 
 decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 51. 348.) One equivalent of CaO, C O 2 boiled 
 with an equivalent of 2 Na O, H O, P OB may be 
 decomposed to the extent of 3921. (Malaguti, 
 Ann. Ch. ft Phys., (3.) 51. 335.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of the chlorhydrate or nitrate [or 
 any salt (Demarcay)] of sesquioxide of iron, 
 slowly at the ordinary temperature, more rapidly 
 when the solution is heated, with evolution of car- 
 bonic acid, and, after a considerable amount of the 
 carbonate has been dissolved, precipitation of ses- 
 quioxide of iron [as a basic salt (rDcmarcay)]. 
 (Fuchs, Schweiyger' s Journ. Jiir Ch. u. Phys., 1831, 
 62. pp. 184, 187, 188, 191 ; compare Dema^ay, 
 Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 242.) Also soluble in 
 the chlorhydrates and nitrates of the sesquioxides 
 of alumina, manganese, chromium, and uranium, 
 with separation of the several oxides. [As basic 
 salts.] (Fuchs, Ibid., pp. 190,191.) A solution 
 of protochloride of iron, on the other hand, is not 
 thus precipitated by carbonate of lime, except at a 
 boiling heat, and even then only slowly (Fuchs, 
 Ibid., pp. 185, 188) ; and in general the protoxides, 
 as Mg O, Ni 0, Mn 0, Zn 0, &c., are not precipi- 
 tated by it. (Fuchs, Ibid., pp. 190-192.) But 
 much depends upon the temperature at which one 
 operates and upon the acid with which the me- 
 tallic oxide is combined. Thus at a boiling heat 
 carbonate of lime is dissolved by aqueous solu- 
 tions of the chlorides and nitrates of cobalt, nickel, 
 zinc, manganese, and copper, these salts being 
 completely decomposed with precipitation of their 
 oxides. The precipitation of the oxides of nickel, 
 cobalt, manganese, and copper, may even be 
 effected at any temperature above 60. (Demar- 
 
 9ay, foe. cit., pp. 249-251.) It is soluble to a 
 certain extent in the salts of those bases which 
 tend to form insoluble basic salts : thus chloride of 
 copper is decomposed by it with separation of a 
 basic salt. (Fuchs, loc. cit., p. 191.) Soluble 
 even in the cold in a solution of bichloride of tin, 
 with effervescence and precipitation of binoxide of 
 tin. (H. Bom, TV.) 
 
 Carbonate of lime, even the native mineral, is 
 easily soluble in sulphurous acid. (Berthier, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 75.) Soluble in acids gen- 
 erally. When treated with an acid in a closed 
 vessel, effervescence soon ceases as the pressure 
 increases, but the action of the acid is at once 
 renewed on opening the vessel. (Bergman, Es- 
 says,].. 9; Link, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1814, 
 47. 34.) Unacted upon by concentrated nitric 
 acid, even when this is boiling, most probably 
 because nitrate of lime is insoluble in strong nitric 
 acid ; nor is it decomposed by a mixture of 1 pt. 
 oil of vitriol and 6 pts. of absolute alcohol, but is 
 immediately decomposed by a mixture of nitric 
 acid and absolute alcohol. It is not decomposed 
 by absolute alcoholic solutions of oxalic, racemic, 
 tartaric, citric, or glacial acetic acids. Unacted 
 upon by glacial acetic acid, even when this is 
 boiling. 
 
 6 = Ca 0, C Ojj + 5 Aq Permanent at temperatures 
 below 20, both in the air 
 and under water. Insoluble in water. When 
 heated to 30 either in the air, in water, or in 
 ether, it loses its water completely, but in alcohol 
 it behaves quite differently. In boiling anhydrous 
 alcohol the salt becomes cloudy and parts with 
 2 equivalents of its water, and the milk-white 
 crystals (Ca 0, C 2 + 3 Aq) on being removed 
 from the alcohol and exposed to the air lose their 
 water more readily than the original 5 hydrated 
 salt, so that they cannot be heated with safety 
 above 10. (Pelouze, in Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Ca 0, 2 C 2 is boiled 
 with an equivalent of 2 K O, H 0, P O , in aqueous 
 solution, 0.4 1 of it may be decomposed ; when boiled 
 with an equivalent of 2 Na 0, H O, P O 5 , 0.39 of it 
 may be decomposed. While, on the other hand, 
 when an equivalent of 2 Ca 0, H O, P O 5 is boiled 
 with an equivalent of K 0, 2 C O 2 , 0.3323 of it 
 may be decomposed, or with an equivalent of 
 Na 0, 2 C O 2 , 0.2536 of it may be decomposed. 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. pp. 348- 
 354.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF LIMK & OF MAGNESIA. Not 
 (Bitter spar. Dolomite.) so readily soluble in car- 
 bonic acid water as carbon- 
 ate of lime. Unacted upon by cold, decomposed 
 by boiling acetic acid. 
 
 CARBONATE OF LIME & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Decomposed by water. 
 Ca 0, C 2 ; Na 0, C O 2 
 
 II. ) Ca 0, C 2 ; Na 0, C 2 + 5 Aq Sparingly sol- 
 uble, without decomposition, in water. 
 
 CARBONATE OF LIME & of sesquioxide OF 
 CaO, C0 2 ; Ur s O s , C0 2 + 2Aq URANIUM. Soluble, 
 with decomposition, 
 in chlorhydric acid. (3. L. Smith.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF LIME with CHLORIDE OF 
 
 Ca 0, C 2 ; Ca 01 CALCIUM. Decomposed by water. 
 
 (Ann. der Pharm., 12. 221, note.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF LIME with HYDRATE OF LIME. 
 CaO, CO 3 ; CaO, HO 
 
 CARBONATE OF LITHIA. Very difficultly sol- 
 Li 0, C0 a uble in water; but more readily in hot 
 than in cold. 
 
112 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 Soluble in about 100 pts. of cold, more soluble 
 in hot water. (Mitscherlich.) Soluble in 120 pts. 
 of cold water. (Wittstein's Ilandw.) \ pt. of the 
 anhydrous salt is soluble in 150.24 pts. of water 
 at 100. The saturated aqueous solution boils at 
 100. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 1 pt. of 
 the anhydrous salt is soluble in 130 pts. of water 
 at 13, and in 128.5 pts. of water at 102. The sat- 
 urated solution boils at 102. "This statement is 
 preferable to the previous one." (Kremers, Pogg. 
 Ann., 99. pp. 43, 48.) 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 1.2 pts. of carbonate of lithia. This solubility is 
 nearly the same at all temperatures. It is much 
 more soluble in a solution of carbonic acid water: 
 100 pts. of water saturated with carbonic acid 
 dissolve 5.25 pts. of carbonate of lithia. It is also 
 soluble in solutions of ammoniacal salts. (Troost, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 129.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (C. Gmelin.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF LUTEC-COBALT. 
 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in hot water. Also 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , 3 C 2 + 7 Aq soluble in cold water. 
 
 II.) acid. Less soluble than the normal salt 
 6NH, . Co. O s . 3 C 0. ; HO, C 2 + 5 Aq in .water. 
 
 (Gibbs & 
 Genth, Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a Mg 0, C 2 (anhydrous.) When in the crystalline 
 
 (Magnetite.) state it is but feebly 
 
 acted upon by weak 
 
 acids. (Senarmont.) Powdered magnesite may 
 even be treated with warm concentrated chlorhy- 
 dric acid without any noticeable evolution of car- 
 bonic acid. In order to dissolve the powder it 
 must be boiled for a long time with chlorhydric 
 acid or with dilute sulphuric acid. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 444.) Soluble in 5071 pts. of water at 
 15. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 85. 247.) "Car- 
 bonate of magnesia " is soluble in 2504 pts. of 
 cold water. (Fourcroy, cited in Ann. de Chim., 
 28. 290.) 
 
 6 = MgO, C0 2 -f-3 Aq Permanent. Soluble in 48 
 pts. of water, but is decom- 
 posed by a larger quantity of water. (Fourcroy.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 2 pts. of car- 
 bonate of magnesia. (Ure's Diet.) In another 
 place Ure speaks of it as being "very slightly 
 soluble " in water, and of the native carbonate as 
 " insoluble." When treated with cold water it is 
 decomposed to an insoluble basic and a soluble 
 acid salt. (Berzelius.) Water does not decom- 
 pose it. (Fritzsche.) It is not decomposed by 
 water, even when this is boiling. (Deville, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 89.) Cold water has a 
 tendency to decompose it into an insoluble sub- 
 salt and a soluble acid salt. It is only when a 
 large amount of liquid, in proportion to the car- 
 bonate of magnesia, is present that the salt can 
 dissolve integrally. It is no longer precipitated 
 from mixed solutions of carbonate of soda and 
 sulphate of magnesia when the liquid contains 
 0.4 @ 0.5 pt. of the elements of carbonate of 
 magnesia in every thousand parts. (Bineau, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1857, (3.) 51.301.) 
 
 More stable in sea-water than in pure water, 
 but when the solution is heated to boiling, car- 
 bonic acid is evolved and a basic carbonate pre- 
 cipitated. (Couste', Ann. des Mines, 1854, (5.) 5. 
 137 ) A Swedish Kanne of water dissolves 47 
 grains of it at a moderate heat. Water saturated 
 with carbonic acid dissolves a far greater quantity. I 
 even so much as an ounce and a quarter, provided 
 i t be precipitated in presence of the solvent. | 
 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 434.) Carbonate of mag- 
 nesia is not precipitated when dilute solutions of 
 carbonate of soda and sulphate of magnesia are 
 mixed. Precipitation in the cold first occurs, and 
 then only after the lapse of nearly an hour, in 
 solutions containing 7 (a), 8 grains of either salt 
 per ounce. When the solutions are heated pre- 
 cipitation takes place more readily. (II. Brandes, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1825, 43. 
 153, et seq. ; compare Bergman, Essays, 1. 45.) If 
 a solution containing 1% of carbonate of soda be 
 mixed with another containing 1% of sulphate of 
 magnesia no precipitate will be formed. A pre- 
 cipitate occurs, however, when solutions contain- 
 ing 1.5 @ 2% of the above-mentioned salts are 
 mixed. (Brandes, cited by Mulder, in his Die 
 Silberprobirmethode, p. 14.) 
 
 More soluble than carbonate of lime in a cold 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. When 
 recently precipitated, it is readily soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, but 
 if the carbonate has been dried at the temperature 
 of 100 it dissolves much more difficultly and 
 slowly. A concentrated solution of carbonate 
 of magnesia in chloride of ammonium becomes 
 cloudy when exposed to the air, but deposits no 
 carbonate of magnesia on boiling. ( Vogel, J. pr. 
 Ch., 1836, 7. 455.) Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of nitrate of ammonia and somewhat more 
 readily in a solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 96.) Carbonate 
 of magnesia is not precipitated from solutions 
 which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 The carbonates of magnesia are soluble in car- 
 bonic acid water; an amount of magnesia very 
 nearly equal to 1 equivalent existing in solution 
 for every 2 equivalents of carbonic acid. (Bineau, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 Dry carbonate of magnesia is not decomposed 
 by a mixture of 1 pt. oil of vitriol and 6 pts. of 
 absolute alcohol, nor by alcoholic solutions of 
 racemic, tartaric, or glacial acetic acids ; but is 
 slowly decomposed by an alcoholic solution of 
 citric acid and by a mixture of nitric acid and 
 absolute alcohol. Carbonate of magnesia is more 
 soluble in cold than in hot water impregnated 
 with carbonic acid. (Butini, Sur le Maynesie ; 
 cited by Graham, Phil. Mag., 1827, (2.) 2. 26.) 
 Unlike the anhydrous salt, this compound, as well 
 as the other hydrates of carbonate of magnesia, is 
 readily soluble in acids, even dilute. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 44.4.) 
 
 c = Mg 0, C 2 + 5 Aq Slowly efflorescent. Par- 
 tially dissolved by cold water, with decomposition 
 to soluble bicarbonate and insoluble basic carbo- 
 nate Boiling water converts it into the latter, 
 with evolution of carbonic acid, without dissolv- 
 ing anything. (Fritzsche, Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 
 446.) 
 
 II. basic. After thorough washing it becomes 
 (Hydromagnesite. Magnesia alba, very difficultly sol- 
 Subcarbonate of Magnesia.) uble ; n water . _ 
 
 4MgO,3C0 2 + 4Aq j pt> of it , hen re . 
 
 quiring 10000 pts. of water, either hot or cold, for 
 its solution. The more ready solubility ordinarily 
 attributed to it is unquestionably due to the pres- 
 ence of carbonic acid. (Bineau, C. R., 41. 510.) 
 After long washing it only dissolves in the pro- 
 portion of 1 pt. in 10000 pts. of water. Ordinarily, 
 1000 pts. dissolve 0.08 pt., either when cold or at 
 the temperature of boiling. In solutions from which 
 it had been precipitated by an excess of sulphate 
 of magnesia, 1000 pts. of the liquor contained 
 0.06 pt. of ^carbonate of magnesia = 1 pt. in 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 113 
 
 17000 pts. of water. (Bineau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1857, (3.) 51. 300.) Commercial "magnesia" 
 (of composition about 2 Mg O, C 2 + 3 Aq) is 
 soluble in 850 pts. of water at a moderate heat. 
 Water saturated with carbonic acid dissolves ^jL_ 
 of its own weight of common " magnesia " at a 
 moderate heat, and double that quantity if it be in 
 as fine powder as a precipitate. (Bergman, Essays, 
 
 I. pp. 43, 45.) Soluble in carbonic acid water. 
 Soluble in 2493 pts. of cold, and in 9000 of boiling 
 water. (Fyfe, Edin. Journ., 5. 305 [T.].) [Com- 
 pare Bineau, above.] Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of carbonate of potash or soda, and of sul- 
 phate and nitrate of potash. 
 
 Easily soluble in aquequs solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium and of sulphate, nitrate, and succinate 
 of ammonia. (Wittstein.) Soluble in cold aque- 
 ous solutions of carbonate of potash, carbonate of 
 soda, sulphate of potash, chloride of potassium, 
 nitrate of potash, and probably of other salts. On 
 heating these solutions it separates out in part, but 
 dissolves again as the solution cools. (Long- 
 champs.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of magnesia. (Dulong, Ann. de Chim., 82. 
 289 (note).) Very easily soluble in acids. Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of the salts of sesquioxide 
 of iron, with evolution of carbonic acid and sepa- 
 ration of hydrate of sesquioxide of iron. (Fuchs, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1831', 62. 
 193; compare Dema^ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 
 
 II. 242.) In the cold it does not precipitate solu- 
 tions of most of the R O oxides, but at higher 
 temperatures such precipitation may occur in some 
 cases ; thus carbonate of magnesia is completely 
 dissolved when boiled with solutions of the chlo- 
 rides or nitrates of cobalt, nickel, zinc, manganese, 
 or copper. (Demar9ay, loc. cit., pp. 250, 251.) 
 
 III.) 3MgO, C0 2 -|-3Aq 
 
 IV.) 5MgO,4CO, + 5Aq Insoluble, or very 
 sparingly soluble, in water. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 V.) bi. Soluble in water. When the aqueous 
 Mg 0, 2 C 2 solution is heated, either in the open 
 air or in a closed vessel, it deposits a 
 precipitate ; in the closed vessel this redissolves as 
 the liquid cools, but from the open vessel no such 
 resolution occurs on cooling, since carbonic acid 
 has been expelled. (Osann, Kastner's Archiv., 
 1824, 3. 213.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) KO.CO.,; MgO, C0 2 + 4 Aq Very easily de- 
 composed by 
 
 cold water. (Deville, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 
 87.) 
 
 II.) K 0, 2 C 2 ; 2 (Mg 0, C 2 ) + 9Aq Insoluble, as 
 
 such, in wa- 
 ter ; but is decomposed by water to bicarbonate of 
 magnesia and bicarbonate of potash, which dis- 
 solve, and insoluble subcarbonate of magnesia. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 448.) 
 
 III.) 1 Very sparingly soluble in cold water; 
 decomposed by boiling water. (Bonsdorff.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SODA. Very 
 MgO, C0 2 ; NaO, COj rapidly decomposed by wa- 
 ter. (Deville, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 33. 89.) The existence of the com- 
 pound mentioned by Berzelius has been doubted. 
 According to B., this was less easily decomposed 
 by water than the potash salt. 
 
 CARBONATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE. 
 !) MnO, C0 2 Permanent. As good as insol- 
 uble in water. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p- 134.) Soluble in 2500 pts. of a saturated 
 15 
 
 aqueous solution of carbonic acid. (Lassaigne 
 J. Ch. He'd., 4. 312; in Berzelius's J. R, 29. 
 132.) Soluble in 3840 pts. of an aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonic acid, and in 7680 pts. of water. 
 (John.) 
 
 When recently precipitated it is tolerably easily 
 soluble in a solution of chloride of ammonium. It 
 is also soluble in other ammoniacal salts, as car- 
 bonate of ammonia, when recently precipitated, 
 but is very sparingly soluble after having stood 
 for some time after precipitation. (Wittstein.) 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) H. Rose (2V., 1. pp. 
 68, 69) speaks of ordinary precipitated carbonate 
 of manganese as a basic salt. According to him, 
 it is only slightly soluble at the ordinary tempera- 
 ture in a solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 though in presence of the latter it is not imme- 
 diately precipitated by bicarbonate of potash. 
 
 No more soluble in a solution of carbonate of 
 potash, or soda, than in pure water. (Compare 
 Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 220.) Is not 
 precipitated from solutions containing a soluble 
 citrate. (Spiller.) Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the salts of sesquioxide of iron with evolution 
 of carbonic acid an4 separation of sesquioxide of 
 iron. [Compare Carbonate of Lime.] (Fuchs, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1831, 62. 
 193.) Easily soluble in acids, even in acetic, and 
 sulphurous acids. 
 
 II.) (2 Mn 0, C 2 ) + Aq Permanent. Insoluble in 
 
 water. 
 CARBONATE OF MERCUR(OMS)ETHYL. Read- 
 
 (Carbonate of Hydrargethyl.) ily soluble in Water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 CARBONATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 Hg 2 0, C0 2 uble in cold, immediately decomposed 
 by boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in a hot or warm aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium, though less completely 
 than the protocarbonate ; less readily soluble in a 
 solution of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 97.) Slightly soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of potash. Par- 
 tially soluble, with separation of metallic mercury, 
 in ammonia-water. (Wittstein.) 
 
 CARBONATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Hg 0, 0, Permanent. Insoluble in water. 
 Slightly soluble in carbonic acid 
 water, and in an aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 potash. (Berzelius.) Soluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of chloride of ammonium. (Wittstein.) 
 Soluble in hot aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium, and nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 97.) 
 
 II.) 3HgO, C0 2 Insoluble in cold water. 
 
 III.) 4 He 0, C 0, Insoluble in cold water. (Mil- 
 Ion, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 18. 368.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF METHYLAMIN. Very deli- 
 C H K N C 0. + Aq quescent. Soluble in water. 
 (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30. 461.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in 4 pts. of water. (Choulant.) 
 
 ' CARBONATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) NiO, C0 2 
 
 a = anhydrous(crystalline). Unacted upon by cold 
 chlorhydric or nitric acids, even when these are 
 concentrated. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch.etPhys., 
 (3.) 30. 138.) 
 
114 
 
 , CAEBONATES. 
 
 b = hydrated (precipitated). Permanent. Insoluble 
 Ni 0, C 2 + 6 Aq in water. Soluble in an 
 
 aqueous solution of car- 
 bonate of ammonia. Very sparingly soluble even 
 in a concentrated solution of carbonate of soda. 
 
 Insoluble in carbonic acid water. (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 55.) Easily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium when this is 
 gently heated. (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble in a 
 solution of cyanide of potassium. It is not pre- 
 cipitated from solutions containing citrate of soda. 
 (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) basic. Readily soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 2 (Ni 0,3 HO); NiO.CO, (Silliman.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF NICKEL & or POTASH. 
 
 I.) KO,C0 2 ; NiO,CO 2 + 4Aq 
 
 II.) KO,2C0 2 ;2NiO, CO,+ 9Aq Decomposed 
 
 by water, but 
 
 may be washed with a solution of bicarbonate of 
 potash. 
 
 CARBONATE OF NICKEL & OF SODA. 
 Na O, C O 2 ; Ni 0, C 2 -f- 10 Aq 
 
 CARBONATE OF NITROHARMALIN. 
 
 CARBONATE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. Partially soluble 
 10 PdO, C 3 -f 10 Aq in ammqpia-water. Slightly 
 soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonate of soda. Soluble in acids. 
 (Kane, Phil. Trans., 1842, p. 279.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF Pi COLIN. Decomposed by 
 boiling with water. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF PLATIN(OWS)&IAMIN. 
 
 (Ammonia Carbonate of protoxide of 
 Platinum. Carbonate of diPlatosamin.) 
 
 I.) mono. 
 N 2 fH 8 .Pt'0,C0 2 +HO 
 
 II.) sesqui. More soluble in water than the 
 
 tf-mSn Ptim nn irn bicarbonate. (Reiset, 
 2 (N 2 1 H 6 . Pt' 0), H 0, 3 CO, ^^ a rf ph (g>) 
 
 11. 425.) 
 
 III.) bi. Somewhat soluble in water. (Reiset, 
 N 2 \ H 6 . Pf 0, H 0, 2 C 2 loc - cit ') 
 
 CARBONATE OF f PLUMBETHTL. Nearly in- 
 (C 4 H B ) 3 Pb 2 0, C 2 soluble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CARBONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Deliquescent. Very easily sol- 
 KO, C0 2 uble in water, with evolution of heat. 
 Soluble in 1.05 pts. of water at 3 
 " 0.962 " 6 
 
 " 0.900 " " 12.6 
 
 " 0.747 " 26 
 
 " 0.490 " 70 
 
 (Osann.) 
 
 Soluble in 0.92 pt. of cold water, the satu- 
 rated solution containing 52% of it (M. R. & P) ; 
 in 0.922 pt. of water at 15 (Gerlach's determina- 
 tion, see his table of sp. grs., below) ; in 1 pt. 
 of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatfs Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 II.) hydrated, ordinary. 
 KO,C0 2 -i-2Aq 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve pts. 
 At C of the anhydrous of the cryst. salt 
 
 saltKO, C0 2 . KO,C0 2 + 2 
 (calculated). 
 
 . . 83.12 . . 131.15 
 10 88.72 142.50 
 
 20 94.06 153.70 
 
 30 100.09 166.85 
 
 40 . . 106.20 . . 180.07 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve pts. 
 At C of the anhydrous of the cryst. salt 
 
 saltKO, 00 2 . KO, CO 2 + 2Aq 
 
 (calculated). 
 
 50 . . 112.90 . . 196.60 
 
 60 119.24 212.35 
 
 70 127.10 232.84 
 
 80 134.25 252.57 
 
 90 143.18 278.72 
 
 100 153.66 311.85 
 
 135 205.11 526.10 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys.. (3.) 8. 468.) 
 [In Bcrzelius's Jahresbericht, 24. 152, 9 is 
 printed at the top of the temperature column in- 
 stead of ; an error which has found its way into 
 other works.] 
 
 Mono-carbonate of potash is more soluble in 
 water than either the sesqui- or the bicarbonate. 
 (Poggiale, loc. cit., p. 474.) The saturated aque- 
 ous solution boils at 135. [Poggiale, vid. supra, 
 & Legrand.] (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 100 pts. of it. 
 (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 The aqueous solutions of several salts, when 
 evaporated, may become supersaturated, as it 
 were, at the boiling-point, nothing being deposited, 
 in spite of the movements of the liquid, while the 
 temperature becomes more and more elevated. 
 But at the moment the salt begins to be deposited 
 the temperature falls to a point where it remains 
 constant. The " boiling-point " of saturated so- 
 lutions must consequently be taken while the salt 
 is separating, and not at the moment when this 
 separation has just commenced. Carbonate of 
 potash exhibits this phenomenon in a very strik- 
 ing manner. In one instance the temperature 
 of a solution rose to 140 without depositing any 
 of the salt, when suddenly a lively effervescence 
 occurred, a large quantity of the salt was depos- 
 ited, and the temperature fell to the normal 135, 
 where it remained fixed for an indefinite length of 
 time. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1835, (2.) 
 59. 428.) 
 
 Amount of Anhydrous KO,COz contained in the 
 aqueous solution at 15. 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per Cent. Sp. Gr. Per Cent. 
 
 1.00914 . . 1 1.27893 . . 28 
 
 1.01829 2 1.28999 29 
 
 1.02743 3 1.30105 30 
 
 1.03658 4 1.31261 31 
 
 1.04572 5 1.32417 32 
 
 1.05513 6 1.33573 33 
 
 1.06454 7 1.34729 34 
 
 1.07396 8 1.35885 35 
 
 1.08337 9 1.37082 36 
 
 1.09278 10 1.38279 37 
 
 1.10258 11 1.39476 38 
 
 1.11238 12 1.40673 39 
 
 1.12219 13 1.41870 40 
 
 1.13199 14 143104 41 
 
 1.14179 15 1.44338 42 
 
 1.15200 16 1.45573 43 
 
 1.16222 17 1.46807 44 
 
 1.17243 18 1.48041 45 
 
 1.18265 19 1.49314 46 
 
 1.19286 20 1.50588 47 
 
 1.20344 21 1.51861 48 
 
 1.21402 22 1.53135 49 
 
 1.22459 23 1.54408 50 
 
 1.23517 24 1.55728 51 
 
 1:24575 25 1.57048 52 
 
 1.25681 26 1.57079* . . 52.024 
 
 1 .26787 . . 27 * Saturated solution. 
 
 (Th. Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, 1859, 
 p. 18.) 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 115 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per Cent Sp. Gr. Per Cent 
 
 asolute alcohol ; it absorbs water from ordinary 
 
 (at 15). ofKO, COj. (at 15). ofKO, CO,. 
 
 )irit and deliquesces. 
 
 1.4812 . . 40.504 1.2282 . . 19.580 
 
 Somewhat soluble in spirit. (Schubarth, Tech. 
 
 1.4750 40.139 1.2150 18.601 
 
 Chem.) Soluble in 9 pts. of alcohol of 17 B.; 
 
 1.4626 39.160 1.2020 17.622 
 
 ' a larger quantity of dry carbonate of potash is 
 
 1.4504 38.181 1.1892 16.643 
 
 dded to this solution it absorbs water and pre- 
 
 1.4384 37.202 1.1766 15.664 
 
 ipitates, as an oily liquor, the carbonate of potash 
 
 1.4265 36.223 1.1642 14.685 
 
 which was originally dissolved. (Guibourt.) 
 
 1.4147 35.244 1.1520 13.706 
 
 Dry carbonate of potash is not decomposed by 
 
 1.4030 34.265 1.1400 12.727 
 
 n alcoholic solution of sulphuric acid prepared 
 
 1.3915 33.286 1.1282 11.748 
 
 >y mixing 1 pt. of oil of vitriol and 6 pts. of 
 
 1.3803 32.307 1.1166 10.769 
 
 bsolute alcohol, nor by a mixture of absolute 
 
 1.3692 31.328 1.1052 9.790 
 
 [cohol and nitric acid, or an alcoholic solution 
 
 1.3585 30.349 1.0940 8.811 
 
 f chlorhydric acid gas, oxalic, racemic, tartaric, 
 
 1.3480 29.360 1.0829 7.832 
 
 r glacial acetic acids, but is decomposed by an 
 
 1.3378 28.391 1.0719 6.853 
 
 Icoholic solution of citric acid. 
 
 .3277 27.412 1.0611 5.874 
 
 Soluble in phenic acid, without decomposition. 
 
 .3177 26.432 1.0505 4.895 
 
 As a general rule all insoluble salts are par- 
 
 .3078 25.454 1.0401 3.916 
 
 mlly decomposed when boiled with an aqueous 
 
 .2980 24.475 1.0299 2.934 
 
 olution of carbonate of potash. (Dulong, A.nn. 
 
 .2836 23.496 1.0108 1.958 
 
 de Chim., 82. pp. 278, 293, 300.) 
 
 .2694 22.517 1.0098 0.979 
 
 When treated with an acid in a closed vessel 
 
 1.2554 21.538 1.0048 . . 0.489 
 
 ffervescence ceases as the pressure increases, but 
 
 1.2417 . . 20.539 
 
 be action of the acid is at once renewed on open- 
 
 (Tuennermann, Trommsdorff"s N. Journ. der 
 
 ng the vessel. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 9.) 
 
 Pharm., 18. 2. 20, in Gmelin's Handbook, 3. 
 22.) 
 
 Sesgut'CAKBOVATE OP POTASH. Permanent. 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per Cent Boils Sp. Gr. Per Cent Boils 
 ofKO, CO,. atC. ofKO.CO,. atC. 
 
 K 0, 3 C O, Soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 spirit. (Schubarth, Tech. Chem.) 
 
 2.60 . . 100 . . 137.78 1.41 . . 39.0 . 107.22 
 2.40 88.4 129.44 1.38 36.2 105.56 
 
 More soluble in water than the bicarbonate, but 
 ess soluble than the normal salt. (Poggiale, lac. 
 
 2.15 79.2 125.56 1.34 33.6 104.44 
 1.95 71.8 122.22 1.31 30.5 103.33 
 1.80 65.6 119.44 1.28 27.3 102.78 
 1.70 60.4 117.78 1.25 24.0 102.22 
 1.63 56.0 116.11 1.22 20.5 101.66 
 1.58 52.1 114.44 1.19 16.8 101.11 
 
 it., p. 474.) 
 The experiments of Poggiale recorded in the 
 able below were made with a salt which was pre- 
 mred by boiling a solution of bicarbonate of potash. 
 ?. observes, however, that another set of experi- 
 ments made upon a salt prepared by dissolving in 
 
 1.54 48.8 112.78 1.15 13.2 101.11 
 1.50 45.8 111.11 1.11 9.0 100.56 
 
 >oiling water 100 pts. of normal carbonate and 
 131 pts. of bicarbonate, afforded different re- 
 
 1.46 43.3 109.44 1.06 .. 4.7 . 100.56 
 
 sults. 
 
 1.44 .. 41.7 .. 108.33 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve pts. 
 
 (Dalton, in his New System, 2. 481.) 
 
 At C. of the anhydrous of the cryst. 
 
 In a solution The In a solution The 
 
 salt. salt. 
 
 containing boiling containing boiling 
 
 ... 38.25 . . . 85.86 
 
 for 100 pts. of point iliffer- for 100 pts.of point Differ- 
 
 10 43.40 102.17 
 
 water, pts. of is ele- ence. water, pts. of is ele- ence. 
 
 20 4802 118.22 
 
 anhydrous vated. anhydrous vated. 
 
 
 K 0, C 0, K 0, C O a 
 
 30 52.60 133.57 
 
 0.0 . . . . 117.1 . . 18. .4.9 
 
 40 57.13 154.54 
 
 13.0 1 13.0 122.0 19 5.0 
 
 50 62.08 177.48 
 
 22.5 2 9.5 127.0 20 5.0 
 
 60 66.90 202.46 
 
 31.0 3 8.5 132.0 21 5.0 
 
 70 71.40 228.54 
 
 38.8 4 7.8 137.0 22 5.0 
 
 80 76.19 259.93 
 
 46.1 5 7.3 142.0 23 5.0 
 
 90 80.86 294.63 
 
 53.1 6 7.0 147.1 24 5.1 
 
 100 . . 85.50 . . . 33422 
 
 59.6 7 6.5 152.2 25 5.1 
 . 65.9 8 6.3 157.3 26 5.1 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 468.) 
 [In Berzelius's Jahresbericht there is a typograph- 
 
 71.9 9 6.0 162.5 27 5.2 
 
 ical error in this table, similar to that mentioned 
 
 77.6 10 5.7 167.7 28 5.2 
 
 under monocarbonate of potash.] 
 
 83.0 11 5.4 172.9 29 5.2 
 88.2 12 5.2 178.1 30 5.2 
 93.2 13 5.0 183.4 31 5.3 
 
 BICARBONATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Sol- 
 KO HO,2C0 2 able in 3.5 pts. of water at 15^. 
 When the solution is heated to 80 
 
 98.0 14 4.8 188.8 32 5.4 
 102.8 15 4.7 194.2 33 5.4 
 107.5 16 4.8 199.6 34 5.4 
 112.3 17 4.8 205.0* 35 5.4 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observec 
 
 carbonic acid is evolved, and after long-continued 
 boilin^ a salt nearly of the composition of the 
 normal carbonate remains. (Redwood, in Ot Gr.) 
 Permanent, even in moist and dry air. Soluble 
 in 4 pts. of water at a moderate temperature. 
 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc 
 having been 100.3. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys. 
 1835, (2.) 59. 438.) An aqueous solution con 
 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 18.) Soluble in 0.8333 pt. 
 of boiling water (Pelletier) ; in 4 pts. of cold, and 
 in 1 2 pts. of boiling water; the saturated cold 
 
 taining 10% ofKO, C O 2 boils at 100.8; one o 
 
 solution containing 20% of it, and the saturated 
 
 20% boils at 102.2 ; one of 30% at 104.5 ; one o 
 40% at 108.6 ; and one of 50% at 1 15.2. (Gerlach' 
 
 hot solution 41.6% (M. R. & P.'s Pharmacy). Sol- 
 uble in 4 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 
 Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, p. 110.) Insoluble i 
 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 
 * Saturated. 
 
 stag's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
116 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve pte. 
 At C. of the anhydrous of the cryst.salt 
 salt K 0, 2 C O 2 K 0, H 0, 2 C 2 . 
 [theoretical] . 
 
 ... 17.56 . . . 19.61 
 10 20.73 23.23 
 
 20 23.95 26.91 
 
 30 27.05 30.57 
 
 40 30.12 34.15 
 
 50 33.36 37.92 
 
 60 36.25 41.35 
 
 70 ... 39.57 . . . 45.24 
 The salt is decomposed when its solution is 
 heated above 70. It is less soluble in water than 
 either the mono- or sesquicarbonate. (Poggiale, 
 Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 8. pp. 468, 474.) [In Ber- 
 zelius's Jahresbericht, 24. 152, the above table is 
 incorrectly printed, all the figures being misplaced, 
 and the error has been copied by Otto, in his 
 Lehrbuch. That the misprint alluded to is really 
 an error is proved by the context of Poggiale's 
 memoir, as well as by his own table. In his Lehr- 
 buch, edit, of 1845, vol. 3. p. 157, Berzelius has 
 printed the table correctly.] 100 pts. of water at 
 15.5 dissolve 30 pts. of it, and at 100, -83 pts. 
 (Ure'sDict.) Soluble in 1200 pts. of boiling al- 
 cohol. (Berthollet.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Du- 
 mas, Tr.) Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 (Gmelin.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF POTASH & OP SODA. Perma- 
 2 (Na 0, C 2 ) ; K 0, C O a + 18 Aq nent, or but slight- 
 ly efflorescent. Ex- 
 tremely soluble in water, with decomposition. It 
 crystallizes from a saturated solution of carbonate 
 of potash. (Marignac.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF POTASH & ofprotpxide OF TIN. 
 K 0,2 C 3 ; 2 Sn 0, C 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 CARBONATE OF POTASH & of sesquioxide OF 
 
 2 (K 0, C 2 ) ; Ur 2 8 , C 2 URANIUM. Soluble in 
 
 13.51 pts. of water at 
 
 15 ; or, 100 pts. of water dissolve 7.4 pts. of it. It 
 is a little more soluble in warm water. Partially 
 decomposed by boiling water, at least when not in 
 presence of a slight excess of carbonate of potash. 
 When the aqueous solution is diluted with a large 
 quantity of water it becomes cloudy, and deposits 
 some uranate of potash ; but this decomposition 
 does not occur in presence of a small quantity of 
 free alkaline carbonate, no matter how much the 
 solution may be diluted. Completely insoluble in 
 alcohol. When a small quantity of acid is added 
 to the aqueous solution, a basic salt is precipitated. 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 204.) More 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of carbonate or 
 bicarbonate of potash than in water ; after stand- 
 ing during some time a precipitate is formed in the 
 solution in the carbonate, but none in the solution 
 in the bicarbonate. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) K 0, C 2 ; Zn O, C 2 + 2 Aq Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Kane.) 
 
 II.) 4(KO,2COj); 3 (2ZnO, C 2 ) +8 Aq Less 
 
 read- 
 ily decomposed than most of the double carbonates. 
 It can be washed with cold water. (Deville, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 101.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF POTASH with CHLORIDE OF 
 K 0, C 0, ; K Cl POTASSIUM. ( Dcebereiner. ) 
 
 BICARBONATE OF QUININE. Efflorescent. 
 C H 2* N 2 Oii C 4 4 , 2 H + 2 Aq Somewhat soluble 
 in water. Solu- 
 ble in carbonic acid water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 41. 90.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble 
 Ag 0, C 2 in water. 
 
 Soluble in 31978 pts. of water at 15. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 85. 248.) Insoluble in 
 carbonic acid water. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 55.) 
 Soluble in 961 pts. of carbonic acid water. (Las- 
 saigne, J. Ch. Med., 4. 312 ; in Berzelius's Jahres- 
 bericht, 29. 132.) Insoluble in alcohol. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia. 
 Also readily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 Slightly soluble in a cold saturated solution of 
 carbonate of potash. (Wittstein.) Readily solu- 
 ble, with decomposition, in aqueous solutions of 
 the soluble hyposulphites. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. 
 'Journ., 1819, 1.397.) Soluble in a hot aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium ; also very im- 
 perfectly soluble in a solution of nitrate of ammo- 
 nia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 97, 98, 
 335.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of ammonia when this is gently heated. (H. 
 Rose, Tr. ) It is not precipitated from solutions 
 containing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Readily 
 decomposed by chlorhydric acid and by solutions 
 of the metallic chlorides. 
 
 CARBONATE OF SINKALIN. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water, (v. Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono, or normal. 
 a = anhydrous. 
 NaO,C0 2 Permanent. 
 
 It absorbs water from the air, though very slow- 
 ly. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 122.) Soluble in 5.967 
 pts. of water at 15. (Gerlach's determination. 
 See his table of sp. grs., below.) [See also under 
 6.] Easily soluble in water, much less soluble 
 in dilute ammonia-water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Margueritte; Fresenius, Quant., p. 122.) Slight- 
 ly soluble in absolute alcohol. Apparently quite 
 insoluble in an alcoholic solution of soap. (Duffy, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 5. 305.) Carbonate of soda possesses 
 at least 4 different degrees of solubility according 
 to different states of molecular constitution and 
 degrees of hydration in which it occurs. (Lcewel, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 330.) It is a little 
 more soluble at temperatures about 34 @ 38 than 
 at 104, but the maximum of solubility is at a 
 point still lower, probably at about 15. (Lcewel, 
 foe. cit., (3.) 44. 329.) 
 
 It would appear from the researches of Lcewel 
 that carbonate of soda presents two maxima of 
 solubility ; the one occurring as warm solutions 
 are cooled, which appears to be at about 1 5, or 
 even at a lower point ; the other when cold solu- 
 tions are warmed [at 34 @ 38], the salt being 
 probably of different composition, as regards its 
 proportion of water of crystallization, in the two 
 cases. (Payen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 330^ 
 
 An aqueous solution containing 5% of Na O, 
 C O 2 boils at 100.5, one of 10% boils at 101.1; 
 and one of 15% at 101.8. (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. 
 der Salzlcesungen,p. 108.) 
 
 In a solution containing The boiling 
 
 for 100 parts of water, point was Difference. 
 
 pts. of anhydrous elevated. 
 Na 0, C 8 
 
 0.0 . . 0.0 
 
 7.5 0.5 . . 7.5 
 
 14.4 1.0 6.9 
 20.8 1.5 6.4 
 
 26.7 2.0 5.9 
 x 32.0 2.5 5.3 
 
 36.8 3.0 4.8 
 41.0 3.5 4.2 
 44.7 4.0 3.7 
 
 47.9 4.5 3.2 
 
 48.5 4.63 
 
CARBONATES. 
 
 117 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 100. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 433.) The saturated aqueous so- 
 lution boils at 104.4 (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Set., 
 1825, 18. 90) ; at 106 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 
 43) ; at 104. (Payen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 
 233.) A hot aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 soda is liable to become supersaturated on cooling. 
 (Gay-Lussac.) A supersaturated solution of car- 
 bonate of soda (2 pts. of Na O, C O 2 -f 10 Aq in 
 1 pt. of water) may be preserved for a long time 
 in a flask loosely stopped with cotton-wool, and 
 only crystallizes after some time when opened to 
 the air, even when shaken. (Schrceder, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 47.) As is the case with 
 sulphate of soda, a clear hot solution of carbonate 
 of soda does not crystallize when cooled out of 
 contact with the air, but may be kept for a long 
 time as a supersaturated solution : when exposed 
 to low temperatures, the salt with 10 Aq. crystal- 
 lizes out, but under other circumstances two other 
 salts are formed, each containing 7 Aq. ; the one 
 (7 Aq. a) being nearly four times as soluble at 
 10 as the ordinary 10 Aq. salt, and the other 
 (7 Aq. b) 2 times as soluble as the 10 Aq. salt. 
 The salt 7 Aq. 6 is identical with the " 8 Aq." salt 
 of Thomson. (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 33. 337 ; compare Schrceder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 109. 50.) 
 
 Dry carbonate of soda is not decomposed by a 
 mixture of 1 pt. oil of vitriol and 6 pts. of abso- 
 lute alcohol, nor by alcoholic solutions of racemic, 
 tartaric, or glacial acetic acids ; it is slowly de- 
 
 composed, however, by a mixture of nitric acid 
 and absolute alcohol. 
 
 As a general rule, all insoluble salts are par- 
 tially decomposed when boiled with an aqueous 
 solution of carbonate of soda. (Dnlong, Ann. de 
 Chim., 82. pp. 278, 293, 300.) 
 
 b = Na 0, CO, + 10 Aq Efflorescent. Soluble in 
 (Ordinary crystallized Car- 1.Q5 pts. of water at 23 ; 
 bonate of Soda. Sal Soda.") or JQQ , * wate at 
 
 23 dissolve 95.3 pts. of 
 
 it ; or, the aqueous solution saturated at 23 con- 
 tains 48.8% of it, or, 18.1% of the anhydrous salt, 
 and is of 1.1995 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve pts. 
 At C. of the anhydrous of the cryst. salt 
 
 saltNaO, C0 2 . Na 0, C 2 + 10 Aq. 
 ... 7.08 . . . 21.52 
 10 16.66 61.98 
 
 20 25.93 123.12 
 
 25 30.83 171.33 
 
 30 35.90. 241.57 
 
 104.6 . . 48.50 . . . 420.68 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 468.) 
 " Crystallized carbonate of soda melts in its 
 water of crystallization at about 32. Its point of 
 congelation appears to be at 33. It is then 
 soluble in all proportions in water above this tem- 
 perature. Legrand has observed, however, that 
 water saturated with Na 0, C O, boils at 104.6, 
 and contains 48.5 pts. of this salt.'' 
 
 loc. tit., p. 474.) The correctness of 
 results is called in question by Loewel. 
 et Phys., (3.) 33. 377.) 
 
 AtC. 
 
 
 10 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 38 
 104 
 
 A saturated solution 
 of Na 0, C O. + 10 Act 
 
 contains 
 
 Anhydrous 10 A q salt 
 
 salt dissolved dissolved 
 
 by 100 pts. of by 100 pts. 
 
 water. of water. 
 
 A saturated solution of 
 Na 0, C 2 + 7 Aq b 
 
 contains 
 
 Anhydrous 7 Aq 6 salt 10 Aq salt 
 
 salt dissolved dissolved dissolved 
 
 by 100 pts. of by 100 pts. by 100 pts. 
 
 water. of water. of water. 
 
 A saturated solution of 
 Na 0, C 2 + 7 Aq a 
 
 contains 
 
 Anhydrous 7 Aq a salt 10 Aq salt 
 
 salt dis- dissolved dissolved 
 
 solved by by 100 pts. by 100 pte. 
 
 100 pts. of of water. of water. 
 
 water. 
 
 6.97 
 12.06 
 16.20 
 21.71 
 28.50 
 37.24 
 51.67 
 45.47 
 
 . 21.33 
 
 40.94 
 
 63.20 
 
 92.82 
 
 149.13 
 
 273.64 
 
 1142.17 
 
 539.63 
 
 20.39 
 26.33 
 29.58 
 38.55 
 38.07 
 43.45 
 
 58.93 
 83.94 
 100.00 
 122.25 
 152.36 
 196.93 
 
 . 84.28 
 128.57 
 160.51 
 210.58 
 290.91 
 447.93 
 
 31.93 
 37.85 
 41.55 
 45.79 
 
 112.94 
 150.77 
 179.90 
 220.20 
 
 188.37 
 286.13 
 381.29 
 556.71 
 
 100 pts. of 
 
 water at 14 dissolve 60.4 pts. of the 10 Aq. salt. 
 " 36 " 833.0 " " 
 
 " 104 " 445.0 " " 
 
 The solubility increases up to 36, and then di- 
 minishes : if a solution saturated at 36 be boiled, 
 a portion of the carbonate of soda will be precip- 
 itated, but as the solution cools again to 36 the 
 precipitate redissolves. A solution saturated at 
 36 may be cooled to 20 and maintained at that 
 temperature during 8 10 days, even when agi- 
 tated, without depositing anything. (Payen, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 233.) 100 pts. of water at 
 14.6 dissolve 7.74 pts. of the anhydrous, or 20.64 
 pts. of the crystallized salt, the solution, which is 
 of 1.0752 sp. gr., containing 7.19% of the anhy- 
 drous salt. Soluble in rather less than 1 pt. of 
 boiling water. When heated, crystallized carbon- 
 ate of soda dissolves in its water of crystalliza- 
 tion, and it sometimes happens that when once 
 melted in this way it remains permanently liquid. 
 (T. Thomson, in his System of Chem., London, 
 1831, 2. 451.) Soluble in about 2 pts. of water. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 28.) Soluble in 2 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrijl fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstalt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 
 (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 382.) 
 1854, p. 76.) The aqueous solution saturated at 
 15 is of 1.166987 sp. gr., and contains dissolved 
 in every 100 pts. of water at least 18.088 pts. of 
 the anhydrous, or 66.059 pts. of the 10 Aq. salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478, 482.) More soluble in water than the sesqni- 
 or bi-salt. (Poggiale.) It melts completely in its 
 water of crystallization at about 65.56, but on 
 boiling this liquid for a while a quantity of the 
 5 Aq. salt (d) crystallizes out, and the supernatant 
 liquid is of 1.35 sp. gr.. (i. e. it contains 28.8% 
 of Na O, C O 2 ). Mother liquor, from which or- 
 dinary 10 Aq. salt has crystallized, i. e. the satu- 
 rated aqueous solution at ordinary temperatures, 
 is of sp. gr, 1.18, and contains 16.4% of Na O, CO 2 . 
 (Dalton, in his New System, 2. 498.) 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experiment) 
 of sp. gr. per cent of 
 
 (at 23) Na 0, C 2 + 10 Aq. 
 
 1.1995 48.81 
 
 1.1307 32.54 
 
 1.0859 21.70 
 
 1.0638 16.27 
 
 1.0430 10.85 
 
 1.0219 5.425 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 334.) 
 
118 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ing table, by means of the formula, D = 1 + 0.0038 
 p + 0.00000811 p 2 0.0000000464 p 3 ; in which 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the percent- 
 age of substance in the solution. 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous Per Cent of Per Cent of 
 
 solution of NaO, COj-J-lOAq. anhydrous 
 
 sp. gr. NaO, COj. 
 
 1.0038 ... 1 ... 0.370 
 
 1.0076 2 0.741 
 
 1.0114 3 1.112 
 
 1.0153 4 1.482 
 
 1.0192 5 1.853 
 
 1.0231 6 2.223 
 
 1.0270 7 2.594 
 
 1.0309 8 2.965 
 
 1.0348 9 3.335 
 
 1.0388 10 3.706 
 
 1.0428 11 4.076 
 
 1.0468 12 4.447 
 
 1.0508 13 4.817 
 
 1.0548 14 5.188 
 
 1.0588 15 5.558 
 
 1.0628 16 5.929 ' 
 
 1.0668 17 6.299 
 
 1.0708 18 6.670 
 
 1.0748 19 7.041 
 
 1.0789 20 7.412 
 
 1.0830 21 k 7.782 
 
 1.0871 22 8.153 
 
 1.0912 23 8.523 
 
 1.0953 24 8.894 
 
 1.0994 25 9.264 
 
 1.1035 26 9.635 
 
 1.1076 27 Kt.005 
 
 1.1117 28 10.376 
 
 1.1158 29 10.746 
 
 1.1200 30 11.118 
 
 1.1242 31 11.488 
 
 1.1284 32 11.859 
 
 1.1326 33 12.230 
 
 1.1368 34 12.600 
 
 1.1410 35 12.971 
 
 1.1452 36 13.341 
 
 1.1494 37 13.712 
 
 1.1536 38 14.082 
 
 1.1578 39 14.453 
 
 1.1620 40 14.824 
 
 1.1662 41 15.195 
 
 1.1704 42 15.566 
 
 1.1746 43 15936 
 
 1.1788 44 16.307 
 
 1.1830 45 16.677 
 
 1.1873 46 17.048 
 
 1.1916 47 17.418 
 
 1.1959 48 17.789 
 
 1.2002 49 18.159 
 
 1.2045 ... 50 ... 18.530 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 186.) 
 Amount of Anhydrous Na 0, COt in the aqueous 
 solution at 15". 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per Cent.. Sp. Gr. Per Cent. 
 
 1.01050 . . 1 1.09500 . . 9 
 
 1.02101 2 1.10571 10 
 
 1.03151 3 1.11655 11 
 
 1.04201 4 1.12740 12 
 
 1.05255 5 1.13845 13 
 
 1.06309 6 1.14950 14 
 
 1.07369 7 1.15350 . . 14.354* 
 . 1.08430 . . 8 
 
 (Th. Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlocsungen, 1859, 
 p. 17.) 
 
 * Saturated solution. 
 
 See also a table of sp. grs. and percentages for 
 each degree of temperature between and 20 
 on p. 123 of Gerlach's book, and another, on p. 
 124, of the sp. gr. of a 10% solution at each de- 
 gree of temperature from to 100. 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per Cent of Sp. Gr. Per Cent of 
 
 (at 15). Na O, C 2 . (at 15). Na 0, 0,. 
 
 1.0040 . . 0.372 1.0892 . . 7.812 
 
 1.0081 0.744 1.0937 8.184 
 
 1.0121 1.116 1.0982 8.556 
 
 1.0163 1.488 1.1028 8.928 
 
 1.0204 1.850 1.1074 9.300 
 
 1.0245 2.232 1.1120 9.672 
 
 1.0286 2.504 1.1167 10.044 
 
 1.0327 2.976 1.1214 10.416 
 
 1.0368 3.348 1.1261 10.788 < 
 
 1.0410 3.720 1.1308 11.160 
 
 1.0452 4.090 1.1356 11.532 
 
 1.0494 4.464 1.1404 11.904 
 
 1.0537 4.836 1.1452 12.276 
 
 1.0578 5.208 1.1500 12.648 
 
 1.0625 5.580 1.1549 13.020 
 
 1.0669 5.972 ' 1.1598 13.392 
 
 1.0713 6.324 1.1648 13764 
 
 1.0757 6.396 1.1698 14.136 
 
 1.0802 6.768 1.1748 14.508 
 
 1.0847 . . 7.440 1.1816 . . 14.880 
 
 (Tuennermann, Trommsdorjf's N. Journ. der 
 Pharm., 18. 2. 23, in Gmelin's Handbook, 3. 83. ) 
 From Tuennermann's table Schiff calculates the 
 following table for the 10 Aq. salt, by means of 
 the formula, D = 1 + 0.00393 p +0.0000145 p 2 
 0.0000001 p 3 ; in which D = the sp. gr. of the 
 solution and p the percentage of substance in the 
 solution. 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution per cent of solution per cent of 
 
 of sp. gr. Na 0, C 2 + 10 Aq. of sp. gr. Na 0, C0 2 + 10 Aq. 
 
 1.020 ... 5 1.128 ... 30 
 
 1.041 10 1.151 35 
 
 1.062 15 1.174 40 
 
 1.084 20 1.197 45 
 
 1.106 ... 25 1.220 ... 50 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 107. 302.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains Boils 
 
 solution per cent of at C. 
 
 ofsp.gr. NaO.COj. 
 
 1.90 ? . . . 85.5 
 1.64 54.0 
 
 1.42 37.0 
 
 1.35 28.8 . . . 104.44 
 
 1.26 22.7 102.78 
 
 1.18 . . . 16.4 . . . 101.11 
 (Dalton, in his New System, Pt. 2. p. 501.) 
 At 8 the sp. gr. of a saturated solution = 1.107. 
 (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 211.) 
 c = Na 0, C 2 + Aq Crystallizes out when a sat- 
 urated aqueous solution of 
 carbonate of soda is evaporated at temperatures 
 between 75 and 87. (Schindler.) Crystallizes 
 from a saturated solution of common carbonate of 
 soda kept for a long time at 49. (Harvey, in 
 Thomson's System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 
 452.) Crystallizes on evaporating a saturated 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of soda at temper- 
 atures between 25 and 37. (Haidinger.) Is de- 
 posited from boiling saturated solutions of carbon- 
 ate of soda. When left in contact with the mother 
 liquor, out of contact with the air, it gradually 
 redissolves as the liquor cools, being less soluble 
 in water at 104 than at lower temperatures. It 
 is not easy to determine the point of its greatest 
 solubility, for when the solution is cooled to 15 
 a molecular change ordinarily occurs, a salt con- 
 taining 7 equivalents of water being formed. The 
 
CAKBONATES. 
 
 119 
 
 solubility of the monohydrated salt increases, 
 however, as the temperature is lowered, until this 
 change takes place. At 15 tS> 20 its solution 
 contains, for 100 pts. of water, 52.41 pts. of an- 
 hydrous NaO, CO 2 , or 1290 pts. of the lOhy- 
 drated salt (Na O, C O 2 + 10 Aq). When a 
 solution of carbonate of soda is heated, above 34 
 the monohydrated salt appears to be formed and 
 the solubility decreases as the temperature is ele- 
 vated. Insoluble in spirit- (Lo3wel, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 328 ; also 33. 337.) 
 d = NaO, C0 2 + 5 Aq Not efflorescent. (Berze- 
 lius, Tr., 3. 466.) Soluble 
 in water. (Persoz.) 
 
 e = Na O, C 2 + 6 Aq 
 / = Na 0, C 2 + 7 Aq See above. Both of the 
 
 7 Aq. salts are insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Loewel.) 
 g NaO, C0 2 + 8Aq 100 pts. of water at 17.2 
 
 dissolve 63.87 pts. of it, or 
 
 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 1.566 pts. of water at 
 17.2. (Thomson, .Ann. Phil., (2.) 10. 442 
 [T.].) Less soluble in water than the 10 hy- 
 drated salt. " This salt is identical with my 6 
 Na 0, C Oa + 7 H 0." [See above, under 6.1 
 (Loewel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 383.) 
 
 II.) iSesfltaCARBONATE OF SODA. Permanent. 
 
 2 Na 0, 3 C 2 Less soluble in water than the mono- 
 
 carbonate, but more soluble than the 
 bicarbonate. (H. Rose.) 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve pts. 
 At C. of the theoretical of the cryst. 
 
 anhydrous salt salt 
 
 2 NaO, 300,. 2NaO, 30 2 4-3 Aq. 
 ... 12.63 . . . 16.60 
 10 15.50 20.53 
 
 20 18.30 24.55 
 
 30 21.15 28.48 
 
 40 23.95 32.51 
 
 50 26.78 36.66 
 
 60 29.68 40.97 
 
 70 32.55 45.30 
 
 80 35.80 50.32 
 
 90 38.63 54.77 
 
 100 . . .41.59 . . . 59.48 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 468.) 
 III.) Z&CARBONATE OF SODA. Permanent. 
 NaO, 2C0 2 Soluble in 13 pts. of cold water, de- 
 composed by boiling water. (V. 
 Rose.) Soluble in 8 pts. of cold water (Berthollet) ; 
 in 10 pts. of water at ordinary temperature (Du- 
 mas, Tr.) ; in 13.33 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. 
 of water at 17.7 dissolve 9.33 pts. of it. [T.] 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve pts. 
 At C. of the theoretical of the cryst. 
 
 anhydrous salt salt 
 
 NaO, 2C0 2 . NaO, HO, 200, 
 ... 7.92 . . . 8.95 
 10 8.88 10.04 
 
 20 9.84 11.15 
 
 30 10.80 12.24 
 
 40 11.76 13.35 
 
 50 12.72 14.45 
 
 60 13.68 15.57 
 
 70 ... 14.64 . . . 16.69 
 Since it is decomposed at about 70, the solu- 
 bility above that temperature cannot be studied. 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. pp. 468, 475.) 
 CARBONATE OF SODA & of sesguioxide OF 
 *UKANIUM. Soluble in water. (Ebelmen, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 206.) Soluble in aqueous so- 
 lutions of carbonate and bicarbonate of soda ; after 
 
 standing for some time a precipitate forms in the 
 solution in the carbonate, but not in that of the 
 bicarbonate. (H.Rose, Tr.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF SODA & OF YTTRIA. 
 
 CARBONATE OF SODA & OF ZINC. Insoluble 
 3 (Na 0, C O.j) ; 8 (Zn 0, C 0,) + 8 Aq in water, but is 
 
 decomposed by 
 
 water. (Wcehler.) Less readily decomposed by 
 water than most of the double carbonates. (H. 
 Deville, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 101.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF SODA with PHOSPHATE OF 
 NaO,COj; 3(2NaO,HO,P0 6 )+40Aq SODA. Per- 
 manent. Tol- 
 erably easily soluble in water. (T. Thomson, in 
 his First Principles, 2. 451 ; and in his System of 
 Chem., London, 1831, 2. 804.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF SODA with TARTRATE OF 
 NaO, C0 2 ; 1 " tartrate of alumina " +9 Aq ALUMINA. 
 
 When so- 
 lutions of carbonate of soda and tartrate of alumi- 
 na are mixed in equivalent proportions, and the 
 solution evaporated, the double salt crystallizes out 
 in long transparent four-sided prisms. (T. Thom- 
 son, in his First Principles, 2. 451 ; and in his 
 System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 804.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF STANNETHTL. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 CARBONATE OF STIBC&AMYL. Soluble in 
 Sb (C 10 H u ) 2 0, C 0, ether, and alcohol. 
 
 CARBONATE OF STiBfrz'ETHYL. Soluble in 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 8 SbO,C0 2 water. (Merck.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF STIBETHTLIUM. Exceedingly 
 deliquescent. 
 
 CARBONATE of STIBMETHTLETHTLIDM. Sol- 
 Sb (C 2 H 3 ) (C 4 H 5 ) 3 0, C 2 uble in water. (Fried- 
 lasnder.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF STIBMETHYLITJM. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 II.) bi. Deliquescent. Very soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CARBONATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 18045 
 Sr 0, C 2 pts. of water at ordinary temperatures, 
 and in 56545 pts. of water containing 
 ammonia and carbonate of ammonia. (Fresenius, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 59. 121.) Soluble in 
 12522 pts. of water at 15 (Kremers, Pogq. Ann., 
 85. 247) ; in about 33000 pts. of water. (Bineau, 
 C. R., 41. 511.) 1000 pts. of water dissolve 0.01 
 pt. of carbonate of strontia. (Bineau, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1857, (3.) 51. 299.) Sensibly less soluble in 
 water than sulphate of strontia. (Dulong, Ann. de 
 Chim., 82. 290.) Soluble in 1536 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Hope, Edinburgh Trans., 4. 5. [T.].) 
 Soluble in 850 [in 833 pts. at 10 (in Gmelin)] pts. 
 of a saturated aqueous solution of carbonic acid 
 (= 1 Sr O : 6 COj). (Lassaigne, J. Ch. Mt?d., 4. 
 312 ; in Berzelius's Jahresbericht, 29. 132.) Solu- 
 ble in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, with evolution of ammonia. (Fuchs ; 
 Demar9ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 251.) Sol- 
 uble in a cold aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium. (Vogel, J. pr. Chem., 1836, 7. 455.) 
 Easily soluble in a cold aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium, and an excess of ammonia 
 produces no precipitate in this solution. (Brett, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96, 334.) Readily 
 soluble in cold aqueous solutions of nitrate and 
 succinate of ammonia, and of chloride of ammo- 
 nium. Decomposed when boiled with solutions 
 of ammoniacal salts. 
 
120 
 
 CARBONATES. 
 
 Tolerably readily soluble in solutions of chloride 
 of ammonium and of nitrate of ammonia, but is 
 reprecipitated on the addition of ammonia and 
 carbonate of ammonia more completely than car- 
 bonate of baryta. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 127.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of normal citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the salts of sesquioxide of iron, with precipita- 
 tion of a basic iron salt ; but few, if any, of the 
 salts of R O oxides are thus decomposed by it in 
 the cold, although on boiling it is dissolved by 
 some of them. [Compare Carbonate of Lime, 
 and of Baryta,] (Demarcay, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1834, 11. pp. 242, 244,251.) It is partially de- 
 composed when boiled with aqueous solutions of 
 the sulphates of potash, soda, lime, ammonia, and 
 magnesia; the phosphates of soda and ammonia; 
 the sulphites of potash, soda, and ammonia; the 
 phosphites of potash, soda, and ammonia ; borate 
 of soda ; the arseniates of potash and soda ; the 
 oxalates of potash and ammonia; fluoride of 
 sodium ; and chromate of potash. With the am- 
 monia salts the decomposition is complete. (Du- 
 long, Ann. de Ckim., 82. 286.) Only slightly 
 decomposed by aqueous solutions of the sulphates 
 of potash and soda. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., p. 
 385.) 
 
 When an equivalent of Sr O, C O 2 is boiled 
 with an equivalent of 2 NaO, HO, P 5 , 0.4412 
 of it may be decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 51. 335.) It is not decomposed by 
 a mixture of 1 pt. oil of vitriol and 6 pts. of ab- 
 solute alcohol, nor by alcoholic solutions of ra- 
 cemic, tartaric, citric, or glacial acetic acids ; but 
 is immediately decomposed by a mixture of nitric 
 acid and absolute alcohol, and is also acted upon 
 by a solution of oxalic acid in absolute alcohol, 
 although- the oxalate which is formed is insoluble 
 in the alcoholic mixture. 
 
 CARBONATE OP STRYCHNINE. Soluble in car- 
 bonic acid water. 
 
 CARBONATE OF SULPHETHYL. Vid. Ethyl- 
 SulphoCarbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 Z?CARBONATE OF ^SULPHIDE OF ETHYL. 
 (Persuifure Ethyl sulphocar- Insoluble in water. 
 bonique (of Gerhardt) ) Readily soluble in 
 
 C lz H 10 8 S t =b0%H alcohol, and ether. 
 Miscible in all pro- 
 portions with absolute alcohol, but its solubility 
 decreases in proportion as water is added ; spirit 
 of 40% taking up but little of it. (Debus.) 
 
 jBiCARBONATE OF 6t'SuLPHIDE OF ETHYL & 
 
 P n C 2 4 <,C 4 H 3 S 2 OF monoSDLPHiDE 
 Cu H 10 8 s s = c 2 o 4 ? C 4 H B 8 OF ETHYL. Insol- 
 uble in water. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. Insoluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Unacted upon by cold, decomposed by 
 hot nitric acid. \ Debus.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF SULPHIBE OF ETHYL & ovX. 
 Vid. EthylSulphoCarbonate of X. 
 
 CARBONATE OF TETRYL. Vid. Carbonate of 
 Butyl. 
 
 CARBONATE OF THORIA. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water, or carbonic acid 
 water. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline 
 carbonates, tolerably easily if these solutions are 
 concentrated, but difficultly when they are very di- 
 lute. [Compare Oxide of Thorium (II.) hydrated).] 
 
 CARBONATE OF TIN. Decomposes when ex- 
 2 Sn 0, C 2 posed to the air. Insoluble in water. 
 (H. Deville.) Insoluble in carbonic 
 acid water. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 55.) 
 
 CARBONATE of sesquioxide OF URANITJV. In- 
 soluble in water. Soluble in carbonic acid water. 
 (Brande.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF UREA. 
 
 (Allophanic Acid.) Jf ot i so l a t e d. 
 
 CARBONATE OF VERATRIN. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Langlois, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 504.) 
 
 CARBONATE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water. 
 Y 0, C 2 + 3 Aq Slightly soluble in carbonic acid 
 water. (Gadolin.) Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline carbonates ; more 
 soluble in a solution of carbonate of ammonia 
 than in carbonate of potash. (Berlin.) More 
 soluble than carbonate of ceria, but five or six 
 times less soluble than carbonate of glucina, in a 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia. (Vauquelin.) 
 Slightly soluble in a large excess of a solution of 
 carbonate of potash ; completely soluble in a very 
 large excess of bicarbonate of potash ; carbonate 
 of ammonia behaves in a similar manner, but in a 
 saturated solution of carbonate of yttria in car- 
 bonate of ammonia a double salt precipitates itself 
 after a time, and might easily lead one to believe 
 that carbonate of yttria were insoluble in car- 
 bonate of ammonia. (H. Rose, Tr.) Gradually 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of ammoniacal salts. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Soluble in sulphurous acid. 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 75) ; and 
 easily in the acids generally. 
 
 CARBONATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Calculated as anhydrous, 1 pt. is 
 Zn 0, C 2 + Aq soluble in 20895 pts. of water at 
 15. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 85. 
 248.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of carbon- 
 ate of ethylamin. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 30. 483.) Easily soluble in acids. (De Senar- 
 mont.) Easily soluble in a warm aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 Carbonate of zinc is not precipitated from solu- 
 tions containing a soluble citrate. (Spiller.) Sol- 
 uble in a solution of caustic potash. 
 
 All the carbonates of zinc are soluble in car- 
 bonic acid water. (Jahn.) 
 
 II.) di. 
 2 Zn 0, C 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 in.) 5 ZnO, 2 C 2 + 3 Aq Dissolves in from 2000 
 to 3000 pts. of water, 
 
 but separates out when the solution is heated, and 
 does not redissolve on cooling. (Schindler.) Sol- 
 uble in 44642 pts. of water at ordinary tempera- 
 tures. (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 59. 126.) 
 Easily soluble in solutions of potash, soda, am- 
 monia, and carbonate of ammonia, also in acids. 
 When the solution in potash or soda is boiled it is 
 not altered if it be concentrated, but if it is dilute 
 almost all the oxide of zinc will separate out. 
 The ammoniacal solution also, and that in car- 
 bonate of ammonia, deposits oxide of zinc when 
 boiled, especially when dilute. Somewhat soluble 
 in solutions of the alkaline bicarbonates, also solu- 
 ble in solutions of ammoniacal salts. (Fresenius, 
 Quant., pp. 133, 759.) Soluble in a boiling aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of ammonium, with evo- 
 lution of ammonia. (Fuchs ; Demarcay, Ann. 
 der Pharm., 1834, 11. 251.) Soluble even in a 
 cold aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 and also, though somewhat less perfectly, in a 
 solution of nitrate of ammonia (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. 97; Wittstein) ; a free evolution 
 occurring when the mixture is boiled. (L. Thomp- 
 son, Phil. Mag., (3.) 10. 179.) Soluble in aqueous 
 
CARBYL. 
 
 121 
 
 n ro rc 5 H s n 
 U, L- U 2 ; JN < " U, 
 ILU 
 
 solutions of the salts of sesquioxide of iron with 
 evolution of carbonic acid and precipitation of 
 sesquioxide of iron. [Compare Carbonate of 
 Lime.] (Fuchs, Schweigger's Journ. filr Ch. u. 
 Phys., 1831, 62. 193.) Insoluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the monocarbonates of potash or soda. 
 (Compare Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 220.) 
 A solution of carbonate of potash produces a pre- 
 cipitate in solutions of sulphate of zinc in presence 
 of 10000 pts. of water, and even in presence of 
 20000 pts. of water after a time. (Lassaigne.) 
 Soluble in 1428 pts. of a saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonic acid. (Lassaigne, J. Ch. Me'd., 
 4. 312 ; in Berzelius's J. B., 29. 135.) 
 
 IV.) tetra. 
 4ZnO,C 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 V.) 8ZnO, C0 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 CARBONATE OF ZINC & OF ZINCAMMONIUM. 
 Decomposed by water, 
 especially when this is 
 boiling. (Deville.) 
 CARBONATE OF ZIRCONIA. Insoluble in water. 
 2 Zr 2 3 , C 2 -f 6 Aq Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the alkaline carbonates, better 
 in the bicarbonates, and of carbonate of ammonia, 
 especially if the zirconium salt be added by degrees, 
 and with agitation, to an excess of the carbonate. 
 On boiling the saturated solution, hydrate of zir- 
 conia is precipitated, while carbonic acid is ex- 
 pelled. This precipitation by boiling is incom- 
 plete, however, unless ammonia be present, in 
 which case carbonate of ammonia is expelled. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 188.) Slightly soluble in a 
 large excess of a solution of carbonate of potash ; 
 somewhat more readily soluble in bicarbonate of 
 potash, the saturated solution becoming cloudy on 
 boiling ; also more readily soluble in carbonate of 
 ammonia than in monocarbonate of potash, a 
 gelatinous precipitate falling when the solution is 
 boiled. (H. Rose, 2V.) 
 
 CARBONIC ETHER. Vid. Carbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 CARBONIC OXIDE. Soluble in 50 volumes of 
 (Carbonyl.) recently boiled water (Davy, Thom- 
 00, or C 2 2 son) ; in 16 vols. (De Saussure) ; in 
 27 vols. of water. (Dalton, in his 
 New System, 2. 375 ; D. refers to his memoir in 
 Manchester Memoirs, [N. S.] 1. pp. 272, 436.) 
 
 1 vol. of water under a 
 
 pressure of O m . 76 of 
 
 mercury, at *C 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 Dissolves of carbonic oxide 
 
 gas ; yols. reduced to 0C, 
 
 and 0>.76 pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 0.03287 
 0.03207 
 0.03131 
 0.03057 
 0.02987 
 0.02920 
 0.02857 
 0.02796 
 0.02739 
 0.02686 
 0.02635 
 0.02588 
 0.02544 
 0.02504 
 0.02466 
 0.02432 
 0.02402 
 0.02374 
 0.02350 
 0.02329 
 0.02312 
 
 1 vol. of alcohol under Dissolves of carbonic oxide 
 
 a pressure of O m .76 gas ; voh. reduced to 0C . 
 
 of mercury at C. and O m .76 pressure of 
 
 mercury . 
 At all temperatures from 
 
 to 25 . . . 0.20443 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 147, 287, 128.) 
 
 At 18 and the ordinary pressure, 
 100 vols. of 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp 287, 128, 146.) 
 16 
 
 Dissolve vols. 
 
 of C 0. 
 
 Water 6.2 
 
 AlcoholofO.84sp.gr. 14.5 
 
 Rectified naphtha of 0.784 sp. gr. 20.0 
 Oil of lavender (freshly distilled) of 
 
 0.88 sp. gr. 15.6 
 
 01iveoilofO.915sp.gr. 14.2 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 chloride of potassium (containing 
 26% of K Cl) of 1.168 sp. gr. 5.2 
 
 (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1814, 
 
 47. pp. 167, 169.) 
 
 1 vol. of oil of turpentine absorbs from 0.16 (8) 
 0.2vol. of it. (Saussure, in Gm., 14. 270.) Sol- 
 uble in ether. (Regnault, Phil. Mag., (4.) 9. 16.) 
 Insoluble in caoutchin. Carbonic oxide is almost 
 insoluble in all known solvents, excepting solu- 
 tions of the compounds of dinoxide of copper. 
 1 volume of a solution of dichloride of copper in 
 chlorhydric acid can absorb even 15 (a) 20 vols. of 
 carbonic oxide. At boiling the solution retains 
 only a trace of this gas. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 51. 65.) 
 
 CARBONIC OXIDE with ^'CHLORIDE OF COP- 
 PER. Vid. Chloride of Carbonyl & of Copper. 
 
 CARBONIDSULFOSAURES ETHYL. Vid. 
 
 bonate of fo'Sulphide of Ethyl. 
 
 CARBONYL. Vid. Carbonic Oxide. 
 
 CARBONYLSULFOS&URE. Vid. 
 
 Carbonic Acid. 
 
 CARBOSTYRYL. Nearly insoluble in cold, tol- 
 C 18 H 7 N 2 = N (C 16 H,) (C 0) 2) or N j < H 6 O a erably 
 
 ly sol- 
 uble in boiling water ; somewhat more soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble, without alteration, in warm 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. Easily soluble in a 
 solution of caustic potash. Insoluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Chiozza.) 
 
 CARBoSuLPHAMiD. Vid. fo'Sulphide of Sul- 
 phoCarb(onyl) ammonium. 
 
 CARBoTniAcETONiN. Not isolated. 
 
 ^20 HIS N 2 S 4 
 
 CARBOTHIACETONIN With fijCHLORlDE OF 
 
 C 20 H 18 N 2 8 4 PtS 2 ,PtCl 2 PLATINUM. Ppt. 
 
 CARBOTHIALDIN. Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 C 10 H w N 2 S 4 ingly soluble in cold, very soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. Insoluble in cold 
 ether. 
 
 Readily soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid ; the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when boiled, 
 also when kept for some time. (Redtenbacher.) 
 
 CARBoViNic ACID. Vid. EthylCarbonic Acid. 
 
 CARBOXIDE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 Bi(or Aeav#)CARBURETTED HYDROGEN. Vid. 
 Ethylene. 
 
 " .BZ'CARBURET OF HYDROGEN "(of Faraday). 
 Vid. Hydride of Phenyl. 
 
 Z.ig'faCARBURETTED HYDROGEN. ) Vid. Hy- 
 ProtoCARBURETTED HYDROGEN. 5 dride Of 
 
 Methyl. 
 
 CARBYL. Vid. Ethylene. 
 C 4 H 4 
 
122 
 
 CASEIN. 
 
 CARDOL. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 C 42 11,0 4 in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Stscdeler.) 
 
 CARMINIC ACID. Soluble in all proportions 
 (Carmin.) in water, alcohol, and a mixture of 
 C28 H Hi6 alcohol and ether; but only sparingly 
 soluble in pare ether. 
 
 Very much less soluble in a solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium than in pure water. (Robinet, 
 cited in Schweiqger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 1825,45. 241.) Soluble, without alteration, in 
 chlorhydric and sulphuric acids. Decomposed by 
 nitric acid. (W. De la Rue.) 
 
 CARMINATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 CM H 13 Cu 10 + Aq 
 
 CARMiN(coloring matter of Cochineal). Vid. 
 Carminic Acid. 
 
 " CARMiN(blue) ". Vid. Sulphlndigotate of 
 Potash. 
 
 CARMUFELLIC ACID. Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 
 CM H 20 S2 = C M H 18 31 , HO ingly soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol or ether. Is not attacked by cold- concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic potash and ammonia. (Muspratt 
 & Danson.) 
 
 CARMUFELLATE OF BARYTA. Barely soluble 
 C 24 H 10 Ba 82 + Aq in water. Abundantly soluble 
 in chlorhydric and nitric acids. 
 (M. & D.) 
 
 CARMUFELLATE OF COPPER (Cu O). Ppt. 
 
 CARMUFELLATE OF IRON (FeO,&re 2 Os). Ppts. 
 
 CARMUFELLATE OF LEAD. Almost insoluble 
 C 24 H 19 Pb 32 + Aq in water, but dissolves in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 CARMUFELLATE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 CARMUFELLATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 CARMUFELLATE OF STRONTIA. Ppt. 
 
 CAROTIN. Permanent. Insoluble in water. 
 C 36 H^ 2 Soluble in alcohol or ether only when 
 contaminated with an oil which occurs 
 with it. Insoluble in acetic acid or in alkaline 
 solutions. Easily soluble in fatty and essential 
 oils. (Wackenroder.) Completely insoluble in 
 water. After having been purified from an oil 
 which occurs with it -in the carrot-root it is al- 
 most insoluble in alcohol, and wood-spirit. When 
 pure it is very sparingly soluble in ether, and ace- 
 tone ; but more readily soluble in ether when the 
 oil is present. Abundantly soluble in bisulphide 
 of carbon, from which it may be precipitated by 
 adding absolute alcohol. After having been fused, 
 carotin dissolves with tolerable facility in alcohol, 
 and ether, but it no longer crystallizes from these 
 solutions. (Zeise, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 
 125.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. When pure it is not com- 
 pletely insoluble in absolute alcohol. Much more 
 soluble in alcohol when contaminated with hydro- 
 carotin or amorphous carotin. Besides bisulphide 
 of carbon, it is easily soluble in benzin, and essen- 
 tial oils. Also slowly soluble in cold fatty oils. 
 But is difficultly soluble in ether, chloroform, and 
 alcohol. When exposed to daylight, carotin 
 gradually loses its color, and after having been 
 thus bleached is only very difficultly soluble in 
 bisulphide of carbon, and benzin, but is easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. A similar change 
 is produced by heat (Husemann, Ann. Ch. ~u. 
 Pharm., 1861,117.216.) 
 
 CAROTINE chlore'e. Vid. Chloro Carotin. 
 
 CARTHAGIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 alcohol. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 408.) 
 
 CARTHAMIN (from Carthamus tinctorius). 
 a.) Yellow principle. Soluble in water and in 
 weak acids. 
 
 dtovwith OXIDE OF LEAD. 
 C w H 10 10 ,3PbO 
 
 b.) Red principle (the true Carthamin). Insoluble 
 
 (Carihamit Add.) in water, dilute acids, or oils. 
 
 ^28 H w i4 Sparingly soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 less so in ether. Readily soluble 
 
 in dilute alkaline solutions, even in baryta-water. 
 
 Little soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 CARVACROL. Slightly soluble in water. Easily 
 (Camphocreosote.') soluble in alcohol, ether, and an 
 Cjo H 14 2 aqueous solution of caustic pot- 
 
 ash. Concentrated sulphuric 
 acid precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Schweitzer.) 
 
 CARVENE. Difficultly soluble in water. Easily 
 C M H io soluble in alcohol, and ether. ( Schweitzer.) 
 
 CARTOL. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble, 
 CJQ H M 2 in water. 
 
 CAHYOPHYLLIN. Insoluble in water, even 
 C 20 H 18 2 when this is boiling. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold, easily soluble in boiling 
 alcohol, and ether. (Bonastre.) Soluble in oil 
 of turpentine ; less easily in rock-oil. (Jahn.) 
 Sparingly soluble in strong acetic acid. Insoluble 
 in dilute mineral acids or in aqueous solutions of 
 caustic or carbonated potash or ammonia. (My- 
 lius.) Sparingly soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of caustic soda, and somewhat more readily in 
 caustic potash. (Bonastre.) Soluble in cold con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Bonastre.) 
 
 CARYOPHILLITE OF POTASH. Soluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. The metallic caryophillites are 
 insoluble. (Playfair, Eep. Br. Assoc., 1842, p. 36.) 
 
 CASCARILLIN (from the bark of Croton Eleu- 
 teria). Very sparingly soluble in water. More 
 readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid ; and in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated by water. 
 
 CASEIC OXIDE. Vid. Leucin. 
 
 CASEIN. Some chemists admit two modifica- 
 tions ; one soluble, the other insoluble, in water. 
 But soluble casein has never been obtained free 
 from alkali. 
 
 a.) Insoluble casein. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 or ether. Easily soluble in a solution of caustic 
 potash ; the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when boiled. Soluble in solutions of carbonate of 
 soda and of diphosphate of soda ; also easily sol- 
 uble in solutions of chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of ammonium, nitrate of potash, &c. 
 
 Soluble in cold concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 (Caventou, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 326.) . 
 (9.) Soluble casein. Soluble in water, the solution 
 not coagulating when heated. After having been 
 dried, casein does not redissolve entirely in water. 
 But when heated with water under pressure it dis- 
 solves entirely, with decomposition. (Hlaziwetz.) 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol ; partially soluble in 
 weak alcohol, especially on boiling. (Compare 
 Dumas & Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 
 417, 39t).) Moist casein dissolves completely in 
 water containing -3-^-$ of chlorhydric acid. All 
 the acids, even acetic and lactic, precipitate casein 
 from its aqueous solution, but these precipitates 
 redissolve in an excess of acid. All the soluble 
 
CELLULOSE. 
 
 123 
 
 earthy and metallic salts precipitate casein solu- 
 tions, but chloride of calcium, sulphate of lime, 
 acetate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia produce 
 precipitates only when the mixed solutions are 
 heated. 
 
 CASEIN with LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CASEIN with protoxide of MERCURY. Soluble 
 in alcohol and in acetic acid. 
 
 CASSiN(from Cassia fistula). 
 
 CASTiN(from the seeds of Vitex Agnus castus). 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Partially soluble in 
 acetic acid. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Lan- 
 derer.) 
 
 CASTORIN. Insoluble in cold water. Sparing- 
 ly soluble in cold, more soluble in hot alcohol, 
 lieadily soluble in ether. Soluble in warm vola- 
 tile oils. 
 
 Soluble in 100 pts. of boiling alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. Soluble in volatile oils. ( Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 425.) 
 
 CATECHIN. Soluble in boiling, nearly insoluble 
 (Catechuic Add. Catechucic in cold water. Soluble 
 
 Acid. Tanningenic Add.) in 1133 pts . o f water at 
 
 C->i o.i U-ti H~ D AQ , _ o i , 
 
 17 , and in 2 i 3 pts. at 
 
 the temperature of boiling. Dry catechin mixed 
 with 2 pts. of cold water swells up to a thick pulp, 
 which at 80 forms a clear solution. (Wacken- 
 roder.) Soluble in 16000 pts. of water at 5, and 
 in 3 f 4 pts. at boiling. ( Buechner.) Soluble 
 in 5 i 6 pts. of cold, and ilr 2 3 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol (Wackenrodcr) ; in 120 pts. of cold, and 
 in 2 (a) 3 pts. of boiling alcohol ; and in 7 18> 8 pts. 
 of boiling ether (Buechner) ; in 120 pts. of cold, 
 and in 7 @ 8 pts. of boiling ether. ( Wacken- 
 roder.) Insoluble in oil of turpentine. Soluble, 
 without alteration, in acetic acid. Decomposed 
 by concentrated acids, but is soluble, without de- 
 composition, in dilute sulphuric, and hot dilute 
 chlorhyd/ic acid. Soluble, without immediate 
 decomposition, in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies and of ammonia. 
 
 CATECHIN with BARIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 (Svanberg.) 
 
 CATECHIN with &/CHROMATE OF POTASH. In- 
 soluble in water and in chlorhydric acid. (Wack- 
 enroder.) Soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Delfts.) 
 
 CATECHIN with COPPER (Cu 0). Ppt. 
 
 CATECHIN with terOxiDE OF GOLD. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 CATECHIN with protOniDK OF IRON. Ppt. 
 Soluble in acetic acid. 
 
 CATECHIN with perOxiDE OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 CATECHIN with LEAD. 
 
 I.) "C U H 6 6 , PbO" Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Svanberg.) 
 
 II.) " C 14 H 6 6 , 2 Pb + Aq" Insoluble in water. 
 (Hagen.) 
 
 CATECHIN with rfmOxiDE OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 CATECHIN with profOxiDE OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Soluble in acetic acid, and in an aqueous solution 
 of chloride of sodium. (Wackenroder.) 
 
 CATECHIN with 6mOxiDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 CATECHU. Partially soluble in cold water. 
 (The dried aqueous extract Almost entirely soluble 
 of several tropical trees.) in boiling water and in 
 alcohol. 
 
 CATECHUCIC ACID. ) ^ Catechin . 
 
 CATECHUIC ACID. > 
 
 CATECHUTANNIC ACID. Vid. MimoTannic 
 Acid. 
 
 CATHARTIN. Hygroscopic. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Decomposed 
 by alkaline solutions. The cathartin of Wi tickler 
 is now thought to have been impure chrysophanic" 
 acid. 
 
 CAULOPHYLLIN. Partially soluble in water; 
 (Prom the root of Caulo- more soluble in alcohol. 
 P/iyllum thalictroides.) Completely soluble in an 
 aqueous or alcoholic solu- 
 tion of ammonia. Insoluble in ether. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 194.) 
 
 CAUTSCHIN, &c. Vid. Caoutchin. 
 
 CEDRENE. More soluble in alcohol than the 
 CjoH^ solid body (C 3 o Use Oa), which occurs with 
 it in oil of juniper. 
 
 CEDRIN (from the seeds of Slmaba cedron). Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Lewy.) 
 
 CEDRIRET. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 ether. Soluble in creosote, in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, and in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. Also somewhat soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of acetate of potash. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 CELLULOSE. Insoluble in cold water, in alco- 
 C 12 H 10 O 10 hoi, ether, or "the oils. Many samples 
 of it may be disaggregated, with for- 
 mation .of dextrin, by boiling with water; but the 
 more compact varieties are capable of resisting 
 for a long time the action of boiling water and of. 
 many other more energetic agents. 
 
 Soluble at ordinary temperatures in an aqueous 
 solution of ammoniacal oxide of copper (prepared 
 by dissolving basic hyposulphate or basic sulphate 
 of copper in a concentrated solution of ammonia). 
 Paper and linen dissolve more slowly than cotton. 
 (Schweizer.) The solution of ammoniacal oxide 
 of copper is a more effective solvent of cellulose 
 when recently prepared ; after having been re- 
 peatedly exposed to the air it is less efficacious. 
 (C. Cramer.) The solvent power of the solution 
 is also often lost when it is preserved in carefully 
 closed vessels. (Schweizer.) In presence of salts 
 the power of ammoniacal oxide of copper to dis- 
 solve cellulose (or to cause it to swell up to a 
 thin emulsion) is very much diminished ; a clear 
 solution of cellulose being immediately precipi- 
 tated on the addition of a strong solution of an 
 alkaline salt. A solution of honey, of gum arabic, 
 or of dextrin also produces immediate and com- 
 plete precipitation. When a clear concentrated 
 solution of cellulose is largely diluted with water 
 it becomes cloudy and deposits flocks. Cellulose 
 is not precipitated from its solution by chloroform 
 or ether (neither of which are miscible therewith) 
 nor by a concentrated solution of urea ; but it is 
 precipitated by alcohol. In order that the solvent 
 should be effective it should contain a large quan- 
 tity of oxide of copper. ( Schlossberger. ) Schloss- 
 berger prepares the solvent by dissolving recently 
 precipitated and well-washed hydrate of copper in 
 strong ammonia-water. Peligot prepares it by 
 causing ammonia-water to trickle over copper 
 turnings exposed to the air ; the solution obtained 
 dissolves a weight of cellulose about equal to that 
 of the copper which it contains ; when treated 
 with this solution, cotton is first converted into a 
 thick jelly, which disappears on agitation. On 
 the addition of an acid the cellulose is reprecipi- 
 tated as an amorphous mass. 
 
 Cellulose is insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 ammonio-oxide of nickel. (Schlossberger.) 
 
 Concentrated acids, like sulphuric or chlorhy- 
 dric, dissolve cotton after having first reduced it 
 to a pulpy condition ; from the recent solution it 
 
124 
 
 CETRAKIC ACID. 
 
 can be separated as a matter insohible in hot or 
 cold water. After longer action of sulphuric acid 
 the cellulose may be separated as a gelatinous 
 mass soluble in cold water ("soluble lignin ") ; 
 and by still longer continued action of the acid 
 the cellulose is changed to a variety of dextrin, 
 and finally to sugar. (Beehamp, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 48. 458.) Very concentrated sulphuric acid 
 is an excellent solvent of cellulose ; dissolving it 
 quickly and with the greatest facility. In this 
 solution, when recently prepared, water occasions 
 a precipitate, but after the solution has been 
 allowed to stand for a day or two no precipitate 
 is produced on the addition of water, the cellu- 
 lose having been entirely converted into glu- 
 cose. When cellulose is boiled for a long time in 
 water acidulated with a few hundredths of chlor- 
 hydric or sulphuric acids, it is transformed into 
 sugar. When a mixture of cellulose and caustic 
 potash is heated to 1 60 and then treated with an 
 acid, a substance, having the composition and 
 general properties of cellulose, is precipitated. It 
 is, however, soluble both in cold and in warm 
 alkaline solutions. (Pelouze.) Concentrated phos- 
 phoric acid slowly disaggregates it in the cold. 
 CENTAURIN. Vid. Cnicin. 
 
 CERAIN. Difficultly soluble in ether or oil of 
 
 ( Unsaponifiable par- turpentine ; and still more 
 
 tion of Beeswax.) difficultly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Boudet & Boissenot, Ettling.) 
 
 CERAINIC AciD(of Hess). Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 Cjo H 20 3 and still more readily in ether. Easily 
 
 soluble, with combination, in aqueous 
 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 CBRASIN. Vid. Bassorin, under GUM Bassora. 
 
 CEREALIN. Easily soluble in water. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol, ether, or oils. The aqueous solu- 
 tion coagulates when heated to 75. (Mege-Mou- 
 ries.) 
 
 CERIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 (From action of N Of, in alcohol. Easily soluble in 
 
 aqueous solutions of caustic 
 
 ^42 -"-"W * ' 191 il " 11 I T\ 
 
 potash and ammonia. (Doep- 
 Png-) 
 
 CERATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 CEREBRIC ACID. Insoluble in water, but 
 (Cerebrin.) swells up to an emulsion in hot water. 
 C M H 33 N0 6 Readily soluble in boiling, less solu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. Almost insoluble 
 in cold, more soluble in boiling ether. Soluble in 
 cold concentrated sulphuric acid, the solution 
 being precipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 CEREBRATE OF AMMONIA. Almost insoluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 CEREBRATE OF BARYTA. 
 CEREBRATE OF LIME. 
 CEREBRATE OF POTASH. 
 CEREBRATE OF SODA. 
 
 ) Form emulsions 
 ) with water. 
 ) Almost insoluble 
 J in alcohol. 
 
 CEREBRATE OF STRONTIA. Forms an emul- 
 sion with water. 
 
 CERINIC AciD(from Beeswax). Very sparing- 
 ly soluble in ordinary alcohol, and in ether; more 
 readily soluble in absolute alcohol. (Lewy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 444.) 
 
 CERIN. Vid. Cerotic Acid ; also Wax of Cork. 
 
 CERIUM. Slowly oxidized by water at the 
 Ce ordinary temperature, more rapidly on boiling. 
 Easily soluble in dilute acids. (Mosander.) 
 
 CEROLEIN. Very soluble in cold alcohol, and 
 ether. (Lewy, Ann. Ch. et Pkys., (3.) 13. 444.) 
 
 CEROSIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Very 
 C 48 H 48 3 sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol or 
 ether. Soluble in naphtha. (Lewy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 556.) 
 
 CEROSATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in boiling 
 alcohol. (Lewy.) 
 
 CEROSIN. Insoluble in water, or in cold alco- 
 ( Cerosie. Wax of the Sugarcane, hoi. Easily soluble 
 Aldehyde of Cerosic Acid.) jn boiling alcohol, 
 
 C H * the solution solidi- 
 
 fying to a stiff emulsion on cooling. Insoluble in 
 cold, difficultly soluble in boiling ether. (Ave- 
 quin.) Insoluble in cold, very soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Insoluble in cold, difficultly soluble in 
 hot ether. Soluble, with combination, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, forming sulphocerosic acid, 
 the baryta salt of which is very soluble in water. 
 (Lewy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 448.) 
 
 CEROTIC ACID. Soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 
 ( Ce rin(of Beeswax).) uble in cold alcohol. 
 
 M H M 4 = C M H 53 3 , H Soluble in ether. ( Lewy, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 13. 444.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in 16 pts. of boiling alcohol, from which 
 it separates out again, almost entirely, as the solu- 
 tion cools. Soluble in 42 pts. of cold absolute 
 ether. (John.?) Soluble in creosote. (Reichen- 
 bach.) 
 
 CEROTATE OF CERYL. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 (Wax of China.} i" boiling alcohol, 
 
 Oios H 108 4 = 54 H M (C M H M ) 4 and ether. Easily 
 
 soluble in naphtha. 
 
 (Lewy, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 13. 445.) Soluble 
 in a mixture of alcohol and naphtha. 
 
 CEROTATE OF ETHYL. 
 C 68 H 68 4 = C B4 H 68 (C 4 H 5 )0 4 
 
 CEROTATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in boiling al- 
 C^HsaPbOi cohol. 
 
 CEROTATE OF POTASH. Soluble in, boiling 
 water. 
 
 CEROTATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 C M Ha, Ag 4 
 
 CEROTENE. Soluble in ether, and benzm. 
 (Paraffin.) 
 C M H M 
 
 CEROTYL. Not isolated. 
 CM H 53 2 
 
 CEROXYLIN. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 (Resin from the wax of the palm- and the essential oils. 
 tree ( Ceroxylon andicola).) More Soluble than 
 
 CM H ie palm wax in alcohol. 
 
 (Boussingault.) 
 
 CERYL. Not isolated. 
 
 CETENE. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 C 32 H 32 '' in alcohol, and ether. (Dumas & Peli- 
 got.) Soluble in ether. (Lawrence Smith, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 52.) 
 
 CETIN. Vid. Palmitate of Cetyl. 
 
 CETRARIC ACID. Permanent. 100 pts. of 
 (Cetrarin.) absolute alcohol dissolve 0.28 pt. of 
 CSB H 16 16 it at 14, and 1.70 pts. at the tempera- 
 ture of boiling. Alcohol of 0.83 dis- 
 solves 0.04 pt. of it at 14, 0.28 pt. at 25, and 
 0.44 pt. at the temperature of boiling. It is still 
 less soluble in boiling or cold water, bisulphide of 
 carbon, etherol, creosote, etc., but more soluble in 
 acetate of ethyl, and especially in ether, 100 pts. 
 of which dissolve 0.57 pt. of it at 14, and 0.93 pt. 
 at the temperature of boiling; these proportions 
 refer to anhydrous ether, for ordinary ether dis- 
 solves only 0.5 pt. of it at 14, and 0.87 pt. at 
 boiling. Insoluble in fatty oils. Exceedingly 
 
CHELIDONATES. 
 
 125 
 
 easily soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. Di- 
 lute acids precipitate it from its solutions, though 
 not completely. Decomposed by concentrated 
 acids. (Herberger, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 
 pp. 139-141.) Insoluble in essential oils or in 
 naphtha. Almost insoluble in cold water. De- 
 composed by boiling with water. Difficultly solu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. Easily soluble in strong 
 boiling alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. 
 (Knop & Schnedermann.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Herberger, loc. cit., p. 141.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt, in alcohol. 
 (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF COBALT. Ppt., in alcohol. 
 (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF COPPER. Ppt. (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF IRON. Ppt. (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 CsoH^PbjOio (Knop & Schnedermann.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt., in alco- 
 hol. (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF MERCURY (Hg O). Appears 
 to be soluble in alcohol. (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF MERCUKT (Hg 2 O). Ppt, in 
 alcohol. (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF NICKEL. Ppt., in alcohol. 
 (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF SILVER. Ppt. (Herberger.) 
 
 CETRARATE OF ZINC. Ppt., in alcohol. (Her- 
 berger.) 
 
 CETRARIN-BLUE. Slightly soluble in water, 
 alcohol, or the like. Decomposed by alkalies. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids, 
 from which it may be reprecipitated almost un- 
 changed by water, if this be added immediately. 
 (Herberger, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 140.) 
 
 CETYL. Not isolated. 
 
 CETYLALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Palmityl. 
 
 TWCETYLAMIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 (Nitride of Cetyl.) in boiling alcohol. Solu- 
 
 C M H w N = N J (C 32 H^ ble in ether. 
 
 Its salts are insoluble in 
 water, but soluble in warm ether, and alcohol. 
 
 CETYLANILIN. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 (Cetyl Phenylamin?) soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 C 44 H 38 N=N JC' 2 H^ 
 * H 
 
 Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 i n S> I GSS soluble in cold 
 alcohol. 
 
 CETYLATE OF X. Vid. Oxide of Cetyl & 
 of X. 
 
 CETYLPHENYLAMIN. Vid. CetylAnilin. 
 
 CETYLcff'SuLPHoCARBONIC ACID. Vid. Oxy- 
 
 SulphoCarbonatc of Cetyl. 
 
 CETYLcfrSuLPHOCARBONATE OF X. Vid. 
 
 OxySulphoCarbonate of Cetyl & of X. 
 
 CETYLSULPHURIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Sulphacetic Aciil.) 
 C 32 H M S 2 8 = C 32 H M 0, H 0, S 2 8 
 
 CETYLSDLPIIATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 C 32 Hjjg K S 2 O 8 -f 2 Aq absolute alcohol. 
 
 Tolerably soluble in hot 
 
 alcohol ; less easily soluble in hot water. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Koehler.) 
 
 CEVADIO ACID. Soluble in water, alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 r w \r iv S 
 
 N i 
 
 c n H s 
 
 CH^ROPHYLLiN(from the seeds of Chcerophyl- 
 lum bulbosum). 
 
 CHELERYTHRIN. Identical with Sanguinarin, 
 q. v. (Schiel, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 20. 220.) 
 
 CHELIDONIC ACID. Efflorescent. After hav- 
 C 14 H 4 12 + 2 Aq & 3 Aq = ing been dried at 100, 
 C u H 9 , 3 H + 2 Aq & 3 Aq 1 pt. of the acid is sol- 
 uble in 166 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 8, and in about 26 pts. at the temperature 
 of boiling ; the hot solution solidifying on cooling. 
 (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 1839, 29. 116.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, but very much more soluble 
 in hot water ; the hot aqueous solution solidifying 
 on cooling. More abundantly soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric and sulphuric acids than in water. (Lerch.) 
 Soluble in 709 pts. of alcohol, of 75 Richter, at 
 22. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 29. 116.) Solu- 
 ble, without alteration, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid ; the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. Scarcely at all attacked by concentrated 
 nitric acid. Chelidonic acid forms three series of 
 salts : those with one equivalent of metal (acid) 
 are the least stable ; most of those with two equiv- 
 alents of metal are soluble in water ; those of 
 three equivalents of metal are difficultly soluble or 
 insoluble in water, excepting the alkaline salts, 
 which are very soluble. They are decomposed by 
 long-continued contact with water. 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) di. Efflorescent. Soluble in water; but is 
 
 C 14 H 2 (NH 4 ) 2 O 12 + 4Aq decomposed by repeated 
 
 evaporation and solution. 
 
 (Lerch.) Easily soluble in water. (Probst, Ann. 
 der Pharm., 29. 119.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) peracid. 
 C 14 H 3 Ba O t2 ; C 14 H 4 12 + 4 Aq 
 
 II.) di. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 2 BB.J 12 + 2 Aq ( Lerch . ) 
 
 III.) tri, or normal. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 C u H Ba 8 12 + 6 Aq ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Lerch.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF COPPER. Difficultly soluble 
 in water. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 29. 120.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water, but is quickly oxidized when exposed to 
 the air. 
 
 CHELIDONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insol- 
 
 C 14 H Fe 2 " r 12 + Aq uble in water. Somewhat 
 
 soluble in acetic acid, and in 
 
 an aqueous solution of sesquichloride of iron. 
 
 (Lerch.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble, in 
 C 14 H 2 Pb 2 12 + 2 Aq water. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in dilute nitric acid. Ea- 
 sily soluble in strong nitric acid, and in solutions 
 of the other lead salts. (Lerch.) 
 
 II.) tri, or normal. Insoluble in water or alco- 
 C 14 H Pb 3 12 hoi. Soluble in solutions of the 
 other lead salts. (Lerch.) 
 
 III.) basic. Ppt. 
 C 14 H Pb 3 12 ; 3 Pb O 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) peracid. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 C 14 H 3 Ca ]2 , C 14 H 4 12 + 4 Aq 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. Rather difficultly soluble 
 C 14 H 2 Caj Ojj + 6 Aq in water, more easily soluble 
 in hot than in cold. Also 
 soluble in spirit, especially when this is dilute. 
 (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 29. 119 ; Lerch.) 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol. (Lerch.) 
 
126 
 
 CHLORACETAMID. 
 
 III.) tri, or normal. Very sparingly soluble in 
 C u H C&s 12 + 6 Aq water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Lerch.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF LIME & OF POTASH. 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF LIME & OF SILVER. De- 
 C 14 H Ca Ag 2 O^ + Aq, composed when boiled for a 
 long time with water. 
 
 CHELIDONATE or MAGNESIA. Efflorescent. 
 After having been dried at 100 it is soluble in 79 
 pts. of water at 16, and more readily in hot 
 water. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 29. 120.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) di. Very readily soluble in water. (Probst, 
 Ann. der Pharm., 29. 119.) 
 
 II.) tri. Efflorescent. Soluble in water. In- 
 soluble, or nearly insoluble, in alcohol. 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF SANGTJINARIN. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 
 29. 122.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) di. Permanent. Soluble in water, ammo- 
 C u H 2 Ag 2 12 nia-water, and strong nitric acid, the 
 last decomposes it when boiling. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Lerch.) 
 
 II.) tri, or normal. Ppt. 
 C 14 H Ag 3 12 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF SODA. 
 I.) mono. 
 C u II, Na 12 + 4 Aq. 
 
 II.) di. Efflorescent. Readily soluble in cold 
 c Aq or in hot water. 1 pt. of the 
 ^ 3 Aq gal( . drjed at 10Q o ig So]ub i e i n 
 
 q 15.5 pts. of water at 15, and 
 in far less hot water. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 
 29. 119.) 
 
 Ill:) tri. Resembles the potash-salt, 
 
 IV.) peracid. 
 C 14 H 3 Na O u , C u H 4 0^ + 6 Aq 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF STRONTIA. 1 pt. of the salt 
 dried at 100 is soluble in 224 pts. of water at 16, 
 and in far less hot water. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1839, 29. 119.) 
 
 CHELIDONATE OF ZINC. 1 pt. of the salt dried 
 at 100 is soluble in 146 pts. of water at 16, and 
 in far less hot water. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 
 29. 120.) 
 
 CHELIDONIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 C 40 H 19 N 3 6 + 2 ACL = 'N 3 { 0,0 H 18 O 6 + 2 Aq 
 
 lute 
 
 alcohol, and ether. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1839,29. 123.) Since it requires much alcohol 
 to dissolve it, it is better to employ acetic acid, 
 from which solution it crystallizes out uncombined. 
 (Probst., toe. cit., p. 124.) Rather difficultly solu- 
 ble in water ; more easily soluble in ether, and 
 very easily in spirit, and essential oils ; also solu- 
 ble in fatty oils. (Reuling, Ann. der Pharm., 1839, 
 29. 133.) The salts of Chelidonin are easily 
 soluble in water; more difficultly soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol ; and insoluble in anhydrous ether. 
 (Reuling, loc. cit., p. 134.) 
 
 CHELIDOXANTHIN. Very difficultly soluble in 
 cold water, requiring several hundred pts. of cold 
 water for its solution, more easily soluble in hot 
 water. Also difficultly soluble in alcohol ; but 
 more easily soluble in very dilute, than in concen- 
 trated alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Indifferent 
 towards acids and alkalies. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1839, 29. 128.) 
 
 CHENOCHOLIC ACID. 
 
 CHENOCHOLATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHICOCCIC ACID. Vid. Quinovatic Acid. 
 
 CHINAGERBS^URE. Vid. KinoTannic Acid. 
 
 CHINAS^EURE. Vid. Kinic Acid. 
 
 CHINESE GREEN. The coloring matter proper 
 ( Vegetable Green, jg almost insoluble in water, but 
 icTkaoT 1 "" raa 7 eas ^7 be suspended therein. 
 It is insoluble in alcohol, ether, 
 acetone, bisulphide of carbon, or the essential oils. 
 Somewhat soluble in acetic acid, and dilute sul- 
 phuric, chlorhydric, and tartaric acids. Soluble 
 in alkaline solutions. 
 
 CHINHTDRONE. Vid. Kinhydrone. 
 
 CHINIC ACID. Vid. Kinic Acid. 
 
 CHINICIN. Vid. Quinicin. 
 
 CHINIDIN. Vid. Quinidin. 
 
 CHININ. Vid. Quinine. 
 
 CHINOIDIN. Vid. Quinidin. 
 
 CHINOLEIN. i 
 
 CHINOLIN. > Same as Quinolein, q. v. 
 
 CHINOILIN. ) 
 
 CHINONAMID. Vid. Kiuonamid. 
 
 CHINONE. Vid. Kinone. 
 
 CHINOTL. Vid. Kinone. 
 
 CHITIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 Weak acids and alkalies exert no action upon it. 
 Slowly disaggregated and dissolved, with combina- 
 tion, by boiling concentrated acids. (Fremy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 94.) 
 
 CHLOCARBETHAMID. Vid. ferChlorAcetamid. 
 
 CHLORACETAL. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C 4 H s C1 " ( n i n alcohol. Unacted 
 
 = ,A I \ I Ui i 1.0 
 
 (C* "5)2 ) 4 upon by a solution of 
 potash. (Lieben, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 319.) 
 
 ZftCHLORAcETAL. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 
 n IT m f\ C 4 H 2 Cl," | ble in alcohol. Un- 
 
 " Hl2U2U *-(C 4 H 6 ) 2 r 4 acted upon by a solu- 
 
 tion of potash. (Lie- 
 
 ben, loc. cit.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETAL. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 
 r H ni o - 4 H C1 s" I o "We in alcohol. 
 c 12 H U ci s o 4 _ ( ^ H5)2 ^ o 4 
 
 CHLORACETAMIC ACID. Vid. quadriChlor- 
 Acetamid. 
 
 CHLORACETAMID. 
 
 TI 
 
 O Jtli 
 
 c TI PINO - 
 
 C 4 H 4 Cl . 2 _ 
 
 Soluble in 10 pts. of water 
 l at 24 ; and in 10 - 5 
 
 Very sparingly solu- 
 (William, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 ble in ether. 
 49.99.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETAMin. Permanent. Very spar- 
 
 (CloroCarbethamid. Chlor- ingly soluble in cold, 
 
 Acetamid. CUo Carbethamid.) m Q rc , readilv soluble 
 
 C 4 H 2 C1 3 N0 2 = N ^ H ^ 3 * in boiling water. Very 
 
 soluble in alcohol and 
 
 in ether. Soluble, with decomposition, in ammo- 
 nia. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. pp. 
 13, 58, 63, & 37, 73, 80.) Insoluble in water; 
 tolerably soluble in alcohol ; very easily soluble 
 in ether. Soluble, with decomposition, in dilute 
 nitric acid. Soluble, with decomposition, in am- 
 monia, especially if this be hot. (Cloez, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 17. pp. 300, 305.) 
 
 Qwac?nCHLORACETAMiD. Permanent. Insol- 
 
 (ChlorAcetamic Add.) u ble in water. Tol- 
 
 C 4 HC1 4 NO, = N Scf C1 ' 2 ?rably readily soluble 
 
 ( H in alcohol, and wood- 
 
CHLORACETYL. 
 
 127 
 
 spirit. Very soluble in ether. Soluble in cold 
 ammonia- water, and in solutions of the mineral 
 alkalies, with combination. (Cloez, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 17.306.) 
 
 Qcre?n'CHLOKAcETAMiD with AMMONIA. Sol- 
 ( ChiorAcetamate of Am- uble in water. (Cloez.) 
 mania (hydrated).) 
 
 Qac?n'CHLORAcETAMiD with POTASH. Sol- 
 ( ChiorAcetamate of Potash.) uble in water ; the solu- 
 tion undergoing decom- 
 position when boiled. (Cloez.) 
 
 CiiLORAcETic ACID. Deliquescent. Very 
 
 C 4 H 3 Cl 4 = C 4 H 2 Cl 3 , H easily soluble in wa- 
 
 ter, with reduction of 
 
 temperature. Its salts are mostly easily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CiiLORAcKTATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. 
 More soluble in water than the potash salt. 
 
 CHLORACETATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in hot, 
 
 C 4 H 2 Cl Ba 4 + 2 Aq very much less soluble in 
 
 cold water. 
 CHLORACETATE OF perCHLORETHYL ? . 
 
 (Acetate d'dthyle sercltlore. 
 
 Sextichlorovinic Acetate.) 
 
 C 8 H 2 C1 6 4 = C 4 H 2 Cl (C 4 C1 B ) 4 
 
 CHLORACETATE OF CHLOROMETHYLASE. Vid. 
 Acetate of ierChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLORACETATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 8 H 7 Cl 4 = C 4 H 2 Cl (C 4 H 5 ) 4 ter. (R. Hoffmann, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 102. 1.) 
 
 CHLORACETATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very easily soluble 
 C 4 H 2 Cl K 4 + 3 Aq in water. Soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 2 Cl K 4 ; C 4 H 3 Cl 4 
 
 CHLORACETATE OF SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 
 C 4 H 2 Cl Ag 4 uble in cold, more readily in hot 
 
 water. (Hoffmann.) Somewhat 
 
 more soluble in water than the simple acetate. 
 
 (Leblanc.) 
 
 jB/CnLORAcETATE OF AMYL. Vid. Acetate 
 of WChlorAmyl. 
 
 ZJl'CHLORAcETATE OF /7erCHLORETHYL. In- 
 (Acetate d'ethyle septichlori. soluble in water. 
 
 Septichlorovinic Acetate.) SnniHturlw enlnhlo 5n 
 
 C 8 H C1 7 4 = C 4 H C1 2 (C 4 Clg) 4 ^Paring!/ soluble in 
 4 cold spirit. Very 
 soluble in ether. 
 (Leblanc, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 209.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETic ACID. Very deliquescent. 
 C 4 H CL, 4 = C 4 C1 8 0,, H Very soluble in water. 
 (Dumas.) Most of its 
 metallic salts are soluble in water. 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF AMMONIA. Very sol- 
 C 4 C1 3 (N H 4 ) 4 + 4 Aq uble in water. (Malaguti.) 
 
 TerCnLORAcETATE OF BARYTA. Very solu- 
 ble in water. (Dumas.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF perCHLORETHYL. In- 
 
 (PerCMorAcetic Ether. soluble in water. De- 
 
 C 8 Clg 4 = C 4 C1 3 (C 4 C1 5 ) 4 acoo. ( Malaguti. ) 
 Gradually decomposed 
 
 by moist air and by water. Insoluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. Decomposed by strong 
 alkaline solutions. (Leblanc, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 10. 201.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF terCHLOROMETHYL. 
 (Perchlorofnrmic Ether. Per- Decomposed by water 
 chloroMethylic Acetate. Per- j hv moist air- also 
 chlorovmw Formiate. Acetate * bV m l , St ftlr ' , ( 
 de " Metkyline " perchlori. decomposed by alco- 
 Acelate de Methyl perchlori.) hoi, wood-Spirit, acids, 
 
 C 8 C1 6 4 = C 4 01, (C 2 Cl s ) 4 and alkaline solutions. 
 
 Appears to be identical with ChloroFormiate of 
 perChloride of Ethyl. (Cloez, Ann. Ch. et Phys. 
 (3.) 17. 312.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or 
 C 8 H 5 C1 8 O 4 = C 4 CI S (C 4 H 5 ) 4 very sparingly sol- 
 uble, in water. 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF LIME. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF METHYL. Insoluble 
 C 6 H 3 Cl s 4 = C 4 Clg (C 2 Hg) 4 in water. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Dumas.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF POTASH. Permanent. 
 C 4 C1 3 K 4 + Aq Slightly hygroscopic in moist air. 
 Soluble in water. (Dumas.) 
 
 TerCHLORAcETATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 C 4 Cl 3 Ag0 4 soluble in water. (Dumas.) 
 
 CHLORACETENE. Slowly soluble, with decom- 
 C 4 H 3 C1 position, in water. (Harnitz-Harnitzky.) 
 
 TerCn LOR ACETIC ETHER. Vid. ferChlor Ace- 
 tate of Ethyl. 
 
 PerCHLORAcETic ETHEE. Vid. ferChlorAce- 
 tate of perChlorEthyl. 
 
 CHLORACETONE. It does not mix immediately 
 
 C 6 H 5 ci 2 with water, but appears to dissolve in 
 
 it slowly. It is more rapidly soluble, 
 
 but with slight decomposition, in boiling water. 
 
 (Riche.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. Mis- 
 (Mesitic Chloral Xylitic Ohio- cible in ftll proportions 
 ral is also probably identical -..u i u i j u 
 with it.) Wlth alcohol, and ether. 
 
 C 6 H 4 C1 2 !! (Fittig.) 
 
 TerCHLORACETONE. 
 C 6 H 3 C1 S 2 
 
 Quac?n'CiiLORAcETONE. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 6 Hj C1 4 2 .}- 8 H ter, alcohol, and ether. (Bouis, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys.. (3.) 21. 
 116.) Melts at 35. 
 
 QuinquiCmox. ACETONE. 
 
 a = C R HC1 H Soluble in 10 vols. of water at 0. 
 When the aqueous solution, satu- 
 rated at 0, is gently heated, the quinquichloracetone 
 separates out at 50. This separation may also 
 be brought about by the addition of chloride of 
 sodium, or chloride of ammonium and other sol- 
 uble salts. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Stsedeler.) 
 6 = C 6 H C1 6 2 + 8 Aq Melts at 1 6. 
 
 PerCHLORACETONE. 
 
 a = C 6 C1 6 2 Resembles the preceding com- 
 pounds. 
 6 = C 6 C1 6 2 + 2 Aq Melts at 15 @ 16. 
 
 CHLORACETONITRIL. Vid. Cyanide of ter- 
 ChloroMethyl. 
 CHLORACETYL. Vid. Chloride of Acetyl. 
 
 TerCHLORAcBTYL. Not isolated. 
 C 4 C1 3 2 
 
 Vid. ChlorAcetamid. 
 
 C 4 H 2 C! 3 P0 2 = 
 
 TerCHLORAcETYLpHOSPHiN. Permanent. In- 
 of ter Chior Acetyl. soluble in water. Spar- 
 TerChlor jngly solub , e m ^ 
 
 pCC 4 Ci s 2 hl ether, and wood- 
 ~ e {u 2 spirit. (Cloez, Ann. Ch. 
 
 etPhys., (3.) 17. 311.) 
 
 CHLORACETYLSnLPHCROUS ACID. Slowly 
 
 chioro Sulphate of Acetyl.) soluble in water. 
 
 3 4 Hg Cl S 2 8 = C 4 H 3 Cl 2) O 2 ; S 2 4 
 
 CHLORACETYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Solu- 
 
 jle in water. (Williamson.) 
 
128 
 
 CHLORIC ACID. 
 
 CHLORACETYPHID. Vid. Phosphide of ter- 
 ChlorAcetyl. 
 
 CHLORAL. Vid. Hydride of terChlorAcetyl. 
 
 CHLORALBIN. Insoluble in water, and in hot 
 
 C 12 H 8 ", C1 2 concentrated sulphuric acid. Sparing- 
 
 ly soluble in- boiling alcohol. Soluble 
 
 in 'boiling ether. Unacted on by boiling nitric 
 
 acid, or an alcoholic solution of potash. (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLORALID. Insoluble in water and in con- 
 
 C 10 H 2 C1 6 6 centrated sulphuric acid. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold absolute alcohol. Ea- 
 
 sily soluble in boiling alcohol and in ether. (Stae- 
 
 deler.) 
 
 JCHLORALDEHYDE. Vid. Chloride of terChlor- 
 Acetyl. 
 
 CHLORALISE. Sparingly soluble in cold, very 
 c lo H 4 CIO (?) easily soluble in boiling water. Ea- 
 sily soluble in alcohol. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in alkaline solutions. Soluble in mineral 
 acids, the solutions undergoing decomposition 
 after a time. (E. Robiquet, in /. de Pharm.) 
 
 CHLORALOIL. Almost entirely insoluble in 
 C 1S ci s 6 ? water and in cold alcohol. Very solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol and in ether. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in sulphuric, nitric, 
 and acetic acids. (Robiquet, Ann. Ch. et P/iys., 
 (3.) 20. 491.) 
 
 CHLORAMIDIDE OF MERCURY. Vid. Chloride 
 of Mercurammonium. 
 
 " CHLORAMYL." Vid. Chloride of Amyl. 
 
 CHLORAMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C 10 H 9 C1 2 in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 285.) 
 
 Oeiz'CHLORAMYL. 
 
 C 10 II 3 C1 8 
 
 CHLORAMYLAL. Insoluble in water or alkaline 
 C 20 H 1T C1 3 O t liquors. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Cahours.) 
 
 TerCHLORANETHOL. 
 
 (CUnrAnisol. ChlorAnisal.) 
 
 ^20 HO C1 3 2 
 
 CHLORANIL. Vid. perChloroKinone. 
 
 CHLORANILAM. ) Vid. fo'ChloroKi- 
 
 CHLORANILAMIC ACID. > nonamic Acid. 
 
 CHLORANILAMID. Vid. frt'ChloroKinonamid. 
 
 CHLORANILIC ACID. Vid. fa'ChloroKinonic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLORANILIN. Permanent. Extremely spar- 
 
 (Amachlophenase.) ingly soluble in water. 
 
 C 12 H 6 C1N = N 5^ H 4 C1 Readily soluble in boil- 
 
 ing, but only sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold alcohol. Easily soluble in ether, 
 wood-spirit, acetone, bisulphide of carbon and the 
 fatty and essential oils. Most of its salts are but 
 sparingly soluble in water or alcohol. (Hofmann. 
 
 Bi CHLORANILIN. 
 
 (Amacklophenese.) 
 
 C 12 H 5 C1 2 N = N'2 H 3 C1 2 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Cklorindatmit. Amachlophenise.) cold, more readily 
 C 12 H 4 C1 3 N = N ^ fa H 2 C1 s soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Easily sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. It does not combine 
 with acids or alkalies (Hofmann.) Soluble in 
 boiling water, and in cold alcohol. (Hofmann, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 159.) 
 
 CHLORANISATIC ACID. Vid. ChlorAnisic Acid. 
 
 CIILORANISIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Tol- 
 (Chloranisylic Acid. CUorAni- erably easily soluble 
 satic Acid. ChloroDracasic j alcohol and in 
 Acid. CkloroDraconesicAcid.) , 11 u 
 
 C 16 H 7 Cl 6 = C M H 6 Cl 5 , HO ether, especially when 
 these are warm. Sol-' 
 
 uble in gently heated concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which 'it is deposited as the liquid cools ; 
 water precipitates it from this solution. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 498.) 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. (Cahours.) 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF BARYTA. Difficultly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 Ci 6 H 6 (C 4 H 5 )Cl0 6 Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, especially when these are 
 boiling. 
 * CHLORANISATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water: 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF LIME. Difficultly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF METHYL. Resembles the 
 C 18 H 6 (C 2 H 3 ) Cl 6 ethyl salt. 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 CHLORANISATE OF STRONTIA. Difficultly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORANISOL. Vid. ChlorAnethol. 
 
 CHLORANISONITRANISIC ACID. Insoluble in 
 (NitroChioroDra- water. Soluble in hot alcohol, 
 eanaie Aridj and ether> (Laurent.) 
 
 ^32 "14 * W U 10 
 . CHLORANISoNlTRANISATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. 
 CHLORANISoNlTRANISATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 " " COBALT. 
 
 " " COPPER. 
 
 " " LEAD. 
 
 " " LIME. 
 
 " " MANGANESE. 
 
 " " MERCURY. 
 
 " " SILVER. 
 
 " " STRONTIA. 
 Ppts. 
 
 CHLORANTHRACENESE. Soluble in hot, less 
 
 (BiChloroparanaphthalin.) soluble in cold ether. 
 
 CHLORANTIMONIC ACID. Vid. Chloride of 
 Antimony. 
 
 CHLORANTIMONIATE OF PICOLIN. 
 
 CHLORANTIMONIATE OF QUINOLEIN (" leu- 
 col"). Soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 chlorhydric acid. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 9. 174.) 
 
 CHLORANTIMONIATE OF X. Vid. Chloride of 
 Antimony & of X. 
 
 CHLORARSENIDE OF MERCURY. Vid. Arse- 
 nide of Mercury with Chloride of Mercury. 
 
 CHLORASILE. Sparingly soluble in cold water, 
 C 10 H 4 Cl O ? soluble in all proportions in boiling 
 water. Soluble in all proportions in 
 alcohol." Sparingly soluble in boiling ether. (Ro- 
 biquet, Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 20. 493.) 
 
 CHLORIC ACID. Soluble in all proportions in 
 (Hyperoxymuriatic Add.} water. (Pelouze &Fremy.) 
 eid* 
 
CHLORATES. 
 
 129 
 
 The solution is not decomposed when exposed to 
 the light (Gay-Lussac), but is decomposed when 
 heated to 40. (Serullas.) Rapidly decomposed 
 by alcohol, and ether. All of its salts, excepting 
 the chlorate of dinoxide of mercury, are soluble 
 in water; most of them are deliquescent, and 
 many are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORATE OP ALUMINA. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 Al 3C10 S uble in alcohol. (Chenevix, from 
 Phil. Trans., 1802, in Nicholson's 
 Journ. of Nat. Phil., 3. 232.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF AMMONIA. Is liable to explode 
 NH 4 0, CIO S after having been kept for a time. 
 
 Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Chenevix, from Phil. Trans., 1802, in Nicholson's 
 Journ. of Nat. Phil., 3. 231.) Much less soluble in 
 water at than the soda salt. (Storer.) Easily 
 soluble in water, but only to an insignificant ex- 
 tent in absolute alcohol. (Wsechter, J. pr. Ch., 
 1843, 30. 323.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF ARGENT&ZAMIN. Easily soluble 
 v ( H An rin in water, and alcohol (Waech- 
 N.JfVAgO.ClO, ter,/. P ;. a., 1843, 30. 331.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF BARYTA. 
 BaO, C10 s + Aq 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 
 
 4.38 pts. of water at 
 
 2.70 20 
 
 1.92 40 
 
 1.29 60 
 
 1 .02 80 
 
 0.79 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 54.) 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 111. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43.) Soluble in about 
 4 pts. of cold, and in less warm water. Its solu- 
 bility is so nearly the same as that of chloride of 
 barium that it is not easy to separate the two by 
 crystallization. (Chenevix, from Phil. Trans., 
 1802, in Nicholson's Journ. of Nat. Phil., 3. 229.) 
 Absolute alcohol only dissolves a trace of it. 
 (Wsechter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 324.) Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Vauquelin.) Very sparingly soluble 
 in weak alcohol. (Ot. Gr.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF BERBERIN. Easily soluble in 
 C a H 19 N 10 , H o', Cl 5 pure water. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in weak saline solu- 
 tions. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORATE OF BISMUTH. Known only in solu- 
 tion : obtained by dissolving oxide of bismuth in 
 an aqueous solution of chloric acid. On being 
 evaporated, this solution is decomposed with sep 
 aration of basic chloride of bismuth. (Wsechter, 
 J.pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 334.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF BRUCIN. Less soluble than 
 chlorate of strychnine. Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol; more readily in hot than in cold. (Serullas, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. pp. 280, 278.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF CADMIUM. Very deliquescent. 
 Cd 0, Cl O s 4. 2 Aq Melts in its water of crystalli- 
 zation at 80. Also easily soluble 
 in alcohol. (Waechter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 333.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF CiNCHONioiNfof Pasteur). Sol- 
 uble in water. May be crystallized from alcohol 
 of 90%. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 82. 153.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF CINCHONIN. Soluble in water, 
 
 c o H M N J 2 , H 0, Cl 6 and alcohol ; much more 
 
 readily in hot than in cold 
 
 (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. pp 
 278, 279.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF COBALT. Extremely deliques- 
 Co 0, Cl B + 6 Aq cent. Easily soluble in alcohol 
 
 17 
 
 Vlelts in its water of crystallization at 50. ( Waech - 
 ,er, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 328.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) Cu 0, Cl 5 + 6 Aq Very deliquescent. Melts 
 in its water of crystalli- 
 zation at 65, and does not solidify again until 
 cooled to 20. Easily soluble in alcohol. (Wsech- 
 ter, J.pr. Ch., 1843, 3O. 328.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 n dilute acids. (Waechter, loc. cit., p. 329.) 
 
 CHLORATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 FeO, C10 B water, but soon decomposes of itself, 
 with formation of the salt of the sesqui- 
 oxide, unless the temperature is very low. ( Wsech- 
 ter* J.pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 326.) 
 
 CHLORATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Fe 2 8 , 3C10 5 Soluble in water. (Waechter, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Wsechter, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF LEAD. Permanent. Very ea- 
 Pb 0, Cl 6 + Aq sily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Wsechter, J.pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 
 329.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF LIME. Extremely deliquescent. 
 Ca 0, Cl 6 + 2 Aq Melts at a low heat in its water 
 of crystallization. Produces 
 much cold in dissolving. Very soluble in alcohol. 
 (Chenevix, from Phil. Trans., 1802, in Nicholson's 
 Journ. of Nat. Phil., 3. 231.) Very deliquescent. 
 When quickly heated, the crystals melt in their 
 water of crystallization at above 100. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Wsechter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 
 325.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF LITHIA. Very deliquescent. 
 Li 0, Cl O s + Aq Melts at 50. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. (Wsechter, J. pr. Ch., 
 1843, 30. 322.) Very soluble in water. (Troost.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF MAGNESIA. Very deliquescent. 
 MgO, C10 6 -f 6 Aq Melts in its water of crystalli- 
 zation at 40. Also very easily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Waechter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 
 30. 325.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF MANGANESE. Known only in 
 solution. The dilute aqueous solution may be 
 boiled without undergoing decomposition, but on 
 evaporating it to a certain degree of concentration 
 it decomposes. (Wsechter, J. pr. Ch. t 1843, 30. 
 326.) 
 
 CHLORATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Hg 2 0,C10 5 
 
 = Soluble modification. The crystals soon be- 
 come opaque and lose their lustre when exposed 
 to the air. The unaltered crystals are easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol, but those which have 
 become opaque leave a small quantity of residue 
 on being dissolved. (Waechter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 
 30. 332.) 
 
 fi = Insoluble modification. Insoluble in water. 
 Completely soluble in acetic acid. (Waachter, 
 loc. cit.) Insoluble in cold, but is decomposed by 
 boiling water. (Vauquelin, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 3. 883.) 
 
 II.) basic(of /*). Insoluble in water. 
 2 Hg 2 O, Cl 5 
 
 CHLORATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. More 
 2 HgO, C10 5 -1- Aq soluble in water than the proto- 
 chloride, being soluble in about 
 4 pts. of cold water. (Chenevix, from Phil. 
 Trans., 1802, in Nicholson's Journ. of Nat. Phil., 
 3. 241.) Decomposed by water to a more basic, 
 
130 
 
 CHLORATES. 
 
 insoluble, and fl soluble acid salt. (Waechter, J. 
 pr fh., 1843, 30. 333.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF MOHPHIN. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol ; much more readily in hot than in 
 cold. (Serullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. 
 pp. 278, 279.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF NICKEL. Very deliquescent. 
 Ni 0, Cl 6 -4- 6 Aq Melts in its water of crystalli- 
 zation at 80. Very easily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Wzechter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 
 30. 327 ) 
 
 CHLORATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Less 
 K 0, Cl O s soluble in water than any of the other 
 metallic chlorates, excepting chlorate 
 of dinoxide of mercury. 
 
 100 pts. of water Dissolve pts. of 
 
 At C K 0, Cl 5 . 
 
 3.33 
 
 13.32 5.60 
 
 15.37 6.03 
 
 24.43 8.44 
 
 35.02 . 12.05 
 
 49.08 18.96 
 
 74.89 35.40 ' 
 
 104.78 60.24 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (2.) 11.314.) 
 Or, 1 pt. of it is soluble in 
 
 30.0 pts. of water at 
 
 16.7 15 
 
 8.33 35 
 
 5.26 49 
 
 1.67 104 
 
 (Gmelin's HandBook.) 
 
 Soluble in about 16 pts. of cold water, and in 
 much less warm water (Chenevix, from Phil 
 Tr<ms., 1802, in Nicholson's Jonrn. of Nat. Phil., 
 3. 181) ; in 30.03 pts. of water at 0; in 17.85 
 pts. at 13.3; and in 1 66 pts. at 104.78; the so- 
 lution saturated at containing 3.22% of it, that 
 saturated at 13.3 containing 5.30%, and that at 
 104.78, 37.59%. (M. R, & P.) Soluble in 16 
 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeit- 
 schrift furPharm.,8. 201. in Canstatt's Jakrr.sbe- 
 richt. fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 
 dissolve 6.2 pts. of it, and at 100 40 pts. (Ure's 
 Diet.) 100 pts. of the saturated aqueous solution 
 at its boiling-point (103.3), contain 40 pts. of the 
 dry salt ; or, 100 pts. of water dissolve 66.666 pts. 
 of" the dry salt at 103.3; or, 1 pt. of the dry salt 
 is soluble in 1 5 pts of water at 103.3. (T. Grif- 
 fiths. Quar. J Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) The saturated 
 aqueous solution boils at 105. (Kremers, Poyy. 
 Ann., 97. 19.) 
 
 Contains pts. of the 
 
 An aqueous solution of anhydrous salt dis- 
 
 sp. gr. (at 19.5) solved in 100 pts. 
 
 of water. 
 
 1.0.311 5.12 
 
 1.0377 6.25 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 120.) 
 In ft solution containing The boiling is 
 for 100 pts. of water, elevated. Difference. 
 
 pts. of anhydrous 
 
 K 0, Cl O 5 
 
 0.0 .... 0.0 
 14.64 1.0 
 
 2928 2.0 
 
 43 92 3.0 
 
 58.56- 4.0 
 
 61.50 .... 4.2 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having bo-.Mi 100.2". (Lc^rand, Ann. Ch ft P/I//S., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 434.) Alcohol can dissolve a small 
 portion of it. (Chenevix, loc. cit.) Soluble in 
 
 14.64 
 14.64 
 14.64 
 14.64 
 
 120 pts. of alcohol, of 83%, at 16. (Wittstein.) 
 Soluble in 120 pts. of alcohol, of 77.1%, at 16 ; or, 
 100 pts. of this alcohol dissolve 0.833 pt. of the 
 salt at 16. (Pohl, Wien. Akad. Bericht, 6. 599.) 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. More soluble in water containing 
 chloride of sodium, than in pure water. (Mar- 
 gueritte, C. R., 38.305.) Soluble in pure con- 
 centrated nitric acid, apparently without decom- 
 position at first, and when the solution cools a 
 quantity of chlorate of potash, only slightly con- 
 taminated with nitrate, crystallizes out. If the 
 nitric acid is dilute, it may be boiled upon the 
 chlorate without any visible decomposition for 
 several moments, but as the acid becomes more 
 concentrated by evaporation, decomposition of the 
 chlorate ensues. But with nitric acid, cpntaining 
 nitrous acid, as is ordinarily the case, decompo- 
 sition occurs at once. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 6. 92.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF POTASH with PERMANGANATE 
 OF POTASH. Soluble in water. The two salts 
 crystallize together in all proportions.' (Woehler.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF QUININE. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol ; much more easily in hot than in 
 cold. (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 
 45. pp. 278, 279.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF SILVER. Very soluble in water, 
 Ag O, Cl O s being soluble in about 2 pts. of warm 
 water. Somewhat soluble in alcohol. 
 (Chenevix, from Phil. Trans., 1802, in Nicholson's 
 Joum. of Nat. Phil., 3. pp. 242, 232 note.) Solu- 
 ble in about 5 pts. of cold water. Also soluble in 
 alcohol. (Wajchter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 330.) 
 Soluble in 10 (w, 12 pts. of water. ( Vauquelin.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. 
 Na O, Cl 6 
 
 1 pt, of the anhydrous salt 
 
 is soluble in 1 .20 pts. of water at 
 
 1.02 12 
 
 0.79 30 
 
 0.66 50 
 
 0.56 70 
 
 0.40 90 
 
 0.33 H5 
 
 0.30 120 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499 ; and 97. 10.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is 
 
 I. II. III. 
 
 soluble in 1.20 1.22 1.22 pts. of water at . 
 0.92 1.01 20 
 
 0.73 0.81 40 
 
 0.60 0.68 60 
 
 0.48 0.57 80 
 
 0.39 0.49 100 
 
 The results in column I. were obtained imme- 
 diately after the hot solutions had fallen to the 
 given temperatures. Those in column II. are 
 from a new series of experiments, in which the 
 solutions stood during an hour at, after having 
 fallen to, the given temperatures, djuring which 
 time they were frequently agitated. Those in 
 column III. are from another set of experiments, 
 in which the solutions stood at the given tempera- 
 tures during 9 hours. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 
 97. 4.) If a solution, not saturated, be concen- 
 trated by boiling, it will become somewhat super- 
 saturated. In a solution thus prepared the boiling 
 temperature was 135 just before crystals began to 
 separate ; with the separation of crystals, however, 
 1 it fell at once to its normal, 132. (Kremers, Pogg. 
 I Ann., 97. 21.) 
 1 Slightly deliquescent. Soluble in 3 pts. of cold 
 
CHLORAURATES. 
 
 131 
 
 and in less warm water. It is extremely difficult 
 to separate this salt from chloride of sodium, as it 
 has nearly the same degree of solubility in water 
 as the latter. Soluble in alcohol, hut it cannot 
 readily be separated from chloride of sodium by 
 means of alcohol, since the latter dissolves in 
 alcohol when mixed with chlorate of soda. (Che- 
 nevix, from Phil. Trans., 1802, in Nicholson's Jonrn. 
 of Nat. Phil., 3. 185.) [Chenevix estimates the 
 solubility of this salt, in water, at too high a figure, 
 as the experiments of Kremers also prove, but his 
 observations on the difficulty of separating it from 
 chloride of sodium are entirely correct. F. H. S.] 
 Soluble in 3 pts of cold, and in less hot water. 
 Only very slightly soluble in alcohol. ( Waechter, 
 J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 321.) Soluble in 3 pts of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 far Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 
 35 pts. of it ; somewhat more soluble in hot water. 
 (Ure's Diet.) The saturated aqueous solution 
 boils at above 125 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 
 499) ; at 132. (Kremers, Ibid., 97. 10.) 
 An aqueous solution Pts. of 
 
 of sp. gr. at 19.5 Contains per cent Na 0, Cl O s dis- 
 (sp. gr. of water at of Na 0, Cl O s . solved in lOO 
 19.5 = 1) pts. of water. 
 
 1.0626 . . . 9.008 . . . 9.90 
 
 1.1250 17.232 20.82 
 
 1.1836 24.345 32.18 
 
 1.2479 31.521 4603 
 
 1.2937 . . . 36.265 . . . 56.90 
 
 (Kremers, Fogg. Ann., 95. 121 ; the second 
 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp.Gew. der Salzlaesungen, 
 
 p. 34.) Soluble in 34 pts. of alcohol, of 83%, at 
 
 16, and in a smaller quantity of hot alcohol. 
 
 Somewhat more easily soluble in alcohol than 
 
 chloride of sodium. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 CHLORATE OP STRONTIA. Deliquescent. Read- 
 Sr 0, Cl 5 + 5 Aq ily soluble in water More sol- 
 uble in alcohol than chloride of 
 strontium. (Chenevix, from Phil. Trans., 1802, 
 in Nicholson's Journ. of Nat. Phil., 3. 230.) In- 
 soluble in alcohol, soluble in spirit. (Wsechter, 
 J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 324.) Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Abundantly soluble 
 in alcohol. (Gmelin.) Somewhat less soluble in 
 ordinary alcohol than in water. (Souchay, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pfiarm.,102. 381.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF STRYCHNINE. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol ; much more readily in hot than in 
 cold. The concentrated aqueous solution solidifies 
 on cooling. (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, 
 (2.) 45. pp. 280, 278.) 
 
 CHLORATE of protoxide OF TIN. Soluble in 
 water, but decomposes in the course of a few min- 
 utes, with separation of binoxide of tin. (Waech- 
 ter, J.pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 326.) 
 
 CHLORATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Soluble- 
 UrO, C10 B in water, and in an aqueous solution 
 of chloric acid. ( Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF VKRATRIN. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol ; more readily in hot than in cold. 
 (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. pp. 
 280, 278.) 
 
 CHLORATE OF ZINC. Very deliquescent. Melts 
 
 Zn 0, Cl O 5 + 6 Aq in its water of crystallization at 
 
 60. Also very "easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol. (Wa;chter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 30. 327.) 
 
 Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 CiiLORAuRic ACID. Same as terChloride of 
 
 (CUoroAuric Acid.) Gold, q. v. All the metallic 
 
 chloraurates are easily soluble 
 
 in water, and are also soluble in alcohol, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 261.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ACETOSAMIN. Ppt. 
 
 CiiLORAiiRATE OF AcoMTiN. Ppt. Insoluble 
 Ceo H 47 N O u , H Cl, Au Cl s + 2 Aq j n chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF AGROSTEMMIN. Soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) (yellow.) Efflorescent. Easily soluble in 
 N H 4 C1, Au C1 3 + 2 Aq water, and alcohol. (John- 
 ston.) 
 
 II.) (red.) Soluble in water Partially soluble 
 in alcohol. (Johnston.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF AMYLSTRYCHNINE. In- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ANILIN. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ARSENC?<METHYLETKY- 
 LIUM. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ATROPIN. Sparingly sol- 
 C^HjjNOg, HCl, Au Cl g uhle in water, and chlor- 
 hydric acid. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF BARIUM. Hygroscopic. 
 Ba Cl, Au C1 3 Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 
 261.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF BEBJRIN. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF BUTYLAMIN. Soluble in 
 
 (ChlurAurateofTftrylamin.) water, and alcohol. 
 2 (C 8 H u N, H Cl) ; Au C1 3 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF CADMIUM. Permanent. 
 CdCl, AuCl, Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 17. pp. 261, 
 263.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF CAFFEIN. Soluble in wa- 
 
 C W H 10 N 4 4 , HCl, AuCl, ter, but is decomposed 
 
 when boiled for a long 
 
 time therewith ; more soluble in alcohol. (Nichol- 
 son.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF CALCIUM. Deliquescent. 
 Ca Cl, Au Cf s + 6 Aq Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (v. BonsdorfF, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829,17. 261.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF CAPRYLAMIN. Vid. Chlor- 
 Aurate of Octylamin. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF CHLORANILIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF COBALT. Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol, (v. Bousdorff, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1829, 17. pp. 261,263.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF CODEIN. Ppt. Tolerably 
 easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF COTARNIN. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF CUMIDIN. Somewhat sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 9.) 
 CHLORAURATE OF CYANANILIN. Very read- 
 
 decomposition when 
 evaporated. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 169.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Soluble in 
 
 C. H, N, H Cl, Au Cl s water, alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 30. 482.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 4 N Cl, Au Cl s Only sparingly soluble in cold 
 water; somewhat more soluble 
 in boiling water. Sparingly soluble iu chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Hofmann.) 
 
132 
 
 CHLORAURATES. 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 CHLORAUEATE OF ETHYLANILIN. 
 CHLORAURATE OF ETHYLCONIIN. 
 CHLORAURATE OF rfzEiHYLCoNiiN. Soluble 
 in hot water, hut separates out as the solution 
 cools, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 89. 147.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ETHYLMETHYLCONIIN. 
 9,16 H 14 "i Somewhat soluble in hot, 
 
 iC 2 H 3 C cl ' AuCla less soluble in cold water. 
 * 5 ' (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 140.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Soluble 
 C 10 H 7 '" I r , r , in hot, less soluble in cold 
 ,C 4 H 5 jU|AUt water ( v . P i anta & Ke- 
 kule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. 7.) 
 
 p (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Cl, Au C1 3 Soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 
 in cold water. 
 CHLORAURATE OF ETHYLPICOLIN. Sparing- 
 
 C 16 H u N, H Cl, Au C1 3 = N | c 4 2 ^j 6 " H cl ' Au cl s uble^n 
 
 cold, 
 
 readily soluble in boiling water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol, or ether. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ETHYLPYRIDIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold water. Decomposed when boiled 
 with water. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Sol- 
 uble in boiling water. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF FURFURIN. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF LITHIUM. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water, though less so than chloride of 
 potassium. (Johnston.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF LUTEO COBALT. Insoluble 
 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 C1 3 , Au C1 3 in cold water. Somewhat 
 
 soluble in boiling water 
 
 acidulated with chlorhydric acid. (Gibbs & Genth, 
 Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF MAGNESIUM. Deliquescent. 
 Mg Cl, Au C1 3 + 12 Aq Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1829, 17. pp. 261, 262.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF MANGANESE. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. pp. 261, 263.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF MELANILIN. Difficultly 
 Ca, H 13 N 3 , H Cl, Au CI 3 soluble in water, more read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol. Ex- 
 ceedingly soluble in ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1. 296.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF METHYLAMIN. Soluble in 
 v ( H. H m A r>i water, alcohol, and ether. 
 w | C a HV " u ' Au Us ( Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30. 458.) 
 
 v/HLORA-TJRATE OK iCirftlyLETHYLAMMONIUM* 
 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 Cl, Au C1 3 Soluble in boiling, very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water. 
 (Hofmann, /. Ch. Soc., 10. 197.) 
 CHLORAURATE OF METHYLCINCHONIN. 
 CHLORAURATE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Almost 
 N c C 10 H 7 "' r , . c<1 insoluble in cold water and 
 I C 3 H 3 ' u 8 in alcohol. (JStahlschmidt, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 224.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF NICKEL. Deliquescent. 
 Ni Cl, AuCl 3 -H12 Aq(?) Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829, 17. pp. 261, 263.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF NICOTIN. Ppt. Insoluble, 
 
 or but sparingly soluble, in chlorhydric acid. (v. 
 Planta.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF OCTYLAMIN. Deliquescent. 
 (CUorAurate of Much more soluble in water 
 
 Caprylamin.) than thfl ch l orO pl atinate . Sol- 
 
 C 16 H 19 N,HU,AuCl s ^ . n alcohol) and ether 
 
 (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 142.) 
 
 CHLOEAUEATE OF OLANiN(of Unverdorben). 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, more freely in boiling 
 water. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 CHLOEAURATE OF PlPERIDIN. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF PICOLIN. Soluble in 20 
 pts. of boiling water. More readily soluble in 
 alcohol than in ether. Soluble in hot dilute sul- 
 phuric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids, from which 
 solutions it crystallizes out on cooling. (Unver- 
 dorben.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF POTASSIUM. Efflorescent. 
 K Cl, Au C1 3 + 5 Aq Readily soluble in water. ( Ja- 
 val.) Easily soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF PROPYL. 
 
 (CUorAurate of Trityl.) 
 C 6 H 8 N, H Cl, Au C1 3 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF QuiNOLEiN(or OF CHINO- 
 <_ LIN). Sparingly soluble 
 
 N jC 18 H 7 ' )H Cl,AuCl 3 in water . ^ (Gr . Williams.) 
 
 CHLORAUEATE OF RETININ. Insoluble in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF SINKALIN. Sparingly sol- 
 Cm H 13 N 2 , H Cl, Au CL, uble in cold, more soluble 
 in boiling water, (v. Babo 
 & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF SODIUM. Permanent. Ea- 
 Na Cl, Au C1 3 + 4 Aq sily soluble in water, and ab- 
 solute alcohol. Also in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of sodium. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF SPARTEIN. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. Readily soluble, 
 without decomposition, in warm, less soluble in 
 cold chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF STRONTIUM. Permanent. 
 SrCl, AuCl 3 Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 17. 261.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF STRYCHNINE. Very sparing- 
 
 C a H 22 N 2 4) H Cl.'Au Cl s ly soluble in cold, decom- 
 
 posed by boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Abel & Nicholson, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 2. 256.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF TETRYL. 
 rate of Butyl. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF THEBAIN. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF TOLUIDIN. 
 
 C M H 6 N, HCl,AuCl 3 less soluble 
 
 (Chautard.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF TRITYL. ' 
 rate of Propyl. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF VEEATRIN. Insoluble in 
 C^HgjN, 16 , HC1, AuCl 3 water. Soluble in boil- 
 ing, less soluble in cold 
 spirit. (Merck, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 202.) 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF tefraViNYLiuM. Decom- 
 poses at the temperature of boiling. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF XANTHOCOBALT. Soluble 
 N 2 . 5 If H 3 . Co 2 C1 2 , Au C1 3 + 2 Aq in hot water. 
 
 CHLORAURATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Solu- 
 ZnCl, AuCl 3 +12Aq(?) ble in water, and alcohol. 
 (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829, 17. 261, 263.) 
 
 Vid. ChlorAu- 
 
 Soluble in hot, 
 in cold water. 
 
 Vid. ChlorAu- 
 
CHLOEHYDRIC ACID. 
 
 133 
 
 CHLORAURITK OF X. Vid. BrotoChloride of 
 Gold with Chloride of X. 
 
 CuLOKAzoL. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 3 C1 3 (N 4 ) a Easily soluble in alcohol. (Muehl- 
 hajuser, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 174.) 
 
 CHLORAzoLiTMiN. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 C 18 H 10 N0 10 Cl uble in alcohol, ether, and alkaline 
 solutions. (Kane.) 
 
 CHLOKAzoScccic ACID. Vid. ChloroSucci- 
 nimid. 
 
 CHLORBENZIN. Vid. terChloride of Benzin. 
 
 CHLORBUTYREN. Vid. ChloroButylene. 
 
 CHLORCHINONE. Vid. ChloroKinone. 
 
 CHLORDRACASIC ACID. Vid. Chloranisic Acid. 
 . CHLORDRACONESIC ACID. Vid. Chloranisic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLORERYTHROLITMIN. 
 
 C 2 6 "22 Oj2 
 
 CHLORETHASE. Vid. fo'ChlorEthylene. 
 CHLORETHASIC ACID. Vid. monoChlorAcetic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLORETHERAL. Vid. Oxide of monoChlor- 
 Ethyl. 
 
 CHLORETHOSE. Vid. joerChlorEthylene. 
 .BZ'CHLORETHYLAMIN. [Appears to be insolu- 
 N < C 4 H 3 C1 2 ble in water, and unacted upon by 
 } H 2 acids.] 
 
 CHLORETHYLATE OF ETHYLIDIN. 
 C 8 H 9 Cl 2 
 
 CHLORETHYLENE. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Chloride of Acetyl [Acetoyl]. Readily soluble in al- 
 Chlonde of Aldehydin. Ohio- u i n 
 
 ride of Vinyl.) coh l > and in a11 P- 
 
 C 4 H 3 Cl portions in ether. (Lie- 
 
 big. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 BZ'CHLORETHYLENE. Insoluble in water. 
 (Chioromttkyiase. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Ethylene ftfeMortf.) j g nQt decomposed by potash-lye. 
 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 TfcrCHLORETHYLENE. 
 C 4 H C1 3 
 
 PerCHLORETiiYLENE. Insoluble in water, 
 (Proto Chloride of Carbon.Chlo- acids, or aqueous so- 
 rMose. Ethyltne percMort.) lut ; ons rf^ a]ka . 
 
 lies. Soluble in al- 
 cohol, ether, and the fatty and essential oils. 
 Unacted upon by nitric, chlorhydric, or sulphuric 
 acids. (Faraday.) 
 
 CHLORETHYLENESULPHUROU8 ACID. Vid. 
 
 ChloroMethylSulphurous Acid. 
 
 Per(7in<7!)CHLORETHYLOxALic Acio(An- 
 (Anhydrous Ctiloroxalovinic hydrous). Insoluble in 
 
 cfci^f * wat( ? r ' but is slowl y 
 
 acidified when in contact 
 
 with it. Miscible in all proportions with alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble, with acidification and com- 
 bination, in cold aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies. (Malaguti.) 
 
 Per(7fr)<7iH)CHLORETHYLOxALic ACID. Very i 
 (Cklorozalovinic Add. Acid quickly deliquescent. ! 
 SSKJf< Solubfein allVopor- I 
 o.retic Acid.) tions in water, alcohol, 
 
 C g H Cl s 8 = C 4 (C 4 C1 5 ) H 8 and ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
 PerClILORETHYLOxALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 C 8 C1 5 (NH 4 )0 8 Very deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. The solution 
 is decomposed on boiling. Soluble in all propor- 
 tions in ether. 
 
 PerCHLORETHYLOxALATE OF SODA. Soluble 
 
 in water and in absolute alcohol. 
 CHLOKE-THYLSELENIOUS ACID. 
 
 04118010,28602 
 
 CHLORETHYLSULPHUROUS ACID. Insoluble 
 
 (CUoro Sulphate of Ethyl.) in water, by which it is 
 
 C 4 H 5 Cl 2 , S 2 4 very slowly decomposed. 
 
 (R. Williamson, J. Ch. 
 
 Soc., 10. 100.) 
 
 .BZ'CHLOREUXANTHIC ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 42 Hj 6 C1 2 22 ter. Difficultly soluble in cold, 
 easily soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Soluble, with combination, in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Soluble in ammonia-water, in which 
 solution carbonate of ammonia produces a pre- 
 cipitate. 
 
 TerCnLOREuxANTHONE. Insoluble in water. 
 C^ H 9 Cl s O 12 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHELICIN. 
 
 I.) CjaHuiClOa Tolerably soluble in boiling, 
 
 almost insoluble in cold water. 
 
 Tolerably soluble in alcohol Decomposed by 
 
 boiling acids, and alkalies. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 I'ys., (3.) 14. 295.) 
 
 II.) an isomer of the above. Insoluble in water. 
 C 26 H 16 ci0 4 Scarcely at all soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. (Piria, loc. cit., p. 298.) 
 
 CHLORHEMATOSIN (?). Soluble in alcohol. 
 (CMorHematin.) (Mulder.) Not decomposed by 
 ^44 H 22 N a 8 F e C1 8 cold acids or alkaline solutions. 
 
 CHLORHIPPURIN. Insoluble in water. Diffi- 
 C 18 H 6 Cl N 2 cultly soluble in ether. Soluble in 
 all proportions in alcohol. Soluble 
 in an alcoholic solution of caustic potash, with 
 scarcely any decomposition, even on boiling; it is 
 precipitated unchanged from this solution on the. 
 addition of water. (Schwanert, from Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 112. 59 et seq., in Kolbe's Lehrb., 2. 121.) 
 
 z'CHLORHippuRiN. Easily soluble in ether. 
 C 18 H 5 C1 2 N0 2 (/bid.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRANIL. Vid. perChlorHydroKi- 
 none. 
 
 CHLORHYDRARGYRATE OF X. Vid. Chloro- 
 Mercurate of X. 
 
 CHLORHYDRIC ACID. Rapidly and largely 
 (Hydrochloric Acid, absorbed by water, which takes 
 
 dred times its bulk of the gas, 
 at the ordinary temperature and pressure ; that is, 
 rather less than an equal weight. (Dalton, in his 
 New System, 2. 287, 294.) 1 volume of water 
 absorbs 480 vols. of the gas at ; this amount 
 being not quite equal to the weight of the water. 
 The specific gravity of the saturated aqueous so- 
 lution is 1.2109. (H. Davy.) 1 vol. of water at 
 20.5 absorbs 417.822 vols. of it, with considerable 
 elevation of temperature, the volume of water 
 increasing to 1.3438 vols. 1 vol. of the solution 
 of acid consequently contains 311.0415 vols. of 
 H Cl gas. Acid of this strength is of 1.1958 sp. 
 gr., and contains 40.39% by weight of H Cl. (T. 
 Thomson, in his System of Chem., London, 1831, 
 2. 188.) At ordinary temperatures 1 vol. of 
 water absorbs about 500 vols. of the gas. (Ot. 
 Gr.) 1 vol. of water absorbs 464 volumes of H Cl 
 gas, and the saturated solution thus obtained, of 
 1.21 sp. gr., contains 42.4%, by weight, of the gas. 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) Water saturated with H Cl 
 at about contains 480 times its own volume of 
 the gas and its sp. gr. = 1.2109 ; saturated at the 
 ordinary temperature, the liquid contains 0.383 of 
 
134 
 
 CHLORHYDRIC ACID. 
 
 its weight of HC1 and its sp. gr. = 1.192. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 1. 774.) 
 
 From these results the following table is ob- 
 tained by interpolation. 
 
 100 pts. of alcohol of 36(B.) absorb 68 pts. of 
 
 P G* P* G* 
 
 chlorhydric acid gas at 12.5, with evolution of 
 heat. (Boullay.) Absorbed by ether. (Achard.) 
 Oil of turpentine absorbs 50% of chlorhydric acid 
 gas with elevation of temperature (Thenard) ; 163 
 vols. at 22 and 0.724 met. pressure. Isotereben- 
 thene absorbs 34% of it at 24, with combination ; 
 metaterebenthene absorbs only half as much, viz. 
 17.7% at 24. (Berthelot.) Oil of lavender ab- 
 sorbs 68.7 vols. of chlorhydric acid gas (The"nard) ; 
 210 vols. without being saturated. (Saussure.) 
 
 006 . . 0.613 0.35 . . 0.751 
 0.07 0628 0.40 0.763 
 0.08 0.640 0.45 0.772 
 0.09 0.649 0.50 0.782 
 0.10 0.657 0.55 0.791 
 0.11 0.664 0.60 0.800 
 0.12 0.670 0.65 0.808 
 0.13 0.676 0.70 0.817 
 0.14 0.681 0.75 0.824 
 
 Oil of rosemary absorbs 218 vols. of it at 22, be- 
 coming black and turbid. (Saussure.) Soluble 
 in 0.4 vol. of rock-oil from Amiano. (Saussure.) 
 
 0.15 0.686 0.80 0.831 
 0.175 0.697 0.90 0.844 
 0.20 0.707 1.00 0.856 
 
 Absorbed, without combination, by caprylic alco- 
 
 0.225 0.716 1.10 0.869 
 
 hol (hydrate of capryl), at ordinary temperatures, 
 but is evolved when the solution is heated. (Bouis, 
 
 0.25 0.724 1.20 0.882 
 0.275 0.732 1.30 . . 0.895 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 129.) Fuming chlor- 
 hydric acid is soluble, without alteration, in cold 
 
 0.30 . . 0.738 
 (Roscoe & Dittmar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 
 
 glycerin. It is also miscible with strong acetic 
 
 112. p. 334, and fig.) 
 
 acid. The gas is not absorbed by concentrated 
 
 * See foot of the first column on p. 31 of this work. 
 
 sulphuric acid ; but is absorbed in large quantity 
 by anhydrous sulphuric acid. (Aime".) 
 
 Percentage of Chlorhydric Acid Gas in aqueous 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per cent Per cent of acid 
 
 Solubility of H Cl in water at various temperatures, 
 
 H 01 gas. of 1.20 sp. gr. 
 
 under a constant pressure, by experiment. 
 
 1.2000 . . 40.777 ... 100 
 
 
 1.1982 40.369 99 
 
 1 gramme of water absorbs, at t and a pressure 
 
 1.1964 39.961 98 
 
 of B metres, G grammes of H Cl. 
 
 1.1946 39.554 97 
 
 B 0.760 0.762 0.754 0.754 0.739 
 
 1.1928 39.146 96 
 
 t 4.7 4.8 7.2 7.2 16 
 
 1.1910 38.738 95 
 
 G 0.799 0.801 0.790 0.792 0.738 
 
 1.1893 38330 94 
 
 
 1.1875 37.923 93 
 
 B 0.753 0.750 0.756 0.757 0.753 
 
 1.1857 37.516 92 
 
 t 16 242 24.4 24.5 353 
 
 1.1846 37.108 91 
 
 G 0.741 0.697 0.696 0.697 0.653 
 
 1.1822 36.700 90 
 
 B 0.758 0.767 0.756 0.766 0.766 
 
 1.1802 36.292 89 
 
 t 35.4 43.5 43.5 59.2 59.2 
 
 1.1782 35.884 88 
 
 G 0.657 0.619 0.627 0.562 0.566 
 
 1.1762 35.476 87 
 
 
 1.1741 35.068 86 
 
 From these results the following table is ob- 
 
 1.1721 34660 85 
 
 tained by interpolation. 
 
 1.1701 34.252 84 
 
 
 1.1681 33.845 83 
 
 The barometer 1 gramme The barometer 1 gramme 
 being O m .760 of water being 0. 760 of water 
 
 l!l661 33.437 82 
 
 and temperature absorbs and temperature absorbs 
 
 1.1641 33.029 81 
 
 at C. grins. at C, grms. 
 
 1.1620 32.621 80 
 
 of H Cl. of H Cl. 
 
 1.1589 32.213 79 
 
 . . 0.825 32 . . 0.665 
 
 1.1578 31.805 78 
 
 2 0.814 34 0.657 
 
 1.1557 31.398 77 
 
 4 0.804 36 0.649 
 
 1.1536 30.990 76 
 
 6 0.793 38 0.641 
 
 1.1515 30.582 75 
 
 8 0.783 40 0.633 
 
 1.1494 30.174 74 
 
 10 0.772 42 0.626 
 
 1.U73 29767 73 
 
 12 0.762 44 0.618 
 
 1.1452 29.359 72 
 
 14 0.752 46 0.611 
 
 1.1431 28.951 71 
 
 16 0.742 48 0.603 
 
 1.1410 28.544 70 
 
 18 0.731 50 0.596 
 
 1.1389 28.136 69 
 
 20 0.721 52 0.589 
 
 1.1369 27.728 68 
 
 22 0.710 54 0.582 
 
 1.1349 27.321 67 
 
 24 0.700 56 0.575 
 
 1.1328 26.913 66 
 
 26 0.691 58 0.568 
 
 1.1308 26.505 65 
 
 28 0.682 60 . . 0.561 
 
 1.1287 26.098 64 
 
 30 . . 0.673 
 
 1.1267 25.690 63 
 
 (Roscoe & Dittmar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 
 
 1.1247 25.282 62 
 
 112. p. 336, and fig.) 
 
 1.1226 24.874 61 
 
 
 1.1206 24.466 60 
 
 Solubility of H Cl in water at 0", under different 
 
 1.1185 24058 59 
 
 degrees of pressure, by experiment. 
 
 1.1164 23.650 58 
 
 P* 0.058 0.321 0.569 0.735 0.737 
 
 1.1143 23.242 57 
 
 G* 0.614 0.746 0.796 824 821 
 
 1.1123 22.834 56 
 
 
 1.1102 22426 55 
 
 P* 0.755 0.932 0.937 1.263 1.270 
 
 1 1082 22.019 54 
 
 G* 0.827 0.851 0.851 0.890 0.887 
 
 1.1061 . 21.611 ... 53 
 
CHLOBHYDRATES. 
 
 135 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per cent Per cent of acid 
 
 formula, X = the sp. gr. of the acid solution, and 
 
 H Cl gas. of 1.20 sp. gr. 
 
 Y the percentage of H Cl contained in the solu- 
 
 1.1041 . . 21.203 ... 52 
 
 tion. 
 
 1.1020 20.796 51 
 
 
 1.1000 20388 50 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 solution per cent by Boiling- 
 
 10980 19.980 49 
 
 ofsp.gr. weight of poiut. 
 
 1.0960 19.572 48 
 
 (at 15.56) H Cl. 
 
 1.0939 19.165 47 
 
 1.500?. . . 47.8 .... 15.56 
 
 1.0919 18.757 46 
 
 1.199 25.6 48.89? 
 
 1.0899 18.349 45 
 
 1.181 23.4 62.78? 
 
 1.0879 17.941 44 
 
 1.166 21.6 76.67 
 
 1.0859 17.534 43 
 
 1.154 20.0 87.78 
 
 1.0838 17.126 42 
 
 1.114 18.7 100.00 
 
 1.0818 16.718 41 
 
 1.136 17.5 102.78 
 
 1.0798 16.310 40 
 
 1.127 16.4 105.56 
 
 1.0778 15.902 39 
 
 1.121 15.5 108.89 
 
 1.0758 15.494 38 
 
 1.094 12.1 111.11 
 
 1.0738 15.087 37 
 
 1.075 9.91 108.89 
 
 1.0718 14.679 36 
 
 1.064 8.40 107.22 
 
 1.0697 14.271 35 
 
 1.047 6.49 105.56 
 
 1.0677 13.863 34 
 
 1.035 5.21 103.89 
 
 1.0657 13.456 33 
 
 1.018 2.65 102.22 
 
 1.0637 13.049 32 
 
 1.009 . . . 1.36 . . . 101.11 
 
 1.0617 12.641 31 
 
 (Kirwan, " with some little addition [as the 
 
 1.0597 12.233 30 
 
 column of boiling-points] and modification " 
 
 1.0577 11.825 29 
 
 by Dalton, in his New System, 2. 295.) 
 
 1.0557 11.418 28 
 1.0537 11.010 27 
 
 Sp. gr. H Cl per cent. Sp. gr. H Cl per cent. 
 
 .0517 10.602 26 
 
 1.203 . . 40.659 1.1060 . . 22.700 
 
 .0497 10.194 25 
 
 .179 37.000 .1008 21.512 
 
 .0477 9.786 24 
 
 .162 33.945 .0960 20.442 
 
 .0457 9.379 23 
 
 .149 31.346 .0902 19.474 
 
 .0437 8.971 22 
 
 .139 29.134 .0860 18.590 
 
 .0417 8.563 21 
 
 .1285 27.206 .0820 17.790 
 
 .0397 8.155 20 
 
 .1197 25.517 .0780 . . 17.051 
 
 .0377 7.747 19 
 
 1.1127 . . 24.026 
 
 1.0357 7.340 18 
 
 (T. Thomson, in his System, 2. 189.) 
 
 1.0337 6.932 17 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ACEC?JAMIN. Soluble in 
 
 1.0318 6.524 16 
 
 C 4 H 6 N,, H Cl water, alcohol, and a mixture of 
 
 1.0298 6.116 15 
 
 alcohol and ether. (Strecker, Ann. 
 
 1.0279 5.709 14 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 103. 328.) 
 
 1.0259 , 5.301 13 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ACETAMID. Readily sol- 
 
 1.0239 4.893 12 
 
 2 C 4 H 6 N 0,, H Cl uble in water. Readily soluble 
 
 1.0220 4.486 11 
 
 in warm, less soluble in cold ab- 
 
 1.0200 4.078 10 
 
 solute alcohol. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 1.0180 3.670 9 
 
 103. 321.) 
 
 1.0160 3.262 8 
 
 CHLORHTDRATE OF ACETOS[ACETOYL]AMIN. 
 
 1.0140 2.854 7 
 
 ( Chloride of Acetylam- Soluble in water. The COU- 
 
 1.0120 2.447 6 
 
 monium(of Natanson).) centrated aqueous solution is 
 
 1.0100 2.039 5 
 
 not miscible with alcohol, 
 
 1.0080 1.631 4 
 
 separating as a heavy stratum when mixed there- 
 
 1.0060 1.224 3 
 1.0040 0.816 2 
 
 with. It is not precipitated from its dilute aque- 
 ous solution by alcohol. (Natanson, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 1.0020 . . 0.408 ... 1 
 
 Pharm., 92. 56.) 
 
 (Ure, in his Diet. Chem., London, 1 823, p. 59 ; 
 also in his Diet. Arts, Boston, 1853, 2. 248 ; 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ACONITIN. 
 
 Crr wo 9 H PI 
 
 and in Gtnelin's Handbook, 2. 325.) 
 
 60 H 4 7 n ^14, A n \ji 
 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ACROLEIN. Insoluble in 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per cent Sp. Gr. Per Cent 
 *t7.22. HClgas. at 7.22. HClgas. 
 
 1.21 . . 42.43 .10 . . 20.20 
 1.20 40.80 .09 18.18 
 
 C 6 H 4 0,, H Cl water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Decomposed by strong 
 chlorhydric acid, also by dilute sulphuric and 
 nitric acids. It does not appear to be altered 
 
 1.19 38.38 .08 16.16 
 1.18 36.36 .07 14.14 
 1.17 3434 .06 12.12 
 
 by boiling with water or by the action of di- 
 lute solutions of the alkalies. (Geuther & Cart- 
 mell.) 
 
 1.16 32.32 .05 10.10 
 
 
 1.15 30.30 .04 8.08 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ALANIN. 
 
 1.14 28.28 .03 6.06 
 
 I.) C 6 H, N0 4 , HCl VeryJ deliquescent. Very 
 
 1.13 $6.26 .02 4.04 
 
 soluble in water, and al- 
 
 1.12 24.24 1.01 . . 2.02 
 
 cohol. 
 
 1.11 . . 22.22 
 
 II.) 2C, H T N0 4) HCl Very soluble in water. 
 
 (Edmund Davy.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in al- 
 
 From Davy's results Osann (Kastner's Archie., 
 1824, 3. 372) deduces the formula : Y = 2.02 X, 
 by which to calculate intermediate values ; in this 
 
 cohol. 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ALANIN with sesquiCnLO- 
 RIDE OF IKON. Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, and in 
 
136 
 
 CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 4 pts. of boiling water. Soluble in oil of cumin. 
 (Unverdorben.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATK OF ALLYLAMIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF fn'ALLYLAMiN. Soluble 
 NC ]8 U 16 , HC1 in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMARIN. Sparingly sol- 
 c H w N s> IIC1 ub ' e m boiling water. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF " AMIDOBENZOIC ACID." 
 Vid. Chlorhydrate of Benzamic Acid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF &I'AMIDOBENZOIC ACID. 
 C 14 H 8 N,0 4 ,2HC1 Very easily soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether ; but only 
 sparingly soluble in chlorhydric acid. The aque- 
 ous solution is decomposed on exposure to the air. 
 (Voit.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMiooSuLPHoBENziD. 
 
 C M H fl (N H s ) S, 4 , H 01 Easily soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. The aqueous 
 
 solution is partially decomposed when heated. 
 (Gericke, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 212.) 
 
 .BI'CHLORHYDRATE OF ftjAMiooSuLPHoBEN- 
 C M H, (N H^ S, 4 , 2 H Cl ZID. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. ( Ge- 
 ricke, loc. cit.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMMOLiN(of Unverdor- 
 ben). Soluble in water, and alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMMONIA & OF UREA. 
 2 (C t H, N, 0,, N H 4 Cl) ; C, H 4 N, 2 , H Cl Readily 
 
 soluble 
 in water. (Beckmann.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMYLAMIN. Permanent. 
 , H,, , Tolerably soluble in water. Sol- 
 H i ",H( I uWe . Q absolute a i c ohol. (Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 493.) 
 Sparingly soluble, or insoluble, in absolute ether. 
 (Cahours & Cloez.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF di AMYLAMIN. Almost 
 N j (C 10 H u )j H ri insoluble in cold, more soluble in 
 
 i H 7 warm water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF fn'AMYLAMiN. 
 N j(C 10 H u ) 3 ,HCl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMYLANILIN. Rather 
 sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF dt'AMYLANiLiw. Nearly 
 insoluble in water, and in dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMYLCHINOLIN. Soluble 
 in water. (Gr. Williams.) 
 
 " CHLORHYDRATE OF AMYLENE." Vid. 
 Chloride of Amyl. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMYLPIPERIDIN. Soluble 
 wSCi H n Tin in water. (Cahours, Ann. Ch.et 
 N KoH 10 ' H Phys., (3.) 38. 100.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AMYLSTRYCHNINE. Sol- 
 CuH^CCtoH^N^HCl + SAi uble in water. 
 
 Very easily sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol. Insoluble in caustic potash. 
 Ammonia- water decomposes it after a time. 
 (How.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANCHIETIN. Crystallizes 
 from hot water, after which it is insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 399.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANILIN. Very readily 
 
 C H, N, H Cl soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 (Zinin.) Very soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Hofmann, 
 
 ^ 
 
 N 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9/151.) It is partially 
 precipitated from the aqueous solution on the 
 addition of concentrated chlorhydric acid. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 272.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANimx(of Unverdorben). 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 rC 16 H 7 o 4 Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 N f H* HS 2 ' H C1 eas 'ty soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. Still more easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Tolerably readily soluble in ether. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3 ) 53. 348.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANISAMATE OF METHYL. 
 
 rC ]6 H 7 4 Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 N ? C 2 H s . 2 , H Cl very rea diiy soluble in boil- 
 ing* water, and still more 
 easily in alcohol. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Cahours, Ibid., p. 351.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANISAMIC ACID. Toler- 
 v S C 16 H r 4 J ft P1 ably soluble in water, even 
 N K 4 } HI l when this is cold, but 
 scarcely at all soluble in chlorhydric acid. Toler- 
 ably easily soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in ether. Chlor- 
 hydric acid precipitates it from the aqueous solu- 
 tion. (Cahours, Ibid., p. 342.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANISENE. Insoluble in 
 C 10 H 8 2 ,HC1? wa ter. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANISIN. Sparingly solu- 
 C^H^N, 6 ,HCl + 2Aq. ble in water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 tagnini, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 88. 128.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANISOL. 
 CM H 12 2 , H Cl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANTHRANILIC ACID. Sol- 
 C 14 H 7 N O 4 , H Cl nble in warm concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid, separating out again 
 as the solution cools. (Kubel.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ANTIMONIOUS ACID. Sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid ; the "solution is decom- 
 posed, with precipitation, by a small quantity of 
 water, but a large amount of water produces no 
 precipitate. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ARICIN. Soluble in hot, 
 CM HJS N s 8 , H Cl less soluble in cold dilute al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ARNICIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ASPARAGIH. 
 I.) C g H 8 N, 6 , H Cl Permanent. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, less soluble in alcohol. 
 II.) basic. Permanent. Soluble in water ; less 
 2 C H a N, 0, H Cl soluble in alcohol. (Dessaignes, 
 Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 34. 152.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ASPARTIC ACID. 
 
 C g H T N0 8 , HCl 
 
 a (active.) Deliquesces and decomposes in the 
 air. It is decomposed, with precipita- 
 tion of aspartic acid (active), when dissolved in 
 water, unless this be acidulated with chlorhydric 
 acid. (Pasteur.) 
 
 p (inactive.) Permanent. It is decomposed when 
 dissolved in water, though no pre- 
 cipitation occurs, owing to the fact that inactive 
 aspartic acid is readily soluble in water. (Pasteur, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 37.) 
 
 CHLO'RHYDRATE OF ATROPIN. Permanent. 
 Soluble in water. (Geiper & Hesse.) Easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. Difficultly soluble in 
 ether, (v. Planta.) 
 
 ^CHLORHYDRATE OF AZONAPHTHYLAMIN. 
 
CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 137 
 
 C 18 H 14 NC10 4 = 
 
 C JO H 10 N,. 2 II Cl Sparingly soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. (Zinin.) 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF AZOPHENYLAMIN. Nearly 
 insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BEBIRIN. Readily solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BENZAMATE OF ETHYL. 
 L H OJ Easily soluble 
 
 H 6 .0 2 ,HCI jn ^ohol; 
 
 less soluble in 
 ether. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Cfi. et Phys.< (3.) 53. 328.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BENZAMIC ACID. Toler- 
 N ^OjjHjOj o HCi a ^- v reac ^'y soluble in pure 
 
 < H, ' " water, and alcohol ; but very 
 
 sparingly soluble in these 
 liquids when they are charged with chlorhy- 
 dric acid. More soluble in hot than in cold 
 chlorhydric acid. Ether does not precipitate it 
 from the alcoholic solution. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 53. 324.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BENZAMID. Very in- 
 C u "7N0 2 ,HCl stable. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 .Bt'CHLORHYDRATE OF BfiNzioiN. Permanent. 
 C M H, 2 N 2 , 2 H Cl Very soluble in water ; still more 
 soluble in alcohol. Almost in- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BENZYLENE. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Toluenyl. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BERBERIN. Soluble in 
 
 N $ r w n lit TT ri j- 4 i ^ P*- s - ^ wa ter at 
 
 r" wUl >U :Aq 18.75. (Abl, from 
 
 (Esterr. Zcitschriflfiir 
 
 /'/(arm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 75.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BERBKRIN with GLYCO- 
 C 4 , H 1S N 9 , C 4 H 4 N O s , H Cl COLL. Insoluble, or 
 very sparingly solu- 
 ble, in water. Soluble in hot spirit. (Horsford 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 4.65.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BERGAMOT-OIL. Soluble 
 3 C 20 H,,., H Cl + Aq in alcohol. (Ohme.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BORNEOL. Insoluble in 
 (CamphoifjUorhydrique.) wat er. Soluble in alcohol. 
 C ' H ' 6 ' H ' (Berthelot.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF &BROMALLYLAMIN. Read- 
 C n H a Br 2 N, H Cl ily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Sparingly soluble in ether. (M. 
 Simpson.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BROMANILIN. Soluble in 
 C 12 H fi Br N, H 01 wate r. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF WBROMANILIM. Decom- 
 C 1S H 5 Br 2 N, H Cl posed by warm water. 
 
 Z?/CHLORHYDRATE OF BROMOCINCHONIN. 
 C 40 HJJ Br N, 2 , 2 H Cl Tolerably soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. (Laurent, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phijs., (3.) 24. 307.) 
 
 Bi CHLORHYDRATE o/ses^Ht'BROMoCiNCHONiN. 
 Cgo H 48 Br s N 4 4 , 4 H Cl Soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 uble in cold alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 B/CHLORHYDRATE OF &I'BROMOCINCHONIN. 
 Co H 22 Br 2 N 2 2 , 2 H Cl Sparingly soluble in boiling, 
 
 less soluble in cold water. 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BROMOCODEIN. 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF &/BROMOMELANILIN. 
 <VH U Br 2 N s , H Cl Only slightly soluble in water. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 300.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BROMOSTRYCHNINE. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 18 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BRUCIN. Permanent. 
 Ce H zo N s si H Cl Tolerably easily soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF BUTYLAMIN. Deliques- 
 
 ( C/ilurltydrate of Tetrylamin.) cent. Soluble in water. 
 N I [j8 n ,H Cl (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 42. 166.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CACOTHELIN. Decom- 
 posed by water. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Strecker.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CAFFEIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent, and decomposes in 
 c ie HIO N 4 4) H Cl the air. Decomposed by water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Caffein is easily soluble in concentrated chlorhy- 
 dric acid ; but if water or alcohol be added to th'is 
 solution, a considerable quantity of hydrated caf- 
 fein crystallizes out. (Herzog.) 
 
 II.) acid. Decomposed by much water, with 
 U i6 H io N 4 4> 2 H Cl separation of caffein. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CAJPUTENE. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 C 20 H 16 , H Cl 
 
 II.) bi. Sparingly soluble in cold, easily solu- 
 C 20 H 16 , 2 H Cl ble in boiling alcohol, and ether. 
 (Max. Schmidl.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CAOTJTCHIN. Soluble in 
 
 C 20 llj,,, H Cl absolute alcohol, in ether, and acetate 
 
 of ethyl, but on adding water or weak 
 
 alcohol to either of these solutions the whole of 
 
 the caoutchin is precipitated. (Himly.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF fn'CAPROYLAMiN. Deli- 
 
 c quescent. Soluble in water, 
 
 ^( '12 wte an( ] alcohol. (Gcessmann & 
 
 Petersen.) Sparingly soluble 
 
 in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Peterson, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1O2. 314.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CAPRYLAMIN. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of Octylamin. 
 
 CHLOHHYDRATE OF CARAPIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CARVENE. Readily sol- 
 C 20 H 10 ,2HCl uble in water, but is decomposed 
 when heated therewith. Easily sol- 
 uble in hot, rather difficultly soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. (Schweizer.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CARVOL. 
 C 20 H 14 2 ,HCl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CETYL. Soluble in alco- 
 hol, especially if this is boiling. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF trz'CETYLAMiN. Soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CETYLANILIN. Soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF C/Z'CETYLANILIN. Some- 
 what soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE or CHELIDONIN. Soluble 
 in 325 pts. of water at 18. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 1839, 29. 127.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE or CHLORANILIN. Perma- 
 C 16 U 6 Cl N, H Cl nent. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORETHEROSE. Vid. 
 Chloride of ferChlorEthylene. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY. 
 
 Sb C1 B , H Cl Is rendered cloudy when treated 
 
 with a small quantity of water, but 
 
 remains clear if a large excess of water be at once 
 
 added to it. 
 
138 
 
 CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 It is as easily precipitated by strong acetic acid 
 as by water. (R. Pbillips.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORIDE OF ETHYL 
 2C,H, Cl, HCl,2SnO, + Aq with binOxiDK OF 
 TIN. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF terCHLORiDE OF GOLD. 
 Deliquescent. Not quite so soluble in water as 
 terchloride of gold. (Berzelins.) Slowly decom- 
 posed by alcohol. Decomposed by glycerin. 
 Strong sulphuric acid precipitates out the terchlo- 
 ride of gold in the cold, and decomposes it on 
 boiling. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORIDE OF RTJTHE- 
 Ku ci, H ci NIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORIDE OF SILICIUM. 
 
 Si 2 Cl 3 , 2HC1 Instantly decomposed by water. 
 
 Soluble in large quantity, probably 
 
 with decomposition, in alcohol, and ether. (Buff 
 
 & Woehler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 104. 97.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF /(?rCHLORoBENZiN. In- 
 
 (Ter Chloride ufSenzin. C/tlor soluble in water. Spar- 
 e,<zln. ChlcroHemol. Chlvro in ]y so ] u bl e in fold, 
 Bemone. Chlorhydratc <>} Chlo- *l-\ Bn l n h] P in hot 
 rvphenite. HyilroMorate of readily soluble 11 Hot 
 terChloroBtnzme.) alcohol. Readily sol- 
 
 C 12 H 6 C1 6 = C 12 II 3 C1 3; 31IC1 u ble in ether. (Mit- 
 scherlich, Peligot.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLOROBENZOENISE. Vid. 
 Chloride of ChloroToluene. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLOROCAMPHILENE. 
 C 20 H ia ci, H ci 
 
 BI'CHLORHYDRATE OF 
 
 C 40 H 22 C1 2 N 2 2 , 2 H Cl Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Soluble in about 50 pts. of 
 
 alcohol. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 
 305.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CiiLORoCoDEiN. Very 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF 
 
 CjgHu C1,N S , HCl Sparingly soluble in water, 
 more readily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and still more readily soluble in ether. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 1.299.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORONAPHTHALIN. Vid. 
 Chloride of ChloroNaphthalin. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORONICINE. Readily 
 C 20 H 12 C1 2 N 2 , 2HC1 soluble in water, even when 
 this is cold. (St. Evre.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLORONITROHARMIN. 
 Tolerably soluble in water; less soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLOROPIIENISE. Vid. 
 ferChloride of Benzin. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF fcrCnLORoPicoLiN. In- 
 soluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 ( , r , ,,, w r, 
 N|C 12 H 4 C1 3 ',HU 
 
 Vid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLOROSTILBENE. 
 Chloride of Stilbene. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ^'CHLOROSTILBENE. Vid. 
 Chloride of ChloroStilbene. 
 
 C M H 8 C1 2 S s 4) 2 HC1 Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 in spirit, and ether. Soluble. 
 without decomposition, in dilute alkaline solutions 
 and in dilute sulphuric and chlorhydric acids 
 Decomposed by nitric acid. (Gericke, Ann. Ch 
 u. Pharm., 100. 213.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLOROTOLUENE. 
 
 (Chloride of biChloro Toluene. Chlorhydrate of Chlornbrn- 
 
 zocnise. Hydro Chlorate of terCliloroTuluol. Chloride of 
 
 Toluenebichiore.) 
 
 C 14 H 6 C1 4 = C M H 6 Cl,, H Cl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF 
 
 (ChloroDracyl.') 
 
 C M H 8 C1 4 = C 14 H 6 C1 2 , 2 H Cl 
 
 fiiCuLORHYDRATE OF 1^ 
 
 (BiChloride of terChlorv Toluene^ UENE. Soluble 
 
 Bt Hydro Chlorate ofC/tlorobenzoenise. j n e t ner< (De- 
 
 BiHydroCklorateofquinquiChliirnTo- ... , ' .* 
 
 luel. Bichloride of Toluenechlori.) Vllle.J 
 C 14 H e C1 T = C 14 H 3 C1 5 , 2 H Cl 
 
 7erCHLORHYDRATE OF <?W?n</!z'CHLOROToL- 
 
 (TerCtilorifieofbiChloioToluene. UENE. Solu- 
 
 Ter Hydro Chlorate of quintiChloro ^j e j n ether, 
 
 ToluoLTriChloriilfofToluenebichlori.) n ;_iu r n ,^ ar . 
 
 r H ri r n PI 3 H n especially when 
 
 L. 14 U K l^lg = 1-14 JU 3 <^l5, B I V* r J 
 
 this is heated 
 under increased pressure. (Deville.) 
 
 " CHLORHYDRATE OF CHLOROTOLUOL." Vid. 
 Chloride of ChloroToluene. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHOLESTERIN. Insoluble, 
 or very sparingly soluble, in water. Soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 I.) CHLORHYDRATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Witt- 
 
 ^ M II 20 N 2 O 2 , 2 H Cl + 14 Aq stein). Soluble in 
 
 27 pts. of cold, and 
 
 m 0.5 pt. of boiling water; in 5.4 pts. of cold, 
 and in 0.5 pt. of boiling alcohol ; and in 10.5 pts. 
 of ether. 
 
 II.) CHLORHYDRATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pas- 
 teur). 
 
 a = normal. Soluble in 27 pts. of water at 17 . 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 2 , H Cl + 2 Aq Very easily soluble in 
 alcohol ; almost com- 
 pletely insoluble in ether. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 82. 155.) 
 
 b = acid. Very easily soluble in water, and 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 2 , 2 II Cl + 2 Aq spirit. (Leers, loc. cit., 
 p. 156.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF a CINCHONIN. 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water, and alco- 
 C 40 II 24 N 2 2 , H Cl hoi. Almost insoluble in ether. 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water, somewhat 
 C 40 H M N 2 2) 2 H Cl less soluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 24. 303.) " Chlorhydrate of Cinchonin" is soluble 
 in 24 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrijl fur Pharm., 8. 201, in CanstatCs Jahres- 
 bericht,fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF |S CINCHONIN. Soluble in 
 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 2 , H Cl + 4 Aq 22 pts. of cold, and in 
 
 3.2 pts. of hot water ; in 
 
 1 pt. of cold, and in 0.5 pt. of boiling alcohol; 
 and in 550 pts. of ether. (W. Schwabe, in Kopp 
 $ Will's J. B., fur 1860, p. 363.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CITRENE. ] Vid. 
 
 CITRONYL. Chlorhy- 
 
 [ drate of 
 CITRYL. r LemoQ . 
 
 " ClTRYLENE. J Q[[. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF C^COBALTAMIN. Vid. 
 Chloride of LuteoCobalt. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CODEIN. Soluble in 20 
 Cs6 H 21 N o w H Cl + 4 Aq pts. of -water at 1 ** 
 in less than 1 pt. of boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CONHYDRIN. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Th. Wertheim.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CONIIN. Permanent. 
 
CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 139 
 
 C 16 H, 5 N, HCl (Wertheim.) Deliquescent. (Lie- 
 big & Blyth.) Extremely soluble 
 in water. [Very soluble in alcohol, and ether.] 
 (Blyth, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 353.) 
 CHLORHTDRATE OF COPAIBA-OIL. 
 I.) solid. Insoluble in water, or cold alcohol. 
 (Copaiba-Camphor.) Sparingly soluble in hot alco- 
 t'lo ll ie> 2 H Cl hoi. Easily soluble in ether. 
 
 (Blanchet.) 
 
 II) liquid. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Chlorhydrate of Copahilene.) (Gerber.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CORTDALIN. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. Also soluble in strong alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHTDRATE OF COTARNIN. Readily sol- 
 C 26 H 1S N 6 , H Cl + 5 Aq. u ble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CHEATIN. Permanent. 
 C 8 H 9 N 3 O 4 , HUl Soluble in water. (Dessaigues.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CREATININ. Very solu- 
 ble in water. Tolerably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CREATININZINC. Very 
 
 C 8 llg Zn N s Oj, H Cl difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CUBEBENE. Readily sol- 
 C so H 21 , 2 H Cl uble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CUMARAMIN. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. (Frappoli & Chiozza.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CUMARIN. Readily sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CUMIDIN. Soluble in 
 C.gH.jN.HCl water, and alcohol. (Nicholson, 
 /. Ch. Soc., 1. 7.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CUMINAMATE OF ETHYL. 
 Easily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 340.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CUMINAMIC ACID. Tol- 
 
 \ C, n H,, 0, r TJ m erably easily soluble in wa- 
 N K -0 2 ,HU ter Difficultly solub , e in 
 
 boiling chlorhydric acid, 
 
 separating out again as the solution cools ; more 
 easily soluble in a mixture of alcohol and chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 53. 335 ) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CURARIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYAMELID. Soluble, with 
 
 ( CMorhytlrate of Cyanic Acid(CyO,HO,tl Cl).) decompo- 
 C 2 H, N 2 Cl = N | * ", H Cl sition and 
 
 evolution 
 of much heat, in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYAN ANI LIN. Extremely 
 N ( C 12 H 5 c N H C1 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 ( H 2 ' These solutions are partially 
 
 decomposed on evaporation. 
 
 Insoluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid, which 
 precipitates it from the aqueous solution. Readily 
 soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid, the solution un- 
 dergoing decomposition when evaporated. In- 
 soluble in ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 164.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYANIC ACID. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of Cyamelid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYANETHIN. Very soluble 
 C 18 H 15 N 3 , H Cl in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Kolbe & Frankland, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1. 72.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYANETHOLIN. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYANIDE OF ETHYL. In- 
 c t ( c t HS) N0 2 , H Cl stantly decomposed by water. 
 (Habich & Limpricht.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYANOCODEIN. Easily 
 decomposed. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYANOCUMIDIN. Exceed- 
 NC 18 H 13 (C 2 N), HCl ingly sparingly soluble in 
 
 water. (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYMIDIN. Soluble in 
 CjoH^N, HCl water. (Barlow, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 98. 250.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF CYSTIN. Permanent. 
 C 6 Hg N S a 4 , H Cl Nearly insoluble in water. (O. 
 
 Henry.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ELEMI-OIL. 
 I.) solid. 
 C 20 H 10 , 2 H Cl 
 
 II.) liquid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Very deli- 
 N ( C 4 H 5 . quescent. Soluble in water. Sol- 
 
 ( H 2 ' uble in strong boiling alcohol. Less 
 
 soluble in cold alcohol. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 480.) Soluble in 
 mixed alcohol and ether. (Goe^srnann.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLAMIN with CYA- 
 C 4 H 7 N, HCl; 2HgC 2 N NiDE OF MERCURY. Per- 
 manent. Easily soluble 
 in water. Difficultly soluble in cold spirit. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF C?/ETHYLAMYLAMIN. De- 
 C 18 H 22 N Cl = N | (?* [j^ | , H Cl liquescent. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLAMYLANILIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLANILIN. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF C/I'ETHYLANILIN. Soluble 
 in water, and^alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLBRUCIN. Vid. 
 Chloride of EthylBrucin. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLCODEIN. Soluble 
 in water. (How, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 136.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLCONHN. Very de- 
 liquescent. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYIX&CYAN&ZAMIN. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYL CYANANILIN. Very 
 sparingly soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF <&ETHYLENE cfrPnENYLfo'- 
 
 N( (C. H 4 ) 2 o TT ri AMIN. 
 I j *|i H Y* J ****** 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLMORPHIN. Solu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in a mixture of alcohol and 
 ether. (How, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 128.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETBYLfriPnENYLAMiN. 
 (Chlorhydrate of EthylbiCinnamylamin.) Deliquescent. 
 
 Soluble in 
 water. (Goessmann.). 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLPHOSPHIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLPHTALIDIN. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Dusart, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 45. 337.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLPIPERIDIN. Solu- 
 C H S N HCl ble in water. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 38. 97.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF eftETHYLPLATiN(ows)6i 
 
 Tolerably soluble in 
 Sparingly soluble in al- 
 (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 t (C 4 H 6 ) 2 AMIN. 
 
 N 2 < H. , H Cl wa ter. 
 cohol. 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 485.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYI/THIOSINNAMIN. 
 Soluble in water, and spirit. (Weltzien, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 94. 104.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ETHYLTOLUIDIN. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
140 
 
 CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OP 
 
 CIILORHYDRATE OP FUCUSIN. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF FURFURIN. Readily sol- 
 Cjo Hj,N 2 8 , HC1 -J-2 Aq uble in water; less solu- 
 ble in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Fownes.) 
 
 CIILORHYDRATE OF GLAUCIN. Readily solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GLAUCOPICRIN. Solubl 
 in water. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GLYCERAMIN. Extremely 
 
 C 6 H a N 4 , H Cl hygroscopic. Slowly, but entirely 
 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. In 
 
 soluble, or very sparingly soluble, in ether. (Ber 
 
 thelot & De Luca.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GLYCERIN. Vid. Chlor 
 hydrin. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GLYCOCOLL. 
 
 I.) normal. Slowly deliquescent. Readily sol 
 C 4 H 8 N 4 , H Cl uble in water, and in hot ordinary 
 alcohol. Slightly soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol. (Horsford, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 3. 377. 
 
 II.) basic. Easily soluble in water, less soluble 
 2 C t H 6 N 4 , H Cl in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GLYCOCOLL with ANHY- 
 DROUS GLYCOCOLL. 
 
 I. ) C 4 H s N O 4 , H Cl ; C 4 H 4 N 8 Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in water ; 
 
 also in spirit, though less so than in water. (Hors- 
 ford, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 3. 378.) 
 
 II.) basic. 
 2 C 4 H 5 N O 4 , H Cl ; C 4 H 4 N O 8 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GUANIN. 
 
 I. normal. 
 C 10 H s N B 0,,HCl + 2Aq 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 10 H 5 N 5 3 , 2 H Cl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GUANIN with CHLORIDE 
 2 (C, H 6 N B 0,, H Cl) ; 5 Cd C1+ 9 Aq OF CADMIUM. 
 
 Permanent. 
 
 Tolerably readily soluble in water, and in acids. 
 (Neubauer & Kerner, loc. cit.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF GUANIN with CHLORIDE 
 C lo H B N 5 Oj, II Cl ; Zn Cl + 3 Aq OF ZINC. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in 
 
 water. Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid, and in 
 a solution of caustic soda. (Neubauer & Kerner, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm , 1O1. 331.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF HARMALIN.. Tolerably 
 C 36 H, 4 N 2 2 , H Cl + 4 Aq soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of so- 
 dium, and even less soluble in a solution of nitrate 
 of soda. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF HARMIN. Soluble in Wa- 
 t's* H U Nj 3 , H Cl + 4 Aq ter, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF HEXYLAMIN. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of Caproylamin. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF HIPPURAMIC ACID. Gives 
 C 18 H 10 N a o a , H Cl off chlorhydric acid when ex- 
 posed to the air. (Schwanert.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF HUANOKIN. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of Cinchonin. 
 
 CHLOHHYDRATE or HYDRIDE OF CINNAMYL 
 C 1S H 8 0,,HC1 (Cinnamic Aldehyde). Decom- 
 posed by water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF HYDROCYANHARMALIN. 
 C 26 H 14 N a O 2 H Cy, H Cl Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF IGASURIN. Soluble in 2 
 pts. of warm, and in about 4 pts. of cold water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF IODANILIN. Only slightly 
 C ia H 6 lN, HCl soluble in cold water; from this 
 solution it is almost entirely pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of chlorhydric acid. 
 More soluble in boiling water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 276.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF terlooiDE OF NICOTIN. 
 N 2 { (C 10 H 7 "<) }l s ,HCl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE orfo'nloDoMELANiLiN. Very 
 
 C 28 H u I 2 N 3 , H Cl sparingly soluble in hot, less sol- 
 
 uble in cold water. (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF IODONICOTIN. Soluble 
 2 C 20 H 14 N 2 , 3 1, 2 H Cl i n alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF JERVIN. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water, and in mineral acids. Soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF JuNiPER-OiL(or OF JUNI- 
 PERILIN). 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF LEMON-OIL. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 C 20 H 16 , H Cl 
 
 II.) bi. 
 
 (Chiorhydrate of Citronyl. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 
 gX!t tcf C '' We i" 5.88 pts. of alcohol, 
 
 of 0.806 sp. gr., at 14. 
 
 (Saussnre.) Soluble in ether. (Blanchet & Sell.) 
 Soluble in oil of lemon. (Saussure.) Less solu- 
 ble in alcohol than the bichlorhydrate of turpen- 
 tine-oil. (List.) 
 
 III.) "LIQUID LEMON-CAMPHOR." Soluble 
 
 ( Chiorhydrate of Citrylene. in spirit, from which it is 
 Chiorhydrate of Citryl.) precipitated on the ad- 
 
 dition of water. 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF LEPIDIN. 
 
 N \ C 20 Kg"', H Cl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF LETJCIN. 
 I.) c u HIS N 4 , H Cl Readily soluble in water. 
 II.) 2 C u H 1S N 4> H Cl Soluble in ordinary alco- 
 hol. (Schwanert, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 230.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF LOBELIN. 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF LOPHIN. Nearly insoluble 
 ' tt H 16 N 2 , H Cl -t- Aq in water. Tolerably easily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent.) More readily soluble in water, and alcohol 
 than the pure base. (Gcessman & Atkinson.) 
 Less soluble in alcohol and ether than the iodhy- 
 drate. 
 
 fiiCHLORHYDRATE OF MANDARIN-OlL. In- 
 
 soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Luca.) 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF MELAMIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF MELANILIN. Is the most 
 
 , H 13 N 3 , H Cl soluble of the melanilin salts. 
 
 [Compare Bromhydrate of Mel- 
 
 Anilin.] (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 293.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF MENAPHTYLAMIN. Mod- 
 
 , H 17 N,, H Cl erately soluble in water. Very 
 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF MEXTHENE. 
 
 ChloroMe-nthene.) 
 n> H Cl 
 
CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 141 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF MESITYLENE. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Mesityl. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLAMIN. Deliques- 
 N CC 2 H 3 C1 cent. Soluble in water. Easily 
 
 { H 2 ' soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 
 alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 456.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF &J'METHYLAMIN. Very 
 N UC 2 H 3 ) 2 HC1 hygroscopic. Easily soluble in 
 
 i H water ; almost as soluble in al- 
 
 cohol ; but far less soluble in 
 ether. (Petersen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 322.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF tn'METHYLAMiN. Very 
 deliquescent. Very soluble in water. Soluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Winkles, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 93. 326.) 
 
 " CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLENE." Vid 
 Chloride of Methyl. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLETHYLAMYL- 
 AMIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLNITROPHENIDIN. 
 
 C 14 H 8 (N 4 ) N 2 , H Cl Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 readily soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Soluble in spirit. ( Cahours, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 27. pp. 445, 447.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLPHENIDIN. Ea- 
 
 ( Chlorhydrate of Anisidin.) sily soluble, even in dilute 
 
 c, 4 H 9 N 0, H Cl alcohol. ( Cahours, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 
 
 443; & 53. 341.) 
 
 ClILORHYDRATE OF M'METHYLPHOSPHIN. 
 
 P(C 2 H S ) 3 , HCl p p t. (P. The'nard.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLPIPERIDIN. Sol- 
 C,,H,, N, HCl uble in water. (Cahours, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 93.) 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLPLATIN(OMS) 
 ( C 2 H 8 AMIN, Soluble in boil- 
 
 C 1 IT C 1 ! Pt N ^ N < H H Cl g i i i i * 
 
 35 i D , ' inffj less solu'tic in 
 
 cold water. Less sol- 
 uble in water than the chlorhydrate of cftmethyl- 
 platin(ows)6/amin. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30. 464.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ch'METHYLPLATiN(o<s)&j 
 
 ( (C 2 H 3 ) 2 AMIN. Less 
 
 C 4 H 10 N 2 PtCl = N 2 jk 3( ,HC1 SQlublc in al . 
 
 cohol than in 
 water. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 463.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF METHYLURANIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDHATE OF METOLUIDIN. Soluble in 
 water ac-idulated with chlorhydric acid. (Wilson, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 3. 156.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. Solu- 
 ble in water and in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF MORPHINE. Permanent. 
 CM H 10 N 8 , H Cl -f 6 Aq Soluble in 1 6 @ 20 pts. of 
 cold, and in less than 1 pt. 
 of boiling water ; still more soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 22 pts. of cold, and in less than 1 pt. 
 of boiling water; in 60 pts. of cold, and in 10 pts. 
 of boiling alcohol of 80%. (Wittstein, in his 
 Handw.) Soluble in 20 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm. ,8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) More 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of so- 
 dium than chlorhydrate of narcotin, though less 
 soluble than the latter in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NAPHTYLAMIN. Soluble 
 N CC 20 H 8 " Hf ,, in water. (Schiff.) Rather sol- 
 
 l H ' uble in water ; more readily sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. (Zi- 
 nin.) Less soluble in chlorhydric acid than in 
 water. (Piria.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NARCEIN. Readily sol- 
 C 46 H.J9 N 18) H Cl uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NARCOTIN. Extremely 
 soluble in water. More soluble in water, but less 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of so- 
 dium than chlorhydrate of morphine. Soluble in 
 boiling, somewhat less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NICOTIN. Very deliques- 
 C 20 H 14 N a , 2 H Cl cent. Very soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Bar- 
 ral, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 154.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NICOTIN with CHLORIDE 
 CjoH^Nj, 2 HCl; 5 CdCl OF CADMIUM. Readily 
 soluble in water. (Gr. 
 Williams, Galetty.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NINAPHTHYLAMIN. 
 C 20 H 8 N 2 2 , H Cl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NITRAMARIN. Insoluble 
 
 C 42 H 18 (N 4 ) 3 N 2 , H Cl in water. Almost insoluble 
 
 in cold, sparingly soluble in 
 
 strong boiling alcohol. (Bertagnini, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 33. 481.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF (O)NITRANILIN. Perma- 
 C 12 H 6 (N 04) N, H Cl nent. Extremely soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. ( Muspratt & 
 Hofmann.) Decomposed by water. Readily sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 93.359.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF (^)NITRANILIN. Decom- 
 Cj 2 H 6 (N0 4 )N, HCl posed by water Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Arppe.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NITRAZOPHENYLAMIN. 
 C 12 H, (N 4 ) Nj, H Cl + 2 Aq Decomposed by pure 
 water. (Gottlieb.) Sol- 
 uble in dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NiTRoCoDEiN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NITROCUMIDIN. Soluble 
 C, 8 H )2 (N 4 ) N, H Cl + 2 Aq i n water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NITROHARMALIN. Sol- 
 
 C 26 H, 3 (N 4 ) N 2 2 , H Cl uble in water ; less solu- 
 
 ble in dilute aqueous so- 
 
 lutions of chloride of sodium or chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NITROHARMIN. Soluble 
 Cjg H n (N 4 ) N 2 2 , H Cl + 4 Aq in water, and in 
 boiling alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF &JNITROMELANILIN. 
 Cjg H u (N 4 ) 2 N 8 , H Cl Rather difficultly soluble in 
 water. (Hofmann, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 306.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE or NITROMESIDIN. Decom- 
 
 C 18 H 12 N 2 4 , H Cl posed by water. Soluble in 
 
 water acidulated with chlorhy- 
 
 dric acid. Soluble in alcohol. ( Maule, J. Ch. Soc., 
 
 2. 118.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NITROPAPAVERIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. Easily soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF NITROTYROSIN. Easily 
 
 ( c, 4 H, (N 4 ) o* soluble in water, 
 
 N c H 6 2 , H Cl -f- 2 Aq and alcohol> 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF OCTYLAMIN. Deliques- 
 
 ( Chlorhydrate of Caprylamin.) cent. Soluble in wa- 
 
 C 16 H 19 N, H ci ter. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. 
 
 etPhys., (3.) 44. 142.) 
 
 CHLOHHYDRATE OF OLANiN(of Unverdorben.) 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF OXYCANTHIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF OXYCHLORIDE OF CHRO- 
 MIUM. 
 
 I.) Cr, 0, Cl, 2 H Cl, 10 H Soluble in water. 
 
142 
 
 CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 II.) Cr ? 2 Cl, HCl, HO(ofPeligot). Very hy- 
 
 2 CV t),, 2 Cr 2 CL, 8 H 0(of Moberg). ero ^ wo ( e 
 Cr 2 3) 2HCl(of Loewel). 
 
 Soluble m 
 
 water, with evolution of heat. (Peligot, Ann. Ch, 
 et Phys., (3.) 16. 294.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF OxYCosALTiAQUE(of 
 Fremy). Very soluble in ammonia-water. Im- 
 mediately decomposed by water. (Fremy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 279.) 
 
 CHLORHYDHATE OP PAPAVERIN. Soluble in 
 C 40 H 21 N 8 , H Cl boiling water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PARANICINE. Soluble in 
 C 20 H 13 N, HCl water, even when this is cold. (St 
 Evre, in Gerhardt's Tr., 3. 66.) 
 Insoluble in cold water. (Idem, in 6rm., 14. 181.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PELOSIN. Very hygro- 
 Cgg H 2l N 6 , H Cl -f- 2 Aq scopic. Readily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PETININ. Very easily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF efr'PHENiN. Soluble in 
 cblorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PHENOYLBENZOYLAMID. 
 (Chloride of Benzanilid.) Decomposed by water, 
 N \ S 12 I? 4 ", H Cl and alcohol. Soluble in 
 
 < C " Hs ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PHENYLACETOSAMIN. 
 (CUorhyilmte, of Soluble in water, ammonia- wa- 
 Acet[o]ylAm^,i.-) terj and alcohol . (Natanson.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ^HPHENYLAMIN. Easily 
 soluble in water, and in ordinary alcohol ; less 
 easily soluble in absolute alcohol, or anhydrous 
 ether. Its solution soon undergoes decomposition. 
 (Goessmann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 10O. 60.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. 
 C 14 H 7 N 4 , H Cl Soluble in warm chlorhydric acid, 
 from which it separates as the 
 solution cools. (Kubel.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PHENYLUREA. Easily 
 C 2 H ( H o) N a 2' H C1 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATK OF di'PHENYLUREA. Very 
 C 2 H 2 (C 12 H B ) 2 N 2 O 2 , 2 H Cl easily soluble in water ; 
 somewhat less soluble 
 in alcohol. (Laurent & Chancel.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PHORYLAMIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PHTHALIDIN. Soluble in 
 C 16 H 9 N, HCl -water. Very sparingly soluble, or 
 insoluble, in alcohol. (Dusart, loc. 
 cit. ) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PICOLIN. Quickly deli- 
 M I p H u, TT n qesces. Soluble in water. 
 N |C 12 H 7 '",H ( And e rs on.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PICOLIN with protoCiu.o- 
 
 (ChloroCuprate of Picolin.) RIDE OF COPPER. ? Very 
 
 readily soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in 6 pts. of cold, and in a much smaller 
 quantiiy of hot absolute alcohol. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PIPERIDIN. Permanent. 
 C 10 H u N, HCl Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 38. 80.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PIPERIN. Decomposed 
 by water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF A'PLATINAMIN. Vid. 
 Chloride of AmmoniumChloroPlatin(ous)ammo- 
 nium. 
 
 B/CHLORHYDRATE OF PLATINOPICOLIN. In- 
 
 C t , N H 6 Pt, 2 H Cl soluble in water. (Anderson, 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 203.) 
 
 St'ClILORHYDRATE OF PLATINOPlCOLIN with 
 C ]2 N H 5 Pt, 2 H Cl ; C 12 N H 8 Cl, Pt C1 2 ClILOROPLATI- 
 
 NATE OF Pl- 
 COLIN. Much less soluble than the corresponding 
 pyridin compound. (Anderson.) 
 
 filCHLORHYDRATE OF PLATINOPYRIDIN. In- 
 
 C 10 H 3 Pt N, 2 H Cl, or N \ H s'", Cl, S luble * W . a ' 
 < pt * ter and m 
 
 acids. Decom- 
 posed by a warm solution of caustic potash. (An- 
 derson, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 200.) 
 
 fitCHLORHYDRATE OF PLATINOPYRIDIN with 
 C 10 H s Pt N, 2 H Cl ; C 10 H 5 N, H Cl, Pt C1 3 CnLORO- 
 
 PLATI- 
 
 NATE OF PYRIDIN. Soluble in hot, less soluble 
 in cold water. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PLATOSAMIN. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Platin(oMs)ammonium. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF C?/PLATOSAMIN. Vid. 
 Chloride of Platin(o!<s)/AMiN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PLATOSOPYRIDIN. Very 
 C 10 H 4 PtN,HCI sparingly soluble in water; more 
 soluble in boiling alcohol, from 
 which it separates on cooling. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PROPYLAMIN. Deliques- 
 
 (Chlorhydrate of Tritylamin.) Cent. Readily soluble 
 in water. Soluble in 
 
 absolute alcohol and in spirit. (Berthelot & De 
 Luca, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 266.) Soluble 
 in alcoholic ether. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 418.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF PYRIDIN. Deliquesces 
 N { C H I" H Cl ' n mo ' st a ^ r - Easily soluble in 
 I 10 6 ' ' alcohol ; less soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF QDINIDIN. 
 I.) normal. Less soluble in water than the cor- 
 C 40 H^ N 2 4 , H Cl -f 2 Aq responding quinine salt. 
 Soluble in 27 pts. of 
 
 water at 17. Easily soluble in alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water, without de- 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 4 , 2 H Cl + 2 Aq composition; also solu- 
 ble in spirit. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF QUININE. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 26 pts. of cold water, 
 
 (" basic.'' 1 ') very easily soluble in hot 
 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 4 , H Cl + 3 Aq water, and in alcohol. 
 
 More soluble in water 
 
 than sulphate of quinine, or chlorhydrate of quini- 
 din. 
 
 Soluble in 24 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Ze.itschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstalt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. 
 of chloroform dissolve 11.1 pts. of it. (Schlim- 
 pert, Kopp <ir WilCs J. B., fur 1859, p. 405.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very easily soluble in water, with 
 C 40 H-a N 2 4 , 2 H Cl decomposition to the normal 
 salt and free acid. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF QuiNOLEiN(or OF CHINO- 
 LIN). Deliquescent. Soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. Appears to be insoluble in ether. ( Hof- 
 mann.^nn. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 172.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF QCTINOLEIN with CHLO- 
 C 18 H 7 N, HCl; 2CdCl + 2Aq RIDE OF CADMIUM. 
 Very sparingly sol- 
 uble iit water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Williams.) 
 
 CHLORHYDR"ATE OF QUINOLEIN with proto- 
 CHLORIDE OF TIN. Sparingly soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 1 74.) 
 
CHLORHYDRATES. 
 
 143 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF QUINOLEIN with CHLO- ! 
 EIDE OF URANIUM. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF RETININ. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SANGUINARIN. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol, especially when 
 these are warm. Insoluble in ether and in con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid. (Probst, .Ann. der 
 Pharm., 29. 121.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SARCIN. 
 
 .0 S) HCl+2Aq 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SARCOSIN, Very easily 
 XT S n IT r\ ti r>i soluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 W < C 17 Uj, ML/1 . . . 
 
 ( B alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SINAMIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SINAPIN. Readily soluble 
 in water, (v. Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SINAPOLIN, or OF di- 
 
 C 14 H U N, o,,HCl ALLYLUREA. Soluble, with 
 
 partial decomposition, in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SINKALIN. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water, (v. Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SOLANIN. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SPARTEIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF STRYCHNINE. Soluble in 
 
 C HJJ N 2 4 , H C1 + 3 Aq about 40 pts. of water at 
 
 the ordinary temperature. 
 
 (Bouchardat, Ann. Ch. et Pftys., (3.) 9. 228.) 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF STRYCHNINE with CYA- 
 C 44 H 22 N 2 4 , H Cl ; Hg Cy NIDE O F MERCURY. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SULPHOBENZAMIC ACID. 
 
 C 14 H 6 N S 2 O a Cl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SULPHOBENZOIC ACID. 
 C 14 H s S, O g Cl Insoluble in cold water. Slowly 
 decomposed by boiling water and 
 by alcohol. Easily soluble in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SULPHOPHENOYLBEN- 
 N 5 C i2 H * S 2 Oi" H Cl ZOICYLAMIN. 
 
 < c u "s 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF SULPHURIC ACID. Slow- 
 
 2 S 3 ; H Cl ly dissolved, with decomposition, by 
 
 cold water. When a small quantity 
 
 of water is added to a considerable quantity of it 
 
 an explosion ensues. (Williamson.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF TEREBENE. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in alcohol, and ether; from 
 (Chlorhydrate of Peucyl or of Peucylene. which solutions 
 Odogydragof Terebene(of Deville).) u ; g predpitated 
 
 by water. (Clu- 
 
 zel.) Decomposed by alcohol, especially when 
 heated with it. (Blanchet & Sell.) 
 
 II.) basic. 
 2C 20 H 16; HC1 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF TETRYLAMIN. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of Butylamin. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF THEBAIN. Readily solu- 
 Cgg H 21 N 8 , H Cl + 2 Aq ble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF THEOBROMIN. Decom- 
 C 14 H 8 N 4 4 , H Cl posed by water, a subsalt being 
 formed. Soluble in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. (Glasson.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF THIACETONIN. Readily 
 soluble in water ; much less soluble in cold alco- 
 
 hol. Very easily soluble in boiling alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. (Stsedeler.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF THIALDIN. Tolerably sol- 
 iw i r* u am ur.i u W e in cold water, less soluble 
 
 IM { L^n-H.oJV". 11 (1 * 1 1 1 1.1 1 
 
 ( in alcohol, more readily solu- 
 
 ble in both when warm. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF THIOSINAMIN. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF THYMENE. 
 C^HM.HCI 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF TOLUAMIC ACID. More 
 C 16 H 8 N 4) H Cl readily soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 more soluble in boiling water acidulated with 
 chlorhydric acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 53. 332.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF ToLUENYLAMiN(or OF 
 N$ c w H 7Hci TOLUIDIN). Easily soluble in 
 
 ( H 2 ' water, and alcohol. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in ether. (Muspratt & 
 Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF Jri'ToLUENYLAMiN. Only 
 N 5 (C 14 H 7 ; s , H Cl sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF TRITYLAMIN. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of Propylamin. 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF TURPENTINE-OIL. 
 
 I.) mono. Imparts its taste to water. (Cluzel.) 
 (Artificial Camphor. Cklorhydrate Insoluble in water. 
 of Cumphene; or of Dadyle.) g olub , e h] boilin 
 
 less soluble in cold 
 
 alcohol. Soluble in 3 pts. of alcohol of 0.806 sp. 
 gr., at 14. (Saussure.) The alcoholic solution 
 is rendered milky by water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 Readily soluble in oil of turpentine, and oil of 
 almonds. (Trommsdorff.) Readily soluble in 
 ether. Decomposed when boiled with concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Blanchet & Sell.) Ordi- 
 nary nitric acid neither dissolves nor decomposes 
 it. (Cluzel.) Concentrated nitric acid dissolves 
 it with decomposition. (Oppermann.) Slightly 
 decomposed when heated with alcoholic potash to 
 150 160. (Buttlerow.) Soluble in terpinol. 
 (List.) 
 
 II.) bi. Very easily soluble in alcohol. (List.) 
 (Lemon Camphor.') Decomposed by boiling with 
 ^20 H i6> 2 H Cl water or alcohol. (List.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF TYROSIN. Insoluble in 
 
 C J8 H 10 N 6 , H Cl + Aq water, but is decomposed 
 
 thereby. Easily soluble in 
 
 absolute alcohol, also in spirit of 85%, but the 
 latter solution soon deposits pure tyrosin. (C. 
 Wicke, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 101. 315.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 Ur 2 3 , HCl Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. (Klap- 
 roth.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM 
 Ur 2 3 , H Cl ; KC1 +Aq with CHLORIDE OF PoTAS- 
 si UM. Very readily solu- 
 ble, with decomposition, in water. (Pe'ligot.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF UREA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquesces, with decomposition, 
 Cj H^ N 2 2 , H Cl in the air. Instantly decomposed 
 by water. Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in absolute alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Slightly deliquescent. (Dessaignes.) 
 2 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , H Cl 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF UREA, and CHLORIDE or 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 Oj, H Cl ; 2 (C 2 H 4 N 2 O 2) N H 4 Cl) AMMON IUM, 
 
 with UREA. 
 
144 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 Very easily soluble in water. Soluble in mixed 
 alcohol and ether. (Beckrnann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 91.367.) 
 
 ClILORIIYDKATE OF VALERALDIN. Soluble in 
 
 C 3o H si NS 4> H C1 boiling, less soluble in cold spirit. 
 
 (Beissenhirtz, Ann.Ch.u. Pharm., 
 
 90. 110.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRATE OF VsRATRiN. Readily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORHYDRIDE OF CYANOGEN. Vid. Chloride 
 of Cyanogen with Cyanhydric Acid. 
 
 TKCtlLORHYDRIN. 
 
 (fhlnriile of Glyceryl.) 
 
 0,, II.,'", C1 3 
 
 (Isomer.e with Chloride of ChloroPropylene.) 
 
 CHLORHYDRIN. Miscible with its own volume 
 
 (Chlorhydrate of Glycerin.) of water. With 8 Or 10 
 C, H 8 Cl 4 vols. of water it forms a 
 
 very stable emulsion. 
 Miscible with ether. (Berthelot.) 
 
 fii'CuLOBHYDRiN. Miscible with ether. It 
 C 6 H 6 C1 2 3 does not form a stable emulsion with 
 
 water. 
 JEJ/M'CHLORHYDRIN. 
 
 ( GJ ide of Chloro Glyceryl.) 
 C 8 H B C10 2 
 
 C 4 H 4 C1 2 
 
 CHLORHYDRO C?/BROMHYDRIN. 
 
 (komericwith Bromide of ChloroPropylene.') 
 C 6 H 5 Br 2 01 
 
 CHLORHYDRoKiNONE. Very soluble in water, 
 
 (Colorless CUorhydrnkinone. alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Hydroquinnne monochlori.) ( Wo3hler.) 
 GU H 5 Cl 4 
 
 CHLORHYDROKINONE With CHLORoKlNONE. 
 
 (ChlorKinhydro-ne. Brown Soluble in 
 
 Chlor Hydro Kinone.) water and 
 C 24 H 8 C1 2 8 - C 12 H 8 Cl 4 , C 13 H 8 Cl 4 ' 
 
 . Very sparingly sol- 
 
 (Colorless hi Chlor Hydro Kinone. uble in cold, easily 
 
 Xydroquinone bichlort.) soluble in boiling 
 
 C 12 H 4 U,0 4 water Easi i 8ol . 
 
 uble in alcohol, and ether ; also in hot acetic acid. 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble, without alteration, in 
 warm concentrated sulphuric acid, separating out 
 on cooling. Soluble in solutions of caustic am- 
 monia and of potash. (Staedeler.) 
 
 B/ClILORHYDROKlNONE with 6('ClILOROKl- 
 
 (Bi Chlor Kinhydrone. Violet NONE. ScarCC- 
 
 or Yellow hi ChlorHydroKinone.) i v at fl i| ^ n \ n . 
 
 C M U K C1 4 8 (yellow) & + 4 Aq (violet) M , , SC 
 
 r> H ti A r H n n J_i_4 An ble in cold, ea- 
 = C 12 H 4 C1 2 O 4 , Oj 2 H 3 <-,! 2 U 4 , oc -\-l Aq 
 
 sily soluble in 
 
 boiling water. Readily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and hot acetic acid. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which it is precipitated un- 
 changed on the addition of water. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash and ammonia. 
 (Stoedeler.) 
 
 rerCiiLORHYDRoKiNONE. Sparingly soluble 
 
 ( Hydroquinone trichlort.) in Cold water. Slowly sol- 
 
 C 12 H 3 C1 3 4 uble in hot water, with de- 
 
 composition. Easily solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in warm con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, without decomposition. 
 (Staadeler.) 
 
 TVrCHi.ORHYDRoKiNONE with terCHLORoKi- 
 
 (Te.r Chlorkiithy drone. Yel- NONE. Only 
 
 low triChlorHydrochinone) snarino-lv snl- 
 
 C 21 H 4 C1 9 8 = C lt H 3 Cl, 4 , C M II C1 3 4 ^le ' in boH- 
 
 ing water. Easily soluble in ether, and in hot 
 
 alcohol, from which it is precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of water. 
 
 Insoluble in 
 
 (Chlorhydranil. HIJ- water. Readily soluble in al- 
 droguinoneperchlore.) coh()1 and ether> So , uble in 
 
 -19 V>< \A i.n . i T- i.i 
 
 boiling acetic acid. Readily 
 soluble in cold dilute aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. Soluble in ammonia-water, especially 
 when this is hot. Unacted upon by hot concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Stanleler.) 
 
 Qrtc?nCnLORHYDRoKiNONE with perCHLORO- 
 (PerChlorkinhydrone.) KlNONE 
 
 C 24 H 2 C1 8 8 = C 1S H 2 C1 4 4 , C 12 C1 4 4 
 
 CHLORHYBRoQuiNONE. Vid. ChlorHydroKi- 
 none. 
 
 CHLORHYroSuLPHATE OF X. Vid. Chloride 
 of X with Hyposulphate of X. 
 
 ClILORHYPOSuLPHITE OF CHLOROCARBONIC 
 
 OXIDE. Vid. Sulphite of Chloride of terChloro- 
 
 Methyl. 
 
 CHLORIC OXIDE. Vid. HypoChloric Acid. 
 
 CHLORIDES. All the metallic chlorides are 
 soluble in water, excepting chloride of silver arid 
 dichloride of mercury, which are insoluble, and 
 the chlorides of lead and bismuth, which are diffi- 
 cultly soluble. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., p. 463.) 
 
 "CHLORIDE OF ACETYL"(ACKTOYL). Vid. 
 Chloride of iiChlorEthyl. 
 
 "CHLORIDE OF ACETYL "(ACETOYL). Vid. 
 C H Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ACETYL. Decomposed by wa- 
 
 (ChlorAcetyl. Chloride of Acetoxyl. ter. (Gerhardt, 
 Chloride ofOthyl. Acetic Chloride.) Ann a ft p h 
 
 C4f3 2 ' U (3.) 37. 297.) 
 
 OF ACETYL(ACETOXYL). Vid. 
 Oxide of fo'ChlorEthyl. 
 
 JI^CHLORIDE OF ACETYL(ACETOYL). Vid. 
 C 4 H 3 Cl g Chloride of ChlorEthylene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AcETYLcA/or^". Vid. Chloride 
 C 4 H 2 C1 2 2 of ChlorAcetyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ACETYL with HYDRIDE OF ACE- 
 C 4 H 3 2 Cl ; C 4 H 4 8 TYL(Aldehyde). Very slow- 
 ly decomposed by cold, quick- 
 ly decomposed by hot water. Readily soluble, 
 with decomposition, in a dilute solution of caustic 
 potash. (Simpson.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AcETYLAMMONiUM(of Natan- 
 son). Vid. Chlorhydrate of Acetosamin. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ALLYL. 
 C 6 H 5 Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF tefrALLYLiusi. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a anhydrous. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 A1 2 C1 S with evolution of much heat. 
 
 Soluble in 1.432 pts. of water at 15. 
 (Gerlach's determination. See his table of sp. grs., 
 below.) Soluble in 1 pt. of strong alcohol at 12. 5. 
 (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 300 [T.]. 
 Abundantly soluble in alcohol, and ether. In- 
 soluble in rock-oil. 
 
 b = A1 2 Cl s + 12 Aq Very deliquescent. Very sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in about 0.25 pt. of water; and in about 
 2 pts. of pure alcohol at the ordinary temperature, 
 and in 1.5 pts. of the same alcohol when boiling. 
 (Thomson's System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 
 815.) 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 145 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution per cent of 
 
 ofsp.gr. A1 2 C1 3 . 
 (at 15) 
 
 1.00721 . . 1 
 
 1.01443 2 
 
 1.02164 3 
 
 1.02885 4 
 
 1 .03606 5 
 
 1.04353 6 
 
 1.05099 7 
 
 1.05845 8 
 
 1.06591 9 
 
 1.07337 10 
 
 1.08120 11 
 
 1.08902 12 
 
 1.09684 13 
 
 1.10466 14 
 
 1.11248 15 
 
 1.12073 16 
 
 1.12897 17 
 
 1.13721 18 
 
 1.14545 19 
 
 1.15370 20 
 
 1.16231 . . 21 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution per cent of 
 
 of sp. gr. A1 2 Cl s . 
 (at 15) 
 
 1.17092 . . 22 
 
 1.17953 23 
 
 1.18815 24 
 
 1.19676 25 
 
 1.20584 26 
 
 1.21493 27 
 
 1.22406 28 
 
 1.23310 29 
 
 1.24219 30 
 
 1.25184 31 
 
 1.26149 32 
 
 1.27115 33 
 
 1 .28080 34 
 
 1.29046 35 
 
 1.30066 36 
 
 1.31086 37 
 
 132106 38 
 
 1.33126 39 
 
 1.34146 40 
 
 1.35224 41 
 
 1.35359 . . 41.126* 
 
 (Th. Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlatsungen, 1859, 
 p. 16.) 
 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 An aqueous solution containing 19.15% of A1 2 
 Cls boils at 103.4; one of 38.3% boils at 112.8. 
 (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, p. 103.) 
 
 II.) basic. Normal chloride of aluminum can 
 part with J of its acid without becoming insoluble 
 in water ; but compounds more basic than this are 
 insoluble. (Ordway.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 K Cl ; A1 2 C1 3 Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 water, with evolution of heat and 
 decomposition. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF SODIUM. Sol- 
 Na Cl ; Alj C1 3 uble in water, with evolution of 
 heat, and apparently with decom- 
 position. (Woehler.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM with OXTCHLORIDE 
 Al a Cl 3 ;POCl s OF PHOSPHORUS. Deliquescent. 
 Decomposed by water, with evolu- 
 tion of heat. Soluble in warm oxychloride of 
 phosphorus, from which solution it separates on 
 cooling. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM with PHOSPHURET- 
 PH 3 ;Al a Cl 3 TED HYDROGEN. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM with SULPHTDRIC 
 ACID. Deliquescent. Instantly decomposed by 
 water. (Wcehler.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIO!RIDIUM. Difficultly 
 
 5NH 3 .ir 2 ,Cl s soluble in water. Soluble, for the 
 
 most part, with decomposition, in 
 
 ammonia- water. Completely soluble in caustic 
 
 potash. (Glaus, Beitrdge, pp. 90, 92.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIORHODIDM. Difficultly 
 5 N H 3 . Rh 2 , C1 3 soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. Completely soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash and ammonia. 
 Only very difficultly decomposed by oxygen acids. 
 (Glaus, Beitrdge, p. 87.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM. Permanent. Solu- 
 
 ( Muriate of Ammonia. Hydro Chlo- ble in water, with 
 rat^of Ammonia. SalAmmoniac.) red uction of tem- 
 perature. The 
 
 aqueous solution saturated at 18.75 contains 
 27.02% of the salt; or, 100 pts. of water at 18.75 
 19 
 
 dissolve 37.02 pts. of it; or, 1 pt. of the salt is 
 soluble in 2.7 pts. of water at 18.75. The sp. gr. 
 of this solution = 1.08. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 101.) Soluble in 2.803 pts. of water at 
 15. (Gerlach's determination, see his table of 
 sp. grs., below.) Soluble in 2.72 pts. of water at 
 19; or 100 pts. of water at 19 dissolve 36.8 pts. 
 of it; or, the aqueous solution saturated at 19 
 contains 26.9% of it, and is of 1.0767 sp. gr. (H. 
 Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 100. 326.) 
 Soluble in 2.727 pts. of water at 10. (Gren's 
 Handbuch, 1. 488 [T.]) ; in 2.24 pts. of water at 
 62.5. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 309 
 [T.].) The aqueous solution saturated at 10 is 
 of 1.072 sp. gr. [T.]. Soluble in 2.72 pts. of cold, 
 and in 1 pt. of boiling water. The saturated cold 
 solution contains 26.88% of it, and the boiling 
 saturated solution 50%. (M. R. & P.) Soluble 
 in 3 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift filr Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahrcs- 
 bericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) Soluble in 6 pts. of 
 cold, and in 1 pt. of boiling water. (Fourcroy.) 
 100 pts. of water at 18.5 dissolve 36.75 pts. of it. 
 The aqueous solution saturated at its boiling- 
 point (114.2) contains in 100 pts. 88.9 pts. of the 
 salt. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 280.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 1 5.5 dissolve 33 @ 36 pts. of it, and at 
 100 100 pts. (Ure's Diet.) The aqueous solution 
 saturated at 15 is of 1.075209 sp. gr., and con- 
 tains dissolved in every 100 pts. of water at least 
 31.88 pts. of the salt. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 41. pp. 478, 482.) 100 pts. of the aque- 
 ous solution saturated at the boiling-point (113.5) 
 contain 50 pts. of the dry salt ; or, 100 pts. of 
 water at 113.5 dissolve 100 pts. of it; or, 1 pt. 
 of the salt is soluble in I pt. of water at 113.5. 
 (T.Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18.90.) The 
 aqueous solution saturated at 10 contains 23.8% 
 of it (Eller); in the cold, 14.3% (Fourcroy); at 
 38 (of B.'s therm.) 23.5% (Boerhave) ; and at 12.5 
 24.4%. (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) 
 When the solution is boiled, a portion of ammonia 
 volatilizes ; even when the salt is exposed to the 
 air it loses some ammonia. (Emmet, Am. J. Sci., 
 (1.) 18. 255.) When the aqueous solution is 
 evaporated upon a water-bath, it is decomposed to 
 a slight extent, a little ammonia being evolved. 
 (Fresenius, Quant., p. 123.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Very sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Grnelin.) Difficultly soluble in spirit. 
 (Fresenius, Quant., p. 123.) Soluble in 14.1 pts. 
 of boiling highly rectified spirit. (Wenzel, in his 
 Verwandtschaft, p. 300 [T.].) 
 100 pts. of alcohol 
 
 of 0.900 sp. gr. dissolve 6.5 pts. of it. 
 " 0.872 " " 4.75 " 
 
 " 0.834 " " 1.5 " 
 
 (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274 [T.].) 
 Though somewhat soluble in pure absolute al- 
 cohol, it is absolutely insoluble in alcohol when 
 in the presence of chlorides of the methylamins. 
 (Winkles, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 324.) Insol- 
 uble in ether. Insoluble in bisulphide of carbon. 
 (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 32. 393.) 
 Less soluble in chlorhydric acid than in water, 
 being even precipitated when the acid is added to 
 its strong aqueous solution. (Vogel.) When 
 crystals of chloride of sodium are added to a sat- 
 urated aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium 
 they dissolve, to a certain extent, while chloride 
 of ammonium is precipitated. When the reaction 
 is completed the solution, at 18.75, is of 1.1788 
 sp. gr. and contains 32.62% of mixed salt ; or, 100 
 pts. of water have dissolved 48.42 pts. of salt : 
 viz. 26.36 pts. of Na Cl and 22.06 pts. of N H 4 Cl. 
 
146 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 The same mixed solution is obtained when a mix- 
 ture of Na Cl and N H 4 Cl is dissolved in water. 
 If equal weights of saturated solutions of Na Cl 
 and N H 4 Cl be mixed together, nothing separates. 
 One may even dissolve more Na Cl or more 
 N H 4 Cl in this solution without separating the 
 other. But when mixed in certain other propor- 
 tions, the addition of new quantities of Na Cl or 
 of N H4 Cl will cause the preeipitation of the other. 
 (Karsten, Berlin Abhandi, 1840, pp. 106, 107.) 
 In like manner, when chloride of potassium is 
 added to a saturated solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium it dissolves, while chloride of ammonium is 
 precipitated. When the reaction has ceased, the 
 solution, at 18.75, contains 31.6% of mixed salt. 
 A solution identical with this is obtained when a 
 mixture of KC1 and N H 4 Cl is treated with 
 water, 100 pts. of water dissolving 46.1 pts. of 
 mixed salt, viz. 16.27 pts. of K Cl and 29.83 pts. 
 .of NH 4 C1. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandi., 1840, p. 
 109.) When nitrate of ammonia is added to a 
 saturated solution of chloride of ammonium it 
 dissolves, while N H 4 Cl is precipitated ; the re- 
 action continuing until a definite equilibrium is 
 attained. The mixed solution finally obtained is 
 identical with that prepared by treating a mixture 
 of the two salts with water. (Karsten, Berlin 
 Abhandi., 1 840, p. 110.) But if chlorate of potash 
 be dissolved in the saturated solution of chloride 
 of ammonium, nitrate of ammonia will dissolve 
 therein without causing any precipitation. More- 
 over, if chlorate of potash be added to a solution 
 from which chloride of ammonium has been pre- 
 cipitated by nitrate of ammonia, it causes the 
 chloride of ammonium to redissolve. (Marguer- 
 itte, C. R., 38. 306.) Chloride of ammonium is 
 slowly dissolved by a saturated solution of nitrate 
 of soda, at first to a clear solution, but subse- 
 quently chloride of sodium separates out. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandi., p. 128.) It is also soluble 
 in a saturated solution of nitrate of potash, the 
 solution thus obtained containing, at 18.75, 
 42.82% of mixed salt; or, 100 pts. of water dis- 
 solve 74.89 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 30.56 pts. KO, 
 N0 5 , and 44.33 pts. N H 4 Cl. This solution is 
 of different composition from that obtained by 
 treating a mixture of the two salts with water, 
 the latter containing, at 18.75, 44.28% of mixed 
 salt. Consequently, 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 79.46 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 39.84 pts. N H 4 Cl, 
 and 38.62 pts. KO, NO B . (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 handi., 1840, p. 119.) When nitrate of baryta is 
 added to a saturated solution of chloride of am- 
 monium it dissolves, at first without causing any 
 precipitation of the latter, but after a certain 
 amount has been dissolved the solution of further 
 portions occasions the precipitation of chloride of 
 ammonium, the reaction continuing until a certain 
 definite limit has been attained. The solution thus 
 obtained is identical with that made by treating a 
 mixture of the two salts with water. Chloride of 
 ammonium is soluble in a saturated solution of ni- 
 trate of baryta. The solution prepared at 18.75 
 contains 32.07% of mixed salt 100 pts. of water 
 dissolve, therefore, 47.2 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 38.6 
 pts. N H 4 Cl, and 8.6 pts. Ba O, N O 5 . This solu- 
 tion is of different composition from that obtained 
 by treating a mixture of the two salts with water. 
 This last, prepared at 18.75, contains 35.98% of 
 mixed salt. 100 pts. of water, consequently, dis- 
 solve 56.2 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 39.18 pts. 
 NH 4 C1, and 17.02 pts. BaO,NOs. (Karsten, 
 Berlin Abhandi., 1840, pp. 110, 119.) Chloride of 
 ammonium is soluble in a saturated solution of 
 sulphate of soda. It is also soluble in a saturated 
 
 solution of sulphate of potash. The solution thns 
 prepared, saturated at 18.75, contains 33.02% of 
 mixed salt. 100 pts. of water consequently dis- 
 solve 49.3 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 38.2 pts. N*H 4 C1 
 and 11.1 pts. K O, S 3 . This solution is of dif- 
 ferent composition from that prepared by treating 
 a mixture of the two salts with water. This last, 
 at 18.75, contains 32.86% of mixed salt, i. e. 100 
 pts. water dissolve 51.2 pts. mixed salt, viz. 37.92 
 pts. N H 4 Cl, and 13.28 pts. K 0, S O 8 . (Karsten, 
 Berlin Abhandi., 1840, p. 120.) Chloride of am- 
 monium is soluble in a saturated solution of sul- 
 phate of copper, at first to a clear solution, but 
 subsequently with precipitation of a double sul- 
 phate of ammonia and copper. (Karsten, loc. cit, 
 p. 128.) It is slowly and difficultly soluble in a 
 saturated solution of sulphate of magnesia, while 
 a double sulphate of ammonia and magnesia sep- 
 arates out. In a saturated solution of sulphate 
 of zinc also, it dissolves with formation of a doable 
 sulphate. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandi., 1840, p. 129.) 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains 
 lutionofsp.gr. per cent 
 (at 15) ofNH 4 Cl. 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains 
 
 lutionof sp gr. per cent 
 
 (at 15) ofNH 4 Cl. 
 
 1.00316 . . 1 
 
 1 .00632 2 
 
 1.00948 3 
 
 1.01264 4 
 
 1.01580 5 
 
 1.01880 6 
 
 1.02180 7 
 
 1.02481 8 
 
 1.02781 9 . 
 
 1.03081 10 
 
 1 .03370 1 1 
 
 1.03658 12 
 
 1.03947 13 
 1.04325 . 
 (Gerlach, 
 P- HO 
 
 1.04524 
 1.04805 
 1.05086 
 1.05367 
 1 .05648 
 1.05929 
 1 06204 
 1.06479 
 1.06754 
 1.07029 
 1.07304 
 1.07375 
 1.07658 
 
 IS 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 26.297* 
 
 Gew. der Salzloesungen, 1859, 
 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains (by ex- 
 
 lutionofsp.gr. periment) per 
 
 (at 19) centofNH 4 Cl. 
 
 1.0264 8.98 
 
 1.0522 17.95 
 
 1.0767 26.93 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 1O8. 
 
 341.) 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ing table by means of the formula, D = 1 + 
 0.00294 p + 0.0000008 p 2 0.00000016 p 3 ; in 
 which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p -the 
 percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous 
 solution per cent of solution 
 
 Contains 
 per cent of 
 
 of sp. gr. N H 4 Cl. 
 
 of sp. gr. 
 
 N H 4 C1. 
 
 (at 19) 
 
 
 (at 19) 
 
 
 1.0029 . . 
 
 1 
 
 1.0467 
 
 . 16 
 
 1.0058 
 
 2 
 
 1.0495 
 
 17 
 
 1 .0087 
 
 3 
 
 1.0523 
 
 18 
 
 1.0116 
 
 4 
 
 1.0551 
 
 19 
 
 1.0145 
 
 5 
 
 1.0579 
 
 20 
 
 1.0174 
 
 6 
 
 1.0606 
 
 21 
 
 1 .0203 
 
 7 
 
 1 .0633 
 
 22 
 
 1.0233 
 
 8 
 
 1.0660 
 
 23 
 
 1.0263 
 
 9 
 
 .0687 
 
 24 
 
 1.0293 
 
 10 
 
 .0714 
 
 25 
 
 1.0322 
 
 11 
 
 .0741 
 
 26 
 
 1.0351 
 
 12 
 
 .0768 . 
 
 27 
 
 1 .0380 
 
 13 
 
 .0794 
 
 28 
 
 1 .0409 
 
 14 
 
 .0820 
 
 29 
 
 1.0438 . . 
 
 15 
 
 .0846 
 
 . 30 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann 
 
 Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 1859, 
 
 110. 74.) 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 147 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 solution per cent of 
 ofsp.gr NH 4 C1. 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 1.0029 . . 
 
 1 
 
 1.0059 
 
 2 
 
 1.0069 
 
 3 
 
 1.0118 
 
 4 
 
 1.0149 
 
 5 
 
 1.0179 
 
 6 
 
 1 .0209 
 
 7 
 
 1 .0239 
 
 8 
 
 1.0269 . . 
 
 9 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 Contains 
 
 solution 
 
 per cent of 
 
 of sp. gr. 
 
 N U 4 01. 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 
 1.0300 . 
 
 . 10 
 
 1.0358 
 
 12 
 
 1.0416 
 
 14 
 
 1.0474 
 
 16 
 
 1.0532 
 
 18 
 
 1.0590 
 
 20 
 
 1.0642 
 
 22 
 
 1.0693 . 
 
 . 24 
 
 ( Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 298.) 
 In a solution con- 
 taining for 100 pts. The boiling- 
 of water pts. of point is Difference. 
 
 anhydrous elevated. 
 
 NH 4 Cl 
 
 0.0 ... 
 
 7.8 1 ... 7.8 
 
 13.9 2 6.1 
 
 19.7 3 5.8 
 
 25.2 4 5.5 
 30.5 5 5.3 
 35.7 6 5.2 
 
 41.3 7 5.6 
 
 47.3 8 6.0 
 53.5 9 6.2 
 59.9 10 6.4 
 
 66.4 11 6.5 
 73.3 12 6.9 
 
 80.5 13 7.2 
 88.1 14 7.6 
 88.9 (saturated.) 14.2 .. . 0.8 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 100. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phijs., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 436.) An aqueous solution con- 
 taining 10% of N H 4 Cl boils at 101 .7 ; one of 20% 
 boils at 104.4. (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzla- 
 sungen, p. 97.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF ANTIMONY. 
 
 I.) 2 N FI 4 Cl ; Sb C1 8 + 2 Aq Permanent in dry 
 
 II.) 3NH 4 C1; SbCi 3 +3Aq air. Decomposed 
 
 by much water. 
 
 (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF BISMUTH. 
 I.) 2NU 4 ci; Bi ci 3 Decomposed by water. 
 II.) 3NH 4 Cl;BiCi s Decomposed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF CADMIUM. 
 NH 4 Cl;CdCl Sparingly soluble in water. Slight- 
 ly soluble in alcohol, and wood- 
 spirit ; but less so than chloride of cadmium. 
 (Croft.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF COBALT. De- 
 NH 4 d;2CoCl+12Aq liquescent. (Hautz.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & dichloride OF 
 COPPER. Water decomposes it, dissolving out 
 the chloride of ammonium. (Becquerel.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OF 
 COPPER. 
 
 I- ) N H 4 Cl ; Cu Cl + 2 Aq Less soluble than chlo- 
 ride of copper in water. 
 
 (Graham.) Soluble in water, with partial decom- 
 position. Moderately soluble in alcohol, especially 
 in hot, without decomposition. (Cap & Henry.) 
 
 II.) N H 4 CI ; 2 CuCl + 4 Aq Soluble in 2 pts. of 
 water. (Hautz.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF CUPR(?C)AM- 
 NFrri.N$ H 3 m MONIUM. Decomposed by 
 ' H * CI ' N ?CU' CI water. (Ritthausen.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF IODINE. 
 
 N H 4 Cl ; I C1 3 Much more readily soluble in water 
 
 than the potassium compound. 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OF 
 NH 4 Cl;lrCl iRioiuM. Soluble in water and in 
 absolute alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 Soluble in weak alcohol. (Claus.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & sesquichloride OF 
 IRIDIUM. 
 
 I.) 2 N H 4 Cl ; Ir 2 C1 3 Soluble in water, from 
 which solution it is pre- 
 cipitated in great part on the addition of alcohol. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) 3NH 4 C1; Ir 2 CI 3 -f 3 Aq Possesses similar 
 properties to the 
 
 corresponding rhodium salt, in combination with 
 which it crystallizes in all proportions, but is 
 less soluble in a dilute aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. (Claus, Beitriiye, pp. 75, 13.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OP 
 NH 4 Cl;FeCl IRON. Easily soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Winckler: 
 A. Vogel.) 
 
 I.) 2 N H 4 Cl ; Fe 2 C1 3 + 2 Aq & + 3 Aq Deliques- 
 cent. Sol- 
 uble in water, without decomposition. (Fritzsche, 
 in Gm.) Decomposed by water. [?] (Fritzsche, in 
 Ot. Gr.) Soluble in 3 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrijl fur Pliarm, 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 II.) Mixtures of N H t Cl -ofFe 2 C1 3 in various 
 proportions. More deliquescent in proportion to the 
 amount of iron. One sample examined by Geiger 
 was soluble in 3 pts. of cold water. When the 
 aqueous solution is evaporated, nearly pure chlo- 
 ride of ammonium crystallizes out at first. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF LEAD. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MAGNESIUM. 
 N H 4 Cl ; 2 Mg Cl 4- 12 Aq Deliquescent. ( Hautz. ) 
 Permanent. Soluble in 
 6 pts. of cold water. (Fourcroy.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) NH 4 C1; MnCl-f 2 Aq 
 
 II.) NH 4 C1; 2MnCl + 4 Aq Soluble in 1.5 pts. 
 of water at ordinary 
 temperatures. (Hautz.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OF 
 (Sel Alembrotk.) MERCURY. 
 
 I.) N-H 4 Cl ; Hg Cl Permanent. Soluble in 0.66 
 pt. of water at 10, and in 
 nearly all proportions in boiling water. [Com 
 pare protoChloride of Mercury.] 
 
 II.) N H 4 C1; 2HgCl Soluble in water. 
 
 III.) with excess of chloride of ammonium. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM, OF MERCURY, & OF 
 NH 4 Cl ; 2 Hg Cl; 4 NaCl SODIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Kosmann, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 27. 243.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OP AMMONIUM & OF MERCURY 
 N H 4 Cl ; Hg Cl ; 2'(Hg 0, S 3 ) with SULPHATE OF 
 MERCURY. Soluble 
 in water acidulated with nitric acid. Decomposed 
 by ether, which dissolves the chloride of mercury. 
 (Kosmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 238.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OF 
 MOLYBDENUM. [Soluble in water. ?] 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & bichlm-ide OF Mo- 
 NH 4 Cl;MoCl 2 LYBDENUM. Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Ber/elius.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF NICKEL. Sol- 
 N H 4 Cl ; 2 Ni Cl + 12 Aq u ble in water. (Tupputi.) 
 
148 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OF 
 OSMIUM. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & sesquichloride OF 
 OSMIUM. Permanent. Soluble in water, some- 
 times with separation of a basic salt ; less soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & terchloride OF OS- 
 MIUM. Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Berze- 
 lius. ) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF PLATIN(OUS)- 
 K H n TM S H s ri AMMONIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ' "* 01 w I pt' ter, or at least in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of am- 
 monium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF RHODIUM. 
 
 I.) 2 N H 4 Cl ; Rh 2 C1 3 + 2 Aq More difficultly sol- 
 uble in water than 
 
 No. 2. (Claus, Beitrage, p. 73.) Soluble in wa- 
 ter; but insoluble in alcohol of 36 Bm. (Vau- 
 quelin, Ann. de Chim., 93. 204 [Gm.].) Soluble 
 in water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 
 396.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Wollaston.) 
 
 II.) 3 N H 4 01 ; Kb, C1 3 + 3 Aq Permanent. Ea- 
 sily soluble in wa- 
 ter, though somewhat more difficultly than the 
 corresponding sodium salt. Also soluble in a 
 dilute aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 but insoluble in spirit. After standing for some 
 time, or on boiling, the aqueous solution changes 
 color, and appears to contain No. 1. (Claus, Bei- 
 trage, pp. 71, 72.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & sesquichloride OF 
 2 N H 4 Cl ; Ru 3 C1 8 RUTHENIUM. The crystals do 
 not dissolve readily in water, 
 yet they separate with difficulty from their aqueous 
 solution. Insoluble in a cold aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Claus.) Insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF SILVER. De- 
 N H 4 Cl ; Ag Cl composed by much water, chloride 
 of silver being precipitated. (A. 
 Vogel.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OF 
 N H 4 Cl ; Te Cl TELLURIUM. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & bichloride OF TEL- 
 N H 4 Cl ; Te C1 2 LURiuM. Soluble, without decom- 
 position, in a small quantity of 
 water ; but is decomposed when treated with much 
 water, or with alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & protochloride OF 
 TIN. 
 
 I. ) N H 4 Cl ; Sn Cl + Aq Permanent. Easily sol- 
 uble in cold water, the 
 solution becoming turbid when boiled. (Apjohn.) 
 
 II.) 2NH 4 Cl; SnCl+3Aq Permanent. De- 
 composed by water. 
 (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & bichlmide OF TIN. 
 (ChloroStannate of Am- Permanent. Soluble in 3 
 
 NEMcT"- Sn'ct ^"^ L tS " f Water at 14 ' 5 Hf ? ] 
 The concentrated solution is 
 
 not decomposed by boiling, but on being diluted 
 and then boiled, decomposition occurs. (Bolley.) 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF TITANIUM. 
 3NH 4 Cl;2TiCl Soluble in water. (H.Rose.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & basic sesquichloride 
 3 N H 4 Cl ; 2 Ur 2 3 , Ur 2 Cl. + 6 Aq., or O F URANI UM. 
 ' (N H 4 Cl, (Ur a 2 ) Cl + & Aq) Very deliques . 
 
 cent. Very sol- 
 uble in water. (Pel\got,Ann.Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5.39.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & basic chloride OF 
 VANADIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) N H 4 Cl ; Zn Cl + Aq Deliquesces in moist air. 
 Soluble, without decom- 
 position, in water. (Schindler.) Very slightly de- 
 liquescent. Very soluble in cold, and still more 
 soluble in hot water. (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 249.) 
 
 II.) N H 4 Cl ; 2 Zn Cl + 4 Aq Deliquescent. Very 
 soluble in water. 
 (Hautz.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 MERCURY. 
 
 I.) N H 4 Cl ; 2 % Cy Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. It is not decomposed 
 by acids, excepting when these are hot. (Brett) 
 
 II.) 2NH 4 C1; HgCy 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM with ^CYANIDE OF 
 
 N H 4 Cl ; Pt Cy 2 PLATINUM. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM with FERROCYA- 
 
 (ChloroFerro Cyanide of Ammonium.) NIDE OF AMMO- 
 N H 4 Cl ; 2 N H 4 Cy, Fe Cy + 3 Aq NiuM. Perma- 
 nent. Very sol- 
 uble in water, though less soluble than chloride 
 of ammonium. The solution is decomposed by 
 boiling. (Bunsen.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM with IODIDE OF 
 LEAD. 
 
 I.) 3NH 4 Cl;2PbI Decomposed by water, 
 which abstracts the chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. (Voelckel.) 
 II.) 2NH 4 Cl;PbI + 2Aq Decomposed by water. 
 
 (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM with OSMIAMID. 
 
 NTT n ivr 5 H 2 Soluble in pure water, but is 
 
 " I Os 2 rapidly decomposed by boiling 
 
 water. Entirely insoluble in a 
 
 dilute aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 
 and in alcohol. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 12. 523.) Insoluble in water/ or in an aqueous 
 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (Fremy, Ann. 
 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 44. 391.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM with SULPHURIC 
 NH 4 C1; XS0 3 ACID (Anhydrous). Instantly de- 
 composed by moisture. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb., 3. 280.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM with UREA. More 
 N H 4 Cl, C 2 H 4 N 2 2 soluble than urea in water con- 
 taining chloride of ammonium. 
 It may be repeatedly crystallized in presence of 
 an excess of urea, but is partially decomposed by 
 pure water. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUMCHLOROPLATIN(OUS)- 
 
 (Gros's Chloride. BiChlor- AMMONIUM. Diffi- 
 
 hydrate de Diplatinamine.') cultly soluble in cold, 
 
 N,H 6 PtCl, C1 = N ^Pt 01,01 but completely sol- 
 ( N H 4 uble in boiling wa- 
 ter. (Gros, Arm. der 
 
 Pharm, 1838, 27. 249.) Nearly insoluble in wa- 
 ter, or ammonia-water. Soluble in a cold aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash, from which it is repre- 
 cipitated on the addition of chlorhydric acid ; de- 
 composed by boiling the potash solution. (Buck- 
 ton, J. Ch. Soc., 5. 216.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 10 H U C1 (Cahours.) Insoluble in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, and in saline solutions. 
 (Balard, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 300.) Mis- 
 cible in all proportions with alcohol, ether, and 
 amylalcohol. 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 149 
 
 CHLORIDE OF tefr-AMYLAMMONiuM. Deliques- 
 v 5 tc TT i n cent. 
 
 JN ^ (Ho U n.>4> ^ l 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMTLENE. 
 C 10 H 10 ", C1 2 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMYLNICOTIN. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Stahlschmidt, Ann, Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 226.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF AMTLSTRYCHNIUM. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of AmylStrychnine. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ANGELICYL. 
 C 10 H T 2 , Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ANISOYL. 
 (Chlorhydrate of Anisene.) 
 C w H 9 2 , Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ANISYL. Decomposed by wa- 
 C 16 H r O 4 , Cl ter, alcohol, and wood-spirit. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 
 351.) 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY. Deliquescent. 
 Sb Cl s Decomposed by a large quantity of water 
 into an insoluble basic, and a soluble acid 
 chloride. Soluble in absolute alcohol. (Gmelin.) 
 Soluble, without becoming cloudy, in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of sodium. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid, in which solution, unless it be strongly 
 acid, a precipitate is produced on the addition of 
 much water. If to a solution thus rendered milky 
 by water enough dilute chlorhydric acid is added 
 to clear it, and nitric acid then added, no precipi- 
 tate is produced at once ; and the aqueous milky 
 solution may even be rendered clear by adding 
 nitric acid, but in both cases the solutions become 
 troubled again after a time. (H. Rose, TV.) Wa- 
 ter does not produce a precipitate in solutions of 
 terchloride of antimony, when these contain tar- 
 taric acid, or citric acid. (Spiller.) 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLORIDE 
 
 2 Ba Cl ; Sb C1 3 + 5 Aq OF BARIUM. 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLORIDE 
 2CaCl; SbCl 3 + 5 Aq OF CALCIUM. 
 
 TCT-CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLORIDE 
 OF CUMA'RIN. Soluble in water, with subsequent 
 decomposition. (Delalande, Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 
 6. 350.) 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLORIDE 
 
 2MgCl; Sb C1 3 + 5 Aq OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLORIDE 
 a = 2 K Cl ; Sb C1 3 OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in 
 water, without decomposition. 
 (Jacquelin.) More soluble than 6 in water. 
 
 4 = 3K01, SbCl 3 Deliquescent. Decomposed. by 
 
 hot water. (Poggiale.) 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLORIDE 
 
 3 Na Cl ; Sb C1 3 OF SODIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Poggiale.) 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLORIDE 
 2 Sr Cl ; Sb C1 3 + 5 Aq OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY with SULPHIDE 
 OF ANTIMONY. Ppt. Insoluble in dilute chlor- 
 hydric acid. 
 
 QMzn^uj'CHLORiDE OF ANTIMONY. Deliquesces 
 Sb C1 B with decomposition. Decomposed by water, 
 with evolution of heat. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid. If no chlorhydric acid be present, it 
 is decomposed when the least possible quantity of 
 water is added ; a basic salt and free chlorhydric 
 acid but no acid salt being formed. (H. 
 Rose r Pogg. Ann., 83. 146.) 
 
 Qi71<?tttCHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY with CHLO- 
 
 Sb C1 5 ; Cy Cl RIDE OF CYANOGEN. Immedi- 
 ately decomposed by water. 
 CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY & OF ETHYL. De- 
 composed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY & bichloride OF SUL- 
 Sb C1 B ; 3 S Cl s PHUR. Decomposed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY with CYANIDE OF 
 C 8 H 6 N;SbCl 6 ETHYL. Instantly decomposed 
 by water, and alcohol. It cannot 
 be recrystallized from ether. (Henkel.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY with CYANIDE OF 
 C 4 H 3 N;SbCl 6 METHYL. Instantly decomposed 
 by water, and alcohol. It cannot 
 be recrystallized from ether. (Henkel.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY with PHOSPHURET- 
 TED HYDROGEN. Decomposed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSENETHYLIUM. Deliques- 
 
 As (C 4 H 6 ) 4 Cl + 8 Aq cent. Readily soluble in 
 
 water, and spirit. Insoluble 
 
 in ether. (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 332.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSENETHYLIUM & protocklo- 
 ride OF MERCURY. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSEN<rtETHYL. 
 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 As, C1 2 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSENC&ETHYL with prcrfOxiDE 
 (C 4 H 6 )j As, C1 8 ; 4 Hg OF MERCURY. Very diffi- 
 cultly soluble in cold, more 
 
 easily soluble in boiling water. Very difficultly 
 soluble in alcohol. Unacted upon by dilute, de- 
 composed by concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSENfnETHYL with efrViOxiDE 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 3 As, C1 2 ; Hgj OF MERCURY. Tolerably 
 easily soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSENETHYLIUM. Very deli- 
 
 < ,<-< TT > m , a A quescent. Easily soluble in 
 As}(G 4 H 6 ) 4 Cl+8Aq ^ ater> and alcoh ^ L Insolu . 
 
 ble in ether. 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF ARSENIC. Soluble in a 
 a = As C1 3 small amount of water, but is decom- 
 posed by a larger quantity, as well as 
 on boiling, to arsenious acid and free chlorhydric 
 acid. Miscible with alcohol. (Gmelin.) Also 
 miscible with oil of turpentine and with olive-oil. 
 (J. Davy.) Easily soluble in water, alcohol, 
 ether, and the essential oils. When in contact 
 with much water it is gradually decomposed to 
 As Oa and HC1. (Dumas.) Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Somewhat soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. (Penny & Wallace.) 
 
 6 = As C1 3 + 3 H With water it behaves like the 
 anhydrous compound. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSENIC & OF SULPHUR. 
 
 I.) As ci s ; 2 SCl ) Decomposed by water. (H. 
 
 II.) AsCl 3 ;3SCl [ Rose.) 
 
 Z&CHLORIDE OF ARSENMETHYL. Tolerably 
 As C 2 H 3 ", C1 2 readily soluble in water. (Bseyer.) 
 
 QxarfnCHLORiDE OF ARSENMETHYL. 
 As C 2 H 3 CI 4 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ARSENMETHYLETHYLIUM. 
 Very deliquescent. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM. Permanent. 1 pt. of 
 Ba Cl + 2 Aq the crystallized salt is soluble in 2. 1 8 
 pts. of water at 21 .5 ; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 21.5 dissolve 46 pts. of it; or the solution 
 saturated at 21.5 contains 31.5% of it, and 26.8% 
 of the anhydrous salt, and is of 1.2878 sp. gr. 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 2.862 pts. 
 of water at 15. (Gerlach's determination, see his 
 table of sp. grs., below.) 
 
150 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 Dissolve pts. 
 
 100 pts. of water of the anhydrous of the cryst. sail 
 atC. salt, Bad. Ba Cl + 2 Aq. 
 
 15.64 .... 34.86 . . . 43.50 
 
 49.31 43.84 55.63 
 
 74.89 50.94 65.51 
 
 105.48 .... 59.58 . . . 77.89 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 11. pp. 
 
 309, 310.) 
 The equation of the curve of solubility ol 
 
 chloride of barium is, y = 0.2711 x + 30.62. 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, loc. cit.), or 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 
 of the anhydrous salt, pts. = 32.62 + 0.2711 T. 
 
 (H. Kopp.) By direct experiment, Kopp found 
 
 that 100 pts. of water at 17.4 dissolved 36.7 pts. 
 
 of the salt; according to the formula, 37.3 pts. 
 
 should have been dissolved. (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. 
 
 . Pharm., 1840, 34. 262.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution 
 of sp. gr. 
 (at 15) 
 
 Contains 
 per cent of 
 BaCI. 
 
 1.00917 
 
 . . 1 
 
 1.01834 
 
 2 
 
 1.02750 
 
 3 
 
 1.03667 
 
 4 
 
 1.04584 
 
 5 
 
 1.05569 
 
 6 
 
 1.06554 
 
 7 
 
 1.07538 
 
 8 
 
 1.08523 
 
 9 
 
 1.09508 
 
 10 
 
 1.10576 
 
 11 
 
 1.11643 
 
 12 
 
 1.12711 
 
 . 13 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at 
 
 16.25 
 
 20.00 
 
 22.50 
 
 37.50 
 
 50.00 
 
 62.50 
 
 75.00 
 
 87.00 
 
 Dissolve of crystallized 
 Chloride of Barium 
 (BaCl + 2Aq), pts. 
 
 . . . 39.6 
 42.2 
 43.7 
 51.0 
 65.0 
 48.0 
 63.0 
 65.0 
 
 100.00 72.0 
 
 (Brandes, BucJmer's Repertitorium, 14. pp. 451, 
 105, cited in Berzelius's Jahresbericht, 4. 102.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 18.1 contains 
 35. 51% of the crystallized salt; hence 100 pts. of 
 water at 18.1 dissolve 44.31 pts. of the salt, or 
 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 2.257 pts. of water at 
 18.1. The specific gravity of this solution = 
 1.2851. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 101.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.282345 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 34 379 pts. of the anhy- 
 drous, or 42.757 pts. of the crystallized salt. (Mi- 
 chel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 
 482.) Soluble in 2.67 pts. of water at 18.75. ( Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fiir Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstalt's Jahresbericht, fiir 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. 
 of the aqueous solution saturated at its boiling 
 point (104.4) contain 45 pts. of the dry salt; or 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 81.81 pts. of it at 104.4; 
 or, 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 1.2222 pts. of 
 water at 104.4. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 
 18. 90.) The aqueous solution saturated at its 
 boiling-point (1044) contains 60.1 pts. of the an- 
 hydrous salt, and 70.36 pts. of the crystallized salt 
 iii 100 pts. of water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., citing 
 Legrand.) The aqueous solution saturated at 
 12.5 contains 28.3% of [the crystallized?] salt. 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) 1 pt. 
 of anhydrous chloride of barium is soluble in 2.86 
 pts. of water at 15.5, and in 1.67 pts. of water at 
 the boiling temperature ; the crystallized salt is 
 soluble in 2.3 pts. of water at 15.5, and in 1.28 
 pts. at the boiling temperature. The solution 
 saturated at 15. 5 contains 25. 84% of.the anhydrous 
 salt and 30.20% of the crystallized ; while the 
 saturated boiling solution contains 37.33% of the 
 anhydrous and 43.22% of the crystallized salt. (M. 
 R. & P.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 20 
 pts. of it, and at 87.7 43 pts. It is more soluble 
 in boiling water. (Ure's Diet.) It is liable to 
 form supersaturated solutions. (Ogden.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution 
 
 of sp. gr. 
 (at 15) 
 
 1.13778 
 1.14846 
 1.15999 
 1.17152 
 1.18305 
 1.19458 
 1.20611 
 1.21892 
 1.23173 
 1.24455 
 1.25736 
 1.27017 
 1.28267 
 
 Contains 
 
 per cent of 
 
 BaCI. 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 25.97* 
 
 (Th. Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, 1859, 
 p. 14.) 
 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experiment) 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 21.5) per cent of Ba Cl + 2 Aq. 
 
 1.2878 31.53 
 
 1.1770 21.02 
 
 1.1123 14.01 
 
 1.0816 10.51 
 
 1.0531 7.00 
 
 1.0261 3.50 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 333.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ing table by means of the formula, D = 1 + 
 0.007243 p + 0.0000453 p 2 + 0.0000006567 p 3 ; 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the 
 percentage of substance contained in the solution. 
 Sp. gr. Per Cent of Per cent 
 
 (at 21.5). Ba Cl + 2 Aq. of Ba Cl. 
 
 1.0073 ...- 1 .... 0.853 
 
 1.0147 2 1.705 
 
 1.0222 3 2.558 
 
 1.0298 4 3.410 
 
 1.0374 5 4.263 
 
 1.0452 6 5.115 
 
 1.0530 7" 5.968 
 
 1.0610 8 6.821 
 
 1.0692 9 7.673 
 
 1.0776 10 8.526 
 
 1.0861 . 11 9.379 
 
 1.0947 12 10.231 
 
 1.1034 13 11.084 
 
 1.1122 14 11936 
 
 1.1211 15 12.789 
 
 1.1302 16 13.641 
 
 1.1394 17 14.494 
 
 1.1488 18 15.346 
 
 1.1584 19 16.199 
 
 1.1683 20 17.051 
 
 1.1783 21 17.904 
 
 1.1884 22 18.756 
 
 1.1986 23 19.609 
 
 1.2090 24 20.461 
 
 1.2197 25 21.314 
 
 1.2304 . 26 22.166 
 
 1.2413 27 23.019 
 
 1.2523 28 23.871 
 
 1.2636 29 24.724 
 
 1.2750 .... 30 .... 25.577 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 73.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of Contains pts. 
 sp. gr. (at 19 5) (sp. gr. of Ba Cl dissolved in 
 of watex at 19.5 = 1) 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.0760 ....... 8.88 
 
 1.1521 18.24 
 
 1.2245 27.53 
 
 1.2837 35.44 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 444.) 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 151 
 
 The sp. gr. of a solution saturated at 8 is 1.27 
 (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 211); at 
 18.1 it is 1 2851. (Karsten.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. (at 12.5) of the salt. 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. (at 12.5) of the salt. 
 
 1.0073 . . 1 
 
 1.0919 
 
 . . . 12 
 
 1.0146 2 
 
 1.1014 
 
 14 
 
 1.0217 3 
 
 1.1309 
 
 16 
 
 1.0289 4 
 
 1.1504 
 
 18 
 
 1 .0360 5 
 
 1.1700 
 
 20 
 
 1.0430 6 
 
 1.1901 
 
 22 
 
 1.0503 7 
 
 1.2227 
 
 24 
 
 1.0575 8 
 
 1.2363 
 
 26 
 
 1.0647 9 
 
 1.2600 
 
 . . . 28 
 
 1.0720 . . 10 
 
 
 
 (Hassenfratz, 
 
 Ann. de Chim., 
 
 28.298.) 
 
 In a solution 
 
 
 
 containing for 
 
 The point of 
 
 
 100 pts. of water, 
 
 ebullition is 
 
 Difference. 
 
 pts. of anhydrous 
 
 elevated. 
 
 
 Bad 
 
 
 
 0.0 . . . , 
 
 , 0.0 
 
 
 11.0 
 
 0.5 . . . 
 
 .11.0 
 
 19.6 
 
 1.0 
 
 8.6 
 
 26.2 
 
 1.5 
 
 6.6 
 
 32.5 
 
 2.0 
 
 6.3 
 
 38.6 
 
 2.5 
 
 6.1 
 
 44.5 
 
 3.0 
 
 5.9 
 
 50.3 
 
 3.5 
 
 5.8 
 
 56.0 
 
 4 ... 
 
 5 7 
 
 60.1 . . . . 
 
 4.4 
 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 100.2. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 432.) An aqueous solution con- 
 taining 10% of Ba Cl boils at 100.6; one of 20% 
 boils at 101.9. (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlce- 
 sungen, p. 102.) The crystals are soluble in 400 
 pts. of boiling absolute alcohol ; more easily solu- 
 ble in spirit. (In Gmelin & in Schubarth's Tech. 
 Chem.) Insoluble in absolute alcohol. (H. Rose.) 
 Soluble in from 6885 < 8108 pts. of 99.3% alcohol 
 at 14.5, and in 4857 pts. of the same alcohol at 
 the temperature of ebullition. (Fresenius, Ann. 
 Ch. M. Pharm., 1846, 59. 127.) Insoluble in cold 
 absolute alcohol, but dissolves in about 400 pts. of 
 it when boiling. (Bucholz, in his BeitrUge, 3. 24 
 [T.].) Sensibly soluble in alcohol of 0.808 sp. gr. 
 (Thomson, in his System of Chem., London, 1831, 
 2. 813.) 
 
 100 pts. of alcohol Dissolve of the an- Dissolve of the 
 of sp. gr. hydrous salt, pts. cryst. salt, pts. 
 
 0.900 ... 1.00 ... 1.56 
 0.848 0.29 0.43 
 
 0.834 0.185 0.32 
 
 0.817 . . . 0.09 . . . 0.06 
 
 (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274 [T.].) 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) in Contains per cent 
 
 alcohol of of crystallized 
 
 sp. gr. per cent by weight. chloride of barium. 
 
 1.000 ... 30.25 
 
 0.986 10 23.7 
 
 0.972 20 18.0 
 
 0.958 30 12.8 
 
 0.939 40 9.3 
 
 0.895 60 3.4 
 
 0.847 ... 80 0.5 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861. 118. 
 
 365.) 
 
 Less soluble in water acidulated with chlorhy- 
 dric acid than in pure water, and insoluble in con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid ; hence a considerable 
 amount of the salt is precipitated from its aqueous 
 solution on the addition of chlorhydric acid. (Ber- 
 
 zelius, Lehrb., 3. 355.) It has also been stated 
 that chloride of barium is very difficultly soluble 
 in nitric acid, but this is incorrect, the fact being 
 that nitrate of baryta is very difficultly soluble in 
 chlorhydric or nitric acid. (H. Wnrtz. Am. J.Sci., 
 (2.) 25. 376.) If chloride of sodium be added to 
 a saturated aqueous solution of chloride of barium 
 a portion of it dissolves, while chloride of barium 
 is precipitated, the reaction continuing until the 
 amounts of the two salts in solution have attained 
 a certain definite equilibrium. (Karsten, Berlin 
 Abhandl., 1840, p. 109.) When a mixture (in ex- 
 cess) of chloride of barium and chloride of so- 
 dium is treated with water, 100 pts. of the water 
 dissolve, at 17, 38.6 pts. of the mixed salts, of 
 which 4.1 pts. are Ba Cl : at 18.3, 39.2 pts. of 
 the mixed salts, of which 4.2 pts. are Ba Cl. At 
 17 or at 18.3 the solubility of pure chloride of 
 sodium = 35.9 ; that of chloride of barium 
 < at 17 = 37.2. 
 i at 18.3 = 37.6. 
 
 A . 17 o Found: 38.6 = 34.5 NaCl -f- 4.1 BaCl. 
 Calcul. : 38.6 = 35.9 " + 2.7 " 
 
 is s Founrt : 39 2 = 35.0 " + 4.2 " 
 Calcul. : 39.2 = 35.9 " + 3.3 " 
 
 As a general law, when a mixture of two salts 
 of a single acid is treated with water the salt of 
 the stronger base dissolves as if no other salt than 
 itself were present. (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1840,34. 268.) When chloride of potassium is 
 added to a saturated solution of chloride of barium 
 it dissolves, while the latter is precipitated ; this 
 reaction continues until a definite solution of the 
 two salts is obtained, which is identical with that 
 made by treating a mixture of the two salts with 
 water. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 110.) 
 When a mixture (in excess) of the chlorides of ba- 
 rium and potassium is treated with water, 100 pts. 
 of the water dissolve, at 16.8, 45.9 pts. of the mixed 
 salts, of which 18.2 pts. are BaCl ; at 16.6, 45.4 
 pts. of the mixed salts, of which 18.2 pts. are 
 BaCl. 
 
 At 16.6 or 16.8 the solubility of pure chloride of 
 potassium = 33.8 ; that of chloride of barium = 
 C at 16.6, 37.1. 
 {at 16.8, 37.2. 
 
 A . lc .o Found: 45.4 = 27.2 KC1 + 18.2 BaCl. 
 At lb ' b Calcul.:45.4 = 33.8 " + 11.6 " 
 A* i a Found: 45.9 = 27.7 KC1 -f- 18.2 BaCl. 
 * Calcul.:45.9 = 33.8 " + 12.1 " 
 
 These salts furnish a remarkable exception to 
 the general law, that when a mixture of two salts 
 of a single acid is treated with water the salt of the 
 stronger base dissolves as if no other salt were 
 present; this exception is explained by the fact 
 that the two combine, forming a double salt which 
 has its own peculiar coefficient of solubility. (H. 
 Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 267.) Chlo- 
 ride of barium is soluble in a saturated solution of 
 nitrate of baryta. Chloride of barium is exceed- 
 ingly slowly soluble in a saturated solution of ni- 
 trate of soda, with separation of nitrate of baryta; 
 it is rapidly soluble in a saturated solution of 
 nitrate of potash, but only to form nitrate of baryta 
 which separates out. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, pp. 129, 130.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM with GLYCOCOLL. Per- 
 
 C 4 H 4 N 3 , Ba Cl + 2 Aq manent. More soluble 
 
 in hot than in cold water ; 
 
 less soluble in alcohol than in water. (Horsford.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM & OF LEAD. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM & OF MERCURT. Ef- 
 Ba Cl ; 3 Hg Cl + 2 Aq floresces in dry air. Soluble 
 in water. (Bonsdorff.) 
 
152 
 
 CHLORIDES. ' 
 
 CHLORIDE OP BARIUM & sesquichloride OF RU- 
 THENIUM. Decomposed by alcohol, which dis- 
 solves out the sesquichloride of ruthenium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM & OF SILVER. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM & protochloride OF TIN. 
 Ba Cl ; Sn Cl + 4 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM & bichloride OF TIN. 
 Ba Cl ; Sn C1 2 + 5 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 Ba Cl ; 2 Hg Cy + 6 Aq MERCURY. Efflorescent. 
 Easily soluble in water 
 and in dilute alcohol. (Brett.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BARIUM with FLUORIDE OF 
 Ba Cl ; Ba Fl BARIUM. Difficultly soluble in wa- 
 ter, though much more readily solu- 
 ble than fluoride of barium alone. But water 
 decomposes it to a certain extent, so that when it 
 is washed upon a filter more chloride of barium 
 than fluoride of barium is dissolved out. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb., 3. 356.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF-BENZANILIDYL. Vid. Chloride 
 of PhenoylBenzoicyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZIL. Insoluble, or very 
 
 C 28 H u 4 , Cl sparingly soluble, in water, by which 
 
 it is slowly decomposed. Quickly 
 
 decomposed by alkaline solutions. (Cahours, Ann. 
 
 Cfi. et Phys., (3.) 23. 350.) 
 
 T^CHLORIDE OF BENZIN. Vid. Chlorhydrate 
 of terChloroBenzin. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZOICYLSULPHOPHENOYL- 
 C 12 H 4 S 2 4 " AMID. Fumes in the air. 
 4 H 6 , Cl Decomposed by water. (Ger- 
 hardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 53. 303.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZOL (Cu He")- Insoluble in 
 (ChloroBenzol. Hydride water. Easily soluble in 
 ofChloroBenzoyl. Ohio- a i coho l and etner . (Ca- 
 nde nf Bemylene.) '. ! W. 
 
 C,, H ft ", Cl, hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 23.331.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZOYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (ChloroBenzoyl.) It is decomposed, however, and 
 c u H 5 2 , Cl thus dissolved, by boiling wa- 
 ter. Decomposed by hot alcohol, 
 and by ammonia-water. Unacted on by ether. 
 Miscible in all proportions with bisulphide of car- 
 bon. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZOYL with HYDRIDE OF 
 r -a n n r TT n > BENZOYL. Decomposed 
 
 C u 11 6 U 2 t-1 , U u H 5 U.; I 
 
 H | by warm water, or alco- 
 hol. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold alcohol. (Laurent & Gerhard t.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZOYLcMwe. Vid. Chloride 
 of ChloroBenzoyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZYL. Vid. Chloride of 
 Toluenyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BENZYLENE. Vid. Chloride of 
 Benzol (Cu He"). 
 
 BICHLORIDE OF BISMUTH. Very hygroscopic. 
 Bi C1 2 Decomposed by water, and, with partial 
 solution, by dilute mineral acids. (Schnei- 
 der, Ann. Ch.u.Pharm., 97. 195.) 
 
 TVrCHLORIDE OF BlSMUTH. 
 
 I.) Bi C1 3 Deliquesces with decomposition. De- 
 composed by water, with elevation of 
 temperature, an insoluble oxychloride being pre- 
 cipitated, while ohlorhydric acid remains in solu- 
 tion, no acid salt being formed. (H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 83. 145.) Soluble in dilute chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 It is not decomposed by water when in presence 
 of citric acid. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. Oxychloride of Bismuth. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BISMUTH & OF POTASSIUM. 
 2 K Cl ; Bi C1 3 + 4 Aq Decomposed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BISMUTH & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) Na Cl ; Bi C1 3 + 3 Aq Deliquescent. 
 
 II.) 2 Na Cl ; Bi C1 3 + 2 Aq Permanent. Decom- 
 posed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BISMUTH with SELENIDE OF 
 Bi C1 3 ; 2 Bi Se s BISMUTH. Unacted upon by 
 water. Scarcely at all acted 
 upon by chlorhydric acid. Easily and completely 
 dissolved, with decomposition, by nitric acid. 
 (Schneider.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BISMUTH with SULPHIDE OF 
 Bi C1 3 ; 2 Bi S 3 BISMUTH. Unacted upon by water, 
 or by cold dilute acids. Decom- 
 posed by hot acids. (Schneider.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BISMUTHETHYL. Not com- 
 ( Chloride of Bisethyl.) pletely soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 6 Bi",cl, Soluble in alcohol. (Dun- 
 
 haupt.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BORNEOL. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Chloride ofCamphol.) 
 C M H 17 Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BORON. Rapidly absorbed by 
 
 B C1 3 water, with decomposition to boracic and 
 
 chlorhydric acids. It is also absorbed and 
 
 decomposed by alcohol, wood-spirit, and fusel-oil. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BROMINE. Soluble in water. 
 Decomposed by sunlight. (Lcewig.) Ether ab- 
 stracts it from the aqueous solution. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BROMONAPHTHALIN. Spar- 
 (SubMoride of ingly soluble in boiling ether. 
 
 Bromonaphtase) /T ,.,* \ 
 C 20 H 7 Br, C1 2 (^ U 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ^BROMONAPHTHALIN. Very 
 (Chloride of Bronaphtke .) sparingly soluble in alcohol, 
 C 20 H 6 Br 2 , 2 C1 2 and ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 (Per Chloride of Bronaphtese 
 (C 20 H.Br 2 ,Cl5) (Laurent, 
 at first). Chloride of Bromi- 
 
 LIN. Very spar- 
 
 { } soluble in 
 
 ,P J /T 
 ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 C 20 H 5 Br 2 C1 6 = Cjo H B Br 2 Cl, 2 Cl, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BUTOYL. 
 C 8 H 7 , ci 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BUTYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Chloride of Tetryl. (Kolbe's Lehrb., 1. 289. ) 
 
 Butylchlorhydric Ether.) 
 C 8 H 9 Cl ' 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BUTYLENE. Insoluble in water. 
 (rhlorideofTetrylene,') Readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 C 8 n s ", Ci 2 ether. (Kolbe, J. Ch. Soc., 
 
 2. 169.) 
 
 "CHLORIDE OF BUTYRILE." Vid. Chloro- 
 C 8 H 7 Cl Butylene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF BUTYRYL. Instantly decom- 
 (Rutyr ic Chloride.) posed by water. (Gerhardt, Ann. 
 C 8 H 7 2 , Cl Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 299.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CACODYL. 
 
 (Chlor Arsin .) 
 
 I.) ( c H s)s As > C1 Not perceptibly soluble in 
 water. Miscible with alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 II.) basic. 
 3 C 4 H 8 As Cl ; C 4 H 6 As 
 
 III.) ter. Decomposed by water. Soluble in 
 As (C 2 H^) 2 , C1 3 ether ; also soluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon, but less so than in ether. 
 (A. Bajyer.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CACODYL & OF COPPER. De- 
 As (C 2 H 3 ) 2 Cl ; Cu 2 Cl composed by boiling water. 
 Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 153 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CACOPLATYL. Soluble in boil 
 
 (f'hloride nf Cacodyt Platinum.) J n g wa 
 
 C 4 H 7 As PtCl 2 = p 2 [i 3 pt \ As, Cl + 2 Aq ter, and 
 
 alcohol 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM. Deliquescent. Ea 
 Cd Cl, & + 2 Aq sily soluble in water. (Stromeyer 
 John.) 
 
 The anhydrous salt is soluble in 
 
 0.71 pt. of water at 20 
 0.72 " " " 40 
 0.72 " " " 60 
 0.70 " " " 80 
 0.67 " " " 100 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 162.) 
 An aqueous so- Contains pts. of the an- 
 
 lution of sp. gr. hydrous salt dissolved 
 
 (at 19.5) in 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.1063 13.0 
 
 1.2106 26.9 
 
 1.3100 41.1 
 
 1.4060 55.8 
 
 1.5060 72.5 
 
 1.7266 114.2 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 155, & 106. 587.) 
 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in strong chlorhydric acid. (II. Wurtz.) 
 
 Soluble in ammonia-water, with combination. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF COBALT. De- 
 2 Cd Cl ; Co Cl + 12 Aq liquescent. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF COPPER. 
 Cd Cl ; Cu Cl + 4 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM &OF IRON. 
 2 Cd Cl ; Fe Cl + 12 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 I.) CdCl;2 MgCl-f- 12 Aq 
 
 II.) 2CdCl; MgCl + 12 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF MANGANESE. 
 2 Cd Cl ; Mn Cl + 12 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) Cd Cl ; 2 Ni Cl + 12 Aq. 
 II.) 2 Cd Cl ; Ni Cl + 12 Aq. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) KCl; Cd Cl Less soluble in water than the 
 corresponding bromine com- 
 pound. 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 33.45 pts. 
 of it. Slightly soluble in alcohol, and wood-spirit ; 
 less so than chloride of cadmium. (Croft, Phil. 
 Mag., (3.) 21. 356.) 
 
 II.) K Cl; 2 CdCl-r- Aq 
 
 III.) 2 KCl; Cd Cl More soluble in water than 
 No. 2. (.v. Hauer.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF SODIUM. 100 
 NaCl;CdCl pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 71.32 
 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. of the salt is solu- 
 ble in 1.4 pts. of water, at 155. Slightly soluble 
 in alcohol, and wood-spirit ; less so than chloride 
 of cadmium. (Croft, Phil. Mag., (3.) 21. 367.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM & OF STRONTIUM. 
 2 Cd Cl ; Sr Cl + 7 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUM with UREA. Very 
 2 Cd Cl ; C 2 H 4 N 2 2 readily soluble in water. Not 
 absolutely insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Neubauer & Kerner, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 101. 338.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMiuMterAMiN. Extremely 
 (Ammonia CUoride sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 of Cadmium.) (Schueler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 N | H 9 . Cd, Cl 87. 43.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CADMIUMAMMONIUM. Soluble 
 v ( H 3 . in warm, less soluble in cold ammonia- 
 i l water. (Croft.) 
 20 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CAJPUTEXE. 
 CM H ie> C1 2 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. The anhy- 
 Ca Cl, & + 6 Aq drous salt is very soluble in water, 
 with evolution of heat. The an- 
 hydrous salt is soluble in 1.459 pts. of water at 
 15. (Gerlach's determination, see his table of 
 sp. grs., below.) 
 
 The anhydrous salt 
 
 is soluble in 1.58 pts. of water at 10.2 
 
 " 1.35 " " " 20 
 " " 0.83 " " " 40 
 " " 0.72 " " " 60 
 A very strongly supersaturated solution of this salt 
 occurred on one occasion when a solution satu- 
 rated at the ordinary temperature was left in melt- 
 ing ice during three hours, crystals having been 
 frequently thrown in meanwhile. (Kremers, Pogg. 
 Ann., 103. 65.) Soluble in 1.5 pts. of cold, and 
 in 0.8 pt. of boiling water. (Fourcroy.) The 
 aqueous solution saturated in the cold contains 
 40.7% of it (Fourcroy) ; at 12.5, 53.8% of it. (Has- 
 senfratz, Ann. ck Chim., 28. 291.) The crystal- 
 lized salt (Ca Cl + 6 Aq) is also very deliques- 
 cent ; and is soluble in water with reduction of 
 temperature. It is soluble in 0.5 pt. of water at 
 0, in 0.25 pt. at 16, and in every proportion of 
 hot water. (Gmelin's Hand-Book.) The hydrated 
 salt is also readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 0.5 pt. of water at 0, in 0.25 pt. at 
 1 5.5, and extremely soluble in boiling water. The 
 solution saturated at contains 66.66% of it, 
 and that saturated at 15.5, 80%. (M. R. & P.) The 
 crystallized salt is soluble in 0.25 pt. of water at 
 18.75. (Abl, from Oesterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 
 8. 201, in CanstatCs Jahresbericlit,ftir 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains pts. of the an- 
 
 lution of sp. gr. hydrous salt dissolved 
 
 (at 19.5) in 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.0545 , . 6.97 
 
 1.0954 
 1 1681 
 1.2469 
 1 3234 
 
 12.58 
 23.33 
 36.33 
 50.67 
 
 1.3806 62.90 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 444.) 
 
 s^rT Contains ^TS Contains 
 P'^W oTcaTl* <*-Y 5 of K% 
 
 1.00852 . . 
 
 1 1.20279 . . 
 
 22 
 
 1.01704 
 
 2 1.21308 
 
 23 
 
 1.02555 
 
 3 1.22336 
 
 24 
 
 1 .03407 
 
 4 1.23365 
 
 25 
 
 1.04259 
 
 5 1.24450 
 
 26 
 
 1.05146 
 
 6 1.25535 
 
 27 
 
 1.06033 
 
 7 1.26619 
 
 28 
 
 1.06921 
 
 8 1.27704 
 
 29 
 
 1.07808 
 
 9 1.28789 
 
 30 
 
 1.08695 
 
 10 1.29917 
 
 31 
 
 1.09628 
 
 11 1.31045 
 
 32 
 
 1.10561 
 
 12 1.32174 
 
 33 
 
 1.11494 
 
 13 1.33302 
 
 34 
 
 1.12427 
 
 14 1.34430 
 
 35 
 
 1.13360 
 
 15 1.35610 
 
 36 
 
 1.14332 
 
 16 1.36790 
 
 37 
 
 1.15305 
 
 17 1.37970 
 
 38 
 
 1.16277 
 
 18 1.39150 
 
 39 
 
 1.17250 
 
 19 1.40330 
 
 40 
 
 1.18222 
 
 20 1.41104 . . 
 
 40.66 * 
 
 1.19251 . . 
 
 21 
 
 
 (Th. Gerlach 
 p. 13.) 
 
 , Sp. Gew. dcr Salzlvesungen , 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 1859, 
 
154 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experi- 
 
 Sp. gr. Per cent of 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 18.8) ment) per cent of 
 
 (at 18 3) Ca Cl + 6 Aq Ca Cl 
 
 Ca Cl -j- 6 Aq. 
 
 1.2618 ... 57 ... 28.888 
 
 1.3950 80 70 
 
 1.2669 58 29.395 
 
 1.2455 53.80 
 
 1.2721 59 29.902 
 
 1.1569 35.88 
 
 1.2773 60 30.408 
 
 1.1155 26.90 
 
 1.2825 61 30.915 
 
 1.0738 17.94 
 
 1.2877 62 31.422 
 
 1.0368 897 
 
 1.2929 63 31.929 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 
 
 1.2981 64 32.436 
 
 332.) 
 
 1.3034 65 32.942 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 
 1.3087 66 33.449 
 
 ing table, by means of the formula, D = 1 + 
 
 1.3140 67 33.956 
 
 0.003935 p + 0.00001346 p 2 0.0000000335 p 3 , 
 
 1.3193 68 34.463 
 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 
 1.3246 69 34.970 
 
 the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 1.3300 ... 70 ... 35.476 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 71 
 
 Sp. gr. Per cent of 
 (at 18.3) Ca Cl + 6 Aq Ca Cl 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 solution per cent solution per cent 
 
 1.0039 .... 1 .... 0.507 
 
 ofsp.gr. of Ca Cl. ofsp.gr. ofCaCl. 
 
 1.0079 2 1.014 
 
 (at 12.5) (at 12.5) 
 
 1.0119 3 1.521 
 
 10125 . . 2 1.1547 ... 28 
 
 1.0159 4 2.028 
 
 1.0212 4 1.1670 30 
 
 1.0200 5 2.534 
 
 .0319 6 1.1803 32 
 
 1.0241 6 3.041 
 
 .0429 8 1.1935 34 
 
 1.0282 7 3.548 
 
 .0540 10 1.2067 36 
 
 1.0323 8 . 4.055 
 
 .0650 12 1.2198 38 
 
 1.0365 9 4.562 
 
 .0759 14 1.2330 40 
 
 1.0407 10 5.068 
 
 1.0870 16 1.2478 42 
 
 1.0449 11 5.575 
 
 1.0979 18 12528 44 
 
 1.0491 12 6.082 
 
 1.1000 20 1.2789 46 
 
 1.0534 13 6.587 
 
 1.1212 22 1.2949 48 
 
 1.0577 14 7.096 
 
 1.1323 24 1.3120 50 
 
 1.0619 15 7.601 
 
 1.1445 . . 26 1.3310 ... 52 
 
 1.0663 16 8.107 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 299.) 
 
 1.0706 17 8.611 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 
 1.0750 18 9.121 
 1.0794 19 9.625 
 
 solution of per cent solution of per cent 
 sp. gr. ofCaCl. sp. gr. ofCaCl. 
 
 1.0838 20 10.136 
 
 .45 . . 41.91 1.21 . . 23.93 
 
 1.0882 21 10.643 
 
 .42 40.43 1.18 20.85 
 
 1.0927 22 11.150 
 
 .39 38.31 1.15 17.60 
 
 1.0972 23 11.657 
 
 .36 36.49 1.12 14.42 
 
 1.1017 24 12.164 
 
 .33 34.57 1.09 11.23 
 
 1.1062 25 12.670 
 
 1.30 32.35 1.06 7.66 
 
 1.1107 26 13.177 
 
 1.27 29.67 1.03 . . 3.95 
 
 1.1153 27 13.684 
 1.1199 28 14.191 
 .1246 29 14.698 
 
 1.24 . . 26.86 
 (Richter, Stochiom., 3. 171 ; and Gmelin's 
 Handbook, 3. 208.) 
 
 .1292 30 15.204 
 .1339 31 15.711 
 
 In a solution con- 
 taining for 100 The boiling- 
 pts. of water, pts. point is Difference. 
 
 .1386 32 16.218 
 
 of anhydrous elevated. 
 
 .1433 33 16.725 
 
 Ca Cl 
 
 .1480 34 17.232 
 
 0.0 .... 
 
 .1527 35 17.738 
 
 10.0 r . . . 10.0 
 
 .1575 36 18.245 
 
 16.5 2 6.5 
 
 .1622 37 18.752 
 
 21.6 3 5.1 
 
 .1671 38 19.259 
 
 25.8 4 4.2 
 
 .1719 39 19.766 
 
 29.4 5 3.6 
 
 .1768 40 20.272 
 
 326 6 3.2 
 
 .1816 41 20.779 
 
 35.6 7 3.0 
 
 .1865 42 21.286 
 
 38.5 8 2.9 
 
 .1914 43 21.793 
 
 41.3 9 2.8 
 
 1.1963 44 22.300 
 
 44.0 10 2.7 
 
 1.2012 45 22.806 
 
 46.8 11 2.8 
 
 1.2062 46 23.313 
 
 49.7 12 2.9 
 
 1.2112 47 23.820 
 
 52.6 13 2.9 
 
 1.2162 48 24.327 
 
 55.6 14 3.0 
 
 1.2212 49 24.834 
 
 58.6 15 3.0 
 
 1.2262 50 25.340 
 
 61.6 16 3.0 
 
 1.2312 51 25.847 
 
 64.6 17 3.0 
 
 1.2363 52 26.354 
 
 N 67.6 18 3.0 
 
 1.2414 53 26.861 
 
 70.6 19 3.0 
 
 1.2465 54 27.368 
 
 736 20 3.0 
 
 1.2516 55 27.874 
 
 76.7 21 3.1 
 
 1.2567 . . ' . 56 ... 28.381 
 
 79.8 .... 22 ... 3.1 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 155 
 
 In a solution con- 
 
 
 taining for 100 
 pts. of water, pts. 
 of anhydrous 
 CaCl 
 
 The boiling- 
 point IB 
 elevated. 
 
 82.9 . . . 
 
 . 23 . 
 
 86.0 
 
 24 
 
 89.1 
 
 25. 
 
 92.2 
 
 26 
 
 98.4 
 
 28 
 
 104.6 
 
 30 
 
 110.9 
 
 32 
 
 117.2 
 
 34 
 
 123.5 
 
 36 
 
 129.9 
 
 38 
 
 136.3 
 
 40 
 
 142.8 
 
 42 
 
 149.4 
 
 44 
 
 156.2 
 
 46 
 
 163.2 
 
 43 
 
 1 70.5 
 
 50 
 
 178.1 
 
 52 
 
 186.0 
 
 54 
 
 194.3 
 
 56 
 
 203.0 
 
 58 
 
 212.1 
 
 60 
 
 221.6 
 
 62 
 
 231.5 
 
 64 
 
 241.9 
 
 66 
 
 252.8 
 
 68 
 
 264.2 
 
 70 
 
 276.1 
 
 72 
 
 288.5 
 
 74 
 
 301.4 
 
 76 
 
 314.8 
 
 78 
 
 Difference. 
 
 3.1 
 3.1 
 3.1 
 3.1 
 6.2 
 6.2 
 6.3 
 63 
 6.3 
 6.4 
 6.4 
 65 
 6.6 
 6.8 
 7.0 
 7.3 
 7.6 
 7.9 
 8.3 
 8.7 
 9.1 
 9.5 
 9.9 
 10.4 
 10.9 
 11.4 
 11.9 
 12.4 
 12.9 
 13.4 
 
 325.0 (Saturated.) 79.5 . . . 10.2 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed in 
 a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, hav- 
 ing been 100.1. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 437.) The saturated aqueous sol- 
 ution boils at 180 (Legrand), with partial decom- 
 position. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43.) An 
 aqueous solution containing 10% of Ca Cl boils at 
 101.4 ; one of 20% boils at 104.2 ; one of 30% at 
 109.7; and one of 40% at 118. (Gerlach's Sp. 
 Gew. der Salzfasungen, p. 101.) Soluble in 1 pt. 
 of strong boiling alcohol. (Wenzel, in his Ver- 
 wandtschajl, p. 300 [T.].) Dry chloride of cal- 
 cium is soluble in 8 pts. of alcohol at 15 (Berg- 
 man, Essays, 1. 144), and in 1 pt. of boiling spirits 
 of wine. (Ibid., p. 182.) Very easily soluble in 
 absolute alcohol, with evolution of heat. 
 
 Soluble in 0.7 pt. of boiling absolute alcohol. 
 (Ot. Gr.) 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 
 1.43 pts. of absolute alcohol at 78.3. (Graham.) 
 Soluble in wood-spirit. 
 
 Soluble in all proportions in lignone. (Liebig.) 
 Insoluble in lignone. (L. Gmelin.) Insoluble in 
 acetone. 
 
 Soluble in butylic alcohol (hydrate of butyl), 
 with combination. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 42. 137.) Soluble to a certain extent in pro- 
 pylic alcohol (hydrate of propyl). (Berthelot, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 399.) Soluble in 
 caprylic alcohol (hydrate of capryl), with combi- 
 nation, v. inf. (Bouis.) Ether precipitates it 
 from the alcoholic solution. (Doabereiner.) It is 
 soluble in many of the compound ethers (Streck- 
 er, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 357) ; as, in acetate 
 of ethyl, with combination (Liebig), and in lactate 
 of ethyl, very readily, with combination. (Streck- 
 er.) Soluble in considerable quantity in anhy- 
 drous sulphocyanide of amyl. (Medlock, J. Ch. 
 Soc, 1.374.) Soluble in valyl. (Kolbe, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 2. 161.) Very readily soluble in concen- 
 trated acetic acid. (Liebig.) Soluble in a satu- 
 
 rated aqueous solution of nitrate of potash, with 
 elevation of temperature. (Fourcroy & Vauque- 
 lin, Ann. de Chim., 11. 137.) Insoluble in oil of 
 caraway. 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. Oxychloride of Calcium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM & OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Ca Cl; 2 Hg Cl + 6Aq Exceedingly deliques- 
 cent. Very easily sol- 
 uble in water, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann.. 1829, 
 17. 133.) 
 
 II.) CaCl; 6HgCl + 8Aq Tolerably permanent. 
 When treated with 
 
 cold water it is decomposed, chloride of calcium 
 being dissolved, while protochloride of mercury 
 (HgCl) remains, but on warming the mixture 
 complete solution ensues, (v. Bousdorff, Poyg. 
 Ann., 1829, 17. 132.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM & OF TIN. 
 Ca Cl ; Sn Cl, + 5 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 MERCURY. 
 
 I.) CaCl; 2HgCy Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Brett.) 
 
 II.) ditto + 6 Aq Efflorescent. Very soluble 
 in water. (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with HYDRATE OF 
 CAPRYL( Caprylic Alcohol). Very deliquescent. 
 More soluble in cold than in hot caprylic alcohol. 
 It is decomposed by water. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 104.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with HYDRATE OF 
 2 C, H 4 2 ; Ca Cl METHYL( Wood-spirit). Very 
 deliquescent. Decomposed by 
 boiling water. Soluble in wood-spirit. (Kane.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with LACTATE OF 
 
 Ca Cl ; C, HJO 12 ETHYL. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with LACTATE OF 
 
 2 Ca Cl ; C lt H 10 Ca, O u + 12 Aq LIME. Permanent. 
 
 Very easily soluble 
 
 in water and in boiling ordinary alcohol ; rather 
 difficultly soluble in cold alcohol. Only slightly 
 soluble in cold, but rather abundantly soluble in 
 boiling absolute alcohol. Insoluble in ether. On 
 recrystallizing it from the aqueous solution a salt 
 containing less Ca Cl is obtained, and it would 
 even appear that all of the latter might be elim- 
 inated by repeated recrystallization. (Engelhardt 
 & Maddrell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 63. 113.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with OXALATB OF 
 LIME. 
 
 I.) 2 Ca Cl ; C 4 Ca, 8 + 14 Aq Permanent De- 
 composed by wa- 
 ter. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 II.) Ca Cl ; 2 (C 4 Ca, 8 ) +24 Aq Decomposed by 
 water. ( Sou- 
 
 chay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 317.) 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with PLATINATE OF 
 
 Herschers precipitate.) LlME. Readily SOln- 
 
 ;a Cl ; Ca 0, 2 Pt O, + 7 Aq ble in chlorhydric acid, 
 also, before drying, in 
 nitric acid. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with PLATINOCYA- 
 NIDE OF CALCIUM. Soluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of chloride of calcium. (Quadrat.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with PLATINOPLA- 
 TiNiCYANiDE OF CALCIUM. Deliquescent. Very 
 soluble in water. (Quadrat.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM with SULPHIDE OF 
 CALCIUM. Deliquescent. (Berthier.) 
 
 " CHLORIDE OF CAPRYL." Vid. Chloride of 
 Octyl. 
 
CHLORIDES 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CAFRTL. 
 (B:^Je af CUtnOtprylau.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CAI-RYLEXE. 
 ,<\ 
 
 PfXrfoCHLORlDE OF CARBOX. Vid. 
 
 Ethylene. 
 
 ^/CHLORIDE OF CARBOX. Vid. Chloride of 
 pwChloroMethyl. 
 
 Per(or sesyw'JCiiLORiDE OF CARBON. Vid. 
 C 4 Cl, Chloride of jvrChiorEthylene. 
 
 A'CHLORIDE OF CARBOx(Jnlin's). Insoluble 
 0,0, either in hot or in cold water. Readily 
 soluble in boiling alcohol of 1.816 sp. gr.. 
 from which solution it separates for the most part 
 on cooling. (Phillips & Faraday.) Soluble in 
 ether. Soluble in hot oil of turpentine, from which 
 it separates on cooling. (Juliu.) Insoluble in 
 water. Easilv soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Reirnault.) Unacted on by boiling nitric, chlor- 
 hydric, or snlphuric acids", or by a solution of C 4 H,Ol, 
 potash. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF 
 C.B.O.. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF 
 C U. 01 4 = C, H, 01,, Cl 
 
 CHLORIPE OF 
 (^ H i -., = c e HCi 4 .~ci 
 
 CHLORIDE OF 
 
 C|-l | . g- 1 ! t^\ 
 ,'-V == *-*-^J*'l 
 
 CHLORIDE OF 
 
 C ; .11, l% = C w H, 01,. Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHI.ORETHOSE. 
 of /vrChlorEthylene, 
 
 CHLORIDE or CHLORETHTL. 
 (Ckloruit if AUtky4t. Momo- water. 
 
 Vid. Chloride 
 
 : I !.-: 
 
 C 4 1L, 01, 01 
 
 .] 
 
 CHLORIDE OF WCHLORETHTL. 
 (Ckiendt / AtttyHAtt 
 \citk CUondt i./CUar 
 
 Insoluble in 
 Miseible in 
 all proportions with 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 iKolbe's Lekrb., 1. 
 1S6.) 
 
 Insoluble in 
 water. Miscible 
 with alcohol. 
 
 Unacted upon 
 
 by an aqueous solution of caustic potash, and is 
 CHLORIDE OF CARBONIC OXIDE(OT OF CAR- decomposed by alcoholic potash only after long- 
 BOXYL). )7tf. ChloroCarbonic Acid- continued boiling. (Ibid., p. 669.) 
 
 CHLORIDE or C.VRBOXYI. \ OF COFFER. De- CHLORIDE OF fcrCHLORETHYi- Insoluble in 
 
 composes (CU ^^ t ,/ ckl^ Aeet^l (Attuyl).) water. Miscible 
 
 C, H, CB. CI, 0. 
 
 { + 4 A, 
 
 in the air. 
 Insoluble 
 (Benhelot, 
 
 in water, by which it is decomposed. 
 'Am. CJt. et Pkys., (3.) 46. -;-- 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CARBOX YL with CTAXIDB OF 
 C, HjX.CjO, Cl, ETHYL. Instantly decomposed 
 by water, and alcohol. It cannot 
 be recrrstallixed from ether. (Henkel.) 
 
 4 H, 01 4 = 4 H, 
 
 with alcohol. Un- 
 acted upon by an 
 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash, but is decom- 
 posed when boiled with alcoholic potash. (Ibid., 
 p. 670.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TuodriCHLORF.THYL, Not mis- 
 
 CUorMt *f KCUorJcttyl (ActUyl).) 
 0, H OI 4 . 01 
 
 ( C 
 
 4 
 
 CHLORIDV OF CHLORETHTLKKE. Insoluble in 
 trObn* fAerti. water. Soluble in alco- 
 
 LeArb., L362.) 
 
 cible with water. 
 Soluble in al- 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CERIUM. coho1 - 
 
 I.) nreto. CHLORIDE OF ;*TCHLORETHYL. Identical 
 
 a = aitkydnMts. Deliquescent Easily soluble in with Chloride of jwrChlorEthylener Sesquichlo- 
 o*Ci water, and alcohol. (Mosander.) ride of Carbon"). 
 
 b = kydrnted. Deliques.vnt. Soluble in 1 pt. of 
 Ce Cl - Aq water at ordinary temperatures ; and 
 in 3 t? 4 pts. of alcohol. (Dnma- 
 
 II.) ifffHi. Known only in solution, and this 
 C*, Ol, is partially decomposed when gently heat- 
 ed, or completely by long- continued boil- 
 in g. 
 
 III.) basic. Compounds containing 3. and fcss 
 than 3. equivalents of base to one of acid may be 
 obtained soluble in water, but those more basic 
 than this are insoluble. (Ordway, Am. J. Sd^ 
 (2.) 26. 205.) 
 
 ORIDE OF CERIUM & OF MERC; 
 
 -. -. rwt ;v -. aw 
 
 C 4 H, 01, = C 4 H, Cl, C4, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF &"CHLORETHTLEXE. Insoluble 
 ( PrrCUoriJt if FtrmyL m water. Soluble in al- 
 aSl^ *!*&%'*' Pon^.^d""* 11 - iKolbe's 
 C 4 H. Ci 4 = O 4 H* ^-.-':' '" "' 
 
 CHLORIPE OF terCHLORErHYLKNE. Insoluble 
 
 Ck!*rm fEtkyUme trieUtH. in water. 
 
 Verr 
 
 (y. Bonsdorff, Pogg.A**., 1849, 17. 
 
 Permanent, 
 247.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CETTL. Insoluble in water. 
 (CkbrkyJrvtt f Citnu.) Easily miscible with alco- 
 hol, and ether. Unacted 
 
 C 4 H ci, = c, H cy 1 . t 
 
 CHLORIDE OF WTCHLORETHYLEXE. 
 ^CkvW, 
 
 H a ci 
 
 sparingly soluble in 
 water, and as diffi- 
 cultly soluble in aque- 
 ous solution of the 
 caustic alkalies. Ea- 
 
 upon by boiling potash-lye 51 'j soluble in alcohol, but much more readily in 
 
 or by dilute acids. Scarcely at all attacked by j hot than in cold. Water precipitates it from" the 
 stronV nitric acid. I alcoholic eolation. More soluble in ether ; also 
 
 2 --... , causnc or sulphuretted alkalies. Soluble in bofl- 
 
 ^q -. v ' j ing nitric acid, from which it separates on the 
 
 j addition of water, and partly on cooling. ( Fara- 
 
 CHLORIDE OF terCm-ORAcETYL. Soluble in day-X Soluble in acetate of ethyl-perchlon 
 ^fe*y**f>"M^*- water, with decomposition, chloracetate of Perchlorethyl) and in_ether. (F. 
 
 o.o.ir^Uo.ci gjgjjs; 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLORALLYL. 
 
 by alcohol. Leblanc, ^li. Ck. P%s., (3.) 1O. pp 201, 
 - . -2O3.) Soluble in alcohol and in ether, from 
 which it is precipitated by water. (Bouis, Jiw. 
 Ck. et Pkys^ (3.) 20. 4 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 157 
 
 CHLORIDE OFperCiiLORETiiYLENE with CHI.O- 
 
 I.) t'u N 4 Cl, 4 = C 8 N 4 CI 8 : C 4 C1 8 RI DE OF CY- 
 
 ANOGEN. In- 
 
 soluble in water, but is soon decomposed thereby. 
 Soluble in alcohol, from which it is precipitated by 
 water. Soluble in ether. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 20. 448.) 
 
 II.) C 20 N 4 CI 2 , = C 8 N 4 C1 4 ; 3C 4 C1 Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol ; more soluble in ether. (Bouis, loc. cit. t 
 p. 452.) 
 
 In -) C 12 N 4 C1 14 4 = c N * ^ \ ; C 4 C1 6 Insoluble 
 4 * in water. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Bouis, loc. cit., 
 p. 454.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROBENZOYL. Decomposed 
 (Chloride of Benzoyl Mori. by boiling water after 
 Oxide ofblCMoro Benzyleiie.) t ; mp npoomnospd 
 C u H 4 Cl, O. = C 14 H 4 Cl <X, Cl a 
 
 at once by concentra- 
 
 ted ammonia-water; more slowly by dilute ammo- 
 nia and by solutions of the fixed alkalies. (Lim- 
 pricht & v. Uslar.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROBUTYLENE. 
 C 8 H 7 01, Cl, 
 
 7erClILORIDE OF 6/ClILOROClNNAMENE. 
 
 C 10 H 6 C1 2 '',3C1, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROMETHYL. 
 
 (Bichloride of Methylene. 
 ( "lilururr r/e. Mtthyl-Mort.) 
 C, Hj C1 2 = C, H, Cl, Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF /Ji'CiiLORoMETHYL. Insoluble 
 (Chloroform. CMore- j n water. Very soluble in 
 thtrid. Perchloride of alcoho l and ether . g par . 
 Formijl.) . , , , 
 
 C 2 H Cl s = C 2 H C1 2 . Cl m f, rl J soluble in water. ( bou- 
 beiran.) Mixes in all pro- 
 
 portions with alcohol (Soubeiran), from which it 
 may be partially precipitated by water. (Liebig.) 
 Readily soluble in common ether. (Liebig.) 
 Miscible with oil of turpentine. (Huraut & La- 
 rocque, C. R., 26. 103 [Gm.].) Insoluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 (Chloroform dissolves fats, resins, and, in gene- 
 ral, organic matters rich in carbon. It is the best 
 solvent known for caoutchouc. 
 
 As a general rule it readily dissolves the aka- 
 loids and neutral crystalline vegetable principles. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 318.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF perCnLORoMETHYL. Insoluble 
 (Chloride of Metfiyle per- i n water. Easily soluble 
 chlori. Bichloride of Car- ; n nip,,},.^! nnr i pthor 
 ton. PerMonde of Car- 1Q alconol > and et er. 
 ban.) 
 C, C1 4 = C 2 C1 3 , Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYLSELENIOUS ACID. 
 C, H 4 Cl Se 2 5 = Se 2 (C 2 H 8 ) 4 , Cl + Aq Permanent. 
 
 Very easily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF &/CHLOROMETHYLSULPHDROUS 
 (Sulphite of (Mo- ACID. Soluble in water, and 
 
 rule of Carbon.) O i_i, I 
 
 alcoho1 - 
 
 CHLORIDE OF 
 c, ri 4 s 2 4 ous ACID. Insoluble in water and in 
 acids. Partially decomposed when 
 heated in water. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 bisulphide of carbon. The alcoholic solution is 
 precipitated by water. Also soluble in the fixed 
 and volatile oils, and in ammonia-water. (Ber- 
 zelius & Marcet, Kolbe.) 
 
 ^/CHLORIDE OF CHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 C M H 7 C1, 2C1 2 
 
 a = Solid modification. Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. Tolerably soluble in 
 ether, being more readily soluble than bichloride 
 of naphthalin. 
 
 /? = Liquid modification. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF &I'CHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 
 c 20 n 6 cy, ci 2 
 
 fil'ClILORIDE OF WCHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 
 C 20 H C1 2 , 2 C1 2 There are three isomeric modifi- 
 cations : 
 
 a = Liquid modification. 
 
 ft = Liquid modification " (X)." Sttlnble in ether. 
 Y = Crystalline modification " ( (7)(!ffl^^paringly 
 soluble in ether, and'still less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF &/CHLORONITROMETHYL. Very 
 ( ?w ( TnT < T'; C ^ r '?x sparingly soluble in 
 
 of NttroMethylperchlort.) h f, ., ... 
 
 C 2 C1 3 N 4 = C 2 (N 4 ) C1 2 , Cl wate , r " Ef 1 ^ soluble 
 m alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Unacted on by boiling sulphuric, chlorhydric, or 
 nitric acids, or by aqueous alkaline solutions. 
 (Stenhouse.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CIILORO&J'NITROMETHYL. Wa- 
 
 ( Volatile liquor ofMarignai :) ter dissolves traces 
 
 C 2 ci, N 2 8 = C 2 (N 4 ) 2 Cl, Cl ofu Very soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. Very sparingly soluble in 
 chlorhydric and in nitric acids. Insoluble in 
 aqueous, but readily soluble in alcoholic solutions 
 of potash. (Marignac.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROPHENYL. Vid. Hydride 
 of to-ChloroPhenyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 
 C 6 H B Cl", CI 2 
 
 CHLORIDE OF &CHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 
 C 6 H 4 Cl,", Cl, 
 
 CHLORIDE 
 
 C 8 H 3 CI 3 ", Cl, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF gnacfo'CHLORoP 
 
 C 6 H 2 CI 4 , Cl, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF 
 C 6 H Cl s , Cl, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF per CHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 
 C 6 CI 9 ", Cl, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROS_TILBENE. Somewhat 
 C M H n ci, CI 2 less soluble in ether than chloro- 
 stilbene. Soluble in a mixture of 
 alcohol and ether. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROSALYL. 
 TerCiiLORiDE OF CHLOROSALYL. Insoluble 
 C 14 H 4 CI 4 in boiling water or in hot potash-lye. 
 (Kolbe & Lautemann.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROTOLUENE. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of ChloroToluene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CHLOROXETHOSE. Vid. Oxide 
 of perghlorEthyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OFCHLOROXYNAPHTHYL. Insoluble 
 (OiyChloroNaphtalose. in water. Soluble, without 
 OriCUoroxtnaplao,,.) decomposition, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. Very 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF perCHLOROxYNAPHTHYL. In- 
 (Oxide ofCMor- soluble in water or alcohol. Spar- 
 
 c tee cL 7 o totoe ' ) in &y solu . ble in boilin & e ! h . er ' 
 more readily soluble in boiling 
 
 naphtha. (Laurent.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 CrCl 
 
 I.) Ordinary, colorless. Soluble in water, with 
 evolution of heat. The solution soon decomposes 
 when exposed to the air. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 530.) 
 
 II.) Peach-blossom colored. Insoluble in water. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 459.) 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water, soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid. ( Moberg. ) 
 
158 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 Cr 2 Cl 3 
 
 a = common or soluble modification. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. (H. Rose.) Deliquescent. 
 Readily soluble in water. (T. Thomson, Phil. 
 Trans , 1827, Part I. p. 204.) Deliquescent. Very 
 soluble in water. Decomposed by hot water. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 459.) Solu- 
 ble in a concentrated aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. (Glaus, Beitrdge, p. 8.) Soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 There are two definite hydrates, Cr 2 C1 3 + 6 Aq, 
 soluble in water with evolution of heat, and 
 Cr 2 CI 3 + 12 Aq, very soluble in water, also sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 12. 537.) 
 
 b = basic. Basic chlorides of chromium which 
 contain 5 or 6, and less, equivalents of base to 
 one of acid may he obtained soluble in water ; 
 compounds containing more base than this are in- 
 soluble. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 203.) 
 Sesquibasic chloride of chromium is soluble in 
 water. (Moberg.) For the compounds Cr 2 O 3 , 
 2 Cr 2 C1 3 -f 8 Aq, of Moberg, and Cr 2 O 3) - 2 H Cl 
 of Loewel, see, pro tern., Chlorhydrate of Oxy- 
 chloride of Chromium. 
 
 c Insoluble, or violet modification. " Insoluble in 
 Cr 2 C1 3 water. It is true that some authors * at- 
 tribute to it a greater or less degree of 
 solubility ; but these statements are erroneous. It 
 is certain that sublimed sesquichloride of chro- 
 mium is entirely insoluble in water, either cold or boil- 
 ing. It is no more soluble in water charged with 
 any of the acids. Nor is it attacked by concen- 
 trated boiling sulphuric acid or by aqua-regia. It 
 dissolves, however, with marvellous facility, with 
 development of heat, in water which contains pro- 
 tochloride of chromium in solution, the presence 
 even of T6 ^ 00 part of Cr Cl in the water being 
 sufficient to produce this solution." " I have not 
 sought to go further ; doubtless, however, a 
 smaller quantity of the protochloride would suf- 
 fice." (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 533.) 
 Again, Pe'ligot asserts that sesquichloride of chro- 
 mium is insoluble either in hot or in cold water. 
 It is, however, soluble in all proportions in water 
 which contains a small quantity of protochloride 
 of chromium ; ^TiP or even less, of the last- 
 named substance being sufficient to bring about 
 the solvent action. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 14. 240.) A suspicion was thrown upon the 
 above statement of Peligot by Pelouze (Ibid., (3.) 
 14. 249), who asserted that violet sesquichloride 
 of chromium is slowly soluble in boiling Vater. 
 It is slowly decomposed by boiling concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. An addition of very small quan- 
 tities of protochloride of tin renders the sesqui- 
 chloride of chromium soluble both in cold and in 
 hot water. Other bodies, having more or less 
 affinity for chlorine, also cause the solution of ses- 
 quichloride of chromium ; for example, protochlo- 
 ride of iron, protochloride of copper, or hyposul- 
 phite of soda; but none of these are so effica- 
 cious as protochloride of tin, nor is the latter so 
 powerful as protochloride of chromium. Ordinary 
 chlorides i. e. those having no special affinity for 
 chlorine, such as the alkaline chlorides, chloride of 
 ammonium or bichloride of tin exert no solvent 
 action upon sesquichloride of chromium. (Pe- 
 louze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 251.) The 
 
 * Thus, Jacquelin had stated that the " insoluble modifica- 
 tion " of Cr 2 C1 3 is soluble in 2000 pts. of water at 90, in 
 1000 pts. at 100, and in 68 pts. at 136 (under pressure). 
 
 presence also of a small quantity of sesquichloride 
 of titanium will enable water to dissolve a large 
 quantity of the violet chloride of chromium. ( Ebel- 
 men, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20.390.) In reply 
 to Pelouze's strictures, Pe'ligot has shown that the 
 experiments of this chemist were probably made 
 upon an impure article ; and has reiterated his 
 previous assertion, thus : Violet sesquichloride 
 of chromium is insoluble in pure water. By con- 
 tinued boiling with water traces of it are dis- 
 solved, with decomposition. If, however, a trace 
 of protochloride of chromium is present, the sesqui- 
 chloride dissolves very readily in water. (Pe'ligot, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 298.) The insoluble 
 modification of sesquichloride of chromium is not 
 acted upon by chlorhydric, sulphuric, or nitric 
 acids, nor by boiling aqua-regia. ( H. Rose ; Fellen- 
 berg.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTAS- 
 SIUM. Deliquescent. Very soluble in water, 
 with subsequent decomposition. (Fremy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 460.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CiNNAMENE(or OF STYROL). 
 (ChloroStyrol.) Insoluble in water. Miscible in all 
 C w H s> C1 2 proportions with alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CINNAMYL. Decomposed by 
 C ]8 H 7 2 , Cl water, and alcohol. (Cahours.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CITRACONYL. 
 
 (Chloride of Pyrocitryl. Cldorure Pyrocitrique.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF COBALT. 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Absorbs water from the air and 
 Co Cl combines with it. Slowly, but abundantly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in absolute alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. ( Dcebereiner ; Gehlen.) 
 b = Co Cl + X Aq Permanent. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. When 
 heated, it melts in its water of crystallization. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) sesqui. Is obtained in solution when hy- 
 
 Co 2 C1 3 d rated sesquioxide of cobalt is dissolved 
 
 in cold chlorhydric acid, but the solution 
 
 soon undergoes decomposition, especially if it be 
 
 heated. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF COBALT & OF MERCURY. Quick- 
 Co Cl ; Hg Cl ly deliquescent, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. 
 
 Ann., 1829, 17. 249.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF COBALT with CYANIDE OF 
 Co Cl ; 2 Kg Cy + 7 Aq MERCURY. Soluble in wa- 
 
 ter. (Poggiale.) 
 CHLORIDE OF COBALT&AMIN. Partially sol- 
 
 . uble in water. (H. 
 N 2 j H 8 . Co, Cl = 2 N H s . Co Cl ^^ pog ^ ^ 
 
 20. 157 [Gm.].) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF COBALT^CTAMIN. Soluble, with- 
 (Ammonio Chloride of Cobalt.) out de- 
 
 N 3 1 H 9 . Co, Cl -f Aq = 3 N H 3 . Co Cl -t- Aq composi- 
 
 tion, in 
 
 ammonia-water, but is immediately decomposed by 
 pure water, with separation of an insoluble basic 
 salt. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 268.) 
 
 ^'CHLORIDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water- 
 (Improperly protoChloride of Copper.") Insoluble in 
 Cu 2 Cl dilute sulphu- 
 
 ric acid, or in 
 
 sulphurous acid. (Pean de St. Gilles.) Solu- 
 ble in strong chlorhydric acid, from which it is 
 precipitated on the addition of water, and in solu- 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 tions of ammonia and of chloride of sodium. 
 Sparingly soluble in ether, from which water pre- 
 cipitates it. (Gehlen.) 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. The aqueous 
 Cu 01, & + Aq solution saturated at 12.5 contains 
 38.9% of it. (Hassenfratz, Ann. 
 de (Mm., 28. 291.) Very soluble in water. Tol- 
 erably soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Gehlen; 
 Gladstone, J. Ch. Soc., 8. 215.) Soluble in 1 pt. 
 of strong alcohol at 82.5. (Wenzel, in his Ver- 
 wandtschaft, p. 300 [T.].) 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains An aqueous solu- Contains 
 tionofsp.gr. percent tionofsp.gr. percent 
 (at 12.5) of the salt. (at 12.5) of the salt. 
 
 1.0100 . . 2 1.1239 . . 22 
 
 1.0206 4 1.1369 24 
 
 1.0311 6 1.1499 26 
 
 1.0425 8 1.1629 28 
 
 1.0540 10 1.1760 30 
 
 1.0653 12 1.1904 32 
 
 1.0767 14 1.2080 34 
 
 1.0881 16 1.2273 36 
 
 1.0995 18 1.2466 . . 38 
 
 1.1110 . . 20 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 299.) 
 Soluble in picolin, with .combination. (Unverdor- 
 ben.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. (Glaus, Beitriige, p. 8.) Largely 
 soluble in a concentrated aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium. (Boussingault, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (2.) 51. 353.) 
 II.) basic. Vid. OxyChloride of Copper. 
 
 jPrOtoCHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF ExHYLAMIN. 
 /VotoCHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF MERCURY 
 
 (HgCl). Tolerably permanent, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Fogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 249.) 
 
 PrOfoCHLORIDE OF COPPER, OF MERCURY, & 
 
 3 (K Cl, Hg Cl) , Cu Cl + 2 Aq OF POTASSIUM. Per- 
 manent. Soluble in 
 
 boiling water and hydrated alcohol, without decom- 
 position in either case, unless the solution be 
 rapidly cooled. Insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Bonsdorff.) 
 DZ'CHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF PLATIN(OUS)&I- 
 
 Pt' ci AMIX ' Soluble in water > 
 6 .rt,u from which alcohol pre . 
 
 cipitates it. (Buckton, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 5. 219.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF PLATIN(OUS)- 
 
 r , ri - N i H Pt ri WAMIN - Sparingly soluble 
 Cl , N 2 1 H 6 . Pt, Cl in coM water I3 ecom p 0sed 
 
 by boiling water. (Buck- 
 ton, J. Ch. Soc., 5. 218.) 
 
 DI'CHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF POTASSIUM. 
 2KC1 ; Cu 2 Cl Soluble in water. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 K Cl ; Cu Cl + 2 Aq Easily soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 D/CHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF SODIUM. Very 
 Cuj Cl ; NaCl easily soluble in water. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF COPPER & OF SODIUM. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol of 0.837 sp. gr. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 2. 492.) Easily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of sodium. (Boussingault.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF COPPER with HYPOSULPHITE 
 
 Cu Cl ; GU.J 0, 3 S a 2 OF COPPER. Soluble in a 
 
 warm, less soluble in cold, 
 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, (v. 
 
 Hauer.) 
 
 ProtoCnLORiDE OF COPPER with PICOLIN. 
 
 ,, ri- 
 u, u, 
 
 Decomposed by water and by dilute alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in 300 pts. of cold, and in 100 pts. of boiling 
 absolute alcohol. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 ProZoClILORIDE OF COPPER with UREA. Sol- 
 
 Cu Cl ; C 2 H 4 N 2 2 uble in water, with decompo- 
 sition. 
 
 Z)t'CHLORIDE OF COPPER with XANTHOGENA- 
 MID. 
 
 ( 2 V' ~ ^ Almost insoluble in 
 L) Cu 2 Cl;N^C 4 H 6 .0,HO water Qr ; co , d 
 
 alcohol, but tolera- 
 bly easily soluble in 
 
 warm alcohol. On boiling the alcoholic solution 
 it is partially decomposed. Soluble to a consider- 
 able extent in saline solutions, hut is reprecipitated 
 on diluting with water. (Debus.) 
 
 , C s Insoluble in wa- 
 
 ll.) Cu 2 Cl ; 2 N ? C 4 H 6 . 0, HO ter. Easily solu- 
 
 ' H ble in hot alcohol. 
 
 ( C, S " Soluble in cold 
 
 III.) Cu 2 Cl ; 3 N J a H 5 . 0, H alcohol, and 
 
 the alcoholic 
 solution may 
 
 be heated to boiling without undergoing decom- 
 position. 
 
 e c 2 s " Somewhat sol- 
 
 IV.) Cu 2 Cl; 4N)c 4 H 5 .0, H uble in water. 
 ' H Soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, even cold, and much more readily than the 
 preceding compounds. 
 CHLORIDE OF CRESYL. 
 CHLORIDE OF CUMOL (CaoHV). Insoluble 
 
 (ChloroCuminol. ChloroCumol. jn water Easily sol- 
 Hydride^ChloroCumyl.) uMe j n '^^ and 
 
 ether. Unacted upon 
 
 by an aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 23. 346.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CUMYL. Decomposes in moist 
 Cjo H lt 2 , Cl air ; it is also decomposed by water, 
 and alcohol, (C/ahours, Ann. Ch. ct 
 Phys., (3.) 23. 348.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CUPR(/C)&Z'AMIN. Soluble in 
 (Ammonia proto Chloride of Copper.) water, and in hot 
 N 2 \ H 6 . Cu, Cl + Aq ammonia -water. 
 
 (Kane.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CupR(/'c)ferAMiN. Soluble in 
 water - (Faraday; H. Rose.) 
 
 N SH .Cu Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CupR(eows)AMMONiuM. Decom- 
 v S H 3 cl posed by water. Unacted upon by 
 
 t Cu 2 ' alcohol. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in acids. (Ritthausen.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CupR(eous)AMMONiUM & OF 
 N $*?*' Cl; N \^ s Cl CUPR(Z'C)AMMONIUM. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CUPR(ZC)AMMONIU:M. Decom- 
 
 N \ HS Cl posed by water. (Kane.) 
 f Cu.' 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CYANftzAMiN. Permanent. Un- 
 
 (Ammonio Chloride of Cyanogen.) acted upon by wa- 
 C 2 H 6 N s Cl = N 2 j H 6 . C 2 N, Cl ter, even when boil- 
 ing. Not decom- 
 posed by chlorhydric acid. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in concentrated sulphuric acid, and 
 difficultly in nitric acid, also in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. (Berzelius, Lelirb.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CYANAMMONIUM. Permanent. 
 C H N Cl N i IIs Cl Insoluble, as such in 
 ( C 2 N ' water, though decom- 
 
 posed thereby to a 
 trifling extent. Unacted upon by chlorhydric acid. 
 
160 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 Decomposed, with solution, by sulphuric acid. Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in nitric acid, also in an aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 CHLORIDK OF CYANOGEN. 
 Cy Cl = C 2 N Cl 
 a) Gaseous modification. Water absorbs 25 times 
 Cy Cl its own volume at 20 and the ordinary 
 pressure ; alcohol 100 vols. ; and ether 50 
 vols. (Serullas.) The aqueous solution is de- 
 composed on heating. The alcoholic solution de- 
 composes after standing for several days. 
 
 Soluble to almost any extent in caoutchin. 
 (Himly.) 
 
 j?) Liquid modification. Very sparingly soluble in 
 Cy 2 Cl, = C 4 N 2 Cl, water. (A. Wurtz.) Insolu- 
 ble in water, but soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Soluble in anhy- 
 drous ether. (W. Henke.) 
 
 y) Solid modification. Very sparingly soluble in 
 Cy s CI 8 = C 8 N s Cl s cold, more easily soluble, with 
 decomposition, in hot water. 
 (Serullas.) Very soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Liebig.) The solution in absolute alcohol may 
 be kept without alteration, but the solution in 
 spirit soon decomposes. 
 
 (a)CiiLORiDE OF CYANOGEN & pentachloride 
 Cy C! ; Sb C1 5 OF ANTIMONY. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 ()CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN & sesquichloride 
 OF IRON. 
 
 OF CYANOGEN &OF TITANIUM. 
 CyCJ,2TiCl 2 Rapidly soluble in water, with de- 
 composition and great disengage- 
 ment of heat. Soluble in warm bichloride of 
 titanium without alteration. (Wcehler.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN with CYANHYDRIC 
 C 8 N 3 Cl, H = Cy, Clj 5 Cy H ACID. Perceptibly 
 soluble in water. (A. 
 Wurtz.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN with CYANIDE OF 
 Cy Cl ; C 6 H 5 N ETHYL. Instantly decomposed by 
 water, and alcohol. (Henke.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN with OXIDE OF 
 
 2 C 4 H 5 ; Cy Cl ETHYL. Insoluble in water. De- 
 
 composed by boiling with water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Aime.) 
 
 Does not exist. (Bouis.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN with OXIDE OF ME- 
 2C 2 H S 0; CyCl TH YL. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CYMENE. Insoluble in water, 
 CH, H 14 , Cl, and but slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Sieveking.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF DIDYMIUM. 
 
 I.) D1C1 + 4HO Deliquescent. Very soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. Its 
 solutions are partially decomposed by evaporation. 
 (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 160.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. OxyChloride of Didymium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF DIDYMIUM & OF MERCURY. 
 
 Di Cl ; 3 Hg Cl 4- 8 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYL. Soluble in 50 pts. of 
 
 ( CUorhydric Ether. Isnmeric water (Thenard) ; in 
 with Hydride of CUorElhyl.) 6Q ptSi (Pf a ff) ; in 24 
 
 c * H * Ci pts. (?). Soluble inl 
 
 volume of water at 18. (The'nard.) 
 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, and ether. 
 Miscible with cacodyl. 
 
 It may be separated from the alcoholic solution 
 by means of neutral tartrate of potash. ( Funcke. ) 
 
 Chloride of ethyl dissolves fatty oils and also 
 
 several essential oils and resins, as well as sulphur 
 and phosphorus. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYL & OF lKON(Fe Cls). 
 Decomposed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYL & OF TiN(Sn Cl). 
 Decomposed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYL with FERROCYANIDE 
 2C 4 H S CI; 2FeCy, 4C 4 H 5 Cy-r-12Aq OF ETHYL. 
 
 Soluble, with 
 
 decomposition, in a mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 (Buff.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLC^/O?-?. Vid. Chloride of 
 ChlorEthyl. 
 CHLORIDE OF teiraETHYLAMMONiuM. Very 
 
 TM i ,r TI > m deliquescent. Easily soluble in 
 N < c H 5 ) 4> Cl 
 
 C 22 H 20 N Cl = N I < c * H,) s 
 f c io H tl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF^-Z'ETHYLAMYLAMMONIUM. Very 
 deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLBRUCIN. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLENE. Almost en tirelyin- 
 
 (Dutch Liquid. Oil of defiant gas. soluble in water. 
 Oil of the Dutch f'hemists. Chlor- o n i n hi,, : n n ii 
 JElherin. ChlorElayl. Chlorhy- ^ 
 drate of Chloride of Acetyl.) proportions in al- 
 
 C 4 H 4 , Cl, cohol, and ether. 
 
 Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in water, more readily soluble if chlorhy- 
 dric acid be present. Soluble in alcohol. (Morin.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLENEcAfor Vid. Chloride 
 of ChlorEthylene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLIDENE. 
 
 (Isomeric with Chloride of Ethylene .) 
 C 4 H 4 ' , Cl, 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLMETHYLCONIIN. Deli- 
 quescent. Readily soluble in water, (v. Planta 
 & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 139.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. 6.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF iri'ETHYLPHENYLAMMONiuM. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETiiYLinPnENYLAMMONiUM. 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 CHLORIDE OF <ETHYLPHOSPHIN. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF tefr-aETHYLPnospHONiUM. De- 
 liquescent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF C&'ETHYLPIPERYLAMMONIUM. 
 Very deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 38. 98.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLPLATINAMMONIUM & OF 
 ( C 4 H 5 PLATINUM. 
 
 C 4 H 7 NPt 2 Cl 2 = N}pt ,Cl;PtCl Somewhat 
 
 more readily 
 soluble than sulphate of lime in water. More 
 soluble in alcohol than in water. (Zeise.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF diETiiYLPLATiNft/AMMONiuM. 
 Tolerably solu- 
 ble in water ; but 
 scarcely at all 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF <&'ETHYLPLATIN&;'AMMONIUM & 
 C 4 H B ) 2 protochlo- 
 
 ride OF 
 PLATI- 
 NUM. Ppt. 
 
 Cl 
 
 C 8 H 14 N 2 Pt Cl 
 
 
 ,Cl;PtCl 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 161 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLQUININE. Soluble in 
 C 40 H J4 (C 4 H 5 ) N 2 4 , Cl water, much more readily in 
 hot than in cold. ( Strecker, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 168.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Readily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLSULPHUROUS ACID. In- 
 C 4 H 5 S 2 4 Cl soluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in alcohol. (Gerhardt & Chancel.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ETHYLTHIOSINAMIN. ? Solu- 
 ble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 PerCHLORiDE OF FoRMYL. Vid. Chloride of 
 fo'ChloroMethyl. 
 
 " CHLORIDE OF FORMYL." Vid. fo'ChlorEthy- 
 C 4 H 2 C1 2 lene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF FURFURIN & bichloride OF IRID- 
 
 CHLORIDE OF FURFURIN & bichloride OF LEAD. 
 CHLORIDE OF FURFURIN & protochloride OF 
 MERCURY. Ppt. 
 CHLORIDE OF FuscoCouALT. 
 
 ( CMorhy/irate of Fusco Cobattiaque. ) 
 . I.) " 4 N H 3 . Co 2 Clj + 3 Aq " Readily soluble 
 
 in water. De- 
 composed by boiling water. Alcohol precipitates 
 it from the aqueous solution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 35. 291.) 
 
 II.) granular. Soluble in cold water, from 
 "N H 3 . Co 3 Cl 3 + 5 Aq " which it is reprecipitated 
 on the addition of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 35. 293.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF GLUCINUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Deliquescent. Readily soluble 
 Gi, cig in water, with great elevation of tempera- 
 ture. ( Rose ; Wcehler ; Bussy.) Readily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Vauquelin.) 
 b = hydrated. Permanent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 Gl 2 Cl 3 + 12Aq ter, and alcohol. (Awdejew.) 
 
 II.) basic. The compound containing nearly, 
 but not quite, three equivalents of base to one of 
 acid is still soluble in water. But compounds 
 more basic than this are insoluble. (Ordway, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2 ) 26. 207.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF GLUCINUM & protoCHLORiDE OF 
 MERCURY, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17- 
 136.) 
 
 ProtoCnLORiDE OF GOLD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Au Cl Gradually decomposed by cold, quickly 
 
 decomposed by hot water, with formation 
 
 of the terchloride and precipitation of metallic 
 
 gold. 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF GOLD. Deliquescent. Easily 
 (C/Uor Auric Add.) soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 L C1 3 + 6 Aq Soluble in 1 .47 pts. of water at 
 18.75. (Abl, from GEsterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 
 8. 201, in Canstatfs Jahresbericht, far 1854, p. 76.) 
 The aqueous solution, after long standing, depos- 
 its some gold. (Basseyre.) Soluble in alcohol, 
 forming a tolerably stable solution. The alcoholic 
 solution gradually deposits metallic gold. (Gme- 
 lin.) Readily soluble in ether, which abstracts it 
 from its aqueous solution. (Proust.) The ethereal 
 solution is decomposed when exposed to light. 
 (Sage), and by long keeping. Very soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Readily soluble in nitric acid of 1 .43 sp. gr. It 
 is not decomposed by evaporation with an excess of 
 nitric acid. (H. Wurtz,^m. J. Sci., (2.) 25.382.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF GOLD & OF NICKEL. 
 21 
 
 PrOfoCHLORIDE OF GOLD & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 ( ChiorAurite of Decomposed by water and by chlor- 
 Potassium.) hvdric acid 
 
 Au Cl ; K Cl "v ar 
 
 CHLORIDE OF GOLD & OF SODIUM. Soluble 
 Au Cl; Na Cl in water, and alcohol. (Meillet.) 
 ; TerCnLORiDE OF GOLD with CYANIDE OF 
 C 6 H 5 N, Au C1 3 ETHYL. Instantly decomposed by 
 water, and by alcohol. It cannot 
 be recrystallized from ether. (Henke.)^; ' 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF GOLD with CYAN$D,E OF 
 C 4 H 3 N, Au C1 3 METHYL. Instantly decomposed 
 by water and by alcohol. It can- 
 not be recrystallized from ether. (Henke.) 
 
 TerCiiLORiDE OF GOLD with PICOLIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling, nearly insoluble in cold 
 water. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF GROS'S RADICAL. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of Platinamin. 
 
 ProtoCnLORiDE OF IODINE. 
 o) liquid. Deliquescent. Very soluble in water. 
 I Cl (Gay-Lussac.) Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Ether abstracts it from the aqueous 
 solution. (Dumas.) 
 
 p) solid. Decomposed by water. Easily soluble 
 ICl in alcohol, and ether. (Trapp.) 
 
 JerCiiLORiDE OF IODINE. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 I ci s in water, with partial decomposition. Ether 
 does not remove it from the aqueous solution 
 (Dumas), unless protochloride of iodine be present, 
 in which case the terchloride is also taken up. 
 (Se'rullas.) If when dry it be treated with anhy- 
 drous alcohol or ether, these remove chloride of 
 iodine and chlorhydric acid, leaving iodic acid. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) When the somewhat concen- 
 trated aqueous solution is mixed with a certain 
 quantity of sulphuric acid, the terchloride of iodine 
 is precipitated unchanged ; on warming the mix- 
 ture, it redissolves, and again separates on cooling. 
 (Ibid) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF IODINE & OF MAGNESIUM. De- 
 MgCl;lCl 3 -i-5Aq liquescent. (Filhol.) Resem- 
 bles the potassium salt. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF IODINE & OF POTASSIUM. Ef- 
 KCi;ICi s florescent. Very soluble in water, from 
 which it crystallizes as the solution 
 cools. The aqueous solution rapidly decomposes, 
 especially when dilute. Much less soluble than 
 the corresponding ammonium compound. Decom- 
 posed by ether, which removes the terchloride of 
 iodine. (Filhol.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF IRIDAMMONIUM. Insoluble in 
 
 |H 3 CJ water. (Skoblikoff.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF IRIDIUM. 
 IrCl 
 
 a) Insoluble modification. Insoluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in boiling chlorhydric acid. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in boiling aqua-regia. (Ber- 
 zelius.) Unacted upon by sulphide of ammonium ; 
 or by boiling chlorhydric, nitric, or sulphuric acids, 
 aqua-rcgia, or solutions of potash or of carbonate 
 of potash. (Fellenberg.) 
 
 (!) Soluble modification. Completely soluble in a 
 small quantity of boiling water, but a larger quan- 
 tity of water throws down most of the chloride of 
 indium in the insoluble state. This soluble modi- 
 fication. (/?) probably contains some chlorhydric 
 acid in chemical combination. (Berzelius.) Very 
 easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Bi CHLORIDE OF IRIDIUM. Vid. Chlorlridic 
 Acid. 
 
162 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 *S?sgwCHLORiDE OP IRIDIUM. When obtained 
 
 Ir 2 C1 3 by sublimation it is insoluble in water ; 
 
 but when obtained by decomposing the 
 
 nitrate with chlorhydric acid it is soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 esgro'CHLORiDE OF IRIDIUM &OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 3 Pb Cl ; Ir 2 CI 3 ( Glaus, Beitrage, p. 26. ) 
 
 iSesgm'CHLORiDE OF IRIDIUM & dichloride OF 
 3 Hg 2 Cl ; Ir 2 C1 8 MERCURY. (Claus, Beitrage, 
 p. 26.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF IRIDIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 KCljlrCl Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol, but cannot be completely pre- 
 cipitated from the aqueous solution by alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 5eS<?UtCHLORIDE OF IRIDIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 3 K Cl ; Ir 2 C1 3 + 6 Aq Easily efflorescent. Easily 
 soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Claus; Berzelius.) Insoluble in a 
 saturated aqueous solution of chloride of potas- 
 sium, but is soluble in a less thoroughly saturated 
 solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 444.) 
 
 SesgmCHLORiDE OF IRIDIUM &OF POTASSIUM 
 
 (Chlorhyposulphate of Iridium with HYPO- 
 
 with Chloride of Potassium.) q TTT 4 T v 
 
 2KC1; Ir 2 Cl 3 ; 2KO, S 2 0<, & + 4Aq ' 
 
 1 OF POTASH. 
 
 Readily soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Claus.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF IRIDIUM & OF SILVER. Insolu- 
 
 3AgCl;Ir 2 Ci s ble in water or acids. Difficultly 
 
 soluble in ammonia-water. (Claus.) 
 
 ProfoCHLORIDE OF IRIDIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 NaCl;IrCl Deliquescent. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 /Sesgw'CHLORiDE OF IRIDIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) 3NaCl; Ir 2 Cl s + 24Aq Readily efflorescent. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 Melts in its water of crystallization at 50. Com- 
 pletely insoluble in spirit. 
 
 The compound (Ir 2 C1 3 , 4 Na Cl + 27 Aq) 
 of Karmrodt & Urlaub (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 81. 
 pp. 120-122) was a mixture of the iridium and 
 rhodium salts. (Claus, Beitrage, pp. 74, 62.) 
 
 II.) 2NaCl; Ir 2 Cl s Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 3. 998.) 
 
 SesgwCHLORiDE OF IRIDIUM with HYPOSUL- 
 PHATE & SULPHITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) Ir 2 Cl 3 ;2KO, S 2 4 ; 2 (KO, S0 a )& + 12 Aq Par- 
 tially 
 
 decomposed by being dissolved in hot water. 
 More easily soluble in a solution of potash than in 
 water. (Claus.) 
 
 II.) 4 (K 0, S O z ); 2 Ir O ; S 2 4 , Cl Decomposed, 
 
 with partial 
 solution, by water. (Claus.) 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF IRON. 
 
 a = Fe Cl Very deliquescent. Very easily soluble 
 
 in water, with evolution of heat. 
 Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstalt's Jahresbericlit, fur 1854, p. 76.) Soluble 
 in 1 pt. of strong alcohol at 82.5. (Wenzel, in 
 his Verwandtschaft, p. 300 [T.].) Insoluble in 
 ether. Sparingly soluble in a mixture of alcohol 
 and ether. The aqueous solution is decomposed 
 when in contact with the air, a basic salt being 
 deposited. 
 
 b = Fe Cl + 4 Aq Deliquescent. Soluble in 0.68 
 pt. of water. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Reimann.) 
 
 . OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 Fe 2 C1 8 with evolution of heat. Soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether ; but in the light these 
 solutions, especially the latter, soon undergo de- 
 composition. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium (Claus, Beitrage, p. 8) ; also in a 
 cold saturated solution of chloride of potassium. 
 (W. Gibbs, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 70.) 
 b = Fe 2 Cl s + 6 Aq Deliquescent, with evolution 
 
 of heat. (Fritzsche.) Soluble 
 in alcohol. Ether dissolves out Fe z Clj, leaving 
 the water. 
 
 c = Fe 2 C1 3 + 12 Aq Less deliquescent than the 
 anhydrous or the 6-hydrated 
 salt. Soluble in alcohol. Ether dissolves out 
 Fe 2 C1 3 , leaving the water. 
 
 II.) basic. All of these basic compounds may 
 Fe 2 C1 3 ; (Fe 2 Og) 1 to 23 be obtained dissolved in 
 water. Their aqueous so- 
 lutions may be diluted to any extent, or boiled, 
 without undergoing change. Sesquioxide of iron 
 is precipitated, however, when they are mixed 
 with almost any saline solution. After having 
 been dried, the more basic compounds are no 
 longer soluble in water, but the decibasic and 
 the still more acid compounds do not lose their 
 solubility by drying. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 26. 201.) 
 
 ProtoCnLORiDE OF IRON & OF MERCURY. 
 Fe Cl ; Hg Cl + 4 Aq Deliquescent, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Pogg.Ann., 1829, 17.248.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF IRON & OF OSMIUM. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 1006.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF IRON & OF POTASSIUM. 
 Fe Cl ; K Cl + x Aq Easily soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 -SiSS<?Mz'CHLORIDE OF IRON & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 2 K Cl ; Fe 2 Cl s + 2 Aq Decomposed by water ; if 
 only a small quantity of 
 
 water be added to it a portion remains undissolved, 
 but a larger quantity of water dissolves the whole 
 of it. It is less easily decomposed by water 
 than the corresponding ammonium compound. 
 (Fritzsche.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LACTYL. Decomposed by 
 C 6 H 4 2 ", 2 Cl water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LANTHANUM. Very soluble in 
 water. (Mosander.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I. normal. Permanent. Slowly soluble in 135 
 Pb Cl pts. of water at 12.5, and in a much smaller 
 quantity of hot water. (Bischof.) Soluble 
 in 30 [? 130] pts. of cold, and in 22 pts. of hot 
 water. Insoluble in strong alcohol. (Wittstein's 
 Eandw.) Soluble in 30 pts. of water, at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 
 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 4.59 pts. of it. 
 (Ure's Diet.) Insoluble in alcohol of 94%. Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold or hot alcohol of 76%. 
 (Bischof.) Insoluble in alcohol, unless this con- 
 tains more than 34% of water, in which case it is 
 soluble, and so much the more readily in propor- 
 tion as the spirit is weaker. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 Soluble in 534 pts. of water containing chloride 
 of calcium. (Bischof.) Soluble in acetic acid. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 140.) Its solubility . in 
 water is not much increased by the addition of 
 acids. (Fresenius, Qual.) Chlorhydric acid, and 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 163 
 
 several salts, especially chloride of calcium, dimin- 
 ish its solubility in water, and precipitate a por- 
 tion of it fora the saturated aqueous solution. 
 But on the other hand, it is soluble in considerable 
 quantity in concentrated chlorhydric acid, from 
 which solution it is precipitated for the moist 
 part on diluting with water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 710.) When recently precipitated, chloride of 
 lead is readily soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 soluble hyposulphites, though less abundantly than 
 chloride of silver. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 
 1819, 1. 27.). Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 acetate of soda. 
 
 Readily soluble in an aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of ammonia. (Bolley.) Soluble in alkaline solu- 
 tions. 
 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 sodium? (Anthon 1 ?) Soluble in 1636 pts. of 
 cold water containing chlorhydric acid. It is sol- 
 uble in concentrated chlorhydric acid, from which 
 solution it is precipitated by water. (Bischof.) 
 On the other hand, being less soluble in water 
 acidulated with chlorhydric acid than in pure 
 water, chlorhydric acid can precipitate it from the 
 concentrated aqueous solution. 
 
 Chlorhydric acid no longer precipitates it from 
 a solution of nitrate of lead when 100 pts. of 
 water are present. (Pfaff.) Soluble in hot, but 
 insoluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Hayes.) Soluble in dilute nitijc acid ; from this 
 saturated solution chlorhydric acid precipitates a 
 portion of it at once. (Gladstone.) Very easily 
 and completely decomposed by hot nitric acid. 
 (H. Wurtz, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 25. 381.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. When 
 treated with ammonia-water, it is converted into a 
 basic chloride without being modified in external 
 appearance. (H. Rose, 2V.) 
 
 II.) BiChloride of Lead? Very instable. De- 
 Pb Cl^ (?) composed by much water. It unites 
 with alkaline chlorides to form com- 
 pounds readily soluble in water. (Sobrero & 
 Selmi, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 29. 165.) 
 
 III.) basic. Vid. Oxychloride of Lead. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD & OF PLATIN(OUS)&ZAMIN. 
 PbCl-N JH .Pt' Ci Soluble in hot, very much less 
 soluble in cold water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol and in chlorhydric acid. (Buck- 
 ton, J. Ch. Soc., 5. 213.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD & OF RHODIUM. 
 
 I.) 2 Pb 1 ; Rh 2 Oi s ) Insoluble in water. (Claus, 
 
 II.) 3 Pb Cl; Rh 2 CI 3 f Beitrdge, pp. 73, 23.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF LEAD & OF SODIUM. 
 
 Z&CHLORIDE OF LEAD & OF SODIUM. Very 
 
 2PbCl 2 ;9NaCl soluble in water. (Sobrero & 
 
 Selmi, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 29. 165.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD with FLUORIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 (CUorofluoride of Lead.) Slightly soluble, without 
 
 decomposition, in water. 
 Easily soluble in nitric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD with IODIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 (CUor Iodide of Lead.) 
 2 Pb Cl ; Pb I 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD with PHOSPHATE OF 
 (ChloroP/iosphate of Lead.) LEAD. Insoluble in 
 
 I.) Pb Cl ; 2 Pb 0, H 0, P B boiling water. Solu- 
 ble in dilute nitric 
 acid. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22. 505.) 
 
 II.) 2 (3 Pb 0, c P 3 ) ; Pb Cl Ppt. 
 
 HI ) 3 (3 Pb 0, c P 6 ) ; Pb Cl 
 
 IV. ) 3 (3 Pb 0, c P 0,;) ; Pb Cl + Aq Insoluble in 
 
 water. 
 Heintz.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD with PHOSPHITE OF LEAD. 
 CMoro Phosphite of Lead.) Decomposed bv boiling 
 >b Cl 5 2 Pb 0, P O s water . ^(Berzelius.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD with SULPHATE OF LEAD. 
 Chloro Sulphate of Lead.) Insoluble in water, or an 
 ! Pb Cl ; Pb 0, S 3 + Aq aqueous so l ut ion of chlo- 
 ride of sodium. (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 20. 
 1523.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD with SULPHIDE OF LEAD. 
 Pb Cl ; 3 PbS Decomposed by boiling water, which 
 dissolves out the chloride of lead. 
 Unacted upon by dilute, decomposed by concen- 
 rated chlorhydric acid. (Huenefeld.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LEAD with TARTRATE OF LEAD. 
 Appears to be insoluble in water, or an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of sodium. (Becquerel, C. R., 
 1845, 20. 1525.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LITHIUM. More quickly de- 
 Li Cl + 2 Aq & 4 Aq liquescent than any other 
 known salt. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) More deliquescent than chloride of cal- 
 ium. (Troost.) Exceedingly soluble in water. 
 (C. Gmelin.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt 
 "is soluble in 1.57 pts. of water at 
 
 1.24 
 0.96 
 0.87 
 0.77 
 0.78 
 0.72 
 0.69 
 
 20 
 65 
 80 
 95 
 96 
 140 
 160 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 47, and 103. 65.) 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 1.315 
 pts. of water at 15. (Gerlach's determination, 
 see his table of sp. grs., below.) The saturated 
 aqueous solution boils at 171. (Kremers, Pogg. 
 Ann., 99. 43.) 
 
 An aqueous solution con- 
 
 taining per cent of Li Cl Boils at C. 
 
 5 ...... 100.7 
 
 10 102.3 
 
 15 105.1 
 
 20 109.2 
 
 25 114 
 
 30 1199 . 
 
 35 127. 1 9 
 
 40 ...... 135.6 
 
 (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlaesungen, p. 96.) 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 of sp. gr. (at 15) 
 
 1.0580 . 
 
 1.1172 
 
 1.1819 
 
 1.2557 
 
 1.2827 
 
 Contains per cent 
 of Li Cl. 
 
 . 10 
 20 
 30 
 
 40 
 43.2* 
 
 . 
 
 (Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, Freiberg, 
 1859, p. 10.) 
 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution 
 of sp. gr. 
 (at 19.5) 
 
 1 0278 . . 
 
 Contains pts. of 
 the anhydrous 
 salt dissolved in 
 100 pts. of water. 
 
 . . . 5.04 
 
 1.0541 
 
 10.38 
 
 1.0896 
 
 18.39 
 
 1.1247 
 
 27.09 
 
 1.1832 
 
 43.51 
 
 1.2362 . .. . 
 
 . . . 60.26 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 444.] 
 
164 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 Easily soluble in absolute alcohol. (C. Gmelin.) 
 Easily soluble in a mixture of equal parts of ab- 
 solute alcohol and ether. (Berzelius; Rammels- 
 berg; also Lawrence Smith, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 16. 
 57.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LITHIUM & protochloride OP 
 MERCURY. There are two salts, one of which is 
 permanent, the other deliquescent, (v. Bons- 
 dorff.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Slowly solu- 
 (CMorhydrate of Luteo- ble in cold, decomposed by 
 Cobaltiaque.CUorhydrate piling water. (Fremy, 
 of diCobaltmamin.) . ^-,, D , } > Q i 
 
 6N H 3 . Co 2 , CI 8 Ann - CL et P % s "' < 3 ') 35 ' 
 
 285.) Is not decomposed 
 
 by boiling water. Acids, like chlorhydric, sulphu- 
 ric, and nitric, precipitate it from the cold aqueous 
 solution. These acids, when warm, do not alter 
 the salt ; on heating the mixture it becomes slightly 
 yellow, and on cooling, all the salt which has been 
 dissolved separates out. Insoluble in ammonia- 
 water. Completely insoluble in cold, and only 
 soluble to an insignificant extent in boiling abso- 
 lute alcohol. (Rogojski, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 41. 450, & J. pr. Ch., 56. 496.) More soluble 
 than chloride of purpureocobalt in water acidu- 
 lated with chlorhydric acid. (Rogojski, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 41. 447.) Readily soluble in hot, 
 much less soluble in cold water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol, in chlorhydric acid, or in solutions of the 
 alkaline chlorides, which precipitate it unchanged 
 from the aqueous solution. (Gibbs & Genth, 
 Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9. p. 36 of the memoir.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LUTEOCOBALT with CHROMATE 
 
 (Crystallizing together in all proportions.) OF LuTEO- 
 
 COBALT. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF LUTEOCOBALT with SULPHATE 
 
 (Sulphato Chloride of 'Luteo Cobalt. OF LuTEoCo- 
 
 Chloro Sulphate of diCobaltamin.') BALT. Soluble 
 
 6 N K^COj 3) 3 S 3 ; 6 N H 3 . Co 2 C] 3 m water ( Ro _ 
 
 (Isomorphous mixture of its two com- gjskl, Ann. Ch. 
 ycmenzs(according to Gibbs & Genth). et Phys., (3.) 
 
 41. 453.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 a = Mg Cl Deliquescent. Soluble in water, with 
 evolution of heat. 
 
 Soluble in 1.857 pts. of water at 15. (Ger- 
 lach's determination, see his table of sp. grs., be- 
 low.) Soluble in 1 pt. of cold water. (Fourcroy.) 
 An aqueous solution saturated in the cold contains 
 50% of it (Fourcroy) ; and at 12.5, 64.8%. (Has- 
 senfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 200 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 Dry chloride of magnesium is soluble in 7 pts. of 
 alcohol at 15. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 144) ; in 5 
 pts. of alcohol at a moderate heat. [Ibid., p. 183.) 
 
 100 pts. of alcohol Dissolve of chloride of 
 
 of sp. gr. magnesium, dried at 
 
 48.8, pts. 
 
 0.900 21.25 
 
 0.848 23.75 
 
 0.834 36.25 
 
 0.817 50.00 
 
 (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274 [T.].) 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution of per cent solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. of sp. gr, of 
 
 (at 15) Mg Cl. (at 15) Mg Cl. 
 
 1.00844 
 1.01689 
 1.02533 
 1.03378 
 1.04222 
 1.05096 
 
 1.05970 
 1.06844 
 1.07718 
 1.08592 
 1.09495 
 1.10398 
 
 An aqueous 
 soiution of 
 sp- gr. 
 (at 15) ' 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 of 
 Mg Cl. 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution of 
 sp. gr. 
 (at 15) 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 of 
 MgCl. 
 
 1.11300 . 
 
 . 13 
 
 1.22737 
 
 . 25 
 
 1.12203 
 
 14 
 
 1.23777 ' 
 
 26 
 
 1.13106 
 
 15 
 
 1.24817 
 
 27 
 
 1.14045 
 
 16 
 
 1.25857 
 
 28 
 
 1.14984 
 
 17 
 
 1.26897 
 
 29 
 
 1.15922 
 
 18 
 
 1.27937 
 
 30 
 
 1.16861 
 
 19 
 
 1.29029 
 
 31 
 
 1.17800 
 
 20 
 
 1.30121 
 
 32 
 
 1.18787 
 
 21 
 
 1.31213 
 
 33 
 
 1.19775 
 
 22 
 
 1.32305 
 
 34 
 
 1.20762 
 
 23 
 
 1.33397 
 
 35 
 
 1.21750 . 
 
 . 24 
 
 1.33406 
 
 . 35.008* 
 
 (Th. Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salslcesunyen, Frei- 
 berg, 1859, p. 12.) 
 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 An aqueous Contains per An aqueous Contains per 
 solution of cent of chlo- solution of cent of chlo- 
 sp.gr. ride of mag- sp gr. ride of mag- 
 
 (at 12.5) nesium [Mg 
 Cl + 6 Aq]. 
 
 (at 12.5) nesium [Mg 
 Cl -f- 6 Aq]. 
 
 1.0068 
 
 . . 2 
 
 1.1190 . . 
 
 34 
 
 1.0136 
 
 4 
 
 1.1266 
 
 36 
 
 1.0204 
 
 6 
 
 1.1343 
 
 38 
 
 1.0274 
 
 8 
 
 1.1420 
 
 40 
 
 1.0340 
 
 10 
 
 1.1507 
 
 42 
 
 1.0408 
 
 12 
 
 1.1597 
 
 44 
 
 1.0476 
 
 14 
 
 1.1686 
 
 46 
 
 1.0544 
 
 16 
 
 1.1777 
 
 48 
 
 1.0612 
 
 18 
 
 1.1870 
 
 50 
 
 1.0681 
 
 20 
 
 1.1963 
 
 52 
 
 1.0751 
 
 22 
 
 1.2068 
 
 54 
 
 1.0823 
 
 24 
 
 1.2164 
 
 56 
 
 1.0895 
 
 26 
 
 1.2261 
 
 58 
 
 1.0967 
 
 28 
 
 1.2380 
 
 60 
 
 1.1040 
 
 30 
 
 1.2507 
 
 62 
 
 1.1114 
 
 . . 32 
 
 1.2646 . . 
 
 64 
 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann 
 
 . de Chim., 28. 
 
 299.) 
 
 A solution of sp. gr. 
 (at 19.5) 
 
 Contains pts. of the an- 
 hydrous salt dissolved in 
 100 pts. 'of water. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 .11 
 12 
 
 1.0826 10.7 
 
 1.1592 22.0 
 
 1.2388 35.3 
 
 1.3235 51.5 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 1O4. 155.) 
 An aqueous solution containing 10% of Mg Cl 
 boils at 101.6; one of 20% boils at 106.2; and 
 one of 30% at 115.6. (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der 
 Salzlcesungen, p. 98.) The aqueous solution can- 
 not be evaporated to dryness without undergoing 
 decomposition, a portion of the chlorhydric acid 
 of the salt being evolved. When one equivalent 
 of Mg Cl, in aqueous solution, is mixed with a 
 solution of an equivalent of sulphate of potash 
 (K O, S 3 ), 0.43 of it are decomposed to sul- 
 phate of magnesia, which may be precipitated 
 by adding alcohol, while 0.57 of it remain un- 
 changed ; when mixed with a solution of an equiv- 
 alent of sulphate of soda (Na O, S O a ), 0.458 of it 
 are decomposed as before, while 0.542 of it remain 
 unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1853, 
 (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 b = Mg Cl + 6 Aq Deliquescent. Soluble in 0.658 
 pt. of cold, and in 0.273 pt. of 
 hot water; in 5 pts. of alcohol of 0.90 sp. gr., and 
 in 2 pts. of alcohol of 0.817 sp. gr. When heated 
 it melts in its water of crystallization. 
 
 Soluble in 0.1828 pt. of strong alcohol at 82.5. 
 (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 300 [T.].) 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 165 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experi- 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 24) meut) per cent of 
 
 Mg 01 + 6 Aq. 
 
 1.2784 ' 72.36 
 
 1.1756 48.24 
 
 1.1141 . 32.16 
 
 1.0843 " 24.12 
 
 1.0551 16.08 
 
 1.0268 8.04 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 333.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the following 
 table, by means of the formula, D = 1 -4- 0.003427 
 p 4- 0.0000022 p 2 -f- 0.000000054 p 3 ; in which D 
 = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p the percentage 
 of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent 
 
 (at 24). of Mg Cl + 6 Aq. of Mg. Cl. 
 
 1.0069 . .- . 2 ... 0.936 
 
 1.0138 4 1.872 
 
 1.0207 6 2.802 
 
 1.0276 8 3.744 
 
 1.0345 10 4.680 
 
 1.0415 12 5.616 
 
 1.0485 14 6.552 
 
 1.0656 16 7.488 
 
 1.0627 18 8.424 
 
 1.0698 20 9.360 
 
 1.0770 22 10.296 
 
 1.0842 24 11.232 
 
 1.0915 26 12.168 
 
 1.0988 28 13.104 
 
 1.1062 30 14.040 
 
 1.1137 32 14.976 
 
 1.1212 34 15.912 
 
 1.1288 36 16.848 
 
 1.1364 38 17.784 
 
 1.1441 40 18.720 
 
 1.1519 42 19.656 
 
 1.1598 44 20.592 
 
 1.1677 46 21.528 
 
 1.1756 48 22.464 
 
 1.1836 50 23.400 
 
 1.1918 52 24.336 
 
 1.2000 54 25.272 
 
 1.2083 56 26.208 
 
 1.2167 58 27.144 
 
 1.2252 60 28.080 
 
 1.2338 62 29.016 
 
 1.2425 64 29.952 
 
 1.2513 66 30.888 
 
 1.2602 68 31.824 
 
 1.2692 70 32.760 
 
 1.2783 72 33.696 
 
 1.2875 74 34.632 
 
 1.2968 76 35.568 
 
 1.3063 78 36.504 
 
 1.3159 ... 80 .. 37.440 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 72.) 
 
 Schiif admits (Ibid., 1860, 113.355) that Gerlach's 
 table is more accurate than his own. SchifTs so- 
 lutions were not, like Kremers's, prepared from 
 the crystallized salt. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM & protochloride or 
 MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Mg Cl ; Hg Cl + 6 Aq Exceedingly deliques- 
 cent. More soluble in 
 
 water than No. 2. (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829, 17. 136.) 
 
 II.) Mg Cl ; 3 Hg Cl -J-5 Aq Permanent. When 
 treated with water it 
 
 suffers decomposition at first, the chloride of mag- 
 nesium dissolving before the chloride of mercury, 
 but finally complete, solution ensues, and the 
 double salt is again deposited as the solution 
 
 evaporates spontaneously. Easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 135.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 2 Mg Cl ; K C1+ 12 Aq Deliquesces to a solution of 
 
 Mg Cl, while K Cl remains 
 
 undissolved. (Liebig.) It is decomposed in the 
 
 same way by water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 2 Mg Cl ; Na Cl + 2 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM & bichloridS 
 MgCl,SnCl 2 + 5Aq TIN. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM with jorotoCYANioi 
 Mg Cl ; 2 Hg Cy + 2 Aq OF MERCURY. Easily sol- 
 uble in water and in weak 
 alcohol. (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM with OXYCHLO- 
 2 Mg Cl ; P 2 Cl s RIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Very 
 deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 with decomposition. Very sparingly soluble in 
 warm oxy chloride of phosphorus. (Casselmann, 
 Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 98.223.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MANGANESE. 
 a = anhydrous. Deliquescent. 
 MnCl 
 
 Soluble in 1.609 pts. of water at 10 
 " 1.167 " " 31.25 
 " 0.818 " " 62.5 
 " 0.818 " " 87.5 
 " 0.808 " " 106.25 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of water Dissolve pts. of an- 
 
 (at C) hydrous Mn Cl. 
 
 10 62.16 
 
 31.25 85.72 
 
 62.5 122.22 
 
 87.5 122.22 
 
 106.25 123.81 
 
 Or, the aqueous solution saturated at 
 
 10 contains 38.33% of Mn Cl 
 31.25 " 46.15 " 
 62.5 " 55.00 " 
 87.5 " 55.00 " 
 106.25 " 55.32 " 
 (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1831, 22. pp. 263-266.) 
 
 A solution in alcohol of 
 
 75 per cent, saturated 
 
 atC 
 
 10 . . . . 
 
 25 
 
 43.75 
 
 87.5 (boiling) 
 
 Contains per cent of 
 MnCl. 
 
 23.1 
 36.1 
 37.5 
 322 
 
 A solution in absolute 
 alcohol, saturated at C 
 
 11.25 ...... 33.3 
 
 37.5 33.3 
 
 76.25 (boiling) . . . 36.2 
 Or, 1 pt. of Mn Cl is soluble in 2 pts. of absolute 
 alcohol at 11.25, and at 37.5, and in 1.7 pts. of 
 this menstruum at 76.25. Or, 100 pts. of abso- 
 lute alcohol dissolve 50 pts. of Mn Cl at 1 1.25 and 
 37.5, and 58 pts. of it at 76.25. These numbers 
 refer to recently prepared alcoholic solutions, but 
 when these are kept for some time much of the 
 chloride crystallizes out. A solution in absolute 
 alcohol which had been weakened in this manner 
 was found to contain only 21% of Mn Cl at 10. 
 (Brandes, loc. tit, pp. 266 - 270.) When 15 (a) 20 
 vols. of ether are added to 1 vol. of absolute alco- 
 hol saturated with chloride of manganese the latter 
 is completely precipitated. (Dccbereiner.) Insol- 
 uble in oil of turpentine. (Brandes, loc. cit., p. 
 272.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Deliquescent. 
 Mn Cl + 4 Aq 
 
166 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 Soluble in 0.66 pt. of water at 10 
 
 " 0.37 " " 31.25 
 
 " 0.16 " " 62.5 
 
 " 0.16 " " 87.5 
 
 " 0.15 " " 106.25 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of water 
 atC 
 
 8 . 
 31.25 
 62.5 
 87.5 
 
 Dissolve pts. of 
 Mn Cl -f 4 Aq. 
 
 . 151 
 265 
 641 
 641 
 
 106.25 656 
 
 Or, the aqueous solution saturated 
 at 8 ' contains 60.27,, of Mn Cl + 4 Aq 
 31.25 " 72.6 
 
 62.5 " 86.5 
 
 87.5 " 86.5 
 
 106.25 " 86.9 
 
 (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1831, 22. pp. 263-266.) 
 Soluble in 0.8 pt. of water at 18.75. ( Abl, from 
 (Esterr.ZeitsckriftjurPharm., 8.201, in Canstatt's 
 Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) When the crys- 
 tallized salt is heated, it becomes soft at 37.5, 
 melts to a thick liquid at 50, which becomes more 
 fluid as the heat is increased, being quite mobile 
 at 87.5, and boiling at 106,25. (Brandes, loc. 
 cit., p. 261.) 
 
 Soluble in 1.75 pts. of alcohol of 75%, at 10 
 0.75 " " 25 
 
 " 0.69 " " 43.75 
 
 " 0.97 " " 87.5 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of alcohol 
 of 75 per cent, at C 
 10 ... 
 25 
 43.75 
 87.5 
 
 Dissolve pts. of 
 Mn Cl + 4 Aq. 
 
 . 53 
 
 132 
 
 144 
 , 100.1 
 
 Or, the solution in alcohol, of 75%, saturated 
 at 10 contains 36.3% of Mn Cl + 4 Aq. 
 " 25 " 57.7 
 " 43.75 " 59.0 
 " 87.5 " 50.6 '" " 
 
 (Brandes, loc. cit., pp. 266-270.) 
 
 Insoluble in absolute ether, at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, and none of its water of crystallization is 
 abstracted by ether. (Brandes, loc. cit., p. 266.) 
 Insoluble in boiling oil of turpentine, and loses but 
 little water during the experiment. (Ibid., p. 272.) 
 When one equivalent of Mn Cl, in aqueous solu- 
 tion, is mixed with a solution of an equivalent of 
 sulphate of potash (KO, S 3 ) T V<nr of U are 
 decomposed to sulphate of manganese, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while T \ 7 A of 
 it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch.et Phys., 
 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 Ses7m'CHLORiDE OP MANGANESE. When ses- 
 (Chlorhydrate of quioxide (Mn 2 Os) or peroxide 
 Manganic Oxide.) ^ n Q^ of manganese is dis- 
 MD!! Cla solved in cold, somewhat concen- 
 
 trated chlorhydric acid, an excess of acid being 
 avoided, a solution is obtained, which on being 
 decomposed by the addition of much water, depos- 
 its hydrated sesquioxide of manganese (Mn 2 Os, 
 3 H O.) (Forchammer ; H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 
 83. 147.) 
 
 PerCHLORiDE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 
 Mn 2 C1 7 water. (Dumas.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORiDE OF MANGANESE & OF MER- 
 Mn Cl -, Hg O1 + 4 Aq CURY. Deliquescent. (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 
 17. 247.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MANGANESE with CYANIDE OF 
 
 Mn Cl j 2 Hg Cy + 3 Aq MERCURY. Efflorescent. Very 
 soluble in water. (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MANNICYL. Easily soluble in 
 C 12 H 10 6 C1 2 ether. (Berthelot.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCUR(ZC)AMMONIUM. Solu- 
 (FusMe White Precipitate, ble in warm, less soluble 
 according to Kane.) in co i d ammonia-water. 
 
 N|H|CI (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF tfo'MERcuR(ic)AMMONiuM. Per- 
 
 (Infusible White Precipitate, manent. Insoluble in 
 
 AmidoCUoride of Mercury.) cold water (Millon, 
 
 N }~|j .01, &+2A.J Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 18- 413.) Soluble in 
 
 about 600 pts. of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) Soluble in 719.98 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatfs Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) Scarcely at all soluble in cold, de- 
 composed by boiling water. Soluble, with com- 
 bination, in boiling dilute sulphuric acid ; also sol- 
 uble in hot dilute nitric acid. (Kosmann, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 238.) Soluble in the min- 
 eral acids and in aqueous solutions of nitrate, sul- 
 phate, and acetate of ammonia, when these salts 
 are mixed with free ammonia. (Pelouze & 
 Fremy, TV.) Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 also in nitric and sulphuric acids. (Fourcroy.) 
 Easily soluble in cyanhydric acid. (Hennel.) 
 Soluble in warm aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium, and of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett.) 
 Completely insoluble in cold water, but soluble to 
 a certain extent in aqueous solutions of the alka- 
 line chlorides, which partially decompose it with 
 formation of protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl). 
 This decomposition is greater in hot than in cold 
 solutions. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 5. 180.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF tefraMERCUR(zc)AMMONiUM. 
 
 (AmidoxyMoride of Mercury.) Slightly soluble in 
 
 TM TTo. f'l _1_ 9 W f> -n < i 
 
 11 ' i- 1 ^i -j- tu n \j water l^asilv solu- 
 
 "NH 2 Hg, HgU+2HgO" ^ & .^ ^.^ &nd 
 
 chlorhydric acids. (Kane.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCUR(K:)AMMONIUM & proto- 
 chloride OF MERCURY. 
 
 T \ N $ HS Cl Hg Cl Insoluble in water, but 
 f H 8' turns yellow when boiled 
 
 therewith for some time. (H. Rose.) Decom- 
 posed by water, with partial solution. (Kane.) 
 Partially soluble in water. (Grouvelle.) 
 
 II. ) N 5 & ci . 2 Hg Cl + Aq Insoluble in cold, 
 , , somewhat decom- 
 ^tsible White Precipitate '"* "- 
 
 flos, and Riegel).) 
 
 ipitate (of Du- 
 
 posed by boiling 
 
 water. Soluble 
 in acids, even in strong acetic acid. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF Jt'MERCtm(t'c)AMMONiuM &proto- 
 N c H, ci 2 Hg Cl chloride OF MERCURY. Dc- 
 
 {2Hg composed by cold water. (Mil- 
 
 Ion, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 413.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF cfcMERCUR(*'c)AsiMONiuM & pro- 
 
 2 N ?!, Cl ; 3 HgCl 5 2 Hg tochlorideOY MERCU- 
 
 ( 2 Hg RY with PROTOXIDE 
 
 OF MERCURY. Insoluble in cold water. (Millon, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 413.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF <efraMERCUR(?c)AMMONiuM & 
 N (Hg 4 ) Cl ; Hg Cl protochloride of MERCU- 
 
 (Nitrochloride of Mercury.) Rr Insoluble in boiling 
 water, alkaline solutions, nitric or dilute sulphuric 
 acids, but is gradually dissolved by boiling con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, and by chlorhydric acid. 
 (Mitseherlich.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF <&'MERCUR(!C)AMIONIUM with 
 PROTOXIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 167 
 
 I ) N 5 H! Cl 2 He Insoluble in warm water. 
 ' ' } 2 Hg 
 
 TT \ 9 isr 5 H a ri 4H>o Insoluble in cold wa- 
 N J 2 fc g Cl, 4 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 18. 413.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCUR(OWS)AMMONIUM. De- 
 
 (AmmoniodiChloride of Mercury. Decomposes in the 
 CMoroMercurate of Ammonia.) a j r 
 
 CHLORIDE OF <&MERCUR(OUS)AMMONIUM. 
 (AmidoChloride of Mercury. Permanent. Insoluble 
 diClilorJlmidideof Mercury.) j n water . Unacted up- 
 
 N \ 2 Hg C1 on ky boiling water. 
 
 Decomposed by acids. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCUR(OMS)ETHYL. Nearly 
 ( Chloride of HydrargEthyl.) insoluble in water. Spar- 
 C 4 H 5 Hg 2 , Cl ingly soluble in cold, 
 
 freely soluble in boiling alcohol. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in ether. (Duenhaupt.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCUR(OUS)METHYL. Ppt. 
 C 2 H 3 Hg 2 , Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF fefraMERCUR(?c)PHOspHONiuM 
 
 p (Hg 4 ) Cl ; 2 Hg Cl + 3 Aq & protocMoride of MER- 
 
 CURY. Decomposed by 
 
 boiling, and gradually by cold water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 Z)Z'CHLORIDE OF MERCURY. When prepared 
 
 (Calomel. ' SubMoride in the moist way, it is al- 
 of Mercury. Submuriate most absolutely insoluble 
 of Mercury. Mercurous . , , . . .' j n 
 
 chloride.) in cold . but 1S gradually 
 
 Hg 2 Cl decomposed to a slight ex- 
 
 tent by boiling water. 
 
 Sparingly soluble, with decomposition, in boiling 
 distilled water free from air : thus, 1.2 grms. of 
 calomel being placed in a flask containing 20 grms. 
 of boiling distilled water, the whole maintained 
 at the temperature of ebullition during an hour, 
 and the flask securely closed until cold, afforded 
 0.002 grm. of corrosive sublimate. When the 
 water is boiled in contact with air, the decomposi- 
 tion of the dichloride is very much greater, but 
 simple pvotochloride of mercury is no longer pro- 
 duced, an oxychloride being formed, as has been 
 shown by Guibourt. (Mialhe. Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 5. 176.) Soluble in 1152 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Rouelle.) Soluble in 12000 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 Insoluble in spirit, but when boiled for a long 
 time, therewith it is decomposed to a slight extent. 
 
 Insoluble in ether. (Lassaigne.) Insoluble at 
 the ordinary temperature in very dilute acids, but 
 slowly soluble at more elevated temperatures ; the 
 solution gradually becomes complete at the tem- 
 perature of boiling, with decomposition. When 
 treated with warm chlorhydric acid, or with aque- 
 ous solutions of the alkaline chlorides, dichloride 
 of mercury is completely transformed to proto- 
 chloride, which dissolves, and metallic mercury. 
 (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 343.) 
 A mixture of 0.6 grm. Hg 2 Cl, 0.6 grin, chlor- 
 hydric acid, and 10 grms. of water being left 
 during 24 hours, at the temperature of 40 or 50, 
 out of contact with the air, 0.004 grm. of cor- 
 rosive sublimate (Hg Cl) was produced. The 
 same mixture in contact with the air afforded 
 0.014 grm. of Hg Cl. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 5. 176.) Tolerably rapidly soluble, with de- 
 composition, in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in boiling nitric acid, 
 and in cold chlorine- water, or aqua-regia. (Fre- 
 senius, Quant, p. 146.) Soluble in a hot or warm 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium ; less 
 
 readily soluble in a solution of nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) Somewhat 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammo- 
 nium, chloride of potassium, and chloride of sodi- 
 um ; traces of it are also dissolved by solutions of 
 chloride of barium, and chloride of calcium. (Pet- 
 tenkofer.) When treated with aqueous solutions 
 of the chlorides of ammonium, sodium, potassi- 
 um, or barium, especially chloride of ammonium, 
 it is partially decomposed, some protochloride 
 of mercury (Hg Cl) being formed and dissolved. 
 This decomposition, but slight in the cold, is more 
 rapid in hot solutions ; it is also greater in propor- 
 tion as the solution of the alkaline salt employed 
 is more concentrated ; out of contact with the air, 
 but little decomposition occurs, but when exposed 
 to the air, oxygen is absorbed, and the decomposi- 
 tion is greater. In presence of dextrin the decom- 
 position appears to be more rapid ; sugar and 
 albumen do not seem to modify it, while fatty 
 matters and gum-arabic retard it. (Mialhe, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. pp. 171-176, & 184 [quan- 
 titative results are given by M.].) The amount of 
 protochloride of mercury formed by the action of 
 chloride of ammonium upon calomel may even be 
 greater than would be formed by the action of an 
 equivalent quantity of chlorhydric acid. Thus, in 
 i an experiment where 0.3 grm. of calomel, 1.2 
 ! grms. of chloride of ammonium, and 10 grms. of 
 I distilled water were allowed to act upon each other 
 i at the ordinary temperature during 24 hours, 
 ,0.019 grm. of protochloride of mercury was 
 formed ; while from 0.3 grm. of calomel, 0.673 
 grm. of chlorhydric acid (the chlorine of which is 
 equivalent to that in the 1.2 grms. of chloride of 
 ammonium), and 10 grms. of water, placed in the 
 same circumstances, only 0.008 grm. of proto- 
 chloride of mercury was formed. This is not the 
 case, however, with all the salts of mercury, for 
 many of them afford more protochloride when 
 treated with chlorhydric acid than with chloride of 
 ammonium. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 5. 185 ) Soluble in aqueous solutions of sulphate 
 of ammonia ; but insoluble in solutions of nitrate 
 or succinate of ammonia or of sulphate, nitrate, or 
 tartrate of potash. (Wittstein.) When digested 
 with an aqueous solution of acetate of ammonia at 
 18.8 @ 25, even if this have an acid reaction, it 
 is decomposed to a certain extent, protochloride of 
 mercury being formed and dissolved. (Weppen, 
 from Arch. d. PJuirm., (2.) 9. 236, in J. pr. Ch., 
 1837, 11. 182.) As Buchner has already shown, 
 dichloride of mercury is decomposed by a solution 
 of caustic ammonia, with formation of protochlo- 
 ride of mercury and metallic quicksilver, which 
 separates, and the same result is obtained when a 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia is substituted for 
 the ammonia-water. (Weppen, Ibid., J. pr. Ch., 
 p. 183.) Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 protonitrate of mercury. (Wackenroder, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 317.) Easily soluble in a 
 warm aqueous solution of bichloride of platinum, 
 (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19. 353.) De- 
 composed by ammonia-water, and by solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia, with separation of metallic 
 mercury. (Wittstein.) Very soluble, with de- 
 composition, in warm nitric acid. 
 
 Soluble in strong hot chlorhydric acid, with 
 separation of mercury (Proust) ; soluble in hot 
 dilute chlorhydric acid without separation of mer- 
 cury. (Guibourt.) Soluble in cold cyanhydric 
 acid, with separation of metallic mercury and for- 
 mation of protochloride and cyanide of mercury. 
 
 1 grain of chlorhydric acid diluted with 250,000 
 grains of water affords a perfectly distinct precipi- 
 
168 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 tate of dichloride of mercury on the addition of a 
 solution of nitrate of dinoxide of mercury. (Pfaff.] 
 
 ProtoCHLOKIDE OF MERCUKY. 
 (Bichloride of Mercury. 
 Corrosive sublimate.) 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Soluble in 18.5 pts. 
 HgCl of water at 13.8, or 100 pts. of water 
 at 13.8 dissolve 5.4 pts. of it. Its de- 
 gree of solubility increases greatly with the tem- 
 perature, but in what ratio it is not easy to ascer- 
 tain with precision. (J. Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, 
 p. 358.) Soluble in 2 < 3 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of boiling water. (Wenzel, 
 Verwandtschaft, p. 310. [T.].) Soluble in 18.23 
 pts. of water at 10, and in 3 pts. of water at 100. 
 The solution saturated at 10 contains 5.2% of it, 
 and the solution saturated at 100 contains 25%. 
 (M. R. & P.) Soluble in 18.46 pts. of water at 
 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Ze.itschrift fur Pkarm., 
 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahrcsbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 Soluble in 16 pts. of cold, and in 3 pts. of warm 
 water. (Dumas, TV.) 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 atC. 
 
 .... 
 
 Dissolve pts 
 of Ilg Cl. 
 
 . . . 5.73 
 
 10 
 
 6.57 
 
 20 
 
 7.39 
 
 30 
 
 8.43 
 
 40 
 
 9.62 
 
 50 
 
 11.34 
 
 60 
 
 13.86 ' 
 
 70 
 
 17.29 
 
 80 
 
 24.30 
 
 90 
 
 37.05 
 
 100 53.96 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Cli. et Phys. (3.) 8. 468.) 
 
 An aqueous solution saturated at 8 is of 1.041 
 sp. gr. ( Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 21 1.) 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 101.1. 
 (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 Soluble in 2.5 pts. of cold alcohol. (Richter) ; 
 in 3 pts. of cold alcohol (Karls) ; in 2.5 pts. of 
 alcohol, of 0.833, at the ordinary temperature, and 
 in 1.167 pts. of the same alcohol at boiling (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) ; in 1.132 pts. of boiling alcohol 
 [T.] ; in 2 pts of alcohol, of 0.816 sp. gr., at 15.5, 
 forming a solution of 1.08 sp. gr. (J. Davy, Phil. 
 Trans., 1822, p. 358.) 
 Soluble in 2.57 pts. of alcohol of 39 (Carrier) at 10' 
 
 ' 2.9 
 
 ' " 
 
 ' 38 ' 
 
 
 ' 10 
 
 ' 3.6 
 
 < 
 
 ' 35 
 
 
 ' 10 
 
 ' 4.2 
 
 < i< 
 
 ' 30 ' 
 
 
 ' 10 
 
 ' 9.3 
 
 t (i 
 
 ' 22 ' 
 
 
 ' 10 
 
 < 14.6 
 
 i it 
 
 ' 15 . 
 
 
 ' 10 
 
 (N.E. Henry.) 
 
 It is mostly precipitated from a saturated solution 
 in absolute alcohol on the addition of an amount 
 of water equal to one quarter the bulk of the 
 alcoholic solution. (Dcebereiner.) Soluble in 
 4 pts. of ether (Karls) ; in 4.1 pts. (N. E Henry.) ; 
 in 2.86 pts. of ether of 0.745 sp. gr., forming a 
 solution of 1.08 sp. gr. The solvent power of the 
 ether does not appear to be increased by elevation 
 of temperature, nor diminished by its reduction ; 
 the boiling-point of the solution also appears to be 
 the same as that of pure ether. ( J. Davy, Phil. 
 Trans., 1822, p. 359.) Ether abstracts it from the 
 aqueous solution (Orfila), and the quantity thus 
 removed is greater in proportion as the solution 
 is more concentrated. From a solution of 1 pt. 
 Hg Cl in 20 pts. of water, an equal volume of 
 ether takes up 0.7 pt. ; while if the remaining 
 aqueous solution is again shaken with its own 
 
 volume of fresh ether, it gives up to the latter only 
 0.1 pt. A solution of Hg Cl in 400 pts. of water, 
 when agitated with 100 pts. of ether, loses only 
 0.3 pt. of the salt. (Lassaigne.) The saturated 
 ethereal solution is of 1 .08 sp. gr. ( J. Davy.) 4 pts. 
 of ether alone dissolve 1 pt of Hg Cl ; on addition 
 of 1.33 pts. of camphor, the same quantity of ether 
 dissolves 1.33 pts. ; with 4 pts. of camphor, it dis- 
 solves 2 pts. ; with 8 pts. of camphor, 4 pts. ; and 
 with 16 pts. of camphor, 8 pts. of Hg Cl. (Karls, 
 Pogg. Ann., 10. 608, [Gm.].) 3 pts. of alcohol 
 which at ordinary temperatures dissolve 1 pt. of 
 Hg Cl, take up 2 pts. of that compound on the 
 addition of 1 pt. of camphor ; 3 pts. on the addi- 
 tion of 3 pts. of camphor; 6 pts. on the addition of 
 
 6 pts. of camphor. (Karls, Pogg. Ann., 10. 608 
 [Gm.].) 16 pts. of alcohol of 0.865 sp. gr. dissolve 
 
 7 pts. of Hg Cl, and 9.6 pts. after the addition of 
 4 pts. of camphor ; by agitation with finely pul- 
 verized Hg Cl a solution is at length obtained 
 containing 25 pts. of camphor and 16 pts. of proto- 
 chloride of mercury in 4 pts. of alcohol. This 
 solution is syrupy, of 1 .326 sp. gr., and deposits 
 a small quantity of dichloride of mercury. Mixed 
 with water, it deposits camphor, and when covered 
 with water and left to itself for a considerable time, 
 it deposits camphor, together with crystals of 
 Hg Cl. When diluted with alcohol, it exhibits, 
 with reagents, the reactions of protochloride of 
 mercury. (Simon, Pogg. Ann., 37. 553 [Gm.].) 
 Abundantly soluble in oil of turpentine and the 
 other essential oils. When a mixture of corrosive 
 sublimate and of oil of turpentine, cinnamon, nut- 
 meg, juniper, caraway, peppermint, cloves, or 
 almonds, is gently heated, decomposition ensues. 
 (J. Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, pp. 359, 360.) Freely 
 soluble in glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 236.) 
 Abundantly soluble in boiling creosote, from which 
 it separates for the most part as the solution cools. 
 (Reichenbach.) Its solubility in water is aug- 
 mented by the presence of acids, chlorhydric acid 
 especially dissolving much of it. It is not altered 
 in these circumstances. (Dumas, TV.) Soluble 
 in 0.5 pt. of chlorhydric acid, of 1.158 sp.gr., at 
 23.3, forming a solution of 2.412 sp. gr. ; when 
 the temperature is allowed to fall a few degrees, 
 the solution suddenly becomes solid, from the 
 formation of a mass of crystals, which rapidly melt 
 when the containing vessel is held in the warm 
 hand. (J. Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, p. 361.) 
 More soluble in chlorhydric acid than in water, 
 one cubic inch of boiling concentrated chlorhy- 
 dric acid dissolving about 1000 grains of it. (J. 
 Davy [1812 ?], in Berzelius's Lehrb.) Abundantly 
 soluble, with combination, in cold chlorhydric 
 acid, the solution subsequently becoming solid 
 from the formation of crystals ; more soluble in 
 hot chlorhydric acid. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (2.) 34.343.) "It is commonly stated in sys- 
 tematic works that corrosive sublimate is soluble 
 in sulphuric and nitric acids as well as in chlor- 
 hydric acid. But from my experiments this does 
 not appear to be the case. ^L of a grain of Hg Cl 
 laving been added to 50 grains of nitric acid of 
 1.45 sp. gr., and the mixture heated for some time 
 at 32.2, the Hg Cl did not diminish in bulk, nor 
 did it appear to dissolve even at the boiling-point 
 of the acid, nor did the acid appear turbid on 
 ooling'; nor were any crystals deposited. A simi- 
 ar experiment was made with -^ of a grain of 
 
 Hg Cl and 63 grains of concentrated sulphuric 
 acid ; at 32.2 the sublimate did not dissolve, and 
 on the application of heat fumes appeared, the salt 
 rose through the acid, and a delicate crust of it 
 was formed in the cool part of the vessel. 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 169 
 
 (J. Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, p. 361.) More 
 readily soluble in nitric acid than in water, but 
 crystallizes out again when the solution is cooled 
 or evaporated. (Berzelius, Lelirb., 3. 845.) It is 
 not decomposed by monohydrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Millon, Ann. C/i. et Phys., (3.) 18. 373.) Solu- 
 ble in sulphuric, nitric, iodic and chromic acids, 
 without decomposition. (Millon, loc. cit., p. 390.) 
 Extremely difficultly soluble in nitric acid, which 
 moreover exerts no decomposing action upon it, 
 either when concentrated or dilute. (H. Wurtz, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 25. 381.) A saturated aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium at 15.5 is ca- 
 pable of dissolving very nearly its own weight of 
 Hg Cl, and the solution thus obtained is capable 
 of taking up more chloride of ammonium; thus 
 25.3 grains of a saturated solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, after having taken up 25.1 grains of 
 Hg Cl, dissolved 7 grains more of chloride of 
 ammonium. From this experiment it would ap- 
 pear that corrosive sublimate is about 17 times 
 more soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 ammonium than in water, and not 30 times, as is 
 stated by some authors. (J. Davy, loc. cit.) A 
 mixture of protochloride of mercury, chloride of 
 ammonium, and water containing 
 
 Is liquid 
 
 Water, 
 Grains. 
 
 N H 4 Cl, 
 Grains. 
 
 Hg Cl, 
 
 Grains. 
 
 9 . . '6.75 . . 34 . . 60 
 9 3.37 17 29.4* and 
 
 [solidifies at 12.7. 
 
 9 3.37 8.5 12.7t 
 
 9 . . 10.12 . . 25.5 about 40.5, and 
 [deposits some crystals at 15.5. 
 (J. Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, pp. 362, 363.) 
 * Sp. gr. of the solution = 1.98. 
 t " " 1.58. 
 
 1 pt. of a saturated aqueous solution of chloride 
 of sodium dissolves 1.289 pts. of HgClat 14 ; 
 that is, 23.9 times more than is dissolved by the 
 same quantity of water. This solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium saturated with chloride of mercury 
 can now take up a considerable quantity of chlo- 
 ride of sodium, a crystalline double salt subse- 
 quently separating. (Voit, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 104. 354.) A saturated aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium, composed of 20 grains of water 
 and 7 of salt, dissolved 32 grains of HgCl at 
 155; gently heated, 3 grains more were dissolved, 
 and remained in solution on cooling, but on a 
 further addition of Hg Cl, the solution formed by 
 heat deposited crystals on cooling. The solution 
 containing 35 grains of Hg Cl was of 2.14 sp. gr. 
 As with chloride of ammonium, the solubility of 
 chloride of sodium appears to be increased by 
 combining with corrosive sublimate, but in a less 
 degree. (J. Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, p. 364.) A 
 saturated aqueous solution of chloride of potas- 
 sium, formed of 21 grains of water and 7 grains of 
 chloride, of potassium, being gently heated, dis- 
 solved 8 grains of Hg Cl. On cooling to 15.5, 
 only a few crystals were deposited, but when 
 cooled to 10 it became nearly solid. (J. Davy, 
 loc. cit.) A saturated aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of barium, formed of 20 grains of water and 
 of 8.7 grains of crystallized chloride of barium, 
 dissolved 16 grains of Hg Cl at 15.5, and 4 
 grains more when gently heated ; on cooling, a 
 few crystals were deposited. The solution was 
 of 1.9 sp. gr. After standing for several hours 
 it deposited a small number of crystals. (J. 
 Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, pp. 363, 364".) A solu- 
 tion of chloride of magnesium, prepare* by neu- 
 tralizing with magnesia 31 grains of chlorhydric 
 acid of 1.58 sp. gr., dissolved 40 grains of Hg Cl, 
 22 
 
 and when gently heated 25 grains more. This 
 solution remained transparent on cooling, and was 
 of 2.83 sp. gr. When 5 grains more of Hg Cl 
 were added, these also were dissolved on heating, 
 but crystals separated when this solution was 
 cooled. (J. Davy, Phil. Trans., 1822, p. 364.) 
 Easily and abundantly soluble in a saturated cold 
 solution of chloride of potassium, but crystals i 
 begin to separate from the solution, unless 
 heated or diluted with water. If it be heated 
 50 (8) 60 a considerable quantity more of Hg ( 
 may be dissolved, but on cooling the solution 
 solidifies, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. pp. 
 123-128.) Soluble in a cold aqueous solution 
 of chloride of sodium, with combination, the com- 
 pound, Na Cl, 2 Hg CL + 4 Aq, crystallizing out 
 on evaporation. A hot solution of this compound 
 dissolves a considerable quantity of Hg Cl, but on 
 cooling this crystallizes out again as such. (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 128.) Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of the chlorides of manganese, 
 zinc, iron (Fe Cl), cobalt (CoCl), nickel, and 
 copper (Cu Cl). (Ibid., pp. 247-249.) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 a = Hg Cl, H Cl Decomposed by water. 
 b = Hg Cl, 2 H Cl Decomposed by water. (Boul- 
 lay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, 
 (2.) 34. pp. 343-345.) 
 
 III.) basic. Vid. OxyChloride of Mercury. 
 
 ProtoCHLORiDE OF MERCURY & OF NlCKEL. 
 
 I.) oblique rhombic prisms. Deliquescent. 
 II.) regular. Permanent. Crystallizes out before 
 No. 1. (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 249.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORiDE OF MERCURY & sesquichloride 
 OF OSMIUM. Soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 1006.) 
 
 OF MERCURY & OF PLATIN- 
 
 .. ( , (ous)6iAMiN. Easily solu- 
 
 HgCl ; N 2 JH 6 .Pt',Cl [^5 boiling, much less 
 
 soluble in cold water. In- 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Buckton, J. Ch. Soc., 
 5. 215.) 
 
 OF MERCURY ' & OF POTAS- 
 (C/iloroMercurate of Potassium.) 8IUM. 
 I.) K Cl ; Hg Cl + Aq Permanent. Soluble in 
 water. Very slowly sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 
 17. p. 126.) 
 
 II.) KC1; 2Hg Cl + 2 Aq Soluble in water. 
 Very slowly soluble 
 
 in alcohol, (v. Bonsdorff, loc. cit , pp. 125, 127.) 
 
 III.) K Cl ; 4 Hg Cl + 4 Aq Very easily soluble 
 
 in water, especially 
 
 when this is hot. A solution which is perfectly 
 clear at 18 deposits a large quantity of crystals at 
 15. Very slowly soluble in alcohol, (v. Bons- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. pp. 124, 128.) 
 
 Z>Z'CHLORIDE OF MERCURY & sesquichloride OF 
 RHODIUM. 
 
 J.) 2Hg 2 Cl; Kh 2 Cl, ) Insoluble in water. (Glaus, 
 IL) 3 Hg 2 Cl ; Rh 2 C1 3 J Beitriige, pp. 73, 23.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORiDE OF MERCURY & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) NaCl; HgCl Deliquescent. (Voit.) Easily 
 
 soluble in water. The solu- 
 
 tion being readily decomposed when evaporated. 
 
 II.) Na Cl ; 2 Hg Cl + 3 Aq Permanent. Solu- 
 
 ble in water, (v. 
 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 129.) Soluble 
 in 0.33 pt. of water at 15. (Schindler.) Ex- 
 ceedingly soluble in water, and alcohol. Soluble 
 in 275 pts. of ether. (Lassaigne.) 
 
170 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY & OF STIBETHY- 
 
 sh / rr HI n s n LIUM. Soluble in water, 
 Bb (0 4 H 6 ) 4 Cl , 3 Hg Cl Insoluble in 
 
 ether. (Loewig.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY & OF STRONTIUM. 
 Sr Cl ; Hg Cl + 2 Aq Permanent. Easily soluble in 
 
 water, (v. Bonsdorff.) 
 
 Di CHLORIDE OF MERCURY & protochloride OF 
 Hg 2 Cl ; S Cl SULPHUR. Decomposed by water to 
 Hg Cl, which dissolves, and sulphur. 
 (Capitaine.) 
 
 Z)/CHLORIDE OF MERCURY & OF TIN. De- 
 Hg 2 Cl;SnCl composed by water. (Capitaine.) 
 
 ProfoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY & OF YTTRIUM. 
 
 Appears to be deliquescent, (v. Bonsdorff, Poyg. 
 Ann., 1829, 17. 136.) 
 
 ProfoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY & OF ZlNC. 
 
 Very deliquescent, (v. Bonsdoiff, Poyq. Ann., 
 1829, 17. 248.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF MERCURY with BUTYL- 
 C, H 9 Hg S 2 ; Hg Cl, or, SULPHIDE OF 
 
 C 8 H 8 S 2 , 2 Hg Cl ; C 8 H 8 S 2 , Hg 2 S MERCURY. In- 
 
 soluble in alco- 
 
 hol or oil of turpentine. Entirely insoluble in 
 ether. Soluble in oil of coal-tar. (Anderson.) 
 
 ProfoCHLORiDE OF MERCURY with 6/CiiRO- 
 MATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) N H 4 0, 2 Cr 3 j HgCl + Aq ) Solu e ,. j" wa : 
 II. ) 3 (N H 4 0, 2 Cr 3 ) ; Hg Cl } *pr. ( Richmond 
 ' &Aoel.) 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with WZOoCHRO- 
 
 K 0, Cr 3 ; 2 Hg Cl MATE OF POTASH. Readily 
 soluble in water. Soluble in 
 dilute chlorhydric acid. (Darby, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 22.) 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with fo'CHRO- 
 
 KO,2Cr0 3 ; Hg Cl MATE OF POTASH. Readily 
 soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 cold water. Decomposed by absolute alcohol, and 
 ether. (Millon, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 18. 388.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with CONIIN. In- 
 
 C 18 H 15 N ; 4 HgCl soluble in water or ether. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Blyth, J. Ch, 
 
 Soc., 1. 355.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with CfiEATI- 
 NIN. Ppt. 
 
 P/'OtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY With prOtoC.YA- 
 
 HgCl; Hg Cy NiDE OF MERCURY. Permanent. 
 Readily soluble in water. (Liebig.) 
 Decomposed by strong alcohol, which dissolves 
 out the chloride of mercury. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3) 5. 181.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with CYANIDE OF 
 
 C 20 H 14 N 2 :4HgCl;2HgCy MERCURY, & NlCOTIN. 
 
 Easily soluble, without 
 
 decomposition, in cold or boiling water, and in 
 alcohol. Decomposed by chlorhydric acid. (Boe- 
 deker.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with ETHYLSINA- 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with GELATIN. 
 Soluble both in alkaline and neutral solutions of 
 iodide of potassium, and in most dilute acids. 
 (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Phys, (3.) 26. 221.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with GUANIN. Very 
 
 C 10 H 5 N 5 O a ; 2 Hg Cl + 5 Aq difficultly soluble in 
 
 water, and still less 
 
 soluble in alcohol. Easily soluble in acids, and in 
 an aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium. 
 (Neubauer & Kerner.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with IooiNE(of Las- 
 saigne). Is said not to exist. 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF MERCURY with/wodoDiDE 
 OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) HgCl;HgI Ppt. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (2.) 34/366.) 
 
 II.) 2 Hg Cl ; Hg I Soluble in water. (Liebig.) 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with LUTIDIN. 
 c u H 9 N ; 2 Hg Cl Somewhat soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter, with partial decomposition ; 
 more soluble in boiling alcohol, from which it 
 separates unchanged as the solution cools. (An- 
 derson.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with NICOTIN. 
 I.) C 20 H 14 N 2 ; 2 Hg Cl Insoluble in water or 
 ether. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Ortigosa.) 
 
 II.) CjjoIIuN,; 6 HgCl Sparingly soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. De- 
 composed by boiling water. Easily soluble in 
 weak chlorhydric acid. (Bcedeker.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF MERCURY with NITRATE 
 4 HgCl; N H 4 0, N0 5 OF MERCURY. Insoluble, or 
 nearly insoluble, in water. 
 Decomposed by ether, which dissolves out the 
 HgCl. (Kosniann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 
 240.) 
 
 P/OtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with ODMYL, &C. 
 
 C 8 H 8 S 2 , HgCl-, C 8 H 8 S 2 , Hg 2 S Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in some 
 
 hundred parts of boiling alcohol. About as solu- 
 ble in oil of turpentine as in alcohol ; but most 
 abundantly soluble in the most volatile oil of coal- 
 tar. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with OXIDE of CA- 
 2Hg Cl ; C 4 H 6 AsO CODYL. 100 pts. of water at 
 18 dissolve 0.21 pt. of it, and 
 at boiling 3.47 pts. Also soluble in alcohol ; 
 more in boiling than in cold. (Bunsen, Ann. Ch. 
 u.Pharm., 1841, 37. 47.) 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with OxYCHLO- 
 
 RIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF MERCURY with PHOSPHIDE 
 
 _ c TT OF MERCURY. Very slow- 
 
 3 Hg Cl ; P < Hg, + 3 Aq . , , J , 
 
 i e * ly decomposed by damp 
 
 air. Quickly decomposed 
 
 by boiling water. Also decomposed by acids and 
 alkalies. (H. Rose.) 
 P?-otoCHLORiDE OF MERCURY with PICOLIN. 
 
 (ChloroMercurate of Picolin.) Sparingly soluble in 
 
 C 12 H 7 N ; 2 Hg Cl cold, more soluble in 
 
 warm water. The 
 
 aqueous solution is decomposed when boiled for 
 some time. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. Easily soluble in dilute chlorhydric 
 acid. (Anderson.) Soluble in 10 pts. of boiling 
 water. Soluble in warm, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol, and ether. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with QUINOLEIN. 
 2 Hg Cl , C 18 H, N Readily soluble in hot water, 
 from which it separates on cool- 
 ing. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SELENIOCYA- 
 
 Hg C 2 N Se 2 ; Hg Cl NIDE OF MERCURY. Scarcely 
 
 soluble in cold, rather more 
 
 readily soluble in hot water. Very soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Very soluble, with slight decomposition, 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 171 
 
 in dilute chlorhydric acid. (Crookes, J. Ch. Soc., 
 4.16.) 
 CHLORIDE or MERCURY with SINAMIN. Ppt. 
 
 (C 6 H 3 
 N < C, N ; 2 Hg Cl 
 
 <H 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with STRYCHNINE. 
 C 42 H 22 N 2 4 ; 2 Hg Cl Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 or ether. Soluble in sul- 
 phuric acid. (Abel & Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 
 258.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY With SULPHATE 
 
 + OF AMMONIA. 
 
 HgCl;(NH 4 0,HgO,6Quin),US0 3 MERCURY, AND 
 
 QUININE. Ra- 
 ther difficultly soluble in water; more easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Kosmann, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 
 27. 250.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF MERCURY with SULPHATE 
 
 2 Hg Cl ; C 42 H 22 N 2 O 4 , H S 4 OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE 
 
 2Hg Cl; 3 Cu S; 2 Hg 8 OK COPPER & OF MERCURY. 
 Permanent. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter, or in chlorhydric acid. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in aqua-regia. Decomposed by an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE 
 
 HgCl; C 4 H 5 S OF ETHYL. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold water or alcohol ; easily sol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol. Easily soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold ether or wood-spirit. (A. Loir, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 441.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 
 ., Hg ) q ETHYL & OF MERCURY. Diffi- 
 
 rl C 4 H,f^ culty soluble in water, alcohol, 
 
 or ether. Only slightly acted 
 
 upon by nitric acid. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 Hg Cl ; C 2 H 3 S METHYL. Soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold alco- 
 hol, ether, and wood-spirit. (Loir, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 39. 449.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE 
 
 Hg Cl ; 2 Hg S OF MERCURY. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter, even boiling, or in hot or cold 
 dilute or concentrated sulphuric, nitric, or chlor- 
 hydric acids. Decomposed by boiling nitric acid. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 
 3 Hg Cl ; C 8 H 5 Hg S 2 MERCUR(ZC)ALLYL. Insol- 
 
 uble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 
 Hg Cl ; C 4 H B Hg S 2 MERCUR(zc)ETHYL. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in water, 
 
 alcohol, and ether. Somewhat soluble in boiling 
 
 alcohol. (Debus.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHITE OF 
 3HgCl; 2(NH 4 O, S 2 ) AMMONIA. Somewhat sol- 
 uble in cold, decomposed 
 
 by boiling water. (Pean de St. Gilles, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 36. 95.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHOCARBA- 
 
 (Xanthamylamid.) MATE OF AMYL. Insolu- 
 
 4 Hg Cl ; Cj-j H 13 N 2 S 2 ble in water, by which it 
 
 is slowly decomposed. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in cold, but more soluble 
 in boiling alcohol, and ether. (M. W. Johnson, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 5. 147.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with TARTRATE OF 
 
 HgCl; 2 C 8 II 5 K 12 -f- 6 Aq POTASH. Difficultly 
 soluble in water. 
 Kosmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 245.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with THIOSINAMIN. 
 c, N 2 S 2 H 8 ; 4 Hg Cl Ppt. Soluble in acetic acid. 
 
 (Will.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF MERCURY with UREA. Diffi- 
 2 HgCl; C 2 H 4 N 2 2 cultly soluble in cold, decom- 
 posed by boiling water. Sol- 
 uble in boiling absolute alcohol, from which it 
 separates on cooling. (Neubauer & Kerner, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 101.326.) 
 
 CHLORIDK OF MESITYI^ Insoluble, or very 
 C 6 H 5 Cl sparingly soluble, ur^pter. Soluble in 
 alcohol. (Kane.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYL. 
 
 (Methylic Chloride. Hydrochloric Methyl Ether. CUorhy- 
 rlrate. nf Methylene.) 
 C 2 H s Cl 
 
 1 volume of 
 
 water at 7 dissolves 5.304 vols. of it. 
 
 " 14 " 4.172 " 
 
 " 20 " 3.462 " 
 
 " 25 " 3.034 " 
 
 At 6 a crystalline hydrate is formed. (Baeyer, 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 103. 183.) 1 vol. of water 
 
 at 16 dissolves 2.8 vols. of it. (Dumas & Peli- 
 
 got.) Soluble in about ^ volume of water. (Ber- 
 
 thelot, loc. inf. cit.) Abundantly soluble in alco- 
 
 hol ; somewhat less soluble in ether. (Bunsen.) 
 
 Soluble in about JU- volume of absolute alcohol ; 
 
 and, without decomposition, in ^ volume of gla- 
 
 cial acetic acid. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3 ) 52. 100.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF n'METHYLAcETOs[AcETOYL]- 
 
 ( Chloride of tri Methyl Vinylammonium.) AMMONIUM. 
 
 C 10 
 
 N Cl = N 
 
 CHLORIDE OF fctfraMETHYLAMMONiuM. Hy- 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 Cl groscopic. 
 CHLORIDE and IODIDE OF 
 
 NIUM. 
 
 I.) bichloride. Soluble, with partial decom- 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 , C1 2 1 position, in water, especially when 
 this is warm. 
 
 II.) terchloride. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 , C1 3 1 in water. ( Weltzien.) 
 
 III.) quadrichloride. 
 N(C 2 H 3 ) 4 , C1 4 I 
 
 IV.) quinquichloride. Soluble in water; not 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 , C1 5 1 removed therefrom by ether. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYLcWonf. Vid. Chloride 
 of ChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYLCINCHONIN. Soluble 
 in water. (Stahlschmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 221.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYLENE. Insoluble, or but 
 C 2 H 2 C1 2 sparingly soluble, in water. (Buttlerow.) 
 
 "fit'CHLORIDE OF METHYLENE." Vid. Chlo- 
 
 ride of monoChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYIX/J'ETHYLAMYLAMMO- 
 c to H], ) NIUM. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF METHYLTUNGSTEN. Soluble 
 in water. (Riche.) 
 
 OF MOLYBDENUM. There are 
 
172 
 
 CHLOEIDES. 
 
 Mo Cl two isomeric compounds, one of which is 
 soluble, the other insoluble, in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 .^CHLORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Deliquescent. 
 Mo C1 2 Soluble in water, with evolution of so 
 much heat that the liquid boils. When 
 the aqueous solution is exposed to the air. oxida- 
 tion ensues. 
 
 TerCiiLORiDE OP MOLYBDENUM. Soluble in 
 Mo C1 3 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORiDE OP MOLYBDENUM & OF PO- 
 TASSIUM. Efflorescent. Partially soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TerCiiLORiDE OF MOLYBDENUM with Mo- 
 2Mo0 3 ; Mo C1 3 LYBDic ACID. Easily and com- 
 pletely soluble even in a small 
 quantity of water. Also soluble in alcohol. (H. 
 Rose, in Berzelius' s Lehrb., 3. 1035.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NAPHTHALIN. Insoluble in 
 
 (Subchioride of Nap hthalin.) water. Soluble in all 
 
 C 20 H 8 ", C1 2 proportions in ether ; 
 
 less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 BJ'CHLORIDE OF NAPHTHALIN. 
 
 CTT O ("11 
 20 **! * ^'2 
 
 I.) Modification a. Insoluble in water. Scarce- 
 ly at all soluble in cold, and only very slightly 
 soluble in boiling alcohol ; somewhat more 
 soluble in ether. Tolerably soluble in ether at 
 100 (in a sealed tube). Very soluble in boil- 
 ing, almost insoluble in cold oil of petroleum. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 II.) Modification /?. Very easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, ether, and oil of petroleum. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in water, with evolution 
 Ni Cl of heat. Immediately after sublimation, 
 before it has been exposed to the air, it 
 dissolves very slowly, and only after long-con- 
 tinued boiling in water. (Fellenberg.) Soluble in 
 alcohol. Slowly soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 Even hot chlorhydric acid dissolves the sublimed 
 chloride with difficulty. (Proust.) 
 b = Ni Cl + 9 Aq Deliquesces or effloresces ac- 
 cording as the air is moist or 
 dry. Soluble in 1.5 2 pts. of cold water. Ea- 
 sily soluble in alcohol. (Tupputi.) Difficultly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 658.) 
 
 II.) basic. Difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE op NICKEL with CYANIDE OF MER- 
 Ni Cl; 2HgCy + 7 Aq CURY. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NICKEL&Z'AMIN. Soluble in wa- 
 N \ H N" Cl * er ' *^ e so ' ut ' n undergoing decom- 
 * j ' lf position when boiled. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Erdmann.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NICKEL^-AMIN. Partially sol 
 AT S w M- n uble, with decomposition, in wa- 
 ,},*! ter. (H. Rose.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NITRANISYL. Decomposes in 
 C 16 H e N0 8 Cl moist air. Decomposed by alcohol 
 (Cahours.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NITROBENZOYL. Insoluble in 
 (ChloroNitroBenzoyi.') water, but is gradually decom 
 C 14 H 4 (N 4 ) 2) Cl posed thereby. Decomposed 
 at once by alcohol, and wood- 
 spirit. Soluble in ether, without alteration even 
 on boiling. (Cahours.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NITROGEN. Gradually decom- 
 N C1 3 poses when in contact with water. (Ot. Gr.) 
 Miscible with bisulphide of carbon, tcrchlo- 
 ride of phosphorus, and protochloride of sulphur; 
 With alcohol, and ether, it forms compounds in- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Pelouze & Fremy.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF NiTRoMETHYLcA/or Vid. 
 Chloride of ChloroNitro Methyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ?W'NITROMETHYLENE. Vid. 
 Chloride of perChloroftt'NitroMethyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF WNiTRoPnENYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (BiNitroChloroBenzene. BiNitroChloro- water. Spar- 
 Phenile. Chlorhydroph&iide binitre.) inrrlv r>lnKlA 
 
 fi rj /vr f\ \ f-ii " fov OUIUU1D 
 
 ^ 12 H 8 (N0 4 ) 2 C1 in cold, some- 
 
 what more soluble in warm alcohol. (Laurent & 
 Gerhardt. ) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF /erNiTRoPnENYL. Decomposed 
 (Chloride of Picryl. by water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Pisani.) 
 
 8 "2 (." "4/3 
 
 CHLORIDE OF OCTYL. 
 
 Insoluble in water. 
 
 ( Chloride of Capryl. CMorcapryl. Very Sparingly sol- 
 Caprylchlorhydric Ether.) uble in alcoho l. 
 
 C H C1 (Bouis.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CENANTHYL. Decomposed by 
 
 (Hydride of Chlor CEnanthyl.) water. (Cahours.) 
 C 14 H 1S 2 C1 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CENANTHYLENE. Insoluble in 
 C:uH 14 ", C1 2 water. (Limpricht.) 
 
 ProtoCnLORiDE OP OSMIUM. Hygroscopic. It 
 Os Cl requires only a very small quantity of water 
 for its solution, but the aqueous solution 
 can only exist in a very concentrated state, and if 
 to such a solution there is added only a very little 
 more water than is necessary tp dissolve the chlo- 
 ride, the solution becomes cloudy, and osmium is 
 reduced. A large quantity of water decomposes 
 the solution at once with precipitation of metallic 
 osmium, while osmic and chlorhydric acids remain 
 in solution. If decomposition has once been com- 
 menced, by the addition of a small quantity of wa- 
 ter it continues gradually. Soluble in concentrated 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline chlorides, with 
 combination and partial decomposition. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 SesquiCuLOiiiDE OF OSMIUM. Not known 
 Os 2 Cl 3 except in combination. 
 
 Z&'CHLORIDE OF OSMIUM. Soluble in a small 
 Os C1 2 quantity of water, but is decomposed by 
 much water, like the protochloride. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF OSMIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 Much more soluble in water than in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 ASeSgUt'CHLORIDE OF OSMIUM & OF -PoTAS- 
 
 SIUM. Slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF OSMIUM & OF ZlNC. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 1006.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PALLAD^'AMIN. Easily soluble 
 NH.Pd,Cl + Aq in water. (Fehling.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PALLADAMMONIUM. 
 
 (Ammonia Chloride of Palladium.') 
 
 I.) red. Insoluble in cold, soluble, with decom- 
 N \ H 5 Cl position, in boiling water. Slowly 
 
 f p( *' s soluble in cold, quickly soluble in 
 warm water acidulated with chlorhydric acid. 
 Easily soluble in concentrated chlorhydric or nitric 
 acids. Soluble in ammonia only after continuous 
 boiling. (Fischer; Fehling.) 
 
 II.) yellow. Insoluble in boiling water. (Fischer.) 
 
CHLORIDES 
 
 173 
 
 On' boiling with water, and then allowing the 
 whole to cool during several hours, one part of 
 the compound remains dissolved in 382 pts. of 
 water when the temperature has fallen to 16. 
 (Latnpadius.) Sparingly soluble in chlorhydric 
 or nitric acids, and this only when heated. Easily 
 soluble in a cold solution of ammonia. (Fischer.) 
 Much more soluble than the red compound in a 
 cold solution of ammonia. (Fehling.) 
 
 /^'CHLORIDE or PALLADIUM. Deliquescent. 
 (Sub Chloride Soluble in water and in aqueous 
 ^Palladium.-) solutions of chloride of ammonium, 
 iodide of potassium, or of caustic 
 ammonia, with separation of some metallic palla- 
 dium (about ^ or ^ of that contained in the di- 
 chloride) in either case. The clear aqueous solu- 
 tion, which consists of a mixture of proto and di- 
 chloride, is rendered turbid when diluted with more 
 water. (Kane, Phil. Trans., 1842, p. 281.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Slowly but completely soluble in 
 Pdd water. (Fellenberg.) Slightly soluble in 
 water. Much more readily soluble in 
 water acidulated with chlorhydric acid. (Vauque- 
 lin.) Alcohol precipitates from the aqueous solu- 
 tion a basic salt, while an acid salt remains dis- 
 solved. 
 
 b = hydrated. Very deliquescent. (Kane, Phil. 
 PdCl + 2A<i Trans., 1842, p. 280.) It combines 
 with basic metallic chlorides, form- 
 ing salts easily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. OxyChloride of Palladium. 
 
 .BCHLORIDE or PALLADIUM. Known only in 
 acid solution and in combination. 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF PALLADIUM & OP X. Vid. 
 
 ChloroPalladite of X. 
 
 BZ'CHLORIDE OF PALLADIUM & OF X. Vid. 
 ChloroPalladiate of X. 
 
 OF PELARGONENE. 
 
 (Bichloride ofNonylene.) ., 
 GIB H 18 , C1 2 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PELARGTL. Decomposed by 
 C 18 H 17 2 , Cl alcohol. (Cahours, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 
 241.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PHENOYLBENZOICYL. Fumes 
 
 (Chloride of Benzanilidyl.) 
 
 r H N PI N$r 12 H 4 
 
 ^26 "10 J> ^1 = JN < l^ 14 U B 
 
 I H 
 
 j n the air. Decom 
 
 posed by water, and 
 
 r , . , > _ . ' . 
 
 alcohol. Easily sol- 
 uble, without decom- 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 position, in dry ether. 
 Phys., (3.) 53. 307.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PHENYL. Insoluble as such in 
 (Chlorhydrophenid. wat er. Water, and especially 
 CUoroBenzene.) & SQ \ u ^ m of Caustic potash, 
 soon decomposes it. (Laurent 
 & Gerhardt.) Soluble in alcohol, and ether. In- 
 soluble in ammonia-water. Partially soluble in 
 cold, easily in a hot solution of caustic potash. 
 (Schrugham, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 238.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PHENTLACONITIN. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PHENYLSULPHUROUS ACID. 
 C 12 H a S 2 4 Cl Insoluble in water. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PHLORETTL. Decomposed by 
 c is H 9 4 , Cl water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PHORTL. Soluble in alcohol. 
 c,,H 13> ci (Lies-Bodard.) 
 
 TerCnLORiDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Slowly sol- 
 (ProtoCMorure u bl e in water, with decomposition. 
 PC1 3 OSP (H. Davy.) Abundantly soluble 
 in Kremers's compound of sul- 
 phurous acid and pentachloride of phosphorus 
 (PC1 6 + 2S0 2 ). 
 
 (P 
 D 
 
 OF PHOSPHORUS. Decom- 
 PentaMoride of Phosphorus. pos ed b% water, with 
 
 eutocUorurede Phosphore.) Jvolutio^tt|at. Solu- 
 ble in KrewjJ^s's com- 
 
 pound of sulphurous acid and pentachloride of 
 phosphorus (P C1 6 + 2 S 2 ). 
 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in warm chlo- 
 ride of benzoyl, from which solution it separates on 
 cooling. (Gerhardt.) Somewhat soluble, without 
 decomposition, in bisulphide of carbon. (Schiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 118.) "Chloride of 
 Phosphorus " is soluble in bisulphide of carbon. 
 (Corenwinder, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 243.) 
 Easily soluble in oil of turpentine, with evolution 
 of heat. 
 
 Easily soluble in caoutchin. (Himly.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PHOSPHORUS & OF SULPHUR. 
 Vid. Sulpho-perChloride of Phosphorus. 
 
 TerCnLOHiDE OF PHOSPHORUS with CYANIDE 
 C 4 H 3 N, P C1 3 OF METHYL. Decomposed by 
 water. (Hencke.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PICRYL. Vid. Chloride of ter- 
 NitroPhenyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATIN(OMS)&?AMIN. 
 (Chlorhydrate of diPlatosamine, Ammonioproto Chloride 
 of Platinum.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Absorbs one equivalent of water 
 N 2 \ H a . Pt, Cl from the air very rapidly. Solu- 
 ble in 4 pts. of water at 16.5; 
 and more soluble in boiling water. Alcohol and 
 ether precipitate from it the aqueous solution. 
 (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. pp. 419, 420.) 
 Exceedingly easily soluble in water, and about as 
 readily in an aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium. Insoluble in absolute alcohol, and only 
 very sparingly soluble in ordinary alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid. (Peyrone, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. pp. 196-198.) As 
 prepared by Reiset's method (solution of the chlo- 
 ride of Platin(ous)amin & of Platinum [green 
 salt of Magnus] in boiling ammonia-water, and 
 subsequent crystallization), Peyrone found- it a 
 little less readily soluble in water, and alcohol 
 than when prepared by the action of ammonia 
 upon an aqueous solution of protochloride of pla- 
 tinum. (Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 12. 207.) This 
 is to be attributed to the presence of impurities. 
 6 = hydrated. Permanent. (Reiset, toe. cit.) 
 NjJHg.Pt.Cl-f Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATIN(OMS)WAMIN & OF PLA- 
 
 (GreenSalt of Magnus. Chloro- TINUM. Insoluble in, 
 
 Platinate ofdiPlatosamine.') an( j j g not decom- 
 
 N 2 1 H 6 . Pt, Cl ; Pt Cl posed by, water, al- 
 
 cohol, or chlorhydric 
 
 acid. (Magnus.) Completely insoluble in water. 
 (Gros, Ann. der Pharm., 1838, 27. 242.) Soluble, 
 after long-continued boiling, in an aqueous so- 
 lution of caustic ammonia, with combination 
 (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11.418 ; Peyrone, 
 Ibid., (3.) 12. 206), and in concentrated solutions 
 of ammoniacal salts, as the nitrate, sulphate, or 
 chlorhydrate, from which solutions the yellow 
 chloride of platin(ous)ammoninm is deposited on 
 cooling. (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 427.) 
 Almost as easily soluble in a boiling aqueous 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia as in caustic 
 ammonia, but some carbonate of platin(ous)- 
 
174 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 biarain is liable to separate out. (Peyrone, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 207.) Also soluble in a 
 boiling aqueous solution of bichloride of platinum, 
 from which solution chloroplatinate of platin(ous)- 
 biamin separates on cooling. (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 11. 429.) It is not in the least de- 
 composed by boiling with aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies ; or by boiling dilute chlorhydric 
 or sulphuric acids, in both of which it is com- 
 pletely insoluble. Easily decomposed by nitric 
 acid. (Gros, Ann. der Pharm., 27. 245.) 
 
 CHLORIDE or PLATIN(OS)&Z'AMIN & proto- 
 chloride OF TIN. Ppt. Easily soluble in a warm 
 aqueous solution of protochloride of tin. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATIN(OMS)&IAMIN & bichloride 
 OF TIN. Insoluble in alcohol or chlorhydric 
 acid. (Buckton, /. Ck. Soc., 5. 219.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATIN(OWS)&IAMIN & OF ZINC. 
 
 N, j H 6 . Pt, Cl; Zn Cl Vei 7 readily soluble in water, 
 
 from which it is precipitated 
 
 on the addition of alcohol. (Buckton, J. Ch. Soc.. 
 
 5.217.) 
 
 Z?Z'CHLORIDE OF PLATIN(ZC)AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) N H3 C1 2 Insoluble in cold, decomposed by 
 ' Pt boiling water. Also decomposed 
 by much washing. (Kane, Phil. Trans., 1842, 
 p. 300.) Insoluble in cold, very slightly soluble 
 in boiling water, or in water acidulated with chlor- 
 hydric acid. By boiling with ammonia-water it is 
 converted into chloride of ammoniumchloroplatin- 
 (ous)ammonium (Gros's Chloride). Soluble in 
 a boiling aqueous solution of caustic potash, with- 
 out evolving ammonia. 
 
 II.) ( N Jpt s . ) Soluble in wa ter. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF CKPLATIN(ZC)AMMONIUM. Very 
 soluble in water. (Gcrhardt, in his Traittf, 4. 
 620 (note).) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATIN(OUS)AMMONIUM. There 
 (Chloride of Platosammonium. are several isomeric 
 CUorhydrate of Plaiommine.) modifications of this 
 N { Pt' C1 compound. 
 
 a.) (yellow.) Soluble in boiling, but almost insol- 
 uble in cold water. Very easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water, with combination. 
 (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. pp. 427, 428.) 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, somewhat more soluble 
 in boiling water. Very sparingly soluble in chlor- 
 hydric and sulphuric acids, but finally dissolves 
 without alteration. Much more easily soluble, 
 with decomposition, in nitric acid, and in ammo- 
 nia-water than the green modification (y). Scarce- 
 ly at all acted upon at the ordinary temperature 
 by monohydrated sulphuric acid, but on heating 
 the mixture, decomposition ensues. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline carbonates. 
 (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. pp. 193- 
 195, 200.) When prepared directly (as by drop- 
 ping potash lye into a solution of protochloride of 
 platinum neutralized with carbonate of ammonia 
 at 13) it is soluble in about 33 pts. of boiling 
 water. But when prepared by reduction it re- 
 quires nearly 140 pts. of boiling water to dissolve 
 it. (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 61. 180.) 
 p.) red. 
 
 1st variety. Insoluble in cold water. Decom- 
 posed by boiling water, with separa- 
 tion of metallic platinum. Soluble in nitric acid. 
 Ammonia converts it into the green modifica- 
 tion (y). (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 
 464.) 
 
 2d variety. Tolerably soluble in cold and much 
 more easily in boiling water, without 
 decomposition. With nitric acid, and with ammo- 
 nia it behaves like the 1st variety. (Peyrone, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 465.) 
 y.) green. Vid. Chloride of Platin(ous)it'amin & 
 
 of Platinum. 
 
 d.) orange-red. Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 water, and in about 50 pts. of 
 boiling water. Readily soluble in boiling ammo- 
 nia-water, without passing into the green modifica- 
 tion. Decomposed by nitric acid. (Peyrone, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 467.) Much more 
 easily attacked by a solution of sulphite of ammo- 
 nia than the green modif. (y). (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 61. 179.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF (a) PLATIN(OUS)AMMONIUM with 
 
 N j pf, 01; 2 (N H 4 0, S 2 ) : SULPHITE OF AM- 
 
 MONIA & OF PLA- 
 N 3 ] H 3 . Pt, 0, HO, 2 S 2 + 2 Aq T lN(os)6zAMlN. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATIN(OUS)AMMONIUM with 
 
 N \ & Cl ; N 2 \ H 6 . Pt 0, H 0, 2 S 2 + 2 Aq S u L ' 
 
 PHIT B 
 OF PLA- 
 
 TIN(OS)WAMIN. 
 
 P?'OtoCHLORIDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 Pt Cl There are two modifications : 
 a.) green modif. Permanent. Insoluble in water, 
 and cannot be moistened by 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Insoluble in water, 
 or in a mixture of 2 pts. of alcohol and 1 pt. of 
 ether. Soluble in ammonia- water. (Reiset, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 476, & (3.) 11. pp. 417,418.) 
 Insoluble in water. (Raewsky, Ann. Ch.et Phys., 
 (3.) 22. 280.) Insoluble in alcohol of 38. Un- 
 acted on in the cold by a somewhat concentrated 
 aqueous solution of iodide of potassium, but on 
 heating the mixture, combination ensues with 
 formation of an insoluble salt. (Lassaigne, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. 117.) Not decom- 
 posed by boiling sulphuric or nitric acids, but 
 gradually dissolves in boiling concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid, the solution containing nothing but 
 protochloride. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Soluble in 
 boiling aqua-regia with formation of bichloride ; if 
 air be present, chlorhydric acid also converts it 
 into bichloride. (Gm.) 
 
 /?.) brown modif. Insoluble in water. Very easily 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 being much more easily soluble than the green 
 modification. (Magnus.) Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of bichloride of platinum. (H.Rose, Tr.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. OxyChloride of Platinum. 
 
 OF PLATINUM. Hygroscopic. 
 Pt C1 2 & + 8 Aq Soluble in water, with evolution 
 
 of heat. (Dumas, Tr.) Soluble 
 in water ; also in alcohol, with gradual decom- 
 position. Readily soluble in ether, the solution 
 undergoing decomposition when exposed to day- 
 light. (Gehlen.) Soluble in a mixture of 2 
 pts. of alcohol and 1 pt. ether, but is liable to be 
 reduced to a slight extent, when treated therewith, 
 a small quantity of protochloride of platinum 
 being formed. (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et -Phys., (3.) 
 5. 476.) When dry it is quickly and abundantly 
 soluble 1 in anhydrous acetone, with subsequent 
 decomposition. (Zeise, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 
 33. 34.) Insoluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 PrO/oCHLORIDE OF PLATINUM & OF X. Vid. 
 
 ChloroPlatinite of X. 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 175 
 
 BI'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM & OF X. Vid. 
 ChloroPlatinate of X. 
 
 SZ'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with CYANIDE OF 
 C 6 H 5 N ; Pi C1 2 ETHYL. Instantly decomposed 
 by water and by alcohol. It can- 
 not be recrystallized from ether. (Henke.) 
 
 /^'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with GLYCOCOLL. 
 C 4 H 5 N 3 , Pt C1 2 + 2 Aq Soluble in water. Only 
 sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Horsford.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF PLATINUM with prot- 
 IODIDE OF PLATINUM. Insoluble in water. 
 Slightly soluble in alcohol. Soluble in a solution 
 of caustic potash, from which it is precipitated, 
 unchanged, by sulphuric acid. (Mather.) 
 
 .BJ'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with LOPHIN. Ppt. 
 4 C 42 H n N 2 ; 3 Pt C1 2 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with METHYL- 
 
 AMIN. Vid. Chlorhydrate of e?t'MethylPlatin(ous)- 
 6/amin. 
 
 OF PLATINUM with NITRIC 
 OXIDE. Deliquescent. Decomposed by water. 
 (Rogers & Boye.) 
 
 fii'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with ODMYL, &C. 
 
 C 8 H 8 Sj, Pt CI 2 ; C 8 H 8 S 2 , Pt 8 Ppt. ( Anderson. ) 
 
 Z?/CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with /H'PHENYL- 
 C M H 1B N, Pt C1 2 (?) AMIN. Ppt. in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with PICOLIN. Sol- 
 uble in boiling, much less soluble in cold water. 
 (Unverdorben.) 
 
 ProtoCiiLORiDE OF PLATINUM with STRYCH- 
 NINE. Difficultly soluble in water. (Abel & 
 Nicholson, J. Ch.'Soc., 2. 262.) 
 
 Bi CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with SULPHIDE 
 
 C 8 H 10 S 2 ; Pt Cl a OF ETHYL. Very soluble in boil- 
 
 ing, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 Water precipitates it from the alcoholic solution. 
 
 (Loir, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 446.) 
 
 Ifc'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with SULPHIDE OF 
 
 C 4 H 6 S 2 ; Pt C1 2 METHYL. Soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. (Loir, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 450.) 
 
 Z?I'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with XANTHAMYL- 
 AMID. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble, in 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Proto- and &CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM with 
 
 , Cj S 2 
 PtCl; N?C 4 H 5 .0,HO;PtCl 2 ; N 
 
 . 8." XAN 
 
 THO- 
 GEN- 
 
 AMID (Hydrate of SulphoCarbonylEthylammonium). 
 Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. Unacted 
 upon by potash, or by nitric or chlorhydric acids. 
 Slightly attacked by warm concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. Easily soluble in aqua-regia. (Debus.) 
 
 ZJl'CHLORIDE OF PLATINUMfrz'PHENYLAMMO- 
 
 N \ ( C i2 H s)a ci NIUM. Permanent. Readily 
 
 ( pt soluble in water and in hydrated 
 
 alcohol. (Gcessmann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 
 63.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATINUM PYRIDIN. Vid. Bi- 
 Chlorhydrate of PlatinoPyridin. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PLATOS AMMONIUM. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Platin(ous) ammonium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF <ft'PLUMBic<n'ETHYL. Insolu- 
 Pb 2 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 , Cl ble in water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Buckton.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM. Permanent. Sol- 
 K Cl uble in water, with reduction of tempera- 
 ture. Soluble in 3.01 6 pts. of water at 1 5. 
 (Gerlach's determination, see his table of sp. grs., 
 
 below.) Soluble in 3.03 pts. of water at 17.5 ; or, 
 100 pts. of water at 17.5 dissolve 33 pts. of it ; or, 
 the aqueous solution saturated at 17.5 contains 
 24.8% of it and is of 1.1729 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 at C. 
 
 Dissolve pts. 
 of K Cl. 
 
 
 
 19.35 
 52.39 
 79.58 
 
 29.21 
 34.53 
 43.59 
 50.93 
 
 109.60 59.26 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) U. 308.) 
 The equation of the curve of the solubility of 
 chloride of potassium is y = 0.2738 x + 29.23. 
 (Gay-Lussac, loc. cit., (2.) 11. 309.) 100 pts. of 
 water dissolve parts of the salt 29.23 + 0.2738 T. 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 261.) 
 
 By direct experiment Kopp found that 100 pts. 
 of water dissolved of the salt 
 at 11.8 34.6 pts.; by the formula this would be 32.5 
 '' 13.8 34.9 " " " " " 33.0 
 
 '15.6 35 " " " " " 33.5 
 
 In other words, 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 
 2.89 pts. of water at 11.8; in 2.87 pts. at 13.8; 
 and in 2.85 pts. at 15.6. (Kopp.) The boiling- 
 point of the saturated aqueous solution is 110 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43) ; 108.3, and the 
 solution contains 59.4% of the salt. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb. 3. 93.) The solution saturated at 17.5 
 contains 24.95% of the salt; or, 100 pts. of water 
 dissolve 33.24 pts. of the salt at 17.5; or, 1 pt. of 
 the salt is soluble in 3.008 pts. of water at 17.5. 
 The sp. gr. of this solution = 1.1635. (Karsten, 
 Berlin AbhandL, 1 840, p. 101 .) 100 pts. of water at 
 12 dissolve 32 pts. of it, and at 100 59.4 pts. (Ot. 
 Gr.) Soluble in 3 pts. of water at a moderate tem- 
 perature, and in 2 pts. of boiling water (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 179) ; in 3.33 pts. of water, either hot 
 or cold (Fourcroy ) ; in 3 pts. of water at 15 ; and 
 in 1.68 pts. at 110. The solution saturated at 
 15 contains 25% of it, and the solution saturated 
 at 110 contains 37.2%. (M. R. & P.) Soluble 
 in 3.5 pts. of water at 0, and in less than 1 pt. of 
 hot water. (Schubarth, Tech. Chem.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 30.7-33.0 pts. of it. (Ure's 
 Diet.) The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is 
 of 1.180949 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in 
 every 100 pts. of water, at least 35.405 pts. of the 
 salt. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 41. pp. 478, 482.) 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at any tempera- 
 ture contains 25% of it (Fourcroy) ; at 12.5, 30 5% 
 of it. (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) 
 An aqueous solu- Contains An aqueous solu- Contains 
 tion of sp. gr., at per cent tion of sp. gr., at per cent 
 15(sp. gr. of wa- of K Cl. 15(sp. gr. of wa ' of K Cl. 
 ter at 15 = 1) ter at 15 = 1) 
 
 1.00650 . . 1 1.09345 . . 14 
 
 1.01300 2 1.10036 15 
 
 1.01950 3 1.10750 
 
 1.02600 4 1.11465 
 
 1.03250 5 1.12179 
 
 1.03916 6 1.12894 19 
 
 1.04582 7 1.13608 20 
 
 1.05248 8 1.14348 
 
 1.05914 9 1-15088 22 
 
 1.06580 10 1.158-28 23 
 
 1.07271 H 1.16568 24 
 
 1.07962 12 1.17234 . . 24.9* 
 
 1.08654 . . 13 
 
 (Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, Freiberg, 
 1859, pp. 9, 10.) 
 
 * Moiher liquor. 
 
176 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experiment) 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed in 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 17.5) per cent of K Cl. 
 
 a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, hav- 
 
 1 0170 2.75 
 
 
 
 ing been 100.25. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 1.0360 5.50 
 
 1835, (2.) 59. 432.) An aqueous solution con- 
 
 1.0529 8.25 
 
 taining 10% of KCI boils at 101.1; one of 20% 
 
 1.0730 11.00 
 
 boils at 103.4. (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzloe- 
 
 1.1115 16. SO 
 1 1729 24.75 
 
 sungen, p. 94.) Scarcely at all soluble in absolute 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 340.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the following 
 
 alcohol. Somewhat difficutly soluble in spirit. 
 (Fresenius, Quant., p. 120.) 
 
 table by means of the formula, D = 1 + 0.006217 
 
 100 pts. of 
 
 p 4. 0.00003574 p 2 0.00000018 p 8 ; in which 
 
 alcohol of 0.900 sp. gr. dissolve 4.62 pts. of it. 
 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p the percent- 
 
 " 0.872 " " 1.66 " 
 
 age of substance in the solution. 
 
 " 0.834 " " 0.38 " 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains An aqueous solu- Contains 
 tion of sp. gr. percent tion of sp. gr. per cent 
 
 " 0.817 " " 0.00 " 
 (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274 [T.J.) 
 
 (at 17.5) of K Cl. (at 17.5) of K Cl. 
 1 0062 1 1.0866 . 13 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) Contains 
 
 
 in alcohol of per cent 
 
 1.0125 2 1.0937 14 
 
 Sp. gr. Per cent of K Cl. 
 
 1.0189 3 1.1008 15 
 
 by weight 
 
 1.0254 4 1.1080 16 
 
 1 000 . . . . . . 24.6 
 
 1.0319 5 1.1152 17 
 
 8.5 20.4 
 
 1.0385 6 1.1225 . 18 
 
 0.986 10 19.8 
 
 1.0451 7 1.1298 19 
 
 17.4 16.0 
 
 1.0518 8 1.1372 20 
 
 0.972 20 14.7 
 
 1.0586 9 1.1446 21 
 
 0.958 30 10.7 
 
 1.0655 10 1.1521 22 
 
 0.939 40 7.7 
 
 1.0725 11 1.1597 23 
 
 0917 50 5.0 
 
 1.0795 . . 12 1.1673 . . 24 
 
 0.895 60 2.8 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 76 ; 
 
 0.847 ... 80 .... 0.45 
 
 compare 113. 184.) 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. pp. 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains An aqueous solu- Contains 
 
 365, 366.) 
 
 tionofsp.gr. percent tion of sp. gr. percent 
 (at 12.5) of K Cl. (at 12.5) of K Cl. 
 
 1 ftfl4 711 Ofi 1 > 12 
 
 Soluble in 48 pts. of boiling alcohol. (Wenzel, 
 in his Vei-wandtschaft, p. 300 [T.].) Insoluble in 
 
 1 .vUt / . 1 i ,\J\J l ^ . i ft 
 InfiQ*; 9 1 O7O1 14. 
 
 absolute alcohol containing chloride of lithium. 
 
 .\J\Jj3 ft L M 1 \J L 1^ 
 
 1 0143 3 1.0801 16 
 
 (Mitscherlich, Lehrb., 2. 85.) A solution in wood- 
 
 1.0192 4 1.0901 18 
 i f\f>Af\ n i i nnn 20 
 
 spirit, of 40% (by weight), saturated at 15, con- 
 tains 9.2% of it. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 1 .U^TtvJ ** * . 1 \J\J\J 4*J 
 
 1.0288 6 1.1090 22 
 1.0338 7 1.1178 24 
 
 IrjooQ Q 1 1 OfiJ. 9fi 
 
 1861, 118. 365.) Very sparingly soluble in a 
 mixture of equal parts of absolute alcohol and 
 ether. (Berzelius ; Rammelsberg.) Ether pre- 
 
 .Uooo 1 . 1 -iu 1 * i\) 
 
 1.0438 9 1.1344 28 
 1.0490 . . 10 1.1420 . . 30 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 298.) 
 
 cipitates it from the alcoholic solution. (Doebe- 
 reiner.) Almost absolutely insoluble in a mixture 
 of equal pts. of anhydrous alcohol and ether; 500 
 milligrs. of K Cl treated with 10 grms. of such a 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains 
 tion of sp. gr.. at Per cent Pts. of K Cl dis- 
 
 solution yielded only ^ of a millegramme to the 
 
 19.5 (sp. gr. of of K Cl solved in 100 
 
 liquid. (J. Lawrence Smith, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 
 water at 19.5 = 1) pis- of water. 
 
 16. 56.) Soluble in glycerin. (Pelouze.) In- 
 
 1.0382 . . 5.979 . . 6.36 
 
 soluble in bisulphide of carbon. (Baeyer. ) Much 
 
 1.0733 11.269 12.70 
 
 less soluble in very dilute chlorhydric acid than in 
 
 1.1075 16.269 19.43 
 
 water. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 120.) When pieces 
 
 1.1436 21.309 27.08 
 
 of chloride of ammonium are added to a saturated 
 
 1.1720 . . 25.133 . . 33.57 
 (Kremers, Fogg. Ann., 95. 119; the second 
 column from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlce- 
 
 aqueous solution of chloride of potassium they 
 are dissolved, while a portion of the latter is pre- 
 cipitated. When the reaction has ceased, the so- 
 
 sungen, p. 33.) 
 
 lution, at 18.75, contains 31.616% of mixed salt. 
 
 In a solution con- The point of 
 taining for 100 ebullition is Difference. 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of water have dissolved 45.91 pts. of 
 mixed salt. A solution identical with this may be 
 
 pts. of water, pis. elevated, 
 of anhydrous K Cl 
 
 obtained when a mixture of K Cl and N H 4 Cl is 
 
 0.0 .. . 0.0 
 
 treated with water. By experiment 100 pts. of 
 
 4.7 0.5 ... 4.7 
 
 water dissolved 46.1 pts. mixed salt, viz. 16.27 pts. 
 
 9.0 1.0 4.3 
 
 KCI and 29.83 pts. NHC1. (Karsten, Berlin 
 
 13.2 1.5 4.2 
 
 Abhandl., 1840, p. 109.) When chloride of sodium 
 
 17.1 2.0 3.9 
 
 is added to a saturated solution of chloride of 
 
 20.9 2.5 3.8 
 
 potassium it dissolves, while K Cl is precipitated, 
 
 24.5 3.0 3.6 
 
 until the amount of 1 the two salts in solution have 
 
 28.0 3.5 3.5 
 
 reached a certain definite equilibrium. (Karsten, 
 
 31.4 4.0 3.4 
 
 foe. cit., p. 109.) Chloride of potassium dissolves 
 
 34.6 4.5 3.2 
 
 in a saturated solution of chloride of ammonium 
 
 37.8 5.0 3.2 
 
 plus chloride of sodium, while portions of both 
 
 41.0 5.5 3.2 
 
 these salts separate out. (Karsten, foe. cit., p. 132.) 
 
 44.2 6.0 3.2 
 
 When chloride of barium is added to a solution 
 
 47.4 6.5 3.2 
 
 of chloride of potassium it dissolves without pre- 
 
 50.5 7.0 3.1 
 
 cipitating K Cl at first, but after a time K Cl 
 
 53.7 7.5 3.2 
 
 begins to fall, and this continues until a certain 
 
 56.9 8.0 ... 3.2 
 
 definite amount of Ba Cl has been dissolved. 
 
 59.4 ... 8.3 
 
 The mixed solution thus obtained is identical with 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 177 
 
 that prepared by treating a mixture of the two 
 salts with water. (Karsten, Berlin AbhandL, 1840, 
 p. 110.) For the solubility of chloride of potas- 
 sium when mixed with chloride of barium, see the 
 last-named salt. Chloride of potassium is soluble 
 in a saturated solution of nitrate of potash, the 
 latter being meanwhile precipitated until a certain 
 definite limit is attained, when the reaction ceases. 
 A solution of sp. gr. identical with the above is 
 obtained when a mixture of the two salts is treated 
 with water. [See Nitrate of Potash.] (Karsten, 
 Berlin AbhandL, 1840, p. 113.) It is soluble in a 
 saturated solution of nitrate of soda without caus- 
 ing any precipitation ; it is also soluble in a satu- 
 rated solution of nitrate of baryta. (Karsten.) 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate of pot- 
 ash, with precipitation of the latter. The solution 
 thus obtained, at 18.75, contains 25.86% of mixed 
 salt. Or, 100 pts of water dissolve 34.87 pts. of 
 mixed salt, viz. 33.12 pts of K Cl and 1.75 pts. of 
 K 0, S O 3 . A solution identical with the above 
 is obtained when a mixture of the two salts is 
 treated with water. ( Karsten, Berlin AbhandL, 1 840, 
 p. 112.) When a mixture of chloride of potas- 
 sium and sulphate of potash is treated with wa- 
 ter at 14.8, 100 pts. of the water dissolve 30.2 
 pts. of the mixed salts, of which 2.0 pts. are sul- 
 phate of potash. At 15.8, 30 2 pts. of the mixed 
 salts are dissolved, of which 2.3 pts. are sulphate 
 of potash; at 16.1, 30.4 pts. of the mixed salts, 
 of which 3.3 pts. are sulphate of potash. At these 
 temperatures the solubility of pure K Cl is from 
 33.3 to 33.6, the mean being 33.5 ; that of KO, 
 S O a is from 10.9 to 11.2, the mean being 11.1. 
 
 ( 30.2 = 28.2 -f 2.0 
 Found \30.2 = 27.9 + 2.3 
 
 (30.4 = 27.1 + 3.3 
 
 Calcul. ' 44.6 : 33.5 : 11.1 = 30.3 : 22.8 : 7.5 
 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch.u.Pharm., 1840, 34. 264.) 
 
 For the solubility of mixed chloride of potas- 
 sium and nitrate of potash see the last-named 
 salt. Soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate 
 of soda with formation of sulphate of potash ; also 
 soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of am- 
 monia, with formation of chloride of ammonium 
 and nitrate of potash, which separate. In a satu* 
 rated solution of sulphate of magnesia it is con- 
 verted into sulphate of potash. (Karsten, loc. cit., 
 p. 130.) When one equivalent of KC1, in aque- 
 ous solution, is mixed with a solution of an equiv- 
 alent of sulphate of zinc (Zn O, S O 3 ), 0.84 of it 
 are decomposed to sulphate of potash, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while 0.16 of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of sulphate of manganese (Mn O, 
 S 0), 0.58 of it are decomposed as before, while 
 0.42 of it remain unchanged ; when mixed with a 
 solution of an equivalent of sulphate of magnesia 
 (Mg 0, S 3 ), 0.56 of it are decomposed, while 0.44 
 of it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & or RHODIUM. 
 
 I.) 2 K Cl ; Kh 2 Cl s + 2 Aq Permanent. Rather 
 difficultly soluble in 
 
 water. (Glaus, Beitrage, p. 72.) More soluble 
 than chloroplatinate of potassium in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of potassium. (Berzelius.) 
 Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble, in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) Insoluble in a strong cold aqueous 
 solution of chloride of potassium. (W. Gibbs, 
 Am. J.Sci., (2.) 31. 70.) 
 
 II. ) 3 K Cl ; Kb, C1 8 + 6 Aq Efflorescent. Con- 
 siderably more dif- 
 23 
 
 ficultly soluble than the other salts [of the formula 
 3 MCI; Rh 2 Cl 3 ?]. After standing for some 
 time, or on boiling, the aqueous solution changes 
 color, and appears to be changed to No. 1. (Glaus, 
 Beitrage, p. 72.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & sesquichloride OF 
 2 K Cl ; Ru 2 Cl s RUTHENIUM. Somewhat sparing- 
 ly soluble in cold, more readily ' 
 soluble in boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol of 
 80% ; it is, nevertheless, only partially precipitated 
 from the aqueous solution by means of alcohol. 
 Soluble in alcohol when in presence of soluble 
 metallic chlorides. Nearly insoluble in a concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 The neutral aqueous solution decomposes very 
 readily on standing, and especially when heated. 
 (Clan's.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SILVER. De- 
 KCl; Ag Cl composed by water, with separation 
 of chloride of silver. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of potassium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF TELLURIUM. 
 Deliquescent. Decomposed by water, and by ab- 
 solute alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF THORIUM. 
 K Cl ; Th Cl Deliquescent. Very soluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & protochloride OF 
 
 2 K Cl ; Sn Cl + 3 Aq TIN: Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & bichloride OF TIN. 
 K Cl ; Sn C1 2 Permanent. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & basic sesquichloride 
 
 3 K Cl ; 2 Ur, 0,, TJr Cl s + 6 Aq, OF URANIUM. Ea- 
 or"(K Cl, (Ur 2 6 2 ) Cl + 2 Aq) " s ily soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 (Arfvedson.) Extremely soluble in water, but 
 with decomposition and separation of K Cl, unless 
 the water is acidulated with chorhydric acid. (Pe- 
 ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 37.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF YTTRIUM. 
 K Cl ; Yr Cl Soluble in water, with evolution of 
 heat. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF ZINC. More 
 K Cl ; Zn Cl + Aq deliquescent than the correspond- 
 ing ammonium compound. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Schindler.) Very deliquescent. 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of water at ordinary temperatures. 
 Apparently soluble in all proportions in boiling 
 water. (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 248.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with CHROMIC 
 ACID. Vid. Chromate of Chloride of Potassium. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 
 K Cl ; 2 He Cy + Aq MERCURY. Soluble in 6.75 
 pts. of water at 18. (Brett.) 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Desfosses.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with &Z'CYANIDE of 
 K Cl : Pt Cy, + 2 Aq PLATINUM. Efflorescent. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Knop & Schnedermann.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with GLYCOCOLL. 
 C H 4 N0 3 ;KCl Readily deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water. (Horsford.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with IODATE OF 
 K Cl K 0, 2 1 0, + Aq POTASH. Efflorescent. Sol- 
 uble in 19 [18 20 in Ber- 
 zelius's LehM] pts. of water at 15. The aqueous 
 solution is decomposed when evaporated by heat- 
 ing. (Serullas.) Cold alcohol decomposes it, 
 dissolving out the iodate. (Filhol.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with SULPHITE OF 
 
178 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 3KC1 ; IrO, 2S0 2 IRIDIDM. Very solnble in wa- 
 
 ter. (Claus.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with &/SULPHITE OF 
 3KC1 ; Os 0,2 S O 2 OSMIUM. Very soluble in wa- 
 
 ter. (Claus.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM with SULPHURIC 
 KCl; JfSO 3 ACID (anhydrous). Instantly decom- 
 posed by moisture. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PROPTL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Chloride of Trityl. Propyl- (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Chlvrhydnc Ether.) p hys ^ (3 ) 43 405 ) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PROPTLENE. Insoluble, or very 
 C 6 H 6 ", C1 2 sparingly soluble, in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PTELEYL. Vid. TerChloro- 
 Mesitylene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PURPUREOCOBALT. Sparingly 
 
 (Chlorhydratede Ros&o- soluble in cold Water, 1 pt. 
 
 CobaUiaque(ot ^Fremy).) of ; t be ; ng soluble 5n 2 44 
 
 H 8 . Co 2 , C1 3 - . 
 
 slightly decomposed, however, by cold wa-ter, and 
 completely on boiling the aqueous solution, but 
 this decomposition may be prevented by keeping 
 the solution slightly acid with chlorhydric acid. 
 Crystallizes on cooling the boiling solution in 
 water acidulated with a few drops of chlorhydric 
 acid. Completely precipitated from the aqueous 
 solution on the addition of alcohol, chlorhydric 
 acid, or saturated aqueous solutions of the chlorides 
 of ammonium and sodium. The salt is not de- 
 composed by boiling chlorhydric acid. (Claudet, 
 Phil. Mag., (4.) 2. pp. 253, 254.) Nearly insolu- 
 ble in cold water ; but is soluble, without decom- 
 position, in boiling water to which a few drops of 
 chlorhydric acid have been added. From this 
 solution it crystallizes on cooling. A neutral 
 aqueous solution is readily decomposed by boiling, 
 but it may be boiled for a very long time with con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid, without decomposition. 
 Chlorhydric acid and the alkaline chlorides pre- 
 cipitate it from its solutions almost completely, 
 slowly in the cold, but instantly on boiling. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. 
 Contrib., Vol. 9. pp. 22-27 of the memoir.) 
 Scarcely at all solnble in cold water. Entirely 
 insoluble in water acidulated with chlorhydric acid, 
 or containing chloride of ammonium. (Fremy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 302.) Less soluble 
 than chloride of luteo-cobalt in water acidulated 
 with chlorhydric acid. (Rogojski, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 41. 447.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PYROCITRYL. Vid. Chloride 
 of Citraconyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF PYROMUCYL. Decomposed by 
 C 10 H 8 4 , Cl water. 
 
 OF RHODIUM. Insoluble in 
 Rh Cl water, or in chlorhydric or nitric acids. Un- 
 acted on by boiling solutions of caustic 
 potash or carbonate of potash. (Fellenberg.) In- 
 soluble in water or chlorhydric acid. Unacted 
 upon in the cold, but is decomposed by boiling 
 potash. (Berzelius.) Claus (Beitrage, p. 64) de- 
 nies the existence of the compound (2RhCl; 
 Rh 2 Cls) mentioned by Berzelius. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF RHODIUM & OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) 2 Ag Cl ; Rh 2 C1 3 > Insoluble in water. (Claras, 
 
 II.) 3 Ag Cl ; Rh 2 Cl s $ Beitrage, pp. 73, 23.) 
 
 PrOtoCHLORIDE OF RHODIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 Soluble in water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 44. 396.) 
 
 Sesgw CHLORIDE OF RHODIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 (ChluroRhodiate of Sodium.) Exceedingly efflo- 
 
 3 Na 01 ; Rh 2 Cl s + 24 (not 18) Aq rescent. Easily 
 soluble in water. 
 Melts in its water of crystallization at 50. Com- 
 pletely insoluble in spirit. But when mixed with 
 a large quantity of metallic chlorides soluble in 
 spirit a portion of it also dissolves. (Claus, Bei- 
 trage, pp. 70, 62.) Soluble in 1.5 pts. of water. 
 (Wollaston.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ROSEOCOBALT. Solnble in 
 5 N H 3 . Co 2 , Cl a -r- 2 Aq cold water, the solution 
 being easily decomposed 
 when heated. Nearly insoluble in strong chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., 
 Vol. 9.) 
 
 "CHLORIDE OF ROSEOCOBALT "(of Fremy). 
 Vid. Chloride of Purpureo Cobalt. 
 
 ProtoCnLORiDE OF RUTHENIUM. Insoluble 
 Ru Cl in water, and in acids. Only slightly acted 
 upon by a solution of caustic potash. 
 (Claus.) 
 
 SesquiCsLORiVE OF RUTHENIUM. Deliques- 
 Rn 2 Cl s cent. Soluble in water and in alcohol. 
 (Claus.) 
 
 B/CHLORIDE OF RUTHENIUM. 
 RuCl, 
 
 OF RHODIUM. Unacted upon 
 Rh 2 C1 3 by boiling acids like concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid or aqua-regia. When boiled 
 for a long time with concentrated potash-lye it 
 swells up, and is then slightly soluble in strong 
 boiling chlorhydric acid. (Claus, Beitrage, p. 64.) 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 chlorhydric acid. (Berzelius; Wollaston.) 
 
 OF RUTHENIUM & OF SO- 
 DIUM. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 CHLORIDE OF SALICYL. Decomposed by wa- 
 C M H B 4 , Cl ter, alcohol, and wood-spirit. ( Ger- 
 
 hardt.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SELENETHYL. Sparingly sol- 
 C 4 H 5 Se, Cl uble in water ; somewhat more solu- 
 ble in chlorhydric acid. Solnble in 
 ammonia-water. (Joy.) 
 
 Z)I'CHLORIDE OF SELENIUM. Slowly decom- 
 S8 2 Cl posed by cold water. (Berzelius.) Slowly 
 decomposed by cold, instantly by hot wa- 
 ter. (Sacc, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22. 124.) 
 
 Z3*CiiLORiDE OF SELENIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 Se C1 2 ter, with evolution of heat and decompo- 
 sition. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF SILICON. Decomposed by 
 Si CI 3 water, being dissolved for the most part if 
 an excess of water be present ; but when 
 mixed with an equal volume of water the liquid 
 becomes gelatinous from the silica which sepa- 
 rates. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 1. 326.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SILVER. As good as insoluble 
 Ag Cl in water. When chloride of silver is left 
 for some hours in contact with pure water 
 at 20 (8> 22, and especially if the temperature be 
 elevated to 75, traces of it go into solution ; more 
 chlorine than silver, however, is thus dissolved, 
 consequently the solvent action of the water must 
 depend, in part, at least, upon a decomposition of 
 the chloride of silver. (Mulder, Die Silber-Pro- 
 birmethode, p. 74.) When 1 pt. of silver is precip- 
 itated as chloride of silver in presence of 1000000 
 | pts. of water a slight bluish milkiness may still be 
 observed ; but in order to have a distinctive char- 
 acteristic precipitate with this amount of water 4 
 pts. of silver should be present. 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 1T9 
 
 Dilute nitric acid does not increase the solubil- 
 ity of chloride of silver in the least, but in stronger 
 nitric acid chloride of silver is not absolutely in- 
 soluble : thus, if a solution of ^L- milligr. silver be 
 mixed with 50cc. of nitric acid of 1.2 sp. gr., and 
 enough solution of chloride of sodium to neutral- 
 ize the nitrate of silver be added, the precipitate 
 which forms at first will disappear, but the addition 
 now of a trace either of chloride of sodium or of 
 nitrate of silver to this solution will occasion the j 
 formation of a persistent precipitate. (Mulder, i 
 Die Silber-Probirmethode, p. 24.) 1 pt. of nitrate j 
 of silver causes an opalescence when mixed with 
 chlorhydric acid, even in presence of 120000 pts. 
 of water (Pfaff) ; even in presence of 240000 pts. 
 of water. (Harting.) 1 pt. of silver gives a 
 slight turbidity with chlorhydric acid in presence 
 of 200000 pts. of water ; a scarcely opalescent 
 cloudiness in presence of 400000 pts. of water, and 
 the same after the lapse of 15 minutes in presence 
 of 800000 pts. of water. (Lassaigne.) Soluble in 
 3072 pts. of water (Monnet) ; or 100 pts. of wa- 
 ter dissolve 0.0333 pt. of it. Insoluble, or very 
 nearly insoluble, in most of the acids, with the 
 exception of concentrated chlorhydric acid, from 
 which it is almost completely precipitated on the 
 addition of water. a, d C$~ 
 
 Soluble in 200 pts. of strong chlorhydric acid ; 
 and in 600 pts. of the same chlorhydric acid di- 
 luted with twice its weight of water. (Pierre, 
 N. J. Pharm., 12. 237, in Gmelin's Handbook, 6. 
 428.) Tolerably dilute chlorhydric acid can dis- 
 solve chloride of silver : thus, a solution of 1 pt. 
 of nitrate of silver in 15000 pts. of water becomes 
 turbid when chlorhydric acid is added to it, but 
 the addition of more acid renders the solution 
 clear again. (Reinsch.) Chloride of silver is 
 more or less soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 If this acid is added to water in which the pre- 
 cipitate of Yffiriinnr P^ silver is suspended, as 
 Ag Cl, the milkiness disappears completely. The 
 solubility of chloride of silver in chlorhydric acid 
 , increases with elevation of temperature, the chlo- 
 ride of silver separating out again as the solution 
 cools. (Mulder, op. cit., p. 25.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in a hot alcoholic solution of chlorhydric 
 acid, from which it separates in part on^tijepling. 
 (Erdmann.) Sparingly soluble in concentrated 
 bromhydric acid. (Lee wig.) Insoluble in nitric 
 acid. (Wackenroder.) Entirely unacted upon 
 by boiling nitric acid of 1.43 sp. gr. (H. Wurtz, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 25. 382.) As has been pre- 
 viously stated, the solubility of chloride of silver 
 in dilute nitric acid may be admitted to be the 
 same as its solubility in water ; ^^Q^ pt. of 
 silver cannot be detected in the presence of either 
 by precipitating it as chloride of silver ; but 
 Y5To"<nnr P t- can ^ e detected in bofh cases. (Mul- 
 der, op. cit., p. 25.) 1 pt. of silver, in the form 
 of chloride of silver, dissolves at 25" in 83000 
 pts. of water containing free nitric acid and 0.33 
 pt. of chlorhydric acid. (Mulder, op. cit., p. 87.) 
 Insoluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid ; 
 but on boiling, the acid decomposes a portion of 
 it while another portion dissolves ; this does not 
 separate again on cooling. 
 
 In dilute sulphuric acid chloride of silver is no 
 more soluble than in dilute nitric acid. (Mulder, 
 op. cit., p. 26.) Unacted upon by cold sulphurous 
 acid, but slight decomposition ensues when the 
 acid is heated. (A. Vogel.) Perceptibly sol- 
 uble in a warm solution, less soluble in a cold 
 solution, of tartaric acid. (Mulder, op. cit., p. 26.) 
 Chloride of silver is soluble in solutions of all the 
 metallic chlorides which are soluble in water : 
 
 thus, aqueous solutions of the chlorides of sodium, 
 potassium, calcium, strontium, and barium all dis- 
 solve it, especially when they are hot"; chloride of 
 magnesium, and ammonium, and protochloride of 
 mercury, also dissolve some chloride of silver, the 
 Hg Cl dissolving the least of it. (Mulder, op. cit., 
 p. 27.) Horn silver [i. e., fused chloride of sil- 
 ver "?] is insoluble in an aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium. (J. Davy, Phil.Trans.,1822, p.365.) 
 Readily soluble, when recently precipitated, in a hot 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, and 
 from this solution it is not precipitated by chlor- 
 hydric acid. A solution of nitrate of ammonia is 
 a very imperfect solvent of it. (Brett, Phil. Mag , 
 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 97, 98.) Insoluble in solutions 
 of the ammoniacal salts, excepting chloride of am- 
 monium. (Wittstein.) Sparingly soluble in strong 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of potassium, chloride 
 of sodium, and a few other metallic chlorides. 
 
 Soluble in a strong solution of chloride of cal- 
 cium. (Wetzlar.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of chloride of roseocobalt. (Gibbs & Genth, Smith. 
 Contrib., vol. 9.) It is also soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the nitrates of soda, potash, lime, mag- 
 nesia, and ammonia ; at the ordinary temperature 
 this solubility is not considerable, but increases so 
 much by heat, that hot solutions, which are per- 
 fectly clear, become strongly clouded as they cool, 
 owing to separation of the chloride of silver. 
 (Mulder, op. cit., p. 28.) [I have had frequent 
 occasion to observe the truth of this last remark, 
 at least as far as regards solutions of nitrate of 
 ammonia. F. H. S.] It is more soluble in a so- 
 lution of nitrate of soda in proportion as the 
 amount of this salt increases ; it is also more 
 readily soluble as the relative quantity of water is 
 increased, thus : at a temperature of 15 @ 20, 
 There are dissolved In Na 0, N 5 , and H 0, 
 
 milligrs. of Ag Ol grammes. , cc. 
 
 1.33 0.787 .... 100 
 
 1.93 0.787 200 
 
 3.99 2.361 300 
 
 2.53 2.787 .... 100 
 
 At higher temperatures it is more soluble. (Mul- 
 der, op. cit., pp. 49 to 53.) 
 
 There are dissolved In Na 0, N 5 , and H 0, at temp, 
 milligrs. of Ag Cl grammes. cc. of 
 
 0.86 . . . 0.787 . . 100 . . 5 
 1.33 0.787 100 15 -17 
 
 1.46 0.787 100 18 
 
 2.33 0.787 100 30 
 
 3.99 . . . 0.787 . . 100 45 -55 
 (Mulder, op. cit., pp. 56 - 58.) 
 
 At 25, 100000 pts. of water containing a little 
 free nitric acid and 0.787 grm. of Na 0, N O 5 , 
 dissolve 2.128 milligrs. of Ag Cl. If, the other 
 conditions remaining the same, 2 grammes of 
 Na O, N O 5 be added to the above, then 2.526 
 miiligrs. (or \ more) Ag Cl will dissolve. (Mul- 
 der, op. cit., p. 71.) 1 pt. of silver in 200000 pts. 
 of water containing 0.79 pt. of nitrate of soda can 
 be readily detected^ by means of chloride of sodium 
 at the ordinary temperature; but at 75 the pre- 
 cipitate dissolves, separating out again, however, 
 as the solution cools ; in 200000 pts. of water con- 
 taining 1574 pts. of nitrate of soda one part of 
 silver can readily be detected by chloride of sodium 
 at the ordinary temperature ; but at 75 the pre- 
 cipitate dissolves, and remains in solution after 
 cooling. (Mulder, op. cit., p. 66.) If only a small 
 quantity of nitrate of soda is present less chloride 
 of silver is dissolved in proportion to the weight of 
 the nitrate of soda than when a large quantity of 
 this salt is present. (Mulder, op. cit., p. 68.) An 
 
180 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 aqueous solution of nitrate of protoxide of mercury 
 also dissolves considerable quantities of chloride 
 of silver, bntftiost of the remaining nitrates do not 
 do so. (Mulder, op. cit., p. 28.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of nitrate of protoxide of mer- 
 cury, from which solution it is easily precipitated 
 by chlorhydric acid and by solutions of chloride of 
 sodium or chloride of ammonium, also with toler- 
 able completeness by an excess of a solution of 
 nitrate of silver, but not by nitric acid. (Wacken- 
 roder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 317.) When the 
 hot solution of chloride of silver in nitrate of pro- 
 toxide of mercury is cooled, or diluted with water, 
 crystals of Ag Cl separate out. The Ag 01 is 
 precipitated from this solution on the addition of 
 
 dry. (Gregory.) Decomposed by a solution of 
 carbonate of potash. 
 
 Slightly soluble in a cold solution of carbonate 
 of potash. ( Wittstein. ) 
 
 SU&CHLORIDE OP SILVER. Chloride of silver 
 
 (DiChloride of Silver?') 
 Ag 2 Cl? 
 
 which has become violet- 
 colored by exposure to the 
 
 light is much less soluble than the pure white 
 chloride in an aqueous solution of nitrate of soda. 
 
 Mulder (op. cit., p. 54) does not doubt but 
 that chloride of silver which has been decomposed 
 by light as completely as possible is entirely insol- 
 uble in a solution of nitrate of soda. 
 
 It is decomposed by ammonia-water, and by 
 boiling chlorhydric acid or solutions of chloride of 
 
 solutions of the alkaline acetates. (Liebig, Ann. | sodium or chloride of ammonium ; all of which 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 81. 128.) Soluble to a consider- extract Ag C1 and leave Ag> (Scheele ; Wcehler.) 
 able extent in an aqueous solution of nitrate of Perfectly soluble in ammonia. (Berthollet.) Un- 
 protoxide of mercury. (Lcewig. Much more _,,., nnnn hv nit a ,,:j / Wp.r.zlar.l 
 
 protoxide of mercury. (Lcewig 
 soluble in hot than in a cold solution of nitrate of 
 protoxide of mercury, and much more soluble in 
 this solution than in a solution of nitrate of ammo- 
 nia. Chloride of sodium precipitates it from this 
 solution. In presence of acetate of soda or of 
 ammonia this solubility is much less marked. 
 Acetate of soda precipitates it from its solution in 
 nitrate of mercury. (Mulder, op. cit., pp. 195- 
 197.) Imperfectly soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of nitrate of silver. (Wackenroder.) It is not 
 dissolved to an appreciable extent by a solution of 
 nitrate of copper, nor by solutions of the nitrates 
 of iron, manganese, cadmium, cobalt, sine, or 
 nickel. (Mulder, op. cit., pp. 59 - 62.) Insoluble, 
 or exceedingly sparingly soluble, in a solution of 
 nitrate of lead. (Mulder, op. cit., p. 178.) Insol- 
 uble in a solution of sulphate of soda. (Mulder, 
 op. cit., p. 163.) Very readily soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of cyanide of potassium. (Liebig.) 
 Readily soluble, with decomposition, in an aque- 
 ous solution of hyposulphurous acid. (Herschel, 
 Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 397.) When recently 
 precipitated, chloride of silver is soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of any of the soluble hyposulphites, 
 and with especial ease in a somewhat concentrated 
 solution of hyposulphite of soda which dissolves it 
 in large quantity, and almost as readily as water 
 dissolves sugar ; a solution of hyposulphite of pot- 
 ash, even when very dilute, also readily dissolves 
 it, as does a solution of hyposulphite of strontia. 
 Mutual decomposition occurs, and a solution of 
 intense sweetness is produced ; this solution be- 
 comes slightly turbid on standing, but the decom- 
 position may be retarded, if not altogether pre- 
 vented, by dilution. Alcohol precipitates from it 
 a syrup. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ , 1819, 1. 
 pp.27, 11,19,21,397.) When recently precipitated, 
 it is soluble in an aqueous solution of arsenite of 
 potash. (Reynoso.) Abundantly soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Wackenroder.) Easily soluble in 
 ammonia-water, even after it has been fused. 
 (Dumas, TV.) [After having been thoroughly 
 boiled with water and having stood at rest for 
 some time subsequent to its precipitation, it is 
 very difficultly soluble in strong ammonia-water. 
 F. H. S.l As soluble in coniin as in ammonia- 
 water. (Blyth, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 350.) Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of methylamin. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 3O. 453.) Also soluble 
 in a solution of amylamin, though less so than in 
 ammonia-water. (Wurtz.) Soluble in capryla- 
 min. (Bouis.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 sinamin and thiosinamin. Insoluble in cold 
 dilute solutions of the caustic alkalies, but is de- 
 composed by hot concentrated solutions, especially 
 if it be treated with them before it has become 
 
 acted upon by nitric acid. (Wetzlar.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SILVER & OF SODIUM. Soluble 
 in a strong aqueous solution of chloride of sodium. 
 This solution is decomposed by the addition of 
 much water. (Wetzlar.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SILVER & OF TELLURIUM. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SILVER with CYANIDE OF PO- 
 TASSIUM. (Liebig.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM. Permanent, when 
 
 (Muriate of Soda. 
 Common Salt.) 
 NaCl 
 
 pure. 
 
 Slowly absorbs water from moist 
 air. (Fresenius.) It causes only 
 
 a slight reduction of temperature while dissolv- 
 ing in water. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 15 dissolve 32.73 pts. of it 
 
 10 
 
 go 
 
 
 
 + 5 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 70 
 
 80 
 
 90 
 
 100 
 
 109.7 
 
 33.49 
 34.22 
 35.52 
 35.63 
 35.74 
 35.87 
 36.13 
 36.64 
 36.98 
 37.25 
 37.88 
 38.22 
 38.87 
 39.61 
 40.35 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 469.) 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve a little more than 
 
 13.89 
 
 16.90 
 
 59.93 
 
 109.73 
 
 [at 13.89 
 35.81 pts. of it. 
 35.88 " " 
 37.14 " " 
 40.38 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (2.) U. 310.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 12 dissolve 35.91 pts. of it. 
 
 " boiling " 39.92 
 (Fehling, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 77. 382.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 25 dissolve 35.7 pts. of it. 
 
 (H.Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 262.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 18 75 dissolve 36 53 pts. of it. 
 
 (C. J. B. Karsten, Berlin AbhandL, 1840, p. 101.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 1 dissolve 36.121 pts. of it. 
 " 18.75 " 36.724 " 
 
 100 
 
 41.076 
 
 (G. Karsten, Karsten u. Dechen's Archiv., 20. 48.) 
 100 pts. of water at 1.25 dissolve 36.119 pts. of it. 
 " boiling " 39.324 " 
 
 (Unger, J. pr. Chem., 8. pp. 285,294.) 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 181 
 
 100 pts. of water at 18.75 dissolve 37.741 pts. of it. 
 
 (Bischof.) 
 100 pts. of water at 18.75 dissolve 35.40 pts. of it. 
 
 " " 100 " 36.95 " " 
 
 (" Karsten " ["?], cited by Unger, J. pr. Chem., 8. 
 
 285.) 
 100 pts. of water at 10 < 15 dissolve 35.42 pts. ofit. 
 
 (Bergman.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 106+ dissolve 42.86 pts. of it. 
 (Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 100 pts. water at 15.56 dissolve j 84<2 ~ 3 2 5 5 4 2 } Jf^ 
 
 " " 100 " 36.16 pts. of it. 
 (Ure's Diet., two sets of observations.) 
 100 pts. of water at 20 dissolve 35.9 pts. ofit. 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
 100 pts. of cold water dissolve 35.4 pts. of it. 
 " boiling " " 36.2 " " 
 
 (Berzelius, cited by Unger, loc. cit.) 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 37 pts. of it at all 
 temperatures. (Fuchs & G. Reichenbach, Kast- 
 ner's Archiv., 1826, 7. 413.) The aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated at 15 is of 1.207148 sp. gr., and 
 contains dissolved in every 100 pts. of water at 
 least 35.837 pts. of the salt, (Michel & Krafft, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) From 
 Gay-Lussac's experiments, H. Kopp deduces the 
 following formula: 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 of the salt, parts = 35.48 + 0.024748 T 
 0.0001 1000 T' 2 + 0.0000026555 T 3 . By this for- 
 mula the solubility of the salt would be less at 
 than at ordinary temperatures, though Gay- 
 Lussac thought that he had observed the contrary. 
 By direct experiment Kopp found that 100 pts. of 
 water dissolved of Na CI, at 25, 35.8 pts., and 
 35.6. According to the formula the solubility 
 should be, at this temperature, 36 pts. (H. Kopp, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 262.) 
 1 pfof Na Cl is soluble in 2.78 pts. water at 13.89. 
 " " " 2.70 " " 59.93. 
 " " " 2.48 " " 109.73. 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 11. 310.) 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 2.505 pts. water, at boil- 
 ing. (Fehling, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 77. 382.) 
 1 ptof Na Cl is soluble in 2.8 pts. water at 25. 
 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 262.) 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 2.738 pts. water at 1 8.7 5. 
 
 (C. J. B. Karsten, Berlin AbhandL, 1840, p. 101.) 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 2.7685 pts. water at 1. 
 " " " " 2.7230 " 18.75. 
 " ' " " 2.4345 " 100. 
 (G. Karsten, Karsten u. Dechen's Archiv., 20.48.) 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 2.77 pts. water at 1.25. 
 " " " " 2.56 " " boiling. 
 
 (Unger, J. pr. Chem., 8. pp. 285, 294.) 
 1 pt.of Na Cl is soluble in 2.6496 pts. water at 18.75. 
 
 (Bischof.) 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 2.333 pts. water at 106+ 
 
 (Griffiths, Quar. J. Set., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 2.78 pts. of water at 20. 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 2.789 pts. water at 15. 
 
 (Gerlach's determination, see his table of sp. grs., 
 
 below.) 
 
 1 pt. of Na Cl is soluble in 3 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fiir 1854, p 76.) 
 Soluble in 2 8235 (" 21.$.") pts. of water at a mod- 
 
 [erate heat. 
 " 2.7647 ("2if") " of boiling water. 
 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 180.) [The numbers 
 (" soluble in 2.59 pts. of cold water and in 2.77 pts. 
 of hot water ") attributed to Bergman in Gmelin's 
 Handbook, 3. 112, appear to be erroneous.] Solu- 
 ble in 2.857 pts. of water, either cold or boiling. 
 (Fourcroy, cited by Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 
 28. 290.) When chemically pure, 1 pt. of chlo- 
 ride of sodium is soluble in 2.7 pts. of water, 
 either cold or boiling; or 100 pts. of water dis- 
 solve 37 pts. ofit; or the saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion contains 27% of it. (Fnchs & G. Ileichen- 
 bach, Kastner's Archiv., 1826, 7. 413.) In the 
 cited article, Fuchs specially insists that " pure 
 chloride of sodium requires precisely as much cold 
 as hot water for its solution" (p. 410). But the 
 assertion has been decidedly contradicted by Pog- 
 giale (Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 476), by Fehling 
 (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 77. 382), and by Unger 
 (J. pr. Chem., 8. 294). It is, moreover, disproved 
 by the experiments of the other observers above 
 cited. Bergman (Essays, 1779, 1. 231) long ago 
 condemned the notion in these terms : " Some 
 moderns contend that more of common salt is 
 taken up by cold than by warm water ; but this 
 assertion is contrary to the nature of things and to 
 experience : upon accurate examination, I found 
 the quantities taken up by boiling water, and by 
 water of a moderate heat, to be respectively as 77 
 to 71.5." Poggiale (loc. cit.) was unable to per- 
 ceive that the solubility of chloride of sodium is 
 greater at than at 14, as had been thought to 
 be the case by Gay-Lussac. 
 The aqueous solution 
 saturated at 1 contains 26.536% of Na Cl 
 " 18.75 " 26.860% " " 
 
 " 100 " 29.116% " " 
 . (G. Karsten, Karsten's Archiv., 20. 48.) 
 
 G. Karsten has reduced the experiments of sev- 
 eral other observers to per cents ; thus, according 
 to Unger (J. pr. Ch., 8.294), the aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated at 1 .25 contains 26.535% Na Cl, 
 and that saturated at the temperature of boiling 
 contains 28.225%; according to C. J. B. Karsten, 
 the solution saturated at 18.75 contains 26.75%; 
 and according to Bischof, 27.40% at the latter 
 temperature ; " but as both Unger's, C. J. B. 
 Karsten's, and my own (G. Karsten) results are 
 lower, this is doubtless too high." According to 
 Gay-Lussac, the solution saturated at from 14 @ 
 20 contains 26.362% of it; and at 100, 28.724%. 
 According to Bergman, the solution saturated in 
 the cold contains 26.154% ; and the warm saturated 
 solution 26.562%. "But since these determina- 
 tions are much lower than those of any subsequent 
 observer, it is probable that the solutions were 
 not saturated." (G. Karsten, Karsten u. De- 
 chen's Archiv., 20. 48.) The solution saturated 
 at 20 contains 26.4% of Na Cl, and is of 1.2021 
 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859,109. 
 326.) That saturated at 10 contains from 27.8% 
 to 30.4% of it (Eller) ; at 38 (of B.'s thermometer), 
 23.7% (Bcerhave) ; in the cold, 22.2% (Fourcroy) ; 
 at 12.5, 30.1% (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 
 291 ); at all temperatures, 27.0% (Fuchs). 100 pts. 
 of a solution saturated at 12 contain 26.423 pts. of 
 Na Cl ; 100 pts. of a solution saturated at its boil- 
 ing-point contain 28.53 pts. of Na Cl. (Fehling, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 77. 382.) 100 pts. of the 
 saturated solution, at its boiling-point (224 F. = 
 106+ C.), contain 30 pts. of Na Cl. (T. Grif- 
 fiths, Quar. J. Sci, 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 Na Cl is not deposited from its boiling aqueous 
 solution, unless the vessel containing it is open to 
 the air. (Unger, J. pr. Ch., 1836, 8. 293.) Since 
 
182 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 the solubility of chloride of sodium in water is 
 nearly the same for temperatures between and 
 100, little or no tendency to form supersaturated 
 solutions is observed at these temperatures, but at 
 temperatures below 0, and especially below 10, 
 the phenomenon is well marked. Thus, if a tube 
 in which a saturated solution of salt is boiling be 
 loosely stopped with a pledget of cotton-wool, 
 and after cooling be thrust into a freezing mixture 
 of snow and salt at 19, it may be left there for 
 some time without any separation of the salt, but 
 when the tube is taken up from the snow and the 
 cotton removed from its orifice, so that fresh air 
 can reach the solution, crystals of hydrated chlo- 
 ride of sodium separate out immediately. The 
 success of this experiment is liable to be impaired 
 by the water condensed on the sides of the tube, 
 which often freezes before the solution of salt has 
 been cooled to the desired point. (Schrceder, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 46.) 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 containing percent Boils at C., according to 
 of Na Cl Bischof. 6. Karsten. Legrand. 
 
 5 per cent . 101.50. . 101.10. 100.80 
 10 " 103.03 102.38 101.75 
 15 " 104.63 103.83 103.00 
 20 " 106.26 105.46 104.60 
 
 An aqueous An aqueous 
 solution of Contains solution of Contains 
 sp.gr.atl5 percent sp.gr. at 15 percent 
 (sp.gr. of ofNaCl. (sp. gr. of ofNaCl. 
 water at water at 
 15 =1) 15 =1) 
 
 1.00725 . . 1 1.11146 . . 15 
 1.01450 2 1.11938 16 
 1.02174 3 1.12730 17 
 1.02899 4 1.13523 18 
 1.03624 5 1.14315 19 
 1.04366 6 1.15107 ' 20 
 1.05108 7 1.15931 21 
 1.05851 8 1.16755 22 
 1.06593 9 1.17580 23 
 1.07335 10 1.18404 24 
 1.08097 11 1.19228 25 
 1.08859 12 1.20098 26 
 1.09622 13 1.20433 . . 26.395* 
 1.10384 . . 14 
 (Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, pp. 8, 9.) 
 (See also a table of the sp. gr. of solutions of 
 Na Cl for each degree of temperature between 
 and 100. Ibid., p. 118, et seq.) 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains per cent 
 of sp. gr. of Na Cl. 
 1.037 5 
 
 25 " 107.93 . . 107.27 . 106 60 
 29.4 . . . 107.9 to 108.99 
 ( Cited by G. Karsten in Karsten u. Dechen's Ar- 
 chiv., 20. pp. 45, 49.) 
 
 1.074 10 
 1.112 15 
 1.154 20 
 1.192 25 
 1.204 . 26.43 
 
 In a solution con- 
 taining for 100 The point 
 pts. of water, pts. of ebullition is Difference, 
 of anhydrous elevated. 
 Na Cl 
 
 0.0 .... 0.0 
 
 44 f\ f\ A A 
 
 (Dahlmann, Liebig $ Kopp's Jahresbericht, 1854, 
 7. 323.) 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experi- 
 of sp. gr. (at 20) ment) per cent of 
 Na Cl. 
 
 1.0201 2.94 
 
 .4 U.D . . . 4.4 
 
 7.7 1.0 3.3 
 10.8 1.5 3.1 
 13.4 2.0 2.6 
 15.9 2.5 2.5 
 
 1.0402 5.88 
 1.0617 8.82 
 1.0847 11.76 
 1.1299 17.64 
 1 2021 26 46 
 
 183 3.0 2.4 
 20.7 3.5 2.4 
 23.1 4.0 2.4 
 25.5 4.5 2.4 
 27.7 5.0 2.2 
 29.8 5.5 2.1 
 31.8 6.0 2.0 
 33.9 6.5 2.1 
 35.8 7.0 1.9 
 37.7 7.5 1.9 
 39.7 8.0 ... 2.0 
 41.2 .... 84 
 The point of ebullition of pure water having 
 been 100.2, observed in a glass tube containing 
 bits of metallic zinc. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 431.) 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 containing per cent Boils at C. 
 ofNaCl 
 
 5 1009 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 340.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the following 
 table by means of the formula, D = 1 + 0.006533 
 p + 0.00005785 p 2 0.0000006073 p 8 ; in which 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p the percent- 
 age of substance in the solution. 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 solution per cent solution per cent 
 of sp. gr. of Na Cl. of sp gr. of Na. Cl. 
 (at 20) (at 20) 
 
 1.0066 . . 1 1.1090 . . 15 
 1.0133 2 1.1168 16 
 1.0201 3 1.1247 17 
 1.0270 4 1.1327 18 
 1.0340 5 1.1408 19 
 1.0411 6 1.1490 20 
 1.0483 7 1.1572 21 
 1.0556 8 1.1655 22 
 1.0630 9 1.1738 23 
 1.0705 10 1.1822 24 
 
 10 101.9 
 15 103.3 
 20 105.3 
 25 107.6 
 
 1.0781 ll 1.1906 25 
 1.0857 12 1.1990 26 
 1.0934 13 1.2075 . . 27 
 1.1012 . . 14 
 
 (Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Sahlcesunyen, p. 93.) 
 
 (H.-Sehiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 76 ; 
 compare 113. 185.) 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 183 
 
 A solution of 
 sp. gr. (at 
 12.5) 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 ofNaCl. 
 
 A solution of 
 sp. gr. (at 
 12.5) 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 of Na Cl. 
 
 1.0064 . 
 
 1 
 
 1.0775 . 
 
 . 12 
 
 1.0128 
 
 2 
 
 1.0910 
 
 14 
 
 1.0192 
 
 3 
 
 1.1045 
 
 16 
 
 10256 
 
 4 
 
 1.1182 
 
 18 
 
 1 0320 
 
 5 
 
 1.1320 
 
 20 
 
 1.0384 
 
 6 
 
 1.1462 
 
 22 
 
 1.0448 
 
 7 
 
 1.1608 
 
 24 
 
 1.0502 ' 
 
 8 
 
 1.1760 
 
 26 
 
 1.0576 
 
 9 
 
 1.1920 
 
 28 
 
 1.0640 . 
 
 . 10 
 
 1.2100 
 
 30 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 298.) 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 of sp. gr., at 19.5 
 (sp. gr. of water at 
 19.5 = 1) 
 1.0460 . . 
 1.0895 
 1.1303 
 1.1712 
 1.2036 . . 
 (Kremers, Pogg. 
 
 Contains 
 
 Per cent of Pts. of Na Cl 
 
 Na Cl. 
 
 dissolved in 100 
 p:s. of water. 
 
 . 6.84 
 
 13.98 
 
 21.26 
 
 29.25 
 . 36.11 
 The second 
 
 . 6.402 . . 
 12.265 
 17.533 
 22.631 
 
 , . 26.530 . . 
 Ann., 95. 120. 
 
 column is from Gerlach's Sj>. Gew. der Salzlcesun- 
 gen, p. 33.) An aqueous solution saturated at 
 18.75 is of 1.2046 sp. gr. (C. J. B. Karsten) ; a 
 solution saturated at 8 is of 1 205 sp. gr. (An- 
 thon, Ann. der P harm., 1837, 24. 210.) 
 
 G. Karsten, in his memoir (Karsten it. Dechen's 
 Archiv.,Vol. 20) cited above, has published a very 
 elaborate and complete table of the sp. grs. of 
 solutions of salt, to which we would refer the 
 reader who may desire special information upon 
 the subject. 
 
 Contrary to the assertion of various authors, 
 chloride of sodium is soluble in alcohol, and seems 
 to be much more so when accompanied by chlo- 
 rate of soda. (Chenevix, from Phil. Trans., 1802, 
 in Nicholson's Journ. of Nat. Phil., 3. 185.) 
 
 100 pts. of 
 
 alcohol of 0.900 sp. gr. dissolve 5.8 pts. of it. 
 0.872 " 3.67 " 
 
 0.834 " . " 0.5 " 
 
 (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274 [T.].) 
 100 pts. of alcohol which Dissolve at 25 C. 
 
 contains per cent by pts. of Na Cl. 
 
 weight of absolute alcohol 
 
 0.0 35.70 
 
 8.4 30.49 
 
 16.7 24.84 
 
 25.1 19.30 
 
 33.4 16.08 
 
 41.8 13.28 
 
 50.2 11.28 
 
 58.5 7.96 
 
 66.9 5.95 
 75.2 . 3.75 
 83.6 1.59 
 
 (H. Kopp, from his Ueber die Modification der 
 mittlern Eigenschaft u. s. w., p. 171, in Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pha'rm., 1841, 40. 206.) 
 
 Alcohol of 75% by wt. dissolves 0.661% Na Cl at 14 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) in 
 
 alcohol of 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per cent by weight 
 0.958 . . . 30 . . 
 0.939 40 
 
 0.917 50 
 
 0.895 60 
 
 0.847 ... 80 
 
 Contains per 
 cent of Na Cl. 
 
 . 14.9 
 11.7 
 8.9 
 5.6 
 1.2 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 95.5 
 
 95.5 
 
 0.700 
 0.736 
 1.033 
 0.174 
 0.171 
 
 15.25 C 
 
 38 
 
 71.5 
 
 15.0 
 
 77.25 
 
 (R. Wagner, J. pr. Ch., 40. 448.) 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) in Contains per 
 
 alcohol of cent of Na Cl. 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per cent by weight 
 1.000 ... ... 26.4 
 0.986 10 22.2 
 
 0.972 . . , 20 . 18.4 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u.Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 Schiff (foe. cit., p. 366) remarks that R. Wagner's 
 determination of the solubility of Na Cl in akohol 
 of 75% (vid. sup.) does not agree with his own 
 results. A solution in wood-spirit, of 40% (by 
 weight), saturated at 15, contains 13% of it. (H. 
 Schiff; Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118.365.) 
 
 Ether precipitates it from the alcoholic solution. 
 (Gmelin.) Very sparingly soluble in a mixture 
 of equal parts of absolute alcohol and ether. (Ber- 
 zelius; Rammelsberg.) Almost absolutely insol- 
 uble in a mixture of equal volumes of anhydrous 
 alcohol and ether ; 500 milligrs. of Na Cl treated 
 with such a solution yielded only a milligrm. to 
 the liquid. (J. Lawrence Smith, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 16. 57.) 100 pts. of a mixture of equal volumes 
 of 96% alcohol and 98% ether, dissolves 0.11 pt. 
 of Na Cl. (W. Mayer, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 
 205.) Insoluble in oil of turpentine. (T. S. 
 Hunt, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 19. 417.) Soluble in gly- 
 cerin. (Pelouze.) Much less soluble in very 
 dilute chlorhydric acid than in water. Concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid precipitates it from the 
 aqueous solution. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium with elevation of temperature, all of 
 the N H 4 Cl being precipitated. ( Vauquelin, Ann. 
 de Chim., 13. 94.) When bits of chloride of am- 
 monium are added to a saturated aqueous solution 
 of chloride of sodium a portion of the latter salt 
 is precipitated while chloride of ammonium dis- 
 solves until the solution, at 18.75, is of 1.1799 
 sp. gr. This solution contains 32.64% of saline 
 matter. Or, 100 pts. of water dissolve 48.44 pts. 
 of the mixed salts, viz. 26.38 pts. of Na Cl and 
 22.06 pts. of N H 4 Cl. The same solution may 
 be prepared by acting oo a mixture of Na Cl and 
 N H 4 Cl with pure water. (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 handl., 1840, pp. 106, 107.) If equal weights of 
 saturated solutions of Na Cl and N H4 Cl be mixed, 
 the mixture is capable of dissolving a further 
 portion of either of these salts without precipitat- 
 ing any of that already dissolved ; if the solu- 
 tions have been mixed in other proportions, how- 
 ever, precipitation may of course occur. (Kar- 
 sten.) 
 
 Insoluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 calcium. (Vauquelin, Ann. de Chim., 13. 95.) 
 Chloride of sodium is much more soluble in hot 
 than in cold water which contains in solution 
 chloride of magnesium or chloride of calcium, 
 pure chloride of sodium separating out as the so- 
 lutions cool. On the other hand, a considerable 
 quantity of chloride of sodium is precipitated 
 when its aqueous solution, saturated at the ordi- 
 nary temperature, is mixed with a solution of 
 chloride of magnesium, or chloride of calcium, 
 similarly saturated. According to Fuehs, these 
 reactions depend upon the strong affinity of the 
 deliquescent salts for water at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, they being thus enabled to deprive the 
 chloride of sodium of a portion of its solvent; 
 and upon the fact that they melt in their own 
 water of crystallization at temperatures below that 
 at which the saturated solution of chloride of 
 sodium boils. (Fuchs & G. Reichenbach, Kast- 
 ner's Archiv., 1826, 7. 410, et seq.) Less soluble 
 
184 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 in a concentrated solution of chloride of calcium 
 than in' pure water. (Hermann.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 barium, with elevation of temperature and precipi- 
 tation of Ba Cl. (Vauquelin, Ann. de Chim., 
 13. 94.) If crystals of chloride of barium be 
 added to a saturated solution of Na Cl they are 
 dissolved, at first without separation of Na Cl, but 
 after a certain amount has been thus dissolved, 
 the solution of further portions occasions the pre- 
 cipitation of Na Cl, and this reaction goes on 
 until the amounts of the two salts in solution 
 have attained a certain definite equilibrium. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 109.) [See also 
 under Chloride of Barium.] Soluble in a satu- 
 rated solution of chloride of potassium, with ele- 
 vation of temperature and precipitation of K Cl. 
 (Vauquelin, Ann.de Chim., 13. 94.) When chlo- 
 ride of potassium is added to a saturated solution 
 of chloride of sodium it dissolves, while Na Cl is 
 precipitated until a certain definite equilibrium is 
 attained. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 109.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 ammonia, without causing any precipitation of the 
 latter. (Karsten.) Soluble in a saturated solu- 
 tion of nitrate of ammonia, from which solution 
 it is not displaced by salts which would precipitate 
 it from its solution in pure water. (Margueritte, 
 C. R., 38. 307.) Soluble in a solution of nitrate 
 of soda, with elevation of temperature and precip- 
 itation of NaO, N O 5 . The solution obtained 
 marks 29 B. (Vauquelin, Ann. de Chim., 13. 
 92.) When crystals of nitrate of soda are added 
 to a saturated solution of chloride of sodium, the 
 former rapidly dissolve while Na Cl is precipitated. 
 After the reaction is completed the solution at 
 18.75 contains 43.9% of mixed salt. Or, 100 pts. 
 of water dissolve 78.11 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 
 25.22 pts. NaCl, and 52.89 pts. Na O, N O 5 . A 
 mixed solution of identical composition is ob- 
 tained when mixed Na Cl and Na O, N O s are 
 treated with water. (Karsten, loc. ci.t., p. 108.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of pot- 
 ash, with slight elevation of temperature. The 
 mixed solution obtained is now capable of dis- 
 solving more nitrate of potash ; the solubility of 
 the latter appearing to increase in the same ratio 
 as the quantity of chloride of sodium present. 
 [See also under Nitrate of Potash.] (Fourcroy 
 & Vauquelin, Ann. de Chim, 11. 130, et seq.) When ! 
 a mixed solution of chloride of sodium and of ni- 
 trate of potash is evaporated at the boiling tem- 
 perature, Na Cl separates out, while K O, N Os 
 remains in solution. At the ordinary temperature 
 the converse of this is true, K O, N OB separating 
 out before NaCl. (Vauquelin, Ann. de Chim., 13. 
 97.) Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 potash, a few needles of K O, N Os separating out 
 at first, but these soon re-dissolve. The solution 
 thus obtained at 18.13 contains 40.34% of mixed 
 salt. Or, 100 pts. of water dissolve 67.7 pts. of 
 mixed salt, viz. 38.25 pts. NaCl and 29.45 pts. 
 K O, N Os. This solution is not of the same com- 
 position as that prepared by treating a mixture of 
 the two salts with water. Such a solution pre- 
 pared at 18.75 contained 43.73% of mixed salt. 
 Or, 100 pts. of water dissolve 77.72 pts. of mixed 
 salt, viz. 39.19 pts. NaCl and 38.53 pts. K 0, 
 NO 5 . (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl,, 1840, p. 118.) 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of ba- 
 ryta (Karsten, loc. cit.), with diminution of tem- 
 perature and without occasioning any precipita- 
 tion. (Vauquelin, loc. cit., p. 93.) Insoluble in a 
 solution of nitrate of lime. Somewhat soluble in 
 a saturated solution of titrate of magnesia, with 
 
 slight elevation of temperature and deposition of 
 a small portion of -Mg 0, N Os. ( Vauquelin, loc. 
 cit., 13. 93.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate of 
 ammonia, with elevation of temperature and pre- 
 cipitation of a considerable portion of N H 4 O, S 3 . 
 (Vauquelin.) Soluble in a cold saturated solu- 
 tion of sulphate of soda, with elevation of tempera- 
 ture, and precipitation of some Na O, S 3 . At 
 the boiling temperature, however, Na Cl is precip- 
 itated, when sulphate of soda is added to the 
 solution. (Vauquelin, pp. 90-92.) Soluble in a 
 saturated solution of sulphate of soda, at first 
 without any precipitation, but subsequently with 
 precipitation of Na O, S O 3 A solution of the 
 same sp. gr. as the above is obtained when a mix- 
 ture of the two salts is treated with water at the 
 same temperature. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 114.) Soluble in a saturated solution of 
 sulphate of potash (Karsten), with elevation of 
 temperature and precipitation of some K O, S O 3 . 
 (Vauquelin.) Soluble in a saturated solution of 
 sulphate of magnesia, with slight diminution of 
 temperature, and precipitation of some Mg 0, S O 8 . 
 (Vauquelin, loc. cit., pp. 90-92; Karsten, loc. cit., 
 p. 115.) Soluble in a saturated solution of sul- 
 phate of copper (Karsten); and of sulphate of zinc, 
 a quantity of a double salt (NaO, S 8 ; Zn O, 
 S O 3 ) separating. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 127.) When 
 one equivalent of chloride of sodium (NaCl), in 
 aqueous solution, is mixed with a solution of an 
 equivalent of sulphate of zinc (Zn 0, S 3 ), 0.72 of 
 it are decomposed to sulphate of soda, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while 0.28 of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of sulphate of magnesia 0.545 of 
 it are decomposed as before, while 0.455 of it re- 
 main unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) Soluble in a saturated solution 
 of acid sulphate of alumina, with diminution of 
 temperature; no precipitate is formed. (Vauque- 
 lin, loc. cit., pp. 90- 92.) 
 
 Soluble in a solution of chlorate of potash. 
 The solution thus obtained can now dissolve a 
 further portion of K O, Cl OB. (Margueritte, 
 C. R., 38.305.) 
 
 b = Na Cl + 4 Aq Crystallizes from saturated so- 
 lutions of common salt, at tem- 
 peratures below 5 @ 10. 
 
 Efflorescent at temperatures below 0, but, par- 
 tially deliquescent at temperatures above 0. 
 (Fuchs, Kastner's Arckiv., 1826, 7. 415.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM & bichloride OF TIN. 
 I.) NaCljSnCl, Hygroscopic. (Wittstein.) 
 II.) Nad; SnCi 2 + 6 Aq Permanent; efflores- 
 cing only in warm air. 
 Very easily soluble. (Bolley.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM & OF URANiuM(basic). 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM & OF ZINC. Easily 
 soluble in water, apparently with decomposition. 
 (Schindler.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM with prufoCYANiDE OF 
 Na Cl ; 2 Hg Cy MERCURY. Readily soluble, es- 
 pecially in hot water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Poggiale ; Brett.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM with GLUCOSE(Grape 
 
 2 C 12 H 12 18 ; Na Cl + 2 Aq sugar) . Permanent. 
 
 Soluble in 3.685 pts. 
 
 of cold water. Difficultly soluble in alcohol. Very 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol of 96%. Melts in its 
 water of crystallization at 120, when rapidly 
 heated. 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 185 
 
 Insoluble in oil of turpentine. (T. S. Hunt, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 19.416.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM with GLYCOCOLL. Sol- 
 uble in water; less soluble in alcohol. (Horsford.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM with IODATE OF SODA. 
 
 Na Cl ; Na 0, IO S + 12 Aq Permanent. Decomposed 
 
 by water, which removes 
 
 chloride of sodium. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM with MANNITE. Sol- 
 uble in water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Riegel.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM with SULPHURIC ACID 
 
 Na Cl ; X 8 Oj (anhydrous). Instantly decomposed 
 
 by moisture. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SODIUM with UREA. Deliques- 
 Na Cl ; C 2 H 4 N 2 Oj + 2 Aq cent Very soluble in 
 water. Partially decom- 
 posed by absolute alcohol. 
 
 Unlike chloride of sodium, it is soluble in toler- 
 ably large quantity in ether, and alcohol. 
 
 Z?I'CHLORIDE OF STANN(ZC)AMMONIUM. Per- 
 N \ 1 * 3 CL, manent - Completely soluble in cold 
 
 I Sn> water, but after several days, or when 
 heated, the solution is liable to become 
 suddenly gelatinous. (H.Rose.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STANN(IC)AMYL. Soluble in 
 
 (Chloride ofbiStannAmyl.) alcohol, and ether. 
 Sn 2 (C 10 H n ), Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STANN(Z'C)A'AMYL. Less solu- 
 Sn, (C 10 H u ) 2 , Cl ble in alcohol, and ether, than 
 
 the chloride of stann(ous)amyl. 
 CHLORIDE OF STANN(zc)inAMYL. Insoluble in 
 SngfCuHj,),, Cl water. Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STANN(tc)fe<rAMYL. Insoluble 
 Snj (C 10 H n ) 4 , Cl in water. Soluble even in dilute 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STANN(OWS)AMYL. Readily sol- 
 (Chloride of siannAmyl.) able in alcohol, and ether. 
 Sn(C 10 H u ), Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SiANN(tc)(nETHYL. Miscible in 
 (Chloride of % StannEthyl.) all proportions with al- 
 Sn 2 (C 4 H 5 ) s , ci cohol, and ether. (Loe- 
 
 wig.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF tefraSiANNETHYL. Soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether, from both of which it is pre- 
 cipitated by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STANN(OUS)ETHYL. Soluble in 
 Sn (C 4 H s ), ci water. 
 
 2 (C 4 H 5 Sn), Cl Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Lee- 
 wig.) 
 
 Sn 2 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 . Cl ; 6 (Sn C 4 H 5 , Cl) 
 Sn 4 (C 4 H B ) 5 , Cl 
 Sn 6 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 , Cl Soluble in ether. (Lcewig.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STANN(OUS)METHYL. 
 C, H s Sn, Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STIBC&'AMYL. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STiitfn'AMYL. Insoluble in 
 Sb \ (C 10 H..) ci. water. Easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Berle.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STIB<ETHYL. 
 I.) Sb|(C 4 H 6 ),Cl Deliquescent. Very soluble 
 in water. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid, with combina- 
 tion. (Merck,) 
 
 TT \ Sh J ic H i ri Insoluble in water. Read- 
 II.) Sb J (C 4 H 5 ) 3 ,C1 2 . iy goiuble 
 
 ether. (Loewig & Schweitzer.) 
 24 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STIBE-THYLIUM. More deli- 
 Sb J (C 4 H 3 ) 4 , Cl + 3 Aq quescent than chloride of 
 calcium. Very easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STIBMETHYLETHYLIUM. Per- 
 
 SbS 2 S 3 }ci manent. Soluble in water. (Fried- 
 H 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. Very sol- 
 
 Sb / (C, H 3 ) 4 , ci uble in water ; less soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Landolt.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STILBENE. There are two ISO- 
 CM H 12 ", C1 2 meric modifications : 
 a.) small monoclinic crystals. Almost insoluble in 
 boiling alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in ether. 
 
 /*.) octagonal tables. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and still more soluble in ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STRONTIUM. Permanent. De- 
 Sr Cl -f 6 Aq liquesces in moist air. The anhy- 
 drous salt is soluble in 1.5 pts. of 
 water at 15, and in 0.8 pt. at boiling. (Du- 
 mas, Tr.) Soluble in 1.996 pts. of water at 15. 
 (Gerlach's determination, see his table of sp. grs., 
 below.) 
 
 1 pt. of anhydrous chloride of strontium is 
 soluble in 2.21 pts. of water at 0.5 
 
 2.20 
 2.07 
 1.88 
 1.69 
 1.55 
 1.39 
 1.24 
 1.09 
 1.02 
 0.99 
 0.89 
 
 -f 2 
 8 
 20 
 29 
 37* 
 47 
 57 
 67 
 84 
 93 
 
 106" 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is 
 
 soluble in 2.27 pts. of water at 
 
 1.88 
 1.54 
 1.18 
 1.08 
 0.98 
 
 20 
 40 
 60 
 80 
 100 
 
 This new set of determinations was made with 
 care, since their author has frequently observed a 
 slight tendency in this salt to form supersaturated 
 solutions. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 66.) The 
 hydrated salt is soluble in 0.75 pt. of cold water, 
 and in all proportions in hot water. (Hope [?].) 
 Ure (Diet.} cites from two sets of observations : 
 100 pts. of water at 87.7 dissolve 43 pts. of it. 
 
 15.5 " 150 
 
 " 100 " an unlimited am't. 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of water at 18.75. (AH, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht,fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous 
 solution per cent of solution 
 of sp. gr. Sr Cl + 6 Aq. of sp.gr. 
 
 Contains 
 per cent of 
 SrCl-|-6Aq. 
 
 (at 15) 
 1.00907 . 
 
 . 1 
 
 (at 15) 
 1.09287 
 
 . 10 
 
 1.01813 
 
 2 
 
 1.10307 
 
 11 
 
 1.02720 
 
 3 
 
 1.11327 
 
 12 
 
 1.03626 
 
 4 
 
 1.12347 
 
 13 
 
 1 .04533 
 
 5 
 
 1.13367 
 
 14 
 
 1.05484 
 
 6 
 
 1.14387 
 
 15 
 
 1.06435 
 
 7 
 
 1.15488 
 
 16 
 
 1.07385 
 
 8 
 
 1.16588 
 
 17 
 
 1.08336 . 
 
 . 9 
 
 1.17689 
 
 . . 18 
 
186 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution of per cent solution of per cent 
 
 sp. gr. of sp. gr. of 
 
 (at 15) SrCl+6Aq. (at 15) SrCl + 6Aq. 
 
 1.18789 . . 19 1.28363 . . 27 
 
 1.19890 20 1.29642 28 
 
 1.21073 21 1.30920 29 
 
 1.22255 22 1.32199 30 
 
 1.23439 23 1.33575 31 
 
 1.24622 24 1.34951 32 
 
 1.25805 25 1.36327 33 
 
 1.27085 . . 26 1.36847 . . 33.378* 
 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 (Th. Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlaesungen, 1859, 
 p. 15.) 
 
 An aqueous solution saturated at 8 is of 1.379 
 sp. gr. (Anthon, Ann. derPharm., 1837, 24. 211.) 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 of sp. gr. (at 19.5) 
 
 Contains pts. of the an- 
 hydrous salt dissolved 
 in 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.0823 9.81 
 
 1.1632 20.12 
 
 1.2401 30.57 
 
 1.3114 41.04 
 
 1.3816 51.69 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann , 99. 444.) 
 The saturated solution boils at 114. (Kremers, 
 
 Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 
 
 In a solution containing The boiling- 
 
 for 100 pts. of water, point is ele- Difference. 
 
 pts. of anhydrous Sr Cl vated. 
 
 0.0 
 
 16.7 1 . . 16.7 
 
 25.2 2 8.5 
 32.1 3 6.9 
 37.9 4 5.8 
 
 43.4 5 5.5 
 
 48.8 6 5.4 
 54.0 7 5.2 
 
 59.0 8 5.0 
 
 63.9 9 4.9 
 68.9 10 5.0 
 
 74.1 11 5.2 
 79.6 12 5.5 
 
 85.3 13 5.7 
 
 91.2 14 5.9 
 
 97.5 15 6.3 
 104.0 16 6.5 
 110.9 17 6.9 
 117.5 (saturated) . 17.85 . . 6.6 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 100.4. (Legrand, Ann. Ch, et Phys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 436.) The anhydrous salt is solu- 
 ble in from 111.6 to 116.4 pts. of alcohol, of 99.3%, 
 at 14.5, and in 262 pts. of the same alcohol, at 
 boiling. (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 
 59. 127.) The hydrated salt is soluble in 6 pts. of 
 alcohol, of 0.833 sp. gr., at 15. (Vauquelin.) 
 Soluble in 24 pts. of absolute alcohol at 15, and 
 in 19 pts. at the temperature of boiling. (Bu- 
 cholz, Bettrage, 3. 29. [T.].) Soluble in 2.5 pts. 
 of boiling alcohol. Concentrated chlorhydric acid 
 precipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Hope.) 
 Less soluble in acidulated than in pure water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STRONTIUM & protochloride OF 
 Sr Cl ; Sn Cl 4- 4 Aq TIN. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STRONTIUM & bichloride OF TIN. 
 Sr Cl ; Sn CI 2 + 5 Aq 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STRONTIUM with protoCYANiDE 
 Sr Cl ; 2 Hg Cy + 6 Aq OF MERCURY. Easily sol- 
 uble in water and in dilute 
 alcohol. (Brett.) Readily soluble in water. 
 (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STYRACTL(or OF STYRYL). In- 
 C 18 H 9 Cl soluble in water. Difficultly soluble in 
 cold, more readily soluble in hot alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in ether. (Ramdohr.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF STYRACYLAMMONIUM. Soluble 
 
 ( C 18 H B CI in water. 
 
 ( H s 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SUCOINYL. Decomposed by 
 C 8 H 4 4 ", CI 2 water, and alcohol. Soluble in an- 
 hydrous ether. Easily soluble in 
 ammonia. (Gerhardt & Chiozza.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ^SULPHIDE OF METHYL. Vid. 
 Chloride of Sulphur with Sulphide of Methyl. 
 
 ^'CHLORIDE OF SULPHOBENZID. Vid. Chlor- 
 hydrate of ftt'ChloroSulphoBenzid. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SULPHOBENZOYL. Insoluble 
 
 (Sulphate of biChloroBenzylene. in water, but is slowly 
 
 CMoro Sulpha^ Bemnic Add.) decomposed thereby. 
 
 Pin H 4 S 2 6 , oi 2 Soluble in alcohol, with 
 
 evolution of heat and 
 
 decomposition. Soluble in ether, apparently with- 
 out decomposition. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in an aqueous or alcoholic solution of ammonia. 
 (Limpricht & v. Uslar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 
 250.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SULPHOPHENYL. Insoluble in 
 (Sulphite of Chloro Benzene, water. Readily soluble 
 Phenyl Sulphurous Chloride.) in a i cono l. (Gerhardt & 
 C 12 H B S 2 2 , Cl Chiozza.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SULPHOPHENYLAMIDYL. De- 
 C,, H. S, 0," , composed by water, alcohol, 
 )U and ether. (Gerhardt, Ann. 
 Ch. ttPhys., (3.) 53.310.) 
 
 A'CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR. Slowly decom- 
 (ProtoCfilorme de Soufre posed by water. Soluble 
 (incorrectly).) j n alcohol, with decompo- 
 
 S " C1 sition. (Stiimcke.) Sol- 
 
 uble in ether, with subsequent decomposition. 
 (Dumas.) Readily miscible with bisulphide of 
 carbon.) " Chloride of sulphur" is easily soluble 
 in oil of turpentine, with evolution of heat. 
 
 " Chloride of sulphur" is easily soluble in 
 caoutchin. (Himly.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORiDE OF SULPHUR. Slowly de- 
 (Incorrectly DeutoChlorure composed by water ; im- 
 de Soufre.) mediately decomposed by 
 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Solid proto Chloride of Sulphur. Decomposed by 
 1 water. Readily soluble in dichloride of sulphur. 
 (Millon.) 
 
 ^'CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR. Decomposed by 
 water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 TerCflLORiDE OF SULPHUR. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 CHLOJRIDE OF SULPHUR & OF TIN. It forms 
 Sn C1 3 ; 2 S C1 2 a milky solution with water. Sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in dilute 
 nitric acid. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR & OF TITANIUM. De- 
 liquescent. Decomposed by water. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR with SULPHIDE OF 
 
 (Chloride of bi Sulphide of Methyl.) METHYL. 
 C 4 H 6 S 2 ; S 2 C1 2 
 
 CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR with SULPHIDE OF 
 (ChloroiSulphate of Sulphide of Nitrogen.) NITROGEN. 
 
 I.) S Cl ; N S 2 | Very easily decom- 
 
 II.) SCl; 2(NS,)(?) ) posed. 
 
 III.) SCl;3(NS 2 ) Tolerably permanent. Slow- 
 
 (Chloro Sulphide of Nitrogen. Chlo- ly decomposed by 
 TO Sulphate of Sulphide of Nitrogen. * ure wa t*r ; in- 
 Sulpkazotic Chloride of Nitrogen.) utl decom- 
 
 XT ( C,, 
 N 1H 2 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 187 
 
 posed by water containing a little ammonia. Very ! 
 sparingly soluble ip bisulphide of carbon. (For- 
 dos & Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 32. 407.) 
 
 IV.) s Cl -, N S 3 Soluble in water, with subse- 
 (C/Uoro Sulphide of Nitrogen.) quent partial decom- 
 position. Insoluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Soubeiran.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TANTALUM. Decomposed by 
 Ta C1 2 water, to chlorhydric acid and insoluble tan- 
 talic acid. Completely soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. Decomposed, with solution, by concen- 
 trated sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids ; also par- 
 tially by potash-lye ; but a solution of carbonate of 
 potash does not dissolve any of it. (H. Rose.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TELLURETHYL. Sparingly sol- 
 C 4 H B Te, Cl uble in water and in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. (Wcehler.) 
 
 . PrOtoCHLORIDE OF TELLURIUM. 
 
 I.) Te Cl Hygroscopic. Decomposed by water. 
 II.) basic. 
 
 -Bi'CHLORIDE OF TELLURIUM. 
 
 I.) TeCi 2 Deliquesces more rapidly than chlo- 
 ride of calcium. Decomposed by 
 water. Completely soluble in boiling water. 
 When the hot aqueous solution is allowed to cool 
 slowly, tellurous acid crystallizes out, and a basic 
 salt also. Soluble, without decomposition, in 
 chlorhydric acid, and this solution can be diluted 
 with water to a considerable extent without being 
 precipitated. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 1133.) It is 
 decomposed by water even in the cold ; but is 
 completely dissolved by a large excess of water. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 150.) 
 
 II.) basic. Somewhat soluble, especially in 
 (Tellurite ofbiChloride of Tellurium.') boiling water. 
 
 BJ'CHLORIDE OF TELLURIUM with CHLORIDE 
 OF X. Vid. ChloroTellurate of X. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TELLURMETHYL. Soluble in 
 
 C 2 H 3 Te, Cl warm, much less soluble in cold water 
 
 acidulated with nitric acid. Readily 
 
 soluble in alcohol. (Wffihler & Dean, Ann. Ch. 
 
 u. Pharm., 93. 235.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TETRYL. Vid. Chloride of 
 Butyl. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TETRYLENE. Vid. Chloride of 
 Butylene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF THIONYL. Decomposed by wa- 
 S a 2 , C1 2 ter and by alkaline solutions. (Schiff.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF THORIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 Th Cl ter, with great evolution of heat. The 
 solution is not decomposed by boiling, but 
 chlorhydric acid is given off when it is evaporated. 
 Perfectly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 b = hydrated. Deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 Th Cl + x Aq ter ; less soluble in water acidulated 
 with chlorhydric acid. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF TlN. 
 (Chloro Stannous Acid.) 
 
 I.) normal. When freshly prepared it is readily 
 Sn Cl + 2 Aq and completely soluble, without de- 
 composition, in cold water which 
 has been deprived of air ; even when large quan- 
 tities of water are used. This solution may be 
 boiled without undergoing decomposition, but as 
 soon as air is admitted to it oxidation occurs and 
 precipitation ensues. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 
 143.) Easily soluble in absolute alcohol, espe- 
 
 cially when hot. (Capitaine.) Insoluble in oil 
 of turpentine. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.827055 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 269,836 pts. of the salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478, 482.) Melts in its water of crystallization at 
 41.6, and the liquid may be cooled to 28.3 with- 
 out becoming solid: it boils at 121.7. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 15.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. OxyChloride of Tin. 
 
 -Bi'CHLORIDE OF TlN. 
 
 a.) Ordinary modification. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Absorbs water from the air, and 
 Sn C1 3 combines therewith. Soluble in water. 
 Very soluble in absolute alcohol, with com- 
 bination ; water precipitates it from this solution. 
 (Doebereiner.) In contact with a small quantity 
 of water it forms a solid hydrate, with more water 
 it dissolves completely. On evaporating the aque- 
 ous solution, chlorhydric acid and then bichloride 
 of tin pass off with the aqueous vapor as soon as 
 the solution has become somewhat concentrated ; 
 but the solution remains clear, and the basic salt 
 contained in it is susceptible of crystallizing, and is 
 still soluble in water. On continuing the distilla- 
 tion, much bichloride of tin and chlorhydric acid 
 are evolved, and a residue of binoxide of tin is left. 
 On diluting the aqueous solution with much water 
 and then boiling it, hydrated oxide of tin will be 
 precipitated ; the precipitation may be made com- 
 plete by diluting with a sufficient amount of wa- 
 ter. A solution of bichloride of tin (a) is not pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of nitric or chlorhydric 
 acid, nor does sulphuric acid produce a precipitate, 
 unless the solution has been largely diluted with 
 water ; it is not modified at first by phosphoric acid, 
 but the mixture gelatinizes at the end of several 
 days ; with an aqueous solution of arsenious acid it 
 forms a precipitate, but only after the lapse of some 
 time. No precipitate is produced on the addition 
 of aqueous solutions of the sulphates of potash 
 and soda, the chlorides of potassium, sodium, and 
 ammonium, nitrate of potash, or analogous salts. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) Readily soluble in ether, forming 
 a compound which is easily soluble in an excess 
 of ether, but is precipitated therefrom by water. 
 (Kuhlmann.) Decomposed by oil of turpentine. 
 b = hydrated. When bichloride of tin is treated 
 with a small quantity of water it combines there- 
 with, a hydrate (Sn Clz + 2 Aq) being precipitated ; 
 this dissolves, however, when more water is added. 
 Another hydrate (SnCU+5Aq) is very deli- 
 quescent and soluble in water. (Lewy, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 16. 304.) When heated, the hy- 
 drated salt melts like ice, and solidifies again on 
 cooling. It is easily soluble in water. Alcohol 
 decomposes it with formation of basic protochlo- 
 ride. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 763.) The aqueous 
 solution is decomposed on boiling, the more com- 
 pletely in proportion as the solution is more dilute 
 and as it contains less free chlorhydric acid. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 150.) Soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. When the aqueous solution contains a 
 slight excess of chlorhydric acid it remains clear 
 and unaltered on boiling. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 
 597 ; 3. 763.) Two thirds of the acid of bi9hlo- 
 ride of tin may be abstracted, and the basic tin- 
 salt formed still be soluble in water, but the ab- 
 straction of more acid causes gelatinization. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 23. 222.) 
 /?.) Anomalous modification. [Compare WnOxide 
 ( Chloride of MetaStavnic Acid.) of Tin, /?.] Soluble 
 in cold water, but the 
 
188 
 
 CHLORIDES. 
 
 solution coagulates on boiling. Strong chlorhy- 
 dric acid precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) On evaporating the aqueous 
 solution it behaves quite differently from that of 
 modif. a, becoming troubled on the application of 
 heat, and only chlorhydric acid, but no bichloride 
 of tin, being evolved. On diluting the aqueous 
 solution with much water and then boiling, hy- 
 drated oxide of tin (p) will be precipitated ; other 
 circumstances being equal the oxide /? is more 
 readily precipitated in this case than the oxide . 
 When the solution does not contain an excess of 
 acid, the addition of chlorhydric acid causes an 
 abundant precipitate, though all of the salt cannot 
 thus be removed from the solution ; on decanting 
 the supernatant acid and treating the precipitate 
 with water it dissolves readily. Nitric acid also 
 occasions a slight precipitate in solutions which 
 do not contain an excess of acid, the precipitate 
 being, as before, soluble in water. Dilute sul- 
 phuric acid produces an abundant precipitate of 
 sulphate of tin (/) [q. virf.], even when the solu- 
 tion has not been previously diluted with water. 
 Aqueous solutions of the sulphates of potash and 
 soda produce abundant precipitates, insoluble in 
 water, but soluble in chlorhydric acid. A solu- 
 tion of chloride of sodium also produces a pre- 
 cipitate, but solutions of the chlorides of potas- 
 sium and ammonium do not ; a solution of nitrate 
 of potash gives a precipitate only after a long 
 time. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 ^'CHLORIDE OP TIN with CYANIDE OF 
 C 8 H 6 N, Sn Cl, ETHYL. Instantly decomposed by 
 water, and alcohol. It cannot be 
 recrystallized from ether. (Henke.) 
 
 ZttCHLORIDE OF TlN with CYANIDE OF ME- 
 
 C 4 H 8 N, SnCl a THYL. Instantly decomposed by 
 water, and alcohol. It cannot be 
 recrystallized from ether. (Henke.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TIN with GLYCOCOLL. Some- 
 what soluble in water. (Horsford.) 
 
 ProfoCnLORiDE OF TIN with IODIDE OF TIN. 
 SnCl; SnI Decomposed by water. (Henry, Phil. 
 Trans., 1845, p. 363, [Gm.].) 
 
 BICHLORIDE OF TIN with IODIDE OF TIN. 
 SnCl 2 ; SnI (Kane.) 
 
 BtCHLORIDE OF TlN with NlTRATE OF TlN. 
 
 Highly basic compound, readily soluble in water. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 23. 221.) 
 
 .^CHLORIDE OF TIN with OXALATE OF 
 C 4 H B 0,C 2 8 ; SnCl, ETHYL. Decomposed by 
 water. (Lewy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 16.311.) 
 
 BZ'CHLORIDE OF TIN with OXIDE OF ETHYL. 
 2 C 4 H 6 ; Sn C1 2 Decomposed by water. Easily 
 soluble in ether. (Lewy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 309.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF TlN With OXYCHLORIDE 
 
 2 Sn Cl ; P 0, Cl, OF PHOSPHORUS. Hygroscopic, 
 with decomposition. Decomposed 
 by water. (Casselmann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 01. 
 242.) 
 
 BICHLORIDE OF TIN with PHOSPHURETTED 
 P H 3 ; 3 Sn C1 2 HYDROGEN. Decomposed by water. 
 
 BICHLORIDE OF TIN with ^SULPHIDE OF 
 (Chloro Sulphide of Tin.) TIN. Decomposed by wa- 
 2 Sn Cl, ; Sn S 2 ter _ (Dumas. ) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TITAN&IAMIN. Deliquesces in 
 
 (Ammonia- Chloride of Titanium.) moist air. Soluble 
 
 N, I H 9 . Ti, Cl, in water, without 
 
 decomposition. (H. 
 
 Rose.) 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF TITANIUM. (?) Unacted 
 upon by water. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 ammonia-water. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 20.391.) 
 
 OF TITANIUM. Hygroscopic. 
 Tijj C1 3 Soluble in water, with evolution of heat. 
 This solution decomposes after a time. 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 387.) 
 
 BICHLORIDE OF TITANIUM. 
 a = anhydrous. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 Ti Cl., with evolution of much heat. If too much 
 water be added at once the chloride is de- 
 composed, binoxide of titanium being formed. On 
 boiling the aqueous solution, and especially if it 
 be acidulated with nitric acid, precipitation oc- 
 curs. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Very hygroscopic. Soluble in wa- 
 TiCJ 2 + 5Aq ter. (Demoly.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TITANIUM with CYANHYDRIC 
 TiCl 2 ; HCy ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water, with evolution of heat, and 
 decomposition. (Wcehler.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TITANIUM with CYANIDE OF 
 C 6 H 6 N, Ti Cl, ETHYL. Instantly decomposed by 
 water, and alcohol. It cannot be 
 recrystallized from ether. (Henke.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TITANIUM with CYANIDE OP 
 C 4 H 3 N,TiCl 2 METHYL. Instantly decomposed 
 by water, and alcohol. It does not 
 recrystallize from its solution in ether. (Henke.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TITANIUM with HYDRATE OP 
 Ti C1 2 ; 2 C 4 H 6 2 ETHYL. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. (Demoly.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TITANIUM with OXIDE OP 
 Ti CI 2 ; 2 C 4 H B ETHYL. Decomposed by water. 
 Easily soluble in ether. (De- 
 moly.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TITANIUM with PHOSPHURET- 
 P H 8 , H Cl ; 2 Ti Cl, TED HYDROGEN. Decomposed 
 by water, acids, and alkaline 
 solutions. (H. Rose.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ToLUENEcAfor<?. Vid. Chloride 
 of ChloroToluene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TOLUENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Chloride of Bemyl. Chloro- Readily soluble in alco- 
 Toluol ChloroToluene Ohio- hol and j n et jj er _ (Qa- 
 ride of Benzethyl. Benzhy- . \ Tt ; jdpntioal 
 
 drochloric Ether. CMoroBen- hours.) It IS Identical 
 znenase. Hydrochlorate of with monochlorotolu- 
 
 Bemylene.) ene. (Cannizzaro.) 
 
 C 14 H 7 Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TOLUYL. Rapidly decomposed 
 C 16 H 7 2 Cl by water. (Cahours.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF a/pAaToLUYL. 
 C 16 H 7 2 , Cl 
 
 CHLORIDE OF TRITYL. Vid. Chloride of Pro- 
 
 P7 1 - 
 
 BJ'CHLORIDE OF TUNGSTEN. Decomposed by 
 WC1 2 water. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 solutions of potash or ammonia. (Wceh- 
 ler.) 
 
 TerCHLORiDE OF TUNGSTEN. Decomposed 
 W Cl. by water (Wcehler), and by absolute alco- 
 
 hol. (Riche.) 
 
 w C1 WC l,.WCl a Quickly decomposed by 
 water, and by exposure to 
 the air. 
 
 ProtoCHLORIDE OF URANIUM. 
 ( Green Chloride of Uranium.) 
 
 I.) UrCl Exceedingly deliquescent. Very ea- 
 
 sily soluble in water, with evolution 
 
 of heat, and apparently with decomposition. When 
 
CHLORIDES. 
 
 189 
 
 the aqueous solution is evaporated to dryness 
 much chlorhydric acid is disengaged, but the resi- 
 due is still soluble in water ; when evaporated in 
 vacuo at the ordinary temperature, a deliquescent 
 mass is obtained differing from the original chlo- 
 ride. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. pp. 10, 
 16.) Dissolves in water with a hissing noise. 
 (Rammelsberg.) The aqueous solution is decom- 
 posed when boiled or evaporated. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) basic. Extremely soluble in water, with 
 Ur, C1 3 decomposition in the course of a few mo- 
 ments. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 6. 20.) 
 
 Sesgw'CHLORiDE OF URANIUM. 
 
 (Chloride of Uranyl.) 
 
 I.) basic. Quickly deliquescent. Easily soluble 
 Ur a Cl. ; 2 Ur 2 3 = (" Ur 2 0, Cl " of Peligot). in water. 
 
 (Pe'ligot, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 36.) Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF VALEETL. Decomposed by 
 C 10 H 9 2 , Cl water. (Moldenhauer.) 
 
 .BICHLORIDE OF VANADIUM. 
 
 a.) Blue modification. Soluble in water. There 
 VClj appear to be two salts, of which the one con- 
 taining most acid is soluble in alcohol. 
 I?. ) Brown modification. Soluble in water. 
 
 TVCHLOHIDE OF VANADIUM. It forms a clear 
 
 V C1 8 solution when treated with much water, but 
 
 is rendered turbid by a small quantity of 
 
 water. Abundantly soluble, with decomposition, 
 
 in alcohol. 
 
 " CHLORIDE OF VINYL." Vid. monoChlor- 
 Ethylene. 
 
 CHLORIDE OF tefraViNYLiuM. Very hygro- 
 C ]8 HI, N, Cl 4- Aq scopic. Soluble in water. 
 (Heintz & Wislicenus.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF YTTRIUM. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 
 Y Cl + 3 Aq uble in water, with evolution of heat. 
 
 (Wcehler.) When heated it melts in 
 
 its water of crystallization. (Steel, in Thomson's 
 
 System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 816.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF XANTHOCOBALT. Rather in- 
 N 0. . 5 N H 8 . Coj 0, Cl a + Aq soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. Readily soluble 
 
 in hot water, but the solution is partially decom- 
 posed on boiling. Insoluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 and in solutions of the alkaline chlorides. Easily 
 decomposed by boiling with acids, even dilute. 
 (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., Vol. 9.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Hygroscopic. Very soluble in 
 Zn Cl water. 
 
 Soluble in 0.333 pt. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschnft fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) The 
 aqueous solution saturated at 12.5 contains 78.5% 
 of it. (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains pts. of the an- 
 
 of sp. gr. hydrous salt dissolved in 
 
 (at 19.5) 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.1331 16.7 
 
 1.2714 38.8 
 
 1.3677 56.3 
 
 1.5336 92-4 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 155.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 Contains An aqueous 
 
 Contains 
 
 solution of 
 
 per cent solution of 
 
 per cent 
 
 sp. gr. 
 
 of the sp. gr. 
 
 of the 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 [cryst.] (at 12.6) 
 
 [cryst.] 
 
 
 salt. 
 
 salt. 
 
 1.0114 . 
 
 . 2 1.2497 . 
 
 . 42 
 
 1.0228 
 
 4 1.2639 
 
 44 
 
 1 .0342 
 
 6 1.2783 
 
 46 
 
 1.0458 
 
 8 
 
 .2927 
 
 48 
 
 1.0573 
 
 10 
 
 .3070 
 
 50 
 
 1.0687 
 
 12 
 
 .3244 
 
 52 
 
 1.0802 
 
 14 
 
 .3402 
 
 54 
 
 1.0966 
 
 16 
 
 .3567 
 
 56 
 
 1.1033 
 
 18 
 
 .3733 
 
 58 
 
 1.1150 
 
 20 
 
 .3900 
 
 60 
 
 1.1267 
 
 22 
 
 .4071 
 
 62 
 
 1.1382 
 
 24 
 
 .4253 
 
 64 
 
 1.1498 
 
 26 
 
 .4457 
 
 66 
 
 1.1614 
 
 28 1.4675 
 
 68 
 
 1.1730 
 
 30 1.4900 
 
 70 
 
 1.1864 
 
 32 1.5164 
 
 72 
 
 1.1967 
 
 34 1.5427 
 
 74 
 
 1.2106 
 
 36 1.5700 
 
 76 
 
 1.2228 
 
 38 1.5987 
 
 . 78 
 
 1.2360 . 
 
 . 40 
 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 299.) 
 Abundantly soluble in hot absolute alcohol, and 
 in ether. Soluble in 1 pt. of strong alcohol at 12.5. 
 (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 300 [T.].) Sol- 
 uble in 0.35 pt. of absolute alcohol, to a viscid 
 liquor, from which a compound of the salt with 
 alcohol subsequently crystallizes out. (Graham.) 
 Soluble at ordinary temperatures in butyl ic alco- 
 hol (hydrate of butyl), but the solution is decom- 
 posed on heating. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 42. 138.) Very easily soluble at ordinary 
 temperatures in caprylic alcohol (hydrate of ca- 
 pryl), but the solution is decomposed when heat- 
 ed. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 115.) 
 Soluble in ether. (Dcebereiner.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Zn Cl, in aqueous so- 
 lution, is mixed with a solution of an equivalent 
 of sulphate of potash (KO, S Os), 0.176 of it are 
 decomposed to sulphate of zinc, which may be 
 precipitated by adding alcohol, while 0.824 of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of sulphate of soda (Na O, S Os), 
 0.29 of it are decomposed as before, while 0.71 
 of it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 6 = Zn Cl + Aq Very soluble in water. When 
 nearly dry it is abundantly sol- 
 uble in alcohol of 36 B. (Masson.) 
 
 II.) basic. 
 (OxyCMoride of Zinc.} 
 
 a = Zn Cl ; 3 Zn + 2 Aq Sparingly soluble in 
 water ; more readily 
 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of zinc. 
 Easily soluble in solutions of caustic ammonia 
 and potash. (Schindler.) 
 
 6 = Zn Cl ; 6 Zn + 6 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 c = Zn Cl ; 9 Zn + 14 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 (Kane; Schmdler.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ZINC & OF ZINCAMMONIUM. 
 Zn Cl N I HS Cl Decomposed by water. (Kane.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ZINC with CYANIDE OF HER- 
 ZnCl;2HgCy + 6Aq CORY. Efflorescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Poggiale.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ZINC with UREA. Very deli- 
 
 Zn Cl ; C, H 4 N, 0, quescent. Extremely soluble 
 
 in water, and alcohol, even 
 
190 
 
 CHLORINE. 
 
 absolute. (Neubauer & Kerner, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 101. 340.) 
 
 CHLORIDE or ZINCH'AMIN. Partially decom- 
 
 ( Ammonia Chloride of Zinc.) posed by water. Solu- 
 
 N 2 H 6 . Zn, Cl 4- Aq ble in warm, less solu- 
 
 ble in cold ammonia- 
 water. (Kane.) 
 
 CHLORIDE OF ZINCAMMONITJM. Soluble in 
 N H 3 p, water. (Kane.) Not completely sol- 
 
 { Zn' ' uble in water. Soluble in a hot aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 separating out again as the solution cools. (Ilitt- 
 hausen.) 
 
 (SeSiJw'CHLORIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Very easily soluble in water, 
 Zr a Cij with evolution of heat. Abundantly solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 Scarcely soluble in concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid. (Dumas, Jr., 6. 321.) Readily soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Gmelin's Handbook.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Efflorescent. Readily soluble in 
 Zr a Cl s + 3 Aq water, and alcohol. If the aque- 
 ous solution be evaporated to dry- 
 ness at 60, half of the acid is expelled, leaving the 
 basic salt. (Ot. Gr.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid, being much less 
 soluble therein than the sesquichloride of iron [or 
 of alumina]. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 186.) 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 a = Zr 2 C1 8 , Zr 2 3 4- 3 Aq 
 
 b = 2 Zr 2 CI 8 ; Zr 2 3 + 24 Aq Efflorescent. Easily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 After having been evaporated on the water-bath it 
 assumes a gummy condition, and is then slowly, 
 though completely, soluble in water. When the 
 aqueous solution is largely diluted with water, 
 and then boiled for some time, it is decomposed, 
 and a more basic insoluble salt separates out. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 504.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 c Zr 2 Clg ; 2 Zr 2 3 Insoluble in water. (Her- 
 mann.) 
 
 CHLORIMASATIN. Insoluble in boiling alco- 
 (ImatMorisatinase.) hoi. Soluble in a solution of 
 C 3J H 9 C1 2 N s 6 potash. (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLORIMESATIN. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Imechlorisatinase.') boiling alcohol. Almost insol- 
 ^i H s C1 N z 2 uble, or insoluble, in ether. 
 
 (Laurent.) Slowly decom- 
 posed by boiling water. 
 
 CHLORINATED CHLORIDE [&c.] OF X. Vid. 
 Chloride [&c.] of Chloro X. 
 
 CHLORINATED OIL FROM CINNAMIC ACID. 
 Difficultly soluble in water. Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, from which it is precipitated by water. 
 (Herzog.) 
 
 CnLORiNDATMiT(of Erdmann). Vid. terChlor- 
 Anilin. 
 
 CHLORINDIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 C 32 H, C! 2 N a chlorhydric acid. (Erdmann.) 
 Soluble in potash-lye. 
 
 ZftCHLORiNDiN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 C S2 H 6 CI 4 N 2 4 or chlorhydric acid. (Erdmann.) 
 
 CHLOR!NDOPTIC ACID. Vid. terChloroPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLORINE. At 15.56, and the ordinary atmos- 
 
 ( Ozymuriatic Acid.) P heric pressure, 1 vol. of water 
 
 Cl takes up about 2 vols. of the 
 
 gas ; if the latter be diluted with 
 
 air then much less is absorbed, but the quantity is 
 
 not proportionate to the abstract pressure of the 
 gas, as is the case with other of the permanent 
 gases. Thus, at ^ of the atmospheric pressure 
 water will take up of its bulk of chlorine, which 
 is more than twice the quantity it ought to take by 
 the rule of proportion. Hence, it is evident that 
 the absorption of this gas by water is partly of 
 a mechanical, and partly of a chemical nature. 
 (Dalton, in his New System, 2. 297.) From to 
 9 its solubility in water increases, but above this 
 point rapidly diminishes, until at 100 scarcely any 
 of the gas is dissolved. (Gay-Lussac.) Water 
 absorbs 2 vols. of it at 15, i. e. 1 pt. by weight is 
 soluble in about 150 pts. of water at this tempera- 
 ture ; but an aqueous solution of chloride of potas- 
 sium absorbs J less. (Berzelius.) 1vol. of water 
 absorbs 3.04 vols. of it at 8. This is the maxi- 
 mum, the solubility decreasing rapidly as the tem- 
 perature is elevated. At 50 1 vol. of water dis- 
 solves 1.09 vols. Below 8 also the solubility di- 
 minishes rapidly, and at water only dissolves 
 about 1 .5 vols. of chlorine. (Pelouze & Fremy, 
 TV.) The aqueous solution, saturated at 6, is of 
 1.003 sp. gr. 
 
 The solution slowly decomposes by keeping, 
 more rapidly when exposed to the light. (Ber- 
 thollet.) 
 
 Dissolves of 
 
 1 vol. of chlorine gas, 
 water, under vols., re- 
 a pressure of duced to 
 (K76ofmer- and (K76 
 cury, at C. pressure of 
 mercury. 
 
 10 . . 2.5852 
 
 11 2.5413 
 
 12 2.4977 
 
 13 2.4543 
 
 14 2.4111 
 
 15 2.3681 
 
 16 2.3253 
 
 17 2.2828 
 
 18 2.2405 
 
 19 2.1984 
 
 20 2.1565 
 
 21 2.1148 
 
 22 2.0734 
 
 23 2.0322 
 
 24 1.9912 
 
 25 . . 1.9504 
 
 (Schoenfeld, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1855, 95. p. 9, 
 and fig.) For the variations in the solubility of 
 chlorine in water which occur when other gases 
 are present, see Roscoe's experiments in Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1855, 95. 357. 
 
 1 vol. of 
 water, under 
 a pressure of 
 (K76 of mer- 
 cury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves of 
 chlorine gas, 
 vols., re- 
 duced to 
 and (K76 
 pressure of 
 mercury. 
 
 26. . 
 
 . 1.9099 
 
 27 
 
 1.8695 
 
 28 
 
 1.8295 
 
 29 
 
 1.7895 
 
 30 
 
 1.7499 
 
 31 
 
 1.7104 
 
 32 
 
 1.6712 
 
 33 
 
 1.6322 
 
 34 
 
 1.5934 
 
 35 
 
 1.5550 
 
 36 
 
 1.5166 
 
 37 
 
 1.4785 
 
 38 
 
 1.4406 
 
 39 
 
 1.4029 
 
 40 . . 
 
 . 1.3655 
 
 1 volume of 
 water at C. 
 
 
 9 
 10 
 12 
 14 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 
 Dissolves vols. (not cor- 
 rected for barometric 
 pressure) of chlorine. 
 
 1.75 I 1.80 
 2.70 2.75 
 2.70 (a) 2.75 
 2.50 2.60 
 2.45 2.50 
 2.00 2.10 
 1.55 1.60 
 1.15 1.20 
 
 70 0.600.65 
 
 (Peloiwe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 188; also 
 cited by Gay-Lussac, Ibid., p. 124.) 
 
CHLOEISATATES. 
 
 191 
 
 1 Tol. of water 
 
 Dissolves of chlorine 
 
 at C. 
 
 vols., reduced to 
 
 
 and 0">.76.* 
 
 
 
 1.43 
 
 3 
 
 1.52 
 
 6.5 
 
 2.08 
 
 7 
 
 2.17 
 
 8 
 
 3.04 
 
 10 
 
 3.00 
 
 17 
 
 2.37 
 
 35 
 
 1.61 
 
 50 
 
 1.19 
 
 70 
 
 0.71 
 
 100 . 
 
 . 0.15 
 
 Na Cl, Ir Clj Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 Soluble in alcohol of 0.837 sp. gr. 
 CHLOR!SAMIC ACID. More soluble than isamic 
 C 32 H U cl 2 N 3 Og acid in alcohol, and ether. Solu- 
 ble in the strong acids. (Laurent.) 
 CHLOR!SAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 ClILORlSAMATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 .Bt'CflLORlSAMIC ACID. 
 
 * The numbers in the table designate only the apparent 
 solubility of chlorine; the true solubility may be obtained 
 
 p 
 by multiplying these figures by _ ; P being the atmos- 
 
 pheric pressure, and / the tension of aqueous vapor corre- 
 sponding to each of the temperatures. Thus, the apparent 
 solubility of chlorine at 70 being 0.71 vol., the true solubili- 
 
 ty would be 0.71 X 
 
 = 2.366 vol. (Gay-Lussac, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 124.) 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of caustic potash 
 absorbs chlorine with difficulty. (Fremy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 370.) Insoluble in benzin. 
 (Moride, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 452.) Chlo- 
 ral, and iodal, absorb a small quantity of chlorine. 
 (Dumas.) Soluble in perchlorethylene (proto- 
 chloride of carbon), without change, when not ex- 
 posed to sunlight. (Faraday.) Soluble in very 
 large quantity, with decomposition, in ether. 
 
 All the metallic chlorides are soluble in water, 
 excepting those of silver and lead, the dichlorides of 
 copper and of mercury, and the protochlorides 
 of gold and platinum. Many of them are soluble 
 in alcohol, ether, volatile oils, glycerin, &c. 
 
 CHLOR!ODIDE OF X. Vid. Chloride & Iodide 
 ofX. 
 
 CHLOR!ODOFORM. Vid. Iodide of fiiChlor- 
 Methyl. 
 
 CHLOR!RIDIC ACID. Deliquescent. Easily 
 
 (Bichloride of Iridium.) soluble in water ; the solu- 
 
 Ir C1 3 tion undergoing decomposi- 
 
 tion when boiled. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 Most of the chloriridiates are very difficultly 
 soluble in water, though a little more soluble than 
 the corresponding chloroplatinates. They are in- 
 soluble, or nearly so, in alcohol, though not quite 
 so difficultly soluble as the chloroplatinates. (EL 
 Rose, TV.) 
 
 CHLOR!RIDIATE OP AMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 
 N H 4 Cl, Ir Cl, 20 pts. of cold water. ( Vauquelin.) 
 
 Soluble in chlorhydric acid. (So- 
 
 bolewsky.) Difficultly soluble in cold, much more 
 
 soluble in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 
 zelius.) Insoluble in a cold aqueous solution of 
 
 chloride of ammonium. (Glaus, Beitrage, p. 55.) 
 
 CHLOR!RIDIATE OF POTASSIUM. Slowly solu- 
 
 KCl, IrClj ble in cold water. Soluble in 15 pts. 
 
 of boiling water, from which only \ 
 
 separates out on cooling. (Vauquelin.) Insoluble 
 
 in alcohol, or in water saturated with chloride of 
 
 calcium, chloride of potassium, or other salts. 
 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 CHLOR!RIDIATE and CHLOR()SMIATE OF Po- 
 3 K Cl ; 2 Ir Clj ; Os Cl, TASSiuM. Soluble in wa- 
 
 ter. (Hermann.) 
 
 CHLOR!RIDIATE and CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 5KC1; IrClj; 4PtCI, POTASSIUM. 
 CHLOR!RIDIATE OF QUININE. 
 CHLOR!RIDIATE OF SODIUM. Deliquescent. 
 
 -BiCHLORlSAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 jBt'CHLORlsAMATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 C 32 H 8 Ag C1 4 N 3 O g 
 
 CHLOR!SAMID. Insoluble in boiling water. 
 (Chlorlsamamide.) Tolerably soluble in alcohol. 
 C M H u Clj N 4 Og Soluble in concentrated acids. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 ;D. Somewhat soluble in alco- 
 (IriChlorisamamide.) hoi ; decomposed by boiling 
 C 32 H 10 C1 4 N 4 Og alcohol. Soluble in strong 
 
 acids. (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLOR!SATHYDE. Vid. Chlorlsatyde. 
 CHLOR!SATIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 ( Cttorlsatinasic Acid. 
 C 16 H 6 C1N0 6 
 
 "b. CHLOH!SATIC ACID." Vid. Chlorlsatydic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLOR!SATATE OF ALUMINA. Appears to be 
 very soluble in water. 
 
 CHLORlSATATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly SOlu- 
 
 C 18 H B Ba Cl N Og + Aq & 3 Aq ble in hot water. 
 (Erdmann.) 
 
 CHLORlSATATE OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. 
 CHLORlSATATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 CHLORlSATATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOR!SATATE of protoxide OF IRON. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOR!SATATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOR!SATATE OF LEAD. Soluble in boiling 
 C 16 H 6 Pb Cl N Og + 2 Aq water. 
 
 CHLOR!SATATE OF LIME. Somewhat soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CHLOR!SATATE OF MAGNESIA. Appears to be 
 very soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOR!SATATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 CHLORlSATATE ofprotoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 CHLORISATATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble 
 C 18 H B K Cl N Og in water. Soluble in spirit ; less 
 so as this is more concentrated. 
 More soluble in boiling, than in cold alcohol. 
 
 CHLORlSATATE OF SlLVER. Soluble in boil- 
 
 C 16 H s Ag Cl N 6 ing, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 Bt'CHLORlsATic ACID. Readily soluble in cold 
 C ie H B Cl 2 N0 8 water. 
 
 " 6. WCHLORlsATic ACID." Vid. fa'Chlorlsaty- 
 dic Acid. 
 
 jBiCHLORlsATATE OF ALUMINA. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 StCHLORlsATATE OF BARYTA. Only slightly 
 C 18 H 4 Ba ci s N 6 & + 2 Aq soluble in cold water. 
 
 JSz'CHLORlSATATE OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. 
 
 Appears to be soluble in water. 
 
 jBt'CHLORlSATATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 C, 6 H 4 Cu C), N 0, 
 
 BiCHLORlsATATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
192 
 
 CHLOROBENZIL. 
 
 ZJt'CHLORlSATATE OP LEAD. Ppt. 
 .Bt'CHLORlSATATE OF MAGNESIA. Appears to 
 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 .BiCnLORlsATATE OF POTASH. Readily solu- 
 
 C 18 H 4 K C1 2 N 8 + 2 Aq ble in cold, and still more 
 
 readily soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Difficultly soluble in cold alcohol, much 
 more easily soluble in boiling alcohol, Soluble in 
 spirit, the more abundantly in proportion as it con- 
 tains less alcohol. (Erdmann.) 
 
 ZftCHLORlsATATE OF SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 C, 8 H 4 Ag Cl, N 6 uble in boiling water, from which 
 it separates out as the solution 
 cools. 
 
 CHLOR!SATIN. Only slightly soluble in cold 
 (CUorlsatinase.) water. Soluble in 1000 pts. of 
 C 18 H 4 Cl N 4 water at 0, and in more than 200 
 pts. at boiling. Soluble in 220 
 pts. of alcohol, of 0.83 sp. gr., at 14; and more 
 readily in boiling alcohol. (Erdmann.) Sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 it is precipitated, apparently undecomposed, by 
 water. Soluble in a cold solution of caustic pot- 
 ash, with subsequent decomposition ; the solution 
 is immediately decomposed on boiling. 
 
 CHLORISATIN with ARGENTAMMONIUM. Ppt., 
 C, 8 H s (N H, Ag) Cl N 4 from alcohol. 
 
 CHLOR!SATIN with POTASSIUM. 
 
 CHLOR!SATIN with SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 ZJt'CHLORlsATiN. Rather more soluble in wa- 
 (Chlorlsatinese.) ter, and much more soluble in 
 C t8 H, Clj N 4 alcohol than chlorisatin. Soluble 
 in 30 pts. of alcohol of 0.83 sp. gr., 
 at 14. (Erdmann ) Soluble in a cold aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash. 
 
 with POTASSIUM. 
 
 with SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOR!SATINASE. Fid. Chlorisatin. 
 
 CHLORISATINASIO ACID. Vid. Chlorlsatic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLOR!SATO SULPHUROUS ACID. Not known 
 in the free state. 
 
 CHLORISATOSULPHITE OF POTASH. Only 
 
 C, 6 H s Cl K N 8 , 2 S 0, slightly soluble in cold 
 
 water. 
 
 BiCHLORlsATO SULPHITE OF POTASH. Slight- 
 C J8 H 4 C1 2 KN0 8) 2S0 2 ly soluble in cold water. 
 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLOR!SATTDE. Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 C M H 10 C1 2 N 2 8 soluble in warm water. Soluble 
 in boiling, less soluble in cold al- 
 cohol. Soluble in a solution of caustic potash, with 
 decomposition, and in a solution of sulphide of 
 potassium, apparently without decomposition. 
 
 Bi'CHLORlSATYDE. 
 C 32 H 8 CI 4 N 2 8 
 
 CHLOR!SATYDIC ACID. Soluble in boiling 
 (a.ChlorisaticAcid.) water; separating out again 
 C 18 H 8 C1N0 4 as the solution cools. (Erd- 
 
 mann.) 
 
 CHLOR!SATYDATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 hot water ; separating out again as the solution 
 cools. 
 
 CHLOR!SATYDATE OF COPPER. Soluble in ho't 
 water ; separating out again as the solution cools. 
 
 CHLOR!SATYDATE OF LEAD. Soluble in hot 
 water ; separating out again as the solution cools. 
 
 CHLOR!SATYDATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water, and in alcohol. 
 
 ACID. Soluble in boiling 
 (b.biCMorisatic Add.) water. (Erdmann.) 
 Cj 2 H JO C1 4 N 2 O g 
 
 ZJi'CHLORlSATYDATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 
 boiling, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 ZJj'CHLORlSATYDATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 
 boiling water ; separating out again on cooling. 
 
 .Bi'CHLORlsATYDATE OF POTASH. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 Zft'CHLORlSATYDATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOR!SATYDASE. Vid. Chlorlsatyde. 
 
 CHLOR!SATYDE. Insoluble in cold, very slightly 
 (Chlorlsathyda.se.) soluble in hot water. Slightly 
 C 32 HIO Clj N 2 8 soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 Si'CHLORlsATYDE. Insoluble in cold, very 
 (Chlorlsathydtse.) slightly soluble in boiling water. 
 C S2 H 8 C1 4 N 2 8 Somewhat soluble in boiling, 
 insoluble in cold alcohol. Solu- 
 ble, with decomposition, in a warm solution of 
 potash. 
 
 CHLOROUS ACID. 1 volume of water absorbs 
 Cl O 3 5 or 6 vols. of the gas at the ordinary tem- 
 perature. Decomposed by alcohol. The 
 aqueous solution, on exposure to sunlight, is decom- 
 posed in the course of a few hours ; in diffused 
 light this decomposition is completed only after 
 the lapse of several months. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 7. pp. 323, 331.) 
 
 CHLORITE OF AMMONIA. Known only in 
 solution. 
 
 CHLORITE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in water ; 
 
 Ba 0, Cl O s but the solution is decomposed on 
 
 evaporation, more readily than that of 
 
 the strontia salt. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Millon.) 
 
 CHLORITE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water (Mil- 
 Pb 0, Cl 3 Ion, loc. cit., (3.) 7. pp. 310, 328.) 
 
 CHLORITE OF POTASH. Deliquescent, with 
 KO, C10 3 gradual decomposition. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and in spirit of 38. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of chlorous acid. (Millon, Ibid,, 
 pp. 325, 332.) 
 
 CHLORITE OF SILTER. Soluble in boiling, less 
 Ag 0, Cl 3 soluble in cold water. (Millon, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. pp. 310, 329.) 
 
 CHLORITE OF SODA. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 
 Na 0,Cl O s in water, and in an aqueous solution of 
 
 chlorous acid. (Millon, Ibid., p. 326.) 
 
 CHLORITE OF STRONTIA. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 Sr O, Cl 8 uble in water. This solution is decom- 
 posed by slow evaporation ; less read- 
 ily, however, than that of the baryta salt. (Mil- 
 Ion.) 
 
 CHLORKINHYDRONE. Vid. ChlorHydroKi- 
 none with ChloroKinone. 
 
 CHLORoAuRic ACID. Vid. ChlorAuric Acid. 
 
 CHLOROBENZAMID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 (ChloroBenzoylamid.) readily soluble in 
 
 C 14 H 8 Cl N 2 = N ] S 14 H * C1 hot water. Readily 
 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Limpricht & v. Uslar.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol and in. 
 ammonia- water. (Gerhardt & Drion.) 
 
 CHLOROBENZENE. Vid. Chloride of Phenyl. 
 
 JerCHLORoBENZENE. Vid. terChloroBenzin. 
 
 CHLOROBENZID. Vid. Hydride of terChloro- 
 Phenyl. 
 
 CHLOROBENZIL. Vid. Chloride of Benzoyl 
 with Hydride of Benzoyl. 
 
CHLOROCARBONATES. 
 
 193 
 
 CHLOROBENZILIC ACID. Vid. Chloride of 
 Benzil. 
 
 CHLOROBENZIN. Vid. Hydride of Chloro- 
 Phenyl. 
 
 Qarfn'CHLORoBENziNOL. Vid. Hydrate of 
 yucK/rt'ChloroToluenyl. 
 
 CHLOROBENZOIC ACID. More soluble in wa- 
 
 (CUoroNiceic Acid(of St. Evre). ter, and alcohol, 
 CUoroMichmylic Acid. (Isomeric than c hlorocinnamic 
 with Cliloro Salyhc Acid, q. turf., . , , -ir nnr . . 
 Chloride ofSalic y l,andCUoroSa- acid. (B. Jlopp, 
 Ucylous Add.) Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 C ]4 H 5 01 4 = C 14 H 4 Cl O s , HO (3.) 20. 380.) Sol- 
 uble in 2840 pts. of 
 
 water at 0. (Kolbe & Lautemann, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 115. 187 [K.].) Readily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Herzog.) 
 
 CHLOROBENZOATE of AMMONIA. Readily 
 C 14 H 4 (N H 4 ) Cl 4 soluble in water ; the solution 
 decomposing on evaporation. 
 Soluble in alcohol. (St. Evre.) 
 
 CHLOROBENZOATE OF COPPER (CuO). In- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROBENZOATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or 
 
 C,. H, (C 4 H B ) Cl 4 very sparingly soluble.in water. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol. (St. Evre.) 
 
 CHLOROBENZOATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROBENZOATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 C 14 H 4 Ag C1O 4 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROBENZOENASE. Vid. Chloride of To- 
 luenyl. 
 
 CHLOROBENZOENYL. Vid. Sim'ChloroTo- 
 luene. 
 
 CHLOROBENZOL. Vid. Chlorhydrate of ter- 
 ChloroBenzin ; also Hydride of ChloroPhenyl, 
 and Chloride of Benzol. 
 
 CHLOROBENZONE. Vid. ferChloride of Benzin. 
 
 CHLOROBENZOYL. Vid. Chloride of Benzoyl. 
 
 CHLOROBROMANILIN, &c. Vid. BromoChlor- 
 Anilin, &c. 
 
 CHLOROBROMIDE OF X. Vid. Bromide & 
 Chloride of X. 
 
 CHLORO BUTYLENE. Insoluble in water. Sol 
 
 (ChlorButyren. Butyrenechlori . uble in all propor- 
 C/Uoride of Butyril Chloro- t ; j alcohol, and 
 Butyro.se. ButyleneChlort. Te- .. .~., ', > 
 
 tryieneChlore.) ether. (Chancel.) 
 
 C 8 H 7 Cl 
 
 CHLOROBUTYRAL. Vid. Hydride of Chloro- 
 Butyryl. 
 
 CnLORoBuTYRASE. Vid. ChloroButylene. 
 
 BiCHLORoBtiTYRic ACID. Almost insoluble 
 
 C, H 8 Cl, 4 = C 8 H 5 C1 2 o s , H in water. Soluble 
 
 in all proportions in 
 
 alcohol. (Pelouze & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.] 
 10. 448.) 
 
 BiCnLORoBuTYRATE OF AMMONIA. Very 
 soluble in water. (P. & G., loc. cit.) 
 
 Bi'CHLORoBoTYRATE OF ETHYL. Scarcely 
 C, H 6 (C 4 H B ) cij 4 soluble in water. Very soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. (Pelouze 
 & Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 449.) 
 
 Bl'CHLOROBuTYRATE OF POTASH. Very SOl 
 
 uble in water. (P. & G., loc. cit.) 
 
 Bt'CHLORoBuTYRATE OF SILVER. Very spar 
 ingly soluble in water. (P. & G., loc. cit., p. 450 " 
 
 BzCnLORoBuTYRATE OF SODA. Very solu 
 ble in water. (P. & G.) 
 
 Quarfn'CHLORoBuTYRic ACID. Insoluble in 
 C 8 HC1 4 4 water. Very soluble in alcohol, and 
 25 
 
 ether. (Pelouze & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 10. 449.) 
 
 Quaefn'CHLOROBuTYRATE OF ETHYL. Scarcely 
 C 8 H 3 (C 4 H 5 ) C1 4 4 at all soluble in water. Toler- 
 ably abundantly soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (P. & G., loc. cit.) 
 
 ^Uarfr/CHLOROBUTYRATE OF POTASH. Solu- 
 
 )le in water. 
 
 \Uddri vyHLOROljUTYRATE OF oILVER. Very 
 
 paringly soluble in water. (P. & G., loc. cit., p. 
 450.) 
 
 CHLORoBiiTYRENE. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 7,4 H,, Cl uble in all proportions in alcohol. 
 (Chancel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 152.) 
 
 CHLOROCAFFEIN. Soluble in water and in 
 19 H 9 Cl N 4 4 alcohol. ( Rochleder. ) 
 
 Insoluble in water, 
 
 C1 4 2 with which it forms a cream-like 
 mass. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Glaus.) 
 
 SariCHLORoCAMPHOR. Resembles quadri- 
 ! M H 10 C1 6 2 ChloroCamphor. 
 
 CHLOROCAOUTCHIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Wa- 
 ter precipitates it from the alcoholic solution. Sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids, 
 separating out again unchanged on cooling. 
 (Himly.) 
 
 CHLOROCAPRYLAL. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 C H,, C1 B uble in alcohol, and ether. (Bouis, 
 
 Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 44. 113.) 
 <2um</tCHLORoCAPRYLENE. Insoluble, or but 
 (PentaCMorOctylene.) sparingly soluble, in water. 
 C 16 H U C1 B " (Bouis.) 
 
 CHLORO CARBETHAMIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 CHLORtfCARBETHAMATE OF A.MMONIA. Very 
 
 C 10 H 6 C1 7 N0 10 readily soluble in water alcohol, 
 and ether. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 16. 39.) 
 
 CHLOROCARBETHAMID. Vid. terChlorAceta- 
 
 CHLOROCARBOLIC ACID. Vid. ChloroPhcnic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLOROCARBONIC ACID. Immediately de- 
 (ChlorOzy Carbonic Add. composed by water. 
 Phosgene Gas. Chloride of g l u ble, without decom- 
 Carioni/^ C ^^^Carbonic position, in 0.0833 vol. 
 OMe ) l of alcohol. Soluble in 
 
 10' C0 2 chloride of sulphur (S 
 
 c ^Cl' C C1 2 ci) ? an( j i n dichloride 
 
 of sulphur (82 Cl). 1 vol. of terchloride of arse- 
 nic (As Cls) absorbs 10 vols. of it, but this is 
 again evolved on the addition of water. 
 
 CHLOROCARBONATE OF "AMMONIA." Said 
 2NH COC1 to be a mixture of carbamid and 
 chloride of ammonium. Soluble in 
 acetic acid, without effervescence. 
 
 CHLOROCARBONATE OF AMYL, or CARBONATE 
 
 (ChloroFormiate ofAmyl.) & CHLOROCARBO- 
 
 ( co ,a NATE OF AMYL. 
 
 C 12 HI, Cl 4 = C u H n ^ c a Decomposed by an 
 
 aqueous solution of 
 
 ammonia. (Medlock.) 
 
 CHLOROCARBONATE OF perCHLORETHYL. De- 
 CUoroFormiate of perCUorEthyl. composed by water 
 Formiate of Ethyl perchloree. ) an d by moist air, 
 
 " ($ by alcohol, wood- 
 
 Cl spirit, acids, and al- 
 
 C 8 C1 6 4 =C 4 C1 6 
 
194 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATES. 
 
 kalies. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 17. pp. 
 300, 302.) 
 
 CHLOROCARBONATE OF perCHLORoMETHYL. 
 
 (Chloro Formiale of ter Chi oro Methyl. Decomposed by 
 
 Farmiatede Metkyle percUori. Per- alcohol, by WOOd- 
 
 CnloroMetnyhc Formiate.) . . ' % , ,. 
 
 y i CO spirit, and by di- 
 
 C 4 CI *4= C 2 ci s } eo 2 ci lute solutions of 
 
 the caustic alka- 
 lies. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 353.) 
 Insoluble in water. Decomposed by fusel-oil (hy- 
 drate of arnyl), and violently by ammonia-water. 
 Solutions of potash, even when hot and concen- 
 trated, exert scarcely any decomposing action 
 upon it. (Cahours.) 
 
 CHLOROCARBONATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, 
 (Chloro Carbonic Ether. Chloro- or very sparingly 
 Formic Ether. Oxy Chloro Car- soluble, in cold wa- 
 bonicEther.ChlorovimcFormiaU.) ter; partiallv de _ 
 
 C 6 H B Cl 4 = C 4 H 5 | c 2 C1 composed by warm 
 water. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 but soon decomposes on standing, and especially 
 when heated. Violently decomposed by solution 
 of ammonia. (Dumas.) 
 
 CHLOROCARBONATE OF METHYL. Insoluble, 
 (OxyChloroCarbonateofMethy- or but slightly solu- 
 lene. Chlorometliylic Formiate.') ble, in water. Solll- 
 C 4 H s Cl 4 = C, H 3 O 5 Q 2 C1 ble, with decompo- 
 sition and great evo- 
 lution of heat, in caustic ammonia. (Dumas & 
 Pe'ligot.) 
 
 CHLOROCARBONIC ETHER. Vid. Carbonate 
 of ChlorEthyl. 
 
 CHLOROCARBONIC OXIDE. Vid. ChloroCar- 
 bonic Acid. 
 
 CHLORO CAROTIN. Insoluble in water. Tol- 
 (CarotineMor&e.') erably easily soluble in alcohol, 
 Cgg HJO C1 4 2 and ether. Very readily soluble 
 in bisulphide of carbon. (Zeise, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 127 ) Easily solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol, in ether, benzin, and bisul- 
 phide of carbon. Water precipitates it from the 
 alcoholic solution. (Husemann.) 
 
 CHLOROCARVENE. Insoluble in water. 
 C 20 H 12 CI 4 ? (Schweizer.) 
 
 CHLOROCEROTIC Acid. Soluble in absolute 
 C M H 42 C1 12 4 alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROCEROTATE OF ETHYL. 
 C64H 41 CI 12 (C 4 H 5 )0 4 
 
 CHLOROCEROTATE OF SODA. Almost insolu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CHLOROCEROTONE . 
 
 I.) C^HjgCljg 
 
 II.) C^H^Cl^ 
 
 III.) C^H^Cl,, 
 
 CHLOROCHLORIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 (EuMorine.) On exposure to sunlight, the 
 
 C1 3 1S = 2 Cl 6 , Cl O 3 aqueous solution is decom- 
 posed in the course of a 
 
 few hours, but in diffused light this decomposition 
 is not completed until after the lapse of several 
 months. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. pp. 
 315, 331.) 
 
 CHLOROCHOLESTERIN. Insoluble in water. 
 C B2 H 37 Cl, O 2 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 CHLOROCHROMIC ACID. Decomposed by 
 ( Chromate of Ter Chlo- water, alcohol, wood-spirit. 
 ride of Chromium.-) nap htha, oil of turpentine, 
 Cr 2 u,, i cr u s and olive . oilj with evo i ut i on 
 
 of much heat, and, in several of the cases, produc- 
 tion of flame. Not altered at first by liquid 
 glacial acetic acid, but is decomposed thereby in 
 the course of a fortnight. Neither nitric nor muri- 
 atic acid have any sensible action upon it. (T. 
 Thomson, Phil. Trans., 1827, Part I. pp. 192- 
 195.) 
 
 .BiCHLORoCiNCHONiN. Soluble in boiling, 
 (Cinchtininelichlor6e.) less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 C 40 H 22 C1 2 N 2 2 (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 24. 304.) 
 
 CnLORoCiNNAMic ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 
 C 18 H 7 C10 4 = C 18 H C10 3) HO in cold, more easily 
 
 soluble in hot water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Toel.) Less 
 soluble in water and in alcohol than chlorobenzoic 
 acid. (E. Kopp, Ann.Ck. et Phys., (3.) 20. 380.) 
 
 CHLORoClNNAMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 C 18 H 6 C1(NH 4 )0 4 + Aq 
 
 CHLORoClNNAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C 18 H 6 Cl Ba 4 + Aq boiling, less soluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 CHLORoClNNAMATE OF terCHLOROSTYBACYL. 
 ( Chloro Styracin.} Insoluble in 
 
 Cgg H ia C1 4 4 = C M H 6 Cl (C 18 H 6 CI 8 ) 4 water. Sol- 
 uble in boil- 
 ing alcohol, and ether. (Toel.) 
 
 CHLOROCINNAMATE OF LIME. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 CHLORoClNNAMATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 boiling, very sparingly soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Toel.) 
 
 CHLORoClNNAMATE OF SlLVER. 
 C t8 H 6 Cl Ag 4 
 
 CHLOROClNNAMENE. 
 
 (Chloro Styrol.} 
 C 16 H 7 C1<> 
 
 CHLORoCiNNAMYL. Vid. Hydride of Chloro- 
 Cinnamyl. 
 
 CnLORoCiNNOSE. Vid. Hydride of quadri- 
 ChloroCinnamyl. 
 
 CnLORoCoDEiN. Sparingly soluble in boiling, 
 Cgg H 20 Cl N 6 + 3 Aq less soluble in cold water. 
 Very soluble in strong alco- 
 hol, especially if it be warm. Sparingly soluble 
 in ether. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, and in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, without decomposi- 
 tion ; also soluble in nitric acid, the solution being 
 decomposed when heated. Insoluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 CHLORoCoLOpHENE. [Insoluble ? in alcohol.] 
 C^H^Clg (Deville.) 
 
 CnLORoCoMENic ACID. More readily soluble, 
 C 12 H 3 Cl 10 + 3 Aq both in cold and in hot water, 
 than comenic acid. Readily 
 soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold water. Very 
 readily soluble in warm alcohol. Its metallic 
 salts are in general .more soluble than the corre- 
 sponding meconates. (How.) 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 a = mono. Readily soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 a = mono. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 b = 6z. s Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF COPPER. 
 a = mono. Ppt. 
 b bi. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF LIME. 
 a = mono. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 b = bi. Insoluble in water. 
 
CHLOROKINONATES. 
 
 195 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 a = mono. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 6 = bi. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 a = mono. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF SILVER. 
 a = mono. Insoluble in cold, soluble in boiling 
 Cu H, Ag Cl O 10 water. 
 
 b = bi, or normal. Insoluble in boiling water. 
 C J2 H Ag 2 Cl 10 Soluble in nitric acid, with de- 
 composition, if heated. Not entire- 
 ly decomposed by boiling with chlorhydric acid. 
 (How.) 
 
 CHLOROCOMENATE OF SODA. 
 a = mono. Readily soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROCREOSOL. 
 C 16 H 7 Cl, 4 
 
 CHLORoCtrMiNOL. Vid. Hydrate of Chloro- 
 Cumoyl; and also Chloride of Cumol(C2o HKI"). 
 
 CHLOROCUMOL. Vid. Chloride of Cumol. 
 
 CHLORoCnpRATE OF X. . Vid. Chloride of 
 Copper & of X. 
 
 CHLOROCYANAMID. Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 (ParaCUoroCyanate of Ammonia.) ingly soluble in 
 C 9 H 4 N s Cl = 2 N j Cy H 2 , Cy Cl hot water. Solu- 
 ble, with decompo- 
 sition, in an aqueous solution of potash. (Liebig.) 
 
 CHLOROCYANANILID. Vid. PhenylChloro- 
 Cyanamid. 
 
 ParaCHLORoCYANATE OF AMMONIA. Vid. 
 
 Chlorocyanamid. 
 
 CHLOROCYANILID. Vid. PhenylChloroCy- 
 anamid. 
 
 " CHLOROCYANIDE OF ETHYL." Slowly de- 
 C 6 H 5 N Cl = C 4 H s 0, C 3 N Cl composed by cold, 
 quickly by hot wa- 
 ter. Soluble in wood-spirit, ether, and alcohol, 
 the last-named solution decomposing in the course 
 of 24 hours. Water precipitates it from the alco- 
 holic solution. (Aime, Gmdin's Handbook, 8. 492.) 
 
 " CHLOROCYANIDE OF FORMIC ETHER." 
 C, H 6 N Cl 4 Sparingly soluble in cold, more sol- 
 uble in hot water or ammonia-water. 
 Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether, from both 
 of which it is precipitated by water. Soluble in 
 warm concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it 
 is precipitated, unchanged, by water. Insoluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. (Stenhouse, Gmdin's Hand- 
 book, 8. 492.) 
 
 " CHLOROCYANIC OIL." Insoluble in water. 
 C 12 N 4 C! 14 Readily soluble in alcohol. (Serullas.) 
 
 Soluble in ether. (Bouis.) 
 CHLOROCYANURIC ETHER. Soluble in abso- 
 C 18 H u C! 4 N 8 6 lute alcohol, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water. 
 (Habich & Limpricht.) 
 
 CHLORO!)RACYL. Vid. Chlorhydrate of bi- 
 ChloroToluene. 
 
 CHLOR(ENANTHIC ACID. Insoluble, or very 
 C 28 H M C1 4 6 sparingly soluble, in water. (Mala- 
 
 guti.) 
 CHLORCENANTHATE OF WCHLORETHYL. Solu- 
 
 (CUor(Enanthic Eth.fr. (Enanthic EtherchlorA.) ble in 
 C 38 H 28 CI 8 8 =C 28 H 22 C1 4 (C 4 II3C1 2 ) 2 S 15 <8> 
 
 16 pts. 
 of alcohol at 40. (Malaguti.) 
 
 CHLOR<ENANTHOL. Vid. Hydride of Chlor- 
 CEnanthyl. 
 
 CHLORCENANTHYLENE. Insoluble in water. 
 C 14 H 13 C1" (Limpricht.) 
 
 CHLORoEuxANTHic ACID. Vid. ChlorEuxan- 
 thic Acid. 
 
 ZJj'CHLORODuMASIN. 
 
 CHLOROFERROCYANIDE OF X. Vid. Chloride 
 of X with Ferrocyanide of X. 
 
 CHLOROFORM. Vid. Chloride of 6t'Chloro- 
 Methyl. 
 
 CnLORoFoRMiATE OF X. Vid. ChloroCar- 
 bonate of X. 
 
 CHLORoFoRMic ETHER. Vid. ChloroCarbo- 
 nate of Ethyl. 
 
 .B/CHLORoFoRMic ETHER. Vid. Formiate of 
 6zChlorEthyl. 
 
 PerCHLORoFoRMic ETHER. Vid. terChlor- 
 Acetate of terChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLOROGINIC ACID. Vid. CaffeoTannic Acid. 
 CHLOROHELICIN. Vid. ChlorHelicin. 
 JSi'CHLORoKiNONAMic ACID. Sparingly sol- 
 
 [CUorAjtilamic Jicid. CfilorAnilam. uble in water. 
 BiChloro Quinonamic Acid.) (Erdmann.) Sol- 
 
 c? c?i n ii uble in water, al- 
 
 N | % u * . 0, H 0, + 5 Aq cohol) and ether . 
 
 ZJt'CHLOROKlNONAMATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 ChlorAnilammon.) uble in water, espe- 
 
 ; u H 2 (N HJ Cl, N Og -f- 4 Aq cially when this is 
 warm. (Erdmann.) 
 
 ZfrCHLOROKlNONAMATE OF BARYTA. Sola- 
 
 ble in warm water. (Erdmann.) 
 
 fit'CHLOROKlNQNAMATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 JB/CHLORoKiNONAMATE OF peroxide OF IRON. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 .B/CfiLOROKlNONAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 Bi'CHLOROKlNONAMATE OF NlCKEL. Ppt. 
 
 ZJ/CHLORoKiNONAMATE of dinoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 .Bt'CHLOROKlNONAMATE OF SlLVER. Soluble 
 
 C u H, Ag Cl, N 6 in warm water, in caustic am- 
 monia, and in acetic acid. (Erd- 
 mann.) 
 
 .BiCnLORoKiNONAMiD. Insoluble in water. 
 (BiChloro Quinonamid. CUorAnilamid.) Almost insolu- 
 C 12 H 4 Cl, N 2 4 = N 2 l&Cl,0 4 " b | e in alcohol 
 
 or ether. Sol- 
 uble in a dilute aqueous solution of ammonia. 
 Soluble in monohydrated sulphuric acid. Soluble 
 in an alcoholic solution of caustic potash. Un- 
 acted on by chlorhydric acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 B/CHLORoKiNONic ACID. Soluble in water, 
 
 ( BiChloro Quinonic Acid. CklorAnUic Acid.) and is 
 
 C 12 H, Cl, 8 + 2 Aq = C u C1 2 6 , 2 H -f 2 Aq precip- 
 
 itated 
 
 therefrom by chlorhydric or sulphuric acid. (Erd- 
 mann.) 
 
 Zfc'CHLOROKlNONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 BiCHLORoKiNONATE OF BARYTA. Very spar- 
 C u C1 2 Baj O 8 + 6 Aq ingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Bt'CHLOROKlNONATE OF COBALT. 
 jBt'CHLOROKlNONATE OF COPPER. 
 
 .Bi'CHLORoKiNONATE of peroxide OF IRON. 
 Ppt. 
 
 5/CHLOROKlNONATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 ZftClILOROKlNONATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 .Bi'CHLORoKiNONATE of dinoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Ppt. 
 
196 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATES. 
 
 ZJt'CHLOROKlNONATE OF NlCKEL. 
 
 jBt'CHLORoKiNONATE OF POTASH. Tolerabl; 
 
 C t2 K 2 C1 2 8 + 2 Aq soluble in water, and alcohol 
 
 less soluble in a solution o 
 
 caustic potash. (Erdmann.) 
 
 E OF SILVER. Very spar 
 C 12 Ag 2 Cl 2 o 8 ingly soluble in water. (Erdmann. 
 
 Bz'CnLORoKiNONATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 C 12 C1 2 Na 2 8 -f 8 Aq water, and alcohol. 
 
 CnLORoKiNONE. Soluble in boiling, but near 
 (ChloroQuinone.) ly insoluble in cold water. Tol 
 C u H 3 C10<i erably soluble in strong alcohol 
 
 from which it is precipitatec 
 on the addition of water. Also soluble in ho 
 spirit of 50%, a portion of it being re-precipitatec 
 as the solution cools. Very soluble in ether. Sol 
 uble in strong acetic acid, and in hot dilute acetic 
 acid. (Staedeler.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. Near 
 (BiCUoroQuinone. ly insoluble in cold, but abun- 
 Quinonebichlort.) dam , goluble m boiu st 
 
 l^, tl d U> . , * , f T . V 
 
 alcohol. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in spirit of 40%, even when this is boiling 
 Readily soluble in ether. Tolerably soluble in 
 strong boiling acetic acid, from which solution it 
 separates out on cooling. Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in strong boiling chlorhydric acid, 
 less soluble in the cold. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 abundantly soluble in hot nitric acid of 1.25 sp. 
 gr., without decomposition. (Stasdeler.) Also 
 soluble, without decomposition, in warm concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid ; and, -with decomposition, 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 TerCHLORoKiNONE. Soluble in cold, but very 
 (TriCUoroQuinone. Quinone sparingly soluble in 
 t'rcfrt. TriCMorChinone.) fa+ttot. Sparingly 
 
 Ix.j Jtt OI 3 U. . . , . , r , => J 
 
 soluble in cold, more 
 
 abundantly soluble in hot alcohol or acetic acid, 
 being more soluble in both these liquids in propor- 
 tion as they are more concentrated. Soluble in 
 ether. Soluble in cold monohydrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which water precipitates it unchanged. 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in hot strong ni- 
 tric acid, less soluble in cold nitric acid. (Staj- 
 deler.) 
 
 PerCnLORoKiNONE. Insoluble in water. Dif- 
 
 (QuinoneperMort, ficultly soluble in hot, and al- 
 
 most entirely insoluble in cold 
 
 L/, 2 UK U 4 111 i 
 
 alcohol ; somewhat more solu- 
 ble in ether. Unacted upon by acids. Easily de- 
 composed by alkalies. (G. Hofmann, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 16. 286.) Unacted on by concen- 
 trated chlorhydric or nitric acid, or by aqua-regia, 
 even when boiling. (Stenhouse.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 CHLOR()LEIC ACID. 
 
 C S8 H S2 C1 S 4 
 
 CHLOROMECONIN. Nearly insoluble in cold, 
 (CMorOpianyi. Hydride somewhat more easily sol- 
 
 Abundantly soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. No more soluble in alkaline 
 solutions than in water. Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. Soluble in nitric acid, the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when heated. 
 (Anderson, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 275.) 
 
 CHLOROMELAL. 
 Co H^S.B C1 M . 5 2 
 
 Difficultly soluble in 
 C M H n Cl 2 N s water. Easily soluble "in alcohol, 
 and ether 
 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 299.) 
 
 JerCnLOROMELANiLiN, Insoluble in water. 
 c 2 H io cl 3 N 3 Soluble in alcohol. (Hofmann.) 
 
 " CHLOROMENTHENE." Vid. Chlorhydrate of 
 Menthene. 
 
 Sparingly solu- 
 c so H M Cl s D ' e m water. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and wood-spirit, and still more readily 
 in ether, and oil of turpentine. (Walter.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCDRIC ACID. Vid. nrotoChloride 
 of Mercury (Hg Cl) . 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ACETOSAMIN. Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold, tolerably easily soluble 
 in boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Natan- 
 son.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ACONITIN. Tolerably 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium, and in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ALLTL with SULPHIDE 
 
 C a H B Cl, 2 Hg Cl ; C 6 H 6 S, 2 Ilg S OF ALLYL & OF 
 
 MERCURY. In- 
 soluble in water. Difficultly soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF AMYLSTRYCHNINE. 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ATROPIN. Somewhat 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF AZONAPHTHYLAMIN. 
 Readily soluble in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF BERBERIN. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium 
 and in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF BENZIDIN. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF BRUCIN. Sparingly 
 c H 26 N 2 OB) H Cl, 2 Ilg Cl soluble, or insoluble, in 
 water or strong alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF Jn'CApROYLAMiN. De- 
 liquescent. Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Petersen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1O2. 317.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF CHLORANILIN. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF CiNCHONioiN(of Pas- 
 C KM N 2 2 , 2 (H Cl, Hg Cl) teur). Difficultly sol- 
 uble in cold water. 
 (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 82. 157.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF CINCHONIN. Almost 
 
 H 2i N 2 Ozi 2 ( H K C1 > H C1 ) i nsoluble in cold wa " 
 ter, ordinary alcohol, 
 
 or ether; tolerably soluble in boiling water and 
 n warm alcohol. Easily soluble in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF CODEIN. Soluble in 
 joiling water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF COLLIDIN. Soluble 
 n hot, less soluble in cold water, and alcohol. 
 Anderson.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF CONIIN. Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. (Ortigosa.) [Compare 
 
 hloride of Mercury with Coniin.] 
 
 CHLOROMERCURA'TE OF CORYDALIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF COTARNIN. Ppt. 
 
 Jj6 H 13 N 6 , H Cl, 2 Hg Cl. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF EMETIN. Sparingly 
 oluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Solu- 
 
CHLOROMETHYLAMIN. 
 
 197 
 
 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 (3.) 3O. 481.) 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF 
 I ) N \ (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Cl, 5 Hg Cl Easily soluble in 
 water, and in chlor- 
 hydric acid, especially when these are boiling. 
 
 II. ) N \ (C 4 H 6 ) 4 Cl, Hg Cl Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Sonnen- 
 schein.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ETHYLANILIN. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ETHYLCONIIN. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OFtft'ETHYLCoNiiN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Sol- 
 Nfc 10 (C 4 H 5 )H 6 '''),HCl,3HgCl uble in boiling, 
 
 / sparingly soluble 
 
 in cold water, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 87. 8.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. 
 Somewhat soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF GUANIN. 
 
 C 10 H 5 N 5 2 ,HCl,HgCl+ Aq 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF HARMALIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF HARMIN. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF IODIDE OF tetra- 
 
 N (C 4 H 6 ) 4 1, 5 Hg Cl ETHYLAMMONIUM. Easily 
 
 soluble in water and in chlor- 
 
 hydric acid, especially on boiling. (Hofmann.) 
 
 Soluble in warm alcohol. (Sonnenschein.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF MELANILIN. Soluble 
 in water acidulated with chlorhydric acid. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF MERCURY. Vid. Oxy- 
 Chloride of Mercury. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF METHYLAMIN. Solu- 
 N | P, 2 H 8, H Cl, He Cl ble in water. (A. Wurtz, 
 
 I H Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 
 459.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF METHYLCINCHONIN. 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF METHYLETHYLCO- 
 
 T \ ( C ie H 14 " NUN. 
 
 *) N?C 2 H 3 .Cl;5HgCl 
 (C 4 H S 
 
 II.) N C 22 H 22 Cl ; 6 Hg Cl Tolerably easily solu- 
 ble in water, alcohol, 
 
 asd ether, (v. Planta & KekuM, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 89. 141.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF METHYLNICOTIN. 
 
 N( C 10 H r (C z H 8 )) Cl, 4 Hg Cl Somewhat soluble in 
 
 boiling, less soluble 
 
 in cold water. (Stahlschmidt, Ann.Ch. u. Pharm., 
 00. 225.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF MORPHIN. Very 
 
 C M H 19 N 8 , H Cl, 4 Hg ci sparingly soluble in cold 
 
 water, alcohol, or ether ; 
 
 more soluble in boiling alcohol. Very readily 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF NAPHTHYLAMIN. Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in cold, completely soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF NARCOTIN. Soluble 
 
 C^ H^ N 14 , H Cl, Hg Cl (?) in alcohol acidulated 
 
 with chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF NICOTIN. Soluble 
 Cj,, H 14 N 2 , H Cl, 8 Hg Cl in boiling water. [Com- 
 pare Chloride of Mercury 
 with Nicotin.] 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF terNiTRAMARiN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF NITROHARMALIN. 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF NITROHARMIN. 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF ^'PHENYLAMIN. De- 
 composed by water. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF PHENYLUREA. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF PICOLIN. Permanent. 
 Soluble in water. (Unverdorben.) [Compare 
 Chloride of Mercury with Picolin.] 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF PIPERIN. Insoluble 
 
 Ceg Hjg N 2 Oi 2 , H Cl, 2 Hg Cl in water. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold, more 
 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. Sparingly soluble in 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF PURPUREOCOBALT. 
 6 N H s . Co 2 C1 3 , 6 Hg Cl Tolerably soluble in hot, 
 less soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. (Claudet, Phil. Mag., (4.) 2. 258.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF PYRROL. Insoluble 
 N | c s H s'"ci, 3 Hg Cl m water. Sparingly soluble 
 
 ' H 8 in cold, more soluble in 
 
 boiling alcohol ; but this solution is attended with 
 partial decomposition. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF QUININE. Very spar- 
 
 C H 24 N 2 4 , 2 (H Cl, Hg Cl) ingly soluble in water, 
 
 cold alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF RETININ. Sparingly 
 soluble in warm water ; much more soluble in al- 
 cohol. Readily soluble in cold dilute chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF SPARTEIN. Almost 
 N { C 18 HU'", H Cl, Hg Cl insoluble in water, and 
 
 I alcohol. Readily solu- 
 
 ble in water acidulated . with chlorhydric acid. 
 Solable, without decomposition, in warm, less sol- 
 uble in cold, cblorhydric add. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Sol- 
 a = Sb (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Cl, 3 Hg Cl uble in water, and al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. (Lcewig.) 
 
 ft = 2 8b (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Cl, 3 Hg Cl Difficultly soluble in 
 water. (Lcewig.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF STRYCHNINE. Diffi- 
 
 C 42 H 22 N 2 4 , H Cl,2 Hg Cl cnltly soluble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble in spirit, 
 
 especially if it is hot. (Abel & Nicholson, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 2. 259.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF THEBAIN. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF THEOBROMIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF tetraViNYLiuM. Very 
 sparingly soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 water. (Heintz & Wislicenus.) 
 
 CHLOROMERCURATE OF XANTHOCOBALT. 
 N 2 . 6 N H s . Co, 0, Cl, ; 4 Hg Cl + 2 Aq Insoluble 
 
 in cold, 
 
 difficultly soluble, without decomposition, in hot 
 water. (Gibbs&Genth,<Smz^son. Contrib., Vol. 9.) 
 
 CHLOROMESITATE OF MfiTHYLENE. Per- 
 
 C H Cl. 4 manent. Insoluble in water. Very 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Bouis, 
 Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 21. 114.) 
 
 JerCHLORoMESiTYLENE. Insoluble in water. 
 (Chloride of PUleyl. Hydride Soluble in alcohol 
 ofterCMoroMesityl.) an( J j n boiling ether. 
 
 c i8 H CI (Kane.) 
 
 CHLOROMET ALDEHYDE. Insoluble in water. 
 C,H 7 C10 4 
 
 .Bt'CHLOROMETHYLAMIN. 
 
198 
 
 CHLORONAPHTHALIN. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLENE (?). Insoluble in water. 
 (ChlorMethylase.) Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 C 2 HCl (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLORoMETHTLicAoETATE. Vid. Acetate of 
 ChloroMethyl. 
 
 PerCHLORoMETHYLic ACETATE. Vid. ter- 
 ChlorAcetate of terChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLIC FOKMIATE. Vid. ChlorO- 
 
 Carbonate of Methyl. 
 
 PerCHLOROMETHYLIC FORMIATE. Vid. pf- 
 
 ChloroFormiate of perChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLIC OXALATE. Vid. Oxalate 
 of ChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLSELENIOUS ACID. Perma- 
 C a H 3 Se 2 Cl 4 + Aq nent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. (Woehler 
 & Dean, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 97. 7.) 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLSULPHUROUS ACID. Soluble 
 
 (Chloro Sulpha Methylic Acid. jn water, and alcohol. 
 
 AcideSuLfuformique Mori An of ; tg sa}tg are 
 
 Chloro Methyl diThiamc Acid. . ,. . 
 
 Sulphite of ChloroMethyl. soluble in water. 
 
 Ac.ide Metholique Chlorosutfurt.) 
 
 CjHjCio;,, n 
 
 H \ S * * 
 CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF AMMONIA. De- 
 
 liqnescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. 
 C 2 H 2 Cl Pb 0,, S 2 4 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF POTASH. Sol- 
 C, H 2 C1K 2 , S 2 O 4 uble in water and in hot spirit. 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF SILVER. De- 
 liquescent. Soluble in water. (Kolbe.) 
 
 CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF SODA. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water and in hot, strong al- 
 cohol. 
 
 JBiCHLOROMETHYLSuLPHUROUS ACID. De- 
 
 (BiCMoro Sulphoso- Ijquesoes in moist air. Soluble 
 Methylic Acid.) j n a i co h o l, and ether. Its salts 
 HO | S2 * are soluble in water, and also, 
 for the most part, in alcohol. 
 
 Bl'CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 
 .Bt'CHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OFPOTASH. Per- 
 
 C 2 HKC1 2 2 , S 2 O 4 manent. Soluble in water. 
 Soluble in boiling alcohol ; but 
 insoluble in cold absolute alcohol. 
 
 BiCHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF SILVER. Sol- 
 
 C 2 H Ag C1 2 2 , S 2 4 uble in water. ( Kolbe. ) 
 
 ZftCHLOROMETHYLSuLPHITE OF ZlNC. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 7'erCHLORoMF.THYLSuLPHUROUS ACID. De- 
 (TerChloroSulphosoMethylicAcid.) liquescent. Solu- 
 
 C 2 H C1 3 2 , S 2 4 + 2 Aq ble in water. Un- 
 
 acted on by boil- 
 ing nitric or chromic acids or by aqua-regia. Its 
 salts are soluble in water, and also, to a certain 
 extent, in alcohol. 
 
 TferCHLOROMETHYLSuLPHITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 
 TerCHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C 2 C1 3 Ba 2 , S 2 4 + Aq Soluble in water and in 
 boiling absolute alcohol. 
 (Kolbe.) 
 
 TerCHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF COPPER. 
 
 C 2 el, Cu 21 S 2 O 4 + 5 Aq Permanent. Soluble in 
 water. (Kolbe; Lau 
 rent.) 
 
 TerCHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 
 TerCHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF POTASH. 
 
 C 2 C1 3 K S 2 6 + 2 Aq Efflorescent. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 TerCHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF SlLVER. 
 
 C, C1 3 Ag 2 , S 2 4 -f- 2 Aq Soluble in water. 
 
 TerCHLOROMETHYLSULPHITE OF SODA. Very 
 efflorescent. Much more soluble in water than 
 the potash-salt. 
 
 "CHLOROMETHYLSULPHUROUS CHLORIDE " 
 
 (of Gerhardt). Vid. Sulphite of Chloride of 
 ChloroMethyl. 
 
 CnLORoMiCHMYL. Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in alcohol. (Scharling.) 
 
 CHLORoMiCHMYLic ACID. Vid. ChloroBen- 
 zoic Acid. 
 
 CHLORONAPHTHALIC ACID. Vid. ChlorOxy- 
 Naphthalic Acid. 
 
 CHLORONAPHTHALIN. Insoluble in water. 
 (Chlonaphtase. Chloro- Soluble in all proportions in 
 Napkthalid. Naphtha- ether E as jiy so luble in al- 
 Ime Chlore.) J 
 
 C M H r Cl 
 
 [Has at least seven 
 (Chlonaphtese. Bi- isomeric modifications.] 
 Chloro Phthalin.) 
 C 20 H 6 C1 2 
 
 I.) Modif. (a). 
 
 II.) Modif. (c). Insoluble in water. Very sol- 
 uble in ether. Somewhat less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 III.) Modif. (ad). Insoluble in water. Very 
 (Parachloronaphthalose.) soluble in ether, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 IV.) Modif. (e). Very soluble in ether, and 
 alcohol ; more soluble in alcohol than No. III. 
 
 V.) Modif. (/). Very soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Soluble in warm fuming sulphuric acid, 
 and the solution is not precipitated by water. 
 
 VI.) Modif. (x). Soluble in ether, and in a 
 mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 
 VII.) Modif. (y). Is the least soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether, of all the modifications of bichloro- 
 naphthalin. 
 
 TerCnLORoNAPHTHALiN. [Has seven modifi- 
 (CUonaphtise.) cations.] 
 Cjo H e cl a 
 
 I.) Modif. (a). Insoluble in water. Extremely 
 soluble in ether, which dissolves more than its own 
 weight of it at the ordinary temperature. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in boiling alcohol. Alcohol pre- 
 cipitates it from the ethereal solution. (Laurent.) 
 
 II.) Modif. (a c). Very soluble in ether. More 
 soluble in alcohol than modif. (a). 
 
 III.) Modif. (c). Soluble in- alcohol, and ether. 
 
 IV.) Modif. (g). Very soluble in ether ; some- 
 what less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 V.) Modif. (d). Very soluble in ether; much 
 less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 VI.) Modif. (ad). Tolerably soluble in ether, 
 though less soluble therein than the other modifi- 
 cations. Very sparingly soluble in alcohol. [Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol (in Gm.).] 
 
 VII.) Modif. (a e). Less soluble in ether than 
 (a), but more soluble than (a) in alcohol. 
 
CHLOROPALLADITE S. 
 
 199 
 
 (Chlonaphtose.) fications.] 
 
 [Has four modi- 
 
 I.) Modif. (a). Is 4 or 5 times less soluble 
 in ether than modif. (a) of terchloronaphthalin. 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 II.) Modif. (b). Very sparingly soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 III.) Modif. (e). Only very slightly soluble in 
 
 (Parachloronaphtalosc.) boiling alcohol, and not 
 
 much more soluble in warm 
 
 ether. Its solubility is considerably increased by 
 the presence of a brown oil, which is liable to con- 
 taminate it. Almost insoluble in rock-oil at the 
 ordinary temperature, but dissolves therein readily 
 on boiling. (Laurent.) 
 
 IV.) Modif. (k). Very sparingly soluble in 
 boiling alcohol or ether. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, but very soluble in boiling petroleum. 
 
 e:n'CHLORoNAPHTHALiN. Scarcely at all sol- 
 
 (Chlonaphtdlasc.') uble in alcohol. Soluble in 
 
 C M H 2 C1 8 about 20 pts. of ether. Very sol- 
 
 uble in oil of petroleum. (Lau- 
 
 rent.) 
 
 PerCnLORoNAPHTHALiN. Very sparingly sol- 
 (Chlonaptalise.) uble in boiling alcohol or ether. 
 C 20 C1 8 Easily soluble in naphtha. 
 
 CnLORoNicEic ACID. Vid. ChloroBenzoic 
 Acid. 
 
 CnLORoNiCEAMiD. Vid. ChloroBenzene. 
 
 CHLORONlCENE. 
 
 (Nic&ne monoMore.) 
 CM H 10 Clj 
 
 CiiLORoNiciNE. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 20 H 12 C1 2 N 2 Soluble in ether. (St. Evre.) 
 
 CHLORoNiTRoBENZoic ACID. Vid. Nitro- 
 ChloroBenzoic Acid. 
 
 CHLORoNiTRoBENZOYL. Vid. Chloride of Ni- 
 troBun/.oyl. 
 
 .Bt'CHLORoNlTROGLYCOCOLL. 
 
 e C. H 2 
 
 C 4 H, N 2 C1 2 O g = N J C 2 C1 2 (N 4 ) . 2 
 ' H 
 
 CHLORONlTROHARMIN, 
 'C 26 H 10 Cl (N 0,) N 2 O, + 4 Aq 
 
 Of CHLORONlTRO- 
 
 HARMIDIN. Spar 
 ingly soluble in cold, 
 more readily soluble in boiling water. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. Easily soluble in boiling coal-oil 
 and naphtha. (Fritzsche.) 
 ZftCnLORoNiTRoPHENic ACID. Sparingly 
 
 (NitrobiC Mar o Carbolic Acid.) Soluble in wa 
 
 (NitrobiChloroPhenic Acid.) 
 
 C 12 H 3 C1 2 N 6 = C 12 H, C. 2 (N 4 ) 0, 
 
 in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. Tolerably 
 readily soluble in ether. (Laurent & Delbos, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 380.) 
 
 .BtCHLORONlTROPHENATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 C 12 H, (N H 4 ) C1 2 (N 4 ) 2 uble in water. 
 
 Bt'CHLORONlTROPHENATE OF POTASH. Solu- 
 
 C 12 H 2 K C1 2 (N O 4 ) 2 ble in water. 
 CHLORoOcTYLENE. Vid. ChloroCaprylenc. 
 
 CHLOROPALLABIC ACID. Vid. ^'Chloride of 
 Palladium. The metallic chlorepalladiates are 
 generally very soluble in water, and are soluble in 
 alcohol also. (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 
 264.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF AMMONIUM. Very 
 
 NH^C^PdCl, sparingly soluble in cold, decom- 
 
 posed by boiling water. (Ber- 
 
 zelius. ) 
 
 Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 264.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF CADMIUM. Perma- 
 nent. Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. Bons- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. pp. 264, 265.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF CAFFEIN. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF CALCIUM. Deliques- 
 cent. Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. Bons- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829,17. 264.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF CHLORANILIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF MAGNESIUM. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 264.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF MANGANESE. Perma- 
 nent. Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. Bons- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 264.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF M'METHYLAMIN. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF NICKEL. Perma- 
 nent, at least in dry air. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. pp. 
 264, 265.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF POTASSIUM. Diffi- 
 KCl,PdCl 2 cultly soluble, with partial decom- 
 position, in cold water. Soluble, 
 with decomposition, when boiled with water in an 
 open vessel, but when heated with water in a 
 closed vessel it dissolves at 100, separating out 
 again unchanged when the solution is cooled. 
 Insoluble in alcohol ; but is decomposed when 
 boiled therewith. Insoluble in water which con- 
 tains in solution chloride of ammonium, chloride 
 of potassium, or chloride of sodium. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble, without decomposition, in dilute 
 chlorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF SODIUM. Appears to 
 be very soluble in water, and to be very easily 
 decomposed thereby. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 963.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF TOLUIDIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATE OF ZINC. Quickly de- 
 liquesces. Soluble in water, and alcohol, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 264, 265.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADOUS ACID. Vid. protoChloride 
 of Palladium. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF AMMONIUM. Easily 
 N H 4 Cl, Pd Cl + Aq soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 strong alcohol. (Wollaston.) 
 Slightly soluble in spirit. (Fischer.) Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Claus, Beitrage, p. 56.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF ANILIN. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF BARIUM. Easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Bonsdorff.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF CADMIUM. Permanent. 
 Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF CALCIUM. Deliques- 
 cent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Bonsdorff.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF CODEINE. Ppt. De- 
 composed by boiling with water. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF CUMIDIN. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 9.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF ETHYLAMIN. 
 
 , a Soluble in water. 
 
 I-)N{' H5 HCl,PdCl (ReckenschuS8 .) 
 
 H.) 2 N C 4 H 7 , 2 Pd Cl ? Soluble in ethylamin. 
 III.) 2NC 4 H 7 ; PdCl? 
 !V.) NC 4 H 7 ,NH 3 PdCl? 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol, (v. Planta & Kekule', 
 
 CHLOROPALLADIATB OF BARIUM. Permanent. I Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 8.) 
 
200 
 
 CHLOROPHLORETIC ACID. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF MAGNESIUM. Deli- 
 quesces in moist air. Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Bonsdorff.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF MANGANESE. Perma- 
 nent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Stahlschmidt, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 225.) 
 
 CHLOKOPALLADITE OF NICKEL. Permanent 
 in dry air. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF POTASSIUM. Tolerably 
 K Cl, Pd Cl easily soluble in water, and much more 
 readily in hot than in cold. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Wollaston.) Tolerably soluble in 
 spirit of 0.84 sp. gr., but very sparingly soluble in 
 absolute alcohol ; on boiling the alcoholic solution 
 decomposition ensues, metallic palladium being 
 precipitated. Soluble in ammonia-water. (Berze- 
 lius.) Soluble in a cold saturated solution of chlo- 
 ride of potassium. (W. Gibbs, Am. J. Sci. t (2.) 
 31. 70.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF QUINOLEIN. Sparing- 
 C 18 H 7 N, H Cl, PdCl ly soluble in water. (Wil- 
 
 liams. ) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF SODIUM. Deliques- 
 Na Cl, Pd Cl cent. Easily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITB OF STRYCHNINE. More 
 C 4 , H M N 2 4 , H Cl, Pd Cl readily soluble in hot than 
 in cold water, and alcohol. 
 (Abel & Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 257.) 
 
 CHLOROPALLADITE OF ZINC. Very deliques- 
 cent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPALMITICACID. 
 C S2 H J8 C1 4 4 
 
 Bt'CHLOROPARANAPHTHALIN. Vid. Chlor- 
 
 Anthracenese. 
 .Bi'CHLORoPHENic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 {Chloro Phenesic Acid. Chloro Spi- Readily Soluble in 
 roticAcid Bi Chloro Carbolic Acid.) a l co h o l, and ether. 
 C a H t C\ 2 O t = C a H 3 c\ t O, H 
 
 Bt'CHLOROPHENATE OF AMMONIA. Difficultly 
 
 soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 TerCnLORoPHENic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (ChloroPhenislc Acid. Ter Chloro- (Laurent.) Al- 
 Carbolic Acid. Chloro Spirulic Acid. mos t insoluble in 
 Chlorlndoptic And. ChlorPhemsic ,. 
 
 Add.) water at ordinary 
 
 C 12 H s Clj 2 = C u H 2 C1 3 0, H temperatures, and 
 
 scarcely more sol- 
 
 uble in boiling water. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 ( 3. ) 14. 271.) Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 and ether; also soluble in wood-spirit. (Laurent.) 
 Very soluble in alcohol, ether, and the fatty and 
 volatile oils. (Piria, loc. cit.) Readily soluble in 
 warm concentrated sulphuric acid, separating out 
 on cooling. (Laurent ) Soluble in aqueous so- 
 lutions of potash, and ammonia. (Piria, loc. cit.) 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF AMMONIA. Very 
 C 12 H 2 (N H 4 ) C1 3 2 sparingly soluble in cold, very 
 easily soluble in hot water. 
 Easily soluble in water containing alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 C 12 H 2 Ba Cl, o, soluble in water. 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF COPPER. Ppt. Sol- 
 
 uble in hot, less soluble in cold alcohol. (Erd- 
 mann.) 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE q//jrotoric?e OF IKON. Ppt. 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 Ppt. 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF LIME. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 T'erCHLOROPHENATE O/prOtOXlde OF MERCURY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 T'erCHLOROPHENATE OF NlCKEL. Ppt. 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF POTASH. Very easily 
 soluble in water. (Erdmann.) 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 C 12 H, Ag-CI 3 2 
 
 TerCHLORoPHENATE OF SODA. Very easily 
 soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 ACID. Sparingly sol- 
 ( Chloro Phenusic Acid. Chlor- uble, Or insoluble in 
 IndopticAcidcMori.) water Soluble in al- 
 
 C u H C1 B 0, - C 12 C1 5 0, H , 
 
 OF AMMONIA. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 QltingwCHLOROPHENATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 QmnguiCHLOROPHENATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 QjttViyUt'CHLOROPHENATE OF CoPPER(Cu 0). 
 Ppt. 
 
 Quin^MlCHLOROPHENATE ofprotOXlde OF IRON. 
 Ppt. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 Quinq-Mt'CHLOROPHENATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 Quiwguz'CHLOEO PHENATE ofdinoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 QtangwCHLORoPnENATE of protoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 QtW^ta'CHLOROPHENATE OF NlCKEL. Ppt. 
 
 QuzYigw'CHLORoPHKNATE OF POTASH. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in a boiling solution of caustic pot- 
 ash. 
 
 Q?Vl<7wiCHLOROPHENATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 C 12 AgCl 5 2 
 
 CHLOROPHENESIC ACID. Vid. fo'ChloroPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLOROPHENISIC ACID. Vid. terChloroPhe- 
 nic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROPHENUSIC ACID. Vid. quinquiChloro- 
 Phenic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROPHENISE. Vid. ierChloroBenzin. 
 
 CnLORoPiiENYL. Vid. Chloride of Phenyl. 
 
 CHLOROPHENYLAMIN. Vid. ChlorAnilin. 
 
 CHLO1?OPHENYLBENZOYLAMID. Difficultly 
 
 (BemoCUoranilid.) soluble in boiling, 
 
 r w n N n rv $ r 14 n 5 ri less soluble in cold 
 C M H 10 Cl ff 2 = N j C 12 H 4 Cl alcoho , 
 
 CHLOROPHENYL!MESATIN. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 28 H 9 C1N 2 0, ter. Readily soluble in boiling, 
 slightly soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Engelhardt. ) 
 
 CHLOROPHENYLSULPHUROUS AdD. 
 (Chloro SulphoBemolic Acid. 
 Sulphate of Chloro Benzene. 
 Sulphate of PhenylicCMoride.) 
 C 12 H B Cl'S, 6 = C 12 H 6 Cl 2 , S,0 4 
 
 CHLOROPHENYLSULPHITE OF LlME. Soluble 
 
 C.. H 4 Ca Cl 2 , S 2 4 in water. (Hutchings, J. Ch. 
 
 Soc.,lO. 101.) 
 
 CHLOROPHLORETIC ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 201 
 
 CHLOROPHOSPHATE OF X. Vid. Chloride oi 
 X with Phosphate of X. 
 
 CHLOROPHOSPHAMID. Decomposed by water 
 PC1.N 2 H 4 (?) (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phvs., (3.) 
 18. 190.) 
 
 CHLOROPHOSPHIDB OF NITROGEN. Entirely 
 N 2 P s C1 6 insoluble in water, but is slowly decom- 
 posed when in contact therewith. Ea- 
 sily soluble in alcohol, ether, oil of turpentine, 
 bisulphide of carbon, chloroform, benzin, and in 
 other hydrocarbons. When dissolved in ordinary 
 alcohol or ether, the solution gradually but com- 
 pletely decomposes on standing ; the solution in 
 absolute alcohol, however, or that in anhydrous 
 ether, may be preserved unchanged for a long time 
 if kept in well-stopped bottles, the decompo- 
 sition occurring in the cases first mentioned seem- 
 ing to depend upon the water which is present. 
 Soluble in oxychloride of phosphorus. Insoluble 
 in sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric acids, or in an 
 aqueous solution of potash. Decomposed by an 
 alcoholic solution of potash. (Gladstone, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 3. pp. 138, 354, 357.) 
 
 CHLOROPHOSPHITE OF X. Vid. Chloride of 
 X with Phosphite of X. 
 
 .Si'CHLORoPHTHALic ACID. Soluble in alco- 
 CIB H 4 C1 2 8 hoi. 
 
 fii'CHLOROPHTHALATE OF POTASH. (Strecker, 
 C 16 H 2 K a C1 2 8 J, Ch. Soc., 3. 252.) 
 
 JerCHLORoPHTHALic AciD(Anhydrous). Very 
 
 C 1S H C1 8 6 = C 16 II C1 3 4 1 2 spangly soluble in 
 j Wfttcr. 
 
 ZlerCHLORoPHTHALic ACID. Very soluble 
 (CliloroPhthalisic Acid,) in boiling water, 
 
 Cie H 3 Cl, 8 = C 16 H C1 3 6 , 2 H i n alcohol, ether, 
 
 and alkaline so- 
 lutions. 
 
 TVrCHLOROPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 TerCHLOROPHTHALATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 CHLOROPHYLL. Permanent. Insoluble in boil- 
 (Ctiromule.') ing water. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 c u HJ N 8 ? less soluble in ether. Soluble in con- 
 centrated acids, and alkalies. 
 
 CHLOROPHYLL with LIME. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter or alcohol. 
 
 CHLORC-PIANYL. Vid. ChloroMeconin. 
 
 N JC 12 H 4 C1 3 <" 
 
 Vid. Chloride of perChloro- 
 NitroMethyl. 
 
 CHLOROPICRYL. Vid. Chloride of terNitro- 
 Phenyl. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINIC ACID. Vid. fa'Chloride of 
 Platinum. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ACEDIAMIN. Readily 
 
 C 4 H 6 N 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 soluble in water ; less soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and scarcely at 
 
 all soluble in a mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 
 (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 103. 328.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ACETONIN. Soluble 
 c w H 18 N a , H Cl, Pt CI 2 in water, and in boiling al- 
 cohol acidulated with chlor- 
 hydric acid. Insoluble in ether. (Staedeler.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ACETOSAMIN[ACETOY- 
 
 (ChloroPlatinate of Acetylamin.') LAMINl. Somewhat 
 
 C 4 H 5 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 sparingly soluble in 
 
 cold, readily soluble 
 
 m boiling water. Almost insoluble in alcohol, 
 26 
 
 and ether. (Natanson, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm 98 
 296.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE of fetfraAcETOSAMMONiuM 
 
 N j (C 4 H 3 ) 4 Cl, Pt C1 2 + 2 Aq [ACETOYLAMMONL 
 UM I 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ACONITIN. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AGROSTEMMIN. Ppt., 
 from alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ALANIN. Soluble in 
 2 C 6 H 7 N 4 , H Cl, Pt Cl, water, alcohol, and a mix- 
 ture of alcohol and ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ALLYL with SULPHIDE 
 C 6 H 6 C1, PtCl, ; 3(C 6 H 5 S, PtS,) OF ALLYL & OF 
 PLATINUM. Near- 
 ly insoluble in water. After having once separated 
 out it is also very sparingly soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Unacted upon by chlorhydric acid, or al- 
 kaline solutions. (Wertheim.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ALLYLAMIN. Soluble 
 C 6 H 7 N, H Cl, Pt Cl, in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF frt'ALLYLAMiN. 
 C 18 H 1B N,HCl,PtCl, 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF fefrALLYLAMMONiuM. 
 C M H 20 N Cl, Pt Cl, Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ALUMINUM. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water. (Salm-Horstmar.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMARIN. Somewhat 
 c H N 2 , H Cl, Pt Cl, soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMIDOBENZOIC ACID. 
 Vid. ChloroPlatinate of Benzatnic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 
 C 14 H 8 N, 4 ,2HC1, PtCl 2 ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, alcohol, and ether. 
 (Voit.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMIDOSULPHOBEN- 
 
 C M H 9 (N H 2 ) S 2 4 , H Cl, Pt Clj ZID. Insoluble in 
 
 cold, soluble, with 
 
 partial decomposition, in hot water. Easily sol- 
 uble in cold alcohol. (Gericke, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 
 100. 213.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 
 C 24 Hg(NH 2 ) 2 S 2 4 ,2HCl,PtCl, ZID. Comports 
 itself towards sol- 
 vents in the same manner as the (preceding) mo- 
 no-amido compound. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMMONIUM. Difficult- 
 N H 4 Cl, Pt Cl, ly soluble in cold, more easily solu- 
 ble in hot water. (Fresenius, loc. 
 inf. cit.) Soluble in 150 pts. of cold, and 80 pts. 
 of boiling water. (Fischer.?) At 15 20 it is 
 soluble in 26535 pts. of alcohol of 97.5%, in 1406 
 5ts. of alcohol of 76%, and in 665 pts. of 55% 
 alcohol. If free chlorhydric acid be present, the 
 salt is soluble in 672 pts. of alcohol, of 76%, at 
 1 5 < 20. Very slightly soluble in cold, abun- 
 dantly soluble in boiling ammonia-water. (Fre- 
 senius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 69. 118.) 
 By a concentrated solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium this salt is almost completely precipitated 
 rom its aqueous solution. (Bcettger.) Soluble 
 n an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) Soluble 
 n an aqueous solution of normal succinate of 
 ammonia. (Dcepping.) It is less soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of bichloride of platinum than 
 n pure water. (Rogojski, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 41 452.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of pro- 
 oc'hlorideoftin. (Fischer.) Exceedingly easily 
 loluble, with decomposition, in a warm aqueous 
 iolution of sulphocyanide of potassium. (Claus, 
 
202 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 Beitrage, p. 40.) Insoluble in cold chlorhydric 
 acid. Soluble in hot chlorhydric, sulphuric, or 
 nitric acids, separating out again on cooling. 
 (Fischer.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMMONIUMCHLOR- 
 
 (BiChlorhydroCkloroplatinate of diplatinamin.') 
 
 N 2 H 6 PtCl, Cl, Pt C1 2 = N j Pt Cl . Cl, Pt C1 2 
 
 Readily 
 
 soluble in hot water. Insoluble, or but sparingly 
 soluble, in alcohol. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMYLAMIN. Tolerably 
 
 C 10 H 13 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 readily soluble in water, 
 
 especially if this be hot ; 
 
 less soluble in dilute spirit. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 494.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ^'AMYLAMIN. Toler- 
 C 20 H.J3 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 ably soluble in water. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF JH'AMYLAMIN. Ppt. 
 
 C 80 Hgg N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF tefrAMYLAMMONiuM. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMYLANILIN. Ppt. 
 Cjy H 19 N, H ci, Pt C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF rfzAMYLANiLiN. Sol- 
 C S2 H 27 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMYLNICOTIN. Ppt. 
 
 NC 10 H 7 (C 10 H n )Cl,PtCl 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMYLPIPERIDIN. Sol- 
 N C M H 21 , H Cl, Pt Cl, uble in weak alcohol. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 38. 100.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMYLQUINOLEIN. 
 N CC 18 H 7 '" CJ ptci Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 I c io H U ' a Insoluble in a mixture of 
 
 alcohol and ether. (Gr. 
 Williams.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AMYLSTRYCHNINE. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ANILIN. Sparingly 
 C M H 7 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Zinin.) The aqueous solu- 
 tion is easily decomposed by boiling. (Anderson.) 
 Insoluble in pure ether, and almost insoluble in a 
 mixture of alcohol and ether. (Hofmann, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 152.) Tolerably easily sol- 
 uble in water, less soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in absolute ether. (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ANIMIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 t C 16 H 7 4 Easily soluble in alco- 
 
 N } C 4 H B . 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 nol when tnig is gently 
 
 heated. Completely 
 
 insoluble in ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 53. 349.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ANISAMATE OF ME- 
 
 ( C, 6 H 7 4 THYL. Easily soluble 
 
 N\ /V TJ r\ w r*i i>i r*i iii * ... 
 
 < *^ 2 HS o 2 , a 01, t-i v,i 2 m alcohol, especially 
 
 when this is warm. 
 (Cahours, Ibid., p. 351.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ANISAMIC ACID. Tol- 
 erably easily soluble 
 in warm water, and 
 alcohol. (Cahours, 
 Ibid., p. 343.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 C 49 H 24 N, 6) H Cl, Pt C1 2 
 
 N 
 
 H Cl, Pt Cl a 
 
 Pharm., 88. 129.) 
 
 ANISIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 tagnini, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ARICIN. Very spar- 
 C^HajN-jOg, H Cl, Pt CI 2 ingly soluble in water. Tol- 
 erably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ARSENETIIYLIUM. 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 As Cl, Pt C1 2 Very difficultly soluble in cold, 
 but somewhat soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Insoluble in dilute, soluble, with de- 
 composition, in warm concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ARSENMETHYLETHY- 
 . c (C,H 3 ) 3 r , pt ri HUM. Soluble in boil- 
 As I (C 4 23, ' C1 ' pt C1 * ing, less soluble in cold 
 spirit. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ATROPIN. Readily 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. Also soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF AZONAPHTHYLAMIN-. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BARIUM. Permanent. 
 BaCl, Pt C1.+ 4 Aq Soluble in water, (v. Bons- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 
 251.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BEBIBIN. Insoluble 
 
 Cgg H 21 N 6 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 in water. Almost insolu- 
 
 ble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (v. Planta, Phil. Mag., 1851, (4.) 1. pp. 117, 116.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BENZAMATE OF 
 
 c C 14 H 5 2 ETHYL. Readily sol- 
 
 N C 4 H 5 . 2) H Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in akohoL J ( Ca . 
 
 hdurs, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 53. 329.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BENZAMIC ACID. Tol- 
 
 N c C 14 H 5 2 c , pt c , erably easily soluble 
 
 N i H 2 ' H C1 ' Pt C1 ^ in alcohol. Also sol- 
 
 uble in warm chlor- 
 
 hydric acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 53. pp. 324, 325.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BENZIDIN. Sparingly 
 
 C^Hj-jNj^CHCl, PtCl 2 ) soluble in water; is de- 
 
 composed when boiled 
 
 therewith, or with spirit. Almost insoluble in 
 alcohol or ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BERBERIN. Almost 
 C 42 H 19 N 10 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 insoluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF &?BROMALLYLAMIN. 
 C 12 H 9 Br 2 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 Nearly insoluble in abso- 
 
 lute alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BROMANILIN. Ppt. 
 C J2 H 6 Br N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 Somewhat soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF &ZBROMANILIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BROMOCINCHONIN. 
 
 C 40 H-a Br N 2 2 , 2 (H Cl, Pt Clj) ' 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF sesgwzBROMoCiNCHO- 
 C 80 H 46 Br 3 N 4 4 ,4(HCl, PtCl 2 ) NIN . Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BROMOCODEIN. In- 
 CM H 20 Br N 6 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 soluble in water or al- 
 cohol. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF terBROMoCoDEiN. Sol- 
 C 3 H 1E , Br 3 N 6 , HCl, Pt C1 2 uble in water, and al- 
 cohol. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 6;'BROMoMELANiLiN. 
 
 C t .H 11 Br,N,,HCl,PtCl 1 Insoluble in water. 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble 
 
 in ether ; somewhat more soluble in alcohol. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 301.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF terBROMoMELANi- 
 LIN. (?) Somewhat soluble in boiling, less solu- 
 
CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 203 
 
 ble in cold alcohol. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 302.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BRUCIN. Scarcely at 
 C 40 H.,6 N 2 8 , H 01, Pt C1 2 all soluble in water ; it is, 
 however, decomposed by- 
 continued boiling therewith. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF BUTYLAMIN. Soluble 
 
 (CUoro Platinate of Tetrylamin. in water, and alco- 
 Chloro Platinate of Butyliaque.) ^ Q ^ /^ \V U rtz Ann 
 
 N j < H! >, H Cl, Pt C1 2 Ch'.et Phus., (3?) 42. 
 
 167.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CACODYL. Soluble in 
 C, H 6 As Pt C1 3 = (C, H 3 ) 2 As Cl, Pt C1 2 water, with de- 
 composition. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CACOTHELIN. Spar- 
 C 40 H 22 N 4 18 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 ingly soluble in water, 
 and in mixed alcohol and 
 ether. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Phcurm., 91. 92.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CADMIUM. Resem- 
 Cd Cl, Pt CU -f- 6 Aq bles the zinc salt, q. v. (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 17. 
 259.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CAFFEIN. Permanent. 
 C 16 H 10 N 4 4 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter, alcohol, and ether. 
 (Nicholson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CALCIUM. Deliques- 
 Ca Cl, Pt C1 2 + 8 Aq cent. Soluble in aqueous so- 
 lutions of chloride of calcium, 
 and bichloride of platinum. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF in'CAPROYLAMiN. Ea- 
 (Chloro Platinate of sily soluble in ordinary 
 
 triHexyianin.) alcohol ; less readily sol- 
 
 N(C 12 Hi 3 ) 3 , HC1, Ltd, ul) j e - n water y erv 
 
 sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Petersen & Goessmann, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm,., 101. 312.) Tolerably easily soluble in 
 hot water. Soluble in ordinary alcohol, but diffi- 
 cultly soluble in absolute alcohol. When pure it 
 is almost insoluble in ether. (Petersen, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 102. 316.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CAPRYLAMIN. Vid. 
 ChloroPlatinate of Octylamin. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CARMINDIN. Exceed- 
 ingly soluble in water and in spirit. Ether pre- 
 cipitates it from the alcoholic solution. (Williams, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 7. 103.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CESIUM. Less soluble 
 Cs Cl, Pt C1 2 than chloroplatinate of potassium in 
 
 water. 
 
 By experiment : 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 0.021 pt. of it. 
 " 11 " 0.072 
 
 40 " 0.118 
 68 " 0.234 " 
 
 " 100 " 0.382 " 
 
 From these results the following table was obtained 
 by interpolation : 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 0.024 pt. of it. 
 
 10 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80" 
 90 
 100 
 
 0.050 
 0.079 
 0.110 
 0.142 
 0.177 
 0.213 
 0.251 
 0.291 
 0.332 
 0.377 
 
 (Kirchhoff & Bunsen, Pogg. Ann., 1861, 113. pp. 
 371, 373, and fig.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF OSTYL. Insoluble in 
 C 96 H M N, H Cl, Pt Cl, water. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ZHCETYLAMIN. Insol- 
 uble in water. Scarcely at all soluble in alcohol. 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CETYL4NILIN. Insol- 
 C 44 H 39 N > H Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in water. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF C^CETYLANILIN. Ea- 
 C 78 H 71 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 sily soluble in warm alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CHELIDONIN. Ppt. 
 Co H 19 N 3 o e , H Cl, Pt Cl, 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CHLORANILIN. Only 
 
 N C 12 H 6 Cl, H Cl, Pt 01, sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 but rather easily soluble in 
 
 boiling water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE of taCHLORoCiNCHONix. 
 4,, H 22 Cl, N 2 2 , 2 (H 01, Pt C1 2 ) + 2 Aq. Ppt . 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CHLOROCOBEIN. 
 C s6 H 2o Cl N O 6 , H Cl, Pt 01, Scarcely at all soluble 
 in water. (Anderson, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1851, 77. 370.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF &'CHLOROMELANILIN. 
 C 26 H u C1 2 N s , H Cl, Pt C1 2 Insoluble, or nearly in- 
 soluble, in ether. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 299.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CHLORONICINB. Sol- 
 C 20 H 12 C1 2 N,, 2 (H 01, Pt C1 2 ) uble in water. Insol- 
 uble, or but sparingly 
 soluble, in ether. (St. Evre.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CHLORONITROHAR- 
 C-jg H 10 Cl (N OJ N 2 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 MiN. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 I.) CHLOROPLATINATE OF CiNCHONiniN(of 
 NjCoeHjoO^HCl^PtClj Wittstein). Rather 
 t hygroscopic. 
 
 II.) CHLOROPLATINATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of 
 
 N 2 \ C w H M 0,, H Cl, Pt Cl, + 4 Aq P aste , ar )' P ,^~ 
 c May be washed 
 
 with acidulated water. (Leers, loc. cit.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CINCHONIN. Sparing- 
 C 10 H 24 N,0 2 ,2(HCl,PtCl 2 ) + 2Aq ly soluble in 
 
 boiling water. 
 Rather easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in hot water, alcohol, or ether ; 
 more readily soluble in an aqueous solution of bi- 
 chloride of platinum. (A. Erdmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF COBALT. Resembles 
 Co Cl Pt Cl. + 6 Aq the zinc salt, q. v. (v. Bons- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 17. 260.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CODEIN. Sparingly 
 CSG H 2t N 6 , H Cl, Pt Cl, + 4 Aq soluble in cold, 
 more soluble in 
 boiling water, with partial decomposition. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF COLLIDIN. Readily 
 C H U N, H Cl, Pt Cl a soluble in water. Insoluble 
 
 in alcohol or ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CONHYDRIN. Insolu- 
 C, 6 H 17 N 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 ble, or but sparingly solu- 
 ble in ether, or a mix- 
 ture of alcohol and ether. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Th. Wertheim.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CONIIN. Sparingly 
 C a H 15 N, H Cl, Pt C! 2 soluble in cold water, alcohol, 
 or ether. Very readily solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol. (Blyth, ./. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 354.) Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 (Ortigosa.) 
 
204 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF COPPEB. Deliquescent 
 CuCl, PtCl 2 + 6 Aq (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann. 
 1829, 17. 260.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF COTARNIN. Very spar 
 C 26 H 13 N 6 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF COTARNIN & OF NAR 
 
 ( ChloroPlatinate of Narcogenin.') (Gerhardt.) C O T I N 
 
 N j C* H'/OB". H Cl, Pt Clj ; N 5 C 26 H, 8 6 '", H Cl, Pt C1 2 
 v H ^ 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CREATININ. Tolerably 
 easily soluble in water ; less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CRYPTIDIN. Very 
 
 N CM H lt , H Cl, Pt Cl a sparingly soluble in cold 
 
 more soluble in boiling 
 
 water. May be washed with ether or alcohol. ( Gr, 
 
 Williams.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CUMARAMIN. Insolu- 
 C 18 H 7 N O 4 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 ble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CUMIDIN. Very spar- 
 c HU N, H Cl, Pt C1 3 ingly soluble in cold water ; 
 decomposed when boiled 
 with water. Extremely soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, but after a short time separates from these 
 solutions as an oil. (Nicholson,/. Ch. Soc., 1. 8.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CUMINAMIO ACID. 
 N $ C 20 H U 2 ) Q H C1 pt C) Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ? H * ' 2 ' (Cahours, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 53. 336.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CYANANILIN. Solu- 
 
 N \ HS - C 2 N, H Cl, Pt Cl, ble in water > and 
 1 *** cohol, the solution 
 
 undergoing decom- 
 position when evaporated. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 167.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CYANETHIN. Diffi- 
 
 C 18 HUJ N 8 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 cultly soluble in water. 
 Soluble in alcohol, the 
 
 solution undergoing decomposition when boiled. 
 
 Also soluble in a mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 
 (Frankland & Kolbe, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 73.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CYANoPHENYixfz'PHE- 
 
 NYL&I'AMIN. Very easily soluble in chlorhydricacid. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CYANOTHELIN. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CYANOTOLITENYL&Z 
 AMMONIUM. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CYMIDIN. Sparingly 
 C 20 H 15 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 soluble in water ; more solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and still more 
 soluble in ether. (Barlow, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 98. 249.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF CYSTIN. Extremely 
 easily soluble in water. Soluble in absolute al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether ; but ether does not pre- 
 cipitate it completely from the alcoholic solution. 
 (Berzelius, in his Jahresbericht, 1848, 27. 631.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF EMETIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Ethyl- 
 ChloroPlatinic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Soluble 
 N J * H ", H Cl, Pt C1 2 in boiling, less soluble in 
 
 * a cold water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 3O. 481.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF C?Z'ETHYLAMIN. Very 
 
 N S ( H B\ H Cl, Pt CI 2 soluble in water. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ^/ETHYLAMIN. Very 
 
 N j (C 4 H B ) 3 , H Cl, Pt Cl, soluble in water. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE . 
 
 N ( c < H o> Cl, Pt C1 2 Slightly soluble in boiling 
 water ; less soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF C&ETHYLAMYLAMIN. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF <HETHYLAMYLAMMO- 
 N HF 4 3 5 V Cl, PtCl 2 NIUM. More soluble in 
 ' 10 u boiling than in cold water. 
 
 As a precipitate it does not 
 fall very readily, but when once formed it is dif- 
 ficultly soluble. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLAMYLANILIN. 
 Cio rf u , H ci, Pt C1 2 
 
 fl TT 
 
 *^12 U 5 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ^riETHYLAMYLPnos- 
 
 P $ ( C 4 H 6 ) 3 c ^ pt C1 ^ PHONICM. Tolerably solu- 
 
 ( c io H u 2 ble in water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol or ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLANILIN. Ex- 
 N C^ H 6 (C 4 H B ), H Cl, Pt C1 2 ceedingly easily solu- 
 ble in water, and al- 
 cohol ; less soluble in a mixture of alcohol and 
 ether. (Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF <#ETHYLANILIN. Not 
 
 N C 12 H 6 (C 4 H 6 ) 2 , H Cl, Pt Cl 2 quite as soluble in 
 
 water or alcohol as 
 
 the corresponding salt of mono-ethylanilin. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLBROMANILIN. 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLBRUCIN. Solu- 
 C 46 HJJ (C 4 H B ) N 2 8 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 ble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. (Gunning.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLCHLORANILIN. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF C&ETHYLCHLORANI- 
 N CM H M Cl, H Cl, Pt Cl 2 LIN. Sparingly soluble, 
 or insoluble, in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLCODEIN. Insol- 
 C ift H^ N 6 , H Cl, Pt Cl 2 + Aq uble in cold, soluble, 
 apparently with de- 
 composition, in hot water. (How, J. Ch. Soc., 
 6. 136.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLCOLLIDIN. Spar- 
 
 3 H u N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 ingly soluble in water. (An- 
 derson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLCONIIN. Before 
 C 20 H 19 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 crystallizing it is easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol; 
 but when crystals have once formed they are some- 
 what sparingly soluble in alcohol. Ether precipi- 
 tates it from the alcoholic solution, (v. Planta & 
 Kekule', Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. pp. 134, 139.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF efo'ETHYLCoNiiN. Sol- 
 N CIB H 14 (C 4 H 8 ) 2 , Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol, (v. 
 Planta & Kekule, Ann. Cfi. u. Pharm., 89. 146.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF EiHYLfrCYANfo'AMiN. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in water. Easily soluble 
 n boiling alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLCYANANILIN. 
 Very soluble, like the cyananilin salt. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYI,</Z'ETHYLENEC?I- 
 
 ( c 4 H 5 PHENYL&JAMMONIUM. 
 
 N 2 i(C4H4") 2 .Cl,PtCl 2 
 
 -'1! "5/2 
 
CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 205 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF cftETHYLENEdlPHENYL- 
 N* \ & H ii"K 2 H Cl, 2 Pt CL &AMIN. 
 
 2 I ( C 12 H 5)2' 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLLiEPIDIN. Ppt. 
 
 N j g^"' . Cl, Pt CI 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Sol- 
 f C 10 H 7 ' p,. , , uble in hot, less soluble in 
 N i C 4 H 6 " " Cl cold water. Almost insolu- 
 ble in alcohol, even when 
 this is boiling. Insoluble in ether, (v. Planta 
 & Keknle, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 6.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLNITRANILIN. 
 N C 12 H 6 (N 04) (C 4 He), H Cl, Pt C1 2 Sparingly solu- 
 ble, or insoluble, 
 in cold water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 
 Cjo Ha, N Cl, Pt C1 2 MONIUM (or OF " 
 ClNNAMYLAMIN "). 
 
 what soluble in water. When boiled with a quan- 
 tity of water insufficient for its solution, it melts to 
 a resin. (Goessmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF frt'ETHYLPHENYLAM- 
 C M H 20 N Cl, Pt C1 2 MONIUM. Scarcely at all sol- 
 uble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF frtETHYLPnospHiN. 
 
 p irr HI TTCI Ptci Difficultl y soluble in cold 
 f | (C 4 H 8 ) s , H ra, u 2 water Insoluble in alco . 
 
 hoi or ether. (Hofmann 
 & Cahours.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF fefraETHYLPirospHO- 
 P (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Cl, Pt C1 2 NIUM. Difficultly soluble in 
 boiling water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol or ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLPICOLIN. Read- 
 w ( C,, H,"' , . . ily soluble in water, the so- 
 
 * < /~1I ^M *?*> ^i> 1 1 1 IV 
 
 I ^4 H o lution being decomposed by 
 
 ebullition. (Anderson.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLPIPERIDIN. 
 N C, 4 H 1B , H Cl, Pt C1 2 Sparingly soluble in water, 
 though more soluble in hot 
 than in cold. Soluble in spirit. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 38. 97.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF C&'ETHYLPIPERYLAM- 
 N C 10 H 10 (C 4 H B ) 2 Cl, Pt C1 2 MONIUM. Sparingly 
 soluble in hot, less sol- 
 uble in cold water. (Cahours, Ann: Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 38. 98.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLPYRIDIN. Spar- 
 N C 14 H 10 Cl, Pt C1 2 ingly soluble in cold water. 
 The solution is very slowly 
 decomposed by ebullition. Insoluble in a mix- 
 ture of alcohol and ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLQUININE. Sol- 
 c *o H 24 N 2 O 4 (C 4 H 5 ) Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold water. 
 (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 168.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLQUINOLEIN. 
 C a2 H n N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Gr. Williams.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLSINAMIN. Ppt. 
 c n H IO N 2 , H ci, Pt ci a 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. 
 C 42 H 2 i (C 4 H 5 ) N 2 4 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 Soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLTHIOSINAMIN. 
 C 12 H ]2 N 2 S 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 3 Permanent, Sparingly 
 soluble in water and in 
 alcohol. (Hinterberger.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ETHYLTOLUENYLA- 
 
 N C 18 Nja, H Cl, Pt C1 2 MIN (or OF ETHYLTOLUI- 
 
 DIN. Soluble in water. This 
 
 solution is liable to undergo decomposition. Very 
 soluble in alcohol ; less soluble in ether. (Morley 
 & Abel, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 70.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF rfz'ETHYLToLUENYLA- 
 MIN. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ZHETHYLTOLUENYLA- 
 N I (C 4 H ) 3 ) C1 pt C1 MIN. Nearly insoluble in 
 
 < C U H T J ' cold, readily soluble in hot 
 
 water. (Morley & Abel, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 7. 75.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF FoRMiCYi/ft'PHENYL&i'- 
 AMIN. 
 
 CHLOHOPLATINATE OF FUCUSIN. 
 
 CH 12 N 2 6 , HCl, PtCL, 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF FURFURIN. Soluble in 
 N I { (Cio H 4 2 ) 3 , H Cl, Pt CI 2 alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF GLYCERAMIN. Some- 
 
 C 8 H 9 N 4 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 what soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble, or 
 
 insoluble, in mixed alcohol and ether. (Berthelot 
 & De Luca.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF GLYCOCOLL. 
 
 I.) Of the monoChlorhydrate. 
 
 II.) Of the rfiChlorhydrate. 
 2 (C 4 H s N 4 ), H Cl, Pi C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF GUANIN. As insolu- 
 
 C 10 H B N 6 0.,, HCl,2PtClj + 4Aq. ble as chloroplati- 
 
 nate of ammonium 
 
 in cold water, but freely soluble in hot water. 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic, and carbonated, potash and soda. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF HEXYLAMIN. Vid. 
 ChloroPlatinate of Caproylamin. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 C 26 H 14 N 2 2 , H Cl, Pt Clj 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF HARMIN. 
 
 C 6 H 12 N Z 2 , H Cl, Pt Cl, 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF IODANILIN. Ppt. In- 
 N C,. H. I, H Cl, Pt Cl. soluble in ether. (Hofmann, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 1. 278.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF fcMoDoCoDEiN. Ppt. 
 N J ^38 H 18 1 2 8 H C]) pt Clj ^_ Aqi 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 6inIoDoMELANiLiN. 
 C M H n I 2 N 3 , H Cl, Pt Cl, Resembles the correspond- 
 ing bromo and chloromel- 
 anilin compounds. (Hofmann, J.Ch. Soc., 1. 304.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE of protochloride OF IRON. 
 Fe Cl, Pt Cl, + 6 Aq Quickly decomposes in the 
 air. Soluble in water, (v. 
 Bonsdorff, Fogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 258. ) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF JERVIN. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF LEPIDIN. Ppt. 
 N ^C w H fl ', HC1, PtCl, 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF LITHIUM. Soluble in 
 water, and spirit. Difficultly soluble, or insoluble, 
 in strong alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF LOPHIN. Easily sol- 
 
 C 42 H 16 Nj, H Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in alcohol, being more 
 
 soluble in this menstruum 
 
 than any other compound of lophin. (Goessmann 
 
 & Atkinson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Very 
 
 (ChloroPlatinate ofdiCobaltinamin.) slightly sol- 
 
 6 N H 8 . Co 3 Cl s , 3 Pt Cl a + 6 Aq & 21 Aq able in cold, 
 
 somewhat 
 more soluble in boiling water. (Gibbs & Genth, 
 
206 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 Smithson. Contrib., Vol. 9.) Tolerably soluble in 
 warm, less soluble in a cold aqueous solution 
 of bichloride of platinum. (Rogojski, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 451, 452.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF LUTIDIN. Readily 
 N I C H "', H Cl Pt Cl soluble in C 1(J > and sti11 
 
 Sparingly soluble, or in- 
 soluble, in alcohol or ether. Readily soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 a = Mg Cl, Pt Cl, -(- 2 Aq Absorbs water from the 
 air and forms the 6 Aq 
 
 salt. Combines with water with evolution of heat, 
 and then dissolves, (v. Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829, 17. 255.) 
 
 b = Mg Cl, Pt Cl, + 6 Aq Permanent. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. (Ibid.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF MANGANESE. 
 Mn Cl, Pt C1 2 + 6 Aq 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF MELANILIN. Slightly 
 
 C 26 H 13 N 8 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 soluble in boiling water ; 
 
 less soluble in alcohol ; and 
 
 still less soluble in ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 
 
 1. 295 ) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF MENAPHTHALAMIN. 
 Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF MESITYL. Vid. Ace- 
 ChlorPlatin. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF irt'METHYLAcETOS- 
 [ACETOYL] AMMONIUM. 
 Very easily soluble in 
 water. Very sparingly 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLAMIN. Solu- 
 N (C 2 Hg )HCI ptc j 2 ble in boiling, sparingly sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 457.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF <#METHYLAMIN. Some- 
 
 v i(C 2 H 32 ) Hr , Pfr . what difficultly soluble in 
 
 N 1 H ' H C1 ' Pt u * water ; still less soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether. (Pe-~ 
 
 tersen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 323.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 N (C 2 H 8 ) g , H Cl, Pt Cl, 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 Cl, Pt Cl, NIUM. Slightly more soluble 
 than the corresponding ethyl 
 compound. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLAMYLANI- 
 C M H 19 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 LIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLANILIN. Ex- 
 C 14 H 7 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 ceedingly easily soluble in 
 water. Sparingly soluble in 
 dilute chlorhydric acid, or alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF frv'METHYLAMYLPHOs- 
 PHONIUM. Very soluble 
 in boiling water ; some- 
 what less soluble in cold 
 
 N 
 
 Cl, Pt C1 2 
 
 water. 
 CHLOROPLATINATE 
 
 OF fri'METHYLBROM- 
 
 N S (C, H s ) s r] p . r| ETHYLAMMONIUM. Dif- 
 N t C 4 H 4 Br ' ' 2 ficultly soluble in cold, 
 easily soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLCINCHONIN. 
 C 40 H M N 2 2 (C 2 H 3 ), 2 H Cl, 2 Pt CI 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 
 M 5 (C, H,->, n , p. p,, AMMONIUM. Tolerably ea- 
 
 i\ < ff-\ IT \ ^'l * V/ln .1 111* T-\'/ 
 
 ( ( c * H s)2 ' sily soluble in water. > Dif- 
 
 ficultly soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYL^'ETHYLAM- 
 N \ C 2| . ci, Pt C1 2 MONIUM. Ppt. 
 
 f ( C 4 Vah 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METIIYLETHYLAMYL- 
 
 !C 2 H 3 AMIN. Very soluble in 
 
 C 4 H 5 , H Cl, Pt Cl, water ( Hofmann. ) 
 ^10 "11 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLA'ETHYL- 
 
 t (C 2 H s ) AMYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 N ) (C 4 H,) 2 . ci, Pt C1 2 
 
 ( ( c io H n) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLETHYLAMYL- 
 C 28 KU N Ci, Pt C1 2 PHENYLAMMONIUM. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLETHYLANI- 
 LIN. Very easily soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLETHYLCO- 
 NC 16 H 14 (C 2 H 3 )(C 4 H 6 )C1, PtCl 2 NUN. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold, 
 
 more soluble in-boiling water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether, (v. Planta & Kekule', Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 89. 139.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METiiYLfn'ETHYLPHOS- 
 P S(C 4 H 5 ) r , p, rl PHONIUM. Soluble in boil- 
 F ?C 2 H 3 <*,% ingi lesg soluble in co i d 
 
 water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol or ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF fn'METiiYLETHYLPHOs- 
 P $ (C 4 H s ) r . p. rl PHONIUM. Tolerably sol- 
 J(C 2 H 3 ) s ' C1 ' " C1 2 uble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol or ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLC?ETHYLENE- 
 
 C 2 H, d/PlIENYL6lAMMONIUM. 
 
 (C 4 HV') 2 .Cl,PtCl 2 ppt. 
 
 ( C 12 H s)z 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLLUTIDIN. 
 
 C 14 H 12 N Cl, Pt C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OFMETHYLNICOTIN. Sol- 
 \ C to H 7 '" c] pt c] uble in boiling, very sparing- 
 w \ C 2 Hg ' " " ^ l y soluble in cold water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Stahl- 
 schmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 225.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLNITROPHENI- 
 C 14 H 8 (N 0.4) N 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 DIN. Somewhat sol- 
 uble in hot water, 
 
 from which it separates as the solution cools. 
 (Cahours.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLPHENIDIN. 
 C 14 H 9 N 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 Soluble in boiling, lss sol- 
 uble in cold alcohol. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 341.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF Jn'METHYLPnospHiN. 
 P j (C, H.),, H 01, Pt C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF <eraMETHYLPHOSPHO- 
 NIUM. Soluble in boiling water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLPIPERIDIN. 
 C 12 H 18 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 Soluble in water ; more sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 93.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLQUINOLEIN. 
 N C 20 IVH Cl, Pi CL Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Gr. Williams.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METHYLURAMIN. 
 C 4 H 7 N s , H Cl, Pt C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF METOLUIDIN. Insol- 
 GSO HIT N., H Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in water and in alcohol. 
 (Wilson, ./. Ch. Soc., 3* 
 156.) 
 
CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 207 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF MORPHINE. Some- 
 C^ H 19 N 6 , HCI, PtCl a what soluble in warm wa- 
 ter. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OFNAPHTHYLAMIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. Still less soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NARCEIN. Ppt. 
 C 46 H 29 N 18 , H Cl, Ft C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NARCOTIN. Sparingly 
 C^ Hjjg N O 14 , H Cl, Pt CJ a soluble in hot water ; the 
 solution undergoing de- 
 composition when boiled for some time. (Ander- 
 son.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NICKEL. Resembles 
 Ni Cl, Pt C1 2 + 6 Aq the zinc salt, q. v. (v. Bons- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 
 260.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NICOTIN. Sparingly 
 
 N \ tc H HI) z CH ci Pt Cl } soluble in cold wa- 
 *{(. 10 7 >v (. > i> t er (Ortigosa.) Sol- 
 uble in boiling wa- 
 ter, and very soluble in a slight excess of nicotin. 
 (Barral, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 154.) Entirely 
 insoluble in alcohol or ether. Easily soluble in 
 warm dilute chlorhydric acid. (Ortigosa.) Some- 
 what soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NINAPHTHYLAMIN. 
 C 20 H 8 N 2 2 , H Cl, Pt cig Rather soluble. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF terNiTRAMARiN. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF (a)NiTRANiLiN. Very 
 
 C 12 H 8 (N 4 ) N, H Cl, Pt Cl a readily soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. Insoluble, 
 
 or very sparingly soluble, in ether. (Muspratt 
 & Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ((9)NiTRANiLiN. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 C 12 H (N 4 ) N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 ether, especially when 
 in presence of chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Much more soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. The aqueous, but not the alcoholic, solu- 
 tion is decomposed by evaporation. Decomposed 
 by washing with mixed alcohol and ether. ( Arppe, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 363.) 
 
 II.) bi. Somewhat soluble in water. Less sol- 
 
 C 12 H 6 (N0 4 )N,HC1, 2Pt C1 2 uble than the normal 
 
 salt in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Partially soluble in alkaline liquors. (Arp- 
 pe, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 363.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NiTRoCoDEiN. In- 
 C M H.JO (N 4 ) N Og, H Cl, Pt C1 2 4. 4 Aq soluble in wa- 
 ter or alcohol. 
 (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NITROHARMALIN. Ppt. 
 C 26 H 13 (N 4 ) N 2 O 2) H Cl, Ft C) 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NITROHARMIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF 6NiTRoMELANiLiN. 
 C^ H u N 5 8 , H Cl, Ft C1 2 Insoluble in water or alco- 
 hol. Only slightly soluble 
 in ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1849, 1. 307.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NITROMESIDIN. In- 
 c w H 12 N 2 4 , H Cl, Ft C1 2 soluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Maule, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 2. 119.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF NITROPAPAVERIN. 
 C 40 H 20 (N 4 ) N 8 , H Cl, Ft C1 2 Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OP OCTTLAMIN. Some- 
 
 (ChloroPlatinate of Caprylamin.") what soluble in Cold, 
 C 16 H 19 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 muc ij more 
 
 in hot water. Tol- 
 
 erably soluble in alcohol. Very easily soluble in 
 ether. (Squire, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 109.) Much less 
 soluble in water than the chlor-aurate. Very sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether ; less soluble in water. 
 (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 142.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF OLANis(of Unverdor- 
 ben). Eeadily soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PAPAVERIN. Insol- 
 C 40 H 21 N O 8 , H Cl, Ft C1 2 uble in water or alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PARANICINE. Scarcely 
 C K> H w N, H Cl, Ft C1 2 at all soluble in ether. (St. 
 Evre [Ger.].) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PELLDTEIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PELOSIN. Ppt 
 Cgg H 21 N 6 , H Cl, Ft Cl s 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PETININ. Easily sol- 
 C 8 H u N, H Cl, Ft CI 2 uble in water. Also soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ch'PHENiN. 
 C 24 H 12 N 4 , 2 (H Cl, Ft Cl 2 ) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PHENYLACETOSAMIN. 
 
 (Chloro Platinate of Acetoylamin.) Tolerably soluble in 
 
 C 16 H 9 N, H Cl, Ft Cl 3 ' boiling, less soluble 
 
 in cold water. (Na- 
 
 tanson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF <nPnENYLAMiN. Per- 
 
 N j (C 12 H 5 ) 3 , H Cl, Ft Ci 2 manent. Easily soluble 
 
 in water and in alcohol of 
 
 80% ; less soluble in stronger alcohol. Insoluble, 
 or sparingly soluble, in ether. (Gcessmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF fn'PHENTLETHTLAM- 
 C 40 H 20 N Cl, Ft Cl a MONIUM. Somewhat soluble 
 in hot, less soluble in cold 
 water. (Gcessmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PHENTLSOLPHOCAR- 
 
 ( C 2 s," BAMID. 
 
 N 2 )c 12 a B) HCl,Ptci 2 
 
 <H 3 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PHENTLUREA. Solu- 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 , HCl,Ptcl 2 ble in warm, less soluble 
 in cold water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF efrPnENYLUREA. Ppt. 
 C 2 H 2 (Cj S H 5 ) 2 N 2 2> 2 H Cl, 2 Pt CI 2 Somewhat solu- 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PHTALIDIN. Ppt. 
 Easily decomposed. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PICOLIN. Much more 
 \r 5 r> H in H n P* ri soluble in water than the 
 
 " ) *^12 "7 ) " U 'J "" *^*t j- c 
 
 corresponding salt of am- 
 lin. 
 
 Soluble in 4 pts. of water (Unverdorben) ; in 
 about 4 pts. of boiling water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol. (Anderson.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PIPERIDIN. Very sol- 
 C 10 H u N, H Cl, PtCI 2 uble in water ; less soluble in 
 alcohol. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 38. 82.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PIPERIN. Very spar- 
 
 C 08 Hjg N 2 O t2 , H Cl, Pt Cl 2 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 It appears to undergo 
 
 partial decomposition when treated with much 
 water. Tolerably soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 in cold alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PLATIN(OS)&I'AMIN. 
 
 (Chloro Platinate of diPlatosamine.) 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in water. (Reiset, 
 N,JH 8 .Pt'Cl ) PtCl J Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.)11.429.) 
 
208 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATES. 
 
 II.) di. Ppt. (Reiset, foe. cit.) 
 2 (N s | H 6 . Pt' Cl), Pt Cl, 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF POTASSIUM. Perma- 
 
 KCl PtCl 2 nent. Difficultly soluble in cold, 
 more easily soluble in hot water. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in absolute alcohol ; diffi- 
 cultly soluble in dilute spirit. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 120.) Soluble in 200 pts. of water. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.} 
 
 By experiment: 
 100 pts. of water at 0.0 dissolve 0.724 pt. of it. 
 
 f ctO t\ Q7Q ft 
 
 6.8 
 
 13.8 
 
 46.5 
 
 71.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 0.873 
 0.927 
 1.776 
 3.018 
 5.199 
 
 From these results the following table was ob- 
 tained by interpolation : 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 0.74 pt. of it. 
 
 " * f\o (( n on tf 
 
 10 
 
 0.90 ' 
 
 20 
 
 1.12 
 
 30 
 
 1.41 
 
 40 
 
 1.76 
 
 50 
 
 2.17 
 
 60 
 
 2.64 
 
 70 
 
 3.19 
 
 80 
 
 3.79 
 
 90 
 inn 
 
 4.45 
 5.18 
 
 (Kirchhoff&Bunsen, Pogg. Ann., 1861, 113. 372, 
 
 and fig.) 
 
 At 15 ( 20 it is soluble in 12083 pts. of alcohol 
 of 97.5%, in 3775 pts. of alcohol of 76%, and in 
 1053 pts. of alcohol of 55% ; and if a small amount 
 of free chlorhydric acid is present it dissolves in 
 1835 pts. of alcohol, of 76%, at 15 20. (Fre- 
 senius, Ann. Ch. . Pharm, 59. 117.) 
 
 Unacted upon by cold concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Lassaigne, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. 126.) 
 But sparingly soluble in cold, more easily soluble 
 in hot dilute acids. Soluble in a solution of caustic 
 potash ; it does not separate therefrom when the 
 saturated solution is cooled. (H. Rose.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic potash, especially 
 when this is hot, though difficultly in any case ; 
 if the boiling is continued, hydrate of platinum 
 separates. (Glaus, Beitrdge, p. 35.) Very easily 
 soluble in a warm aqueous solution of hyposul- 
 phite of soda mixed with a little free soda. (Himly.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of normal succi- 
 nate of ammonia (Dcepping) ; in an aqueous so- 
 lution of chloride of ammonium. (Brett. Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) Insoluble in a strong 
 cold aqueous solution of chloride of potassium. 
 (W. Gibbs, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 70.) Insoluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the alkaline carbonates 
 and bicarbonates, even when these are hot. (H. 
 Rose, TV.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PROPYLAMIN. Solu- 
 (ChloroPlatinate of Tritylamine.) ble in cold water. 
 N{ H ',HCl,PfcCl, Sparingly soluble 
 
 I H 2 in alcohol or ether. 
 
 ( Anderson. ) Readily soluble in boiling, less solu- 
 ble in cold water. (Berthelot & De Luca.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PURPUREOCOBALT. 
 5 N H, . Co, C1 3 , 2 Pt C1 2 Much less soluble than the 
 chloride, and may be wash- 
 ed with water. (Claudet, Phil. Mag., (4.) 2. 257.; 
 Nearly insoluble in cold, very difficultly soluble in 
 hot water. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contnb. 
 Vol. 9. p. 28 of the Memoir.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF PYRIDIW. Readily 
 N ^C 10 H 6 ',HCl,PtCl ! soluble in boiling water, 
 
 ( ' but is decomposed by con- 
 
 tinuous boiling ; less soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF QUINIDIN. 
 N 2 1 CM H 24 4 , 2H Cl,2 Pt Cl, + 4 Aq 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF QUININE. Soluble in 
 C 40 H M N 2 4> 2 (H Cl, Pt C1 2 ) + 2 Aq 1 500 pts. of 
 
 cold, and 120 
 
 pts. of boiling water, and in 2000 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF QUINOLEIN. Soluble 
 (CtiloroPlatinate of Leukol. jn 893 pts. of water at 
 CUoroPlatinateofChinolin.) 15 50 (\YiHiams.) Spar- 
 On H, N, H Cl, Pt Cl, - ngly goluble in cold wa . 
 
 ter, in alcohol, or ether. A mixture of alcohol 
 and ether is well adapted for washing the salt. 
 Sparingly soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Hofmann, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 173.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF RETININ. Tolerably 
 !. H,, N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 soluble in cold, readily solu- 
 ble in hot water. Soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF RUBIDIUM. Much less 
 Kb Cl, Pt C1 2 soluble than chloroplatinate of potas- 
 sium in water. Completely insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 By experiment : 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 0.193 pt. of it at 0.0 
 0.135 " 13.5 
 0.195 " 48 
 " 0.263 " 60 
 
 0.641 " 100 
 
 From these results the following table was ob- 
 tained by interpolation : 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 0.184 pt. of it. 
 
 10 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 90 
 100 
 
 0.154 
 0.141 
 0.145 
 0.166 
 0.203 
 0.258 
 0.329 
 0.417 
 0.521 
 0.634 
 
 (Kirchhoff & Bunsen, Pogg. Ann., 1861, 113. 
 
 pp. 352, 373, and fig.) 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SANGUINARIN. 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SARCIN. Readily sol- 
 C 10 H 4 N 4 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in hot, sparingly 
 soluble in cold water. 
 (Strecker.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SARCOSIN. Insoluble 
 N j C. H 7 4 , H Cl, Pt Cl a + 2 Aq ^ alcohol or ether. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SILVER. 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SINAMIN. 
 
 C 8 H 6 N 2 , 2(HCl,PtClj) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SINAPIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SINCALIN. Soluble-in 
 C H NO H Cl Pt Cl water, (v. Babo & Hirsch- 
 brunn.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SODIUM. Easily solu- 
 M. n Pt ri i 6 Aa ble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Mussin-Puschkin.) Soluble 
 in alcohol of 0.837 sp. gr. (Berzelius, L ehrb., 2. 
 492.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of chlond* 
 of sodium. 
 
CHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 
 209 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF SPARTEIN. Insoluble 
 
 N | C 16 H 13 "', H Cl, Pt C1 2 + 2 Aq ^ cold water or 
 
 alcohol, but is 
 
 decomposed when boiled therewith. Soluble, 
 without alteration, in warm, less soluble in cold 
 chlorhydric acid. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE or STIBETHTLIUM. Tol- 
 2 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Sb Cl, 3 Pt C1 2 erably easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Lce- 
 wig.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF STIBMETHTLIUM. 
 Sb (C 2 H 3 ) 4 Cl, Pt C1 2 Sparingly soluble in cold wa- 
 ter, entirely soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in solutions of the alkalies ; more 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. It is the least soluble 
 of any of the compounds of stibmethylium. (Lan- 
 dolt.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF STRONTIUM. Perma- 
 Sr Cl, Pt C1 2 + 8 Aq nent. Exceedingly easily 
 soluble in water, (v. Bons- 
 dorflf, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 252.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF STRYCHNINE. Al- 
 
 C< 2 H 22 N 2 4 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 most insoluble in water 
 
 or in ether. Difficultly 
 
 soluble in weak boiling alcohol. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in nitric acid. (Abel & Nicholson, 
 J. CL Soc., 2. 254.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF TETRTLAMIN. Vid. 
 ChloroPlatinate of Butylamin. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF THEBAIN. Sparingly 
 C 38 H 21 N 6 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 + 2 Aq soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter, apparently with 
 partial decomposition. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF THEOBHOMIN. Efflo- 
 C 14 H 8 N 4 4 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 rescent. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF THIACETONIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF THIOSINAMIN. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 S 2 , H Cl, Pt C1 3 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF THIOSINETHYLAMIN. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF TOLUAMIC ACID. Sol- 
 
 C w H 9 N 4 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 uble in boiling alcohol 
 
 acidulated with chlorhydric 
 
 acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 333.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ToLUENYLAMiN(or OF 
 C 14 H 9 N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 TOLUIDIN.) Insoluble in 
 alcohol or ether. (Muspratt 
 & Hofmann.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF tn'ToLUENYLAMiN. 
 N j (C 14 H 7 ) 3 , H Cl, Pt C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF TRITYLAMIN. Vid. 
 ChloroPlatinate of Propylamin. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF VERATRIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF fctfraViNYLiuM. Ppt. 
 (C 4 H 3 ) 4 NC1, Pt C1 2 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF XANTHOCOBALT. Dif- 
 N 2 . 5 N H 3 . C 2 0, C1 2 ; 2 Pt C1 2 + 2 Aq fi C U 1 1 1 y 
 
 soluble in 
 
 water, either hot or cold. Soluble in hot dilute 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF XYLIDIN. Soluble in 
 C 16 H u N, H Cl, Pt C1 2 water; being more readily 
 soluble than the correspond- 
 ing salt of cumidin. (Church.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINATE OF ZINC. Permanent. 
 
 Zn Cl, Pt C1 2 + 6 Aq Soluble in water, (v. Bons- 
 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 
 
 259.) Deliquesces in moist air. Easily soluble 
 
 in water, and alcohol. (Huenefeld.) 
 
 27 
 
 CHLOROPLATINOUS ACID. Vid. protoChloride 
 of Platinum. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF AMMONIUM. Easily 
 
 N H 4 Cl, Pt Cl soluble in water. ( Vauquelin, Mag- 
 
 nus.) Excessively easily soluble 
 
 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Peyrone, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. pp. 42, 463.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF ANILIN. [Several com- 
 pounds.] 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE of 
 
 ( (C 4 H 5 ) 2 
 C 8 H 14 N, Pt 2 C1 2 = N 2 j H 3 H Cl, Pt Cl Inso l u _ 
 
 ble in 
 
 water. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 
 485.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF 
 
 C 4 H 10 N 2 Pt 2 C1 2 = N 
 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 
 H, 
 
 H Cl, Pt Cl 
 
 Insola _ 
 
 ble in 
 water. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 462.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF NICOTIN. 
 
 I. ) Orange-colored salt. Insoluble in cold, sola- 
 
 C 20 H 14 N 2 , 2 (Pt Cl, 2 H Cl) ble in boiling water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol or 
 
 ether. Soluble in nicotin, and in chlorhydric acid 
 without decomposition ; also soluble in nitric acid. 
 (Raewsky, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 25. 332.) 
 
 II.) Red salt. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 
 C 20 H 14 N 2 ,2(PtCl, HCl) easily soluble in warm 
 
 water. Insoluble in al- 
 
 cohol or ether. Soluble in cold chlorhydric and 
 nitric acids, also in warm nitric acid. (Raewsky, 
 Ibid., p. 335.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF C^PLATOSAMINE. Vid. 
 Chloride of Platin(ous)Wamin & of Platinum. 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF POTASSIUM. Tolerably 
 K Cl, Pt Cl easily soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Magnus.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF SODIUM. Easily solu- 
 NaCl, Ptci ble in water, and alcohol. (Magnus.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF TIN. 
 
 (Containing less Sn, Cl than No. II.) Deliques- 
 !/ (Olive-green compound.) cent. Sol- 
 
 uble in a 
 
 small quantity of water, but this solution is decom- 
 
 posed on being diluted with much water. (Kane.) 
 
 (Containing more Sn Cl than No. I.) Soluble in 
 
 IL ) (Red compound.) a small 
 
 quantity of 
 
 water, but the solution decomposes when diluted. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 CHLOROPLATINITE OF ZINC. Sparingly solu- 
 ZnCl PtCl ble in cold, more easily soluble m 
 hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Huenefeld.) 
 
 CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID. Easily soluble in 
 C 6 H 8 C10 4 = C 6 H 4 C10 S ,HO water. 
 
 CHLOROPROPIONATE OF ETHYL. 
 C a H 4 Cl (C 4 H s ) 4 
 
 CHLOROPROPIONATE OF SILVER. Tolerably 
 
 r H Cl AeO. easily soluble in water, the solution 
 
 undergoing decomposition when 
 
 boiled or evaporated. It is much more soluble 
 
 than propionate of silver. (Ulrich.) 
 
 TerCHLORoPROPioNic ACID. Vid. Chloro- 
 Succic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROPROPY LENE . 
 C e H s Cl 
 
210 
 
 CHLOROSALIGENIN. 
 
 .Bz'CHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 C H 4 C1 2 
 
 TerCHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 C 6 H 3 Cl, 
 
 Quaefn'CHLOROPROPYLENE. 
 C 6 H|C1 4 
 
 C 6 H C1 B 
 
 CHLOROPYROCITRYL. Decomposed by water, 
 C 10 H 4 4 C1 2 and alcohol. (Gerhardt & Chiozza.) 
 
 CHLOROPYROMUCATE OF ETHYL. Vid. PjrO- 
 
 Mucate of Ethyl with Chlorine. 
 
 CnLORoPYRoMucYL. Vid. Chloride of Pyro- 
 Mucyl. 
 
 CnLORoQuiNONAMic ACID. Vid. ChloroKi- 
 nonamic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROQUINONAMID. Vid. ChloroKinonamid. 
 
 CHLORoQuiNONE. Vid. ChloroKinone. 
 
 .ZftCHLORoQuiNONic ACID. Vid. WChloroKi- 
 nonic Acid. 
 
 CHLORORCEID. Vid. ChlorOrcin. 
 
 CHLORORCEIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 " C 8 H 10 N 8 C1 2 " in alcohol, ether, and ammonia- 
 
 water. Soluble, with more or 
 
 less decomposition, in a solution of potash. 
 
 (Kane.) 
 
 TerCHLORORCiN. Soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 
 r R ri o C M H s c k" I o u ble in cold water 
 C 14 H 5 C1 3 4 _ flO. . 
 
 and in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Schunk.) 
 
 TerCHLORC-RCiN with BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 water. (Schunk.) 
 
 CHLORORHODIATE OF X. Vid. Chloride of X 
 & of Rhodium. 
 
 CHLORORUTHENIATE OP AMMONIUM. Insolu- 
 
 N H 4 Cl, Ru C1 2 (?) ble in a cold aqueous solution 
 of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Claus, Beitrage, pp. 55, 56.) 
 
 CHLORORUTHENIATE OF POTASSIUM. Easily 
 
 KCl, RuCi 2 soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol of 70%. Very sparingly soluble 
 in a concentrated aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. The concentrated aqueous solution 
 is only partially precipitated on the addition' of 
 alcohol. (Claus, in Gin.) Insoluble in a cold 
 saturated aqueous solution of chloride of potas- 
 sium. (W. Gibbs, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 70.) 
 
 CHLOROSALHYDRAMID. Vid. Hydride of 
 ChlorAzoSalicyl. 
 
 CHLOROSALICIN. Soluble in water, and alco- 
 
 C 26 H 17 Cl 14 -f 4 Aq hoi. Insoluble in ether. Sol- 
 
 uble in concentrated sul- 
 
 phuric acid. Decomposed by warm dilute acids. 
 
 (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 276.) 
 
 .Bz'CnLORoSALiciN. Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 C 36 H ]6 Clj 14 + 2 Aq ing, but scarcely at all solu- 
 ble in cold water. Toler- 
 ably soluble in alcohol. Almost insoluble in 
 ether. Much more soluble (without decomposi- 
 tion) in dilute alkaline solutions than in pure wa- 
 ter. Decomposed by hot chlorhydric acid. (Piria, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 278.) 
 
 Almost entirely insolu- 
 C 26 H 15 C! s 14 + 2 Aq ble in cold, and very spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. Its best solvent is weak alcohol. (Piria, 
 Ibid., p. 281.) 
 
 CHLOROSALICYL. Vid. Chloride of Salicyl ; 
 and also ChloroSalicylous Acid. 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLIC ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 C 14 H 5 Cl 8 in cold water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Cli. et Phys., (3.) 13. 
 108.) Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. Also soluble in alkaline solu- 
 tions, with combination. (Piria.) 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 ^Jz'CHLORoSALicYLic ACID. Sparingly solu- 
 C 14 H 4 C1 2 6 ble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 water. Very easily soluble in 80% 
 alcohol ; still more soluble in ether. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, when this is gently 
 heated, from which solution it is deposited on 
 cooling. Soluble in boiling nitric acid. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 109.) 
 
 fiz'CHLORoSALiCYLATE OF AMMONIA. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 /ftCHLOROSALICYLATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Ethyl- 
 
 fo'Chloro Salicylic Acid. 
 
 Z&CHLOROSALICYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. 
 
 Methyl&i'ChloroSalicylic Acid. 
 
 JBt'CHLOROSALICYLATE OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 ^'CHLOROSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Soluble 
 C 14 H 3 K C1 2 6 in boiling, less soluble in cold wa- 
 ter; more soluble in water con- 
 taining alcohol. Easily soluble in boiling water 
 which has been mixed with J of its volume of al- 
 cohol of 36% ; from this solution it separates on 
 cooling. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 
 pp. 108, 110.) 
 
 Bt'CHLOROSALICYLATE OF SlLVER. Insoluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLIDE OF X. Vid. ChloroSali- 
 cylite of X. 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLIMID. Vid. Hydride of Chlor- 
 AzoSalicyl. 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLOUS ACID or HYDRIDE OP 
 (Chloride of Salicyl (improperly). CHLOROSALICYL. 
 Chlor Salicyl. Chloride of Spiroyl I nso l u bl e in water, 
 (improperly). CMorSprroyl). ^^ ^^ jn 
 
 CuH 4 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in alkaline solutions, and in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 unchanged by water. The alkaline chlorosalicy- 
 lites are less soluble in water (than the salicylites? 
 Gmelin). (Pagenstecher, Lcewig.) 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLITE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLITE OF BARYTA. 
 C 14 H 4 Ba ci 4 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLITE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLITE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROSALICYLITE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Piria.) 
 
 BtCHLOROSALICYLOUS ACID Or HYDRIDE OF 
 
 C 14 H 4 C1 2 4 ^CHLOROSALICYL. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 Bl'CHLOROSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSALIGENIN. Soluble in water, alcohol, 
 C , H, Cl 0, and ether. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 14. 284.) 
 
 JBzCHLORoSALiGENiN. Scarcely soluble in wa- 
 C,, H Cl, 0- ter at ordinary temperatures. (Piria, 
 Ibid., p. 280.) 
 
 TVCHLOROSALIGENIN. 
 C H Cl, 4 
 
CHLOROSUCCINIMID. 
 
 211 
 
 CHLOROSALYLIC ACID. Abundantly soluble 
 (Chloro Benzole Acid(of Chiozza & in boiling, sparing- 
 Limpricht). Isomeric with. Ohio- \y so l u ble in cold 
 roBenzoic Add, Chloride qfSalicyl, ,ator (Ohinv/st 
 and CkloroSalicylous Acid.) \ \^~' 1> ]^^ a '> 
 
 C 14 H 5 Cl 4 = C 14 H 4 Cl 3 , H Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 36. 105.) Sol- 
 uble in 881 pts. of water atO. (Kolbe & Laute- 
 mann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 115. 187 [K.].) Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Limpricht & v. 
 Uslar.) 
 
 CHLOROSALYLATE OP AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLOROSALYLATE OP BARYTA. Very readily 
 C 14 H 4 Ba Cl 4 + 3 Aq soluble in warm, less solu- 
 ble in cold water. Toler- 
 ably soluble in warm alcohol. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 36. 106.) 
 
 CHLOROSALYLATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in 
 C 14 H 4 Ca Cl 4 + 3 Aq water. (Limpricht & v. 
 Uslar.) 
 
 CHLOROSALYLATE OF POTASH. Very soluble 
 in water. (Limpricht & v. Uslar.) 
 
 CHLOROSALYLATE OF SILVER. Somewhat 
 C 14 H 4 Ag Cl 4 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSALYLATE OF SODA. Very soluble in 
 water. (Limpricht & v. Uslar.) 
 
 CHLOROSAMID. Vid. Hydride of ChlorAzo- 
 Salicyl. 
 
 CHLOROSASSAFRAS-OIL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 20 H C1 9 4 = C *> C1 2 | 2 ( St - Evre - ) 
 
 CHLOROSEBACIC ACID. 
 
 C 20 H 17 Cl 8 
 
 B/CHLOROSEBACIC ACID. 
 
 t .,, , HIQ Cl2 Og 
 
 CHLOROSMIATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in 
 K Cl, Os C1 2 water, especially if this be hot. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol, or in aqueous saline 
 solutions, but alcohol does not precipitate it com- 
 pletely from the saturated aqueous solution. (Ber- 
 zelius.) Less soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash than in pure water and is not at 
 once decomposed thereby. (Glaus, Beitrage, 
 p. 28.) 
 
 CHLOROSTANNATE OF X. Vid. Chloride of X 
 & of Tin. 
 
 CHLOROSTEARIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Chloro Bassic Acid.) 
 
 ^36 H 26 C'lO O* 
 
 ClILOROSTEARATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 CiiLORoSTEARATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CHLORO STEARATE OF POTASH. Almost insol- 
 uble in cold water. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Hardwick, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 237.) 
 
 CHLOROSTILBENE. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 (CUoStilbase.) ether. 
 C 28 H u Cl 
 
 CHLOROSTRYCHNINE. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 C 42 H 21 Cl N 2 4 ingly soluble, in water. Soluble 
 in dilate chlorhydric acid. (Lau- 
 rent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 313.) 
 
 jTerCiiLORoSTRYCHNiNE. Almost insoluble in 
 
 C 42 H io Cig N 2 4 water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. More soluble in acids 
 
 than in water. 
 
 CHLOROSTYRACIN. Vid. ChloroCinnamate of 
 terChloroStyracyl. 
 
 CHLOROSTYROL. Vid. ChloroCinnamene ; and 
 Chloride of Cinnamene. 
 
 CHLORoSuccic ACID. Soluble in water, ab- 
 
 TriCUoroPropionic Acid. solute alco- 
 
 Metacetic Acid biCMori.) \ i j .1 
 
 ~ , H C1 3 4 ? (C 6 H 2 Cl, 3 of Malag^.) Jjf'a la g u t [' 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 68.) 
 
 CiiLORoSuccATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCATE OF SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 C 6 ,Ag C1 3 4 uble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCID. 
 C 6 C1 4 2 
 
 CHLORoSucciLAMiD. Very sparingly soluble 
 C 4 H 2 N C1 2 in cold, readily soluble in boiling 
 water. Very readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. pp. 77, 79.) 
 
 CHLORoSucciLic ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF BARYTA. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF COPPER. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF LEAD. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF LIME. Appears to be 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF MAGNESIA. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF MANGANESE. Appears 
 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water and in alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCILATE OF ZINC. Appears to be 
 soluble in water. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. pp. 78, 79.) 
 
 CHLOROSUCCINIC ACID. 
 C 6 HC1 3 4 =C 6 C1 3 3 , HO 
 
 CHLOROSUCCINATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CHLOROSUCCINATE OF SILVER. Somewhat 
 C 8 C1 3 Ag 4 soluble in water. 
 
 Qwadn'CHLORoSucciNic ACID. 
 (BiChlor Oxalic Acid.) 
 C 8 H 2 C1 4 8 
 
 QwarfnCHLOROSuCCINATE OF perCHLOR- 
 
 (Acetaatt ofEthylperchlort.) ETHYL Insoluble 
 
 CM C1 14 8 = C 8 C1 4 (C 4 a,), 8 m cold, soluble, 
 
 with decomposition, 
 
 in hot alcohol. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 16. 67.) Soluble in alcohol, and ether, especially 
 when these are heated, with alteration. (Cahours, 
 Ibid., (3.) 9.209.) 
 
 QiloJn'CHLOROSuCCINATE OF POTASH. 
 C 8 K 2 C1 4 8 
 
 CHLOROSUCCINIMID. Almost insoluble in 
 
 (Chloro Sucdnylamid. water. Very readily 
 
 ChlorAzoSuccic Acid.) ^ soluble in alcohol, 
 
 C 8 HC1 4 N0 4 = NJH 8C140< and ether. Soluble, 
 
 with combination, in 
 
 ammonia-water. (Malagnti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 74.) 
 
 With ] 
 
 AMMONIA, 
 
 BARYTA, I it forms compounds which a 
 
 MAGNESIA, f pear to be soluble in water. 
 MANGANESE, 
 and ZINC, 
 
212 
 
 CHLOEOSULPHONAPHTHALATES. 
 
 With ] 
 
 COPPER, 
 
 LIME, 
 MERCURY, 
 and SILVER, J 
 
 its compounds are precipitates. 
 
 ACID. Vid. ^'Sulphate of 
 S Cl 2 or S C1 3 , 2 S 3 terChloride of Sulphur. 
 
 CnLORoSuLPHATE OF X. Vid. Chloride of X 
 with Sulphate of X. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHATE OF ACETYL. Vid. Chlor- 
 
 AcetylSulphurous Acid. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Chlor- 
 
 EthylSulphurous Acid. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHATE OF METHYL. Vid. ChlotO- 
 
 MethylSulphurous Acid. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHATE OF PHENYL. Vid. Chloro- 
 SulphoBenzolic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHATE OF SULPHIDE OF NITRO- 
 GEN. Vid. Chloride of Sulphur with 6j'Sulphide 
 of Nitrogen. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHIDE OF ANTIMONY. Absorbs 
 
 Bb C1 8 S 2 water from the air, with decomposition. 
 It is immediately decomposed by water, 
 or chlorhydric acid. (Cloez, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30.375.) 
 
 CHLORO SULPHIDE OF CARBON. Insoluble in 
 CSCl water. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHIDE OF NITROGEN. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Sulphur with WSulphide of Nitrogen. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 j.) PS 10 C1 2 Very slowly decomposed by water. 
 
 II.) PS 2 Cl s Decomposed by water, especially 
 
 if this be hot. 
 
 III.) PS 4 C1 5 Immediately decomposed by wa- 
 
 ter, and still more readily by alka- 
 
 line solutions. -Also decomposed by alcohol, ether, 
 
 and oil of turpentine. It is miscible with bisul- 
 
 phide of carbon. (Gladstone.) 
 
 CHLOROSULPHIDE OF SILICON. Decomposed 
 SiCl 2 S by water. (I.Pierre.) 
 
 Zfc'CHLORoSuLPHoBENZiD. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 C^HgCl.jSjC^ ter, or dilute acids, or in dilute 
 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 
 and carbonated alkalies. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Gericke, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 10O. 214.) 
 
 CnLORoSuLPHoBENzoLic ACID. Vid. Chlo- 
 roPhenyl Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 CnLORoSuLPHoBENzoic ACID. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of SulphoBenzoyl. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALTC ACID. Easily 
 
 (Sulphite of mono- soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 CUoroNaphtoyl.) (Zinin.) The salts of chloro- 
 CM H T Cl S 2 6 su lphonaphthalic acid are chiefly 
 soluble. (Zinin.) They are less soluble in water 
 than those of sulphonaphthalic acid, but more sol- 
 uble than those of sulpho-ter-(or quadri-)chloro- 
 naphthalic acid. (Laurent, Chemical Method, p. 
 250.) 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Very soluble in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C H 8 Cl Ba S, O a Difficultly soluble in water. (Zi- 
 nin.) 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONATHTHALATE OF COPPER 
 
 (Cu,0). Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF COPPER 
 
 (CuO). Readily soluble in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF iRON(FeO). 
 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF LEAD. Al- 
 most insoluble in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. 
 Cjo H e Cl K S 2 8 Sparingly soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Zinin.) 
 
 CHLOHOSULPIIONAPHTHALATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 Slightly soluble in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 BzCHLORoSuLpHoNAPHTHAnc ACID. Very 
 C 20 Hg C1 2 S 2 easily soluble in water. 
 
 .fil'CHLOROSULPHONAPHTILALATE OF AMMO- 
 
 NIA. Exceedingly soluble in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 .Bi'CHLOROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C 20 H 5 C1 2 Ba S 2 6 Difficultly soluble in water. 
 (Zinin.) 
 
 JBiCHLORoSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 ^'CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF SILVER. 
 C 20 H 5 C1 2 Ag S 2 6 Less soluble than the potash- 
 salt in water. 
 
 TerCHLORoSuLPHoNAPHTHALic ACID. Very 
 Cjo H 8 C1 3 S 2 6 sparingly soluble in cold, some- 
 what soluble in boiling water. Sol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol, from which it crystallizes 
 on cooling. The salts of terchlorosulphonaph- 
 thalic acid are still less soluble than those of mono- 
 chlorosulphonaphthalic acid, but they are more 
 soluble than those of quadrichlorosulphonaphthalic 
 acid. (Laurent, Chemical Method, p. 251.) 
 
 Tb-CHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF AMMO- 
 
 NIA. Very soluble in water and in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 TerCHLORoSuLPHoNAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. 
 C.J,, H 4 CI 8 Ba S 2 6 Soluble in 300 400 pts. of 
 boiling water. (Laurent.) 
 
 TerCHLOROSuLFHONAPTHALATE OF CuPR(/c) 
 
 Soluble 
 
 ble in cold am- 
 monia-water. (Laurent.) 
 
 Tb-CHLOROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OP LEAD. 
 Ppt. 
 
 TerCHLOROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF LlME. 
 Ppt. 
 
 ZerCHLOROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF MAG- 
 NESIA. Ppt. 
 
 TerCHLOROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF NlCKEL. 
 Ppt. 
 
 TerCHLORoSuLPHoNAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 Almost insoluble in cold, very soluble in boiling " 
 water. Very sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 ZferCHLOROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF S.ODA. 
 Ppt. 
 
 Quaefn'CHLOROSuLPHONAPHTIIALIC ACID. 
 
 C 20 H 4 CI 4 S 2 6 The salts of quadrichlorosulpho- 
 naphthalic acid are scarcely at all 
 soluble in water, being less soluble than those 
 of any^of the other chlorosulphonaphthalic acids. 
 (Laurent, Method, loc. cit.) 
 
 Quadn'CHLOROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF BA- 
 
 RYTA. Appears to be insoluble in water, and sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 Quarfn'CHLOROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF POT 
 
 C JO H t K C1 4 Sj O 6 ASH. Almost insoluble in cold, 
 and only slightly soluble in boil- 
 
CHLOROXETHOSE. 
 
 213 
 
 ing water. Very soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 in cold alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 CnLORo(or CHLORINATED )SuLPHOSoMETHY- 
 LIC ACID. Vid. ChloroMethylSulphurous Acid. 
 
 CnLORoSuLPHO VINIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide 
 of ChloroSnlphEthyl. 
 
 CuLORoTELLUKic ACID. Vid. fo'Chloride of 
 Tellurium. 
 
 CHLOROTELLURATE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble, 
 
 without decomposition, in a small quantity of 
 water, but is decomposed by much water, and by 
 absolute alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ClILOROTELLURATE OF POTASSIUM. Dell- 
 
 quescent. Decomposed by water and by absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLOROTELLURITE OF AMMONIUM. Decom- 
 posed by water. 
 
 .Bt'CHLORoTEREBENE. 
 C 20 H u C1 2 
 
 QCfriCHLOROTEREBENE. 
 C 2 o H 12 C1 4 
 
 7erCHLORoTHYMic ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Sparingly 
 
 in alco- 
 ** 
 
 (Hydrate ofterChloroThy- 
 myl. Tliymoltrichlori.) 
 
 C 20 Hll Ci 8 2 C 20 H 10 C..O, H 
 soluble in ether. (Lallemand.) 
 
 Qui'n^Mz'CHLORoTHYMic ACID. Insoluble in 
 (ThymolquinticMori.) water. Soluble in 
 
 C 20 H CI 6 2 = C 20 H 8 Clj 0, H alcohol, and ether. 
 (Lallemand.) 
 
 QumgwCHLOROTHYMATE OF AMMONIA. Tol- 
 
 erably easily soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 QufVujw'CHLOROTHYMATE OF POTASH. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 TerCHLORoToLUENic ACID. Insoluble in wa- 
 (TerCMoroBeminol. ter. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ToluenoitriMorA.) ether Soluble in aqueous so- 
 
 *~'1i "K \J\o Uo 1 * f, * i 
 
 lutions of potash, and ammo- 
 nia, with combination. 
 
 JerCHLORoToLUENATE OF AMMONIA. Tol- 
 erably soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. 
 
 TfcrCHLOROTOLUENATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 what, though sparingly, soluble in water. 
 
 Ter CHLORO TOLUENATE OF COPPER. 
 
 " of protoxide 
 
 [OF IRON. 
 
 " of sesquioxide 
 
 [OF IRON. 
 
 " OF LEAD. 
 
 TerCiiLORoToLUENATE OF LIME. Some- 
 what, though sparingly, soluble in water. 
 TerCHLORoToLUENATE of protoxide 1 
 
 [OF MERCURY. ! p t 
 " of binoxide f rpts ' 
 [OF PLATINUM. J 
 
 TfcrCHLOROTOLUENATE OF POTASH. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 TVCHLOROTOLUENATE OF SlLVER. ) PptS. 
 
 " OF ZINC. f (Lal- 
 
 lemand, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 49. 161.) 
 
 CnLORoToLUENE. Indentical with Chloride 
 of Toluenyl, q. v. (Cannizzaro.) 
 
 Sezt'CiiLORoToLUENE. Vid. Hydride of Chlo- 
 roToluenyl. 
 
 TerCHLORoToLUENOL. Vid. (erChloroTolue- 
 nic Acid. 
 
 Ppts. 
 
 Vid. Hydrate of 
 <?ac?n'ChloroToluenyl. 
 
 CnLORoToLUOL. Vid. Chloride of Toluenyl ; 
 and Hydride of ChloroToluenyl. 
 
 Z&CHLOROTURPENTINE OlL. 
 
 ^20 HU C1 3 
 
 QwadriCHLORoTuRPENTiNE OIL. 
 CM H M C1 4 
 
 JerCHLOHO VALERIC ACID. Somewhat sol- 
 (ChioroValerisic Acid.) uble in water; combining 
 C 10 Hj C1 3 4 therewith to form a heavy 
 
 liquor. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble in cold aqueous solutions of 
 the alkalies. (Dumas & Stas.) 
 
 QuarfriCnLORO VALERIC ACID. Tolerably sol- 
 (ChloroValerosic Acid.) uble in water. Soluble in 
 C 10 H 6 C1 4 4 + 2 Aq alcohol, and ether. Its alka- 
 line salts are readily soluble 
 in water, the others are sparingly soluble, or in- 
 soluble, therein. 
 
 Qwarfri'CHLORoVALERATE OF SILVER. Spar- 
 C ]0 H 5 Ag C1 4 4 ingly soluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in nitric acid. (Dumas & 
 Stas.) 
 
 CHLOROVALERIANIC ACID. Vid. Chloro Va- 
 leric Acid. 
 
 CHLORO VALEHISIC ACID. Vid. ierChloro Va- 
 leric Acid. 
 
 CHLORO VALEROSIC ACID. Vid. quadriCW.oro- 
 Valeric Acid. 
 
 Bz'CHLORoViNic ACETATE. Vid. Acetate of 
 fctChlorEthyl. 
 
 TerCHLORoViNic ACETATE. Vid. Acetate of 
 ferChlorEthyl ; and ierChlorAcetate of Ethyl. 
 
 (Sfen'CHLORoViNic ACETATE. Vid. ChlorAce- 
 tate of perChlorEthyl. 
 
 /Sepiz'CHLORoViNic ACETATE. Vid. fo'Chlor- 
 Acetate of perChlorEthyl. 
 
 PerCiiLORoViNic ACETATE. Vid. <erChlor- 
 Acetate of per Chlor Ethyl. 
 
 CHLORO VINIC FORMIATE. Vid. ChloroCar- 
 bonate of Ethyl. 
 
 BJ'CHLORO VINIC FORMIATE. Vid. Formiate 
 of fo'ChlorEthyl. 
 
 PerCHLORO VINIC FORMIATE. Vid. terChlor- 
 Acetate of terChloroMethyl. 
 
 PerCHLORO VINIC OXALATE. Vid. Oxalate of 
 perChlorEthyl. 
 
 fizCHLOROxALiC ACID. Vid. quadriChloro- 
 Succinic Acid. 
 
 CHLORO-XALIC ETHER. Vid. Oxalate of per- 
 ChlorEthyl. 
 
 PerCHLOROxALoMETHYLic ETHER. Vid. per- 
 ChlorOxalate of pecChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLOROXALO VINIC ACID. Vid. quinquiChlor- 
 EthylOxalic Acid. 
 
 CHLOROXAMETHAN. Vid. Oxamate of per- 
 ChlorEthyl. 
 
 CHLOROXETHAMID. Vid. Oxamate of per- 
 ChlorEthyl. 
 
 CHLOROXETHIDE. Vid. perChlorEthylOxalic 
 Acid(Anhydrous). 
 
 CHLOROXETHOSE. Decomposes when exposed 
 (Oxide ofterChiorAcetoyl.) to the air. Insoluble in, 
 C. C1 6 2 = p 4 p! 3 (0 2 and unacted upon by, 
 C * C ' 8 * water. Soluble in alco- 
 
 hol, and ether. Unacted upon by alkalies, or by 
 
214 
 
 CHOLATES. 
 
 common nitric acid ; decomposed by hot fuming 
 nitric acid. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 
 20.) 
 
 CHLOROXETIC ACID. Vid. perChlorOxalic 
 Acid. 
 
 CHLOROXIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Soluble in 
 P(C1,0,) water, with decomposition. (Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 478.) Sol- 
 uble in bisulphide of carbon. (Pebal.) 
 
 CHLOROXYCARBONIC ACID. Vid. ChloroCar- 
 bonic Acid. 
 
 ZZacaCHLOROxYLON. Insoluble in water. Very 
 C 18 H 4 C1 4 4 sparingly soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Soluble in about 171 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol of 0.82 sp. gr. Very soluble in ether. 
 Soluble in boiling acetic acid ; also in warm nitric 
 acid. 
 
 PentaCnLOROxYLON. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 C 16 H s C1 3 4 uble in boiling spirit. Very .soluble 
 in ether. 
 
 CHLOROXTNAPHTHALIC ACID. Insoluble in 
 (CUoroNaphtisic Acid, water. Difficultly soluble in 
 CMoroNaplaalic Acid.) boiling alcohol, and ether. 
 C 20 H B U0 6 Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 
 phuric acid, from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. (Laurent.) Almost insoluble 
 in water, even when this is acidulated. More sol- 
 uble, though still somewhat sparingly soluble, in 
 alcohol, and ether. Soluble, without decompo- 
 sition, in concentrated sulphuric acid. Soluble, 
 with combination, in solutions of the alkalies. 
 (Strecker, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 250.) Its salts are gen- 
 erally sparingly soluble, or insoluble, in water. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 CHLOROxyNAPHTHALATE OF ALUMINA. 
 CHLOROXYNAPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 C 20 H 4 (N H 4 ) Cl 6 uble in [less than 30 pts. of] 
 
 water. (Laurent, Strecker.) 
 CHLOROXYNAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 C 20 H 4 BaC10 8 
 
 CHLOROXYNAPHTHALATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 " OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 " OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 " OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 " OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 " OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 " OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 CHLOROXYNAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. Sol- 
 C 20 H 4 K Cl O e + Aq uble in water, and alcohol. 
 CHLOROXYNAPHTHALATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 " OF STRONTIA. Ppt. 
 
 PerCnLOROxYNAPHTHALic ACID. Soluble 
 (PerChloToNaphtkallc Acid, in alcohol, and ether. 
 ChlorOieNaphtalesic Acid.) 
 C 20 H CI 5 
 
 PerCHLOROxYNAPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Insoluble in water ; or rather, extremely sparingly 
 soluble in boiling water. Sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 PerCHLOROxYNAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. In- 
 
 soluble in water, or rather, extremely sparingly 
 soluble in boiling water. Sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHLORQUINONE. Vid. ChloroKinone. 
 
 CHLORRUBIN. Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 C 12 H 4 3 , 2 H the caustic alkalies. (Schwarz.) 
 
 "CiiLORYL"(of Laurent). Vid. Acetate of 
 terChloroMethyl. 
 
 CHLOSTILBASE. Vid. ChloroStilbenc. 
 
 CHOLACROL. Sparingly soluble in water. Read- 
 C 16 H 10 (N0 4 ) 4 10 ily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Unacted upon by acids or alka- 
 lies. 
 
 CHOLALIC ACID. Efflorescent. Soluble in 
 
 (Cholic Acid(of Demarljay).) 4000 pts. of cold, and 
 
 ^48 H 4o io = C 48 H so 9 , HO in 750 pts. of boiling 
 
 water. 1000 pts. of 
 
 alcohol, of 70%, dissolve 48 pts. of the dry acid ; 
 it is very soluble in boiling alcohol. Soluble in 
 27 pts. of ether. Soluble in sulphuric acid. De- 
 composed by boiling chlorhydric, and nitric acids. 
 
 The cholalates are all soluble in alcohol, but 
 only the alkaline salts, the baryta salt, and to a 
 certain extent the lime salt, are soluble in water. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol ; less soluble in ether than in alcohol. 
 Loses ammonia when its solutions are evaporated. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 30 pts. 
 C 48 H 39 Ba0 10 of cold, and in 23 pts. of boiling 
 water. More easily soluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Soluble in alcohol and in acetic acid. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF LIME. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 48 H 39 Ca 10 ble in cold, more soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. Soluble in alcohol, and, less 
 easily, in ether. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 CHOLALATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Some- 
 what soluble in boiling water. 
 
 CHOLALATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Some- 
 what soluble in boiling water. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF POTASH. Easily soluble in 
 C^HjgKOjo water, and alcohol; less soluble in 
 ether. Insoluble in a solution of 
 caustic potash. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble, 
 with gradual decomposition, in boiling water, less 
 soluble in cold water. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLALATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol ; less soluble in ether. 
 
 CHOLANIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in water ; 
 more easily soluble in alcohol. Sparingly soluble 
 in ether. (Berzelius.) 
 
 "CHOLIC ACID "(of 
 lalic Acid. 
 
 Vid. Cho- 
 
 Soluble in 300 pts. of cold, 
 and in 120 
 pts. of hot 
 
 CHOLIC ACID. 
 
 (Glycocholic Acid.) 
 
 C 62 H 43 N 12 = N j C 2 8 0/ * . 0, H 
 
 soluble in 
 
 ether. Very abundantly soluble in alcohol, cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, chlorhydric and acetic 
 acids, and in aqueous solutions of the alkalies and 
 alkaline earths. When boiled for a long time with 
 water if is converted into an insoluble modifica- 
 tion (paracholic acid), but this dissolves in alcohol 
 and is thus re-converted into cholic acid. 1000 pts. 
 of cold water dissolve 3.3 pts., and 1000 pts. of 
 boiling water 8.3 pts. of it. Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol. Very sparingly soluble in ether. Soluble 
 in acetic acid. Easily soluble in cold chlorhydric 
 acid, and in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 The cholates of the alkalies and alkaline earths 
 are readily soluble in water, those of the heavy, 
 metals, excepting silver, are insoluble in water. 
 All the cholates are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble in 
 
CHONDRIN. 
 
 215 
 
 C B2 H 42 (NH 4 )N 0,2 water; on boiling the aqueous 
 solution ammonia is evolved. 
 Soluble in alcohol, from which it gradually sep- 
 arates after ether has been added. 
 
 CHOLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water ; less 
 C sz H 42 Ba N 12 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 CHOLATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Slightly soluble in water. Ra.ther 
 C 52 H 42 Pb N 12 easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Somewhat soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of acetate of lead, and in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 CHOLATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 CHOLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHOLATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble in 
 boiling water and in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLATE OF SODA. Very readily soluble in 
 (JSih'n(ofBerzelius).) water, and spirit ; less soluble 
 C 62 H 42 NaN0 12 in absolute alcohol. 1000 pts. 
 of alcohol dissolve 39 pts. of it 
 at 15. (Gerhardt's Jr.) Soluble in 2.56 pts. of 
 spirit at 15. It separates from the alcoholic solu- 
 tion on the addition of ether. (Lehmann's Phys- 
 iolog. Chem., London, 1851, 1. 224.) 
 
 CHOLATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 CHOLEIC ACID. Vid. TauroCholic Acid. 
 
 CHOLEPHTRRIN. Sparingly soluble in water, 
 (Reddish-yellow coloring matter of bile.) and alcohol ; 
 
 more easily 
 goluble !n alkaline solutions. (Berzelius.) 
 
 " CHOLESTERIC ACID "(of Pelletier & Caven- 
 tou). Is denied by Redtenbacher. 
 
 CHOLESTERIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Easily 
 
 C 16 H 10 10 = C 16 H 8 8 , 2 H solubte in water, alco- 
 
 hol, and acids. (Red- 
 
 tenbacher.) Its alkaline and earthy salts are sol- 
 uble in water ; the metallic salts are precipitates. 
 
 CHOLESTERATE OF LIME. Readily soluble in 
 
 C 16 H 8 Caj 0, cold water, from which solution it 
 
 is precipitated on boiling. It is also 
 
 precipitated on the addition of alcohol. (Gunde- 
 
 lach & Strecker.) 
 
 CHOLESTERATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boil- 
 C 16 H 8 Ag 2 10 ing, less soluble in a cold aqueous 
 solution of nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Gundelach & Strecker.) 
 
 CHOLESTERILIN. [There are 3 modifications.] 
 
 if, (a.) Insoluble in water. Scarcely at all 
 soluble in alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in 
 ether. Readily Soluble in warm oil of turpentine. 
 Modif. (p.) Insoluble in water or alcohol. Tol- 
 erably soluble in warm ether, from which it is 
 precipitated by alcohol. 
 
 Modif. (y.) Insoluble in water. Slightly soluble 
 in alcohol. Readily soluble in ether, from which 
 solution alcohol precipitates it. (Zwenger.) 
 
 CHOLESTERIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 C 52 H 44 2 + 2 Aq soluble in cold ordinary alcohol ; 
 soluble in 9 pts. of boiling alco- 
 hol of 0. 84 sp. gr. ; it is, however, much more 
 soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. 100 pts. of 
 boiling alcohol, of 0.816 sp. gr., dissolve 18 pts., 
 
 and ICO pts. of 0.840, 11.24 of it, the greater part 
 is deposited again from the alcoholic solution as it 
 cools. (Chevreul, in [T.].) Soluble in 3.7 pts. 
 of ether at 15, and in .2.2 pts. of boiling ether. 
 Readily soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 wood-spirit. Sparingly soluble in oil of turpen- 
 tine. 
 
 Soluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) Readily 
 soluble in lignone. 
 
 Slightly soluble in soap-water, and more freely 
 in the fatty oils, and taurocholic acid. (Leh- 
 mann.) Unacted on by boiling caustic potash. 
 
 CHOLESTERONE. [There are 2 modifications.! 
 C 62 H" 
 
 Modif. (a.) Insoluble in water. Very soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, and the volatile and fatty oils. 
 Modif. (p.) Scarcely at all soluble in alcohol. 
 Sparingly soluble in ether. (Zwenger.) 
 
 CHOLESTROPHAN. Vid. Parabanate of Me- 
 thyl. 
 
 CHOLOIDANIC ACID. Almost insoluble in 
 C 32 H 24 14 cold, sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. Soluble, 
 without alteration, in warm chlorhydric and nitric 
 acids. Its alkaline and earthy salts are difficultly 
 soluble in water, the salts of the metals proper 
 are insoluble in water or nearly so. (Redten- 
 bacher.) 
 
 CHOLOIDIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 C 48 H 38 8 + Aq ily soluble in alcohol. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether. 
 
 Its alkaline salts are soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol, but are insoluble in ether ; those of the other 
 metals are soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHOLOIDATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHOLOIDATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 C 48 H 37 Ba 8 + 2 Aq Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLOIDATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CHOLOIDATE OF LEAD. Soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CHOLOIDATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHOLOIDATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C H 37 Ag 8 
 
 CHOLOIDATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHOLONIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 C 52 H 4l N 10 ble in alcohol. Scarcely at all solu- 
 ble in ether. 
 
 CHOLONATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, and in many other saline solutions. 
 
 CHOLONATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHOLONATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, and in many other saline solutions. 
 Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHOLONATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, and 
 C 62 H 40 Na N 6 10 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CHONDRIN. Swells up in cold water, without 
 C 48 H 40 N 6 20 ? dissolving. Entirely soluble in 
 boiling water, but is decomposed 
 by long-continued ebullition. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol or ether. Soluble in aqueous solutions of ace- 
 tate of potash, acetate of soda, and chloride of 
 sodium. Easily soluble in solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 
216 
 
 CHROMATES. 
 
 when boiled. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 add. Its alkaline solution is precipitated by most 
 acids, the precipitate thus formed being soluble in 
 chlorhydric, sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric, phos- 
 phorous, chloric, and iodic acids ; and insoluble in 
 sulphurous, pyrophosphoric, fluorhydric, carbonic, 
 arsenic, acetic, tartaric, oxalic, citric, lactic, suc- 
 cinic, &c., acids. 
 
 CHROMIC ACID. Deliquescent. Very soluble 
 O0 8 in water. Soluble in cold alcohol, the solu- 
 tion undergoing decomposition when ex- 
 posed to the light or heated. Soluble in ether. 
 (Unverdorben.) When exposed to the rays of 
 direct sunlight, the aqueous solution of chromic 
 acid gradually undergoes decomposition to a slight 
 extent, chromate of chromium being deposited 
 and oxygen evolved. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 324.) 
 Sparingly soluble in a cold aqueous solution of 
 bisulphate of potash. (Fritzsche.) Abundantly 
 soluble in sulphuric acid of 1.85 sp. gr., but if this 
 solution be diluted with water until the sp. gr. is 
 reduced to 1.55, much of the chromic acid will 
 separate out ; if more water be added the chromic 
 acid again dissolves. (Schrcetter.) Less soluble 
 in bihydrated sulphuric acid than in that of any 
 other strength. (Bolley.) Only a few of its salts 
 are soluble in water ; they are all soluble, however, 
 in nitric acid. 
 
 CHROMATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 
 Ai 2 o s , Cr 3 + 7 Aq (?) in an aqueous solution of 
 
 alum. Insoluble in an 
 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. Solu- 
 ble in acetic acid and in ammonia-water. (Fairrie, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 4. 301.) Insoluble as such in water; 
 but is readily decomposed by water, chromic acid 
 being abstracted, and indefinite basic compounds 
 formed. Soluble in alkaline solutions and in 
 acids. Decomposed, with removal of chromic 
 acid, by aqueous solutions of many salts. (Storer 
 & Eliot, Proc.Amer. Acad., I860, 5. 214.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Very soluble in water. 
 N H 4 0, Cr 3 Readily soluble, without decomposi- 
 tion, in water. Alcohol precipitates 
 it from the aqueous solution. (Malaguti & Sar- 
 zeau, Ann.Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 457.) 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. Less soluble in water than 
 N H 4 0, 2 Cr 3 carbonate of ammonia. 
 
 III.)5NH 4 0, 4Cr0 3 Permanent. (Pohl.) 
 
 IV.) NH 4 0, 6Cr0 3 + 10Aq Very efflorescent. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 N H 4 O, Cr O s ; Cu 0. Cr 3 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. (Malaguti & Sar- 
 zeau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 435.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 N H 4 0, Cr 3 ; Mg 0, Cr 3 + 6 Aq Soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb.. 
 3. 459.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. Loses 
 N II 4 0, Cr 3 ; K 0, Cr O s ammonia in the air. 
 
 CHROMATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. 
 I.) basic. Soluble in water. (Malaguti & Sar- 
 zeau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 444.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF AMMONIA, OF ZINC, & OF ZINC- 
 N H 4 0, Cr O s5 Zn 0, Cr O 3 ; N j ^ 0, Cr 3 + 8 Aq -AM- 
 MO- 
 NIUM. Soluble in ammonia-water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. Decomposed by water. 
 
 .BICHROMATE OF AMYLSTRYCHNINE. Soluble 
 C M H 2i (io H ii) N 2 4> 2 H 0, 2 Cr 3 in boiling water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF ANTIMONY (Sb Os). Ppt. Sol- 
 uble in a chlorhydric acid solution of terchloride 
 of antimony. (Thomson.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF ARGENT&I'AMIN. Soluble in 
 
 (Ammonia Chromate nf Zinc.) warm, less soluble in 
 
 N 2 1 H . Ag 0, Cr O a cold ammonia-water. 
 
 Decomposed by an 
 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash, with formation 
 of fulminating silver. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Ba 0, Cr 8 Lehrb. ) Very slightly soluble in 
 water, and even insoluble when other 
 salts are present in solution. (Dumas, Tr.) Ea- 
 sily soluble in acids, even when these are dilute. 
 (T. Thomson, Phil. Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 196.) 
 It is not precipitated from solutions containing 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Readily soluble in 
 nitric, chlorhydric, and chromic acids. Insoluble 
 in solutions of the alkalies and in acetic acid. 
 
 Somewhat more easily decomposed by solutions 
 of the alkaline carbonates than sulphate of baryta. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by water, with precipita- 
 BaO,2 Cr 3 + 2 Aq tion of the normal salt. Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution 
 of chromic acid. (Bahr.) 
 
 Z&CHROMATE OF BERBERIN. Sparingly solu- 
 C 42 H 18 N 10 , 2 Cr O s ble in water. Readily solu- 
 ble in dilute chlorhydric and 
 sulphuric acids. 
 
 CHROMATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water, 
 Bi 3 , 3 Cr 3 even if some free chromic acid be 
 present. Easily soluble in chlor- 
 hydric and nitric acids. (Lcewe, cited by Frese- 
 nius, Quant., p. 150.) Very slightly soluble ifl 
 water. (Moser.) 
 
 100 pts. of dissolve pts. of it. 
 
 Water 0.00008 
 
 Acetic Aci* 0.00021 
 
 Nitric Acid of 1.03 sp. gr. . 0.00024 
 Potash solution of 1 .33 sp. gr. 0.0001 6 
 
 (Pearson, Phil. Mag., (4.) 11. 206.) 
 Fresenius (Quant. Anal., 1858, p. 255) remarks, 
 that Pearson's statement that chromate of bis- 
 muth is nearly insoluble in dilute nitric acid is 
 erroneous, since this is true only when chromate 
 of potash is present in sufficient quantity. 
 
 Far less soluble in a hot solution of caustic soda 
 than chromate of lead. (Storer.) Is not precipi- 
 tated from solutions containing citrate of soda. 
 (Spiller.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Ba O, Cr Os is boiled 
 with an equivalent of K O, C Oa in aqueous solu- 
 tion .2072 of it may be decomposed, and when 
 boiled with an equivalent of Na O, C 2 .24 of it 
 may be decomposed. While, on the other hand, 
 when an equivalent of Ba O, C O a is boiled with 
 one of.K O, Cr O 3 .79 of it may be decomposed, 
 and with an equivalent of Na O, Cr O 3 .76 of it 
 may be. decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. etPhys., 
 (3.) 51. pp. 336, 348.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Not absolutely insoluble in water. 
 
 Cd 0, Cr 3 + 5 Aq (Thomson in his System of 
 
 Chem., London, 1831,' 2. 624.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Cannot be crys- 
 tallized. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 III.) 2 CdO, 3 Cr 0, Soluble in water. (Mala- 
 
CHROMATES. 
 
 217 
 
 guti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 
 447, 460.) 
 
 IV.) 5 Cd 0, 2 Cr 3 + 8 Aq Exceedingly spar- 
 ingly soluble in 
 
 water. Very slowly soluble, with combination, 
 in ammonia-water. " (Malaguti & Sarzeau, Ibid., 
 p. 447.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF CADMIUM^'AMIX. Decomposed 
 
 (Ammonia Chromate of Cadmium.) by water. Insolu- 
 
 N s $H B .CdO,Cr0 3 -f-3Aq; ble in alcohol or 
 
 ether. Soluble in 
 
 ammonia-water. (Malaguti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 9. 449.) 
 
 CHROMATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 CeO, Cr0 3 Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) bi. Easily soluble in water. (Rid.) 
 
 " CHROMATE OF CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM." 
 'N H 4 Cl, 2 Cr O, Much more soluble in water than 
 the corresponding potash com- 
 pound. 
 
 " CHROMATE OF CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM." 
 Ca Cl, 2 Cr 3 Deliquescent. 
 
 CHROMATE OF terCHLORiDE OF CHROMIUM. 
 Vid. ChloroChromic Acid. 
 
 CHROMATE OF CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 MgCl,2Cr0 3 Deliquescent. (Pelonze.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF CHLORIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 K Cl, 2 Cr 3 Permanent. Decomposed by pure 
 water. Soluble, without decomposi- 
 tion, in water acidulated with chlorhydric acid. 
 (Pelouze.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF CHLORIDE OF SODIUM. De- 
 Na Cl, 2 Cr O a liquescent. In other respects, it 
 behaves like the potassium-salt. 
 (Pelouze.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF CHROMIUM. 
 (Binoxide of Chromium. Brown Oxide of Chromium.') 
 I.) Cr 2 O s , CrO s Insoluble as such in water, but is 
 gradually decomposed by water, 
 which abstracts chromic acid. Also decomposed 
 by alkaline, and by many saline solutions. Solu- 
 ble in dilute nitric acid, and in the acids generally ; 
 readily if the precipitate is recent, but with diffi- 
 culty after it has been dried at a somewhat ele- 
 vated temperature. (T. Thomson, Phil. Trans., 
 1827, Part I. p. 186; Maus, Pogg. Ann., 9. 127; 
 Storer & Eliot, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1860, 5. 192.) 
 
 II.) i Several basic compounds, which had been 
 described as definite salts, have been shown by 
 Storer & Eliot (loc. cit.) to be mere mixtures. In 
 solubility they resemble the normal salt, excepting 
 the fact that water removes the chromic acid from 
 them more slowly in proportion as they are more 
 basic. The so-called " neutral " and " acid " 
 salts have not been obtained. 
 
 III.) acid. Not isolated. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF CHROMIUM & OF MANGANESE. 
 8 MD, 3 , Cr, 3 3 Cr O 3 + 6 Aq Soluble, with de- 
 [8amea8the2MnO, Cr 3 + 2 Aq oomno<i tion ; n 
 of Warington & Reinsch. (Fairrie, I0n ' .V 1 
 
 J. Ch. Soc., 4, 300.)] chlorhydric acid, 
 
 also in dilute sul- 
 phuric and nitric acids. (Warington.) Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Reinsch.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF CINCHONIN. Decomposed by 
 boiling water, and alcohol. (Elderhorst.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. [T.1 
 Co 0, Cr 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. Cannot be crystal- 
 lized. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 28 
 
 III.) basic. Ppt. Decomposes, with oxidation, 
 
 3CoO, Cr0 3 +4Aq when washed with water. 
 
 Decomposed, with partial 
 
 solution, by ammonia- water. (Malaputi & Sar- 
 
 zeau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 97. (3.) 9. 453.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF CODEIN. 
 
 CHROMATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. Somewhat soluble in water. 
 CuO, Cr0 3+ 2Aq (Thomson.) 
 
 The "normal Chromate of Copper" of Kopp proved to 
 be a basic sulphate of copper. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Persoz, Ann. 
 4 Cu 0, Cr 3 + 5 Aq(Malaguti & Sarzeau). Ch.et Phys., 
 3 Cu 0, Cr O s + 2 Aq(Persoz). (3.) 25. 
 
 281.) In- 
 
 soluble in water. Soluble, with combination, in 
 ammonia-water. (Malaguti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 9. 434.) Easily soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water, and in dHute nitric acid. Decomposed 
 by solutions of the alkalies. 
 
 .BICHROMATE OF COPPER. Deliquescent. 
 Cu 0, 2 Cr O s + 2 Aq Easily soluble in water. The 
 aqueous solution is partially 
 decomposed by boiling. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 in ammonia-water. (Drcege, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 101. 40.) The aqueous solution is decomposed 
 by evaporation. (Malaguti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 9.456.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF COPPER & OF LEAD. Soluble 
 2 Pb 0, Cu 0, 2 Cr 3 in nitric acid. 
 
 CHROMATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) 3 CuO, 2Cr0 3 ; KO, Cr O 8 + 3Aq Almost en- 
 
 tirely insol- 
 
 uble in water. Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 caustic and carbonated ammonia. (A. Knop.) 
 
 II.) K 0,4 CuO, 4Cr0 8 + Aq Decomposed by 
 boiling water. 
 ( Gerhard t.) 
 
 .BICHROMATE OF ETHTLSTRTCHNINE. Read- 
 C 42 H 21 (C, H 8 )N a 4 ,2HO,2Cr03 + 2Aq ily solu- 
 
 ble in 
 boiling, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius's 
 G1 2 3 , Cr 3 Lehrb., 3.496.) 
 
 II.) with excess of acid. Soluble in water. 
 (John.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF GLUCINA with SULPHATE OF 
 GLUCINA. (John.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF GLYCOCOLL & OF POTASH. 
 Soluble in water; less soluble in alcohol. (Hors- 
 ford.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 I.) mono. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 II) bi. 
 
 CHROMATE OF HARMIN. 
 I.) mono. 
 
 II.) bi. 
 C M H 12 N 2 2 , HO,2Cr0 3 
 
 CHROMATE of sesquioxide of IRON. Insoluble 
 Fe 2 3 , Cr 8 as such in water, but is decomposed, 
 with abstraction of chromic acid, by 
 water, indefinite basic compounds being formed. 
 Also decomposed by saline solutions. Easily sol- 
 uble in acids. (Storer & Eliot, Proc. Amer. Acad., 
 1860, 5. 216; compare T. Thomson, Phil. 
 Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 218.) Soluble in chromic 
 acid. When the chromic acid solution is evapo- 
 rated to dryness the residue obtained is soluble in 
 water. (Maus.) 
 
218 
 
 CHROMATES. 
 
 CHROMATE OK LEAD. Permanent. Insoluble 
 Pb 0, Cr O s in water or in acetic acid. Scarcely at 
 all soluble in dilute nitric acid. Easily 
 soluble in potash lye. Easily decomposed by hot 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 158.) Readily and completely soluble in a 
 solution of caustic potash. (Berzelius, Lehrb. ; 
 Pearson.) Soluble in a solution of caustic pot- 
 ash. (Vauquelin.) Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) Soluble in a solution of bi- 
 chromate of potash. As good as insoluble in a 
 dilute solution of acetate and nitrate of ammo- 
 nia, slightly acidulated with acetic acid. 
 
 Soluble to a bright yellow solution even in 
 dilute sulphuric acid. (Storer.) Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in hot sulphuric and chlorhydric 
 acids. 
 
 Only slightly soluble in acids. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 It is precipitated from nitrate of lead in presence 
 of 70,000 pts. of water. (Harting.) It ia not 
 precipitated from solutions which contain citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 [The statements of several of the text-books of 
 analysis (e. g. H. Rose's Traite', I. 132), to the 
 effect that chromate of lead is "insoluble" in di- 
 lute nitric acid, being manifestly erroneous, I 
 suggested, in 1859, to Dr. F. H. Brown, at that 
 time assistant in Harvard College Laboratory, the 
 propriety of a few experiments upon this point. 
 In carrying out these tests Dr. Biown mixed to- 
 gether solutions of weighed (equivalent) portions 
 of bichromate of potash and acetate of lead, and 
 then added nitric acid of known strength by small 
 portions to the precipitate formed until this was 
 completely dissolved ; the mixture being mean- 
 while constantly agitated. The experiments were 
 all made at the ordinary temperature of the air. 
 The amount of acid used was determined by 
 measuring off an excess of it before the experi- 
 ment, and subtracting therefrom the amount which 
 remained after the precipitate had been dissolved. 
 
 1.512 grms. of K 0, 2 Cr 3 in 50 c.c. of water 
 being mixed with 3.8 grms. of C< H 3 Pb 4 in 50 
 c.c. of water, 1650 c.c. of nitric acid of 1.120 sp. 
 gr. were required to dissolve the resulting 3.28 
 grms. of Pb 0, Cr 3 . Hence, in round numbers, 
 1 pt. of Pb O, Cr O 3 dissolves in about 560 pts. 
 of nitric acid of 1.12 sp. gr. 
 
 1.512 grms. of K 0, 2 Cr 8 in 30 c. c. of water 
 being mixed with 3.8 grms. of C4 H 3 Pb Oi in 
 30 c.c. of water, 400 c.c. of nitric acid of 1.225 
 sp. gr. were required to dissolve the 3.28 grms. of 
 Pb O, Cr O 3 . Hence, in round numbers, 1 pt. of 
 Pb 0, Cr Os dissolves in about 150 pts. of nitric 
 acid of 1.225 sp. gr. 
 
 1.512 pts. of K 0, 2 Cr Os in 50 c. c. of water 
 being mixed with 3.8 grms. of C4 H 3 Pb O 4 , also 
 in 50 c. c. of water, 330 c. c. of nitric acid of 1.265 
 sp. gr. were required to dissolve the resulting 3.28 
 grms. of Pb O, Cr O 8 . Hence, in round numbers, 
 
 1 pt. of Pb O, Cr O g dissolves in 130 pts. of nitric 
 acid of 1.265 sp. gr. 
 
 1.512 grms. of K 0, 2 Cr Os in 50 c.c. of water 
 being mixed with 3.8 grms. of C H s Pb O 4 in 50 
 c.c. of water, 190 c.c. of nitric acid of 1.395 sp. gr. 
 were required to dissolve the resulting 3.28 grms. 
 of Pb O, Cr O g . Hence, in round numbers, 1 pt. 
 of Pb O, Cr O 3 dissolves in about 80 pts. of nitric 
 acid of 1.395 sp. gr. F. H. S.] 
 
 II.) Z)Z'CHROMATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 2 Pb 0, Cr O a ter. When digested in nitric acid, 
 
 one equivalent of oxide of lead is 
 removed, monochromate of lead being formed. 
 
 (T.Thomson, Phil. Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 221.) 
 Less soluble in water than the monochromate. 
 Soluble in potash-lye. 
 
 III.) sesqui. 
 3PbO,2CrO s 
 
 ZftCuROMATE OF LEPIDIN. Soluble in warm 
 C 20 H 9 N, 2 (Cr 3) H 0) water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) mono. Easily soluble in water. Insoluble 
 Ca 0, Cr 3 + 2 Aq in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 III.) bi. Deliquescent. Soluble in chromic 
 Ca 0, 2 Cr 3 + 3 Aq acid. (Bahr.) Very easily 
 soluble in water. (Jacquelain, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 21. 481.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF LIME & OF POTASH. 
 I.) KO, Cr0 3 ; Ca 0, Cr0 3 + 2Aq Easily solu- 
 ble in water 
 (Schweizer) ; even after ignition. (Duncan.) 
 
 II. ) 3 (K 0, Cr 3 ) -, 7 (Ca 0, Cr 3 ) + 5 Aq After 
 
 igni- 
 tion, this compound is insoluble in water, but is 
 soluble before having been ignited. (Duncan.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF LITHIA. Readily soluble in 
 Li 0, Cr O s water. (C. G. Gmelin.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF LuTEoCoBAi/r. Soluble in 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , 3 Cr O s + 6 Aq hot water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF MAGNESIA. Readily soluble in 
 Mg 0, Cr Og + 7 Aq water. ( Vauquelin. ) 
 
 CHROMATE OF MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. Per- 
 Mg 0, Cr 3 ; K 0, Cr 3 + 2 Aq manent. Tolerably 
 easily soluble in wa- 
 ter. (T.Thomson, Phil. Trans., 1827, p. 224.) 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 26.7 pts. of it. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Anthon, Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 
 459.) 
 
 " DJ'CHROMATE OF MANGANESE." Vid. Chro- 
 mate of Chromium and of Manganese. 
 
 AfonoCHROMATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 CHROMATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. Soluble in hot 
 Hgj 0, Cr 8 dilute nitric acid, from which it sepa- 
 rates out again as the solution cools. 
 (Darby, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 24.) Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in nitric acid, which converts it into chro- 
 mate of protoxide of mercury. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 891.) 
 
 II.) basic. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 4 Hg 2 0, 3 Cr 3 more freely soluble, with partial 
 decomposition, in boiling water. 
 (H. Rose.) Slightly soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of chloride of ammonium and nitrate of ammo- 
 nia. (Brett.) Slightly soluble in nitric acid. 
 (Hayes.) Decomposed by chlorhydric acid. 
 
 CHROMATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 Hg 0, Cr O s nitrate of protoxide of mercury, and, 
 more easily, in a solution of proto- 
 chlorido of mercury. (Gmelin.) Partially sol- 
 uble in water. Soluble in acids. (Vauquelin.) 
 Soluble in warm aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium and nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) 
 
 II.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. (Millon, 
 3HgO, CrO s Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 364.) 
 
 III.) tetra. Sparingly soluble in water. (Mil- 
 4HgO, Cr0 8 Ion, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 364.) 
 
CHROMATES. 
 
 219 
 
 CHROMATE of binoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 Mo 2 , 2 Cr O 3 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. (Thomson.) Deliquescent. 
 
 Ni 0, Or 3 + 4 Aq Soluble, without decomposition, 
 
 in cold alcohol. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 II.) tetra. Insoluble [or very sparingly solu- 
 4NiO, CrO,+ 6Aq ble] in water. Decomposed 
 and partially dissolved by am- 
 monia-water. (Malaguti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 9. 450.) 
 
 III.) bi. Soluble in water. (Malaguti & Sar- 
 Ni 0, 2 Cr 3 zeau, Ibid., pp. 450, 461.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF NiCKELterAMiN. Decomposed 
 
 (Ammonia- Cfir ornate of Nickel.) by water. Insoluble 
 
 N 3 | H 9 . Ni 0, Cr 3 + 4 Aq in alcohol or ether. 
 Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in water which contains ammonia. (Malaguti 
 & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 451.) 
 
 Bi CHROMATE OF NITROHARMALIN. Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold, but readily soluble in 
 boiling water or alcohol. 
 
 CHROMATE OF NITROHARMIN. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 II.) bi. 
 
 CHROMATE OF PELOSIN. 
 CggHnNOg, Cr0 3 +2Aq 
 
 CHROMATE OF PLATIN(OUS)&IAMIN. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water', and in an aqueous 
 N s J H 6 . Pt' 0, Cr 3 solution of caustic potash. 
 
 II.) bi. Sparingly soluble in cold, more read- 
 N i H PH n 2 o o 'ty soluble in hot water. 
 
 ii < Xlf- . it Ui A v-*r l_Fo f ii* i it r* i 
 
 2 ) ' ' Insoluble m alcohol. Solu- 
 
 ble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 (Buckton, J. Ch. Soc., 5. 220.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF PLATINOPYRIDIN. Ppt. 
 C 10 H 3 PtN, HO,Cr0 3 
 
 CHROMATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM. Ppt. 
 
 CHROMATE OF C^PLATOSAMIN. Vid. Chro- 
 mate of Platin(os)6zamiu. 
 
 CHROMATE OF POTASH. Permanent. More 
 K 0, Cr O 3 soluble in water than the bichromate. 
 Soluble in 2.07 pts. of water at 15.5 
 1.75 " 17.5 
 
 1.67 " 100 
 
 (Thomson.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 48.368 pts. of it. 
 Soluble in all proportions in boiling water. [T.] 
 Soluble in 1.6 pts. of water at 19.5 ; or, 100 pts. 
 of water at 19.5 dissolve 62.3 pts. of it; or, the 
 aqueous solution saturated at 19.5 contains 38.4% 
 of it, and is of 1.3787 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) Soluble in 2 
 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeits- 
 chri/l fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbe- 
 richt,fur 1854, p. 76.) The aqueous solution 
 saturated at 15 is of 1.303257 sp. gr. and contains 
 dissolved in every 100 pts. of water at least 43.857 
 pts. of the salt. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) The sp. gr. of a 
 solution saturated at 8 = 1.368. (Anthon, Ann. 
 der Pharm., 1837, 24. 210.) The saturated aque- 
 ous solution boils at 107. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 
 99. 43.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of 
 sp. gr., at 19.5 (sp. gr. 
 of water at 19.5 = 1), 
 
 1.0886 
 1 .1 669 
 1.2463 
 1.3222 
 1.4256 
 
 Contains 
 
 Per Cent of Pts. of K 0, Cr 0. 
 KO,CrO a dissolved in 100 
 pts. of water. 
 
 10.566 
 19.094 
 26.959 
 33.854 
 42.409 
 
 11.84 
 23.60 
 36.91 
 51.18 
 73.64 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 120. The second 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salz- 
 i, p. 34.) 
 
 sous solution of 
 r. (at 19.5) 
 
 1.0349 . . . 
 
 Contains (by experi- 
 ment) per cent of 
 KO, CrOg 
 
 ... 4 27 
 
 1.0703 
 1.1087 
 1.1476 
 1.233.3 
 
 1.3787 
 
 8.54 
 12.81 
 17.09 
 25.63 
 . 38.44 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108.338.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the following 
 table by means of the formula : D = 1 -f- 0.008 p 
 0.00003324 p 2 -f 0.0000004048 p 3 ; in which 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p the per- 
 centage of substance in the solution. 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution per cent of 
 
 ofsp.gr. KO, CrO, 
 (at 19.5) 
 
 An aqueous Contains 
 
 solution per cent of 
 
 of sp. gr. K 0, Cr 
 (at 19.5) 
 
 1.0080 . . 
 
 1 
 
 1.1864 . 
 
 . 21 
 
 1.0161 
 
 2 
 
 1.1964 
 
 22 
 
 1 .0243 
 
 3 
 
 1.2066 
 
 23 
 
 1.0325 
 
 4 
 
 1.2169 
 
 24 
 
 1.0408 
 
 5 
 
 1.2274 
 
 25 
 
 1.0492 
 
 6 
 
 1.2379 
 
 26 
 
 .0576 
 
 7 
 
 1.2485 
 
 27 
 
 .0663 
 
 8 
 
 1.2592 
 
 28 
 
 .0750 
 
 9 
 
 1.2700 
 
 29 
 
 .0837 
 
 10 
 
 1.2808 
 
 30 
 
 .0925 
 
 11 
 
 1.2921 
 
 31 
 
 .1014 
 
 12 
 
 1 .3035 
 
 32 
 
 .1104 
 
 13 
 
 1.3151 
 
 33 
 
 .1195 
 
 14 
 
 1.3268 
 
 34 
 
 .1287 
 
 15 
 
 1.3386 
 
 35 
 
 .1380 
 
 16 
 
 1 .3505 
 
 36 
 
 .1474 
 
 17 
 
 1.3625 
 
 37 
 
 .1570 
 
 18 
 
 1.3746 
 
 38 
 
 1.1667 
 
 19 
 
 1.3868 
 
 39 
 
 1.1765 . . 
 
 20 
 
 1.3991 . 
 
 . 40 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann 
 
 . Ch. 
 
 u. Pharm., 1859, 
 
 110. 74.) 
 
 When dissolved in 2 pts. of water, the temperature 
 of the latter falls about 10. 
 
 in 2 pts. of water the solution = 1.28 sp. gr. 
 
 3 1.21 
 
 4 1.18 
 
 5 1-15 
 
 6 1-12 
 
 7 1.11 
 
 8 1-10 
 
 (Moser.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble in alcohol. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 BICHROMATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Sol- 
 KO, 2 Cr 8 uble in water with slight reduction of 
 temperature. Less soluble in water 
 than the monochromate. Soluble in 9.6 pts. of 
 water at 17.2 (Thomson) ; in 10 pts. of water 
 at 18.7, the saturated solution containing 9.09% 
 of it. (Moser.) 
 
220 
 
 CIIROMATES. 
 
 Soluble in 20.14 pts. of water at 
 
 11.81 
 7.65 
 3.43 
 1.98 
 1,37 
 0.98 
 
 10 
 20 
 40 
 60 
 80 
 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 
 100 pts. of water at 17.2 dissolve 10.44 pts. of it. 
 (T.) The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.061805 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 9.126 pts. of the salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478, 482.) It is liable to form supersaturated 
 solutions. (Ogden.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of 
 sp. gr. (at 19.5) 
 
 Contains pts. of the an- 
 
 hydrous salt dissolved 
 
 in 100 pts of water. 
 
 6.08 
 13.10 
 
 10405 
 1.0848 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 120.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 8 is of 1.065 
 sp. gr. (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 
 210.) Insoluble in alcohol. The saturated aque- 
 ous solution boils at 104. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 
 92. 499.) 
 
 TerCHROMATE or POTASH. Easily soluble in 
 KO, SCrOg water, and alcohol. The alcoholic 
 solution soon undergoes decomposi- 
 tion. (Rothe.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. 
 I.) KO, CrO s ; NaO, CrO. Soluble in water. 
 (T.Thomson, Phil. 
 Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 223.) 
 
 II.) 2 (K 0, Cr 3 ) ; Na 0, Cr O a Soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. (H. Rose.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Slightly 
 soluble in cold water ; but when treated with boil- 
 ing water a portion (probably as a basic salt) 
 separates out in an insoluble condition. (Wcehler.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF POTASH with CYANIDE OF 
 
 2 (K 0, Cr Oj) ; 3 Hg Cy + Aq MERCURY. Perma- 
 
 nent. Soluble in wa- 
 
 ter, especially when this is hot. (Caillot.) Read- 
 ily soluble in water. (Darby, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 23. ) 
 
 BICHROMATE OF POTASH with GLYCOCOLL. 
 Soluble in water; less soluble in alcohol. (Hors- 
 ford, Am. J. &., (2.) 4.69.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF POTASH with SULPHATE OF 
 K 0, CrO s ; CuO, S0 3 COPPER. Decomposed by 
 water. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 25. 282.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF POTASH with SULPHATE OF 
 
 KO, CrO s ; 6(KO,SO S ) POTASH. Very soluble 
 
 in water. (Thomson, in 
 
 his System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 802.) Eas- 
 ily soluble in water, either hot or cold, though 
 somewhat less readily in the latter. (Boutron- 
 Chalard.) 
 
 Bl'CnROMATE OF POTASH with SULPHATE OF 
 
 KO, 2Cr0 3 ; KO,S0 3 POTASH. Easily soluble in 
 
 cold water. (Reinsch.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF POTASH with SULPHATE OF 
 SODA. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. (H. Rose.) 
 
 B/CHROMATE OF QUINOLEIN. Soluble in boil- 
 C t , H T N, H 0, 2 Cr 0, ing water, from which it sep- 
 arates as the solution cools. 
 (Gr. Williams.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. Soluble in an 
 AgO, Cr0 3 aqueous solution of monochromate of 
 potash, in acids, and in ammonia- 
 water. (Fischer.) 
 
 When an equivalent of Ag 0, Cr 3 is boiled 
 with an equivalent of Na O, C O 2 , in aqueous 
 solution, -j 8 ^ of it may be decomposed. (Mala- 
 guti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 336.) It is not 
 precipitated from solutions which contain citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in water. Somewhat soluble 
 Ag 0, 2 Cr 3 in dilute nitric acid. (T. Thomson, 
 Phil. Trans., 1827, Part I. p. 222.) 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Decomposed by boil- 
 ing water. Easily soluble in ammonia-water and 
 in nitric acid. (Warington.) 
 
 BICHROMATE OF SILVER with CYANIDE OF 
 Ag 0, 2 Cr 8 ; 2 Hg Cy MERCURY. Scarcely at all 
 soluble in cold, more readily 
 soluble in hot water. Soluble in hot nitric acid, 
 from which it separates as the solution cools. 
 (Darby, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 24.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF SODA. Efflorescent. (Brooke.) 
 Na O, Cr 3 + 10 Aq Permanent. (Moser. ) Deli- 
 quescent. (Kopp.) Very read- 
 ily soluble in water. (John, Moser.) Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (John, Moser.) 
 
 Z?I'CHROMATE OF SODA. More soluble than 
 
 NaO, 2Cr0 8 the monochromate. (Moser.) More 
 
 soluble than bichromate of potash. 
 
 (Dumas, Tr.) Very easily soluble in water. 
 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF SOLANIN. 
 
 CHROMATE OF STRONTIA. Slightly soluble in 
 SrO,Cr0 3 water. Insoluble in alcohol. Readily 
 soluble in chlorhydric, nitric, and chro- 
 mic acids. 
 
 CHROMATE OF STRYCHNINE. Sparingly solu- 
 
 C 43 HJJ N 3 4 , Cr 3 , H ble in boiling, less soluble 
 
 in cold water. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in alcohol. (Abel & Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2. 252.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF THIACETONIN. Ppt. 
 
 CHROMATE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water. 
 ThO,Cr0 3 Soluble in chromic acid. -(Berzelius.) 
 
 CHROMATE of protoxide OF TIN. Soluble in 
 dilute acids. 
 
 CHROMATE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble 
 Sn0 2 , 2Cr0 3 in water. 
 
 CHROMATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of protochloride of 
 uranium. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CHROMATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. (John.) 
 Ur 2 3 ,Cr0 8 
 
 II.) add. Mostly soluble in water. (John.) 
 
 CHROUATE OF VANADIUM. Partially soluble 
 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CHROMATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 YO,Cr0 3 wa ter. (John.) 
 
 II.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHROMATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I ) 'mono. Easily soluble in water. (Kopp.) 
 ZnO, CrO,,+ 7Aq " 
 
CHRYSAMMATES. 
 
 221 
 
 II.) tetra. Insoluble in water. Soluble in hot 
 4ZnO, Cr0 3 + 5Aq chromic acid. Slowly solu- 
 ble, with combination, in am- 
 monia-water. (Malaguti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 441,458.) 
 
 III.) acid. Known only in solution. (M. & 
 
 2 Zn 0, 3 Cr 3 S., loc. at., p. 458.) 
 
 CHEOMATE OF ZINC&Z'AMIN. Efflorescent. De- 
 
 (Ammonio-Cltromatc of Zinc.) composed by water. In- 
 
 Nj $ H 6 . Zn 0, Cr 3 + 6 Aq soluble in alcohol, though 
 
 slightly altered thereby. 
 
 Insoluble in ether. Soluble in ammonia. (Mala- 
 guti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 444.) 
 
 CHROMICYANHYDRIC ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 (HydroChromidCyanic Acid.) ter. (Boeckmann.) 
 
 3 H Cy, Cr a Cy s 
 
 CHROMlCTANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 CHROMlCYANIDE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 CHROMlCYANIDE OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 3 Fe Cy, Cr, Cy s (?) 
 
 CHROMlCYANIDE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 CHROMlCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Easily Sol- 
 
 3 K Cy, Cr 2 Cy s uble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Berzelius.) Not decom- 
 posed by dilute acids. (Bceckmann.) 
 
 CHROMlCYANIDE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 3AgCy, Cr 2 Cy s 
 
 CHROMlCYANIDE OF ZlNC. Ppt. 
 
 CHROMIDE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in chlor- 
 hydric or nitric acid. It dissolves only after long 
 boiling in aqua-regia. (Bachtnann.) 
 
 CHROMITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 CHROMITE of protoxide OF IRON. Gives up 
 (Chromlron Oe.)' traces of iron to boiling acids. 
 FeO.CraOg 
 
 CHROMITE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Partially 
 soluble in nitric acid. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 CHROMITE OF LIME. Insoluble in water, or in 
 2 Ca 0, Cr a 3 an aqueous solution of sugar. In- 
 soluble in solutions of caustic pot- 
 ash or ammonia. Very slowly decomposed by an 
 aqueous solution of carbonic acid, and by solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates. (Pelouze, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 9.) 
 
 CHROMITE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in acids 
 MgO, Cr 2 s or alkaline solutions. (Schweizer.) 
 
 CHROMITE OF MANGANESE. Entirely insolu- 
 MnO, Cr-jOj ble in acids. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et 
 Pkys., (3.) 33. 44.) 
 
 CHROMITE OF POTASH. Insoluble in cold wa- 
 (KO)i,Cr 2 8 ter. (Berthier. ) Soluble in cold 
 alkaline liquors, the solution under- 
 going decomposition when boiled. 
 
 CHROMITE OF SODA. Eeadily soluble in cold 
 (Na O)x, Cr 2 3 alkaline liquors, the solution un- 
 dergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. 
 
 CHROMITE OF ZINC. Entirely unacted on 
 ZnO, Cr 2 O 3 by acids. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 33. 46.) 
 
 CHROMIUM. There are two allotropic modifi- 
 er cations of metallic chromium. 
 Modif. a. Soluble in chlorhydric and nitric acids. 
 Modif. /9. Not readily acted upon by other bodies. 
 Neither dissolved nor oxidized by aqua-regia. Sol- 
 uble in fluorhydric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 
 pp. 312, 313.) 
 
 CHRYIODAMID. Insoluble in water, or ammo- 
 C M H 8 N 3 13 nia- water. (Mulder. ) 
 
 CHRYIODAMID with AMMONIA. Insoluble in 
 C 28 H 10 N 4 ]3 pure water. 
 
 CHRYIODIN. Partially soluble in ammonia- 
 Cgg H 8 N 3 28 water. Soluble in a dilute solution 
 
 of caustic potash. (Mulder.) 
 CHRYIODIDE OF AMMONIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 28 H 10 N 0, 3 (?) ter. Soluble in dilute ammonia- 
 water. (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMINAMID. Vid. Chrysammid. 
 CHRYSAMMIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 (Aloetic Acid, q. v. Artificial Bitter in cold, somewhat 
 of Aloes. Polychromatic Acid.) mor& goluble fa 
 CM 2 N 2 J3 - C 14 H (N 4 ) 2 3 , H O ^.j.^ ^^ 
 
 (Mulder.) Soluble in 800 pts. of cold, and in 
 less hot water. (Liebig.) More readily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether, than in water. (Schunck.) 
 More soluble in dilute acids, and in saline solu- 
 tions, than in water. (Mulder.) Easily soluble 
 in boiling nitric acid, without decomposition, also 
 soluble in the other mineral acids. Decomposed 
 by boiling concentrated sulphuric acid, also by 
 boiling caustic potash. 
 
 Most of its salts are very sparingly soluble, or 
 insoluble, in water; they are more soluble in so- 
 lutions of the metallic acetates. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF AMMONIA. Easily decom- 
 posed. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 C 14 H Ba (N 4 ) 2 O 4 + 2 Aq water. ( Schunck, Mul- 
 der.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF CHROMIUM. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF COBALT. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF COPPER. Sparingly solu- 
 Cj 4 H Cu (N 4 ) 2 4 -)- 4 Aq ble in cold, more solu- 
 ble in boiling water. 
 (Schnnck.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF GOLD. Soluble in hot, but 
 nearly insoluble in cold water. (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE of protoxide OF IRON. Tolerably 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE of sesquioxide OF^IRON. Toler- 
 ably soluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. (Mulder.) 
 C 14 H Pb (N 4 ) 2 4 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt, 
 C 14 H Pb (N 4 ) 2 O 4 ; Pb O, H O 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 C t4 HCa(NO 4 ) 2 4 + 6Aq 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF MAGNESIA. Tolerably solu- 
 C 14 H Mg (N O 4 ) 3 4 4. 6 Aq ble in hot water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF MANGANESE. Tolerably 
 C u H Mn (N O 4 ) a O 4 + 5 Aq easily soluble in water. 
 (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF NICKEL. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF PLATINUM. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 1250 
 C 14 H K (N O 4 ) 2 4 4- 3 Aq pts. of cold water. Easily 
 soluble in boiling water. 
 (Schunck.) 
 
222 
 
 CICUTIN. 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OP SILVER. Not entirely in- 
 soluble in boiling water. (Schunck.) Insoluble 
 in water. (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF SODA. Has the same solu- 
 C 14 H Na (N 4 ) 2 O 4 + 3 Aq bility as the potash-salt. 
 (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF STRONTIA. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMATE OF ZINC. Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMIDIC ACID. Soluble in water, from 
 (AmidoC/irysammic Acid. which SO- 
 
 C/irysammidinic Acid.) liiti'rm it 
 
 c r> TT/wn ^ n luiiuu n 
 
 C u H 3 N 3 12 = N j ^* H < V * * ' H O, H is precipi- 
 tated on 
 
 the addition of strong acids. Decomposed by 
 boiling with concentrated sulphuric or nitric acid. 
 Also decomposed by alkaline solutions. (Schunk.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMIDATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 C 14 H 4 Ba (N O 4 ) 2 N O 4 
 
 CHRYSAMMIDATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 boiling, very sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMID. Readily soluble in water, and 
 
 (Ckrysamminamid.) , r , N o . o Still more read- 
 
 C 14 H 3 N 3 10 = N j H < N * ily in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. Sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 water precipitates a portion of it. (Schunk.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMID with BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMID with COPPER. Soluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSAMMID with LEAD. Nearly insoluble in 
 water. (Mulder.) 
 
 CHRYSAMMID with LIME. 
 
 " MANGANESE. 
 
 SILVER. 
 SODA. 
 " ZINC. 
 
 Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHRYSANILIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble 
 C M H u N 3 6 (?) in water. Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. Soluble in al- 
 kaline solutions, but is easily decomposed by an 
 excess of alkali. Decomposed by boiling with 
 dilute mineral acids. (Fritsche.) 
 
 CHRYSANILATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CHRYSANILATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 28 H 10 PbNj0 6 (?) 
 
 CHRYSANILATE OF POTASH. Easily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CHRYSANILATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 CHRYSANISIC ACID. Not sensibly soluble in 
 [Isomeric with Phenate of JerNitroMethyl.] cold, spar- 
 C M H 6 (N 4 ) 3 2 = C 14 H 4 N 3 O^, H o ingly soluble 
 
 in boiling 
 
 water. Scarcely at all soluble in cold, tolerably 
 readily soluble in boiling alcohol. Soluble in 
 ether, especially when this is hot. Easily soluble, 
 with combination, in dilute ammonia-water. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 456.) 
 
 CHRYSANISATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 C 14 H 4 (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) 3 2 water. 
 
 CHRYSANISATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 CHRYSANISATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 CHRYSANISATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 C 14 H 4 (C 4 H 6 ) (N0 4 ) 3 0, water. Soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Soluble in boil- 
 ing, much less soluble in cold ether. (Cahours 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 459.) 
 
 CHRYSANISATE of peroxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 CHRYSANISATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 CHRYSANISATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 CHRYSANISATE OF POTASH. Very easily sol- 
 uble in water. (Cahours, loc. cit., p. 456.) 
 
 CHRYSANISATE OF SILVER. Insoluble, or 
 CM H A K ( N 4>3 O 2 very sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Cahours.) 
 CHRYSANISATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 CHRYSATRIC ACID. Soluble in water, and in 
 (AleoResinic Acid of Schunck.) dilute acids, but is 
 precipitated by con- 
 centrated acids. Its alkaline and alkaline-earthy 
 salts are soluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSATRATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble, or 
 C 12 H 4 Ba N 2 O 10 very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Schunck.) 
 
 CHRYSATRATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 4 Pb 0, C M H 8 N 3 15 
 
 CHRYSATRATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CHRYSENE. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 C S2 H 4 " Scarcely at all soluble in ether. Soluble 
 in boiling, less soluble in cold oil of tur- 
 pentine, and naphtha. 
 
 CHRYSINDAMID. 
 C 28 H 9 N 6 18 
 
 CHRYSINDIN with AMMONIA. Insoluble in 
 C 28 H g N 6 O 1S water. 
 
 CHRYSOLEPIC ACID. Vid. Picric Acid. 
 CHRYSOPHANIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Parietinic Acid. Rhein. Rheinic cpld water. Solu- 
 Acitl. Rfieic Acid. Rhabarbin. ble in alcohol and 
 RhabarbicAcid Rhuhvrbin Rku- Jh especially 
 
 barbaric Acid. Rlieumin. Rhavon- ' , ',. ./ 
 
 ticin. Rumicin. Ckrysophane.) when these liquids 
 
 C 20 H 8 6 are warm. Solu- 
 
 ble, without de- 
 composition, in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which solution it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. Soluble in cold, decomposed by boiling 
 nitric acid. Soluble, with combination, in solu- 
 tions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol ; less soluble in 
 dilute alcohol. Soluble in 1125 pts. of alcohol of 
 86% at 30, and in 224 pts. of this alcohol at 
 boiling. Readily soluble in glacial acetic acid, 
 amyl-alcohol, oil of turpentine, coal tar naphtha, 
 and especially in benzin or the light oils of Bur- 
 mese naphtha. Soluble, with feeble combination, 
 in solutions of the caustic alkalies. (De la Rue 
 & Mueller, J. Ch. Soc., 10. 298.) 
 
 CHRYSOPHANE. Vid. Chrysophanic Acid. 
 
 CHRYSORETIN. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Also soluble 
 in alkaline solutions. (Bley.) 
 
 CHRYSORHAMNIN. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Rhamnin.) cold, decomposed by boiling water. 
 C 23 H n O u Soluble in alcohol ; the solution is 
 partially decomposed when evaporated. 
 Abundantly soluble in ether. Soluble, with par- 
 tial decomposition, in solutions of the alkalies. 
 (Kane, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., 2. 223.) 
 
 CHRYSORHAMNIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I\ - ~ 
 
 ) C,, H.. O,, ; 2 Pb ? TJ t 
 TT v ( rpts. 
 
 II ) Cjg H u O tl ; 3 Pb > 
 
 CHYSAMMID. Vid. Chrysammid. 
 CICUTIN (from Cicutavirosa). 
 
CINNAMIC ACID. 
 
 223 
 
 CIMIFUGIN. Soluble in alcohol. (Parrish's 
 ( Macrotin. ) ( Resinoid Pharm . , p. 192.) 
 from black snake-root.) 
 
 CINACROL. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 26 H lg O< water. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 acetic acid ; in any quantity in aque- 
 ous solutions of the caustic alkalies and alkaline 
 earths, the carbonated alkalies, and ammonia- 
 water. (Hirzel.) 
 
 CINCHONICIN. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 C w H M N 2 O 2 Very soluble in ordinary and in ab- 
 solute alcohol. 
 
 CINCHONIDIN. 
 
 I.) Cinchonidin(of Wittstein.) [From China 
 r TT wo IM Jr H Ovi pseudo-reqia.] More 
 
 CjeUaoWj^Z 2 f ^36 H 20 <-Y' A,.-. i..;" J i i i 
 
 difficultly soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether, than the cinchonidin of Pas- 
 teur (No. 2). Soluble in about 3287 pts. of cold, 
 and in 596 pts. of boiling water ; in 88 pts. of cold al- 
 cohol of 0.833 sp. gr. ; and in 19 pts. of the same 
 alcohol at boiling ; in 398 pts. of cold ether of 0.74. 
 Soluble, without change, in concentrated sulphu- 
 ric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids. (Wittstein.) 
 
 II.) Cinchonidin(of Pasteur & Gerhardt.) Solu- 
 Chinidin(of Winckler, Leers, ble in 2580 pts. of 
 and Stahlschmidt.) (Isomeric wftter t 1? o d j 
 with Cinchomn.) ' ,_,.o 
 
 ' c , 1858 pts. at 100 ; 
 
 C 4o H 24 N a 2 = N 2 J CM H 24 2" an d in 12 pts. of al- 
 cohol, of 0.835 sp. 
 
 gr., at 17. (Leers Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1852, 
 82. pp. 149, 150.) 
 
 100 pts. of ether, of 0.728 sp. gr. dissolve 0.7 
 pts. of it at 17. (Leers, foe. cit.)~ More soluble 
 in ether than cinchonin, but less so than quinine. 
 
 Its salts are generally more easily soluble in 
 water than those of quinine. They are very easily 
 soluble in spirit, but are almost completely insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Leers, foe. cit., p. 152.) 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in water. Almost as 
 readily soluble as hydrate of quinine in cold alco- 
 hol of 80% ; soluble in all proportions in boiling 
 alcohol of 80%. Less soluble than quinine in 
 ether, 100 pts. of the latter dissolving 0.69 pt. of it, 
 or 1 pt. in 144.5 of ether. Slowly soluble, with 
 combination, in dilute acids. Readily soluble in 
 sulphuric acid of 1.84 sp. gr., and nitric acid of 
 1.23 sp. gr. (Winckler, from Duchn. Rep., (2.) 
 49. 1, in Pharm. Central- B., 1848, 19. 309.) Sol- 
 uble in 45 pts. of cold, and 3.7 pts. of boiling ab- 
 solute alcohol ; in 105 pts. of cold alcohol of 90%, 
 and in 158 pts. of cold ether. (Bussy & Guibourt, 
 Journ. de Pharm. et Chim., 1852, (3.) 22. pp. 414. 
 412, 409 note.) 
 
 CINCHONIN. Permanent. Insoluble in cold, 
 (HuanoMn.) very sparingly solu- 
 
 G H M N 2 2 = N 2 | C 40 H 24 2 " bk in boiling water 
 
 Soluble in 7000 pts. of cold, and in 2500 pts. of 
 boiling water. (Duflos.) 
 
 W. Schwabe distinguishes two modifications of 
 cinchonin : the ordinary a and another designated 
 as / ; according to him, 1 pt. of a dissolves in 2500 
 pts. of hot water, while (t is scarcely at all soluble 
 therein, both being insoluble in cold water. (Kopp 
 # Will's J. B. fii r I860, p. 363.) Insoluble, or 
 nearly insoluble, in water. Soluble in 400 pts. of 
 alcohol, of 80%, at 17, and in 110 pts. at the tem- 
 perature of boiling; in 600 pts. of ether at 17, 
 and in 470 pts. at the temperature of boiling. (A. 
 Erdmann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 345.) Sol- 
 uble in 33.3 pts. of strong alcohol. It is more 
 soluble in alcohol in proportion -as this is strong 
 and hot ; but is much less soluble than quinine in 
 this menstruum. (Duflos.) Soluble in 115.78 pts. of 
 alcohol of 90% at about 15, and in 126.5 pts. of 
 
 absolute alcohol at about 15. (Bussy & Guibourt, 
 Jmtrn. de Pharm. et Chim., 1852, (3.) 22. 413.) 
 1 pt. of a is soluble in 30 pts. of hot alcohol, while 
 1 pt. of /? is soluble in 43 pts. of hot, and in 1.73 
 pts. of cold alcohol. /* is also soluble in 378 pts. 
 of ether, while is insoluble therein. (W. 
 Schwabe, Kopp fr Will's J. B.fur 1860, p. 363.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in neutral solvents. Only 
 traces of it being dissolved by water or by ether. 
 Soluble in about 176 pts. of alcohol at ordinary 
 temperatures. Readily soluble at the ordinary 
 temperature, with combination, in alcohol or water 
 acidulated with chlorhydric or nitric acid. (Bou- 
 chardat, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 233-236.) 
 Soluble in 830 pts. of ether at 15. (Bussy & 
 Guibonrt, Journ. de Pharm. et Chim., 1852 (3.) 22. 
 409 note.) Almost insoluble in ether. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in chloroform, and the fatty and essential oils. 
 
 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 2.5 pts. of it. 
 (Schlimpert, Kopp ^ Will's J. B.fur 1859, p. 405.) 
 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 431 pts. of it. 
 (Michael Pettenkofer, Kopp fr Will's J. B. fur 
 1858, p. 363.) a is soluble in 40 pts. of chloro- 
 form, while (t is soluble in 268 pts. ( W. Schwabe, 
 Kopp > fr Will's J. B.fur 1860, p. 363.) 100 pts. 
 of olive-oil dissolve 1 pt. of it. (Pettenkofer, foe. 
 cit.) Insoluble in benzin. (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1. 262.) Slowly and difficultly soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonic acid. (Langlois, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. 89.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of caustic lime, potash, 
 and ammonia ; also in solutions of chloride of 
 calcium, chloride of potassium, chloride of ammo- 
 nium, carbonate of potash, and carbonate of soda ; 
 but is insoluble in solutions of caustic soda, or of 
 chloride of sodium. (CaLvert.) Easily soluble in 
 dilute acids. Its salts are generally more soluble 
 in water, and alcohol, than those of quinine, but 
 are insoluble, or very difficultly soluble, in ether. . 
 
 " CINCHOVATIN.' 
 
 " ClNCHOVIN. 
 
 CINEBENE. Insoluble in water. Readily solu- 
 C 20 H, 6 ble in alcohol, and ether. (Hirzel.) 
 
 CINEPHANE. Soluble in chloroform. Insoluble 
 C 20 H 8 in alcohol or ether. (Hirzel.) 
 
 CINEPHENE. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 C 20 H 16 , or C 40 H 32 soluble in cold alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in hot alcohol, ether, and 
 volatile oils. (Hirzel.) 
 
 CINEPHONE. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 C 20 H 12 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 Readily soluble in chloroform, ether, and 
 wormseed-oil. (Hirzel.) 
 
 CINHYDRAMID. Vid. CinnamylHydramid. 
 CINNAMIC AciD(Anhydrons). Insoluble in 
 
 (Cinnamic Anhydride. water. It is acidified 
 
 Cinnamateof Cinnamyl. by boiling with water. 
 
 CmnamicCinnamate.) </ . , s 
 
 r o c i 8 H 7 2 > Sparingly soluble m 
 ^se u u "e = c 18 H 7 Oj i u * boiling, but almost in- 
 soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 303.) 
 
 CINNAMIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Cinnamylic Add. cold, easily soluble in 
 
 Zimmuaure.) boiling water. Less sol- 
 
 l_/ia Ha \J* = ^-'IR "7 "SI-* 1 *-' vi V_ i 
 
 uble than benzoic acid 
 in water. 
 
 Readily soluble in alcohol, from which it is 
 precipitated by water. (Dumas & Peligot.) Sol- 
 uble in 4.3 pts. of absolute alcohol at 20. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) Very easily soluble in ether. (Her- 
 zog.) 
 
 The alkaline cinnamates are readily soluble in 
 water ; those of the alkaline earths are sparingly 
 
 Vid. Aricin. 
 
224 
 
 CINNITRANISAMID. 
 
 soluble, while the rest are insoluble in water. 
 Those cinnamates which are difficultly soluble in 
 water dissolve more readily in water which con- 
 tains nitrates or chlorides in solution. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF ALUMINA. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold, easily soluble in hot water. (Herzog.) 
 
 ClNNAMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 H 7 (N H 4 ) O 4 + Aq cold, easily soluble in hot 
 water. On boiling the aque- 
 ous solution a less soluble acid salt is formed. 
 (Herzog.) 
 
 II.) acid. Less soluble in water than the nor- 
 mal salt. 
 
 ClNNAMATE OF ANTIMONY & OF POTASH. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF BAETTA. Readily soluble in 
 C 18 H 7 Ba O 4 + 2 Aq boiling, difficultly soluble in 
 cold water. (Herzog.) 
 
 ClNNAMATE OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 C 18 H 7 Cd O 4 + 2 Aq Sparingly soluble in hot or- 
 dinary alcohol. ( Schiff. ) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF COBALT. Rather difficultly 
 soluble. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold water. Decomposed by boiling water, an 
 acid and a basic salt being formed. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF ETHYL. Permanent. Scarcely 
 
 (Cmnamic Ether.) a t all soluble in water. Readily 
 
 C 18 H 7 (C 4 H 5 ) O 4 soluble in ether and in alcohol"; 
 
 even in weak spirit. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE of protoxide OF IRON. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CINNAMATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF GLUCINA. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, easily soluble in hot water. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF LEAD. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 18 H, Pb 4 ble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 H, Ca 4 + 2 Aq cold, very soluble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 Less easily soluble in water 
 than benzoate of lime. (E. Kopp.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF MANGANESE. Difficultly sol- 
 uble in cold, slowly soluble in hot water. (Her- 
 zog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF METHYL. Insoluble, or but 
 C 18 H 7 (C a H 3 ) 4 sparingly soluble, in water. (E. 
 Kopp.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Easily soluble in hot 
 C 18 H, K 4 + Aq water; more soluble in water 
 than the acid salt. (Herzog.) 
 Very soluble in water, though less soluble than 
 the corresponding benzoate. (H. Deville.) Tol- 
 erably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF SILVER. Is the least soluble 
 
 C 18 H 7 Ag 4 in water of any of the cinnamates. 
 Insoluble in pure water, but soluble 
 when in presence of small quantities of soluble 
 salts. (Herzog.) Somewhat soluble in water. 
 (Mulder.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 C 18 II 7 Na0 4 + Aq 
 
 CINNAMATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in hot, 
 difficultly soluble in cold water. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMATE OF SiYRACYL(or OF STYRACIN). 
 
 (Meta Cinnamcin(of Fremy). Completely insoluble 
 Styracin. Cinnamyl-fftyrol. in cold water. Some- 
 
 Cinnamyl-Styrone.) what snarino-lv <solii 
 
 (i H r\ n H /(" H \n wu* BpoFriujfiy soiu- 
 
 ^36 U 18 <-* = ^18 "T ( C 18 ") 4 V- 
 
 soluble in hot alcohol. Only sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol of 33, but tolerably easily soluble in al- 
 cohol of 40. (Lepage.) Soluble in 21 [22?] 
 pts. of cold alcohol of 0.825 sp. gr., and in 3 pts. 
 of the same alcohol at the temperature of boiling. 
 (Simon.) Only sparingly soluble in cold alcohol 
 of 90 (Tr.); the hot saturated alcoholic solution 
 deposits it on cooling. (Scharling.) The alcoholic 
 solution becomes milky on the addition of water. 
 (Lepage.) Styracin does not combine directly 
 with acids, but is rendered more soluble by them ; 
 thus, the solution of 1 pt. of it in 8 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol, which becomes turbid on cooling, clears 
 up again immediately on the addition of sulphu- 
 ric, glacial acetic, or cinnamic adds. (Simon.) 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of ether. (Simon.) Soluble in 
 a mixture of alcohol and ether. Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, soda, or am- 
 monia (Lepage) ; or of carbonate of potash. 
 
 CINNAMATE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF TOLUENYL. Scarcely at all 
 (Cinnamein. Balsam of soluble in water. Ea- 
 
 Peru. MetaCinnamein(of sily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 Scharling).) ven when this ig CQ i d) 
 
 uble in bisulphide of carbon, and naphtha. It 
 sometimes occurs in an amorphous modification, 
 which is only soluble in boiling spirit. 
 
 CINNAMATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 CINNAMATE OF ZINC. Tolerably easily solu- 
 ble in water. (Herzog.) 
 
 CINNAMENE. Insoluble in water. Easily sol- 
 (Cinnamomime. Cinnamol.~) [" Cinna- uble in alco- 
 mene is probably identical with Styrol." hoi, ether, 68- 
 (Gmelin's Handbook, 13. 1.)] sential oils, 
 
 and bisulphide 
 of carbon. 
 
 CINNAMEIN. Vid. Cinnamate of Toluenyl. 
 
 CINNAMID. Soluble in boiling water. 
 ( Cinnamylamid. ) 
 
 C ]8 H 9 N0 2 = NJ H ' 
 
 CINNAMOL. Vid. Cinnamene. 
 
 CINNAMYL. Not isolated. 
 C 18 H, 2 
 Zfo'CiNNAMYLAMiN. Vid. fn'Phenylamin. 
 
 CINNAMYLHYDRAMID. Permanent. Insolu- 
 (Cinnhydramid. Hydride of ble in water. Soluble 
 Azocinnamyl, Hydrocinna- jn a l coho l and et h er . 
 mid. TriCinnamoylbiamm.) ,, ', , 
 
 _ c (C H 7 ) 3 More soluble in a hot 
 c s* H 24 N 2 = N a | HS ' mixture of alcohol and 
 
 ether than in the cold. 
 
 CINNANILID. Vid. PhenylCinnamylamid. 
 CINNHYDRAMID. Vid. CinnamylHydramid. 
 . Sparingly soluble in cold 
 
CITRIC ACID. 
 
 225 
 
 ( Cinnitranisidid. Cinnanisidide nitriquc.) 1 1 e r a bly 
 
 ( C 18 H 7 2 soluble in 
 
 C S2 H 14 N 2 8 =N ?C 14 H 6 (N0 4 )0 2 boiling al- 
 
 cohol. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 452.) 
 
 CISSAMPELIN. Vid. Pelosin. 
 
 CissoTANNic ACID. Easily soluble in water, 
 (Red coloring matter of the autumn and alcohol. Ether 
 leaves of Vitis (cissus) hederacea, on l v dissolves 
 
 and of strawberries.) traces of it. The 
 
 <^20 "12 "16 . ,. 
 
 aqueous solution 
 undergoes decomposition when left to itself. 
 
 CissoTANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. (Wittstein, 
 Cjo H n Pb 16 -(- Aq { n his Handw. ) 
 
 CITRACARTIC ACID. Vid. Mesaconic Acid. 
 
 ClTRACONAMIC ACID. 
 C w H 7 N OB = N J ^<> H *" . 0, H 
 
 ZJ/CITRACONAMATE or AMMONIA. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Crasso.) 
 
 CITRACONAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, from which alcohol precipitates it. 
 
 CITRACONAMATE OF LEAD. 
 
 CITRACONAMATE OF SILVER. 
 
 CITRACONAMID. Vid. Citraconamic Acid. 
 
 CITRACONANIL. Vid. PhenylCitraconimid. 
 
 CITRACONANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylCitra- 
 conamic Acid. 
 
 CITRACONIC AciD(Anhydrous). Hygroscopic. 
 n H n r w nn In Slowly acidified by wa- 
 
 ^10 H 4 6 = U 10 U 4 U 4 1 U 2 / J J 
 
 ter. 
 CITRACONIC ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 
 (Pyrociiric Acid(of Robi- 3 pts. of water at 10 
 ?, ue V; Citribic Acid.) (Lassaigne) ; in 0.42 
 
 C 10 H 9 8 = C 10 H 4 6 ,2HO ' o 
 
 (Baup) ; in 8 pts. at 10 (in Gerhardt's Tr.) Ea- 
 sily soluble in alcohol (Lassaigne), and ether. 
 
 ClTRACONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. 
 C 10 H 6 (NH 4 )0 8 
 
 ClTRACONATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, readily 
 C 10 H 4 Ba 2 O 8 + 5 Aq soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in 150 pts. of cold, 
 and in 50 pts. of hot water. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 5 Ba 8 + Aq 
 
 ClTRACONATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 ClTRACONATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal Scarcely at all soluble in water, 
 C 10 H! (C 4 H 5 ) 2 O a but is decomposed by prolonged 
 contact therewith. Miscible in 
 all proportions with alcohol, and ether. (Mala- 
 guti.) Soluble, without decomposition, in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 ClTRACONATE OP LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, readily 
 (2 Aq sofuble in hot water. (Cras- 
 C 10 H 4 Pb 2 8 -t-? & S0 ) 
 ( 4 Aq 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 10 H 5 Pb 8 
 
 III.) basic Almost insoluble in water. (Cras- 
 C 10 II 4 Pb 2 8 , 2 Pb so.) 
 
 ClTIlACONATE OF LlME. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 28 pts. of water. (Las- 
 saigne.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. 
 C 10 H 6 Ca 8 + 3 Aq 
 
 29 
 
 CITRACONATE OF MAGNESIA. Very soluble 
 in water. (Crasso.) 
 
 ClTRACONATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 CITRACONATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in water. 
 
 CITRACONATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 CITRACONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. (Crasso.) 
 C 10 H 4 K 2 8 [Lassaigne describes a salt crystalliz- 
 ing in needles, which is permanent 
 and soluble in 4 pts. of water.] 
 
 II.) acid. Readily soluble in water. (Crasso.) 
 C 10 H 5 K0 2 
 
 III.) peracid. 
 
 CITRACONATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 C 10 H 4 Ag 2 8 + 2 Aq cold water. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water ; after drying 
 this solution the residue is very soluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Much more soluble in water than 
 C 10 H 6 Ag 8 the normal salt. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 CITRACONATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. / Extremely soluble in water. (Cras 
 
 II.) acid. } so.) 
 
 CITRACONATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 4 Sr 2 8 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 10 H 5 Sr 8 + 3 Aq 
 
 CITRACONATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 CiTRACONAzoPHENYLiMiD. Vid. NitrAzo- 
 PhenylCitraconamid. 
 
 CITRACONIC ANHYDRIDE. Vid. Citraconic 
 Acid (Anhydrous). 
 
 CITRACONIMID. Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 
 (Citraconylamid.) soluble in boiling wa- 
 
 C 10 H S N0 4 =N^ H4 4 " ter. Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in boiling ammonia- 
 water. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 CiTRACO&z'NiTRANiL. Vid. 6z'NitroPhenylCi- 
 traconimid. 
 
 CITRACO&Z'NITRANILIC ACID. Vid. 6i'Nitro- 
 PhenylCitraconamic Acid. 
 
 CiTRACONcftNiTRANiL. Vid. 6z'NitroPhenyl- 
 Citraconimid. 
 
 CiTRACONloDANiL. Vid. lodoPhenylCitraco- 
 nimid. 
 
 CiTRACoNiTRAzoPHENYLiMiD. Vid. Nitr- 
 AzoPheny 1 Citraconamid. 
 
 CITRAMIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 C 12 H 7 NO in 
 
 CITRAMID. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Citryl teramid.) 
 r H N O - N \ C " H ""' 
 
 ^12 H lt W S U 8 = ^3^ H 6 
 
 CITRANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylCitramic 
 Acid. 
 
 CITRANILIMID. Vid. PhenylCitrimid. 
 
 CITRIC ACID. Permanent. Deliquesces in 
 C 12 H 8 14 = C 12 H B O u , 3HO&+Aq&2Aq moist air. 
 
 1 pt. of 
 
 the 2 Aq. salt is soluble in 0.513 pt. of water at 
 15. (Gerlach's determination, see his table of 
 
226 
 
 CITRATES. 
 
 fip. grs., below.) Soluble in 0.75 pt. of cold, and 
 in 0.5 pt. of hot water (Vauquelin) ; in 1.V43 pts. 
 
 Sp. gr. Per cent of Per cent of 
 (at 12) C 13 H 8 M + 2 Aq C u H 8 O 14 
 
 of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 
 1.0037 ... 1 .... 0.914 
 
 fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht,Jur 
 
 1.0075 2 1.829 
 
 1854, p. 76.) The saturated cold solution, there- 
 
 1.0113 3 2.743 
 
 fore, contains 57.14% of it, and the saturated boil- 
 
 1.0151 4 3.657 
 
 ing solution 66.66%; or 100 pts. of water at 15.5 
 
 1.0190 5 4.571 
 
 dissolve 133 pts., and at 100, 200 pts. of it. The 
 
 1.0229 6 5.486 
 
 aqueous solution gradually decomposes on stand- 
 
 1.0268 7 6.400 
 
 ing. Citric acid exhibits a remarkable tendency 
 
 1.0307 8 7.314 
 
 to form supersaturated solutions, when its hot 
 
 1.0347 9 8.229 
 
 aqueous solution is cooled. (Gerlach, loc. cjY., p. 
 
 1.0387 10 9.143 
 
 26, note.) 
 
 1.0428 11 10.057 
 
 
 1.0469 12 10.972 
 
 Percentage of Crystallized Citric Acid ( C 12 H 5 O u , 
 3 HO + 2Aq) in Aqueous 'Solutions, at 15. 
 
 1.0511 13 11.886 
 1.0550 14 12.800 
 
 Sp. Or. Per Cent. Sp. Gr. Per Cent. 
 
 1.0593 15 13.714 
 1.0635 16 14.629 
 
 1.0037 . . 1 .1467 . . 35 
 
 1.0677 17 15.543 
 
 1.0074 2 .1515 36 
 
 1.0719 18 16.457 
 
 1.0111 3 .1564 37 
 
 1.0762 19 17.372 
 
 1.0149 4 .1612 38 
 
 1.0805 20 18.286 
 
 1.0186 5 .1661 39 
 
 1.0849 21 19.200 
 
 1.0227 6 .17093 40 
 
 1.0893 22 20.115 
 
 1.0268 7 .1756 41 
 
 1.0937 23 21.029 
 
 1.0309 8 .1814 42 
 
 1.0981 24 21.943 
 
 1.0350 9 .1851 43 
 
 1.1026 25 22.857 
 
 1.03916. 10 .1899 44 
 
 1.1071 26 23.772 
 
 1.0431 11 .1947 45 
 
 1.1116 27 24.686 
 
 1.0470 12 .1998 46 
 
 1.1162 28 25.600 
 
 1.0509 13 .2050 47 
 
 1.1208 29 26.515 
 
 1.0549 14 .2103 48 
 
 1.1254 30 27.429 
 
 1.0588 15 .2153 49 
 
 1.1301 31 28.343 
 
 1.0632 16 .22041 50 
 
 1.1348 32 29.258 
 
 1.0675 17 .2257 51 
 
 1.1395 33 30.172 
 
 1.0718 18 .2307 52 
 
 1.1442 34 31.086 
 
 1.0762 19 1.2359 53 
 
 1.1490 35 32.000 
 
 1.08052 20 1.2410 54 
 
 1.1538 36 32.915 
 
 1.0848 21 1.2462 55 
 
 .1586 37 33.829 
 
 1.0889 22 1.2514 56 
 
 .1635 38 34.743 
 
 1.0930 23 1.2572 57 
 
 .1684 39 35.658 
 
 1.0972 24 1.2627 58 
 
 .1733 40 36.572 
 
 1.1014 25 1.2683 59 
 
 .1783 41 37.486 
 
 1.1060 26 1.27382 60 
 
 .1833 42 38.401 
 
 1.1106 27 1.2794 61 
 
 .1883 43 39.315 
 
 1.1152 28 1.2849 62 
 
 .1934 44 40.229 
 
 1-1198 29 1.2904 63 
 
 .1985 45 41.143 
 
 1.12439 30 1.2960 64 
 
 .2036 46 42.058 
 
 1.1288 31 1.3015 65 
 
 .2088 47 42.972 
 
 1.1333 32 1.3071 66 
 
 .2140 48 43.886 
 
 1.1378 33 1.30763 . . 66.1* 
 
 1.2192 49 44.801 
 
 1.1422 . . 34 
 
 (Th. Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlaesungen, 
 
 1.2244 ... 50 ... 45.715 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 
 
 1859, pp. 26, 27.) 
 
 190.) 
 
 * Mother liquor. 
 
 
 Contains (by experi- 
 An aqueous solution ment) per cent of 
 of sp. gr. (at 12) the crystallized acid, 
 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 solution per cent solution per cent 
 ofsp.gr. of crystal. ofsp.gr. of crystal, 
 citric acid. citric acid. 
 
 Ci HS 14 + 2 Aq 
 
 
 1.0150 4 
 
 1.30 . . 60.32 1.14 . . 30.46 
 
 1.0306 8 
 
 1.28 56.80 1.12 26.72 
 
 1.0470 12 
 
 1.26 53.17 1.10 22.63 
 
 1.0634 16 
 
 1.24 49.42 1.08 18.40 
 
 1.0979 24 
 
 l.,22 45.33 1.06 14.06 
 
 1.1540 36 
 
 1.20 41.72 1.04 9.56 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula : 
 ]) = 1 -j. 0.003721 p + 0.00001534 p 2 , in which 
 
 1.18 38.16 1.02 . . 4.87 
 1.16 . . 34.49 (Richter.) 
 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p the percent- 
 age of substance in the solution, by means of 
 
 An aqueous solution containing 25% of crystal- 
 lized citric acid boils at 101.8 ; one of 50% boils 
 
 which Ott has calculated the following table. 
 
 at 105 8. (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, 
 
 
 p 111.) 
 
 
 Soluble in 1.15 pts. of alcohol, of 80% at 15; 
 
 
 or 100 pts. of alcohol of 80% dissolve 87 pts. of 
 
 
 it at 15; or, the solution in alcohol of 80%, sat- 
 
 
 urated at 15 contains 46.5% of it, and is of 1.059 
 
CITRATES. 
 
 227 
 
 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 
 113. 191 ) Readily soluble in alcohol, more in 
 hot than in cold, but not so readily as in water. 
 Readily and abundantly soluble in ether. (Wack- 
 enroder.) Insoluble in ether. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 4. 136.) Melts at 150, and is then soluble in ; 
 anhydrous ether, from which solution crystals j 
 separate after the la,pse of several hours, but these j 
 crystals are completely insoluble in ether, being i 
 unaltered citric acid. (Robiquet.) Soluble in 
 wood-spirit. (St. Evre.) Abundantly soluble in j 
 boiling creosote, the solution solidifying on cool- 
 ing. (Reichenbach.) " Soluble in glycerin. In- 
 soluble in caoutchin, but is decomposed when j 
 boiled with it. (Himly.) 
 
 The normal (terbasic) citrates of the alkalies, 
 and some others, are soluble in water; these solu- j 
 tions are liable to change on keeping. Many of i 
 the citrates insoluble in water are soluble in aque- I 
 ous solutions of the alkaline citrates. 
 
 CITRATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) di, or tri ? Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) mono. Very soluble in water. (Richter.) 
 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) tri. Very soluble in water. Soluble in 
 C, 2 H 3 (N H 4 ) s O 14 boiling, less soluble in cold al- 
 cohol. (Heldt.) 
 
 II.) di. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 C 12 H 6 (N H 4 ) 2 O 14 ter. Soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in water. 
 C 13 H 7 (N H 4 ) 14 
 
 IV.) Compound of Nos. II. & III. 
 C 12 H 7 (NH 4 )0 14 ) 
 C 12 H 6 (NH 4 ) 2 0,J 
 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 r TT u FO n C i2 H B '" { o IRON. Hy- 
 
 ^72 -tlf-g IX g r eg "ioi ~~" *.T TT \ t VA V 
 
 Co c\ HI } re* 
 
 j2 tif) ^'8 f f\ \,^13 ' 
 
 H.(NH 4 ) a ^a5 (Fe 2 "<;., 
 
 uble in 
 
 water. Nearly insoluble in alcohol. (Haidlen.) 
 Insoluble in strong alcohol ; but tolerably soluble 
 in 40% alcohol. (Wittstein.) 
 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF LEAD. Soluble 
 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIA & of dinoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Insoluble in water. Soluble in acetic 
 acid. (Harff.) 
 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 with separation of a portion of basic salt. Soluble 
 in nitric acid. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in chlorhydric and nitric acids, in ammonia-wa- 
 ter, and in aqueous solutions of nitrate of ammo- 
 nia, and citrate of ammonia. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. Very 
 C 12 H 5 K s O t4 , C 12 H g (N H 4 ) 2 14 deliquescent. 
 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. 
 CITRATE OF AMMONIUMCHLORPLATIN(OMS)- 
 
 (Oros's Citrate.) AMMONIUM. Somewhat soluble 
 
 in water. (Gros, Ann. der Pharm., 1838, 27. 256.) 
 CITRATE OF AMYL. Vid. AmylCitric Acid. 
 CITRATE OF ANILIN. 
 I.) acid. Easily soluble in alcohol, and still 
 
 C 12 H 7 (N i C 12 H 7 . H) 14 more readil y in water - 
 
 (Pebal.) 
 CITRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF POTASH. Solu- 
 
 
 C 12 H 3 K 3 14 ,C l2 H 8 Sb'"0 14 +5Aq We in water. 
 
 (Thaulow.) 
 
 CITRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF SILVER. Insol- 
 C J2 H 3 Ag 2 Sb' O 14 + 2 Aq uble in water. 
 
 CITRATE OF ARGENTAMMONIUM & OF SILVER. 
 C 12 H 5 (N j^ 3 g )Ag 2 I4 +3Aq 
 
 CITRATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) tri. When precipitated in the cold, it dis- 
 C 12 H 5 Baa 4 4- 7 A l solves m water ; but when it 
 has been precipitated from a 
 hot solution, it is nearly or quite insoluble in 
 water. (Liebig.) Very sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter; readily soluble in citric acid. (Scheeie.) 
 Easily soluble in dilute acids. 
 
 Soluble in a cold solution of citrate of soda. 
 (Heldt, Spiller.) 
 
 II.) 4 basic. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 C 12 H s Ba 3 4 , C 12 H 6 Ba, 14 + 7 Aq 
 
 III.) mono? Readily soluble in water. Soluble 
 in ammonia- water. 
 
 CITRATE OF CADMIUM. Nearly insoluble in 
 water. (Stromeyer.) 
 
 CITRATE OF CAFFEIN. Soluble in water. 
 (Audry.) Does not exist. (Geuther.) 
 
 CITRATE OF CERIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in citric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CITRATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Slowly 
 soluble in cold, more quickly soluble in a hot 
 aqueous solution of normal citrate, of soda. (Mo- 
 berg.) 
 
 CITRATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Soluble 
 in water. (Brandenburg.) 
 
 CITRATE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTASH. 
 C 12 H KCr 2 O t4 + 4 Aq 
 
 CITRATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in water. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 82. 160.) 
 
 CITRATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) tri. Readily soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 C 12 H 5 Co s 14 + 14 Aq alcohol. (Heldt.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 
 CITRATE OF COBALT & OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CITRATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) basic. Soluble in ammonia-water, from 
 C 12 H s Cu 3 14 , Cu 0, H + 3 Aq which it is precipi- 
 tated by alcohol. 
 (Heldt.) 
 
 CITRATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) tri. Sparingly soluble in water ; the aque- 
 C 12 H 5 (C 4 H 6 ) 3 14 ous solution gradually decom- 
 poses on standing, more 
 quickly if heated. Readily soluble in alcohol, even 
 in dilute, and in ether. Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid and in concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid, from both of which solutions it is 
 precipitated unchanged on the addition of water. 
 It is also soluble in nitric acid, but water does not 
 cause it to separate from this solution. (Mala- 
 guti.) 
 
 CITRATE OF GLUCINA. Soluble in water. 
 (Vauquelin.) 
 
 CITRATE OF GLYCERYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 C H = C HfCH i") -A- sma ^ quantity 
 (Citrin. Citromonoglycerin.) of It dissolves 
 
 after long-contin- 
 ued boiling with water. Slowly soluble in warm 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid. Immediately solu- 
 
228 
 
 CITRATES. 
 
 ble, with decomposition, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. Gradually soluble in a cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, (v. Bemmeleii.) 
 
 II.) basic. Resembles the normal salt. 
 C M H ]8 0^ = C M H 6 (C 6 H B ') 14 ; C 6 H 3 , 3 H 
 ( vitro bi Glycerin.) 
 
 CITRATE of protoxide OF IRON. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. (Be'ral.) Abundantly, but very 
 slowly, soluble in water. (W. Procter, in Mohr, 
 Redwood $ Procter's Pract. Pharm., p. 468.) Al- 
 cohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 ( Heldt. ) Soluble in an aqueous solution of sugar. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 516.) 
 
 CITRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Tolerably permanent. Very read- 
 
 C u H B Fe 2 '" 0, 4 + 3 Aq ily soluble in hot water, 
 
 and is retained in solution 
 
 when the liquor has become cold, but is only spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water when treated therewith 
 directly. (Mohr, Redwood & Procter's Pharmacy, 
 p. 242.) Slightly soluble in cold, readily soluble 
 in boiling water. It is more readily soluble in 
 water when freshly prepared than when old, being 
 in the latter case only slowly and imperfectly solu- 
 ble. (Parrish's Pharm., pp. 514, 515.) Easily 
 soluble in water. (Vauquelin.) Alcohol precipi- 
 tates it from the aqueous solution. (Heldt.) In- 
 soluble in alcohol of 90% ; but is sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol of from 20 40%. (Wittstein.) Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline citrates. 
 (H.Rose.) 
 
 II.) basic. Almost completely soluble in water. 
 6 Fe 2 3 ; 5 Cj,, H 5 O u + 16 Aq, (Wittstein.) 
 
 i. e. I (C 12 H 6 ft,'" 14 ) ;Fe 2 3 + 16 Aq V 
 
 CITRATE of protoxide $ of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 2 C 12 H 5 Fe 3 M ; 3 C u H B Fe 2 '" 6 14 : C ts H 8 M + 15 Aq. 
 
 CITRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF MAGNE- 
 SIA. Soluble in water. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 516.) 
 
 CITRATE OF lRON(Fe s 3 )& OF QUININE. Sol- 
 
 [Of variable composition ] uble in water. (Squibb, 
 
 Parrish's Pharm., p. 402.) 
 
 CITRATE OF IRON(FCS O 3 )& OF SODA. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 
 CITRATE OF lRON(Fe a Os)& OF STRYCHNINE. 
 Soluble in water. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 515.) 
 
 CITRATE OF lRON(Fej 3 )& OF ZINC. Very 
 soluble in water. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 515.) 
 
 CITRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) tri. Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) Very 
 C 12 H 5 Pb, O 14 soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 citrate of ammonia ; also soluble in 
 a solution of tri-citrate of soda and in hot solutions 
 of chloride of ammonium, nitrate of ammonia, and 
 succinate of ammonia ; incompletely soluble in a 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia. (Wittstein.) 
 Readily soluble in nitric acid and in ammonia- 
 water. (Berzelius.) Soluble in nitric acid. (Per- 
 soz, Chim. Mole"c., p. 354 note.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. (Heldt.) Decom- 
 C 12 H 6 Pb 2 M + 2 Aq posed by water. (Berze- 
 lius.) Soluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) 4 basic. Insoluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 C, 2 H 6 Pb 3 14 , Cjj H 8 Pb 2 14 + Aq 
 
 IV.) tetra. 
 C, 2 H 5 Pb 3 14 , PbO, HO 
 
 V.) penta. Insoluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 C, 2 H 5 Pb s 14 , 2 Pb + 3 Aq 
 
 VI.) hexa. Insoluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 C, 2 H 6 Pb 3 14 , 3PbO + Aq 
 CITRATE OF LEAD & OF SODA. 
 CITRATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) tri. Less soluble in toiling than in cold wa- 
 C 12 H 6 Ca3Oi 4 + Aq&;4Aq ter ; the aqueous solution 
 being precipitated on boil- 
 ing, the precipitate dissolves, for the most part, 
 when the solution becomes cold. (Heldt.) When 
 prepared by precipitation from cold solutions it is 
 soluble in cold water, but when prepared by precip- 
 itation from hot solutions it is.insoluble or nearly 
 insoluble. (Liebig.) Soluble in cold aqueous 
 solutions of chloride of calcium and of tri-citrate of 
 soda. (Berzelius.) Easily soluble in acetic acid, 
 and in the mineral acids, from which it is not pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of ammonia ; it is pre- 
 cipitated, however, from these solutions on boil- 
 ing them. Easily soluble in warm citric acid. 
 
 Citrate of lime is only sparingly precipitated 
 when a neutral aqueous solution of hyposulphite 
 of lime is mixed with citrate of alumina, a portion 
 of each of these salts remaining undecomposed in 
 the solution. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 
 1. 22.) 
 
 II.) di. Partially decomposed by water. Solu- 
 0,2 H Ca., 0, 4 + 2 Aq ble in citric acid. Insoluble 
 in spirit. 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in citric acid. 
 
 CITRATE OF LIME & OF METHYL. Vid. Me- 
 thyl Citrate of Lime. 
 
 CITRATE OF LIME & OF SILVER. Insoluble, or 
 Cu H 6 Ag 2 Ca0 14 , Ca very sparingly soluble in 
 water. (Chodnew.) 
 
 CITRATE OF LIME & OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water, from which it is not precipitated by boiling 
 the solution. (Spiller.) 
 
 CITRATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water. 
 C,2 H 5 Li 3 0,4 
 
 CITRATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) tri. Soluble in water, from which alcohol 
 C,, H B Mg s 14 -f 14 Aq precipitates it. 
 
 When citric acid is satu- 
 rated with carbonate of magnesia, and the solution 
 evaporated to a paste, it solidifies on cooling to a 
 sort of glass, which is still very easily soluble in 
 water. But this soon loses a portion of its water 
 and becomes porcelaneous, and is now difficultly 
 soluble in water. This sparingly soluble modifi- 
 cation has the composition C, 2 H 5 Mg s O 14 -f- 
 11 Aq., and requires 75 pts. of cold water and 28 
 pts. of boiling water for its solution. When heated 
 to 100, this salt loses 3 equivs. of water, and after 
 this requires 92 pts. of water to dissolve it. (Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 II.) di. 
 
 CITRATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water. Sparingly soluble 
 
 C 12 H 6 Mn, O u 4- 2 Aq in acetic acid, and readily 
 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Heldt.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of di- 
 
 citrate of soda. 
 
 CITRATE OF MANGANESE & OF SODA. 
 
 CITRATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Insoluble 
 in water ; decomposed by boiling water, a subsalt 
 being formed. Soluble in citric and acetic acids; 
 also soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Burckhardt.) Readily soluble in nitric acid. 
 (Scheele.) 
 
 CITRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Sparingly 
 soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Decomposed by water. Soluble in 1300 pts. of 
 alcohol, and in 1000 pts. of ether. Soluble in a 
 warm aqueous solution of citrate of ammonia. 
 Easily soluble in nitric, acetic, and citric acids ; 
 
CLEMATIDIN. 
 
 229 
 
 also soluble in a warm aqueous solution of citrate 
 of soda. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 CITRATE OF METHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 C, H 14 14 = C 12 H 5 (C 2 H,,)s M 
 
 IT.) di. Vid. dzMethylCitric Acid. 
 C, 2 H 6 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 O u 
 
 III.) mono. Vid. MethylCitric Acid. 
 C ia H 7 (C, H 3 ) 14 
 
 CITRATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) tri. Soluble in water, from which alcohol 
 C 12 H 5 Ni 3 14 + 14 Aq precipitates it. (Heldt.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in water. (Heldt.) 
 
 CITRATE OF PALLADIUM. Ppt. 
 
 CITRATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) tri. Very deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 [Ordinary Citrate of the apothecaries.] (Heldt.) Solu- 
 C u H 6 K 3 14 + 2 Aq ble in 2 pts. of water. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 449.) In- 
 soluble in absolute, but soluble in hydrated alco- 
 hol. (Heldt.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. Insoluble in absolute, 
 C 12 H 6 K 3 14 soluble in hydrated alcohol. (Heldt.) 
 
 III.) mono. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 
 C 12 H 7 KOi 4 + 4Aq Sparingly soluble in boiling, 
 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 (Heldt.) Melts in its water of crystallization 
 
 at 100. 
 
 CITRATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Permanent. 
 C 12 H 5 Na 3 14 I . n A q Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H s K 3 14 J 
 
 CITRATE OF QUININE. Soluble in 820 pts. of 
 
 C 12 H fa i C 40 H M 4 " . H ) O u+ 10 Aq cold, and 30 
 6 \ 2 < 4 /a pts. of boiling 
 
 water; in 44 pts. of cold, and 3 pts. of boiling al- 
 cohol of 0.833. ( Wittstein. ) 
 
 CITRATE ofdinoxide OF SILVER. Slowly solu- 
 C ia H 6 A g8 14 + Aq ble in water. (Woehler.) 
 
 CITRATE of protoxide OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) tri. Somewhat soluble in boiling, nearly 
 C ia H 6 Ag 3 J4 + Aq insoluble in cold water. (Lie- 
 big.) Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 It is not precipitated from solutions which con- 
 tain citrate of soda. ( Spiller. ) 
 
 CITRATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) tri. Very slowly soluble in water. The 
 
 C 12 H 5 Na s 14 + 4 Aq & 11 Aq crystals containing 
 
 1 1 equivalents of 
 
 water are soluble in 1 .75 pts. of water. ( Vauque- 
 lin.) Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Heldt.) 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. Soluble in water, and in 
 C l2 H 6 Na 2 14 + 2Aq boiling alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 Ill) mono. Difficultly soluble in water. Slight- 
 C 12 H 7 Na 14 + 2 Aq ly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 CITRATE OF SODA & OF YTTRIA. Keadily 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CITRATE OF SODA & OF ZINC. Permanent. 
 
 CITRATE OF SODA with TASTRATE OF SODA. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 CITRATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 CITRATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) tri. Sparingly soluble in water. Soluble 
 C 12 H 5 Sr s 14 + 5 Aq in warm citric acid. Partially 
 soluble in acetic acid. Easily 
 soluble in dilute mineral acids. 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. Soluble in citric acid. 
 C u H 8 Sr, o lt + 2 Aq Insoluble in alcohol. ( Heldt.) 
 
 CITRATE of binoxide OF TELLURIUM. Easily 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CITRATE OF THORIA. 
 
 I.) tri. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol. Soluble in ammonia-water ; the residue 
 left on evaporating this solution is soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, and in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 CITRATE OF TITANIUM(TI 02). Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CITRATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Slightly 
 soluble in water. (Richter.) 
 
 CITRATE OF UREA. 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , 2 H O, C 12 H 5 O n 
 
 CITRATE OF VANADIUM. Slowly soluble in 
 cold water. Soluble in ammonia-water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 CITRATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 I.) tri. Soluble in ammonia-water; the residue 
 left on evaporating this solution is soluble in water. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the yttrium salts ; 
 also in a solution of citrate of soda, and in citric 
 acid. (Berlin.) 
 
 CITRATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) tri. Soluble in 100 pts. of cold water, and 
 C 12 H 5 Zn 3 14 + 2 Aq in less hot water. ( Vauque- 
 lin.) Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of tri-citrate of potash. 
 
 II.) -| basic. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 C 12 H 5 Zn 3 14 , C 12 H 6 Zn 2 14 + 2 Aq di-ci crate of soda. 
 
 CITRATE OF ZIRCONIA. Soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 CITRENE. Insoluble in water. Warm alcohol 
 ( Citronyl.) dissolves traces of it, which separate out 
 CM HW as a jelly when the solution becomes 
 cold. Somewhat soluble in acidulated 
 water. Soluble in ether, and in essential and fatty 
 oils. 
 
 CITRIBIC AciD(of Baup). Vid. Citraconic 
 Acid. 
 
 CITRICIC ACID. Vid. Itaconic Acid. 
 
 CITRIDIC ACID. Vid. Aconitic Acid. 
 
 ClTRILENE. 
 (Citryt) (of Blanchet & Sell). 
 
 ClTRIMID. 
 
 Cu H 8 N 2 8 
 
 ClTRO&ZAMIC ACID. 
 C U H 10 N 2 10 
 
 CITRIN. Vid. Citrate of Glyceryl. 
 
 CITRO^ANIL. Vid. PhenylCitrimid. 
 
 CITRO&I'ANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylCitrobi- 
 amic Acid. 
 
 CiTRoGLTCERiN. Vid. Citrate of Glyceryl. 
 
 3/onoCiTRoMANNiTAN. Insoluble in cold wa- 
 C M H M O 18 ter, alcohol, or ether. Decomposed by 
 long-continued boiling with water or al- 
 cohol, and by alkaline solutions, (v. Bemmelen.) 
 
 Sz'CiTRoMANNiTAN. Dissolves in water only 
 c a6 H K> so a ^ ter long-continued boiling. Easily 
 decomposed by alkaline solutions. 
 
 CITRO&J'METHYLIC ACID. Vid. tfr'Methyl- 
 Citric Acid. 
 
 CITRONYL. Vid. Citrene. 
 
 " CITRYL "(of Blanchet & Sell). Vid. Citrilene. 
 
 CITRYL. Not isolated. 
 C 12 H 6 8 "' 
 CLEMATiDiN(from the root of Aristolochia Cle- 
 
230 
 
 COCININ. 
 
 C 9 H 6 Og matitis.) Soluble in 200 pts. of cold, and 
 in 50 pts. of boiling water. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. More soluble 
 in saline solutions than in pure water. ( Walz.) 
 
 CNICIN. Scarcely at all soluble in cold, much 
 (Centawin.) more soluble in boiling water. Easily 
 C 40 H 26 14 soluble in alcohol, and wood-spirit. 
 Almost insoluble in ether. 
 
 COBALT. Permanent. Unacted upon by water. 
 Co Slowly dissolved by chlorhydric acid ; more 
 readily if it be in powder, and in proportion 
 as the acid is more concentrated and hotter. 
 Slowly soluble in warm dilute sulphuric acid. 
 Also soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 Quickly soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 COBALTIC ACID. 
 
 COBALTATE OP POTASH. Insoluble in water. 
 K 0, 3 Co 3 6 + 2 Aq & 3 Aq Easily soluble in con- 
 centrated acids. Un- 
 acted upon by dilute chlorhydric acid. (Schwar- 
 zenberg, Ann. Ch. . Pfiarm., 97. 214.) 
 
 COBALTlCYANHYDRIC AdD. DeliqUCSCCnt. 
 
 C 6 H s N 3 , Cg N 3 Co 2 = 3 H Cy, Co 2 Cy 5 + Aq Very easi- 
 ly soluble 
 
 in water, the solution suffering scarcely any de- 
 composition when boiled. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 without being decomposed, even on boiling. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in strong, more soluble in 
 weak nitric acid. Decomposed by strong boiling 
 nitric acid or aqua-regia. Insoluble in concen- 
 trated, somewhat soluble in dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Very SOlu- 
 
 3 N H 4 , C 12 H 6 Co 2 + Aq = 3 N H 4 Cy, Co 2 Cy 3 ble in 
 
 water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF BARIUM. Effloresces in 
 3 Ba Cy, Co 2 Cy s warm air. Very readily soluble 
 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Zwenger.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. Solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of cobalticyanide of 
 potassium, and in acids. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF COBALT. Insoluble in 
 3 Co Cy, Co 2 Cy s + 12 Aq water and in acids. Par- 
 tially soluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in 
 3 Cu Cy, Co 2 Cy s + 7 Aq water, and in acids. Sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water. 
 (Zwenger.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF IRON. Ppt. 
 3 Fe Cy, Co 2 Cy s 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF LEAD. Very readily sol- 
 3 Pb Cy, Co 2 Cy s + 4 Aq able in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Zwenger.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Insolu- 
 6N H 3 . Co 2 Cy a , Co 2 Cy s + Aq ble in cold, readily 
 decomposed by boil- 
 ing water. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., 
 Vol. 9.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF MANGANESE & OF ZINC. 
 Ppt. 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF MERCURY(Hg 2 ). Ppt. 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in 
 C 6 N 8 Ni s , C 6 N 3 Co, = 3 Ni Cy, Co 2 Cy s water and in 
 
 acids. Solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. Decomposed by a solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. (Zwenger.) Unacted 
 upon by boiling chlorhydric acid. 
 
 GOBALTICYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Sparingly 
 C 6 N s K 3 , C 6 N 3 Co 2 = 3 K Cy, Co 2 Cy 3 soluble in wa- 
 ter. From the 
 
 concentrated aqueous solution .cobalticyanhydric 
 acid is precipitated on the addition of an excess of 
 sulphuric or nitric acid. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF ROSEOCOBALT. Insol- 
 
 5 N H 3 . Co 2 Cy 3 , Co 2 Cy s -f- 3 Aq uble in cold, readily 
 
 decomposed by hot 
 
 water. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., Vol. 
 9.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 3 Ag Cy, Co 2 Cy s water and in acids. Easily sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water. (Zwen- 
 ger.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE OF SODIUM. Very soluble 
 C 6 N 3 Na s , C 6 N 3 Co 2 = 3 Na Cy, Co 2 Cy 3 in boiling 
 
 water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Zwenger.) 
 
 COBALTICYANIDE of protoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 A'CoBALTiNAMiN. Vid. LuteoCobalt. 
 
 COBALTOUS ACID. Vid. sesquiOxide of Co- 
 Co 2 3 bait. 
 
 COBALTITE OF COBALT. Vid. Oxide of Co- 
 (Co 0)a.-, Co 2 3 bait. 
 
 COBALTITE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter, ammonia-water, or a solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia. Easily soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of chloride of ammonium, from which it may be 
 precipitated again by caustic potash. (Berzelius.) 
 
 COBALTITE OF SODA. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of caustic soda, but a precipitate is formed 
 when this solution is diluted with water. 
 
 COCCINONIC ACID. 
 
 COCCINONATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia. 
 
 COCCINONATE OF POTASH. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. 
 
 COCCOGNIC AciD(from Daphne Gnidium). Sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Gcebel.) 
 
 COCCULIN. Vid. Picrotoxin. 
 
 CocniNEAL(coloring matter of). Vid. Car- 
 minic Acid. 
 
 COCINIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 (Caco Stearic Acid.) soluble in alcohol of 36, and in 
 C 26 H 26 4 ether. (Saint-Evre, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 21. 444.) The nor- 
 mal alkaline cocinates are soluble, the other coci- 
 nates, even the acid salts of the alkalies, are insol- 
 uble in water. The normal and acid salts of the 
 alkalies are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 COCINATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in boiling 
 C 26 H 25 Ba 4 alcohol. 
 
 COCINATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C* H 25 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 
 
 COCINATE OF GLYCERIN. Vid. Cocinin. 
 
 COCINATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. 
 
 COCINATE OF LIME. 
 
 COCINATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 c 2s H 25 A g4 alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 
 COCINATE OF SODA. Soluble in absolute al- 
 C 2 gH 25 Na0 4 cohol. (Saint-Evre, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 2O. 98, & 21. 446.) 
 
 COCIN. Vid. Cocinin. 
 (Stcaroptene of Cocoa-nut oti.) 
 
 COCININ. Insoluble in water. Very sparingly 
 
COMENAMATES. 
 
 231 
 
 (Coco Stearin. Cocinate of Glycerin.) Soluble in cold 
 C 84 H 80 12 = C 78 H 75 (C 6 H 5 "<)0 12 spirit of 75%; 
 
 but much more 
 
 soluble in boiling than in cold. 100 pts. of abso- 
 lute alcohol dissolve 2.4 pts. of it at 20, and 8 
 pts. at 44. Readily soluble' in anhydrous ether ; 
 but in ordinary ether only 80 pts. of it dissolve 
 at 18. 
 
 COCINONE. Soluble in absolute alcohol. Read- 
 c so HSO 2 Hy soluble in ether. 
 
 CODEIN. Soluble in 100 pts. of cold, and in 
 
 C M H 21 N 6 + 2 Aq = N J 9 H 2oO 8 " + a Aq 50 . P ts - 
 
 of hot 
 water. 
 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 100 pts. of water at 
 
 15 dissolve 1.26 pts. of it. 
 
 43 " 3.7 " 
 
 boiling " 5.9 " 
 It is much more soluble than morphin. 
 
 Soluble in 80 pts. of cold, and 87 pts. of boiling 
 water ; the saturated cold solution containing 
 1.25% of it, and the saturated boiling solution 
 5.5%. (Mohr, Redwood, & Procter's Pharmacy.) 
 Readily soluble in alcohol and in ordinary ether; 
 much less soluble in anhydrous ether. It is solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water, but no more so than in 
 pure water. Very sparingly soluble in a concen- 
 trated solution of caustic potash. Soluble, with- 
 out change, in concentrated sulphuric acid. Ea- 
 sily soluble, with combination, in acids. 
 
 II.) "amorphous" or "modified" [by sulphuric 
 acid] codein. Insoluble in water. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, from which it is precipitated by 
 ether. Easily soluble in acids, forming amorphous 
 salts. 
 
 COLCHICEIN. Permanent. Almost insoluble 
 C M H.JJ N On in cold, somewhat more soluble in 
 boiling water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, wood-spirit, and chloroform. Soluble in 
 acetic acid, and in concentrated nitric, chlorhydric, 
 and sulphuric acids ; also soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic potash and ammonia. (Oberlin, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5O. 111.) 
 
 COLCHICIN. Hygroscopic. Very soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. (Oberlin, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 50. 110.) Easily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol ; less soluble in absolute ether. Soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 414.) Easily soluble in chloroform. Its salts 
 are mostly permanent, and easily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Oberlia.) 
 
 COLLETIIN (from Colletia spinosa). Insoluble in 
 cold, difficultly soluble in boiling water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Reuss.) 
 
 COLLIDIN. Insoluble in water ; but itself dis- 
 N \ C H " 80 ^ ves a sma ll quantity of water. 
 
 ( 1S u Readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 the fatty and essential oils. Readily 
 soluble, with combination, in dilute acids. 
 
 Its salts are generally deliquescent and soluble 
 in water, and alcohol, but insoluble in ether. (An- 
 derson.) 
 
 COLOCYNTHEIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C 42 H 32 13 in absolute ether. (Walz.) 
 
 COLOCTNTHIN. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 C B H 42 2S ether. Soluble in alkaline solutions 
 and dilute acids. 
 
 COLOCYNTHININ. Insoluble in water and in 
 cold alcohol. Soluble in hot alcohol and in ether. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 422.) 
 
 CoLOpiiENE(from Camphor). Insoluble in wa- 
 
 ter, or in weak alcohol. Soluble in strong alco- 
 hol, in ether, oil of turpentine, rock-oil, and cam- 
 phin. (Glaus.) 
 
 CoLOPHENE(of Deville). 
 
 CTT 
 40 "32 
 
 COLOPHILENE. 
 ^40 "32 
 
 COLOPHOLIC AciD(of Unverdorben). (The 
 least soluble in alcohol of the resins which com- 
 pose colophany or rosin.) Only slightly soluble 
 in alcohol of 67%, more easily soluble in presence 
 of pinic acid. 
 
 COLORING MATTERS. Many of them are solu- 
 ble in alcohol acidulated with sulphuric acid 
 (Heller) ; in creosote (Reichenbach) ; in benzin, 
 and in concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 In general those coloring matters which are 
 soluble in water are less soluble in solutions of 
 chloride of sodium and of salts generally. (Robi- 
 nct, cited in Schtoeigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 1825, 45. 240.) 
 
 COLUMBIC ACID. Almost insoluble in water. 
 (ColomUc JIM.') Readily soluble in alcohol. Spar- 
 C 42 H 23 Oig ingly soluble in cold ether ; more 
 
 readily soluble in acetic acid. 
 Soluble, without alteration in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, and is not altered by cold nitric acid. 
 
 COLUMBATE OF COPPER. Appears to be solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 COLUMBATE OF LEAD. Ppt, in alcohol. 
 
 COLUMBATE OF LIME. 
 
 COLUMBATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 COLUMBIN. Sparingly soluble in cold water, al- 
 (Colombin.') cohol, ether, or essential oils ; and still 
 C 42 H 22 Ou more sparingly soluble in a solution of 
 potash. Soluble in 30 @ 40 pts. of 
 boiling alcohol of 0.835 sp. gr. Soluble in 40 or 
 50 pts. of acetic acid of 1.04 sp. gr. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, in which solution the 
 addition of water occasions a precipitate. 
 
 COMENAMIC ACID. Effloresces in dry_ air. 
 C 12 H B N0 8 + 4 Aq = N j H *6" .0 2 + 4Aq 
 
 soluble in cold water. Soluble in boiling spirit, 
 but scarcely at all soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 Readily soluble in chlorhydric and other strong 
 mineral acids; also in alkaline solutions. (How.) 
 
 COMENAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in boil- 
 GU H 4 (N H 4 ) N 8 ing, nearly insoluble in cold wa- 
 ter ; more soluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 COMENAMATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold, more sol- 
 C 1S H 4 Ba N 8 + 2 Aq uble in boiling water. 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in boiling water. (How.) 
 C 12 H s Ba, N 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 COMENAMATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 COMENAMATE OF ETHYL. Sparingly soluble 
 C 12 H 4 (C 4 Hj) N 0, in cold, readily soluble in hot 
 water, and mineral acids. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in absolute alcohol. (How.) 
 
 COMENAMATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 COMENAMATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 If.) di. 
 
 COMENAMATE OF POTASH. 
 
 COMENAMATE OF SILVER. Partially decom- 
 posed by boiling water. (How.) 
 
232 
 
 CONVOLVULINOL. 
 
 COMENAMATE OF SODA. 
 
 COMENIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble in some- 
 (Komenic Acid. Parameconic thing more than 16 
 Acid.Metameconic Acid. Anhy- ^ Q f boiling water ; 
 drous Meconic Acid.) , , i vi 
 
 r HO r HO9TTO much less soluble in 
 
 l/ 12 H 4 U 10 U 12 M 2 U 8 , i, H. U 
 
 cold water. ( liobi- 
 
 quet.) Sparingly soluble in hydrated, insoluble 
 in absolute, alcohol. (How ) Decomposed by 
 dilute nitric acid. The salts of comenic acid- are 
 difficultly soluble, or insoluble, in water. 
 
 COMENATE OP AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) mono. Easily soluble in boiling water; 
 
 GU H 3 (N H 4 ) 10 + 3 Aq much less soluble than the 
 
 soda salt in cold water. 
 
 More soluble in water than meconic acid. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (How.) 
 
 COMENATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in boiling water, by 
 C ]2 H 2 Ba.j 10 + 10 Aq which, however, it is partially 
 converted into a sub-suit. 
 (How.) 
 
 II.) mono. Readily soluble in boiling water. 
 C 12 H 3 Ba 10 + 6 Aq. 
 
 COMENATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. 
 C 12 H 2 Cuj 10 + 2 Aq 
 
 COMENATE OF ETHYL. Vid. EthylComenic 
 Acid. 
 
 COMENATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Slowly 
 Fcj 3 , 2 C 12 H 4 10 + 3 Aq soluble both in cold and 
 in boiling water. (Sten- 
 house.) 
 
 COMENATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 C 12 H 2 Pb 2 10 -H 2 Aq comenic, but insoluble in 
 acetic acid. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 COMENATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in cold water, but is 
 C 12 H 2 Ca, 0, + 2 Aq & 11 Aq & 6 Aq decomposed, 
 
 with forma- 
 tion of a basic salt, when boiled with water. 
 (How.) 
 
 II.) mono. Readily soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 C 12 H 3 Ca 10 + 7 Aq u ble in cold water. ( How. ) 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 COMENATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in boiling water. (How.) 
 C 12 H 2 Mg 2 10 + 3 Aq & 8 Aq 
 
 II.) mono. Readily soluble in hot water. 
 C, 2 H 3 Mg 10 + 2 Aq (How.) Much more soluble 
 in water than the normal co- 
 menates of baryta, and lime. 
 
 COMENATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water; less 
 soluble in water than the monobasic salt. (Ro- 
 biquet.) 
 
 II.) mono. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 C,jH 3 KO ]0 cold water. (How.) 
 
 COMENATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. 
 C n H 2 Ag 2 o ltf 
 
 II.) mono. Insoluble in water. 
 C 12 H 8 Ag0 10 
 
 COMENATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. Readily soluble in water. More 
 C 12 H 3 Na 10 soluble in water than the comenates 
 of ammonia or of potash. (How.) 
 
 COMENATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. ) More soluble than the come- 
 
 II.) mono. 5 nates of baryta. 
 
 CoMENoViNic ACID. Vid. EthylComenic 
 Acid. 
 
 CONCHIOLIN. Insoluble even in boiling water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether. Unacted upon by 
 weak acids. Very slowly dissolved by concen- 
 trated acids or by alkaline solutions. (Fremy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 96.) 
 
 CONHTDRIN. Tolerably readily soluble in wa- 
 r TT w n iv S c ie H ts <V ter - Soluble in alco- 
 
 l^ 16 1,7 IN Uo = .N < rr' 1D * , , , , ,,,. 
 
 ( H hol, and ether. (Th. 
 
 Wertheim.) 
 
 CONIIN. Slightly soluble in water. (Charland 
 (Cinidn. Cicutln.) & Henry.) The solution 
 
 C 16 H 1S N=NJ H in 100 pts. of cold water 
 16 u becomes turbid when 
 heated, and clear ttgain on cooling. (Geiger.) At 
 ordinary temperatures coniin takes up one third 
 part of its weight of water, and at a low degree of 
 cold one part of water, whereby it becomes more 
 fluid. If this solution be heated it becomes turbid, 
 owing to the separation of water. (Geiger.) 
 Very readily soluble in alcohol. 1 pt. of coniin 
 in 4 pts. of alcohol mixes with water in every 
 proportion. A solution of I pt. of coniin in 1 pt. 
 of absolute alcohol mixes with 1 pt. of water, but 
 if more water be added, the liquid becomes per- 
 manently turbid. 
 
 Quite soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, and 
 oils. Sparingly soluble in bisulphide 'of carbon. 
 (Blyth, .7. Ch. Soc., 1. 349.) Slightly soluble in 
 bisulphide of carbon. (Berzelius ) Miscible in 
 all proportions with alcohol, ether, and the fatty 
 and essential oils. (Geiger.) 
 
 Its salts are mostly soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol, as well as in a mixture of alcohol and ether, 
 but they are insoluble in pure ether. 
 
 CONVOLVULIC ACID. Very hygroscopic. Sol- 
 
 (Rhodeoretic Acid.') uble in all pro- 
 
 Cc 2 H B3 33 =^Hi 1 "os o 6 + 5Aq portions in water, 
 (C t2 H 9 u e ) 3 ^ and alcohol. In- 
 
 soluble in ether. Decomposed by boiling with 
 chlorhydric or sulphuric acid. 
 
 CONVOLVULATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Easily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 2 H 6J Ba Ogs 
 
 II.) di. Readily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 C 62 H 51 Ba 2 035 
 
 CONVOLVULATE OF LEAD. 
 2 II 80 Pb 3 Oss 
 
 CONVOLVULATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 I.) c,., Hg, Caj Os., 
 
 CONVOLVULATE OF POTASH. 
 I.) mono. 
 
 2 ^52 ^ ^35 
 
 II.) acid. Readily soluble in water. Sparingly 
 
 ., H 6! K K , C M H M 35 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CONVOLVULIN. Scarcely at all soluble in wa- 
 
 (Jalapin. & resin of Jalap. ter. Easily Sol- 
 
 Rhodeoretin. Glucosid of uble in alcohol 
 
 Convolvulinol Acid.) 
 
 acid. Insoluble 
 in ether. Easily 
 soluble^ with decomposition in warm, less readily 
 soluble in cold aqueous solutions of caustic ammo- 
 nia, potash, soda, arid baryta. Very slowly solu- 
 ble in cold dilute nitric acid, the solution under- 
 going decomposition when heated ; it is also de- 
 composed by cold concentrated nitric acid. Solu- 
 ble in concentrated sulphuric acid, with subsequent 
 decomposition. 
 
 CONVOLVULINOL. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 C 36 H 25 I 
 
 Aq 
 
CREOSOLATES. 
 
 233 
 
 CONVOLVULINOLIC ACID. Very sparingly solu- 
 (RhodeoKstinoiicAcid. ble in pure water; more 
 Rkodeo Retinal) readily soluble in acidulated 
 
 Cjo H 24 6 = u "% ( 6 water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol ; less soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 Its compounds with the alkalies are readily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol ; those of the alkaline 
 earths are sparingly soluble in water, and alcohol ; 
 while the salts of copper, lead, and silver are in- 
 soluble in water, and very sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 CONVOLVULINOLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 CONVOLVULINOLATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 
 C 26 HJJ Ba 6 soluble in cold, more soluble in 
 
 boiling water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 It is more soluble in all solvents than jalapate of 
 
 baryta. 
 
 CONVOLVULINOLATE OF COPPER. Insoluble 
 C M Hj3 Cu O c + Aq. in water. Scarcely soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 CONVOLVULINOLATE OP LEAD. Ppt. 
 C M Us, Pb 6 
 
 CONVOLVULINOLATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 water. Very sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 COPAIBI. See under RESINS. 
 
 COPAIVIC ACID. See Resins of Copaiba, under 
 RESINS. 
 
 COPAL. See under RESINS. 
 
 COPPER. Unacted upon by water at any tem- 
 Cu perature. When out of contact with the air, 
 it is unacted upon by dilute, and scarcely at 
 all attacked by boiling concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid ; but when exposed to the air, chlorhydric 
 acid dissolves a little of it; on the other hand, 
 concentrated iodhydric acid quickly dissolves it, 
 though when dilute it has no action upon it. Sol- 
 uble in concentrated, but only slowly or even not 
 at all attacked by very dilute sulphuric acid. 
 Readily soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 The oxidation and solution of copper by nitric 
 acid depends upon the state of concentration of 
 the latter, upon its temperature, upon the presence 
 of binoxido of nitrogen, and upon the solubility of 
 the products which may be formed. Pure dilute 
 nitric acid has no action upon copper in the cold ; 
 but nitric acid contaminated with nitrous acid 
 corrodes it at once : thus, pure nitric acid of 
 1.07 sp. gr. or less, does not attack copper at 20; 
 but if a current of binoxide of nitrogen is passed 
 into the acid, or better, if a few drops of a con- 
 centrated solution of nitrite of potash be added to 
 it, an action commences at once, and when once 
 commenced persists during several hours, provided 
 the quantity of acid and of metal are sufficient ; 
 when the action flags, it may be renewed by a new 
 addition of nitrite. By more concentrated nitric 
 acid copper is attacked, excepting at low tempera- 
 tures like those produced by a mixture of ice and 
 chloride of sodium, but the temperatures at which 
 the action commences vary with the concentration 
 of the acid ; thus an acid of 1.217 sp. gr. begins to 
 act at 10, and acid of 1.108 sp. gr. at 2. 
 Nitric acid of 1.512 sp. gr. attacks copper violently 
 at 20, but the action soon ceases on account of a 
 crust of nitrate of copper which is formed upon the 
 metal. This crust does not form with acids of 
 1419 sp. gr. and less. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 6. pp. 95-98.) Soluble in a warm concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of iodide of potassium. 
 (H. Rose, Tr.) When finely divided it dissolves 
 readily in a hot solution of perchloride of iron. 
 30 
 
 When in contact with the air it is soon oxidized by 
 acids, alkaline solutions, especially those of am- 
 monia, and fatty bodies. 
 
 COPPER & SiLVER(alloys). Soluble in nitric 
 acid, but a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acid 
 dissolves very little copper, so long as there is 
 any silver present to be dissolved. (Grove.) 
 
 CoRNiN(from Cornusflorida). Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. Difficultly soluble in ether. 
 (Geiger.) 
 
 CORYDALIN. Almost insoluble in cold, more 
 C 68 H M N 21 (?) soluble in hot water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, especially in abso- 
 lute alcohol. Readily soluble in ether, and in di- 
 lute acids. More soluble in solutions of the caus- 
 tic alkalies than in pure water. Its salts are solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 COTARNIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, some- 
 C 26 Hj 3 N 8 + 2 Aq what more soluble in boiling 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in ether, and in ammonia-water. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. Decomposed by nitric acid. Its 
 salts are in general very soluble in watex. 
 
 COUMARIN, &c. Vid. Cumarin. 
 
 CRATININ. Vid. Creatinin. 
 
 CREATIN. Soluble in 83 pts. of water at 18. 
 (Kreatin.) (Chevreul.) 
 
 H fl N 3 4 
 
 = N 
 
 (Cratinin. Kreatinin.) 
 
 r<v 
 
 C 8 H 7 N 8 2 = N 2 j g j 
 H, 
 
 74.4 pts. of 
 water at 18, 
 
 and very soluble in boiling water. (Liebig.) The 
 saturated boiling solution solidifies on cooling. 
 Soluble in 2000 pts. of alcohol of 0.81 sp. gr., at 
 15 (Chevreul); in 9410 pts. of cold absolute 
 alcohol ; more soluble in spirit. (Liebig.) Nearly 
 or quite insoluble in ether. (Heintz.) Soluble, 
 without alteration, in cold alkaline liquors, even 
 baryta-water,-and in feeble acids. Decomposed by 
 strong acids. 
 
 CREATININ. Much more soluble than creatin in 
 water, and alcohol. 1000 
 pts. of water dissolve 87 
 pts. of creatinin, i. e. it 
 is soluble in 11.5 pts. 
 of water, at 16. It is 
 much more soluble in boiling water. (Liebig.) 
 1000 pts. of alcohol dissolve 9.8 pts. of it at 16. 
 Soluble in 102 pts. of absolute alcohol at 16; 
 much more abundantly soluble in hot alcohol. 
 (Liebig.) Slightly soluble in ether. 
 The salts of creatinin are soluble in water. 
 CRENIC ACID. Very easily soluble in water, 
 C 24 H 12 16 (?) and spirit. Soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. The normal and acid 
 crenates of the alkalies are soluble in water, but 
 insoluble in absolute alcohol. The crenate of 
 protoxide of iron is soluble in water, but the salt 
 of sesquioxide of iron is insoluble. The copper 
 and lead salts are insoluble in water. The silver 
 salt is soluble in ammonia-water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CREOSOL. Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 
 (Oil from Creosote.) Easily soluble in alco- 
 
 C 18 H 10 4 = C 16 H 9 3 , H hol, ether, glacial acetic 
 
 acid, and in alkaline 
 
 lyes. 
 
 CREOSOLATE OF BARYTA. 
 C 10 H 9 Ba 4 + 3 Aq 
 
 CREOSOLATE OF BENZOYL. 
 C 16 H (C 14 H S 2 )0 4 
 
 CREOSOLATE OF ETHYL. 
 C W H 9 (C 4 H 6 )0 4 
 
CROTONIN. 
 
 CREOSOLATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 C 16 H 8 K0 4 + 4Aq ether. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in spirit, and ether. 
 C 10 H 9 K 4 ; C 16 H 10 4 + 2 Aq 
 
 CREOSOTE. Sparingly soluble in water. Mis- 
 (Kreosote.) cible in all proportions with alcohol, 
 ether, bisulphide of carbon, naphtha, 
 eupion, acetic ether, and acetic acid of 1.07 sp. gr. 
 It is only partially soluble in ordinary acetic acid. 
 (Gorup-Besanez.) When pure, it is entirely solu- 
 ble in ordinary acetic acid. (Vcelckel.) Soluble 
 in sulphuric acid, with combination. No more 
 soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid than in water. 
 Soluble in 80 pts. of cold, and 24 pts. of hot water. 
 
 Soluble in 80 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Ze.itschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Cqnstatt's 
 Juhresbericht, fur 1854, p. 75.) Creosote dissolves, 
 especially when warm, phosphorus, sulphur, sele- 
 nium; oxalic, tartaric, citric, boracic, and stearic 
 acids ; the fats, resins, and coloring matters (as 
 cochineal, dragon's-blood, santal-red, santal-yellow, 
 orchil, madder-red, and saffron). When warm, it 
 dissolves indigo. When hot, it dissolves many 
 salts, which separate out again as the solution 
 cools ; for example, many acetates and chlorides 
 
 CRESOTIC ACID. Somewhat more difficultly 
 
 (Kresotinsaure.) soluble in cold water 
 
 Cje H 8 8 = C 16 H 7 5 , H than salicylic acid 
 
 Readily soluble in hot 
 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether 
 (Kolbe's Lehrb., 2. 349.) 
 
 CRESYLIC ALCOHOL. Vld. Hydrate of Cresyl. 
 
 CROCIC ACID. Vid. Safranin. 
 
 CROCONIC ACID. Soluble in water. (L. 
 
 C 10 H, 10 == C 10 O 8 , 2 H Gmelin.) Easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Its alkaline salts are all soluble in water. All oi 
 its salts are soluble, with decomposition, in nitric 
 acid. (L. Gmelin.) Some of them are also solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF ALUMINA. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 C 10 (N H 4 ), o lo -f- 4 Aq and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF ANTIMONY. Soluble in a chlor- 
 hydric acid solution of chloride of antimony. (L. 
 Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in hot 
 water. (L. Gmelin.) Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (Heller.) Sparingly soluble in hot chlor- 
 hydric acid. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water, 
 or alcohol. (Heller.) Soluble in a solution of 
 nitrate of bismuth. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 CROCONATE OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 
 CROCONATE OF COBALT. Soluble in water 
 and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF COPPER. Very sparingly 
 OK, Cu s 10 -f 6 Aq soluble in cold, more soluble in 
 boiling water. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. Soluble in solutions of caustic potash and 
 ammonia. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF GLUCINA. Easilv soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water or 
 alcohol. (Heller.) Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in nitric acid. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF LIME. Slightly soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Heller, L. Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 CROCONATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 C 10 Hg 4 o, uble in water. Soluble in nitric acid. 
 (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 C w Hgs 10 
 
 CROCONATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 CROCONATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Tolerably soluble in cold, much 
 C 10 K 2 10 + 4 Aq more readily soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in absolute, and 
 very sparingly soluble in hydrated alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water. (L. 
 C ]0 H K 10 , C 10 K 2 10 + 4 Aq Gmelin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 Ci Ag 2 10 water. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF SODA. Very sparingly soluble 
 in water. Slightly soluble in alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF STRONTIA. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE or STRYCHNINE. 
 
 CROCONATE of protoxide OF TIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF URANIUM. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF YTTRIA. Easily soluble in 
 water. (Berlin.) 
 
 CROCONATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 CROCONATE OF ZIRCONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 CROTONIC ACID. Easily soluble in water, but 
 
 C 8 H 6 4 = C 8 H 5 3 , H only sparingly soluble in 
 
 saturated saline solutions, 
 
 as of chloride of sodium. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. The alkaline croconatea are easily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CROTONATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 CROTONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 CROTONATE OF LEAD. Appears to be insolu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CROTONATE OF MAGNESIA. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CROTONATE OF MERCURY. Appears to be in- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CROTONATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Easily 
 soluble in water. Difficultly soluble in alcohol of 
 0.85 sp. gr. 
 
 CROTONATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble in 
 
 H 5 Ag O 4 hot, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 CROTONATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. Easily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CROTONIN (from Croton tiglium). Almost insol- 
 uble in water. Easily soluble in hot alcohol. 
 Brandes.) 
 
CUMINIC ACID. 
 
 235 
 
 CROTONOL. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble 
 C 18 H 14 4 in water. Soluble in absolute alcohol 
 
 and in ether. (Th. Schlippe.) 
 CRYPTIDIN. 
 
 CTT K 1\T } P TT 'II 
 22 "11 JN = IN < L/2J "11 
 
 CRYSTALLIN. Vid. Anilin. Also Globulin. 
 
 CUBEBENE. Compare Oil of Cubebs. 
 (Cubebenal.) 
 
 CUBEBIN. Sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 C S4H 16 10 100 pts. of absolute alcohol dissolve 
 1.31 pts. of it at 12. [100 pts. of] 
 alcohol of 0.82 dissolve 0.70 pt. of it [at 12] ; it 
 is much more soluble in hot alcohol. 100 pts. of 
 ether dissolve 3.75 pts. of it at 12; more soluble 
 in hot ether. Soluble in acetic acid, and in the 
 fatty and essential oils. 
 
 COMANILID. Vid. PhenylCuminamid. 
 
 CUMARAMIN. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Coumaramin. Cumaramid.) easily Soluble in boil- 
 
 C lg H 7 N 4 = N j ^18 H * ing water. More read- 
 ily soluble in a satu- 
 rated aqueous solution of acetate of iron than in 
 cold water. Easily soluble in boiling alcohol ; 
 the saturated solution coagulating on cooling. Al- 
 most insoluble in ether. (Frappoli & Chiozza, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 254.) 
 
 CUMARIC ACID. Soluble in boiling water, 
 
 (Coumaric Acid.) from which it separates 
 
 GIS H 8 6 = C 18 H 7 5 , HO on cooling. (Bleibtreu ; 
 
 Delalande, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 6. 346.) Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Bleibtreu.) 
 
 CUMARATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 C 18 H 7 (N H 4 ) 6 
 
 CUMARATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 CUMARATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Somewhat solu- 
 C 18 H T Pb 6 ble in water. (Bleibtreu.) 
 
 CUMARATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C l8 H 7 Ag0 8 
 
 CUMARIN. Scarcely at all soluble in cold, 
 (Coumarin.) tolerably readily soluble in boiling 
 C IB H a O 4 water. Soluble in alcohol of 36. 
 Soluble in dilute acids, without alter- 
 ation, even on boiling. Concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid, whether hot or cold, has no action upon it. 
 Concentrated sulphuric acid decomposes it imme- 
 diately. Monohydrated nitric acid combines with 
 it in the cold, but on boiling decomposes it. Un- 
 acted upon by ammonia- water. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash, when this is gently heated, but is decom- 
 posed on boiling therewith. (Delalande, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 6. 344.) 
 
 A solution of 1 pt. of cumarin in 45 pts. of boil- 
 ing water becomes milky on cooling ; a solution 
 of 1 pt. of cumarin in 200 pts. of water remains 
 clear at 25; but when slowly cooled to 15 it 
 deposits crystals ; a solution of 1 pt. of cumarin in 
 400 pts. of water remains unchanged, even in the 
 cold. (Buchner.) Soluble in weak acids, even 
 boiling; but is decomposed by concentrated acids. 
 (Buchner.) Readily soluble in strong alcohol, 
 and in the fatty oils which occur with it in the 
 tonka bean. (Buchner.) Readily soluble in fatty 
 and in essential oils. (Boullay & Charlard.) 
 Sparingly (Leroy), abundantly (Guillemette) 
 soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 water precipitates it. Much more readily soluble in 
 acetic acid (Buchner), and in tartaric acid (Guille- 
 mette), than in water. Soluble in concentrated, 
 or in warm dilute, phosphoric acid, (Guille- 
 
 mette.) Insoluble in cold ammonia-water. (Guille- 
 mette.) Easily soluble in a cold aqueous solution 
 of caustic potash, but is decomposed when boiled 
 therewith. (Buchner.) 
 
 CUMENE. Insoluble in water. (Gerhardt & 
 (Cumol. 'Retinyl. Cahours.) Readily sol- 
 
 HydrideofCumenyl.) u ble in alcohol, ether, 
 
 gsomeric mth^Mesitylene.) wood -spirit, and the es- 
 sential oils. It combines 
 
 [? mixes] with oils, fats, and most of the resins. 
 (Pelletier & Walter.) Soluble in naphtha. 
 
 CUMENYL. Not isolated. 
 
 Cumyl(of Kolbe). 
 
 C 18 H n 
 
 CoMENYLSuLPHUHOUs ACID. Known only 
 
 (Sulphocumenic Acid. j n aquCOUS solu- 
 
 Snlphocumolic Acid.) 
 
 C 18 fl u S 2 9 = C 18 H ll0 , HO, S,0 4 
 
 OF BARYTA. Readily 
 C l8 H n BaSjOg soluble in water, especially when 
 this is hot. Soluble in alcohol 
 (even in absolute) and in ether. 
 
 CUMEUGENYL. Vid. CuminEugenic Acid. 
 
 CUMICYL. Not isolated. 
 Cymyl(of Kolbe). 
 c *o H 13 
 
 CUMICYLAMIN. Vid. Cymidin. 
 
 CUMIDIN. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Cumin. Cumenylamin.) Very soluble in alcohol, 
 C 18 H 1S N = N | y 18 H ether, wood-spirit, bisul- 
 phide of carbon, and the 
 
 fatty oils. Soluble in concentrated nitric acid, in 
 which solution water occasions a precipitate. Its 
 salts are soluble in water, and still more soluble in 
 alcohol ; they are partially decomposed by boiling 
 water. (Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 4.) 
 
 CUMIN ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Cumicyl. 
 
 CDMINAMIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Amido Cuminic Acid.) much more soluble 
 
 C ao H 1S N 4 =N { ^> H u a . O.j in boiling water. 
 Still more soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. Combines both with acids 
 and bases. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 
 334.) 
 
 CUMINAMATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in alcohol, 
 C 2o HU (C 4 H 5 ) N 4 from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of water. Sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric, bromhydric, nitric, and sul- 
 phuric acids, forming compounds which are easily 
 soluble. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 
 339.) 
 
 CUMINAMID. Insoluble in cold, but soluble in 
 (Cumylamid.) ^ hot water. Soluble in 
 
 ! H 13 N O a = N J & HU 3 all proportions in al- 
 1 ' cohol, and ether, wheth- 
 
 er hot or cold. (F. Field.) Insoluble in cold 
 (Field), very sparingly soluble in boiling ammo- 
 nia-water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 CUMINANILID. Vid. PhenylCuminamid. 
 
 CUMINIC ACID (Anhydrous). Acidified by 
 
 , _ c, H u O a ) n exposure to moist air. 
 
 >4o H 22 6 - c ^ HU Oj j u 3 goluble in ether ( Ger . 
 
 hardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 37. 305.) 
 
 CUMINIC ACID. Almost insoluble in cold, 
 
 C 20 H 12 4 = Cj,, H u 3 , H somewhat more soluble 
 
 in boiling water. Easily 
 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether, and in water acidu- 
 lated with nitric acid. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. Soluble in all proportions in 
 warm glacial acetic acid. The alkaline cuminates 
 and those of the alkaline earths are soluble in 
 
236 
 
 CYAMELURATES. 
 
 water ; those of the metals are sparingly soluble 
 or insoluble. 
 
 CUMINATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 CUMINATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C M H n Ba 4 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CUMINATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CUMINATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Cuminic Ether.) Miscible in all propor- 
 
 C M H 16 O 4 = C.JO H n (C 4 H B ) 4 tions with alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Gerhardt & 
 
 Cahours.) 
 
 CCMINATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 CUMINATE OF LIME. Tolerably soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CUMINATE OF METHYI,SALICYL. Insoluble 
 C se HI. 8 = C 20 H u [C 14 H 4 (C 2 H s ) 2 ] O a in -water. 
 
 Spanngly 
 
 soluble in cold, more soluble in hot alcohol. Very 
 soluble in ether. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. at Phys., 
 (3.) 45. 95.) 
 
 CUMINATE OF PHENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 8a H lo 0, = G.JO H u (0,., H 8 ) 4 Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 CUMINATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Easily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 CUMINATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 C 20 HU Ag 4 
 
 CuMiNEuGENio AciD(Anhydrous). Insoluble 
 (CumEugenyl.) in water. Soluble in 
 
 C^HjsOgr^o H n o 2 }o 2 boilin g alcohol. De- 
 2 composed by strong sul- 
 phuric acid, and by potash lye. Unacted upon by 
 boiling chlorhydric acid. (Cahours.) 
 
 CUMINIO ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Cumicyl. 
 
 CUMINIC BENZOATE. Vid. BenzoCuminic 
 Acid. 
 
 CUMIN(ENANTHYLIC ACID( Anhydrous), 
 c^o^u^o, 
 
 CUMINOL. Vid. Hydride of Cumyl. 
 
 CuMiNoNiTRYL. Vid. Cyanide of Cuminyl. 
 
 CUMINURIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol, espe- 
 C M H 1B N0 8 cially when this is warm. Decom- 
 posed by boiling with chlorhydric 
 acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 356.) 
 
 CUMOL. Vid. Cumene. 
 
 CUMONITRIL. Vid. Cyanide of Cumenyl. 
 
 CUMOSALICYL. Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 
 CM H w e soluble in boiling water ; more soluble 
 
 in alcohol, especially if this be warm ; 
 
 and still more readily in ether. (Cahours, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 198.) 
 
 CUMOYL. Not isolated. 
 CM HU 
 " CUMYL "( of Kolbe). Vid. Cumenyl. 
 
 C I8 H ll 
 
 CUMYL. Very sparingly soluble in cold, toler- 
 (Cumylide of Cumyl.) ably soluble in boiling al- 
 Cio H 2 , 4 = ^so H u 2 Z I cohol. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. 
 C *>*"^ etPhys., (3.) 39. 220) 
 
 CUMYLBENZOYLSULPHOPHENYLAMID. Scai'CC- 
 (SulphoPhenylBemoylCuminamid.) ly a t all soluble 
 
 n H I* n - IM 5 r M w'YP 2 in water. More 
 
 ^ift HOI r% o Ua = r4 < L/ 14 rle Uo -,., , , , . 
 
 I c H* S 2 4 readily soluble in 
 alcohol than sali- 
 
 cylbenzamic acid. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 more soluble in boiling ether. Difficultly soluble 
 in ammonia-water. (Gerhardt & Chiozza.) 
 
 CUMYLIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 ( Cuminol potassie.) 
 C 20 H u K O, 
 
 CUMYLSALICYLAMID. Vid. SalicylCumylamic 
 Acid. 
 
 CUMYLSULPHOPHENYLAMID. Insoluble in 
 
 i C 20 H n 2 boiling water. Ea- 
 C 32 H 17 N S 2 6 = N j C 12 H s S 2 4 g ;jy so i u ble in boil- 
 ing ammoniacal 
 
 water. Tolerably soluble in cold, very soluble in 
 warm alcohol. 
 
 CUMYLSULPHOPHENYLARGENTAMID. Almost 
 
 t C w H u 2 insoluble in 
 C 32 H 16 AgNS 2 8 =N?C 12 H B s 2 4 boiling water; 
 
 but easily solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. 
 
 CUMYLSULPHOPHENYLARGENT&AMID. Very 
 
 f C 20 H u 2 sparingly sol- 
 r- H A<risr q n _N J c i2 H 5 S 2 4 uble in boil- 
 
 ^32 "19 A E W 2 B 2 '-'O = ''Z > Arr . 
 
 Y; s ing water ; 
 
 more readily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Gerhardt & Chiozza.) 
 
 7WCupR(ze)AMiN. Slowly soluble in chlorhy- 
 
 (Nitride of Cupper.) dric acid. Insoluble in a mixed 
 
 N { Cu 8 aqueous solution of caustic and 
 
 carbonated ammonia. (Berze- 
 
 lius, Lehrb.) 
 
 CupRoCYANiDE OP X. Vid. dt'Cyanidc of 
 Copper and of X. 
 
 CURARIN. Deliquescent. Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether 
 or oil of turpentine. 
 
 CURCUMIN. Insoluble, or but slightly soluble, 
 (Curcumic Acid.) in water. Readily soluble in al- 
 C H 6 3 cohol, ether, and oils. Soluble in 
 
 concentrated acetic acid. Solu- 
 ble in concentrated sulphuric, chlorhydric, and 
 phosphoric acids ; on the addition of water a pre- 
 cipitate is produced in these solutions. Soluble 
 in solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 CUSCONIN. Vid. Aricin. 
 
 CuSFARiN(from Cusparia febrifuga). Sparingly 
 (Angusturin. Galipein.) soluble in water. _ Toler- 
 ably easily soluble in alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in ether or essential oils. Easily 
 soluble in acids. (Saladin.) Soluble in 200 pts. 
 of water. Soluble in acids, and in alkaline solu- 
 tions. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 421.) 
 
 CYAMELID. Insoluble either in hot or in cold 
 (Carbonylamid. Insol- water; but when boiled 
 uble Cyanuric Ac ^ () with water for some time it 
 C 2 H N 0, = N H 2 * is converted into a hydrate 
 which is sparingly soluble 
 in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol, ether, or weak 
 boiling chlorhydric, or nitric acid, or in aqna-regia. 
 Tolerably readily soluble in solutions of the alka- 
 lies, and ammonia. (Liebig.) 
 
 CYAMELURIC ACID. Very difficultly soluble in 
 
 water. Soluble 
 in 420 pts. of water at 17. (Henneberg.) 
 
 CYAWELURATE OF AMMONIA. Efflorescent. 
 Very soluble in water. 
 
 CYAMELURATE OF BARYTA. Very difficultly 
 C 12 Ba 3 N 7 O 6 + Aq soluble in water. 
 
 CYAMELURATE OF COPPER. Ppt. Soluble in 
 ammonia-water. 
 
 CYAMELURATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt 
 
 CYAMELURATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. 
 
 CYAMELURATE OF POTASH. 
 
CYANATES. 
 
 237 
 
 I.) normal. Very easily soluble in boiling wa- 
 Cjs K 3 N 7 O 6 + 6 Aq "ter. Soluble in 7.4 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 18, and 1 @ 2 pts. of 
 boiling water. (Henneberg.) Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. On the addition of acetic or nitric acid to 
 the aqueous solution scales of the acid salt are 
 precipitated. (Liebig.) 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water. Some- 
 C 12 K H 2 N 7 6 + 4 Aq what more soluble in water 
 
 than cyameluric acid. 
 
 CYAMELURATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in wa- 
 C M Agg N 7 OB + 2 Aq ter. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 weak nitric acid. 
 
 CYAMELURATE OF SODA. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CYANAMID. Easily soluble in water ; but on 
 
 H M _ M V Cy evaporating the aqueous solu- 
 
 t H 2 tion an insoluble modification, 
 
 probably melamin, is formed. 
 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. 
 
 DJ'CYANAMID. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 (Mellone of Gerhardt & others.) ether, cold dilute 
 C 4 H N 8 = N 5 j^ 2 acids, or alkaline so- 
 
 lutions. 
 
 TT/CYANAMID. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 (Mellone of Liebig.) ether, cold dilute acids, or alka- 
 C 6 N 4 = N { Cy 8 lin e solutions. (Liebig.) 
 
 CYANAMYL. Vid. Cyanide of Amyl. 
 
 CYANAMYLAMIN. Soluble in ether. (Cahours 
 (CyanAmylamid.) & Cloez.) 
 
 H 
 CYANC^AMYLAMIN. 
 
 CTT Vf 1\T ) ('-'10 "ll/2 
 
 22 22 L '2 ~~ i ' i f 1 V 
 
 CYANANILID. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 (Cyanilid. PhenylCyanamid.) soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Cahours & 
 
 CYANANILIN. Completely insoluble in water. 
 
 (Cyanilin. Cyanide of Anilin.) Nearly insoluble in 
 C 14 H 7 N 2 = N j S 12 HS . C 2 N cold, sparingly solu- 
 ble in boiling alco- 
 hol ; from which solution it separates out as soon 
 as the temperature has fallen a few degrees below 
 the boiling-point. It is not any more, soluble in 
 ether, wood-spirit, bisulphide of carbon, benzin, 
 or the fatty or essential oils, than in alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, the solu- 
 tion undergoing decomposition when heated. Very 
 easily soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid, also sol- 
 uble in dilute sulphuric and other acids, with 
 combination. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. pp. 160, 
 163.) 
 
 CYANIC ACID. Very soluble in water; but 
 C 2 H N O s = Cy 0, H the aqueous solution soon 
 undergoes decomposition. 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CYANATE OF ALLYL. Readily soluble, with 
 
 (Acrylic Cyanate.) decomposition, in wa- 
 
 C 8 H 5 N 2 = C 2 (C 6 H B ) N 0, ter, ammonia-water, 
 
 and other alkaline 
 
 solutions. 
 
 CYANATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 = N H 4 O, Cy ter ; the aqueous solu- 
 tion soon undergoes de- 
 composition, immediately if it be boiled, with 
 formation of urea, with which it is isomeric. 
 
 CYANATE OF AMYL. Soluble, with decom- 
 c w HH 0, Cy position, in ammonia-water. 
 
 CYANATE OF ANiLiN(abnormal). Vid. Phenyl- 
 Carbnmid. 
 
 CYANATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water, the 
 BaO,Cy solution undergoing decomposition when 
 evaporated. Alcohol precipitates it from 
 the aqueous solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 CYANATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 CYANATE OF ETHYL. Instantly decomposed 
 C 2 N (C 4 H 6 ) 2 = C 4 H 5 0, Cy by water. Slowly 
 decomposed by al- 
 cohol at 100. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 ammonia-water. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 42. 47.) [Compare Allophanate of Ethyl.) 
 
 CYANATE OF ETHYLPIPERIDIN. Soluble in 
 (EthylPiperyl Urea.) alcohol. 
 
 C 12 H u (C 4 H 6 ) N 2 2 = N { g*> H H io" . H 0, Cy (Ca- 
 hours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 86.) 
 
 CYANATE of protoxide OF IRON. Very insta- 
 ble. 
 
 CYANATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 PbO, CyO ing water. (Wcehler.) Insoluble, or 
 but sparingly soluble, in alcohol. 
 
 CYANATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 CYANATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 CYANATE OF METHYL. Decomposed by water. 
 CjN(C 2 H 3 )0 2 (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 42. 61.) 
 
 CYANATE OF METHYLPIPERIDIN. Easily 
 
 ( Methyl Piperyl Urea.) soluble in boiling alco- 
 
 C t N[CH u (C > BtfN]0, hoi. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 
 85.) 
 
 CYANATE OF NAPHTHYL. Vid. NaphtoylCar- 
 bamid. 
 
 CYANATE OF PHENYL. Decomposed by wa- 
 (PhenylCarbimid. Carba- ter ; especially when heat- 
 nUe Anilo Cyanic Acid.) ed therewith. Soluble, 
 
 ejH^H^o, with evolution of hcat 
 
 and apparent combination, in alcohol, wood-spirit, 
 fusel-oil, and carbolic acid ; the resulting com- 
 pounds are insoluble in water, but are soluble in 
 all proportions in alcohol, and ether. Decom- 
 posed by acids and by alkaline solutions. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 316.) 
 
 CYANATE OF PIPERIDIN. Soluble in water 
 
 (Piperyl Urea. Piperidic Urea.) and in Strong alco- 
 b., N (C 10 HU N) 2 hol. ( Cahours, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 38. 84.) 
 
 CYANATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 C 2 NK0 2 water. (Wcehler,) Very easily soluble 
 in water, but the solution soon under- 
 goes decomposition on standing, and at once, if 
 it be heated. If the concentrated solution is 
 treated with acetic acid or with a dilute mineral 
 acid, cyannrate of potash separates out. As good 
 as insoluble in absolute alcohol. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) Insoluble in absolute alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, more easily soluble in hot spirit. 
 Alcohol of 82% is best suited to dissolve it, for it 
 is very difficultly soluble in stronger alcohol, and 
 undergoes decomposition when boiled with weaker 
 spirit. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 42. 
 44.) 
 
 CYANATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 C 2 N Ag 2 ingly soluble in boiling water. Read- 
 ily soluble in ammonia-water. Read- 
 ily soluble, with decomposition, in dilute nitric 
 acid. Decomposed by a solution of cyanide of 
 potassium. (Wcehler.) 
 
238 
 
 CYANHYDRATES. 
 
 CYANATE OP SODA. 
 
 CYANATE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water or 
 alcohol. (Berlin.) 
 
 CYANAURIC ACID. Vid. terCyanide of Gold. 
 
 (Auro Cyanic Acid.) 
 AuCy s 
 
 CYANAURATE or AMMONIUM. Very readily 
 N H 4 Cy, Au Cy 3 + 2 Aq soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. As good as insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Himly, Ann. Ch. w. Pharm., 1842, 
 42. 344.) 
 
 CYANAURATE OF POTASSIUM. Efflorescent. 
 K Cy, Au Cy 3 + Aq Soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. ( Himly, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 42. pp. 340, 341.) 
 
 CYANAURATE OF SILVER. Completely insol- 
 Ag Cy, Au Cy s uble in water. Soluble in ammonia- 
 water. Insoluble in nitric acid. 
 (Himly, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 42. pp. 337, 341.) 
 
 CYANETHIN. Very slightly soluble in cold, 
 C 18 II 16 N g tolerably soluble in boiling water. Sol- 
 uble in almost all proportions in alco- 
 hol. Very easily soluble in acids, forming salts 
 which are all soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Kolbe & Frankland, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 71.) 
 
 CYANETHOLIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 v ( C, 0," in all proportions in alco- 
 0. **%-*.{<] hoi, and ether. Soluble 
 in most acids, with combi- 
 nation. (Cloez.) 
 
 CYANETHYLAMID. Vid. EthylCyanamin. 
 
 CYANETHYLANILIN. Vid. EthylCyanAnilin. 
 
 CYANHYDRAMYLIC ETHER. Vid. Cyanid of 
 Amyl. 
 
 CYANHYDRIC ACID. Mixes in all proportions 
 (Hydrocyanic Acid.) with water. Also with alco- 
 C 2 II N H Cy hoi, wood-spirit, ether, volatile 
 oils, and a few other organic 
 compounds. Soluble in oil of copaiba. (Gerber.) 
 Abundantly soluble in caoutchin. (Himly.) 
 
 An aqueous solu- 
 tion of sp. gr. 
 
 0.9570 . 
 
 0.9768 
 
 0.9815 
 
 0.9840 
 
 0.9870 
 
 09890 
 
 0.9900 
 
 0.9914 
 
 0.9923 
 
 0.9930 
 
 0.9940 
 
 0.9945 
 
 0.9952 
 
 0.9958 
 
 0.9964 
 
 0.9967 
 
 0.9970 
 
 0.9973 
 
 0.9974 
 
 0.9975 
 
 0.9978 
 
 0.9979 . 
 
 Contains 
 
 Per cent of Per cent of 
 
 H Cy. acid of 0.957 sp. gr. 
 
 16.0 ... 100 
 
 10.6 66.6 
 
 9.1 57.0 
 8.0 50.0 
 
 7.3 44.4 
 
 6.4 40.0 
 5.8 36.4 
 5.3 33.3 
 5.0 30.0 
 4.6 28.6 
 4.0 25.0 
 
 3.6 22.2 
 
 3.2 20.0 
 
 3.0 18.2 
 
 2.7 16.6 
 
 2.5 15.4 
 
 2.3 14.3 
 
 2.1 13.3 
 2.0 12.5 
 1.77 11.8 
 1.68 10.5 
 1.60 . . 10.0 
 
 (Ure, Qnar. J. Sci., 13. 321 ; Schw. J., 36. 
 
 282 [Gm.].) 
 
 According to Trautwein, a solution of 0.982 sp. gr. 
 at 12.5 contains 10.53% of anhydrous cyanhydric 
 acid. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF BENZIL. Unacted upon by 
 
 C 28 H 10 4 , 2 C, H N boiling water, solutions of 
 
 salts, or concentrated chlorhy- 
 
 dric acid. Easily soluble in boiling alcohol, and 
 ether. (Zinin.) Decomposed by warm ammonia- 
 water, and nitric acid. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF BRUCIN with CYANIDE OF 
 2(N 2 j C 46 H^ 0.", H Cy) ; Fe Cy + 2 Aq IBON. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF BUTYRENE. Vid. Cyanide 
 of Butyl. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF CHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY. 
 Sb C1 5 , 3 H Cy Deliquescent. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. (Klein.) 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN. 
 2 Cy Cl, H Cy Somewhat soluble in water. De- 
 composed by much water. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF sesyuiCHLORiDE OF IRON. 
 Fe s Cl 8 ,2HCy Deliquescent. (Klein.) 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF ^'CHLORIDE OF TIN. De- 
 Sn C1 2 , H Cy ? composes in moist air ; also decom- 
 posed by water, with evolution of 
 heat. (Klein.) 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF &*CHLORIDE OF TITANIUM. 
 Ti CI 2 , H Cy Soluble in water, with evolution of 
 heat. If but little water be used cy- 
 anhydric acid is evolved. (Wcehler.) 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF <&CYANNAPHTYL&ZAMIN. 
 (DiCyanNaphtylamin.) Insoltl- 
 
 C H 17 N s = N 2 1 C9> H ' (C * N)a " ( , H C 2 N ble in 
 
 water. 
 Tolerably easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF CYANOCODEIN. Soluble in 
 (biCyanide ofCodein.) absolute alcohol, and ill a 
 N { p 86 ,^ 20 6 ", H C 2 N mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 Also soluble in dilute alco- 
 hol, but with decomposition. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF HARMALIN. Permanent. 
 (HydroCyanHarmalin.) Decomposed by boiling with 
 C 26 H 14 N 2 2 , H Cy water or alcohol. Soluble 
 in warm alcohol. Soluble 
 in most acids ; but almost insoluble in acetic 
 acid. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF HYDRIDE OF BENZOYL. 
 c i H e 2> H c y ^ ei 7 sparingly soluble in water. 
 Readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Voelkel, Pogg. Ann., 62. 444 [K.].) 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF METHYLENE. Vid. Cya- 
 nide of Methyl. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF NITRAZOPHENYLAMIN 
 
 2 (Cu H 7 (N 4 ) N 2 , H Cy, Pt Cy) + 6 Aq with proto- 
 
 CHLORIDB 
 
 OF PLATINUM. Soluble in water, with partial 
 decomposition. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF NITRAZOPHENYLAMIN 
 2(N2 jCH 3 (N0 4 )<'j HCy . ptCy)+5Aq withg* 
 
 NIDE OF 
 
 PLATINUM. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF NITROHARMALIN. Perma- 
 
 C M H 18 (N 4 ) N, 2 , H Cy nent. Decomposed by 
 
 boiling with water ; also 
 
 decomposed by ammonia- water, and by an aque- 
 ous solution of potash. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF NITROHARMIN with proto- 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF PLATOSAMIN. Vid. Cya- 
 nide of Platin(os)ammonium. 
 
 CYANHYDRATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 "CYANIC ETHER "(formerly). Vid. Allopba- 
 nate of Ethyl. 
 
CYANIDES. 
 
 239 
 
 CYANIC ETHER. Vid. Cyanate of Ethyl. 
 
 CYANIDES. The alkaline cyanides are all sol- 
 uble in water, the cyanides of the alkaline earths 
 and protocyanide of mercury are also soluble, but 
 the other metallic cyanides are insoluble in water. 
 (Gerhardt, Tr.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ALUMINUM & protoCyanide OF 
 PLATINUM. Easily deliquesces. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Quadrat.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Very soluble in 
 N H 4 Cy water, and alcohol. The aqueous solu- 
 tion soon undergoes decomposition. 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF COPPER(CU.,). 
 
 I.) NH 4 Cy;Cu 2 Cy Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter ; decomposed by long 
 
 ebullition therein. Soluble in cyanhydric acid. 
 (Dufau.) 
 
 II.) N H 4 Cy ; 2 Cu 3 Cy + Aq Ppt. Decomposed 
 by acids. 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF GOLD. 
 I.) N H 4 Cy ; Au Cy Very easily soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. Almost 
 completely insoluble in ether. (Himly, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1842, 42. 342.) 
 II.) N H 4 Cy ; Au Cy 3 + 2 Aq Vid. CyanAurate 
 of Ammonium. 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MERCURY(Hg). 
 Very soluble in water. (Pean de St. Gilles, Ann. 
 Ch. el Phys., (3.) 36. 93.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF NICKEL. Ea- 
 2NH 4 Cy;NiCy sily decomposed. 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & protoCyanide OF 
 PLATINUM. 
 
 I.) NH 4 Cy ; PtCy Quickly efflorescent. Sol- 
 uble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 II. ) white hydrate. 
 N H 4 Cy ; Pt Cy + Aq 
 
 III.) yellow hydrate. Soluble in about 1 pt. of 
 N H 4 Cy ; Pt Cy + 2 Aq water ; more readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Schafa- 
 rik.) 
 
 IV.) 6 N H 4 Cy ; 6 Pt Cy Soluble in water. (Qua- 
 drat.) Does not exist. 
 (Schafarik.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF ZINC. Efflo- 
 NH 4 Cy;ZnCy rescent. Imperfectly soluble in 
 cold water, cyanide of zinc sepa- 
 rating out. Very sparingly soluble in spirit of 
 40 B. Completely soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Corriol & Berthemot, J. de Pharm., 1830, 16. 
 446.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF AMYL. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 
 C 12 H U N = C 10 H u , Cy ter. Less soluble than 
 
 cyanide of ethyl in water. 
 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol. (Frankland 
 
 & Kolbe.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ANILIN. Vid. CyanAnilin. 
 CYANIDE OF ANTIMONY. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of cyanide of potassium. (Gore.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ARGENTAMMONIUM & OF SIL- 
 N | ? 3 .Cy ; Ag Cy VER. Decomposes in the air. 
 
 CYANIDE OF ARGENTAMMONIUM & OF PLATI- 
 N ( H 3 c pt c NUM. Insoluble in waic-r. 
 
 \ Ag- ' > Slowly soluble in a large quan- 
 tity of ammonia-water. Un- 
 acted on by boiling mineral acids. (Knop & 
 Schnedermann.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ARSENIC & OF IRON? Insolu- 
 ble in water. (Inner. ) 
 
 CYANIDE OF BARIUM. Somewhat difficultly 
 Ba C 2 N soluble in water. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in water. (Schulz.) Very 
 soluble in water. Also soluble in boiling recti- 
 fied spirit. (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, 
 (3.) 4. 96.) The aqueous solution suffers decom- 
 position when boiled. 
 
 CYANIDE OF BARIUM & OF COPPER( Cu 2 ). Sol- 
 uble in water. (Meillet.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF BARIUM & OF NICKEL. 
 2 Ba Cy ; Ni Cy 
 
 CYANIDE OF BARIUM & protoCyanide OF 
 Ba Cy ; Pt Cy PLATINUM. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Schafarik.) Quadrat 
 gives the composition of this salt as 6 Ba Cy ; 5 
 Pt Cy + 22 Aq., and says that it is soluble in 33 
 pts. of cold, and more readily in hot water. 
 
 CYANIDE OF BARIUM & OF ZINC. Very slow- 
 BaCy;2ZnCy ly soluble in water. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF BENZOYL. Insoluble in water; 
 C u H 2 , Cy but is slowly decomposed when in 
 contact with either hot or cold wa- 
 ter. (Liebig & Wcehler.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF BENZYL. Vid. Cyanide of To- 
 luenyl. 
 
 CYANIDE OF BISMUTH. Ppt. Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium, but 
 soluble in acids. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF BISMUTH & OF COPPER(CUZ). 
 Ppt. Decomposed by acids. (Ittner.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF BISMUTH & OF IRON. Ppt. In- 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of the ammonia salts. 
 Soluble in nitric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 by water. 
 
 CYANIDE OF BISMUTH & protoCyanide OF 
 PLATINUM. Ppt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF BUTYL. Soluble in about 4 vols. 
 
 ( Valeronitril. Cyanhydrate of o f water, and in all 
 Butyrene. Cyanide of Tetryl.) proportions in ftlcoho j 
 C 10 H,N =C 8 H 9 ,C 2 N / ether . (Gnckel- 
 
 berger.) Tolerably soluble in water. (Schlie- 
 per.) Scarcely at all soluble in water. (Schwa- 
 nert.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CACODYL. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 6 H 6 As N = C 4 H g As, Cy water. Very readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, * and 
 ether. 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM. Permanent. Very 
 Cd Cy sparingly soluble in water. Easily soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of cyanide of 
 potassium ; and, with decomposition, in acids. 
 (Schueler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 47.) Solu- 
 ble in warm ammonia-water, but insoluble in so- 
 lutions of the ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) 
 
 The above is the ordinary normal salt, but Rammelsberg 
 describes another cyanide of cadmium, which is soluble in 
 water : this is probably an acid salt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF COPPER(CU). 
 2 Cd Cy ; Cu Cy Very unstable. ( Schueler. ) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF CoppER(Cua). 
 2 Cd Cy ; Cu s Cy Permanent. Very sparingly 
 soluble in cold, more soluble in 
 boiling water. 
 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble in warm concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid, and is destroyed only after 
 long-continued boiling therewith ; it is but slightly 
 acted upon by cold chlorhydric acid. Insoluble in 
 
240 
 
 CYANIDES. 
 
 solutions of the ammoniacal salts, or in boiling 
 ammonia-water. (Schueler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. 49.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF IRON. Ppt. 
 CdCy; Fe Cy 2 ? 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 Cd Cy ; 2 Pb Cy 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF MERCURY(Hg). 
 
 2 Cd Cy ; 3 Hg Cy Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 
 cold water. Decomposed by 
 
 dilute acids. (Schueler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 
 
 54.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF NICKEL. Solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of cyanide of potas- 
 sium, and in acids. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 Cd Cy ; K Cy Permanent. Soluble in 3 pts. of 
 
 cold, and 1 pt. of boiling water. 
 
 Not perceptibly soluble in absolute alcohol. (Ram- 
 
 melsberg.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CADMIUM & OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of mixed cyanide 
 of cadmium and cyanide of potassium. 
 
 CYANIDE OF CALCIUM. Soluble in water, the 
 Ca C 2 N solution undergoing decomposition when 
 evaporated. 
 
 CYANIDE OF CALCIUM & OF GOT/D. Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of cyanide of calcium. 
 (Scheele.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CALCIUM & OF NICKEL. Soluble 
 2 Ca Cy ; Ni Cy in water. ( Wcenler.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CALCIUM & protoCyanide OF 
 Ca Cy, Pt Cy + 5 Aq PLATINUM. Easily soluble 
 in water. ( Quadrat. ) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CALCIUM & OF SILVER. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of nitrate of silver ; in this 
 solution neither chloride of ammonium nor chlor- 
 hydric acid produces any precipitate. (Scheele.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CALCIUM & OF ZINC. Tolerably 
 soluble in water. (Schindler.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 
 CeCjN 
 
 CYANIDE OF CETYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 82 Has u a N Easily soluble in hot ordinary alcohol 
 and in ether. (Becker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 102. 213.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF 
 
 (Isomeric with ChlorAcetunitrile.) 
 C 4 Cl 3 N=<:jCl3, C, N 
 
 CYANIDE OF CHLOROPHENYL. Insoluble in 
 (ChloraBemoNitril.) water. Easily solu- 
 
 C 14 H 4 Cl N = C 12 H 4 Cl, C 2 N ble in alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 PrOtoCYANIDE OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. Insoluble 
 
 Cr, C 2 N in an aqueous solution of cyanide of 
 potassium. 
 
 SesgwCYANiDE OK CHROMIUM. Insoluble in 
 Cr 2 "', (C 2 N) 3 water, alcohol, or an aqueous solution 
 of cyanide of potassium ; but soluble 
 in an excess of a solution of sesquichloride of 
 chromium. When recently precipitated it is solu- 
 ble in dilute acids, even in acetic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 Insoluble in water. Slowly soluble in cold water 
 acidulated with nitric acid. (F. & E. Rodgers, 
 Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 101.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CINNAMYL. Decomposed by 
 C 18 H 7 2 , C 2 N water. 
 
 CYANIDE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Co C 2 N + 2 Aq Soluble, with combination, in an 
 aqueous solution of cyanide of 
 potassium. (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, 
 (3.) 4. 100 ; Haidlen & Fresenius.) Readily sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water, and in aqueous solutions 
 of carbonate of ammonia and succinate of ammo- 
 nia ; but insoluble in solutions of sulphate or ni- 
 trate of ammonia or chloride of ammonium. 
 (Wittstein.) 
 
 II.) sesqui. Known only in combination. 
 
 III.) | basic. Ppt. (Gmelin.) 
 3 Co Cy ; Co 2 Cy 3 
 
 CYANIDE OF COBALT & OF COPPER(CU). 
 Ppt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF COBALT & OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 Co Cy ; Ni Cy Unacted upon by boiling chlorhy- 
 dric acid (1) 
 
 CYANIDE OF COBALT & OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 Co Cy ; Ag Cy 
 
 CYANIDE OF COBALTAMMONIUM & protocy- 
 N I HS C Pt C an ide OF PLATINUM. Insolu- 
 
 fCo' y ' y uble in pure water; but solu- 
 ble in water which contains 
 ammonia, on boiling. 
 
 Pro/oCYANiDE OF COPPER. Easily decom- 
 Cu, C 2 N posed. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of cyanide 
 of potassium, carbonate of ammonia, and caustic 
 ammonia. (Gore.) Soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 from which it is reprecipitated on the addition of 
 water. Soluble in an aqueous solution of cyanide 
 of potassium. (F. & E. Blbdgers, Phil. Mag., 
 1834, (3.) 4. 100.) 
 
 Z)CYANIDE OF COPPER.- Permanent. Insol- 
 Cu 2 . C 2 N uble in water. Soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid, from 'which solution it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of water (L. Gmelin), or of 
 potash. (Vauquelin.) Insoluble in warm dilute 
 sulphuric acid. Decomposed by nitric acid. 
 
 Soluble in dilute acids. (Gerhardt.) Soluble 
 in ammonia-water (Vauquelin), and in aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline cyanides. 
 
 Also in aqueous solutions of carbonate and suc- 
 cinate of ammonia, and in hot solutions of sul- 
 phate and nitrate of ammonia and chloride of 
 ammonium. (Wittstein.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF COPPER & tfrCYANIDE OF 
 
 COPPER. 
 
 I.) Cu Cy ; Cu 2 Cy + 6 Aq Decomposed when 
 boiled with water. 
 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of cyanide of 
 potassium, carbonate of ammonia, and in hot 
 solutions of other ammoniacal salts, also in ammo- 
 nia-water. (Wittstein.) Soluble in cold chlor- 
 hydric acid; in this solution water produces a 
 precipitate. Decomposed by hot chlorhydric and 
 nitric acids. 
 
 II. ) Cu Cy ; 2 Cu 2 Cy + Aq Ppt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF COPPER & OF CUPR(ZC)AMMO- 
 
 I.) C 4 H 3 N 3 Cu 3 + Aq = NIUM. Permanent. 
 
 Cu 2 Cy;,N$ u , Cy + Aq Slightly soluble in 
 
 < u cold, decomposed by 
 
 boiling water. Readily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 (Dufau.) 
 
 II.) C 6 H s N 4 Cu 5 + Aq = 2 Cu 2 Cy ; N 5 ***, Cy + Aq 
 nt. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 III.) C 6 H 6 N 4 Cu s , & + Aq 
 Cu 2 Cy ; N 2 J ^ . H, Cy 
 
 Insoluble in cold, 
 decomposed by 
 boilingwater. Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of carbonate of ammo- 
 nia and caustic ammonia. Decomposed by di- 
 
CYANIDES. 
 
 241 
 
 lute acids and by solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Liebig & Hilkenkamp, Ann, Ch. u. Pharm., 97. 
 218.) 
 
 IV.) C 8 H 8 N 6 Cu 5 & + 2Aq = 
 
 V.) C 4 H N 5 Cu 3 = Cu 2 Cy ; N 3 j gj. H , Cy 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF COPPER & OF GOLD. Ppt. 
 
 Z>CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 IRON. Ppt. Decomposed by acids, which dis- 
 solve out the dicyanide of copper. (Ittner.) 
 
 A'CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 LEAD. Ppt. Decomposed by acids. (Ittner.) 
 
 Z>/CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 Z)t'CYANiDE OF COPPER & sesquiCyanide OF 
 MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 DI'CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 NICKEL. Ppt. 
 
 ProtoCYANii>E OF COPPER & OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 Soluble in ammonia-water. (F. & E. Rodgers.) 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF COPPER & OF PLATINUM. 
 
 Cu Cy, Pt Cy Insoluble in water. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Quadrat.) Unacted 
 upon by dilute acids. (Schafarik.) 
 
 Z)iCYANiDE OF COPPER & proto Cyanide OF PO- 
 TASSIUM. 
 (Cupro Cyanide of Potassium.) 
 
 I.) Cu 2 Cy ; K Cy Sparingly soluble in water, 
 with separation of some di- 
 cyanide of copper. Rammelsberg supposes this 
 solvent action of the water to depend entirely on 
 the presence of No. 2, in a hot solution of which 
 the compound now under consideration is soluble 
 to a considerable extent. From such a solution 
 it crystallizes out before any of compound No. 2 
 separates. 
 
 Neither decomposed nor altered by alkaline 
 solutions. Acids decompose it, precipitating di- 
 cyanide of copper, which is finally re-dissolved, 
 with decomposition, when more acid is added. 
 
 II.) Cu 2 Cy ; 3 K Cy Permanent. Readily solu- 
 ble in water. The solution 
 is decomposed on the addition of acids. 
 III.) 3 Cu 2 Cy ; 2 K Cy 
 
 A'CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 SILVER. 
 
 I.) Cu 2 Cy; AgCy Ppt. 
 
 II.) Cu 2 Cy; 3AgCy Ppt. Soluble in an ex- 
 cess of a solution of di- 
 
 cyanide of copper with protocyanide of potassium 
 (No. 2.) (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF COPPER & OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 Cu Cy ; Ag Cy Sparingly soluble in ammonia- 
 water. Decomposed by acids. 
 (Ittner.) 
 
 A'CYANIDE OF COPPER & OF SODIUM. Per- 
 manent. Soluble in water. (Meillet.) 
 
 A'CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 TIN. Ppt. 
 
 A'CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 URANIUM. Ppt. 
 
 Di CYANIDE OF COPPER & protoCyanide OF 
 ZINC. Ppt. Decomposed by acids. (Ittner.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF COPPER with NITRATE OF SIL- 
 VER. Insoluble in water. (Wcehler.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF CUMENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 31 
 
 (Isomeric, or identical with Cumonitril.) Soluble in all 
 C 20 H u N = C 18 HH, C, N proportions in 
 
 alcohol, and 
 ether. (Field.) 
 CYANIDE OF CUPR(IC)AMMONIUM & OF CUPB- 
 
 (eOUS)AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) C 4 H 6 N 4 Cu 3 = (N H 3 Cu) Cy; (N H 3 Cu 2 ) Cy Per- 
 
 ma- 
 
 nent. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble in 
 warm ammonia-water. (Dufau.) 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF CuPR(zc)AMMONIUM & OF 
 
 N . 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF CUPR(l'c)AMMONIUM & OF 
 
 ( H T l H, PLATIN(OUSAMMO- 
 
 ' <*' N * . Cy + Aq 
 
 ble in water, alco- 
 hol, and ether. Decomposed by acids. (Quadrat.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ETHYL. Rather soluble in water. 
 (Metacetonitrile.) Insoluble in a satu- 
 
 (Isomeric with Proprionitrile.) rated aqueous solu- 
 
 H 6 N = C 4 H 5 ,Cy tjon of chloride O f 
 
 sodium. (Frankland & Kolbe.) Soluble in all 
 proportions in alcohol and ether. (Pelouze.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ETHYL & OF PLATINUM. Very 
 C 8 H 7 N 2 Pt 2 = C 4 H 5 , C 2 N ; Pt C 2 N + 2 Aq easily de- 
 composed 
 
 by water. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold al- 
 cohol. Partially soluble in ether, (v. Thann.) 
 CYANIDE OF ETHYLAMMONIDM & OF PLATI- 
 , H NUM. Very readily soluble 
 
 I C 4 H 5 ' Cy> n Cy in water, and alcohol, (v. 
 
 Thann.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ETHYLAMMONIUM & OF SILVER. 
 C 4 H 5 , C 2 N ; Ag C 2 N Soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 in cold water. (E. Meyer.) 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF IRON & OF GOLD. Ppt. 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF GOLD. Permanent. Insol- 
 Au C 2 N uble in water, alcohol, or ether. (Figuier.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of cyanide 
 of potassium. Unacted upon by sulphuric, chlor- 
 hydric, or nitric acids, or by aqua-regia, even when 
 these are boiling. (Figuier.) Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water, and in an aqueous solution of hyposul- 
 phite of soda. (Glassford & Napier.) 
 
 Completely insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 Neither dissolved nor altered by the strongest 
 acids. Unacted upon in the cold, but is dissolved, 
 with partial decomposition, by long-continued 
 boiling, in concentrated potash-lye. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of cyanide of potassium and the 
 other soluble cyanides, with combination. Slowly 
 dissolved by an aqueous solution of sulphide of 
 ammonium. (Himly, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1842, 
 42. pp. 158, 161.) When recently precipitated, it 
 is slightly soluble in sulphuric, chlorhydric, and 
 nitric acids. (Glassford & Napier.) Unacted 
 upon by cold, partially decomposed by boiling 
 caustic potash. 
 
 JerCYANiDE OF GOLD. Permanent. Soluble 
 (Aura Cyanhydric Acid.) in all proportions in water ; 
 Au Cy 8 + 6 Aq and almost as readily in ab- 
 
 solute alcohol, and ether. 
 Melts in its water of crystallization, at 50. The 
 aqueous solution undergoes partial decomposition 
 when evaporated. (Himly, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1842,42.338.) 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF GOLD & OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF GOLD & OF MANGANESE. 
 Ppt. 
 
 ProtoCYANiDE OF GOLD & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
242 
 
 CYANIDES. 
 
 Au Cy ; ~K Cy Permanent. Soluble in 7 pts. of cold, 
 and in less than 0.5 pt. of boiling 
 water. (Himly, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1842, 42. 
 pp. 160, 161.) Soluble in 4 pts. of cold, and in 
 0.8 pt. of boiling water. (Glassford & Napier.) 
 Only sparingly soluble in cold, somewhat more 
 soluble in boiling alcohol ; being the more soluble 
 in alcohol in proportion as this contains more 
 water. Insoluble in ether. Decomposed by warm 
 chlorhydric acid. (Himly, loc. cit., p. 161.) Also 
 decomposed by sulphuric and nitric acids, and 
 even by oxalic, tartaric, and acetic acids at a boil- 
 ing heat. (G. &N.) 
 
 JerCYANiDE OP GOLD & protoCyanide OF 
 K Cy, Au Cy 3 POTASSIUM. Vid. CyanAurate of 
 Potassium. 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF GOLD & OF SILVER.. Ppt. 
 Au Cy ; Ag Cy 
 
 TVCYANiDE OF GOLD & protoCyanide OF SIL- 
 Ag Cy, Au Cy s VER. Vid. CyanAurate of Silver. 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF GOLD & OF TlN. Ppt. 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF GOLD & OF ZlNC. Ppt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF HYDRARGETHYL. Vid. Cyanide 
 of Mercur(ot<s)Ethyl. 
 
 CYANIDE OF ozwIoDoMETHYL. 
 C 4 HI 2 N = C 2 H I 2 ,Cy 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF IRIDIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. (Doebereiner.) 
 IrCy 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 IT Cy, H Cy (Do3bereiner, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 
 1003.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF IRIDIUM & OF MERCURY. Insolu- 
 Ir Cy, Hg Cy ble in water, or in warm dilute nitric 
 acid. (Doebereiner, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 1003.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF IRON. Ppt. Insoluble in, 
 Fe Cy and unacted upon by, dilute chlorhydric 
 or sulphuric acids. Decomposed by boil- 
 ing with concentrated chlorhydric acid. Soluble, 
 with combination, in alkaline liquors. 
 
 /SesoiuCYANiDE OF IRON. 
 
 a = ordinary modification. Known only in aque- 
 ous solution, which is decomposed when evapo- 
 rated to dryness. 
 
 b = green modification. Insoluble in water, or 
 Fe 2 Cy 3 + 3 Aq alcohol. ( Posselt. ) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF IRON & OF NlCKEL. Ppt. 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF IllON & OF PLATINUM. Ppt. 
 
 SesguiCYANiDE OF IRON & protoCyanide OF 
 PLATINUM. Ppt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF IRON & OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 Fe, Sn, Cy s (?) ammonia-water, and in solutions of 
 ammoniacal salts. (Wittsteln.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Pb Cy ( Scheele.) Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 soluble in hot water. Soluble in nitric 
 acid. (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 
 100.) Insoluble in an aqueous solution of cyanide of 
 calcium. (Scheele.) Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of cyanide of potassium. 
 
 Insoluble in a solution of cyanide of potassium. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 nitric and acetic acids. Partially soluble in am- 
 monia-water, and in aqueous solutions of carbon- 
 ate and nitrate of ammonia, more soluble in solu- 
 tions of chloride of ammonium and succinate of 
 ammonia. (Wittstein.) It is not precipitated from 
 solutions which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF LEAD & OF MERCURY(Hg). 
 
 Pb Cy ; Hg Cy (?) Ppt. 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF LEAD & OF NlCKEL 
 
 2 Pb Cy ; Ni Cy Soluble in nitric acid. (F. & E. 
 
 Rodgers.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF LEAD & OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF LEAD & OF ZlNC. Ppt. 
 
 Pb Cy ; 2 Zn Cy Decomposed by washing. 
 
 CYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Soluble in water, 
 Mg C 2 N but the solution cannot be evaporated by 
 the aid of heat without decomposition. 
 (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 93.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF PLATI- 
 Mg-Cy, Pt Cy + 7 Aq NUM. Soluble in water. Tol- 
 erably soluble in hot, less solu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. (Quadrat.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in 
 Mn Cy water. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 
 alkaline cyanides. (Ittner.) 
 Sesgro'CYANiDE OF MANGANESE. Known only 
 Mn 2 Cy s in combination with other cyanides. 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF MANGANESE & OF POTAS- 
 
 Mn Cy ; 2 K Cy SIUM. 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF MANGANESE & OF SlLVER. 
 
 Mn Cy ; Ag Cy Ppt. Decomposed by chlorhydric 
 acid. (Ittner.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCUR(OMS)ETHYL. Sparingly 
 C 4 H 5 Hg 2 , C 2 N soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Dunhaupt.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. 100 pts. of the aque- 
 Hg Cy ous solution saturated at its boiling tem- 
 perature (101.1) contains 35 pts. of the 
 dry salt; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 53.846 pts. 
 of it at 101.1; or 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble 
 in 1.8571 pts. of water at 101.1. (T. Griffiths, 
 Qiiar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) Soluble in 8 pts. of 
 water at 15.5; the saturated solution containing 
 12% of it. Soluble in 8 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in CanstatCs Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) Tol- 
 erably soluble in water; less easily soluble in 
 spirit, and nearly insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 1 1 pts. of cold, and in 2.5 pts. of boiling 
 water ; in 20 pts. of cold, and in 5 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol. It is not decomposed by any of the oxy- 
 gen acids, excepting hot concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, or by aqueous solutions of the caustic alka- 
 lies. The hydrogen acids decompose it. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of cyanide of potassium. Soluble, with combina- 
 tion, in aqueous solutions of the alkaline chlorides. 
 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in nitric acid. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. OxyCyanide of Mercury. 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY & OF X. Vid. Cyano- 
 Mercurate of X. 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with FERROCYANIDK 
 
 3 Hg Cy ; K 2 Fe Cy 3 + 4 Aq OF POTASSIUM. Readily 
 
 soluble in water. (Kane.) 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with FORMIATE OF 
 
 Hg Cy ; C 2 H (N H 4 ) O 4 AMMONIA. 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with FORMIATE OF 
 Hg Cy ; C a H K O 4 POTASH. Easily soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Winkler.)" 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with HYPOSULPHITE 
 HgCy;KO,S 2 O 2 OF POTASH. Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Kessler.) 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with IODIDE OF BA- 
 2HgCy; BaI + 4 Aq RIUM. Slowly deliquesces. 
 Soluble in 16.5 pts. of cold 
 water, and very easily soluble in boiling water. 
 Soluble in 22. 5 'pts. of cold, and in 1.6 pts. of hot 
 
CYANIDES. 
 
 alcohol of 90%. On boiling, the solutions turn yel- 
 low, and a little carbonate of baryta separates out. 
 (Ouster, in Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 CYANIDE OP MERCURY with IODIDE OF CAL- 
 
 2 Hg Cy; Cal + 5 Aq CIUM. Slightly efflorescent. 
 
 Very soluble in water. 
 
 (Poggiale.) More permanent than either the 
 barium or strontium salt. More readily soluble 
 than the strontium salt. (Ouster.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with IODIDE OF Po- 
 2 Hg Cy ; K I TASSiuM. Permanent. Soluble in 
 16 pts. of cold water, and in less 
 hot water. (Caillot.) Soluble in 96 pts. of cold 
 alcohol of 34 B. (Caillot.) Slightly soluble in 
 ether. (Souville.) Decomposed by acids. 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with IODIDE OF So- 
 2 Hg Cy ; Na I + 4 Aq DiUM. Soluble in 4.5 pts. of 
 cold water ; very ea- 
 sily soluble in boiling water. Soluble in 6.5 pts. 
 of cold, and in 2 pts. of hot alcohol of 90%. 
 (Custer.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with IODIDE OF 
 2Hg Cy; Sri + 6 Aq STRONTIUM. Much more 
 soluble in water than the 
 corresponding barium salt. (Custer.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with NITRATE of 
 Hg Cy ; Hg 2 0, N 5 dinoxide OF MERCURY. Read- 
 ily soluble in water. (John- 
 ston.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with NITRATE of pro- 
 Hg Cy ; Hg O, N 5 + 2 Aq toxide OF MERCURY. 
 (Desfosses.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with NITRATE OF SIL- 
 2 Hg Cy ; Ag 0, N 5 + 8 Aq VER. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold, much more 
 
 readily soluble in hot water. About as soluble in 
 alcohol as in water. Soluble, without decom- 
 position, in boiling nitric acid. Decomposed by 
 chlorhydric acid. (Wcehler.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with OXALATE of di- 
 
 4(HgC 2 N); Hg 2 0,C 2 O 3 noxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 very soluble in boiling water. The aqueous solu- 
 tion is decomposed by long-continued ebullition. 
 (Saint-Evre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. 461.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with STRYCHNINE. 
 
 2 Hg Cy ; C 12 H 22 N 2 4 Somewhat soluble in water, 
 
 and in alcohol. Insoluble 
 
 in ether. (Abel & Nicholson, J. Cfi. Soc., 2. 
 
 260.)- 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHOCYANIDE 
 
 2 He Cy Cy j s OF BARIUM. Very easily solu- 
 
 ' B a i 2 ble in boiling water, from which 
 
 it crystallizes out as the solution 
 
 cools. (Bceckmann, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 22. 
 
 pp. 153, 156.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHOCYANIDE 
 Vjg OF CALCIUM. Very easily solu- 
 a \ *"* ble in boiling water, from which 
 it crystallizes on cooling. (Bccck- 
 mann, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 22. pp. 153, 157.) 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHOCYANIDE 
 2HgCy; C vjs OF MAGNESIUM. Very easily 
 ' M 8 ( 2 soluble in boiling water, from 
 which it crystallizes out on cool- 
 ing. (Boeckmann, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 22. 
 pp. 153, 155.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHOCYANIDE 
 
 2 Hg Cy Cy } s OF POTASSIUM. Sparingly sol- 
 
 ' K > 2 uble in cold, very soluble in hot 
 
 water. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 
 
 1814, p. 552.) Very easily soluble in boiling 
 water, from which it crystallizes out on cooling. 
 (Bceckmann, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 22. 153.) 
 CYANIDE OF METHYL. Miscible with water 
 
 (Nitride of Acetyl. Cyanhydrate j n all proportions. 
 fo^rllf' Isomeric lh Ace ~ (Dumas; Malaguti 
 C 4 H 3 N = C 2 H 3 , Cy & Leblanc.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in water. 
 Ni Cy Soluble in ammonia-water ; in aqueous 
 solutions of cyanide of potassium (F. & 
 E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 100) ; of 
 carbonate of ammonia and in warm solutions of 
 sulphate and succinate of ammonia. Imperfectly 
 soluble in solutions of chloride of ammonium, 
 and nitrate of ammonia. Insoluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric, nitric, or chlorhydric acids ; but 
 is decomposed when heated therewith. ( Wittstein.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF NICKEL & OF POTASSIUM. Sol- 
 Ni Cy ; K Cy + Aq uble in water. Decomposed 
 by sulphuric, nitric, and chlor- 
 hydric acids, cyanide of nickel being precipitated. 
 (Compare F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 
 4. 97.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF NICKEL & OF SILVER. Soluble 
 Ni Cy ; Ag Cy in ammonia-water. Insoluble in 
 nitric acid. (F. & E. Rodgers.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF NICKEL & OF SODIUM. 
 Ni Cy ; Na Cy + 3 Aq 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF NlCKELAMMONIUM & OF 
 
 PLATINUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. 
 
 b hydrated. 
 
 CYANIDE OF NITROPHENYL. Tolerably sol- 
 
 (NitroBenzoNitril.) uble in boiling, less 
 
 C 14 H 4 N 2 4 = C 12 H 4 (N 4 ), Cy soluble in cold water. 
 
 Soluble in concen- 
 
 trated acids, from which solution it is precipitated 
 on the addition of water. 
 
 CYANIDE OF PALLADAMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 
 i H S r boiling, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 { Pd ' y Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 CYANIDE OF PALLADIUM. Insoluble, or very 
 Pd Cy slightly soluble, in water. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium, in di- 
 lute acids, and in ammonia- water. 
 
 JBi'CYANiDE OF -PALLADIUM. 
 PdCy 2 
 
 CYANIDE OF PALLADIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 Pd Cy ; K Cy -f 3 Aq Efflorescent. 
 
 CYANIDE OF PALLADIUM with NITRATE OF 
 PALLADIUM. Ppt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF PHENYL. Soluble in 100 pts. of 
 (Benwnitril.) water at 100; less soluble 
 
 C 14 H s N = Cu, H 6 , Cy in cold water. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CYANIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Soluble in water 
 with decomposition. (Cenedella.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF PLATIN(OWS)?M'AMIN & OF PLATI- 
 
 (Cyanide of Platosammonium NUM. Insoluble in 
 (ofUeiset). f'yanide ofPlati- watpr T)iq<, o ] vos ol nw 
 num If ofdiPlatosammonium.) W i ; -i- 
 
 ly in boiling ammo- 
 N 2 j H 6 . py , Cy ; Pt Cy nia-water, and crystal- 
 
 lizes therefrom with- 
 
 out alteration. (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et Pltys., (3.) 
 11. 426.) Slightly soluble in cold, much more 
 readily soluble in boiling water. Soluble, without 
 decomposition in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 
244 
 
 CYANIDES. 
 
 potash, in chlorhydric acid, and in dilute sulphuric 
 acid. Decomposed by concentrated nitric, or sul- 
 phuric, acid. (Buckton, J. Ch. /Sbc.,4. pp. 27, 33.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF PLATIN(OWS)AMMONITJM. Much 
 ( Cyanide of Platosammonium. Am.- more soluble in 
 monio protoCyanide of Platinum. water an( J ; n am . 
 Cyanhydrate of Plalosamine.) water, an 
 
 < H moma-water.tnan 
 
 N j Pt< ' Cy the cyanide of 
 
 platin(ows)6z'amin 
 & of platinum. (Buckton, J. Ch. Soc., 4. 34.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE or PLATINUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water, in solutions of 
 PI Cy the alkalies, or in acids. (Doebereiner.) 
 When recently prepared, some samples of it 
 are soluble in ammonia-water and in a solution 
 of cyanide of ammonium ; other samples are in- 
 soluble in these liquids. (Knop & Schnedermann.) 
 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 PtCy, HCy ter and in absolute alcohol. (Reiset, 
 in Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 983.) 
 
 OF PLATINUM. Vid. Platino- 
 SesquiCyanhydric Acid. 
 
 SesquiCf ANIDE OF PLATINUM with X. Vid. 
 PlatinoSesquiCyanide of X. 
 
 B/CYANIDE OF PLATINUM. Known only in 
 combination with other cyanides. Vid. Cyano- 
 Platinates. 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF POTAS- 
 
 Pt Cy, K Cy + 3 Aq siUM. Efflorescent. Abun- 
 dantly soluble in warm, much 
 less soluble in cold water. Soluble in sulphuric 
 acid. Decomposed by nitric acid. Soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF SlLVER. 
 
 Pt Cy, Ag Cy Insoluble in water. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Buckton.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF QUININE. 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 4 , 2 (II Cy, Pt Cy) + 2 Aq 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 Pt Cy ; Na Cy + 3 Aq Soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Quadrat.) 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF STRON- 
 
 Pt Cy i Sr Cy + 5 Aq TIUM. Soluble in water. 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF ZlNC. Ppt. 
 ProtoCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF ZlNCAM- 
 N { "^ . Cy ; Pt Cy + Aq MONIUM. 
 
 CYANIDE OF PLATOSAMMONIUM. Vid. Cya- 
 nide of Platin(ous)ammonium. 
 
 CYANIDE OF PLATOSAMMONIUM (of Reiset). 
 Vid. Cyanide of Platin(ous)ommin & of Plati- 
 num. 
 
 CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Deliquescent. Very 
 KCy soluble in water. 100 pts. of the aqueous 
 solution saturated, at its boiling tempera- 
 ture (103.3) contains 55 pts. of the dry salt; or, 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 122.222 pts. of it at 
 103.3; or 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 
 0.8182 pt. of water at 103.3. (T. Griffiths, Quar 
 J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) Almost insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol. Soluble in 80 pts. of boiling spirit 
 of 95%; more readily soluble in spirit of 78%; 
 and abundantly soluble in spirit of 35%. Alcohol 
 of 95% precipitates it from the aqueous solution 
 (Geiger.) Not very soluble in alcohol. (F. & E 
 Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 94.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SILVER. Per- 
 K Cy -, Ag Cy manent. Soluble in 8 pts. of cold 
 f A s XT ^'VPt. of boiling water. (Glass- 
 ford & Napier.) Soluble in 4.7 pts. of water at j 
 
 15, in 4 pts. at 20, and much more soluble as the 
 temperature is more elevated. " The solubility 
 given by Glassford & Napier (in 8 pts. of water) 
 is too low." (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 
 464.) Soluble in 25 pts. of 85% alcohol at 20. 
 (Baup, loc. cit.) Soluble in boiling alcohol. De- 
 composed by acids. (Glassford & Napier.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM, OF SILVER, & OF 
 
 (Hydrated Cyanide of Potassium SODIUM. Soluble 
 
 yLp?'4af """ f in 4.4 P*. of water 
 
 3 (K Cy, Ag Cy) ; Na Cy, Ag Cy at 15 , and in 22 pts. 
 
 of alcohol, of 85%, 
 
 at 17. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 466.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF TELLURIUM. 
 (Telluro Cyanide of Potassium.) Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF ZINC. 
 I.) K Cy ; Zn Cy Permanent. Readily soluble 
 in cold water, and not much 
 more abundantly in hot water. (L. Gmelin.) De- 
 composed by alcohol. 
 II.) 2 KCy; Zn Cy 
 
 CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM with IODIDE OF SIL- 
 VER. (Liebig.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF PROPYL. Decomposed by a boil- 
 (Butyronitrile. Cyanide of Trityl.) j n g solution of 
 C 8 H 7 N = C 6 H 7) Cy caustic potash. 
 
 CYANIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water and 
 Ag C 2 N = Ag Cy in dilute nitric acid. (Fresenius, 
 Quant., p. 142.) Sparingly sol- 
 uble in dilute nitric acid ; more readily in boiling 
 than in cold. (Thaulow.) Unacted upon by 
 other dilute oxygen acids. Decomposed by strong 
 acids. (Ittner.) Not soluble to a perceptible ex- 
 tent in commercial cyanhydric acid. (Gore.) 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the cyanides of 
 ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, 
 and strontium. 
 
 Very readily soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 cyanides of potassium and of sodium, of chloride 
 of ammonium, and of hyposulphite of soda. 
 (Gore.) Soluble in boiling aqueous solutions of 
 the chlorides of potassium, sodium, calcium, ba- 
 rium, and magnesium ; but at ordinary tempera- 
 tures this solution takes place very slowly. Also 
 soluble in solutions of hyposulphite of soda, ferro- 
 cyanide of potassium, carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, 
 and succinate of ammonia, and in a large excess of 
 a hot solution of chloride of ammonium. Soluble 
 in ammonia-water. (Wittstein.) Easily soluble 
 in ammonia-water, but is not decomposed by so- 
 lutions of the caustic alkalies. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 Soluble in a strong boiling solution of nitrate of 
 silver. (Wcehler.) Slightly soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of nitrate of protoxide of 
 mercury, from which it is precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of cyanhydric acid, but it is not precipi- 
 tated either by nitric acid or by a solution of 
 nitrate of silver. (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharn\., 41. 317.) Easily soluble in ammonia- 
 water. Not decomposed by the fixed alkalies. 
 
 Bt'CYANiDE OF SILVER? Soluble in water. 
 (ArgentoPrussic Acid.) (Meillet.) 
 H Cy, Ag Cy 
 
 CYANIDE OF SILVER & OF IRON. Ppt. De- 
 composed by chlorhydric acid, but insoluble in 
 other acids. (Ittner.) Soluble in ammonia-wa- 
 ter. (Monthiers.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF SILVER & OF SODIUM. Much 
 
 AgOy; NaCy more soluble in hot than in cold 
 
 water, and alcohol. Soluble in 5 
 
CYANOGEN. 
 
 245 
 
 pts. of water at 20; and in 24 pts. of alcohol, of 
 85%, at 20. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Pfiys., (3.) 53. 
 468.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF SILVER & OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 CYANIDE OF SILVER with NITRATE OF SIL- 
 2 Ag Cy ; Ag 0, N B VER. Decomposed by water. 
 (Wcehler.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF SODIUM. Soluble in water, and 
 Na C 2 N alcohol, especially if these be hot. 
 
 Easily soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 218.) May be dissolved in 
 boiling rectified spirit, from which it crystallizes 
 on cooling, but is not very soluble in alcohol. 
 (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. pp. 
 95, 96.) [Mixed cyanide of sodium and of po- 
 tassium, such as is often met with in commerce, 
 is much less readily soluble in water, than pure 
 cyanide of potassium. (I. D. Fisher, private 
 communication.)] 
 
 CYANIDE OF SODIUM & OF ZINC. Much more 
 Na Cy ; 2 Zn Cy + 5 Aq readily soluble in water 
 than the cyanide of potas- 
 sium and of zinc. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF STIBETHYL. 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 SbCy a 
 
 CYANIDE OF STIBETHYL with proiloDiDE OF 
 MERCURY. 
 CYANIDE OF STIBMETHYL. 
 
 CYANIDE OF STIBMETHYLETHYLIUM. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 CYANIDE OF SULPHOBENZOYL. Insoluble in 
 C 16 H s N S 2 = C 14 H 5 S 2 , C. N water. Soluble with 
 decomposition, in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 CYANIDE OF TETRYL. Vid. Cyanide of 
 Butyl. 
 
 CYANIDE OF TITANIUM. Easily soluble in 
 
 TiCy 2 water. (Dcebereiner, in Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF TOLUENYL. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Cyanide of BenzEthyl. 
 Cyanide of Toluonitrlle.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF TRITYL. Vid. Cyanide of Propyl. 
 
 SesgwCYANiDE OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in nitric 
 
 Ur 2 Cy 3 ;2Ur 2 3 acid. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 an aqueous solution of cyanide of 
 
 potassium. (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag.. 1834, 
 
 (3.) 4. 99.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF VANADIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 Va Cy 2 Soluble in an aqueous solution of cyanide 
 of potassium. 
 
 CYANIDE OF YTTRIUM. Efflorescent. Easily 
 TrNC 2 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Berlin.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water, or in 
 Zn N C 2 an aqueous solution of cyanide of calcium. 
 (Scheele.) Insoluble in water, or alco- 
 hol. Soluble in dilute mineral acids, and in aque- 
 ous solutions of caustic potash and ammonia, and 
 of carbonate of ammonia and in hot solutions of 
 other ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) Easily 
 soluble in solutions of the alkaline cyanides. About 
 one half as soluble as protocyanide of copper in an 
 aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium. Readily 
 soluble in a solution of sesquicarbonate of ammo- 
 nia. (Gore.) 
 
 CYANIDE OF ZINC with IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 Kl;2ZnCy Easily deliquescent. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 CYANICANILID. Vid. CYANANILID. 
 
 CYANILIC ACID. Efflorescent. Somewhat 
 C 6 H 8 N 3 6 more soluble than cyanuric acid in 
 water. (Liebig.) 
 
 CYANILATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C H 2 Ag N 3 6 
 
 CYANILIDE. Vid. CyanAnilid. 
 
 CYANILIN. Vid. CyanAnilin. 
 
 Z^'CYANIMID. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 Hydro Mellon(ot Liebig). easily soluble in boiling 
 N H Cy 2 water, alcohol, or ether, 
 
 oils (fixed or volatile), 
 acids, and weak solutions of the alkalies. Soluble, 
 with decomposition, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, and in nitric acid. 
 
 CYANIN. Soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 (Anthokyan.) soluble in ether. (Fremy & Cloez.) 
 
 CYANO&J'BROMOPICRIN. Vid. cfrBromoNitr- 
 Acetonitril. 
 
 CYANoCoDEiN. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 40 H 2l N 8 6 = C S8 H ai N O 6 , 2 N C t Soluble in boil- 
 
 ing absolute al- 
 
 cohol, and in a mixture of alcohol and ether. It 
 is also soluble in weak spirit, but this solution un- 
 dergoes decomposition when evaporated. 
 
 . Far more soluble in boiling 
 C 40 H 26 N 4 = 2 (C 18 H 13 N, N C 2 ) alcohol than cyanilin. 
 Water precipitates it 
 
 from the cold alcoholic solution. (Hofmann, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 1. 170.) 
 
 CYANOFORM. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. (Bonnet.) 
 
 CYANOGEN. Water absorbs 4.5 times its own 
 NT or K r Cy I volume at 20, and alcohol 
 
 JN On OF .N ^A - f-t / - 
 
 u y> 23 times its volume of cy- 
 anogen gas. Ether absorbs 5 volumes of it. (Gay- 
 Lussac.) It is also absorbed by the essential oils, 
 and a few other organic liquids. Alcohol absorbs 
 40 vols. of it. (Johnston.) 1 vol. of oil of tur- 
 pentine absorbs 5 vols. of it. (Gay-Lussac.) It 
 is absorbed in large quantity by solutions of di- 
 chloride of copper. (Le Blanc.) Insoluble in 
 caoutchin. 
 
 (Solid) CYANOGEN. Vid. ParaCyanogen. 
 
 CYANOGEN with SULPHYDRIC ACID. 
 
 I.) C 4 H 2 N 2 S 2 Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Very soluble in ether. 
 
 II.) C 4 H 4 N 2 S 4 Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 more soluble in boiling water, 
 and still more soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 No. II. with OXIDE OF LEAD. Decomposed by 
 C 4 H 2 Pb 2 N 2 S 4 boiling water. 
 
 .BJ'CYANOMELANILIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C 30 H 13 N 5 =C 26 H 13 N 8 , Cy, Soluble, with decom- 
 
 position, in cold dilute 
 
 acids. Sparingly soluble in cold, rather easily 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1. 308.) Remarkably easily soluble in cold dilute 
 mineral acids as well as in vegetable acids. These 
 solutions soon undergo decomposition, however 
 (Hofmann, Ibid., 1. 310, & 2. 308.) 
 
 ZftCYANOMENAFHTHYLAMIN. Insoluble in 
 
 iDiCymenaphthalamin.) water. Tolerably soluble 
 
 C^ H 17 N B in alcohol, and ether. Read- 
 
 ily soluble in dilute acids, 
 
 but the solutions thus obtained soon decompose. 
 (Perkin.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF BARIUM. 100 ptS. of 
 
 water dissolve 17 pts. of it at the ordinary tem- 
 perature Somewhat soluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) 
 
2-16 
 
 CYANURATES. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF BERBERiN. Permanent. 
 C 42 H 19 N0 10 , HC1, Hg Cy Insoluble in cold, soluble 
 in boiling water, or dilute 
 spirit. (Kohl & Swoboda.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF CALCIUM. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Perma- 
 v f C 4 H s H ri H<r rv nent. Soluble in water. 
 N I H\ ' ' H C1 > "S c ' Sparingly soluble in cold 
 alcohol. (Kohl & Swoboda.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF MAGNESIUM. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF METHYL. Decomposed 
 C 2 H 3 Cy ; 4 Hg Cy by moist air. (Hesse.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF PLATINUM. Insoluble 
 Pt Cy, Hg Cy in water. Soluble in hot chlorhydric 
 acid. (Dcebereiner.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF PLATINUM with Ni- 
 5 (Hg Cy, Pt Cy) ; Hg 2 O, N 6 TRATE ofdinoxide OF 
 MERCURY. Ppt. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF POTASSIUM. Perma- 
 K Cy, Hg Cy nent. Soluble in 4.4 pts. of cold 
 water. Somewhat soluble in alco- 
 hol. Decomposed by acids. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 AgCy, HgCy 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF SILVER with NITRATE 
 AgCy, HgCy; HgO, N 5 + 4 Aq of protoxide OF 
 
 MERCURY. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF SILVER with SULPHATE 
 Ag Cy, Hg Cy ; Hg 0, S 3 + Aq of protoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE or SODIUM. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF STRONTIUM. About 
 as soluble in water as the barium salt. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF STRYCHNINE. More 
 
 I.) C 42 Hj,,N,O 4 , HgCy soluble than the corre- 
 sponding chloromercurate 
 in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 II ) C 42 H 22 N 4 .0 4 , H Cy, Hg Cl Sparingly soluble 
 
 in cold water. 
 Tolerably soluble in boiling water, and alcohol. 
 
 III ) C 42 H 22 N 2 4 , H Cl, 4 Hg Cy 
 
 CYANOMERCURATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 ZnCy, HgCy? 
 
 CYANOPlIENYLAMIN. Vld. CYANANILID. 
 
 CYANOPHENYLtftPHENYL&t'AMIN. Insoluble 
 
 (CyanotriPh.enylbiam.ine.) in water. Difficultly 
 
 r> H KT w S^V 1 ^ * 1 ^ soluble in boiling al- 
 03, H 17 N 3 = N 2 | (C 12 HA cohol 
 
 ether. 
 
 CYANOPLATINIC ACID. Vid. BiCyanide of 
 Platinum. 
 
 CYANOPLATINATE OF QUININE. 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 O 4 , 2 (H Cy, Pt Cy 2 ) 
 
 CYANOPLATINATE OF X. Vid. Cyanide of X 
 & of Platinum. 
 
 CYANOSALICYL. Soluble in alcohol. (Ca- 
 C W H S N0 4 hours.) 
 
 CYANOTOLUIDIN. Less soluble in alcohol 
 
 C S2 H 1S N 4 = 2 C 14 H 9 N, Cy 2 and ether than cyani- 
 
 lin. Soluble in dilute 
 
 chlorhydric acid. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 170.) 
 
 ACID. Vid. Cyamelid. 
 
 CYANURIC ACID. Effloresces in warm air. 
 
 (Pyruric Acid.) Soluble in 40 pts. of cold wa- 
 
 C 6 H 8 N 3 O 8 + 4 Aq ter, more soluble in hot water. 
 
 Difficultly soluble in cold 
 
 water. Soluble in 24 pts. of boiling water, 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) Readily soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold alcohol of 36 B. (Chevallier 
 & Lassaigne.) Soluble in boiling concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which solution water precipi- 
 tates cyanilic acid. (Liebig.) Also soluble in 
 hot nitric acid. (Se'rullas.) The cyanurates are, 
 for the most part, but sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 CYANURATE OF AMMONIA. Effloresces, with 
 
 C 6 H 2 (N H 4 ) N s O 6 + 2 Aq loss of ammonia. Even 
 
 cold water, in which it 
 
 is difficultly soluble, abstracts a portion of its am- 
 monia. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Easily soluble in 
 water containing free ammonia. (Knapp, Ann. der 
 Pharm,, 1837, 21. 247.) 
 
 CYANURATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. In- 
 C 6 H Cu (N H 4 ) N 3 6 soluble in cold water. Slightly 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 CYANURATE OF AMMONIA & OF SILVER. 
 C 6 (N H 4 ) 3 N 3 O a ; C B Ag 3 N s 6 + 2 Aq 
 
 " CYANURATE OF AMYL "(of Schlieper). Vid. 
 Allophanate of Amyl. 
 
 CYANURATE OF ARGENT AMMONIUM. 
 C 6 H(NH 3 Ag) 2 N 3 6 
 
 CYANURATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Almost insoluble in water. 
 C H 2 Ba N 3 6 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) di. Sparingly soluble in water. (Cheval- 
 C 6 H Ba 2 N 3 O e 4- 3 Aq" Her & Lassaigne.) 
 
 CYANURATE OF CINCHONIN. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 (Elderhorst.) 
 
 CYANURATE OF CUPR(IC)AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in cold, very sparingly 
 C 6 (N H 8 Cu) H, N 8 O 6 soluble in hot water. In- 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Wiedemann.) 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 C 8 (N H 3 Cu), H N 3 6 + 2 Aq ter. Nearly insoluble 
 in ammonia-water. 
 (Woehler.) 
 
 "CYANURATE OF ETHYL "(of Liebig & Woeh- 
 ler). Vid. Allophanate of Ethyl. 
 
 CYANURATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) di. Tolerably readily soluble in water, al- 
 C M H lt N 3 8 = Cy, (C 4 H 5 ) 2 H 6 cohol, and ether. 
 (Limpncht.) 
 
 II.) tri. Sparingly soluble in water, though 
 
 (Cyanuric Ether.) more soluble in hot 
 
 C w H 15 N 3 6 = Cy 3 (C 4 H s ) 3 6 than in cold. Easily 
 
 soluble in alcohol, 
 
 especially if this be concentrated. Soluble in 
 ether. Sparingly soluble, without decomposition, 
 in ammonia-water at 100, less soluble in the cold. 
 (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 42. 57.) 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. Readily soluble, without de- 
 composition, in acids, even in concentrated nitric 
 acid. (Habich & Limpricht.) 
 
 DZ'CYANURATE OF ETHYL & OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 14 H 10 N 3 Ag 6 = Cy s (C 4 H 5 ) 2 Ag O 6 
 
 CYANURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 8 Pb 3 N 3 6 -h 3 Aq 
 
 CYANURATE OF LEAD & OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 6 Pb Ag 2 N 3 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 CYANURATE or LIME. Readily soluble m 
 water. 
 
DELPHININ. 
 
 247 
 
 "CYANURATE OF METHYL "(of Richardson). 
 Vid. Allophanate of Methyl. 
 
 CYANURATE- OF METHYL. Insoluble in cold 
 
 C 12 H 9 N 3 8 = (C 2 H 3 ) 3 Cy 3 O fl water. Somewhat 
 
 sparingly soluble in 
 
 boiling water. Soluble in alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, more soluble in hot spirit. (Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 42.62.) 
 
 CYANURATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 CYANURATE OF PHENYL. Soluble in alcohol. 
 C 42 H 1B N 3 6 = (C 12 H 6 ) 3 Cy 3 6 
 
 CYANURATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Very difficultly soluble in cold water. 
 (" acid.") Ins'oluble in acetic, nitric, or chlor- 
 
 C 6 KH 2 N 3 8 hydric acids. (Liebig.) 
 
 II.) di. Easily soluble in dilute alkaline solu- 
 (" neutral.") tions. Decomposed by pure wa- 
 C 6 K 2 H N 3 Og ter, with separation of No. I. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Liebig & 
 Wcehler.) 
 
 CYANURATE OF POTASH & OF SILVER. 
 
 CYANURATE OF QUININE. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Elderhorst.) 
 
 CYANURATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water, or acetic acid. 
 Ag H 2 Cy 3 O 6 Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 nitric acid. (Wcehler.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water. Soluble in nitric 
 Ag 2 HCy 3 O a acid. 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. Very sparingly 
 Ag 3 C'y 3 6 + Aq soluble in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 CYANURATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 water. (Chevallier & Lassaigne.) 
 
 CYANURATE OF UREA. Soluble in hot, less 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , H 3 Cy 3 O a soluble in cold water. Also 
 soluble in alcohol. (Berze- 
 lius's Lehrb., 3. 345.) 
 
 CYANURENIC ACID. Vid. Kynnrenic Acid. 
 
 CYANYLIC ACID. Vid. Cyanilic Acid. 
 
 CYCLAMIN. Vid. Arthanitin. 
 
 .D/CYMENAPHTHALAMIN. Vid. iz'CyanoMe- 
 Naphthylamin. 
 
 CYMENE. Permanent. Insoluble in water. 
 (Cymol. Camphogene. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 Hydride of Thymyl.) ether and the essentia l 
 (Isomeric or identical -i m i j> t /-. 
 
 with Hydride ofCumicyl.) Olls - (Gerhardt & Ca- 
 C^ H 14 " hours, ) 
 
 CYMENESULPHUROUS ACID. Vid. Thymyl- 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 CYMIDIN. Somewhat soluble in water. Ea- 
 (Cumicylamin.) sily soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 C 20 H 15 N=N$&o H is ether. (Barlow, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 98. 249.) 
 
 CYMINIC ACID. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 ether, and most other liquids. (Persoz.) 
 
 " CYMYL"(of Kolbe). Same as Cumicyl. 
 
 C 20 H 13 
 
 CYNAPiN(from JEthusa cynapium). 
 CYNENE. Permanent. Insoluble in water. 
 C^HIS" Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid ; 
 soluble, with combination, in fuming sulphuric 
 acid. Unacted upon by dilute nitric acid. 
 (Vcelckel, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 359.) 
 CYNODiN(from Cynodon dactylon). 
 CYSTIC OXIDE. Vid. Cystin. 
 CYSTIN. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Solu- 
 ble in chlorhydric, 
 sulphuric, nitric, ox- 
 
 alic, and phosphoric acids. Soluble in solutions 
 of the fixed alkalies and the alkaline carbonates. 
 (Wollaston.) Also soluble in ammonia-water 
 and in solutions of the bicarbonates of potash 
 and of soda. (Cloetta.) Insoluble in a solu- 
 tion of bicarbonate of ammonia. It is not pre- 
 cipitated from alkaline solutions by sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, or nitric acids; but is precipitated 
 by acetic, tartaric, and citric acids. Insoluble 
 in aqueous solutions of acetic, tartaric, or citric 
 acids. (Wollaston.) 
 
 D. 
 
 DADYL. Vid. Camphilene. 
 
 DAMALURIC ACID. Somewhat soluble in wa- 
 C M H 12 4 = C 14 H u 3 , H t er. 
 
 DAMALURATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C 14 H u Ba0 4 (Stsedeler.) 
 
 DAMALURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 DAMALURATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 14 H u Ag 4 
 
 DAMMARANE. Insoluble in weak alcohol. Sol- 
 c H si e u ^ e m absolute alcohol and in oil of 
 turpentine. (R. D. Thomson.) 
 
 DAMMARIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 c eo H aoi2 ? soluble in ordinary alcohol, ether, the 
 fatty oils, concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 and aqueous solutions of caustic potash and am- 
 monia. 
 
 DAMMARATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 80 H 59 Ag 12 
 
 DAMMARIN. Vid. ft resin of Dammara Resin ; 
 under RESINS. 
 
 DAMMAROLE. 
 40 H 3 i 6 
 
 DAMMARONE. 
 CM HgoO 
 
 DAMOLIC ACID. 
 C 26 H 23 3 ,HO(?) 
 
 DAMOLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water, 
 though less so than the damalurate of baryta. 
 (Stsedeler.) 
 
 DAPHNiN(from Daphne gnidium, and mezereum). 
 (Daphin.) Sparingly soluble in cold, more easily 
 soluble in hot water. Also soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 DATISCETIN. Almost insoluble in water. Spar- 
 c so H io iz i n gty soluble in cold, easily soluble in 
 hot alcohol. Soluble in almost all 
 proportions in ether. Soluble in alkaline solu- 
 tions. (Stenhouse, J. Ch. Soc., 9.) 
 
 DATISCETIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 C M H 8 Pb 2 12 in water or alcohol. 
 
 DATisciN(of Braconnotand Stenhouse). Spar- 
 42 H 22 0^ ingly soluble in cold, tolerably soluble 
 in boiling water. Very readily soluble 
 in cold alcohol, and in almost all proportions in 
 boiling alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of ammonia, potash, 
 soda, lime, and baryta. (Stenhouse, J. Ch. Soc., 
 9. 228.) 
 
 DATURIN. Vid. Atropin. 
 
 DELPHIN, or DELpHiNiN(from Delphinium 
 Staphisagria). Insoluble, or but sparingly solu- 
 ble in pure water. Soluble in absolute alcohol 
 and in ether. Soluble in dilute acids. 
 
 DELPHiNiN(of Chevreul). Consists, according 
 to Berthelot, of a mixture of mono, bi, & ter- 
 Valerin, q. v. 
 
248 
 
 DIDYMIUM. 
 
 DELPHINIC ACID. Vid. Valeric Acid. 
 DELPHINONE. Vid. Valerone. 
 DEUTOXIDE (&c.) or X. See under Oxide 
 (&c.) of X. 
 DEXTRIN. 
 
 C 12 H 10 10 
 
 I.) Dextrin proper. Insoluble in cold water, 
 [Starch which, has been rendered fluid by forming a 
 the action of diastase, or sulphuric acid.} jelly there- 
 with. Solu- 
 ble in boiling water, from which it separates on 
 cooling. Alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous 
 solution. Boiling acids, even when weak, but 
 especially if concentrated, convert it into glucose. 
 
 1 pt. of dextrin, in the condition of a granular 
 powder, obtained from potato-starch by means of 
 malt in the ordinary way, and purified from sugar 
 by means of alcohol, then dried until it ceased to 
 lose weight at 100, being treated with 1000 pts. of 
 alcohol of 0.837 sp. gr., at first at the ordinary 
 'temperature, and then at the boiling temperature, 
 suffered no alteration of volume, lustre, or trans- 
 parency; with alcohol of 0.880 sp. gr. the quan- 
 tity of the dextrin was not lessened, but it sof- 
 tened, became cloudy, and finally formed a single 
 lump : the boiling alcohol deposited nothing on 
 cooling ; with alcohol of 0.910 sp. gr. the separate 
 grains of the dextrin cohered to a single lump, 
 the volume of which, at the ordinary temperature, 
 appeared to be equal to that of its component 
 grains, or nearly so, but on heating the spirit to 
 boiling the greater part of the dextrin dissolved, 
 although the solution was not complete. When 
 10 pts. of dextrin (instead of 1 pt., as above) were 
 taken, to 1000 pts. of the alcohol, and the mixture 
 kept hot for some time, and constantly agitated, 
 more of it dissolved, although, as before, complete 
 solution could not be obtained, and the solution 
 become cloudy on cooling. When 100 pts. of 
 dextrin were added to 1000 pts. of the alcohol and 
 the mixture maintained for a time at the temper- 
 ature of boiling the volume of the dextrin de- 
 creased about J, and the undissolved portion lay 
 as a thick fluid beneath the solution. The latter 
 became cloudy on cooling, depositing viscid drops 
 of dextrin, and after having stood for six days [at 
 the ordinary temperature] it contained 0.9% of 
 dextrin. 
 
 7 pts. of the dextrin being gently heated in 
 1000 pts. of alcohol of 0.950, complete solution 
 ensued ; on cooling, the solution became cloudy, 
 and so much dextrin separated that but 3.6% of it 
 (anhydrous) remained in solution. 340 pts. of 
 dextrin being boiled with 1000 pts. of the same 
 alcohol, dissolved completely after long-continued 
 agitation, but separated again for the most part 
 on cooling, the cold solution having retained 19% 
 of it (anhydrous). 
 
 Hence it appears that dextrin is entirely insol- 
 uble in cold or boiling alcohol of 0.837 <5> 0.880 
 sp. gr., although it combines with a portion of the 
 water of the latter and becomes soft ; that alco- 
 hol of 0.910 begins to dissolve it, though only 
 sparingly and incompletely, being incapable of 
 dissolving completely so much as -^ of a per cent 
 of it, although the same alcohol is capable of dis- 
 solving about 3% of dextrin at the boiling heat, 
 when an excess of the latter is present, depositing 
 2.1% on cooling, so that the cold solution contains 
 only 0.9% ; that dextrin dissolves in considerable 
 quantity (about J) and completely in alcohol of 
 0.950, from which solution about of the dissolved 
 matter is deposited again on cooling, both from 
 strong and from more dilute solutions : from which 
 
 it would seem to follow that the dextrin is decom- 
 posed by alcohol of 0.950 sp. gr. into two different 
 substances.which are present in about equal quan- 
 tities, and of which one is only soluble in hot alco- 
 hol of 0.950 sp. gr., while the other is soluble both 
 in hot and in cold alcohol of this strength. (C. 
 F. Anthon, Dingler's polyt. J., 1860, 155. pp. 
 458-460.) Insoluble in very strong alcohol, but 
 soluble to no inconsiderable extent in weak alco- 
 hol ; being incomparably more soluble than solu- 
 ble starch in ordinary alcohol. (Bechamp, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 492.) Dextrin is easily 
 soluble in water. Also soluble in alcohol of 30%, 
 but insoluble in alcohol of 80%, and in ether. 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 II.) Dextrin Gum. Easily soluble in cold or 
 [Product of the longer-continued ac- hot water. Alco- 
 tion of sulphuric acid upon No. 1.] hoi, when added 
 
 in sufficient quan- 
 tity, precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 
 III.) Leiocome. Soluble in cold water. [The 
 [Roasted Starch.} term British gum is ordinarily ap- 
 (BritishGum. lied to roasted 'wheat-starch, 
 
 (rum Substitute.) r i ., , i . 
 
 while roasted potato-starch is 
 
 called gum substitute, and the distinction is said to 
 be founded on a real difference as great as that 
 between the starches themselves. (Ordway, Am. 
 J.Sci., (2.) 31.451.)] 
 
 DEXTRORACEMIC ACID. Identical with Tar- 
 taric Acid (right), q. v. 
 
 Di or DiNAcETATE (&c.) OF X. See under 
 Acetate (&c.) of X, as din Acetate of X, di Chlo- 
 ride of X, and the like. 
 
 DIALURAMID. Insoluble in cold, sparingly sol- 
 (Murexan. Uramil.) uble in boiling water. It re- 
 C 8 H 5 Ng0 8 quires more than 10,000 pts. 
 
 of water to dissolve it. ( Prout. ) 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether, or in acetic, tartaric, 
 or citric acids. Not perceptibly soluble in di- 
 lute phosphoric, sulphuric, or chlorhydric acids. 
 (Prout.) Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated unchanged on 
 the addition of water. 
 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of the fixed 
 alkalies, and ammonia, without neutralizing 
 them. (Liebig & Wcehler.) 
 
 DIALURIC ACID. Tolerably easily soluble in 
 C g H 4 N 2 8 = C 8 H s N 2 7 , H water. Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 DlALURATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold, very sol- 
 Co H 3 (N H 4 ) N 2 8 uble in boiling water. ( Greg- 
 ory.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 6 (8> 8 pts. of cold, and 
 (Uramilic Acid.) (Liebig & Wcehler.) in 3 pts. of hot 
 C 16 H 7 (N H 4 ) N 4 16 water. Soluble 
 
 in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric and nitric acids. (Liebig & 
 Wcehler.) 
 
 DIABURATE OF BARYTA. Scarcely at all sol- 
 C 8 H s Ba N 2 8 + Aq uble in water. ( Gregory. ) 
 
 DlALURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 DIALURATE OF POTASH. Sparingly soluble 
 C 8 H 3 K N 2 O g either in hot or in cold water. In- 
 soluble in acetic acid. Soluble in 
 weak potash-lye. (Gregory.) 
 
 DIASTASE. Soluble in water and in weak al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in strong alcohol. 
 
 DIDYMIUM. When fused, it does not decom- 
 
DULCOSE. 
 
 249 
 
 D pose water ; but appears to do so when in the 
 
 pulverulent state. Readily soluble in acids. 
 (Marignac.) 
 
 DIETHYLIN. Vid. rft'Ethylin. 
 
 DIFFLUAN. Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 C 6 H 4 N 2 6 water. Insoluble in alcohol. ( Schlie- 
 per.) 
 
 DIGESTIVE SALT. Vid. Chloride of Potassium. 
 
 DIGITALIC ACID. Very soluble in water; the 
 solution subsequently undergoing partial decom- 
 position. Tolerably soluble in alcohol ; less solu- 
 ble in ether. Many of its salts are soluble, but are 
 prone to undergo decomposition when in solution. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF COPPER. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF LIME. Very soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF POTASH. Exceedingly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF SILVER. Soluble in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 DIGITALATE OF ZINC. 
 
 DIGITALICRIN. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 Cja H^Og soluble in alcohol. Sparingly soluble 
 in ammonia-water. Soluble in strong 
 mineral acids. (Walz, in Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 DIGITALIN. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 CjoHjjpg Soluble in alcohol; more readily in 
 dilute than in concentrated ; more read- 
 ily in hot than in cold. Very little acted upon by 
 ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric, nitric, 
 and chlorhydric acids. (Lebourdais, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 24. 61.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. Soluble in 2000 pts. of cold, and in 1000 pts. 
 of boiling water. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 1920 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur P/iarm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 75.) Soluble 
 in 288 pts. of ether of 0.748 sp. gr., and in 1250 
 pts. of 0.726 sp. gr. Soluble in concentrated chlor- 
 hydric, and in acetic acid. According to Walz, 
 the digitalin of previous observers, as cited above, 
 was contaminated with several other substances. 
 He finds that 1 pt. of pure digitalin is soluble in 
 1000 pts. of cold, and in 250 pts. of hot water ; in 
 3 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts. of hot alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water, and in concentrated 
 sulphuric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 
 1.25 pts. of it. (Schlimpert, Kopp fr Will's J. B. 
 fur 1859, p. 405.) 
 
 DIGITALOIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 C 22 H 22 4 ble in hot, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash or ammonia. (Walz.) 
 
 DIGITOLEIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 The alkaline digitoleates are soluble in water ; the 
 other salts are insoluble. 
 
 DlGITOLEATE OF BARYTA. 
 DlGITOLEATE OF COBALT. ) 
 DlGITOLEATE OF COPPER. > PptS. 
 DlGITOLEATE OF IRON. ) 
 DlGITOLEATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in ether. 
 82 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in ether. 
 
 DlGITOLEATE OF LlME. ) 
 
 DlGITOLEATE OF MERCURY(Hg). > PptS. 
 DlGITOLEATE OF NlCKEL. ) 
 
 DIGITOLEATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 DlGITOLEATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 DIGITOLEATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 DlGITOLEATE OF ZlNC. Ppt. 
 
 DIGITOLOSIN. Soluble in 125 pts. of cold, and 
 
 C S8 H 32 18 in 42 pts. of boiling water; and in 
 
 about 2 pts. of alcohol. Soluble in 
 
 ammonia-water and in the strong mineral acids. 
 
 (Walz, in Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 DiGiTOLOSMiN(from Digitalis purpnrea). In- 
 soluble in cold water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. Very easily soluble in ether. (Walz.) 
 
 DILITURIC ACID. Nearly insoluble in cold, 
 sparingly soluble in hot water. Soluble in a 
 dilute solution of potash. Readily soluble, with- 
 out decomposition, in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. Unacted upon by strong nitric acid. 
 
 DlLITURATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Tolerably soluble in water ; insol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 readily soluble in hot water. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 unchanged on the addition of water. (Schlieper.) 
 
 DlLITURATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 DioSMiN(from Diosma crenata). Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in alcohol, ether, essential oils, and 
 dilute acids. (Landerer.) 
 DiPnANiNE. Vid. cftPhenin. 
 DISACRYL. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 C 10 H T O 4 (?). bisulphide of carbon, fatty or essen- 
 tial oils, acids, or alkaline solutions. 
 (Redtenbacher.) 
 
 DISACRYL RESIN. Insoluble in water. . Easily 
 c,,, H ]3 6 (?) soluble in alcohol, ether, and alkaline 
 
 solutions. (Redtenbacher.) 
 Z>t'SuLPHoMETHOLic ACID. Vid. Mcthionic 
 Acid. 
 
 DOEGLINIC ACID. Easily soluble in 1 pt. of 
 Datglingsteure.) alcohol of 826 sp. gr. 
 
 -as HSS 0, = Cag HSS 3 , H ( Scharling. ) 
 
 DCEGLINATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. 
 
 DCEGLINATE OF LEAD. Soluble in ether. 
 
 DRACIC ACID. 
 
 DRACONIC ACID. 
 
 DRACOL. Vid. Phenate of Methyl. 
 
 DRACONYL. Vid. MetaStyrol. 
 
 DRACYL. Vid. Hydride of Toluenyl. 
 
 DRACONIC ACID. Vid. Anisic Acid. 
 
 DRAGONYL. Vid. Essence of Anise. 
 
 DULCAMARIN. Permanent. Soluble in 1075 pts. 
 Gee HJO N 29 f water 5 in 1 P ts - of cold alcohol, 
 more soluble in hot alcohol ; and in 
 1440 pts. of ether. Tolerably abundantly soluble 
 in acetic acid. Swells up to a jelly in ammonia- 
 water, but does not dissolve therein. Soluble in 
 concentrated chlorhydric and sulphuric acids. 
 Strong nitric acid also dissolves it rapidly. (Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 DULCOSE or DULCIN. Easily soluble in boil- 
 
 Vid. Anisic Acid. 
 
250 
 
 ELLAGATES. 
 
 (Duldt.) ing, less soluble in cold water. Very 
 C i2 H u Ow sparingly soluble in boiling, and still 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. Solu- 
 ble, apparently without decomposition, in a warm 
 dilute solution of caustic potash ; decomposed by 
 a concentrated solution of potash. 
 
 DuMASiN(of Kane). Insoluble in water, Sol- 
 [Not identical with Oxide uble in all proportions in 
 o/Maityi.] (Zittig.) alcohol, and ether. 
 
 t^lJ "10 "2 
 
 DUTCH LIQUID. Vid. Chloride of Ethylene. 
 
 DYSLYSIN. Insoluble in water, and in cold al- 
 C 48 HS, 6 cohol. Sparingly soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol ; more soluble in boiling ether. 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of potash or ammo- 
 nia, or in acids. 
 
 DYSLYTE. Soluble in 24000 pts. of water at 
 10. Soluble in about 2200 pts. of alcohol "of 88% 
 at 10 ; and in about 1500 pts. of 97% at 10. Sol- 
 uble in ether, and in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Baup, Ann. CL et Phys., (3.) 33. 198.) 
 
 E. 
 
 EBLANIN. Vid. PyroXanthin. 
 
 ELAENE. Vid. Nonylene. 
 
 ELAIC ACID. Vid. Oleic Acid. 
 
 ELAIDIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 
 Cs HJH 4 = 3,5 Hgj 8 , H soluble in alcohol, and, 
 
 though less so, in ether. 
 
 The metallic elaidates, excepting those of the 
 alkalies, are insoluble in water ; they are, however, 
 decomposed by an excess of water. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF AMMONIA. Sparingly soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 Cgo H ss (4 H s) * Soluble in about 8 pts. of abso- 
 lute alcohol. Scarcely at all 
 soluble in ordinary alcohol. Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in ether. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Elaidin. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF METHYL. 
 
 Cso H 33 (C, H 8 ) 4 
 
 ELAIDATE OF POTASH. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF SILVER. After having become 
 
 Cje Hgj Ag 4 dry it is sparingly soluble in water, 
 
 alcohol, and ether. When recently 
 
 precipitated it is more readily soluble. Easily 
 
 soluble in warm ammonia-water. 
 
 ELAIDATE OF SODA. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 in warm ether. The alcoholic solution is decom- 
 posed by water, a bisalt crystallizing out. 
 
 ELAIDINAMID. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 H j 38 H 
 
 ELAIDIN. Insoluble in water. Almost insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. Readily soluble in ether. 
 
 ELAIERIN. 1000 pts. of alcohol, of 0.805 sp. gr. 
 dissolve 7 pts. of it at 15. Only very slowly at- 
 tacked by potash-lye. (Chevreul.) 
 
 ELAIN. Vid. Olein. 
 
 ELALDEHYDE. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 4 2 
 
 ELAONE. Vid. Oleone. 
 
 ELATERIN. Insoluble in water. Readily sol- 
 
 CM H 24 18 uble in alcohol. Sparingly soluble 
 in ether. Insoluble in dilute acids 
 or alkalies, or in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids, 
 from which solutions it is precipitated unchanged, 
 on the addition of water. Almost entirely soluble 
 in water, alkaline solutions, or dilute acids. Solu- 
 ble in 5 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts. of hot alcohol; 
 and in 118 pts. of ether. Also soluble in hot oil 
 of turpentine, and in fatty oils. (Wittstein's 
 Handw. ) 
 
 ELATHiN(from the action of sulphur and am- 
 monia upon acetone). Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. (Zeise.) 
 
 ELAYL. Vid. Ethylene. 
 
 ELAYL()XALATE OF SiLVER(of Plantamour). 
 2 Ag 0, C 8 H 4 6 
 
 ELAYLSTANNETHYL. Vid. 4 StannEthyl. 
 (C 4 H fi ) 4 Sn 4 
 
 ELEMI. See under RESINS. 
 
 ELLAGIC ACID. Not entirely, but nearly in- 
 (BezoaHc Acid. soluble in water. Sparingly 
 Bezoard+cAcid) soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 28 H{! 16 + l ether. Soluble in alkaline solu- 
 tions, and in warm concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated unchanged on the 
 addition of water. 
 
 ELLAGATE OF AMMONIA. Insoluble, or but 
 sparingly soluble, in water. 
 
 ELLAGATE OF BARYTA. Decomposes when 
 C 28 H 4 Baj 16 , Ba O, H (?) exposed to the air. In- 
 soluble in boiling water. 
 
 ELLAGATE OF LEAD(basic). 
 CM H 4 Pb 2 16 , 2 Pb 
 
 ELLAGATE OF LIME. 
 
 ELLAGATE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 ELLAGATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) C 28 H 4 K 2 16 Sparingly soluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 II.) C 28 H 4 K 2 1S +KO, H0(?) Very soluble in 
 water. Sparing- 
 ly soluble, or insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ELLAGATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Cj 8 H 4 Na 2 16 Less soluble than the corre- 
 sponding potash-salt in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Decomposed when exposed to the 
 air. Readily soluble in water. 
 
 EMETiN(from Cephaelis ipecacuanha). Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in cold, more easily soluble in warm 
 water. Very soluble in alcohol, and in dilute 
 acids. Almost insoluble in ether and the oils. 
 Most of its salts are easily soluble in water. The 
 salt of emetin, which exists naturally in the root 
 of ipecacuanha, is soluble in water, wine, and dilut- 
 ed alcohol. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 408.) 
 
 EMODIN. Readily soluble in boiling alcohol, 
 C^HujOjs and in fusel oil (amylalcohol). Some- 
 what soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 benzin. Soluble in glacial acetic acid, and in so- 
 lutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 EMULSIN. Vid. Synaptase. 
 
 EMYDIN. Very soluble in weak solutions of 
 caustic potash. Soluble in boiling chlorhydric 
 acid. Swells up in acetic acid, without dissolving 
 therein. (Fremy,^nn. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 161.) 
 
 DjjE^zBROMHYDROPHOSPiiORYL. Sparingly 
 C 12 H 8 Br s P soluble in ether. (Berthelot & De 
 Luca.) 
 
ESCULIN. 
 
 251 
 
 EQITISETIC ACID. Vid. Maleic Acid. 
 
 EQUISETIC ACID. Vid. Aconitic Acid. 
 
 ETCGOTIN. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Soluble in con- 
 centrated acetic acid, from which it is precipitated 
 by water. Insoluble in weak mineral acids. Sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it 
 is precipitated by water. Decomposed by nitric 
 acid. Soluble in a solution of caustic potash. 
 
 ERUCIC ACID. Soluble in hot alcohol. 
 C 14 ll< 2 4 = M H 4t o,, II 
 
 ERUCATE OP BARYTA. Ppt, in alcohol. 
 C 44 H 41 Ba 4 
 
 ERUCATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in ether. 
 C M H 41 Pb 4 
 
 ERUCATE OF SILVER. Ppt., in alcohol. 
 CuH^AgO, 
 
 ERUCATE OF SODA. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ERUCiN(from Sinapis alba). Insoluble in water, 
 or alkaline solutions. Difficultly soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol. Easily soluble in ether, bisulphide of 
 carbon, and oils. (E. Simon.) 
 
 ERYGLUCIN. Vid. ErythroMannite. 
 
 ERYTHRARSIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 C 4 As 3 H 6 3 ether, or potash-lye. 
 
 " ERYTHRIC ACID." Vid. Alloxan. 
 
 ERYTHRIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (ErytJirin. Erythrylin.) cold water. Soluble in 
 
 32 H 16 O lg 240 pts. of boiling water 
 
 (Schunck); in 170 (174?) 
 
 pts. of boiling water, separating out again as soon 
 as the temperature of the solution has fallen a few 
 degrees. (Heeren.) More soluble in alcohol, 
 especially when this is boiling, than in water. 
 (Schunck.) Soluble in 2.29 pts. of boiling alco- 
 hol, of 0.81 sp. gr., and in 32.5 pts. of the same 
 alcohol at 12. Insoluble in ether. (Heeren.) 
 Sparingly soluble in oil of turpentine. Easily 
 soluble in ether. (Schunck.) Soluble, with tol- 
 erable facility, in boiling acetic acid. Easily solu- 
 ble, without alteration, in cold aqueous solutions 
 of the caustic and carbonated alkalies. Insoluble 
 in concentrated boiling chlorhydric acid. (Heeren.) 
 
 ERYTHRATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Orsellate of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 ERYTHRATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 ERYTHRATE OF METHYL. Vid. Orsellate of 
 
 Methyl. 
 
 ERYTHRATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 ERYTHRELIC ACID. Somewhat less soluble 
 than orsellic acid in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ERYTHRELATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ERYTHRIC ETHER. Vid. Orsellate of Ethyl. 
 
 ERYTHRILIN. Insoluble in water. Decom- 
 
 C 22 H ir,0 6 posed by boiling with water. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. Readily soluble 
 
 in ammonia- water, and in alkaline liquors. (Kane.) 
 
 ERYTHRISCHIC ACID. Vid. Alloxan. 
 
 EUYTHROBETIC AciD(from the red beet). 
 Slowly deliquescent. Very easily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in absolute alcohol, or in ether. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol of 80%, tolerably 
 easily soluble in alcohol of 60%. (L. Meier.) 
 
 ERYTHRIN. Vid. Orsellate of Ethyl. 
 
 ERYTHRIN. Vid. Erythric Acid. 
 
 ERYTHROGENE. Insoluble in water, ether, or 
 aqueous alkaline solutions. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol and oils. (Bizio.) 
 
 ERYTHROGLUCIN. Vid. ErythroMannite. 
 
 ERYTHROLEIC ACID. Nearly insoluble in 
 
 C2<jH 22 8 water. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Insoluble in oil of turpentine. Soluble 
 
 in solutions of the alkalies. With metallic oxides 
 
 it forms precipitates. (Kane.) 
 
 ERYTHROLEIN. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 C 2o H 22 4 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. Insoluble 
 in oil of turpentine. Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. (Kane.) 
 
 ERYTHRoLiTMiN. Very sparingly soluble in 
 C 22 H 22 o t2 + Aq water. Abundantly soluble in 
 hot, somewhat less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in ether. 
 Soluble in strong solutions of caustic potash. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 ERYTHROMANNITE. Extremely soluble in 
 
 (P/iycite. ErythroGlucin. PseudoOrcin.) water even 
 C 24 H so M = 2 * H J V I 8 + 2 Aq when this is 
 
 cold. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in cold, strong, or absolute alco- 
 hol ; more readily soluble at the temperature of 
 boiling, and more readily soluble in dilute alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in cold, somewhat soluble in boil- 
 ing ether. Soluble, with combination, in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. Unacted upon by 
 ammonia-water or by solutions of the caustic or 
 carbonated alkalies. (Stenhouse; Lamy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Pltys., (3.) 35. 139.) 
 
 ERYTHROPHYLLE. Soluble in water, and alco- 
 ( Red coloring matter of autumn leaves.) hoi. Soluble 
 
 in solutions of 
 
 the caustic alkalies. (Berzelius, Ann. der Pharm., 
 21. 265.) 
 
 ERYTHRORETIN. Almost insoluble in water. 
 C 19 H 9 7 Easily soluble in alcohol. Somewhat 
 difficultly soluble in ether, or acetic acid. 
 Insoluble in chlorhydric, or in dilute sulphuric, 
 acid. Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 and in aqueous alkaline solutions. (Schlossber- 
 ger & Dcepping.) Eeadily soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and benzin. 
 
 ERYTHROSIN. Soluble in acidulated spirit and 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic potash and soda. 
 Also soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Stffideler.) 
 
 ERYTHRYLIK. Vid. Erythric Acid. 
 
 ESCULIC ACID. Vid. Kinovic Acid. 
 
 ESCULETIN. Very sparingly soluble in cold, a 
 C 18 H,, 8 or C M HJ.J Ojs + 5 Aq little more soluble 
 in hot water. Al- 
 most insoluble in cold, easily soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Almost insoluble in ether. Soluble, 
 with alteration, in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Decomposed by warm concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, and by nitric acid. Easily soluble in solu- 
 tions of the alkalies. (Zwenger, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 90. 69.) 
 
 ESCULETIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. After 
 i H 15 21 ; 7 Pb having become dry, it is insolu- 
 ble in water; but when recently 
 precipitated, it is very sparingly soluble therein, a 
 portion of it being re-precipitated from the solu- 
 tion after this has stood for a long time. Insolu- 
 ble in spirit. (Zwenger, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 74.) 
 ESCULIN. Soluble in 600 pts. of cold, and in 
 
 (Polychrome. Bicolorin.) 13 pts. of boiling water ; the 
 C 76 H 41 47 + 5 Aq saturated hot solution solid- 
 
 ifying on cooling. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) Soluble in 24 pts. of boiling, 
 less soluble in cold alcohol of 0.798 sp. gr. Very 
 
252 
 
 ESSENTIAL OILS. 
 
 ble in 2 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., and in all 
 proportions in absolute alcohol. (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF ARTEMESiA(Sawton?ca). Insoluble in 
 C 10 H, water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid, the solution subsequently undergoing 
 decomposition. (Vcelcker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. 314.) 
 
 OIL OF ARTEMISIA vulgaris. Vid. Oil of Mug- 
 wort. 
 
 OIL OF As ARUM (from the root of Asarum eu- 
 (Essence de Cabaret.) ropceum). Only sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Readily soluble 
 
 generally soluble to an unlimited extent in "abso- in alcohol, ether, and the fixed and volatile oils, 
 lute alcohol, ether, naphtha, and the fixed oils. ! (Graeger, Sell & Blanche!.) 
 
 Soluble to no incon- 
 Very easily soluble in 
 
 sparingly soluble in absolute ether. Soluble in 
 solutions of the alkalies. Decomposed by boil- 
 ing dilute sulphuric or chlorhydric acid. 
 
 ESCULIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Ppt. De- 
 composed by washing with warm or cold water, 
 and by spirit. (Zwenger, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 66.) 
 
 EsEKBECKiN(from Esenbeckia febrifuga). 
 
 The ESSENCES; ESSENTIAL OILS; or Volatile 
 Oils, as they are often called, are mostly soluble 
 in water to a very limited extent. They in turn 
 dissolve a small proportion of water, which sepa- 
 rates out again at low temperatures. They are 
 
 Those composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, 
 t. e. those containing no oxygen, are as a class the 
 least soluble in alcohol, and water. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., pp. 335, 336.) Many of them are soluble 
 in benzin (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 261); in 
 concentrated acetic acid, and in oil of turpentine. 
 In oil of ocotea (Hancock) ; and in oil of man- 
 darin (De Luca). 
 
 For the solid essences, see under CAMPHORS. 
 
 Oleum absinthii. Vid. Oil of Wormwood. 
 
 Oleum aeon. Vid. Oil of Calamus. 
 
 OIL OF ACORNS. Appears to consist of an oil 
 (From the fruit of Quercus soluble in ether, and an- 
 robur and Q.pedunculata.) other oil soluble in alco- 
 hol of 0.85 sp.gr. (Bley.) 
 
 OIL [empyrenmatic] OF AMBER. Insoluble in 
 (AmberEupion.) water. Soluble in 15 pts. of alco- 
 C M H 16 ' hoi of 0.85 sp. gr. (Zeller) ; in 2 
 
 pts. of alcohol of 0.800 sp. gr. 
 (Anthon) ; in 50 pts. of alcohol of 0.855 sp. gr., 
 at the temp, of the hand. Readily soluble in ether 
 (Eisner, Doepping) ; in 2 pts. of ether (Anthon). 
 Soluble in fixed and volatile oils. (Eisner.) 
 
 Oleum amomi. Vid. Oil of Pimento. 
 
 Oleum anethi. Vid. Oil of Dill. 
 
 OIL OF ANGELICA (from the root of Angelica 
 archangelica). Soluble to a considerable extent in 
 water. 
 
 OIL OF ANGusTURA(from the bark of Galipea 
 offidnalis). 
 
 OIL OF ANiME(from the resin of Hymencea 
 Courbaril). Soluble, without turbidity, in alcohol. 
 (Paoli.) 
 
 OIL OF ANisE(from the seeds of Pimpinella 
 Anisum). Soluble in 2.4 pts. of alcohol, of 0.84 
 sp gr , at 24, and in all proportions in cold alco- 
 hol of 0806 sp. gr. (Saussure.) Soluble in 
 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 347.) [Compare Anethol.] 
 
 Oleum anthemidis. Vid. Oil of Chamomile. 
 
 Oleum anthos. Vid. Oil of Rosemary. 
 
 OIL OF ANTs(in the red ant, Formica re/a). In- 
 soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. (Marggraf, Nolle.) 
 
 OIL OF ARiSTOLOCHiA(C/ema<to). Soluble 
 Cj,H 1B 6 in 15 @ 28 pts. of alcohol, of 0.85 sp.gr 
 (Walz.) 
 
 OIL OF ARNICA. 
 
 a = (from the flowers of Arnica montana.] 
 Soluble in 100 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., be' 
 coming turbid and flocculent ; with 10 @ 60 pts 
 of absolute alcohol it forms a turbid liquid, which 
 becomes clear only when heated. (Zeller.) 
 6 = (from the roots of Arnica montana.) Solu 
 
 OlL OF ASSAFCETIDA. 
 
 siderable extent in water, 
 alcohol, and ether. (Hlaziwetz.) 
 
 Oleum asphalti. Soluble in 30 pts. of alcohol of 
 85 sp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 346.) 
 
 OIL OF ATHAMANTA. Vid. Oil of Peuceda- 
 num. 
 
 Oleum aurantiorum. . Vid. Oil of Orange. 
 
 OIL OF AuRicuLA(from Primula auricula). 
 (Aurikel Camphor. Stea- Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 roptene of Auricula.) uble in alcohol. (Huene- 
 
 feld.) 
 
 Oleum badiani. Vid. Oil of StarAnise. 
 
 OIL OF BALM(in the herb Melissa offidnalis). 
 Soluble in 5 I 6 pts. of alcohol of 0.856 sp. gr. 
 (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF BASiL(from Ocymum basilicum). 
 
 I.) liquid. 
 
 II.) solid. Sparingly soluble in cold, easily 
 
 (Basil Camphor.") 
 H 16 + 6 Aq 
 
 soluble in hot water. Imperfectly 
 soluble in cold, easily soluble in 
 hot alcohol. Scarcely any of it 
 is dissolved by six pts. of ether. Easily soluble 
 in acetic and nitric acids, and in ammonia-water. 
 (Bonastre.) 
 
 OIL OF BAT(from the berries of Laurus nobilis). 
 (OH of Laurel.) Easily soluble in alcohol. The 
 least volatile portion of the oil 
 dissolves but partially in alcohol, or in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash or ammonia, leaving 
 a brown oil, while the alcoholic solution contains 
 a crystalline substance. Readily soluble in ether, 
 and in fixed and volatile oils. (Brandes.) 
 
 OIL OF BEANs(in dry beans, Phaseolus commu- 
 nis) . 
 
 OIL OF BERGAMOT(in cells in the rind of Ci- 
 trus Bergarnia). Does not take up water, even 
 when boiled with it for a considerable time. (Sou- 
 beiran & Capitaine.) 
 
 Soluble in 0.5 pt. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. 
 " 2. " 0.951 " 
 
 " 28. " '0.966 " 
 
 (Vauquelin.) 
 Soluble in ether, and in concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 An opaque emulsion, formed by agitating a 
 certain quantity of oil of bergamot with alcohol 
 having been subjected to a pressure of 1100 at- 
 mospheres for a few minutes became perfectly 
 transparent, the solution of the oil in the alcohol 
 being now complete. (Perkins, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1823, (2.) 23. 411.) [See also Bergap- 
 tene ] 
 
 Oleum betulce. Vid. Oil of Birch. 
 
 OIL OF BIRCH-LEAVES (from Betula alba). 
 
 I.) Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble, in wa- 
 
ESSENTIAL OILS. 
 
 253 
 
 ter. Soluble in 8 pts. of alcohol, of 0.85 sp. gr., 
 at 1 2.5, forming a clear liquid, which becomes 
 turbid at 0. Slowly soluble in ether, separating 
 out again slowly at 0. (Grassmann.) 
 
 II.) (From Betula lenta.) Identical with oil of 
 winter-green, q. v. (Procter.) 
 
 OiL[empyreumatic] or BIRCH. Sparingly sol- 
 (Essence de bouleau.) uble in water. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. (So- 
 brero.) 
 
 OIL OF CAJEPUT(from the leaves of Malaleuca 
 Cajeputi, etc.). Readily soluble in alcohol. (Gui- 
 bourt, Zeller.) Soluble in 1 pt., or less, of alco- 
 hol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 347.) 
 
 OIL OF CALAMUS(from the root of Acorus cal- 
 (Essence d'acore.) amus, sweet flag). Scarcely at 
 all soluble in water. Soluble in 
 all proportions in absolute alcohol. 
 
 Soluble, without turbidity, in absolute alcohol, 
 and in 1 pt. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. According 
 to Schnedermann, it contains several different oils, 
 the most volatile of which is most probably of 
 composition C 20 H 16 . 
 
 OIL OF CAMOMILE. Vid. Oil of Chamomile. 
 OIL OF CAMPHOR. 
 
 a = fluid camphor from Dryobalanops camphora. 
 Vid. Borneene. 
 
 b = fluid camphor from Laurus camphora. Insol- 
 uble in water. Miscible in all proportions with 
 alcohol, ether, and oils. Also soluble in concen- 
 trated acetic, and sulphuric acids. 
 OIL OF CAOUTCHOUC. Vid. Caoutchin. 
 OIL OF CARANNA. Vid. Oil of Gomart 
 OIL OF CARAWAT(from the seeds of Carum 
 (Oleum cam.) cam). The crude oil is a mixture 
 of carvene and carvol, q. v. It is 
 somewhat soluble in water, and easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Schweizer.) Soluble in 1 
 pt., or less, of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 347.) 
 
 OIL OF CARDAMOM (from the seeds of Elet- 
 (Oltum Cardamomi.) taria Cardamomum). Solu- 
 ble in alcohol, ether, oils, 
 acetic acid, and potash-lye. (Dumas & Peligot.) 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 347.) 
 
 OIL OF CARROT (from the roots of Daucus Ca- 
 rota). Sparingly soluble in water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. (Wackenroder.) 
 Oleum Caryophylli. Vid. Oil of Cloves. 
 OIL OF CASCARiLLA(from the bark of Croton 
 Elateria). Sparingly soluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in 1 @ 2 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. 
 the solution becoming opalescent on the addition 
 of 3 or more pts. of alcohol. (Zeller.) Readily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 OIL OF CASSIA. Vid. Oil of Cinnamon. 
 OIL OF CASTOREUM. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in alcohol. (Bohn.' 
 Soluble in ether. (Brandes.) 
 
 OIL OF CEDAR. Vid. Oil of Juniper. 
 
 Oleum Cedro. Vid. Oil of Lemon. 
 
 OIL OF CELERT(from Apium graveolens). Spar 
 ingly soluble in water. Readily soluble, in alco 
 hoi, and ether. (Vogel, Tietzmann.) 
 
 OIL OF CHAMOMILE [Roman] (from the flow 
 
 (Oleum cmthemidis.) ers of Anthemis nobilis). Is a 
 
 mixture of a hydrocarbon 
 
 (Czo Hi e ) with hydride of angelicyl (do HT O 2 , H) 
 
 ,nd a small quantity of angelic acid. It is easily 
 oluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. 
 
 OIL OF CHAMOMILE [wild] (from the flowers of 
 \latricaria Chamomilla). Soluble in 8 10 pts. 
 if alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. Easily soluble in ether. 
 Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF CHECKERBERRT. Vid. Oil of Winter- 
 ;reen. 
 
 OIL OF Cfi'E'KOFODi'UM(Ambrosio'ides). Spar- 
 
 Oil of Mexican Wormseed.) ingly soluble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 :ther, and the fixed and volatile oils. (Bley.) Sol- 
 uble in 30 pts. of water and in 3 pts. of alcohol. 
 Becker.) 
 
 OIL OF CiNNAMONffrom Laurus cinnamomum). 
 
 I.) Oleum cinnamomi veri. When freshly prepared 
 t is sparingly soluble in water ; and easily soluble 
 n alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. ; and 
 n glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm.) Soluble in con- 
 centrated acetic acid. When old, essence of cin- 
 namon contains two resins : 
 
 a.) Soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 /*.) Very sparingly soluble in cold, but more 
 soluble in hot alcohol. 
 
 II.) Chinese oil of Cinnamon( from Laurus cassia). 
 
 Oil of Cassia.) Sparingly soluble in water. Very 
 
 easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 347.) 
 
 Oleum citri. Vid. Oil of Lemon. 
 
 OIL OF Citrus Lumia. Slightly soluble in al- 
 C M H 18 cohol. Very easily soluble in ether, and 
 bisulphide of carbon. (De Luca.) 
 
 OIL OF CLOVEs(from the buds or flower- 
 (Oleum Caryophylii.') stalks of Eugenia caryophyl- 
 lata). [Contains eugenic 
 acid, q. v., and a neutral oil, C 20 H 16 .] 
 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 347.) Completely soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, and concentrated acetic acid. (Bo- 
 nastre.) Insoluble in acetic acid of 1.05 sp. gr. 
 (Jahn.) Soluble in glycerin. The indifferent 
 oil, Cj,, H 16 (" Camphene of Oil of Cloves ") is 
 much less soluble in alcohol than oil of turpentine. 
 (Gr. Williams.) 
 OIL OF COFFEE. Soluble in ether. (Payen.) 
 
 OIL OF CONVOLVULUS (scoparius). 
 (Huile de bois de Rhode. Rosenhoh&l.) 
 
 OIL OF CopAiBA(from the balsam which 
 exudes from various species of Copaifera). 
 
 I.) C 20 H 1B Insoluble in water. Soluble in all 
 proportions in absolute alcohol 
 (Stoltze) ; soluble in 2.5 pts. of absolute alcohol ; 
 in 25 @ 30 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. at 25 
 (Blanchet) ; in 8 pts. of the most highly rectified 
 spirit (Schcenberg). Soluble in all proportions in 
 absolute ether (Stoltze); in less than 0.5 pt. of 
 common ether (Blanchet). Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in bisulphide of carbon. (Gerber.) Solu- 
 ble in acetic acid. 
 
 II.) Para-copaiba Oil (in a variety of balsam 
 C 20 Hj 6 copaiba from Brazil). Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in ether; less easily soluble in 
 absolute alcohol, and still less in common alcohol. 
 
 OIL OF CoRiANDER(from the fruit of Corian- 
 C M H 18 2 drum sativum). Readily and abun- 
 dantly soluble in alcohol, ether, glacial 
 acetic acid, and the fixed oils. (TrommsdorfF.) 
 
 OIL OF COURBARIL. Vid. Oil of Anime'. 
 
254 
 
 ESSENTIAL OILS. 
 
 OIL OP CtTBEBs(from Piper cubeba). Contains 
 Cubebene, q. v. ; and Camphor of Cubeb-Oil, q. v. 
 It dissolves to an opalescent solution, in 27 pts. of 
 alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 346.) 
 
 OIL OF Cu LI LA WAN (from the bark of Cinna- 
 (Oleum culilabani.) momum Culilowan). 
 
 OIL OF CuMlK(from Cuminum Cyminum.) 
 Contains Cymene, and Cuminol, q. v. It is solu- 
 ble in 3 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's 
 Pharm,, p. 347.) 
 
 OIL OF CuRCUMA(from the root of Curcuma 
 longa). 
 
 OIL OF DAHLiA(from the roots of several 
 species of Dahlia). Forms a turbid emulsion with 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. (Payen.) 
 
 OIL OF BiLL(from the seeds of Anethnm gra- 
 
 ( Oleum anethi.) veolens). Slightly soluble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol of 0.85 sp. 
 
 gr. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 347.) 
 
 OIL OF ELDER-FLOWERS(from Sambucus 
 nigra). Soluble in absolute alcohol, and ether. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., in oil 
 of rosemary, and in water. (Eliason.) 
 
 OIL OF ELEMi(in the resin of Idea Icicariba, 
 etc.). Insoluble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 weak alcohol. Easily soluble in alcoholic ether. 
 (Stenhouse.) 
 
 OIL OF ERGOT. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 alkaline solutions. 
 
 OIL OF FENNEL(from the seeds of Anethum 
 Faniculum). Consists almost entirely of two oils, 
 a light oil, volatile between 185 and 190, iso- 
 meric with oil of turpentine, and ancthol, q. v. 
 (Cahours.) Soluble in from 2 to 4 pts. of alcohol 
 of 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 347.) 
 
 OIL OF FENNEL with NITRIC OXIDE. Spar- 
 Coo H 48 N 8 18 = 3 C m 16 ", 8 N 2 (?) ingly soluble in 
 
 absolute alco- 
 hol, but scarcely at all soluble in spirit of 0.80. 
 Soluble in ether ; also in strong potash- lye, from 
 which it is re-precipitated on the addition of acids. 
 (Cahours.) 
 
 OIL OF GALANGA(from the roots of Alpinia 
 Galanga). Partially soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash ; completely and readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Vogel.) 
 
 OIL OF GALE(from Myrica Gale). Soluble in 
 40 pts. of alcohol of 0.875 sp. gr., at 15; more 
 abundantly soluble in ether. (Rabenhorst.) 
 Oleum Gaultherice. Vid. Oil of Winter-green. 
 
 OIL OF GERANIUM. 
 
 OIL OF Geumurbanum. Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 OIL OF GiNGER(from the roots of Zinziber 
 (Tngwercel. Essence de gingembre.) officinalis). 
 C 8 o H M + 5 Aq 
 
 OIL OF GoMAKT(from the resin of Bursera 
 (Bur sera Oil.) gummifera). 
 ^20 H ia 
 
 OIL OF HEDWiGiA(from the balsam of Hed- 
 wigia balsamifera). It dissolves completely at first 
 in more than 4 pts. of alcohol and in all propor- 
 tions in ether. (Bonastre.) 
 
 OIL OF HEMp(from Cannabis sativa). 
 
 OIL OF HOPS. Soluble in 10,000 pts. of water. 
 
 CM H, 8 (Payen & Chevallier) ; in more than 600 
 
 pts. of water. (Wagner.) 
 
 OIL OF HY8sop(from Hyssopus officinalis). 
 Easily soluble in absolute alcohol. Forms a clear 
 
 solution in from 1 i 4 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. 
 jr., a slightly opalescent solution with a larger 
 quantity of this alcohol. (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF IMPERATORIA. Vid. Oil of Master- 
 wort. 
 
 OIL OF JASMIN. Compare Jasmin Camphor, 
 under CAMPHOR. 
 
 OIL OF JoNQUiL(from Narcissus Jonquilla). 
 Soluble in ether. (Robiquet.) 
 
 OIL OF JuNipER(from Juniperus communis). 
 (Oil of Cedar.) The oil from ripe berries, i. e. ordi- 
 ^20 H 18 nary oil of juniper, is sparingly sol- 
 
 ble in alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. ; but 
 is soluble in 8 pts. of absolute alcohol, and is mis- 
 cible in all proportions with ether. (Blanchet.) 
 The oil from unripe berries is a mixture of two oils, 
 the less volatile of which is identical with the oil 
 of ripe berries. The more volatile oil is sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., is miscible with 
 1 pt. of absolute alcohol, but separates out on the 
 addition of more alcohol. Soluble in absolute 
 ether in all proportions. (Blanchet.) Soluble in 
 
 10 @ 12 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., forming a 
 turbid solution. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 346.) Very 
 sparingly soluble in water. Very soluble in warm, 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 Oil of juniper forms a clear solution with 0.5 
 pt. of absolute alcohol, and a turbid solution with 
 from 1 to 10 pts. (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF LAUREL. Vid. Oil of Bay. 
 
 OIL OF GUIANA LAUREL. Vid. Oil of Ocotea. 
 
 (Essence de Laurier.) 
 
 OIL OF LANCONBALSAM. Soluble in from 10 
 to 12 pts. of alcohol of 085 sp gr., forming a 
 somewhat turbid liquid ; and in all proportions in 
 ether, forming a clear solution. (Bonastre.) 
 
 OIL OF LAVENDER(from the flowers and leaves 
 (Oil of Spike.) of Lavandula angusti folia). Con- 
 tains an oil isomeric with oil of tur- 
 pentine, and a camphor similar to or identical with 
 common camphor. It is soluble in all propor- 
 tions in absolute alcohol, and in alcohol of 0.85 
 sp. gr. (Zeller) ; of 0.83 sp. gr. (Saussure). Solu- 
 ble in 2.5 pts. of alcohol of 0.887 sp. gr., at 20. 
 (Saussure.) Oil of spike dissolves in alcohol like 
 
 011 of lavender. (Zeller.) Soluble in acetic acid. 
 (See under Acetic Add.) 
 
 OIL OF LEMON(from the rind of Citrus limo- 
 (Oleum citri. Essence num, or medica). Slightly 
 de Citron. Huile de so i u bl e in water. Soluble in 
 Cedro. Citronenal. .. . , , . 
 
 Cederal.) a " proportions m absolute . 
 
 C 20 H 16 ' alcohol (Saussure, Zeller); 
 
 in 7.14 pts. of alcohol, of 0.837 
 sp. gr., at 16 (Saussure) ; with turbidity in 10 pts. 
 of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Zeller.) Soluble in al- 
 cohol, and in glacial acetic acid. (Berthelot, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 226.) Easily soluble in 
 ether. Easily miscible with essential and fatty oils. 
 
 OIL OF LiLAc(from the flowers of Syringa vul- 
 garis). Soluble in ether. 
 
 OIL "OF LiME(from the rind of Citrus limetta). 
 C, n H 1R Resembles oil of lemon. 
 
 OIL OF LiME-FLOWER(from the flowers of 
 Tilia Europea). Soluble in alcohol. (Landerer.) 
 Soluble in ether. (Herberger.) 
 
 Oleum mads (or maddis). Vid. Oil of Nutmeg- 
 flowers. 
 
 OIL OF MANDARiN(from the rind of Citrus 
 C 20 H IB bigaradia sinensis and myrtifolia). Insol- 
 uble in water, to which, however, it im- 
 parts its odor. Soluble in 10 pts. of alcohol, in 
 
ESSENTIAL OILS. 
 
 255 
 
 ether, glacial acetic acid, and in every proportion 
 in bisulphide of carbon. (Luca.) 
 
 OIL OF MARJORAM(from Origanum mnjorana). 
 Soluble, without turbidity, in 1 pt. of alcohol of 
 0.85 sp. gr., and with opalescence in 2 or more 
 pts. (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF [WILD] MARJORAM. Vid. Oil of Ori- 
 ganum. 
 
 OIL OF MASSOY(frorn the bark of Cinnamo- 
 mum Kiamis). 
 
 a = light oil. Readily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and strong acetic acid, and is separated from the 
 latter by the addition of 3 pts. of water. (Bo- 
 nastre.) 
 
 6 = heavy oil. Soluble in all proportions in 
 alcohol, ether, and strong acetic acid, from which 
 last it is precipitated by water. 
 
 OIL OF MASTERWORT(from the root of 7m- 
 (Essenced'Jmperatoire.') peratoria Ostruthium). 
 
 OIL OF MATico(from the leaves of Piper as- 
 peri folium). Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash or 
 ammonia. Soluble in oil of vitriol, the solution 
 becoming milky on the addition of water. 
 (Hodges.) 
 
 OIL OF MEADOW-SWEET. Vid. Oil of Spirca. 
 
 OIL OF MECCA-BALSAM (from Balsamodendron 
 gileadense). Soluble, with turbidity, in 12 pts. of 
 alcohol. (Bonastre.) Soluble in all proportions 
 in ether, forming a clear solution. Easily soluble 
 in rock-oil, and the fixed oils. Insoluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of caustic soda or ammonia. (Bo- 
 nastre.) Easily soluble in strong acetic acid. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 Oleum melissce. Vid. Oil of Balm. 
 
 Oleum Menthce crispce. Vid. Oil of Mint. 
 
 Oleum Menthce piperitce. Vid. Oil of Pepper- 
 mint. 
 
 Oleum Menthce viridis. Vid. Oil of Spearmint. 
 
 OIL OF MiGNONETTE(from the flowers of 
 Reseda odorata). Soluble in ether. (Buchncr.) 
 
 OIL OF MiLLEFOiL(from AchilleamiHefoUam). 
 
 I.) Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Bley.) 
 Soluble, without turbidity, in 1 pt. of alcohol of 
 0.85 sp. gr. ; with a larger quantity of the alcohol, 
 even with 40 pts., it forms a turbid solution. Ab- 
 solute alcohol dissolves it in all proportions. 
 (Zeller.) 
 
 II.) OIL OF NOBLE MiLLEroiL(from A. nobilis). 
 Soluble in alcohol, ether, and the fixed and vol- 
 atile oils. (Bley.) 
 
 OIL OF MINT. Soluble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 
 
 (Oleum Mentha; crispee.) 0.85 sp. gr. 
 Essence de Mirbane. Vid. NitroBenzin. 
 
 Oleum Monardce. 
 ( Oil of Horse-mint.) 
 
 OIL OF MuGwoRT(from the root of Artemisia 
 (Beifussal.) vulgaris). Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and the oils of rosemary, tur- 
 pentine, and poppy. (Bretz & Eliason.) Insolu- 
 ble in aqueous alkaline solutions. 
 
 ESSENCE OF MUSTARD. Vid. SulphoCyanide 
 of Allyl. 
 
 OIL OF MTRRn(from Balsamodendron, Myrrha, 
 C 20 H 14 O 2 and B. Kalaf). Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. ( Ruickholdt. ) 
 Oleum myristicce. Vid. Oil of Nutmeg. 
 
 OIL OF NASTURTirjM(from Tropceolum majus). 
 (Essence de Qapucine.) 
 
 OIL OF NEROLi(from the flowers of Citrus 
 
 (Oil of Orange-flower. Aurantium). Dissolves to 
 
 Oleum aurantiorumjiorum.) a clear solution in 1 <8> 3 
 
 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 
 
 sp. gr., and with turbidity in a larger quantity. 
 (Zeller.) One portion of the crude oil is easily 
 soluble in water, the other sparingly soluble. 
 (Soubeiran.) Ether, almond-oil, and castor-oil, 
 abstract the whole of the volatile oil from orange- 
 flower water. ( Ader. ) 
 
 OIL OF NiGELLA(from the seeds of Nigella 
 saliva). Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Reinsch.) 
 
 OIL OF NUTMEG (from the seed of Myristica 
 ( Oleum mads (or macidis). aromatica). Readily sol- 
 Oleum myristicce.') nble in alcohol, the solu- 
 
 tion becoming milky on 
 
 the addition of water. (Basse.) It unites with 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, forming a 
 soapy mass. (Bley.) Soluble in 6 pts. of alcohol 
 of 0.85 sp. gr. Soluble in ether. 
 
 OIL OF OcoTEA(from several species of Oco- 
 (Lamel oil of Guiana, tea). Insoluble in water. 
 Essence de Laurier.) Soluble in alcohol.and ether, 
 c a> H i and the fatty and volatile 
 
 oils. (Hancock.) 
 
 OIL OF OLiBANUM(in frankincense, the gum 
 Cjg H 2g o resin of Boswellia floribunda, and B. ser- 
 rata). Soluble in all proportions in ab- 
 solute alcohol, and ether ; less soluble in weaker 
 alcohol. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 OIL OF ORANGE-PEEL(from the rind of Citrus 
 
 (Oleum aurantiorum. Aurantium). Soluble in ab- 
 
 Oleumportugallo.) solnte a i co h o l, and with tur- 
 
 20 16 bidity in 7 10 pts. of alcohol 
 
 ofO.85sp.gr. (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF ORIGANUM (from Origanum vulgare). 
 
 (Oil of Wild Marjoram.) Soluble in 12 f 16 pts. of 
 
 alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., 
 
 forming a turbid liquid, and in all proportions in 
 absolute alcohol. (Zeller.) Soluble in hot ether. 
 
 OIL OF OsMiTOPSis(from Osmitopsis asteris- 
 
 c 2o H i8 a coides). Insoluble, or exceedingly 
 
 sparingly soluble in water. Soluble 
 
 in all proportions in alcohol, and ether. (Gorup- 
 
 Besanez, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 214.) 
 
 OIL OF PARSLEY (from the seeds of Apium 
 (Oleum petroselini. petroselinum) . Soluble in 2.5 
 Essence de persil.) ptg of a l coho l of 0-85 sp> gr . 
 
 ( Zeller. ) Tolerably easily solu- 
 ble in ether, and oils. 
 
 "PEAR OIL" of the Confectioners. Vid. Ace- 
 tate of Amyl. 
 
 OIL OF PELARGONIUM (from various species of 
 Pelargonium). Readily soluble in alcohol of 0.85 
 sp. gr. (Simonnet.) 
 
 OIL OF PENNYROYAL(European)(from Men- 
 (Oleum pulegii.) tha pulegium). Miscible with oil 
 ^2o H ie2 of turpentine. (Kane.) 
 
 OIL OF PENNYROYAL( American) (from Hede- 
 oma pulegioides). 
 
 OIL OF PEPPER(from Piper nigrum). 
 C 2 o H 1B 
 
 OIL OF PEPPERMiNT(from Mentha piperita). 
 
 (Oleum Mentha; piperita:.') Slightly soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in 1 i 3 pts. of 
 
 alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., forming a clear solution. 
 With a larger quantity of alcohol it forms an 
 opalescent solution. (Zeller.) Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in alcohol of 0.815 sp. gr., and in 10 pts. 
 
256 
 
 ESSENTIAL OILS. 
 
 of alcohol of 0.868 sp. gr. (Bley.) Soluble wit! 
 turbidity in bisulphide of carbon. (Bley.) Read 
 ily soluble, even in cold wood-spirit, alcohol, ether 
 and bisulphide of carbon ; less soluble in oil o 
 turpentine. 
 
 Oleum petrce. Vid. Petroleum. 
 
 OIL OF PIMENTO (from the fruit of Myrtus pi 
 menta). Completely soluble in alcohol, and ether 
 (Bonastre.) 
 
 OIL OF PIMPINELLA. 
 
 a = from the root of Pimpinella Saxifraga 
 Slightly* soluble in water. Easily soluble in al 
 cohol, and ether. (Bley.) 
 
 b from the root of Pimpinella nigra. Slightly 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether 
 and the fixed and volatile oils. 
 
 Oleum bini-semen. Vid. Templin Oil. 
 
 OIL OF PopLAR-BUDs(from the buds of Popu 
 lus nigra). Insoluble in water. Sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. Very soluble in ether. (Pellerin.) 
 
 Oleum pulegii. Vid. Oil of Pennyroyal. 
 
 OIL OF PuLEGiuM(??u'cran<Aum). Readily solu- 
 C-jo H 16 2 ble in alcohol, ether, and oils. (But- 
 tlerow.) 
 
 OIL OF PYRETHRUM. Vid. Oil of Feverfew. 
 
 OIL OF ROMAN CAMOMILE. Vid. Oil ol 
 
 Chamomile. 
 
 OIL OF RosEMARY(in Rosmarinus officinalis). 
 (Oleum anthos. Oleum rosmarini.) Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in alco- 
 hol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Zeller.) Soluble in 40 pts. of 
 alcohol of 0.887 sp. gr. at 18. (Saussure.) Sol- 
 uble in oil of turpentine. 
 
 OIL OF RosEsffrom the flowers of various 
 species of Rosa). Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Soluble in 160 pts. of alcohol, of 0.815 sp. gr., at 
 18.7 (Gcebel) ; in 143 pts. of alcohol, of 0.806 sp. 
 gr., at 14, and in 33 pts. of this alcohol at 22. 
 (Saussure.) The oil is not separated from its 
 alcoholic solution by water. (Blanchet.) 
 
 OIL OF RUE (from Ruta graveolens). Vid. Hy- 
 ( Oleum rutce.) dride of Rutyl. 
 
 OIL OF SAFFRON(from Crocus sativus). Ea- 
 sily soluble in water. (Bouillon.) 
 
 OIL OF SAGE(from Salvia officinalis). Solu- 
 (Oleum salvice.) ble in all proportions in alcohol of 
 
 0.85 sp. gr. (Zeller.) 
 OIL OF SASSAFRAs(from the wood and bark of 
 C 18 H 10 4 (?) the roots of Lauras Sassafras). Sol- 
 uble in 4 @ 5 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 
 sp. gr. Sparingly soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the caustic alkalies. (Zeller, Bonastre.) Decom- 
 posed by concentrated sulphuric, and nitric acids. 
 OIL OF SAViN(from the leaves, &c., of Juni- 
 (Oleum Sabi7tce.) penis Sabina). Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in absolute alcohol ; to a 
 clear liquid in 2 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., 
 with opalescence in 3 pts. or more of this alcohol'. 
 (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF SEMEN-CONTRA. Vid. Oil of Worm- 
 seed. 
 
 Oleum Serpylli. Vid. Oil of Wild Thyme. 
 OIL OF SPEARMINT. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Oleum Menthce viridis.) 
 
 OIL OF SpiKE(from Lavendula latifolia). Re- 
 (Oleum Spicat.) sembles Oil of Lavender, q. v. 
 
 OIL OF SPIR^IA. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 (Oil of Meadow-sweet.) and ether. (Ettling.) 
 
 OIL OF SQUiLL(from Scillus Maritimus). Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Landerer.) 
 
 OIL OF STAR- ANISE (from the seeds of Illicium 
 (Oleum badiani.) anisatum). Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. (Meissner, Al- 
 man., 1818, p. 63 [Gm.].) Soluble in 5 pts. of al- 
 cohol of 0.85 sp, gr. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 347.) 
 [Compare Anethol.] 
 
 OIL OF SWEET SEDGE(or SWEET FLAG). Vid. 
 Oil of Calamus. 
 
 "OlL OF SYRINGA"(0^ram). 
 
 Lilac. 
 
 Vid. Oil of 
 
 OIL OF SYRiNGA(fromPMaaWpAus coronarius). 
 Soluble in ether. (Buchner.) 
 
 OIL OF TANSY. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Oleum tanaceti.) 
 
 OIL OF TARRAGO\(from Artemisia Dracun- 
 (Esdragoncel.) culus). Vid. Anethol. 
 
 OIL OF TEA. Insoluble, or very sparingly sol- 
 uble, in water. Soluble in ether. (Mulder.) 
 
 TEMPLIN OiL(from the cones on Pinus picea). 
 
 (Oleum pini-semen.) Soluble in 10 pts. of alcohol of 
 
 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 
 p. 346.) Resembles oil of turpentine in solubility. 
 
 (Flueckiger.) 
 
 OIL OF THUJA(from the twigs of Thuja 
 occidentalis) ( Arbor- vitae). Only slightly solu- 
 ble in water. Very easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. ( Sch weizer. ) 
 
 OIL OF THYME(from Thymus vulgaris). Solu- 
 
 (Ol.thymi. Thymen.) ble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 0.85 
 
 ^20 H 16 gp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 
 
 348.) Soluble in concentrated 
 
 acetic acid. 
 
 OIL fempyreumatic] OF TOBACCO. See under 
 Oils, fatty. 
 
 OIL OF TROP^EOLUM. Vid. Oil of Nastur- 
 tium. 
 
 OIL OF TURPENTINE. Almost entirely insol- 
 (jSpirits of Turpentine. u ble in water. Soluble in 
 
 mTentfofD^i'/M ) a " proportions in absolute 
 C, n H 8 " alcohol; and in 12 pts. of 
 
 alcohol of 0.858 sp. gr., at 
 10 (Blanchet & Sell) ; in 7.4 pts. of alcohol, of 
 0.84 sp. gr., at 22 (Saussure) ; in 4 vols. alcohol 
 of 0.83 sp. gr. ; in 5 vols. alcohol. (Auduard.) 
 5 vols. of oil of turpe.ntine are misdble with 1 vol. of 
 alcohol, and the mixture is not clouded by water, 
 the water only slowly removing the alcohol. 
 [Vauquelin.) Does not dissolve well in alcohol 
 unless this be free from water : 100 pts. of alcohol, 
 of 0.84 sp. gr. dissolve 13.5 pts. of it at 16.6. 
 [T.] Soluble in strong alcohol, in benzin, and in 
 strong wood-spirit. After alcohol or wood-spirit 
 mve been so much diluted with water that they 
 can no longer dissolve oil of turpentine, the ad- 
 dition of some benzin restores their solvent power. 
 Far more readily soluble in acetone than in ordi- 
 nary alcohol. (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 263.) 
 Soluble in wood-spirit in all proportions, the solu- 
 ;ion being rendered turbid on the addition of wa- 
 ;er. (Gmelin.) Soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 'lacial acetic acid. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 3.) 37. 225.) Insoluble in glacial acetic acid. 
 Deville.) Soluble in most of the volatile oils. 
 Hiscible with bisulphide of carbon (Lampadius), 
 with chloroform (Huraut & Larocque) and the 
 atty oils (Wittstein's Handw.). Easily soluble 
 n ether. (Ib.) Soluble in most of the volatile 
 ills. (Braconnot.) Its solubility in alcohol is 
 ot increased, but, on the contrary, somewhat 
 iminished, by the presence of nitric acid. (De- 
 ille, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 82.) Decom- 
 osed by concentrated mineral acids. Soluble 
 
ETHYLACETOSAMIN. 
 
 257 
 
 in acetate of ethyl, butyric acid, and fusel oil. 
 (Berthelot, Gm., 14. 258.) 
 
 OIL OF VALERIAN (from. Valeriana cfficinalis). 
 (01. Valeriana. Soluble in 1 pt. ofalcohol of 0.85 
 Baldiiance.1.) g p g r ^ an( ^ j n a jj proportions in 
 
 absolute alcohol. (Zeller.) Con- 
 tains valerole (C 12 H 10 O 2 ), and horneene (C 20 Hie), 
 q. v. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 275.) 
 
 OIL OF VITIVERIA. Soluble in ether. (Cap.) 
 
 OIL OF WATER HoREHOUND(from Lycopus 
 Europceus). 
 
 OIL OF WILD THYME(from Thymus serphyl- 
 (Oleum serpkyUi.) lum). Soluble in all proportions 
 in alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. (Her- 
 berger, Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF WiNTER-GREEN(from the leaves, &c. of 
 (Oil of Ckeckerberry. Gaulth&ia procumbens) . Spar- 
 Oleum Gaultkeria.)' ingly soluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 OIL OF WoRMSEED(from the buds of various 
 (Oil of Semen-contra. species of Artemisia). Soluble 
 Oleum muz.) j n 1000 pts. of water. Readily 
 
 C M H zo j soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Trommsdorff.) Soluble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 
 0.85 sp. gr., and in all proportions in absolute al- 
 cohol. (Zeller.) [Compare Oil of Chenopodium.] 
 
 OIL OF WORM WOOD (from Artemisia absin- 
 (Oieum absinthii.) thum). Soluble in all propor- 
 tions in alcohol of 0.85 
 sp. gr., and in absolute alcohol. (Zeller.) 
 
 OIL OF ZEDOARIJE. Easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. 
 
 ETHAL. Vid. Hydrate of Cetyl. 
 ETHALIC ACID. Vid. Palmitic Acid. 
 ETHAMANILIN. ^Vid. Ethyl Amy lAnilin. 
 ETHAMIN. Vid. Ethylamin. 
 
 fiiETHAMYLAMiN. Vid. ch'EthylAmylamin. 
 
 C 18 H 21 N 
 
 Jrt'ETHAMYLAMiN. Vid. Amyfri'Ethylammo- 
 nium. 
 
 ETHANE. Vid. Ethylene. 
 
 ETHANILIN. Vid. EthylAnilin. 
 
 ETHANILINUREA. Vid. PhenylUrea. 
 
 ETHENE. Vid. Ethylene. 
 
 ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl. 
 
 Ether Chlorosulfur^. Vid. Oxide of ChloroSulph- 
 
 "ETHERIN." Vid. Ethylene. 
 
 ETHERIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 \Xtherin stear op- co hol, and with especial ease 
 tene of Wine-oil.} *.t_ i r . , 
 
 c H " in ether, and in etherol (oil of 
 
 wine). (Serullas.) Insoluble 
 in chlorhydric acid, in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies, or in hot acetic acid. Soluble in 
 cold nitric acid, and 'in warm concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which water precipitates it. 
 
 ETHEROL. Vid. Oil of Wine. 
 
 ETHERONE. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 (JEthcron.) ether. (Marchand.) 
 
 ETHEROPHOSPHOROUS ACID. Vid. Ethyl- 
 Phosphorous Acid. 
 
 ETHER sulfur* (of Malaguti) . Vid. Oxide of bi- 
 SulphEthyl. 
 
 ETHIONIC AciD(Anhydrous). Deliquescent. 
 
 Sui/tir"^!^^" Very soluble in water, 
 
 f'arbylsuifat?) * w i tn evolution of heat, 
 
 i H 4 S 4 12 = C 4 H 4 , 2 S 2 8 and in alcohol, with 
 
 33 
 
 formation of the hydrated acid. Soluble in 
 ether. 
 ETHIONIC ACID. Known only in solution. 
 
 (Carby I Sulphuric Acid. JEMonic Acid.) The metallic 
 C 4 H S 4 14 = C 4 H 4 , 4 S O 3 , 2 H ethionates are 
 
 soluble in wa- 
 
 ter; many of them are precipitated from the 
 aqueous solution on the addition of alcohol. 
 (Magnus.) 
 
 ETHIONATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ETHIONATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 10 
 C 4 H 4 Ba.j S 4 O u + Aq pts. of water at 20. The 
 concentrated, but not the 
 dilute, aqueous solution is decomposed by ebulli- 
 tion. Very slowly soluble in alcohol. Absolute 
 alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Magnus.) 
 
 ETHIOXATE OF COPPER. 
 
 ETHIONATE OF LEAD. Resembles the baryta 
 salt. 
 
 ETHIONATE OF LIME. Resembles the baryta 
 salt. 
 
 ETHIONATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 4 K 2 S 4 14 + ACL 
 
 ETHIONATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 4 Na 2 S 4 ]4 -f 2 Aq 
 
 ETHOKIRRIN. Vid. Anthokirrin. 
 
 ETHYL. Insoluble in water. (Frankland.) 
 
 1 vol. of water under 
 
 a pressure of Om.76 
 
 of mercury at C. 
 
 Dissolves of ethyl : 
 
 vols., reduced to C. 
 
 and Om. 76 pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 0.03147 
 
 1 0.03040 
 
 2 0.02947 
 
 3 0.02856 
 
 4 0.02770 
 
 5 0.02689 
 
 6 0.02613 
 
 7 0.02541 
 
 8 0.02474 
 
 9 0.02412 
 
 10" 0.02355 
 
 11 0.02303 
 
 12 0.02257 
 
 13 0.02216 
 
 14 0.02179 
 
 15 0.02147 
 
 16 0.02121 
 
 17 0.02100 
 
 18 0.02084 
 
 19 0.02073 
 
 20 0.02065 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 288, 128, 146.) 
 Readily soluble in absolute alcohol, from which 
 water sets it free. 1 volume of absolute alcohol at 
 14.2 and 744.8mm. pressure, absorbs 18.13 vol- 
 umes of it. (Frankland, /. Ch. Soc., 2. 287.) 
 
 ETHYLACETAMID. Soluble in all proportions 
 
 SC 4 H B in water, and alcohol. 
 H 3 2 ( A Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 42. 54.) 
 
 Z)JETHYLACETAMID. 
 
 ETHYLC^ACETAMID. 
 
 ETHYLACETOSAMIN. Soluble in water, alcohol, 
 
 C 4 H 5 and ether. (Natanson.) 
 C, H fl N = N J C 4 H 8 
 
258 
 
 ETHYLCAPRYLAMIN. 
 
 ETHYL.ACETONE. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 10 0., Miscible in all proportions with alcohol. 
 
 (Fittig.) 
 ETHYLALLYLUBEA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLAMID. Vid. Ethylamin. 
 
 ETHYLAMIN. Miscible in all proportions with 
 
 (Ethylammonia. Ethylamid. water, with evolution of 
 Ethamin. Ethy^iaque.) much heat The golu . 
 
 C 4 H 7 N = N | H * s tion is somewhat viscous ; 
 
 it is decomposed by long- 
 
 continued boiling. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30.472.) 
 
 Z>ETHYLAMIN. Very soluble in water. Solu- 
 C H N =N | ( c * H <^ 2 ble i chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Hofmann.) 
 
 ZKExHYLAMiN. Tolerably soluble in water, 
 C 12 H 15 N = NS(C 4 H 5 ) 3 though less soluble than 
 
 diethylamin. 
 
 ETHYLAMINE bromtf, &c. Vid. Bromo, (&c.) 
 Ethylamin. 
 
 ETHYLAMMONIA. Vid. Ethylamin. 
 TkraETHYLAMMONiuM. Not isolated. 
 
 ( Tetrathylium.) 
 
 ETHYLAMYL. 
 
 (Ethylide ofAmyl.) 
 r H C 4 H B I 
 ^^-cf.lU 
 
 D/ETHYLAMYLAMIN. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 C 18 H M N = N \ ( c * H )s in water. Less soluble in 
 
 ( c io H u water and in acids than 
 
 methylethylamin. (Hof- 
 
 mann.) 
 
 7r/ETHYLAMYLAMMONIUM. Vid. 
 
 Ethylammonium. 
 
 ETHYLAMYLANILIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (EthylAmylPhenylamin. I Hofmann . ) 
 
 Vmemylanilin. Ethamanilin.) 
 f C H 
 
 ETHYLAMYLCITRIC ACID. Insoluble, or very 
 C 12 H 6 (C 4 U 6 ) (C 10 H u ) 14 sparingly soluble, in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. (Breunlin, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm.. 91. 
 322.) 
 
 ETHYLAMYLPHENYLAMIN. Vid. EthylAmyl- 
 Anilin. 
 
 ETHYLAMYLSOLANIN. 
 
 C M H 49 NO t4 = 
 
 ETHYLAMYL UREA. 
 
 C 
 
 ETHYI.ANILIN. Soluble in alcohol. Its salts 
 
 (EthaniliM EthylPhcnyl- are remarkably soluble 
 
 amm - v ' na ^ H especially in water. They' 
 
 C 16 H U N = N ) cffl/ are generally less soluble 
 
 f H in alcohol than in water. 
 
 .D/ETHYLANILIN. 
 
 ( Di Ethyl Phenylamin. 
 
 BiVinAnilin.) 
 
 C 20 H 15 N = NJ( C 4H S ), 
 
 ( ^12 "5 
 
 ETHYLARSENIC ACID. Vid. ArsenEthylic 
 Acid. 
 
 o E 7S T , LATE op B ENZYL. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl 
 & of Toluenyl. 
 
 ETHYLATE OF BUTYL. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl & 
 of Butyl. 
 
 ETHYLATE OF ETHYLENE. Vid. Acetal. 
 
 ETHYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl 
 & of Methyl. 
 
 Insoluble in water. 
 
 C 16 H 13 N Br 2 =N j % H fi . Soluble in acids. (M. 
 <(.^6 u 4 1 "Mj Simpson.) 
 
 ETHYLBROMANILIN. Soluble in ether. 
 
 ( C 12 H 4 Br 
 C 16 H 10 BrjN =N?C 4 H B 
 
 ETHYLBROMOSALICYLIC ACID. Very easily 
 (BromoSalicylate of Ethyl.) soluble in alcohol. (Ca- 
 C 18 H 9 Br 6 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 1O. 364.) 
 
 ETIIYL&Z'BROMOSALICYLIC ACID. Very spar- 
 C 18 H e Br 2 O s ingly soluble in cold alcohol, but 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. Soluble, 
 with combination, in a cold concentrated aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash ; and, after a time, in 
 ammonia-water. (Cahours, foe. cit.) 
 
 ETHYLBRDCIN. Vid. Hydrate of EthylBrucin. 
 
 ETHYLBUTYL. 
 
 (Ethyl Tetr yl. Ethylide of Tetryl. 
 Ethylate of Butyl.) 
 
 ETHYLCACODYL. Vid. ArsenWEthyl. 
 
 ETHYLCACODYLIC ACID. Vid. ArsenEthylic 
 Acid. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Camphovinic Acid.) Very sparingly solu- 
 
 C 24 H 20 8 = C 20 H 1B (C 4 H B ) 8 ble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Soluble, with 
 
 combination, in alkaline solutions ; these undergo 
 decomposition when boiled, as does the aqueous 
 solution after long boiling. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF ALUMINA. Insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 C 20 H J4 (N H 4 ) (C 4 H B ) 8 in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF COPPER. Insoluble, 
 or nearly insoluble, in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Cam- 
 ph orate of Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF IRON. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF LEAD. Nearly insol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF MANGANESE. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF MERCURY(Hg 0). 
 Insoluble, or nearly insoluble, in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 c 24 H 19 Ag0 8 Soluble in water. (Laurent, 
 Method, p. 250.) 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ETHYLCAMPHORATE OF ZINC. Insoluble, or 
 nearly insoluble, in water. 
 
 ETHYLCAPRYLAMIN. Vid. EthylOctylamin. 
 
ETHYLENE. 
 
 259 
 
 ETHYLCAEBAMIC ACID. Unknown. 
 
 N 
 
 45 
 
 (C 0) 2 .0 
 
 , HO 
 
 ETHYLCARBAMATE OF ETHYL. Miscible with 
 (Ethyl Urethran.) cold concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 Oi H u N0 4 without decomposition. Decom- 
 
 posed on heating. (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 ETHYLCARBAMATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Soluble 
 
 ( Anhydrous Carbamate of Ethylamin.) in water. 
 
 C 3 4 , 2 C 4 H 7 N = C 6 H 6 (H C 4 H 7 N) N O 4 
 
 ETHYLCARBONIC ACID. Vid. Carbonate of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLCARBONATE OF X. Vid. Carbonate of 
 Ethyl & of X. 
 
 ETHYLCHLORANILIN. Soluble in ether. 
 
 i C 12 H 4 Cl its salts are much 
 H 10 Cl N = N C 4 H 6 more soluble than 
 
 those of chloranilin. 
 . Soluble in ether. 
 
 ETHYLCHLOROPLATINIC ACID. Slowly Soluble 
 
 (ChloroPlatinate of Ethyl.) in water. The aque- 
 
 C 4 H 4 Pt-j Cl a = C 4 H 4 Pt, Pt C1 2 ous solution is de- 
 composed by boil- 
 
 ing, unless it be strongly acidulated with chlor- 
 hydric acid. Soluble in alcohol. (Zeise.) 
 
 ETHYLCHLOROPLATINATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 C 4 H 4 Pt 3 C1 2 , N H 4 Cl + 2 Aq Soluble in less than 
 5 pts. of cold water ; 
 less soluble in alcohol. (Zeise.) 
 ETHYLCHLOROPLATINATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 (Iiiflammable Platino Potassic salt.) Soluble in 5 ptS. of 
 C 4 H 4 Pt 2 C1 2 , K Cl moderately warm 
 
 water ; less soluble 
 
 in alcohol. The aqueous solution is decomposed 
 when heated, unless sulphuric, nitric, or chlor- 
 hydric acids, or an excess of chloride of potassium, 
 be present. 
 
 ETHYLCHLOROPLATINATE OF SODIUM. Not 
 readily crystallized ; slowly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ETHYL^CHLOROSALICYLIC ACID. Soluble in 
 
 (BiCUornSalicijlale of Ethyl. boiling Water. 
 
 Salicylic Ether bicMori.) Soluble in 
 
 C 18 H 8 CI 2 6 = C 4 H D 0,C 14 H 3 C1 2 8 alcoh{)1 (Cft , 
 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 461.) 
 
 ETHYL&CINNAMYLAMIN. Vid. Hydrate of 
 EthyknPhenylammonium. 
 
 ETHYLCOLLIDIN. Soluble in absolute alcohol 
 C M N H 1B = C 16 H 10 (C 4 H 5 ) N and in ether. (An- 
 derson.) 
 
 ETHYLCOMENIC ACID. Easily soluble in hot 
 C 16 H 8 10 = C 12 H 3 (C 4 H ) 10 water. The aqueous 
 solution is slowly de- 
 
 composed by boiling. Very readily soluble in 
 alcohol. (How.) Its alkaline, and alkaline 
 earthy, salts are very soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLCOMENATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 C 12 H 2 (N H 4 ) (C 4 H 5 ) 10 
 
 ETHYLCOMENATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 C 12 H 2 Ag(C 4 H 5 )0 10 
 
 ETHYLCONIIN. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 r> u XT M S C, B H 14 " More soluble in cold than 
 
 uble, with combination, in 
 
 acids, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 
 89. 133.) 
 
 -Dt'ETHYLCONIIN. 
 
 Coniin. 
 
 ETHYLCYANAMIN. 
 
 (Ethyl Cyanamid. ) 
 
 Z*t'ETHYLCYANAMIN. 
 
 5 (^4 "5/2 
 
 
 
 Vid. Hydrate of cfc'Ethyl- 
 
 ETHYLC/t'CYAN&t'AMIN. 
 (C 4 H B 
 
 C 8 H 8 N 4 =N 2 (C 2 N) 2 
 
 ETHYLCYANANILIN. Soluble in dilute snl- 
 (CyanicEthylanilid.) phuric acid, with combi- 
 ^ 5 nation. 
 
 H 5 
 
 N 
 
 ETHYLCYANURIC ACID. Readily soluble in 
 
 C 14 H u N s 9 = C 6 N 3 6 (C 4 H 6 ) 2 H hot, sparingly sol- 
 
 uble in cold water. 
 
 Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Easily sol- 
 uble in dilute solutions of ammonia, potash, or 
 baryta, crystallizing out unaltered when the liquid 
 is evaporated 
 
 ETHYLCYANURATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 hot, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 ETHYLCYANURATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 ETHYLCYANURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 ETHYLCYANURATE OF MERCUHY(Hg 2 O). 
 Ppt. 
 
 ETHYLCYANURATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 C 6 N 8 8 (C 4 H 6 J 2 Ag hot, less soluble in cold water. 
 (Habich & Limpricht.) 
 
 ETHYLENE. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 (Olefiant Gas. Bi (or heavy) alcohol, or ether. 
 Carbureted Hydrogen Elayl. Soluble in 8 vols. 
 
 Ethene. Elhenn. H&herm.) tT , , , 
 
 c H ,i water (Faraday) ; in 
 
 12 vols. water (Dai- 
 
 ton [?] Phil. Mag., 24. 15. [T.]); in 8 vols. 
 water (Dalton, in his New System, 2. 438). 
 
 1 vol. of water under 
 
 a pressure of Om .76 of 
 
 mercury at C. 
 
 Dissolves of olefiant gas : 
 
 vols., reduced to C. 
 
 and Om. 76 pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 0.2563 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 0.2473 
 0.2388 
 0.2306 
 0.2227 
 0.2153 
 0.2082 
 0.2018 
 0.1952 
 0.1893 
 0.1837 
 0.1786 
 0.1737 
 0.1693 
 0.1652 
 0.1615 
 0.1583 
 0.1553 
 0.1528 
 0.1506 
 
 20 0.1488 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 288, 128, 150. 
 
260 
 
 ETHYL1R1SIN. 
 
 Dissolves of olefiant gas : 
 
 1 yol. of alcohol under _ yo] reduced to C. 
 
 a pressure of 0m. 76 of d Q ' 76 presgure of 
 
 mercury at C. mercury. 
 
 3.5950 
 
 1 35379 
 
 2 3.4823 
 
 3 3.4280 
 
 4 3.3750 
 
 5 3 3234 
 
 6 3.2732 
 
 7 3.2243 
 
 8 3.1768 
 
 9 3.1307 
 
 10 3.0859 
 
 11 3.0425 
 
 12 30005 
 
 13 2.9598 
 
 14 2.9205 
 
 15 2.8825 
 
 16 2.8459. 
 
 17 2.8107 
 
 18 2.7768 
 
 19 2.7443 
 
 20 2.7131 
 
 21 2.6833 
 
 22 2.6549 
 
 23 2.6279 
 
 24 2 6022 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 288, 128, 152.) 
 
 At 18 C. and the ordinary 
 pressure, 100 vols. of 
 
 Absorb vols. 
 ofC 4 H 4 . 
 
 Water, 15.5 
 
 Alcohol of 0.84 sp. gr., 127.0 
 
 Rectified naphthaofO.784sp.gr., 261.0 
 Oil of lavender (freshly distilled) 
 
 of 0.880 sp. gr., 209.0 
 
 Olive oil of 0.915 sp. gr., 122.0 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 chloride of potassium (contain- 
 ing 26% KC1) of 1.168 sp. gr., 10. 
 (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1814, 
 47. pp. 167, 169.) 
 
 1 vol. of alcohol absorbs 2 vols., and 1 vol. of ether 
 
 2 vols. of it at the ordinary temperature ; but one 
 half of the gas is given off again when water is 
 added to the alcoholic solution. 
 
 1 vol. of oil of turpentine absorbs from 2.1 15) 
 2.6 vols. of it. (Saussure, in Gm., 14. 270.) 
 1 volume of oil of turpentine absorbs 2.5 vols., and 
 1 vol. of olive oil 1 vol. of it. (Faraday.) 1 vol. 
 of concentrated sulphuric acid absorbs 1.4 vols. of 
 it. (Liebig.) 1 vol. of ether absorbs 1 vol. of it. 
 (Kolbe's Lehrb.,1. 112.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Tolerably soluble 
 in alcohol, in most inflammable liquids, and in a 
 chlorhydric acid solution of dichloride of copper 
 at the ordinary temperature ; it is evolved from its 
 solutions when these are boiled. (Berthelot, Ann. 
 Ch. etPhys., (3.) 51. 67.) Very slowly absorbed by 
 oil of vitriol. (Berthelot, loc. c.it.) According to 
 Berthelot, the statements of Faraday and others, 
 that olefiant gas is easily soluble in oil of vitriol, 
 are erroneous. 100 grammes of monohydrated 
 sulphuric acid can absorb 61.7 grms. (120 vols.) 
 of olefiant gas. It is, however, best to use twice 
 this amount of acid, if one desires to obtain a 
 complete absorption. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. ct 
 Phys., (3.) 43. 391, note.) 
 
 1 volume of 
 
 Dissolves vols. of C 4 H 4 
 
 (containins 2 per cent of 
 
 impurity). 
 
 Water, 0.11 
 
 Ordinary alcohol, 1 
 
 Absolute alcohol, 1 
 
 Amyl alcohol, 1 .5 
 
 Olein, about 1 
 
 Glacial acetic acid, 1.25 
 
 Oil of turpentine, nearly 2 
 
 Dichloride of copper (in H Cl), 
 
 at least 5 
 
 Ether, about 3 
 
 Bisulphide of carbon, nearly 2 
 Chloroform, 3.33 
 
 Benzin (crystallizable), . . 3 
 
 (Berthelot & De Luca, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 43. 276.) 
 
 Largely soluble in naphtha. (Hess.) Insoluble 
 in caoutchin. 
 
 Vid. BromEthylene. 
 Vid. ChlorEthylene. 
 Vid. lodEthylene. 
 
 ETHYLENEPHENYLAMIN. Very easily soluble 
 (Isomeric with AcetoylPhenyl- in alcohol, with subse- 
 
 in, and Phtalidin. 
 
 " 
 
 nt decomposition. 
 
 Z)tETHYLENEC?JPHENYL&z'AMIN. Insoluble in 
 
 r> H v V ( ( C 4 H "> water. Scarcely at all 
 C 32 H 18 N - N 2 . 
 
 ficultly soluble in boiling alcohol. Easily soluble 
 in ether. 
 
 Insoluble in 
 
 C 48 H 27 N 3 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 ETHYLENE STANNETHYL. Vid. StannEthyl. 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Sn 4 
 
 ETHYLFORMIAMID. Soluble in all proportions 
 e C 2 H 2 in water, and alcohol. 
 C 8 H 7 N 2 = N ? C 4 H 5 ( A> Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 42. 56.) 
 
 ETHYLGLYCERIN. 
 C 4 H 8 6 
 
 jBz'ETHYLGLYCERiN. Vid. c?JEthylin. 
 
 ETHYLHEMIPINIC ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 CM H 14 ]3 4- 3 Aq = Cjo H 9 (C 4 H 6 ) 12 + 3 Aq in cold, 
 
 some- 
 what more soluble in boiling water. Soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 ETHYLHEMIPINATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 water [?]. Very alterable. 
 
 ETHYLHYPOSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. IsEtW- 
 
 onic Acid. 
 
 ETHYLHYPOStTLPHUROUS AciD. Vid. Ethyl- 
 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 DZ'ETHYLIA. Vid. rfz'Ethylamin. 
 ETHYLIAQUE. Vid. Ethylamin. 
 ETHYLIDE OF AMYL. Vid. EthylAmyl. 
 ETHYLIDE OF BUTYL. Vid. EthylButyl. 
 ETHYLIDE OF ZINC. Vid. ZincEthyl. 
 
 DI'ETHYLIN. Insoluble, or nearly insoluble in 
 (BiEthylin. BiEthylo Glycerin.) water. (Berthelot, 
 
 r H o fr ^I'l I o Ann - CL et Ph V s -' 
 
 ^14 H 16 6 = 1^1 "5^2 ^ U 6 ^3 | ^ 306 ) 
 
 ETHYL!RISIN. Less soluble than methylirisin 
 in water. Soluble in alcohol, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated by ether. Soluble in acids, (v. Babo.) 
 
ETHYLOCTYLAMIN. 
 
 261 
 
 Vid. te<rEthylammonium. 
 ETHYLMALIC ACID. Tolerably soluble in 
 (Maiate of Ethyl.) water. Soluble in 
 
 Cj 2 H 10 10 = C 8 H 5 (C 4 H 5 ) 10 ether. 
 
 ETHYI.MALATE OF LIME. Insoluble, or but 
 (C 8 H 4 HC 4 H B )Ca0 10 sparingly soluble, in water. 
 Soluble in alcohol. (De- 
 mondesir.) 
 
 ETHYLMECONIC ACID. Very readily soluble 
 
 C H g O u = C 14 H 3 (C 4 H 5 ) O u in boiling, less solu- 
 
 ble in cold water. 
 
 Soluble in warm, weak alcohol, less soluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. Readily soluble in warm ether. 
 (How.) 
 
 ETHYLMECONATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. (How.) 
 C 18 H 6 Ba 2 O u 
 
 II.) mono. Soluble in water. (How.) 
 C 18 H 7 Ba0 14 
 
 III.) subsalt. Insoluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLMECONATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 ETHYLMECONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 Ppt. Soluble in an aqueous solution of sesqui- 
 chloride of iron. 
 
 ETHYLMECONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 ETHYLMECONATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in boiling water. 
 C 18 H 7 Ag 14 + 2 Aq 
 
 ETHYLMECONIC ACID with MECONIC ACLD. 
 Vid. Meconate of EthylMeconic Acid. 
 
 Z)ETHYLMECONIC ACID. Soluble in boiling 
 H 12 14 = C u H 2 (C 4 H 6 ) 2 M water. Readily sol- 
 uble m alcohol. 
 (How.) 
 
 Z)iETHYLMECONATE OF AMMONIA. Readily 
 Cjj H u cN H 4 ) 14 soluble in cold water. Soluble 
 in hot, less soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. 
 
 A'ETHYLMECONATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble 
 
 C 22 H lt Ba 14 in boiling water. Readily soluble 
 
 in a solution of chloride of barium 
 
 A'ETHYLMECONATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 D/ETHYLMECONATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 A'ETHYLMECONATE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 A'ETHYLMECONATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 
 Z)ETHYLMECONATE OF MORPHIN. [Soluble 
 in warm water ?] 
 
 A'ETHYLMECONATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 C 2 , H u Ag O u boiling water. 
 
 ETHYLMELLITIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 (EthylMellic Acid. 
 Mellovinic Acid. 
 Vinomelletic Acid.) 
 8 H(C 4 H 5 )0 8 
 
 ETHYLMELLITATE OF BARYTA. Readily sol- 
 C 8 Ba (C 4 H 6 ) o g uble in water. (Erdmann & Mar- 
 ch and.) 
 
 ZnETHYLMERCUR(zc)ETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 ETHYLMETHYL, &c. Vid. MethylEthyl, &c. 
 
 ETHYLMUCIC ACID. Tolerably soluble in 
 (Mucovinic Acid.) water. Very spar- 
 
 ^16 H M 16 =C 12 H 9 (C 4 H 5 ) 16 ingly soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Malaguti.) 
 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF AMMONIA. Very readily 
 c io HIS (N H 4 ) 16 soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF BARYTA 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF COPPER 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF LEAD 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF LIME 
 
 Precipitates ; 
 all soluble in 
 acetic acid. 
 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF SILVER 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF STRONTIA 
 
 MAGNESIA. Appears to 
 
 Precipitates ; 
 soluble in 
 acetic acid. 
 
 ETHYLMUCATE OF ZINC. Appears to be sol- 
 ble in water. (Malaguti.) 
 ETHYLNAPHTHYLAMIN. 'Not isolated. 
 
 ETHYLNICOTIN. Vid. Hydrate of EthylNi- 
 cotin. 
 
 ETHYLNITRANILIN. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 f C 12 H 4 (N O 4 ) and ether ; less 
 
 c ie H io N 2 4 = N ? C 4 H 5 easily soluble in 
 
 boiling water. 
 
 Its salts are as readily, if not more soluble than 
 the corresponding compounds of nitranilin. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Oxide of EthylNitrAnilin. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et 
 NitroPhenetidin. Phenetidine phyg 13.) 27. 467.) 
 nitrigue.) 
 
 f C 12 H 4 (N0 4 ) 
 C M H 10 (N0 4 )N0 2 = N?C 4 H 8 .0, 
 
 . Very slight- 
 C 22 H 12 N 2 14 ly soluble in cold water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 ETHYLNiTRoSALiCYLic ACID. Somewhat 
 (Nitro Salicylate of Ethyl. Indigotic Ether.) soluble in 
 C 18 H 9 N 10 = 4 H B O, C 14 H 4 (N 4 ) 6 boiling, less 
 
 soluble in 
 
 cold water. Readily soluble in boiling, less solu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. Soluble, with combination, in 
 cold solutions of potash and soda ; these alkaline 
 solutions are decomposed by boiling. Insoluble 
 in ammonia-water, but is slowly decomposed 
 thereby. ( Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 
 362.) 
 
 ETHYLNlTROSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 ETHYLNlTROSALICYLATE OF SODA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 ETHYL&z'NiTRoSALiCYLic ACID. Sparingly 
 
 (BiNitro Salicylate of Ethyl. soluble in 
 
 Salicylic Ether binitri.) wntpr Tnl 
 
 C 18 H 8 N 2 14 = C 4 H 5 0, C 14 H 3 (N 4 ) 2 5 r y j 
 
 ble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 19, & 27. 462.) 
 
 ETHYL&iNlTROSALICYLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Soluble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 ETHYL&t'NlTROSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 ETHYLfo'NlTROSALICYLATE OF SoDA. Soluble 
 
 in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 ETHYLOCHLORIDE OF PLATINUM. Vid. Ethyl- 
 ChloroPlatinic Acid. 
 
 ETHYLO COMPOUNDS. Vid. Ethyl Com- 
 pounds. 
 
 ETHYLOCTYLAMIN. 
 
 (Ethyl Caprylamin. ) 
 
 , N = N \ C 4 6 H 5 " 
 H 
 
262 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE9. 
 
 ExHYLOxALic ACID. Soluble in water, and 
 
 (Bin Oxalate of Ethyl. O.ralovmic Acid.) alcohol; but 
 C g H 6 g = C 4 6 (C 4 H 5 0), H these solutions 
 
 undergo de- 
 composition when evaporated. All of its salts 
 are soluble in water, but most of them are de- 
 composed on boiling the aqueous solution. 
 
 ETHYLOXALATE OP BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 ETHYLOXALATE OF ETHYL. Vid. OxalatC of 
 
 Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLOXALATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 (Laurent, Method, p. 250.) 
 
 ETHYLOXALATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLOXALATE OF METHYL. Vid. Oxalate 
 of Ethyl & of Methyl. 
 
 ETHYLOXALATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble 
 C 8 HO K 8 in water ; from this solution it can be 
 recrystallized only with difficulty. Sol- 
 uble in spirit, but scarcely at all soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 ETHYLOXALATE OF SILVER. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Laurent, loc. cit.) 
 
 ETHYLOXALIC ACID quintichlortf. Vid. per- 
 ChlorEthylOxalic Acid. 
 
 ETHYLOXAMIC ACID. 
 
 ( C 4 <V' 
 CgH 7 N 6 = N?C 4 H 5 .0,HO 
 
 ' H 
 
 Z)ETHYLOXAMID. More soluble than oxamid 
 (EthylOxamide of A. Wurtz.) in water, and alcohol. 
 
 CH "a N> U 4 = ,j (0 4 u B ) 2 e( p/^ (3 . ) 30. 490. ) 
 
 ETHYLcftOxYSlTLFOCARBONAT. Vid. Sulpho- 
 
 Carbonidate of Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLPARATARTARIC ACID. Deliquescent. 
 (Racemovinic Acid. Very soluble in water. 
 
 ParaTartrovinic Acid.) Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 Ci2 H 10 12 + Aq These solutions are decom- 
 
 posed by ebullition. Insoluble in ether. (Guerin.) 
 
 ETHYLPARATARTRATE OF BARYTA. More 
 C 12 H 9 Ba 0, 2 + 2 Aq soluble in hot than in cold 
 water. Insoluble in wood- 
 spirit, or in alcohol of 0.95%. 
 
 ETHYLPARATARTRATE OF LIME. Insoluble 
 in ethylparatartaric acid ; but soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 ETHYLPARATARTRATE OF POTASH. 
 C 12 H 9 K 12 -r- 2 Aq 
 
 ETHYLPARATARTRATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 C 12 H 9 Ag0 12 soluble in water. ( Guerin- Varry.) 
 
 ETHYLPARATARTRATE OF SODA. Insoluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 ETHYLPARATARTRATE OF STRONTIA. Solu- 
 ble in ethylparatartaric acid. 
 
 ETHYLPHENYLAMIN. Vid. EthylAnilin. 
 
 ETHYL<n'PHENYLAMMONiUM. Somewhat dif- 
 N \ (C, H 5 ) 8 ficultly soluble in water ; the solution 
 
 I C 4 H B undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Gcessmann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1OO. 66.) 
 
 ETHYLPHENYLUREA. 
 
 (EthylAnilin Urea. KtkAnilin Urea. 
 CarbonylEthylPhenylbiamifl.) 
 '0,0,'' 
 
 ETHYLPHLORETIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 (Pkloretate of Etkyl.) Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 C 22 H u e = c is H a ( C 4 H s> and ether, from which 
 
 solutions it is precipitated by water. (Hlasi- 
 wetz.) 
 
 JT/ETHYLPHOSPHIN. Insoluble in water. 
 C 12 H 15 P = P (C 4 H B ) 8 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. Soluble in all 
 
 (Phospho Vinic Acid. 
 
 proportions in water, 
 
 PhospEtkyllc Acid.) alpnhnl am] pthpr 
 
 pi IT PII pi u n o IT n pn alt o no1 ) anu einei. 
 
 U. iI 7 r (Ja = t_/.j tiK U, L Jtl U, r \JK 1TT i n.. , .1 
 
 6 When diluted with 
 
 several times its own volume of water, it may be 
 boiled for a long time without suffering decom- 
 position, but is decomposed at the same tempera- 
 ture when heated in its most concentrated state. 
 (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1833, (2.) 52. 49.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. (Pelouze, loc. cit., p. 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF BARYTA. Effloresces 
 C 4 H 5 Ba 2 P 8 + 12 Aq with extreme slowness. 
 100 pts. of water Dissolve pts. of the crys- 
 at C. tallized (12 Aq) salt. 
 
 ..... 3.40 
 5 3.30 
 
 20 6.72 
 
 40 9.36 
 
 50 7.96 
 
 55 8.89 
 
 60 8 08 
 
 80 4.49 
 
 100 ..... 2.80 
 Or, 1 pt. of the crystallized (12 Aq) salt 
 
 is soluble in 29 41 pts. of water at 
 " 30.30 5 
 
 " 14.88 20 
 
 " 10.68 40 
 
 " 12.56 50 
 
 " 11.25 55 
 
 12.38 60 
 
 22.27 80 
 
 " 35.71 100 
 
 The solubility of this salt is remarkable in not 
 increasing rapidly as the temperature rises ; it at- 
 tains its maximum at about 40, above as well as 
 below which point a portion of it is precipitated. 
 The salt which separates from the aqueous solu- 
 tion at 100 contains the same quantity of water of 
 crystallization as that which separates out at the 
 ordinary temperature. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether, both of which precipitate it immediately 
 from the aqueous solution. (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1833, (2.) 52. 42, and fig. on p. 43.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF COPPER(CU O). Ap- 
 pears to be soluble in water. (Pelouze, loc. cit., 
 p. 44.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF GOLD. Appears to be 
 soluble in water. (Pelouze, loc. cit., p. 44.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF lRON(both Fe & 
 Fe 2 O 3 ). Appear to be soluble in water. (Pelouze, 
 Ibid. ) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF LEAD. Is the least sol- 
 C 4 H 5 Pb 2 P 8 uble in water of any of the ethyl- 
 phosphates. Easily soluble in di- 
 lute acids. (Pelouze, loc. cit., pp. 44, 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF LIME. Very sparingly 
 
 C 4 H s Caj P 8 + 4 Aq soluble in water. Easily 
 
 soluble in water acidulated 
 
 with acetic or phosphovinic acids. (Pelouze, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1833, (2.) 52. 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 water. (Pelouze, loc. cit., p. 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. (Pelouze, loc cit., p. 44.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF MERCURY. Ppt. Sol- 
 uble in dilute acids. (Pelouze, loc. cit., p. 44.) 
 
ETHYLSINAMIN. 
 
 263 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF NICKEL. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. (Pelouze, loc. cit., p. 44.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF PLATINUM. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. (Pelouze, loc cit., p. 44.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF POTASH. Very deli- 
 quescent, and soluble in water. Melts readily in 
 its water of crystallization. (Pelouze, loc. cit., 
 p. 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF SILVER. Ppt. Only 
 C 4 H 5 Agg P O a + x Aq sparingly soluble in water. 
 Soluble in dilute acids. 
 (Pelouze, loc. cit., pp. 44, 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF SODA. Like the potash 
 salt, it is very deliquescent and soluble in water. 
 (Pelouze, loc. cit., p. 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF STKONTIA. Much less 
 soluble in boiling than in lukewarm water. Al- 
 cohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1833, (2.) 52. 45.) 
 
 ETHYLPIIOSPHATE of protoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 Soluble in dilute acids. (Pelouze, loc. cit., p. 44.) 
 
 A'ETHYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 
 r- H P A 2 c< 4 H 5 I p n ter. Its salts appear 
 C 8 H u P 8 - H P O s l H 
 
 water. 
 
 .DfETHYLPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 C 8 H ]0 (N H 4 ) P 8 in absolute alcohol. 
 
 Z)ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF BARYTA. Readily 
 soluble in water and in dilute alcohol. 
 
 Z>ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF COPPER. Very solu- 
 ble in water. (Vcegeli.) 
 
 A'ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF LEAD. Readily solu- 
 
 C 8 H 10 Pb P 8 ble in cold, more soluble in warm 
 
 water. Readily soluble in dilute 
 
 alcohol ; very slowly soluble in cold, very easily 
 
 soluble in warm alcohol of 40. 
 
 Z)ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF LIME. Very readily 
 
 C 8 H 10 Ca P 8 soluble in water ; less soluble in 
 
 dilute alcohol. Sparingly soluble 
 
 in absolute alcohol. 
 
 A'ETHYLPlIOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Very 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 DJETHYLPHOSPHATE OF NICKEL. Very solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 .DZ'ETHYLPHOSPHATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 water. (Voegeli.) 
 
 7HETHYLPH08PHIN. Soluble in all prop'or- 
 C 12 H 15 P = P | (C 4 H 5 ) tions in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHOROUS ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 
 (EtheroPhosphorous Acid.) ter, with subse- 
 
 C 4 H 7 P 6 = C 4 II 5 0, 2 H 0, P 3 quent decom- 
 
 position. (A. 
 Wnrtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 218.) 
 
 ETFIYLPHOSPHITE OF BARYTA. Deliquescent. 
 C 4 H 6 Ba P 8 Very readily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. Ether precipitates it from 
 its alcoholic solution. ( Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHITE OF COPPER. Deliquescent. 
 Very soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHITE OF LEAD. Permanent. 
 
 C 4 H 6 Pb P 6 Soluble in water, and alcohol. Its 
 
 aqueous solution undergoes decom- 
 
 position after a time. Insoluble in ether. (Wurtz, 
 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 ETHYLPHOSPHITE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 Z);'ETHYLPHOSPHOROUS ACID. 
 
 (DiP/iosphite of Ethyl.) 
 
 Z>zETHYLPHOSPHITE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 Extremely soluble in water. Apparently insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Railton.) 
 
 Z)Z'ETHYLPHOSPHITE OF MAGNESIA. Ex- 
 tremely soluble in water. Apparently insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Railton.) 
 
 iETHYLPHOSPHiTE OF NICKEL. Extremely 
 soluble in water. Apparently insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Railton.) 
 
 Z)ETHYLPH08PHiTE OF POTASH. Deliques- 
 C B H 10 K P 6 = 2 C 4 H 5 0, K 0, P 8 cent. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. (Railton, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 220.) 
 
 A'ETHYLPHOSPHITE OF SODA. Similar to 
 C 8 H 10 NaPO a the potash-salt. (Railton.) 
 
 Z)ETHYLPHOSPHITE OF ZINC. Extremely sol- 
 uble in water. Apparently insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Railton.) 
 
 ETHYLPHTHALAMIN. 
 Cjo H u N 4 
 
 ETIIYLPHTHALIDIN. 
 C M H 8 (C 4 H B ) N 
 
 ETHYLPlMELIC AdD. 
 C 4 H 6 0,HO, C 14 H 10 
 
 ETHYLPIPERIDIN. Soluble in water; but less 
 C 14 H 15 N so than piperidin. Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 38. 95.) 
 
 ETHYLPIPERYLUREA. Vid. Cyanate of Ethyl- 
 Piperidin. 
 
 ETHYLRACEMIC ACID. Vid. EthylParaTar- 
 taric Acid. 
 
 ETHYLQDININE. Vid. Hydrate of Ethyl- 
 Quinine. 
 
 ETHYLQUINOLEIN. Vid. Hydrate of Ethyl- 
 Quinolein. 
 
 ETHYLSALICYLAMIC ACID. Nearly insoluble 
 C 18 H u N 4 = N H (C 4 H B ) C 14 H 4 3 , H in cold, tol- 
 erably read- 
 ily soluble in boiling water. Easily soluble in 
 boiling alcohol, and ether, but much less soluble in 
 these liquids at the ordinary temperature. Soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric, chlorhydric, and nitric 
 acids, when these are slightly heated ; it is repre- 
 cipitated from the last two as the solutions cool, 
 and from the first on the addition of water. Solu- 
 ble in a warm aqueous solution of caustic potash 
 separating out as the solution cools. (Limpricht, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 264.) 
 
 ETHYLSALICYLIC ACID. Very sparingly sol- 
 
 ( Salicylate of Ethyl. Salicylic Ether. uble, or insolu- 
 Hydrate of Ethyl Salicyl.) h , in water< 
 
 C 18 H 10 6 = C 14 H 5 (0 4 H.) 6 Insolub i e in 
 
 ammonia-water, but after long-continued contact 
 therewith it is decomposed and dissolves. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 360.) 
 
 ETHYLSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 ETHYLSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 ETHYLSALICYLATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 ETHYLSELENHYDRIC ACID. Vid. Selenhy- 
 drate of Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLSINAMIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 (Sinethylamln.) i n alcohol, and ether. Sol- 
 
 i xr M $ r 6 p 5 "We in chlorhydric acid. 
 Cio H in N, = M < t/ 4 H 5 J 
 
 <C!N (Hmterberger.) 
 
264 
 
 ETHYLSULPHATES. 
 
 EXHYLSOLANIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 ( C 42 H 33 i< in alcohol. 
 C 46 H S9 N 14 = N | c\ H 5 
 
 ExHYLSxANNEiHYL. Vid. StannEthyl. 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 5 Sn 4 
 
 ExHYLSuLPHURic ACID. Soluble in all pro- 
 (SiUphovinic Acid. Bisulphate of Ethyl.) portions in 
 C 4 H D S 2 8 = C 4 H 5 0, H 0, 2 S O s ) water, and 
 
 alcohol. The 
 
 aqueous solution is liable to suffer decomposition 
 on standing, especially if it be dilute ; it is also 
 readily decomposed by boiling. Insoluble in ether. 
 Its salts are all readily soluble in water, espe- 
 cially if this be hot. These solutions are decom- 
 posed on boiling. Some of the salts are soluble 
 in alcohol, while others are precipitated fro.m their 
 aqueous solution on the addition of alcohol. Only 
 the ammonia-salt is soluble in ether. 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF ALUMINA. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF AMMONIA. Very deli- 
 
 C 4 H 6 (N H 4 ) S, 8 quescent. Very soluble in 
 
 water, with reduction of tem- 
 
 perature. Tolerably soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF AMMONIA & OF LEAD. 
 
 Soluble in water. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. 
 C 4 H 5 (N H 4 ) S 2 8 ; 2 C 4 U s K S a O 8 Easily soluble in 
 
 water, and alco- 
 hol. 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAIE OF AMMONIA & OF ZlNC. 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF BARYXA. Permanent. 
 
 C 4 H 5 Ba S 2 O 8 + 2 Aq The crystalline salt is solu- 
 
 ble in 0.92 pt. of water at 
 
 17. (Marchand.) Soluble in spirit; but insolu- 
 
 ble in cold absolute alcohol. 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 C 4 H B Cd S 2 O 8 + 2 Aq soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Mar- 
 chand.) 
 
 EiHYLSuLPHAXE OF CoBALX. Permanent. 
 
 C 4 H B Co S, 8 -}- 2 Aq Readily soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 ether, by which it is precipitated from the alcoholic 
 
 solution. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF COPPER. Permanent. 
 
 C 4 H 6 Cu Sj O g +4 Aq Readily soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 ether, by which it is precipitated from the alcoholic 
 solution. (Marchand.) 
 
 ExnYLSuLPHAXE OF EXHYL. Insoluble in 
 (MonoSulphate of Ethyl, C 4 H 5 O, S 3 .) water; but is 
 C 8 H io s 8 = c H s ( U 4 H B ) S, O 8 soon decom- 
 
 posed by wa- 
 
 ter, even in the cold. Miscible in all propo'rtions 
 with alcohol, and ether. Soluble in fuming nitric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated on the addition 
 of water. (Wetherill.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE of protoxide OF IRON. Ef- 
 floresces, with decomposition. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Vogel.) Insoluble in ether. 
 (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE ofsesquioxide OF IRON. De- 
 liquesces, with decomposition. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether, by which it is 
 precipitated from the alcoholic solution. (Mar- 
 chand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water, and al- 
 
 C 4 H 5 Pb S 2 8 + 2 Aq cohol. Insoluble in ether, 
 by which it is precipitated 
 from the alcoholic solution. (Marchand.) 
 
 II.) basic. Hygroscopic. Soluble in 0.5 pt. of 
 C 4 H 6 Pb S 2 O 8 , Pb water (Vogel) ; in 0.54 pt. at 
 17. (Marchand.) Easily sol- 
 uble in spirit. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF LIME. Permanent. Sol- 
 C 4 H 5 Ca S 2 8 + 2 Aq uble in 1 pt. of water at 8, 
 in 0.8 pt. at 17, and in 0.63 
 pt. at 30. Soluble in all proportions in boiling 
 water. Less soluble in alcohol than in water. 
 Insoluble in ether, by which it is precipitated 
 from the alcoholic solution. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF LIME & OF SODA. 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF LIXHIA. Deliquescent. 
 C 4 H 8 Li S 2 O 8 + 2 Aq Easily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF MAGNESIA. Efflorescent. 
 C 4 H 5 Mg S 2 8 + 4 Aq Very readily soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. The aqueous solution is more readily 
 decomposed than that of any of the other ethyl- 
 sulphates. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF MANGANESE. Perma- 
 C 4 H 5 Mn S a 8 + 4 Aq nent. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether, by which it is precipitated from 
 the alcoholic solution. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in alcohol. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF NICKEL. Readily solu- 
 
 C 4 H B Ni S 2 8 + 2 Aq ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 ' Insoluble in ether, by which 
 
 it is precipitated from the alcoholic solution. 
 
 (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF POXASH. Permanent. 
 C 4 H B KS 2 8 Deliquesces in moist air. Soluble 
 in 0.8 pt. of water at 17, and in 
 much less hot water. (Marchand.) Readily solu- 
 ble in spirit. (Hennel.) Insoluble in absolute al- 
 cohol, and ether. (Marchand.) Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in ammonia-water, with a consider- 
 able reduction of temperature. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF SILVER. Soluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 5 AgS 2 O 8 + 2 Aq ter, and alcohol. (Mar- 
 chand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF SODA. Deliquesces in 
 
 C 4 H 5 NaS 2 8 + 2 Aq moist air. Effloresces in 
 
 warm air. The dry salt is 
 
 soluble in 0.61 pt. of water at 17, with reduction 
 of temperature. Also soluble in alcohol. From 
 the saturated hot alcoholic solution a compound 
 of the salt and alcohol crystallizes on cooling, and 
 from the cold mother liquor ether precipitates a 
 further portion of it, but by washing with ether the 
 alcohol may be completely removed. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE OF SXRONXIA. Soluble in 
 C 4 H 6 Sr S 2 8 + 2 Aq water. Very readily soluble 
 in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. (Marchand.) 
 
 EXHYLSULPHAXE of protoxide OF URANIUM. 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in water. Easily soluble, 
 with decomposition, in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Marchand.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHAXE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 Soluble in water. Easily soluble, with decom- 
 position, in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Mar- 
 chand.) 
 
ETHYLSULPHOPHOSPHATES. 
 
 265 
 
 ETHYLSULPHATE OF " WlNE-OlL." Slightly 
 
 C 8 Ilg S 2 7 soluble in water. It is decomposed 
 after a time when in contact with water. 
 (Serullas.) Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether 
 (Hennel) ; water precipitates it from these solu- 
 tions. Decomposed by alkaline solutions. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHATE OF ZINC. Readily soluble 
 C 4 H Zn S 2 8 + 2 Aq in water, and alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether, by which it is 
 precipitated from the alcoholic solution. (Mar- 
 chand.) 
 
 EriiYLSuLPHYDRic ACID. Vid. Sulphydrate 
 of Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHIDE OF X. Vid. Sulphide of 
 Ethyl & of X. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHUROUS Acip. Hygroscopic. Sol- 
 
 (BiSutphEthylic Jicirl. Bisulphite uble in all pro- 
 
 of Ethyl. Hypo SulphEthy lie Acid.) DOrt j ons j n wa . 
 C, H B S 2 6 = C 4 H 5 0, H 0, 2 S 2 
 
 1 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 (Lcewig & Weidmann.) Miscible in all propor- 
 tions with water, and alcohol. (Muspratt, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 47.) The ethylsulphites of the metallic 
 oxides are all soluble in water. (Muspratt.) 
 
 ETHYLSOLPHITE OP AMMONIA. Deliquescent. 
 Very soluble in alcohol. (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 ETHYLSDLPHITE OF BARYTA. Readily solu- 
 C 4 H 5 Ba S 2 Og + Aq ble in water and in ordinary 
 alcohol. Insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, bv which it is precipitated from the 
 aqueous solution. (Loewig & Weidmann.) Very 
 soluble in water, spirit, and ether. Insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Muspratt, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 47.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE OF COPPER. Very readily 
 
 C 4 H 5 Cu S 2 O 8 + 5 Aq soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 (Lcewig &Weidmann.) Very 
 
 soluble in water, and spirit. (Muspratt, J. Ch. 
 
 Soc., 1. 49.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE of protoxide OF IRON. Read- 
 ily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Lcewig & 
 Weidmann.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. Extremely sol- 
 C 4 II 5 Pb 8. 9 uble in water, spirit, and alcohol. 
 (Muspratt, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 49.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE OF LIME. Permanent. Read- 
 C 4 H 6 CaS 2 6 ily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Loewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 ETHYLSOLPHITE OF MAGNESIA. Easily Sol- 
 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Lcewig & Weid- 
 mann.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE OF MANGANESE. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Loewig & Weid- 
 mann.) 
 
 ETIIYLSULPHITE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. 
 C 4 H 5 KS 2 6 Sparingly soluble in cold, more solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE OF SILVER. Soluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 5 Ag S 2 6 ter, and alcohol. (Lcewig & Weid- 
 mann.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE OF SODA. Slowly deli- 
 C 4 H 6 Na S 2 6 + x Aq quesces. Slowly soluble in 
 cold, more soluble in hot 
 alcohol. (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHITE OF ZINC. Effloresces in dry 
 C 4 H 5 Zn S 2 6 + 7 Aq air. Deliquesces in moist 
 air. Very soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 ExiiYLSuLPHoBENZoic ACID. Soluble in 
 (Sulpha Benzoate of Ethyl(mono) .) water, and 
 
 C 18 H lo S 2 JO = C 14 H 4 (C 4 H 5 ) S 2 9 , H alcohol. Its 
 
 salts appear 
 
 to be all easily soluble in water, since a solution 
 34 
 
 of the ammonia-salt produces no precipitate with 
 any metallic solution. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOBENZOATE OF AMMONIA. Ea- 
 
 C 18 H 9 (N H 4 ) S 2 10 sily soluble in water, and spirit. 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOBENZOATE OF BARYTA. Read- 
 
 C 18 H 9 Ba S 2 O 10 ily soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOBENZOATE OF SILVER. Solu- 
 C 18 H Ag S 2 O 10 ble in water. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOBENZOATE OF SODA. Easily 
 C 18 H 9 NaS 2 10 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Limpricht & v. Uslar, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 102.256.) 
 
 "ETiiYLSuLPiioCARBAMiD." Vid. Hydrate 
 of SulphoCarbonylEthylammonium. 
 
 "ETHYLSuLPiioCARBONic ACID." Vid. Oxy- 
 CB HO S* 2 SulphoCarbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 " ETHYLSULPIIOCARBONIC ACID "(of Kolhe). 
 C 4 H s S ; n a Vid. SulphoCarbonate of Ethyl 
 HS$ 2CS * (No. 2). 
 
 ETHYLSuLPHoCARBONic ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 (SulphoCarbonylate of Ethyl.) 
 
 C H 6 S 2 4 = C Hf I ( C 2 4 or S ^' Hg } 4 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOCARBONATE OF COPPER with 
 3 (C 6 H 5 Cu S 2 4 ) ; Cu 2 S /(SULPHIDE OF COPPER. 
 
 Insoluble in water. Tol- 
 erably soluble in alcohol. Soluble in about 10,000 
 pts. of ether. (Debus.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL. Insol- 
 (Stdpliu Carbonate of Ethyl. uble in. 
 
 Carbonate of SulphEtkyl.) water 
 
 C H M S 2 4 = gj g I j C 2 4 5 or W J 4 Easily' 
 
 soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. (Debus.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOCARBONATE OF LEAD. Insol- 
 C H B Pb S 2 4 uble in water. Decomposed when 
 boiled with water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in solutions of 
 acetate of lead, and ethylsulphocarbonate of pot- 
 ash. (Debus.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOCARBONATE OF POTASH. Per- 
 C 6 H,;KS 2 O 4 manent. Very soluble in water ; the 
 solution decomposes, however, in the 
 course of a few days. Very sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol at ; but very easily soluble therein at 1 5 
 i 20. Very sparingly soluble in ether ; by which 
 it is precipitated from the alcoholic solution. Both 
 the aqueous and alcoholic solution are decom- 
 posed by boiling. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOCARBONATE OF SILVER. In- 
 C 6 II 5 AgS 2 4 soluble in water. (Debus.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOCARBONATE OF ZINC. Toler- 
 ably soluble in water, and in absolute alcohol. 
 After a time these solutions undergo decompo- 
 sition. (Debus.) 
 
 ETHYLcf/SuLPHOCARBONATE OF X. Vid. Oxy- 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of Ethyl & of X. 
 
 ETHYLfn'SULPHoCARBONATE OF X. Vid. 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of Ethyl & of X. 
 ETHYLSuLPHoPnospiioRic ACID. Not iso- 
 
 n w Q pn C 4 n siprso> lated> Mostof 'ts 
 C 4 H 7 S 2 P0 8 = VH05 rn(W salts are soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 ETHYLS uLPHoPuospHATE OF BARYTA. Sol- 
 C 4 H 5 Ba,j S 2 P 8 + Aq uble in water. 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOPHOSPIIATE OF LlME. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 ETHYLSuLPHoPnospHATE OF POTASH. Read- 
 ily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Cloez.) 
 
266 
 
 EUGENATES. 
 
 OF SODA. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Cloez.) 
 
 ETHYLSULPHOPHOSPHATE OF SlRONTIA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. 
 
 ETHTLSoLPHTDRic ACID. Vid. Sulphydrate 
 of Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLTANNASPIDIC ACID. Insoluble in 
 2 Cjg H ]8 10) C 4 H 5 O water, anhydrous ether, or in 
 the fatty or essential oils. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. (Luck.) 
 
 ETHYI/TARTARIC ACID. Very deliquescent. 
 
 ( Tartrovinic Add.) Very soluble in water, 
 
 C 12 H 10 12 = C 8 H 5 (C 4 H 5 ) 12 and alcohol. Its aque- 
 
 ous solution is decom- 
 
 posed by continued ebullition. Insoluble in ether. 
 Its metallic salts are almost all readily soluble in 
 water; but less soluble in alcohol. Their solu- 
 tions are decomposed by boiling. 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 12 H 9 Ba GUJ + 2 Aq 2.63 pts. of water at 23, and 
 in 0.78 pt. of boiling water. 
 Insoluble in wood-spirit and in absolute alcohol ; 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol of 0.95%. (Guerin- 
 Varry.) 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF COPPER. Efflorescent. 
 C 12 H 9 Cu 12 + 6 Aq ( Querin- Varry . ) 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 ethyltartaric acid ; soluble in nitric acid. ( Gue- 
 rin- Varry. ) 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H 9 CaO ]2 + 5Aq 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF POTASH. Easily soluble 
 
 C 12 H 9 K Oi 2 in water. Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 
 ing absolute alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 wood-spirit, and in cold alcohol of 0.95%. (Gue 
 
 rin- Varry.) 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE or SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 
 C 12 H 9 Ag0 12 uble in cold water. (Guerin- Varry.) 
 
 ETHYLTARTRATE OF ZINC. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Gue'rin- Varry.) 
 
 ETHYLC&THIOCARBONATE. Vid. fciCarbonate 
 of fci'Sulphide of Ethyl. 
 
 ETHYLC&THIONIC ACID. Vid. EthylSulphu- 
 rous Acid. 
 
 ACID. Known only in 
 (TriTkionate of Ethyl.) aqueous solution. 
 G 4 H S s 6 
 
 ETHYLto'TmoNATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 4 H B Ba S 3 6 + Aq water ; more readily in hot 
 than in cold. 
 
 ETHYL<'THIONATE OF COPPER. Deliquescent. 
 C 4 H B Cu S s O 4 Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 ETHYLtn'TmoNATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 C 4 H S (C 4 H B ) S 3 6 water. Miscible in all propor- 
 tions with alcohol. 
 
 ETHYLfrt'TnioNATE OF SILVER. Hygroscopic. 
 C 4 H 6 A 8 s a e Readily soluble in water. 
 
 ETHYLJ-;THIONATE OF SODA. Soluble in al- 
 C 4 H 5 Na S 3 O a + Aq cohol. (Hobson, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1O. 55.) 
 
 ETHYLtnTmoNATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble either in hot or 
 C 4 H B Zu S s 6 + Aq in cold water. Tolerably sol- 
 uble in hot, almost insoluble 
 in cold alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. 
 
 II.) basic. (Hobson.) 
 2 (C 4 H B Zn S 3 8 ) ; Zn O, H 
 
 ETHYI/THIOSINAMIN. 
 
 ( Tkiosinethylamin.) 
 
 ' ~ S 
 
 ETHYLTOLTJIDIN(or TOLUENYLAMIN). InSfll- 
 
 t C 14 H 7 uble, or nearly insoluble in 
 is H is N = N < C 4 H 6 wa t er . 
 
 Z)zETHYLToLDiDiN. Insoluble, or nearly in- 
 H N N $ c H ' soluble in water. 
 
 H 
 
 Not isolated. 
 ETHYLUREA. Very soluble in water, and al- 
 C 2 cy' cohol. 
 C 4 H B 
 H 
 
 Easily soluble in water, and 
 v <-', O," alcohol. 
 
 C 10 H 12 N 2 2 = N 2 j(C 4 H B ) 2 Soluble in ether. 
 (Habich & Limpricht.) 
 
 . Vid. EthylCarbamate of 
 
 N 2 C 2 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 2 
 
 Ethyl. 
 
 N (C 4 H 5 ) 2 Zn 
 
 EUCALYNE. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 C 12 H, 2 C 12 + 2 Aq (Berthelot.) 
 
 EUCHLORINE. Vid. ChloroChloric Acid. 
 
 EUCHROIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Mellamic Add.) cold, more soluble ill hot water. 
 C 24 H 4 N 2 16 
 
 EUCHROATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 C 24 H 2 (N H 4 ) 2 N 2 16 water. 
 
 H.) add. Soluble in hot water. (Woshler.) 
 
 EUCHROATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 C 24 H 2 Ba 2 N 2 16 (?) 
 
 EUCHROATE OF LEAD. 
 C 24 H 2 Pb 2 N 2 16 + 2 Aq 
 
 EUCHROATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in am- 
 C 24 Ag 4 N 2 10 + 2 Aq monia-water. 
 
 EUGENIC ACID. Resinifies in the air. Very 
 (Nelkensciure. Essence tie sparingly soluble in 
 Girofle oxygenee.) water. Very easily sol- 
 
 c 20 H, 2 o 4 = o 20 H u u s , H J - . hl e ther 
 
 ak . ohol) 
 
 and aqueous alkaline solutions. Also soluble in 
 concentrated acetic acid. Scarcely more soluble 
 in dilute ammonia-water, or in a solution of car- 
 bonate of ammonia, than in pure water. 
 
 EUGENATE OF AMMONIA. Insoluble in ether. 
 C 20 H n (N H 4 ) 4 
 
 EUGENATE OF BARYTA. Difficultly soluble in 
 C 2o H u BaO * cold, more easily soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. Soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. 
 
 EUGENATE O:F COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 EUGENATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (EugenEthyl.) Easily soluble in al- 
 
 C 24 D 10 4 = C 20 H n (C 4 Hg) 4 cohol, and ether. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 206.) 
 
 EUGENATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 EUGENATE OF LEAD. 
 
 EUGENATE OF LIME. Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling water. Soluble in 235 pts. 
 of water. (Bonastre.) 
 
 EUGENATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in water, 
 either hot or cold. (Bonastre.) 
 
 EUGENATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 
 Cjjo H n K 4 ; Cjo H 12 4 + 2 Aq with partial decom- 
 
 position. Soluble 
 
FATS. 
 
 267 
 
 in hot, less soluble in cold alcohol. (Dumas.) 
 Decomposed hy alcohol, and ether. (Bonastre.) 
 
 EUGENATE OF SODA. Soluble in 10 (3) 12 pts. 
 C 20 H u Na 4 of cold, and in any quantity of hot 
 water. Soluble, with decomposi- 
 tion, in alcohol, and ether. (Bonastre.) 
 
 EUGENATE OF STRONTIA. Resembles the 
 baryta salt. 
 
 EuGENiN(from Eugenia caryopkyllata) . Some- 
 C 20 H 12 4 what soluble in water. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. (Bonastre.) 
 
 EUGENOL. Vid. Eugenic Acid. 
 
 EUGENYL. Hypothetical radical in oil of 
 C 20 H u z clove. 
 
 EtiLYTE. Soluble in 10,000 pts. of water at 
 10. Soluble in 170 pts. of alcohol, of 88%, at 
 10; easily soluble in such alcohol when warm. 
 Soluble in ether. Soluble in warm concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it separates out for the 
 most part as the solution cools. (Baup, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 33. 198.) 
 
 EupATORiN(from Eupatorium cannabium). In- 
 soluble in water. Soluble in absolute alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 EUPHORBIC ACID. Easily soluble in water. 
 Somewhat more difficultly soluble in alcohol. Its 
 alkaline salts are easily soluble. 
 
 EUPHORBATE OF LEAD. Soluble in warm 
 
 water. 
 
 EUPHORBIIN. Soluble in alcohol, acetic acid, 
 C W H 16 and oils. Difficultly soluble in alkaline 
 solutions. Ether only dissolves traces 
 of it. 
 
 EUPION. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 (A mixture of oils obtained by in absolute alcohol, 
 the distillation of rich coals, &c., ot h or an /l mlc 
 at low temperatures. 1Cr ' atlc 
 
 Coal-Oil.} 
 
 ECXANTHIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Purreic Acid.) cold, more soluble in 
 
 C 12 H 18 22 = C 42 H 17 21 , H O boiling water. Read- 
 ily soluble in boiling 
 
 alcohol. Soluble in ether. Largely soluble in 
 cold concentrated sulphuric acid, with combina- 
 tion. Soluble in boiling dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 Its alkaline salts are soluble in water, the others 
 are more or less insoluble. 
 
 EUXANTHATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble 
 C 42 H 17 (N H 4 ) 22 m P ure water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. Insoluble in concen- 
 trated aqueous solutions of the alkaline carbo- 
 nates. 
 
 EIJXANTHATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in boiling, 
 much less soluble in cold water. 
 
 EUXANTHATE OF COPPER. Tolerably soluble 
 in pure water. Insoluble in an aqueous solution 
 of sulphate of copper. 
 
 EUXANTHATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 EUXANTHATE of sesqnioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 EUXANTHATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 EUXANTHATE OF LIME. Soluble in boiling, 
 much less soluble in cold water. 
 EUXANTHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 I.) normal. Appears to be soluble in water. 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 EUXANTHATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 EUXANTHATE OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 ECXANTHATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 
 C 42 H 17 K 22 pure water. Insoluble in concen 
 trated solutions of the alkaline car- 
 bonates. 
 
 EUXANTHATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble 
 in cold water. 
 
 EUXANTHATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 pure water. Insoluble in concentrated solutions 
 of the alkaline carbonates. 
 
 EUXANTHONE. Sparingly soluble in water, 
 (Purrenone.) cold alcohol, and ether. Easily sol- 
 c o H 12 0i2 uble in boiling alcohol. Readily sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash ; also soluble in concentrated, but almost 
 entirely insoluble in dilute, ammonia-water. 
 
 EVERNIC ACID. Insoluble in cold water. 
 34 H, fl 14 Very soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Soluble in solutions of caustic potash 
 and ammonia. 
 
 EVERNATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 34 H i5 Ba u water. Very soluble in weak spirit. 
 
 EVERNATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, and 
 C^ H 16 K 14 in weak alcohol. 
 
 EVERNINIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 c w H to 8 = c is H n 7i H tolerably soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 EVERNINATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 EVERNINATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 18 H 9 (C 4 H 5 ) 8 Very soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Insoluble in ammonia-water. Ea- 
 sily soluble in a solution of caustic potash. 
 
 EVERNINATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 water ; less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 EVERNINATE OF SILVER. 
 
 C 18 H 9 Ag 8 
 
 EvONYMiN(from Evonymm europceus). 
 
 FAGiN(from Fagus sylvatica). Easily soluble 
 in water, alcohol, and dilute acids. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. (Buchner & Herberger.j 
 
 FATS [compare Oils(Fixed)]. The fats which 
 occur in nature are, as a rule, exceedingly sparingly 
 soluble in water. Scarcely at all soluble in cold 
 ordinary alcohol, the small portion which dissolves 
 being mostly olein ; boiling alcohol dissolves them 
 much more readily, some margarin being dissolved 
 as well as olein ; as the solution cools, most of the 
 matter which has been dissolved is redeposited. 
 Castor-oil is an exception to this rule, being toler- 
 ably soluble in ordinary alcohol, and very soluble 
 in absolute alcohol. 
 
 The fats are very much more soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol than in weaker alcohol, their solu- 
 bility decreasing with great rapidity as the sp. gr. 
 of the alcohol is increased from 0.795 to 0.821 
 (Chevreul,^lmj. Ch. et Phys., 1816, (2.) 2. 361; 
 see under Stearin (natural).) 
 
 As a rule, the fats are all soluble in ether ; which 
 is generally considered to be their best solvent. 
 They are also readily soluble in naphtha, benzin, 
 and the various oils obtained from coal, &c., 
 both the coal-oils proper and the products obtained 
 from coal-tar ; also in oil of turpentine. In oil of 
 ocotea (Hancock); and the other essential oils ; 
 in bisulphide of carbon, chloride of sulphur, proto- 
 chloride of phosphorus, chloroform, fusel-oil 
 (hydrate of amyl), capryl alcohol (hydrate of ca- 
 pryl) (Bouis), acetone, and the like. 
 
 They are soluble in a concentrated solution of 
 butyric acid. (Chevreul ; Barreswil, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 1O. 445.) They are soluble, with 
 combination, in concentrated sulphuric acid ; and 
 
268 
 
 FERRIC ACID. 
 
 in the other concentrated mineral acids, with de- 
 composition. 
 
 When boiled with aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies, or heated in closed vessels (un- 
 der pressure) with solutions of the alkaline car- 
 bonates, they are decomposed with separation of 
 glycerin and formation of soap. 
 
 Oleic acid, and other fatty acids are soluble in 
 almost any quantity in a mixture of oil of turpen- 
 tine and alcohol. (Rousseau, J. Ch. Me'd., 22. 
 310. [Gm.].) 
 
 BEEF FAT. 100 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.821 sp. gr. dissolve 2.52 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. of the 
 fat is soluble in 39.6 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.821 sp. gr. (Chevrcul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1816, 
 (2.) 2. 348.) Soluble in hot oil of bay. (Brandes.) 
 
 CACAO BcTTER(from Theobroma Cacao). 
 
 CHINESE TALLOW(from Stillingia Sebifera). 
 (Mixture of palmitin $ olem.) Insoluble in water. The 
 liquid portion of the tal- 
 low (its olein) being soluble in the cold in various 
 menstrua imparts to them a solvent action on the 
 solid portion also, which they otherwise do not 
 possess ; hence, not only do oil of turpentine and 
 coal-tar naphtha dissolve it entirely, but it is also 
 partially soluble in ether, in mixed ether and ab- 
 solute alcohol (equal parts), ether and common 
 alcohol, wood-spirit, absolute alcohol, and com- 
 mon strong alcohol. The order of these menstrua 
 indicates the order of solubility. On boiling, it is 
 completely dissolved by ether, by ether and abso- 
 lute alcohol (equal parts), ether and common al- 
 cohol, absolute alcohol, wood-spirit, and common 
 alcohol, the facility of solution being indicated 
 by the order of the solvents. The ethereal solu- 
 tions remain clear after cooling, and only after 
 some time deposit crystals. Crystals are formed 
 immediately in the other solutions. (Maskelyne, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 8. 2.) 
 
 Cow's BUTTER. Soluble in 28 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol of 0.82. 
 
 HOG'S FAT. 100 pts. of boiling alcohol, of 
 0.816 sp. gr. dissolve 2.8 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. of the 
 fat is soluble in 39.64 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.816 sp. gr. (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1816, 
 (2.) 2. 348.) 
 
 HUMAN FAT. 100 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.821 sp. gr. dissolve 2.48 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. of 
 the fat is soluble in 40.32 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.821 sp. gr. (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1816, 
 (2.) 2.348.) 
 
 JAG CAR FAT. 100 pts. of boiling alcohol, of 
 0.821 sp. gr. dissolve 2.18 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of 
 the fat is soluble in 45.87 pts. of boiling alcohol 
 of 0.821 sp. gr. (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1816, (2.) 2.348.) 
 
 MUSCAT BuTTER(from the nuts of Myristica 
 moschata). Partially soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Completely soluble in 4 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 
 MUTTON FAT. 100 pts. of boiling alcohol, of 
 0.821 sp. gr. dissolve 2.26 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of 
 the fat is soluble in 44.24 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.821 sp. gr. (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1816, 
 (2.) 2. 348.) Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 acetone, from which it is precipitated on the addi- 
 tion of water. 
 
 NUTMEG BuTTER(from Myristica officinalis). 
 Contains two fatty oils. One soluble in alcohol, 
 the other insoluble in alcohol, and soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 SHEA BUTTER. Soluble for the most part in 
 
 alcohol. Completely soluble in cold ether. 
 (Thomson & Wood.) 
 
 FERMENT OILS. These are volatile oils, pro- 
 (Fermentolea.') duced by the fermentation of various 
 plants, but not originally contained 
 in the latter, and entirely different from the "es- 
 sential oils," which are extracted from the unfer- 
 menttd plants by distillation with water. Fer- 
 ment-oils are generally much more soluble in 
 water than ordinary volatile oils. 
 
 Ferment-oil of ChosrophyllumSylvestre. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and the fixed and volatile oils. It forms an emul- 
 sion with ammonia-water, and dissolves resin. 
 (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Chelidonivm majus. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and the fixed and volatile oils. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Conium macvlatum. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, ether, and the fixed and volatile 
 oils. (Landerer.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of diseased Apples. Readily soluble 
 (Oil of Apples. Malotl.') in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Rossignon.) 
 
 Fei~ment-oil ofErythrcea Centaurium. 
 
 Ferment-oil of Echium rulyare. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Erica rvlqaris. Soluble in ether. 
 ( Bey.) 
 
 Ferment-oil ofTussilayo farfara. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Marrubium vulgare. Soluble in 
 water, in dilute nitric acid, and in an aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash. Easily soluble in 
 ether. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of AchilleaMillefolium. Soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, and the fixed and volatile oils. 
 (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of various species of Plantago. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol, ether, and oils. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Querais Rolur. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and the fixed and volatile oils. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Salix pentandra. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. Easily soluble in all proportions in 
 alcohol, ether, the fixed and volatile oils, and 
 creosote. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Sahia pratensis. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. Easily soluble in all proportions in 
 alcohol, ether, and the fixed and volatile oils. 
 Very sparingly soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. Forms an emulsion with ammo- 
 nia-water. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Trifolivm jibrinum. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Bley.) 
 
 Ferment-oil of Urtica urens. Resembles the fer- 
 ment-sil of Echium vulgare. 
 
 Ferment-oil of Vitis vinifera. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. Abundantly soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and the fixed oils. In oil of turpentine, and oil of 
 lemon, it forms at first a milky solution, which 
 afterwards becomes clear. With bisulphide of 
 carbon it forms a milky liquid, from which it 
 afterwards separates unaltered. Soluble, without 
 alteration, in chlorhydric and acetic acids. Forms 
 a soapy emulsion with ammonia-water. 
 
 FERRIC ACID. Not isolated. All of the fer- 
 
FERRICYAN1DES. 
 
 269 
 
 Fe 3 rates, excepting those of potash and soda, are 
 
 insoluble in water.- (Fremy, loc. inf. cit.) 
 FERRATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 2 (Ba 0, Fe 3 ) + Aq (Denham Smith.) Insoluble 
 
 in water. Decomposed by 
 long boiling with water. Soluble in acetic acid at 
 ordinary temperatures, without decomposition, 
 that is to say, the ferric acid is not destroyed, but 
 remains in the solution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 373.) 
 
 FERRATE OF POTASH. Very deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water, with evolution of so much heat 
 that the salt is decomposed unless the mixture be 
 refrigerated. 
 
 Very soluble in water. Insoluble in a concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of caustic potash. The 
 aqueous solution soon decomposes when left to 
 itself; this decomposition is instantaneous on boil- 
 ing. If a hypochlorite be present in the solution, 
 the ferrate of potash is only slowly decomposed on 
 boiling. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 pp. 369, 371.) 
 
 FERRATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, and in 
 a concentrated solution of caustic soda. (Fremy, 
 loc. cit., p. 373.) 
 
 FERRICYANHYDRIC ACID. Easily soluble in 
 C 12 H 3 Fe 2 N 6 = 3 H Cy, Fe 2 Cy s = H 3 . Cfdy"< water ; 
 
 the so- 
 lution undergoing decomposition when boiled for 
 a long time. Also soluble in alcohol, but this 
 solution is decomposed by the action of light. 
 (Compare F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, 
 (3.) 4, 102.) 
 
 The fcrricyanides of metals, the oxides of which 
 are soluble in ammonia- water, or in a solution of 
 caustic potash, are themselves soluble in solutions 
 of ammonia and potash. (Reynoso, Ann. Ch. et 
 Pliys., (3.) 30. 255.) 
 
 FERRI CYANHYDRATE OF ClNCHONIN. 
 N 2 { C 40 H 24 <V' , 3 H Cy, Fe 2 Cy 8 + 4 Aq 
 
 FERRlCYANIIYDRATE OF CODEIN. 
 FERRlC YANHYDRATE OF HARMALIN. 
 FERRlCYANIIYDRATE OF HARMIN. 
 FEURlCYANHYDRATE OF MORPHINE. Ppt. 
 FERRlCYANIIYDRATE OF NlTRO HARMALIN. 
 
 Less soluble in water than the nitroharmin salt. 
 
 FERRlC YANHYDRATE OF NlTROHARMIN. 
 
 More soluble in water than the nitroharmalin salt. 
 
 FERRlCYANHYDRATE OF QUININE. Easily 
 
 C 40 H M N 2 4 , Fe 2 Cy 3 , 3 H Cy + 3 Aq soluble in water, 
 
 but the solution 
 is decomposed by evaporation. (Dollfus.) 
 
 FERRlCYANHYDRATEOF STRYCHNINE. Very 
 
 3 C 42 II 22 N 2 4J 3 H Cy, Fe., Cy s -j- 12 Aq hygroscopic. 
 
 Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, more soluble in hot water. 
 Soluble in cold, but more soluble in warm alcohol. 
 (D. Brandis.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Permanent. 
 3 N H 4 Cy, Fe 2 Cy s + 6 Aq Readily soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol (?). 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF BARIUM. Known only in 
 3 Ba Cy, Fe 2 Cy 3 aqueous solution. (Berzelius's 
 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF BARIUM & POTASSIUM. 
 K Ba 2 Cy 3 , Fe a Cy a + 6 Aq Permanent. Readily 
 soluble in water; less 
 soluble in alcohol. (Bette.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF BISMUTH. Ppt. Insoluble 
 Bi Cy s , Fe a Cy 3 in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF BRUCiN. Resembles the 
 ferrocyanide. (Brandes.) 
 
 FERRI CYANIDE OF CADMIUM. Readily soluble 
 3 Cd Cy , Fe 2 Cy s in aqueous solutions of ammoniacal 
 salts, and in ammonia-water. 
 (Wittstein.) Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF CALCIUM. Deliquescent. 
 3 Ca Cy, Fe 2 Cy 3 + 10 Aq in moist air. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. Also sol- 
 uble in weak alcohol. (Bette.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Ap- 
 pears to be soluble, in water. 
 
 FERRICYANIDE qfsesguioxide OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF COBALT. Insoluble in 
 3 Co Cy, Fe 2 Cy s ammonia- water. (Wittstein.) 
 Insoluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 Soluble in ammonia- water. (Reynoso.) 
 
 Z)JFERRlCYANIDE OF COPPER. Ppt. Insolu- 
 
 3 Cu-j Cy, Fe 2 Cy 3 ble in solutions of the ammoniacal 
 salts ; but soluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Wittstein.) 
 
 ProtoFERRiCYANiDE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 3 Cu Cy, Fe 2 Cy 4 ammonia-water, and in an aqueous 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia. 
 Only partially soluble in hot solutions of the other 
 ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) Insoluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF FERAMMONIUM. Insoluble 
 
 so- 
 
 tartrate 
 of ammonia. 
 
 Scarcely at all acted upon by ammonia-water. 
 Decomposed by aqueous solutions of the fixed 
 alkalies, even in the cold. (Monthiers.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF IRON. 
 
 (Prussian Blue.) 
 
 I.) TurnbuWs Blue. 
 C 12 N 6 Fe s + 12 Aq = 3 Fe Cy, Fe 2 Cy s + 12 Aq 
 
 II.) Ordinary Prussian Blue. 
 
 C 18 N 9 Fe 7 + 18 Aq = 3 Fe Cy, 2 Fe, Cy 3 + 18 Aq Very 
 
 hygro- 
 
 scopic. (Berzelius.) Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 ether, the essential oils, or dilute acids. Unacted 
 upon by small quantities of cold concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. It dissolves at once in a cold 
 aqueous solution of normal tartrate of ammonia. 
 (Monthiers.) Soluble in oxalic acid. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of many of the nitro-prnssids. 
 (Play fair.) Insoluble in ammonia-water. (Rey- 
 noso.) Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. pp. 586, 588.) De- 
 composed by nitric acid when this is gently 
 warmed ; also by strong fuming chlorhydric acid. 
 Decomposed by alkaline solutions. (Ibid.) Solu- 
 tions of tartrate or citrate of iron containing free 
 tartaric or citric acid are not precipitated, but only 
 colored blue, on the addition of ferrocyanide of 
 potassium. (Calloud.) It is not formed in solu- 
 tions which contain tartaric acid. (Spiller.) 
 
 " In all cases in which the formation of Prus- 
 sian blue occurs in presence of a compound of 
 potassium, the Prussian blue takes up ferrocyanide 
 of potassium in a state of intimate union, and in 
 particular abundance when the latter is present in 
 excess. Prussian blue containing a considerable 
 quantity of ferrocyanide of potassium, is not solu- 
 ble in the saline liquid in which it is produced ; 
 but on decanting this liquid, and washing the 
 residue with water, the water acquires a blue color 
 which becomes continually deeper as the soluble 
 salts are removed, the water in fact dissolving the 
 
270 
 
 FERRICYANIDES. 
 
 greater part of the ferrocyanide of potassium, and 
 by means of it a large quantity of Prussian blue. 
 This is the soluble Prussian blue described by 
 Berzelius and Robiquet. With a smaller quantity 
 of ferrocyanide of potassium the Prussian blue 
 does not "dissolve in the wash water, but very 
 slowly gives up to it the ferrocyanide of potassium, 
 so that ultimately a residue is obtained, consisting 
 of Prussian blue free from potassium." (L. Gme- 
 lin, Handbook, 7. 439.) 
 
 Prussian blue which contains much ferrocyanide 
 of potassium is wholly or in part soluble in water, 
 but is insoluble in saline solutions like chloride of 
 ammonium. It is not precipitated from this solu- 
 tion either on boiling or by the addition of alcohol, 
 but is thrown down by chlorhydric acid and by 
 many salts, after which it may again he dissolved 
 in pure water. ( Robiquet. ) All samples of Prus- 
 sian blue give up ferrocyanide of potassium to 
 boiling- water. (Wach.) 
 
 III.) Ammoniacal Prussian Blue. Insoluble in 
 3 (Fe Cy, N H 3 , H O), 2 (Fe 2 Cy,) + 9 Aq an aqueous so- 
 lution of nor- 
 mal tartrate of ammonia. (Monthiers.) 
 
 IV.) Green cyanide of Iron. Soluble in pure 
 (Prussian Green.)' water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 C 24 N 12 Fe 9 + 12 AqorC 8 N 4 Fe 3 I nso l u bl e in water. 
 + 4 Aq = Fe Cy, Fe 2 Cy s + 4 Aq Ingo | uble in concen . 
 
 trated chlorhydric acid, but is decomposed when 
 
 boiled therewith during several hours. (Pelouze.) 
 
 V.) Basic Prussian Blue. Soluble in water. 
 
 3 Fe Cy, 2 Fe 2 Cy 8 ; Fe, 8 Insoluble in an aqueous 
 
 solution of ferrocyanide 
 
 of potassium and in saline solutions generally, 
 'which also precipitate it from the aqueous solu- 
 tion. Alcohol does not precipitate it from the 
 aqueous solution. (Berzelius.) 
 
 VI.) " Soluble Prussian Blue." Soluble in pure 
 
 3 Fe Cy , 2 Fe, Cy 3 5 2 K Cy, Fe Cy water. Insoluble 
 
 in saline solutions, 
 
 or in acids. Alcohol precipitates it from the aque- 
 ous solution. (Berzelius.) 
 
 VII. ) 2 (3 Fe Cy, 2 Fe 2 Cy s ) ; 2 K Cy, Fe Cy Insol- 
 
 u b le 
 
 in water, but is gradually oxidized and then dis- 
 solved when in contact with water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 592.) 
 
 VIII.) 3 (3 Fe Cy, 2 Fe 2 Cy 3 ) ; 2 (2 K Cy, Fe Cy) 
 Soluble in water, and in dilute spirit. (Ibid.) 
 
 FERRI CYANIDE OF LEAD. Slightly soluble in 
 3 Pb Cy, Fe a Cy 3 water ; more soluble in hot than 
 in cold water, but the solution de- 
 posits a powder when boiled. (Gmelin.) 
 
 FERRI CYANIDE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Ppt. 
 6 N H 8 . Co 2 Cy s , Fe 2 Cy s + Aq 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Readily sol- 
 3 Mg Cy, Fe 2 Cy 8 + 17 Aq uble in water. Soluble 
 in spirit. (Bette.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble 
 3 Mn Gy, Fc 2 Cy s in water. 
 
 Insoluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Reynoso.) Insoluble in acids. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 Slightly soluble in an aqueous solution of carbo- 
 nate of ammonia. Insoluble in a solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. (Wittstein.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in chlor- 
 3 N5 Cy, Fe 2 Cy s hydric acid. 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF NICKEL & OF NICKELAM- 
 Ni Cy, 2 (N | flj'.Cy), Fe 2 Cy, + Aq MONIUM. Ppt. 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Permanent 
 3 K Cy, Fe 2 Cy s 
 
 1 pt. of the salt 100 pts. of wa- Sp. gr. of 
 At C. is soluble in pts. ter dissolve pts. the solu- 
 of water. of the salt. tion. 
 
 4.4 .303 . . 33.0 . . 1.151 
 
 10 2.73 366 1.164 
 
 15.6 2.54 40.8 1.178 
 
 37.8 1.70 58.8 1.225 
 
 100 1.29 77.5 1.250 
 
 104.4 .1.21 . . 82.6 . . 1.265 
 
 (Wallace, J. Ch. Soc., 7.80.) 
 Soluble in 2.63 pts. of water at 13; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 13 dissolve 38 pts. of it ; or the aqueous 
 solution saturated at 13 contains 27.5% of it, and 
 is of 1.1630 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 
 1860, 113. 350.) Soluble in 3.8 pts. of cold, and in 
 a smaller quantity of hot water (L. Gmelin.) ; in 
 2 pts. of cold and in less than 1 pt. of hot water. 
 (Girardin.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains (by experiment) 
 
 solution of per cent of 
 
 sp. gr. (at 13) 3 K Cy, Fe 2 Cy s 
 
 1.0158 3.06 
 
 1.0320 6.10 
 
 1.0492 9.20 
 
 1.0668 12.20 
 
 1.1026 18.33 
 
 1.1630 27.50 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula : 
 _ i _f. 0.005069 p -f- 0.00003123 p 2 , in which 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the percent- 
 age of substance in the solution, by means of 
 which Ott has calculated the following table. 
 An aqueous Contains An aqueous Contains 
 solution of per cent of solution of per cent of 
 sp. gr. 3 K Cy, sp. gr. 3 K Cy, 
 
 (at 13) Fe a Cy 8 (at 13) Fe 2 Cy 3 
 
 1.0051 . . 1 1.0891 . . 16 
 
 1.0103 2 1.0952 17 
 
 1.0155 3 1.1014 18 
 
 1.0208 4 1.1076 19 
 
 1.0261 5 1.1139 20 
 
 1.0315 6 1.1202 21 
 
 1.0370 7 1.1266 22 
 
 1.0426 8 1.1331 23 
 
 1.0482 9 1.1396 24 
 
 1.0538 10 1.1462 - 25 
 
 1.0595 11 1.1529 26 
 
 1.0653 12 1.1596 27 
 
 1.0712 13 1.1664 28 
 
 1.0771 14 1.1732 29 
 
 1.0831 . . 15 1.1802 . . 30 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 
 
 199.) 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 104.4. 
 (Wallace, loc. cit.) Very insoluble in strong al- 
 cohol. (F. &E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 
 4. 102.) Insoluble in absolute alcohol. Very 
 sparingly soluble in spirit. (L. Gmelin.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 3 K Cy, Fe, Cy 8 ; 3 Na Cy, Fe 2 Cy 8 , & + 6 Aq Soluble 
 
 in wa- 
 ter. (Laurent.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF POTASSIUM with IODIDE 
 3K Cy v Fe 2 Cy s ; KI OF POTASSIUM. (Preuss.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF ROSEOCOBALT. Insoluble 
 5 N H 8 . Co 2 Cy 3 , Fe 2 Cy s + 3 Aq in cold, readily de- 
 composed by hot 
 
 water. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithsonian Contributions, 
 Vol. 9.) 
 
 FERRICYANIDE OF SILVER. Soluble in am- 
 
 3 Ag Cy, Fe 2 Cy s monia-water, and in a hot aqueous 
 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia ; 
 
 but insoluble in solutions of the other ammoniacal 
 
 salts. 
 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of proto-nitrate 
 
FERROCYANIDES. 
 
 271 
 
 of mercury. ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pftarm., 
 41.317.) 
 
 FERRICTANIDE OP SODIUM. Effloresces in 
 3 Na Cy, Fe 2 Cy s + 2 Aq moist air. ( Kramer. ) De- 
 liquescent. (Bette.) Sol- 
 uble in 5.3 pts. of cold, and in 1.25 pts. of boiling 
 water. Very sparingly soluble in alcohol (Kra- 
 mer) ; but alcohol does not precipitate it from the 
 aqueous solution. (Bette.) Insoluble in alcohol ; 
 but even a very- concentrated aqueous solution 
 may be mixed with a large quantity of strong 
 alcohol without precipitating the salt. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 583.) 
 
 FERRICTANIDE OF TIN. Imperfectly soluble 
 3 Sn Cy, Fe 2 Cy s in ammonia-water, and in aqueous 
 solutions of the ammoniacal salts. 
 (Wittstein.) Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FERRlCYANIDE OF URANIUM(Ur 2 Oa). Solu- 
 
 ble in an aqueous solution of carbonate of ammo- 
 nia. (Wittstein.) 
 
 FERRlCYANIDE OF VANADIUM(V O 2 ). Ppt. 
 
 FERRICTANIDE OF ZINC. Readily soluble in 
 3ZnCy, Fe 2 Cy 3 ammonia-water, and in aqueous 
 solutions of the ammoniacal salts. 
 (Wittstein.) Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FERRICTANIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 FERRIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 FERRIDE OF TIN. Slowly soluble in concen- 
 Sn Fe 3 trated chlorhydric acid. Easily soluble in 
 aqua-regia. It is not attacked even by 
 boiling nitric acid. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 FERROUS ACID. Vid. SesqitiOxiAe of Iron. 
 
 FERRITE OF IRON & OF MANGANESE. 
 (Fe 0, Mn 0), Fe 2 O s 
 
 FERRITE OF LIME. Insoluble in pure water, 
 Ca 0, 4 Fe 2 O s or in a solution of sugar. Decom- 
 posed by an aqueous solution of 
 carbonic acid, especially if it be boiled therewith. 
 Decomposed by acids. Insoluble in a solution of 
 caustic potash. (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 33. 7.) 
 
 FERRITE OF NICKEL. 
 
 FERRITE OF POTASH. Decomposed by water, 
 
 K 0, Fe 2 O s and by most liquids ; but may be kept 
 
 in contact with an aqueous solution of 
 
 chloride of ammonium for some time without 
 
 decomposition. (Salm-Horstmar.) 
 
 FERRITE OF SODA. Decomposed by water, 
 both cold and hot, the soda being entirely re- 
 moved. (Schaffgotsch.) But, like the potash 
 salt, it is not readily decomposed by a solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Salm-Horstmar.) 
 
 FERRITE OF ZINC. Scarcely acted upon by 
 Zn 0, Fe 2 O s cold dilute chlorhydric acid. Com- 
 pletely soluble in boiling concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 33. 48.) 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 
 (FerroPrv.ssic Acid.) (Porrett, 
 
 C 6 N 3 Fe H 2 = 2 H Cy, Fe Cy, = H 2 , Cfy" Phil. Trans., 
 
 1814, p. 
 
 530.) Readily soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether, by which it is precipitated from 
 the aqueous solution. Very much less soluble in 
 a mixture of ether and alcohol than in alcohol 
 alone. (Posselt.) Insoluble in concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Robiquet.) 
 
 The ferrocyanides of metals, the oxides of which 
 are soluble in ammonia-water or in a solution of 
 caustic potash, are themselves soluble in solutions 
 
 of ammonia, and potash. (Reynoso, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 255.) 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF BRUCIN. 
 
 I.) 4C 46 H 26 N 2 8 ,4IICy, 2FeCy + 4Aq Very 
 
 hygro- 
 scopic. Sparingly soluble in cold, much more 
 soluble in hot water or alcohol. (Brandes.) 
 
 II.) acid. Scarcely soluble in water or alco- 
 hol. Soluble in an alcoholic solution of brucin. 
 (Brandes.) 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF CINCHONIN. Some- 
 C 40 H M N 2 2 , 4 H Cy, 2 Fe Cy + 4 Aq what soluble in 
 
 water. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Dollfus.) Insoluble 
 in a cold aqueous solution of ferrocyanide of potas- 
 sium, but dissolves when the aqueous liquor from 
 which it has been precipitated is warmed, even 
 when this contains an excess of ferrocyanide of 
 potassium. (Bill, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 109.) 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF CODEIN. Soluble 
 in ferrocyanhydric acid. 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF HARMIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF MORPHINE. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 FERROCTANIITDRATE OF NITROHARMALIN. 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF NITROHARMIN. 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF QUININE. Insoluble 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 4 , 4 H Cy, 2 Fe Cy + 4 Aq in water. Dif- 
 ficultly soluble 
 in alcohol. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 403.) 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF SOLANIN. 
 
 FERROCTANHTDRATE OF STRTCHNINB. 
 
 I.) 4C 42 H 22 N 2 4 ,4HCy, 2FeCy + 16Aq Very 
 
 hygro- 
 scopic. Difficultly soluble in cold water; more 
 readily soluble in cold alcohol. It dissolves more 
 readily in both these liquids when they are warm, 
 but is decomposed by hot water. (D. Brandis.) 
 
 II.) C 42 H 22 N 2 4 , 2 H Cy, 2 Fe Cy + 6 Aq Very 
 
 hygro- 
 scopic. Almost insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 (D. Brandis.) 
 
 FfiRROCTANIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 
 I.) 2 A1 2 Cy 8 , 3 Fe Cy Insoluble in water and in 
 dilute acids. (Tissier.) 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. 
 
 FERROCTANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Permanent. 
 2 N H 4 Cy, Fe Cy + 3 Aq Very soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 There is a green isomeric modification of this 
 salt, which is more soluble in water than the ordi- 
 nary modification ; alcohol precipitates it as a 
 thick sirup from the aqueous solution. By re- 
 peated solution and evaporation it is gradually 
 decomposed. The ordinary modification may be 
 converted into the green modification by repeated 
 evaporation. (Berzelius, Lehrb.. 3. 577.) 
 
 FERROCTANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF COPPER. 
 N H 4 Cy, Cu Cy, Fe Cy 
 
 FERROCTANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MAGNE- 
 SIUM. Soluble in 178 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 FERROCTANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF POTAS- 
 N H 4 Cy, 3 K Cy, 2 Fe Cy -I- 6 Aq SiUM. Easily sol- 
 uble in cold, more 
 
 readily in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Rein- 
 del.) 
 
272 
 
 FERROCYANIDES. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF BARIUM. Permanent. Sol- 
 
 2 BaCy, Fe Cy + 6 Aq uble in 584 pts. of cold, and 
 
 in 116 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 (Duflos, Schweigger's J our n. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1832, 
 65. 234); in ISOO pts. of cold water (Porrett, 
 Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 530) ; in 1920 pts. of cold, 
 and about 100 pts. of boiling water. (Thomson.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 0.05 pt. of it, 
 and at 100 1 pt. of it. (Ure's Diet.) Soluble in 
 nitric, and chlorhydric acids. [T.] Somewhat 
 soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 There is an isomeric green modification of this 
 salt which is more soluble in water than the ordi- 
 nary variety ; it is also soluble in weak alcohol. 
 (Bcrzelius,'ejW>., 3. 577.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF BARIUM & OF POTAS- 
 
 K Cy, Ba Cy, Fe Cy -f 3 Aq SIUM. Soluble in 38 
 
 pts. of cold, and in 9.5 
 
 pts. of boiling water (Duflos, Schweiager's Journ. 
 fur Ch. u. Phys,, 1832, 65. 234) ; in 36.38 pts. of 
 water at 14, and in 11.85 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Mosander.) No more soluble in solutions of am- 
 moniacal salts than in water. Soluble in dilute, 
 but insoluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 (H.Rose, Tr.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF BISMUTH. Ppt. Insolu- 
 2 Bi Cy s , 3 Fe Cy ble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. Soluble 
 2 Cd Cy, Fe Cy in ammonia-water ; but only in- 
 completely soluble in hot aqueous 
 solutions of the ammoniacal salts. (Wittatein.) 
 Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF CALCIUM. Deliquescent. 
 2 Ca Cy, Fe Cy, + 12 Aq Very readily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (E. Marchand.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF CALCIUM & OF POTAS- 
 Ca Cy, K Cy, Fe Cy SIUM. Soluble in 795 pts. of 
 water at 15, and in 145 [144.7] 
 pts. of boiling water. Since the solution in boil- 
 ing water is of a different color from that obtained 
 in the cold, and since it yields no precipitate on 
 cooling, decomposition has probably occurred. 
 The salt is also decomposed by long-continued 
 washing with water. Soluble in dilute chlorhy- 
 dric acid, from which it is precipitated, unchanged, 
 on the addition of concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Soluble in nitric acid of 1.2 sp. gr. (Mosander.) 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 Soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE of sesquioxide OF CERIUM. 
 Ppt. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. 
 2 Cr Cy, Fe Cy 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF COBALT. Soluble in an 
 2 Co Cy, Fe Cy + x Aq aqueous solution of carbo- 
 nate of ammonia. Partially 
 
 soluble in ammonia-water. (Wittstein.) Insolu- 
 ble in a solution of chloride of ammonium (Brett), 
 or in chlorhydric acid. Soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in concentrated sulphuric acid. It is not 
 precipitated from solutions which contnin citric 
 acid. Soluble in an aqueous solution of cyanide 
 of potassium. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF CoppER(Cu 2 ). Ppt. Sol- 
 2 Cu 2 Cy, Fe Cy (?) uble in ammonia-water ; insol- 
 uble in solutions of the ammo- 
 niacal salts. (Wittstein.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF COPPER(CU). Insoluble 
 
 666 , 3 , 
 
 Cy 3 =2(N ^" Cy J, FeCy 
 
 2 Cu Cy, Fe Cy in water. Insoluble in, and not 
 decomposed by, acids. Insoluble 
 in solutions of the ammoniacal salts. (Brett, 
 Wittstein.) Soluble in ammonia-water. (War- 
 ington, J. Ch. Soc., 5. 137.) Sparingly soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid. (Berzelius.) In- 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. Ammonia decom- 
 poses the precipitate, but does not dissolve it. (H. 
 Rose, Tr.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF COPPER & OF POTAS- 
 SIUM. 
 
 I.) of Cu. 
 
 a = Cu Cy, K Cy, Fe Cy Insoluble in cold, decom- 
 posed to a slight extent 
 by boiling, water. (Mosander.) 
 b = 3CuCy,KCy,2FeCy + 10Aq Ppt. (Winkler.) 
 
 II.) of Cu 2 . 
 
 a = 2 (K Cy, Cu a Cy, Fe Cy) + 3 Aq Insoluble in 
 
 water, alco- 
 
 hol, or ether. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 cyanide of potassium. Decomposed by acids and 
 by boiling water. (Sehulz.) 
 
 b = 2 Cu 2 Cy, 3 K Cy,2 Fe Cy 4- 8 Aq (Bolley & Mol- 
 
 denhaucr.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF COPPER & OF SODIUM. 
 I.) of Cu. 
 Cu Cy, Na Cy, Fe Cy 
 
 II.) Of CU 2 . 
 Cu 2 Cy, Na Cy, Fe Cy 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF CUPR(/C)AMMONIUM. In- 
 
 (Ammonio FerroCyanide of Copper.) soluble in water 
 C 6 N 6 H 6 FeCu, = 2NH 3 ,2Cu, Fe Qr alcohol . Sol . 
 
 u ble in ammo- 
 nia-water. De- 
 composed by acids. (Bunsen.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF ETHYL. Readily soluble 
 
 2 C 4 II Cy, Fe Cy + 6 Aq in alcohol ; less soluble in 
 
 ether, by which it is pre- 
 
 cipitated from the alcoholic solution. (H. L. 
 Buff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 254.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF GLUCINUM. Easily solu- 
 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF IRON. Insoluble in water 
 or chlorhydric acid. [Compare FerriCyanide of 
 Iron.] 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF IRON & OF POTASSIUM. 
 Fe C v K Cy, Fe Cy Insoluble in water. (Gerhardt's 
 Tr.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 2 Pb Cy, Fe Cy + 3 Aq Partially soluble in hot am- 
 monia-water. Perfectly sol- 
 uble in hot aqueous solutions of chloride of am- 
 monium or succinate of ammonia, but insoluble 
 in solutions of the other ammoniacal salts. (Witt- 
 stein.) Insoluble in an aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 10. 97.) It is not precipitated from solutions 
 containing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Sparingly 
 soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 it is re-precipitated on the addition of water. (Ber- 
 zclius.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Permanent. 
 2 Mg Cy, Fe Cy + 12 Aq Soluble in 3 [5] pts. of 
 cold water. (Bette.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF Po- 
 MgCy, KCy, Fe Cy TASSIUM. Soluble in 1575 pts. 
 of water at 15, and in 238 pts. 
 at 100; the solution in boiling water is colored 
 and deposits nothing on cooling. The salt is also 
 decomposed by washing, oxidation occurring. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble 
 
FERROCYANIDES. 
 
 273 
 
 2 Mo Cy, Fe Cy in aqueous solutions of chloride 
 of ammonium or nitrate of am- 
 monia. (Brett.) Soluble in .chlorhydric acid. 
 (Berzelius.) Insoluble in water or acids. [T.] 
 Soluble in acids. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF MANGANESE & OF POTA8- 
 Mn Cy, K Cy, Fe Cy si CM. Ppt. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE of diCuanide OF MERCURY. 
 2Hg,Cy, FeCy p pt . 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF MERCURY(Hg). Soluble, 
 with decomposition, in an excess of solution of 
 caustic potash. (Beynoso.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) Corresponding to Mb 0. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of ferrocyanide of potassium, and in 
 ammonia-water; from the latter it is precipitated 
 on the addition of chloride of ammonium. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 II.) Corresponding to Mb 2 . Insoluble in a 
 solution of ferrocyanide of potassium. Soluble, 
 with decomposition, in ammonia-water. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 III.) Corresponding to Mb Os Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of ferrocyanide of potassium. 
 Very easily soluble, with decomposition, in am- 
 monia-water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF NICKEL. Soluble in an 
 2 Ni Cy, Fe Cy + x Aq aqueous solution of cyanide 
 of potassium. 
 
 Soluble in ammonia-water (Tupputi), with de- 
 composition. (Reynoso.) Not precipitated from 
 solutions containing citric acid. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the ammo- 
 niacal salts (Wittstein) ; or in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF NICKELAMMONIUM. Com- 
 2 (N H 3 Ni) Cy, Fe Cy pletely insoluble in water. 
 Decomposed by acids. Sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in ammonia-water. 
 (Reynoso, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 3O. 254.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Permanent. 
 2 K Cy, Fe Cy + 3 Aq Abundantly soluble in water, 
 more so in hot than in cold. 
 Soluble in 4.23 pts. of water at 15; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 15 dissolve 23.6 pts. of it; or the aque- 
 ous solution saturated at 15 contains 19.1% of it, 
 or 16.6% of the anhydrous salt, and is of 1.1211 
 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 1860, 
 113. 350.) 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 
 27.8 pts. of it at 12.2 
 
 65.8 " " 37.7 
 
 87.6 " " 65.5 
 
 90.6 " " 96.3; 
 
 the solubility not being much increased by anv 
 augmentation of temperature beyond 93. (T. 
 Thomson, in his System of Chem., London, 1831, 
 2. 250.) Soluble in 3 pts. of water at 15, and in 
 1 pt. of boiling water. The solution saturated at 
 15 contains 25% of it, and that saturated at boil- 
 ing 50%. (M. R. & P.) Soluble in 4 pts. of 
 cold, and in 2 pts. of boiling water ( Wittstein's 
 Handw.); in 4 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fiir 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. 
 of water at 15.5 dissolve 30 pts. of it; at 100, 
 100 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) The aqueous so- 
 lution saturated at 15 is of 1.144089 sp. gr., and 
 contains dissolved in every 100 pts. of water at 
 least 29.229 pts. of the salt. (Michel & Krafft, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) An 
 aqueous solution saturated at 8 is of 1.13 sp. gr. 
 (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 211.) 
 35 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experiment) 
 of sp. gr. (at 15) per cent of 
 
 2 KCy,FeCy -f 3 Aq. 
 
 1.0121 2.12 
 
 1.0243 4.25 
 
 1.0380 6.40 
 
 1.0512 8.50 
 
 1.0786 . 12.80 
 
 1.1211 19.10 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula: 
 D = 1 + 0.005733 p + 0.0000321 p 2 , in which 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p the per- 
 centage of substance in the solution, by means of 
 which Ott has calculated the following table : 
 An aqueous solu- Contains 
 
 tion of sp. gr. Per cent of Per cent of 
 
 (at 15) 2 K Cy, Fe Cy + 3 Aq. anhydrous 
 
 2 K Cy, Fe Cy, 
 
 1.0058 .... 1 ... 0.872 
 1.0116 2 1.744 
 
 1.0175 3 2.616 
 
 1.0234 4 3.488 
 
 1.0295 5 4.360 
 
 1.0356 6 5.232 
 
 1.0417 7 6.104 
 
 1.0479 8 6.976 
 
 1.0542 9 7.848 
 
 1.0605 10 8.720 
 
 1.0669 11 9.592 
 
 1.0734 12 10.464 
 
 1.0800 13 11.336 
 
 1.0866 14 12.208 
 
 1.0932 15 13.080 
 
 1.0999 16 13.952 
 
 1.1067 17 14.824 
 
 1.1136 18 15.696 
 
 1.1205 19 16.568 
 
 1.1275 .... 20 ... 17.440 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 
 
 199.) 
 
 It is liable to form supersaturated solutions. 
 (Ogden.) Insoluble in alcohol. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid forming a compound sol- 
 uble in water, but decomposed by alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) In his Lehrbuch, 3. 576, Berzelius alludes 
 to a green modification of this salt which is more 
 readily soluble than the ordinary modification. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 3 K Cy, Na Cy, 2 Fe Cy + 7 Aq Permanent. Readily 
 soluble both in hot 
 and in cold water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Rein- 
 del.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF STRON- 
 TIUM ? Soluble in water, and in aqueous solu- 
 tions of ammoniacal salts. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF ZINC. 
 K Cy, 3 Zn Cy, 2 Fe Cy + 6 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in 
 warm chlorhydric acid. (Mosander.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 2 Ag Cy, Fe Cy' water or dilute acids. Insoluble in 
 ammonia-water or in an aqueous 
 solution of nitrate of protoxide of mercury. 
 'Wittstein.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 cyanide of potassium. Soluble [?] in ammonia- 
 water, but insoluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) Partially solu- 
 )le, with decomposition, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Berzelius.) Unacted upon by other acids, 
 excepting nitric acid, which decomposes it. (Itt- 
 ner. ) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF SODIUM. Effloresces in 
 2 Na Cy, Fe Cy + 12 Aq dry air. Soluble in 4.5 pts. 
 of water at 12.7 ; and in a 
 
274 
 
 FIBRIN. 
 
 much smaller quantity of boiling water (John) ; 
 in 1 pt. of cold water. (Ittner.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 22 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (John.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Gehlen's Journ., (2.) 3. 171 [T.].) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF STRONTIUM. Efflorescent. 
 2 Sr Cy, Fe Cy + 15 Aq Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, 
 and in Jess than 1 pt. of 
 boiling water. Slightly soluble in alcohol. (Bette.) 
 Soluble in less than 4 pts. of cold water. (Henry, 
 Nicholson's Journ., 3. 171 [T.].) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF TANTALUM. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF THORIUM. Insoluble in 
 water, soluble in acids. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF TIN. Insoluble in water 
 2 Sn Cy, Fe Cy or acids. (Ittner.) Imperfectly 
 soluble in ammonia-water and in 
 solutions of the ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of am- 
 monium or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF TITANIUM. Ppt. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) 2UrCy, FeCy Sparingly soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric or nitric acid, easily sol- 
 uble, with decomposition in hot aqua-regia. De- 
 composed by a solution of caustic potash. 
 
 II.) Ur 3 Cy s , Fe Cy ? Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 
 of carbonate of ammonia 
 
 (Wittstein), and carbonate of soda. (Herschel.) 
 
 It is not precipitated from solutions containing 
 
 citric acid. 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF VANADIUM. 
 
 I.) Corresponding to V Oi. Insoluble in water; 
 not perceptibly soluble in acids. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) Corresponding to VOa. Insoluble in water 
 or acids. (Berzelins.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF XANTHOCOBALT. Almost 
 N O 2 . 6 N H, . Co., . Cy 2 , Fe Cy + 7 Aq insoluble in 
 
 cold, imme- 
 diately decomposed by warm water. (Gibbs & 
 Genth, Smithsonian Contributions, Vol. 9.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF YTTRHJM. Insoluble in 
 2YrCy,FeCy water or acetic acid. (Eckeberg.) 
 Soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Klap- 
 roth.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water 
 2 Zn Cy, Fe Cy + 3 Aq or acids. [T.] Soluble in 
 ammonia-water, and in aque- 
 ous solutions of ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. (Reynoso.) Does not 
 appear to dissolve in aqueous solutions of chloride 
 of ammonium or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, 
 Phil. Mac/., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in boiling aqueous solutions of ferrocyanide or 
 ferricyanide of potassium ; readily soluble in a 
 boiling solution of cyanide of potassium. (Gore.) 
 Sparingly soluble, without decomposition, in cold 
 dilute acids. 
 
 Insoluble in cold, sparingly soluble in boiling 
 chlorhydric acid. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 533.) In- 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Lea, Am. J. Sci., 
 (2.) 31. 191.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF ZINC & OF ZINCAMMO- 
 
 (AmmonioFerroCyanide of Zinc.) NIUM. Ppt. 
 
 ZnCy, 3N j^Cy,2FeCyf2Aq (Bunsen.) 
 
 FERROCYANIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. Ppt. (H. 
 Rose, TV.) 
 
 Fettsaure. Vid. Sebacic Acid. 
 
 FIBRIN. When coagulated, either spontaneous- 
 
 ly or by boiling, it is insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 or ether ; but is partially decomposed by long- 
 continued boiling with water. 
 
 When heated to 150 with water in a closed tube 
 it dissolves entirely with decomposition. (Hla- 
 ziwetz.) Fibrin from blood, as well as muscular 
 fibre which has been boiled with water, dissolves 
 completely in water, with the exception of an 
 insignificant residue, when heated therewith to 
 150 in a closed yessel, during two or three hours. 
 This solution is precipitated on the addition of 
 acids, even by exceedingly dilute nitric acid ; the 
 precipitate produced by acetic acid being easily 
 soluble in an excess of the latter. (Wcehler & 
 J. Vogel, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1842, 41. 239.) 
 When exposed to the air it decomposes rapidly and 
 putrefies, dissolving at the same time if water be 
 present, being converted into a substance which, 
 like albumen, is coagulable by heat. (Lehmann.) 
 After having been dried, it swells up in water and 
 again becomes soft and flexible. 
 
 It is softened by solutions of the caustic alka- 
 lies, and at length forms with them a homogeneous 
 emulsion. (Caventou, loc. inf. cit.) More easily 
 soluble in alkaline solutions than many of the other 
 protein compounds. (Lehmann.) Soluble in a 
 solution of caustic potash, even when this is very 
 dilute. Insoluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 Most mineral acids cause fibrin to swell up. 
 Soluble in strong, but insoluble in weak sulphuric 
 acid. Soluble in concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 Concentrated acetic acid causes fibrin to swell 
 up and renders it soluble in water ; especially if 
 the fibrin has been obtained from young animals. 
 (Dumas.) More easily soluble in acetic acid 
 than many of the other protein compounds. 
 (Lehmann.) 
 
 Slowly soluble in cold concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid. (Caventou, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. pp. 
 326, 328.) Decomposed by boiling chlorhydric 
 acid. Rapidly soluble in very dilute chlorhydric 
 acid at a temperature of 36. (Dumas.) Blood 
 fibrin is insoluble in water which contains 0.1 pt. 
 of chlorhydric acid ; while the fibrin of flesh dis- 
 solves in such acidulated water with greater or 
 less rapidity, according to the animal from which 
 it came. (Liebig.) When uncooked fibrin, either 
 from blood or flesh, is digested with ten times its 
 weight of water containing so little chlorhydric 
 acid that it scarcely reddens litmus-paper, or bet- 
 ter, containing for every 1000 grms. of water 0.634 
 grm., of chlorhydric acid, during twelve hours at 
 the ordinary temperature, the liquid becomes ge- 
 latinous, the fibrin having dissolved ; this jelly is 
 soluble in water, forming a liquid which coagulates 
 when heated ; on the addition of chlorhydric acid 
 to this solution a precipitate is formed, but this re- 
 dissolves in an excess of the acid. But after hav- 
 ing been cooked, fibrin is no longer soluble, even 
 in extremely dilute chlorhydric acid alone, though 
 soluble therein on the addition of a peculiar sub- 
 stance [" pepsin "] which occurs in the stomachs 
 of living animals. (Bouchardat & Sandras, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. pp. 481, 484, 490.) 
 
 In terhydrated phosphoric acid it swells up, 
 forming a mass which is soluble in water. Ea- 
 sily soluble, with decomposition, in boiling nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Partially soluble in aqueous solutions of neutral 
 salts of the alkalies, especially in a solution of 
 nitrate of potash. 
 
 " It is generally supposed that spontaneously 
 coagulated fibrin will dissolve in solutions of cer- 
 tain alkaline salts; but we should greatly err if 
 we were to regard a fluid thus obtained as a 
 
FLUOBORATES. 
 
 275 
 
 simple solution ; for fibrin not only requires a 
 longer period to dissolve in a saline fluid than is 
 necessary for the solution of a simple substance in 
 an indifferent menstruum, but also a higher tem- 
 perature, and the saline fluid must always be kept 
 for an hour or more, at a temperature approxi- 
 mating to the hatching heat (between 30 and 40), 
 before any considerable quantity of fibrin will be 
 dissolved. Moreover, the fibrin should not be too 
 long exposed to the action of the air, if we wish 
 to effect its solution. Denis (Arch. Gen. de Me'd., 
 (3.) 1. 171), who first noticed this solubility of 
 fibrin, Scherer (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 40. 35), and 
 Polli (Ann. Univ. di Med., 1839, Apr., pp. 25-33) 
 used for this purpose a solution of 3 pts. of nitrate 
 of potash in 50 pts. of water. Zimmermann 
 (Casper's Wochenschrift, 1843, No. 30) has, how- 
 ever, shown that solutions of the alkaline sul- 
 phates, phosphates, carbonates, and acetates, as 
 well as the chlorides, bromides, and iodides, might 
 be employed for the same object. The solution 
 thus obtained, which is always imperfect, and 
 contains undissolved portions requiring to be re- 
 moved, is viscid, and at about 73 coagulates in 
 flakes. It differs from an albuminous solution in 
 being strongly precipitated by acetic acid (which 
 is only the case to a slight degree with albumen 
 when carefully neutralized) ; it is not coagulated 
 by ether, in which respect it differs from the natu- 
 rally dissolved substance which forms fibrin. 
 When the fibrin has been digested for a sufficient 
 length of time, the solution is not rendered turbid 
 by dilution with water, as is the case after di- 
 gestion for only a short period. At ordinary tem- 
 peratures, the clear solution remains for a long 
 time unaffected by the atmosphere, only deposit- 
 ing solid particles after it has absorbed oxygen, 
 when it has passed into a state of putrefaction, and 
 exhibits vibriones. Scherer thought that he had 
 proved that the fibrin from arterial blood or from 
 venous blood in inflammatory diseases could not 
 be converted into this albuminous substance by 
 saline solutions. This view has been contradicted 
 by Zimmermann, but the subject has not yet been 
 fully investigated. Lehmann's own experiments 
 tend to show that the fibrin of the venous blood of 
 the ox very speedily loses these properties, while 
 that of the arterial blood of the same animal does 
 not dissolve in a solution of nitrate of potash. 
 In man Lehmann found that fibrin, whether from 
 venous, arterial, or inflammatory blood, was solu- 
 ble, excepting in two cases of inflammatory blood ; 
 the arterial and venous fibrin from pigs' blood 
 dissolved equally well, and with great rapidity in 
 water containing nitrate of potash." (Lehmann, 
 in his Physiol. Chem., London, 1851, 1. pp. 351, 
 352.) 
 
 After having been boiled, fibrin can no longer 
 be converted into this soluble, albumen-like sub- 
 stance by digestion in solutions of alkaline salts. 
 With acids and alkalies, however, boiled fibrin 
 reacts in the same manner as coagulated albumen, 
 dissolving in alkalies, and forming combinations 
 with acids which are insoluble in acidulated water, 
 but freely soluble in pure water. By prolonged 
 boiling with water it is decomposed to a soluble 
 and an insoluble compound. (Lehmann.) 
 
 In its naturally dissolved form, fibrin is not 
 easily distinguished from albumen. In filtered 
 frogs' blood neither acetic acid nor ammonia-water 
 occasion any precipitation ; but a concentrated 
 solution of caustic potash will precipitate fibrin as 
 well as albumen ; ether causes fibrin to coagulate, 
 while it allows the albumen of frogs' blood to 
 remain dissolved. The spontaneous coagulation 
 
 of the fibrin from the plasma of all vertebrate 
 animals, which occurs on exposure to the air, 
 may be greatly retarded by dilute solutions of the 
 alkaline sulphates, nitrates, chlorides, carbonates, 
 and acetates, and may even be entirely prevented 
 by concentrated solutions. (Lehmann.) 
 
 II.) Vegetable Fibrin. Insoluble in water, alco- 
 
 (Albumine(ot Berzelius). hoi, or ether. Soluble in 
 
 Zymotic.) dilute solutions of caustic 
 
 potash. (Compare Dumas 
 
 & Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 389, 
 400.) 
 
 FIBROIN. Insoluble in boiling water, alcohol, 
 ether, or acetic acid. Soluble in a cold concen- 
 trated solution of caustic potash, a precipitate 
 being formed on the addition of water as well as 
 by acids. Insoluble in cold, soluble in a hot, 
 dilute aqueous solution of caustic potash. Insol- 
 uble in ammonia-water and in aqueous solutions 
 of the alkaline carbonates. Soluble in cold con- 
 centrated sulphuric, chlorhydric, phosphoric, and 
 nitric acids. 
 
 FICHTELITE. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 C 8 H 7 (Clark.) 
 
 "FLAVEQUISETIN." Very sparingly soluble 
 in cold, more soluble in boiling water. Soluble in 
 alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. (Baup, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 3O. 313.) 
 
 FLAVINDIC ACID. 
 C 48 H 21 N 3 12 
 
 FLAVINDATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 0*8 H 18 Ag 3 N 3 12 
 
 FLAVINDIN. Slightly soluble, in boiling water. 
 C 48 H 15 N s 6 Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Soluble in ammonia-water. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 FLAVIN. Vid. rfz'PhenylUrea. 
 
 FLOWERS OF BENZOIN. Vid. Benzoic Acid. 
 
 "FLUoBoRic ACID." Vid. Fluorhydrate of 
 H 0, B 3 , 3 H Fl Boracic Acid. 
 
 FLUOBORIC ACID. Known only in aqueous 
 H Fl, B F] 8 solution. 
 
 Many of the fluoborates are solu- 
 ble, as snch, in water. 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF ALUMINUM. Soluble in wa- 
 Al a FI 3 , 3 B Fl s ter only when this is acidulated. 
 Easily soluble in acids. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF AMMONIUM. Very soluble 
 N H 4 Fl, B F1 3 in water. Tolerably readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF BARIUM. Deliquesces in 
 Ba Fl, B F1 8 -f 2 Aq moist air. Easily soluble in 
 water. Decomposed by alco- 
 hol, with formation of a soluble acid, and an in- 
 soluble basic, salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF CALCIUM. Decomposed by 
 Ca Fl, B Fl a water, with formation of a soluble 
 acid, and an insoluble basic, salt. 
 (Berzelins.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF COPPER. Easily deliquescent. 
 CuFl, BF1 3 Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF LEAD. Partially decomposed 
 (Borofluoride of Lead.) by boiling water or alcohol, 
 Pb Fl, B F1 3 to a soluble acid salt and an 
 
 insoluble basic salt. (Ber- 
 zelius. ) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF LITHIUM. Hygroscopic. 
 Li Fl, B Fl s Easily soluble in water. (Berzelins.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF MAGNESIUM. Readily solu- 
 MgFi, BFij ble in water. (BerzeliusJ 
 
276 
 
 FLUORIDES. 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in 
 K Fl. B F1 8 70.42 pts. of cold water; or 100 pts. 
 of cold water dissolve 1.42 pts. of it; , 
 very much more soluble in boiling water. Slight- 
 ly 'soluble in hot, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) Insoluble in strong alcohol ; bat 
 somewhat soluble in weak spirit, made by mixing 
 2 volumes of 84% alcohol with 1 volume of water. 
 Insoluble in a concentrated aqueous solution of 
 acetate of potash. (Aug. Stromeyer, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 100. 82.) No more soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water than in pure water, and crystallizes out 
 unchanged from the boiling solution. Soluble in 
 boiling aqueous solutions of carbonate of potash, 
 and of soda, without any evolution of carbonic 
 acid ; also in a solution of caustic potash,. separat- 
 ing out unchanged from the boiling solution. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 102.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF SODIUM. Easily soluble in 
 Na Fl, B FJ S water. Very sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF YTTRIUM. Soluble only in 
 Y Fl, B F1 3 water which contains an excess of acid. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOBORATE OF ZINC. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 Zn Fl, B Fi s ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOBORIDE OF X. Vid. FluoBorate of X. 
 
 FLUOHYDRIC ACID. Vid. Fluorhydric Acid. 
 
 FLUOPLATINIC ACID. Vid. 6iFluoride of Pla- 
 tinum. 
 
 FLUOPLATINATE OF AMMONIUM. Decom- 
 
 posed by water to a soluble acid, and an insoluble 
 basic, salt. Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOPLATINATE OF POTASSIUM. Deliques- 
 cent. Decomposed by water, with deposition of a 
 basic salt. Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOPLATINATE OF SODIUM. Decomposed 
 by water, to a soluble acid, and an insoluble basic, 
 salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORHYDRIC ACID. Very soluble in water, 
 (Hydrofluoric acid. w ith great evolution of heat. 
 
 Fluoric acid.) y ery soluble in water . at t he 
 
 ordinary temperature, 2 grains 
 of water were observed to take up 200 times their 
 bulk of the gas, and leave little residuum besides 
 common air ; but the solution is seldom obtained in 
 large quantities so strong as this. (Dalton, in his 
 New System, 2.279.) Soluble in alcohol, apparent- 
 ly with combination. (Reinsch.) The metallic 
 fluorides vary in solubility, several of them are sol- 
 uble in ether. The double salts of the metallic 
 fluorides dissolve with more difficulty in water 
 than either of their component salts. (Berzelius.) 
 The acid fluorhydrates (see bifluorides M Fl, H 
 Fl) are all soluble in water. 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF BORACIC ACID. Known 
 (Fluorboric Add.) only in aqueous solution. When 
 H 0, B 3 , 3 H Fl the concentrated solution is di- 
 luted with much water boracic 
 acid is precipitated. Alcohol is decomposed by 
 it with formation of ether. 
 
 [For its salts, see Borate of X with Fluoride 
 of X.] 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF BRUCIN. Tolerably easily 
 soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in boiling, 
 scarcely at all soluble in cold alcohol. (Elder- 
 horst.) 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF CiNCHONiniN(of Pasteur). 
 Very readily soluble in water. (Leers, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 82. 159.) 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF CINCHONIN. Soluble in 
 
 C 40 H M N, 2 , 2 H Fl water and in dilute alcohol. 
 (Elderhorst.) 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF CUJIIDIN. 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF FLUORIDE OF X. Vid. 
 6Fluoride of X. 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF MELANILIN. Tolerably 
 easily soluble in water ; less soluble in alcohol. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 294.) 
 
 " FLUORHYDRATE OF METHYLENE." Vid. Flu- 
 oride of Methyl. 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF MORPHINE. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. (El- 
 derhorst.) 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF QUININE. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Elderhorst.) 
 
 FLUORHYDRATE OF STRYCHNINE. Readily 
 
 Cu H 22 N 2 4 , 4 H Fl + 4 Aq soluble in warm water ; 
 
 still more soluble in 
 
 boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Elderhorst.) 
 
 FLUORIC ACID. Vid. Fluorhydric Acid. 
 
 FLUORIDES. The fluorides of potassium, so- 
 dium, ammonium, and silver are soluble in 
 water, the other metallic fluorides are insoluble. 
 (Persoz, Chim. Molec., p. 463.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 
 I.) A1 2 FJ S Insoluble in water. Unacted upon 
 
 by acids. Scarcely at all attacked 
 
 by boiling concentrated sulphuric acid, or by a 
 
 boiling concentrated solution of caustic potash. 
 
 (Deville, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 49. 79.) 
 
 II.) In t or hydrated. Slowly soluble in cold, 
 more readily soluble in hot water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF AMMONIUM. 
 A1 2 Fig ; N H 4 Fl Slightly soluble in water. Insol- 
 uble in water which contains am- 
 monia, or fluoride of ammonium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF COPPER. Very 
 A1 2 Fig ; Cu Fl slowly, but completely, soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF LITHIUM. 
 Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) . 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF NICKEL. 
 Al 2 Fl a ;NiFl Slowly, but completely, soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) "potash kryolite" '(artificial). Insoluble in 
 water. (Deville.) 
 
 II.) 2 K Fl ; A1 2 Fl s Very sparingly soluble in 
 acids, and still less soluble 
 in water. (Gay-Lussac & Thenard.) 
 
 HI.) 3 K Fl ; Al, Fl s Insoluble in water or in 
 an aqueous solution of flu- 
 orhydric acid. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ALUMINUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) "artificial kryolite." Insoluble in water. 
 NaFl; A1 2 Fl g (Deville.) 
 
 II.) kryolite(native). Sparingly soluble in water. 
 3 Na Fl ; Alj Fl, 
 
 FLUORIDE OP ALUMINUM & OF ZINC. Very 
 ZnFl; A1 2 F1 3 slowly,.but completely, soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. NH 4 F1 Permanent. Readily sol- 
 uble in water. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in alcohol. These solutions lose ammo- 
 nia when evaporated. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very quickly deliquesces. Soluble 
 NH 4 F1,HF1 in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
FLUORIDES. 
 
 277 
 
 FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF ANTIMONY. 
 2NH 4 Fl;SbFl 3 Hygroscopic. Soluble in 0.9 
 pt. of cold water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol or ether. (Flueckiger.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF CHROMIUM. 
 N H 4 Fl ; Cr 2 F1 5 Sparingly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF COBALT. 
 NH 4 Fl;CoFl Sparingly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 FWTORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MOLYBDE- 
 NUM(MO Fl). Resembles the potassium com- 
 pound. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MOLYBDE- 
 NUM(MO F1 2 ). Easily soluble in water. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF NICKEL. 
 Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF TITANIUM. 
 I.) N H 4 Fl ; Ti Fl, Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 II.) N H 4 Fl ; 2 Ti F1 8 Soluble in water. 
 FLUORIDE OF ANTIMONY. Deliquescent. 
 I.) ter. Very soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 SbFl. 
 
 II.) quadri. 
 SbFl 4 
 
 III.) quinqui. 
 SbFL 
 
 Both very soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ANTIMONY & OF LITHIUM. 
 
 2 Li Fl ; Sb Fl s Soluble in more than 20 pts. of 
 
 water. (Flueckiger.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ANTIMONY & OF POTASSIUM. 
 I.) 2KF1; SbFl 3 .Soluble in 9 pts. of water at 
 13, and in less than 2 pts. of 
 boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 (Flueckiger.) 
 
 II. ) K Fl , Sb F1 3 More easily soluble than No. 
 L, requiring only 2.8 pts. of 
 water. (Flueckiger.) 
 FLUORIDE or ANTIMONY & OF SODIUM. Sol- 
 
 3 Na Fl, Sb F1 3 uble in 14 pts. of cold, and in 4 pts. 
 
 of boiling water. (Flueckiger.) 
 TerFLUORiDE OF ARSENIC. Soluble, with de- 
 As Fig composition, in water. Miscible, with more 
 or less decomposition, with alcohol and 
 ether, and somewhat less easily with fixed and 
 volatile oils. (Unverdorben.) 
 FLUORIDE OF BARIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 BaFl zelius.) Less soluble in water than fluor- 
 spar(Ca Fl). (Wilson.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of normal citrate of soda. (Spil- 
 ler.) Readily soluble in chlorhydric, nitric, and 
 fluorhydric acids. (Gay-Lussac & Thenard.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in fluorhydric acid. (Fre- 
 BaFi.HFl m y.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF BISMUTH. Soluble in water. 
 BiFi s The aqueous solution is decomposed by 
 evaporation. (Berzelins.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF BORON. Almost instantly ab- 
 B FI 3 sorbed by water, with separation of some 
 boracic acid and formation of fluoboric acid. 
 It is the most soluble gas known, 1 vol. of water 
 dissolving 700 vols. of it. Alcohol absorbs it, and 
 is converted into ether. 1 vol. of concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, of 1 .85 sp. gr., absorbs 50 vols. of 
 it ; on adding a little water to this solution boracic 
 acid is precipitated. (J. Davy.) Cold oil of tur- 
 pentine absorbs 6.8% of it. 
 
 Isoterebenthene absorbs 14.3% of it at 23. 
 
 (Berthelot.) Soluble in terebene without altera- 
 tion. (Berthelot.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF BROMINE. Easily soluble in 
 water. (Leeson.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF CACODYL. Insoluble in water, 
 C 4 H 6 As Fl but appears to be decomposed thereby. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF. CADMIUM. Sparingly soluble 
 Cd Fl in water ; more readily soluble in fluor- 
 hydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF. CALCIUM. Permanent. Solu- 
 CaFl ble in 26545 pts. of water at 15.5. More 
 soluble in water at a higher temperature. 
 (George Wilson, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1846, p. 39.) In 
 a subsequent, more careful research, Wilson de- 
 termined that 1 pt. of fluoride of calcium dis- 
 solves in 26923 pts. of water at 15.5. (Rep. Br. 
 Assoc., 1850, p. 69.) Boiling water dissolves no 
 inconsiderable quantity of it, if it be finely pow- 
 dered, cold water acts more slowly. (Wilson, in 
 Ot. Gr.) When prepared in the moist way, it is 
 not completely insoluble in water. Scarcely at 
 all soluble in dilute, more soluble in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. Decomposed by strong sulphu- 
 ric acid. It is not decomposed by dilute alkaline 
 solutions. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 163.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of ammoniacal salts. (Rose.) 
 
 Pure fluoride of calcium, either native or arti- 
 ficial, is not decomposed by concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid at temperatures lower than 40, but forms 
 with it a thick sirup, which is completely trans- 
 parent and capable of being drawn out into 
 threads ; but if silicic acid be present, fluosilicic 
 acid gas is evolved and gypsum formed in the 
 fluid, rendering it opaque. If water be added to 
 the clear fluid, fluoride of calcium will be precipi- 
 tated and the mass become milky. Concentrated 
 chlorhydric and nitric acids also dissolve it to a 
 clear fluid, but this is not viscid ; on the addition 
 of water the liquid becomes milky, and the filtrate 
 contains but very little fluoride of calcium in solu- 
 tion. Fluorhydric acid dissolves only an insignifi- 
 cant trace of it. A solution of fluorhydric acid is 
 rendered cloudy by the least addition of carbonate 
 of lime, but when a very dilute solution of the 
 acid is treated with a solution of a salt of lime, no 
 precipitate occurs until the acid is neutralized with 
 an alkali, and on the other hand fluorhydric acid 
 precipitates fluoride of calcium from less dilute 
 neutral solutions of lime. Boiling chlorhydric 
 acid dissolves a small portion of it. It is decom- 
 posed by boiling nitric acid. The more strong- 
 ly saturated solutions of fluoride of calcium in 
 chlorhydric and nitric acids which several chemists 
 have observed were doubtless occasioned by the 
 presence of silica in the fluorspar examined by 
 them ; by which means fluosilicate of calcium, a 
 salt readily soluble in acids, was formed. Not de- 
 composed by aqueous alkaline solutions. (Ber- 
 zelius, in his Lehrb., 3. 397.) When free from 
 silicic acid, it is partially decomposed by boiling 
 with aqueous solutions of carbonate of potash and 
 carbonate of soda. (Dulong, Ann. de Chim., 82. 
 278.) 
 
 II.) acid. Decomposed by boiling water. Sol- 
 Ca Fl, H Fl + 6 Aq nble in fluorhydric acid. (Fre- 
 my.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF CALCIUM & OF TITANIUM. Sol- 
 uble in acidulated water. Decomposed by pure 
 water, with formation of a precipitate and an acid 
 salt. 
 
 OF CERIUM. Insoluble in 
 Ce Fi water. (Berzelius, Mosander.) 
 
 OF CERIUM. 
 
278 
 
 FLUORIDES. 
 
 I.) Ce 2 Fl s Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. 
 Ce 2 F1 3 ; Ce 2 3 , H 
 
 OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 OF CHROMIUM. Perfectly 
 Cr 2 Fig soluble in water. This compound unites 
 with more basic metallic fluorides forming 
 salts which are generally difficultly soluble. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 PerFLUORiDE OF CHROMIUM. Decomposed 
 Cr FI 3 by water, and alcohol. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 /Ses^ia'FLuoRiDE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTAS- 
 Cr 2 Fl 3 ;KFl siuM. Very difficultly soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SCS^UI'FLUORIDE OF CHROMIUM &OF SODIUM. 
 Very sparingly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) normal. Very difficultly soluble in water; 
 Co Fl + 2 Aq more readily soluble in water which 
 contains fluorhydric acid. When 
 treated with a small quantity of water it dissolves 
 without suffering decomposition, but when mixed 
 with much water, and when boiled with water, it 
 is decomposed to an insoluble basic salt while free 
 acid remains in solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 642:) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 2 (Co Fl, Co 0) + Aq 
 
 FLUORIDE OF COBALT & OF POTASSIUM. 
 Slightly soluble in water. '(Berzelius.) 
 
 DJ'FLUORIDE OF COPPER. Permanent. In- 
 
 Cu 2 Fl soluble in water or fluorhydric acid. In- 
 
 soluble in alcohol. Soluble in strong 
 
 chlorhydric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 
 the addition of water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Difficultly soluble in water. When 
 Cu Fl treated with a small quantity of water, it 
 dissolves without decomposition, though 
 slowly ; but if this solution be heated or diluted 
 with much water, a basic salt will be precipitated. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 Cu Fl ; Cu 
 
 ProtoFLUORiDE OF COPPER & OF POTASSIUM. 
 CuFl;KFl Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF COPPER & OF TITANIUM. Sol- 
 Cu Fl, Ti Fl s + Aq uble in water, with partial de- 
 composition. Easily soluble in 
 acidulated water. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ETHYL. Precipitated by water. 
 (Fluorhydric Ether.) (Reins'ch.) 
 C 4 H., Fl 
 
 FLUORIDE OF GLUCINUM. Easily soluble in 
 
 GI 2 Fig + x Aq water, even after it has been heated. 
 
 It forms double salts with the alka- 
 
 line fluorides. (Berzelius.) It may be somewhat 
 
 basic without ceasing to be soluble in water. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF GLUCINUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 G1 2 F1 3 , 3KF1 Difficultly soluble in water. (Aw- 
 dejew.) Much more freely soluble 
 in hot than in cold water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ProtoFLUORiDE OF IRON. Very difficultly sol- 
 FeFl + zAq uble in water ; more easily soluble 
 in water acidulated with fluorhy- 
 dric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Fe 2 Fl s Slowly, but completely, soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in ammonia-water. (Ber- 
 
 XFe 2 3 ,Fe 2 FI 3 zelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF IRON & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) prolo. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 K Fl, Fe Fl 
 
 II.) sesqui. 
 
 a = 8 K Fl, Fe 2 F1 8 Somewhat soluble in water, 
 especially in hot water. ( Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 6 = 2 K Fl, Fe 2 Fl s Somewhat soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 ASesymTLUORiDE OF IRON & biftuoride OF TI- 
 TANIUM. Soluble, with decomposition, in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Only very slightly soluble in water 
 Pb Fl or fluorhydric acid (Berzelius) ; more abun- 
 dantly soluble in chlorhydric and nitric 
 acids. (Gay-Lussac & Thenard.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Fre- 
 
 my-) 
 
 III.) basic. Much more abundantly soluble in 
 water than the normal salt. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF LEAD & TANTALUM. Difficultly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF LEAD & OF TITANIUM. -Easily 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF LEAD with NITRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF LITHIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Scarcely soluble in water, being 
 Li Fl almost as difficultly soluble as the carbonate. 
 (Berzelius.) Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Troost.) 
 
 II.) acid. Difficultly soluble in water, but more 
 LiFl, HFl soluble than the normal salt. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 Mg Fl ter. Nearly insoluble in acids. (Gay- 
 Lussac & Thenard.) Insoluble in water 
 or fluorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) Soluble in di- 
 lute nitric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of alcohol. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 
 443. Compare Ibid., p. 445.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF TITANIUM. 
 Easily soluble in water; when the solution is 
 allowed to evaporate spontaneously, crystals form 
 which cannot again be completely dissolved in 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 433.) Decomposed 
 by pure water. Soluble in acidulated water. 
 (Berzelius, cited by Gm.) 
 
 ProtoFLUORiDE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 
 Mn Fl acidulated water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 5esguz'FLUORiDE OF MANGANESE. Completely 
 Mn 2 F1 3 soluble in a small quantity of water ; but 
 when this solution is boiled, or diluted 
 with much water, an insoluble basic salt separates 
 while an acid salt is formed ; on cooling the hot 
 solution a portion of the former is redissolved if 
 acid be present. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerFLUORiDE OF MANGANESE. Soluble, with 
 Mn 2 Fl, decomposition, in water. (Wcehler.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MANGANESE & OF POTASSIUM. 
 Insoluble in water. Tolerably soluble in acids. 
 (Guy-Lussac & Thenard.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MANGANESE & OF SODIUM. 
 Difficultly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ATLUORIDE OF MERCURY. Insoluble in wa- 
 Hg 2 Fl ter. 
 
 OF MERCURY. 
 
FLUORIDES. 
 
 279 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, especially if some 
 Hg Fi acid be present. ( Gny-Lussac & The'- 
 nard.) With water it forms a soluble acid 
 and an insoluble basic salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) acid(hydrated). Decomposed by water. 
 Soluble in fluorhydric acid. (Fremy.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 HgFl;2HgS MERCURY. Decomposed by boiling 
 water to soluble fluoride of mercury 
 and insoluble sulphide of mercury. (H. Hose.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF METHYL. 1 vol. of water ab- 
 
 (HylrofluateofMethylene. gorbs 1.66 vols. of it. 
 Fluorhydrate of Methylene. (Dumas & PeligOt.) 
 Methylic Fluoride.) 
 C 2 H 3 Fl 
 
 FLUORIDE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 /VotoFLUORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Soluble 
 
 Mo Fl in water. After having been dried, it is no 
 longer completely soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 jBi'FLUORiDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Soluble in 
 Mo F1 2 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ^FLUORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Soluble in 
 Mo F1 3 water ; but if this solution be evaporated 
 to dryness, the residue dissolves but im- 
 perfectly in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM & OF POTAS- 
 MoFl;KFl siuM. Ppt. Soluble in acidulated 
 water. 
 
 Z&FLUORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM & OF POTAS- 
 KFl;MoFl 2 SIUM. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Less soluble than the ammonia 
 compound. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM & OF POTAS- 
 
 K Fl, Mo F1 3 ; K 0, Mo 3 + 2 Aq SIUM with MoLYB- 
 
 DATE OF POTASH. 
 
 Permanent. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) proto. Easily soluble in water. More solu- 
 ble than the potassium salt in water. 
 
 II. ) bi. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF NICKEL. Behaves like the co- 
 NiFl bait salt. Soluble in water acidulated with 
 fluorhydric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF NICKEL & OF POTASSIUM. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF PALLADIUM. Very slightly sol- 
 Pd Fl uble in water or in fluorhydric acid. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble, while yet moist, in ammonia- 
 water. After having become dry, it is no longer 
 soluble in ammonia-water, unless this is boiling. 
 Insoluble in a boiling aqueous solution of normal 
 or acid fluoride of sodium. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 964.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF PALLADIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 (FluoPalladite of Potassium.) Sparingly soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF PALLADIUM & OF SODIUM. Re- 
 sembles the potassium compound. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Decomposed, 
 PF1 s with solution, by water. 
 
 .BtFLuoRiDE OF PLATINUM. Entirely soluble 
 
 Pt Flj in water when this is not too strongly 
 
 heated ; if heated, a basic salt remains 
 
 undissolved. Soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 .BI'FLUORIDE OF PLATINUM & OF X. Vid. 
 FluoPlatinate of X. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Soluble in 
 K Fl, & + 4Aq water, with evolution of heat. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (Berze- 
 lius.) Very deliquescent and soluble in water. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 47. 31.) Alcohol 
 precipitates it from the concentrated aqueous solu- 
 tion ; but it is easily soluble in weak spirit pre- 
 pared by mixing 2 measures of 84% alcohol with 
 1 measure of water. Easily soluble in a concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of acetate of potash. 
 (Aug. Stromeyer, Ann. Ch. u. Phann., 10O. 83.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water. Very dif- 
 K Fl, H Fl ficultly soluble in water containing free 
 fluorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) With 
 alcohol it behaves like the normal salt. (Aug. 
 Stromeyer, loc. cit.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF TANTALUM. 
 Permanent, Easily soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF THORIUM. 
 KFl, ThFl Insoluble in water. Soluble in fluor- 
 hydric acid, with decomposition. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF TITANIUM. 
 K Fl, Ti F1 2 Readily soluble, without decompo- 
 sition, in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF TUNGSTEN 
 
 KFl, WFl 3 ;KO,W0 3 +2Aq with TUNGSTATE OF 
 
 POTASH. Difficultly 
 soluble in cold, more readily soluble in hot water. 
 It is not readily decomposed, by repeated solution, 
 in water, or fluorhydric acid, and evaporation. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF TUNGSTEN 
 with TUNGSTATE OF SODA. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF VANADIUM. 
 Readily soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF YTTRIUM. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF ZINC. Soluble 
 KFl,ZnFi in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF ZIRCONIUM. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 more abundantly soluble in 
 boiling water. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SELENIUM. Soluble in water, 
 SeFI 3 with decomposition to fluorhydric and 
 selenious acids. Soluble in fluorhydric 
 acid, without decomposition. (Knox.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SILICON. Absorbed in large 
 Si F1 8 quantity by water, but is decomposed there- 
 by. 1 vol. of water absorbs 265 vols. of it. 
 Alcohol absorbs more than its own weight of it ; 
 the solution finally solidifying to a jelly. The 
 alcoholic solution is decomposed by water, with 
 evolution of alcohol. (Kuhlmann.) Readily ab- 
 sorbed by ether. (Unverdorben.) Sparingly 'sol- 
 uble, without decomposition, in naphtha. (Berze- 
 lius.) Oil of turpentine also absorbs a consider- 
 able quantity of it. (T.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SILICON & OF X. Vid. Fluo- 
 Silicate of X. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 AgFl + 4Aq water. (Gay-Lussac & Thenard.) 
 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, and 
 in fluorhydric acid. (Fremy.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. 100 pts. of water dis- 
 Na Fl solve 4 pts. of it ; i. e. 1 pt. of the salt dis- 
 solves in 25 pts. of water ; and it is not in 
 the least more soluble in boiling than in cold 
 water, so that the hot saturated solution deposits 
 nothing on cooling. However, by boiling down 
 
 I.) 2KFl;2Zr 2 Fl s 
 II.) 3KFl;2Zr 2 Fl 3 
 
280 
 
 FLUOSILICATES. 
 
 the aqueous solution until a crust of the salt has 
 formed upon its surface, the liquid obtained is a 
 solution of 1 pt. of the salt in 23 pts. of water. 
 The salt, moreover, dissolves so slowly that it is 
 difficult to obtain a solution of it unless it be re- 
 duced to an extremely fine powder. Alcohol only 
 dissolves a trace of it. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 217.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15 dissolve 4 pts. of this salt ; 
 i. e. I pt. of it is soluble in 25 pts. of water at 15; 
 it is somewhat more soluble in hot water. (Fre- 
 my, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 47. 32.) Difficultly 
 soluble in a concentrated aqueous solution of ace- 
 tate of potash. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) bi. Rather difficultly soluble in cold, but 
 NaFJ.HFl much more easily soluble in boiling 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.} 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM & OP TANTALUM. Per- 
 manent. Easily soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM &OF TELLURIUM. Sol- 
 uble in small quantity in boiling water; decom- 
 posed by cold water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM & OF TITANIUM. Very 
 easily soluble in water, being more soluble than 
 the corresponding potassium compound. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM & OF TUNGSTEN. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM & OF TUNGSTEN with 
 TUNGSTATE OF SODA. More easHy soluble in 
 water than the corresponding potash compound. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM & bifluoride OF VANA- 
 DIUM. Readily soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SODIUM with PHOSPHATE OF 
 Na Fl ; 3 NaO, cP B + 24 Aq SODA. Soluble in 
 8.31 pts. of water at 
 25, and in 1.74 pts. at 70. (Briegleb.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF STRONTIUM. Very sparingly 
 Sr Fl soluble in water. Insoluble in fluorhydric 
 acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF SULPHUR. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF TANTALUM. Known only in 
 TaFl 2 solution, or combination with other fluo- 
 rides. 'The aqueous solution is not de- 
 composed by boiling, but is decomposed when 
 evaporated to dryness. (H.Rose.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF TELLURETHTL. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ^'FLUORIDE OF TELLURIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Decomposed by a 
 TeFl 2 large_ quantity of water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) basic. Decomposed by boiling water. 
 Te F1 2 ; Te 
 
 FLUORIDE OF THORIUM. Insoluble in water 
 Th Fl or fluorhydric acid, (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 /Vo/oFLUORIDE OF TlN. 
 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water. (Gay- 
 Sn Fl Lussac & The'nard . ) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 Sn Fl, H Fl 
 
 BZ'FLUORIDE OF TIN. Probably soluble in 
 Sn F1 2 water. Soluble in flnorhydric acid ; when 
 the solution is boiled it coagulates like 
 albumen. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF TITANIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. (Unverdorben.) 
 Ti F1 2 
 
 b = hydrated. Decomposed by water to a soluble 
 
 acid and an insoluble basic salt. (Berzeliua, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Titanfliiorhydric Acid.) 
 Ti F1 2 , H Fl 
 
 FLUORIDE OF TUNGSTEN. Decomposed by 
 W Fl water. Soluble in fluorhydric acid. 
 
 TerFLUORiDE OF URANIUM. 
 I.) basic. Easily soluble in water. With the 
 Ur 2 Fl s , 2 Ur 2 3 alkaline fluorides it forms salts 
 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 BI'FLUORIDE OF VANADIUM. Perfectly solu- 
 Va Fl, ble in water. Soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 Soluble, with combination, in aqueous so- 
 lutions of the alkaline fluorides. 
 
 TerFLUORiDE OF VANADIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 VaFl, ter. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF YTTRIUM. Insoluble in water 
 Y Fl or in fluorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ZINC. Very sparingly soluble 
 Zn Fl in water ; somewhat more freely soluble in 
 fluorhydric acid ; also in chlorhydric and 
 nitric acids. Easily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 With the alkaline fluorides it forms sparingly sol- 
 uble compounds. 
 
 FLUORIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. Easily soluble in 
 Zr 2 F1 3 water. When the solution of hydrate of 
 zirconia in fluorhydric acid is evaporated 
 at a gentle heat a crystallized salt is obtained, 
 which is decomposed when treated with water, an 
 insoluble basic salt separating out while a salt 
 with excess of acid dissolves ; and if this acid 
 solution be boiled, a portion of hydrate of zirconia 
 will be precipitated, and the solution become still 
 more acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 504.) Insolu- 
 ble in water. Unacted upon by acids. (Deville.) 
 
 FLUORBORATE OF X. Vid. FluoBorate of X. 
 
 FLUORINE. Not isolated. 
 Fl 
 
 FLUOSILICANILID. Vtd. FluoSilicate of 
 Anilin. 
 
 FLUoSiLicic ACID. Soluble in water. Many 
 ( Hydro Fluo silicic Acid.) of its salts are soluble in 
 H Fl, Si FI 3 + Aq water. 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF ALUMINUM. Easily soluble 
 in water. After the solution has been evaporated 
 to dryness the residue is slowly hut completely 
 redissolvcd by water. (Berzelius, Lelirb.) 
 
 FLUO SILICATE OF AMMONIUM. Easily solu- 
 N H 4 Fl, 2 Si Fl s ble in water. (Berzelius. ) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF ANILIN. Decomposed by 
 
 (FluoSiHcanilid.) water. Very sparingly sol- 
 
 C 4 8 Hag N 4 o g Si Fl u (?) uble in boiling, less soluble 
 
 in cold alcohol. Insoluble, 
 
 or very sparingly soluble, in ether. (Laurent & 
 Delbos, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22. 101.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF ANTiMONY(Sb O s ). Read- 
 SbFl s ;2SiF], ily soluble in water containing 
 x fluorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF BARIUM. Permanent. Very 
 
 (Fluoride, of Barium $ of Silicium.') sparingly soluble 
 
 Ba Fl, Si Fl s j n water, but more 
 
 freely in hot than 
 
 in cold. The presence of chlorhydric acid does 
 not increase its solubility to a noticeable extent. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3.357.) When recently pre- 
 cipitated it dissolves in 3802 pts. of water at ordi- 
 nary temperatures ; it is more readily soluble in 
 hot water. When a hot solution is cooled the 
 greater portion of the salt precipitates out, but 
 
FLUOSILICATES. 
 
 281 
 
 the cooled solution still contains somewhat more 
 of the salt than that prepared by digestion in the 
 cold ; thus, by experiment, it was observed that 1 
 pt. of the salt was soluble in 3392 pts. of water. 
 It is considerably more soluble, with more or less 
 decomposition, in presence of free chlorhydric 
 acid. Thus, by experiment, 1 pt. is soluble in 
 the cold in 733 pts. of water acidulated with 
 chlorhydric acid. 1 pt. is soluble at 12 in 640 
 pts. of water very feebly acidulated with chlorhy- 
 dric acid when the mixture is heated to boiling 
 before being cooled to this temperature. (Fre- 
 senius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 59. 120.) Al- 
 most insoluble in spirit. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 
 126.) Almost entirely insoluble in chlorhydric or 
 nitric acid. (H. Rose, 7V.) When fluosilicic acid 
 is added to a solution of chloride of barium it pro- 
 duces a precipitate after a time, even when in 
 presence of 3800 pts. of water. (Harting.) Soluble 
 in 428 pts. of a saturated cold solution of chloride of | 
 ammonium, and in 589 pts. of a more dilute solu- 
 tion obtained by mixing the saturated solution 
 with twice its vol. of water. (J. W. Mallet, Am. 
 J. Set., (2.) 28. 50.) 
 
 FLUO SILICATE OF CADMIUM. Effloresces in 
 Cd Fl, Si F1 3 + Aq warm air. Very easily soluble 
 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF CALCIUM. Sparingly sol- 
 Oa Fl, Si F1 3 + 2 Aq uble in water, being partially 
 decomposed thereby with for- 
 mation of fluorhydric acid. Soluble in fluorhy- 
 dric and in chlorhydric acids. 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF CHROMIUM. Efflorescent. 
 Soluble in water. (Berlin.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF COBALT. Easily soluble in 
 Co Fl, Si Fl s + 7 Aq water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 DiFLUoSiLiCATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in 
 Cu,Fi,SiFi, water. 
 
 ProtoFLUoSiLiCATE OF COPPER. Efflorescent. 
 Cu Fl, Si Fig + 7 Aq Easily soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF GLUCINUM. Readily solu- 
 Gj Fi s , Si PI, ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ProtoFLUoSiLiCATE OF IROK. Easily soluble 
 Fe Fl, Si Fig in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 -SesqwFLUoSiLicATE OF IRON. Soluble in 
 Fe, Fl s , 3 Si Fig wa ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I. ) Pb Fl. Si Fi s Very easily soluble in water. 
 (Berzelins.) 
 
 II.) basic ? Insoluble in water. Soluble in a 
 saturated aqueous solution of chloride of sodium. 
 (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 20. 1523.) 
 
 FLUO&ILICATE OF LITHIUM. Exceedingly 
 Li Fl, Si F1 3 difficultly soluble in water ; more 
 readily soluble in water which con- 
 tains an excess of acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF MAGNESIUM. Easily solu- 
 Mg Fl, Si Fig ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSlLICATE OF MANGANESE. Easily Solu- 
 
 Mn Fl, Si F1 3 + 7 Aq ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 Dt'FLuoSiLiCATE OF MERCURY. Sparingly 
 
 Hgj Fl, Si F1 3 soluble in water ; more freely soluble 
 
 in acidulated water, from which it is 
 
 precipitated on the addition of chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 ProtoFLUoSiLiCATE OF MERCURY. Decom- 
 Hg Fl, Si F1 3 posed by water to a soluble acid and 
 an insoluble basic salt ; completely 
 soluble in acidulated water. 
 
 ProtoFLUoSiLiCATE OF MOLYBDENUM. Ea- 
 (Molybdofluoride of Silicon.) sily soluble in fluorhy- 
 Mo Fl, Si FI 3 dric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 ZJiFLUOSlLICATE OF MOLYBDENUM. DeCOm- 
 
 Mo F1 2 , 2 Si F1 3 posed by water to a soluble acid 
 and an insoluble basic salt. Ea- 
 sily soluble, without decomposition, in acidulated 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerFLUoSiLicATE OF MOLYBDENUM. Mostly 
 Mo F1 3 , 3 Si F1 3 soluble in water, only a small 
 amount of basic matter being left 
 behind. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF NICKEL. Easily soluble in 
 NiFl, Si Fi s + 7 Aq water. (Bejpselius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF PLATINUM. Decomposed 
 Pt F1 2 , Si F1 3 by water to a soluble acid and an in- 
 soluble basic salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF POTASSIUM. Difficultly 
 KFl, SiFi s soluble in water, though somewhat 
 more easily in hot than in cold. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) Difficultly soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in dilute spirit. (Fresenius, Quant., -p. 
 286.) 100 pts. of boiling water dissolve 0.66 pt. 
 of it. (Ure's Diet.) Soluble in 790 pts. of cold, 
 and in 50 pts. of boiling water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Wittstein's Handw.) Unacted upon by 
 aqueous solutions of caustic or carbonated potash 
 at the ordinary temperature, but is dissolved, with 
 decomposition, on boiling therewith ; the solution 
 thus obtained soon gelatinizes from separation of 
 silicic acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Insoluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF SILVER. Deliquescent. 
 Ag Fl, Si FJ 3 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OP SODIUM. Difficultly solu- 
 Na Fl, Si F1 3 ble in water. Insoluble in dilute 
 spirit. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 286.) 
 More readily soluble in water than the potassium 
 salt, and much more soluble in hot than in cold 
 water. An excess of the acid does not increase 
 its solubility. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF STRONTIUM. Not com- 
 Sr Fl, Si F1 3 + x Aq pletely soluble in pure water, 
 a certain slight excess of acid 
 being required to prevent the formation of an in- 
 soluble basic salt. But the amount of the residue 
 insoluble in water is very trifling, and the solu- 
 bility of the salt is in remarkable contrast with the 
 insolubility of fluosilicate of barium. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 385.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF TIN. Very easily soluble 
 Sn F1 2 , Si Fi s jn water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF URANIUM. After having 
 Ur Fl, Si F1 3 become dry it dissolves very sparing- 
 ly in acid. It is but slightly changed 
 by boiling with a solution of potash. It is not 
 precipitated in presence of free fluorhydric acid. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE of biFluoride OP VANADIUM. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 FLUOSILICATE of terFluoride OF VANADIUM. 
 V FI 3 , 3 Si F1 3 Partially soluble in water. 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF YTTRIUM. Insoluble in 
 Y Fl, Si F1 3 water. Soluble in dilute chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF ZINC. Very easily soluble 
 Zn Fl, Si Fi s + 7 Aq i n water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FLUOSILICATE OF ZIRCONIUM. Very soluble 
 Zr, Fig, Si Fig in water. The aqueous solution 
 
282 
 
 FORMIATES. 
 
 becomes turbid on boiling, but most of the salt re- 
 mains dissolved. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FORMANIL. Vid. MethylAnilin. 
 
 FORMANILID. Vid. PhenylFormylamid. 
 
 FORMANILIN. Vid. MethylAnilin. 
 
 FORMEMYLANILIN. Vid. MethylAmylAnilin. 
 
 ORMENE. Vid. Hydride of Methyl. 
 
 '' Z&'FoRMENE "(of Lallemand). Vid. Propy- 
 lene. 
 
 FORMIC ACID. Miscible with water, alcohol, 
 
 C 2 H s 4 = C 2 H 3 , H and ether, in all propor- 
 
 tions. Soluble in glyce- 
 
 rin. (Berthelot.) ^A.11 of its salts are soluble in 
 water, and many ofihem are soluble in alcohol also. 
 
 FORMIATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Sparingly soluble 
 C 6 H g Ay Ou in water. (Arvidson, Richter.) De- 
 composed by hot water (Gcebel) 
 only when sulphate of potash is present. (Lie- 
 big.) Deliquescent. Easily soluble in water. 
 A solution of the pure salt may be heated to boil- 
 ing without suffering decomposition, but a solution 
 which contains sulphate of potash, or alum, be- 
 comes cloudy on boiling, from the separation of a 
 basic salt which redissolves as the liquid cools. 
 
 II.) terbasic. Soluble in water; but the solu- 
 tion is somewhat readily decomposed. (Ordway, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 204.) 
 
 FOHMIATE OP AMMONIA. Very deliquescent. 
 C 2 H (N H 4 ) O 4 Easily soluble in water. 
 
 FORMIATE OP AMMONIUMCHLOROPLATIN- 
 
 ( Gros's Formiate.) (ows)AMMONIUM. 
 
 FORMIATE OF AMYL. 
 
 I.) C 2 H (C 10 n u ) 4 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (H.Kopp.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Soluble 
 
 C 2 H Ba 4 in nearly 4 pts. of water at 15. (Geh- 
 
 len, in Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. 
 
 Phys., 1812, 4. pp. 40, 34.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 Insoluble in hot alcohol of 85%. (Scheerer.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF BARYTA & OF COPPER. 
 I.) C 2 H (Ba Cu) 4 + 4 Aq 
 
 II.) 2 (C 2 H Ba 4 ) ; C a H Cu 4 + 4 Aq 
 FORMIATE OF BARYTA & OF MANGANESE. 
 
 C, H (Ba Mn) 4 + 2 Aq 
 
 FORMIATE OP BARYTA & OP ZINC. 
 CjH (BaZn)0 4 + 2Aq 
 
 FORMIATE OF BISMUTH. Easily soluble in 
 C B H s Bi' 12 water. (Arvidson.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF BUTYL. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 
 (Formiate of Tetryl.) j ng ly soluble, in water. 
 
 FORMIATE OP CADMIUM. Very soluble in 
 C 2 HCd0 4 + 2Aq water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF CERIUM. Very sparingly solu- 
 2 C 2 H Ce 4 + Aq ble in water. (Beringer.) 
 
 FORMIATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) bibasic. 'Soluble in water. (Ordway, Am. 
 J. ScL, (2.) 26. 203.) 
 
 FORMIATE or CHLORAMYL. Vid. ChloroCar- 
 bonate of Amyl. 
 
 FORMIATE op CHLORETHYL. Vid. Chloro- 
 Carbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 FORMIATE OF fo'CHLORETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 ( i y r ? * mi ' Ether - water, in contact 
 
 BiChlvrovinic Formiate. -v 
 
 Wlttl 
 
 , 
 
 FormiatetfethylebiMort.) Wll w ic, how- 
 
 C 6 H 4 C1 2 O 4 = C 2 H (C 4 H 3 C1 2 ) 4 ever > ^ is very slowly 
 decomposed. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF CHLOROMETHYL. Vid. Chloro- 
 Carbonate of ChloroMethyl. 
 
 FORMIATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). Tol- 
 erably easily soluble in water. (Leers, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 82. 161.) 
 
 FORMIATE OP CINCHONIN. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF COBALT. Slightly soluble in 
 C 2 HCo0 4 water. More easily soluble in water 
 acidulated with formic acid. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Arvidson.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Effloresces in warm dry air. Sol- 
 C 2 H Cu0 4 + 4Aq uble in 8.42 pts. of water at 20. 
 At the temperature of boiling it 
 appears to be soluble in all proportions in water, 
 since the crystals melt in their own water when 
 heated. Soluble in 400 pts. of alcohol, of 86%, at 
 17.5. (Gehlen, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. 
 Phys., 1812, 4. pp. 28, 30.) Soluble in 7 pts. of 
 cold water. (Arvidson.) 
 
 II.) basic. Slightly soluble in water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF COPPER & OF STRONTIA. 
 I.) C 2 H (Cu Sr) 4 + 4 Aq 
 
 II.) C 2 HCu0 4 +4Aq; 2 (C 2 H Sr 4 + 2 Aq) 
 
 FORMIATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in 9 pts. of 
 (Formic Etker. water at 17.5. (Gehlen, 
 
 Ethyhc Formiate. Srhwrinnpr't /burn fur 
 
 Vinic Formiate.) bctiweigg&rs Journ. jur 
 
 C 8 H 8 4 = C 2 H(C 4 H B )0 4 Ch. u. Phys., 1812, 4. 
 22.) The aqueous solu- 
 tion soon decomposes. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 from which solution water precipitates it. (Bu- 
 cholz.) Miscible in all proportions with wood- 
 spirit, ether, and fixed or volatile oils. (Liebig.) 
 
 TWFoRMiATE OF ETHYL. Very sparingly sol- 
 3 C 4 H B 0, C 2 H 3 = C 14 H 16 6 uble in water. (Kay.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF ETHYLcWore. Vid. Formiate of 
 ChlorEthyl. 
 
 FORMIATE OF ETHYL perchlore. Vid, Chloro- 
 Formiate of /jerChlorEthyl. 
 
 FORMIATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) basic(almost terbasic). Soluble in water. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 207.) 
 
 FORMIATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 FORMIATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Deliques- 
 C 6 H s Fe 2 "' 12 cent. Easily soluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (Arvidson.) 
 
 The basic formiates of sesquioxide of iron which 
 contain six equivalents or less of the base may be 
 obtained dissolved in water; but those containing 
 more than six equivalents of base are insoluble 
 in water. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 202.) 
 Some of these solutions of basic salt are decom- 
 posed by boiling. 
 
 FORMIATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 36 40 pts. of cold 
 C 2 HPb0 4 water; more readily soluble in boiling 
 water. (Arvidson.) Formiate of lead 
 is almost insoluble in cold, but is soluble in hot 
 water. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. 
 295.) Nearly insoluble in alcohol. (Arvidson.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. 
 
 III.) tri. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 C 2 HPb0 4 , 2PbO 46.487.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF LEAD with NITRATE OF LEAD. 
 3 (C 2 H Pb 4 ) ; Pb 0, N 6 + 2 Aq Permanent. . Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in 
 cold water. (Lucius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm.,103. 115.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF LIME. Permanent. Effloresces 
 
FORMOBENZOYLATES. 
 
 283 
 
 C 2 H Ca O 4 + x Aq in warm air. Soluble in 8 pts. 
 of cold water (Arvidson); in 
 10 pts. of water at 19 (Goebel) ; much more sol- 
 uble in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 FORMIATE OF LITHIA. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 Cj HLi O 4 -f-2 Aq ble in water. Sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF MAGNESIA. Permanent. (Siier- 
 C 2 HMgO 4 sen.) Very difficultly soluble in wa- 
 ter, requiring 13 pts. of water to dis- 
 solve it at a moderate heat. Insoluble in spirit. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 451.) Soluble in 13 pts. 
 of cold water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Arvidson, 
 [Gm.].) 
 
 FORMIATE OF MANGANESE. Efflorescent. Sol- 
 C 2 H Mn 4 + 2 Aq uble in 15 pts. of cold water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Arvid- 
 son.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF MELAMIN. Very soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 FORMIATE OF C?Z'MERCUR(OMS)AMMONIUM with 
 
 N$ H ? OCHO-2H O " tn ^ XIDB OF MER- 
 ( 2 Hg 2 ' 3 > ' 82 CURY. Insoluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF MERCURY(Hg 2 ). Soluble in 
 C t H Hg 2 O 4 520 pts. of water at 17 ; much more 
 abundantly soluble in warm water, 
 but in this case incipient decomposition occurs, 
 and on boiling the decomposition is complete. 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether. (Gcebel.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF MERCURY(Hg). Easily soluble 
 C 2 H Hg 4 in water ; the solution undergoes de- 
 composition if it be slightly heated. 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Methylic formiate. Formic methyl ether. 
 Formiate of the oxide of methyl.') 
 C 4 H 4 4 - C 2 H (C 2 H 3 ) 4 
 
 FORMIATE OF METHYL perchlore'. Vid. Chloro- 
 Carbonate of ChloroMethyl. 
 
 FORMIATE OF MORPHINE. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF NICKEL. Difficultly soluble in 
 C 2 H Ni 4 + x Aq water. (Berzelius, Lehrb. ) 
 
 FORMIATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 C,HK0 4 water. 
 
 Permanent. Easily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 166.) 
 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 2 H K0 4 , C 3 H 2 O 4 -t-:r Aq ter, alcohol, and formic 
 acid The aqueous so- 
 lution is partially decomposed when evaporated 
 over the water-bath. (Bineau, Ann. Ch. et Pkys., 
 (3.) 19. 294, & (3.) 21. 186.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF QUININE. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF QUINOLEIN. Soluble in boiling 
 water, and alcohol. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF SILVER. Easily [difficultly 
 C 2 H Ag 4 ( Witts. Handw.)] soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 FORMIATE or SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Melts in its water of crystalliza- 
 C, H NaO 4 + 2 Aq tion when heated, and solidifies, 
 as this evaporates, to a dry mass, 
 which is deliquescent, according to Goebel, and is 
 soluble in 2 pts. of water, according to Afzelius. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 253.) 
 
 II.) acid. Extremely deliquescent. Very sol- 
 
 C 2 HNaO 4 , C 2 H 2 4 + zAq uble in water; but the so- 
 lution is decomposed by 
 
 evaporation, or when a large quantity of water 
 is added to it, to formic acid and the normal salt. 
 (Bineau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 21. 187.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF STANNETHYL. Tolerably solu- 
 ble in water. (Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF STIBETIIYLIUM. Difficultly 
 soluble in water; more easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 FORMIATE OF STIBMETHYLETHYLIUM. Very 
 
 r H t*h ! C 2 H s ^ o sparingly soluble in cold 
 
 C H ( st> I (C 4 II 5 ) 3 ; u * water, and in alcohol. Tol- 
 
 erably abundantly soluble 
 
 in boiling water. (Friedlasnder.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF STRONTIA. Permanent. Solu- 
 C 2 H Sr 4 + 2 Aq ble in water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF TELLURMETHYL. Easily solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 FORMIATE OF THORIA. Soluble in hot water. 
 C t H Th 4 Decomposed by cold water to an acid 
 solution and a basic salt. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 FORMIATE of protoxide OF TIN. Some samples 
 C 2 IISn0 4 are insoluble in water; others form a 
 gelatinous solution from which alcohol 
 precipitates a white powder. (Arvidson.) 
 
 FORMIATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 U 2 H Ur0 4 Soluble in an aqueous solution of for- 
 miate of soda ; but the solution is de- 
 composed on boiling. 
 
 FORMIATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. De- 
 liquescent. 
 
 FORMIATE OF VANADIUM(V O 2 ). Easily sol- 
 uble in water. The solution undergoes decom- 
 position after a time, unless free acid is present. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 FORMIATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Soluble in 
 CjHZn0 4 + 2Aq 24 pts. of water at 19. (Goe- 
 bel.) Less easily soluble in 
 water than acetate of zinc. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Marggraf, Arvidson.) Sol- 
 uble in 20 pts. of water at the ordinary tempera- 
 ture. (Arvidson & CEhra.) 
 
 FORMIC ACID with MANNITE. Tolerably sol- 
 C 12 H 14 12 , 2 C 2 H 4 O 4 + x Aq uble in alcohol of 
 
 90%. 
 
 FORMIC ETHEE. Vid. Formiate of Ethyl. 
 FORMICYLC&THENYLWAMIN. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 (FormyldiPhenylbiamin.') ter. Easily Soluble in 
 
 ?t H H\ alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (J-'IJ H 5)2 
 
 FORMOBENZOIC ACID. Vid. FormoBenzoylic 
 Acid. 
 
 FORMOBENZOYLIC ACID. Very easily soluble 
 (FormoBenzoic Acid. Mandelic Acid.) in water, and 
 C 16 H 8 6 = C 14 H 6 (C 2 H Oj) 3 , H in the smallest 
 
 quantities of 
 
 alcohol, and ether. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 and in concentrated sulphuric acid, the solution 
 undergoing decomposition when heated. (Winck- 
 ler.) 
 
 FORMOBENZOYLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 in almost all proportions in water, and alcohol. 
 (Winckler.) 
 
 FORMOBENZOYLATE OF BARYTA. Much leSS 
 
 C ia H 7 Ba O 8 soluble than the potash salt in wa- 
 ter. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Winckler.) 
 
 - N 5 
 
 W 2 \ 
 
284 
 
 FULMINATES. 
 
 FoBMoBENzoYLATE OF COPPER. Nearly in- 
 C to H 7 Cu O 6 soluble in water, and in alcohol. 
 (Winckler.) 
 
 FoRMoBENZOYLATE OF LEAD. Scarcely at 
 all soluble in water. (Winckler.) 
 
 FORMOBENZOYLATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 FORMOBENZOYLATE OF MERCURY(Hg O). 
 Ppt. 
 
 FORMOBENZOYLATE OF POTASH. Verj read- 
 ily soluble in water and in alcohol. (Winckler.) 
 
 FORMOBKNZOYLATE OF SILVER. Scarcely at 
 C 16 H 7 Ag 6 all soluble in cold, more soluble in 
 boiling water. 
 
 FoRMoMETHYLAL. Miscible with water in all 
 
 (Formal.) proportions. (Kane.) 1 volume of it 
 
 C e H 10 8 requires 1 .7 vols. of water for its solution. 
 
 (Malaguti.) Decomposed by a solution 
 
 of caustic potash. 
 
 FORMONAPHTALID. Vid. FormylNaphtyla- 
 mid. 
 
 FORMONETIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 C M H 23 15 concentrated boiling alcohol, less solu- 
 
 ble in cold alcohol. Almost insoluble 
 
 in ether. Easily soluble in solutions of the alkalies. 
 
 FORMOSAL. Vid. Lignone. 
 
 FoRMoViNAMYLAMiN. Vid. MethylEthyl- 
 Amylamin. 
 
 FORMOYLAMIN. 
 
 (Formiliak.) 
 
 FORMYLNAPHTYLAMID. Tolerably soluble in 
 (FormylNaphthalid.') boiling water. Very ea- 
 
 C 22 H 8 N O 2 = N | c 20 H 8 o sil y soluble in alcohol. 
 2 2 (Zinin.) 
 
 FRANGULIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 (BAajn?iozantAtn(impure).) 160 pts. of warm 80% al- 
 
 C H 6 8 cohol ; very sparingly sol- 
 
 uble in cold alcohol. 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble in cold, very sparingly sol- 
 uble in boiling ether ; less soluble than ctiryso- 
 phanic acid in ether. Soluble in boiling benzin, 
 oil of turpentine, and the fatty oils. Slowly sol- 
 uble in cold, readily soluble in warm ammonia- 
 water. Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which solution if is precipitated by 
 water. Soluble in boiling concentrated nitric acid, 
 separating out again, unchanged, as the solution 
 cools. Insoluble in cold concentrated nitric acid. 
 Soluble in solutions of the alkalies. (Casselmann, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 104. 80.) 
 
 FRAXiN(from the bark of Fraxinus excelsior). 
 (Fraxinin.) Soluble in 1000 pts. of cold water. 
 Easily soluble in hot water. Sparing- 
 ly soluble in cold alcohol, though more readily 
 soluble therein than in cold water, tolerably easily 
 soluble in hot alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Salm- 
 Horstmar, Pogg. Ann., 1OO. 607, cited in Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) Several previous observers have 
 confounded fraxinin with mannite, thus Stenhouse 
 (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 256) asserts that the 
 two are identical. 
 
 FUCTJSAMID. 
 N 2 j(C 10 H 4 2 ") 3 
 
 FUCUSIN. Only half as soluble in water as 
 (Tsomeric with F urfurin.) furfurin, and much less 
 ^'so HIJ Nj 8 soluble than the latter in 
 
 weak alcohol. 
 
 FUCUSOL. Soluble in 14 pts. of water at 13; 
 C 10 H 4 O 4 and in 12 pts. of concentrated ammonia- 
 water at 13.5. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 FULMINIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 C 4 II 2 N 2 4 
 
 FULMINATE OF ALUMINA. Easily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 FULMINATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Gladstone.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF AMMONIA & OF SILVER. Very 
 sparingly soluble in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 FULMINATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (E.Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF BARYTA & OF SILVER. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF BARYTA & OF ZINC. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (E. Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF CADMIUM & OF ZINC. Some- 
 what soluble in water. 
 
 FULMINATE OF CALCIUM & OF SILVER. Read- 
 ily soluble in cold water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF CALCIUM & OF ZINC. Deli- 
 quescent. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 FULMINATE OF CHROMIUM & OF ZINC. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water. 
 
 FULMINATE OF COBALT & OF ZINC. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, rather more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 FULMINATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. (Liebig & Gay- 
 Lussac.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. Solu- 
 ble in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF GOLD. Insoluble in water. 
 Au'" ) o Soluble in chlorhydric and in concen- 
 Cy 3 ) 8 trated sulphuric acids. Also in ammonia- 
 water. (E. Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF GOLD & OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) Soluble in ammonia- water, and in concen- 
 trated chlorhydric and sulphuric acids. 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water or chlorhydric acid. 
 Soluble in aqua-regia. (E.Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF LEAD & OF ZINC. 
 
 FULMINATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) subsalt. Insoluble in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF MAGNESIA & OF ZINC. Read- 
 ily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 FULMINATE OF MANGANESE & OF ZINC. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 FULMINATE OF MERCURY. Very sparingly 
 C 4 Hg 2 N 2 4 -f- Aq soluble in cold, more soluble in 
 boiling water. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. Abundantly soluble in a warm 
 aqueous solution of nitrate of protoxide of mer- 
 cury (Hg O, N O s ) acidulated with nitric acid. 
 (Schischkoff.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF MERCURY & OF SILVER. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF MERCURY with IODIDE OF 
 2 C 4 Hg 2 N 2 4 ; K I POTASSIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter or alcohol. (Schischkoff.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF NICKEL & OF ZINC. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (E. Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF PALLADIUM & OF ZINC.) In- 
 soluble in water. (E.Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF PLATINUM & OF ZINC. Solu- 
 ble in water. (E Davy.) 
 
FUMARATES. 
 
 285 
 
 FULMINATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (E. Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF POTASH & OF SILVER. Solu- 
 ble in 8 pts. of boiling water; less soluble in cold 
 water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (E. Davy.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 C 4 Ag 2 N 2 O 4 water. Soluble in 36 pts. of boiling 
 water ; from which it separates in 
 great part as the solution cools. (Gay-Lussac 
 & Liebig.) More soluble in ammonia- water, 
 without alteration. (Descotils.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in boiling, less solu- 
 ble in cold water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF SILVER & OF SODA. More 
 soluble than the silver salt in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF SILVER & OP STRONTIA. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF SILVER & OF ZINC. Soluble 
 in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 FULMINATE OF SODA & OP ZINC. Efflores- 
 cent. 
 FULMINATE OF STRONTIUM & OF ZINC. 
 
 FULMINATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in cold, sparingly solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. Very 
 soluble in ammonia-water. Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the alkalies. (E. Davy.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 FULMINURIC ACID. Vid. IsoCyanuric Acid. 
 
 FUMARAMID. Insoluble in cold, soluble in 
 
 c H N o -N J C 8 H 24" .boiling water. (Ha- 
 C g H 6 N 2 4 - N 2 ^ ^ gen _j insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. Slowly de- 
 composed by water. 
 
 FUMARAMID with pro<oxiDE OF MERCURY. In- 
 C a H 6 N 2 4 , 2 Hg soluble in water. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 FuMARic ACID. Permanent. Sparingly sol- 
 (Lichenic Acid. Boletic uble in water, requiring 
 Acid. ParaMMcAcid.) nearl 2QO pts of wftter 
 C, H 4 8 - C 8 H 2 6 , 2 1 3 a| . the ordinary tempera . 
 
 ture to dissolve it. 
 
 Soluble in 390 pts. of water at 10, and in much 
 less hot water (Winckler) ; in 210 pts. of water at 
 12 D (Lassaigne); in 216 pts. of water at 17 
 (Probst) ; in 160 pts. of water, and in 40 pts. of 
 ordinary alcohol (Riegel) ; in 180 pts. of water at 
 20, and in 45 pts. of alcohol at 20 (Braconnot, 
 Thomson's System); in 21 pts. of cold alcohol of 
 76%. (Probst.) Readily soluble in alcohol of 
 82%. (Winckler.) Very soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Easily soluble, without decomposition, in 
 boiling dilute nitric acid. Many of the fumarates 
 dissolve in water, but none of them are soluble in 
 strong alcohol. (Winckler.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I. ) normal. Very soluble in water ; the solution 
 undergoing decomposition when evaporated. Sol- 
 uble in 26 pts. of water at 20. (Thomson's 
 System.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 38 
 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 C,H 3 (NH 4 )0 8 alcohol. (Winckler.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF BARYTA. Efflorescent. Very 
 C 8 H a Ba, 8 slowly soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 dilute acids. (Rieckher.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF COBALT. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 8 H 2 Co 2 8 + 6 Aq ter and in ammonia-water. 
 Sparingly soluble in dilute 
 spirit. (Rieckher.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF COPPER. Slowly soluble in 
 C 8 H 2 Cu 2 8 + 6 Aq water, and alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in boiling fumaric acid. 
 (Rieckher.) Soluble in chlorhydric, and nitric 
 acids. (Winckler.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF CUPRAMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Rieckher.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF ETHYL. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 8 H 2 (C 4 H 5 ) 2 8 water. (Hagen.) 
 
 FUMARATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water. (Riegel.) 
 
 FUMARATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 Fe 2 O s , C 8 H 2 a in water, ammonia-water, or a so- 
 lution of fumarate of ammonia. 
 Soluble in acids. 
 
 FUMARATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Scarcely at all soluble in cold, 
 C 8 H 2 Pb 2 8 easily soluble in boiling water. 
 (Winckler.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Rieckher.) Easily soluble, with decomposition, 
 in nitric acid. Nearly insoluble in strong acetic 
 acid. (Winckler.) 
 
 II.) tri. 
 C 8 H 2 Pb 2 8 , Pb 
 
 III.) hexa. 
 C 8 H 2 Pb 2 O 8 , 4 Pb 
 
 FUMARATE OF LIME. Permanent. Scarcely 
 C 8 H 2 Ca 3 O g + 6 Aq at all soluble in water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Winckler.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 0.9 pt. of it. 
 (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 FUMARATE OP MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 2 Mg 2 8 + 8 Aq Insoluble in alcohol. (Rieck- 
 her.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF MANGANESE. Sparingly sol- 
 C 8 H 2 Mn 2 8 + 6 Aq uble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 FUMARATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 C 8 H 2 Hg 2 8 
 FUMARATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 FUMARATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in water, 
 Cg H 2 Ni 2 8 + 8 Aq spirit, and ammonia-water. 
 
 (Rieckher.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C 8 H 2 K 2 8 -f4Aq in alcohol. (Winckler.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in weak alcohol. 
 (Rieckher.) From its aqueous solution acetic 
 acid precipitates the acid salt. (Winckler.) 
 
 II.) acid. Much less soluble than the normal 
 Cg H 3 K 8 + 2 Aq salt in cold water. Easily sol- 
 uble in boiling water. Nearly 
 insoluble in cold, sparingly soluble in boiling 
 spirit of 81%. (Winckler.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF SILVER. Absolutely insoluble 
 C 8 H 2 Ag 2 8 in water. (Pelouze.) Soluble in 
 ammonia-water. Easily soluble in 
 nitric acid. (Winckler.) 
 FUMARATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 C 8 H 2 Naj O g + 2 Aq & +6 Aq cold water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Winck- 
 ler.) 
 
 FUMARATE OF STRONTIA. Very sparingly 
 C g H, Sr 2 O g -(- 6 Aq soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Rieckher.) 
 
286 
 
 GALLIC ACID. 
 
 FUMARATE OF ZINC. Readily soluble in water, 
 C 8 H 2 Zn, 8 + 6Aq&8 Aq Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Winckler.) The 8 Aq 
 salt is efflorescent. 
 
 FUMARIC ETHER. Vid. Maleate of Ethyl. 
 
 FUMARIMID. Very sparingly soluble in boiling 
 
 r H N . A . _ N f C 8 H 2 4 " water. Soluble in 
 C 8 H 8 N 4 + Aq _ N ^ H warm concentrat . 
 
 ed acids, whence 
 water precipitates it unaltered. 
 
 FuMARiN(fromFMman'a officinalis). Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Peschier.) 
 FUNGIC ACID. Vid. Malic Acid. 
 FURFURAMID. Insoluble in cold water. Very 
 ., c ,_ soluble in alco- 
 
 (Fownes.) Slowly 
 
 decomposed by boiling with water or alcohol. 
 Acids decompose it at once. Also decomposed 
 by alkalies. 
 FURFURIC ACID. Vid. PyroMucic Acid. 
 
 FURFURIN. Permanent. Soluble in about 
 
 Cgo H 12 N 2 6 137 pts. of boiling water ; it is almost 
 
 entirely deposited again as the solu- 
 
 tion cools. Very readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Fownes.) 
 
 FURFUROL. Readily soluble in cold water. 
 C 10 H 4 O 4 Soluble in 11 pts. of water at 13 (Sten- 
 house) ; 12 pts. at 15.6 (Fownes) ; and 
 in 9 pts. of concentrated ammonia-water at 13.5. 
 (Stenhouse.) Easily soluble in alcohol. (Sten- 
 house.) Soluble in cold methylamin, and ethyla- 
 min, without reaction. Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of water. Also soluble in concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid. (Fownes.) 
 
 FuRFUROL<SefemV. Vid. SelenioFurfol. 
 
 Vid. ThioFurfol. 
 FUSEL-OIL. Vid. Hydrate of Amyl. 
 FcsTiN(from Madura tinctoria). 
 
 G. 
 
 GADUIN. Soluble in alcohol, but by repeated 
 C 36 H 22 8 , H evaporation it passes into an insolu- 
 ble isomeric modification. (Jongh.) 
 G.SIDINIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 (G/zidinsceure.) soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 c sa Kg,, 4 (Caldwell & Goessmann, Ann. Ch. 
 
 u. Pharm., 99. 307.) 
 
 G^DINATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 C 32 H.29 Cu 4 Difficultly soluble in alcohol. (C. & 
 G., loc. cit.) 
 
 G.EDINATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C S2 H.J9 (C 4 H 6 ) 4 Somewhat difficultly soluble in 
 alcohol. (C. & G., loc. cit.) 
 
 G.EDINATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water, 
 C 82 Hjg Ag 4 alcohol, or ether. (C. & G., loc. cit.) 
 
 GJEDINATE OF SODA. Soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. (C. & G., loc. cit.) 
 
 GAIACIC ACID. Vid. Guaiacic Acid. 
 
 GALACTIN. Insoluble in water ; it neverthe- 
 less swells up in water. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Readily soluble in oil of turpentine, and 
 in olive-oil. (Th. Thomson, Rep. Br. Assoc.. 
 1838, p. 46.) 
 
 GALBANDM. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 GALLACTIC ACID. Exceedingly hygroscopic. 
 
 G t4 H 3 O 7 , 2 H Miscible in all proportions with 
 water, and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. (Bcedecker & Struckmann, Ann.* Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 100. 276.) 
 
 GALLACTATE OF AMMONIA. Exceedingly sol- 
 uble in water. Alcohol precipitates it from the 
 concentrated aqueous solution. (B. & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE OF BARYTA. Exceedingly sol- 
 uble in water. Alcohol precipitates it from the 
 concentrated aqueous solution. (B. & S., loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 GALLACTATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 GALLACTATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 2 Pb 0, C 14 H 3 7 + 3 Aq 
 
 GALLACTATE OF LIME. Very hygroscopic. 
 C 14 H 3 Ca.j 9 -(- 3 Aq Soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in spirit. (B. & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE OF MAGNESIA. Very easily sol- 
 uble in water. Alcohol precipitates the aqueous 
 solution. (B. & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. In- 
 soluble in water. Difficultly soluble in dilute 
 nitric acid. (B. & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. In- 
 2HgO, C 14 H 8 O, soluble in water. (B. & S., loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE OF POTASH. Exceedingly sol- 
 uble in water. Alcohol precipitates it from the 
 strong aqueous solution. (B. & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE OF SODA. Exceedingly soluble 
 in water. Alcohol precipitates it from the strong 
 aqueous solution. (B. & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 GALLACTATE OF ZINC. Easily soluble in wa- 
 ter ; alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous solu- 
 tion. (Boedeker & Struckmann, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 100. 276.) 
 
 GALLAMIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Gallaminsceure. Gallussceurea- much more soluble 
 mid Tannigenamic Acid.) ; n hot water Lesg 
 
 l^ji 7 IN Uo -]- O Aq ill. i 
 
 soluble in water acid- 
 ulated with chlorhydric acid than in pure water, 
 and much more soluble in the acidulated water 
 when hot than when cold. Decomposed by 
 solutions of caustic potash, and ammonia. Also 
 decomposed by concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 GALLIC ACID. Soluble in 100 pts. of cold, 
 ( Gattussceure.) and 3 pts. of 
 
 C u HS 10 + 2 Aq = C 14 H 8 7 , 3 H + 2 Aq boiling WE- 
 
 t er ( B ra- 
 
 connot) ; in 20 pts. of cold water, and 3 pts. of 
 water at 100. The cold saturated solution, there- 
 fore, contains 4.76% of it, and the boiling satu- 
 rated solution 25%. 100 pts. of water at 15.5 
 dissolves 8.3 pts. of it, and at 100, 66 pts. (Urc's 
 Diet. ) Soluble in cold water in about the propor- 
 tion of 4 grains to the ounce. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 378..) Soluble in 12 pts. of cold, and in 1.5 
 pts. of boiling water; the aqueous solution under- 
 goes decomposition when boiled. Soluble in 4 
 pts. of cold alcohol, of 0.83 ? sp. gr., and in 1 pt. 
 of the same alcohol when boiling. Soluble in 
 ether. (Scheele, cited in Thomson's System.) Sol- 
 uble in 96 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from . 
 (Esterr. Zeitschriftjur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatfs 
 Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 75.) Easily soluble in 
 alcohol ; less soluble in ether. 
 
 Its salts, excepting those of the alkalies, are 
 insoluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol ; 
 
GALLOTANNIC ACID. 
 
 287 
 
 they are sparingly soluble in ether ; and are de- 
 composed by acids and by alkaline solutions. 
 
 GALLATE OP ALUMINA. Insoluble, or very 
 sparingly soluble, in water. 
 
 GALLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water, less in cold than in 
 C u H 6 (N H 4 ) Dm + 2 Aq hot. Sparingly soluble in 
 absolute alcohol. 
 
 GALLATE OF ANTIMONY. Permanent. Insol- 
 C 14 H 3 Sb"' 0, + 2 Aq. u ble in water. 
 
 GALLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water. It is 
 C 14 H B Ba 10 + 3 Aq less readily soluble after hav- 
 ing been heated to 100. In- 
 soluble in cold alcohol. (Buechner.) 
 
 GALLATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water. 
 
 GALLATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 GALLATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) Co 0, 3 C 14 H 3 Co s 10 -f- 11 Aq Permanent. 
 
 II.) C 14 H 4 Co 2 10 -f 6 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 
 GALLATE of protoxide OF IRON. More soluble 
 in water than gallotannate of iron. Abundantly 
 soluble in acetic acid. Very easily soluble in am- 
 monia-water and in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 and carbonated potash. Also soluble in gallic 
 acid. (Wittstein.) 
 
 GALLATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 GALLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water. When recently 
 C 14 H 4 Pb 2 10 + 2 Aq precipitated, it is readily solu- 
 ble in warm strong acetic 
 acid. 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium. (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 20. 
 1523.) 
 
 II.) tetra. Ppt. 
 C 14 H 3 Pb 3 10 , Pb 
 
 GALLATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water, more dif- 
 C, 4 H B Ca 10 + 3 Aq ficultly after it has been dried 
 at 100. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Buechner.) 
 
 GALLATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 GA&LATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal, or tri. Soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C 14 H 3 Mg 3 O 10 + 6 Aq in alcohol. (Buechner.) 
 
 II.) di. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 C 14 II 4 Mg 2 10 
 
 III. ) C 14 H 3 Mg 3 10 j 2 C 14 H 4 Mg 2 10 + 14 Aq I n- 
 
 sol- 
 
 uble in gallic acid ; soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Buechner.) 
 
 IV.) 2 <C M H 3 Mg 3 10 ) 5 C 14 H 4 Mg 2 10 + 16 Aq 
 
 GALLATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) C 14 H 3 Mn 3 O to ; 2 C 14 H 4 Mi^ O lo -f 11 Aq 
 
 GALLATE OF MERCUR(OUS)AMMONIUM. Insol- 
 uble in water. 
 GALLATE OF MERCUR(ZC)AMMONIUM. 
 
 GALLATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Soluble 
 2 C 14 H 3 Hg 6 10 ; C 14 H 5 Hg 2 10 + 7 Aq in strong ni- 
 
 tric acid. 
 (Harff.) 
 
 GALLATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Soluble 
 2 C 14 H 3 Hg, 10 5 C 14 H 4 Hg 2 10 + 12 Aq in nitric and 
 
 in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Harff.) 
 
 GALLATE OF MOLYBDENUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 GALLATE OF NICKEL. 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 2 C 14 H 3 Ni 3 10 ; C 14 H 4 Ni 2 10 + 16 Aq 
 
 GALLATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) peracid. Readily soluble in water. Very 
 2 C 14 H 5 K 10 ; C 14 Hg 10 + 2 Aq sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Buech- 
 ner.) 
 
 GALLATE OF QUININE. Almost insoluble in 
 cold, soluble in boiling water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and in dilute acids. 
 
 GALLATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) acid. Permanent. Easily soluble in water. 
 C l4 H s Na0 1() +6Aq 
 
 GALLATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 GALLATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water; less easily soluble 
 
 C 14 H B Sr O 10 + 4 Aq after having been heated to 
 
 100. More readily soluble in 
 
 water than the baryta salt. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Buechner.) 
 
 GALLATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 I.) Insoluble in water. Soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Buechner.) 
 C 14 H 4 Sn 2 Ojo ; Sn 
 
 GALLATE OF URANIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 
 GALLATE OF UREA. Decomposed by water, 
 
 c u H s ( C 2 H 4 N 2 z) 10 + Aq unless an excess of 
 
 urea be present, in 
 
 which case it can be recrystallized. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 GALLATE OF VANADIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 
 GALLATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 C 14 H s Zn s 10 ; Zn + Aq 
 
 GALLATE OF ZIRCONIA. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in a solution of gallic acid. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 GALLHDMINIC ACID. Vid. GallUlmic Acid. 
 
 GALLOLACTICACID. Vid GalLactic Acid. 
 
 GALLOTANNIC ACID. Readily soluble in wa- 
 (Tannic Acid. Tannin of Nut t er. Soluble in alco- 
 Galls. GaUespfelsaure.) u_i _. j _j.v.-_ TJ.. j 
 
 run -an own nol, ana ether. Kead- 
 
 ^54 "22 "84 '-'B* "20 "S2) ^ " U ., , , , 
 
 ily soluble in water, 
 
 glycerin, alcohol, and absolute ether. Soluble in 
 fixed and volatile oils. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 377.) 
 Insoluble in fatty and essential oils. 
 
 The concentrated ethereal solution forms asyrup, 
 which contains from 46 to 56% of the acid ; it is 
 insoluble in ether, and consequently will not mix 
 with a fresh portion of ether. (Mohr.) Soluble 
 to a considerable extent in ether, from which solu- 
 tion it is in great measure precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of water, in which, however, it subsequently 
 dissolves. (Strecker.) Only sparingly soluble in 
 water acidulated with sulphuric acid. (Gerhardt.) 
 Insoluble in caoutchin. (Himly.) Soluble in 
 cold concentrated sulphuric acid. Decomposed 
 by boiling with dilute sulphuric acid. (Strecker.) 
 Sulphuric, phosphoric, arsenic, bdracic, and espe- 
 cially chlorhydric acids, precipitate it from the 
 aqueous solution. Sulphurous, selenious, acetic, 
 citric, malic, and succinic acids do not thus pre- 
 cipitate it, nor do oxalic or tartaric acids, except- 
 ing from a very concentrated solution. ( Wackcn- 
 roder. ) This precipitation depends upon the fact 
 that with the acids first named it forms compounds 
 which are less soluble than itself in water. 
 (Strecker.) 
 
288 
 
 GELATIN. 
 
 It was formerly thought that the ether with which galls 
 are extracted should not be anhydrous, ordinary "washed 
 ether " being preferred, and that the heavy layer which 
 separates, beneath the ether, in the bottle below the dis- 
 placement tube was an aqueous solution of the acid ; but 
 Mohr, Sandrock, and others now assert that this syrupy 
 liquor is a concentrated solution of tannin in ether, which 
 is not miscible with ether, except by the intervention of a 
 Hi tie alcohol ; they therefore reject the aqueous ether, which 
 tends to swell up the powdered galls and to retard percola- 
 tion, and recommend a mixture of alcohol of 90 per cent, 
 and ether (1 pt. alcohol to 20 pts. ether, Guibourt). (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 376.) 
 
 The alkaline gallotannates are soluble in water. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF AMMONIA. Readily solu- 
 54 H 2t (N H 4 ) M ble in water. Insoluble in strong 
 alcohol. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF ANILIN. Ppt. Soluble 
 
 in boiling water, and in alcohol. (Hofmann, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 147.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF ANTIMONY. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) Almost insoluble in cold, sparingly soluble 
 CM H 2o Ba 2 634 in boiling water. 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble in 
 C M H in Cd s 034 water or alcohol. ( Schiff.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF CAFFEIN. Soluble in hot 
 water, from which it separates on cooling. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Mulder.) Insoluble in cold, sol- 
 uble in warm water. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 11. 137.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF CINCHONIN. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water at the ordinary temperature, 
 more soluble in boiling water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF COPPER. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF EMETIN. Soluble in solu- 
 tions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF GELATIN. Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, or ether. Soluble in warm potash- 
 lye. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Only 
 traces of it are dissolved by water ; scarcely more 
 soluble in acetic acid. Easily soluble in citric, 
 tartaric, oxalic, chlorhydric, and gallotannic acids. 
 Completely decomposed by aqueous solutions of 
 caustic and carbonated potash, but only incomplete- 
 ly decomposed by ammonia-water. (Wittstein.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) C M H 10 81 , 3PbO Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) C M H i SD 6 Pb Insoluble in water. 
 
 III.) C M H 19 S1 , lOPbO Insoluble in water. 
 Many other gallotan- 
 nates of lead have been described, but they were 
 doubtless mixtures of those given above. The 
 compounds analyzed by Berzelius and Pelouze 
 are the same as No. I. ; they were, however, dried 
 at a lower temperature than this. (Strecker, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 349.) " Tannate of 
 lead" is soluble in 1440 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in pure water. 
 
 II.) basic. Almost insoluble in water. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) basic. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE of dlnoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Soluble, with subsequent decomposition, in a so- 
 lution of nitrate of dinoxide of mercury. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of nitrate of pro- 
 toxide of mercury. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF MORPHINE. Soluble in 
 acetic acid. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 C M H 2o K 2 34 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF QUININE. Soluble in 480 
 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeit- 
 schrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbe- 
 richt, fiir 1854, p. 75.) Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Only sparingly soluble in neutral liquids. Sol- 
 uble in acids, and acidulated solutions. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 403.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF QUINOLEIN. Soluble in 
 boiling water, and in alcohol. 
 GALLOTANNATE OF SILVER. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF SODA. Easily soluble in 
 C M H 2o Na 2 34 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF SOLANIN. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, very soluble in boiling water. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF STRYCHNINE. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble in water. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 409.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF THEOBROMIN. Soluble in 
 boiling water, in alcohol, and in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of gallotannic acid. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE of protoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF tefraViNYLiuM. Insoluble 
 in water or alcohol. (Heintz & Wislicenus.) 
 
 GALLOTANNATE OF ZINC. 
 
 GALLULMIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 ( GailHuminic Add. s i\y soluble in aqueous solu- 
 MetaGallic Acid.) tiong of caust j c po tash, soda, 
 
 U-i* fit Ui * . 
 
 and ammonia. 
 GALLULMATE OF POTASH. 
 
 GALLULMATE OF SILVER. 
 C 12 H 3 Ag 4 
 
 GAMBOGE (concrete juice of a tree). Forms an 
 
 (GummiGutta. emulsion with water. Soluble in 
 
 GommeOutte.) alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ben- 
 
 zin. Soluble in solutions of the 
 
 caustic alkalies. [See also under RESINS.] 
 
 Somewhat soluble in benzin. (Mansfield, J. 
 Ch. Soc., 1.261.) 
 
 GARDENIN. Nearly insoluble in water. Tol- 
 erably readily soluble in alcohol ; much less read- 
 ily soluble in ether. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which solution it is precipitated 
 unchanged on the addition of water. Sparingly 
 soluble in hot chlorhydric acid. (Stenhouse, J. 
 Ch. Soc., 9. 239.) 
 
 GAULTHERIC ACID. Vid. MethylSalicylic 
 Acid. 
 
 GAULTHERIC ACID binitre'. Vid. Methyl bi- 
 Nitro Salicylic Acid. 
 
 GAULTHERYLENE. Insoluble .in water. (Ca- 
 (Gaultherilene.) hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 
 C M H 18 358.) 
 
 GEiN(from Geum urbanum). 
 
 GELATIN. Permanent. It swells up in cold 
 C 12 Hj N 2 4 water, but does not dissolve therein. 
 Soluble in warm water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. Soluble in acetic acid. Decomposed 
 by boiling with alkaline solutions. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 
GLUCINATE OF POTASH. 
 
 289 
 
 acid; also soluble, with partial decomposition, 
 in nitric acid. 
 
 Soluble in cold concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Slowly and partially dissolved by solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. (Caventou, Ann. Ck. et P/u/s., 
 (3.) 8. 329.) 
 
 GENTIANIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble in 
 ( Gentisic Acid. 3630 pts. of water at 16; more 
 Gentumin.) so | u ble in ether. Readily soluble 
 18 10 10 in boiling alcohol Readily soluble 
 in solutions of the alkalies. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. Unacted upon by chlorhy- 
 dric, acetic, or weak sulphuric acids. The gen- 
 tianin of Henry & Caventou, which, according to 
 H. Trommsdorff, was impure, was very slightly 
 soluble in cold, but somewhat more soluble in 
 boiling water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 More soluble in dilute alkalies than in water. Sol- 
 uble to a considerable extent in acids. Tromms- 
 dorff's gentianin is insoluble in cold, and very 
 slightly soluble in boiling water; more soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. Several of the acids increase 
 its solubility in water, but only to a slight extent. 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkalies 
 and alkaline carbonates. (Tromrnsdorff, Ann. 
 der Pharm, 1837, 21. 136.) Soluble in 500 pts. 
 of cold, and in 100 pts of boiling alcohol. Only 
 sparingly soluble in cold ether. (Wittstein's 
 Handw. ) 
 
 GENTIANATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 C 18 H 8 Ba, 10 + 2 Aq 
 
 GENTIANATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 Cgj H 8 Pbj O 10 ; 2 Pb 0, H 
 
 GENTIANATE OF POTASH. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 GENTIANATE OP SODA. Efflorescent. More sol- 
 uble than gentianic acid in water. 
 
 GENTIANIN. Vid. Gentianic Acid. 
 
 GENTISIN. Deliquescent. Very easily soluble 
 
 ( Gentian bitter. Gentianin in water. Sparingly Sol- 
 
 (of Caventou & Henry).)- u ble in absolute alcohol, 
 
 more readily soluble in 
 
 spirit. (Dulk.) 
 
 GEOFFROTIN. Vid. Surinamin. 
 
 GERANiiN(from the roots of various species of 
 Geranium). Very hygroscopic. Easily soluble 
 in water, and ordinary alcohol. Insoluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol, and in ether. (Mueller.) 
 
 GERHARDT'S BASES. Vid. Oxide of Platin(i'c)- 
 N H, Pt 2 & N, H 6 Pt 0, am in. 
 
 GITHAGIN. Vid. Saponin. 
 
 GLAIRIN. Sparingly soluble in cold water, 
 
 (Baregin. Zoogene. alcohol, oil of turpentine, weak 
 
 Luchonin.) acids, or alkaline solutions ; 
 
 more soluble in these liquids 
 
 when they are hot. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 GLAUBER'S SALT. Vid. Sulphate of Soda. 
 
 GLAUCiN(from Glaucium luleum). Tolerably 
 easily soluble in water, especially when this is 
 hot ; less soluble in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of soda. Very easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Probst.) 
 
 GLAUCOMELANIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 CM H 6 M = C M H 4 0, 2 , 2 H 
 
 GLAUCOMELANATE OF POTASH. Sparingly 
 C M H 4 K 2 O 14 soluble in cold, more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. (Wcehler & Merklein.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol. Soluble in hot, strong pot- 
 ash-lye. 
 
 GLAUCOMELANATE OF SODA. 
 37 
 
 GLAUcoPiCRiN(from the root of Glaucium lu- 
 teum). Permanent. Soluble in water, especially 
 if it be warm. Also soluble in alcohol, less solu- 
 ble in ether. (Probst.) 
 
 GLIADIN. Soluble in hot spirit, and in glacial 
 acetic acid. (Taddei.) 
 
 GLOBULIN. Occurs naturally in the soluble 
 (Crystallin.) state, but becomes insoluble on being 
 boiled. After having been dried at 
 50, soluble globulin swells like albumen in water, 
 and gradually dissolves, forming a viscid solu- 
 tion. Strong alcohol precipitates the aqueous 
 solution ; the precipitate formed being insoluble 
 in water, but partially soluble in boiling alcohol ; 
 on cooling it separates again from this solution. 
 The aqueous solution is coagulated, on the addi- 
 tion of ether. When dried, the soluble modifica- 
 tion may be heated to 100 without passing into 
 the insoluble stare. The aqueous solution does 
 not become opalescent at a lower temperature 
 than 73 ; at 83 it becomes milky, and at 93 
 coagulates, but this precipitate cannot be removed 
 by filtration, unless the liquid containing it be first 
 boiled with neutral alkaline salts. An aqueous 
 solution of globulin is not precipitated by acetic 
 acid or by ammonia, but it becomes turbid when 
 both of these reagents are added successively. On 
 the addition of a little dilute acetic acid, the so- 
 lution of globulin becomes opalescent, and when 
 heated to 50 a milky coagulum separates ; the 
 fluid rendered turbid by a little acetic acid, be- 
 comes clearer when more of the acid is added, 
 but always remains opalescent ; this fluid does not 
 coagulate till heated to 98 ; it is only when a very 
 great excess of acetic acid has been added that 
 the globulin ceases to be coagulable by heat. 
 Towards mineral acids and metallic salts it be- 
 haves like albumen. It is coagulated by creosote. 
 (Lehmann.) 
 
 GLONOIN. Vid. NitroGlycerin. 
 
 GLTJCIC ACID. Permanent. (Mulder.) Very 
 (KalisacctiaricAcid.) hygroscopic. (Peligot.) Easily 
 C 24 H 18 18 soluble in water. (Mulder.) Sol- 
 
 uble in water in all proportions. 
 (Peligot.) The aqueous solution undergoes de- 
 composition after long-continued boiling, and es- 
 pecially if chlorhydric or sulphuric acid be present. 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. (Mulder.) The acid 
 and normal glucates are all soluble in water, ex- 
 cepting the lead salt. (Peligot.) 
 
 GLUCATE OF BARYTA. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. 
 
 GLUCATE OF COPPER. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. 
 
 GLUCATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 GLUCATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Peligot.) 
 C 24 U 15 Pb 3 18 ; 3PbO + Aq 
 
 GLUCATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. Spar- 
 024 H :5 Ca s 18 4- Aq ingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Mulder.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. (Mulder.) 
 
 GLUCATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 GLUCATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 GLUCINA. Vid. Oxide of Glucinum. 
 
 GLUCIMC ACID. Vid. Oxide of Glucinum 
 Q1 2 3 (No. II. = hydrated.) 
 
 GLUCINATE OF POTASH. Soluble in aqueous 
 
290 
 
 GLUCOSE. 
 
 solutions of caustic potash; when the potash is 
 dilute, the compound is decomposed on boiling, 
 but if the potash be concentrated, the solution may 
 be boiled or evaporated without decomposing, and 
 when cold it may be diluted freely with water. 
 [Compare Oxide of Glucinum (II.) hydrated.] 
 (H. Rose, 7V.) 
 
 GLUCINUM. Unacted upon by boiling water, 
 Gl or by cold concentrated nitric acid ; diffi- 
 cultly attacked by hot concentrated nitric 
 acid. Easily soluble in dilute chlorhydric or sul- 
 phuric acids, but only slightly attacked by dilute 
 nitric acid. Soluble, even at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, in a concentrated solution of caustic 
 potash, but not in ammonia-water. (Debray.) 
 
 GLUCOSE. Soluble in 1.333 pt. of cold water, 
 (Grape Sugar. Diabetic Sugar.) and in all propor- 
 C 12 H 12 1S & -J- Aq & 2 Aq tions in boiling wa- 
 
 ter. 
 
 Its solution in water is attended with a consid- 
 erable diminution of temperature. (Pohl, Wien. 
 Akad. Bericht, 6. 598.) 
 
 Are required Or, in other words, 
 To dissolve 1 pt. of pts. of water 100 pts. of water at 
 
 at 15. 16 dissolve pts. 
 
 Anhydrous Glucose 
 (prepared from 
 
 starch by 80s) . . 1.224 . . . 81.68 
 Monohydrated 
 
 Glucose 1.119 89.36 
 
 Bihydrated 
 
 Glucose .... 1.022 . . . 97.85 
 When treated with water, glucose dissolves rather 
 rapidly at first, but more slowly as the water be- 
 comes charged with it, and only after the lapse of 
 several days, during which time the mixture is 
 repeatedly agitated, does it become completely 
 saturated. The sp. gr. of a solution saturated at 
 15 is 1.206, and the solution contains 44.96% of 
 glucose. The slowness with which the last por- 
 tions dissolve will be seen from the following ex- 
 perimental results. An excess of pulverized glu- 
 cose agitated with water at the ordinary tempera- 
 ture afforded a solution the sp. gr. of which 
 increased as follows : 
 
 After 36 hours the sp. gr. was 1.201 
 " 50 " " 1.202 
 
 " 74 " " 1.205 
 
 " 98 " 1.206 
 
 after which no increase occurred. (C. F. Anthon, 
 Dingkr's polyt. J., 1859, 151. 214.) 
 
 Chemically pure grape-sugar in hard crystals, 
 and dried so that it held but 0.2% of water, having 
 been finely powdered, was added by small weighed 
 portions to various samples of alcohol of different 
 strengths at 17.5 C., until the last portion added 
 no longer dissolved, even after persistent agitation 
 of the carefully stopped bottle. 
 At 17.6 100 pts. of the 
 
 solution prepared with Contained pts. of the 
 
 spirit of sp. gr. grape-sugar. 
 
 0837 1.95 
 
 0.880 9.30 
 
 0.910 17.74 
 
 9.950 36.45 
 
 Consequently, 1 pt. of grape-sugar requires for its 
 solution, 
 
 50.2 pts. of alcohol of 0.837 sp. gr. 
 
 0.880 " 
 
 4.6 " o.910 " 
 
 1-7 " " 0.950 
 
 Although in preparing these solutions at 17.5 by 
 
 agjtation, care was taken that they should not be 
 
 warmed by the hand, they nevertheless deposited 
 
 crystals of grape-sugar after standing for sev- 
 eral hours, the quantity of the crystalline deposit 
 being so much the greater in proportion as the 
 sp. gr. of the alcohol employed was greater, 
 i. e. in proportion as the alcohol was more dilute. 
 After these crystals had ceased to form, the 
 amount of grape-sugar remaining in solution was 
 determined by evaporation in each case : 
 
 In the spirit There was contained 
 
 of sp. gr. per cent of grape-sugar. 
 
 0.837 1.94 
 
 0.880 8.10 
 
 0.910 16.00 
 
 0.950 32.50 
 
 The cause of this phenomenon is not apparent. 
 That it does not depend upon any evolution of 
 heat on dissolving the sugar in dilute alcohol is 
 proved by the fact that on agitating finely pow- 
 dered grape-sugar with an equal quantity of alco- 
 hol of 0.950 sp. gr. there was not only no increase 
 of temperature, but a decided diminution thereof, 
 the thermometer having fallen 5 (from 15 to 10). 
 The numbers of the table last given should be 
 regarded as expressing the real solubility of grape- 
 sugar in alcohol ; hence 
 1 pt. of grape-sugar (nearly anhy- 
 drous) is soluble at 17.5 in pts. of alcohol of sp. gr. 
 
 50.54 0.837 
 
 11.34 0.880 
 
 5.25 0.910 
 
 2.07 0.950 
 
 If one calculates from the foregoing the quantities 
 of grape-sugar which are dissolved in the water 
 contained in the spirit employed, it appears that 
 
 100 pts. of water hi Have dissolved pts. of 
 
 the spirit of sp. gr. grape-sugar. 
 
 0.837 12.37 
 
 0.880 25.92 
 
 0.910 40.52 
 
 0.950 72.95 
 
 But 100 pts. of pure water dissolve 81.68 pts. of 
 andydrous grape-sugar at 17.5. Whence it ap- 
 pears that the solubility of the sugar in spirit does 
 not stand in proportion to the amount of water 
 which this contains, and that a determined quan- 
 tity of water is capable of dissolving so much the 
 less sugar in proportion as it is contained in 
 stronger spirit. Besides the above experiments at 
 17.5, others were made at the temperature of boil- 
 ing, from which it appeared that 
 
 100 pts. of boiling Dissolve pts. of 
 
 alcohol, of sp. gr. grape-sugar. 
 
 0.837 21.7 
 
 0.880 136.7 
 
 Or, 1 pt. of grape-sugar is soluble, 
 In pts. of boiling Of sp. gr. 
 
 alcohol 
 
 4.60 0.837 
 
 0.73 0.880 
 
 These boiling solutions deposit a quantity of the 
 sugar on cooling, but even after the lapse of 7 
 days the cooled solutions still contain more of it 
 than solutions which have been saturated at the 
 ordinary temperature. 
 
 Thus, Contained, after standing for 
 
 100 pts. of the solution, 6 days at the ordinary tem- 
 
 in spirit of pp. gr. perature, pts. of grape-sugar. 
 
 0.837 2.9 
 
 0.880 12.4 
 
 These numbers all refer to anhydrous, or nearly 
 anhydrous, grape-sugar ; the hydrated salt would 
 of course be somewhat more readily soluble. (C. 
 F. Anthon, Dingier' s polyt. J., 1860, 155. 386.) 
 
 Only half as soluble as cane-sugar in water, but 
 more soluble than milk-sugar. Only slightly solu- 
 ble in alcohol, being less soluble therein than cane- 
 
GLYCEROPHOSPHORIC ACID. 
 
 291 
 
 sugar. Soluble in 8 pts. of alcohol, of 85% at 25, 
 and in 20 pts. of absolute alcohol. Soluble in 
 wood-spirit. Insoluble in ether. Only slightly 
 acted upon by dilute acids. Decomposed by 
 strong nitric acid. Soluble, with combination, in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. Easily decomposed 
 by alkaline solutions. 
 
 GLUCOSATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) iz HH Ba O ia Readily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) 2 C 12 H u Ba Ojj, Ba +6 Aq? Insoluble in 
 
 wood-spirit. 
 
 GLUCOSATE OF CHLORIDE OP SODIUM. Vid. 
 Chloride of Sodium with Glucose. 
 
 GLUCOSATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C, 2 H 12 12) 3 Pb + Aq 
 
 GLUCOSATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, from 
 C n H 12 12 , 2 Ca which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of alcohol. 
 
 GLUCOSATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 0,2 H 12 12 , 2 K uble in water; less soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 GLUE. Permanent. Swells up in cold water. 
 Soluble in hot water, and in dilute spirit, also in 
 acetic acid, and dilute mineral acids. Insoluble 
 in alcohol, coal-oils, &c. 
 
 GLUTEN. Insoluble in cold, and only very 
 slightly soluble in hot water. Decomposed by 
 long-continued contact with water. Readily sol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol, from which it is precipi- 
 tated by water. [Soluble in concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid. (J. Lehmann.)] When digested for 
 twelve hours at the ordinary temperature with 
 water very slightly acidulated with chlorhydric 
 acid, freshly prepared gluten loses its coherence, 
 and forms a limpid solution, which coagulates 
 when heated, and is precipitated [with subsequent 
 re-solution] on the addition of chlorhydric, nitric, 
 or sulphuric acids. In a word, the gluten behaves 
 precisely like fibrin, q. v. (Bouchardat & San- 
 dras, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 483.) Easily 
 ("imperfectly") soluble in concentrated acetic 
 acid. Easily soluble in weak alkaline solutions. 
 
 As prepared by kneading flour in a current of 
 water, gluten contains at least 4 distinct substances, 
 viz. fibrin (vegetable), casein, glutin, and a fatty 
 matter soluble in ether. (Dumas & Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6.389.) 
 
 GLUTIN. Insoluble in water or ether. Easily 
 (Glaiadin.) soluble in boiling alcohol, and is not 
 precipitated from this solution as it 
 cools, but by evaporation a concentrated solution 
 is obtained which solidifies on cooling. [After 
 having been dried it appears to be insoluble in 
 alcohol, or less soluble than before.] (Dumas & 
 Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 418, 390.) 
 Only partially soluble in cold alcohol. It swells 
 up in water, but is insoluble therein. Soluble in 
 acids, and in solutions of the caustic alkalies. Ea- 
 sily soluble in cold dilute ammonia- water ; this 
 solution coagulates when boiled. Soluble in 
 acetic acid. 
 
 GLYCERAMIN. Very soluble in water, and 
 C fl H 9 N 4 ether. ( Berthelot & DeLuca, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 318.) 
 
 GLYCERIC ACID (Anhydrous). Hygroscopic. 
 ( Glyctric Anhydride.) 
 C 6 H 4 6 
 
 GLYCERIC ACID. Soluble in all proportions 
 C 6 H r,0 8 in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether 
 
 GLYCERATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 C 6 II 6 (NH 4 )0 8 
 
 GLYCERATE OF BARYTA. 
 H 5 Ba 8 
 
 GLYCERATE OF COPPER. 
 
 GLYCERATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 GLYCERATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 6 H s Pb O 8 cold, tolerably soluble in hot water. 
 
 GLYCERATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in wa- 
 C 6 II 5 Ca 8 + 2 Aq ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 GLYCERATE OF POTASH. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 C a H 5 K 8 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 6 H 5 K Og, C 6 H a 8 
 
 GLYCERATE OF SILVER. Appears to be solu- 
 ble in water. (Debus.) 
 
 GLYCERATE OP ZINC. 
 ! 6 H 5 Zn 8 + Aq 
 
 GLYCERIN. Hygroscopic. Miscible in all pro- 
 (Hydrated Oxide of Glyceryl, or of Lipyl.) portions with 
 ~ H 8 8 = C 6 H 5 3 ,3 H = 8 H ?7 1 8 water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 Soluble in water. Also soluble in absolute al- 
 cohol, from which it is partially precipitated on 
 the addition of an equal volume of ether. (Ber- 
 ,helot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 262.) A small 
 quantity of ether does not precipitate glycerin 
 from its alcoholic solution, although it is insoluble 
 in ether alone. (Wurtz.) Glycerin is not misci- 
 ble with the fatty oils. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 324.) 
 Soluble in cold fuming chlorhydric acid. 
 An aqueous solution Contains per cent 
 of sp.gr. (at 17.5) of glycerin of 1.26 Freezes at C. 
 sp. gr. 
 
 1.024 10 ... 1.25 
 
 1.051 20 2.5 
 
 1.075 30 6.25 
 
 1.105 40 17.5 
 
 1.117 45 26.25 
 
 1.127 50 31.25@ 
 
 [33.75 
 
 1.159 601 
 
 1.179 70 j Not freezing at 
 
 1.1204 80 i- 35 
 
 1.232 90 
 
 1.241 100 J 
 
 (Fabian, Dingler's polyt. Journ., 1860, 155. 
 347.) 
 
 * According to Fergusson Wilson, a sample of 1.26 sp. gr. 
 contains 98 per cent of anhydrous glycerin. 
 
 Glycerin approaches very nearly to diluted alco- 
 hol in its solvent power. It dissolves all deliques- 
 cent salts, several metallic nitrates, chlorides, and 
 sulphates, the alkalies, and several of the metallic 
 oxides, as oxide of lead, in large quantities ; it 
 also dissolves many vegetable acids. (Pelouze.) 
 
 The solvent power of glycerin is between that 
 of water and of alcohol. In general terms, sub- 
 stances may be said to be more soluble in glycerin 
 the more soluble they are in alcohol. A high tem- 
 perature greatly increases its solvent power. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 236.) Most of the GLYCERIDES 
 are insoluble, or but sparingly soluble in water. 
 The compounds of glycerin with baryta, lime [see 
 Oxide of Calcium], and strontia, are soluble in 
 water, from which carbonic acid does not precipi- 
 tate them : they are also sparingly soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Chevreul.) 
 
 GLYCEROClTRIC ACID. 
 
 GLYCEROPHOSPHORIC ACID. Vid. Phospho- 
 Glyceric Acid. 
 
292 
 
 GLYCOLATES. 
 
 GLYCERoPYRoTARTARic ACID. Deliquescent. 
 C u H i4 18 = C 8 H 5 (C 6 H 7 4 ) 12 + 2Aq 
 
 GLYCEROPYROTARTRATE OF LlME. Easily 
 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 GLYCERoSucciKic ACID. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 Gi/YCERoSucciNATE or LEAD. Soluble in 
 water. Somewhat soluble in alcohol. (Van 
 Bemmelen.) 
 
 GLYCERoSuLPHCRic ACID. Vid. Sulpho- 
 Glyceric Acid. 
 
 Gi/YCERoTARTARic ACID. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 C U H 12 16 uble in water. Its alkaline salts are 
 soluble in water, but insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 GLYCEROTARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C u H U Ba 16 
 
 GLYCEROTARTRATE OF COPPER. ) Soluble in 
 GLYCEROTARTRATE OF LEAD. $ water ; the 
 solution subsequently slowly undergoing decom- 
 position. 
 
 GLYCEROTARTRATE OF LIME. Permanent. 
 C 14 H, t Ca0 16 Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 GLYCEROTARTRATE OF MAGNESIA. ) Solu- 
 
 GLYCEROTARTRATE OF SILVER. > ble in 
 
 GLYCEROTARTRATE OF ZINC. ) water ; 
 
 the solution subsequently slowly undergoes decom- 
 
 position. (Desplats.) 
 
 GLYCERO&J'TARTARIC ACID. 
 C 22 H 16 Ojg 
 
 GLYCERO&lTARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 C.J2 H 14 Ba 2 26 
 
 GLYCERO&Z'TARTRATE OF LlME. 
 C 22 H u Ca, 26 
 
 GLYCEROierTARTARIC ACID. 
 CM H 22 Ojg 
 
 GLYCEROterTARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 Cso H lg Ba 4 Ogg 
 
 GLYCEROterTARTRATE OF LIME. 
 30 H 18 Ca 4 Osg 
 
 -Epj'GLYCERO&iTARTARIC ACID. 
 C 22 H 14 M 
 
 pt'GLYCERO6z'TARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 C 22 H 18 Ba 21 
 
 jDi'GLYCERO6tTARTRATE OF LlME. 
 C 22 H, 3 Ca 024 
 
 GLYCEROXALIC ACID. 
 
 GLYCEROXALATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 (Van Bemmelen.) 
 GLTCIN. Vid. Glycocoll. 
 GLYCOCHOLIC ACID. Vid. Cholic Acid. 
 GLTCOCIN. Vid. GLYCOCOLL. 
 
 GLYCOCOLL. Permanent. Soluble in 4.4 pts. of 
 
 (Glycin. Glycolin. Glycocin. co |d water (Mul- 
 
 Sugar of Gelatin Acetamic Acid .) der) m from 4-24 
 
 C 4 H 6 N 4 = N j JJ4 H S <\ Q 2 to 4 . 35 pts< o f water . 
 
 (Horsford, Am. J. 
 
 Sci., (2.) 3. 376.) Tolerably soluble in spirit. 
 (Braconnot ) Soluble in 930 pts. of alcohol of 
 0.828. (Mulder.) Much less soluble than leucin 
 in alcohol. Insoluble in boiling absolute alcohol 
 and in ether. (H. Kopp.) Slightly soluble in 
 alcohol ; more soluble in alcohol containing chlo- 
 ride of ammonium than in pure alcohol ; more 
 soluble in hot than in cold spirit. Quite insoluble 
 in ether, and scarcely less insoluble in absolute 
 alcohol. (Horsford, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 3. 376.) 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in the mineral 
 acids ; and in alkaline solutions, when these are 
 not too concentrated. 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with BARYTA(BaO). Soluble in 
 water. (Horsford, loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with CADMIUM -f- Aq. Soluble 
 in hot water. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with CoppER(CuO). Very solu- 
 C 4 H 4 Cu N 4 + Aq ble in water, from which it is 
 precipitated by strong alcohol. 
 (Horsford, loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with LsAD(Pb 0). Soluble in 
 C 4 H 4 Pb N 4 + Aq water. Only sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with MERCURY(HgO). Soluble 
 in water ; the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when boiled. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with POTASH. Very deliquescent, 
 and soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Horsford, loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with SiLVER(Ag O). Soluble in 
 C 4 H 4 AgNO 4 warm water. Only sparingly solu- 
 ble in spirit. (Horsford, loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYCOCOLL with ZINC. Soluble in hot water. 
 (Dessaignes.) 
 
 GLYCOL. Soluble in all proportions in water, 
 (Hydrate of Ethylene.) and alcohol. 
 
 C * U fl"o 4 (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 GLYCOLAMID. Very easily soluble in water. 
 ( Glycolamic Atid. Isomeric Sparingly soluble 
 
 with Glycocoll.) in spirit. (Des- 
 
 C 4 H B N0 4 = NJ^ H ' u o .0, HO saignes.) 
 
 GLYCOLIC AciD(Anhydrous). Insoluble in 
 (Glycolid. Glycollid.) cold, very sparingly soluble 
 C 4 H 2 2 " | 2 in warm water. After a long 
 
 time it enters into combina- 
 tion with water, forming glycolic acid. Soluble in 
 a solution of caustic potash, with formation of gly- 
 colic acid. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 GLYCOLIC ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 
 (Hamolactic Acid.) water in all proportions. 
 
 C 4 H 4 6 = C 4 H 2 4 ,2HO Miscible in all propor- 
 
 tions with alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Most of the glycolates are easily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 GLYCOLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H s Ba 6 
 
 GLYCOLATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, from 
 C 4 H s Ca 6 + 3 Aq which solution it is precipi- 
 tated by alcohol. (A Wurtz.) 
 Sparingly soluble in water ; from which solu- 
 tion alcohol precipitates it. (Kekule'.) Insol- 
 uble, or very sparingly soluble, in absolute alco- 
 hol. (Debus, Phil. Mag., (4.) 12. 362.) 
 
 GLYCOLATE OF LIME with GLYOXALATE 
 C 4 H s Ca0 6 ; 2 C 4 H 3 Ca 8 + 2 Aq OF LlME. More 
 
 easily soluble in 
 
 hot than in cold water. (Debus, Phil. Mac]., (4.) 
 12. 365.) Decomposed by repeated solution in 
 hot water. 
 
 GLY.COLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 GLYCOLATE OF SILVER. Slightly soluble in 
 C 4 H 3 Ag0 8 + Aq cold water. (Cloez.) Readily 
 soluble in hot water. (Des- 
 saignes.) Sparingly soluble in cold water; solu- 
 ble in hot water, with decomposition. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Kekule'.) 
 
 GLYCOLATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Sparingly 
 C, H, Zu 0. + 2 Aq soluble in cold water. Solu- 
 ble in 33 pts. of water at 20 ; 
 more soluble in hot water. (Gcrhardt's Tr.) 
 Soluble in 33 pts. of hot water. (Gmelin's Hand- 
 book.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Socoloff& Strecker.) 
 
GUANIN. 
 
 293 
 
 GLYCOLicAcEToBuTYRiN. Vid. AcetoButy- 
 rate of Ethylene. 
 
 GLYCOLICBROMHYDRIN. 
 C 4 H 5 Br 2 
 
 GLYCOLICCHLORACETIN. Insoluble in water. 
 C 8 H 7 Cl 4 Difficultly decomposed by boiling wa- 
 ter. Scarcely, if at all, acted upon by 
 cold water. 
 
 GLYCOLICCHLORHYDRIN. Soluble in water in 
 (Glycol monocMorfiydrique.) all proportions. (Wurtz.) 
 C 4 H 5 Cl O 2 
 
 Insoluble in wa- 
 C 12 H u Cl 4 ter ; freely soluble in alcohol. (Simp- 
 son.) 
 
 GLYCOLidooAcETiN. Insoluble in water. 
 c 8 H 7 io 4 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Simpson.) 
 
 GLYCOLicIomiYDRiN. Soluble in water, and 
 C 4 H S IO 2 in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Simp- 
 son.) 
 
 GLYCOLIDE. Vid. Glycolic Acid(Anhydrous). 
 
 GLYCOLIN. Vid. Glycocoll. 
 
 GLYCOLLAMID. Vid. Glycolamid. 
 
 GLYCOLLID. Vid. Glycolic Acid( Anhydrous). 
 
 GLYCYRRHIZIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 
 C 16 H 12 8 easily soluble in boiling water. Readily 
 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. Scarcely 
 
 at all soluble in ether. Easily soluble in alkalies. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in acids. 
 
 GLYOXAL. Exceedingly deliquescent. Very 
 (Isomeric with anhydrous easily soluble in water, al- 
 GfgoteAM.) cohol, and ether. (Debus.) 
 
 GLYOXALIC ACID. Very hygroscopic. Read- 
 C 4 H 4 8 ily soluble in water. (Debus, Phil. Mag., 
 
 (4.) 12.361.) 
 
 GLYOXALATE OF AMMONIA. Slowly but abiin- 
 C 4 H 3 (NH 4 )0 8 dantly soluble in water; the solu- 
 tion undergoing decomposition on 
 boiling, especially if it be strong. Very sparingly 
 soluble in strong alcohol ; more soluble in dilute 
 spirit. (Debus, loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYOXALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water; the solution is 
 partially decomposed by boiling. (Debus.) 
 
 II.) basic. Almost insoluble in water. 
 
 GLYOXALATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Easily soluble 
 C 4 H., Pb 2 8 in acetic and nitric acids. (Debus, 
 loc. cit. ) 
 
 GLYOXALATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) prisms. Soluble in 177 pts. of water at 8; 
 C 4 H 3 Ca0 8 more soluble in boiling water. Alco- 
 hol precipitates it from the aqueous 
 solution. 
 
 II.) needles. 100 pts. of water at 8 dissolve 
 C 4 H 3 Ca 8 of the needles 0.50 pt., and of the 
 prisms 0.56 pt. (Debus, Phil. Mag., 
 (4.) 12. 363.) 
 
 III.) basic. Almost insoluble in water. It is 
 
 2C 4 H 3 Ca O 8 ; Ca 0, H decomposed by water, 
 
 slowly at ordinary tem- 
 
 peratures rapidly by hot water. Soluble in acetic 
 acid. (Debus, loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYOXALATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Very 
 C 4 ll g K0 8 easily soluble in water; somewhat less 
 soluble in strong alcohol. (Debus, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYOXALATE OF SILVER. But sparingly sol- 
 C 4 H 3 Ag 8 uble in water. (Debus, loc. cit.) 
 
 GLYOXALATE OF ZINC. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 C 4 H 3 Zn0 8 water. Easily soluble in acetic, and 
 chlorbydric acids and in a solution of 
 caustic potash. (Debus.) 
 
 GOLD. Insoluble in pure chlorhydric, or nitric, 
 Au acid, or in sulphuric acid, even when these 
 are concentrated. Soluble in aqua-regia and 
 in mixtures of nitric acid with bromhydric acid, 
 chloride of ammonium, chloride of sodium, and 
 other metallic chlorides ; and mixtures of chlor- 
 hydric acid with nitrates of the metallic oxides. 
 Soluble in chlorine water. Soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid which contains chromic, manganic, selenic, or 
 arsenic acids ; (or perchloride of iron, Glauber, 
 H. Wurtz.) Soluble in selenic acid. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) Soluble in iodic acid. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 Soluble in nitric acid, which contains nitrous acid. 
 (Makin.) Insoluble in a mixture of chlorhydric 
 acid and a nitrite. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 49.) 
 Soluble in mixed aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 sodium, or alum, and nitrate of potash. When 
 very finely divided, it is soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid which contains nitric acid. As 
 obtained by reducing its solutions by protosul- 
 phate of iron, it is soluble in a boiling aqueous 
 solution of cyanide of potassium. 
 
 Gold leaf is not acted upon by a boiling aqueous 
 solution of protochloride of mercnry(HgCl). (A. 
 Vogel, J.pr. Ch., 1840, 20. 366, note.) 
 
 GRANATiN(from Punica granatum) . Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Landerer.) The " granatin " 
 of Latour de Trie was mannite. 
 
 GRAPHITIC ACID. Somewhat soluble in pure 
 C 22 H 4 10 water. Insoluble in water containing 
 acids or salts. (Brodie.) 
 
 GRAPHITATE OF AMMONIA. An insoluble jelly. 
 
 GRAPHITATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 C 22 H 3 Ba0 10 
 
 GRATIOLIN. Sparingly soluble in boiling wa- 
 C 40 HJH 14 ter. Easily soluble in alcohol. Al- 
 most insoluble in ether. 
 
 GRATIOSOLIN. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 U 46 H 422B Insoluble in ether. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 
 p. 423.) 
 GROS'S BASE. Vid. Oxide of Ammonium- 
 
 N H P. cio- 
 N 2 H 6 PtCl 
 
 Chlor pl atin(ous)ani- 
 
 GuACiN(from Mikania guaco). Very sparingly 
 soluble in cold, abundantly soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. Very easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Faure.) 
 
 GUAIACIC ACID. More readily soluble in \va- 
 
 C 12 H 8 O g ter than either benzoic or cinnamic acid. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Thierry.) 
 
 Soluble in benzin, and other light naphthas from 
 
 coal. (De la Rue.) 
 
 GUAIACENE. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Guajol.) Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 ^oHgO 2 and ether. Soluble, with combination, 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid. (Vcel- 
 ckel, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 347.) 
 
 GUAJACENE. Vid. Guaiacene. 
 
 GUAIACIN. Vid. Resin of Guaiacum. 
 
 GUAJACOL. Vid. PyroGuaiacic Acid. 
 
 GCA-IOL. Vid. Guaiacene. 
 
 GUANIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether, 
 C 10 H 5 N 6 2 or ammonia-water. Soluble in strong 
 acids, the solutions undergoing de- 
 composition on the addition of water. Soluble 
 in boiling nitric acid without decomposition. Also 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Unger.) Insoluble 
 
294 
 
 GUTTAPERCHA. 
 
 in acetic or tartaric acids. Almost entirely insol- 
 uble in lactic, citric, succinic, or hippuric acids. 
 (Neuhauer & Kerner, Ann. Cfi. . Pharm., 101. 
 323.) More readily soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 caustic potash and soda than in acids. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble even in boiling lime, or baryta, water. 
 
 GUANIN with SODA. Efflorescent. Soluble in 
 2 Na 0, C 10 H 5 N 5 2 + 12 Aq water, with decomposi- 
 tion. 
 
 GUARANIN. Vid. Caffein. 
 
 GUMS. The gums proper swell up in water 
 and form mucilages or pastes which approach more 
 or less nearly to true solutions. The gums are 
 insoluble in alcohol ; many of them are soluble in 
 concentrated acetic acid ; they are all decomposed, 
 with formation of glucose, when boiled with weak 
 acids. 
 
 For several substances also called " gums," in 
 commerce, see under RESINS. 
 
 GUM AMMONIAC. See under RESINS. 
 
 GUM ARABIC. Slowly soluble, but soluble in 
 (Arabin.) all proportions, in water. It dis- 
 
 <J 12 H 10 10 + Aq solves much more rapidly in hot 
 than in cold water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol, ether, or the fatty and essential oils. Solu- 
 ble in acetic acid. The aqueous solution may be 
 diluted with several times its volume of alcohol 
 without precipitation. But on the addition of a 
 trace of chlorhydric acid, or of chloride of sodium, 
 arabin is precipitated. 
 
 ARABIN with COPPER. Soluble in pure water. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of the compound 
 of arabin and potash. 
 
 ARABIN with LEAD. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Pb 0, C 12 H 10 10 + Aq 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in an excess of an aqueous 
 solution of arabin. 
 
 ARABIN with LIME. 
 I.) 2C 12 H, 10 ; CaO 
 
 II.) 6C 12 H 10 10 ; CaO 
 
 ARABIN with POTASH. Easily soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 BASSORA GUM. A small portion is soluble in 
 water, either hot or cold, but the remainder (con- 
 sisting of Bassorin, C 12 H ]0 O ]0 q. v.) is insoluble 
 in water, alcohol, or ether; it softens and swells 
 up in hot or cold water. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in hot dilute chlorhydric or nitric acids. 
 
 BASSORIN with LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 C 12 H 9 Pb 10 + 2 Aq 
 
 GUM BENZOIN. Vid. Benzoin. 
 GUM CARANNA. See Caranna, under RESINS. 
 GUM GUAIACUM. See under RESINS. 
 GUMMI GUTTA. Vid. Gamboge. 
 
 ( Gomme Gutle.) 
 
 GUM LAC. See under RESINS. 
 
 Gomme du Pays. Imperfectly soluble in water. 
 
 GUM TRAJACANTH. About one half of it is 
 soluble in cold water; the remainder swelling up 
 to form an emulsion. Insoluble in alcohol. De- 
 composed by boiling dilute acids. 
 
 GUN COTTON. Of the almost innumerable 
 (Pyroxilin.) varieties of gun-cotton, nearly 
 
 C, 2 H 8 (N 4 ) 2 10 (?) all appear to be insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, or acetic acid. 
 Some specimens are soluble, while others are in- 
 soluble, in mixed alcohol and ether. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether alone, but dissolves 
 very well in a mixture of these two liquids. (Ge- 
 
 lis.) Acetate of ethyl, acetate of methyl, and 
 acetone dissolve gun-cotton. 
 
 When recently prepared, and still moist, it dis- 
 solves slowly at the ordinary temperature in mod- 
 erately concentrated potash-lye, with decompo- 
 sition. ( VanKcrckhoff.) It is insoluble even in a 
 large excess of cold nitric acid, but dissolves at a 
 temperature of 80 @ 90 in monohydrated nitric 
 acid (Pelouze) ; from this solution sulphuric acid 
 precipitates unaltered gun-cotton, water precipi- 
 tates a substance soluble in alcohol and in a large 
 quantity of water. (DeVry.) 
 
 Be'champ (Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46.338) dis- 
 tinguishes the following varieties of gun-cotton, 
 considering them as compounds of cellulose and 
 nitric acid. 
 
 I.) Cellulose terNitric. Completely insoluble in 
 C^Htf 17 , 3 N 6 water. Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated alcohol, forming a clear 
 solution. Insoluble in pure ether, but readily 
 soluble in ether which contains a little alcohol. 
 Insoluble in cold, but completely soluble in boiling 
 acetic acid, from which it separates out for the 
 most part as the solution becomes cold. Soluble 
 in fuming nitric acid, a precipitate being formed 
 in this solution on adding water. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, abundantly soluble in hot chlorhy- 
 dric acid, a precipitate being formed on the addi- 
 tion of water. Easily soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, even when this is dilute. 
 
 II.) Cellulose quadri Nitric. Insoluble in alcohol 
 C M H 17 17 , 4 N 6 & + Aq or ether, alone ; but ea- 
 sily soluble in ether 
 
 which contains a little alcohol or in alcohol con- 
 taining a little ether ; from these solutions it is 
 precipitated on the addition of water. Insoluble 
 in hot or cold acetic acid. Soluble in fuming 
 nitric acid, a precipitate being formed in this solu- 
 tion on adding water. Insoluble in cold, but sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in hot chlorhydric acid. 
 Insoluble in a cold dilute solution of caustic pot- 
 ash. Soluble, with decomposition, in a concen- 
 trated solution of potash. 
 
 III.) Cellulose pentaNitric, or Pyroxilin. When 
 (Ordinary gun-cotton.) prepared in the cold, an in- 
 C 24 H IT i7> 5 N 5 soluble modification is ob- 
 tained ; but when made at a 
 slightly elevated temperature, a soluble modifica- 
 tion is formed. According to the mode of its 
 preparation, it is soluble or insoluble in ether 
 which contains a small amount of alcohol. It is 
 insoluble in alcohol, and in hot or cold acetic acid. 
 Soluble in fuming nitric acid, a precipitate being 
 formed in this solution on adding water. Insolu- 
 ble in cold, soluble, with decomposition, in hot 
 chlorhydric acid. Insoluble in a cold moderately 
 concentrated solution of caustic potash, but dis- 
 solves therein, with decomposition, on the applica- 
 tion of heat. The ethereal solution is viscous. 
 (Be'champ, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 338.) 
 
 GUTTAPERCHA. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 Soluble in ether, caoutchin, and coal-tar naphtha. 
 (Page, Am. J. Set., (2.) 4. 342.) Insoluble in 
 boiling alcohol. Readily soluble in boiling oil of 
 turpentine. Soluble in naphtha, and in coal-tar. 
 (Oxley, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 5. 440.) Soluble in 
 benzin. (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 261.) Insol- 
 uble in water, alcohol, oils, alkaline solutions, or 
 in chlorhydric or acetic acids. It softens and par- 
 tially dissolves in ether, essential oils, and coal-tar 
 naphtha. Its best solvent is oil of turpentine. 
 Concentrated sulphuric acid slowly chars it; con- 
 centrated nitric acid also gradually oxidizes it. 
 (Solly, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1845, p. 32.) 
 
HEMATHIONIC ACID. 
 
 295 
 
 Soluble in pure chloroform, in bisulphide of 
 carbon, in rectified oils of turpentine, resin, gutta- 
 percha, and tar ; also in terebene, chlorhydrate of 
 terebcne, and, slightly, in pure ether. Of these 
 solvents, the two h'rst mentioned are the best, and 
 dissolve the gutta-percha at low temperatures. 
 The other solvents act only at temperatures above 
 21, and when the solutions obtained are cooled 
 much below 16, the gutta-percha is deposited as a 
 granular mass. The length of time required to 
 produce this precipitate depends upon the degree 
 jof cold ; sometimes it requires several days, at 
 others the exposure of an hour suffices to produce 
 it. From its solutions in chloroform and bisul- 
 phide of carbon, the gum may be recovered in its 
 natural state either by evaporating or by precipi- 
 tating it with alcohol. But when any of the hy- 
 drocarbons are used as solvents, a portion is re- 
 tained with such tenacity that it cannot be re- 
 moved without decomposing the gum. Solutions 
 of gutta-percha are precipitated by alcohol. Ether 
 also precipitates it from the solution in chloroform. 
 Crude gutta-percha contains a small portion of a 
 soft yellow resin, soluble in alcohol, ether, and oil 
 of turpentine. (Kent, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 6. 246.) 
 
 Insoluble in dilute alcohol ; traces of it are 
 dissolved by strong alcohol. Only about 0.15 @ 
 0.22% of it is soluble in hot alcohol or ether (an- 
 hydrous). Soluble in cold bisulphide of carbon, 
 and chloroform. Sparingly soluble in warm, in- 
 soluble in cold olive-oil. Partially soluble in cold, 
 almost entirely soluble in hot benzin, and oil of 
 turpentine. Unacted upon by solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies, ammonia-water, saline solutions, 
 carbonic acid water, or the various vegetable, and 
 dilute mineral, acids. Unacted upon by fluorhy- 
 dric acid, it is attacked by concentrated sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, and nitric acids. (Gerhardt's TV.) 
 
 Payen finds in gutta-percha several resins [see 
 under RESINS], and 
 
 Pure Gutta : which is insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. Soluble in cold chloroform, and bisulphide 
 of carbon ; and in warm benzin, and oil of tur- 
 pentine. 
 
 GYROPHORIC ACID. Almost insoluble even 
 in boiling water. Very sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol or ether. Its best solvent is boiling alco- 
 hol. Scarcely at all soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Stenhouse.) 
 
 H. 
 
 HJEMATHIONIC ACID. Vid. Hemathionic 
 Acid. 
 
 HARM ALIN( from the seeds of Peganum harmala, 
 r H N n N $ r H o " Ruta sylvestris). Spar- 
 
 Vvoft * * 1 1 IN > \Jn ^ IN o < O ofi 11 i \Ja . 111 
 
 2 ( K ' mgly soluble in water. 
 Tolerably soluble in 
 
 cold, largely soluble in boiling alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. The salts of harmalin art read- 
 ily soluble in water. 
 
 HARMIN. Almost insoluble in water. Very 
 C H N o N 5 r IT n v, sparingly soluble in 
 
 C 28 U 12 M 2 2 -JN 2 ^ 26 H 12 2 v a , cohol) an( j ethcr 
 
 Very sparingly sol- 
 uble, or insoluble, in aqueous solutions of chloride 
 of sodium or nitrate of soda. 
 
 HARTIN. Completely insoluble in water. Spar- 
 4o n s40 4 ingly soluble in ether, and still less sol- 
 uble in alcohol. Soluble in naphtha. 
 HEDERIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Most of its salts 
 are insoluble in water ; but soluble in alcohol. 
 
 HEDERATE or AMMONIA. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 HEDERATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 HEDERATE OF LEAD. 
 
 HEDERATE OP LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 HEDERATE OF POTASH. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 HEDERATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 HEDERiN(from Hedera helix). 
 
 HELENIN. Vid. Inulin. 
 
 HELICIN. 
 C 26 H 16 14 + 2Aq 
 
 I.) Crystalline modification. Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, very easily soluble in boiling water. 
 Soluble in about 64 pts. of water at 8. More 
 soluble in ordinary alcohol than in water. En- 
 tirely insoluble in ether. More soluble in cold 
 alkaline liquors than in water, and this without 
 decomposition ; it is decomposed, however, by a 
 boiling solution of caustic potash. Also decom- 
 posed by boiling acids. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 14. 288.) 
 
 II.) amorphous modification. (Produced by keep- 
 ing No. I. in a state of fusion during some time.) 
 Only traces of it are dissolved by water or alcohol, 
 even boiling. Soluble, with partial decomposition, 
 in very dilute boiling chlorhydric acid, being con- 
 verted into the crystalline modification. Decom- 
 posed by a boiling solution of caustic potash. 
 (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 289.) 
 
 HELICOIDIN. Soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 (Helicin Salidn.) in cold water. Decomposed by 
 C S2 HU 28 + 3 Aq acids, and by alkaline solutions. 
 
 HELLEBORiN(from Hflleborus nigei-). Easily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol ; still more soluble 
 in ether. Decomposed by concentrated sulphuric 
 and nitric acids. 
 
 HELLENENE. Unacted upon by cold concen- 
 Cgg Hjg trated sulphuric acid, but when this is 
 gently heated the hellenene dissolves, with 
 combination. (Gerhardt, loc. cit.) 
 
 HELLENIN. Insoluble in water. Very soluble 
 
 (Camphor of Elecampane.) in alcohol, and ether. Sol- 
 
 C 42 H 28 6 uble in cold concentrated 
 
 sulphuric and nitric acids. 
 
 HELLONIN. Vid. PseudoVeratrin. 
 
 HEMAPHEiN(yeIlow coloring matter of the 
 
 (Hcemapluzine,) serum of blood). Easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol ; less soluble in water, 
 
 and ether. Also soluble in fatty oils. (J. F. 
 
 Simon.) 
 
 HEMATEIN. Slowly soluble in cold, more solu- 
 (Tfizmatein. Hamatvzein. ble in boiling water. Sol- 
 Hamatoxeic Acid.) uble ; n alcohol . Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in ether. 
 
 Soluble, apparently with combination, in the min- 
 eral acids ; less easily soluble in acetic acid. Sol- 
 uble in solutions of caustic potash and ammonia, 
 the resulting solutions becoming colored when 
 exposed to the air. 
 
 HEMATEATE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble in 
 
 (Htrmatoxeate of Ammonia.') water. Soluble in alco- 
 C 32 H 10 (N H 4 ) 2 12 hol. 
 
 HEMATHIONIC ACID. Soluble in water; the 
 (Hcemathionic Acid.) solution undergoing decom- 
 C M H M O.J4, S 2 O 8 position when boiled. Soluble 
 
296 
 
 HIPPURIC ACID. 
 
 in alcohol. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. 
 
 HEMATHIONATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 HBMATHIONATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 " HEMATIN "(coloring matter of blood). Vid. 
 Hematosin. 
 
 HEMATiN(coloring matter of logwood). Spar- 
 
 (Hamato.rylin. Brasilin. Hoe.- ingly and slowly 
 matin. HamatoxylicAcid) soluble in Cold, 
 
 C 32 H M O lt ; & + 2 Aq ; & + 6 Aq . 
 
 hot water. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 dilute acids. Not much altered by dilute chlor- 
 hydric and sulphuric acids. 
 
 HEMATOCRISTALLIN. These crystals vary in 
 (Blood Crystals.) solubility according as they are 
 derived from different animals ; 
 those from Guinea-pigs, rats, and mice are least 
 soluble, and require 600 pts. of water for their 
 solution. The aqueous solution is coagulated by 
 heat, and the crystals are precipitated from it by 
 nitric acid. On the other hand, neither sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, or acetic acids precipitate the crystals. 
 They are easily soluble in acetic acid. Also sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water. Insoluble in a concen- 
 trated solution of caustic potash. 
 
 HEMATOIDIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 C 14 H 9 N O s ? ether, glycerin, or acetic acid. Ea- 
 sily soluble in ammonia-water. When 
 treated with aqueous solutions of potash or soda 
 it swells up and is dissolved to a slight extent. 
 Readily soluble in nitric acid. Slightly soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. Insoluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. (Ch. Robin.) 
 
 HEMATOSIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 ( Improperly " Hamatin." Red ether; but soluble in 
 coloring matter of blood.) thege j; ; ds when 
 
 C 44 H M N 8 8 Fe l 
 
 quantity of caustic or carbonated potash, soda, 
 or ammonia. Soluble in warm oil of turpen- 
 tine, and linseed oil. (Mulder.) Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, ether, acetate of ethyl, and fatty 
 and volatile oils ; Mulder, however, regards it 
 as slightly soluble in fatty and ethereal oils. 
 (Lehmann.) It dissolves very readily in weak 
 alcohol acidulated with sulphuric or chlorhy- 
 dric acid ; but water similarly acidulated does 
 not dissolve it, and even precipitates it from the 
 alcoholic solution. Insoluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric and chlorhydric acids, which, however, 
 abstract a little of the iron. After having been 
 triturated with sulphate of soda, it dissolves for 
 the most part in water. Decomposed by nitric 
 acid. 
 
 HEMATOXYLIN. Vid. Hematin. 
 
 HEMIPINIC ACID. Effloresces in dry air. Dif- 
 C*, H lo 12 + 4 Aq = C w H 8 10 , 2 H + 4 Aq fictlltly 
 
 soluble 
 
 in cold water; more readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Wcehler.) Much more readily soluble 
 in water than opianic acid. (Blyth.) 
 
 HEMIPINATE OF AMMONIA. Permanent. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water. 
 
 HEMIPINATE OF ETHYL. Vid. EthylHemi- 
 pinic Acid. 
 
 HEMIPINATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 HEMIPINATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of acetate of lead. 
 (Wo3hler.) 
 
 HEMIPINATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. (An- 
 derson.) 
 
 II.) acid. Readily soluble in water, and alco- 
 C 20 H 9 K 12 + 6 Act hl- Insoluble in ether. (An- 
 derson.) 
 
 HEMIPINATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 Cjo H 8 Ag 2 12 
 
 HEPTA. See hepla, as prefix, under the generic 
 name of the substance sought for. 
 
 HESPERiDiN(of Lebreton). Insoluble in cold 
 (Aurantiin.) water. Soluble in 60 p. c. of boiling 
 water. Readily soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether. Soluble in warm con- 
 centrated acetic acid. Insoluble in the fatty or 
 essential oils. Easily soluble in solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. Soluble in concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid, with coloration. 
 
 Widmann, on the other hand, describes hespcri- 
 din as being easily soluble in boiling water, but 
 almost entirely insoluble in alcohol. It is ad- 
 mitted that the name has been applied to two 
 different substances. 
 
 HEVEENE. Miscible in all proportions with 
 Cn Hn alcohol, ether, and the fatty and essential 
 oils. 
 
 HEXA. See hexa, as prefix, under the generic 
 name of the substance sought for. 
 
 HEXYL. Vid. Caproyl. 
 
 HEXYLENE. Vid. Caproylene. 
 
 HIPPARAFFIN. Sparingly soluble in hot, in- 
 Ci H 8 N0 2 soluble in cold water. Its solubility 
 in water is not increased by the ad- 
 dition of sulphuric or chlorhydric acid, or caustic 
 potash or ammonia. Readiiy soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Very readily soluble in ether. Easily 
 soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, without 
 much alteration, from which it is precipitated by 
 water. ( Sch warz. ) 
 
 HIPPDRAMIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (AmidoHippuric Acid.) e a- 
 
 co 2 
 
 C 18 H 10 N 2 =C ]9 H 9 N 2 5) HO = ] . 
 
 (H 2 * uble 
 in boiling water, or alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Soluble in 370 pts. of water at 20; and in 1200 
 pts. of alcohol at 15. Easily soluble, with com- 
 bination, in acids. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of caustic potash. (Schwanert, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 112. 70, etseq. [K.].) 
 
 HIPPURAMID. Soluble in 100 pts. of water; 
 f C 2 <V' in 60 pts of alco- 
 
 Ci 8 H, N 2 4 = N 2 j c I4 H 2 hol; and in 80 pts< 
 I H 2 * of wood-spirit. Ea- 
 sily soluble in ether. 
 
 HIPPTJRIC ACID. Soluble in 600 pts. of water 
 ( Urobenzoic Add.) at 0. (Liebig, 
 
 C H NO = N$C 2 lt"o OHO P 3 ^ Am '' 1829> 
 
 sily soluble in 
 
 boiling water, and in alcohol. (Liebig.) Almost 
 insoluble in ether ; being far less soluble than 
 benzoic acid. Soluble in hydrate of anisyl. 
 
 Very readily soluble in water containing or- 
 dinary (ctt)phosphate of soda. (Liebig.) Very 
 sparingly soluble in liquors acidulated with chlor- 
 hydric acid. Soluble in hot strong chlorhydric 
 acid, by which it is decomposed if the solution be 
 maintained in ebullition. 
 
 Less soluble than benzoic acid in water. Easily 
 soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid at 120, 
 without blackening, and is precipitated, unchanged, 
 
HORN. 
 
 297 
 
 on the addition of water ; but it undergoes de- 
 composition when the solution is more strongly 
 heated. Equally easily soluble in warm concen- 
 trated nitric acid, but is decomposed when the 
 solution is boiled. Soluble in hot concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, from which it crystallizes un- 
 changed on cooling. (Liebig, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 
 17. pp. 389, 390.) 
 
 In boiling concentrated chlorhydric acid it dis- 
 solves, without decomposition at first; for if the 
 solution be cooled immediately after its formation, 
 the greater part of the hippuric acid is deposited 
 unchanged ; but if the ebullition be continued 
 during half an hour, the hippuric acid is decom- 
 posed. (Dessaignes, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 17. 
 50.) 
 
 With the exception of the salt of sesquioxide of 
 iron, all the hippurates are soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter, the alkaline salts being also easily soluble in 
 cold water. Most of the hippurates are soluble in 
 boiling alcohol, and a portion of them are soluble 
 in ether also. 
 
 HIPPURATE OF ALUMINA. Appears to be sol- 
 uble in water. (Liebig, Pogg. Ann., 17. 396.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OP AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, the solution 
 evolving ammonia on being evaporated. (Liebig, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1829, 17. 394.) 
 
 II.) add. Very readily soluble in water, and 
 C 18 H 8 (NH 4 )N0 6 , C 18 HaN0 6 -r-2Aq alcohol. Spar- 
 ingly soluble 
 in ether. (Schwarz.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) C 18 H 8 Ba N + Aq Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. (Liebig, Pogg. 
 Ann., 17. 394.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). Ea- 
 sily soluble in water, and spirit. (Leers, Ann. Ch. 
 u.'Pharm., 82. 162.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF CINCHONIN. Soluble in water. 
 (Elderhorst.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF COBALT. Soluble in water, 
 C tg H 8 Co N 8 + 6 Aq from which it is precipitated 
 by alcohol. (Schwarz.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 Hg Cu N 8 + 3 Aq cold water. Readily soluble 
 in hot, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. (Schwarz.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF ETHYL. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 18 H 8 (C 4 H 5 ) N 6 ble in cold, more soluble in hot 
 water. Soluble in all propor- 
 tions in alcohol, from which it separates on the 
 addition of water. Easily soluble in ether. (Sten- 
 house.) 
 
 HIPPURATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 in hot water. Readily soluble in alcohol, espe- 
 cially when this is hot. 
 
 HIPPURATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Effloresces in hot air. Soluble in 
 C 18 H 8 PbN0 8 + 2Aq&3Aq 5 & 6 pts. of cold 
 water. (Liebig, Pogg. 
 Ann., 17. 396.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. (Liebig, Pogg. 
 Ann., 17. 395.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF LIME. Soluble in 18 pts. of 
 C J8 H 8 CaN 6 + 3 Aq cold, and in 6 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Liebig, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829, 17. 395.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF MAGNESIA. Easily soluble in 
 C 18 H 8 MgNO a + 6 Aq water. (Liebig, loc. cit., p. 
 394.) 
 
 38 
 
 I HIPPURATE OF MANGANESE. Appears to be 
 ! soluble in water. (Liebig, loc. cit., p. 396.) 
 
 HIPPURATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 (Liebig, loc. cit., p. 394.) 
 
 HIPPURATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ap- 
 pears to be soluble in water. (Liebig, loc. cit., p. 
 396.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF METHYL. Soluble in 120 pts. 
 C 18 H 8 (C 2 H 3 )N O g of water at the ordinary tem- 
 perature and in 60 pts. of water 
 at 30. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 wood-spirit, and ether ; from these solutions it is 
 precipitated by water. 
 
 HIPPURATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 HIPPURATE OF NICKEL. Very sparingly sol- 
 C 18 H 8 Ni N O 6 + 6 Aq uble in cold water, more sol- 
 uble in boiling water, and iu 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Schwarz.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water and in 
 
 C 18 H 8 KN0 6 +2Aq ordinary alcohol. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold, more readily 
 
 soluble in warm, absolute alchohol or ether. 
 
 (Schwarz.) 
 
 II.) acid. Much more difficultly soluble than 
 C 18 llg K N 6 , C 18 H,, N O 6 + 2 Aq the normal salt. 
 
 HIPPURATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 H 8 AgNO a + Aq boiling, less soluble in cold 
 water. (Schwarz.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in wa- 
 C 18 H 8 NaN0 6 ter, and in boiling alcohol. Almost 
 insoluble in cold absolute alcohol 
 or in ether. 
 
 HIPPURATE OF STRONTIA. Somewhat spar- 
 C 18 H 8 Sr N 6 + 5 Aq ingly soluble in cold water, 
 alcohol, or ether. Easily 
 soluble in boiling water or alcohol. (Schwarz.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF STRYCHNINE. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Elderhorst.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF UREA. Its aqueous solution 
 soon decomposes. Soluble in hot absolute alco- 
 hol. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 Does not exist, according to Pelouze. ( Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 1842, (3.) 6. 67.) 
 
 HIPPURATE OF ZINC. The anhydrous salt is 
 Ci 8 H 8 Zn N 6 + 6 Aq soluble in 53.16 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 17.5, and in about 4 
 pts. of water at 100. Soluble in 60.5 pts. of 
 boiling alcohol of 0.82 sp. gr. Almost insoluble 
 in ether. (Lcewe.) 
 
 HIRCIC ACID. Very soluble in water. (Joss.) 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Very readily soluble 
 in alcohol. Soluble in ether. (Chevreul.) 
 
 HIRCATE OF AMMONIA. 
 HIRCATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) Sparingly soluble in water. (Chevreul.) 
 Tolerably easily soluble in water. (Joss.) 
 II.) Very soluble in water. (Joss.) 
 HOMOLACTIC ACID. Vid. Glycolic Acid. 
 
 HORDEIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 C 24 H 24 4 
 
 HORDEIN. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 
 ( Cevadin.) 
 
 HORN. Insoluble in boiling water, alcohol, or 
 (Epidermose.) ether. It dissolves gradually in wa- 
 ter at a high temperature in Papin's 
 digester. Scarcely at all acted upon by hot am- 
 monia-water. Easily soluble in solutions of caus- 
 tic potash and soda, especially if these are hot. 
 
298 
 
 HYDRATES. 
 
 In warm concentrated sulphuric acid it swells up 
 and dissolves for the most part. Decomposed by 
 ebullition with weak sulphuric acid. Slowly sol- 
 uble in boiling chlorhydric acid. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in nitric acid, especially if it be 
 warm. Insoluble in acetic acid, which only causes 
 it to swell up. 
 
 HUANOKIN. Vid. Cinchonin. 
 
 HUMIC ACID. Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the fixed caustic alkalies, and ammonia. 
 
 HUMIN. Insoluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 HUMOPIC ACID. Insoluble in water or in 
 C 40 H 22 14 weak acids. Soluble in alcohol and in 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 HUMULIN. Vid. Lupulin. 
 
 HuRiN(from Hura crepitans). Insolubls in wa- 
 ter. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. 
 
 HYDALLANTOINIC ACID. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 C 8 H 8 N 4 8 , H uble in water. Insoluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. Its salts appear 
 to be generally soluble in water, and insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Schlieper.) 
 
 HYDALLANTOINATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 PbO, C 8 H 8 N 4 8 alcohol. Easily soluble in acetic 
 acid. (Schlieper.) 
 
 HYDALLANTOINATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in absolute alcohol. (Schlieper, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 6. 374.) 
 
 HYDANTOIC ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 C 8 H 8 N 4 O 8 water. Insoluble in alcohol. Its al- 
 kaline salts are soluble in water, but 
 insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 HYDANTOATE OF LEAD. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in hot acetic acid. Readily soluble in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 HYDANTOATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 HYDANTOATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 HYDRANZOTHIN. Vid. fo'Sulphide of Sulpho- 
 carbammonium. 
 
 HYDRARGACRYL. Vid. MercurAllyl. 
 
 HYDRARGALLYL, &c. Vid. MercurAllyl, &c. 
 
 HYDRARSIN. Vid. Cacodylate of Cacodyl. 
 
 HYDRA8TiN(from the root of Hydrastis Cana- 
 densis.) Insoluble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold alcohol or ether. Soluble in chloroform and 
 in boiling alcohol. It fuses in hot oil of turpen- 
 tine. Soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Only slightly acted upon by cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 394.) Sol- 
 uble in warm alcohol. Nearly insoluble in cold 
 alcohol, ether, oil of turpentine, or water. More 
 soluble in water containing acetic acid, and in 
 alcohol containing caustic potash or ammonia. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 192.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ACETOSAMIN. Readily soluble 
 (OzideofAcetylammonium.) in water, and alcohol. 
 C 4 H 6 NO (Natanson.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ALLYL. Soluble in all propor- 
 
 (Aliylic Alcohol, tions in water, alcohol, and wood- 
 
 Acrylic Alcohol.) S p} r ; t (Hofmann & Cahours, ./. 
 
 Ch. Soc., 10. 316.) Miscible in 
 
 all proportions with water. (Berthelot& DeLuca.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF JefrALLYLAMMONiuM. Readily 
 r> a -a n HT ( ,n rr x ^ soluble in water. 
 
 HYDRATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Amyl Alcohol. Amylic Alcohol. Fu- ( Balard loc inf. 
 set- Oil. Hydrate of Oride of Anyl.) ^j Sparingly 
 
 CTT A *~ 10 "11 *-* ( IT-|. 
 
 10 "12 U 2 = ii o i soluble in water. 
 
 (Pellctan.) Sol- 
 uble in all proportions in alcohol, ether, fixed and 
 essential oils, and strong acetic acid. (Pelletan.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of acetate of pot- 
 ash. 
 
 Soluble in strong chlorhydric acid. (Balard, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 300.) Soluble to a 
 certain extent in an aqueous solution of caproate 
 of potash. ( Brazier & Gossleth, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 
 215.) Insoluble in a cold aqueous solution of 
 chloride of zinc, but on heating the two together 
 the hydrate of amyl is dissolved with decompo- 
 sition. (Balard, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 320.) 
 Most of its compounds arc, like itself, insoluble in 
 water. (Balard, Ibid., p. 296.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ZeZrAMYLAMMONiuM. Somewhat 
 
 n u AT n m ( ,n u , / TT /-v deliquescent. 
 C 40 H K N 2 = N (C 10 H n ) 4 . O, H 
 
 mann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ALUMINA. Vid. Oxide of Alu- 
 minum. 
 
 uble in wa- 
 ter, though less soluble than the corresponding 
 compounds of ethyl and methyl. (Hofmann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF AMYLENE. When pure it is solu- 
 ( Amylic Olycol.) ble in water in all 
 
 C 10 H 12 4 = C 10 H 10 2 , 2 H proportions. (A. 
 Wurtz.) Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 HYDRATE OF AMYLSTRYCHNINE. Soluble in 
 water, and in hot absolute alcohol, from which it 
 is precipitated on the addition of ether. (How.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF AMYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. Its salts are soluble in water. (Stahl- 
 schmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 226.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ANISOYL. Soluble in ether. 
 (Anisalcohol. Anisyl Alcohol.) (Cannizzaro & Ber- 
 C 16 H 10 4 = C]6 Hfl 9f \ 2 tagnini, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 98. 190.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ARSENETHYLIUM, &c. Vid. 
 Oxide of ArsenEthylium, &c. 
 
 HYDRATE OF BARYTA. Vid. Oxide of Ba- 
 rium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF BENZOL. Very unstable. 
 
 (Benzol Alcohol. Benzo Olycol.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF BENZOYL. Vid. Stilbous Acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF BISMUTH. Vid. Oxide of Bis- 
 muth. 
 
 HYDRATE OF BROMOCUMOYL. Decomposed 
 
 (Bromocuminol. Hydride by water. (Ber- 
 
 of Bromo Cumyl.) ^ tagnini. ) 
 
 HYDRATE OF BUTYL. Soluble in 10.5 pts. of 
 (Hydrate of Tetryl. Butylic water at 18. Insoluble 
 Alcohol. Tetrylic Alcohol) jn solutions of chloride 
 
 Oo Jtiifi Uo ^ ^S tin U. 11 U f i 1 1 * J 
 
 of calcium, chloride of 
 
 sodium, or in general any other salt easily soluble 
 in water. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 42. 
 137.) Miscible in all proportions with alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 HYDRATE OF BUTYLENE. Soluble in all pro- 
 
 (Butylic Glycol. Butyl Olycol.) portions 
 
 C 8 H 10 4 = C 8 H 8 . 2 , 2 H = C H ,f" j 4 in water, 
 
 alcohol, 
 
 and ether. Its solubility in ether distinguishes it 
 from the analogous compounds of ethylene and 
 propylene, which are but sparingly soluble in this 
 liquid. (A. Wurtz.) 
 
HYDRATES. 
 
 299 
 
 HYDRATE OF CADMIUM. Vid. Oxide of Cad- 
 mium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CAJPUTENE. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 C 20 H 16 ,HO 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 C 20 H 16 , 2 II ether, and oil of turpentine. (Max. 
 
 Schmidt.) 
 
 . III.) sex. Sparingly soluble in cold, easily in 
 C^H^i, 6 HO boiling alcohol. (Max. Schmidt.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF CAPRICYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Hydrate of Capryl. Caprylic Soluble in alcohol, 
 Aldehyde. Methyl (EnaMkol.) ethcr> an( j the fatty 
 
 C a6 H to 2 = i H H 2 oils. (Bouis, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 
 
 102.) Insoluble in water. Miscible in all pro- 
 portions with alcohol, and ether. (Staedeler.) 
 HYDRATE OF CAPROYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Caproic,oi Capronic, Alco- 
 hoi. Hydrate of Hexyl.\ 
 
 r H o ^12 ^J 3 1 o 
 ^12 H 14 u 2 H ^ 2 
 
 HYDRATE OF CAPRYL. Vid. Hydrate of Oc- 
 tyl, and Hydrate of Capricyl. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CERIUM. Vid. Oxide of Cerium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CERYL. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 (Cerotic Alcohol. Cerotin.) sily soluble in absolute 
 54 HJJ 0, H alcohol, in ether, and in 
 
 benzin. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CETYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Ethal. JEthal.) Miscible in all proportions with 
 U S2 Hgg 0, H alcohol, ether, and essential oils. 
 Insoluble in alkaline solutions. 
 Soluble, with combination, in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Decomposed by hot nitric acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CHLORAL. Vid. Chloral (Hydride 
 of to'ChlorAcetyl). 
 
 HYDRATE OF CiiLORoCuMOYL. Decomposed 
 
 (ChloroCuminol. Hydride by moist air ; by 
 
 of C/iloroCumyl ' Isomeric t sulphuric acid 
 
 with Chloride of Cumyl.) , s. , "... 
 
 PI n C 2o HIO Cl > o and by boiling pot- 
 C 20 H U C10 2 = - 10 H $ 2 ash-lye. Soluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Ger- 
 hardt & Cahours.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF terCuLORoToLUENYL. Vid. ter- 
 ChloroToluenic Acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF </uac/n'CHLORoToLUENYL. Sol- 
 (Quadri(.,'hloroT<iluenol. uble in alcohol. 
 
 Quadri ChloroBenzinol.) 
 
 C 14 H 4 C1 4 2 = O 14 H 3 C1 4 0, H O 
 
 HYDRATE OF CHROMIUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Chromium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF COBALT. Vid. Oxide of Cobalt. 
 
 HYDRATE OF COPPER. Vid. Oxide of Copper. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CRESYL. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 14 H 8 2 = C 14 H 7 0, H O ble in water. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, ether, bi- 
 sulphide of carbon, and strong acetic acid. Al- 
 most entirely insoluble in ammonia-water. Solu- 
 ble, with combination, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CUBEBENE. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C 30 H 24 , 2 HO Soluble in alcohol, ether, and the 
 
 essential oils. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 a boiling concentrated solution of caustic potash. 
 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CUMICYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 2o f'ljO, H Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 and ether. Decomposed by con- 
 centrated sulphuric and nitric acids. (Kraut, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 92. 68.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Alcohol. 
 
 HYDRATE OF fefraETHYLAMMONiuM. Very 
 N (C 4 H s ) 4 O, H deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 water. Its salts, with the excep- 
 tion of the carbonate, are highly deliquescent. 
 (Hofmann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF frz'ETHYLAMYLAMMONiuM. Sol- 
 C, 2 H 27 N0 2 = NK C H^.O, HO ' 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLBRUCIN. Readily solu- 
 ble in water, alcohol, and ether. (Gunning.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYL^ZCAPROYLAMMONIUM. 
 C 40 H 48 N 2 = N | C 4 H 5 (C 12 H 1S ) 3 0, II 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLCODEIN. Highly soluble 
 in water. (How, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 136.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF rfiETHYLCoNiix. Soluble in 
 
 (BiEtkylConiin.) water, (v. Planta 
 
 J M H^ N 2 = N j y ^H" . 0, H & Kekule, Ann. 
 
 ^ 4 5 Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 89. 146.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLENE. Vid. Glycol. 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLFURFURIN. Sparingly 
 
 l (C 10 H 4 O 2 ") 2 H n soluble in water. Ea- 
 
 ' I C 10 H 3 (C 4 8,) 2 sily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Davidson.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLMORPHINE. Readily sol- 
 uble in cold water. Difficultly soluble in alcohol 
 of 90%. (How, /. Ch. Soc., 6. 128.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water ; the aqueous solution is decomposed by 
 evaporation, and slowly by exposure to the air. 
 The salts of ethylnicotin appear to be all soluble 
 in water, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 87. 5.) 
 
 .HYDRATE OF jLTHYLfrir^HENYLAMMONiuM. 
 (EthylbiCinnammylamin.') Difficultly sol- 
 
 C 40 H 21 N 2 = N | ^ H| jj ^ . 0, H uble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol. When the aqueous solution is boiled, it 
 deposits oily drops. The salts of ethyltriphenyl- 
 ammonium are deliquescent. (Gcessmann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ^'ETHYLPHENYLAMMONIUM. 
 C M H 21 N 2 i= N I . C i2 [k . 0, H Soluble in water. 
 / 1'4 "B/s (Hofmann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ^J-ETHYLPHOSPHONIUM. Deli- 
 C 16 H 21 P0 2 = P{(C 4 H B ) 4 ) HO quescent. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLPICOLIN. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water ; the solution undergoing decom- 
 position when boiled. (Anderson.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ^'ETHYLPIPERYLAMMONIUM. 
 Very deliquescent. Soluble in water. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 98.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLPYRIDIN. 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLQUININE. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. Ether precipitates it from 
 the alcoholic solution. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 91. 166.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLQUINOLEIN. Soluble in 
 (EthylChinolin. VmeChinolin.) water, and alcohol. 
 (Williams.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLSALICYL. Vid. Ethyl- 
 Salicylic Acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Perma- 
 C 42 11 21 (C 4 H 6 ) N 2 4 , 2HO + 3Aq nen t. Very ea- 
 sily soluble in 
 
 water. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 absolute alcohol. Ether precipitates it from the 
 alcoholic solution. (How.) 
 
300 
 
 HYDRATES. 
 
 HYDRATE OF <?-tETHYLToLUENYL(or To 
 
 C H NO-N^ C * H s)s OHO LUYLJAMMONI- 
 
 C M HS, N 0, - N I Cj 4 HT . 0, H . UM Soluble in 
 
 water. (Morley 
 & Abel, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 73.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF GLUCINA. Vid. Oxide of Glu- 
 cinum. 
 
 HYDRATE OF GOLD. Vid. Oxide of Gold. 
 
 HYDRATE OF HEXYL. Vid. Hydrate of Ca- 
 proyl. 
 
 HYDRATE OF IRIDIDM. Vid. Oxide of Irid- 
 ium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF IRON. Vid. Oxide of Iron. 
 
 HYDRATE OF LANTHANUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Lanthanum. 
 
 HYDRATE OF LAUREL-OIL(OF GUIANA). In- 
 Cj H 20 = C 20 H 16) 4 H soluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Decom- 
 posed by strong sulphuric acid. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF LAURICYL. 
 
 (Lethal. Lavryl Alcohol.) 
 C U H^O Z = C * H gj0 2 
 
 HYDRATE OF LEAD. Vid. Oxide of Lead. 
 
 HYDRATE OF LITHIUM. Vid. Oxide of Li- 
 thium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF MAGNESIA. Vid. Oxide of Mag- 
 nesium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF MANGANESE. Vid. Oxide 'of 
 Manganese. 
 
 HYDRATE OF MERCURY. Vid. Oxide of Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 .BI'HYDRATE OF MESITYLENE. Perhaps iden- 
 Cis H i4 j tical with Phorone. (Limpricht.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYL. Mixes in all propor- 
 
 Wood-spirit. Pyroxilic-spirit. tions with Water, al- 
 
 ood-naphtha. Methyl alcohol, cohol, ether, and the 
 Methylic alcohol. Bi Hydrate of fett flnd essential 
 Metnylene.) .. * TT 
 
 r HO 2 H ? ? oils. Upon salts it 
 
 ^ s &i u 2 _ y- ^ u a exerts a solvent pow- 
 
 er similar to that of 
 
 alcohol ; and as a rule it resembles alcohol in sol- 
 vent power. 
 
 Percentage of anhydrous wood-spirit (of sp. gr. 
 
 0.8136) in the aqueous solution at 15.5. 
 
 Sp. Or. Per Cent. Sp. Gr. Per Cent. 
 
 0.8136 . 100.00 0.9008 . 69.44 
 
 0.8216 98.00 0.9032 68.50 
 
 0.8256 96.11 0.9060 67.56 
 
 0.8320 94.34 0.9070 66.66 
 
 0.8384 92.22 0.9116 65.00 
 
 0.8418 90.90 0.9154 63.30 
 
 0.8470 89.30 0.9184 61.73 
 
 0.8514 87.72 0.9218 60.24 
 
 0.8564 86.20 0.9242 58.82 
 
 0.8596 84.75 0.9266 57.73 
 
 0.8642 83.33 0.9296 56.18 
 
 0.8674 82.00 0.9344 53.70 
 
 0.8712 80.64 09386 51.54 
 
 0.8742 79.36 0.9414 50.00 
 
 0.8784 78.13 0.9448 47.62 
 
 0.8822 77.00 09484 46.00 
 
 0.8842 75.76 0.9518 43.48 
 
 0.8876 74.63 0.9540 41.66 
 
 0.8918 73.53 0.9564 40.00 
 
 0.8930 72.46 0.9584 38.46 
 
 0.8950 71.43 0.9GOO 37.11 
 
 0.8984 . 70.42 0.9620 . 35.71 
 
 (Ure, Phil. Mag., (3.) 19. 511 ; Gmelin's Hand- 
 book, 7. 267.) 
 
 ( 
 
 W 
 
 Sp. Gr. at 9. Per Cent of C 2 H 4 0,. 
 
 0.8070 ...... 100 
 
 0.8371 90 
 
 0.8619 80 
 
 0.8873 70 
 
 0.9072 60 
 
 0.9232 50 
 
 0.9429 40 
 
 0.9576 30 
 
 0.9709 20 
 
 0.9751 10 
 
 0.9857 ....... 5 
 
 (H. Deville, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 140.) 
 HYDRATE OF fefraMETHYLAMMONiuM. Deli- 
 
 C 8 H U NO,-N|(C 1 H,J 4 .0,HO <L ue8C ? nfc SO]Q - 
 l v ble in water. 
 
 (Hofinann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYLCINCHONIDIN. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYLCINCHONIN. Soluble 
 in water. Its salts are readily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Stahlschmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 90. 220.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYLENE. 
 
 Methyl. 
 
 of Methyl. 
 HYDRATE 
 
 Vid. Oxide of 
 OF METHYLENE. Vid. Hydrate 
 
 OF METHYLfn'ETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 C M H, 8 N 2 = N | C 2 H s (C 4 H 6 ) 8 0, H 
 
 HYDRATE OF 
 
 ( C 2 H, NIUM. Soluble 
 
 N C 20 H^ 2 = N j (C 4 rf c ) 2 . 0, H O - m water (Hof . 
 
 10 u mann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYLETHYLAMYLPHENYL- 
 
 AMMONIUM. 
 Soluble in 
 water. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYLETHYLCONIIN. Solu- 
 (EthylMethylConiin.) ble in water, (v. 
 
 = \ C^ff 1 *" w r> Planta & Kekule, 
 
 C 28 H 25 N0 2 = 
 
 C, H, 
 
 .0,HO 
 
 .O.HO .-,, r,, 
 
 1 1; u Ann. Lh. u. P/iarm., 
 
 89. 138.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYL^"ETHYLPHENYLAMMO- 
 NIUM. 
 
 H 1Q N 0, = N 
 
 5 ) 2 0, H 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. Its salts are readily soluble in water. 
 (Stahlschmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 223.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF METHYLSALICYL. Vid. Methyl- 
 Salicylic Acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF MOLYBDENUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Molybdenum. 
 
 HYDRATE OF MYRICYL. Soluble in hot, less 
 (Melissin. Hydrate of soluble in cold alcohol, 
 Melyl. Melissic Alcohol.) an d benzin. Soluble in 
 Ceo H 62 O 2 = Ceo H ei 0, H ) 
 
 HYDRATE OF NICKEL. 
 HYDRATE OF 
 
 Vid. Oxide of Nickel. 
 
 HYDRATE OF OCTYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Hydrate of Capryl. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 Caprylic Alcohol.) acet ; c add (BouiS) Ann . Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 44. 103.) Solu- 
 
 ble in wood-spirit, and very readily in acetic acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF CENANTHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C M H u O 2 , HO Soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetic 
 
 acid. (Bussy.) 
 
HYDRATES. 
 
 301 
 
 HYDRATE OF OROSELONE. Sparingly soluble 
 C 14 H 6 4 = C 14 H 5 3 , H in cold, tolerably soluble 
 in hot water. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. Eeadily soluble in a 
 dilute solution of caustic potash, less easily solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. (S. & W.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF OSMIUM. Vid. Oxide of Os- 
 mium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF PALLADIUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Palladium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF PHENYL. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF PHLORYL. Vid. Phloretol. 
 
 BI'HYDRATE OF PHOSPHIDE OF NITROGEN. 
 Vid. BiPhosphamid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF PLATINAMIN. Vid. Oxide of 
 Platinamin. 
 
 HYDRATE OF PLATINUM. Vid. Oxide of Plati- 
 num. 
 
 HYDRATE OF POTASH. Vid. under pnrfOxide 
 of Potassium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF PROPYL. Miscible with water in 
 (Hydrate of Trityl(of Gerhardt). all proportions : from 
 Propylic Alcohol. tn i s solution Carbo- 
 
 K 2: nate of potash causes 
 
 Metacetonic do. it to separate, (ner- 
 
 Tritylie do.~) thelot, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Co H 8 o 2 = C 6 H 7 0, H ph y S ^ (3 ) 43 399 ) 
 
 Readily soluble in water, but not miscible with it 
 in all proportions. (Chancel.) 
 
 HYDRATE of PROPYLENE. Soluble in all pro- 
 
 (Hydrate of Tritylene. portions in water, and al- 
 Propylic Olyeot) ^ co h o i. insoluble in a small 
 
 C 6 H 8 4 = 6 H ^ 4 quantity of ether, but dis- 
 solves completely in 10 or 
 12 times its volume of this liquid. (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF RHODIUM. Vid. Oxide of Rho- 
 dium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF RUTHENIUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Ruthenium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF RUTOYL. Vid. Hydride of Ru- 
 tyl. 
 
 HYDRATE OF SODA. Vid. Oxide of Sodium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF STRONTIA. Vid. Oxide of Stron- 
 tium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF SULPHOCARBONYLETHYLAMMO- 
 
 (Ethyl Sulp/io Carbamid. 
 Sulpha Carbamate of Ethyl. 
 Xanthamid. Xanthogenamid. 
 Ur ethane sulphur &.) 
 
 SC.S," 
 C 6 H 7 N S 2 O 2 = N ] C 4 H 5 . 0, H 
 
 ( H 
 
 NIUM. Slightly 
 soluble in water. 
 Soluble in all 
 proportions in 
 alcohol, and in 
 ether. (Debus.) 
 Soluble in water, and especially soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. Easily soluble, without decom- 
 position, in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which water precipitates it. The sulphuric acid 
 solution decomposes when heated or left to stand 
 for some time. (Chancel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 35. 468 ) 
 HYDRATE OF SULPHOCARBONYLETHYLAMMO- 
 
 KIUM With rfi'nlODIDE OF COPPER. 
 
 t C, S." 
 
 I.) N <C 4 H 5 0, HO;Cu 2 I 
 (H 
 
 Insoluble in 
 water. Very 
 easily soluble 
 in cold alcohol, but the alcoholic solution is de- 
 composed on boiling. 
 
 II.) 2 
 
 . 
 O, H J ; 
 
 / ( Cg S 2 " N More readily 
 
 III.) 3(N Jc 4 H 5 0,HO);Cu 2 I so i ub le in al- 
 
 cohol than 
 No. II. 
 
 HYDRATE OF SULPHOCARBONYLETHYLAMMO- 
 
 NIUM With tfrSuLPIIoCYANIDE OF COPPER. 
 ( C S " 
 
 *') ) _ T 4 5 ' ' 
 
 II.) 
 
 C, S," 
 
 (C 2 S, /Cu ) \ Insoluble 
 
 III.) N JC 4 H 5 0, HO; 10^ Cj |j j S 2 J j n co j<j 
 
 water or 
 
 alcohol. [There are various other double com- 
 pounds.] 
 
 HYDRATE OF TELLURIUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Tellurium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF TETRYL. Vid. Hydrate of Bu- 
 tyl. 
 
 HYDRATE OF THORIA. Vid. Oxide of Tho- 
 rium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF THYMYL. Vid. Thymylic Acid. 
 
 HYDRATE OF TIN. Vid. Oxide of Tin. 
 
 HYDRATE OF TOLUENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Benzylic Alcohol. Benzole Miscible in all propor- 
 
 Alcohol BenzAlco/iol) tions with alcohol, ether, 
 
 bisulphide of carbon, and 
 
 acetic acid. (Cannizzaro.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF TRITYL. Vid. Hydrate of Pro- 
 pyl. 
 
 HYDRATE OF TURPENTINE-OIL. 
 
 I.) 'Solid. 
 
 a = " AnhydrousTurpentine- Camphor." Hy- 
 
 (Bi Hydrate of Oil of Turpentine(of Deville). groscopic. 
 TetraHydrate of Oil of Turpentine(of Ber- 
 thelot).) 
 CM H 20 4 
 
 b = " Crystallized Turpentine- Camphor." 
 ( Terpin(of Berzelius, and List). 
 TriHydrate of Essence of Turpentine(of Deville.) 
 
 C w HJO 4 & + 2 Aq = CM H w 9* i O t + 2 Aq 
 
 Crys- 
 tallized 
 turpen- 
 t i n e- 
 c a m- 
 
 phor is soluble in 200 pts. of cold water, and in 
 22 pts. of boiling water, crystallizing from the hot 
 solution as it cools. (Buchner, List.) Soluble in 
 250 pts. of cold, and in 30 rg> 36 pts. of boiling 
 water (Voget) ; in 24 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Trommsdorff.) Commercial oils of turpentine 
 form hydrates of various degrees of solubility in 
 water. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 40. 
 40 [Gm.].) Soluble in 7 pts. of alcohol, of 85%, 
 at 10; in 10 @ 12 pts. of 86% alcohol, and in 
 5 @ 6 pts. of boiling alcohol. According to some 
 statements the alcoholic solution becomes turbid 
 when mixed with water, according to others it 
 does not. Soluble in 8 i 10 pts. of ether. (Vo- 
 get.) Soluble in acetic acid. (Boissenot & Persot.) 
 This solution is not rendered turbid by water 
 (Brandes) ; when mixed with water, it deposits 
 unaltered turpentine-camphor. (Trommsdorff.) 
 Readily soluble in hot oils, whether fixed or vola- 
 tile (Trommsdorff, Buchner) ; from the warm so- 
 lution in oil of turpentine it does not separate on 
 cooling (Haefner, Brandes), but from a solution in 
 poppy oil separation occurs. (Hajfner.) Accord- 
 ing to Vogct, it is insoluble in oil of turpentine 
 or oil of almonds. Soluble in hot ammonia-wa- 
 ter. (Brandes.) Soluble in dilute aqueous solu- 
 tions of the caustic alkalies, but when heated in 
 concentrated solutions it melts without dissolving. 
 (Trommsdorff.) Easily soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid with formation of terpinol. (List.) 
 
302 
 
 HYDRIDES. 
 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in cold concen- 
 trated nitric acid ; the solution undergoing decom- 
 position when heated. ( Trommsdorff, List.) 
 
 II.) Liquid. Soluble in alcohol, from which it 
 (Liquid Turpentine- Camphor Mono- jg precipitated 
 Hydrate of Oil of Turpentine(of De- Qn .[, a 
 ville). Bi Hydrate of Oil of Turpentine ? U 
 (of Berthelot).) ot water. 
 
 ^20 H lg 2 
 
 III.) " Mono Hydrate of Oil of Turpentine "(of 
 Berthelot, and Gerhardt). Vid. Terpinol. 
 
 HYDRATE OF URANIUM. Vid. Oxide of Ura- 
 nium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF VANADIUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Vanadium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF <e?raViNYLiUM. Very sparingly 
 C 18 H 12 N 0, H O soluble in water, rather mo're sol- 
 uble in cold than in warm water. 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. Most of its salts are easily soluble in 
 water, but insoluble in alcohol. (Heintz & Wisli- 
 cenus.) 
 
 HYDRATE OF YTTRIUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Yttrium. 
 
 HYDRATE OF ZINC. Vid. Oxide of Zinc. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ACETYL. Miscible in all propor- 
 
 (Ald.eh.yde. Acetyl Aide- tions with water, alcohol, 
 
 CH o ll H VU ofAcetoyL) and ether. Insoluble in 
 
 an aqueous solution of 
 
 chloride of calcium. 
 
 There are several other isomeric modifica- 
 tions ; as, 
 
 a = Metaldehyde. Insoluble in water. Very sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (9 = Paraldehyde. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Very slightly soluble in water. 
 Y = Elaldehyde. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF AcETYiArome, chlore", etc. Vid. 
 Hydride of Brom(Chlor, &c.) Acetyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ACRYL. Soluble in about 40 pts. 
 
 (Acrolein. Acrol. Pimelin.) of water at 15. Slow- 
 
 C 6 H 4 2 = C 6 HS 9| \ ly decomposed when 
 
 in contact with water. 
 
 Soluble in spirit. More soluble in ether than in 
 water, this being its best solvent. (Redtenbacher.) 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, ether, and 
 essential oils. (Buchner.) Soluble in 2 or 3 pts. 
 of water at 15. (Geuther & Cartmell.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ALLYL. 
 
 ( Hydride of Prapionoyl. 
 Isomeric with Prnpylene.) 
 C 8 H 6 = C 6 H 6) H 
 
 HYDRIDE OF AMYT,. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 
 _ c 10 H,, ) able in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 ^io H i! tl\ Water precipitates it from the 
 
 alcoholic solution. (Frankland, 
 
 J. Ck.Soc.,3. 41.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ANGELICYL. 
 
 (Angelic Aldehyde.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ANISYL. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 (Anisol Anisaldehyde. Anisylous Acid, jn water. 
 Hydrate of Anisicyl ) Soluble in 
 
 C 16 H 8 4 = H < f j , or c H ' % ( 2 all propor- 
 
 tions in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid, from which it is precipitated on the addi- 
 tion of water. Insoluble in a cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, even when this is concen- 
 trated ; but when boiled for a long time in this 
 
 solution it dissolves, with decomposition. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 484.) 
 HYDRIDE OF AZOANISYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 (AzoAnisylamin. Trianisylbiamid.) ter. Soluble in 
 
 C 48 H 24 N 2 6 = N 2 \ ^w H 7 2>3 hot, less soluble in 
 
 cold alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Soluble at a gentle heat in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, from which it is deposited as the 
 solution cools. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 14. 487.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF AZOBENZOYL. Vid. Hydro- 
 Benzamid. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF AzoCiNNAMYL. Vid. Cinna- 
 mylHydramid. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF AZOSALICYL. Apparently in- 
 
 (Salhydramid. Salicylimid. soluble in water 
 
 Spiroylimul. Spirionid. VAI-V cr>ni-; .!,, 
 
 TriSalicoylbiamid.) "7. Spannglf 
 
 p H NT r> N 5( C H H 5 2 ) 3 soluble m cold 
 C 12 H 18 N 2 6 = N 2 | j^" alcohol. Soluble 
 
 in about 50 pts. of 
 
 boiling alcohol. Unacted upon by dilute acids iu 
 the cold, but is decomposed on boiling. 
 
 For its compounds, vid. AzoSalicylides. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BENZOYL. Soluble in 30 pts. of 
 
 (Oil of Bitter-Almonds. Benzaldehyde. cold Water 
 Benzaldide. Benzoilal. Hydrate of Tvrif>;hlA 
 Benzoicyl. Laurel- OH, Oxide of Pi- -^ 
 cramyl. Essence d'amandes ameres.) a 'l proper- 
 
 C H O = c i4 H 52} tions with al- 
 
 and the fatty and essential oils. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in cold monohydrated sulphuric 
 and in cold concentrated nitric acid. ( Woehler.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF 'BEXZOYUiitrosulphure'. Vid. 
 Hydride of NitroSulphoBenzoyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BISMUTH ? 
 BiH 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ferBROMAcETYL. Very soluble 
 
 (Bromal. Hydrure de Acetyl- i n water, alcohol, and 
 tribromi. Ozyde de Bromethise.) Q fa Gt (Lcewig.) 
 
 6 = hydrated. Very soluble in water. 
 C 4 H Br 3 2 + 4 Aq 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BROMAzoSALiCYL. Resembles 
 
 (Bromo Salicylimid. Bromosamid. 
 TriBromo Salicoylbiamid.) 
 
 (O u H 4 Br 2 ) 3 
 
 tt> 
 
 H 1B Br, N, 0. = N 2 
 
 the corre- 
 sponding 
 chloro com- 
 pound. 
 Vid. Hydrate 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BROMOCUMYL. 
 of BromoCumoyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BROMOMETHYL. Scarcely at all 
 
 (Isomeric with Bromide of Methyl.) soluble in water. 
 C 2 II 3 Br = C 2 HS ^ I 1 volume of wa- 
 
 ter at 14 dissolves 
 
 0.07 @ 0.09 vol. of it. (Bjeyer, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 103. 183.) Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 HYDRIDE OF BROMOPHENYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (BromoBenzol. Bromo Phenyl.) dilute alkaline solu- 
 C, 2 H 5 Br = Cl2 H * Hj J tions. Soluble in 
 
 concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid. (Couper.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF WBROMoPiiENYL. Soluble in 
 (BiBromoBenzin.) ether. (Couper.) 
 
 r H Br ) 
 C H Br = 12 ! 
 
 HYDRIDE OF terBROMoPHENYL. Insoluble, 
 
 (TfrBromoBenzine. BromoBenzid. or but Sparingly 
 
 BromuBenzinise. Bfomide ofdi- 
 
 BromoPhenyl.) 
 
 C la H 3 Br 3 = C " H ^ B 1 r j( 
 
 soluble, in water. 
 Very easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Las- 
 
 saigne.) 
 
HYDRIDES. 
 
 303 
 
 HYDKIDE OF BROM()PIANYL. Vid. Bromo- 
 Meconin. 
 
 HYDRIDE OP BROMOSALICYL. Vid. Bromo- 
 Salicylous Acid. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BROMOSULPHOSALICYL. Vid. 
 Sulphide of BromoSalicene. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BUTYL. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 (Hydride of Tetryl.) i n water. Extremely soluble 
 
 8 \ in absolute alcohol. Very spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in concentrated 
 
 sulphuric or chlorhydric acids, in a chlorhydric 
 
 acid solution of dichloride of copper, or in bro- 
 
 mine. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Pfiys,, (3.) 51. 
 
 71.) Soluble in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 42. 141.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF BUTYRYL. There are two modi- 
 
 (Butyral Butyric Aldehyde, fications of this Sub- 
 Butaldide. Butyraldehyde.) stqrlrp 
 
 r* rr f\ rt TT f\ rr olclIJCc. 
 
 Vi "8 "2 = *-8 "7 < -'2) " 
 
 a) BUTYRAL. Sparingly soluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in all proportions in alcohol, ether, wood- 
 spirit, potato-spirit, and oils. (Chancel.) Buty- 
 ral dissolves a little water. 
 
 ft) BCTYRALDEHYDE. Very sparingly soluble 
 in water. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Guckclberger.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CAPRONYL. 
 
 (Capral. Caproic Aldehyde.) 
 Ufo H u 2 I 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CAPROYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Hydride of Hexyl.) Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 L u gj ether. (Wurtz.) 
 
 " HYDRIDE OF CAPRYL." Vid, Hydride of 
 
 C w HI, J Qctyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CAPRYL. Vid. Hydrate of Ca- 
 c w H i6 2 pricyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF 
 
 (Chloral. Hydrure (VActtyl tri- 
 chlori. Chlorure de Chlor&thise.) 
 
 a = c 4 H C1 3 2 = c * c ' 3 ?f | Very soluble in wa - 
 ' ter, alcohol, and ether. 
 
 b = " Hydrate of Chloral." Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H C1 3 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 There is another modification of chloral ("in- 
 soluble chloral") which is insoluble in cold, and 
 only very sparingly soluble in boiling water ; and 
 is insoluble, or very difficultly soluble, in alcohol 
 or ether. (Liebig, Dumas.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLORAZOSALICYL. Almost 
 
 (ChloroSalicylimid. Chlorosamid. insoluble in water. 
 TerChloroSalicvylbiamid.) (Piri & .) Soluble in 
 
 C 42 H 15 CI 3 * 2 6 j^ ab ' SQlute a]co . 
 
 hol. More soluble in ether, especially when this 
 is warm. Absolute alcohol does not decompose it, 
 but it is decomposed by warm spirit. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLORETHYL. Water absorbs 
 (Isomeric with Chloride of Ethyl.) about twice as much 
 C 4 H fi Cl c u * ^ of it as it can of 
 
 chloride of ethyl. 
 
 1 vol. of water absorbs 2 vols. of it. (Frank- 
 land & Kolbe.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLOROBENZOYL. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Benzol. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLOROBUTYRYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (ChloroButyral. Butyralmonochlori.) Water. Soluble 
 C 8 H 7 C10 2 = C 8 H 8 C10 2 ,H in all propor- 
 
 tions in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Chancel.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF fo'CHLORoBtrTYEYL. 
 
 (Bi ChloroButyral. Butyralbichlori.) 
 C 8 H 8 CI 2 2 = C 8 H 5 C1 2 2 , H 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ^warfnCHLORoBuTYRYL. Insol- 
 
 ( Qitadri ChloroButyral, uble in water. Solu- 
 
 Butyral^adrichlor^ 
 
 C 8 H 4 C1 4 2 _C 8 H 3 C1 4 2 ,H 
 
 HYDRIDE OF gwarfn'CHLORoCiNNAMYL. Sol- 
 (Chlorocinnose. TetraCinnamyl, uble in boiline al 
 
 Hydrate of Quadri CUorodnnamoyl.) cohol from w | jch 
 
 ^18 U 3 "^'4 "2 ( 
 
 U \ it separates on 
 
 cooling. Unact- 
 
 ed upon by boiling concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Dumas & Peligot.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CiiLORoCuMYL. Vid. Hydrate 
 of ChloroCuminol; and also Chloride of Cumol 
 
 (C20H J2 "). 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLOR(ENANTHYL. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of (Enanthyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLOROMETHYL. Very solu- 
 (Isomeric with Chloride of Methyl.) ble in water, and 
 C 2 H S C1 = C 2 H 3^| alcohol. 
 
 1 vol. of water 
 
 absorbs 2.6 vols. of it. (Bunsen.) More soluble 
 in alcohol, but less soluble in ether. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF terCnLORoPiiENYL. Insoluble 
 
 (TerChloroBenzol. ChloroBenzide. in wnt^i- TocJl,, 
 
 Chlorophenise. Chloride of diCMoro lu /r ale . r - ^asily 
 
 Phenyl. TerChloro Benzene.) soluble in alcohol, 
 
 r> H 01 ^12 H, CI. ) ether, and benzin. 
 
 S^19 Ho \Jlo ^ " Wr /T \ 
 
 H $ (Laurent.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLOROPIANYL. Vid. Chloro- 
 Meconin. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLOROSALICYL. Vid. Chloro- 
 Salicylous Acid. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CHLOROTOLUENYL. Soluble in 
 
 (SexiChloro Toluene, Sexi Chloro Toluol ptlipr IVir* 
 BenzoeneSexchlore. ChloroBenzoenyl. ' ,,-/,; \ 1Ji 
 TolueneSexchlori.) Vllle.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CINNAMYL. Soluble in alco- 
 
 (Cinnamic Aldehyde Hydrate of hol, and chlorhydric 
 Cmnamoyl. Oa of Cinnanon.) add concent ^ ated 
 r* tf n ^is *^7 ^2 t 11. 
 
 ^is H 8 u a = H j sulphuric acid with 
 
 decomposition, and 
 
 an aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Cahours.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CINNAMYL with IODINE & lo- 
 
 C 18 H 8 o,, 3 1, K l DIDE OF POTASSIUM. Decom- 
 
 posed by water. Soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. (Apjohn.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF COPPER. 
 Cu 2 H 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CUMENYL. Vid. Cumene. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CDMYL. Insoluble in water 
 Sr^Sehy^ Ka-ilyolnblein alcohol.' 
 C 20 H 12 2 = C > H n ^ j 
 
 HYDRIDE OF CYANOBENZOYL. Insoluble in 
 (Benzimid.) water. Sparingly soluble in boiling 
 C 46 H 18 N 2 4 alcohol, and ether. (Laurent, Greg- 
 ory.) Tolerably soluble in wood- 
 spirit. (Laurent.) Decomposed by hot acids. 
 Insoluble in cold chlorhydric acid, or in a solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. 
 
 Connected with Hydride of CyanoBenzoyl are 
 two compounds, designated as 
 
 I.) a HYDRIDE OF CYANOBENZOYL. Insolu- 
 
 (Benihydramid. BiToluenyl- ble in water. Verv 
 Cyan Benzuylamid.) , , CI ^ 
 
 C 44 H 18 N 2 2 sparingly soluble in cold 
 
 alcohol. Readily solu- 
 ble in ether. 
 
 II.) /s HYDRIDE OF CYANOBENZOYL. Almost 
 
304 
 
 HYDRIDES. 
 
 fToluenylCyanoBenzoicylamin.) insoluble in boiling 
 Cgo H 12 N 2 alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 ether. 
 HYDRIDE OF ETHYL. Nearly insoluble in wa- 
 
 (Isomeric with Methyl.) ter. 1 vol. of alcohol at 
 
 C 4 H 8 = c * %> I 8.8 and 665. 5 mm - pressure, 
 
 absorbs 1.22 vols. of it. 
 
 (Frankland.) Tolerably soluble in absolute al- 
 cohol at ordinary temperatures ; it is evolved on 
 ebullition. Very sparingly soluble in a chlor- 
 hydric acid solution. of dichloride of copper, in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid or in bromine. (Ber- 
 thelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 68.) Neither 
 absorbed by fuming sulphuric acid nor by per- 
 chloride of antimony. (Kolbe's LeJirb., 1. 233. ' 
 
 1 vol. of water under a 
 pressure of Om. 76 of mer- 
 cury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves (by experiment; 
 
 of hydride of eth), vols. 
 
 reduced to 0C. andOm.76 
 
 pressure of mercury. 
 
 2.0 0.087576 
 
 6.2 0.074754 
 
 8.3 0.068751 
 
 15.5 0.054888 
 
 21.5 .. . . . . 0.045589 
 
 From these results the following table is calcu- 
 lated by means of the formula: C = 0.094556 
 0.0035324 t + 0.00006278 t 2 . 
 
 1 vol. of water, under a 
 
 pressure of Om.76 of 
 
 mercury at C. 
 
 Dissolves of hydride of 
 ethyl, vols , reduced to 
 0C. and Om.76 press- 
 ure of mercury. 
 
 ..... . . . 0.0946 
 
 1 0.0911 
 
 2 0.0877 
 
 3 0.0845 
 
 4 0.0814 
 
 5 0.0785 
 
 6 0.0756 
 
 7 0.0729 
 
 8 0.0703 
 
 9 0.0678 
 
 10 0.0655 
 
 11 0.0633 
 
 12 0.0612 
 
 13 0.0595 
 
 14 0.0574 
 
 15 0.0557 
 
 16 0.0541 
 
 17 0.0536 
 
 18 0.0513 
 
 19 0.0501 
 
 20 0.0490 
 
 21 0.0480 
 
 22 0.0473 
 
 23 0.0465 
 
 24 0.0459 
 
 ( Schickendantz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 109. p. 
 
 116, and fig.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF GUAIACYL. Vid. Pyroguaiacic 
 Acid. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF terlooAcETYL. Insoluble in 
 (lodal.) water. Soluble in alcohol, and wood- 
 spirit. (Aime.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF IOD()PIANYL. Vid. lodoMe- 
 conin. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF LATJRYL. Not isolated. 
 
 {Aldehyde of Laura Stearic Acid,) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF MESITYL. Vid. Mesitylene. 
 HYDRIDE OF METHYL. Soluble in 27 vols. of 
 
 (Light Carburetted Hydrogen, water. (Dalton, in his 
 
 ProtoCarburMed Hydrogen. N System, 2. 446.) 
 
 Marsh Gas. Furmene.) . , . y . 
 
 (; 2 n s i Soluble in various or- 
 
 HJ ganic liquids. (Gme- 
 
 lin's Handbook.) Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in water, concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, bromine, or a chlorhydric acid solution of 
 dichloride of copper, although more soluble than 
 either hydrogen or carbonic oxide [excepting as 
 regards the dichloride of copper]. Somewhat 
 soluble in alcohol. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 51. 66.) 
 
 1 vol. of water, under 
 
 a pressure of 0.">76 of 
 
 mercury, at C. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 Dissolves of hydride of 
 methyl(light carburetud 
 hydrogen sas), vols , re- 
 duced to 0C. and 0."76 
 pressure of mercury. 
 
 . . 0.05449 
 0.05332 
 0.05217 
 0.05104 
 0.04993 
 0.04885 
 0.04778 
 0.04674 
 0.04571 
 0.04470 
 0.04372 
 0.04275 
 0.04180 
 0.04088 
 0.03997 
 0.03909 
 0.03823 
 0.03739 
 0.03657 
 0.03577 
 
 20 0.03499 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 288, 128, 148.) 
 
 1 vol. of alcohol, un- 
 der a pressure of Om.76 
 of mercury, at C. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Dissolves of hydride of 
 methyl (lisht carburetted 
 hydrogen gas), vols., re- 
 duced to 0C. anH 0i.76 
 pressure of mercury. 
 
 . . 0.52259 
 0.51973 
 0.51691 
 0.51412 
 0.51135 
 050861 
 0.50590 
 0.50322 
 0.50057 
 0.49795 
 0.49535 
 0.49278 
 0.49024 
 0.48773 
 0.48525 
 0.48280 
 0.48037 
 0.47798 
 0.47561 
 0.47327 
 0.47096 
 0.46867 
 0.46642 
 0.46419 
 
 .24 0.46199 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 288, 128, 149.) 
 Insoluble in caoutchin. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF METHYL&TO)/, etc. Vid. Hydride 
 of Bromo(e<c.)Methyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF NITROBENZOYL. Sparingly sol- 
 (NitroBenzaldid.) u ble in cold, tol- 
 
 C U H 6 N0 8 = c u FI * ( N } 0| 1 erably easily solu- 
 ble in boiling wa- 
 ter, Readily soluble in alcohol, especially when 
 this is warm. Tolerably soluble in ether. Easily 
 soluble, without decomposition, in chlorhydric, 
 
HYDRIDES. 
 
 305 
 
 sulphuric, and nitric acids. Its solubility in water 
 is not augmented by the addition of alkaline car- 
 bonates, but the caustic alkalies dissolve it readily 
 with decomposition. (Bertagnini, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phi/s., (3 ) 33. 468.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF terNiTRoMETHYL. Tolerably 
 (Nitroform. Hydride readily soluble in water. 
 of Methyltrinitre.) ( SchischkofF, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 C 2 (N0 4 )aj Pharm., 103. 364.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF ZerNiTRoMsTHYL with AMMO- 
 NIA. Vid. terNitroMethylide of Ammonium. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF NITR()PIANYL. Vid. NitroMe- 
 conin. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF NITROPHENYL. Almost insoluble 
 
 (NitroBenzin(e'). NitroBenzol. i" water. Soluble in 
 NitroBenzene. NitroBenzid, all proportions in al- 
 NitroBenzinase. Essence de cohol and ether> Ea . 
 
 Mtrbane.) .. , , 
 
 r H cnciM sily soluble in con- 
 C u H E (N 4 ) = c " H < < N {j j cenmite( i su ip huriC) 
 
 and nitric acids, es- 
 pecially when these are warm. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF 6NiTRoPHENYL Insoluble in 
 
 ( BiNitro Benzin. Bi NitroBenzol. water Very read- 
 
 Sassr "-**- 
 
 e - ) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF NITROSALICYL. Sparingly solu- 
 (SpiroiiicAdd.) ble in water. Very 
 
 C 14 II 6 N O g = C u H 4 (N 4 ) 4 , H soluble in alcohol, 
 arid ether. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF NixRoScLpnoBENzoYL. Insol- 
 
 ( Sulphide of NitroBenzylene. uble in Water, 
 
 Hyilrtire de Sulpha Benzoil- even boilinf. In- 
 
 nitre. Hydrure de Benzoile soluble in^alco- 
 
 mtrosulfuri.) , . 
 
 r w civ n ^ ? ) nol. or ether. 
 
 C M H 5 N 4 S 2 = C H * ( N 4> S| \ Sol ' uble) without 
 
 decomposition, 
 
 in warm, or even in cold, sulphuric acid from 
 which water precipitates it. Decomposed by nitric 
 acid. Soluble in an alcoholic solution of caustic 
 potash, from which it is precipitated by water. 
 (Bertagnini.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF NITROTOLUENYL. Insoluble in 
 (Nitro Toluene. Nitro Toluol. water. Very read- 
 NitroBenzoene. Nitro Benzoenase. :i so l u Kl e ' : a l oo . 
 
 i, and ether. Sol- 
 
 in an aqueous 
 H. 
 
 Nitro Dracyt . Nitro Toluide . 
 NitroTole.) 
 
 i ,\i n ^ c u HO ( N 4) I 
 C 14 H 7 (N 4 ) = H j 
 
 potash, with decom- 
 
 position (Deville) ; more readily soluble in an 
 alcoholic solution of caustic potash. (Ritthau- 
 sen.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF 6/NiTRoToLUENYL. Sparingly 
 
 (BiNitro Toluene. BiNitro Toluol. soluble in water' 
 BiNitroBenzoene NUroBenzoenese.) 
 
 "=| lated with nitric 
 acid. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol ; and in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash, with decomposition. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF OCTYL. 
 
 (Hydride of Capryl.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF (ENANTHYL. 
 
 ( (Enantliol. (Enant/ial. (Enanthylic Aldehyde.) 
 a= C 14 H 13 0,j Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 H ' Soluble in all proportions in alco- 
 
 hol, and ether. 
 
 It combines with concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 forming a copulate acid, the baryta, lead, and lime 
 salts of which are soluble. (Bouis.) 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 39 
 
 C i4 HU O a ) H alcohol, and in acetic acid. (Bus- 
 H ' sy & Lecanu.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF OPIANYL. Vid. Meconin. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF PALMITYL. Soluble in alcohol, 
 (Cetylic Jlldeliyde.) an d ether. 
 
 C 33 H 32 2 = C x H 31 2 , H 
 
 HYDRIDE OF PELARGYL. Not isolated. 
 
 ^18 H 17 2 I 
 
 HYDRIDE OF PHENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Benzin(e). Benzol. Benzon. (Regnault.) Very 
 Benzene. Phene. BiCarburet 8paring l y soluble in 
 
 of Hiidrogen.) /-, i- i \ 
 
 C,H ) water. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 Ci 2 n = 12 j|J More readily soluble 
 
 in alcohol than most 
 
 of the other hydrocarbons ; from this solution it is 
 precipitated by water. Soluble in wood-spirit. 
 Very sparingly soluble in ether. Readily soluble 
 in acetone. (Mansfield.) Insoluble in very di- 
 lute alcohol. Benzin dissolves the fatty and essen- 
 tial oils, wax, caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and small 
 quantities of sulphur, phosphorus, and iodine. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Vid. Phosphu- 
 retted Hydrogen [No. I.(solid)]. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF PROPIONYL. Miscible in all 
 
 (Propiomc, , or Propylic, Aldehyde, proportions with 
 Isomeric with Acetone, Propylal, water> alcohol, and 
 
 and Hydrate of Ally I.) 
 
 ether. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF PROPYL. Very sparingly solu- 
 (Hydride of THtyl.) ble in water, bromine, con- 
 
 C 6 H 8 
 
 c X jj | 
 
 centrated sulphuric acid, or a 
 chlorhydric acid solution of 
 dichloride of copper. Extremely soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 51. 70.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF RUTYL. Soluble in cold concen- 
 (Capric Aldehyde. Caprol. trated sulphuric acid, 
 
 OH of Rue Hydrate of Rutoyl.) f rom which it is pre- 
 C2 lll9< y( cipitated by water. 
 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of 
 alcohol, of 0.85 sp. gr. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SALICYL. Vid. Salicylous Acid. 
 HYDRIDE OF SUBERYL. 
 
 (Suberone.) 
 b 14 H 12 2 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SULPHACETYL. Sparingly sol- 
 (Acetyl (or Acetylic) Mercaptan. uble in water. Sol- 
 Sulph Aldehyde. Sulphydrate of u ^\ e ; n alcohol, and 
 
 A^(0 4 H 3 ).) ether soluble in 
 
 * s ll ^ concentrated sulphu- 
 
 ric acid, from which 
 
 it is precipitated by water. Unacted upon by so- 
 lutions of caustic potash or ammonia. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SDLPHACETYL with NITRATE 
 
 3 C 4 H 4 S 2 ; 2 (Ag 0, N 6 ) OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 
 water ; the solution un- 
 
 dergoing decomposition when evaporated. Sol- 
 uble in boiling, less soluble in cold, absolute alco- 
 hol ; more readily soluble in dilute spirit. (Wei- 
 denbusch.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SULPHACETYL with SULPHY- 
 
 6C 4 H 4 S 2 ,2HS DRic ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 
 in water. Very soluble in alco- 
 
 hol, and ether. Miscible with the fatty and vola- 
 
 tile oils. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SULPHANISYL. Insoluble, or 
 (SulphAnisylous Acid, but sparingly soluble, in alco- 
 Thianisioi) hoL (Cahours.) 
 
 ^16 UT U 2 2 C 
 " 3 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SULPHAZOBENZOYL. Very 
 (T/tioBemaldin.') abundantly soluble in cold alco- 
 C 42 H 18 N 84 > no i Slowly decomposed by boil- 
 
 H ) 
 
306 
 
 HYDROGEN. 
 
 jng with alcohol. Soluble in 20 @ 30 pts. of boil- 
 ing ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SULPHOBENZOYL. Insoluble in 
 (Sulphide of Ktilbene.) water, or alcohol. Decom- 
 (Isomeric not identical d b boil ; ng with hy . 
 
 with Sulphide of Benzol* ' , J . , , e o 
 
 (Gerhardt.)] drated alcohol. Sparingly 
 
 C 14 H 5 S, ) soluble in ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 H > 
 
 HYDRIDE OF Sui/PHoBENZOYLmYre. Vid. 
 Hydride of NitroSulphoBenzoyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SCLPHOCINNAMYL. 
 
 (Thiocinnol.) 
 C 18 H 8 S 2 
 
 HYDRIDE OF SuLPHoCuMYL. 
 
 (Sulpha Cumol.) 
 C 20 H 12 
 
 2 2 
 
 HYDRIDE or SuLPHoCYANoBENzoYL. Insol- 
 (Sulpho Cyanide ofBenzoyl. uble in water. Sol- 
 SulphoCarbonylBtnzoicyla.mid.') 
 
 2 
 
 C 16 H 5 N S 2 = N 
 
 c 
 
 ( 
 C 
 
 ) 
 
 sition, in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Quadrat.) 
 HYDRIDE OF SULPHOSALICYL. 
 
 Thio Salicol.') 
 H fl 2 S 2 
 
 HYDRIDE OF TETRYL. Vid. Hydride of Bu- 
 tyl. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF THYMYL. Vid. Cymene. 
 
 HYDRIDE OF TOLUENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Toluene. Toluol. Hydride of Sparingly soluble in 
 
 Tolyl. Retinaphtha. Dracyl. a l co h o l ; more soluble 
 Benzaene. Heptacarbure qua- . thr /Qlpnard & 
 drihydrique(of Courbe).) 1? et " er ; I*** 
 
 C 14 H, ? Boudault ; Deville.) 
 
 ^14^8= ri$ Soluble in fixed and 
 
 volatile oils. (Pelletier & Walter; Glenard & 
 Boudault.) 
 HYDRIDE OF TRITYL. Vid. Hydride of Pro- 
 
 py 1 - 
 
 HYDRIDE OF VALERYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Valeral. Valeraldide. Valerianic Soluble in all 
 Jlldehyde. Myaldid. JlmyUlldehyde.') proportions in 
 Cm H 10 2 = Cl Hfl ^ ( alcohol, ether, 
 
 and the volatile 
 
 oils. (Chancel.) Miscible with oil of vitriol. 
 (Gaul tier de Claubry.) 
 
 HYDRIDE OF XYLYL. Vid. Xylene. 
 
 HYDRINDIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 CM HJJ N 4 O g + 2 Aq soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 in cold alcohol. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated unchanged on the addition of water. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 HYDRINDIN with POTASH. Decomposed by 
 CM H 21 K N 4 8 + 6 Aq much water. Soluble in 
 boiling alcohol, from which 
 
 it is precipitated on the addition of a small quan- 
 tity of water. (Laurent.) 
 
 HYDRIODIC ACID. Vid. lodhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDRIODIC ETHER. Vid. Iodide of Ethyl. 
 
 HYDROALOETATE OF TlN. 
 C 14 H 4 Sn s N 2 17 
 
 HYDROBENZAMID. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 (HydrideofJizoBenzoyl. sily soluble in hot alco- 
 Nitride of Picramyl. hol an( j et ] ler . The 
 
 TriBe^cymarmn ) a l coho l ic so l u tion is de- 
 
 P tr iw _ w ) ( 14 5 ' 8 j u 
 
 ^u MIS 1N 2 "2 ^ H S composed by long-con- 
 
 tinued boiling. Decom- 
 posed by acids. (Laurent.) 
 
 HYDRoBENZAMiDnz'frtf. Vid. terNitroHydro- 
 Benzamid. 
 
 HYDROBENZIL. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 C M H 12 2 soluble in alcohol, and ether. Easily 
 soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 
 from which it is precipitated unchanged on flic 
 addition of water. Soluble in an alcoholic solu- 
 tion of potash. (Zinin.) 
 
 HYDROBROMIC ACID. Vid. Bromhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROBROMIC ETHER. Vid. Bromide of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 HYDROBRYORETIN. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 42 H S7 16 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 HYDROCARBIDE OF BROMINE. Vid. Iodide of 
 
 iz'BromoMethyl. 
 
 HYDROCAROTIN. Insoluble in water. Abun- 
 c s H ao 2 dantly soluble in boiling alcohol. More 
 soluble in ether, bisulphide of carbon, 
 benzin, essential oils, and chloroform than in alco- 
 hol. Also soluble in fatty oils, even in the cold. 
 After having been melted it is much less soluble 
 in benzin, and especially in bisulphide of carbon, 
 than when in the crystalline state. This amor- 
 phous modification is, however, about as soluble 
 as the crystalline in alcohol, and ether. (Huse- 
 mann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 117. pp. 206, 
 203.) 
 
 HYDROCHINONE. Vid. HydroKinone. 
 
 HYDROCHLORIC ACID. Vid. Chlorhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROCHRYSAMID. Insoluble in boiling wa- 
 
 (Isomeric with Nitru Beniamid.) ter. Spar- 
 
 C 14 H 6 (N 4 ) N 2 = N \ * H * < N Ol) a ingly soluble 
 
 in boiling al- 
 
 cohol. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash, less soluble in a cold solution. 
 Also soluble in solutions of the alkaline carbo- 
 nates. (Schunck.) 
 
 HYDROCINNAMID. Vid. CinnamylHydramid. 
 
 HYDROCYANALDIN. Tolerably soluble in boil- 
 
 C 18 H 12 N 4 ing, sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in ether. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 91. 350.) 
 
 HYDROCYANHARMALIN. Vid. Cyanhydrate 
 of Harmalin. 
 
 HYDROCYANIC ACID. Vid. Cyanhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROCYANIC ETHER. Vid. Cyanide of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 HYDRoCYANoNiTRoILvRMAtiN. Vid. Cyan- 
 hydrate of NitroHarmalin. 
 
 HYDRoFERRoCYANic ACID. Vid. FerroCy- 
 anhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROFLUORIC ACID. Vid. Fluorhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROGEN. Almost entirely insoluble in all 
 H known solvents. (Berthelot.) Soluble in 150 
 pts. of water. 1 vol. of water absorbs 0.016 
 vol. of hydrogen at the ordinary temperature. 
 
 Recently boiled water absorbs 1.53% of it. 
 (Henry, Phil. Trans., 1803, p. 274 [T.].) : 
 vols. of water at 18 absorb 4.6 vols. of it. 100 
 vols. of alcohol, of 0.84 sp. gr., at 18 absorb 5.1 
 vols. of it. (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. 
 PJtys., 1814,47. 167.) 
 
 1 vol. of 
 water, under 
 a pressure of 
 Om.76ofmer- 
 cury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves of 
 
 hydrogen gas, 
 
 vols., re- 
 
 duced to 0C. 
 
 and Om. 76 
 
 pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 At all temperatures ) Q 0193 o 
 
 from to 24 ( ' 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 286, 128, 145. 
 
HYDURILIC ACID. 
 
 307 
 
 1 vol. of 
 alcohol, under 
 a pressure of 
 O m .76ofmer- 
 cury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves of 
 hydrogen gas, 
 vols., re- 
 duced to 0C. 
 and (K76 
 pressure of 
 mercury. 
 
 0.06925 
 
 1 0.06910 
 
 2 0.06896 
 
 3 0.06881 
 
 4 0.06867 
 
 5 0.06853 
 
 6 0.06839 
 
 7 0.06826 
 
 8 0.06813 
 
 9 0.06799 
 
 10 0.06786 
 
 11 0.06774 
 
 12 0.06761 
 
 13 0.06749 
 
 14 0.06737 
 
 15 0.06725 
 
 16 0.06713 
 
 17 0.06701 
 
 18 0.06690 
 
 19 0.06679 
 
 20 0.06668 
 
 21 0.06657 
 
 22 0.06646 
 
 23 0.06636 
 
 24 0.06626 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 286, 128, 145.) 
 HYDROKINONE. Readily soluble in water, 
 
 (Hydrochinone. Hydroquinone. especially when this 
 Jlrctuvin. Colorless Hydrokinone. j g J IQ J. Readily Sol- 
 
 C " H " 4 e U the e r! n ( Wcehtar.) 
 
 GREEN HYDROKINONE. Vid. Hydrokinone 
 with Kinone. 
 
 HYDRoKiNONE6roffz^e(ete.) Vid. Bromo(efc.) 
 HydroKinone.) 
 
 HYDROKINONE with KINONE. Sparingly sol- 
 (GreenHydrokinone.) uble in cold, more soluble in 
 C 12 H 6 4 ; C 12 H 4 O 4 warm water. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. Solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. (Wcehler.) 
 
 HYDROLEIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 HYDROMARGARITIC ACID[" Mixture ! "(Ger- 
 hardt)]. Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 HYDROMELLONE. Vid. Mellonhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROQUINONE. Vid. HydroKinone. 
 
 HYDROQuiNONEcAfor^e, etc. Vid. Chlor(e(c.)- 
 HydroKinone. 
 
 HYDROSELENIC ACID. Vid. Selenhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROSELENIC ETHER. Vid. Selenide of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 HYDRoSELENoCYANic ACID. Vid. Selenio- 
 Cyanhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROSULPHATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Sulphy- 
 
 drate of Ethyl. 
 
 jBz'HYDROSuLPHATE OF LlTHIA. Vid. Sul- 
 
 phydrate of Lithium. 
 
 HYDROSULPHATE OF METHYLENE. Vid. 
 protoSulphide of Methyl. 
 
 HYDRoSuLPHiTE OF AMMONIA. Vid. penta- 
 Sulphide of Ammonium. 
 
 IlYDROSULPHOCYANIC AdD. Vid. Sulpho- 
 
 Cyanhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROperSuLPHoCYANic ACID. Vid. per- 
 SulphoCyanhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDROSULPIIOMELLONIC ACID. Vid. Sul- 
 
 phoMellonic Acid. 
 
 HYDROSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. Sulphydric 
 Acid. 
 
 HYDROSULPHURIC ETHER. Vid. Sulphide of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 HYDROSULPHURICMETHYLETHER. Vid. proto- 
 
 Sulphide of Methyl. 
 
 HYDROSULPHUROUS ACID. Vid. perSulphide 
 of Hydrogen. 
 
 HYDROTELLURIC ETHER. Vid. Telluride of 
 Ethyl. 
 
 HYDROTHIO CYANIC ACID. Scarcely soluble in 
 
 ( Tltio Cyanhydric Acid.) 1 000 ptS. of Cold 
 
 C 10 H a S M N 6 O, = C 10 H 4 S 12 N 5) 2 H O water ; but dis- 
 solves in 42 pts. 
 
 of boiling water. Soluble in 25 pts. of cold, and 
 in 7 pts. of boiling alcohol (Parnell) ; in 500 pts. 
 of alcohol. (Vcelckel.) Water precipitates it 
 from the concentrated alcoholic solution. About 
 as soluble in wood-spirit as in alcohol. Soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it is 
 precipitated unchanged on the addition of water. 
 Also slightly soluble in chlorhydric acid. Easily 
 soluble in solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Par~- 
 nell.) 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF BARYTA. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 HYDRoTnioCrANATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 HYDRO TnioCrANATE of protoxide OP MER- 
 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF MANGANESE. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF NICKEL. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE of protoxide OF PLATI- 
 NUM. Ppt. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF POTASH. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF SILVER. Insoluble 
 in water or ammonia- water. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 HYDROTHIOCYANATE OF ZINC. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 HYDRoTnioMELLON. Vid. SulphoMellonic 
 Acid. 
 
 HYDROTHIOSULPHOCYANIC AdD. Vid. Sul- 
 
 phoCarbamic Acid. 
 
 HYDRoTmoSuLPHoPRUSSic ACID. Vid. Sul- 
 phoCarbamic Acid. 
 
 HYDRO-XALIC ACID. Vid. Saccharic Acid. 
 
 HYDROXANTHIC ACID. Vid. joerSulphoCy- 
 anhydric Acid. 
 
 HYDRURET OF X. Vid. Hydride of X. 
 
 HYDURILIC Acio(of Schlieper). [Laurent 
 C 13 H B N 3 O n ? doubts its existence.) Nearly insol- 
 uble in cold, sparingly and slowly 
 
308 
 
 HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. 
 
 8 oluble in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. Sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid. (Schlieper.) 
 
 HYDURALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) C,, H s (N H 4 ) 2 N 3 O u Tolerably soluble in 
 water. Very easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in dilute acids. 
 
 HYDURALATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 HYDURALATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 12 H 3 Ag 2 N 3 O n 
 
 HYDURALATE OF SODA. 
 
 HYOCHOLALIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 Cgo H 40 O 8 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 HYOCHOLALATE OF BARYTA. 
 C M H 39 Ba 8 
 
 HYOCHOLIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (Hyoglycocholic Acid.) water. Easily soluble in al- 
 C H H^ N O ]0 cohol, in cold concentrated 
 
 sulphuric and nitric acids, 
 without change, and in alkaline solutions. Insol- 
 uble in ether. 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 
 C M H 42 (NH 4 )N0 10 +Aq water. Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in concentrated 
 
 aqueous solutions of the ammoniacal salts. Its 
 solutions are decomposed on ebullition. 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF BARYTA. Slightly soluble in 
 CH 42 Ba N 0,o + Aq cold, tolerably soluble in hot 
 water. Very soluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF LEAD. Slightly soluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in spirit, from which it is 
 precipitated by ether. 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 C M H 42 Ca N 10 + Aq water. Very soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 C M H 42 K N 10 + Aq and in absolute alcohol; less 
 soluble in ether. [Insoluble 
 in a solution of sulphate of potash ?] 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly sol- 
 C M HU Ag N 10 uble in water. Tolerably easily 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 HYOCHOLATE OF SODA. Permanent. Easily 
 C M H 4 , NaN0 10 -r-Aq soluble in water and in ab- 
 solute alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. [Insoluble in a solution of sulphate of 
 soda?] (Strecker, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22. 
 42.) It is precipitated from the aqueous solution 
 on the addition of soda salts. 
 
 HYODYSLYSIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 CM Hag 6 soluble in boiling alcohol. Tolerably 
 soluble in ether. Insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash or ammonia. 
 
 HYOSCYAMiN(from Hyoscyamm niger, etc.). Per- 
 manent. Tolerably soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in 500 pis. of cold water ; the saturated 
 solution containing 0.2% of it. Readily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in olive-oil. It is 
 easily decomposed when in solution. Decom- 
 posed by warm mineral acids. Its salts are solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 HYPER. See per, as prefix, under the generic 
 name of the substance sought for. 
 
 HYPER!ODIC ACID. Vid. Periodic Acid. 
 
 HYPEROxYMuRiATic ACID. Vid. Chloric 
 Acid. 
 
 HYPERSPIROILIC ACID. Vid. Salicylic Acid. 
 
 HYPOANTIMONIOUS ACID. Vid. ierOxide of 
 Antimony. 
 
 HYPOANTIMONITE OF AMMONIA. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOANTIMONITE OF POTASH. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Somewhat soluble in a boiling 
 solution of caustic potash. (Berzelius.) Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in 425 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Brandes.) More soluble in dilute than 
 in a strong solution of caustic potash. 
 
 HYPOANTIMONITE OF SODA. Water dissolves 
 out most of the soda. 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLOUS ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 C 14 H 6 2 i (?) Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLITE OF BARYTA. Ppfc. 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLITE of sesquioxide OF IRON Ppt. 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLITE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 14 H B Pb 2i 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLITE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLITE OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLITE OF POTASH. 
 
 HYPOBENZOYLITE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 HYPOBROMOUS ACID. 
 
 HYPOBROMITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 HYPOBROMITE OF LIME. 
 
 HYPOBROMITE OF MAGNESIA. Known only 
 in solution. 
 
 HYPOBROMITE OF POTASH. 
 
 HYPOBROMITE OF SILVER. 
 
 HYPOBROMITE OF SODA. 
 
 HYPOBROMITE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 HYPOCHLORIC ACID. 1 vol. of water absorbs 
 ( Chloric oxide. Oxide of Ohio- 20 vols. of the gas at 
 rine. perOiide of Chlorine.) ^ t^y error " 49 " in 
 
 C10 Otto's Lehrbuch], at 
 
 a lower temperature the water freezes. When 
 water at 0is poured upon liquid hypochloric acid, 
 a solid hydrate is formed. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 7. 308.) Water absorbs more than 7 
 times its volume of the gas. (Stadion.) The 
 aqueous solution remains undecomposed in the 
 dark, but decomposes in a few hours when ex- 
 posed to direct sunlight, and in the course of a 
 few months by exposure to diffused daylight. 
 (Stadion ; Millon, loc. cit., p. 331.) 
 
 HYPOCHLORATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. (Soubeiran, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 48. 140.) 
 
 HYPOCHLORATE OF POTASH. Deliquesces in 
 moist air. 
 
 HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. 
 CIO 
 
 a = liquid. Slowly soluble in water. (Pelouze, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 180.) 
 /) = gas. 1 volume of water at dissolves at 
 least 200 vols. of the gas. Or, 100 pts. of water 
 dissolve 77.364 pts. of it, i. e. more than of its 
 weight. The aqueous solution is decomposed by 
 acids and alkalies, and by many other substances. 
 (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.') 7. pp. 183, 184.) 
 Water absorbs it very quickly, probably taking up 
 more than 100 volumes. (Balard.) Balard pre- 
 pared the gas by adding dry nitrate of lime to the 
 aqueous solution, but according to Gay-Lussac 
 (Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 278) this process yields 
 an impure product. Very soluble in water, the 
 statement of Balard that 1 vol. of water can dis- 
 1 solve more than 100 vols. of it being probably 
 
HYPOPHOSPHITES. 
 
 309 
 
 correct. Although when in aqueous solution it is 
 more stable than when in the gaseous state, the 
 solution, nevertheless, gradually undergoes decom- 
 position. This decomposition is much more rapid 
 in sunlight, especially when the solution is concen- 
 trated. The concentrated aqueous solution is 
 lso decomposed when heated on a boiling water 
 liath, but with more dilute solutions the decom- 
 position is less marked. (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 5. 281.) 
 
 The hypochlorites are very instable compounds, 
 undergoing decomposition even in the cold. At 
 the temperature of boiling water the decompo- 
 sition is rapid. (Gay-Lussac, Ibid., pp. 291, 299.) 
 
 HTPOCHLORITE OF AMMONIA. Known only 
 in solution. 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF BARYTA. Known only in 
 solution. , 
 
 HTPOCHLORITE OF COPPER. Known only in 
 solution. (Balard.) 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF LEAD. Known only in 
 Pb 0, Cl aqueous solution, and this soon un- 
 dergoes decomposition. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF LIME. Soluble in water, 
 Ca 0, 01 the solution undergoing decomposition 
 on boiling. 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF MAGNESIA. Known only 
 in solution. 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF POTASH. Known only in 
 K 0, Cl solution. 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF SILVER. 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE OF ZINC. Known only in 
 solution. 
 
 HYPOCHLOROStJLPHTJRIC COMPOUND OF MlL- 
 
 S,0 3 C1 2 LO N. Vid. OxyChloride of Sulphur. 
 
 HYPOCYANIC ACID. Vid. Cyamelid. 
 
 HYPOGEIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 C S2 HSO 4 = C 33 Hj, O s , H O ily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Goessmann 
 & Scheven, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 232.) 
 
 HYPOGEATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) G'ajHjoBaOi Soluble in hot, very sparingly 
 soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in hot alcohol. (G. & S., 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 HYPOGEATE OF COPPER. Tolerably soluble 
 C 8J H 29 Cu 4 in alcohol. (G. & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 HYPOGEATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 82 H 29 (C 4 H B ) 4 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (G. &S., loc. cit.) 
 HYPOGEATE OF LEAD. Soluble in ether. (G. 
 
 & S., loc. cit.) 
 
 HYPOHYDROSULPHITE OF AMMONIA. Vid. 
 
 of Ammonium. 
 
 AcioC?)(of Millon). Perma- 
 I S 19 nent Slowly decomposed by cold water; 
 otherwise its comportment with solvents 
 resembles that of hypoiodic acid, q. v. (Millon, 
 Ann. Ch.et. Phys., (3.) 12. 359.) 
 
 HYPO!ODIC ACID. Permanent. Insoluble in 
 I 4 cold, rapidly decomposed by boiling water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. Insoluble in cold, solu- 
 ble, with combination, in warm concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid ; the resulting compound (I O 4 , 2 S 8 , 
 H 0) separates out as the solution cools. De- 
 composed by solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 356.) 
 
 HYPoNiTRic ACID. (Regarded by most as a 
 N 4 mixture of Nitric and Nitrous acids.) De- 
 composed by much water ; when treated 
 with a smaller quantity of water some hyponitric 
 acid remains undecomposed. Soluble in" concen- 
 trated nitric acid. 
 
 HYPONlTRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) di. Soluble in 85 pts. of cold water (Bro- 
 
 2PbO, N 4 + Aq meis) ; in 80 pts. of water at 
 
 25, and in 10.6 pts. of boiling 
 
 water. (Chevreul.) Soluble in cold strong acetic 
 
 acid. 
 
 II.) tetra. Soluble in 1250 pts. of cold, and in 
 4 Pb 0, N 4 + 2 Aq 34 pts. of boiling water. (Pe- 
 ligot.) 
 
 HYPoNiTRoMECONic ACID. Vid. Meconin- 
 HypoNitric Acid. 
 
 HYPoNiTRons ACID. Vid. Nitrous Acid. 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHOROUS AciD(hydrated). Very 
 P + 3 H soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Most of the salts of hypophospho- 
 rous acid are permanent when dry (H. Rose), 
 those of the alkalies are very deliquescent. (A. 
 Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 37.) They are 
 all soluble in water, and several are soluble in 
 alcohol also. (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF ALUMINA. Permanent. 
 2 A1 2 3 , 3 H 0, 3 P Soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. 
 
 N H 4 0, 2 H O, P Very soluble in water and in 
 
 absolute alcohol. (Dulong.) 
 
 Less deliquescent than the potash salt. (Wurtz, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 193.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF BARYTA. Permanent. 
 Ba 0, 2 H 0, P + Aq Soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (H. Rose.) 
 Soluble in 3.5 pts. of cold, and in 3 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. Insoluble in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 40.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF CADMIUM. Very soluble 
 Cd 0,2 H 0, P in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF CADMIUM & OF LIME. 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF CHROMIUM. Soluble in 
 Cr 2 O 3 , 3 H 0, 2 P + 4 Aq water. ( A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 16. 196.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF COBALT. Effloresces in 
 Co 0, 2 H 0, P -|- 6 Aq dry air. Very easily sol- 
 uble in water. ( H. Rose.) 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF COBALT & OF LIME. 
 2 (Ca 0, 2 H 0, P 0) ; Co 0. 2 H 0, P + 2 Aq Deli- 
 ques- 
 cent. Soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF COPPER. Soluble in wa- 
 CuO, 2 H 0, PO ter ; the solution is readily de- 
 composed. (A. Wurtz, loc. cit., 
 199.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF GLUCINA. Soluble in 
 GI 2 S , PO water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE of protoxide OF IRON. Solu- 
 Fe 0, 2 H 0, P + 6 Aq ble in water. 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE of sesquioxide OF IRON. When 
 2 Fe 2 O g , 3 H 0, 3 P gelatinous it is somewhat, 
 though difficultly, soluble in 
 water. When boiled with water it is decomposed 
 to the soluble salt of the protoxide, and to an 
 insoluble basic salt of the sesquioxide. Sparingly 
 soluble in hypophosphorous acid. 
 
 Freely soluble in chlorhydric, and hypophos- 
 phous acids. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 501.) 
 
310 
 
 HYrOSULPHATES. 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE of sesquioxide OF IKON & OF 
 LIME. Soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPO PHOSPHITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Pb 0, 2 H 0, PO Difficultly soluble in cold, 
 easily soluble in hot water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 7. 43.) 
 
 II.) basic(of H. Rose) was tn'Phosphite of Lead, 
 q. v, (A. Wurtz, loc, cit., p. 44.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF LIME. Permanent. Sol- 
 Ca 0, 2 H 0, P uble in 6 pts. of cold water ; not 
 much more soluble in hot water. 
 (H. Rose; Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 38.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol of 0.835 sp. gr., and but 
 slightly soluble in dilute alcohol. 
 
 HYPO PHOSPHITE OF MAGNESIA. Efflorescent. 
 M" 0, 2 H 0. P + 6 Aq Easily soluble iii water. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF MANGANESE. Perma- 
 MnO, 2HO.PO +Aq nent. Very soluble in wa- 
 ter. (H. Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF NICKEL. Efflorescent. 
 Ni 0, 2 H 0, P + 6 Aq Easily soluble in water. ( H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF POTASH. More deliques- 
 KO,2HO,PO cent than chloride of calcium. Very 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Du- 
 long.) Abundantly soluble in alcohol. (Gmelin.) 
 Very deliquescent. Very soluble in water and 
 in weak alcohol ; less soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch.et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 192.) 
 
 The aqueous solution gradually absorbs oxygen 
 when exposed to the air, phosphorous acid being 
 formed. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 
 37.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF QUININE. Soluble in 60 
 pts. of water at 1 5.5. Very soluble in hot water. 
 (Lawrence Smith, Parrish's Pharm., p. 502.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF SODA. Very deliques- 
 Na 0, 2 H 0, P cent, though less so than the pot- 
 ash-salt. Very soluble in water. 
 Very readily soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 The aqueous solution gradually absorbs oxygen 
 when exposed to the air, phosphorous acid being 
 formed. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 
 37.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF STKONTIA. Very solu- 
 Sr 0, 2 HO, PO ble in water. (Dulong.) Perma- 
 nent. Very soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 194.) 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF SULPHIDE OF MERCURY. 
 Hg S, P S Vid. HypoSulphoPhosphite of Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 HYPOPHOSPHITE OF ZINC. Very easily solu- 
 ZnO, 2 HO, PO +Aq ble in water. 
 
 It occurs as octahedrons, 
 
 which are very efflorescent, and in rhombohedrons, 
 which are permanent. Soluble in water. (A. 
 Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 195.) 
 
 HYPOPICROTOXIC Acio(from the husks of 
 
 C 22 H 1S O 8 Cocculus-grains). Insoluble in water, 
 
 even when this is boiling. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Readily soluble in 
 
 alkaline solutions. (Pelletier & Courbe.) 
 
 HYPoSuLpnAMYLic ACID. Vid. AmylSul- 
 pburous Acid. 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENIOUS ACID. Vid. 6iSul- 
 As S, phide of Arsenic. 
 
 HYPOSULPIIARSENITE OF AMMONIUM. Diffi' 
 
 cultly soluble in water. 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF BARIUM. Insoluble 
 
 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF CALCIUM. InSOlu- 
 
 Ca S, As S 2 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF CERIUM. Insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Partially soluble in water which con- 
 K S, As S 2 tains no sulpharseniate of potassium, a 
 basic salt (3 K S, As S^) being dis- 
 solved out. 
 
 II.) di. Completely insoluble in water. Solu- 
 2 K S, As S 2 ble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 201.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) mono, l Precisely similar to the correspond- 
 
 II.) di. > ing compounds of potassium. (Ber- 
 
 III.) tri. ) zelius.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF ZINC. 
 
 HYPOSULPHARSENITE OF ZIRCONIUM. Insol- 
 Zr 2 S 3 , 3 As S 2 uble in water. (Berzelins.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 monosulfure'. Vid. in'Thionic Acid. 
 bisu/furtf. Vid. te^raThionic Acid. 
 trisulfure'. Vid. pentoThionic Acid. 
 
 HYPOSULPHURIC ACID. Soluble in water. The 
 (DiTkionic Acid.) aqueous solution may be concen- 
 8 2 5 + x Aq trated until it is of 1.347 sp. gr., 
 
 but decomposes if it be further 
 evaporated. The dilute aqueous solution is also 
 decomposed by boiling. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 
 1826, 7. 66.) All the normal salts of hyposulphu- 
 ric acid are soluble in water (Ibid., p. 68), but 
 insoluble, or only sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Gmelin.) Like the solution of the acid, solutions 
 of several of the hyposulphates are decomposed 
 when boiled. (Heeren, Ibid., p. 66.) 
 
 HypoSuLPHATE OF ALUMINA. Soluble in wa- 
 A1 2 3 , 3 S 2 5 ter, but undergoes decomposition 
 when evaporated. (Heeren, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1826, 7. 180.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF AMMONIA. Permanent. 
 N H 4 0, S 2 O fl + Aq Soluble in 0.79 pt. of water at 
 16, with considerable reduc- 
 tion of temperature, insoluble in absolute alco- 
 hol. The aqueous solution is not decomposed by 
 boiling. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 7. 171.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF ARGENT&JAMIN. Soluble 
 (Ammonia Hypo Sulphate of Silver.) in wafer. (Ram- 
 N 2 1 H 6 . Ag 0, S 2 O s + Aq melsberg. ) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF BARYTA. 
 I.) Ba 0, S 2 O s + 2 Aq Permanent. Soluble in 
 7.17 pts. of water at 
 
 8.14 (Gay-Lussac); in 4.04 pts. at 18, and in 
 1.1 pts. of boiling-water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 7. 172.) 
 II.) BaO,S 2 O B + 4Aq Effloresces, losing half 
 its water of crystalliza- 
 tion. (Heeren, Ibid., p. 177.) 
 
 HYPoSuLPHATE OF CADMIUM. Quickly deli- 
 Cd 0, S 2 O s quesces in moist air. Easily soluble in 
 water. (Heeren, Ibid., p. 183.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF CADMIUM&I'AMIN. Decom- 
 
HYPOSULPHINDIGOTIC ACID. 
 
 311 
 
 (Ammo-nio Hypo Sulphate posed by alcohol. Soluble 
 
 in ammonia- water, but the 
 
 N 2 1 H 6 . Cd 0, S 2 5 solution is decomposed when 
 
 heated. 
 
 HTPOSULPHATE OF CESIUM. Permanent. 
 Ce 0, S 2 O s Soluble in water. ( Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 
 
 1826, 7. 181.) 
 
 HypoSuLPHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIOM. 
 Cr 2 3 , 3 S 2 B Soluble in water. (Berlin.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF CINCHONA. Almost as 
 difficultly soluble as the sulphate in cold water ; 
 more soluble in hot water. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 
 1826, 7. 193.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF COBALT. Permanent. 
 Co 0, S 2 B + 6 Aq Very easily soluble in water. 
 (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 7. 
 190.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly efflorescent in dry air. Ea- 
 Cu 0, S 2 5 + 4 Aq sily soluble in water. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Heeren, Pogg. 
 Ann., 7. 187.) 
 
 II.) tetra. Very difficultly soluble in water. 
 4 Cu 0, S 2 O 5 + 4 Aq (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 7. 188.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF CUPR(ZC)&ZAMIN. Perma- 
 (Ammonio Hypo Sulphate of Copper.) nen t. Rather dif- 
 NZ | H 6 . Cu 0, S 2 B ficultly soluble in 
 
 cold water. (Hee- 
 ren, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 7. 189.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ex- 
 Fe 0, S 2 6 -J- 5 Aq ceedingly easily soluble in wa- 
 ter ; the solution being decom- 
 posed by boiling. Insoluble in alcohol. (Heeren, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1826, 7. 181.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 1.) normal. Soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Fe 2 3 , 3S 2 5 Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Ea- 
 8 Fe 2 3 , S 3 5 + 20 Aq sily soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 
 1826, 7. 182.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Very easily soluble in 
 Pb O, S 2 D + 4 Aq water. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 7. 
 183.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water; much more so than 
 2PbO, S 2 5 -l-2Aq No. III. (Heeren, Ibid., p. 
 186.) 
 
 III.) deca. Somewhat soluble in water. (Hee- 
 10 Pb 0, S 2 6 -f 25 Aq ren, Ibid., p. 1 86.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF LIME. Permanent. Sol- 
 CaO, S 2 O fi + 4Aq uble in 2.46 pts. of water at 19, 
 and in 0.8 pt. of boiling water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol, which only removes some of 
 its water of crystallization. (Heeren, Poag. Ann. 
 7. 179.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF LITHIA. Somewhat hy- 
 Li 0, S 2 5 + 2 Aq groscopic. Easily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Permanent. 
 Mg 0, Sj B 4- 6 Aq Soluble in 0.85 pt. of water at 
 13 ; the solution is not decom- 
 posed by boiling. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 7. 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF MANGANESE. Deliques- 
 MnO, S, 6 cent. Easily .soluble in water. (Wel- 
 ter & Gay-Lussac.) 
 HYPOSULPHATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 Hgj O, S 2 O s Sparingly soluble in cold, decomposed 
 by boiling water. Easily soluble in 
 nitric acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 I.) basic. Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 2 (Hg o, S 2 5 ) ; 3 Hg (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in 
 Ni 0, S 2 O s + 6 Aq water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF NiCKELferAMiN. Decom- 
 
 (Ammonio Hypo Sulphate of Nickel.) posed by water. 
 
 N a { H 9 . Ni 0, S 2 OB Soluble in warm, 
 
 less soluble in 
 
 cold ammonia-water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Sol- 
 K 0, S 2 B uble in 16.5 pts. of water at 16, and 
 in 1.58 pts. of boiling water.* (Hee- 
 ren, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 7. 72.) Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Heeren, Ibid.) Soluble in 2.65 pts. of 
 water at 16. Soluble in alcohol. (Dumas, Tr., 
 
 6. 219.)' 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF QUININE. Almost as dif- 
 ficultly soluble as the sulphate in cold water ; 
 more readily soluble in hot water. (Heeren, Pogq. 
 Ann., 1826, 7. 193.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF SILVER. Permanent. 
 
 Ag 0, S 2 OB 2 Aq Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 
 
 16. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 7. 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF SODA. Permanent. Sol- 
 Na 0, S 2 Og + 2 Aq uble in 2.1 pts. of water at 16, 
 and in 1.1 pts. of boiling water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. When the hot aqueous 
 solution is cooled it is very liable to form a super- 
 saturated solution. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 
 
 7. pp. 76, 77.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF STRONTIA. Permanent. 
 
 SrO, S 2 6 + 4Aq Soluble in 4.5 pts. of water at 
 
 16, and in 1.5 pts. of boiling 
 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 
 
 7. 177.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE of protoxide OF TIN. Known 
 only in solution. (Bouquet.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF YTTRIA. Permanent. 
 Y 0, S 2 O s Soluble in water. (Berlin.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Very 
 ZnO, S 2 6 +6Aq soluble in water, the solution 
 undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 7. 183.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHATE OF ZINC&ZAMIN. Decomposed 
 
 (Ammonia Hypo Sulphite of Zinc.) by water. Soluble 
 N 2 5 H a . Zn 0, S 2 6 in warm, less solu- 
 
 ble in cold ammo- 
 nia-water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPoSuLpnETHYLic ACID. Vid. EthylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 HYPOSULPHINDIGOTIC ACID. Hygroscopic. 
 Readily soluble in water. Its alkaline salts are 
 soluble in alcohol of 0.84 sp. gr. 
 
 ' As with the other hyposulphates, this solubility was de- 
 termined by placing a known weight of the salt in a tared 
 flask with narrow throat, and dissolved in water; the solu- 
 tion obtained was then boiled down until crystals began to 
 separate, when the whole was allowed to cool. On now 
 weighing the flask and contents, the amount of water neces- 
 sary to dissolve the salt taken was obtained. The solution 
 being then lefi to itself in a cool place for about twelve 
 hours, a portion of it was filtered off, weighed, and evapo- 
 rated to dr.vness, and from the weight of the residue the 
 solubility of the salt for the lower temperature determined. 
 (tleeren, lot. cit., p. 72, note.) 
 
312 
 
 HYPOSULPHITES. 
 
 HYPoSuLPiilNDiGOTATE OF ALUMINA. Read- 
 ily soluble in water. 
 
 HYPOSULPHINDIGOTATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 HYPOSULPHINDIGOTATE OF BARYTA. Readily 
 soluble in pure water. 
 
 HYPOSDLPHlNDIGOTATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Slowly, but completely soluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 
 HYPOSULPHINDIGOTATE OF LlME. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 HYPOSULPHINDIGOTATE OF MAGNESIA.. Per- 
 manent Readily soluble in water, and alcohol. It 
 is not precipitated from the aqueous solution by 
 an excess of solution of a magnesia salt. 
 
 HYPOSULPHlNDIGOTATE OF POTASH. ) Readi- 
 HYPOSULPHlNDIGOTATE OF SODA. ( ly SOl- 
 
 uble in water, from which they are precipitated 
 on the addition of a very small quantity of sul- 
 phuric acid, and by solutions of various salts. 
 Soluble in alcohol of 0.84 sp. gr. 
 HYPOSULPHUROUS ACID. Not known in the 
 
 (Sulphuretted Sulphurous Acid. free State. All 
 
 Ditkionous Acid. Oxide of Sulphur.) fa e a lk a lj ne hy- 
 
 s a 2 posulphites are 
 
 soluble in water, the baryta salt, however, but 
 slightly. They are all insoluble, or but sparingly 
 soluble, in alcohol. 
 
 The hyposulphites, with one or two exceptions, 
 are easily soluble in water. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. 
 Journ., 1819,1. 10.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) NH 4 O, S S O 2 Exceedingly easily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble, or very 
 sparingly soluble, in alcohol. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm.,'96. 114.) 
 
 II.) 3 (N H 4 O, S 2 2 ) + Aq Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF LEAD. 
 2 (N H 4 O, 8. 2 ); Pb O, S 2 O 2 + 3 Aq Easily soluble 
 
 in cold water ; 
 
 but after a while a portion of the lead salt is de- 
 posited from the solution. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 N H 4 O, S 2 2 ; Mg O, S 2 O 2 + 6 Aq Very deliquescent. 
 
 Soluble m water. 
 
 (Kessler.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF MERCURY. 
 4 (N H. O, S 2 2 ); Hg O, S 2 O 2 + 2 Aq Soluble in cold, 
 
 decomposed by 
 boiling water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) N H 4 O, S 2 2 ; Ag O, S 2 O 2 (?) Extremely in- 
 soluble in wa- 
 ter. Readily and abundantly soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water, from which it is reprecipitated un- 
 changed on the addition of an acid. (Herschel, 
 Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 399.) 
 
 II.) 2 (N H 4 0, S 2 2 ) ; Ag 0, S 2 2 Very readily 
 
 soluble in 
 
 water; somewhat soluble in alcohol, although 
 precipitated thereby from the saturated aqueous 
 solution. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819,1. 
 398.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly 
 
 BaO, S 2 2 + Aq soluble in water; but soluble 
 in water containing an excess of 
 acid. (Dumas, 7V.) Less soluble in alcohol than 
 in water. (Rammelsberg.) Far from being in- 
 soluble in water. Insoluble, or very sparingly 
 soluble, in dilute alcohol. (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. 
 Ch.et P/n/s., (3.) 6.489.) Slightly, but percep- 
 tibly soluble in cold water. 1 pt. of it could not 
 be dissolved in 2000 pts. of water. But when the 
 solutions from which it is to be precipitated are 
 mixed in a somewhat dilute state, as in the case 
 of a solution containing J^ hyposulphite of lime, 
 some minutes elapse before any cloudiness com- 
 mences. Soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid with- 
 out decomposition, no sulphur being separated. 
 ( Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819,1. 20. ) Dilute 
 alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Sobrero & Selmi, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28. 
 211.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF BARYTA & OF GOLD. 
 Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Fordos & Gelis.) - 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF BARYTA & OF LEAD. In- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF BARYTA & OF MERCURY 
 (HgO). 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF BRUCIN. Soluble in 105 
 M $ n H n vi HO q n J-KAn pts. of cold water. 
 
 04 j ^46 H 26 <V > H U, 2 U 2 -f- O Aq VTT * 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF CADMIUM. Very easily 
 Cd 0, S 2 2 soluble in water, and alcohol. When 
 the solution is evaporated to a syrup, 
 decomposition occurs. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). 
 Rather difficultly soluble in water. Easily soluble 
 in spirit. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 82. 159.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF CINCHONIN. Soluble in 
 N 2 ( C 40 H 21 <>,, H 0, S 2 2 + Aq 205 pts. of cold, 
 more easily solu- 
 ble in hot water. (How.) Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold water. (Winkler.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF COBALT. Soluble in water. 
 Co 0, S 2 2 + 6 Aq ( Ram melsberg. ) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF CODEIN. Soluble in 18 
 
 N 5 ^ss H 20 GO", H 0, S 2 2 + 5 Aq P ts - of cold water > 
 
 ( H and still more 
 
 easily in hot water, and in alcohol. (How.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of dinoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) Cu 2 0, S 2 2 Soluble in water. (Herschel.) 
 
 II.) Cu 2 0,3S 2 2 -f 2Aq Soluble, with combina- 
 tion, in a warm aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of ammonium, (v. 
 Hauer.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of protoxide OF COPPER & OF 
 LEAD. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of dinoxide OF COPPER & din- 
 
 5 (Cu 2 0, S 2 2 ) 5 3 (Hg 2 0, S 2 2 ) oxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 Insoluble, or very 
 
 sparingly soluble in cold, decomposed by boiling 
 water. JRammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of dinoxide OF COPPER & OF 
 POTASH. 
 
 I.) Cu 2 0, S 2 2 ;KO, S 2 2 + 2Aq Difficultly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 Decomposed by boiling with water. Easily solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of hyposulphite of 
 potash. 
 
 II.) Cu 2 0, S 2 2 ; 3 (K 0, S s 2 ) + 3 Aq More sol- 
 uble m 
 
 water than No. I., and the solution is not decom- 
 posed by boiling. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
HYPOSULPHITES. 
 
 313 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of dinoxide OF COPPER & OF 
 I.) Cu 2 0, S 2 2 ; 3 (Na 0, S 2 2 ) + 2 Aq SODA. In- 
 soluble in 
 alcohol. (C. Lenz.) 
 
 II.) 3(CujO, S 2 2 ):2(NaO, S 3 2 ) + 5 Aq Spar- 
 ingly 
 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of hyposulphite of soda, and in ammonia- 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Lenz.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF ETHYLENE. Vid. Sul- 
 phite of Sulphide of Ethyl. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of protoxide OF GOLD & OF 
 Au 0, S 2 2 ; 3 (Na 0, S 2 2 ) + 4 Aq SODA. Very ea- 
 sily soluble in wa- 
 ter ; but the solution undergoes decomposition 
 when heated. Alcohol precipitates it from the 
 aqueous solution. (Fordos & Gelis.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of teroxide OF GOLD & OF 
 SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) 2 (Fe 0, 8 2 2 ) + 5 Aq Hygroscopic. Very 
 easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Kcene.) 
 
 II.) Insoluble even in boiling water; slowly 
 soluble in carbonic acid water. (A. Vogel.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LEAD. Very sparingly 
 PbO, S 2 2 soluble, requiring not less than 
 3266 pts. of water to prevent its pre- 
 cipitation. Somewhat soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the hyposulphites, especially of hyposul- 
 phite of ammonia. (Herschel, Edin. Phil, Journ., 
 1819, 1. 24.) Easily soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the alkaline hyposulphites. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LEAD & OF LIME. Par- 
 PbO, S 2 2 ;2(CaO, S 2 0.j)-l-4 Aq tially soluble, 
 
 with decomposi- 
 tion, in water. Insoluble in alcohol. ( Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LEAD & OF POTASH. Wa- 
 Pb 0, S 2 2 ; 2 (K 0, S 2 2 ) + 2 Aq ter dissolves out 
 
 the potash salt, 
 
 leaving the lead salt undissolved. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in a solution of hyposulphite of 
 potash. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LEAD & OF SILVER (?). 
 (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Jour.n., 1819, 1. 400.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LEAD & OF SODA. Spar- 
 PbO, S 2 2 ; 2 (Na 0, S 2 2 ) ingly soluble in water. 
 Freely soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of acetate and of hyposulphite of 
 soda. (Lenz.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LEAD & OF STRONTIA. 
 Soluble in water ; from which it is precipitated as a 
 syrup on the addition of alcohol. ( Rammelsberg. ) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LIME. Permanent. Very 
 Ca 0, S 2 2 + 6Aq soluble in water. Soluble in 
 about 1 pt. of water at 2.7, the 
 temperature falling to 0.5. The aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated at 10 is of 1.300 sp. gr. A solution 
 of 1.11437 sp. gr. at 15.5 contains 0.2081 of its 
 weight of the salt. The aqueous solution under- 
 goes decomposition when heated. Insoluble in 
 alcohol of 0.8234 sp. gr. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. 
 Journ., 1. 15.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LIME & of protoxide OF 
 MERCURY. Ppt. Slightly soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of hyposulphite of lime. (Herschel, 
 Edin. Phil. Journ., 1. 28.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LIME & OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) Ca 0, S s 2 ; Ag 0, S, 2 (?) Very difficultly 
 soluble in water. 
 40 
 
 Readily and abundantly soluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 400.) 
 
 II. ) 2 (Ca O, S 2 2 ) ; Ag 0, S 2 O 2 (?) Easily soluble 
 
 in water ; less 
 
 soluble in alcohol. After having been dried in 
 vacuo, it is no longer completely soluble in water. 
 (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 399.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF LITHIA. Readily soluble 
 in water. (Persoz, Chim. Mole~c., p. 197.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF MAGNESIA. Permanent. 
 Mg 0, S 2 2 + 6 Aq Very soluble in water, much 
 more readily in hot than in 
 cold. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 21.) 
 Alcohol precipitates it from concentrated aqueous 
 solutions. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF MAGNESIA & OF POT- 
 Mg 0, S 2 2 ; K 0, S 2 2 + 6 Aq ASH. Deliquescent. 
 Easily soluble in wa- 
 ter, though less so than hyposulphite of potash. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 
 Mn 0, S 2 2 water, from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of strong alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of protoxide OF MERCURY & 
 
 HgO, S 2 2 ; KO, S 2 3 OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 10 pts. of water at 15, and 
 
 in 0.5 pt. of boiling water. Alcohol precipitates it 
 
 from the aqueous solution. (Kirchoff.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of protoxide OF MERCURY & 
 Hg 0, S 2 2 ; Na 0, S 2 2 OF SODA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of protoxide OF MERCURY & OF 
 STRONTIA. Similar to the compound of mercury 
 and baryta. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF MORPHINE. Soluble in 
 N * %* H 18 6 H 0, S 2 2 + 4 Aq 32 pts. of water ; 
 
 and in 1050 pts. 
 of ordinary alcohol. (How.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF NICKEL. Permanent. Sol- 
 Ni 0, S 2 2 + 6 Aq uble in water ; more readily than 
 sulphite of nickel. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF NICKEL&Z'AMIN. Soluble 
 
 (Ammonia Hypo Sulphite of Nickel.) in ammonia-wa- 
 N 2 J H 6 . NiO, S 2 2 -f- 6 Aq ter. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) 3 (K 0, S 2 2 ) + Aq Very deliquescent. Ex- 
 ceedingly easily soluble 
 
 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Rammelsberg, 
 in Berzdius's Lehrb., 3. 121.) Very deliquescent. 
 Readily soluble in water. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. 
 Journ., 1. 19.) Insoluble in commercial acetate of 
 ethyl. (Casaseca, C. R., 1850, 30. 821.) 
 
 II.) 3 (K 0, S, 2 ) + 5 Aq Soluble in water, with 
 great reduction of tem- 
 perature. More soluble in water than No. I. 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF POTASH & OF SILVER. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. ( Herschel, Edin. Phil. 
 Journ., 1819, 1. pp. 27,398.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF QUININE. Soluble in 300 
 C> H N 2 4 , H 0, S 2 2 + 2 Aq pts. of cold water. 
 (How.) Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water. (Winkler.) Soluble 
 in warm, less soluble in cold alcohol. (Wetherill, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 66. 151.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF SILVER. Slightly soluble 
 Ag 0, S 2 2 in water. Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 
314 
 
 HYPOSULPHITES. 
 
 tions of the alkaline hyposulphites ; from which 
 solutions alcohol precipitates double salts. (Her- 
 schel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 26.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF SILVER & or SODA. 
 
 I.) Ag 0, SjO a ; Na 0, S 2 2 + 2 Aq Not very solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1. 398.) Slightly 
 soluble in water ; the solution being decomposed 
 by boiling. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 hyposulphite of soda, and in ammonia-water. 
 (Lenz.) 
 
 II.) AgO, S 2 2 ; 2(NaO, S 2 2 ) + 2Aq Perma- 
 nent. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water ; the solution being decom- 
 posed by long-continued ebullition. (Herschel.) 
 Easily soluble in ammonia- water ; also to a cer- 
 tain extent in alcohol, especially if this be dilute 
 and warm. (Lenz.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF SILVER & OF STRONTIA. 
 Nearly insoluble in water. Very slightly, if at 
 all, soluble in an aqueous solution of hyposulphite 
 of strontia. Easily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 400.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF SODA. 
 
 a = anhydrous. 
 Na O, S 2 2 
 
 Soluble in 2.01 pts. of water at 
 " 1.44 " 20 
 
 " 0.96 " 40 
 
 " 0.52 " 60 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 50.) Insoluble in 
 commercial acetate of ethyl. (Casaseca, C. R., 
 1850, 30.821.) 
 
 b = crystallized. 
 
 Na 0, S 2 O, + 6 Aq Extremely deliquescent. Readily 
 soluble in water. When heated, it 
 melts in its water of crystallization. Totally insol- 
 uble in alcohol of 0.8234, which precipitates it as a 
 thick syrup from the aqueous solution. ( Herschel, 
 Edin. Phil. Journ., 1. 19.) Soluble in less than 
 1 pt. of water, but the aqueous solution decom- 
 poses after a time. 
 
 "Na O, S 2 2 -f 5 Aq" is soluble in 0.585 pt. of 
 water at 19.5 ; or, 100 pts. of water at 19.5 dis- 
 solve 171 pts. of it ; or, the aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at 19.5 contains 63.5% of it, or 45.8% of the 
 anhydrous salt, and is of 1.3875 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 350.) The hy- 
 drated salt (Na O, S 2 O 2 + 6 Aq) melts in its 
 water of crystallization at about 48. (Kremers, 
 loc. cit., 99. 50.) When melted in its water of 
 crystallization it deposits a white powder as soon 
 as some of the water has been driven off; if 
 now the whole be sealed up in a tube, and exposed 
 to a higher temperature, the powder redissolves, 
 and if the solution thus obtained be cooled down 
 gradually, a supersaturated solution will be formed, 
 which may even contain so much as 1 pt. of the 
 anhydrous salt in 0.46 pt. of water at 0. (Kre- 
 mers, Pogg. Ann., 94. 261.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains (by experi- 
 
 solution of ment) per cent, of 
 
 sp. gr. (at 19) Na 0, S 2 2 + 5 Aq. 
 
 1.0338 6.32 
 
 1.0674 12.64 
 
 1.1030 18.96 
 
 1.1396 25.28 
 
 1.2170 37.92 
 
 1.3434 56.88 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ing table by means of the formula : D = 1 + 
 0.005131 p + 0.00001528 p 2 ; in which D = the 
 sp. gr. of the solution and p the percentage of 
 substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. (at 
 19.) 
 
 1.0052 
 
 Per cent of 
 Na 0, S 3 O 2 -f 6 Aq. 
 
 . . . 1 . . . 
 
 Per cent of 
 anhyd. NaO, S 2 0, 
 . 0.637 
 
 1.0105 
 
 2 
 
 1.274 
 
 1.0158 
 
 3 
 
 1.911 
 
 1.0211 
 
 4 
 
 2.584 
 
 1.0264 
 
 5 
 
 3.185 
 
 1.0317 
 
 6 
 
 3.822 
 
 1.0370 
 
 7 
 
 4.459 
 
 .0423 
 
 8 
 
 5.096 
 
 .0476 
 
 9 
 
 5.734 
 
 .0529 
 
 10 
 
 6.371 
 
 .0584 
 
 11 
 
 7.008 
 
 .0639 
 
 12 
 
 7.645 
 
 .0695 
 
 13 
 
 8.282 
 
 .0751 
 
 14 
 
 8.919 
 
 .0807 
 
 15 
 
 9.556 
 
 .0863 
 
 16 
 
 10.193 
 
 .0919 
 
 17 
 
 10.830 
 
 1 0975 
 
 18 
 
 11.467 
 
 1.1031 
 
 19 
 
 12.105 
 
 1.1087 
 
 20 
 
 12.742 
 
 1.1145 
 
 21 
 
 13.379 
 
 1.1204 
 
 22 
 
 14.016 
 
 1.1263 
 
 23 
 
 14.653 
 
 1.1322 
 
 24 
 
 15.290 
 
 1.1381 
 
 25 
 
 15.927 
 
 1.1440 
 
 26 
 
 16.564 
 
 1.1499 
 
 27 
 
 17.201 
 
 1.1558 
 
 28 
 
 17.838 
 
 1.1617 
 
 29 
 
 18.475 
 
 1.1676 
 
 30 
 
 19.113 
 
 1.1738 
 
 31 
 
 19.750 
 
 1.1800 
 
 32 
 
 20.387 
 
 1.1862 
 
 33 
 
 21.024 
 
 1.1924 
 
 34 
 
 21.661 
 
 1.1986 
 
 35 
 
 22.298 
 
 1.2048 
 
 36 
 
 22.935 
 
 1.2110 
 
 37 
 
 23.572 
 
 1.2172 
 
 38 
 
 24.209 
 
 1.2234 
 
 39 
 
 24.846 
 
 1.2297 
 
 40 
 
 25.484 
 
 1.2362 
 
 41 
 
 26.121 
 
 1.2427 
 
 42 
 
 26.758 
 
 1.2492 
 
 43 
 
 27.395 
 
 1.2558 
 
 44 
 
 28.032 
 
 1 2624 
 
 45 
 
 28.669 
 
 1.2690 
 
 46 
 
 29.306 
 
 1.2756 
 
 47. 
 
 29.943 
 
 1.2822 
 
 48 
 
 30.580 
 
 1.2888 
 
 49 
 
 31.218 
 
 1.2954 
 
 . 50 
 
 31.855 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 188.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF STRONTIA. Permanent. 
 
 Sr 0, S 2 O 2 + 6 Aq Soluble in 6 pts. of cold water. 
 
 (Gay-Lussac) ; in about 4 pts. 
 
 of water at 7.2, and in 1.75 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol, unless very dilute. (Herschel, 
 
 Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 21.) 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 10 dissolve 16.6 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF STRYCHNINE. Soluble in 
 
 i\r $ r H nTiwnqo-i-'JAn 114 P ts - f waten 
 JN 2 ^ c 42 H 22 u 4 ", H u, 2 u 2 + a Aq TT *y \ 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE of protoxide OF TIN. Soluble 
 SnO, S,0 2 in water.' 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF ZINC. Easily soluble in 
 Zn 0, S 2 2 water, and alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in water, and alcohol. The 
 solutions are very easily decomposed (Fordos & 
 Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 350.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHITE OF ZINCAMMONIUM. Soluble 
 N { HS S m ammonia-water, from which it is 
 2 1 Zn ' ! precipitated on the addition of al- 
 cohol. Decomposed by water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
IGASURIN. 
 
 315 
 
 HYPoSuLPHoCcEURULic ACID. Vid. Hypo- 
 Sulphlndigotic Acid. 
 
 HYPoSuLPHoGLUTic ACID. With a small 
 quantity of water it forms a viscid, glutinous paste. 
 Readily soluble in water, from which it is precipi- 
 tated as a paste on the addition of sulphuric or 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble in nitric acid, and is 
 decomposed on boiling therewith. The salts of 
 hyposulphoglutic acid are slightly soluble in cold, 
 more abundantly soluble in warm water. Soluble 
 in alcohol ; less soluble in ether. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHOGLUTATE OF AMMONIA. Solu- 
 
 ble in water, from which it is precipitated for the 
 most part on the addition of ammonia-water, or 
 carbonate of ammonia. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHOGLUTATE OF BARYTA. Soluble 
 
 in warm water, from which it is precipitated on 
 cooling. Also soluble in warm alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 HrpoSuLPHoGLUTATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 warm water, from which it is precipitated on cool- 
 ing. Soluble in warm alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOS ULPHOGLUTATE OF POTASH. Soluble 
 
 in water, from which it is precipitated for the most 
 part on the addition of caustic potash. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHOGLUTATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water, from which it is precipitated for the most 
 part on the addition of caustic soda. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HrpoSuLPHoMETHTLic ACID. Vid. Methyl- 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 HYPoSuLPHoPnospHORic ACID. Vid. proto- 
 Sulphide of Phosphorus. 
 
 HYPoSuLPHoPnospHOROUs ACID. Vid. di- 
 Sulphide of Phosphorus. 
 
 HYPOSULPHOPHOSPHITE of protosulphide OF 
 Cu S, P S COPPER. Insoluble in dilute chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Slightly soluble in hot concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid, from which it is entirely 
 precipitated on the addition of water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 HYPoScLPHoPHOSFHiTE of disulphide OF 
 COPPER. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. 
 Cu 2 S, P S 
 
 II.) di. 
 2 Cu 2 S, P S 
 
 HYPOSULPHOPHOSPHITE of protosulphide OF 
 IRON. 
 
 HYPOSULPHOPHOSPHITE OF MANGANESE. In- 
 MnS,PS soluble in water. Decomposed by chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 HYPOSULPHOPHOSPHITE of protosulphide OF 
 MERCURY. 
 I.) HgS, PS 
 II.) 2 HgS, PS 
 HYPOSULPHOPHOSPHITE OF SlLVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Only very slightly acted upon by 
 Ag S, P S warm nitric acid of 1.22 sp. gr. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) basic. Decomposed by nitric acid, which 
 2 Ag S, P S dissolves out half of the sulphide of 
 
 silver. (Ibid.) 
 HYPOSULPHOPHOSPHITE OF ZINC with SUL- 
 
 Zn S, P S; Zn S, P 2 S PHOPHOSPHITE OF ZlNC. 
 
 Decomposed by chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 HYPOVANADIATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 HYPOVANADI .TE OF POTASH. Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of potash, ammonia, or carbon- 
 
 ate of ammonia, but soluble in solutions of car- 
 bonate of potash and carbonate of soda. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 HYPOXANTHIN. Soluble in 1090 pts. of cold, 
 C 10 H 4 N 4 2 and in 180 pts. of boiling water. 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 it is not precipitated by water. Almost insoluble 
 in cold, and only sparingly soluble in warm chlor- 
 hydric acid. Easily soluble in solutions of caustic 
 potash or ammonia. Insoluble in solutions of the 
 alkaline carbonates. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in warm nitric acid. (Scherer.) 
 
 I. 
 
 ICHTHIDIN. Soluble in water. (Fremy.) 
 ICHTHIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 Soluble in chlorhydric acid. Easily soluble in 
 dilute acetic and phosphoric acids, and in the 
 other strong acids. Insoluble in ammonia-water. 
 Slowly soluble in solutions of potash and soda. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (8.) 50. 150.) 
 
 ICHTHULIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 ether. Soluble in acetic, phosphoric, and chlor- 
 hydric acids. (Fremy.) 
 
 ICHTHYOCOLL. Soluble in cold concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. Slowly and partially soluble in 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Caventou, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 329.) 
 
 IDRIALIN. Insoluble in boiling water. Scarcely 
 C 84 H 28 2 at a ^ solute i n boiling alcohol, or ether. 
 Its best solvent is boiling oil of turpen- 
 tine. Soluble, with combination, in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Dumas.) 
 
 IDRYL. 
 
 nC 6 H- 
 
 ) Very soluble in alcohol, ether, oil of turpen- 
 tine, and acetic acid. 
 
 p) Much less soluble than . (Boedeker.) 
 
 IGASURIC ACID. Said to be identical with 
 Lactic Acid. Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Most of its salts are soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 IGASURATE OF AMMONIA. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 IGASURATE OF BARYTA. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 IGASURATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 IGASURATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 IGASURATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 IGASURATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold water. 
 
 IGASURATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. (Pel- 
 letier & Caventou.) 
 
 lGASURiN(from Nux vomica.) Rapidly soluble 
 in 200 (H)0 ?) pts. of boiling water, separating out 
 again quickly as the solution cools ; being but 
 sparingly soluble in water at 20. Igasurin is 
 much more soluble in water than either brucin or 
 strychnine, the last being the least soluble of the 
 three. Readily soluble in alcohol [Soluble in 
 weak alcohol (Parrish's Pharm., p. 410)], chloro- 
 form, and the fatty and essential oils. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. Easily soluble in dilute acids. 
 Somewhat soluble in solutions of the alkalies, 
 especially in a solution of potash. Most of its 
 salts are soluble in water. 
 
316 
 
 INDIGO. 
 
 ILEXIC ACID. Easily soluble in water. Most 
 of its salts appear to be soluble in water. 
 
 ILEXATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 ILEXATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Moldenhauer, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 102. 348.) 
 
 lLiciN(from Ilex aquifolium). Hygroscopic. 
 Readily soluble in water. Soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 Permanent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Lebourdais, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 62.) 
 
 6 = (from Ilex opaca). Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. Freely soluble in ether. (Pancoast, in 
 Parrish's Pharm., p. 421, from Amer. J. Pharm., 
 28.312.) 
 
 ILIXANTHIN. Almost entirely insoluble in cold 
 C S2 H 22 O.J3 water ; tolerably easily soluble in hot 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. Easily soluble in concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid. With oxide of lead it forms a com- 
 pound insoluble in water, but soluble in acetic acid. 
 (Moldenhauer, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 348.) 
 
 IMABENZIL. Insoluble in water. Somewhat 
 C 28 HJJ N 2 = N 5 28 Hfl ^ 2 soluble in a boiling 
 2 mixture of ether and al- 
 
 cohol, from which it separates on cooling. Insol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol, or ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 IMASATIN. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Very 
 C 82 H u N s O 6 sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Soluble in a solution of caustic pot- 
 ash. "When freshly precipitated it is soluble in 
 ammonia-water ; but after having been dried, it is 
 insoluble therein. Unacted upon by boiling chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 iMECHLOElsATiNASE. Vid. Chlorlmesatin. 
 
 IMESATIN. Insoluble in water. Tolerably sol- 
 C 16 H a N 2 O 2 uble in boiling alcohol. Very diffi- 
 cultly soluble in ether. (Laurent.) 
 [Insoluble in ether. (Gmelin's Handbook.)} 
 
 IMID. Hypothetical. 
 NH 
 
 IMPERATORIN. Vid. Peucedamin. 
 
 INDELIBROME. Insoluble in water. Almost 
 (BiBromlsamic Acid.) insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 Csz H 8 Br 4 N sO Unacted upon by a boiling 
 
 solution of caustic potash, 
 by ammonia-water, or concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid: (Laurent.) 
 
 INDICAN. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 
 C B2 HJJ, N O so alcohol, and ether. Decomposed by 
 
 strong boiling acids, with formation 
 
 of indigo-blue. (Schunck, Phil. Mag., (4.) 10. 84.) 
 
 INDIGO-BLUE. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 
 (Indigotin. Oxidized Indigo.) ether, fatty or essen- 
 
 C 16 Hj N O 2 tial oils, weak acids, 
 
 or alkaline solutions. 
 
 Soluble, with combination, in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid ; also, in fuming sulphuric acid, with 
 evolution of heat. 
 
 Hot alcohol dissolves small quantities of indigo- 
 blue, but this separates out almost completely as 
 the solution cools, unless some indigo-red be pres- 
 ent in the solution, in which case some indigo-blue 
 will remain dissolved in cold alcohol. (Chevreul.) 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling oil of turpentine, from 
 which it separates on cooling. (Crum.) Insolu- 
 ble in cold, but pretty readily soluble in hot, car- 
 bolic acid ; a small portion of alcohol may be 
 mixed with this solution, but the indigo is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of a large quantity of al- 
 cohol. 
 
 Soluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) Soluble 
 in fatty acids at temperatures exceeding 100; 
 on cooling these solutions it separates out. (Wes- 
 ton, Brandes's Archiv., 36. 371 ; in Gmelin's 
 Handbook, 13. 45.) Liquid anhydrous sulphuric 
 acid does not act upon indigo-blue (Bussy) ; nor 
 is it acted upon by phosphoric or by concentrated 
 chlorhydric acids. (Drebereiner.) Indigo-blue 
 dissolves in cold concentrated sulphuric acid at 
 first with a yellow color which subsequently 
 changes to green, and finally to blue. (Haus- 
 mann, J. de Phys., 1788.) While the solution is 
 still yellow, undecomposed indigo-blue may be 
 precipitated by adding water to the solution. It 
 is only as the action of the sulphuric acid pro- 
 gresses that sulphophenic and sulphindigotic acids 
 are gradually formed, and the solution turns blue. 
 This solution is much more complete when ef- 
 fected at 100. Indigo is more readily soluble in 
 fuming sulphuric acid, in proportion as this con- 
 tains more anhydrous S O 3 ; l times as much of 
 the strongest oil of vitriol is required as of the 
 fuming acid. 
 
 INDIGO-BROWN. Slightly soluble in water ; 
 (Refinous Indigo-Green.) more readily soluble in 
 acids. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol, even in the cold. It combines with acids, 
 forming compounds which are slightly soluble in 
 water ; also with alkalies forming compounds 
 soluble in water. Soluble in solutions of caustic 
 and carbonated ammonia. When treated with 
 acetic acid it forms two compounds, one of which 
 is soluble, the other insoluble in water. 
 
 INDIGO-BROWN with BARYTA. Difficultly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 INDIGO-BROWN with LIME. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 INDIGOGENE. Vid. Indigo- White. 
 
 INDIGO-GREEN. Readily soluble in water, and 
 in absolute alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 INDIGO-PURPLE. Vid. SulphoPhoenicic Acid. 
 
 INDIGO-RED. 
 
 I.) properly so called. Insoluble in water. Very 
 readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. It is pre- 
 cipitated from the alcoholic solution on the addi- 
 tion of sulphuric acid. 
 
 Slightly soluble in alcohol ; more abundantly 
 soluble in ether. (Berzelius.) Very slightly sol- 
 uble in acetic acid. (Henry.) Soluble in cold 
 credsote. (Reichenbach.) Slightly soluble in so- 
 lutions of caustic potash and ammonia. Insoluble 
 in hot concentrated solutions of the caustic al- 
 kalies, or in dilute acids. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, and the solution thus obtained is 
 miscible with water. Insoluble in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, by the action of which, however, 
 it becomes black. 
 
 II.) colorless or deoxidized Indigo-Red. Insoluble 
 in water, or in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies, even when these are highly concentrated 
 and boiling. Very slightly soluble in acetic acid, 
 the solution obtained being miscible with water. 
 Slowly soluble in alcohol and ether. Very slowly, 
 and but partially soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid ; in this solution water produces a precipitate. 
 Traces of it are dissolved by concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid, and the solution obtained is miscible 
 with water. Soluble in fuming nitric acid, with 
 conversion to indigo-red (No. I.) and subsequent 
 decomposition. 
 
INULIN. 
 
 317 
 
 C 10 H 8 N0 2 
 
 Ppts. 
 
 INDIGOTIC ACID. Vid. NitroSalicylic Acid. 
 
 INDIGOTATE OF METHYLENE. Vid. Methyl- 
 NitroSalicylic Acid. 
 
 INDIGOTIC ETHER. Vid. EthylNitro Salicylic 
 Acid. 
 
 INDIGO- WHITE. Entirely insoluble in water. 
 (Indigotin. Indigogene. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether ; the solutions being 
 decomposed by contact 
 with the air. Insoluble in such acids as do not 
 decompose it, as a rule, insoluble in dilute 
 acids. Soluble, with decomposition, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. Readily soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the alkalies, alkaline earths, alkaline 
 carbonates, and carbonate of ammonia. (Ber- 
 zelius, Liebig.) 
 
 INDIGO- WHITE with ALUMINA. Ppt. 
 
 INDIGO- WHITE with COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 INDIGO-WHITE with protoxide of IRON. Ppt. 
 
 INDIGO-WHITE with sesquioxide O/"IRON. Ppt. 
 
 INDIGO-WHITE with LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 INDIGO-WHITE with LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Almost insoluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 INDIGO- WHITE with MAGNESIA. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 INDIGO- WHITE with MANGANESE. 
 INDIGO-WHITE with SILVER. 
 INDIGO-WHITE with TIN. 
 INDIGO- WHITE with ZINC. 
 
 INDIGO-YELLOW. Vid. SulphoFlavic Acid. 
 INDIHUMIN. Insoluble in boiling alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in caustic alkalies. (Schunck.) 
 
 INDIN. Insoluble in water. Very sparingly 
 
 C 82 H 10 N 2 4 soluble in boiling alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 
 acid, from which it is precipitated unchanged on 
 
 the addition of water. (Laurent.) 
 
 INDIN with POTASSIUM. Hygroscopic. Insol- 
 C 82 H 8 K N 2 4 uble, or very sparingly soluble in 
 cold, absolute alcohol. 
 
 INDIKETIN. Soluble in alcohol, and in ammo- 
 nia-water. (Schunck.) 
 
 INDIRUBIN. Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Schnnck.) 
 
 INOSIC ACID. Readily soluble in water. 
 
 (Inasinic Acid.) (Liebig.) Almost 
 
 C 10 H,N 2 lt = C 10 H 6 N 2 10 ,HO insoluble in al- 
 cohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 Its alkaline salts are easily soluble in water; 
 they crystallize out when alcohol is added to the 
 concentrated aqueous solution. All the other 
 salts are sparingly soluble in water. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 381.) 
 
 INOSATE OF BARYTA. Effloresces in dry air. 
 
 C 10 H 6 Ha N 2 O lt 4- 7 Aq Soluble in 400 pts. of 
 
 water at 15, and more 
 
 readily in hot water ; but is less soluble in water 
 at 100 than at 70 ; if a solution saturated at 70 
 be boiled, a portion of the salt will be precipitated, 
 with partial alteration. If a quantity of the salt 
 which would dissolve in a certain quantity of 
 water at 60 @ 70 be heated to the boiling-point 
 with the same quantity of water, a portion of the 
 salt will remain undissolved, and by continued 
 boiling will even lose its power of dissolving in 
 
 water of a lower temperature. (Liebig.) Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 INOSATE OF COPPER. Almost insoluble in 
 water. Insoluble in acetic acid. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Liebig.) 
 
 INOSATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 C 10 H 6 K N 2 O u + 7 Aq water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 INOSATE OF SODA. Very easily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 INOSATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 water ; less soluble in an aqueous solution of ni- 
 trate of silver. Readily soluble in ammonia- 
 water and in nitric acid. (Liebig.) 
 
 INOSINIC ACID. Vid. Inosic Acid. 
 
 INOSITE. Efflorescent. Soluble in 6.5 pts. of 
 (Phaseomannite.) water at 24; more soluble in 
 C 12 H 12 12 + 4 Aq hot water. Soluble in boiling 
 dilute spirit ; insoluble in cold 
 spirit, or in ether. (Cloetta, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 99.291.) Easily soluble in water, and in weak 
 alcohol. Difficultly soluble or insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, or ether. After the water of crystal- 
 lization has been removed by drying, the substance 
 is less readily soluble in water, until by taking up 
 water it regains its original properties. Soluble 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric acid ; but is par- 
 tially decomposed if this solution is heated. 
 (Vohl, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 99. 126.) 
 
 INOSITE with OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 Cu Hjj 12 ; 5 Pb water, or spirit. (Cloetta, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 INSOLINIC ACID. Almost entirely insoluble in 
 
 (Cumino Cyminic Acid.) cold, sparingly soluble 
 
 u Hg Og = C 18 Hg 6 , 2 H in boiling- water. In- 
 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Persoz.) Almost insoluble in alcohol. (Hof- 
 mann.) Insoluble in ether. Soluble in cold and 
 in boiling concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 it is precipitated unchanged on the addition of 
 water. (Hofmann.) Insoluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, but after having been boiled with 
 it for a few minutes it becomes soluble in water. 
 (Persoz.) 
 
 INSOHNATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 INSOLINATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble, or but 
 C J8 H 8 Ba2 8 sparingly soluble, in cold water. 
 
 INSOLINATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 C 18 H 6 Cu 2 8 ; Cu 0, H 
 
 INSOLINATE OF LIME. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 C 18 H 6 Ca 2 8 + 6 Aq ingly soluble, in water. 
 
 INSOLINATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. Insoluble, or 
 C 18 H 6 K 2 8 but sparingly soluble, in strong alco- 
 hol. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in hot water. 
 C w H 7 K 8 
 
 INSOLINATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Soluble 
 C w H 6 K Na 8 in water, from which it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of alcohol. 
 
 INSOLINATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 18 H 6 A g2 8 
 
 INULIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, readily sol- 
 
 (Dahlin. Alantin. Elecampin. u blc in hot Water. ' 
 
 Helenine Menyanthin. DatiscinJ 
 
 C 12 H 10 10 &+3Aq 
 
 soluble in alcohol. Decomposed by hot dilute 
 acids. Soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. 
 
318 
 
 IODATES. 
 
 Soluble in 600 pts. of water at 18.75. (Ahl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) Solu- 
 ble in 200 pts. of water at 10. Abundantly solu- 
 ble in water at 66. When the aqueous solution 
 is heated for a long time to a temperature ap- 
 proaching 100, the inulin is gradually convert- 
 ed into fruit-sugar. (Dubrunfaut, in Wittstein's 
 Handw. ) 
 
 loDAcETic ACID. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 3 1 4 = C 4 H 2 1 3 , H 
 
 looAcETATE OF AMMONIA. Permanent. Very 
 soluble in water. 
 
 looAcETATE OF AMYL. Insoluble, or but 
 sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 looAcETATE OF BARYTA. Moderately soluble 
 C 4 H 2 1 Ba 4 in water, from which it is precipi- 
 tated by alcohol. 
 
 IODACETATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or but 
 sparingly soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 IOD ACETATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 IODACETATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Very 
 soluble in water. (Perkin & Duppa.) 
 
 IODACETYL. Fj'd. Iodide ofAcetyl; and also 
 lodEthylene. 
 
 IODAL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 IODAMYL. Vid. Iodide of Amyl. 
 
 IODANILIN. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 C H I N = N \ c " H * * though more soluble in 
 ( H 2 hot than in cold. Solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol, ether, wood-spirit, acetone, bisul- 
 phide of carbon, and the fatty and essential oils. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 275.) Its salts are 
 generally less soluble than those of anilin. (Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 looANisic ACID. Almost insoluble in water. 
 C 16 HJ 1 6 = C ta H 6 1 5 , H Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 ( Griess. ) 
 
 IODANISATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 C 16 H 6 IAg0 8 
 
 IODARSENIATE OF X. Vid. Iodide of Arsenic 
 with Iodide of X. 
 
 IODIC ACID. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Permanent, but deliquesces in 
 I0 g moist air. (H. Davy.) Very soluble in 
 pure water ; less soluble in water acidulated 
 with sulphuric or nitric acids. 
 
 Somewhat soluble in dilute alcohol, but is al- 
 most entirely precipitated from the aqueous solu- 
 tion by adding concentrated alcohol and allowing 
 the mixture to stand for some time. (Serullas, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 45. 281.) Tolerably read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol of 35 B. ; insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 
 pp. 405, 406.) Soluble in ether. (Graham's 
 Elements.) Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Millon.) 
 
 b = monohydrated. Soluble in all proportions 
 
 1 6 , H in water. Insoluble in absolute alcohol; 
 
 very soluble in alcohol of 35 B., which 
 
 dissolves nearly half its weight. (Millon, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 405, 406.) 
 
 c = trihydrated. Soluble in water. (Millon, 
 3 1 6 , H loc. cit.) Very sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Serullas ) Insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol ; almost insoluble at ordinary temper- 
 atures in alcohol of 35 B. ; only faint traces are 
 dissolved by boiling alcohol. (Millon, Ann. Ch.et 
 Phi/s., (3.) 9. pp. 405, 406.) Most of the metallic 
 iodates are insoluble, or but sparingly soluble, in 
 
 water. According to Dumas [TV.], they are all 
 insoluble in water, excepting the potash and soda 
 salts. They are also all insoluble or very spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (Gmelin's Handbook.) 
 
 IODATE OF ALUMINA. Deliquescent. (Ber- 
 A1 2 0,, 3 I 5 zelius, Lehrb., 3. 479.) 
 
 IODATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 38.5 pts. of 
 NH 4 0, 10 5 water at 15, and in 6.9 pts. at the 
 temperature of boiling. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 IODATE OF AMMONIA & OF COBALT. Decom- 
 posed by water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Rara- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 IODATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Very diffi- 
 BaO, 1 5 + Aq cultly soluble either in hot or in 
 cold water. Soluble in 3333 pts. 
 of water at 18, and in 625 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Gay-Lussac) ; in 1746 pts. of water at 15, and in 
 600 pts. at the boiling temperature. (Rammels- 
 berg.) The anhydrous salt is soluble in 3018 pts. 
 water at" 13.5, and in 681 pts. at 100. (Kremers, 
 Pogg. Ann., 94. 271.) Insoluble in alcohol. Read- 
 ily soluble in chlorhydric acid ; difficultly soluble 
 in warm nitric acid. (Filhol.) 
 
 IODATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water. 
 Bi 3 , 1 5 Difficultly soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 IODATE OF BRUCIN. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 
 45. pp. 275, 276). On adding an excess of strong 
 iodic acid to a concentrated aqueous solution of 
 iodate or chlorate of brucin a very acid iodate of 
 brucin separates out, and may be entirely precipi- 
 tated by adding strong alcohol ; this acid salt un- 
 dergoes alteration after a time, when exposed to 
 the air. (Ibid., pp. 277, 280.) 
 
 IODATE OF CADMIUM. Very sparingly soluble 
 Cd 0, 1 6 in water ; more readily soluble in am- 
 monia-water, and nitric acid. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of acetate of cadmium. 
 
 IODATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Insolu- 
 ble in water. (Berlin.) 
 
 IODATE OF CINCHONIN. Readily soluble in 
 
 C^ H 24 N 2 2 , H 0, 1 5 water, and alcohol. (Reg- 
 
 nault.) Soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. (Serullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, 
 (2.) 45. pp. 274, 276.) On adding an excess of 
 strong iodic acid to a concentrated aqueous solu- 
 tion of iodate or chlorate of cinchonin, a very acid 
 iodate of cinchonin separates out, and may be en- 
 tirely precipitated by adding strong alcohol ; this 
 acid salt undergoes alteration after a time when 
 exposed to the air. (Ibid., pp. 277, 280.) 
 
 IODATE OF COBALT. Soluble in 148 [140] pts. 
 
 Co 0, 1 5 + Aq of water at 15, and in 90 pts. at 
 
 the temperature of boiling. (Ratn- 
 
 melsberg.) Soluble in ammonia-water, from 
 
 which alcohol precipitates a basic salt. 
 
 IODATE OF CODEIN. Very soluble in pure 
 water ; less soluble in water acidulated with iodic 
 acid. (Pelletier.) 
 
 IODATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 302 pts. of 
 Cu 0, 1 O s + J Aq water at 15, and in 154. 5 pts. at 
 the boiling temperature. Easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water, and in chlorhydric 
 acid, with evolution of chlorine. (Rammelsberg.) 
 Millon describes several other iodates of copper, 
 as follows : 
 
 1st modification (probably hydrated). Easily 
 changed. Tolerably soluble in water. It under- 
 goes a change and is precipitated on heating the 
 solution. (Millon, loc. cit., p. 424.) 
 
IODATES. 
 
 319 
 
 2e? modif. Completely insoluble in water. 
 CuO, I0 5 ,'HO 
 
 3d modif. Insoluble in water. 
 3 Cu 0, 1 5 , 2 H 
 
 4th modif. Insoluble in water. (Millon, Ann. 
 6 Cu 0, 3 1 6 , H Ch. et Phys., (3. ) 9. pp. 424 - 
 430.) 
 
 IODATE OF CupR(i'c)6JAMiN. Soluble in am- 
 N s | H 8 . Cu, I + 3 Aq monia-water. Partially solu- 
 ble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 IODATE OF GOLD (Au Os). Soluble in much 
 water. (Pleischl.) 
 
 IODATE of protoxide OF IRON. Sparingly solu- 
 
 Fe 0, 1 Ojj ble in water. Readily soluble in an 
 
 aqueous solution of protosulphate of 
 
 iron ; the solution undergoing decomposition 
 
 when boiled. (Geiger.) 
 
 IODATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 500 pts. of cold water. 
 Fe 2 s , 3I0 5 On boiling the aqueous solution de- 
 composition ensues, and a basic salt 
 is precipitated. Readily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of sesquichloride of iron. (Geiger.) 
 
 II.) bi. Sparingly soluble in nitric acid. (Rara- 
 Fe 2 3 , 2 1 5 + 8 Aq melsberg.) 
 
 III.) basic. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 3 Fej Os, 5 1 5 + 12 Aq nitric and chlorhydric acids. 
 
 IODATE OF LEAD. Very sparingly soluble in 
 Pb 0, 1 O s water. Difficultly soluble in nitric 
 acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 IODATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. 100 pts. of water dissolve 0.22 
 CaO, I0 5 pt. of it at 18, and 0.98 pt. at 100, 
 i. e. 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 454.5 
 pts. of water at 18, and in 102 pts. at 100. (Gay- 
 Lussac, in Dumas' s Traite, 6. 275.) Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. 279.) Readily soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 II.) hydrated. Efflorescent. Soluble in 253 
 CaO, I 5 + 5, or 6, Aq pts. of water at 15, and in 
 75 pts. at the boiling tem- 
 perature ; it is much more readily soluble in nitric 
 acid. (Rammelsberg.) Alcohol precipitates it 
 from the aqueous solution. (O. Henry.) 
 
 IODATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in 2 pts. of cold 
 Ld O, I 5 water ; it is not much more soluble in 
 hot water. Insoluble in spirit. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 IODATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 9.43 pts. of 
 MgO, I O s -H 4 Aq water at 15, and in 3.04 pts. at 
 100. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 444.) Very sparingly soluble in water. (Serullas, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys.,"l830, (2.) 45. pp. 279, 281, 
 275.) Very soluble in water. When heated to 
 240 @ 250 the salt passes into another modifica- 
 tion, which is completely insoluble in water. By 
 long-continued boiling with water, however, the 
 insoluble modification itself undergoes change, and 
 the salt is slowly dissolved. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 9. 423.) 
 
 IODATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 200 pts. 
 Mn 0, 1 5 + Aq of water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 IODATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insoluble 
 Hgj 0, 1 5 in water, and is not altered by boiling 
 water. (Lefort.) 
 
 Very slightly soluble in water. Soluble in 
 dilute chlorhydric, nitric, and iodic acids. 
 (Pleischl.) 
 
 IODATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Entirely 
 Hg O, I O 5 insoluble in water or alcohol. (Millon, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 367.) Sol- 
 uble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 901.) Solu- 
 ble in dilute chlorhydric acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 IODATE OF tefraMETHYLAMMONiuM. Soluble 
 N (C 2 H s ) 4 O, I Os in water. (Weltzien.) 
 
 IODATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in 120.3 pts. of 
 Ni 0, I O fi + Aq water at 15, and in 77.35 pts. at 
 the boiling temperature. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 IODATE OF NICKEL&AMIN. Soluble in ammo- 
 (Ammoniolodatc of Nickel.') nia-water. Insoluble in 
 N a { H 6 . Ni 0, 1 O s alcohol. (Rammels- 
 
 berg.) 
 
 IODATE OF NICOTINE. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water. Nearly insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Henry & Boutron.) 
 IODATE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 IODATE ofbinoxide OF PLATINUM. Somewhat 
 soluble in water. (Pleischl.) 
 
 IODATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) K 0,1 5 Permanent. 1 pt. of the anhy- 
 drous salt is soluble in 13 [13.45 
 (T.)] pts. of water at 14. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 Soluble in 19.02 pts. of water at + 0.5 
 " 14.85 " 9.4 
 
 " 10.97 " 22.2 
 
 " 5.95 " 45.8 
 
 " 3.67 " 69.2 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 94. 271.) 
 i. n. m. 
 
 21.11 2 1.22 pts. of water at 
 
 Soluble in 19.17 
 11.65 
 6.88 
 4.37 
 
 12.29 
 7.76 
 5.40 
 4.02 
 3.10 
 
 20 
 40 
 60 
 80 
 100 
 
 The results in column I. were determined im- 
 mediately after the solution had fallen to the given 
 temperatures. Those in column II. represent 
 another series of experiments, in which the solu- 
 tions were allowed to stand for an hour at the 
 temperatures indicated, being frequently agitated 
 the while ; like the 1st series, they were cooled 
 down from higher temperatures. Column III. is 
 another series of experiments, in which the solu- 
 tions stood at the given temperatures during 10 
 hours. The saturated aqueous solution boils at 
 102. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 97. 5.) '100 pts. of 
 water at 14 dissolve 7.43 pts. of it (T.) 100 
 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 7.7 pts. of it. (Ure's 
 Diet.) An aqueous solution of 1.0741 sp. gr. at 
 19.5, contains 9.08 pts. of K 0, I Os for every 
 100 pts. of water. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 
 121.) More soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 iodide of potassium than in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol of 0.81 sp. gr. Soluble, without decom- 
 position of the iodic acid, in warm sulphurie acid. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) 6m. Soluble in 75 pts. of water at 15. 
 KO, HO,2I0 6 Insoluble in alcohol. (Serullas.) 
 
 III.) ter. Soluble in 25 pts. of water at 15. 
 KO,HO,3IO S (Serullas.) 
 
 IV.) basic. Soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 150.) 
 
 JznloDATE OF POTASH with &Z'SULPHATE OF 
 KO, 2IO S ; KO,2SO 3 +2Aq POTASH. More sol- 
 uble in water than 
 the biniodate of potash. (Se'rnllas.) 
 
320 
 
 IODHYDBATES. 
 
 IODATE OF QUININE. Tolerably easily soluble 
 in water. Also soluble in alcohol. (Serullas, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. pp. 274, 276.) 
 On adding an excess of strong iodic acid to a con- 
 centrated aqueous solution of iodate, chlorate or 
 acid-sulphate of quinine, a very acid iodate of 
 quinine separates out, and may be entirely precipi- 
 tated by adding strong alcohol ; this acid salt un- 
 dergoes alteration after a time when exposed to 
 the air. (Ibid., pp. 277, 280, 282.) 
 
 IODATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 AgO, I 5 ingly soluble in nitric acid. (Benckiser.) 
 Easily soluble in ammonia-water. (Gay- 
 Lussac.) 
 
 IODATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. 
 NaO, IO S 
 
 Soluble in 39.75 pts. of water at 
 11.03 " 20 
 
 6.95 
 4.79 
 3.61 
 2.95 
 
 40 
 60 
 80 
 
 100 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 102. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 97. pp. 5, 8.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 14 dissolve 7.3 pts. of it. [T.] It is the 
 most soluble of any of the iodates. (Millon, Ann. 
 Ch. el Phys., (3.) 9. 418.) An aqueous solution 
 of 1.0698 sp. gr., at 19.5, contains 8.13 pts. of it 
 for every 100 pts. of water. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 
 99. 444.) Less soluble than chloride of sodium 
 in water. (Duflos, Schweig., 62. 390.) Insoluble 
 in alcohol. Soluble in dilute acetic acid. 
 
 II.) hydrated. Millon (loc. cit.) thinks it probable 
 that the following hydrates have different degrees 
 of solubility. 
 
 a = Na 0, 1 O 6 + 2 Aq 
 
 b = Na 0, 1 O B + 6 Aq 
 
 c NaO, I0 5 + 10Aq Soluble in 13.8 pts. of 
 water at 14.5. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 
 III.) 6i. Soluble in water. The acid iodates 
 
 Na 0, 2 I O s of soda are extremely soluble in water. 
 
 (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 421.) 
 
 IODATE OF SODA with IODIDE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I. ) Na 0, 1 5 ; Na I + 20 Aq ) Soluble in cold 
 
 II. ) 2 Na 0, 1 6 ; 3 Na I + 38 Aq 5 water. Decom- 
 posed by hot 
 
 water and by cold alcohol, which dissolves out the 
 iodide. (Mitscherlich ; Penny.) 
 
 IODATE OF f STANNETHYL. Less soluble in 
 alcohol than the iodide. 
 
 IODATE OF STANNMETHYL. Similar to the 
 salt off. 
 
 IODATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Readily soluble in chlorhydric 
 SrO, I0 5 acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 II.) hydrated. So difficultly soluble in water 
 a = Sr 0, 1 O s + Aq that it is precipitated, even from 
 hot solutions, when solutions of 
 iodate of soda and chloride of strontium are 
 mixed. (Berzelius, Lefirb., 3. 389.) Soluble in 
 4 pts. of cold, and in 1.3[?] pts. of boiling water. 
 (Wittstein's Handw., 1. 723.) 100 pts. of water 
 at 15.5 dissolve 24 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 6 = SrO, I0 5 +6 Aq Soluble in 416 pts. of water 
 at 15, and in 138 pts. of 
 boiling water (Gay-Lussac) ; in 342 pts. of water 
 at 15, and in 110 pts. at the boiling temperature. 
 Difficultly .soluble in warm nitric acid. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 IODATE OF STRYCHNINE. Very soluble in 
 water. Also soluble in alcohol. (Serullas, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. pp. 275, 276.) On add- 
 ing an excess of strong iodic acid to a concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of iodate or chlorate of 
 strychnine a very acid iodate of strychnine sepa- 
 rates out, and may be entirely precipitated by 
 adding strong alcohol ; this acid salt undergoes 
 alteration after a time when exposed to the air. 
 (Ibid.,pp. 277, 280.) 
 
 IODATE of protoxide OF TIN. Soluble in an 
 Sn 0, 1 O s aqueous solution of protochloride of tin. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 iodate of soda. 
 
 IODATE of binoxide OF TIN. 
 
 IODATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Insoluble 
 in water ; soluble in an aqueous solution of proto- 
 chloride of uranium. 
 
 IODATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Difficultly 
 
 ur 2 3 , 1 6 + 5 Aq soluble in water. (Pleischl.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. Difficultly 
 
 soluble in nitric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 1111.) 
 
 
 
 IODATE OF VERATRIN. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 45. 
 pp. 275, 276.) On adding an excess of strong 
 iodic acid to a concentrated aqueous solution of 
 iodate or chlorate of veratrin a very acid iodate of 
 veratrin separates out, and may be entirely pre- 
 cipitated by adding strong alcohol ; this acid salt 
 undergoes alteration after a time when exposed to 
 the air. (Ibid., pp. 277, 280.) 
 
 IODATE OF YTTRIA. Soluble in 190 pts. of 
 water. (Berlin.) 
 
 IODATE OF ZINC. Soluble in 114 pts. of water 
 
 Zn 0, 1 B + 2 Aq at 15, and in 76 pts. at the tem- 
 
 perature of boiling. (Rammels- 
 
 berg.) Soluble in nitric acid and in ammonia- 
 
 water. 
 
 IOD AURIC ACID. Vid. terlodide of Gold. 
 
 IODAURATE OF AMMONIUM. Deliquescent. 
 
 IODAURATE OF BARIUM. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of iodide of barium. 
 
 IODAURATE OF IRON. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of protiodide of iron. 
 
 IODAURATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble, with 
 
 K I, Au I 3 partial decomposition, in water. Solu- 
 
 ble, in a dilute aqueous solution of 
 
 iodide of potassium and in iodhydric acid. (John- 
 
 ston.) 
 
 IODAURATE OF SODIUM. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 Na I, Au I 8 + z Aq uble in water. (Johnston.) 
 
 IODAURATE OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 . Soluble in alcohol, and 
 f C 4 H 8 1 2 ether. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 MB, (3.) 40. 478.) 
 
 IODETHYLENE. Insoluble in water. Very 
 
 (Iodide of Aldehydene. Iodide of soluble in alco- 
 Acetyl. lodAcetyl. Ethylene wd6.) jjol, and ether. 
 c HsI (E.Kopp.) Un- 
 
 acted on by cold sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric 
 (fuming) acids. 
 
 IODHYDRIC ACID. Very soluble in water. As 
 (Hydriodic Add.) soluble as chlorhydric acid in 
 H I water. ( Ot. Gr. ) Soluble in al- 
 
 cohol. 
 
 "lODHYDRATE OF AMYLENE." Vid. Iodide of 
 
 Amyl. 
 
IODHYDRATES. 
 
 321 
 
 lODHYDRAl'E OF AMYLFtTRFURIN. Difficultly 
 
 K *> r FT fr H in HT soluble in water. (Da- 
 N 5 5C 30 H ll (C 10 H 11 )0 6 ,HI 
 
 IODHTDRATE OF AMYLliEPiDiN. Sparingly 
 CM H 8 (Cj H u ) N, H I soluble in water. 
 
 lODHYDRATE OF AMYI/PlPERIDIN. Soluble in 
 
 CM II,, N. HI water. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 38. 99.) 
 
 lODHYDRATE OF AMYLQtJINOLEIN. Vid. lo- 
 
 dide of AmylQuinolein. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ANIL. Exceedingly soluble 
 C, 2 H 7 N, H I in water, and in alcohol ; somewhat 
 less soluble in ether. (Hofmann, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 1. 271.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ANISAMIC ACID. Soluble in 
 C 16 H 9 6 , H I water. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ARICIN. Very sparingly 
 c 6 H 26 N z s> H I soluble in water. More soluble 
 in alcohol, especially if this be 
 warm. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OP BENZYLENE. Vid. Iodide of 
 Toluenyl. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF BISMUTH. Decomposed by 
 Bi I 3 , H I + 8 Aq water. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of iodide of potassium. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF BRUCIN. Sparingly soluble 
 C 40 H 26 N s 8 , II I + 4 Aq in cold, more soluble in 
 warm water. More solu- 
 ble in alcohol than in water. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CAJPUTENB. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 C 20 H 16 , Hi Is not altered by boiling with an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. (Max. 
 Schmidl.) 
 
 II.) hydrated. Very deliquescent. Insoluble 
 C 20 H 18 , H I + Aq in water, and is not decomposed 
 thereby. Very soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Schmidl.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CAOUTCHIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CAPRYLAMIN. Vid. lodhy- 
 drate of Octylamin. 
 
 " ProtolODHYDRATE OF CARBON " 
 
 Vid. Iodide of Methylene. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF (&CETYLANILIN. Soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF oCiNCHONiN. Soluble in 
 C 4oH 24 N 2 o 2 , HI + 2Aq boiling water; much less 
 soluble in water than the 
 chlorhydrate. Readily soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF /?CINCHONIN. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (W. Schwabe, Kopp $ 
 Will's J. B.,fur 1860, p. 364.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CINEBENE. Insoluble, or but 
 2 C 20 Hjn, H I sparingly soluble, in water. ( Hirzel. ) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CODEIN. Soluble in about 
 
 C x H 21 N 6 , H I + 2 Aq 60 pts. of cold water, much 
 
 more soluble in hot water. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CONIIN. Very soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. (Blyth, /. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 353.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CONIIN with /mrtlooiDE OF 
 MEHCDRY. Insoluble in water or chlorhydric 
 acid. (v. Planta.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF COTATCNIN. Insoluble in cold, 
 N | C 28 H 13 9 "', H I readily soluble in boiling 
 water. (How.) 
 41 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CUMIDIN. Is the most sol- 
 uble of all the salts of cumidin. (Nicholson, J. 
 Ch. Soc., 1. 9.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF CYANANILIN. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol ; the solutions undergo decom- 
 position when evaporated. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLACETOSAMIN. Soluble 
 in water. (Natanson.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLAMIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLAMIN, 1 with protlo- 
 
 lODHYDRATE OF rfl'ETHYLAMIN, > dide of Mer- 
 lODHYDRATE OF Zn'ETHYLAMIN, ) CUry. 
 
 All these compounds are extremely soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. They are decomposed by 
 water. (Sonnenschein.) 
 
 lODHYDRATK OF ETHYL&fBROMALLYLAMIN. 
 
 Soluble in warm water. (Simpson.; 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLBRUCIN. Insoluble in 
 N, { C M H 25 (C 4 H s ) 8 , H 1 + Aq water. Readily 
 
 soluble m boiling 
 alcohol. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLCAPRYLAMIN. Vid. 
 lodhydrate of EthylOctylamin. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLCODEIN. Readily sol- 
 C 88 H 20 (C 4 H s ) N 8 , H I uble in cold water, less 
 soluble in alcohol. (How, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 6.134.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLCONIIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLFURFURIN. Soluble 
 in alcohol. (Davidson.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYL.LEPIDIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLMORPHINE, Perma- 
 
 CM H ]8 (C 4 H B ) N 6 , H I + Aq nent. Readily sol- 
 
 uble in boiling, less 
 
 soluble in cold water. Difficultly soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, more easily soluble in ordinary al- 
 cohol. (How, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 128.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLNAPHTHYLAMIN. 
 About as soluble as the bromhydrate. (Schiff.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLOCTYLAMIN. 
 
 (lodhydrate of EtkylCaprylamin.) 
 
 C 16 H 17 . 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLPHTHALIDIN. Solu- 
 ble in water. (Dusart, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 45. 
 338.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLPICOLIN. Vid. Iodide 
 of EthylPicolin. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLQUININE. Easily sol- 
 
 ^ rv , ? T uble in boiling, spar- 
 
 N 2 j C 40 H 23 (C t H.) 4 " ( , H 1 . ngly solub , e e in Qld 
 
 water Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Soluble in ammonia-water ; but insoluble in pot- 
 ash-lye. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 163.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLQUINOLEIN. Vid. 
 Iodide of EthylQuinolein. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Per- 
 
 -. TI N n M H T manent. bolunle in 
 
 N 2 | C 42 H 21 (C 4 H 8 ) U 4 , - about j 7Q p tg of water 
 
 at 15 and in from 50 to 60 pts. of boiling water. 
 Soluble in alcohol. Less soluble in alkaline solu- 
 tions than in pure water. (How.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF ETHYI/THIOSINAMIN. Sol- 
 - w N q H T uble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 (Weltzien, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 94. 104.) 
 
322 
 
 IOD HYDRATES. 
 
 lODTIYDRATE OF ETHYLTOLUIDIN. 
 
 "II*: 
 
 HI 
 
 lODHYDRATE OF C/t'ETHYI/TOLCIDIN. Ex 
 
 C m H 17 N, H I trcmely soluble in water. Appar- 
 ently decomposed by alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in iodide of ethyl. (Morley & Abel, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 7. 72.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF GUANIN. Sparingly soluble 
 3 (C 10 H 5 N 6 2 , H I) + 7 Aq in pure, water. Easily 
 soluble in water acid- 
 ulated with iodhydric acid. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF HARMIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF IODANILIN. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol ; more so than the chlorhydrate 
 or bromhydrate. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 276.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF LOPHIN. More soluble in 
 C 42 H 18 N 2 . H I alcohol, and ether, than the chlor- 
 hydrate. Very easily soluble in 
 iodide of ethyl. (Gcessmann & Atkinson.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF MELANILIN. Soon under- 
 CjgHjgNs, HI goes decomposition when exposed 
 to the air. Soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold water. Soluble in alcohol. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 294.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF MENAPHTHALAMIN. Very 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF MESITYLENE. Vid. Iodide 
 of Mesityl. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METACROLEIN. Insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLAMIN. Very deliques- 
 N <C 2 H 3 H .J cent. Very soluble in water, and 
 
 * H * alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 460.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF C&METHYLAMIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF fn'METHYLAMiN. Soluble in 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 3 , H I water. Somewhat soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Saenz-Diez, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 90. 301.) 
 
 lODHVDRATE OF METHYLClNCHONIDIN. Sol- 
 
 N 2 ^C 40 H 23 (C 2 H 3 )O a ",HI ub 'e in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold water. 
 (Stahlschmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 9O. 221.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLCINCHONIN. Easily 
 NI I C 40 H M (C s H 3 ) 2 ", H I soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold water. 
 (Stahlschmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 219.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLENE. Vid. Iodide of 
 Methyl. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLLEPIDIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLI/UTIDIN. Very 
 easily soluble in water, and alcohol. Nearly in- 
 soluble in ether. (Williams.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLMORPHINE. Read- 
 
 C M H is( c 2 Hs)NO 6 , HI + 2 Aq ily soluble in hot, 
 
 less soluble in cold 
 
 water. Its properties are similar to those of the 
 ethyl salt, (How, J. Ch. Soc., Q. 130.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLPIPERIDIN. Solu- 
 C ia H 13 N, H I ble in water. ( Oahours, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 38. 92.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLQUININE. Soluble 
 
 N 2 1 C 40 H 23 (C 2 H 3 ) 4 <", HI in water, especially if 
 
 this be hot. Soluble 
 
 in ammonia-water. Insoluble in potash-lye. 
 " Similar to the iodhydrate of ethylquinine." 
 (Strecker.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF METHYLTHIALDIN. Soluble 
 C 14 H 15 N S 4 , H I in. water, and alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF MORPHINE. Tolerably sol- 
 CJH H 19 N 6 , H I + 3 Aq ? uble in water. ( Winck- 
 ler.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF NARCOTIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF NICOTIN with f>ro<IoDiDE OF 
 C 20 H 14 N 2 ;2(HI, Hgl) MERCURY. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, decomposed 
 by boiling water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF NITROHARMALIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF NITROHARMIN. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF OCTYLAMIN. Very soluble 
 N I H 18 H " ) H I m water, especially if this be 
 
 * * warm. (Cahours.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF PAPAVERIN. Readily soluble 
 C^ H 21 N 8 , II I in boiling water. Somewhat 
 soluble in alcohol, though only 
 sparingly soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF PHOSPHURETTED HYDROGEN. 
 P H 3 , H I Soluble in water, with decomposition. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF PICOLIN. Readily soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. Its solution is decom- 
 posed by evaporation, an acid salt being formed. 
 (Unverdorben.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF PIPERIDIN. Soluble in 
 C 10 H u N, H I water, and alcohol. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF PLATINUM. Vid. lodoPlati- 
 Pt I 2 , H I nic Acid. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF PLATOSAMIN. Vid. Iodide of 
 Platin(ous)ammonium. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF PROPYLAMIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF QUINIDIN. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in 1250 pts. of cold water. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 90 pts. of water at 15. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF QUININE. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 40 H 24 N 2. HI more soluble in boiling water. 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 4 , 2 H I + 5 Aq 
 
 lODHYDRATE OF SILICON. Slowly decom- 
 
 Si 2 I s ;2HI posed by water. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in a large quantity of 
 bisulphide of carbon. (Buff & Wcehler, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 104. 99.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF STRYCHNINE. One of the 
 
 C 42 H 22 N 2 4 , H I least soluble of the salts of 
 
 strychnine. Much more soluble 
 
 in alcohol than in water. (Abel & Nicholson, J. 
 
 Ch. Soc., 2. 246.) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF TELLURIUM. Decomposed 
 by water. 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF TEREBENE. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 (Bilodhydrate of Terebenc(of Deville).) 
 CJ.H,,, HI 
 
 II.) basic. 
 ( Mono lodhydr ate of Terebene(of Deyille).) 
 
 IODHYDRATE OF TURPENTINE-OIL. 
 
 (lodhydrate of Camphene.) 
 C 20 H 16 , H I 
 
 IODHYDRIN. Insoluble in water ; but dissolves J 
 C 12 H,, I 8 of its own volume of water. 
 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 
IODIDES. 
 
 823 
 
 cohol, even when this is weak, and especially sol- 
 uble in ether. (Berthelot & De Luca, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 43. 280.) 
 
 IODIDES. Almost all of the metallic iodides 
 are soluble in water excepting those of mercury, 
 lead, silver, bismuth, and copper (Cu 2 I). (Per- 
 KOZ, Chim. Motic., p. 463.) 
 
 IODIDE OF " ACETYL" (Acetoyl). Vid. lod- 
 C 4 H 3 I Ethylene. 
 
 IODIDE OF ACETYL. Instantly decomposed by 
 C 4 H 3 O 2 I water and by alcohol. (Gnthrie, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 103. 336.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ALDEHYDENE. Vid. lodEthylenc. 
 
 IODIDE OF ALLYL. Insoluble in water. Soln- 
 
 (IiiduPropylene. Tritylene- ble in alcohol, and 
 
 iodi Allylhydriodic Ether.) ether> ( Be rthelot & De 
 Luca, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 43. 266.) 
 
 BtnloDiDE OF ALLYL. Almost insoluble in 
 C 3 H 5 I 2 cold, sparingly soluble in boiling ether. 
 (Berthelot & De Luca.) 
 
 IODIDE OF teirALLYLiUM. Soluble in water, 
 N (C 6 H 5 ) 4 1 and alcohol. 
 
 IODIDE OF ALUMINUM. Known only in solu- 
 tion. (Dumas, TV.) 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM. Extremely deliques- 
 NH 4 I cent. Very soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF CADMIUM. De- 
 N IL. I, Cd I + 2 Aq liquescent. ( Croft. ) 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF LEAD. Decom- 
 posed by much water. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (2.) 34.372.) 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF SILVER. Deli- 
 2 N H 4 1 ; Ag I quescent. Decomposed by water. 
 (Poggiale.) 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) NH 4 I, Hgl Known only in solution. 
 
 II.) N H 4 1, 2 Hg I + 2 Aq Permanent. Decom- 
 posed by water, 
 
 which dissolves out No. I. while protiodide of mer- 
 cnry is precipitated. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1827, (2.) 34. 355.) Soluble, without decom- 
 position, in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF TIN. When 
 N H 4 1, 2 Sn I treated with a small quantity of 
 water, iodide of ammonium is dis- 
 solved out, leaving iodide of tin, but in a larger 
 quantity of water it dissolves completely. (Boul- 
 lay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 376.) 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF ZINC. Extremely 
 N H 4 1, Zn I deliquescent. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 IODIDE OF AMYL. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Amylohydric Ether.) Easily miscible with alcohol, 
 c io H n I and ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF <*-AMYLAMMONIUM. Sparingly 
 N (C 10 H u ) 4 1 soluble in water. 
 
 IODIDE OF AMYLLEPIDIN. Difficultly soluble 
 N \ S 20 5 9 '". I m water - 
 
 ( c io H U 
 
 IODIDE OF AMYLNICOTIN. Soluble in water, 
 and spirit. (Stahlschmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 90. 226.) 
 
 IODIDE OF AMYLQUINOLEIN. 
 
 OF ANTIMONY. Decomposed by 
 Sb I s water, with formation of an oxyiodide and 
 iodhydric acid. It is also decomposed by 
 
 alcohol of 80%. Soluble in iodhydric acid. Sol- 
 uble in chlorhvdric acid, from which it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of water. 
 
 OF ANTIMONY with terSuLPHiDE 
 OF ANTIMONY. Decomposed by 
 water, alcohol, and ether. 
 IODIDE OF ARGENTAMMONIUM. 
 
 Sb I 3 ; Sb S 3 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSEN<e<rALLYLiUM. 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSEN^'ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 (Iodide of Ethyl Cacodyi.) water. Readily soluble in 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 2 As, I alcohol, and ether. (Lan- 
 
 dolt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 322.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSEN<H'ETHYL. Deliquescent. 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 As, I 2 Readily soluble in water, and spirit. 
 Very sparingly soluble in ether. 
 Soluble in warm chlorhydric acid; separating out 
 unchanged as the solution cools. Decomposed by 
 nitric, and sulphuric acids. (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 89. 329.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSEN^-ZETHYL & OF ZINCETHYL. 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 As, I 2 :(C 4 H 5 )Zn,I 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENETHYLIUM. Readily solu- 
 As(C 4 H 6 ) 4 , 1 ble in water and in common alcohol. 
 Very sparingly soluble in pure ether, 
 or in alcohol containing ether. It is, however, 
 soluble to a considerable extent in ether which 
 contains certain obscure arsenic compounds, which 
 occur in its preparation. (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 89. pp. 311, 316, 331.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENETHYLIUM & teriodide OF 
 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 As I ; As I 3 ARSENIC. 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENETHYLIUM & OF ZINC. 
 As (C 4 H ) 4 I, Zn I 
 
 JerloDiDE OF ARSENIC. Soluble, without 
 Asl s residue, in a large quantity of water; but a 
 small quantity of cold water decomposes it 
 to a soluble acid, and a nearly insoluble basic, salt. 
 (Plisson.) Soluble in boiling alcohol, from which 
 a portion of it separates out again as the solution 
 cools ; but the alcohol retains in combination 
 most of that which it has dissolved. 
 
 QuinqmloviDE OF ARSENIC 1 Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Plisson.) 
 
 TerloDiDE OF ARSENIC with IODIDE OP AR- 
 
 (C 4 H 3 ) 4 AS I ; AS I 3 SENMETHYLIUM. 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENMETHYL. Scarcely at all 
 C 2 H 3 As, I 2 soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF 
 As j (C 2 H 3 ), . I 2 
 IODIDE OF ARSENMETHYLAMYLIUM. 
 
 AsH H A.i 
 
 f (Pa "nit 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENMETHYLETHYLIUM. 
 
 AsH^S^.I 
 
 t(^4 H 5>2 . 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENMETHYLIUM. soluble in ab- 
 t = S ,n w \ T solute alcohol (Cahours) ; and in 
 AS j (O, w s ; 4 . i a mixture of a i co h l and iodide 
 
 of methyl. (Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENMETHYLIUM & OF CAD- 
 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 4 Asl;Cdl MIUM. Tolerably readily solu- 
 
 ble in boiling alcohol. ( Cahours.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ARSENMETHYLIUM & OF ZINC. 
 (C 2 H.) 4 AsI,ZnI Tolerably readily soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. (Cahours.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BARIUM. Very deliquescent. (0. 
 Bal Henry.) Slightly deliquescent. (Dumas, 
 
324 
 
 IODIDES. 
 
 Tr.) Not deliquescent. (Gay-Lussac.) De- 
 composed by the carbonic acid of the air. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) Very soluble in water. (Gay- 
 Lussac.) Easily soluble in alcohol. (O. Henry.) 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is 
 
 soluble in 0.59 pt. of water at 
 
 0.48 19.5 
 
 0.44 30 
 
 0.43 40 
 
 0.41 60 
 
 0.37 90 
 
 0.35 106 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 1O3. 66.) 
 
 A solution of Contains pts. of the anhy- 
 
 sp. gr. (at drous salt dissolved in 
 
 19.5) 100 pt s. of water. 
 
 1.2157 27.0 
 
 1.4099 53.8 
 
 1.6186 85.8 
 
 1.7953 115.6 
 
 1.9535 146.0 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 1O3. 67.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BARIUM & OF MERCURY (Hg I). 
 
 I.) Ba I; Hg I Soluble in water, without decom- 
 position. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 352.) 
 
 II.) Bal;2HgI Incompletely precipitated by 
 water, No. I. remaining in so- 
 lution while protiodide of mercury separates out. 
 (Ibid.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BARIUM & OF TiN(Sn I). "Very 
 soluble." (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 
 34. 376.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BARIUM & OF ZINC. Very deli- 
 Ba I; 2 Zn I quescent. 
 
 IODIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) normal. While yet moist it is decomposed 
 BiI 3 by warm water, which abstracts iodhydric 
 acid, while an insoluble basic salt separates 
 out. But after having become dry it is much 
 more difficultly and less completely decomposed 
 by boiling water. Soluble in nitric and in iodhy- 
 dric acids, from which it is reprecipitated when 
 the acid is diluted with water or alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) Partially decomposed by water. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of iodide of potas- 
 sium and of caustic potash. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 II.) add. Decomposed by water, with separa- 
 Bi I 3 , H I -f 8 Aq tion of a basic salt. ( Arppe.) 
 
 III.) basic. Vid. Oxy Iodide of Bismuth. 
 
 IODIDE OF BISMUTH & OF BISMUTHETHYL. 
 
 BiI 3 ; (C 4 H 5 ) s Bi 2 , 1 2 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF BISMUTH & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) 2 K I ; Bl I s + 4 Aq Soluble in a small quan- 
 tity of water, without 
 cloudiness, but is decomposed by much water. 
 
 II.) 4KI; BiI 3 Ppt. 
 
 III.) 4KI-, HI; Bil 3 Completely soluble in a 
 small quantity of water, 
 but is decomposed by much water. (Arppe.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BisMUTHterAMiN. Decomposed by 
 (Ammonia Iodide of Bismuth') -water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 N a \ H fl . Bi, I, 
 
 IODIDE OF BISMUTHETHYL. Scarcely at all 
 C 4 H fl Bi, Ij soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. Difficultly soluble in ether. 
 (Duenhaupt.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BiSMUTH^nEiHYL. Scarcely at all 
 
 TV \ ( C H ") I soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 2 alcohol. Difficultly soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF BENZOYL. Insoluble in water ; by 
 u H s 2i r which, however, it is very slowly de- 
 composed. Soluble in alcohol. (Lie- 
 big & Wcehler.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BENZYL. Vid. Iodide of Toluenyl. 
 IODIDE OF BISMETHYL. Soluble in alcohol, 
 with subsequent decomposition. 
 
 IODIDE OF &I'BROMOMETHYL. Sparingly solu- 
 (Bromiodoform.) ble in water. (Serullas.) 
 
 C 2 H Br 2 , 1 
 IODIDE OF BRUCIN. 
 
 (lodoBrudn.) 
 
 a = N a i C 46 H x 8 yl , I 3 
 
 on cooling. 
 
 Solublein boiling alcohol, 
 but does not separate out 
 
 'pt., in alcohol. (Pelletier.) 
 
 IODIDE OF BUTYL. Insoluble, or nearly insol- 
 ( iodide of Tetryi. u ble, in water. 
 
 Butyllodhydric Ether.) 
 C 8 H 9 I 
 
 IODIDE OF BUTYRYL. 
 C 8 H 7 2 ,I 
 
 IODIDE OF CACODYL. 
 
 I.) (C 2 H 8 ) 2 As, I Insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Bunsen.) 
 
 II.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. Very 
 3C 4 H 6 As I; 04114 As readily soluble in alcohol, 
 especially when this is hot. 
 (Bunsen.) 
 
 IODIDE OF CACOPLATYL. 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUMAMMONIUM. Decom- 
 N } HS , I P ose d by water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUM. Permanent. Readily 
 Cdl soluble in water, and alcohol. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling ether. (Stromeyer.) 
 
 Soluble in 1.08 pts. of water at 20 
 " 1.00 " 40 
 
 " 0.93 " 60 
 
 " 0.86 " 80 
 
 " 0.75 " 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 162.) 
 
 An aqueous Contains pts. of the anhy- 
 
 solution of drous salt dissolved 
 
 sp.gr. at (19.5) in 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.1681 21.4 
 
 1.3286 43.7 
 
 1.6139 88.5 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 156.) 
 Iodide of cadmium which has been prepared at 
 ordinary temperatures is readily soluble, with 
 combination (to N H 3 Cd I), in warm ammonia- 
 water". But after having been heated to 130, it is 
 no longer soluble therein, combining, however, to 
 form(Cd I, 3 N H 3 ). 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUM & OF ETHYL. Decom- 
 Cd I; C 4 H 5 1 posed by water. 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUM & OF MERCURY. Very 
 soluble in water. (Berthemot.) 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUM & OF POTASSIUM. De- 
 ed I, KI + 2 Aq liquescent. Very easily soluble 
 in water. Slightly soluble in al- 
 cohol, and wood-spirit ; less so than iodide of cad- 
 mium. (Croft.) 
 
IODIDES. 
 
 325 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 Cd I; Na I + 6 Aq 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUM & OF STRONTIUM. De- 
 Cd I; Sr I + 8 Aq liquesces in moist air, but efflo- 
 resces in dry air. (Croft.) 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMiUMterAMiN. Decomposed by 
 N g JH 9 .Cd,I water - (H. Rose.) 
 
 IODIDE OF CADMIUMAMMONIUM. Decom- 
 
 N J H s i posed by water. Soluble in warm, less 
 
 t cd ' soluble in cold, ammonia- water. (Ram- 
 
 melsberg. ) 
 
 IODIDE OF CALCIUM. Deliquescent. Very 
 Cal soluble in water. Soluble in absolute al- 
 cohol. (Gay-Lussac, Ann. de Chim.. 91. 
 57, [T.].) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is 
 
 soluble in 0.52 pt. of water at 
 " 0.49 " 20 
 
 " 0.44 " 40 
 
 " 0.35 " 43 
 
 " 0.23 " 92 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 1O3. 65.) 
 An aqueous Contains pts. of the anhy- 
 
 solution of sp. drous salt dissolved in 100 
 
 gr. at (19.5) pts. of water. 
 
 1.1854 24.3 
 
 1.3786 52.7 
 
 1.5558 82.4 
 
 1.6845 106.6 
 
 2.0065 190.4 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 67 ; & 106. 587.) 
 
 JBznloDiDE OF CALCIUM. Resembles the po- 
 Ca I 2 tassium compound. 
 IODIDE OF CALCIUM & OF MERCURY (Hg I). 
 I.) Cal;H"I Soluble in water. (Boullay, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 
 34. 353.) 
 
 II.) CaI;2HgI Incompletely precipitated by 
 
 water, which dissolves No. I., 
 
 and leaves insoluble protiodide of mercury. (Ibid.) 
 
 IODIDE OP CAPRTL. Vid. Iodide of Octyl. 
 
 IODIDE OF CARBON. Vid. Iodide of tznlodo- 
 Methyl. 
 
 DmlooiDE OF CARBON. Insoluble in water, 
 C 2 1 acids, or alkaline solutions. Soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 Ter IODIDE OF CARBON. Sparingly soluble in 
 C, I 6 water. 
 
 IODIDE OF fn'CAPROYLETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 N $ ( c i?, H i8^ . i Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 < C H 6 ether. (Peterson, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 102. 314.) 
 IODIDE OF CERIUM. 
 IODIDE OF CETYL. Insoluble in water. Tol- 
 
 C s2 H 33 1 erably soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. Readily soluble in ether. 
 
 (Fridau.) 
 
 IODIDE OF WCHLORMETHYL. Sparingly solu- 
 ( Chlorlodoform.) ble in water. Miscible with chlo- 
 C 2 HC1 2 I ride of ethylene. (Serullas.) 
 
 IODIDE OF CHLORONITROHARMADIN OR HAR- 
 N 2 j C 26 H 10 ci (N 4 ) 2 ", I 2 MI N- Soluble in alco- 
 hol, more so than the 
 
 iodide of nitroharmin. Soluble in naphtha. 
 (Fritzsche.) 
 
 SesquiloDiDE OF CHROMIUM. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. When the solu- 
 Cr a l s tion is evaporated to dryness the residue 
 does not dissolve in cold water, but is very 
 
 easily soluble in warm water, and does not sepa- 
 rate out again on cooling. (Berlin, in Berzelius's 
 Lehrb., 3. 1071.) 
 
 II.) tris. Soluble in water. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Sci., 26. 203.) 
 
 Tb-IoDiDE OF CHROMIUM (?) Decomposed by 
 Crl s (?) water, to Cr 3 and H I. (Giraud.) 
 
 IODIDE OF CINNAMYL. Insoluble in water, 
 but is decomposed thereby. Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in alcohol, and ether. (Despan.) 
 
 IODIDE OF COBALT. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 Col in water. (Rammelsberg.) Soluble in al- 
 
 cohol. (Erdmann.) 
 
 IODIDE OF COBALT&ZAMIN. Soluble, with de- 
 
 Nj|H 6 .Co, I composition, in water. (Rammels- 
 
 berg.) Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 IODIDE OF CoBALTferAMiN. Insoluble in am- 
 
 N 3 ^H 9 .Co,l monia-water. 
 
 7'erIooiDE OF CODEIN. Vid. lodoCodein. 
 
 Z>inIoDiDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water or 
 Cu, I alcohol. (Berthemot.) Very sparingly 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Buchner.) 
 Sparingly soluble in ammonia-water when in con- 
 tact with the air. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of iodide of potassium. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 OF COPPER & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 COPPER with XANTHOGENAMID. 
 Vid. Hydrate of SulphoCarbonylEthylammonium 
 with dmlodide of Copper. 
 IODIDE OF CupR(eows)fa'AMiN. 
 
 (Ammoniodin Iodide of Copper.) 
 N 2 j H 8 . Cu 2) I 
 
 IODIDE OF CUPR(ZC)&AMIN. Sparingly solu- 
 
 (Ammonioprot Iodide of Copper.) ble in Cold water ; 
 
 N 2 \ H 6 . Cu, I + Aq the solution sub- 
 
 sequently under- 
 
 going decomposition. Decomposed at once by 
 boiling water. (Berthemot.) Decomposed by 
 water. (Rammelsberg.) Insoluble in cold alco- 
 hol or ether ; decomposed by boiling alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in warm ammonia-water. (Berthemot.) 
 IODIDE OF 
 
 N 3 H 9 . C 2 N, I 
 
 IODIDE OF CYANAMMONIUM. 
 
 (Ammonia Iodide of Cyanogen.) 
 
 M^N-I 
 
 IODIDE OF CYANOGEN. Easily soluble in wa- 
 I Cy = N C 2 1 ter ; more soluble in alcohol ( Se- 
 rullas) ; and still more soluble in 
 ether, and the volatile oils, like oil of turpentine ; 
 also soluble in the fixed oils. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in dilute sulphuric, nitric, and 
 chlorhydric acids. (Wrchler, Van-Dyk.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYL. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 C H B I ter. Very soluble in alcohol, from which 
 it is precipitated by water. Easily solu- 
 ble in ether. (Gay-Lnssac.) 
 
 IODIDE OF tefraETHYLAMMONiuM. Readily 
 N (C 4 H 5 ) 4 I soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether or in alkaline solu- 
 tions. (Hofmann.) 
 
 TerlODIDE OF tefraETIIYLAMMONIUM. Diffi- 
 
 N (C 4 H 6 ) 4 I s cultly soluble in cold, readily soluble 
 in boiling spirit. Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the iodides of potassium, sodium, and 
 ammonium ; also in solutions of the ethylammo- 
 niums. ( Weltzien, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 37.) 
 
326 
 
 IODIDES. 
 
 Qtn<7IODIDE OF tefraExHYLAMMONIUM. Sol- 
 
 N (C 4 H 5 ) 4 1 6 uble in boiling alcohol. 
 IODIDE OF feiraExHYLAMMONiUM & OF MER- 
 
 CURY(Hg I). 
 
 I.) N(C 4 H 6 ) 4 I; 2HgI Sparingly soluble in 
 water ; more easily sol- 
 uble in hot alcohol, from which it separates on 
 cooling. (H. Risse.) 
 
 ' II.) N(C 4 H 5 ) 4 I;3HgI Not decomposed by 
 water. Tolerably read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol. (R. Mueller.) 
 III.) N (C 4 H 6 ) 4 1 ; 6 Hg I Insoluble in water, al- 
 cohol, or ether. (Son- 
 nenschein.) 
 
 IODIDE OF <nExHYLAMYLAMMONiuM. Read- 
 
 N ^ C 10 HH j ily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 ( ( ( " 4 Hjjg' Insoluble in ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF friExHYLAMYLPHOSPHONiUM. 
 
 p v C 10 H lt j Soluble in alcohol, from which it is 
 
 ( (C 4 H 5 ) s precipitated on the addition of 
 
 ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLCACODYL. Vid. Iodide of 
 ArsenEthyl. 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLCOLLIDIN. 
 
 - 
 
 IODIDE OF C&'ETHYLCONIIN. Very readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol ; less soluble in 
 ether, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 89. 146.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLENE. Insoluble in water, 
 (Iodide of Elayl. lodEtkerin. acids, or alkaline solu- 
 
 Hydriodate of Acetylic Iodide.) tions g o l u bl e in al- 
 Sn.7 f J <*>hol, but less readily 
 
 C 4 H 4 , I, than the chloride or 
 
 bromide. (Regnault.) 
 Also soluble in ether, and oils. 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLeh'ETHYLENErftPHENYL&Z- 
 (C,H, AMMONIUM. LeSS 
 
 CJM, H M N 2 1 = N 2 ? (C 4 Hj") 2 . 1 soluble than the cor- 
 12 ah responding methyl 
 compound in boiling water. 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLLEPIDIN. 
 
 r- U N T K f ^20 "'" I 
 
 CM "u" K [ C 4 H B 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLNAPHTYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 C CM 
 
 N JC 4 H 
 
 ( H 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Deliquesces in 
 
 
 N 
 
 H 
 
 .1 
 
 s c. H,'" T 
 J C 4 H 5 ' L 
 
 moist air. Extremely soluble in 
 water. Sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol or ether, though more sol- 
 uble in hot than in cold. (v. Planta & Kekule, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 4.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLtnTnENYLAMMONiuM. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 IODIDE OF 
 
 IODIDE OF tefraETHYLPnospHONiUM. Very 
 
 P(C H K XI soluble in water; less soluble in al- 
 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 (Hofmann & Cahours.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLPHTHALAMIN. Soluble in 
 N c so H 13 4 , 1 water, and alcohol. 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYI>PICOLIN. Very readily sol- 
 n v IM T v S C i2 H i'" T ubl e in water, and al- 
 cohol. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in ether. (Anderson.) 
 
 IODIDE OF cft'ETHYLPiPERYLAMMOKinM. De- 
 
 N < C 10 H 10 " j liquescent. Soluble in all propor- 
 < (C 4 H 5 ) 2 tions in water. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 38. 97.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLPYRIDIN. Slightly deli- 
 N ^ C 10 H 6 '" j quescent. Readily soluble in wa- 
 ? C 4 H B tef) a i c ohol, and ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF ETHYLQUINOLEIN. More soluble 
 N ; C 18 H 7 '" j in water than in alcohol. (Gr. Wil- 
 ( C 4 H 5 Hams.) 
 
 IODIDE OF iriETHYLTOLUENYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 N ( Cj 4 HI >r Soluble in water. 
 
 OF FORMYL. Vid. Iodide of bin- 
 lodoMethyl. 
 
 IODIDE OF GLUCINUM. Soluble in water, with 
 G1 2 T 3 evolution of much heat. (Wcehler.) 
 
 ProilODiDE OF GOLD. Insoluble in water. 
 Aul (Dumas, Tr.) Insoluble in cold, and only 
 very difficultly soluble in boiling water. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Unacted upon by cold water, 
 but is decomposed by boiling water. (Pelletier; 
 Fordos.) Slowly decomposed by alcohol. Par- 
 tially soluble in aqueous solutions of iodide of 
 potassium, and iodide of iron, also in hot iodhydric 
 acid. Neither sulphuric nor nitric acids have any 
 action upon this compound in the cold, but decom- 
 pose it on boiling; as is the case with boiling 
 water, this decomposition is entirely due to the 
 heat. (Pelletier; Fordos.) Only slightly acted upon 
 by ammonia-water or by a solution of chloride of 
 sodium even at 35. (Fordos.) Instantly de- 
 composed by a solution of caustic potash. 
 
 Zb-IoDiDE OF GOLD. Insoluble in water. It 
 Au I 3 is only decomposed to a trifling extent when 
 washed with water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of iodide of potas- 
 sium, and of the more soluble metallic iodides, 
 like iodide of barium or of strontium. While yet 
 moist it is soluble in iodhydric acid, from which 
 solution a detonating compound is precipitated on 
 the addition of ammonia-water. (Johnston.) De- 
 composed by alkaline solutions. 
 
 IODIDE OF HYDRARGALLYL, &c. Vid. Iodide 
 of MercurAllyl, &c. 
 
 IODIDE OF HYDRoCARBON(/j'9Ui<f). Vid. Io- 
 dide of 6i'ChlorMethyl(ChlorIodoform). 
 
 OF HYDROGEN. Soluble in water ; 
 (Hydrlodous Acid.) the solution slowly decom- 
 " J posing. 
 
 IODIDE OF WnloooMETHYL. Not perceptibly 
 (Iodide of Formyl. lodoform. soluble in water, dilute 
 Iodide of Methyl biiodt.) acids, or alkaline solu- 
 
 C 2 H J 2' * tions. Very readily 
 
 soluble in alcohol, from which it is partially pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water. Soluble in 80 
 pts. of cold alcohol, and in 25 pts. of alcohol of 
 23 B. at 35 C. (Serullas.) Soluble in 7 pts. 
 of ether; also readily soluble in the fixed and 
 volatile oils. (Serullas.) Soluble in chloroform. 
 (Bouchardat.) Soluble in bisulphide of carbon. 
 
 UmloDiDE OF IRIDIUM. Insoluble in water or 
 IrLj in acids. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 ProilooiDE OF IRON. Exceedingly deliques- 
 Fe I, & + 4 Aq cent. When recently prepared, it 
 is freely and completely soluble in 
 water ; but by keeping it is partially decomposed. 
 It is also soluble in an aqueous solution of sugar; 
 and the solution thus prepared is much more 
 stable than the aqueous solution. Freely soluble 
 
IODIDES. 
 
 327 
 
 in glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm., pp. 236, 520/ 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Gmelin's Handbook.) 
 SesquiloDiDE OF IRON. Soluble in water. 
 
 The basic salts which contain five equivalents or 
 less of scsquioxide of iron to one of iodhydric acid 
 may be obtained dissolved in water. (Ordway, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 202.) 
 
 ProtloDiDE OF IRON & OF MERCURY Very 
 deliquescent. Decomposed by much water. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol and in strong acetic acid. (Ber- 
 themot.) 
 
 IODIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Completely soluble in water. 
 Pbl (Brandes.) Rather easily and completely 
 soluble in boiling, much less soluble in 
 cold water. (Joss, J.pr. Ch., 1834, 1. 137.) Sol- 
 uble in 187 pts. of boiling water. (Berthemot) ; 
 in 1235 pts. of water at the ordinary temperature, 
 and in 125 [194-196] pts. of boiling water 
 (Denot) ; in 579 pts. of cold and in 254 pts. ol 
 boiling water; the saturated cold solution con- 
 taining 0.17% of it, and the saturated boiling solu- 
 tion 0.39%. (M. R. & P.) Soluble in 2400 pts. 
 of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) In spite of the assertion of Henry, the 
 addition of acetic acid does not increase its solubil- 
 ity in water at the ordinary temperature. (Denot.) 
 Very sparingly soluble in cold water, easily sol- 
 uble in boiling water, in acetic acid, and in alcohol, 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 540.) It appears to be 
 slightly soluble in alcohol. (O. Henry.) Decom- 
 posed by boiling ether. (A. Vogel.) 
 
 Soluble in concentrated aqueous solutions of the 
 iodides of potassium, sodium, barium, strontium, 
 calcium, and magnesium ; from these solutions it 
 is precipitated on the addition of water. (Berthe- 
 mot.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium, even in the cold, but the lead may 
 be reprecipitated from this solution by adding an 
 excess of caustic ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 97,99.) Very soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of iodide of potassium, which, 
 however, does not appear to be capable of dissolv- 
 ing more than 2 equivs. of it for 1 equiv. of K I. 
 (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 367.) 
 Abundantly soluble in a warm aqueous solution of 
 iodide of ammonium, apparently with combination; 
 crystals separate as the solution cools. (Boullay, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 365.) It is not 
 precipitated when in presence of citrate of soda. 
 (Spiller.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) By ammonia- 
 water it is converted into a basic iodide. Soluble 
 in alkaline liquids. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 26. 224.) Insoluble in cold, soluble, with 
 decomposition, in boiling chlorhydric acid. (La- 
 boure.) 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. Oxy Iodide of Lead. 
 III.) acid. Very easily decomposed when ex- 
 Pbl, 2 HI posed to the air. (Guyot.) Decom- 
 posed by water. 
 
 IODIDE OF LEAD & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) KI;2PbI Permanent. Completely de- 
 composed when washed with 
 water, iodide of lead remaining undissolved. Hot 
 water precipitates only a portion of the iodide of 
 lead, a compound K I, Pb I going into solution ; 
 on cooling this solution, the original salt K I, 2 Pb I 
 crystallizes out. Unacted upon by cold alcohol ; 
 but hot alcohol decomposes it like hot water. 
 (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 369.) 
 
 II.) 2Kl;PbI Decomposed by water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Boullay, 
 Ibid.) 
 
 IODIDE OF LEAD & OF SODIUM. 
 2 PbljNal 
 
 IODIDE OF LITHIUM. Very deliquescent, and 
 Li I + 6 Aq soluble in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 The anhydrous salt is 
 
 soluble in 0.66 pt. of water at 
 0.61 
 0.56 
 0.50 
 0.38 
 0.23 
 
 0.21 
 0.17 
 
 
 19 
 40 
 59 
 75 
 80 
 99 
 120 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 65.) 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains pts. of the anhy- 
 
 tion of sp. gr. drous salt dissolved in 
 
 (at 19.6) 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.1611 23.4 
 
 1.1756 25.9 
 
 1.3171 49.3 
 
 1.3507 56.5 
 
 1.4700 78.3 
 
 1.5319 93.4 
 
 1.6278 112.5 
 
 1.6709 125.9 
 
 1.7495 142.1 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. pp. 155, 158.) 
 
 IODIDE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Difficultly soluble 
 6 N H s . Co 2 , 1 3 in cold, readily soluble in hot wa- 
 ter'. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. 
 Contrib., Vol. 9.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Deliquescent. Very 
 Mg I soluble in water. 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains pis. of the anhy- 
 
 tion of sp. gr. drous salt dissolved in 100 
 
 (at 19.5) pts. of water. 
 
 1.1121 14.2 
 
 1.2185 28.5 
 
 1.3563 48.6 
 
 1.4945 70.6 
 
 1.6623 100.5 
 
 1.9098 151.4 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 156 ; & 106. 587.) 
 The aqueous solution cannot be evaporated to 
 dryness without losing some iodhydric acid. 
 IODIDE OF MAGNESIUM &OF MERCURi'(Hgl). 
 I.) Mgl;Hgl Soluble in water. (Boullav, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 
 353.) 
 
 II.) MgI;2HgI Decomposed by water, which 
 dissolves out No. I., and leaves 
 insoluble protiodide of mercury. (Ibid.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MANGANESE. Deliquescent. Read- 
 Mnl ily soluble in water. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCUR(OS)ALLYL. Nearly insol- 
 C 6 H s Hg 2) I uble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, more soluble in hot alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in hot ether. (Zinin.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCUR(IC)AMMONIUM. 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCUR(IC)AMMONIUM & OF MER- 
 
 N f H s j. H j CURT. Decomposed by water, 
 
 and by dilute acids. (Caillot & 
 
 orriol.) 
 
 IODIDE OF C?MERCUR(OUS)AMMONIUM. Solu- 
 N I HZ H - 1 k' e m an aqueous solution of 
 
 ( 2 (Hg 2 ) iodide of potassium. Tolerably 
 
328 
 
 IODIDES. 
 
 soluble in warm chlorhydric acid. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCURAMYL. 
 
 (Iodide ofHydrargAmyl.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCUR(OUS)ETHYL. Scarcely at 
 C 4 H s Hg 2 , I all soluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water ; also in a solution of caustic potash, 
 with partial decomposition* (Strecker, Ann, Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 92. 78.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCUR(OMS) METHYL. Insoluble 
 C 2 H 3 Hg 2 , 1 in water. Tolerably soluble in al- 
 cohol. Very soluble in ether and in 
 iodide of methyl. 
 
 Z>t'nIoDiDE OF MERCURY. Very slightly solu- 
 
 (Protiodide of Mercury. ble in Cold water. 
 
 Green Iodide of Mercury.) Insoluble in water, al- 
 cohol, or an aqueous so 
 
 Hg 2 l 
 
 lution of chloride of sodium. Soluble in ether. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 560.) Soluble in more than 
 2375 pts. of water. (Saladin.) Somewhat solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of iodide of potassium 
 and of nitrate of dinoxide of mercury. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 nitrate of protoxide of mercury. (Wackenroder, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 317.)" Partially soluble 
 in ammonia-water. (Wittstein.) Soluble in a 
 hot or warm aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium, though less completely than protiodide 
 of mercury. Nitrate of ammonia dissolves it less 
 readily than chloride of ammonium. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 97.) Partially soluble, with 
 separation of metallic mercury and formation of 
 the protiodide, in a cold aqueous solution of 
 iodide of potassium, and in hot solutions of 
 the iodides of sodium, calcium, barium, stron- 
 tium, magnesium, zinc, and ammonium, also in 
 iodhydric acid, in warm solutions of the chlorides 
 of potassium, sodium, and ammonium, and slowly 
 in hot chlorhydric acid. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. pp. 358, 359, 360, 364, 365.) 
 Decomposed to a slight extent, with formation of 
 protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl), by aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline chlorides ; this decom- 
 position is greater in hot than in cold solutions, 
 but the diniodide is one of the compounds of mer- 
 cury which is least readily acted upon by the al- 
 kaline chlorides. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 5. 177.) More readily acted upon by chlorhydric 
 acid than by solutions of the alkaline chlorides. 
 (Mialhe, Ibid., p. 185.) 
 
 PrerfloDiDE OF MERCURY. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Biniodide of Mercury. (Qt. Gr.) Not sensibly 
 
 bed '.Iodide of Mercury.) so i u bl e in water. (Dumas, 
 
 TV. ) Water only dissolves 
 
 traces of it. (Wittstein.) Soluble in 150 pts. of 
 water at 15. (Saladin, cited by Kremcrs, Pogg. 
 Ann., 85. 248.) Soluble in hot'alcbhol. Soluble 
 in 36 pts. of alcohol (Saladin) ; from the alcoholic 
 solution water precipitates it. (N. E. Henry.) 
 Soluble in 120 pts. of cold, and in 12 pts. of boil- 
 ing alcohol. Very easily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of iodide of potassium. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) Very easily soluble in alcohol. (Millon, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 389.) Sparingly sol- 
 uble in ether. Soluble in 77 pts. of ether. (Sal- 
 adin.) Soluble in fixed oils. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 635.) Freely soluble in glycerin. (Ibid., p. 
 236.) Insoluble in cold, soluble in hot caoutchin. 
 (Himly.) Soluble in warm caprylene. 
 
 Insoluble in strong acetic acid. (Berthemot.) 
 Soluble in chlorhydric, and nitric acids, with par- 
 tial decomposition. Abundantly soluble in iodhy- i 
 dric acid, especially when this is hot; a portion .of) 
 
 the iodide is precipitated from this solution on the 
 addition of water, but an abundance of it still re- 
 mains dissolved, no matter how large a quantity of 
 water may have been added. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34.340.) Soluble in many 
 dilute acids, as chlorhydric, iodhydric, &c. ; also 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of many ammoniacal 
 salts, and in a solution of chloride of potassium. 
 (Wittstein.) Easily soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium. (Wackenroder, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 316.) Speedily dissolved 
 by a lukewarm aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium ; also soluble in a solution of nitrate 
 of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 97.) Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 alkaline chlorides, especially when these are hot. 
 (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 181.) Soluble 
 in hot aqueous solutions of carbonate, and sul- 
 phate, of ammonia and in cold solutions of succi- 
 nate and nitrate of ammonia, and chloride of am- 
 monium. 
 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the iodides of 
 potassium and of sodium ; more readily in hot 
 than in cold. When the solution of the alkaline 
 iodide is concentrated 1 equivalent of it in hot so- 
 lution can dissolve 3 equivalents of Hg I, but a 
 portion of this separates immediately when the 
 solution is cooled. Alcohol retards this precipita- 
 tion, so that if a liquor containing more than 2 
 Hg I to 1 equiv. of alkaline iodide is poured into 
 warm alcohol no precipitate forms on cooling until 
 after the lapse of considerable time, and the spon- 
 taneous evaporation of a portion of the alcohol. 
 (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. pp. 
 346, 347, 350. ) Solutions of the iodides of barium 
 and strontium also dissolve protiodide of mercury 
 more readily when hot than when cold, probably 
 taking up 3 equivs. of Hg I in the former case. 
 (Ibid., p. 352.) Solutions of the iodides of calcium 
 and magnesium also dissolve it, more abundantly 
 when hot than when cold. (Ibid., p. 253.) Abun- 
 dantly soluble in a cold solution of iodide of zinc, 
 and still more abundantly in a hot solution, 2 
 equivs. of Hg I to 1 equiv. of Zn I being dissolved 
 in the last case. (Ibid., p. 353.) Soluble in a 
 cold solution of iodide of ammonium, and more 
 abundantly in a hot solution, about 3 equivs. of 
 Hg I being dissolved by 2 equivs. of N H 4 1 in the 
 last case. (Ibid., p. 354.) Abundantly soluble in 
 hot aqueous solutions of the chlorides of potas- 
 sium, sodium, and ammonium, but separates out 
 again almost completely on cooling, and the trace 
 of iodide which remains dissolved may be precipi- 
 tated by diluting the solution with water. By 
 direct experiment a solution containing 2 grms. of 
 K Cl dissolved 1.166 grms. of Hg I. Also soluble 
 in hot chlorhydric acid, and in a hot solution of 
 protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl) with combi- 
 nation. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 
 34. pp. 346, 360", 364, 365.) Soluble in aqueous 
 solutiqns of iodide of potassium, protochloride of 
 mercury, and nitrate of protoxide of mercury. 
 ( Warington, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 416.) Sol- 
 uble in hot chlorhydric acid, and in a boiling aque- 
 ous solution of protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl). 
 (Colin.) Somewhat soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl), and 
 very easily soluble in an alcoholic solution thereof. 
 (M'illon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 389.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the salts of protoxide of 
 mercury as the nitrate, and acetate, or protochlo- 
 ride of mercury. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of iodide of stibmethylium (Sb (C 2 H 3 ) 4 1), the 
 red modification being converted into the yellow 
 before entering into solution. 
 
IODIDES. 
 
 329 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Soluble in an aque 
 ous solution of hypochlorite of lime, the solution 
 undergoing decomposition when boiled. (Rum 
 melsberg.) Soluble in an aqueous solution o 
 caustic potash. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3. 
 26. 222.) A solution of one grain of iodide o 
 potassium in 6000 grains of water affords a mani 
 fest red precipitate on the addition of protochlo 
 ride of mercury, but when dissolved in 10000 
 grains of water no cloudiness occurred. (Brandes 
 in Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) acid. Decomposed by water, with forma 
 a = Hg I, 2 H I tion of b. 
 b = Hg 1, 4 H I Soluble in water, 
 c = Hg 1, 3HI(?) Decomposed by water, with 
 separation of some insoluble 
 iodide of mercury. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys. 
 1827, (2.) 34. pp. 340-342.)" 
 
 III.) basic. Vid. Oxylodide of Mercury. 
 
 BinloDiDE OF MERCURY. Soluble in a warm 
 Hg I 2 aqueous solution of chloride of sodium, from 
 which it crystallizes on cooling. (Hunt, in 
 Be.rzel ius' s Lehrb.) 
 
 DinloDiw with protiodide OF MERCURY. In 
 
 ("fellow Iodide of Mercury.) soluble in water or al 
 
 Hg 2 1 ; 2 Hg I = Hg 4 I s cohol. Partially solu 
 
 ble in an aqueous solu 
 
 tion of iodide of potassium, passing first to the din 
 iodide which is then decomposed ; in boiling solu 
 tions of the chlorides of sodium and ammonium, 
 but more slowly than the diniodide, and in hoi 
 chlorhydric acid, though very slowly. (Boullay 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. pp. 360-363.) 
 
 PrortoDiDE OF MERCURY & OF te^raMETHYL- 
 
 AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) N (C 2 H 8 ) 4 I j 2 Hgl Tolerably soluble in cold 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 1 ; 3 Hgl Decomposed by boiling 
 
 water. Soluble in hot 
 
 alcohol. (Risse.) 
 
 ProZlooiDE OF MERCURY & OF NICOTIN. 
 
 C 2o H u N 2 , 2 H I, 2 Hg I Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 decomposed by hot water. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Bcedeker.) 
 
 ProZloDiDE OF MERCURY & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) K I ; Hg I(?) Soluble in water. After having 
 been evaporated todryness, and 
 then treated with water, a small quantity of Hg I 
 separates out. at first, but this soon redissolves on 
 agitation. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phus., (2.) 34. 
 349.) [Compare No. II.] 
 
 II.) Ki ; 2Hgi + 3Aq Deliquescent Soluble 
 in alcohol, (v. Bons- 
 
 dorff, Pogfj. Ann., 1829, 17. 266.) Permanent in 
 dry air. Decomposed by water, which retains in 
 solution a compound of one equivalent of each of 
 the iodides (= K I, Hg I), while one equivalent 
 of Hg I separates. (Boullay.) This solution is 
 rather one of the salt K I, 2 Hg I in iodide of 
 potassium, for when evaporated it yields crystals 
 of each of these salts. (Souville, J. Pharm., 26. 
 475 ; Laboure', Ibid., (2.) 4. 300. [Gm.].) Solu- 
 ble, without alteration, in alcohol, and ether. De- 
 composed by acids. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 827, (2.) 34. pp. 347-349.) Decomposed by 
 water. Soluble in strong alcohol, and ether, 
 without decomposition, and in strong acetic acid. 
 (Berthemot.) 
 
 PrortooiDE OF MERCURY & OF SODIUM. 
 !) NaljHgi Deliquescent. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Boullay, Ann. 
 42 
 
 Ch. et. Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. pp. 350, 351.) 
 ble in ether. 
 
 Solu- 
 
 t 
 
 = 2Sb ]( 
 
 II.) NaI;2Hgl Soluble, with partial decom- 
 position, in water. Also sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Ibid.) Soluble in ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCURY & OF STIBETHYLIUM. 
 a = Sb J (C 4 H 5 ) 4 1 ; 3 Hg I ) Insoluble in water or 
 > ether. Difficultly sol- 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 I;3HgI^ ub i e in boiling al- 
 cohol. 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCURY & OF STIBMETHYL^'- 
 ETHYLIUM. 
 
 I.) Sb $ & *J? I 2 Hg I Insoluble in water. 
 M<-4 1*5)3 Difficultly soluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) Sb j Ja HS | j. 3 Hgi Insoluble in water. 
 ( (^ "5)3 ) Sparingly soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 (Friedlaender.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCURY & OF STRONTIUM. 
 I. ) Hg I ; Sr I Soluble in water, without decom- 
 position. (Berthemot ; Boullay, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 352.) 
 
 II.) Sri; 2 Hgl Incompletely precipitated by 
 water, which dissolves out No. 
 L, leaving protiodide of mercury. (Boullay, 
 Ibid.) 
 
 IODIDE OF MERCURY & OF ZINC. Deliques- 
 cent. (Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 17. 267.) Decom- 
 posed by water. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 
 34. 353.) 
 
 Pro<IoDiDE OF MERCURY with NICOTIN. 
 CM H 14 N 2 ; 2 Hg I 
 
 PnrfloDiDE OF MERCURY with NITRATE of 
 protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Hg I ; Hg 0, N 8 Decomposed by water and 
 
 by alcohol. (Souville.) 
 
 II.) 2HgI;HgO,N0 5 Permanent. Decomposed 
 by boiling water, the ni- 
 trate being dissolved out. (Liebig.) 
 
 PrortooiDE OF MERCURY with profoSuLPHATB 
 Hg I ; Hg 0, S 8 OF MERCURY. Decomposed by 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Souville.) 
 
 OF MERCURY with STRYCHNINE. 
 Difficultly soluble in water. (Abel & Nicholson, 
 T. Ch. Soc., 2. 262.) 
 
 >DIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 ETHYL. 
 
 I.) HgI;C 4 H B S Sparingly soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Lori.) 
 
 ProiloDiDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OP 
 Hgl;2HgS MERCURY. Insoluble. 
 
 >E OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 Hg I ; C 2 H s S METHYL. 
 IODIDE OF MESITYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 lottkydrate of Mesitylene.) (Kane.) 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYL. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 
 Mtthylic Iodide. Hydriodic ingly soluble, in water. 
 
 Methyl-ether. lod/iydrate of Easily soluble in wood- 
 
 *W*J spirit, alcohol, and 
 
 ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYL&T-OW!^, &c. Vid. Iodide of 
 JromoMethyl, &c. 
 
 PrfIODIDE OFfefraMETHYLAMMONIUM. Spar- 
 
 V (C, H 8 ) 4 1 ingly soluble in cold, more soluble in 
 hot water. Much less soluble than its 
 
330 
 
 IODIDES. 
 
 I CK> H tl 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 3 
 
 ethylic homologue. Almost insoluble in absolute 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Less soluble in 
 alkaline liquors than in pure water. 
 
 TerloDiDE OF te<raMETHYLAMMONiuM. Some- 
 
 N (C 2 H 3 ) 4 . 1 3 what more readily soluble in spirit 
 
 than the quinquiodide. (Weltzien.) 
 
 Qz'n<7zIODIDE OF fefraMETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 N(C 2 H 3 ) 4 .I 6 Decomposed by boiling with water. 
 Soluble in dilute alcohol. (Welt- 
 zien, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 41.) 
 
 DedODIDE OF tefraMETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 N (0 2 H 3 ) 4 . I 10 
 
 JfcrlODIDE OF <rz'METHYLAMYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 N \ , 10 i?^ I Nearly insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol. (R. Mueller.) 
 
 OP <n'METHYLAMYLPHOSPHONIUM. 
 
 j Extremely soluble in water ; some- 
 what less soluble in alcohol, and 
 still less soluble in ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLENE. Insoluble, or but 
 (Protohydriodure de sparingly soluble, in water. 
 corfton^ofSerullas).) Soluble in alcohol. It is not 
 attacked by potash-lye or by 
 moderately concentrated boiling nitric acid. (Bout- 
 lerow, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. pp. 314-318.) 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYL^ZETHYLAMMONIUM. Very 
 N UC 2 II 3 ) ^j soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 (( C 4 H 6>s' alkaline liquors. (Hofmann.) 
 
 jTerlODIDE OF METHYLin'ETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 Crr 
 Uft T 
 
 IODIDE 
 
 PJ ^10 **11 
 1 /O TT > 
 I (O 2 U 3 ;3 
 
 \ (0 4 H 5 ) s 
 IODIDE 
 
 I (c! Hs) 2 I 
 TerlooiDE 
 
 ( (C 2 H 3 ) 3 
 
 C H 
 
 OF JZ'METHYLC?Z'ETHYLAMMONIDM. 
 l Easily soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Petersen.) 
 
 OF M'METHYL,ETHYLAMMONITJM. 
 Decomposed by water. Soluble 
 in hot, less soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. (R. Mueller.) 
 
 OF M'METHYLETHYLAMMO- 
 NIUM. [Soluble in water 1] 
 
 N 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLC?/ETHYLAMYLAMMONIUM. 
 C(C 2 H 3 ) Readily soluble in water. 
 j (C 4 H 5 ) 2 .I 
 
 ( c io H ii 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLETHYLAMYLPHENYLAM- 
 MONIUM. Soluble in water. (Hofmann.) 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLETHYI.CONIINAMMONIUM. 
 
 ( c ie HH" Readily soluble in water, and al- 
 
 I C H cohol ; much more soluble in these 
 
 liquids when they are hot than 
 
 when cold. Insoluble in ether or cold alkaline 
 
 liquors. Soluble in a boiling solution of caustic 
 
 potash, with partial decomposition ; from this solu- 
 
 tion it is deposited on cooling, (v. Planta & Ke- 
 
 kule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 137.) 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLKETHYLENE<#PHENYLfo'- 
 e C 2 H AMMONIUM. Solu- 
 
 C s4 H 21 N 2 I = Nj 1 (C 4 IL)j . I jji e j n boiling water, 
 and in dilute spirit. 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLfrt'ETHYLPHOSPHONIUM. 
 
 IODIDE OF 
 
 P i (C a H 3 ) 3 ^ j Readily soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 < ^4 H B uble in cold water. 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLLEPIDIN. 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLLUTIDIN. Extremely 
 i c ni H;,''' T soluble in water, and alcohol. Al- 
 most insoluble in ether. 
 
 P U H " 
 C 2 H S 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Very easily sol- 
 N iCioH/'^j uble in water; less easily soluble 
 
 ( C 2 H j n a i c ohol. Nearly insoluble in 
 
 ether. (Stahlschmidt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 223.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ZezYaMETHYLPHOSPHONitJM. Read- 
 P (C 2 H 3 ) 4 . 1 ily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 IODIDE OF ^'METHYLPIPERYLAMMONIUM. 
 c, n H in j Soluble in alcohol. (Cahours.) 
 
 io 
 
 f 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYL.QUINOLEIN. 
 
 MW"- 1 
 
 ( C 2 H 8 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLSELENIOUS ACID. 
 C 3 H 4 I Se 2 6 = Se 2 (C 2 H 3 ) 4 , 1 + Aq 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYLTHIALDIN. Soluble in 
 N $ C i2 H is S 4'". i water, and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 f C 2 HS ether. Ether precipitates it 
 
 from the alcoholic solution ; and 
 it separates from the aqueous solution in the cold, 
 on addition of a solution of caustic potash. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 10. 195.) 
 
 IODIDE OF METHYI/TUNGSTEN. Insoluble in 
 3 (C 2 H 3 ) W, I water. Tolerably soluble in alco- 
 hol ; and still more soluble in ether. 
 (Riche, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 74.) 
 
 PrortoDiDEOF MOLYBDENUM (hydrated). Simi- 
 Mol lar to the soluble protochloride. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 BznloDiDE OF MOLYBDENUM (hydrated). Per- 
 Mol 2 fectly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 IODIDE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) Nil, & + 6Aq Very deliquescent. Soluble 
 
 in water. (Erdmann.) 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 IODIDE OF NICKEL&AMIN. 
 N 2 j H 8 . Ni, I 
 
 IODIDE OF NICKEL^J-AMIN. Very difficultly 
 (Ammonia Iodide of Nickel.*) soluble in water. Solu- 
 N 3 j H . Ni, I ble in ammonia-water, 
 
 in which solution alco- 
 hol produces a precipitate. (Erdmann.) 
 
 ProdoDiDE or NITROGEN. 
 
 I.) NI Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 Slowly soluble in absolute alcohol ; 
 more readily soluble in spirit. (Erdmann.) 
 "Iodide of nitrogen" is readily soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of ethylamin ; this solution 
 becomes turbid when treated with a small quantity 
 of water, but clears up again when a large 
 amount of water is added. (Gilm.) 
 
 II.) NI + 6Aq Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water. The solution is capa- 
 ble of dissolving much iodine. (Erdmann.) 
 
 TerloDiDE OF NITROGEN. Gradually soluble, 
 NI 3 with decomposition, in water. 
 
 IODIDE OF NITROHARMIN. Almost insoluble 
 N, \ C 26 H lt (N 4 ) 2 " 1 1 2 in co 'd water, alcohol, 
 
 f ' or ether. 
 
 IQDIDE OF OCTYL. Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 
 (Iodide ofCapryl. lodCapryl. ingly soluble in CO,ld, 
 CapryllodhydricEther.) more solub l e j n hoil- 
 
 Cl H '" 1 ing alcohol. (Bouis, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 131.) 
 
 IODIDE OF PALLAD(IOWS)/AMIN. Decomposes 
 N $H Pd' I ^ n ^ ne a ' r> Easily soluble in water. 
 
 IODIDE OF PALLAD(ZOUS)AMMOKIUM. Per- 
 
 j 5 H, T manent when dry. 
 Pd" x 
 
IODIDES. 
 
 331 
 
 IODIDE OF PALLADIUM. Insoluble in water, 
 Pd I alcohol, ether, or an aqueous solution of 
 iodide of potassium. (Lassaigne.) Partially 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of iodide of potas- 
 sium. (H. Rose, Jr.) 1 pt. of iodide of potas- 
 sium, when added to chloride of palladium, in 
 presence of 5000 pts. of water, produces an imme- 
 diate precipitate ; with 50000 pts. of water a few 
 flakes of Pd I separate after a while ; with 500000 
 pts. of water no precipitate is produced (B.au- 
 maun) ; with 400000 pts. of water a brown color- 
 ation is produced at once, and black flakes sepa- 
 rate when the mixture is allowed to stand during 
 20 hours. (Lassaigne.) Permanent. Insoluble 
 in water. Slightly soluble in solutions of various 
 salts (as chloride of sodium, chloride of mag- 
 nesium, chloride of calcium, etc.). Insoluble in 
 dilute chlorhydric acid. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 
 165.) Sparingly soluble in hot concentrated nitric 
 acid. Soluble in aqueous solutions of sulphurous 
 acid, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and cyanogen ; 
 also in solutions of cyanhydric acid and the me- 
 tallic cyanides. Insoluble in dilute sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, phosphoric, nitric, or acetic acids, or 
 in the normal potash, soda, or ammonia salts of 
 these acids. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 chlorides of calcium or zinc or of acetate of lead. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of bromide of 
 sodium, excepting when heated therewith in pres- 
 ence of a free mineral acid, but not in presence of 
 acetic acid. Insoluble in solutions of sugar, starch, 
 uric acid, alcohol, ether, or oil of lemon. Some- 
 what soluble in urine. Easily soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water, even dilute, with evolution of heat and 
 decomposition. (Kersten, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. pp. 28, 32.) 
 
 IODIDE OP PALLADIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 (lodoPalladite of Potassium.') Deliquescent. 
 
 IODIDE OF PHENYL. 
 C 12 H 5 , 1 
 
 IODIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 I.) P I 2 Decomposed by water. Easily soluble 
 
 in bisulphide of carbon. (Corenwin- 
 
 der, Ann. Ch. el '.Phys., (3.) 30. 245.) "Iodide 
 
 of phosphorus " is sparingly soluble in caoutchin. 
 
 (Himly.) 
 
 II.) P l s Very deliquescent. Decomposed by 
 water, with solution. Very soluble 
 in bisulphide of carbon. (Corenwinder, loc. cit., 
 p. 249.) 
 
 IODIDE OF PIPERIN. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 IODIDE OF PLATIN(OWS)WAMIN. Soluble in 
 
 (Iodh,ydrate of diPlatosobiamin. water but the SO- 
 
 Ammonio protlodide of Platinum.) ]ution j g decom . 
 
 N 2 j H 6 . Pt', I posed on boiling, 
 
 iodide of platin- 
 
 (ous)ammonium being deposited. (Reiset, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 425.) 
 
 IODIDE OF PLATIN(OUS)AMMONIUM. Very 
 
 (Iodide of Platosammonium.) sparingly soluble in wa- 
 
 yellow modif. N j jj , I ter. Easily soluble in 
 
 ammonia-water, with 
 
 formation of iodide of platin(os)6t'amin. (Reiset, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 425.) 
 
 Pro<IoDiDE OF PLATINUM. Permanent. In- 
 
 Pt I soluble in water or alcohol. A cold aqueous 
 
 solution of iodhydric acid of 1.038 sp. gr. 
 
 gradually decomposes it, biniodide of platinum 
 
 being dissolved out and metallic platinum left be- 
 
 hind. A hot aqueous solution of iodide of potas- 
 sium acts upon it in a similar manner. It is not 
 acted upon by concentrated sulphuric, chlorhydric, 
 or nitric acids, but is- gradually decomposed by 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Lassaigne, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. pp. 118 - 121.) 
 
 <SeS<?MzIODIDE OF PLATINUM ? Unacted Upon 
 
 Pt 2 1 3 by water, alcohol, or ether ; or by cold sul- 
 phuric, chlorhydric, or nitric acids. Soluble 
 in iodhydric acid and in an aqueous solution of 
 iodide of potassium, also in a solution of caustic 
 potash ; and in aqua-regia, with decomposition. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 PLATINUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in cold or hot water. 
 Pt I 2 Slightly soluble in alcohol of 88%, but the 
 alcoholic solution is decomposed 'by evapo- 
 ration. Neither dissolved nor decomposed by 
 acids, but is slowly converted into the bichloride 
 by the action of aqua-regia and of chlorine-water. 
 Also dissolved by iodhydric acid, and by aqueous 
 solutions of the basic iodides, with combination. 
 (Lassaigne, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. pp. 
 122-129.) 
 
 II.) acid. Hygroscopic. Very easily soluble 
 Ptl., HI in water. (Lassaigne, loc. cit.) When 
 diluted with a very large quantity of 
 water, and especially if the dilute solution be ex- 
 posed to sunlight, biniodide of platinum is depos- 
 ited after a while. 
 
 OF PLATINUM with IODIDE OF X. 
 Vid. lodoPlatinate of X. 
 
 OF PLATINUM with OXIDE OF 
 
 Pi T N $ H Pt n PLATIN(tc)6lAMlN. InSOl- 
 
 Jf t lo ) J>l2 ] **t***l U 2 11. i-rr ni ! 
 
 uble m water. (Kane, Phil. 
 Trans., 1 842, p. 299.) 
 
 IODIDE OF PLUMBAMMONIUM. Decomposed 
 (dmmoniolodide of Lead.) by water. (Laboure.) 
 
 N jp^ 
 
 IODIDE OF f PLUMBETHTL. Soluble in ether, 
 the solution undergoing decomposition on being 
 evaporated. 
 
 IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. Deliquesces in very 
 KI moist air. Very easily soluble in water, 
 
 with reduction of temperature. 
 Soluble in 0.735 pt. of water at 12.5 
 
 " 0.709 16 (Baup.) 
 
 " 0.700 " 18 
 
 " 0.450 120 (boiling- 
 
 point of the saturated aqueous solution.) (Gay- 
 Lussac. ) 
 
 Or 100 pts. of water at 12.5 dissolve 136 pts. of it. 
 " 16 " 141 
 
 (Banp.) 
 
 " 18 " 143 
 
 " 120 " 221 " 
 
 (Gay-Lussac. [T.].) 
 Soluble in 0.79 pts. of water at 
 
 0.70 
 0.63 
 0.57 
 0.53 
 0.51 
 
 20 
 40 
 60 
 80 
 100 
 
 the saturated aqueous solution boiling at 119. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 97. pp. 15, 20.) Soluble 
 in 0.727 pt. of water, at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrifl fur Pharm., 8. 201, from Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
332 
 
 IODIDES. 
 
 Contains (by ex- 
 periment) per 
 cent of K I. 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains 
 
 of sp. gr., at 19.5, per cent of Pts. ofKIdis- 
 
 (sp. gr. of water at K I solved in 100 
 
 19.5 = 1) pts. of water. 
 
 1.1494 . . . 18.073 . . . 22.06 
 1.2916 31.586 46.17 
 
 1.4480 43.529 77.08 
 
 1.5960 52.855 112.11 
 
 1.7105 . . . 58.996 . . . 143.88 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 120. The second 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der SaMcesun- 
 gen, p. 33.) 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 lution of sp.gr. 
 (at 21) 
 
 1.0380 5.005 
 
 1.0789 10.01 
 
 1.1232 15.01 
 
 1.1713 20.02 
 
 1.2786 30.02 
 
 1.4829 4504 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 340.) 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the following 
 table by means of the formula 
 
 D = 1 + 0.007513 p + 0.0000342 p 2 
 
 + 0.0000008231 p 3 ; 
 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the 
 percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 lution of sp. gr. 
 (at 21) 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 of K I. 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 lution of sp. gr. 
 (at 21) 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 of KI. 
 
 1.0075 . 
 
 . 1 
 
 1.2899 . 
 
 . . 31 
 
 1.0151 
 
 2 
 
 1.3017 
 
 32 
 
 1.0227 
 
 3 
 
 1.3138 
 
 33 
 
 1.0305 
 
 4 
 
 1.3262 
 
 34 
 
 1.0384 
 
 5 
 
 1.3389 
 
 35 
 
 1.0464 
 
 6 
 
 1.3519 
 
 36 
 
 1.0545 
 
 7 
 
 1.3653 
 
 37 
 
 1.0627 
 
 8 
 
 1.3791 
 
 38 
 
 1.0710 
 
 9 
 
 1.3933 
 
 39 
 
 1.0793 
 
 10 
 
 1 .4079 
 
 40 
 
 1.0877 
 
 11 
 
 1.4224 
 
 41 
 
 1.0962 
 
 12 
 
 1.4371 
 
 42 
 
 1.1048 
 
 13 
 
 1.4520 
 
 43 
 
 1.1136 
 
 14 
 
 1.4671 
 
 44 
 
 1.1226 
 
 15 
 
 1.4825 
 
 45 
 
 1.1318 
 
 16 
 
 1.4982 
 
 46 
 
 1.1412 
 
 17 
 
 1.5142 
 
 47 
 
 1.1508 
 
 18 
 
 1.5305 
 
 48 
 
 1.1605 
 
 19 
 
 1.5471 
 
 49 
 
 1.1705 
 
 20 
 
 1.5640 
 
 50 
 
 1.1807 
 
 21 
 
 1.5810 
 
 51 
 
 1.1911 
 
 22 
 
 1.5984 
 
 52 
 
 1.2016 
 
 23 
 
 1.6162 
 
 53 
 
 1.2122 
 
 24 
 
 1 6343 
 
 54 
 
 .2229 
 
 25 
 
 1.6528 
 
 55 
 
 .2336 
 
 26 
 
 1.6717 
 
 56 
 
 .2445 
 
 27 
 
 1.6911 
 
 57 
 
 .2556 
 
 28 
 
 1.7109 
 
 58 
 
 .2699 
 
 29 
 
 1.7311 
 
 59 
 
 1.2784 . 
 
 . 30 
 
 1.7517 . 
 
 . . 60 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 75.) 
 
 Soluble in 5.5 pts. of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr. at 
 12.5, and in 39 @ 40 pts. of absolute alcohol at 
 13.5 ; a much larger quantity is dissolved by hot 
 alcohol, from which solution it is deposited in 
 needles on cooling. (Baup.) Soluble in com- 
 mercial acetate of ethyl. ( Casaseca, C. R., 1 850, 
 30.821.) Insoluble in strong acetic acid. (Ber- 
 themot.) Freely soluble in glycerin. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 236.) An aqueous solution of 
 iodide of potassium is capable of dissolving 
 a considerable amount of iodine. (See under 
 Iodine.) 
 
 IODIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SILVER. 
 I.) KI; Agl Soluble in hot alcohol, from which 
 it crystallizes on cooling. (Boul- 
 lay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 379.) 
 
 II.) 2KI; Agl Decomposed by water, which 
 dissolves out iodide of potassi- 
 um, leaving iodide of silver. (Boullay, Ibid., 377.) 
 IODIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF TIN. When 
 K I; 2 Sn I treated with a small quantity of water 
 iodide of potassium dissolves, while 
 iodide of tin remains ; but when added in larger 
 quantity, water dissolves it completely. More sol- 
 uble in warm than in cold alcohol. (Boullay, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 374.) 
 
 IODIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF ZINC. Very 
 K 1, 2 Zn I deliquescent. 
 
 IODIDE OF POTASSIUM with OIL OF CINNA- 
 
 6 C 18 H g O 2 ; 3 I, K I MON AND IODINE. Easily 
 
 soluble in cold water. (Os- 
 wald.) Decomposed by water at ordinary tem- 
 peratures, more slowly at 0. (Apjohn, Despau.) 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Apjohn, 
 Oswald.) 
 IODIDE OF PROPYLENE. 
 
 (Iodide of Tritylene.) 
 C 6 H 6 ", I 2 
 
 IODIDE OF PTELEYL. Vid. terlodoMesitylene. 
 
 SesgwzIoDiDE OF RUTHENIUM. Ppt. (Claus, 
 Ru 2 I s Beitrage, p. 32.) 
 
 IODIDE OF SALICYL. Vid. lodoSalicylous 
 Acid. 
 
 IODIDE OF SELENETHYL. Readily soluble in 
 C 4 H s Se, I ammonia- water. 
 
 IODIDE OF SILVER. When prepared in the 
 Ag I moist way, it is insoluble in water or in dilute 
 nitric acid, and scarcely at all soluble in 
 ammonia- water. Somewhat difficultly decomposed 
 by hot concentrated nitric or sulphuric acid. (Fre- 
 senius, Quant., p. 165.) Soluble in concentrated 
 aqueous solutions of the chlorides of potassium 
 and sodium ; of nitrate of protoxide of mercury. 
 (Preuss; Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 
 317) ; and of nitrate of silver, if it be hot and 
 concentrated. Very slightly soluble in ammonia- 
 water. (II. Rose.) Soluble in 2510 pts. of am- 
 monia-water of 0.96 sp. gr. (Martini.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium. 
 (Liebig.) Completely soluble, with combination, 
 in a cold, and still more readily in a hot, aqueous 
 solution of iodide of potassium ; but one equivalent 
 of the alkaline iodide does not appear to be capa- 
 ble of dissolving more than a single equivalent of 
 it. (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2 ) 34. 
 377.) Abundantly soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the iodides of the alkalies and alkaline earths. 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) Only very sparingly solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of the soluble hyposul- 
 phites. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 
 397.) Soluble in a tolerably concentrated aque- 
 ous solution of nitrate of silver. (Bineau, Ann. 
 Ch. et. Phys., (3.) 7. 267.) Easily soluble in iod- 
 hydric acid when this is not too dilute. When 
 the solution is concentrated by evaporation, 4 
 equivs. of iodine to 1 equiv. of the acid may be 
 contained in it. This solution is decomposed by 
 boiling and when diluted with water. (Bineau, 
 Ibid , pp. 267, 274.) Decomposed by concentrated 
 sulphuric and nitric acids. Insoluble in dilute 
 sulphuric, phosphoric (Brandes), or nitric acids. 
 Readily soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash^ especially if it be hot ; from this solution 
 
IODIDES. 
 
 333 
 
 it is precipitated on the addition of water or alco- 
 hol. Sparingly soluble in [an aqueous solution 
 of?] pyrophosphate of ethyl. (2 C* H 5 O, P O 8 ). 
 A precipitate is formed when iodide of potassium 
 is added to the solution of a silver salt, even when 
 30000 pts. of water are present. (Harting.) 
 
 IODIDE OF SILVER with NITRATE of protoxide 
 2AgI-, 2 (Hg O, N O B ) + Aq OF MERCDRT. De- 
 composed by water. 
 (Preuss.) 
 
 IODIDE or SILVER with NITRATE OF SILVER. 
 AgI;2(AgO,NO 5 ) Decomposed by water. Neither 
 decomposed nor dissolved by 
 absolute alcohol. Its only solvent appears to be 
 a concentrated aqueous solution of nitrate of sil- 
 ver. ( Preuss ; compare Weltzien, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Phurm., 95. 127.) 
 IODIDE OF SODIUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Deliquesces in moderately 
 Nal moist air. 100 pts. of water dissolve 173 
 
 pts. of it at 14. (Dumas, Tr., 6. 228.) 
 Soluble in 0.63 pt. of water at 
 0.56 20 
 
 0.48 40 
 
 0.39 60 
 
 0.33 80 
 
 0.32 100 
 
 " 0.31 120 
 
 " 0.30 140 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 97. 14.) The saturated 
 aqueous solution boils at 141. (Ibid., p. 20.) 
 An aqueous Contains pts. of 
 
 solution the anhydrous 
 
 of sp. gr. salt dissolved in 
 
 (at 19.5) 100 pts. of water. 
 
 1.1752 24.5 
 
 1.3362 50.2 
 
 1.4962 79.4 
 
 1.6659 115.6 
 
 1.8047 149.7 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 67.) Very sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Gmelin.) Soluble in dilute 
 alcohol. (Girault.) Soluble in alcohol. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 481 ; Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 215.) 
 Soluble in commercial acetate of ethyl. (Casa- 
 seea, C. R., 1850, 3O. 821.) 
 
 6 _ hydrated. Effloresces in dry air ; deliquesces 
 Na I + 4 Aq like the anhydrous salt in moist air. 
 The crystals dissolve in 0.6 pt. of 
 cold water. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 
 BinloDiDE OF SODIOM. Soluble in water; 
 Na Ii this solution gives off iodine more readily 
 than that of biniodide of potassium. 
 
 IODIDE OF SODIUM & OF TIN. Very soluble. 
 Nal, 2 Sn I When treated with a small quantity of 
 water the iodide of sodium dissolves 
 out, leaving the iodide of tin ; but in a larger 
 quantity of water it dissolves completely. (Boul- 
 lay, Ann.Ch.et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. 375.) 
 
 IODIDE OF SODIUM & OF ZINC. Deliquescent. 
 Na I, Zn I + 3 Aq 
 
 IODIDE OF SPIROYL. Vld. lodoSalicylous 
 Acid. 
 
 IODIDE OF STANu(oMs)6i'AMiN. 
 
 (Ammonioprotlodide of Tin.) 
 N | H B . Sn, I 
 
 IODIDE OF STANNAMTL. 
 IODIDE OF &STANNAMYL. 
 IODIDE OF -| STANNAMYL. 
 IODIDE OF STANNAMTL. 
 
 IODIDE OF 4 STANNAMYL. Soluble in ether. 
 (CwH^Sn,! 
 
 IODIDE OF STANNETHYL. Sparingly soluble 
 
 C 4 H,j Sn I in cold, decomposed by boiling water. 
 
 More soluble in cold alcohol, and still 
 
 more soluble in ether. It is readily soluble in 
 
 boiling alcohol. (Frankland.) 
 
 OF STANNETHYL. 
 Sn 2 (C 4 H 6 ) a . I 
 
 IODIDE OF C?Z'STANNETHYL. Sparingly solu- 
 C 4 H 6 Sn 2 1 ble in water. 
 
 IODIDE'OF rfz'STANNin'ETHYL. Very sparingly 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 SnjI soluble in water. Readily soluble in 
 dilute spirit. Miscible in all pro- 
 portions with alcohol, and ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF tefraSTANNgw/ngro'ETHYL. Similar 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 6 Sn 4 1 to the I compound. 
 
 IODIDE OF tefraSTANN/riETHYL. Insoluble in 
 (C 4 H B ), Sn 4 1 water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether ; less easily, however, than 
 the ^ compound. (Lcewig.) 
 
 IODIDE OF teiraSTANNETHYL. Completely in- 
 C 4 H B Sn 4 1 soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Lcewig.) 
 
 IODIDE OF STANNMETHYL. Tolerably soluble 
 
 CjH 3 SnI in water. More soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in all proportions in ether. It 
 
 is much more soluble in all these vehicles than its 
 
 ethylic homologue. (Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ?I'STANNMETHYL. 
 (C 2 H 8 Sn) 2 I 
 
 IODIDE OF STIB<HAMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (C 10 H n ) 3 Sb . I 2 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 IODIDE OF STisfriETHYL. 
 
 L) (C 4 H 6 ) 3 Sb . I a Soluble in water, without 
 
 decomposition. Easily solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. (Lcewig & Schweizer.) 
 
 II.) (Merck's iodide.) Permanent. Soluble in 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 8 Sb . I water, and alcohol. (Merck.) 
 
 IODIDE OF STIBJH'ETHYL & OF ZINCETHYL. 
 Sb(C 4 H 8 ) s .I;2(Zn(C 4 H 5 ).I) Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. ( J. P. Cooke, 
 Mem. Amer. Acad., 1855, (N. s.) 5. 345.) 
 
 IODIDE OF STIBETHYLITJM. 
 
 I.) Sb{(C 4 H 6 ) 4 I,&-f3Aq,&liAq Easily solu- 
 
 ble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. (Landolt.) 100 pts. of water at 20 
 dissolve 19.01 pts. of the anhydrous salt ; or, 1 pt. 
 of it is soluble in 5.26 pts. of water at 20 ; still 
 more easily soluble in absolute alcohol, but less 
 easily soluble in ether. (Lcewig.) 
 
 IODIDE OF STIBMETHYL/HETIIYLIUM. Solu- 
 gb c C ? H 3 t j ble in 2 pts. of water at 20. Ea- 
 
 t (f* H B ) t ' sjiy soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Friedlzender.) 
 
 IODIDE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. Soluble in 3.3 
 QK i rr H ^ T P ts - f water at 23. Very solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in ether. (Landolt.) 
 
 IODIDE OF STRONTIUM. Readily soluble in 
 Sri water. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 
 Soluble in 0.61 pt. of water at 
 " 0.56 " 20 
 
 " 0.51 " 40 
 
 " 0.40 " 70 
 
 ' 0.27 " 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 66.) 
 
334 
 
 IODINE. 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains pts.of the anhy- 
 
 tion of sp. gr. (at drous sail dissolved in 100 
 
 19.5) pts.of water. 
 
 1.2160 27-5 
 
 1.4329 58.4 
 
 1.6269 89.9 
 
 1.8349 127.9 
 
 1.9725 156.9 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 103. 67.) 
 
 IODIDE OF STRONTIUM & OF TIN (Sn I). 
 " Very soluble." (Boullay, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1827, (2.) 34. 376.) 
 
 IODIDE OF SULPHUR. Insoluble hi water. 
 Decomposed by alcohol, which dissolves out the 
 iodine. Sparingly soluble in cold caoutchin, the 
 solution decomposing when boiled. 
 
 Freely soluble in glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 236.) 
 
 IODIDE OF TELLURETHTL. Sparingly soluble 
 C 4 u,Te,I in water. Readily soluble in hot al- 
 cohol. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PrerfloDiDE OF TELLURIUM. Unacted upon 
 Tel by water, even when this is boiling. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 BmloDiDE OF TELLURIUM. 
 
 (lodotelluric Acid.) 
 
 I.) TeI 2 Scarcely at all acted upon by cold 
 water. Partially soluble, with de- 
 composition, in boiling water, and in alcohol, even 
 absolute. Soluble in iodhydric acid ; but only 
 slightly soluble in aqueous solutions of the alka- 
 line iodides. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) 6aszc. Insoluble in water, and does not 
 appear to be decomposed thereby. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 TerloDiDE OF TELLURIUM. Slowly and spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 ZftIoDiDE OF TELLURIUM with IODIDE OF X. 
 Vld. lodoTellurate of X. 
 
 IODIDE OF TELLURMETHTL. Sparingly solu- 
 C 3 H 3 Te I ble in cold, much more soluble in 
 warm water. Readily soluble in boil- 
 ing, less soluble in cold alcohol. (Woehler & 
 Dean, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 93. 237.) 
 
 IODIDE OF TETRYL. Vid. Iodide of Butyl. 
 
 PrortooiDE OF TIN. Sparingly soluble, with- 
 (lodoStannous Acid.) out decomposition, in water. 
 Snl (Henry.) More soluble in 
 
 hot than in cold water ; also 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of protochloride of 
 tin and of the iodides of potassium, sodium, 
 ammonium, barium, and strontium, with combina- 
 tion, forming easily soluble salts. (Boullay, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1827, (2.) 34. pp. 372-376.) Insol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of iodide of potassium. 
 Readily soluble in chlorhydric acid, and in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 BmloDiDE OF TIN. Decomposed by water. 
 
 (lodo Stannic Acid.) (Henry.) Soluble in absolute 
 
 Sn I 2 alcohol ; from which solution 
 
 water precipitates it. (Dcebe- 
 
 reiner.) 
 
 IODIDE OF TOLUENYL. 
 
 (Iodide of Benzyl. lorihydrate of 
 
 Bemylent 
 
 C 14 H 7 I 
 
 emylene. lodkydrate ofBemene.) 
 
 IODIDE OF TRITYLENE. Vid. Iodide of Pro- 
 pylene. 
 
 ProfloDiDE OF URANIUM. Soluble in water. 
 Ur I (Rammelsberg. ) 
 
 IODIDE OF VALERYL. 
 C, H 9 0,, I 
 
 BmlooiDE OF VANADIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 VI, 
 
 IODIDE OF YTTRIUM. Deliquescent. Very 
 YI soluble in water, with evolution of heat. 
 Slightly soluble in alcohol. (Berlin.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ZINC. Very deliquescent. Solu- 
 Zn I ble in water, and alcohol. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 533.) 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains pts. of the anhy- 
 
 tion of sp. gr. (at drous salt dissolved in 100 
 
 19.5) pts. of water. 
 
 1.1715 21.5 
 
 1.3486 46.4 
 
 1.5780 85.0 
 
 1.7815 126.3 
 
 1.9906 177.9 
 
 2.1853 232.0 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 104. 156 ; & 106. 587.) 
 
 II. ) basic. Vid. Oxy Iodide of Zinc. 
 
 IODIDE OF ZINC with NITRATE OF POTASH. 
 Permanent. Easily soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Anthon, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 
 676.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ZINC&JAMIN. Decomposed by 
 (Ammoniolodide of zinc.) water. Readily solu- 
 N 2 j H 6 . Zn, I ble in ammonia-water. 
 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 IODIDE OF ZiNCferAMiN. Decomposed by 
 N 8 j H 9 . Zn, I water. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 IODINE. Very slightly soluble in water. (Gay- 
 I Lussac, Ann. de Chim., 91. 7. [T.].) Soluble 
 
 in 7000 pts. of water. In 3800 pts. of water at 
 15 (Basse, assistant of Otto, see Otto's Lehrb.) ; in 
 500 pts. of water at 20 (Jacquelain) ; in 7196.4 
 pts. at 18.75 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Soluble in 10 @ 12 pts. of alcohol. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) Readily and abundantly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Vauquelin.) The alcoholic solution 
 gradually undergoes decomposition (Colin, Le 
 Royer) ; iodine is precipitated from it on the ad- 
 dition of water. (Vauquelin.) Very soluble in 
 ether, and chloroform ; also in bromoform. 
 
 Soluble in wood-spirit (Playfair) ; abundantly 
 in fusel-oil (hydrate of amyl). (Pelletan, Traut- 
 wein); and very readily in caprylic alcohol 
 (hydrate of capryl). (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 44. 103.) Abundantly soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold naphtha. (Pelletier & Walter.) 
 Soluble in about 8 pts. of hot rock-oil (from 
 Amiano). (De Saussure.) Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, more soluble in hot benzin. (Mansfield.) 
 Readily soluble in benzin. (Moride, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 39. 452.) Readily soluble in cold 
 oil of turpentine (Deville) ; but a violent ex- 
 plosion soon occurs. (Walker.) Soluble in oil 
 of mandarin (Luca) ; in oil of arnica-root. (Zeller.) 
 Very soluble in bisulphide of carbon ; in lignone ; 
 in furfurol (Stenhouse); in hydride of valeryl 
 (Trautwein) ; in caprylene (Bouis). Readily sol- 
 uble in glycerin, without decomposition. (Pe- 
 louze.) Soluble in aldehyde (Liebig) ; in chloral; 
 in warm retinole ; in toluene, and in salicylous 
 acid, without decomposition (Lcewig) ; in nitrate 
 of ethyl ; in salicylate of methyl ; in butylic mer- 
 captan (butylsulphydric acid) ; in cold sulphocar- 
 bamate of amyl (Johnson) ; largely in sulphydrate 
 of ethyl (Zeise). Abundantly soluble in iodide of 
 allyl (Berthelot & De Luca) ; in xanthic ether 
 (disulphocarbonate of ethyl) ; in "protochloride 
 
IODINE. 
 
 335 
 
 of carbon" (C 4 C1 4 ) at ordinary temperatures 
 (Faraday); in chloride of sulphur (Solly); in 
 chloride of iodine " to a certain extent" (Pelouze 
 & Fremy, TV.) ; in Gladstone's sulphoperChloride 
 of Phosphorus (P S 4 C1 B ) ; in (P H C1 5 , 2 S O 2 ) 
 (Pelouze & Fremy); in pentasulphide of hydro- 
 gen ; and in chlorochromic acid, without causing 
 this to decompose. (Walter.) Eeadily soluble in 
 valerate of amyl ; and in valerianic acid, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 (Trautwein.) Keadily soluble in cold creosote. 
 (Reichenbach.) Soluble in warm butyric acid; 
 separating out again as the solution cools. (Pe- 
 louze & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 450.) 
 Easily soluble in anilin, with subsequent decom- 
 position. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 
 162.) Also soluble in ("leukol") quinolein. 
 (Ibid., p. 175.) Soluble, without alteration, in 
 methylsalicylic acid. (Loewig?) Soluble in oil 
 of winter-green (methylsalicylic acid). (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 330.) Iodine is 
 quickly soluble in the essential oils of dill (oleum 
 anethi) ; of peppermint (ol. menthce crispce & ol. 
 menthce piperitce) ; of sassafras (ol. sassafras cort.) ; 
 and of tansy (ol. tanaceti) ; slowly soluble in oil of 
 cinnamon (ol. cassice); oil of cloves (ol. caryophylli); 
 oil of cajeput (ol. cajeputi) ; and oil of rue (ol. 
 mice) ; it is decomposed by most of the other es- 
 sential oils. (Parrish's Phai-m., p. 347.) Of the 
 " empyreumatic oils," oil of amber (ol. succini) dis- 
 solves it slowly , as does also oleum asphalti ; it is 
 insoluble in oleum petrce. (Ibid., p. 346.) Abun- 
 dantly soluble, with combination, in caoutchin. 
 (Himly.) 
 
 Soluble in iodhydric acid, even when this is di- 
 lute ; and in aqueous solutions of those metallic 
 iodides which are soluble in water. A solution 
 of iodide of potassium, containing one part of the 
 iodide in every one or two parts of water, can dis- 
 solve 2 parts of iodine, on adding more water to 
 this solution some iodine is precipitated. On 
 exposure to the air iodine is slowly evolved from 
 these solutions, and when heated they readily 
 give off iodine. (Baup.) Much more soluble in 
 water charged with bromhydric acid than in pure 
 water; but nevertheless, 10-hydrated bromhydric 
 acid only dissolves 3 @ 4 % of it. (Bineau, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 265.) Slightly soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Soluble in a dilute aqueous solution of sulphur- 
 ous acid, with formation of iodhydric and sul- 
 phuric acids, water being decomposed ; but when 
 only a small quantity of water is present this solu- 
 tion does not occur, concentrated solutions of iod- 
 hydric acid and sulphuric acid mutually decom- 
 posing each other, with precipitation of iodine and 
 evolution of sulphurous acid. Even when the 
 solution of iodine in sulphurous acid is simply 
 concentrated by evaporation iodine may be repre- 
 cipitated, while sulphurous acid is again formed 
 and evolved. (Selmi, L'Institut (Section I.), 
 1844, 12. 7.) As a rule, water which contains in 
 solution salts, like chloride of ammonium or 
 nitrate of ammonia, dissolves much more iodine 
 than pure water. 
 
 Soluble, without alteration, in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of normal croconate of potash. (L. Gmelin.) 
 When an excess of iodine is boiled in a very 
 dilute aqueous solution of protochloride of mer- 
 cury, a quantity of it dissolves ; and on cooling 
 this solution crystals separate out, the mother 
 liquor from which still contains much iodine. 
 ( Selmi, L'Institut (Section I.), 1844, 12. pp. 6, 412.) 
 When a mixture of iodine and powdered arseni- 
 ous acid is boiled with much water, the iodine dis- 
 
 solves, together with the arsenions acid, iodhydric 
 and arsenic acids being formed. On concentrating 
 this solution iodine is set free ; and on the addition 
 of chlorhydric acid iodine is precipitated. If, on 
 the other hand, concentrated syrupy solutions of 
 arsenic acid and of iodhydric acid are mixed, 
 iodine is precipitated at once, and arsenious acid 
 formed ; but if this mixture is now turned into a 
 arge quantity of water the iodine rapidly dis- 
 solves, a solution behaving like that first men- 
 tioned being obtained. Hence, in presence of a 
 small quantity of water, arsenic and iodhydric 
 acids decompose each other; while in presence of 
 much water they are recomposed. The precipi- 
 tation of iodine by chlorhydric acid in the fore- 
 going experiment appears to depend upon the 
 affinity of the acid for water, the latter being thus 
 removed, and the solution, as it were, rendered 
 more concentrated. (Selmi, loc. cit., p. 7.) A 
 solution prepared by dissolving 6 pts. of tartar- 
 emetic in 176 pts. of water is capable of dissolving 
 2.75 pts. of iodine, iodhydric acid being formed 
 and tartrate of antimonous acid ; if a solution of 
 6 pts. of tartar-emetic in 378 pts. of water be 
 employed 4.12 pts. of iodine may be dissolved, the 
 quantity of iodine dissolved being the amount 
 which is necessary to transform the oxide of anti- 
 mony into antimonous acid by the decomposition 
 of water. When this solution is evaporated iodine 
 is set free. (Selmi, loc. cit., p. 7.) 
 
 Most metallic iodides are readily soluble ia 
 water. Several of them are soluble in ether. 
 
 " IODOUS ACID." Vid. Hypolodic Acid. 
 I0 4 
 
 "IODITE OF AMMONIA"[?] Less efflorescent 
 than the iodate. Soluble in a little more than 
 half the quantity of water required to dissolve the 
 iodate. (Sementini, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 393.) 
 
 IODITE OF SODA. Vid. Iodate of Soda with 
 Iodide of Sodium. 
 
 IODOBKNZOIC ACID. Very difficultly soluble 
 
 C 14 H 6 1 4 = C 14 H 4 IO 3 , H in boiling water, and 
 
 separates out again 
 
 almost completely as the solution cools. Exceed- 
 ingly easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Griess, 
 in Kolbe's Lehrb., 2. 77.) 
 
 lODOBENZOATE OF SlLVEE. Ppt. (Ibid.) 
 C ]4 H 4 I Ag 4 
 
 loooBRUCiN. Vid. Iodide of Brncin. 
 lonoCAMPHOR. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Claus.) 
 
 loooCAOUTCHiN. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Himly.) 
 
 loDoCnLORoNiTRoHARMiN. More soluble in 
 
 (Iodide of ChloroNitroHarmin.) alcohol than iodo- 
 
 Nj C 2a H 10 Ci (N 4 ) 2 . 1 2 nitroharmin ; also 
 
 soluble in naphtha. 
 
 Largely soluble in warm, less soluble in a cold 
 concentrated alcoholic solution of cyanhydric 
 acid. (Fritsche.) 
 
 loooCiNCHONiN. Insoluble in cold, very spar- 
 
 (lodide of Cinckonin.') ingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 N 2 C 40 H M 2 , 1 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Less soluble in alcohol than 
 
 the iodhydrate of cinchonin. 
 
 loDoCiNNAMic ACID. Easily soluble in hot 
 C lg H 7 I0 4 water, and in alcohol. (Herzog.) 
 
 .BinloooCoDEiN. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 CSB HW I 2 ^ 8 i'y soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. Soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Brown.) 
 
336 
 
 IODOSALICYLATES. 
 
 Insoluble in water, or ether. 
 ( Terlodide of Codein. Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 TerlodoCodein.) j n cold> so l uble in warm; CO 11- 
 
 c go u 2l ;N0 6 ,di 2 centrated sn iph u ric acid. 
 Slowly attacked by hot nitric acid. Decomposed 
 by a boiling solution of caustic potash. 
 
 IODOFORM. Vid. Iodide of 6i'nIodoMethyI. 
 
 loDoMECONE. Insoluble in water or chlor- 
 C 8 H 4 1, hydric acid, even boiling. Soluble in 
 alcohol, especially when boiling, and 
 in ether. (Brown, Phil. Mag., (4.) 8. 206.) 
 
 lODoMECONiN. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 (jodOpianyl.) water ; more readily soluble in al- 
 Cj H 9 1 O g cohol, and ether. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Ander- 
 son.) 
 
 Zi/nloDoMELANiLiN. Soluble in alcohol, 
 c C 12 H 4 (C 2 N) (Hofmann, J. Ch. 
 C 28 H u I 2 N 3 = N 2 | C 12 H 3 I, 5^ L 303 . ) 
 
 loDoMERCURATE OF X. Vid. protlodi&e of 
 Mercury with Iodide of X. 
 
 TerlooiDE OF MESITYLENE. Insoluble in 
 (Iodide ofPteleyl.) water. Soluble in ether. (Kane.) 
 C 18 H 9 I 3 
 
 ZJmloDoMETHYLAMiN. Insoluble in water. 
 N j C 2 H I 2 Soluble, apparently with decomposi- 
 
 t H 2 tion, in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 
 Ch.et Phys., (3.) 30.455.) 
 
 ToDoMETHYLSELENious ACID. Easily solu- 
 
 Cj H 3 I Se 2 4 + Aq ble in iodhydric acid and in an 
 
 aqueous solution of iodide of 
 
 potassium. Soluble in alcohol. (Wcehler & 
 
 Dean, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 97. 8.) 
 
 loooMoRPHiNE. Insoluble in cold acids or 
 2 (N CJH H 19 6 ), I 3 alkaline liquors; but dissolves 
 in them easily when heated. 
 
 loDoNicoTiN. Decomposed when boiled with 
 N, CM H M , I s water. Soluble in alcohol. De- 
 composed by a cold solution of 
 caustic potash. 
 
 loooNiTRoIlARMiN. Almost insoluble in cold 
 
 CJB HII (N 4 ) N 2 Oj, Tj water, alcohol, ether, or 
 
 coal-tar oil ; and only 
 
 sparingly soluble in these liquids when warm. 
 Decomposed by boiling with alcohol, or dilute 
 sulphuric acid. Soluble in hot concentrated acetic 
 acid. Easily soluble in an alcoholic solution of 
 cyanhydric acid, with combination. Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid, apparently with combination. 
 
 BmlODONlTROPHENIC ACID. 
 
 C 12 H 3 1 2 (N OJ 0., 
 
 TerlODoPAPAVERiN. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 
 N C H I g uble in boiling, less soluble in 
 
 cold alcohol. Insoluble in dilute 
 
 acids. Decomposed by ammonia-water and by an 
 
 aqueous solution of potash. 
 
 Qum^uz'IoDoPAPAVERiN. More soluble than 
 N ,c 40 H 2l 8 , I B teriodopapaverin in alcohol. De- 
 composed by ammonia-water. 
 Vid. lodAnilin. 
 
 Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water, though 
 
 C 22 H 8 1 N 4 = N { 10 S 4 ?*" more soluble in hot 
 \ C u u 4 1 than in cold water 
 
 Readily soluble in spirit. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 IODOPIANYL. Vid. lodoMeconin. 
 
 IODOPLATINIC ACID. Vid. 6inlodide of Plati- 
 num. 
 
 OF AMMONIUM. Permanent. 
 
 N H 4 1 ; Pt I 2 Sparingly soluble in water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Lassaigne, Ann. 
 
 Ch. etPhys., 1832, (2.) 51. 128.) 
 
 IODOPLATINATE OF BARIUM. Deliquescent ; 
 Bal, Pt I, though less so than the soda salt 
 which it resembles in other respects. 
 (Lassaigne, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 51. 127.) 
 
 IODOPLATINATE of protoxide OF IRON. Deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 IODOPLATINATE OF POTASSIUM. Permanent. 
 K I, Pt I 2 Soluble in water. Insoluble, or at 
 least only very slightly soluble, in al- 
 cohol of 38. Unacted upon by cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Lassaigne, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (2.) 51. 126.) 
 
 IODOPLATINATE OF SODIUM. Deliquescent. 
 Na I ; Pt I 2 Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Lassaigne, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 
 51. 127.) 
 
 IODOPLATINATE OF ZINC. Deliquescent. 
 Zn I ; Pt I. Very soluble in water. ( Lassaigne, 
 Ann. Ck.etPhys., (2.) 51. 127.) 
 
 lODoPROPYLENE. Vid. Iodide of Allyl. 
 
 lODoPYRoMECONic ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 C 10 H 3 1 6 in cold, more readily soluble in hot 
 water. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 readily soluble in hot alcohol. The presence of 
 acids or alkalies increases its solubility in water. 
 (Brown, Phil. Mag., (4.) 8. 203.) 
 
 lODOPYROMECONATE OF BARYTA. Spar- 
 
 C 10 H 2 1 Ba 6 + Aq ingly soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol, either hot or cold. 
 (Brown, loc. cit.) 
 
 lODOPYROMECONATE OF LEAD. Sparingly 
 C 10 H 2 IPb0 6 soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in acetic acid. (Brown.) 
 IODOQUININE. Permanent. More soluble in 
 N 2 C 40 H 24 4 , 1 water than sulphate of quinine. 
 Very easily soluble in alcohol. 
 Also soluble in ether. 
 
 loooSALiCYLic ACID. Difficultly soluble in 
 C 14 H 6 1 6 = CM H 3 1 4 , 2 H hot water. Easily- 
 soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. (Lautemann, in Kolbe's Lehrb., 2. 
 268.) 
 
 lODOSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 O 14 H 4 1 Ba 
 
 II.) normal. Less soluble in water than the acid 
 salt. 
 
 lODOSALICYLATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) acid. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 .BinlODoSALiCYLic ACID. Difficultly soluble 
 C 14 H 4 1 2 6 = C ]4 H 2 I 2 4 , 2 H in water. Soluble 
 in alcohol. (Lau- 
 temann, Ibid.) 
 
 UmlODOSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) acid. Difficultly soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 3 1 2 Ba O a 
 
 II.) normal. Still more difficultly soluble than 
 the acid salt. 
 
 lODOSALICYLATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 TerloooSALiCYLic ACID Insoluble in water. 
 C 14 H 3 1, = C u H I, 4 , 2 H O Difficultly soluble 
 in alcohol. (Lau- 
 temann, Ibid.) 
 
IRON. 
 
 337 
 
 Tb'IODOSALICYLATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 IODOSALICYLOUS ACID. Insoluble in water 
 
 Readily soluble in alcoho 
 and ether. (Loewig.) 
 
 (Iodide of Strychnine.') 
 2 (C 42 H 22 N 2 4 ), I 3 
 
 (Hydride of lodoSalicyl. 
 
 Iodide of Spiroyl. Iodide 
 
 of Salicyl. lodoSalicyl. 
 
 lodo Spiroyl.) 
 
 CM H a I 4 
 
 loooSTRYCHNiNE. Insoluble in cold, and 
 nearly insoluble in boiling 
 water. Readily soluble ir 
 hot alcohol of 36 B. In 
 
 soluble in ether, or in a cold aqueous solution o 
 
 bicarbonate of potash. Unacted upon in the cold 
 
 decomposed by boiling with dilute acids. 
 
 lODOSuLPHIDE OF ANTIMONY. DeCOHlpOSeC 
 
 Sb S 3 1 3 (?) by water, alcohol, and ether. (O. Henry. 
 
 lODOTELLURATE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 
 water, and in absolute alcohol. (Berzelins.) 
 
 lODOTELLURATE OF POTASSIUM. Easily SOl- 
 
 uble in water; partially decomposed by a large 
 excess of water. 
 
 IODOTELLURATE OF SODIUM. Deliquesces in 
 moist air. Very easily soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 IODOTOLUYLIC ACID. Difficultly soluble in 
 C 16 H 7 1 4 = C 16 H e 1 3) H O water. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Griess, in Kolbe's Lehrb., 2. 220.) 
 
 IODOTOLUYLATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 C 16 H 6 IAg0 4 
 
 IODURETTED HYDRiODic ACID. Vid. Hydri- 
 odous Acid. 
 
 IPECACUANIC ACID. Soluble in ether; more 
 C 28 H 4sO, 4 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 IPOMIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, read- 
 ily soluble in boiling 
 water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Mayer.) Its alkaline salts are soluble in 
 water. 
 
 IPOMATE OF BARYTA. 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 IPOMATE OF LIME. Almost insoluble. 
 
 IPOMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water ; 
 C 20 H 16 Ag 2 8 very difficultly soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. The other salts resem- 
 ble the corresponding sebates. 
 
 IRIDIC ACID. 
 
 (Teroxide of Iridium.) 
 a = Ir 3 
 
 b = ditto, hydrated. While still moist it is 
 easily soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. Somewhat soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 IRIDIATE OF POTASH. 
 
 (Isotneric, and perhaps identical 
 with Sebacic Acid.) 
 CM H, a 8 
 
 Sparingly soluble in 
 
 I.) basic. Soluble in water and in chlorhydric 
 acid. (Glaus.) 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Glaus.) 
 
 OF POTASSIUM. Permanent. 
 
 c u N 6 Ir, K 3 == 3 K Cy, Ir, Cy s Easily soluble in 
 
 water. Difficultly 
 
 soluble in strong spirit. (Glaus, Beitrdge, p. 94.) 
 
 IRIDIOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Readily sol- 
 2 K Cy, Ir Cy uble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 Chlorhydric acid does not precipitate 
 the aqueous solution. (Wcehler & Booth.) 
 
 IRIDIUM. After having been strongly ignited 
 Ir it is insoluble in acids. When only gently 
 heated, aqua-regia dissolves traces of it, and if 
 43 
 
 it contains platinum or other metals a considerable 
 amount of it is dissolved with these by aqua-regia. 
 When prepared in the moist way as a fine powder, 
 it is easily soluble in aqua-regia. (Berzelius,' 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 IRON. Permanent in dry air ; it is not readily 
 F e acted upon even in moist air, but oxidizes 
 easily whenever, being exposed to the air, 
 water is deposited upon it as a liquid. Unacted 
 upon at the ordinary temperature by water free 
 from air. Readily soluble in chlorhydric and 
 dilute sulphuric acids, and in most other acids. 
 
 When treated with pure concentrated nitric 
 acid of 1.512 1.419 sp. gr., iron soon becomes 
 covered with a bluish or black coating, apparently 
 protoxide of iron, and when thus covered, the iron 
 is no longer attacked by nitric acid of any strength, 
 either dilute or concentrated, at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, or at the temperature of a freezing mix- 
 ture ; but an action occurs when the acid is 
 heated. Nor is iron attacked at the ordinary tem- 
 perature by nitric acid of 0.401 sp. gr., or even that 
 which is a little weaker, though an action com- 
 mences at once when the acid is heated. By very 
 dilute nitric acid iron is attacked at the ordinary 
 ;emperature (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys,, (3.) 6. 
 100), the solution containing nitrate of ammonia 
 and nitrate of protoxide of iron. 
 
 The action of nitric acid upon iron is curiously 
 nfluenced by the presence of bichloride of plati- 
 num. If nitric acid containing 4.5 equivalents of 
 water is weakened with 2 or 3 vols. of water, and 
 hen poured upon iron-turnings, the metal dis- 
 solves immediately with evolution of abundant 
 litrous fumes and production of a persalt of iron ; 
 >ut if to the same dilute acid a drop of bichlo- 
 ride of platinum be added, it no longer dis- 
 engages nitrous gas, but hydrogen, when acting 
 upon iron, while nitrate of protoxide of iron and 
 itrate of ammonia are formed. (Millon, C. E., 
 845, 21. 47.) 
 
 Iron-turnings dissolve with tolerable rapidity in 
 a mixture of 1 pt. monohydrated sulphuric acid 
 nd 12 pts. of water, and the addition of a few 
 rops of a solution of bichloride of platinum ren- 
 ers the action extremely intense. The addition 
 f arsenious acid, on the contrary, arrests com- 
 letely the action of sulphuric acid on iron ; the 
 metal may even be preserved in this manner for 
 months in sulphuric acid of the above-mentioned 
 trength. When the iron has been well cleansed, 
 few drops of an aqueous solution of arsenious 
 cid are sufficient to preserve it from the action of 
 ie sulphuric acid. Tartar emetic and proto- 
 bloride of mercury (Hg Cl) diminish the force of 
 the action of sulphuric acid on iron, but do not 
 arrest it. Sulphate of copper strongly accelerates 
 the action ; sulphate of silver also accelerates it, 
 but to a less extent. The addition of small quan- 
 tities of metallic solutions to chlorhydric acid in- 
 fluences in a similar manner its action upon iron ; 
 and this influence may even be observed in the 
 case of a tolerably concentrated acid, it being only 
 necessary to dilute the fuming acid with 2 or 3 
 volumes of water. In some cases the addition of a 
 small quantity of sulphate of copper suspended to 
 a notable extent the action of chlorhydric acid 
 upon iron, the latter becoming covered with me- 
 tallic copper and remaining for several hours with- 
 out evolving any hydrogen. But the reaction is 
 not always like this, and it is not clear whether 
 the difference depends upon the iron or acid. The 
 addition of arsenious acid stops the action of chlor- 
 hydric acid completely. Weak acetic acid acts 
 only very slowly upon iron ; the addition of bi- 
 
338 
 
 ISATOSULPHUROUS ACID. 
 
 chloride of platinum increases this action, whil 
 arsenious acid stops it completely ; other metalli 
 solutions appear to exert no influence. The action 
 of tartaric and racemic acids is influenced alike 
 viz., increased action on the addition of bichloride 
 of platinum, prevention of action if arsenious aci 
 is added, and almost entire indifference on the 
 part of other metallic solutions. When treatec 
 with a solution of oxalic acid, mixed with a few 
 drops of bichloride of platinum, iron become 
 covered, as in the preceding cases, with a black 
 coating of platinum, but, instead of dissolving 
 more rapidly, the iron is preserved precisely as i 
 arsenious acid had been added, the latter exert 
 ing its conservative influence in this as in the pre 
 vious instances. Solutions of binoxalate anc 
 quadroxalate of potash, to which a little bichlorid 
 of platinum haa been added, behave towards iron 
 like the corresponding solution of oxalic acid 
 This exception, presented by oxalic acid and its 
 compounds, is the only one which is encounterec 
 in studying the influence of bichloride of platinum 
 upon the solution of iron and all the other metals 
 Saline solutions, and even distilled water, can dis 
 solve iron, with evolution of hydrogen, when they 
 are mixed with a small quantity of bichloride o 
 platinum ; but these actions are slow, and much 
 less readily observed upon iron than upon zinc 
 (Millon, C. R., 1845, 21. pp. 45-47.) In con 
 nection with Millon's observations compare the 
 remarks of Barreswil (C. R., 21. 292), who urges 
 that these reactions may all be explained by refer- 
 ence to galvanic action : when the deposited meta! 
 fonms an open, porous, spongy coating, decompo- 
 sition is increased, the contact of the two metals 
 forming a voltaic couple ; but when, on the con- 
 trary, the deposited metal forms an adherent im- 
 permeable varnish upon the metal to be dissolved, 
 the latter is completely protected from the influ- 
 ence of the acid, and further action ceases. 
 
 Soluble, with evolution of hydrogen, in concen- 
 trated aqueous solutions of the alkaline bicar- 
 bonates. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 626.) 
 
 IS^ITHIONIC ACID. Vtd. IsEthionic Acid. 
 
 ISAMIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in boiling 
 (Imasatic Acid, Rubindinic Acid. water Soluble in 
 ItatmamicJcid. Isaminic Acid.) hot alcohol. Tol- 
 erably soluble in 
 
 ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water; also soluble in strong chlorhydric acid. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 ISAMATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. 
 
 ISAMATE OF AMMONIA. Decomposed by warm 
 C M H w (N H 4 ) N a 8 water. Soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. 
 
 ISAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 C M H u Ba N s Og 
 
 ISAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 ISAMATE OF LIME. Appears to be soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ISAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. 
 
 ISAMATE OF MERCURY (Hg O). Ppt. 
 ISAMATE OF POTASH. 
 
 ISAMATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 82 H 13 AgN 3 Og 
 
 ISAMID. Insoluble in cold water ; but is de- 
 
 (Isamamid Jlmaxatin. composed when boiled for 
 
 '*""""> some time with water. Verv 
 
 slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Almost insoluble in ether. Very readily soluble, 
 
 with decomposition, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. Readily soluble in cold nitric acid, probably 
 with decomposition. (Laurent.) 
 
 ISATAN. Very sparingly soluble in boiling, less 
 C 82 Hi 2 N 2 6 soluble in cold alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 ISATIC ACID. Soluble in cold water ; the 
 C t6 H 6 N B , H solution undergoes decomposition 
 when heated. (Erdmann.)* 
 
 ISATATE OF AMMONIA. Known only in solu- 
 tion, and this is decomposed by evaporation. 
 
 ISATATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 16 H 6 Ba N 6 water. Almost insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Laurent.) 
 
 ISATATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ISATATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Incompletely solu- 
 ble in boiling water. (Erdmann.) 
 
 ISATATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, and 
 C 16 H 6 K N 8 alcohol. 
 
 ISATATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boiling water, 
 C 18 H 6 Ag N O 6 with slight decomposition ; a por- 
 tion of the salt separates out as the 
 solution cools. 
 
 ISATHYDE. Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 C 16 H 6 N 4 Very sparingly soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol or ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 ISATILIM. Soluble in boiling alcohol, sepa- 
 48 H 16 N 4 10 rating out as the solution cools. 
 Readily soluble in a solution of 
 caustic potash. (Laurent.) 
 
 ISATIMID. Insoluble in water. Almost insol- 
 C 4g H 17 N s 8 uble in boiling alcohol or ether. 
 Tolerably readily soluble in a boil- 
 ing alcoholic solution of ammonia. Also soluble 
 in a boiling mixture of chlorhydric acid and al- 
 cohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 ISATIN. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 (Isatylamid.) cold, more soluble in 
 
 g N Q ^ boiling water. Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol, 
 less soluble in ether. Largely soluble, without 
 decomposition, in concentrated nitric acid, when 
 this is gently heated ; it is deposited again as the 
 solution cools, but on boiling the solution decom- 
 position occurs. Soluble in a cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, without decomposition at 
 first, but after a time (immediately on boiling) 
 the solution undergoes decomposition. Soluble, 
 with combination, in ammonia-water. Soluble in 
 Nordhausen sulphuric acid. 
 
 ISATIN with AMMONIUM. 
 (Isatide of Ammonia.) 
 
 ISATIN with ARGENTAMMONIUM. Ppt. 
 
 16 H 4 (N H 3 Ag) N 4 
 
 ISATIN with CUPR(IC)AMMONIUM. Ppt. 
 C 16 H 4 (NH 3 Cu)N0 4 
 
 ISATIN with POTASSIUM. Soluble in water ; 
 C 16 H 4 K N 4 the solution undergoing decompo- 
 sition when boiled. 
 
 ISATIN with SILVER. Ppt. 
 16 H 4 Ag N 4 
 ISATOSULPHUROUS ACID. Not known in a 
 
 ', H 7 N S 2 10 free state. 
 
 N C 18 H 4 4 _ 
 
 * No precipitate is produced when an aqueous solution of 
 ^atate of potash is added to solutions of the chlorides of 
 alcium, strontium, magnesium, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, 
 rotochloride of mercury or protochloride of tin, of alum, 
 r the palls of zinc : on the other hand, precipitates are 
 reduced in solutions of nitrate of sesquioxide of uranium, 
 cetate of lead, sesquichloride of iron, and nitrate of din- 
 xide of mercury. 
 
ISOTARTRATES. 
 
 339 
 
 ISATOSULPHITE OF AMMONIUM. Slightly Sol- 
 
 C 13 H 8 (N H 4 ) N O 6 , 2 S 2 uble in cold, very easily 
 soluble in boiling water. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 Is ATO SULPHITE OF POTASH. Tolerably read- 
 
 C 16 H 6 KNO a ,2S0 2 + 6Aq ily soluble in water. 
 
 Tolerably soluble in 
 
 boiling, but very sparingly soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 ISETHIONIC ACID. Soluble in water. The 
 (EthylHypo Sulphuric Acid. Iso- salts of isethionic 
 meric with EthylSulphuric Acid.) add are more read . 
 C 4 H 6 S 2 8 = C 4 H 5 fe 2 7 , H O ., , ui : wate _ 
 
 than the ethylsulphates. 
 
 ISETHIONATE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble in 
 C. H B (N H 4 ) S. O g spirit. (Strecker, Ann. Clt. u. 
 Pharm., 91. 100.) 
 
 ISETHIONATE OF BARYTA. Readily soluble in 
 
 C 4 H 5 Ba 8, O g water ; more slowly in alcohol, 
 
 though more soluble 'than ethionate 
 
 of baryta in this menstruum. Less soluble in 
 
 cold than in boiling alcohol. (Magnus.) 
 
 ISETHIONATE OF COPPER. Permanent. Sol- 
 C 4 H 6 Cu S, 8 + 2 Aq uble in water. (Liebig.) 
 
 ISETHIONATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H B Pb S 2 8 (Blondeau.) 
 
 ISETHIONATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 5 CaS 2 8 (Blondeau.) 
 
 ISETHIONATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Easily 
 C 4 H B K S 2 8 soluble in water. Rather easily sol- 
 uble in boiling ; somewhat less sol- 
 uble in cold alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 IsoCAJPUTENE. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 C w H 16 Miscible in all proportions with ether, 
 and oil of turpentine. (Max. Scbmidl.) 
 ISOCETAMID. 
 
 ( Isocelinamid.) 
 C3<,H 31 N0 2 
 
 ISOCETIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Isomeric, or identical with Behenic Jlcid.) 
 Cgo HJQ 4 
 
 ISOCETATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 ISOCETATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 IsoCYANURio ACID. Permanent. Readily 
 (Fulminuric Add.) soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 u a H 8 N 3 O 6 ether. ( Schischkoff. ) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF AMMONIA. Sparingly sol- 
 C a H 2 (N H 4 ) N 3 6 uble in cold, readily soluble in 
 boiling water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol or ether. (Liebig, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 
 286. > 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF ANILIN. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly solu- 
 C, H 2 Ha N 3 Og + 2 Aq ble in boiling water. (Lie- 
 big-) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF CUPR(?'C)&'AMIN. Per- 
 
 C 6 H 2 (N 2 Hg Cu) N 3 O manent. Almost insoluble 
 
 in water. Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in ammonia-water. (Schischkoff.) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF ETHYL. Slightly soluble 
 in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ISOCYANURATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF LEAD. 
 I.) basic. Soluble in boiling, less spluble in 
 C 6 H 2 Pb N 3 O g ; Pb cold water. ( Liebig. ) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 10 
 C 6 H 2 K N 3 O a pts. of cold water, and in a much 
 smaller quantity of hot water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol or ether. (Schischkoff.) Still 
 less soluble than the ammonia salt in cold water, 
 but equally soluble with this in boiling water. 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF POTASH with protoxiDE OF 
 MERCURY. Soluble in hot water. 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly 
 C 6 H 2 AgN 3 6 soluble in cold, tolerably easily 
 soluble in boiling water. ( Schisch- 
 koff.) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF SODA. More soluble than 
 the potash salt in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Schischkoff.) 
 
 ISOCYANURATE OF UREA. 
 
 IsoNiTRoPHENic ACID. Very easily soluble 
 
 (Isomeric with NitroPhenic Acid.) in water, alcohol, 
 
 C, 2 HB N 6 = Cu H 4 (N 4 ) 0, H and ether _ 
 
 IsoNlTROPHENATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 C 12 H 4 Ba N O 8 + 8 Aq 
 
 II.) acid. 
 CM H 4 Ba N 8 ; C 12 H 6 N 6 + 4 Aq 
 
 IsoNlTROPHENATE OF ETHYL. Almost IU- 
 
 C 12 H 4 (C 4 Kg) N 6 soluble in water. Easily solu- 
 ble in ether ; less soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 IsoNlTROPHENATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 I. ) normal. 
 C 12 H 4 AgN0 6 5+2Aq 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 12 H 4 Ag N 6 ; C w H s N 6 + 2 Aq 
 
 III.) "purple." 
 
 5 (C 12 H 4 Ag N 0); C 12 H 6 N 6 ^ 
 
 ISOPRENE. 
 
 IsoTARTARic ACID. Very deliquescent. Sol- 
 (Fonnerly " Tartralic Acid " nble in water, and al- 
 (by Fremy). Iso Tartric Acid.) cohol (F remy .) I ts 
 
 C > H salts, of the metallic 
 
 oxides, are insoluble in alcohol ; they are decom- 
 posed by boiling water. 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. 
 Ammonia precipitates it. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF BARYTA. ("Impure," ac- 
 cording to Laurent & Gerhardt.) Insoluble in 
 water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 31. 351.) 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF COPPER. Alcohol precipi- 
 CgH 6 Cu0 12 tates it. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water ; 
 by which, however, it is soon decomposed. (Lau- 
 rent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF LIME. Very soluble in cold 
 C s H 6 Ca 12 water ; entirely insoluble in cold al- 
 cohol. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. In- 
 C H K 0,, soluble in alcohol. (Laurent & Ger- 
 hardt.) 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
340 
 
 JALAPINOLATES. 
 
 ISOTARTRATE OF STRONTIUM. Insoluble in 
 
 water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 31. 351.) 
 ISOTARTRIDIC ACID. Vid. Tartaric Acid, 
 (Anhydrous, Soluble modification). 
 
 ISOTEREBENTHENE. 
 
 ITACONAMIC ACID. More soluble than citra- 
 C, H 7 N 6 conimid in water. 
 
 ITACONAMATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 ITACONANILIC ACID. Vid. Phenylltaconamic 
 Acid. 
 
 ITACONANILID. Vid. Phenylltaconamid. 
 
 Itaconanilide quintinitre'e. Vid. NitroPhenyllta- 
 conamid. 
 
 ITACONIC ACID. Soluble in 17 pts. of water 
 
 (PyroJlconitic Acid. Para Pyro- at 1 0, and in 12 
 Citric Acid. Citricic Acid. ptg a( . 20 j tg go i_ 
 
 augments 
 
 rapidly as the tem- 
 perature is increased. (Baup.) "More soluble 
 than citraconic acid in water." (Baup.) [This 
 statement has been called in question ! it is, more- 
 over, contradicted by Baup's own figures.] 
 
 Less soluble than citraconic acid in water. 
 (Crasso.) Soluble in 4 pts. of alcohol of 88% at 
 15. Also soluble in ether. (Baup.) Its salts 
 are, in general, soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 ITACONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 4 (N H 4 ) 3 O g 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 a = c 10 H 6 (N H 4 ) 8 Permanent. Soluble in 1 .25 
 pts. of water at 12. (Baup.) 
 
 b = C 10 H 6 (N Hj o g + 2 Aq Efflorescent. 
 
 ITACONATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. More soluble than the lime salt. 
 C 10 H 4 Baj 8 + 2 Aq (Baup.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 C w H s Ba 8 + Aq water ; more in hot than in cold. 
 (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 10 H 4 Cu 2 8 water. (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF ETHYL. Scarcely at all solu- 
 (Said to be identical with ble in water, but is slowly 
 citraconate of ethyl.) decomposed by contact 
 
 c 'o H * (C * HS) * Ug therewith. Soluble in all 
 
 proportions in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 ITACONATE* OF LEAD. Soluble in aqueous 
 C 10 H 4 Pb 2 9 + 2 Aq solutions of nitrate of lead 
 and of alkaline itaconatcs. 
 (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 45 pts. of water at 18. 
 C H 4 Ca-j O g + 2 Aq No more soluble in hot than in 
 cold water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Baup.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in 13 pts. of 
 C 10 H B Ca 8 + 2 Aq water at 12. (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water. (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 ITACONATE OF MANGANESE. Very soluble in 
 water. (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF NICKEL. Very soluble in 
 water. (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 4 K 2 8 Insoluble in alcohol. (Baup.) 
 
 II. ) acid. Permanent. Very soluble in water. 
 H 5 K 8 
 
 ITACONATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Almost insoluble in boiling water. 
 C 10 H 4 Ag 2 8 Very soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Crasso.) Insoluble in itaconic 
 acid. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. 
 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water. (Baup.) 
 
 ITACONATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. (Banp.) 
 C 10 H 4 Sr 2 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Easily soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 6 Sr0 8 (Baup.) 
 
 J. 
 
 " JALAPIN." Vid. Convolvulin. 
 
 jALAPiN(resin from Convolvulus Orizabensis). 
 (Resin of fusiform Jalap.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 CesHaeOga water. Very readily sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol, ether, 
 
 wood-spirit, benzin, oil of turpentine, and in ace- 
 tic acid, without decomposition. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies and alkaline earths, especially when these 
 are warm. Slowly soluble, with decomposition, 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold dilute chlorhydric and nitric acids ; it is 
 decomposed when heated therewith. (Mayer, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 135.) 
 
 JALAPIC ACID. Very hygroscopic. Readily 
 Cgg H 58 Ogg soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Mayer.) Soluble in al- 
 cohol, and in aqueous solutions of the alkalies. 
 Slightly soluble in ether. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 
 1 90. ) Decomposed after a time by concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid ; also by sulphuric acid. Its 
 salts are mostly soluble in water. 
 
 JALAPATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 C 68 H M Ba 35 
 
 II.) tri. 
 Ceg Hg, Ba 3 0^ 
 
 III.) C 68 H B , Ba 0,5 ; 3 (C M H B7 Ba., 0^) 
 
 I V. ) C M H 67 Ba, Ojs ; 3 (C m H^ Ba 0^ j 
 
 JALAPATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Easily soluble in water, from which- it is 
 precipitated by alcohol. 
 
 II.) Less soluble in water. 
 
 III.) very basic. Insoluble in water. Very 
 difficultly soluble in spirit. (Mayer.) 
 
 JALAPINOL. Insoluble in cold, very sparingly 
 C 32 H 31 7 soluble in boiling water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 JALAPINOLIC ACID. Soluble in hot, very 
 C 32 HSO O 6 sparingly soluble in cold spirit, or 
 ether. Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 with combination. 
 
 All are 
 soluble 
 in water. 
 (Mayer.) 
 
 JALAPINOLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 C 32 H 29 (N H 4 ) 6 ; C 32 Ha, 6 water. 
 
 JALAPINOLATE OF BARYTA. Very difficultly 
 aOg soluble in boiling, and almost insol- 
 
KINATES. 
 
 341 
 
 nble in cold water. Most readily soluble in a 
 boiling mixture of water and spirit. 
 
 JALAPINOLATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter ; almost insoluble in spirit. 
 
 JALAPINOLATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water 
 C 82 H 2 g Pb O a or dilute spirit. 
 
 JALAPINOLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 and spirit. (Mayer, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 
 149.) 
 
 jAMAiciN(from the bark of Geqffroya Jamai- 
 (Jamaicinin. Cabbaging censis (Andira inermis)). 
 Soluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 JAPONIC ACID. Insoluble in cold ; soluble in 
 C 2* H io io boiling water. (Svanberg.) Insoluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 JAPONATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. Insoluble in 
 cold dilute nitric acid. 
 
 JAPONATE OF BARYTA. Ppt Insoluble in 
 cold dilute nitric acid. 
 
 JAPONATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 JAPONATE OF GLUCINA. Ppt. Insoluble in 
 cold dilute nitric acid. 
 
 JAPONATE OF LIME. Ppt. Insoluble in cold 
 dilute nitric acid. 
 
 JAPONATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 JAPONATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by a solution of caustic 
 C^ H 8 Ag 2 10 potash, but not by chlorhydric acid. 
 
 JAPONATE OF YTTRIA. Ppt. Insoluble in 
 cold dilute nitric acid. (Svanberg.) 
 
 JELLY from PINE-NEEDLES (Pinus sylvestris). 
 C 18 H 10 10 Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 Soluble only in dilute alkaline liquors. 
 (Kawalier.) 
 
 JELLY from PINE-BARK (Pinus sylvestris) , and 
 C 16 H 12 O u from the green parts of Thuja occiden- 
 talis. Soluble in alkaline liquors. 
 (Kawalier.) 
 
 JERVIN. Almost insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 (Barytin.) in alcohol. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 Uo H 4 N 2 6 in ammonia-water. Some of its 
 
 salts are soluble in water ; most of 
 
 them are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 JcGLANDiN(from Juglans regia). Insoluble in 
 water or alcohol. 
 
 K. 
 
 K. See also C. 
 
 KjEMPFERiD(from various species of Kcempfe- 
 ria). Scarcely at all soluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in 25 pts. of ether at 1 5. Soluble in 50 pts. 
 of cold, more soluble in hot alcohol. Soluble in 
 warm acetic acid ; in ammonia-water, and aque- 
 ous solutions of carbonate of potash and caustic 
 potash. 
 
 KAKODYL. Vid. Cacodyl. 
 KATECHIN. Vid. Catechin. 
 KERMES-MINERAL. Vid. Antimonite of Pot- 
 ash, with terSulphide of Antimony. 
 KINIC ACID. Becomes soft and sticky when 
 
 (Quinic Acid. Chinasceure.) exposed to the air. 
 
 Cjg H 22 2J + 2 Aq Slowly soluble in 2.5 
 
 pts. of water at 9, 
 
 and in much less boiling water. Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in absolute alcohol ; but readily soluble in 
 ordinary alcohol. Almost entirely insoluble in 
 cold ether. Most of its metallic salts are soluble 
 in water, but insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 KINATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. 
 KINATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Very sol- 
 C 28 Ha, Ba-j 22 + 12 Aq uble in water. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol of 
 
 83%. 
 
 KINATE OF CiNCHONioiN(of Pasteur). Easily 
 soluble in water, and spirit. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 82. 161.) 
 
 KINATE OF CINCHONIN. Soluble in 0.5 pt. of 
 water at 15. Soluble in alcohol. When treated 
 with warm alcohol, in quantity insufficient to dis- 
 solve the whole of it, it is decomposed ; as this 
 alcoholic solution cools another salt crystallizes 
 out, which is permanent and very soluble in water. 
 (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. 70.) 
 
 KINATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Soluble in about 
 C 28 HJO Cu 2 O.jj + 10 Aq 3 pts. of water at the ordi- 
 nary temperature ; the solu- 
 tion soon decomposes, especially if it be heated, 
 the less soluble basic salt (No. 2) separating out. 
 (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. 65.) 
 
 II.) basic. Permanent. Soluble in 1150 @ 
 C 28 H 20 Cu 2 QZJ, 2 Cu + 8 Aq 1 200 pts. of water at 
 18; more readily sol- 
 uble in boiling water. (Baup, loc. cit., p. 66.) 
 
 KINATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 KINATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Extremely soluble in water. Sol- 
 C 28 H^ Pb 2 22 + 4 Aq uble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in boiling water. Soln- 
 Cjg H lg Pb 4 O 22 , 4 Pb ble in an aqueous solution 
 of subacetate of lead. ( Com- 
 pare Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 51. 68.) 
 
 KINATE OF LIME. Permanent. Soluble in 
 
 C M H 20 Ca, O 22 + 20 Aq 6 pts. of water at 16; its 
 
 solubility augments rapidly 
 
 with the temperature. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (2.) 51. 62.) Soluble in about 5 pts. of water at 
 12.7 [T.] 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 
 20 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) Almost insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 KINATE OF MAGNESIA. Very soluble in water. 
 
 KINATE OF .MANGANESE. 
 
 KINATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 KINATE OF NICKEL. Very soluble in water. 
 
 KINATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. 
 
 KINATE OF QUININE. Readily soluble in wa- 
 ter ; less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 3.5 pts. of water at 11; and in 
 8 pts. of alcohol of 88%, at 1 1. (Baup, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. 71.) 
 
 KINATE OF SILVER. 
 C 28 H 20 Ag 2 22 -f2Aq 
 
 KINATE OF SODA. Soluble in 0.5 pt. of 
 C 28 H 20 Na 2 22 + 8 Aq water at 15. (Baup, Ann. 
 CLetPhys., (2.) 51. 61.) 
 
 KINATE OF STRONTIA. Efflorescent. Soluble 
 C 28 H 20 Sr 2 22 + 20 Aq in 2 pts. of water at 12; 
 and in much less hot water. 
 (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1832, (2.) 51. 64.) 
 
 KINATE OF YTTRIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 KINATE OF ZINC. 
 
342 
 
 LACTIC ACID. 
 
 KINHYDRONE. Vid. HydroKinone with Ki- 
 none. 
 
 KINONAMID. Soluble in water; the solution 
 ( Quinonamid. being readily decomposed. (Wos- 
 
 Chinonamid.) kresenskv.) 
 
 N \ l2 H * 2" ' 
 
 I H 
 
 KINONIC ACID. Vid. Melanic Acid. 
 
 KINONE. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Chinone. CMnoyl. abundantly soluble in boiling 
 
 0l2H * 4 alcohol, and ether. Soluble in 
 
 dilute chlorhydric, and nitric acids ; also with de- 
 composition in alkaline solutions. ( Woskre- 
 sensky.) 
 
 Quinone chlore. Vid. Chlorokinone, &c. 
 
 KINOTANNIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Easily 
 (Quino Tannic Md. soluble in water. Soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. More sol- 
 uble than gallotannic acid in 
 dilute acids. Its alkaline salts are insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 KINONIC ACID. Almost insoluble in cold 
 (Quinovic Acid. Quinovatic Acid, water, and only 
 
 Chinovin. Qiiinova Bitter. China- V o rv crt(i rinn\-u ai\\ 
 vasaure. Esculic Acid. Saponic V ^ B P* nD 8 1T . 1 
 Acid. Sapogenin. Chicoccic Acid.) nble in "Oiling 
 C 48 H S5 o n water. Readily 
 
 soluble in strong 
 
 alcohol. Tolerably soluble in ether, and in the 
 fatty and essential oils. Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the caustic alkalies and in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 KINOVATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 KINOVATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in spirit. 
 
 KINOVATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in spirit. 
 
 KINOVATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Soluble in spirit. 
 
 KINOVATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in spirit. 
 
 KINOVATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 KINOVATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 KINOVATE OF SILVER. 
 
 KINOVATE OF SODA. Soluble in water ; less ? 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 KINOVATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in spirit. 
 
 KLUMENE. Soluble in 1 vol. of water at the 
 (Acetylene.) ordinary temperature. (E. Davy.) 
 
 Korksceure. Vid. Suberic Acid. 
 
 KOSSEIN. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble 
 in water. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and acids. 
 (St. Martin.) 
 
 KRAMERIC ACID (from Krameria triandra). 
 (Ratanhiaic Acid.) Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 
 KRAMERATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 KRAMERATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) Soluble in 600 pts. of boiling water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in 450 pts. of [boiling?] 
 water. 
 
 KRAMERATE OF LIME. Soluble in 450 @ 500 
 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 KRAMERATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Very 
 soluble in water. 
 
 KRAMERATE OF SODA. Efflorescent. 
 KRAMERATE OF STRONTIA. Permanent. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 KRATININ. Vid. Creatinin. 
 
 KREATIN. Vid. Creatin. 
 
 KREATININ. Vid. Creatinin. 
 
 KRYSTALLIN. Vid. Anilin. 
 
 KYANETHIN. Vid. Cyanethin. 
 
 KYANOL. Vid. Anilin. 
 
 KYNURENIC ACID. Insoluble in water. In- 
 (Kyanurenic Acid. Cyanurenic Acid.) soluble in alco- 
 hol. Its pyro- 
 
 acid is easily soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. Readily sol- 
 uble in boiling chlorhydric acid and in dilute sul- 
 phuric, and nitric acids, not appearing to be de- 
 composed by the latter. Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 heated. Readily soluble, with combination, in 
 cold solutions of the caustic alkalies, and in hot 
 solutions of the alkaline carbonates ; also soluble 
 in baryta-water and lime-water. (Liebig, J. Ch. 
 Soc.,6. 113.) 
 
 KYNDRENATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 KYNURENATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 KYNURENATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in boil- 
 ing water. (Liebig, loc. cit.) 
 
 L. 
 
 LACTAMIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 C 12 H 13 N 10 = N 
 
 . 0, H 
 
 LACTAMATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble 
 " Lactamide "(of Pelouze). in water. Abundantly 
 C 12 H 12 (N H 4 ) N 10 soluble in alcohol. (Pe- 
 
 louze.) 
 
 "LACTAMID "(of Pelouze). Vid. Lactamate 
 of Ammonia. 
 
 LACTAMID. Very soluble in water, and al- 
 C 6 H 7 N 4 = N j 6 ri coho1 - 
 
 LACTIC AciD(Anhydrous). Almost insoluble 
 (Lactic Anhydride, in water. Very soluble in al- 
 LactidicAdd.) cohol, and ether. By long-con- 
 C i2 H io io tinned ebullition in water, or by 
 
 prolonged contact with cold water or moist air, it 
 is converted into ordinary lactic acid ; this trans- 
 formation occurs instantly in solutions of the al- 
 kalies and alkaline earths. (Pelouze, Ann. Cit. et 
 Phys., (3.) 13. 258.) Soluble in all proportions 
 both in hydrated and absolute alcohol. (Engel- 
 hard t.) 
 
 LACTIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Soluble in all 
 
 , H u = C u H 10 10 , 2 H proportions in water 
 (Scheele), and al- 
 
 cohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. (Berzelius.) 
 Soluble in all proportions in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1847, 63. pp. 88, 85.) Soluble in all 
 proportions in water, and alcohol. (Pelouze, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 258.)- Easily soluble in 
 ether, which even removes it from the aqueous 
 solution. (Kolbe's Lehrb., 1. 790.) 
 
 Most of the salts of lactic acid are difficultly 
 soluble in cold water, and alcohol. Only a few 
 
LACTATES. 
 
 343 
 
 of them are easily and abundantly soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol, but, in general, boiling water dis- 
 solve's them very readily. They are all abso- 
 lutely insoluble in ether. (Engelhardt & Mad- 
 drell, loc. cit., p. 88.) All those which crystallize 
 are permanent in the air. 
 
 Certain differences have been observed in the 
 solubility, &c. of several salts of lactic acid, ac- 
 cording as the acid contained in them has been 
 obtained from animal fluids (juice of flesh, &c.) 
 [" a lactic acid," called also para- or sarco-lactic 
 acid], or been produced by the fermentation of 
 sugar [" ft lactic acid"], although the acids 
 themselves, whether prepared from flesh or sugar, 
 exhibit no differences when isolated. (Engel- 
 hardt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 360.) 
 
 LACTATE OP ALUMINA. A permanent gum. 
 (Braconnot.) Hydrate of alumina is almost in- 
 soluble in lactic acid ; but on decomposing a 
 solution of sulphate of alumina with lactate of 
 baryta, a solution containing much alumina is 
 obtained. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1847,63. 101.) 
 
 LACTATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Pelouze.) Very 
 soluble in water, the solution undergoing decom- 
 position when warmed. Insoluble in ether. (En- 
 gelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 116.) Soluble in 
 less .than 6 pts. of cold alcohol of 30 B. (Erd- 
 mann & Marchand.) 
 
 LACTATE OP AMMONIA & OP MAGNESIA. Per- 
 manent. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 LACTATE OF ANTIMONY. Oxide of antimony 
 is scarcely at all soluble in lactic acid, but when 
 boiled with lactate of potash a considerable quan- 
 tity dissolves. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., 
 p. 100.) 
 
 LACTATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Easily soluble in 
 water and in ordinary alcohol, especially when 
 these are warm. Insoluble in cold, and only very 
 slightly soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. Ab- 
 solutely insoluble in ether. (Engelhardt & Mad- 
 drell, loc. cit., pp. 116, 99.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Tolerably easily solu- 
 Cj 2 H n Ba 12 ble in water. May be washed with 
 ordinary alcohol, in which it is not 
 very soluble. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 
 117.) Soluble in 21 pts. of cold water. (Bra- 
 connot.) 
 
 LACTATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) Bi 3 , C ]2 H 10 10 Only slightly soluble in 
 cold water, but much of it 
 
 is dissolved by boiling water. Less soluble in 
 very dilute alcohol than in water. Insoluble in 
 ether. The hot aqueous solution deposits nothing 
 on cooling; but on evaporating it crystalline 
 crusts are formed, which are soluble in a small 
 quantity, the solution becoming cloudy when 
 more water is added. It would appear that by 
 the action of boiling water, an acid, soluble salt is 
 formed since the undissolved residue behaves like 
 No. II. (Engelhardt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 
 65. pp. 368-370.) 
 
 II.) 2 Bi 3) C 12 H 10 10 Insoluble in cold or boil- 
 ing water, and is not de- 
 composed by water. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. Difficultly soluble in lactic acid. (Engel- 
 hardt, loc. cit., pp". 367 - 370.) 
 
 LACTATE OF CADMIUM. Permanent The ft salt is 
 
 C n H 10 Cd 2 12 soluble in 10 pts. of cold, and 8 pts. 
 
 of boiling water. Insoluble in cold 
 
 or boiling alcohol, or ether. (Engelhardt & Mad- 
 drell, loc. cit., p. 94.) Soluble in 8 <S> 10 pts. of cold, 
 and in 4 pts. of boiling water. (Lepage.) 
 
 LACTATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Easily 
 soluble in water. (Gay-Lussac & Pelouze; En- 
 gelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 101.) 
 
 LACTATE OF COBALT. Permanent. Soluble 
 C 12 H 10 Coj 12 + 6 Act in 38 pts. of cold water. 
 (Braconnot.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.56 dissolve 2.6 pts. of it. (Ure's 
 Diet.) The ft salt is almost insoluble in cold, but 
 tolerably easily soluble in boiling water. Insolu- 
 ble in cold or boiling alcohol or ether. (Engel- 
 hardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., pp. 106, 105.) 
 
 LACTATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. The a salt is soluble 
 C 12 H 10 Cu 2 Oi 2 +3Aq(*)&4Aq(.i). in 1.95 pts. of 
 
 cold, and in 
 
 1.24 pts. of boiling water; and much more easily 
 in alcohol. (Engelhardt, loc. cit., 65. 365.) 
 
 The ft salt is soluble in 6 pts. of cold, and 2.2 
 pts. of boiling water ; in 115 pts. of cold, and 26 
 pts. of boiling alcohol. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, 
 loc. cit., 63. 92.) 
 
 II.) basic. Extremely difficultly soluble either 
 C 12 H 10 Cu 2 12 , 2 Cu in cold or boiling water. 
 (Engelhardt & Maddrell, 
 loc.' cit., p. 93.) 
 
 LACTATE OF ETHYL. Miscible in all propor- 
 
 C 12 H lo (C 4 H 5 ) 2 12 tions with water, alcohol, and 
 
 ether. It is, however, partially 
 
 decomposed by water. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 91. 357.) 
 
 LACTATE of protoxide OF IRON. Permanent. 
 C 12 H 10 Fe 2 12 + 6 Aq The ft salt is difficultly solu- 
 ble in cold, tolerably easily 
 soluble in boiling water, and alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 
 102.) Sparingly soluble in water. (Pelouze.) 
 Soluble in 48 pts. of water at 10, and in 12 pts. 
 of boiling water (Wittstein); in 30 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 18.75. "(Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, filr 
 1854, p. 76.) Very sparingly soluble in weak, 
 and not at all soluble in strong alcohol. (Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 LACTATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) Easily soluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., pp. 100, 
 102.) 
 
 LACTATE of protoxide Sf of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 C. 2 H 10 Fe 2 0, 2 ; C 1M H^ Slowly deliquescent. Very 
 (Fe 2 "') B 108 -j- 24 Aq easily soluble in water. 
 (Wittstein.) 
 
 LACTATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Easily sol- 
 C ]2 H 10 Pb 2 12 nble in ordinary alcohol, especially 
 when this is warm. Insoluble in 
 cold, and only slightly soluble in boiling absolute 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Engelhardt & Mad- 
 drell, loc. cit., p. 99.) 
 
 II.) polybasic. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 easily soluble in boiling water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 LACTATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Both salts are soluble 
 (When crystallized from alcohol, both salts in all propor- 
 contain 10 equivalents of water.) Hona in hml 
 
 C J2 H 10 Ca 2 I2 + 8 Aq (*), & 10 Aq (3 ) j 1 8 ** 
 
 and ordinary alcohol ; but the o salt requires 
 12.4 pts. of cold water for its solution, while 
 
344 
 
 LACTID. 
 
 the jS salt dissolves in 9.5 pts. of cold water. 
 (Engelhardt, loc. cit., 65. 361.) The /* salt is 
 soluble in all proportions in boiling ordinary al- 
 cohol, and water, since it melts in its water of 
 crystallization at this temperature. Completely 
 insoluble in cold spirit and apparently at all tem- 
 peratures below the boiling-point of the spirit, at 
 least only traces of it were dissolved at 50 in 
 spirit. Insoluble in absolute alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., 63. 
 pp. 111,85, 87.) 
 
 The 10 Aq. salt is soluble in 21 pts. of cold 
 water (Braconnot); in 17.4 pts. of water at 24, 
 and in all proportions in boiling water. (Wack- 
 enroder.) Soluble at 20 in 490 pts. of 85% alco- 
 hol, and in 1.2 pts. at the temperature of boiling. 
 
 Lactate of lime is sparingly soluble in water. 
 Abundantly soluble in alcohol, from which' it is 
 precipitated on the addition of ether. (Pelouze, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 266.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in boiling absolute alcohol. (Corriol.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 Cj 2 H u Ca O u + 2 Aq Soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 uble in cold, absolute alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in ether. (Engelhardt & Mad- 
 drell, loc. cit., p. 118.) 
 
 LACTATE OF LIME & OF POTASH. Slowly 
 C 12 H 10 K Ca 12 soluble in cold, easily soluble in 
 hot water. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 91. 353.) 
 
 LACTATE OF LIME & OF SODA. Soluble in 
 C 12 H 10 CaNa0 12 + 2Aq water. (Strecker, Ann. 
 Ch.u. Pharm., 91. 354.) 
 
 LACTATE OF MAGNESIA. Permanent. The 
 C 12 H 10 Mg 2 O u + 8 Aq (*), & 6 Aq () salt is much 
 
 more easily 
 
 soluble in water, and spirit than the /* salt. (En- 
 gelhardt, loc. cit., 65. p. 362.) The /Ssalt is solu- 
 ble in 28 pts. of cold, and in 6 pts. of boiling wa- 
 ter. It is insoluble either in warm or cold, ordi- 
 nary or absolute, alcohol. Also insoluble in ether. 
 (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., 63. pp. 109, 85.) 
 The (i salt is soluble in 30 pts. of cold water 
 (Gay-Lussac & Pelouze) ; in 25 pts. of cold wa- 
 ter. (Braconnot.) 
 
 LACTATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. Tol- 
 
 C 12 H 10 Mn 2 12 + 6 Aq erably soluble in cold, and 
 
 easily soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Insoluble in cold, more easily soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Engelhardt 
 & Maddrell, loc. cit., p 107.) Soluble in 12 pts. 
 of cold water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 LACTATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Difficultly soluble in 
 C 12 H 10 Hg< 12 -f 4 Aq cold, or boiling water. It is 
 decomposed by boiling. In- 
 soluble in cold, and difficultly soluble in boiling 
 alcohol; being decomposed by the latter. (Engel- 
 hardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 95.) Readily soluble 
 in water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 LACTATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) tetra. Permanent. Very easily soluble both 
 
 C lt H 10 Hg 2 12 . 2 Hg in cold and boiling water. 
 
 Difficultly soluble in cold or 
 
 boiling spirit, and is not decomposed by boiling. 
 (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit, p. 97.) 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water. (Idem.) 
 
 LACTATE OF NICKEL. Permanent. Almost 
 C 12 HJO Ni 2 12 + 6 Aq insoluble in cold, but tol- 
 erably easily soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Insoluble in cold or boiling alcohol or 
 
 in ether. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 105.) 
 Soluble in 30 pts. of cold water, and much more 
 readily in boiling water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 LACTATE OF POTASH. Hygroscopic. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Scheele; Engelhardt & 
 Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 116.) Insoluble in ether. 
 (E. & M.) 
 
 LACTATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Soluble in 
 water. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 355.) 
 
 LACTATE OF QUININE. More soluble than 
 sulphate of quinine in water. 
 
 LACTATE OF SILVER. Permanent. Soluble 
 C w H 10 Agj M + 4 Aq in 20 pts. of cold water. 
 (Braconnot.) Almost com- 
 pletely insoluble in cold, easily soluble in warm 
 alcohol. Partially decomposed by long-continued 
 boiling of the aqueous or alcoholic solution. In- 
 soluble in ether. (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. 
 cit., p. 89.) 
 
 LACTATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Scheele.) 
 
 LACTATE OF SODA & OF ZINC. Readily sola- 
 C 12 H 10 Na Zn 12 + 2 Aq ble in water. ( Strecker, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 
 354.) 
 
 LACTATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 8 pts. of 
 
 C 12 H 10 Sr 2 12 + 6Aq cold water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 Its properties are similar to 
 
 those of the lime salt. (E. & M., loc. cit., p. 115.) 
 
 LACTATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I.) basic. Permanent. Absolutely insoluble in 
 C 12 H 10 Sn 2 O 12 , 2 Sn cold water, but boiling water 
 dissolves traces of it. Ab- 
 solutely insoluble in cold or boiling alcohol. Ea- 
 sily soluble in chlorliydric acid, but acetic acid 
 dissolves it only after long-continued boiling. 
 (Engelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit., p. 97.) 
 
 LACTATE of binoxide OF TIN. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (E. & M., loc. cit, p. 99.) 
 
 LACTATE of sesquioxide OF UEANI UM. Abun- 
 2 Ur 2 3 , C 12 H 10 10 dantly soluble both in cold 
 and boiling water. The 
 aqueous solution is decomposed by sunlight, with 
 subsequent deposition of oxide of uranium. Ab- 
 solutely insoluble in cold or boiling alcohol. (En- 
 gelhardt & Maddrell, loc. cit, p. 99.) 
 
 LACTATE OF UREA. Slowly deliquescent. 
 Easily soluble in water, and alcohol ; less soluble 
 in ether. (Cap & Henry.) 
 
 Does not exist, according to Pelouze. (Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 1842, (3.) 6. 65.) 
 
 LACTATE OF ZINC. Permanent. The salt is 
 C 12 H 10 Zn 2 0, 2 -f 4 Aq (), & 6 Aq (o) soluble in 5.7 
 
 pts. of cold, 
 
 and 2.88 pts. of boiling water ; while the / salt is 
 soluble in 58 pts. of cold and 6 pts. of boiling 
 water. The a. salt is soluble in 2.23 pts. of cold, 
 and in almost as much boiling alcohol ; while 
 the fi salt is almost insoluble in alcohol, either 
 cold or boiling. (Engelhardt, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. 363 ; and E. & Maddrell, Ibid., 
 63. 103.) The f) salt is soluble in more than 50 
 pts. of cold water, and in less hot water. (Bra- 
 connot.) Lactate of zinc is sparingly soluble in 
 water. (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 266.) 
 
 LACTID. Very sparingly soluble in cold wa- 
 (Improperly "Anhydrous Lactic Acid.") ter ; more sol- 
 C i2 H e O g uble in boil- 
 
 ing water, by 
 
LEAD. 
 
 345 
 
 which it is converted into lactic acid. Readily 
 soluble in acetone. (Gay-Lussac & Pelouze.) 
 Much more readily converted into lactic acid by 
 exposure to moist air or contact with water, than 
 anhydrous lactic acid. Very soluble in lactone. 
 (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. pp. 263, 266.) 
 
 LACTINE. Soluble in 5 @ 6 pts. of cold, and in 
 (Milk Sugar. Lactose.") 2.5 pts. of boiling water. 
 C 10 H 10 O 10 , 2 H The saturated aqueous 
 
 solution contains 4.7% of 
 
 it. (Mussembrock, cited in Ann. de C/iim., 28. 
 291.) Insoluble in cold alcohol or ether. More 
 soluble in acid, and alkaline, solutions than in pure 
 water. Acids convert it into [Pasteur's Lactose, 
 then into] glucose, even in the cold, but especially 
 when heated. 
 
 Soluble in water, with elevation of temperature. 
 Water which has been saturated at 10 by pro- 
 longed contact with an excess of it contains 0.1455 
 of its weight of the sugar, and the sp. gr. of the 
 solution is 1.055. When this saturated solution is 
 allowed to evaporate spontaneously in dry air at 
 the temperature of 10, it does not begin to deposit 
 crystals until the sp. gr. of the solution has be- 
 come equal to 1.063, in which case the water con- 
 tains 0.2164 of its weight of the sugar, modified 
 by solution. This fact, analogous to the pheno- 
 mena of supersaturation which are so common 
 among inorganic salts, corresponds to different 
 powers of rotating light which are exhibited by 
 sugar of milk recently dissolved, and by that which 
 has been in solution for some time. Regarding 
 the original crystallized sugar as normal, and that 
 which has been some time in solution as modified, 
 the solubility of the modified sugar is to that of 
 the ordinary sugar as 3:2. (Dubrunfaut, C. R., 
 42. 229 ; also cited by Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 47. 302, note.) 
 
 LACTIN with AMMONIA. 
 
 LACTIN with BARYTA. 
 
 LACTIN with LEAD. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 LACTIN with LIME. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 LACTIN with POTASH. Very soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 LACTIN with SODA. Very soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 LACTOCARAMEL. Easily soluble in water. In- 
 C 12 H 10 O ]0 soluble in alcohol. (Lieben.) 
 
 LACTOCARAMEL with COPPER. 
 C 12 H fl Cu 10 + 2 Aq 
 
 LACTONE ? Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 ft = C 20 H ia O g 
 
 b = CM H 16 O 8 , 2 H Tolerably easily soluble in 
 water. (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 13. 262.) 
 
 LAcxo8E(of Pasteur). Crystallizes more read- 
 
 (Altered Lactin.) Jly than lactin. 
 C 12 H 12 12 
 
 LACTUCIN. Soluble in 60 @ 80 pts. of cold 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol ; less soluble in 
 ether. More soluble in acetic acid than in water. 
 (Buechner.) 
 
 LACTDCONE. Insoluble in water. Readily sol- 
 Co H^ 6 uble in hot alcohol, from which a por- 
 tion separates as the solution cools. 
 . Readily soluble in ether, and the fatty and essen- 
 tial oils. (Lenoir.) 
 
 LJEVORACEMIC ACID. Vid. leftT&rt&ric Acid. 
 44 
 
 ACID. Vid. /e/?Tartaric Acid. 
 
 " LAMPIC ACID." Was a mixture of Alde- 
 dehyde and Acetic Acid. 
 
 LANTANURIC Acio(of Schlieper). Easily sol- 
 (Probably identical with u ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 Am ' J - Sci - (2 
 
 LANTANURATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) U 6 N 2 H 2 Pb 2 6 Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 soluble in hot water. Insol- 
 
 uble in alcohol. Easily soluble in acetic acid, and 
 in an aqueous solution of basic acetate of lead. 
 (Schlieper, loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) bi. Easily soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Schlieper, loc. cit.) 
 
 LANTANURATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. Alcohol precipi- 
 tates it from the aqueous solution. 
 
 II.) hyper acid. Soluble in 8 @ 10 pts. of cold 
 C 6 N 2 H 3 K 6 , H ; C 8 N 2 B 4 8 + 4 Aq water. Much 
 
 more readily 
 
 soluble in hot water. The aqueous solution is 
 rendered milky by the addition of alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in strong alcohol. (Schlieper, loc. cit, p. 371.) 
 
 LANTANURATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 boiling water. (Schlieper, Am. J. ScL, (2.) 6. 
 pp. 366-373.) 
 
 LANTHANUM. Slowly oxidized by cold, rapidly 
 La by hot water. (Mosander.) 
 
 LARICIN. Forms a paste with boiling water. 
 C u H 12 4 Easily soluble in alcohol, and in oil of 
 turpentine. (Th. Martius.) 
 
 LAURIC ACID. Readilv soluble in strong al- 
 (LauroStearic Add. cohol ; still more soluble in 
 
 PicliurinoStearic Acid.) ptV, pr 
 C 21 H 23 3 ,HO 
 
 LAURATB OF BARYTA. Soluble in 10864 pts. 
 
 C M H M Ba 4 of water at 17.5, and in 1982 pts. of 
 
 boiling water; in 1468 pts. of ordi- 
 
 nary alcohol at 15.5, and in 24 pts. of the same 
 
 alcohol at the boiling temperature. 
 
 LAURATE OF ETHYL. Almost entirely in- 
 C^HZS (C 4 H 6 ) 4 soluble in water. Difficultly sol- 
 uble in spirit. Soluble in all 
 proportions in ether. (Delffs.) 
 
 LAURATE OF GLYCEHYL. Very sparingly sol- 
 
 (Lauro Stearin.) uble in cold 
 
 C<* H 52 10 = C 6 H 6 3 , H O, 2 C.J4 H K 3 water, or al- 
 
 cohol. Tol- 
 
 erably soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. Read- 
 ily soluble in ether. 
 
 LAURATE OF LEAD. 
 C 24 H.,3 p b 4 
 
 LAURATE OF LIME. ' 
 
 LAURATE OF SILVER. Easily soluble in am- 
 C 24 H.J3 Ag 4 monia-water. 
 
 LAURATE OF SODA. Easily soluble in water, 
 C M Hjj, Na O 4 and alcohol. 
 
 LAURIN. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 C u HSO 6 in cold alcohol and in ether. Insoluble 
 in solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 LAURONE. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Lauro Stearone.) 
 C 46 H 4a 2 =^^j0 2 
 
 LAUROSTEARIN. Vid. Laurate of Glyceryl. 
 
 LAURYL ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Lauricyl. 
 
 LEAD. Permanent in dry air. Insoluble in 
 
 Pb water free from air. Rapidly dissolved by 
 
 oxidizing acids. Unacted upon to any ex- 
 
346 
 
 LEUCIN. 
 
 tent by dilute sulphuric acid. Acetic acid dis- 
 solves it when in contact with the air. 
 
 When in contact with distilled water, exposed to 
 the air, but protected from carbonic acid, it becomes 
 covered with crystalline scales of hydrate of lead ; 
 this reaction occurs only when the water is per- 
 fectly pure, for the presence of a trace of saline 
 impurity prevents the formation of the hydrate, 
 the nitrates alone being an exception, a very large 
 quantity of any of these being necessary in order 
 to prevent the formation of the hydrate. Almost 
 completely insoluble in cold chlorhydric acid, and 
 is only very feebly attacked by this acid when 
 boiling. Completely soluble in nitric acid, espe- 
 cially when this is not too concentrated, but if the 
 nitric acid contains sulphuric or chlorhydric acid, 
 its solvent power is very slight. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 Granulated lead disengages hydrogen, in toler- 
 able abundance, when treated with concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid ; and if a small quantity of a solu- 
 tion of bichloride of platinum is added, the reac- 
 tion becomes very energetic ; by means of this 
 addition an evolution of hydrogen may even be 
 excited with dilute chlorhydric acid, which by 
 itself would have no action upon lead. (Millon 
 C. R-, 1845, 21. 49; compare Barreswil, Ibid. 
 p. 292.) Cold concentrated sulphuric acid has 
 little or no action upon it ; when hot and very 
 concentrated this acid slowly dissolves it with evo- 
 lution of sulphurous acid, but the action is slight 
 Scarcely at all acted upon by boiling concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble in aqua-regia. Nitric 
 acid is its best solvent, but in a mixture of nitric 
 and sulphuric acid it is as good as insoluble ; the 
 presence of chlorhydric acid also diminishes the 
 solvent power of nitric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.^ 
 Unacted upon by highly concentrated nitric acid 
 ( Gm.) Alkaline solutions oxidize it when in con 
 tact with the air. 
 
 Unacted upon by perfectly pure water ; but is 
 very rapidly corroded by water containing nitrous 
 acid, or nitrites, in solution ; or ammonia or nitro 
 genous organic matter, from the decomposition o 
 which nitrous acid may result. (Medlock, Phil 
 Mag., (4.) 14.209.) 
 
 Those of the lead salts which are insoluble m 
 water are, for the most part, soluble in nitric acid 
 
 LEAD & PoTASSiCM(alloy of). Slowly de 
 composed by water. (Serullas.) 
 
 LECANORIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Lecanorin. Alpha Orsellic cold water. 
 
 Acid. BetaOrsellic Acid.) L esg so luble than Or 
 
 Uj H u u se llj c ac icl in water 
 
 ( Schunck.) Soluble in 2500 pts. of boiling water 
 in 150 pts. of alcohol of 80% at 15.5, and in 5 
 pts. of the same alcohol at boiling (Schunck) 
 in 45 pts: of boiling alcohol (Schunck, in Gmelin' 
 Handbook) ; in 80 pts. of ether at 15.5. (Schunck. 
 Easily soluble, without alteration, in boiling, les 
 soluble in cold acetic acid. Easily soluble in col 
 lime- or baryta-water. Decomposed by warm 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. The alkaline leca 
 norates are soluble in water. 
 
 LECANORATE OF BARYTA. Much less solubl 
 
 C., H.Ba0 lt than orsellate of baryta in water 
 
 Soluble in boiling alcohol. (Sten 
 
 house.) 
 
 LECANORATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 LECANORATE of protoxide OF IRON. Appear 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 LECANORATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 LECANORATE OF LEAD. Somewhat solub 
 in alcohol. 
 
 LECANORATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 r ater, being much less soluble therein than orsel- 
 ,te of lime. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 LECANORATE OF METHYL. Vid. Orsellate of 
 Methyl. 
 
 LECANORATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 LECANORIC ETHER. Vid. Orsellate of Ethyl. 
 
 LECANORIN. Vid. Lecanoric Acid. 
 
 LEGUMIN. Largely soluble in cold, but insol- 
 
 Vegetable Casein. Amandin.') uble in hot water, 
 
 being coagulated 
 
 when the solution is heated nearly to the tempera- 
 ure of ebullition. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 Soluble in ordinary acetic acid. In contact with 
 concentrated acetic acid it swells up to a mass 
 which is readily soluble in boiling water, and the 
 residue obtained on evaporating this solution is 
 capable of being rcdissolved by water. Soluble 
 n ammonia-water. Soluble in concentrated chlor- 
 lydric acid. Slowly and sparingly soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. Soluble, with decom- 
 DOsition, in strong nitric acid. Soluble in aque- 
 jus solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Dumas & 
 Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 433 ; com- 
 aare p. 424, et seq.) Insoluble in cold, partially 
 lecomposed by hot water. Not " soluble in 
 water," as stated by Dumas. (Lcewenberg and 
 others.) Insoluble in boiling alcohol or ether. 
 Easily soluble in cold aqueous solutions of potash, 
 soda, and ammonia ; on boiling the solution ob- 
 tained by potash or soda, decomposition ensues. 
 With solutions of caustic lime, or baryta, it forms 
 compounds insoluble in water ; it is, however, de- 
 composed when boiled with an excess of these 
 bases. The alkaline solution of legumin is co- 
 agulated by all the acids ; but when added in ex- 
 cess, the acids redissolve this precipitate. Easily 
 soluble in tartaric, oxalic, malic, and citric acids, 
 in concentrated chlorhydric and sulphuric acids, 
 also, with decomposition, in nitric acid. From its 
 aqueous solution it is precipitated, like casein, by 
 acetic and phosphoric acids. Insoluble in con- 
 centrated acetic acid. 
 LEINCELIC ACID. Vid. Olinic Acid. 
 
 LEPARGIC ACID. 
 
 LEPARGYLIC ACID. 
 
 LEPiDiN(of Leroux),(/rom several species of 
 Lepidium). Permanent. Easily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Sparingly soluble in oils. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Lcroux, Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 LEPioiN(of Williams). 
 
 LEPTANDRIN. Soluble in alcohol when recently 
 [Impure resin aid from prepared, becoming less so 
 LeptanUra Virginica.] by age. Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic ammo- 
 nia and potash. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 192.) 
 
 LETHAL. Vid. Hydrate of Lauricyl. 
 
 LETTCAZOLITMIN. 
 
 LETJCIC ACID. Soluble in water. Easily sol- 
 C 12 H 12 6 = C 12 H 11 S ,HO uble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. 
 LEUCATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 LEUCIN. Sparingly soluble in cold water, but 
 (Aposepedin. readily soluble in water at 60. 
 Thymin.) (Proust.) Soluble in 14 pts. of wa- 
 C 12 H 13 N0 4 ter aj . 22 o (B r aconnot); in 27.7 pts. 
 of water at 17.5 (Mulder.) More soluble than 
 tyrosin in cold water. 
 
 ) Identical with Anchoic 
 3, ) Acid, q. v. 
 
LIRIODENDRIN. 
 
 347 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. (Bra- 
 connot.) Sparingly soluble in ordinary alcohol, 
 and very sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Bopp.) Very sparingly soluble in absolute al- 
 cohol ; soluble in 658 pts. of cold alcohol of 0.828 
 sp. gr. ; the hot solution becomes turbid ou cool- 
 ing. (Mulder.) Soluble in 1040 pts. of cold al- 
 cohol of 96%, and in 800 pts. of warm alcohol of 
 98%. (Zollikofer. ) Insoluble in ether, even when 
 this is hot. (Proust ; Mulder.) Insoluble in chlo- 
 roform. The presence of acetate of potash or of 
 acetic acid increases its solubility both in water 
 and in alcohol. (Bopp.) Soluble, with combi- 
 nation, in weak acids. 
 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid (Mul- 
 der) ; readily soluble in dilute sulphuric acid, and 
 the solution may be evaporated at a temperature 
 of 100 without undergoing decomposition. 
 (Bopp.) More readily soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid than in water. (Braconnot.) Readily sol- 
 uble, with combination, in nitric acid ; also solu- 
 ble in a solution of caustic potash. (Proust.) 
 More soluble in ammonia-water than in water. 
 
 LEUCIN with COPPER. Readily soluble in a 
 C tz H 13 Cu N O s warm aqueous solution of leucin, 
 from which it is deposited on cool- 
 ing. 
 
 LEUCIN with LEAD. 
 
 I.) C 12 H 13 Pb N O s Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) C 12 H ]3 Pb N 6 , 8 Pb 
 
 III.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 LEUCIN with MERCURY. Readily soluble in 
 Cjj H^ Hg N 4 an aqueous solution of leucin. 
 (Gcessmann.) 
 
 LEUcoNiTRic ACID. Vid. Nitrate of Leucin. 
 
 LEUCORCEIN. 
 
 LEUCORCEIN with ZINC. Insoluble in water. 
 C, 8 II 12 N 8 , 3 Zn + 2 Aq 
 
 LEUCOTURIC ACID. Generally admitted to be 
 C, H 3 N 2 8 identical with Allanturic Acid ; but 
 according to Schlieper it is insoluble 
 in cold water. Soluble in hot water. 
 
 LEUKOL. Vid. Quinolein. 
 
 LEVC-RACEMIC ACID. Vid. Ze/iTartaric Acid. 
 
 LICHENIC ACID. Vid. Fumaric Acid. 
 
 LICHENIN. Sparingly soluble in cold water ; 
 
 (Starch nf Moss.) decomposed by long-continued 
 
 C 12 H 10 10 boiling with water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol or ether. Decomposed 
 
 by boiling dilute acids. 
 
 LICHEN-RED. Vid. Orcein. 
 
 LICHENSTEARIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 C 28 H M 6 Easily soluble in alcohol, especially if 
 this be warm. Soluble in ether and in 
 volatile and fatty oils. Easily soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water, and in solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Knop & Schnedermann.) 
 
 LlCHENSTEARATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 LICHEN STEARATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 C 28 H 23 Ba 6 
 
 LlCHENSTEARATE OF LEAD. 
 C 28 H 23 Pb 
 
 LlCHENSTEARATE OF POTASH- Soluble Ul 
 
 pure water, and in boiling absolute alcohol. 
 
 LlCHENSTEARATE OF SODA. 
 
 LlCHENSTEARATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 LIGHT-CARBURETTED HYDROGEN. Vid. Hy- 
 dride of Methyl. 
 
 LroNONE. Miscible in all proportions with 
 (Xylit. Formosal.) water, alcohol, oil- of turpen- 
 tine, and ether ; from the latter 
 water separates it. (Leopold Gmelin.) 
 
 LiGULiN(coloring matter of Ligustrum vulgare). 
 Soluble in water, alcohol, and a mixture of alcohol 
 and ether. Not altered by boiling for forty-eight 
 hours with water, nor by digestion during six 
 weeks with sulphurous acid. Insoluble in ether. 
 (J. Nickles, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 29. 326; Rp. Chim. 
 pure, 1. 496.) 
 
 LiGUSTRiN(from Ligustrum vulgare). Easily sol- 
 uble in water and in dilute spirit. Insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol, or in ether. (Polex.) 
 
 LILACIN. Vid. Syringin. 
 
 LIMACIN. Somewhat soluble in cold, more 
 soluble in warm water. Soluble in boiling alco- 
 hol, in concentrated chlorhydric acid, and easily 
 in alkaline liquors. (Braconnot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 16.319.) 
 
 LIME. Vid. Oxide of Calcium. 
 
 LIMETTIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 22 H 8 0, 2 = C 22 H 6 10 , 2 H Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Vohl.) 
 
 LIMETTATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 22 H 6 Ag 2 12 water. 
 
 LIMONIN. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 C 44 H^ O u ammonia-water, or ether ; somewhat 
 more soluble in mineral acids. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and acetic acid ; still more 
 readily soluble in solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 it is precipitated by water. Soluble in boiling 
 nitric acid, without decomposition. 
 
 LiNiN(from Linum catharticum). Insoluble 
 in water, or oil of turpentine. Tolerably easily 
 soluble in ether ; but most easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and in concentrated acetic acid. Insoluble 
 in dilute acids. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric and nitric acids, and in alkaline solutions. 
 
 LINOLEIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 C H,.,0, ble in alcohol, and ether. (Schueler, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 101. 256.) 
 
 LINOLEATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. Easily soluble in ether. (Schueler.) 
 
 LINOLEATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 (Schueler, loc. cit.) 
 
 LIPIC ACID. Tolerably soluble in cold water, 
 C 10 H 8 8 being more soluble therein than pimelic 
 or adipic acids. 
 
 100 pts. of water at 18 dissolve 10.56 pts. of it. 
 (Wirz, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 104. 280.) Soluble 
 in boiling alcohol, and in ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 LIPATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 LIPATE OF COPPER. 
 C 10 H 6 Cu 2 8 
 
 LIPATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. (Wirz.) 
 C 10 H 6 Ca 2 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 LIPATE OF SILVER. 
 C 10 H 6 Ag 2 8 
 
 LIPATE OF SODA. Efflorescent. Soluble in 
 C, H a Naj 8 + 12 Aq water. (Wirz.) 
 
 LiRiODENDRiN(from Liriodendron tulipifera). 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Very soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. Insoluble in dilute acids, or 
 
348 
 
 LYCOSTEARONE. 
 
 dilute alkaline solutions. Unacted upon by con- 
 centrated nitric acid ; decomposed by concen- 
 trated sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids. (Emmet.) 
 
 LITHIA. Vid. Oxide of Lithium. 
 
 LITHIUM. The salts of lithium are exceedingly 
 Li deliquescent and soluble in water, being in 
 general more soluble than the corresponding 
 potash salts. (Troost.) 
 
 LlTHIUMETHYL with ZiNCETHTL. 
 
 LITHIC ACID. Vid. Uric Acid. 
 
 LITHOFELLIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 
 (Bezoaric Acid.) uble in 29.4 pts. of ab- 
 
 C 40 H SO 8 = C 4o HSS OT> H solute alcohol at 20, 
 
 and in 6.5 pts. at the 
 
 temperature of boiling ; in 444 pts. of ether at 20, 
 and in 47 pts. of boiling ether. Readily soluble 
 in concentrated acetic acid, and in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. But in general acids precipitate 
 it from its soluble salts. Readily soluble in solu- 
 tions of caustic or carbonated ammonia, and on 
 evaporating these solutions the acid is left free 
 from ammonia. Also soluble in solutions of the 
 fixed caustic alkalies. 
 
 The alkaline lithofellates are soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 LlTHOFELLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 water, but is decomposed when the solution is 
 evaporated. 
 
 LlTHOFELLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. (Heumann.) 
 
 LlTHOFELLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water; some- 
 what more soluble in alcohol. 
 
 LITHOFELLATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 LITHOFELLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether. Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of sodium. 
 
 LITHOFELLATE OF SILVER. Soluble in alcohol. 
 C< Hjj Ag 8 
 
 LITHOFELLATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether. Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of sodium. 
 
 LITMUS, according to Gelis, contains 
 
 a 
 
 p Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and alkaline solutions. 
 
 Y 
 
 <5 Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. Soluble 
 in solutions of the alkalies. 
 
 LoBELiN(from Lobelia inftata). Gradually dis- 
 solves in water. Very soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether ; the latter removes it from the aqueous so- 
 lution. Soluble in the fixed and volatile oils. 
 Soluble in dilute acids, with combination. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 417.) 
 
 LOBELATE OF LOBELIN. 
 
 LOPHIN. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Lophyl. pyroAmarin. Sparingly soluble in ether ; 
 pyroBenzolin.) more readily soluble in al- 
 
 r. TI w M ii' 28 H 8 c cohol. (Atkinson & Gcess- 
 
 *- / 42"lB W 2 = ^2 ) ^14 "6 1 /-<! T-l/ 
 
 (H" mann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 97. 286.) Insoluble in 
 
 boiling water. Very sparingly soluble in hot 
 alcohol, ether, naphtha, or oil of turpentine, and 
 still less soluble in these liquids when they are 
 cold. (Laurent.) Insoluble in water, acids, or 
 aqueous solutions of the alkalies. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, more readily soluble in hot alcohol. 
 (Fownes.) 
 
 Its best solvent is a boiling concentrated alco- 
 holic solution of caustic potash, in which it dis- 
 ! solves without alteration. Easily soluble in iodide 
 of ethyl. Most of its salts are insoluble in water; 
 they are sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 LOPHIN with NITRATE OF SILVER. 
 I.) C 42 H 16 N 2 ; Ag 0, N 5 Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in cold 
 alcohol. Decomposed by boiling alcohol. 
 
 II.) 2 C 42 H 18 N 2 ; 3 (Ag 0, N 8 ) Sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 III.) 2C 42 H 16 N 2 -, AgO,N0 5 Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. (Gcess- 
 mann & Atkinson, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 97. 292.) 
 
 LOPHYL. Vid. Lophin. 
 LUCIIONIN. Vid. Glairin. 
 
 LuPiNiN(from Lupinus albus). Deliquescent. 
 Easily soluble in water and in dilute spirit. In- 
 soluble in alcohol or ether. (Cassola.) 
 
 LUPULIN. Soluble in 20 pts. of hot water. 
 (Humulin. Bitter Easily soluble in alcohol. In- 
 principle of Hops.) soluble in ether. 
 
 LuTEoCoBALT. Its salts are in general more 
 6 N H 3 . Coj 3 soluble in water than the correspond- 
 ing compounds of roscocobalt ; 
 they are very stable in the presence of most acids. 
 Neutral or alkaline solutions are readily decom- 
 posed by boiling. 
 
 LUTEOLIN. Soluble in 14000 pts. of cold, 
 (Luteolic Acid.) and in 5000 pts. of boiling water ; 
 40 H u ie in 37 pts. of alcohol ; and in 625 pts. 
 
 of ether. 
 
 Almost entirely insoluble in dilute acids, espe- 
 cially in the cold. Tolerably easily soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated unchanged on the addition of water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Soluble in hot, sparingly soluble in cold, concen- 
 trated acetic acid. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in warm nitric acid. Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the caustic and carbonated alkalies, and in am- 
 monia-water. (F. Moldenhauer, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 100. 186.) 
 
 LUTEOLIN with BARYTA. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. 
 
 LUTEOLIN with COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 LUTEOLIN with LEAD. 
 
 LUTEOLIN with POTASH. 
 
 LUTIDIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, less solu- 
 (Isomeric with. Toluidin.) ble in hot water. Its salts 
 N | C M H 9 '" are mostly very soluble in 
 
 water. (Anderson.) 
 
 LYCORESIN. Insoluble in cold, exceedingly 
 Og,, H 32 O 4 sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 Abundantly soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Very sparingly soluble in cold solutions 
 of the caustic or carbonated alkalies ; these solu- 
 tions are decomposed on heating. (Kamp, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 303.) 
 
 LYCOSTEARONE. Insoluble in cold, somewhat 
 (Isomeric with soluble in boiling water. Sparingly 
 Behenic Acid.) so i u bi e j n co id, mO re soluble in hot, 
 ^so H SO U 4 alcohol or ether. Sparingly soluble 
 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. Easily and 
 abundantly soluble in solutions of the caustic or 
 carbonated alkalies. (Kamp, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 
 100. 302.) 
 
MALATES. 
 
 349 
 
 M. 
 
 MADARIN. Vid. Mudarin. 
 MAGNESIA. Vid. Oxide of Magnesium. 
 
 MAGNESIUM. Permanent in dry air. Very 
 Mg slowly oxidized by pure cold water, but very 
 quickly attacked by acidulated water, being 
 dissolved by dilute acids. Difficultly soluble in 
 strong sulphuric acid. It takes tire in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. Most of the magnesium salts 
 are soluble in water ; those insoluble in water are 
 generally soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 MALAMIC ACID. Vid. Aspartic Acid. 
 MALAMID. 
 
 (Isomeric with dry Asparagin.) 
 
 MALAMID (active) with (n#fa)TARTRAMiD. 100 
 pts. of water at 20 dissolve 18.01 pts. of it. (Pas- 
 teur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 466.) 
 
 MALAMiD(actiVe) with (Z<?/2)TARTRAMiD. Much 
 more soluble than the preceding compound [of 
 (right)tartramid] ; requiring less than 3 pts. of 
 water to dissolve it at 19. (Pasteur, Ibid., p. 
 467.) 
 
 MALAMATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in alcohol, 
 sparingly soluble, or insoluble in ether. (Demon- 
 desir.) 
 
 MALAMYLIC ACID. Vid. Amylmalic Acid. 
 MALANIL. Vid. PhenylMalimid. 
 
 MALANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylMalamic 
 Acid. 
 
 MALANILID. Vid. PhenylMalamid. 
 
 MALIC ACID. Soluble in water, spirit, and 
 (Solanic Acid. Fungic Acid. Me- ether. 
 nispermic Acid. Cocculinic Acid.) GMr-'htt an .i,, 
 
 C 8 H 6 10 = C, H 4 0., 2 H , . Subtly s^- 
 
 ble in caoutchm ; 
 
 but is decomposed when boiled with it for some 
 time. (Himly.) 
 
 There are two modifications of malic acid : 
 a " active," and /* " inactive." The active modi- 
 fication is deliquescent and very soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. The inactive modification is not de- 
 liquescent. It is, however, very soluble in water, 
 though less soluble than the active modification. 
 (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34.47.) Most 
 malates are soluble in water ; some being deli- 
 quescent ; but few are soluble in alcohol ; those 
 insoluble in alcohol dissolve in nitric acid. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) 
 
 MALATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 II.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. (Bra- 
 connot.) 
 
 MALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 C 8 H 4 (N H 4 ) 2 10 water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 a = c 8 H 6 (N H 4 ) 10 = (*) The a salt is per- 
 manent. 100 pts. 
 
 of water at 15.7 dissolve 32.15 pts. of it; or 1 pt. 
 of the salt is soluble in 3.11 pts. of water at 15.7. 
 (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 50.) Solu- 
 ble in 8 pts. of cold, and in much less hot water. 
 (Liebig.) Insoluble in absolute alcohol or in 
 
 ether. (Braconnot.) Very slowly soluble in di- 
 lute spirit. (Liebig.) Crystallizes from its solu- 
 tion in nitric acid. 
 
 b = C 8 H 6 (N H 4 ) ON, = (} More soluble in water 
 
 than the preceding. 
 
 If = C g H 5 (N H 4 ) 10 + 2 Aq Crystallizes from 
 the mother liquor 
 of 6. 
 
 MALATE OF AMMONIA & OF ANTIMONY. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 MALATE OF AMMONIA & OF LEAD. Soluble 
 in water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALATE OF AMMONIA & OF LIME. Soluble 
 in water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 MALATE OF AMMONIA with SULPHATE OF 
 COPPER. Permanent. 
 
 .B/MALATE(a)oF AMMONIA with (right)biT\R- 
 C 8 H 6 (N H 4 ) 10 ; C 8 II 5 (N H 4 ) 12 TRATE OF AM- 
 MONIA. 100 pts. 
 
 of water at 15 dissolve 8.436 @ 8.515 pts. of this 
 double salt ; it is partially decomposed by recrys- 
 tallization. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys.."(3.) 38. 
 463.) 
 
 MALATE OF AMMONIUMCHLOROPLATIN(OS)- 
 (Gros's Malate.) AMMONIUM. Somewhat soluble 
 in water. (Gros, Ann. derPharm., 
 1838, 27. 256.) 
 
 MALATE OF ANTIMONY & OF POTASH. 
 
 MALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = C 8 H 4 Ba, 10 The anhydrous salt is abso- 
 lutely insoluble in water, 
 even when this is boiling ; but is easily soluble in 
 acids. Water containing a trace of nitric acid 
 readily dissolves it. (Liebig.) 
 
 b = c 8 H 4 Ba^ O to + 2 Aq Easily soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 c = C 8 H 4 Ba,, 10 + 4 Aq Permanent. Easily 
 soluble in water. 
 (Braconnot.) 
 
 II.) acid. More soluble than the normal salt (c) 
 in water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 C 8 H 4 Cu 2 O 10 + 2 Aq water. (Luck.) 
 
 II. ) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H B Cu 10 + 2 Aq 
 
 III.) tris. 
 
 a = C 8 H 4 Cu 2 O to , Cu + 4 Aq Insoluble in wa- 
 ter or malic acid. 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 6 = C 8 H 4 Cu 2 10 , Cu + 5 Aq Soluble in water, 
 the solution un- 
 dergoing decomposition in the course of a few 
 days. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 C = C 8 H 4 Cu 2 10 , Cu + 6 Aq 
 
 MALATE OF COPPER with SULPHATE OF AM- 
 MONIA. Permanent. More soluble than sulphate 
 of copper in water. (Schulze.) 
 
 MALATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) riormal. Very easily decomposed by water. 
 C 8 H 4 (C 4 H B ) 2 10 
 
 II.) acid Vid. EthylMalic Acid. 
 C 8 H 6 (C 4 H 6 ) 10 
 
 MALATES OF IRON. Permanent. Very solu- 
 normal $ add- ble in water, and alcohol. (Scheele, 
 Braconnot.) Oxide of iron is not 
 
350 
 
 MALATES. 
 
 precipitated when caustic alkalies are added to th 
 aqueous solution. (H.Rose.) 
 
 MALATE OF LEAD. 
 
 1.) C 8 H 4 Pb 2 O 10 + 6 Aq Very sparingly soluble 
 in cold, somewhat more 
 
 soluble in hot water. After passing into the res 
 inous state, it is less readily soluble in water. 
 (Braconnot; Vauquelin.) Both the active anc 
 the inactive modifications are soluble in an aque 
 ous solution of acetate of lead. (Pasteur, Ann 
 Ch. el Phys., (3.) 34. 59.) Donovan supposes 
 that it does not dissolve in water, as such, but as 
 an acid salt, while a basic salt remains ; but Las 
 saigne says that it dissolves completely, if sufficient 
 water be employed. It is no more soluble in 
 acetic or malic acids than in pure water. Easily 
 soluble in nitric acid. Insoluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Rogers.) With ammonia- water it forms 
 a clear solution ; also in hot aqueous solutions of 
 nitrate and succinate of ammonia and of chloride 
 of ammonium. With a hot aqueous solution of 
 sulphate of ammonia it forms a solution which is 
 at first clear, but subsequently becomes turbid ; 
 with carbonate of ammonia its solution is per- 
 manently turbid. (Wittstein.) Soluble in dilute 
 nitric acid. (Lerch.) 
 
 II.) tetra. Both the active and inactive modi- 
 C 8 H 4 Pb 2 10 , 2 Pb fications are almost entirely 
 insoluble either in hot or in 
 cold water. They are both soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of acetate of lead ; also in water acidu- 
 lated with acetic acid. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 34. 59.) 
 
 MALATE OF LEAD & OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 MALATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = Cg H 4 Ca 2 10 The anhydrous salt is nearly 
 insoluble, even in boiling 
 water. (Hagen.) Very sparingly soluble either 
 in hot or cold water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Pas- 
 teur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 57.) Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid, and in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 31. 85.) Soluble in 1995 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 8, and in 600 pts. at 100. 
 
 6 = C g H 4 Ca-j 10 + 2 Aq Is deposited on boil- 
 ing the aqueous solu- 
 tion of the 4 Aq salt (c), and is almost insoluble 
 in water. (Richardson & Menzdorf.) 
 
 c = C 8 H 4 Ca 2 10 + 4 Aq Soluble in water ; a 
 portion of the 2 Aq 
 
 salt (b) being precipitated on boiling the solution ; 
 a precipitate is also formed on the addition of 
 alcohol. 
 
 d = c g H 4 Ca, 10 + 5 Aq Somewhat soluble in 
 water. (Pasteur, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 57.) The salt obtained by 
 mixing solutions of chloride of calcium and of 
 normal malate of soda is soluble in 147 pts. of 
 cold water, and in (at most) 65 pts. of boiling 
 water, from which it does not again separate as 
 the solution cools. (Braconnot.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very sparingly soluble in cold wa- 
 C 8 H 5 Ca 10 + 8 Aq ter. (Pasteur.) Abundantly 
 soluble in water. (Rogers.) 
 Sparingly soluble in water. (Braconnot.) The 
 active modification is soluble in 50 pts. of cold 
 water, and is [much (Pasteur)] more soluble in 
 boiling water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 Pasteur (Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1852, (3.) 34. 59) 
 regrets that he has not yet been able to compare 
 the solubilities of the two modifications. 
 
 Insoluble in boiling alcohol of 96%. (Wacken- 
 roder.) Soluble in boiling alcohol of 70%, leaving 
 a portion of the anhydrous normal salt as a white 
 powder; as the solution cools, No. II. (the acid 
 salt) is deposited, while a superacid salt remains 
 in solution. (Wackenroder.) Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 MALATE OF LIME & OF POTASH. 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 MALATE OF LIME & OF SODA. Ppt. 
 
 MALATE OF LITHIA. 
 I.) normal) 
 II.) acid. } 
 
 MALATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = c 8 H 4 Mg 2 10 Insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 6 = C 8 H 4 Mg 2 10 + 2Aq 
 
 c = C 8 H 4 Mg 2 10 + 10 Aq Efflorescent. (Liebig.) 
 Permanent. (Dono- 
 van.) Soluble in water, from which alcohol pre- 
 cipitates it. Soluble in 28 pts. of water. (Dono- 
 van.) 100 pts. of water dissolve 3.6 pts. of it. 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H B Mg0 10 + 4Aq (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALATE OF MANGANESE. 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 41 pts. of cold alcohol. 
 (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insoluble 
 in water, alcohol, or ether. Soluble in hot nitric 
 acid. (Harff.) Easily soluble in malic and in 
 stronger acids. (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 I.) normal. Decomposed by water, to a soluble 
 acid and an insoluble basic salt. (Braconnot.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in 2000 pts. of water. Sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric, and nitric acids. (HarfF.) 
 
 MALATE OF METHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Tolerably soluble in water. Solu- 
 C 8 H 4 (C 2 H s ) 2 10 ble in ether. (Demondesir.) 
 II.) acid. Vid. MethylMalic Acid. 
 
 MALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 ' 8 H 4 K 2 0, water. Insoluble in strong alcohol. 
 (Braconnot.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in water. In- 
 8 H 6 K0 10 soluble in alcohol. (Donovan.) 
 
 MALATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boiling, less 
 C g H 4 Ag, 10 soluble in cold water. Easily solu- 
 ble in acids. 
 
 MALATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in water; in- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Donovan.) 
 
 MALATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 MALATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 4 Sr 2 0, + 2 Aq (Braconnot.) 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in cold, more sol- 
 ible in boiling water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALATE of protoxide OF TIN. Hygroscopic. 
 
 asily soluble in water. 
 
MALONATES. 
 
 351 
 
 (Isomeric with Fumaric Acid.) 
 ~ , H 2 6 , 2 H 
 
 MALATE of binoxide OF TIN. Easily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 MALATE ofsesquioxide OF URANIUM. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Richter.) 
 
 MALATE OF YTTRIA. Soluble in 74 pts. of 
 Cg H 4 Yr 2 10 + 2 Aq water. Abundantly soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of 
 malate of soda, apparently with combination. 
 (Berlin.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of malic 
 acid, from which it crystallizes out unchanged. 
 (Berlin.) 
 
 MALATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 55 pts. of cold water, 
 C 8 H 4 Zn 2 10 + 6 Aq and in 10 pts. of boiling water ; 
 from which it does not again 
 separate as the solution cools. (Braconnot.) 
 Soluble in 67 pts. of water at 20. (Lassaigne.) 
 Very sparingly soluble in water. (Pasteur, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 31. 86.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 23 pts. of cold water. 
 C 8 H fi Zn O 10 -f 2 Aq (Braconnot.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. (Braconnot.) 
 C g H 4 Zn 2 10 , Zn O 
 
 MALATE OF ZIRCONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 MALEIC Acio(Anhydrous). 
 (Identical with Anhydrous Fumaric Acid.) 
 C 8 H 2 8 
 
 MALEIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble in 2 pts. 
 
 (PyroMalic Acid. ParaFumaric Acid. of water (Las- 
 Eqiiisetic Acid._ ParaSorbic Acid.) saiene) in 
 
 about its own 
 weight of cold 
 water. (Pelouze.) Very soluble in alcohol (Pe- 
 louze, Lassaigne) ; also soluble in ether. (Reg- 
 nault.) Soluble in ammonia-water. The metallic 
 maleates, excepting those of lead, silver, and cop- 
 per, are generally soluble in water ; its compounds 
 with the alkaloids are also readily soluble in water. 
 (Pelouze.) Solutions of the maleates are not pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of another acid ; in this 
 they differ from those of the fumarates, the spar- 
 ingly soluble fumaric acid being deposited when 
 an acid is added to these. 
 
 MALEATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. More soluble 
 than the acid salt in water. (Buechner.) Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water ; though less 
 C 8 H 3 (N H 4 ) 8 soluble than the normal salt. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 MALEATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 9 pts. of water at 20. 
 C 8 H 2 Baj 8 + 4 Aq (Regnault.) Easily soluble in 
 boiling water. (Buechner.) 
 Soluble in baryta-water. (Pelouze.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 C 8 H 8 Ba0 8 + 5Aq cohol. (Buechner.) Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Gerhardt's TV.) 
 
 MALEATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water, even 
 Cg H 2 Cu 2 O 8 + 2 Aq when this is boiling. Soluble 
 in ammonia-water. (Buech- 
 ner.) 
 
 MALEATE OF CUPR(ZC)AMMONIUM. Very sol- 
 C g H 2 (N H 8 Cu) 2 8 uble in water, insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Buechner.) 
 
 MALEATE OF IRON. 
 
 MALEATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water, or 
 Cg H 2 Pb 2 8 + 6 Aq acetic acid. Soluble in nitric 
 acid. (Braconnot.) 
 
 MALEATE OF LIJIE. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C 8 H 2 Ca 2 8 + 2 Aq in alcohol. (Buechner.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Very soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 3 CaOg + 6Aq Insoluble in alcohol. (Buech- 
 ner.) 
 
 MALEATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water. It is also 
 C 8 H, Mg 2 8 soluble in spirit, although absolute 
 alcohol precipitates it from the con- 
 centrated aqueous solution. (Buechner.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 C 8 H 3 Mg Og + 6 Aq alcohol. (Buechner. ) 
 
 MALEATE OF MERCURY. 
 
 MALEATE OF NICKEL. Readily soluble in 
 C 8 H 2 Ni 2 8 + 2 Aq water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Buechner.) 
 
 MALEATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Very soluble in 
 C 8 H 2 K 2 O 8 water ; more soluble than the acid salt. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Pelouze, Buech- 
 ner.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water; though less 
 CgHgKOg + Aq soluble than the normal salt. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Buech- 
 ner.) 
 
 MALEATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Very de- 
 C 8 H 2 NaK O g -f-2 Aq liquescent. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of alcohol. 
 
 MALEATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 2 Ag 2 8 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 8 H s AgOg 
 
 MALEATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Soluble in water, 
 C 8 H 2 Na2 Og more readily than the acid salt. Al- 
 cohol precipitates it from the aque- 
 ous solution. (Buechner, Pelouze.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 C g H 8 Na 8 -4- 6 Aq soluble in boiling water. Less 
 soluble in water than the nor- 
 mal salt. Insoluble in alcohol. (Buechner.) 
 
 MALEATE OF STRONTIA. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 2 Sr 2 8 + 10 Aq 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 C 8 H 3 Sr 8 -f- 8 Aq cohol. (Buechner.) 
 
 MALEATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. Insol- 
 C 8 H 2 Zn 2 8 + 4 Aq uble in alchol. (Buechner.) 
 
 MALONIC ACID. Readily soluble in water, 
 C 6 H 4 8 = C 6 H 2 6 , 2 H and alcohol. (Des- 
 saignes.) 
 
 MALONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 MALONATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat soluble in 
 water. 
 
 MALONATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Soluble in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 MALONATE OF LIME. Somewhat soluble in 
 water. 
 
352 
 
 MANNITE. 
 
 MALONATE of dinoxlde OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 MALONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 MALONATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble 
 C 6 H 2 Ag 2 8 in water. ( Dessaignes.) 
 
 MAN.DELIC ACID. Vid. FormoBenzoylic Acid. 
 
 MANGANIC ACID. Its alkaline salts alone are 
 Mn 3 soluble in water, those of the alkaline 
 earths being insoluble. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 MANGANATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 Ba 0, Mn O s 
 
 MANGANATE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in 
 
 (Bin black, or per- Oride of Manganese.) water. Solu- 
 
 Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 = 3 Mn 2 ble, with de- 
 
 composition, in 
 
 chlorhydric, sulphuric, nitrous, and sulphurous 
 acids. It is more readily soluble in acids when 
 reducing agents, like oxalic acid, sugar, or other 
 organic matters, are present. Sparingly soluble 
 in hot concentrated, but insoluble in dilute nitric 
 acid. (Deville.) On boiling with an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium, it undergoes no 
 change excepting a slight reduction and formation 
 of a very small quantity of protoxide, which dis- 
 solves. (H.Rose, Tr.) When pure it is insolu- 
 ble in dilute sulphuric acid in the cold, or even 
 when gently heated, but if a small quantity of 
 protoxide of manganese is present, much of the 
 peroxide will be dissolved. (Carius.) Several 
 hydrates of this compound have been described ; 
 as a rule, they are much more readily soluble in 
 acids than the native mineral. 
 
 MANGANATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 K 0, Mn 3 with subsequent decomposition. Sol- 
 uble, without decomposition, in cold 
 alkaline solutions, but these are decomposed on 
 boiling. 
 
 MANGANATE OF SODA. Very soluble in water. 
 (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 MANGANATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Chevillot & Edwards.) 
 
 MANGANESE. Permanent in dry air, but ox- 
 Mn idizes when exposed to moist air at the ordi- 
 nary temperature. Slowly oxidized by cold, 
 rapidly by hot water ; less rapidly by alcohol. 
 Readily soluble in acids, even when these are 
 dilute. 
 
 PerMANGANic ACID. Vid. PerManganic 
 Acid. 
 
 MANGANlCYANIDE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 MANGANI CYANIDE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 3 Mn Cy, Mn 2 Cy s 
 
 MANGANlCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. DeCOm- 
 
 3 K Uy, Mn 2 Cy s posed by water, alcohol, and 
 acids ; but is soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of cyanide of potassium. (Balard.) 
 
 MANGANlCYANIDE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 3 Ag Cy, Mn z Cy 3 
 
 MANGOSTIN. Insoluble in water. Readily sol- 
 C< H^ 10 uble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in 
 warm, less soluble in cold dilute acids. 
 Decomposed by warm concentrated nitric acid. 
 Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when heated. 
 Soluble in solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Schmid, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 85.) 
 
 MANGOSTIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 5 Pb 0, 2 (C 40 H M 10 ) + Aq in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 Decomposed by acids. 
 
 MANNIDE. Very deliquescent. Very soluble 
 C 12 H 10 8 in cold water, and in cold absolute al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether. (Berthelot, 
 Ann.Ch. et Phys., (3.) 47. 313.) 
 
 MANNITAN. Deliquescent. Extremely soluble 
 
 (Anhydrous Mannite.} in water, and in 
 
 (/*> with Pinit and Quern*.) absolute alcohol. 
 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 After having been dried, it dissolves slowly though 
 abundantly in absolute alcohol. Soluble, with 
 combination, in concentrated chlorhydric, and sul- 
 phuric acids. The baryta salt of the new com- 
 pound with sulphuric acid is soluble in water. 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 47. 308.) 
 
 MANNITATE OF X. Vid. Mannite with X. 
 
 MANNi(te)TARTARic ACID. Soluble in water. 
 c so H is Oss (Berthelot, loc. cit., p. 330.) 
 
 MANNITARTRATE OF LIME. When recently 
 c so H is Ca s QSS + 6 Aq precipitated, it is readily sol- 
 uble in water ; but after dry- 
 ing, it dissolves slowly and with difficulty. Al- 
 most entirely insoluble in alcohol which has been 
 diluted with 1 or even 2 vols. of water. 
 
 MANNITARTRATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 C 30 H 15 Mg 3 035, 4 Mg + 30 H water. Sparingly 
 soluble in spirit. 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 47. 330.) 
 
 MANNITE. Readily soluble in water. Spar- 
 
 (Mushroom Sugar. Fraxinin. ingly Soluble in cold, 
 Grenatin. Perhaps identical j, soluble ir , b H _ 
 
 with, Melampynn. Isomeric . *, , 
 with Dukit.) in alcohol. Insolu- 
 
 ble in ether. After 
 
 mannite has been digested with water for a day or 
 two, the latter may hold much more of the former 
 in solution than will be found several days later, 
 the solution having been maintained at the 
 same temperature. This decrease of solubility, 
 however, soon ceases, and at last the composition 
 of the solution remains constant. (Berthelot, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 85.) 100 pts. of an 
 aqueous solution, saturated at 18, contains 13.7 
 pts., and at 20, 14.15 pts. 10 c. c. of a solution 
 of mannite in absolute alcohol, saturated at 14, 
 contain 0.0065 grm. of mannite. 10 c. c. of a 
 solution of mannite in alcohol of 0.8985 sp. gr., 
 saturated at 15, contain 0.115 grm. (Berthelot, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 85.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 18 dissolve 15.6 pts., and at 23, 
 18.5 pts. of it. Sometimes mannite dissolves in 
 much larger proportion than the above in cold 
 water; thus 100 pts. of water at 18 can dissolve 
 even 30 pts. of mannite, but such solutions are 
 neither stable nor in fixed proportions. ( Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 46. 85.) It would seem that crys- 
 tallized mannite must be in a molecular state, dis- 
 tinct from that of dissolved mannite. 100 pts. of 
 alcohol, of 0.8985 sp. gr., dissolve at 15, 1.2 pts. of 
 mannite. 100 pts. of absolute alcohol at 14 dis- 
 solve 0.07 pt. of it. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Ph</s., (3.) 47. 301.) Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of .caustic potash, soda, baryta, and lime, 
 without alteration even on boiling, unless these 
 solutions be very concentrated. Soluble, with 
 combination, in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Favre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 76.) 
 MANNITE with OXIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 (Mannitate of Lead.} 
 
 I.) mono. Very soluble in water. (Favre, 
 Pb 0, C 6 H 6 4 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 75.) 
 
 II.) di. Very sparingly soluble in boiling 
 
 2 Pb ; C 8 H fi 4 water. Partially decomposed by 
 
 water, especially if this be boil- 
 
MARGARONE. 
 
 353 
 
 ing. Insoluble in alcohol. Soluble in ammo- 
 niacal acetate of lead, especially if it be warm. 
 (Favre, loc. cit.) 
 
 . III.) tri. Insoluble in water. (Favre, loc. cit.) 
 3 Pb 0, C H B 4 
 
 MANNITE with LIME. Soluble in water, the 
 strong aqueous solution coagulating on being 
 heated, but becoming clear again on cooling. 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et P/iys., (3.) 46. pp. 179, 
 177, 180.) (See also Oxideof Calcium.) 
 
 MARGARAMID. Permanent. Insoluble in wa- 
 C M 1135 N 2 = N I & H * <*r . Very soluble in 
 ' H 2 alcohol, and ether, es- 
 
 pecially when these are warm. 
 
 MARGARIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Read- 
 
 Cgj Hsa 3 , H ily soluble in alcohol, and ether ; 
 
 in all proportions when these 
 
 liquids are warm. Difficultly soluble in cold, 
 
 very easily soluble in hot alcohol. 
 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble in all proportions 
 in boiling alcohol of 0.821 sp. gr. (Chevreul, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1816, (2.) 2. pp. 356, 349.) 
 Soluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 The normal alkaline margarates are soluble in 
 pure water, especially if it be warm ; they are much 
 more soluble in hot than in cold alcohol ; and are 
 almost insoluble in ether. The alkaline-earthy, and 
 earthy salts are insoluble in water or ether ; and 
 many of them are insoluble in alcohol. As a 
 general rule, the margarates are insoluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol, or in ether. 
 MARGARATE OF AMMONIA. 
 I. ) normal. 
 Cs4 H M (N H 4 ) 4 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 MARGARATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in hot al- 
 34 Hg, Ba 4 cohol. 
 MARGARATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 MARGARATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or almost 
 C s4 H 3a( C 4 H B ) 4 insoluble, in water. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 MARGARATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Margarin. 
 MARGARATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 C 34 H s3 pb 4 300 pts. of boiling alcohol. Soluble 
 in 10 pts. of boiling ether. Soluble 
 in all proportions in boiling naphtha, and oil of tur- 
 pentine,. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 20 @ 30 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol of 0.823 sp. gr. ; as this solution cools the 
 normal salt (No. I.) is deposited. Soluble in 100 
 pts. of boiling ether. Boiling naphtha, and oil of 
 turpentine dissolve it in all proportions. 
 
 III.) di. Insoluble in alcohol, or ether. Solu- 
 C M HJJ Pb 4 , Pb ble in naphtha, and oil of tur- 
 pentine. 
 
 MARGARATE OF LIME. Insoluble in boiling 
 C 34 H 33 Ca0 4 alcohol. (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (2.) 2. 353, note.) 
 MARGARATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 uble in water. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 MARGARATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 uble in water, or cold alcohol ; soluble in boiling 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 MARGARATE OF METHYL. 
 C M HS, (C, H s ) 4 
 MARGARATE OF POTASH. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 10 pts. of hot water. 
 C^ H 33 K 4 Soluble in boiling water, the 
 
 solution undergoing decomposi- 
 tion on cooling, the insoluble acid salt separating 
 45 
 
 out. (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 2. 356.) 
 1 pt. of this salt will convert 10 pts. of water at 
 11.6 into a translucent jelly. When this jelly is 
 heated to 70 the solution becomes complete. A 
 cloudiness reappears when the temperature of the 
 solution has fallen to 60. (Chevreul. [T.]). 
 Soluble in 83 pts. of cold, and in 10 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol. 100 pts. of alcohol at 10 can hold in 
 solution 1.21 pts. of it. If 1 pt. of the salt be 
 boiled with 10 pts. of alcohol of 0.821 sp. gr., it dis- 
 solves ; if now this solution be cooled to 40 it 
 solidifies entirely. Insoluble in ether, by which it 
 is partially decomposed. 
 
 II.) acid. Almost completely insoluble in wa- 
 j H^ K 4 , Cj! H 34 O 4 ter. Soluble in 3 pts. of 
 
 hot spirit. 
 
 100 pts. of alcohol, of 0.834 sp.gr. dissolve 0.31 
 pt. of it at 20, and 31.37 pts. at 67. (Gerhardt's 
 7V.) Almost insoluble in water. Soluble, to 
 almost any extent in boiling alcohol of 0.832 sp. 
 gr. ; 20 grs. of this alcohol dissolved 50 grs. of the 
 salt at 60 (== 100 : 250), and the liquid was con- 
 centrated to the extent that the relation of alcohol 
 to salt was, as 1:6, without any precipitation. 
 (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1816, (2.) 2. pp. 
 355, 356.) 
 
 MARGARATE OF SILVER. 
 C M HS,, Ag 4 
 
 MARGARATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 10 pts. of water at 80; 
 c s* HSS Na 4 on cooling this solution to 54 it be- 
 comes a jelly. If the boiling aque- 
 ous solution be mixed with cold water, the salt is 
 decomposed. Soluble in 20 pts. of boiling alco- 
 hol. At 10, 100 pts. of alcohol retain in solution 
 only 0.38 pt. of it. Ether partially decomposes 
 it; 100 pts. of ether extracting 0.17 pt. of mar- 
 garic acid. 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 Cs.HgaNaO,, C^H^O, cohol. 
 
 MARGARATE OF STRONTIA. 
 C^HgjSrO, 
 
 MonoMARGARiN. Soluble in alcohol. Solu- 
 (Margarate ofGlyceryl.) ble in hot, sparingly soluble 
 CM H 40 O g in cold ether. 
 
 Tri'MARGARiN. Soluble in hot ether. (Ber- 
 tTetraMargarin.) thelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 C 10 8H 104 12 41.236.) Of natural margann 
 
 100 pts. of boiling absolute al- 
 cohol dissolve 21.5 pts.; it is much less soluble 
 in cold alcohol. It is readily soluble in ether, 
 being more soluble therein than stearin ; it sepa- 
 rates from the hot ethereal solution when this is 
 cooled. 
 
 MARGARITINIC ACID. Easily soluble in al- 
 r H o m cohol, and ether. (Saalmueller, 
 CH 69 oa.J Am. J. Set., (2.) 8- 263.) 
 
 MARGARITINATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 MARGARITINATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 MARGARITINATE OF POTASH. Sparingly sol- 
 n TT K o uble in cold water. Easily soluble 
 1 in hot, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 MARGARITINATE OF SILVER. Partially solu- 
 C H Ag B ble in water, and alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 MARGARONE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 C H O(?) 50 pts. of spirit of 80% ; and in 6.5 
 pts. of absolute alcohol. Easily solu- 
 ble in ether, concentrated acetic acid, oil of tur- 
 pentine, and the fatty oils. 
 
354 
 
 MECONATES. 
 
 MARSH GAS. Vid. Hydride of Methyl. 
 MASTIC. See under Resins. 
 MATiciN(from Arthante longata). 
 
 MECHLOIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 14 H, 10 more freely soluble in boiling water. 
 Soluble in boiling alcohol, and ether. 
 ( Courbe. ) 
 
 MECHLOATE OF COPPER. 
 
 MECHLOATE OF IRON. 
 
 MECHLOATE OF LEAD. ^ Ppts. 
 
 MECHLOATE OF LIME. 
 
 MECHLOATE OF MERCURY. 
 
 MECHLOATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 MECHLOATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 MECONAMIC ACID. Soluble in hot, less solu- 
 (Meconamidic Jldd.) ble in cold water. (How.) 
 CM H 8 N 10 
 
 MECONAMATE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble 
 C 14 iLj (N H 4 ) N O', in boiling water. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling alco- 
 hol. (How.) 
 
 MECONAMATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in boil- 
 ing water. (How.) 
 
 MECONAMATE OF SILVER. 
 
 MECONAMIDIC ACID. Vid. Meconamic Acid. 
 
 " MECONIC ACID( Anhydrous)." Vid. Comenic 
 Acid. 
 
 MECONIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold 
 
 C u H O tl , 3 H + 6 Aq water. Soluble in 4 pts. 
 
 of boiling water. (Robi- 
 
 quet.) The aqueous solution is slowly decom- 
 posed by boiling, especially if chlorhydric or sul- 
 phuric acid be present. Less soluble in water 
 acidulated with chlorhydric acid than in pure 
 water. (Robiquet.) Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Sertuerner) ; less readily soluble in ether, espe- 
 cially if it be absolute. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 The metallic meconates are, as a rule, less 
 soluble than the pyromeconates ; many which are 
 insoluble in water are soluble in acetic acid. 
 (Robiquet.) They are insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Sertuerner.) 
 
 MECONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal, or tri. Permanent. Soluble in 1.5 
 C U H(NH 4 ) S U pts. of water. 100 pts. of cold 
 water dissolve 66 pts. of it. (Ro- 
 biquet.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. 
 
 C 14 H 3 (NH 4 ) 2 14 
 
 III.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 C 14 H a (N H 4 ) 14 + 2 Aq soluble in boiling water. 
 (Robiquet.) 
 
 MECONATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 IRON. Sparingly soluble in cold, very readily solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 Very readily soluble in dilute acids. ( Stenhouse.) 
 
 MECONATE OF AMMONIA & OF LIME. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. Somewhat soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. (Robiquet.) 
 
 MECONATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I. ) tri ? Insoluble in water. Soluble in acetic 
 acid. (Wackenroder.) 
 
 II.) di. Sparingly soluble in water. Readily 
 C 14 H, Boj O 14 + 2 Aq soluble in baryta-water. 
 (Liebig.) Readily soluble 
 in acetic acid. (Wackenroder.) 
 
 MECONATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) di. ) Insoluble in water; slowly soluble 
 
 II.) mono. ) in acetic and quickly in nitric acid. 
 (Wackenroder.) 
 
 MECONATE OF ETHYL. Vid. EthylMeconic 
 Acid. 
 
 .BJ'MECONATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in 2 @ 3 
 (Meconate of Ethyl Meconic Acid.) pts. ofboil- 
 
 C 32 H 12 28 = C 14 H 3 (C 4 H,) 14 , C 14 H 4 14 ing water ; 
 
 much less 
 soluble in cold water. (How.) 
 
 MECONATE of protoxide OF IRON. Very soluble 
 C 14 H 2 Fe 2 J4 in water. 
 
 MECONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Tolerably 
 C 14 H Fe 2 "' O 14 soluble in cold, more quickly solu- 
 ble in hot water ; or in water con- 
 taining acid. It is more soluble before than after 
 having been dried. Tolerably soluble in cold al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 MECONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) tri. Insoluble either in cold or in warm 
 C M H Pb 3 0, 4 + 2 Aq water. (Stenhouse.) In- 
 soluble in acetic acid, or in 
 acetate of lead. (Wackenroder.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water or acetic acid. 
 Sparingly soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 MECONATE OF LIME. Soluble in acetic acid. 
 
 I.) tri* 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in 20 pts. of water acidulated 
 C 14 H 2 Ua 2 0, 4 + 2 Aq with chlorhydric acid. 
 
 III.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 C 14 H s Ca 0, 4 + 2 Aq Quickly soluble in acetic 
 acid. (Wackenroder.) Sol- 
 uble in warm water acidulated with chlorhydric 
 acid. (Liebig.) 
 
 MECONATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) di. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) mono. Easily soluble in water. (Ure.) 
 
 MECONATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insolu- 
 ble in water. Sparingly soluble in nitric acid. 
 (Wackenroder.) 
 
 MECONATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insolu- 
 ble in water, or in an aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of protoxide of mercury. Tolerably readily solu- 
 ble in acetic, and nitric acids, as well as in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of sodium. (Wack- 
 enroder.) 
 
 MECONATE OF MORPHINE. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 MECONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) tri. Readily soluble in water. More sol- 
 uble than the di-salt. (Robiquet.) 
 
 II.) di. Sparingly soluble in cold, tolerably 
 C 14 H 2 K 2 0, 4 soluble in warm water. (Liebig.) 
 
 III.) mono. Less soluble than No. II. 
 C 14 H 3 K0 14 
 
 MECONATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) tri. Insoluble in water, or acetic acid. 
 C M H Ag 3 O u ( Wackenroder. ) 
 
 II ) di. Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids. 
 C . H, Ac, On Soluble in cold concentrated nitric 
 ' acid. When boiled with water it 
 is converted into No. I. (the normal salt). (Lie- 
 big.) 
 
 MECONATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) tri. Efflorescent. Readily soluble m 
 water. 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in 5 pts. of water. (Sten- 
 house.) Very sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 III.) mono. Tolerably soluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in absolute alcohol, and in an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. (Robiquet.) 
 
MELLITATES. 
 
 355 
 
 MECONATE of protoxide OF TIN. Readily solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of protochloride of tin. 
 (Wackenroder.) 
 
 MECONATE of binoxide OF TIN. Sparingly sol- 
 ble in acetic, readily soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 MECONATE OF UREA. 
 
 MECONATE OF YTTRIA. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 MECONATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water, or an aqueous solu- 
 tion of sulphate of zinc. Very sparingly soluble 
 in acetic, readily soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 MECONIN. Soluble in 700 pts. of water a 
 
 (Opianyl. Hydride 15.5, and in 22 pts. of boiling 
 o/Opianyl.) water NQ mQn ^^ 
 
 alkaline liquids than in water 
 (Anderson, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 274.) Soluble in 265.7 
 pts. of cold, and in 18.56 pts. of boiling water 
 (Courbe.) Still more soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, especially if these are warm. Soluble in 
 the volatile oils. Soluble in cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, the solution undergoing decom- 
 position when heated. Soluble in dilute sul- 
 phuric, or chlorhydric acid, without alteration 
 Soluble in acetic acid. Soluble in concentrated 
 nitric acid, with decomposition. Scarcely at al 
 soluble in ammonia-water, but soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash and soda. (Courbe.] 
 MECONINHYPONITRIC ACID (of Courbe). Sol- 
 C,,, H 9 N O tJ uble in water, alcohol, and ether 
 Soluble in warm concentrated acids, 
 crystallizing out again unchanged on cooling, or 
 when the solution is diluted with water. Readily 
 soluble in alkaline solutions, with combination. 
 (Courbe.) 
 
 MECONINRESIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 CioHfiOg in ether. (Conrbe.) 
 
 MELAiNfcoloring matter of Sepia qfficinalis). 
 Insoluble in cold, soluble in boiling water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol, ether, or acids. Soluble in warm 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Bizio.) 
 
 MELAM. Insoluble in cold, very sparingly sol- 
 (Polein.) uble in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol 
 C 6 H e N o or ether. Soluble in a hot aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, with partial de- 
 composition. Soluble in hot concentrated acids, 
 the solutions being decomposed on the addition of 
 water. 
 
 MELAMIN. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 _ _ ( Cy s cold, but tolerably easily solu- 
 
 e e 8 ~~ i8 Jj[ 3 ble in boiling water. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol, or ether. More 
 soluble in potash-lye than in water. 
 
 MELAMPYRiN(from Melampyrum nemorosum). 
 {Probably identical with Permanent. Soluble in 25.5 
 Mannite. (Weltzien.).) t f j. * ' l V Vi 
 
 more soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. Soluble in 1362 pts. of alcohol of 0.835 sp. 
 gr. (Eichler.) Insoluble in ether. (Huenefeld.) 
 
 MELANIC Acio(of Prout). Insoluble in water, 
 or alcohol. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. (Prout.) 
 
 MELANIC Acio(of Piria). Insoluble in water. 
 (Kinonic Acid.) Readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 c ao H 8 O 10 ether. Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 
 tions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Piria.) 
 
 MELANATE OF AMMONIA. 
 MELANATE OF SILVER. 
 I.) normal. Ppt. 
 
 MELANILIN. Only slightly soluble in cold, 
 
 (CyanPhenyl-Phenylbiamin.) somewhat more 
 
 C 16 H 13 N 3 = N 2 5 o" SJ ( ' J ' H ^ble in boiling 
 ( H 3 water. Easily 
 
 soluble in alco- 
 hol, ether, wood-spirit, acetone, bisulphide of car- 
 bon, and the fatty and essential oils. Easily solu- 
 ble in acids, with combination. (Hofmann, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 290.) 
 
 MELANILIN with NITRATE OF SILVER. In- 
 2 c t H is N s ; Ag 0, N 5 soluble, or nearly insoluble 
 in cold, decomposed by hot 
 alcohol. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 297.) 
 
 MELANIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 
 (Black pigment of the Eye.) dilute mineral acids, or 
 
 concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 Decomposed by hot nitric acid. Slowly soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 MELANOCHIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 Cjg H 18 N t j IS ether. Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic potash and am- 
 monia. (Brandes & Leber.) 
 
 MELANOXIMID. Vid. Oxamelanil. 
 
 MELANTANNIC ACID. Insoluble in cold wa- 
 ter. Easily soluble in alcohol, and in aqueous 
 alkaline solutions. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 MELANURIN. Easily soluble in weak acids. 
 (Braconnot.) 
 
 MELASSIC AciD(from the action of caustic 
 alkalies upon sugar, gum, starch, &c.). Insoluble 
 in water. Soluble in alcohol. (Peligot.) 
 
 MELENE. Insoluble in water, or cold absolute 
 (Paraffin of Wax.) alcohol. Soluble in boiling ab- 
 c ao H eo solute alcohol. Easily soluble 
 
 in ether, and the fatty and vola- 
 tile oils. Unacted upon by boiling alkaline solu- 
 tions, or by cold concentrated sulphuric acid, and 
 but slightly attacked by boiling concentrated 
 nitric acid. 
 
 MELEziTO8E(from Larix Europcea). Easily 
 C,, H u o u soluble in water. Almost insoluble 
 in cold, and but difficultly soluble in 
 boiling or ordinary spirit. 
 
 MELISSIC ACID. 
 
 MELISSATE OF SILVER. 
 
 a H B9 Ag 4 
 
 MELiTO8E(in Australian manna, from various 
 C 12 H 12 12 + 2 Aq species of Eucalyptus). About 
 as soluble as mannite in water. 
 (Bert-helot) Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Johnson.) 
 
 MELLAMIC ACID. Vid. Euchroic Acid. 
 
 MELLAMID. Vid. Mellithamid. 
 
 MELLIC ACID. Vid. Mellitic Acid. 
 
 MELLIMID. Vid. Mellithamid. 
 
 MELLITIC ACID. Permanent. Readily solu- 
 
 Tellic Add. Meliithsaure. ble in water, and alco- 
 
 tntgsteinsOHire.) ^ ^ jj Q j Soluble, without 
 
 decomposition, in boil- 
 
 ng concentrated sulphuric acid. Unacted upon 
 >y boiling concentrated nitric acid. (Woehler.) 
 
 The alkaline mellitates are soluble in water, but 
 ,he other salts are insoluble, or difficultly soluble. 
 
 MELLITATE OF ALUMINA. Insoluble in cold 
 Honeijstone. Mnilitt.) water. Decomposed " 
 ! A1 2 3 , 3 C 8 O e + 36 Aq bo ;i: np . wflfftr u ' _ BI 
 
 ous solution of carbonate 
 
 of soda, and by ammonia- water. Insoluble in 
 .cetic acid. Soluble, with decomposition, in di- 
 
356 
 
 MELLITATES. 
 
 lute nitric, sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids. 
 (Klaproth.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal, or di. Occurs in two varieties of 
 Cg (N H 4 ) 2 O 8 + 6 Aq crystals. One variety (a) is 
 slightly efflorescent, the other 
 (p) is very efflorescent. Both forms are easily 
 soluble in water. On boiling the aqueous solution 
 the acid salt is formed. 
 
 II. ) peracid. Much more soluble in water than 
 C g H (N H 4 )O fl , 2 C 8 H 2 O 8 -f 8 Aq No. I. (Erdmann 
 
 & Marchand) 
 
 MELLITATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 I.) C 8 (N H 4 ) Cu 8 + x Aq(?) Permanent. 
 II.) C 8 (N H 4 ) Cu 8 ; C 8 Cu 2 8 + 16 Aq . 
 
 MELLITATE OF AMMONIA & OF PALLADIUM. 
 I.) basic. 
 C s Pd 2 8 ; 4 N H 4 0(?) 
 
 MELLITATE OF ANILIN. Easily soluble in 
 C a2 H r N, C 8 H 2 8 (?) water. Also soluble in warm 
 alcohol. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 C 8 Bajj0 8 + 2Aq [Y.] Soluble in nitric, and 
 chlorhydric acids. (Klaproth.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF CINCHONIN. 
 
 MELLITATE OF COBALT. Soluble in 37300 
 C 8 Co 2 8 + 12 Aq pts. of cold water ; much more 
 soluble in hot water. (Karm- 
 rodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Ppt., partially decomposed by wa- 
 C g Cu 2 8 -f 8 Aq ter. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 II.) sesqui. 
 C 8 Cu 2 Og ; C 8 H Cu 8 4 IB Aq 
 
 MELLITATE OF ETHTL. Vid. EthylMcllitic 
 Acid. 
 
 MELLITATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. Readily 
 C 8 Fe 3 8 , 2 Fe + 6 Aq soluble in dilute chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 in water. [Y.] Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF FURFURIN. Soluble in water. 
 (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 C 8 Pb 2 8 4- 2 Aq Soluble in nitric acid. (Klap- 
 roth ; Vauquelin ; Wcehler.) 
 Decomposed by water, with formation of a basic 
 salt. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 [Y.] Soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Klaproth.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF MAGNESIA. Sparingly soluble 
 C 8 Mg 2 8 + 12 Aq in water. Alcohol precipitates 
 it, as a salt containing 14 equiv- 
 alents of water, from the aqueous solution. (Karm- 
 rodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF MANGANESE. More soluble in 
 C 8 Mn 2 8 + 12 Aq cold than in hot water. Solu- 
 ble in 800 pts. of water. 
 (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Almost 
 C 8 Hg 4 8 + 4 Aq insoluble in water. Readily sol- 
 uble in nitric acid. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Solu- 
 C 8 Hg 2 8 + 4 Aq ble in hot concentrated nitric 
 acid. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 I.) acid. More soluble in cold than in boiling 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. Easily sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, and 
 ammonia. 
 
 MELLITATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 a = c g Ni 2 O e -f 16 Aq Slowly soluble in water. 
 Readily soluble in chlor- 
 hydric, and nitric acids. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 b = c 8 Ni 2 8 + 6 Aq Much more readily solu- 
 ble in water than the 
 16 Aq salt. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF PALLADIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter ; also, with combination, in ammonia-water. 
 (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF PALLADIUM & OF POTASH. 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in water. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF PALLADIUM & OF SODA. 
 
 MELLITATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very efflorescent. Soluble in wa- 
 C 8 K 2 8 + 6 Aq ter, though less so than the acid 
 
 salt. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 C g II K 8 -f- 4 Aq water. More soluble in water 
 than the normal salt. 
 
 III. ) sesqui. Soluble in hot water. 
 CgK 2 8 , C 8 HKOg+12Aq 
 
 MELLITATE OF POTASH & OF SILVER. 
 
 MwoMELLITATE OF POTASH With NlTRATE OF 
 
 4 C 8 H K 8 ; K 0, N 6 + 6 Aq POTASH. Very 
 sparingly soluble 
 
 in water. (Wcehler.) About as difficultly soluble 
 in water as bitartrate of potash. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF QUININE. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold, more soluble in boiling water. (Karm- 
 rodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF SILVER. Ppt., somewhat solu- 
 C 8 Ag 2 8 ble in cold water. [Y.] 
 
 MELLITATE OF SODA. Separates, with 8 equi- 
 valents of Aq, from the warm concentrated aque- 
 ous solution ; while a salt containing 12 Aq crys- 
 tallizes out from the cold solution as it evaporates. 
 (Erdmann & Marchand.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in water, 
 the solution undergoing decomposition when evap- 
 orated. (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Klaproth.) 
 
 MELLITATE OF STRYCHNINE. Soluble in 
 about 1500 pts. of cold water and in about 650 
 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 MELLITATE OF ZINC. 
 
 a = C 8 Zn 2 8 + 10 Aq Tolerably readily soluble 
 in cold water. Easily sol- 
 uble in weak acids, even in mellitic acid. (Karm- 
 rodt.) x 
 
 b = C 8 Zn 2 8 + 6 Aq Is precipitated when al- 
 cohol is added to the 
 
 aqueous solution of the 10 Aq salt; but it is 
 much more soluble in water than the latter. 
 (Karmrodt.) 
 
 MELLITHAMID. Insoluble in water, but is de- 
 (Mellimi'l. Meliamid. composed by long boiling 
 
 Paramid. Mellithylamid.) therewith . Insoluble in 
 C 8 H N 4 = N ^ H 8 4 alcohol, nitric acid, or 
 aqua-regia. Soluble in 
 hot concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it is 
 
MERCAPTAN. 
 
 357 
 
 precipitated on the addition of water. Soluble, 
 with subsequent decomposition, in dilute aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash and ammonia. 
 
 MELLITHARGENTAMID. 
 N | ^8 4 
 * 1 Ag 
 
 MELLITHARGENT&IAMID. Ppt. 
 
 C 8 H 3 AgN 2 4 = N 2 JAg * 
 
 ' H 3 
 
 MELLiTHterAMic ACID. Somewhat soluble in 
 (Paramidic Acid.) ^ boiling water. 
 
 C u H s N 3 14 = N 3 1 ^ 8 *"'. HO,HO Soluble in 
 
 ammonia-w a- 
 ter, with subsequent decomposition. (H. Schwarz.) 
 
 " MELLONE "(of Gerhardt). Vid. efo'Cyanamid. 
 C 4 HN 3 
 
 " MELLONE "(of Liebig). Vid. fn'Cyanamid. 
 CUi 
 
 MELLONHYDRIC ACID. 
 
 (HydroMellone.') 
 
 N 
 
 or N. 
 
 Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold, 
 more read- 
 ily soluble 
 in boiling 
 water. 
 
 The 
 
 aqueous solution is miscible with alcohol without 
 being precipitated. It is partially decomposed 
 when evaporated to dry ness. (Liebig, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 95. 270.) Insoluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, and in oils whether fixed or volatile. (Lie- 
 big.) Quickly and abundantly soluble in strong 
 nitric acid. Somewhat more slowly, but in equal 
 quantity, in oil of vitriol. Both solutions become 
 milky on the addition of water. ( Gm.) 
 
 MELLONIDE or AMMONIUM. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 MELLONIDE OF BARIUM. Sparingly soluble 
 in boiling, less soluble in cold water. Much more 
 readily soluble in pure water than in water which 
 contains a baryta salt in solution. (Liebig.) 
 
 MELLONIDE OF CADMIUM. Sparingly soluble 
 in boiling water. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF CALCIUM. Easily soluble in 
 water. Somewhat more soluble than the stron- 
 tium salt in boiling water. (Liebig.) Much 
 more readily soluble in pure water than in water 
 containing a calcium salt in solution. (Liebig.) 
 
 MELLONIDE OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE ofdinoxide OF COPPER. Insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 MELLONIDE of protoxide OF COPPER. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF GOLD. Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Easily soluble in 
 water. Much more readily soluble in pure water 
 than in water containing magnesium salts in so- 
 lution. (Liebig.) 
 
 MELLONIDE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF MERCURY(Hg 2 ). Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF MERCURT(Hg). Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in cold dilute cyanhydric acid. 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 MELLONIDE OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 MBLLONIDE OF PLATINUM. Ppt. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 I.) tri. 
 
 C 18 N 1S K s + 10 Aq 
 
 (Cy 4 
 or, N 4 ] Uy 4 + 10 Aq 
 
 ( Cy K 8 
 
 N 
 
 j ( N 
 (V 
 
 + 10 Aq ; Efflo- 
 res- 
 cent. 
 Solu- 
 ble in 
 
 37.453 pts. of water at the ordinary temperature, 
 and in much less hot water. Its solubility in cold 
 water is greatly diminished by the presence of 
 other salts ; for example, sulphocyanide of potas- 
 sium. (Liebig, 1855.) Nearly insoluble in al- 
 cohol, even boiling. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 Nitric, sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids precipitate 
 it from the aqueous solution, but acetic acid does 
 not. 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in cold, decomposed by boil- 
 C 18 N 13 H K 2 + 6 Aq ing water. 
 
 Ill ) mono. Insoluble in cold, sparingly soluble 
 
 C 18 N 1S H 2 K in boiling water. Easily soluble in 
 
 an. aqueous solution of acetate of 
 
 potash. (Liebig, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1855, 95. 
 
 276.) 
 
 MELLONIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in boiling 
 C J8 NIS Ag 3 water. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF SODIUM. Tolerably easily 
 C 18 N 13 Na 8 soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Liebig.) 
 
 MELLONIDE OF STRONTIUM. Much more sol- 
 uble than the barium salt in water. Much more 
 readily soluble in pure water than in water con- 
 taining a strontium salt in solution. (Liebig.) 
 The boiling saturated aqueous solution solidifies 
 on cooling. 
 
 MELLONIDE OF ZINC. Ppt. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in boiling water. 
 
 MELTL. Vid. Myricyl. 
 
 MENAPHTHYLAMIN. Almost insoluble in cold, 
 
 CM H 17 N 3 very sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Somewhat soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Most of its salts are sparingly soluble in 
 
 water. (Perkin, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 10.) 
 
 MENAPHTOXIMID. Insoluble in water. Very 
 C 46 H i5 N s slightly soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Perkin, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 14.) 
 
 MENIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 MENATE OF SILVER. Soluble in ammoniu- 
 C 48 Hi 9 A s 5 (?) water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 MENISPERMIN. Insoluble in water. Easily sol- 
 C 18 H u N 2 uble in alcohol, and ether. Easily 
 soluble in dilute acids. 
 
 Sparingly soluble or insoluble in cold, some- 
 what soluble in hot water. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold alcohol. Easily soluble in ether, and, with 
 combination, in acids. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 394.) 
 
 MENTHENE. Insoluble in water. Forms a 
 (Isomeric with Sebacin turbid mixture, with small 
 andCamphin.) quantities of alcohol or ether, 
 
 20 18 but a clear mixture with 
 
 large quantities. Tolerably readHy soluble in 
 wood-spirit, and very easily in oil of turpentine. 
 (Walter.) 
 
 MENTHENEcA/orer. Vid. ChloroMenthene. 
 
 " MENYANTHIN "(of Trommsdorff). Vid. Inu- 
 lin. 
 
 MENYANTHiN(from Meni/cmthe.s trlfoliata). Sol- 
 uble in water, alcohol, and ordinary ether. In- 
 soluble in absolute ether. (R, Brandes.) 
 
 MERCAPTAN. Vid. Sulphydrate of Ethyl. 
 
358 
 
 MESITIC ALDEHYDE. 
 
 MERCAPTIDE OF X. Vid. Sulphide of Ethyl 
 ofX. 
 
 MERCUR(ZC)ACETAMID. Easily soluble in wa 
 
 (Strecker, Ann. Ch 
 u. Pharm., 103. 324.) 
 
 MERCURALLYL. 
 (HydrargAllyl. HydrargJlcryl,') 
 C 6 H B Hg 2 
 
 7>tMERCUR(zc)AMiN. Soluble in chlorhydri 
 (Nitride of Mercury.) and in concentrated nitri 
 N \ Hg 3 acids. Partially soluble in 
 
 boiling dilute sulphuric acid 
 Decomposed, with explosion, by concentrated sul 
 phuric acid. (Plantamour.) 
 
 MERCURAMYL. 
 
 MERCUR(!C)BUTYRAMID. Soluble in cold wa 
 
 ( s H 7 ter. (Dessaignes 
 C 8 H 8 HgN0 2 = N g Ann , CL e{ p, 
 
 (3.) 34. 145.) 
 MERCUR(OMS)ETHYL. Not known in the free 
 
 (Hi/drarg Ethyl.) state. 
 C 4 H 5 Hg 2 
 
 MERCUR(IC)ETHYL. Insoluble in water. Spar 
 C 4 H fl Hg ingly soluble in alcohol. Readily solu 
 
 ble in ether. (Buckton.) 
 MERCUR(ZC)METHYL. Nearly insoluble in wa 
 C 2 H 3 Hg ter. Very soluble in alcohol, and ether, 
 Water precipitates it from the alcoholic 
 solution. (Buckton.) 
 
 7Vz'MERCUR(?c)PHOSPHiN with NITRATE of 
 dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 T?TMERCUR(ZC)PHOSPHIN with NITRATE of 
 
 P 5 wo. -q^wo-o wni protoxide OF MERCURY 
 P H g3) 3 (2 HgO, N 5 ) ' chlorine . water> 
 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 MERCURY. Permanent. Unacted upon hy 
 Hg water. Scarcely at all attacked by chlor 
 hydric acid, even when this is hot and con- 
 centrated. Unacted upon by concentrated iod- 
 hydric acid, even when this is hot. Very readily 
 attacked by oxidizing acids, especially when these 
 are hot. Unacted upon by dilute sulphuric acid; 
 but concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves it. 
 
 Mercury is not attacked by pure dilute nitric 
 acid, unless this is heated, but it is readily at- 
 tacked by the cold dilute acid, when this contains 
 nitrous acid. When mercury is treated with pure 
 concentrated nitric acid at the temperature of a 
 freezing mixture, it becomes covered with an in- 
 soluble coating, but owing to the fluidity of the 
 mercury this coating does not put a stop to the 
 action of the acid. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 6. 99.) In contact with aqueous solutions of the 
 alkaline chlorides, and exposed to the air, mercury 
 is attacked to a certain extent, with formation of 
 protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl) ; the action 
 being so much the more rapid in proportion as 
 the saline solution is more concentrated, and as 
 the metal is more finely divided. The formation 
 of the protochloride occurs about as readily in 
 the cold as when the solution is heated, but the 
 presence of air is essential, no action occurring 
 out of contact with the atmosphere. (Mialhe, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 183.) 
 
 MERCURY & PLATiNUM(amalgam of). Hardly 
 acted upon by boiling nitric acid. Insoluble in 
 cold, soluble in warm aqua-regia. 
 
 MESACONIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (Citracartic Acid.) abundantly soluble in 
 
 c w H 6 = C 10 H 4 8 , 2 H hot water. ( Gottl ieb. ) 
 Soluble in 38 pts. of; 
 
 water at 14, and in 29 pts. at 22; (Baup, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 193); in 14.29 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 18.2, and in 0.85 pt. at 100. (Pebal.) 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether (Pebal) ; in 2.6 pts. 
 of alcohol' of 83%, at 22. (Baup, loc. cit.) Also 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 MESACONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water ; the solution 
 c io H 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 gives off ammonia when it is 
 evaporated. 
 
 II.) acid. Very readily soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 6 (NH 4 )0 8 (Pebal.) Soluble in 8 pts. of 
 water at 15. (Baup, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 33. 194.) 
 
 MESACONATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Tolerably readily 
 C 10 H 4 Ba 2 8 + 8 Aq soluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Decomposed by alec- 
 Cm H B Ba 8 + 2 Aq hoi. 
 
 MESACONATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 C 10 H 4 Cu 2 8 + 4 Aq 
 
 II.) basic. Very efflorescent. 
 
 MESACONATE OF ETHYL. Sparingly soluble 
 C 10 H 4 (C 4 H 5 ) 2 8 in cold, more soluble in boiling 
 water. Miscible in all propor- 
 tions with alcohol, and ether. (Pebal.) 
 
 MESACONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. Very 
 C 10 H 4 Pb 2 8 + 3 Aq soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of nitrate of lead. 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 10 H Pb0 8 
 
 MESACONATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 16.5 pts. of water at 20. 
 C ]0 FL Ca, 8 + 3 Aq Insoluble in alcohol. (Baup, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 
 195.) 
 
 MESACONATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Very soluble 
 n water ; somewhat less soluble in alcohol. 
 (Pebal.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very readily soluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 33. 194.) 
 
 MESACONATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water; more 
 ' 10 H 4 Ag 2 O g + 2 Aq soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of ammonia. Alcohol precip- 
 tatcs it from the aqueous solution. 
 
 II.) acid. Tolerably easily soluble in warm 
 ! 10 H 5 AgO B water. (Pebal.) 
 
 MESACONATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. (Pebalr) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. (Baup.) 
 
 MESiT(of Reichenbach). Sometimes soluble 
 Acetate of Methyl, according to Berzelius.) in 2 pts. 
 
 of water. 
 Soluble in all proportions in bisulphide of carbon. 
 
 MESiTE(of Weidemann & Schweizer). Soluble 
 12 H 12 4 in 3 pts. of water. ( W. & S.) 
 MESITENE. Soluble in 3 pts. of water. (Wei- 
 C 12 H 12 O demann & Schweizer.) 
 MESITIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Acetone. 
 MESITIC ALDEHYDE. Very sparingly soluble 
 iomeric with Acrolein.) in water. Readily soluble 
 H *2 in alkaline liquors. (Kane.) 
 
METASTYROL. 
 
 359 
 
 MESITIC CHLORAL. 
 C 6 H 4 C1 2 0, 
 MESITIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Mesityl. 
 
 MESITYLENE. Insoluble in water. Unacted 
 
 (Mesitylol. Hydride of Mesityl. upon by alkaline 
 Isomeric with Cumene.) solutions 
 
 C, 8 HJJ 
 
 MESITYLOL. Vid. Mesitylene. 
 MESITYLHYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID. Readily 
 soluble in baryta-water. 
 
 MESITYLHYPOPHOSPHITE OF BARYTA. Very 
 Ba 0, C 6 H a 2 , P slowly soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Kane.) 
 
 .M.ESIT YLrlYPOoULPHURIC A.CID. rid. jVleSl- 
 
 tylSulphuric Acid. 
 
 MESITYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. Its salts are sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 MESITYLPHOSPHATE OF SODA. Efflorescent. 
 C 8 H 5 Na 2 P 6 + 6 A<j Solubjg in water. ( Kane. ) 
 
 "MESITYLSULPHURIC ACID "(of Kane). Vid. 
 SulphoMesitylic Acid. 
 
 MESITYLSULPHURIC ACID. 
 (SulphoMesitylic Acid.) 
 
 C 18 H,j S 2 6 
 
 MESITYLSULPHATE OF LEAD. Extremely sol- 
 C 18 H U Pb S 2 6 uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 MESITYLSULPHATE OF SILVER. Extremely 
 soluble in water. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 113.) 
 
 MESOXALIC ACID. Readily soluble in water. 
 C 6 H 2 10 = C 6 O g , 2 H Soluble in all propor- 
 tions in water. (Red- 
 tenbacher.) 
 
 MESOXALATE OF BARYTA. Difficultly soluble 
 C 6 Ha,, 10 + 2 Aq in cold, but easily soluble in 
 boiling water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. Soluble in acids. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 MESOXALATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Ppt. 
 C 6 Pb 2 10 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 C 6 Pb 2 10 , 2 (Pb 0, H 0) 
 
 MESOXALATE OF LIME. Much more soluble 
 C 6 Ca 2 10 + 4 Aq in water than the baryta-salt. 
 (Svanberg & Kolmodin.) 
 
 MESOXALATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Appears to be soluble in water. 
 C 6 Ag 2 10 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 C 6 Ag 2 10 ;2AgO 
 
 METACAPROL. Soluble, without coloration, in 
 
 (Isomeric with Hydride of Rutyl.) cold concentrated 
 
 CM Hj,, 2 sulphuric acid, 
 
 on heating the 
 
 mixture a conjugate acid is formed, the baryta- 
 salt of which is soluble in water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 METACAPRYLENE. Insoluble in water. Scarce- 
 
 (MetaOctylene.) ly soluble in cold alcohol. Un- 
 
 CM H w acted upon by a boiling aqueous 
 
 solution of caustic potash. 
 
 (Bouis.) 
 
 METACECHLORPLATIN. Difficultly soluble in 
 Pt Cl ; Cg H s water, even when this is hot. Very 
 difficultly soluble in alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. Soluble in acetone. Easily sol- 
 able in an aqueous solution of potash. (Zeise.) 
 
 METACETAMID. Vid. Propionamid. 
 
 METACETAMIN. Vid. Propylamin. 
 
 METACETENE. Vid. Propylene. 
 
 METACETIC ACID. Vid. Propionic Acid. 
 
 METACETIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of 
 Propyl. 
 
 METACETONE. Insoluble in water. Very eas- 
 (Perhaps isomeric Hy soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 witfi Propion.) 
 CH B 
 
 METACETONIC ACID. Vid. Propionic Acid. 
 
 METACETONIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of 
 Propyl. 
 
 METAcEToNiTRic ACID. Vid. NitroPropionic 
 Acid. 
 
 METACETONITRIL. Identical with Cyanide of 
 Ethyl, q. v. 
 
 METACHLORAL. Insoluble in cold, and only 
 (Insoluble Chloral.) slightly soluble in hot water. 
 C 4 H C1 3 2 Insoluble in boiling alcohol or 
 
 ether. 
 
 METACiNNAMEiN(of Scharling). Vid. Cinna- 
 mate of Toluenyl(Cinnamein). 
 
 METACiNNAMEiN(of Fremy). Vid. Cinna- 
 mate of Styracyl(Styracin). 
 
 METACROLEIN. Insoluble in cold, and only 
 very sparingly soluble in warm water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, and in acetic acid. ( Geuther 
 & Cartmell.) 
 
 METAGALLIC ACID. Vid. GallUllmic Acid. 
 
 MET ALDEHYDE. Vid. under Hydride of 
 Acetyl. 
 
 METAMARGARIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in spirit of 36. Soluble in ether. 
 (Fremy.) 
 
 METANAPHTHALIN. Entirely insoluble in 
 CjoIIg water. Sparingly soluble in cold spirit; 
 very soluble in warm absolute alcohol ; 
 still more soluble in ether, naphtha, oil of turpen- 
 tine, and other liquid hydrocarbons. (Pelletier & 
 Walter.) 
 
 METARSENMETHYLIC ACID. Vid. Arsen- 
 Ethylic Acid. 
 
 METAOCTYLENE. Vid. MetaCaprylene. 
 
 METAOLEIC ACID. Vid. MetOleic Acid. 
 
 METAPECTIC ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 
 C g H 5 0, water, and alcohol. All of its salts are 
 
 soluble, excepting a precipitate which 
 
 forms when it is treated with subacetate of lead. 
 
 (Fremy, Ann.Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 37.) 
 
 METAPECTIN. Soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 C M HM O M alcohol. Decomposed by alkaline so- 
 lutions. It combines with acids, for 
 example, sulphuric, chlorhydric, and oxalic acids, 
 forming compounds soluble in water, but insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 24. 18.) 
 
 METAPECTIN with BARYTA. 
 
 METAPECTIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 METASTANNATE OF X. Vid. under Stannate 
 of X. 
 
 METASTYROL. Insoluble in water, or alcohol, 
 (Draconyl. Oxide of Styrol.) even when these are 
 C 18 H 8 hot. Sparingly solu- 
 
 ble in boiling ether. 
 
 Easily soluble in bisulphide of carbon. Soluble 
 in hot volatile and fatty oils, but separates out 
 again from these solutions as they cool. Oil of 
 turpentine dissolves traces of it. Insoluble in 
 potash-lye, or in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 When heated with the latter it is decomposed. 
 (Blyth & Hofmann.) 
 
360 
 
 METHYL. 
 
 METATARTARIC ACID. Very deliquescent. 
 (Mrta Tartric Acid. Amor- Readily soluble in wa- 
 photts Tartaric Acid.) t ,_ / Rraconnot Erd- 
 
 C 8 H 8 . 0ll = C 8 H 4 10 , 2 H " 
 
 Gerhardt.) Its salts, of the metallic oxides, are 
 more soluble in water than those of ordinary tar- 
 taric acid. 
 
 METATARTRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. The aqueous solution is changed by 
 
 Cg H 6 (N H 4 ) O u boiling. Much more soluble 
 
 than the acid tartrate of ammo- 
 
 nia in water. Less soluble in alcohol than in 
 
 water. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 METATARTRATE OF BARTTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Much more readily soluble in wa- 
 C g H 4 Ba, O u + 2 Aq ter than tartrate of baryta. 
 (Laurent & Gerhardt.) Easily 
 soluble in an excess of acid. (Erdmann.) 
 
 METATARTRATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in cold, 
 very sparingly soluble in boiling water. Easily 
 soluble in metatartaric acid, and in other acids ; 
 also in ammonia-water. (Erdmann.) 
 
 METATARTRATE OF LIME. More soluble in 
 C 8 H 4 Ca, O u + 8 Aq water than the corresponding 
 tartrate. When once de- 
 posited in crystals, it dissolves in a large quantity 
 of cold water, and is very difficultly soluble in 
 boiling water, being transformed into tartrate of 
 lime; but it dissolves easily in the cold, if the 
 water is acidulated with a little nitric or chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 METATARTRATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 METATARTRATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) acid. As sparingly soluble as cream of 
 C g H 5 K O,j tartar. (Braconnot.) 
 
 METATARTRATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. 
 
 METATARTRATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. (Braconnot) 
 
 METATEREBENTHENE. 
 CH, g 
 
 METATOLUIDIN. Vid. MeToluidin. 
 
 METETHAMAMYLAMIN. lid. MethylEthyl- 
 Amylamin. 
 
 METETHANILIN. Vid. MethylEthylAnilin. 
 
 METHAMANILIN. l~id. MethylAmylAnilin. 
 
 METHAMIN. Vid. Methylamin. 
 
 METHAMYLIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Amyl 
 & of Methyl. 
 
 METHETHAMANILIN. T7rf. Hydrate of Methyl- 
 Ethyl AmylPhenyl Ammonium. 
 
 METHANILIN. Vid. MethylAnilin. 
 
 METHIONIC ACID. Very deliquescent. Ex- 
 
 (DiSulpkoMetkalic &U.) ceedingly soluble 
 
 0, H 4 S 4 O u = Cj H, S 4 10 , 2 H in water ; less sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 Its salts are soluble in water, but insoluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. (Buckton & Hofmann.) 
 
 METHIONATE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble in 
 C, H, (N Hjjj 8 4 O u hot, tolerably soluble in cold 
 water. (Buckton & Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 METHIONATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 
 C, H, Ba, S 4 0,, -4- 4 Aq water. Insoluble in alco- 
 
 hol. (Buckton & Hof- 
 
 mann.) The salt obtained by Liebig, 1835, Ann. 
 Pharm., 13. 35. to which he attributes the formula 
 C H, Ba 0, 2 S O, and which contains no water 
 of crystallization, is soluble in 40 pts. of cold 
 
 water, and in a smaller quantity of hot water. It 
 is insoluble in alcohol. (Liebig, loc. cii.) 
 
 METHIONATE OF COPPER. Efflorescent. Sol- 
 C, H, Cuj S 4 O u 4- 10 Aq uble in water. Easily sol- 
 uble in spirit : but insolu- 
 ble in absolute alcohol. (Strecker). Insoluble in 
 absolute, but soluble in dilute alcohol. (Buckton 
 & Hofmann.) 
 
 METHIONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very easily soluble in water. Al- 
 C, H, Pb, S 4 O u + 4 Aq cohol precipitates it from 
 the aqueous solution. 
 (Buckton & Hofmann ; Strecker.) 
 
 II.) basic. Much less soluble than the normal 
 C, H, Pb, S 4 O u , Pb salt in cold water, though 
 somewhat soluble in hot 
 water. (Strecker.) 
 
 METHIOXATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in 
 water. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm.,lOO. 199.) 
 
 METHIONATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in 
 water. Soluble in 14 pts. of water at 22. (Buck- 
 ton & Hofraann.) 
 
 METHIONATE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 C, H, Ag, S 4 O u Alcohol precipitates it from the 
 concentrated aqueous solution. 
 (Strecker.) Insoluble in absolute alcohol ; some- 
 what soluble in dilute alcohol. (Buckton & Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 METHIOXATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Buckton & Hofmann.) 
 
 METHOL. Insoluble in water. Readily solu- 
 C 18 H u (?) ble in alcohol, and ether. (Voelckel.) 
 
 METHYL. Insoluble in water. [Almost insol- 
 
 (Isomeric with Hydride of Ethyl.) able in water. 
 
 C,H s or'"? (Kolbe, Lehrb., 1. 
 
 234.).] 1 volume of 
 
 alcohol absorbs 1.13 vols. of methyl gas. Un- 
 acted upon by concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Kolbe & Frankland, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 65.) Nearly 
 insoluble in water. 1 vol. of alcohol at 8.8, and 
 665.5""" pressure, absorbs 1.22 vols. of it. (Frank- 
 land, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 290.) 
 
 Dissolves 
 
 1 Tol. of of methyl 
 
 water, under vols., re- 
 
 a pressure of duced to 0C. 
 
 Om.76ofmer- and Oni.76 
 
 cury, at C. pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 O.OS71 
 
 1 0.0838 
 
 2 O.OS07 
 
 3 0.0777 
 
 4" 0.0743 
 
 5 0.0720 
 
 6 0.0693 
 
 7 0.0668 
 
 8 0.0644 
 
 9 0.0621 
 
 10 0.0599 
 
 x 11 0.0578 
 
 12 0.0559 
 
 13 0.0541 
 
 14 0.0524 
 
 15 0.0508 
 
 16 0.0493 
 
 17 0.0480 
 
 18 0.0468 
 
 19 0.0457 
 
 20 0.0447 
 
 (Bnnsen's Gasometry, pp. 2SS. 12S. 150.) 
 
 Insoluble in sulphate of pentachloride of anti- 
 mony. (Kolbe.) 
 
METHYLS. 
 
 361 
 
 METHYLACETAL. Soluble in about 15 volumes 
 C 10 H 12 Oi of water ; less soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of calcium. Solu- 
 ble in all proportions in alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 375.) 
 
 METHYL ACETAMID. 
 ( Methyl Acetylamid. ) 
 
 C 8 H 
 
 , 4 H 3 2 
 N 2 = N 1 C 2 H 3 
 
 METHYLACETONE. Miscible in all proportions 
 C g n 8 0, with water, and alcohol. 
 
 METIIYLACETYL. Vid. Acetone. 
 
 METHYLAL. Soluble in 3 vols. of water. Sol- 
 (Formomethylal.) uble in alcohol. Miscible in all 
 C 6 H 8 2 proportions with ether. Insolu- 
 
 ble in a saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. (Malaguti.) 
 
 METHYL(I'C)ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Me- 
 thyl. 
 
 (Amalic Jtdd.) cold, sparingly soluble in boiling 
 Co 4 H 14 N 4 16 water. Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 ing absolute alcohol. (Rochleder.) 
 
 METHYLAMID. Vid. Methylamin. 
 METHYLAMIN. Is the most soluble gas known. 
 
 (Methylammonia Methylamid. 1 volume of water 
 
 Methamin. Methyliaque.) dissolves 1 153.9 vols. 
 
 C Z H 6 N = N} ( I ,* s of it at 12.5; and 
 
 959 vols. at 25 ; it 
 
 is less soluble at higher temperatures. (A. Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 449.) 
 
 D/METHYLAMIN. 
 
 (Isomerie with. Ethylamin.) 
 
 L tC< TT \ . 
 
 CTT TW "W J I '2 "3/2 
 
 4 H, IN = JN ^ H ' 
 
 JH'METHYLAMIN. As soluble as ammonia gas 
 
 (Isomerie with Propylamin, j n water, and Spirit. 
 and with MelhylEthylamin.) (Winkles . J nn . C7,. . 
 
 Pharm., 93. 325.) 
 
 CHN 
 
 H 3 ) 3 
 
 METHYLAMiNzoJe, &c. Vid. Iod(&c.)EthyI- 
 amin. 
 METHYLAMMOSIA. Vid. Methylamin. 
 
 Not isolated. 
 
 METHYLAMYLANILIN. Almost insoluble in 
 
 (Methyl Amyl Phenylamin. Me- water. (Hofmann.) 
 thamanilin. Firrmemylanilin.) 
 
 H 19 N 
 
 Vid. Methyl- 
 
 Isomerie with To- 
 luidin and Lutidin.) 
 
 C 14 H 9 N = N \ C 2 2 H 3 
 I H 
 
 METHYLAMYLP.HENYLAMIN. 
 AmylAnilin. 
 METHYLANILIN. The salts of methylanilin are 
 
 (Methanilin. Methyl Phenylamin. Sparingly soluble in 
 water, and are still 
 j egs so l u ble in acids 
 
 than in P ure wat , en 
 They are less solu- 
 ble in water than 
 the salts of ethylanilin. 
 
 7WMETHYLARSAMIN. 
 C 6 H 9 As = As I (C 2 H 3 ) 3 
 
 METHYLARSENIC ACID. Vid. ArsenMethylic 
 Acid. 
 
 METIIYLATE OF AMYL(&C.). Vid. Oxide of 
 Amyl(&c.) & of Methyl. 
 
 METHYLATB OF ETHYLENE. Sparingly solu- 
 
 CH o C H *" In ble in water. (Wurtz.) 
 * "10 o 4 = (( 3 2 ^ j o 4 
 
 46 
 
 METHYLBROMOSALICYLIC ACID. Almost com- 
 
 (BromoSalicylate of Methyl. pletely insoluble in 
 
 Sal.cylateof Mtthylmonobrome.) water _ Ve rv Soluble 
 l6H7Br 6 in alcohol/ Easily 
 
 soluble in ether. More soluble than methylbi- 
 bromosalicylic acid in alcohol of 36%. Soluble, 
 with combination, in a cold aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash, but is decomposed by a hot solu- 
 tion of potash. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 10. pp. 339, 340.) 
 
 METHYI/BROMOSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Sol- 
 uble in water. (Cahours, Ibid., p. 340.) Very 
 soluble in acetic acid, from which water precipi- 
 tates it. 
 
 ACID. Insoluble 
 
 CBiBromoSalicylate of Methyl.) in water. Soluble in 
 
 C ia H 6 Br 2 O tf alcohol, and ether, 
 
 especially when these 
 
 are hot. Less soluble than methylmonobromo- 
 salicylic acid in alcohol of 36%. Soluble, with 
 combination, in cold concentrated aqueous solu- 
 tions of potash and soda, but is decomposed when 
 boiled therewith. Sparingly soluble, without 
 alteration, in bromine. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 10. pp. 339, 342, 343.) 
 
 METHYL&I'BROMOSALICYLATE OF POTASH. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 METHYL&/BROMOSALICYLATE OF SODA. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 METHYLCAMPHORIC ACID. Very sparingly 
 ( CamphoMethylic Acid. Camphoratc of Methyl.) soluble 
 C B H 18 8 = C M H 14 (U 8 Hj) 7 , H in wa- 
 
 t e r . 
 
 Very soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. 
 (Loir, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 485.) 
 
 METHYLCAMPHORATE OF BARYTA. Some- 
 what soluble in water. 
 
 METHYLCAMPHORATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 METHYLCAMPHORATE OF LEAD. Insoluble, 
 or but sparingly soluble in water, or alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of acetate of lead. 
 
 METHYLCAMPHORATE OF LIME. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 METHYLCAMPHORATE OF SILVER. Ppt. (Loir, 
 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYLCAPROYL. 
 i Methyl Heryl. Methylide of Hexyl.) 
 
 f f TT 
 ,, II _ J *^2 a 3 
 
 C " H -ic l2 H ls 
 
 METHYLCARBAMIC ACID. 
 (MethylUretan. Carbaminate of Methyl. Uretylan.) 
 C 4 H 5 N 4 = N H (C 2 H 3 ) (C 0) 2 , 0, H 
 
 METHYLCARBAMATE OF METHYLAMIN. 
 
 METHYLCARBOJJIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 ( Carbomethylic Acid.) 
 C 4 H 4 6 
 
 METHYLCARBONATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 r. TT w n r o ] Ba C M water, but the 
 C 4 H 8 Ba 6 = C, 4 | Cj Ha ^.^ ^ ^^ 
 
 poses ; instantly on boiling. Insoluble in alcohol, 
 or in wood-spirit. (Dumas & Peligot.) 
 
 METHYLCHLORACETAL. 
 C g H 6 C1 2 
 
 METHYLClTRIC ACID. 
 (Citrate of Methyl.) 
 C 14 H 10 14 
 
 METHYLCITRATE OF LIME. Very easily solu- 
 ble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Demon- 
 desir.) 
 
 A'METHYLClTRIC ACID. 
 
 (CitrobiMethylic Acid.) 
 
METHYLS. 
 
 L>;METHYLCITRATE OF LIME. Very easily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Demondesir.) 
 
 METHYLCHLOROSALICYLIC ACID. More SOl- 
 (C/iloroSalicylate of Methyl. Sali- uble in alcohol 
 cylate of Methylene monoMore.) t j lan me thylbichlo- 
 C 19 H 7 Cl 6 rosalicylic acid. 
 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 344.) 
 
 METHYLWCHLOROSALICYLIC ACID. LlSOlu- 
 {BiChloroSalicylate of Methyl, ble in water. Sola- 
 SalicylateofMethyleneMchlorA.) b j e m alcohol, more 
 C J6 H 6 C1 2 6 readily in hot than 
 
 in cold, and in ether. Slowly soluble, with de- 
 composition, in ammonia-water. Also soluble, 
 with decomposition, in cold, concentrated potash- 
 lye. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 344.) 
 
 METHYLCONIIN. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 ^ C,,- H M " water. More soluble in cold than in 
 
 N ?C 2 H 3 hot water, (v. Planta & Kekule', 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 144.) 
 
 METHYLGYANAMID. 
 (C 2 H 8 
 
 C 4 H 4 N 2 = N I Cy 
 
 METHYI.ETHYLUREA. Very 
 
 C,0,'< (Wurtz.) 
 
 deliquescent. 
 
 (Methyl CyanPhenylam in. ) 
 
 S C 12 H 4 (C 2 N) 
 C 16 H 8 N 2 =N C 2 H 3 
 C * 
 
 METHYLENE. Not isolated. 
 C 2 H 2 " 
 
 METHYLENEMERCAPTAN. Vid. Sulphydrate 
 of Methyl. 
 
 METHYLENESTANNETHYL. Vid. | Stann- 
 Ethyl. 
 
 METHYL(ZC)ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Methyl. 
 
 METHYLETHYL. 
 
 u _ C, H 3 / 
 
 6 H 8- C 4 H 6 j 
 
 METHYLETHYLAMIN. A little more soluble 
 in water than diEthylAmylamin. 
 METHYL^'ETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 A'METHYLC/t'ETHYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 METHYLETHYLAMYLAMIN. Sparingly soluble 
 i C 2 H 3 in water ; though somewhat 
 C 16 Hi9 N= N }J< 4 H| more soluble than diethyl- 
 10 u amylamin. Slowly soluble 
 in acids, with combination. (Hofmann.) 
 . METHYLC&'ETHYLAMYLAMMONIUM. Not iso- 
 lated. 
 
 METHYLETHYLANILIN. Resembles ethylani- 
 (Metethanilin. Methyl- Hn. Its salts are exceedingly 
 Ethyl Phenylamin.) readily soluble in water. 
 
 r w N N r H (Hofmann.) 
 
 Cj8 H t3 N = N < L, 2 H 8 V 
 
 METHYLETHYLATB OK ETHYLENB. Soluble 
 
 C H _ C 4 H 4 " JQ in about 15 vols. oi 
 
 C 2 H 3 , C 4 H s j 4 water- Miscible in 
 
 all proportions with 
 
 alcohol. Less soluble in an aqueous solution oi 
 chloride of calcium than in water. ( Wurtz.) 
 
 METHYLETHYLCONIIN. Vid. Hydrate of Me- 
 thylEthylConiin. 
 
 METHYLETHYLCYANAMIN. 
 
 (Isomeric with EthylbiCyanamin.) 
 C, H a 
 
 Vid. MethylZnEthyl- 
 
 METHYLHEXYL. Vid. MethylCaproyl. 
 
 METHYLIAQUE. Vid. Methylamin. 
 
 METHYLIC CiiLORAL(of Weidmann & Schwei- 
 zer). Probably a mixture of ter and quadi'iCUor- 
 Acetone. 
 
 METHYL!RISIN. Easily soluble in water, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of concen- 
 trated potash-lye. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. Soluble in acids, (v. Babo.) 
 
 Te<raMETHYLiUM. Vid. tefraMethylammo- 
 nium. 
 
 METHYLLUTIDIN. 
 
 3, e n n N 
 METHYLMALIC ACID. 
 
 Malate of Methyl.) 
 3 g H 8 (C 2 H 3 ) O w 
 
 METHYI.MALATE OF LIME. Insoluble, or but 
 C 8 H 4 (C 2 H 3 ) Ca 10 sparingly soluble in water. 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 METHYLNICOTIN. Known only in combina- 
 tion. See Hydrate of MethylNicotin. 
 
 VlETHYLNiTRoPHENiDiN. Insoluble in cold, 
 
 [Nitranisidin. Jlnisidine nitrique.) tolerably readily 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 O a = N^* H ( NO *) 2 soluble in boiling 
 water. Easily sol- 
 uble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. Eas- 
 ily soluble in ether, especially when this is hot ; 
 and in acids, with combination. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 445.) 
 
 METHYLizNiTRoPnENiDiN. Extremely spar- 
 (Binitranisidin. Anisidine binitrique.) ingly soluble 
 H 7 N 3 10 = N \ S" HS (N Ol ^ 2 2 in cold, very 
 sparingly sol- 
 uble in hot water. Sparingly soluble in cold, tol- 
 erably soluble in boiling alcohol. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in warm ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 27.453.) 
 
 METHYLNiTRoSALiCYLic ACID. Very spar- 
 (NitroSalicylate of Methyl. Indigotate ingly soluble 
 of.Methylene. jlnilatff of Methyiene.) } n Pn lrl more 
 
 C 16 H 7 N0 10 = C 14 H 4 (C 2 H S )(N0 4 )0 8 JJ^Jf " in 
 
 boiling water ; in the latter the portion which re- 
 mains undissolved melts to a thick oil. Tolerably 
 soluble in boiling alcohol ; the saturated solution 
 solidifying on cooling. Insoluble in ammonia- 
 water, but readily soluble, with combination, in 
 solutions of caustic potash and soda. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 345.) 
 METHYLWNiTRoSALicYLie ACID. Insoluble 
 
 (SiNitro Salicylate of Methyl. in boiling wa- 
 
 Gaultheric Acid binitrt.) _ "Mpnrlv 
 
 f M ivr r> r> H if n WN n 1 O .meanjr 
 
 ^16 "6^2 "W ^14 "3 IVi U 3) C W U 4^2 U 6 
 
 ammonium. 
 
 METHYLETHYLPHENYLAMIN. Vid. Methyl- 
 Ethvlanilin. 
 
 cold, tolerably readily soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Much less soluble in alcohol than ternitrosalicylic 
 acid. Soluble, with combination, in cold aqueous 
 solutions of potash and soda. No more soluble in 
 boiling concentrated chlorhydric acid than in 
 water. Soluble in aqna-regia, when this is gently 
 heated, and separates out. unchanged as the solu- 
 tion cools. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid 
 when this is gently heated ; on the addition of 
 water it is precipitated unchanged from this solu- 
 tion. Insoluble in ordinary nitric acid, either con- 
 centrated or dilute. Soluble in fuming nitric acid 
 at a temperature of 30<S> 40, and is reprecipitated 
 in its original state, on the addition of water ; this 
 solution is decomposed on boiling. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 6.) 
 
METHYLPHOSPHITES. 
 
 363 
 
 METHYLit'NlTROSALICYLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 C, 6 H fl (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) 2 6 Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 readily soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 9.) 
 
 METHYL&z'NlTROSALICYLATE OF COPPER. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in water. (Cahours, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 METHYL&t'NlTRoSALICYLATE OF LEAD. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYL&z'NlTROSALICYLATE OF POTASH. 
 
 Soluble in water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYL&l'NlTROSALICYLATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 C 16 H 5 Ag (N O 4 ) 2 O 6 Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. ( Cahours, loc. cit. ) 
 
 METHYL&j'NlTROSALICYLATE OF SODA. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 METHYLterNiTRoSALicYLic ACID. More sol- 
 
 ITerNitroSalicylate of Methyl.) uble in al- 
 
 C 16 H B N s O lg = C M H 2 (C z Hj) (N 4 ) 3 6 c O h O 1 
 
 than me- 
 
 thylbinitrosalicylic acid. Soluble in water acidu- 
 lated with nitric or sulphuric acids. (Cahours, 
 lac. cit.) 
 
 METHYL(ENANTHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Ca- 
 pricyl. 
 
 METHYLO-XALIC ACID. 
 
 (BinOzalate of Methyl.) 
 C H 4 8 
 
 METHYLOXALATE OF BARYTA. 
 C 6 H 3 Ba 8 
 
 METHYLOxALATE OF METHYL. Vid. OxalatC 
 
 of Methyl. 
 
 METHYL,OXAMIC ACID. Vid. Oxamate of 
 Methyl. 
 
 AMETHYLOxAMio. Easily soluble in warm 
 (Methyl Oiamid.) water; less soluble in 
 
 r n N o N- 5^f*H\ alcohol. Decomposed 
 
 Ca lia IN \JA = iNa < ( U HlM i it i* 1 
 
 *\#* by alkaline solutions. 
 
 (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 3O. 464.) 
 
 A'METHYLPARABANIC ACID. Vid. Paraba- 
 nate of Methyl. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTARIC ACID. Very easily 
 
 (Racemate of Methyl. Racemomethylic soluble in cold 
 Acid ParaT^trcmethylicAcid.) so , ub , e all 
 
 C 10 H 8 Oll - C 8 H 6 (C, H,, M . proponions in 
 
 boiling water. Readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 wood-spirit. Sparingly soluble in ether. (Gue- 
 rin-Varry.) 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF BARYTA. Efflo- 
 C 10 H 7 Ba Oi 2 + 4 Aq rescent. More soluble in 
 warm than in cold water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol of 95%, or in wood-spirit. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 in methylparatartaric acid. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF LIME. Insoluble 
 in methylparatartaric acid. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF POTASH. More 
 C 10 H 7 K 12 + Aq soluble in hot than in cold wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol of 
 95%, or in wood-spirit. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF SILVER. Insolu- 
 ble in methylparatartaric acid. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF SODA. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF STRONTIA. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. Insoluble in methylpara- 
 tartaric acid. 
 
 METHYLPARATARTRATE OF SODA. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold water. (Gue'rin-Varry. ) 
 
 METHYLPHENIDIN. Soluble in alcohol. (Ca- 
 
 (Anisidiit. Oxide of MethylPkenylamin. ) h O U r S 
 
 c w N o N i C H H J 2 _ N 5 r'S? 5 o Ann - Ch - 
 C M H N0 2 = N I jjM . N j C 2 H 3 . 2 ^ 
 
 (3.) 27. 
 443.) 
 
 METHYLPHENYLAMIN. Vid. Methyl Anilirt. 
 METHYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Phosphate of Methyl.) Its Salts are 
 
 C 2 H 5 P 8 = 2 H 3 0, 2 H 0, P 5 much less solu- 
 ble in water than 
 those of dimethylphosphoric acid. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF BARYTA. Less solu- 
 C 2 H 3 Baj P 8 + 4 Aq ble in water at 100 than in 
 lukewarm water. (Litn- 
 pricht.) 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF LIME. 
 C 2 H 3 Ca, P 8 + 4 Aq 
 
 Z)Z'METHYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. Soluble in 
 (Di Phosphate of Methyl.) water, alcohol, 
 
 C 4 H 7 P 8 = 2 C 2 H 3 0, H O, P B and ether. The 
 
 aqueous solution 
 
 is readily decomposed by boiling. The salts of 
 dimethylphosphoric acid are much more soluble in 
 water than those of monomethylphosphoric acid. 
 They are tolerably readily soluble in water ; less 
 soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Their 
 aqueous solutions are decomposed when heated. 
 
 DZ'METHYLPHOSPHATE OF BARYTA. Nearly 
 C 4 H 8 Ba P 8 insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF COPPER. Appears to 
 be easily soluble in water. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 Appears to be easily soluble in water. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 C 4 H 6 Pb P 8 water. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF LIME. Very soluble 
 C 4 H 6 CaP0 8 in water. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE of protoxide OF 
 
 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF STRONTIA. Some- 
 r H SrPO -4-2Aq what more soluble than the 
 C * H ' Sr [ baryta salt. Almost insolu- 
 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHATE OF ZINC. 
 readily soluble in water. (Schiff.) 
 
 THMETHYLPHOSPHIN. Insoluble in water. 
 P(C 2 H 3 ) 3 (Hofmann & Cahours.) 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHOROUS ACID. Easily soluble 
 in water, and di- 
 O 3 lute alcohol. Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in 
 ether Its salts are hygroscopic and dissolve read- 
 Hy in water; they are sparingly soluble in alco- 
 hol and insoluble in ether. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. 
 . Pharm., 103. 164.) 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHITE OF BARYTA. Less sol lu- 
 C H BaPO a ble in water, and alcohol, than the 
 lime salt. 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHITE OF LEAD. 
 C 2 H 4 PbP0 6 
 
 METHYLPHOSPHITE OF LIME. More soluble 
 C H. Ca P 6 + 2 Aq in water, and alcohol, than 
 the baryta salt. 
 
364 
 
 METHYLTARTRATES. 
 
 MEXHYI/PHOSPHITE of protoxide OF.MERCUKY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 METHYLPlIOSPHITE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 Not isolated. 
 
 V j (C, n,) 4 
 METHYLPIPERIDIN. Soluble in water. (Ca- 
 
 (MethylPiperylamin.) hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 C li H ls N=NJo l H 1 o'' (3.) 38. 92.) 
 
 METHYLPIPERYLUREA. Vid. Cyanate of Me- 
 thylPiperidin. 
 
 METHYLPLUMBETHYL. Vid. biP\um\)(ic)tri- 
 Ethyl. 
 
 METHYLQUINOLEIN. Not isolated. 
 
 Cyi H N 
 
 METHYLSALICYLIC ACID. Very sparingly sol- 
 (Salicylate of Methyl. SalicylateofMethylene. uble in 
 Gaultheric Add. Oil of Wintergreen. Methyl- wftt g f 
 Spiroylic Acid. Hydrate of Methyl Salicyl. , , , ' 
 Isomeric with Anisic Acid.) 
 
 C 18 H 8 6 = C M H 4 (C 2 H 3 )0 5 ,HO in all 
 
 propor- 
 
 tions in alcohol, ether, oil of turpentine, and oil 
 of lemon. Soluble, with combination, in cold 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash and soda, but 
 is decomposed when boiled therewith. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 328.) 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble 
 C 16 H 7 Ba 6 in cold, very sparingly soluble in hot 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Ca- 
 hours, he. tit., pp. 334, 336.) 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF COPPER. Insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE of protoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Insoluble in water. 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. Sali- 
 cylate of Methyl. 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Very read- 
 C 16 H T K 8 ily and largely soluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in absolute alcohol. (Cahours, 
 loc. cit., p. 334.) Abundantly soluble in water. 
 Very easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Proc- 
 ter.) 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF SODA. Largely sol- 
 uble in water, but somewhat less soluble therein 
 than the potash salt. Soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Cahours, loc.cit.) Less soluble than the potash 
 salt in water, alcohol, and ether. (Procter.) 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF STRONTIA. Some- 
 what soluble in water. (Cahours, loc. cit, p. 334.) 
 
 METHYLSALICYLATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in 
 water. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYLSELEXIOUS ACID. Deliquescent. 
 (Selenite of Methyl.-) Easily soluble 
 
 C 2 H 4 Se 2 6 = C 2 H 3 0, H 0, 2 Se 2 in water, and 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 METHYLSELENITE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 METHYLSELENITE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 METHYLSELENITE OF SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 
 C 2 H 3 Ag Se 2 6 uble in cold, more soluble in boil- 
 
 ing water. The solution is de- 
 
 composed by long-continued boiling.- (Wcehler 
 
 & Dean, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 97. 7.) 
 
 METHYLSTANNETHYL. Vid. biSt&nn(ic)tri- 
 Ethyl. 
 
 METHYLSULPHURIC ACID. Very soluble in 
 
 (Sulphometliylic Acid. Bisulphate water; less ea- 
 of Methyl. Bisulphate ofMethylene.) g jjy j n a l co h o l_ 
 
 C 2 H 4 S 2 8 = *ff$* ^ S 2 8 The metallic 
 
 methyl sulphates 
 
 are all very soluble in water, much less soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 METHYLSULPHATE OF BARYTA. Effloresces 
 
 C 2 H 3 Ba S 2 8 + 2 Aq in warm air. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 METHYLSULPHATE OF LEAD. Very deliques- 
 C 2 H 3 Pb S 2 8 + Aq & 2 Aq cent and soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Kane.) 
 
 METHYLSULPHATE OF LIME. Very deliques- 
 C 2 H 3 Ca S 2 8 cent. 
 
 METHYLSULPHATE OF POTASH. Very deli- 
 C 2 H 3 K S 2 O g + Aq quescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 METHYLSULPHATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 Ur 2 3 , C 2 H 3 0, S 2 6 Very deliquescent. Soluble 
 in water. (Peligot, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 560.) 
 
 METHYLfeiraSuLPHURic Acio(of Hofmann & 
 Buckton). Vid. Methionic Acid. 
 
 METHYLSULPHUROUS ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 
 (Sulphosomfthylic Acid. Hyposulphpmethylic ter. The 
 
 Acid. Sulphoformic Acid. Sulphite of Me- jjietall i C 
 thyl. Methyldithionic Acid. Sidphomethylsul- , . 
 
 phuric Acid. Eisulphimethylic Acid.) metnyl- 
 
 r H <? n - c H s ^ <s' o sulphites 
 
 l> Hi Do Ua ^= Ti n t ^2 ^4 
 
 H S 2 are solu- 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 METHYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Permanent. 
 C 2 H 3 BaS 2 6 Very soluble in water. Alcohol, 
 and spirit, precipitate it from the 
 aqueous solution. (Muspratt, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 52.) 
 
 METHYLSULPHITE OF COPPER. Remarkably 
 C 2 H 3 CuS 2 6 +5Aq soluble in water. (Mus- 
 pratt, loc. cit., p. 53.) 
 
 METHYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 C 2 H 3 PbS 2 6 + Aq (Kolbe, Muspratt.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. (Kolbe.) 
 C 2 H 3 Pb S 2 6 ,2PbO 
 
 METHYLSULPHITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in cold water. In- 
 C 2 H S KS 2 O 6 soluble in cold absolute alcohol. 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 (Kolbe.) 
 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 C 2 II 3 KS 2 6 , C 2 H 4 S 2 6 
 
 METHYLSULPHITE OF SlLVER. Soluble in 
 
 C 2 H s Ag S 2 8 water. (Kolbe.) 
 METHYLSULPHITE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. 
 
 METHYLtftSULPHOCARBONATE OF X. Vid. 
 
 OxySulphoCarbonate of Methyl & of X. 
 
 MfiTHYLSULPHOPHENIC ACID. Soluble in 
 (SulphAnisolic Acid. Sulphate of Toluenyl.) water. 
 C 14 H 8 S 2 8 = C 12 H 4 (C 2 H 3 ) 0, H 0. S 2 6 
 
 METHYLSULPHOPHENATE OF BARYTA. Solll- 
 
 C 14 H 7 Ba S 2 O 8 + Aq ble in water. ( Cahours, Ann. 
 
 Ch. etPhys., (3.) 10. 357.) 
 METHYLTARTARIC ACID. Permanent. Very 
 
 ( TartroMethylic Acid. Tartrate of Methyl.) soluble in 
 C 10 H 8 12 = C 8 H 6 (C 2 H s ) Ou cold, solu- 
 
 ble in all 
 
 proportions in boiling water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and wood-spirit. Sparingly soluble in 
 ether. The aqueous solution is decomposed by 
 long-continued ebullition. (Guerin-Varry.) 
 
 METHYLTARTRATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. More 
 C 10 H r Ba 12 + Aq soluble in warm than in cold 
 
MOLYBDATES. 
 
 water, easily decomposed by washing with water. 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol, or alcohol of 96%. 
 (Guerin-Varry.) Insoluble in absolute wood- 
 spirit. (Dumas & Peligot.) 
 
 METHYLTARTRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 METHYI/TARTATE OF LIME. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in a slight excess of the 
 acid. (Guerin-Varry.) 
 
 METHYI/TARTRATE OF POTASH. Much more 
 
 Cm H 7 K 0,2 soluble in warm than in cold water. 
 
 The aqueous solution is decomposed 
 
 by long-continued boiling. Insoluble in absolute 
 
 alcohol, or alcohol of 95%. (Guerin-Varry.) 
 
 METHYLTARTRATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in an excess of me- 
 thyltartaric acid. 
 
 METHYLTARTRATE OF SODA. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. (Guerin-Varry.) 
 
 METHYLTARTRATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 
 a slight excess of acid. 
 
 " METHYLdiTniONic ACID." Vid. MethylSul- 
 phnrous Acid. 
 
 METHYLC?/THIONIC ACID. The aqueous solu- 
 C, H 4 S- 0. tion readily undergoes decomposition. 
 (Hobson, J. Ch. Soc., 10. 245.) 
 
 METHYLC?THIONATE OF BARYTA. Very sol- 
 C 2 H 3 BaS 2 4 uble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol, or ether. (Hobson, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYLC&THIONATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 water ; the solution undergoes decomposition 
 when evaporated. (Hobson, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYLC&THIONATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 water. (Hobson, loc. cit.) 
 
 METiiYLcftTniONATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 C 2 H s Ca S 2 4 water. Insoluble in alcohol, or 
 ether. (Hobson, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYLrfiTmoNATE OF MAGNESIA. Very 
 C 2 H 3 Mg S 2 4 + Aq ^soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol or ether. (Hobson, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 METiiYLcftTmoNATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in 
 water ; the aqueous solution undergoes decom- 
 position when evaporated. (Hobson, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYLeftTiiiONATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 water ; the aqueous solution undergoes decom- 
 position when evaporated. (Hobson, loc. cit.) 
 
 METHYLC&'THIONATE OF ZINC. Very soluble 
 C 2 U 3 ZnS 2 4 in water. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (Hobson, J. Ch. Soc., 1O. 
 245.) 
 
 METHYLTHIOSINAMIN. 
 
 c 
 
 METHYLURAMIN. Very deliquescent. 
 C 2 H 3 tie in water. 
 
 Solu- 
 
 METHYLUREA. Deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 i C 2 0," ter, and alcohol. (Wurtz, 
 
 * H " 30?46o'.) 
 
 Permanent. Easily soluble 
 
 t 2 
 
 2 "3)2 
 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 
 METHYLXANTHIC ACID. Vid. OxySulpho- 
 Carbonate of Methyl. 
 
 METHYLXANTHIC ETHER. Vid. OxySulpho- 
 Carbonate of Methyl. 
 
 MET(ENANTHOL. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 C 14 H 14 2 soluble in boiling, sparingly soluble in 
 cold alcohol. (Bussy.) 
 
 METOLEIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol. Very soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 The alkaline metoleates are soluble in water, 
 but all the other salts are insoluble. (Fremy.) 
 
 METOLUIDIN. Slightly soluble in cold, some- 
 
 Cg,, H 17 N 3 what more readily soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. Readily 
 
 soluble, with combination, in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Wilson, J. Ch.Soc.,3. 156.) 
 
 MICROCOSMIC SALT. Vid. Phosphate of Am- 
 monia & of Soda. 
 MIDDLETONITE. See under RESINS. 
 
 ACID. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 ( Catechu Tannic Acid. Cachoutannic Sparingly 
 
 Acid. RatanhiagerbS(eure(of\Vitt,steia.).) ,J|,,ui n ; 
 C 1S H 8 8 = C 18 H 7 7 , HO 
 
 water acid- 
 
 ulated with sulphuric acid, though more soluble 
 than gallotannic acid. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Insoluble in fatty or essential oils. 
 Soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. 
 
 Its salts, with the alkaline earths and metals, are 
 sparingly soluble precipitates. 
 
 MIMOTANNATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 MOLYBDIC ACID. Soluble in 960 pts. of hot 
 Mo0 3 water (Hatchett) ; in 500 pts. of cold wa- 
 ter ; and in a much smaller quantity of hot 
 water (Bucholz) ; in 570 pts. of cold, and in much 
 less hot water. (Dumas, TV.) Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. Before ignition, it is soluble in 
 some acids ; its best solvent is a boiling aqueous 
 solution of bitartrate of potash, but after ignition 
 it is only slightly soluble therein. (Berzelius.) 
 Soluble in strong acids ; when these solutions are 
 diluted and boiled, decomposition ensues. (H. 
 Rose, Poffff.Ann., 83. 151.) 
 
 Excepting the ammonia-salt, all the molybdates 
 are insoluble, or difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 MOLYBDIC ACID with PHOSPHATE OF AM- 
 (i. e. the yellow precipitate produced MONIA. Solu- 
 when molybdate of ammonia is added ble in hot wa- 
 to the solution of a phosphate. Some- .. , . 
 
 times called Phosphate, of Molybdenum.) Ier BIlgJKiy 
 
 2 (3 N H 4 0, P 5 ) ; 15 (H 0, 4 Mb 3 ) soluble in cold 
 
 water. Solu- 
 
 ble in solutions of the alkaline phosphates. (Fre- 
 senius, Quant., p. 161.) Soluble in a dilute aque- 
 ous solution of acetate of soda. (Seligsohn.) 
 
 Easily soluble in boiling aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium and oxalate of ammonia. 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling solutions of sulphate 
 of ammonia, nitrate of potash, chloride of potas- 
 sium, and sulphate of magnesia. Very little sol- 
 uble in a boiling solution of nitrate of ammonia. 
 Soluble in boiling solutions of sulphate of potash, 
 sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, and chloride 
 of magnesium. Also in hot water and in hot sul- 
 phuric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids, both concen- 
 trated and dilute. Solutions of caustic alkalies, 
 and of the alkaline carbonates dissolve it, even in 
 the cold, as do also solutions of chloride of ammo- 
 nium and oxalate of ammonia. Cold mineral 
 acids act upon it to some extent. Cold water dis- 
 solves it with great difficulty. Its behavior to- 
 wards solvents is changed by the presence of 
 molybdate of ammonia, so that it becomes nearly 
 insoluble in acids, even on boiling. (Craw, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 13. 394.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF ALUMINA. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF ALUMINA & OF AMMONIA. 
 
 3 (N H 4 0, 2 Mo 8 ); A1 2 8 , 6 Mo O s + 20 Aq Some- 
 
366 
 
 MOLYBDATES. 
 
 what more readily soluble in water than the cor 
 responding potash salt. (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF ALUMINA & OP POTASH. Sol 
 
 3 (K 0, 2 Mo 3 ); A1 2 O 3 , 6 Mo 8 -)- 20 Aq uble in 40 
 
 pts. of wa 
 ter at 17. (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF AMMONIA. 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water, or alcohol 
 N H 4 0, Mo 3 Soluble in ammonia-water. (Flueck- 
 
 iger.) 
 
 II.) bi. Easily soluble in water. (Delffs.) 
 
 N H 4 0, 2 Mo 3 + Aq Soluble in 2 @ 3 pts. of 
 
 water. "(Brandcs.) 
 
 III.) ter. Difficultly soluble in cold, more read- 
 
 N H 4 0, 3 Mo 3 + Aq ily soluble in boiling water. 
 
 (Berlin.) 
 
 IV.) quadri. 
 N H 4 0, 4 Mo 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 V.) NH 4 0,2Mo0 3 ;NH 4 0,3M 3 + 3Aq Per- 
 
 m a - 
 nent. Soluble in water. (Struve & Svanberg.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF AMMONIA & OF CHROMIUM. 
 3 (N H 4 0, 2 Mo 3 ); Cr 2 3 , 6 Mo 3 + 20 Aq Soluble 
 
 in wa- 
 ter. ( Struve. ) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. Dif- 
 N H 4 0, 3 Mo 8 ; Cu 0, 2 Mo 3 + 9 Aq ficultly soluble 
 
 in cold, more 
 
 soluble (without decomposition) in hot water. 
 (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF AMMONIA & OF IRON. Solu- 
 3(N H 4 0,2Mo0 3 ); Fe 2 3 , 6 Mo 3 + 20 Aq ble in 
 
 w a t er. 
 (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 Easily soluble in water. (Craw, Am. J. Set., (2.) 
 13. 394.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF AMMONIA & OF MANGANESE. 
 5 (N H 4 0, 2 Mo 3 ) ; Mn, 3 , 6 Mo 3 + 12 Aq Perma- 
 
 nent. 
 Soluble in 102 pts. of water at 17. (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Solu- 
 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF ANTIMONY. Soluble in boiling 
 water. (Berzelius.) Insoluble in cold water. [Y.J 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Almost insoluble in water. Soluble 
 Ba 0, Mo 3 in dilute chlorhydric, and nitric acids. 
 
 II.) <1i. Soluble in dilute chlorhydric, and 
 2 Ba 0, Mo 3 + Aq nitric acids. 
 
 III.) Tolerably soluble in water. (Svanberg & 
 2 Ba 0, 5 Mo 3 + 6 Aq Struve. ) 
 
 IV.) ter. Sparingly soluble in water. (S. & S.) 
 Ba 0, 3 Mo 3 + Aq 
 
 V.) nono. Insoluble in water, either pure or 
 BaO, 9Mo0 3 +4 Aq acidulated. (S. & S.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF BISMUTH. Soluble in 500 
 Bi 3 , 3 Mo 3 pts. of water, and in the stronger 
 acids. (Rich ter.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 MOLYBDATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Insolu- 
 Ce 0, MO 3 ble in water. Soluble in several 
 acids. (Berzelius & Hisinger.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF terCnLORiDE OF MOLYB- 
 Mo Ci s , 2 Mo 3 DENUM. Easily soluble in water. 
 Also soluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. In- 
 soluble in water. Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of molybdate of ammonia. (Berzelius.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTASH. Per- 
 3 (K O, 2 Mo 3 ); Cr 2 3 , 6 Mo 3 + 20 Aq m a n e n t . 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 38.51 pts. of water at 17. On being heated, it 
 melts, and on cooling again is very difficultly sol- 
 uble in water or acids. (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTASH. 
 3 (Na 0, 2 Mo 3 ); Cr 2 3 , 6 Mo 8 + 21 Aq Easily ef- 
 florescent. 
 Easily soluble in water. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF COBALT. Ppt. Decomposed 
 Co 0, Mo O g by aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies, and by strong acids. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) CuO, Mo0 3 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Decomposed by acids, and by 
 alkaline solutions. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) 40uO, 3MoO 3 + 5Aq Ppt. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Soluble in wa- 
 N |* H 6.HO,2Mo0 3 ter - (E.Meyer.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF ETHYLAMIN with PHOSPHATE 
 OF ETHYLAMIN. More soluble in acids and in 
 saline solutions than the corresponding ammonia 
 compound. (E.Meyer.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of teroxide OF GOLD. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Soluble in chlorhydric and 
 nitric acids. (Richter.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of protoxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 Fe 0, Mo 3 in water. (Scheele.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Fe 2 3) 3 Mo 3 Ppt. Decomposed by an 
 aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. 
 
 II.) Fe 2 3 , 6 Mo 8 + 16 Aq Ppt. 
 MOLYBDATE OF IRON & OF POTASH. Soluble 
 3 (K 0, 2 Mo 3 ) ; Fe 2 3 , 6 Mo 3 + 20 Aq in water. 
 
 (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 PbO,Mo0 8 Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash ; also, with decompo- 
 sition, in sulphuric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 CaO,MoO 3 Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF MAGNESIA. Permanent. Sol- 
 Mg O, Mo 3 + 4 Aq uble in 12 @ 15 pts. of cold 
 water. (Brandes.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE. 
 Mn 0, Mo 3 + Aq Difficultly soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. (Struve.) Soluble in 40 
 @ 50 pts. of water [containing Mn Cl, or K 0, 
 MoO 3 ?] (Richter.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of sesquioxide OF MANGANESE. 
 
 2 Mn 2 3 , Mo 3 + 4 Aq Easily soluble in water, 
 
 from which it is precipitated 
 
 by saline solutions, as of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 (Struve.) 
 
 MOLTBDATE of sesquioxide OF MANGANESE & 
 5(KO, 2MoOg); Mn 2 O 3 , 6 Mo 3 + 12 Aq OF POT- 
 
 ASH. Sol- 
 uble in 384 pts. of water at 17 ; and more readily 
 n boiling water, by which, however, it is par- 
 tially decomposed. (Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 1.) Hg 2 O, Mo 3 Insoluble in water. (Struve.) 
 Easily soluble in nitric acid. 
 Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) Hg 2 o, 2Mo0 3 Ppt. Decomposed by long- 
 continued washing, or when 
 
MORIC ACID. 
 
 367 
 
 boiled with water. (Strnve.) Soluble in 500 @ 
 600 pts. of water. Decomposed by nitric acid. 
 (Hatchett.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) Mo 2 , 2 Mo 3 Soluble in water. Sparingly 
 (Olive-green oxide of soluble in alcohol. (Gme- 
 
 Muiybdenum.-) ] in ) insoluble in an aque- 
 
 ous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 II.) Mo0 2 , 4Mo0 3 Soluble in cold, more 
 
 (Blue oxide of'Molyidenum.) soluble in hot water; 
 
 also somewhat soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. Very difficultly soluble 
 in saline solutions. Soluble in acids. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF NICKEL. Slightly soluble in 
 Ni 0, Mo 3 boiling water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 K 0, Mo 3 water (Bucholz) ; especially when this 
 is hot. Insoluble in alcohol. (Svan- 
 berg & Struve.) 
 
 II.) bi. Sparingly soluble in cold water. Sol- 
 uble in 3 IS) 4 pts. of boiling water. (Bucholz.) 
 According to Berzelius, if this salt is dissolved in 
 hot water the solution deposits a portion of a more 
 acid salt, which does not redissolve in boiling 
 water. Svanberg & Struve could not obtain a bi- 
 molybdate of potash ; they describe, however, a 
 compound salt consisting either of 3 (K 0, 2 Mo 
 O s ) + K 0, 3 Mo 3 + 6 Aq, or 3 (K O, Mo 3 ) 
 + 5 (K O, 3 Mo O 3 ) -f- 12 Aq, which is decom- 
 posed by water to termolybdate, and monomolyb- 
 date of potash which dissolves. 
 
 III.) ter. Difficultly soluble in cold, easily solu- 
 K 0, 3 Mo 3 + 3 Aq ble in boiling water. 
 
 IV.) quadri. Soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 K 0, 4 Mo 3 cold water. 
 
 V.) quinqui. Insoluble in water. (Svanberg 
 KO, 5MoO 3 + 2Aq & Struve.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Soluble 
 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF POTASH with PHOSPHATE OF 
 3(KO, 3MoO s +3HO); POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 it 0,2 H 0, P 6 + 6 Aq ter. (Zenker.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble in water (Richter) ; 
 
 Ag 0, Mo 3 and in nitric acid. (H. Rose.) Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in pure water ; easily 
 
 soluble in water acidulated with nitric acid. 
 
 (Struve & Svanberg.) 
 
 II.) acid. Ppt. Somewhat soluble in water. 
 2 Ag 0, 5 Mo 3 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. Efflorescent. Very easily soluble 
 Na 0, Mo 3 + 2 Aq in water. 
 
 II.) bi. When prepared in the moist way it is 
 
 Na 0, 2 Mo 3 + Aq easily soluble in water ; but 
 
 after ignition it is difficultly 
 
 soluble in cold, and only slowly soluble in hot 
 
 water. 
 
 III.) ter. More soluble in water than the cor- 
 Na 0, 3 Mo O s + 7 Aq responding potash salt. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water. 
 ThO,Mo0 8 (Berzelius.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 Sn 2) 2 Mo 3 water. Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash and in dilute 
 chlorhydric aeid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 
 Decomposed by washing with water. Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 MOLYBDATE of scsquioxide OF URANIUM. In- 
 soluble in water. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of carbonate of ammonia and in strong acids. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF VANADIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water. 
 Readily soluble in nitric acid. (Berlin.) 
 
 MOLYBDATE OF ZINC. Sparingly soluble in 
 Zn 0, Mo 3 water ; more soluble in acids. 
 
 MOLYBDATE & PHOSPHATE OF 
 Aconitin ~| Insoluble, or very 
 
 Ammonia sparingly soluble, 
 
 Amylammonium at ordinary temper- 
 
 e&'Amylammonium atures in water, al- 
 
 Zn'Amylammonium cohol, ether, or di- 
 
 teZraAmylammonium lute mineral acids-, 
 
 Anilin excepting phospho- 
 
 Atropin ric acid. Least sol- 
 
 Berberin uble in dilute nitric 
 
 Brucin acid. Partially sol- 
 
 Chinolin uble in boiling" con- 
 
 Cinchonin centrated nitric acid. 
 
 Colchicin Scarcely acted up- 
 
 Coniin on at ordinary tem- 
 
 Daturin peratures by acetic 
 
 Delphinin acid ; but soluble 
 
 Ethylammonium in boiling acetic 
 
 rfj'Ethylammonium " acid, separating out 
 
 <n'Ethylammonium again as the so- 
 
 fe<raEthylammonium lution cools. Un- 
 
 Jervin acted upon by cold, 
 
 Mercuramin soluble in boiling 
 
 Mercurtefr Amylammonium oxalic, tartaric, and 
 MercurteirEthylammonium citric acids ; from 
 Morphine these solutions noth- 
 
 Narcotin separates out on 
 
 Nicotin cooling. Easily sol- 
 
 Piperin uble in aqueous so- 
 
 Quinine lutions of the caustic 
 
 Sinamin alkalies and of the 
 
 Solanin alkaline carbonates, 
 
 Strychnine borates, and phos- 
 
 Thein phates ; somewhat 
 
 Theobromin less soluble in so- 
 
 Veratrin lutions of the alka- 
 
 line acetates and tartrates. (Sonnenschein, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 104. 45.) 
 
 MOLYBDENUM. Permanent. Insoluble in di- 
 Mo lute sulphuric, chlorhydric, or fluorhydric 
 acid. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 and in nitric acid so long as an excess of the metal 
 is present, but if the acid is in excess, insoluble 
 molybdic acid separates out. Easily soluble in 
 aqua-regia. Insoluble in potash-lye. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 MoNESiN(from Chrysophyllumglycyphlceum). Sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 MORIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Morin.) Soluble in 4000 pts. of water 
 
 C S6 H 14 18 -f 2 Aq at 20 ; and in 1 060 pts. of 
 boiling water. Readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in weak acids, 
 and in solutions of the caustic alkalies and the 
 alkaline carbonates. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which it is precipitated un- 
 changed on the addition of water. The solution 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid is decomposed 
 when heated. 
 
 MORATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 3 Cg,, H 13 Ba 0, 8 ; C 38 H 14 18 + 2 Aq 
 
368 
 
 MUCATES. 
 
 MORATE OF LIME. Soluble in alcohol, from 
 
 C 36 H is Ca is + 2 Act which it is precipitated on 
 
 the addition of water. 
 
 MORINDIN. Easily soluble in boiling, sparingly 
 (Rochleder maintains that it is soluble in cold wa- 
 WenticaHrith .Ruberytliric Acid.) ter Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, more 
 
 soluble in boiling alcohol, especially if the al- 
 cohol be dilute. Insoluble in ether. Soluble in 
 alkaline solutions ; also with decomposition in 
 concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. 
 
 MORINDONE. Entirely insoluble in water. 
 (Identical with Alizarin, Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 according to Rochleder.) ^ ethen Soluble in al . 
 
 kaline solutions, and in 
 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, from which water pre- 
 cipitates it. 
 
 MORIN. Vid. Moric Acid. 
 
 MORINGIC ACID. Very soluble in spirit, even 
 (Moringasaure.) in the cold. Decomposed by 
 u so H 28 * warm concentrated sulphuric 
 
 acid. (Walter.) 
 
 MORINTANNIC ACID. Soluble in 64 pts. of 
 Cjg H 18 O 20 = CJH, H 12 O 16) 2 HO + 2 Aq? cold, and in 
 
 2.14 pts. of 
 
 boiling water. Easily soluble in alcohol, wood- 
 spirit, and ether. Insoluble in oil of turpentine, 
 and the fatty oils. Soluble in water acidulated 
 with chlorhydric, sulphuric, phosphoric, or arsenic 
 acids. Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated on the addition 
 of water. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the al- 
 kalies and alkaline carbonates. 
 
 MORINTANNATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 MORINTANNATE OF COFFEE. 
 
 MORINTANNATE of sesquioxtde OF IRON. 
 
 MORINTANNATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) C M H 12 Pb 2 18 ; 2 Pb 
 
 II.) 3 (Cy. H 12 Pb 2 18 ), 2 Pb + 5 Aq 
 
 MORINTANNATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, 
 Cgg H 13 Ca 18 and alcohol. 
 
 MORINTANNATE OF QUININE. Sparingly sol- 
 C M H 24 N 2 4 , Cgg H u 18 uble in water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol. ( Wag- 
 ner.) 
 
 MOROXYLIC AciD?(from Morns alba). Per- 
 manent. Easily soluble in water, and alcohol-. 
 (Klaproth.) 
 
 MOROXYLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 MOROXYLATE OF LIME. 100 pts. of cold wa- 
 ter dissolve 1.5 pts. of it ; 100 pts. of boiling wa- 
 ter dissolve 3.5 pts. (Klaproth.) 
 
 MORPHETIN. Soluble in water. Slightly sol- 
 uble in strong alcohol. Only slightly soluble in 
 strong chlorhydric acid, but easily soluble in nitric 
 acid. (E. Marchand.) 
 
 MORPHINE. Permanent. Very sparingly sol- 
 CM H 19 N O a -t- 2 Aq uble in cold water. Soluble 
 in about 500 pts. of boiling, 
 and in 1000 pts. of cold water. Soluble in 40 pts. 
 of cold, and in 24 @ 30 pts. of boiling absolute 
 alcohol; in 20 pts. of cold, and in 13 pts. of boil- 
 ing alcohol of 0.82 sp. gr. (Duflos.) Nearly in- 
 soluble in cold water ; soluble in 100 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. (M. R. & P.) Soluble in 960 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 fur Pharm., 8. 201 , from Canstatt's Jahresbericht, 
 fur 1854, p. 76.) Almost insoluble in ether, or 
 the essential oils. 
 
 It is much more soluble in ether when agitated 
 therewith at the moment when it is set free from 
 its combination with an acid, than after it has 
 once crystallized. Much more soluble in a mix- 
 ture of alcohol and ether than in pure ether. (Pol- 
 storf, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 48.) Sparingly sol- 
 uble in benzin. (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 262.) 100 
 pts. of chloroform dissolve 1.66 pts. of pure mor- 
 phine at the ordinary temperature. (Schlimpert, 
 Kopp $ Will's J. B.Jiir 1859, p. 405. ) 100 pts. of 
 chloroform dissolve 0.57 pt. of morphine at the or- 
 dinary temperature. (Michael Pettenkofer, Koppfr 
 Will's J. B., fur 1858, p. 363.) Insoluble in olive- 
 oil. (Pettenkofer, loc. cit.) Morphine is soluble 
 at the ordinary temperature in water saturated 
 with carbonic acid, but at the morphine sepa- 
 rates out as such, not as carbonate of morphine, 
 as has been stated by Choulant. (Langlois, Ann. 
 Ch. ft Phys., (3.) 48. 503.) Sparingly soluble in 
 ammonia-water ; very readily soluble^ with alter- 
 ation, in an aqueous solution of caustic soda. 
 (Bouchardat, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 221.) 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 lime, soda, (less readily in carbonate of soda,) 
 baryta, and strontia. Insoluble in a solution of 
 chloride of ammonium [or chloride of calcium]. 
 Readily soluble in dilute acids, with combination. 
 
 The salts of morphine are generally readily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol ; but are insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 They are generally freely soluble in glycerin. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 236.) 
 
 jasewcfoMoRFHiNE. Vid. Pseudomorphine. 
 
 MUCAMID. Very slightly soluble in boiling 
 
 (Mucylbiamid.) water, separating 
 
 C J2 H 13 N 2 12 = N 2 \ j 12 HS 12 " out as the solution 
 
 cools. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol or ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
 Mucic ACID. Permanent. Very sparingly 
 (Schleimsaure.') soluble in cold, some- 
 
 C 12 H 10 16 = C 12 H 8 14 , 2 H what more soluble in 
 boiling water. De- 
 composed by long-continued boiling with water. 
 Soluble in 60 pts. of boiling water ; the solution 
 depositing ^ pt. on cooling. (Scheele.) Soluble 
 in 80 pts. of boiling water. (Hermstadt, Phys. 
 Chem., [T.] ; Morveau, Encyc. Method., 1. 290 [T .]; 
 Trommsdorff.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 
 0.84 pt. of it; and at 100, 1.25 pts. (Ure's Diet.) 
 Soluble in 66.66 pts. of boiling water, i. e. 100 
 pts. of boiling water dissolve 1.5 pts. of it. (Ma- 
 laguti.) Difficultly soluble in dilute acids. Sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric acid. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 Insoluble in caoutchin. (Himly.) 
 
 The alkaline mucates arc readily soluble in 
 water, the others are very slightly soluble. When 
 they are treated with another acid, mucic acid is 
 precipitated. 
 
 MUCATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Almost insoluble in boiling water. 
 (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very readily soluble in boiling 
 water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 MUCATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, readily 
 C 12 H 8 (N H 4 ) 2 19 soluble in hot water. ( Tromms- 
 dorff.) Much less soluble in wa- 
 ter than the acid salt. (Johnson.) More solu- 
 ble in water than the corresponding pyromucate. 
 (Malaguti.) 
 
MYRISTIC ACID. 
 
 369 
 
 II.) acid. Much more soluble in water than the 
 Cu H 9 (N H 4 ) O t8 + 2 Aq normal salt. ( S. W. John- 
 son, Ann. Ck. u. Pharm., 
 94. 227.) 
 
 The normal and acid salts crystallize together 
 in indefinite proportions; these mixtures appear 
 to be somewhat less soluble in water than the acid 
 salt. 
 
 MUCATE OF AMYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Vid. AmylMucic Acid. 
 
 MUCATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in cold, very 
 C 12 H g Ba, 18 + Aq sparingly soluble in boiling 
 water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 MUCATE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTASH. 
 K 0, Cr z O s , C, 4 H 8 M + 7 Aq 
 
 MUCATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. (Hagen.) 
 C, 2 H g Cuj OK, + Aq 
 
 II.) tetra. Insoluble in water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 MUCATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. 100 pts. of water at 15 dissolve 
 
 (Mucic Ether.) 2.27 pts. of it ; i. e. 
 
 CM H 18 O 16 = C u H 8 (C t H 5 ) 4 16 1 pt. is soluble in 
 
 44.05 pts. of water 
 
 at 15. Much more readily soluble in boiling 
 water, but the aqueous solution is decomposed by 
 long-continued boiling. 1000 pts. of alcohol, of 
 0.814 sp. gr., at 15 dissolve only 6.4 pts. of it; 
 i. e. I pt. is soluble in 156.25 pts. of this alcohol 
 at 15. It is easily soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
 II.) mono. Vid. EthylMucic Acid. 
 
 MUCATE of protoxide OF IRON. Permanent. 
 C w H g Fe 2 16 + 4 Aq Soluble in water. [Y.] 
 
 MUCATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) c, 2 H 8 Pb 2 18 + 2 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Scheele ; Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) One or two basic mucatesof lead are insol- 
 uble, or very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 MUCATE OF LEAD & OF PLUMBAMMONIUM. 
 C 12 H 8 Pb(NH 3 Pb)0 16 + 6Aq 
 
 MUCATE OF LIME. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 C 12 H 8 Ca-j 1C -I- 3 Aq Soluble in acetic acid. Very 
 sparingly soluble in mucic 
 acid. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 MUCATE OF LITHIA. Easily soluble in water. 
 (C. G. Gmelin.) 
 
 MUCATE OF MAGNESIA. Very sparingly sol- 
 C 12 H 8 Mg 2 18 4- 4 Aq uble in cold water. ( Tromms- 
 dorff.) 
 
 MUCATE OF MANGANESE. 
 MUCATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Insoluble 
 in water. (Burckhardt.) Nearly insoluble in 
 water. (Harff.) 
 
 MUCATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insoluble 
 in water, alcohol, or ether. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 MUCATE OF METHYL. Very readily soluble in 
 
 (Mutate of Melhylene.) boiling water. Sol- 
 
 C 16 H U 18 = C 12 H 8 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 16 uble in 210 pts. 
 
 of boiling alcohol. 
 
 (Malaguti.) 
 
 MUCATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 C 12 H 8 K 2 18 + Aq water ; soluble in 8 pts. of hot 
 water. (Scheele.) Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 II.) acid. More soluble in water than the nor- 
 C n H 9 K 16 -r 2 Aq mal salt. ( S. W. Johnson 
 Ann.Ch. u. PAarm., 94. 227.) 
 47 
 
 MUCATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 C lt H 8 Ag 2 16 sily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 MUCATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 122 pts. of water at 19 
 C 12 H 8 Na, 18 + 9 Aq (Malaguti); in 5 pts. of 
 boiling water. (Scheele.) 
 More soluble than mucate of potash. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. (S. W. Johnson, 
 
 C 12 H 9 Na 16 + 7 Aq loc. cit. ) 
 
 MUCATE OF SOLANIN. Keadily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 MUCATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in cold, 
 sparingly soluble in boiling water. (Tromms- 
 dorff.) 
 
 MUCATE OF ZINC. 
 
 MUCILAGES. Are distinguished from Gums, 
 
 Cj S H w 0, inasmuch as they merely swell up in 
 
 hot water, and do not dissolve therein. 
 
 MuciN(of De Saussure). Permanent. Soluble 
 in water, alcohol, acids, and a solution of caustic 
 potash. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 MucoViNic ACID. Vid. EthylMucic Acid. 
 
 Mucus. Swells up in water, but does not dis- 
 solve. 
 
 b.) (nasal.) Easily soluble in acids. 
 
 c.) (of the bile vesicle.) Soluble in water, when 
 heated to 210 in a sealed tube. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol, ether, or acids. Soluble in alkaline solu- 
 tions. 
 
 MuDARiN(from Calotropis Mudarii). Soluble 
 (Ma.da.rin.) in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether, or oils. (Duncan.) 
 
 MUREXAN. Vid. Dialuramid. 
 MUREXID. Vid. Purpurate of Ammonia. 
 
 MUREXOIN. Soluble in warm, less soluble in 
 CagHjjNmOjB cold water, and alcohol. (Roch- 
 
 leder.) 
 
 MURIATIC ACID. Vid. Chlorhydric Acid. 
 MYALDID. Vid. Hydride of Valeryl. 
 
 MYCOMELIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 8 H 4 N 4 4 + 2 Aq more soluble in warm water. 
 (Liebig & Wcehler.) More sol- 
 uble in a solution of uric acid than in water. In- 
 soluble in strong, somewhat soluble in dilute al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether. Easily soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash and ammonia. 
 Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric and chlor- 
 hydric acids, and in aqueous solutions of carbo- 
 nate and phosphate of soda. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 MYCOMELATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 MYCOMELATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 (Liebig & Wcehler.) 
 
 MYCOSE. Very easily soluble in water. 
 
 C H,0 1S Scarcely at all soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Boiling alcohol dissolves only l%of it. 
 
 MYLANILIN. Vid. AmylAnilin. 
 
 MYRICIN. Vid. Palmitate of Myricyl. 
 
 MYRICYL. Not isolated. 
 (Meryl.) 
 C-QO Hgj 
 
 MYRICYL(ZC)ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of My- 
 ricyl. 
 
 MYRISTIC AciD(Anhydrous). Saponified with 
 (Myristic Anhydride.) difficulty by boiling 
 
 C M H M 6 = J ? % i 2 CftUStic P tash - 
 
370 
 
 NAPHTHALIN. 
 
 MYRISTIC ACID. Entirely insoluble in water. 
 (Myristearic Acid. Kcadily soluble in boiling alco- 
 SericinicAcid.) ho]> and ether . sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold ether. Somewhat 
 more soluble than palmitic acid in alcohol. 
 (Heintz.) 
 
 MYRISTATE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 28 H 27 Ba 4 ble in water or alcohol. 
 
 MYRISTATE OF COPPER. 
 C 28 H 27 Cu 4 
 
 MYRISTATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 32 H 33 4 = C 28 H 27 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 Soluble in boiling, 
 but only very slight- 
 
 ly soluble in cold alcohol. Easily soluble in hot 
 ether. (Heintz.) 
 
 MYRISTATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Myristin. 
 
 MYRISTATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 C 28 H 27 Pb 4 
 MYRISTATE OF LIME. 
 MYRISTATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C 28 H 27 Mg 4 + 3 Aq 
 
 MYRISTATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in water, 
 C.J8 H 27 K 4 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 MYRISTATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 Cjjs H 27 Ag 4 Readily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 MYRISTICIN. Vid. Nutmeg- Camphor. 
 
 MYRISTIK. Soluble in all proportions in boil- 
 
 (Myristearin. Seriein. ing ether ; less sol- 
 
 MyrutateofGlyceryl.) uble in boiling ab- 
 
 l H 88 12 = C 6 H fl 3! 3 C M H^ O s ^j^ &}cohol . en . 
 
 tirely insoluble in water. 
 
 MYRISTOBENZOIC ACID. Vid. BenzoMyristic 
 Acid. 
 
 MYRISTONE. Soluble in boiling absolute al- 
 C64 H 542 cohol, and in ether. (Overbeck.) 
 
 MYROLIC ACID. Vid. Myronic Acid. 
 
 MYRONIC ACID. Soluble in-water, and alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. The myronates are all soluble 
 in water. (Bussy.) 
 
 MYRONATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 MYRONATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 MYRONATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 MYRONATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 MYRONATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Very 
 easily soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 spirit ; insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 MYRONATE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 MYRONATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 MYROSIN. Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Bussy.) 
 
 MYROXOCARPIN. Insoluble in water. Very 
 
 C 48 H s46 soluble in warm alcohol, and ether; 
 
 partially soluble in cold alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Insoluble in acids or in alkaline solutions. 
 
 (Stenhouse.) 
 
 MYRRH ( Gummy-resinous exudation of Balsam- 
 odenrlron myjra.) Partially soluble in water, alco- 
 hol, and ether. Sparingly soluble in a solution of 
 caustic potash. 
 
 N. 
 
 NAPELLIN. More soluble than aconitin in wa- 
 ter and dilute alcohol. Difficultly soluble in ether. 
 (IIuL'bschmann.) 
 
 NAPHTALIC ACID. Vid. Phtalic Acid. 
 
 (Rock- Oil.") 
 
 ( The more volatile portions of Petroleum.") 
 
 NAPHTAMEIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 (Oxynaphtylamine.') soluble in alcohol. Abundantly 
 C 20 H 8 N 2 soluble in ether. Soluble in 
 
 cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which solution it is rcprecipitated on 
 the addition of water. Soluble in concentrated 
 acetic acid ; this solution is miscible with water, 
 but is precipitated on the addition of sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, nitric, and oxalic acids ; by solutions 
 of ammonia, potash, soda, chloride of sodium, 
 chloride of ammonium, bichloride of platinum, 
 scsquichloride of iron, protochloride of mercury, 
 chloride of barium, sulphate of soda, sulphate of 
 magnesia, sulphate of protoxide of iron, nitrate of 
 baryta, nitrate of silver, ferro- and ferri-cyanide 
 of potassium, phosphate of soda, acetate of 
 lead, and oxalate of ammonia ; indeed, of all 
 the substances tried, tartaric acid was the only one 
 which did not precipitate the acetic acid solution 
 of naphtamein. Insoluble in aqueous solutions 
 of caustic potash or ammonia. (Piria, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 31. 252.) 
 
 NAPHTALIDAM. Vid. Naphtylamin. 
 
 NAPHTALIDAMIC CARBAMID. Vid. cft'Naphtyl- 
 Carbamid. 
 
 NAPHTALIDIN. Vid. Naphtylamin. 
 
 NAPHTASE. Vid. Naphthalase. 
 
 NAPHTENE. Unacted upon by chlorhydric, 
 C 18 H 18 sulphuric, or nitric acids. (Laurent.) 
 
 "NAPHTHA "(wood). Vid. Hydrate of Methyl. 
 
 NAPHTHA. Insoluble in water. Miscible in all 
 
 proportions 
 with abso- 
 lute alco- 
 hol, ether, and the fatty and volatile oils. Soluble 
 in 5 pts. of alcohol of 41 B. at 12, and in 8 pts. 
 of alcohol of 36 B. at 12. (Saussure.) Miscible 
 in all proportions with liquid carbonic acid. 
 (Thilorier.) Decomposed by warm concentrated 
 nitric and sulphuric acids. 
 
 But slightly attacked at first by hot concentrated 
 nitric acid, but when heated for some time there- 
 with it is decomposed. Neither concentrated 
 sulphuric nor chlorhydric acid exerts any action 
 upon it, nor is it attacked by a concentrated solu- 
 tion of potash. (Laurent.) 
 
 NAPHTHALAMID. Vid. Phtalamic Acid. 
 
 NAPHTHALASE. Soluble in water. Insoluble 
 (Naphtase.) in alcohol. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 C 20 H 7 0? ether. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 NAPHTHALAMID. Vid. Phtalimid. 
 
 NAPIITHALIN. Insoluble in cold water (Gar- 
 
 (Naphtalene. Hydride den) ; slightly soluble in 
 
 of Nophtyl of Kolbe.) boiling water, from which it 
 
 separates for the most part 
 
 on cooling. (Kidd.) Insoluble in aqueous alco- 
 hol. (Garden.) Soluble in alcohol, especially if 
 this be hot, from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. (Garden ; Reichenbach.) The 
 solution in 4 pts. of hot alcohol solidifies on cool- 
 ing. (Kidd.) Very rapidly soluble in ether, and 
 in bisulphide of carbon. (Reichenbach.) More 
 readily soluble in ether than in alcohol. (Kidd ; 
 Ure.) Soluble in oil of turpentine, the tempera- 
 ture falling 4.2, being the more soluble as the oil 
 is hotter. (Chamberlain.) Soluble in fatty and 
 essential oils. (Garden.) Gradually soluble in 
 creosote ; slowly in eupion, picamar, and cold 
 olive-oil. (Reichenbach.) Insoluble in aqueous 
 alkalies. (Garden ; Reichenbach.) It is not at- 
 tacked by concentrated acetic or oxalic acid. 
 
NARCEIN. 
 
 371 
 
 (Reichenbach.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 acetic, and oxalic acids, the warm saturated solu- 
 tion solidifying on cooling. (Garden; Kidd.) Very 
 slowly soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid 
 (Reichenbach) ; when the acid is gently warmed 
 it dissolves naphthalin with combination "(Faraday, 
 Berzelius), but on the addition of water-some un- 
 altered naphthalin is precipitated. (Berzelius.) 
 Unacted upon at first in the cold by strong nitric 
 acid (Laurent) ; but in the course of 5 or 6 days 
 nitronaphthalin is formed. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 31. 217, [Gm.]) ; it dissolves when the 
 liquid is warmed. (Garden.) 
 
 NAPHTHALOCYANIC ACID. Vid. Naphtoyl- 
 Carmamid. 
 
 NAPHTHESIC ACID. Very slightly soluble in 
 C 2o H sOa water. Soluble in alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONIC ACID. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 (SulphoNaphtulidamic Add. cold water, or in alco- 
 mic Acid.) hol Soluble in more 
 
 Aq 
 
 H 9 
 
 S 2 8 
 
 at the ordinary temperature ; more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Soluble, without decomposition, in 
 warm concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it 
 is precipitated on the addition of water. Insoluble 
 in boiling chlorhvdric acid. The salts of naph- 
 thionic acid are all soluble in water; many of them 
 are also soluble in alcohol. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 31. 222.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF ARGENTWAMMONIUM. Sol- 
 
 C H 8 (N, j " . H ) N S 2 6 + 2 Aq b 'e. in am- 
 
 monia-water. 
 (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in 
 water, especially if this is boiling. Very sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF COPPER. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble 
 C 20 II 8 Pb N S 2 8 + 2 Aq in water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF LIME. Very soluble in 
 C M H 8 Ca N S 2 6 + 8 Aq water. Almost insoluble 
 in cold, more soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 C 20 H 8 Mg N S 2 6 + 8 Aq & 10 Aq water, and in weak 
 
 alcohol. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in 
 
 C 20 H 8 K N S 2 O 6 water, and alcohol ; but very 
 
 sparingly soluble in these liquids 
 
 when they contain caustic potash in solution. 
 
 (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF SILVER. Somewhat solu- 
 C 20 H 8 Ag N S 2 + 2 Aq ble in water, especially 
 if it be warm. Soluble, 
 with combination, in ammonia-water. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF SODA. Very soluble in 
 
 C 20 II 8 Na N S 2 O a + 8 Aq water, and alcohol. In- 
 
 soluble in ether. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble either in aqueous or alcoholic 
 solutions of the alkalies. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHIONATE OF ZINC. Very soluble in 
 water. Soluble in absolute alcohol, especially if 
 it is warm. (Piria.) 
 
 NAPHTHULMIN. Insoluble in almost all sol- 
 
 C 20 n 6 4 vents, especially acids and alkalies. It 
 
 dissolves, however, in concentrated sul- 
 
 phuric acid, and is precipitated again unchanged 
 
 on the addition of water. (Schuetzenberger & 
 Willin.) 
 
 NAPHTOYLCARBAMID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Cyanate ofNaphtyl. Cyanate iff Naphtoyl. Very sol- 
 CarbonylNaphtoylatnid. Naphthalocyanic ,,K1/ 
 Atsul-\ uoit; in 
 
 Add.) 
 
 C HNO=Nl c 2?" .alcohol, 
 
 i C, H 7 and ether. 
 
 NAPHTOYLPHENYLSULPHOCARBAMID. Diffi- 
 (SulphoCarbonylPkenylNaphtoylbiamid.) cultly soluble 
 
 and ether. 
 
 NAPHTOYLSULPHOCARBAMID. 
 
 (NaphthaloSulphoCyanic Add. Sulpho- 
 Cyanide of Naphtoyl or of Naphthyl. 
 Sulpha CarbonylNaphtoylamid.) 
 C 22 U 7 NS 2 = N|^Y 
 
 ( ^20 "7 
 
 Insoluble in 
 water. Very 
 easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and 
 i 7 ether. 
 
 NAPHTYLAMIN. Almost insoluble in water. 
 (Naphtalidam. Naphtalidin.) (Zinin.) Very solu- 
 CjollgN = N \ H 2o H s" ble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. 
 Z)tNAFHTYLCARBAMiD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (CarboNaphtalid. Naph- Very slightly soluble 
 
 thalidamic Carbamid.) ^ boiling> ^ so j ub j e 
 
 C 42 H 16 N 2 2 = N 2 j (3j 2 H8 )2 in cold alcohol. Un- 
 acted upon by dilute 
 
 acids. Soluble, without decomposition, in an al- 
 coholic solution of caustic potash, from which it 
 is precipitated on the addition of water. (Delbos, 
 Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 21. 69.) 
 
 TTZ'NAPHTYLPHOSPHAMID. Readily decom- 
 
 (PhosphoryltriNaphthylteramid.) posed by hot water, 
 
 C M H 24 Ng P O, = N 3 1 ? c H ,i) or by boiling acids 
 
 it 20 &h or alkalies. (Schiff.) 
 
 .DlNAPHTYLScLPHOCARBAMID. Insoluble in 
 (NaphtalidamicCarbamideSulfurie.) water, alcohol, or 
 9.? s a". . bisulphide of car- 
 
 bon. Unacted 
 upon by dilute 
 acids. (Delbos, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 21. 71.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. 
 P 2 "' 
 3 C 10 H 7 
 H. 
 
 H N S 
 
 N 2 
 
 S 2 
 11 7 ) 2 
 
 c so H 24 N s p a = N s 
 
 NAPHTYLTHIOSINAMIN. 
 
 (AllylNaphthylSulphocarbamid. 
 SidphoCarbonylAllylNaphthylbiamid.') 
 
 {C 2 H " 
 CJjH 6 8 
 H 
 
 Soluble in acids, 
 wit j, decomposition. 
 (Schiff.) 
 
 Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Sparingly 
 ^^^ j n co ld, 
 more soluble in 
 boiling concen- 
 trated alcohol. 
 Sparingly soluble in ether. Soluble, without com- 
 bination or change in an alcoholic solution of 
 chlorhydric or sulphuric acid. 
 
 NAPHTYI/UREA. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 (CjO," water; more readily 
 
 CjjHu, N 2 2 = N 2 j C 20 H 7 so i u ble in ether. Very 
 
 ^ 8 easily soluble in alco- 
 
 hol. (Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 101. 90.) 
 
 NARCEIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, easily 
 CUH, a N0 1l( soluble in boiling water. (Ander- 
 son.) Soluble in 375 pts. of water 
 at 14, and in 230 pts. of boiling water; more 
 readily soluble in alcohol than narcotin. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Pelletier.) More readily soluble 
 in ammonia-water and weak alkaline solutions 
 than in pure water ; but is insoluble in concen- 
 trated potash-lye. (Anderson.) Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid, and in dilute acids, with combination. 
 Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. De- 
 composed by nitric acid. 
 
372 
 
 NITRACETONITRIL. 
 
 NARCiTix(from Narcissus poeticus). Deliqnes 
 cent. Easily soluble in water, alcohol, and acids 
 (Jourdain.) 
 
 NARCOTEIN. Easily soluble in water, and al 
 cohol, and in nitric and sulphuric acids. Diffi 
 cultly soluble in ether. (E. Marchand.) 
 
 NARCOTIN. Insoluble in cold, soluble in 7000 
 ( Opianin.) pts. of boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in 300 pts. of cold alcohol of 77% 
 " 128 " boiling " 
 " 60 " cold absolute alco- 
 hol. 
 
 " 12 " boiling absolute al- 
 cohol. (R. Brandes.) Soluble in 142 pts., or less 
 of alcohol at the ordinary temperature. (Bou- 
 chardat, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 225^ 227.) 
 Soluble in 33 pts. of cold, and in 19 pts. of boiling, 
 absolute ether (R. Brandes) ; in about 100 pts. ol 
 ether at the ordinary temperature. (Bouchardat, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 Insoluble in cold, soluble in 500 pts. of boiling 
 water. 
 
 Soluble in 100 pts. of cold alcohol. 
 " 24 " boiling " 
 " 100 " cold ether. 
 " 50 " boiling ether. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 
 37.17 pts. of it. (Michael Pettenkofer, Kopp 
 Will's J. B., fur 1858, p. 363.) 100 pts. of olive- 
 oil dissolve 0.25 pt. of it. (Pettenkofer, loc. cit.) 
 1 ounce of olive-oil dissolves 1.2 grains of it. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 397.) Soluble in the fatty 
 and essential oils ; also in cold acetic acid, from 
 which it separates out when the solution is evapo- 
 rated. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid ; 
 also in cold dilute nitric acid without decomposi- 
 tion, unless the solution is heated to 50. Easily 
 soluble in acids with combination. 
 
 Soluble, with combination, in alcohol acidulated 
 with chlorhydric acid ; also in water acidulated 
 with sulphuric or chlorhydric acid. (Bouchardat, 
 loc. cit., p. 224.) Soluble in warm iodic acid with- 
 out neutralizing it, and crystallizes out unchanged 
 when the solution is evaporated. (Serullas, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. 276.) Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, ammonia, or 
 lime, or of chloride of sodium. (Wittstock.) 
 Several of the salts of narcotin are soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. (Brandes.) 
 NELKENS^URE. Vid. Eugenic Acid. 
 NICCOLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 NICCOLATE OF AMMONIA with SULPHATE OF 
 N H 4 0, Ni ; N H 4 0, S 8 AMMONIA. Readily sol- 
 uble in water. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol, even when this is dilute. (Erd- 
 mann.) 
 
 NICCOLATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 NICCOLATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 NICCOLATE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 NICCOLATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 NICCOLATE OF POTASH. Insoluble in water. 
 (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 NICCOLATE OF SODA. Gives up soda to hot 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 NICCOLATE OF STRONTIA. Ppt. 
 NICKEL. Permanent. Slowly soluble in not 
 Ni too dilute chlorhydric acid, more readily in 
 hot than in cold. Hot dilute sulphuric acid 
 dissolves it with some difficulty. Much more 
 easily soluble in dilute nitric acid, but with con- 
 centrated nitric acid it behaves like iron. 
 
 ( Thought to be identical 
 with Malic Acid.) 
 C 6 H 2 6 , 2 H 
 
 NICOTIANIN. Soluble in water. (HermbstEedt.) 
 
 (Essence of Tobacco. Tobacco- Camphor.) Soluble in 
 C 4o H 32 N 2 8 = N 2 1 C 46 H 32 6 v. alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Ac- 
 
 cording to Hermbstsedt, no precipitate occurs when 
 water is added to the alcoholic solution, but, ac- 
 cording to Posselt & Reimann, a milkiness is pro- 
 duced. Not sensibly soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 Insoluble in cold, but soluble, with decomposition, 
 in hot nitric acid. (Posselt & Reimann.) Soluble 
 in potash-lye. (P. & R. ; and Barral.) 
 
 NICOTIC ACID. Readily soluble in water. 
 The potash and ammonia 
 salts are soluble in water. 
 The lead salt (2 Pb 0, C 8 
 H 2 6 ) is insoluble. (Barral.) 
 
 NICOTIN. Very hygroscopic. Soluble in all 
 
 n H N M *> tr H n proportions in water. 
 C zo H M N a _N 2 J(C 10 H 7 ') 2 [ B f rralj Ann Ch et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 20. 353; 
 
 Posselt & Reimann, and others.) With half its 
 volume or less of water, it forms (when it contains 
 resinous matter, according to Posselt & Reimann) 
 a clear mixture, which is rendered turbid on the 
 addition of more water. (Ortigosa.) Nicotin 
 itself dissolves a certain amount of water. Miscible 
 in all proportions with alcohol, and ether. (Pos- 
 selt & Reimann.) Ether abstracts it completely 
 from the aqueous solution. Soluble in about 40 
 pts. of oil of turpentine. Easily soluble in oil of 
 almonds, the solution giving up all its nicotin 
 when shaken with acetic acid. (Reimann.) Mis- 
 cible with olive-oil. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 417.) 
 Soluble in acids, with combination, forming salts 
 which are generally very soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol, but insoluble in ether. Many of them are 
 deliquescent. 
 
 NICOTIN with NITRATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) CJJO^NJ; AgO, NO S Somewhat soluble in 
 alcohol. (Wertheim.) 
 
 II.) 2C 20 H U N 2 ; AgO, NO 5 Somewhat soluble 
 in alcohol. (Wer- 
 theim. ) 
 
 NiGELLiN(from Nigella damascena). Easily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Reinsch.) 
 
 NIGRIC ACID. Insoluble in water, or ether. 
 C U H 7 7 +HO Easily soluble in alcohol. (Lee- 
 wig & Weidmann.) 
 
 NINAPHTHTLAMIN. Soluble in a mixture of 
 
 (NiNaphthyliftin. Isomeric alcohol and ether. (C. 
 
 with NitrosoNaphtylin.) c WnnrI \ 
 H X n FIWUU.J 
 
 H 8 ^2 "2 
 
 NITHIALIN. Almost completely insoluble in 
 C 18 H g N S 4 water. Very sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol. Almost entirely insoluble in 
 ether or chloroform. Very difficultly soluble in 
 acids, with the exception of concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, in which it dissolves readily ; from this solu- 
 tion itjs precipitated on the addition of water, 
 also completely by alkalies. Partially soluble, 
 with decomposition, in boiling concentrated pot- 
 ash-lye. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 117.) 
 
 NITRACETONITRIL. Not isolated. 
 Knalls(Bure(of Kefcule).) 
 4 H 2 N 2 4 = N{C 4 H 2 (N0 4 )< 
 
 NITRACETONITRIL with MERCURY. 
 
 NITRACETONITRIL with SlLVER. 
 ! 4 Ag 2 N s 4 = N C 4 Ag 2 (N 4 )"' 
 
NITRANISATES. 
 
 373 
 
 JerNiTRAcEToNiTRiL. Insoluble in water, by 
 
 r , which it is slowly de- 
 
 C, N 4 O u = N | C 4 (N 4 ) 8 ' composedj how J ever. 
 
 Soluble, with decom- 
 
 position, in alcohol. Soluble, without decompo- 
 sition, in absolute ether. Insoluble in cold con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Chichkoff, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 49. 319.) . 
 
 TerNiTRAcEToNiTRiL with SILVER. Readily 
 C 4 H, 4 N 10 Ag 2 O 26 soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 NITRACROL. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 JerNiTRAMARiN. Sparingly soluble in boiling 
 C 42 H 16 (N 4 ) 8 N 2 water. Soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold strong alcohol. 
 Its best solvent is a mixture of alcohol and ether, 
 in which it is very easily soluble. Its salts are 
 but sparingly soluble in water. (Bertagnini, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 33.480.) 
 
 NITRAMIDIN. Vid. Xyloidin. 
 
 .BrNiTRAMMONYL. Very soluble in water ; less 
 C 4 H 4 N 4 8 soluble in alcohol. Nearly insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 BiNiTRAMMONYL with SILVER. Sparingly 
 
 C 4 H 3 Ag N 4 8 soluble in cold, abundantly soluble 
 
 in hot water. (Schischkoff & Ros- 
 
 ing-) 
 
 NITRANILIC ACID. Vid. NitroSalicylic Acid. 
 
 NITRANILIN. There are two isomeric modi- 
 (NitroPhenylamin.) fications of Nitr- 
 
 C 13 H 8 N 2 4 = N | H 2 H * (N Ol) Anilin : 
 
 ,,.. ... j which is the " nitranilin " 
 o. Nitranilin j Qf Hofmann & M uspratt. 
 
 viz. and 
 
 ' 8 the nitraniliD f 
 
 p. Nitranilin 
 
 I.) AlphaNitrAnilin. ParaNitrAnilin. Almost in- 
 
 soluble in 
 
 cold, more soluble in boiling water. (Hofmann & 
 Muspratt.) Soluble in 600 pts. of water at 18.5 ; 
 much more soluble in boiling water. (Arppe, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 359.) Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Arppe, loc. cit.; also Hof- 
 mann & Muspratt.) Decomposed by nitric acid. 
 
 II.) Beta Nitranilin. Soluble in 1250 pts. of 
 water at 12.5, and in 45 
 
 pts. of boiling water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble in nitric acid, even concen- 
 trated, without alteration. It is also soluble in 
 chlorhydric and other acids, forming salts which 
 are decomposed by water. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 93. 361.) 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (BiNitroPhenylamin.) Cold, readily Solu- 
 
 C 12 H 6 N 3 8 - N j 12 HS ^ ^ 2 ble in boiling wa- 
 
 ter. Readily sol- 
 
 uble in hot alcohol ; also in a mixture of alcohol 
 and ether. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 TerNiTRANiLiN. Insoluble in water. Diffi- 
 (TerNitroPhenylamin. Picramid.) cultly soluble in 
 C 12 H 4 N 4 ]2 = N \ S 12 HZ ( N ^ 3 cold, tolerably 
 * * easily, soluble in 
 
 boiling alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in ether. 
 (Pisain.) 
 
 NITRANILINUREA. Vid. NitroPhenylCarba- 
 mid. 
 
 NITRANISIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Nitro Draconic Acid. cold, somewhat more solu- 
 &*it) le in boiling water. (Ca- 
 C 1B H 7 N0 10 hours.) Insoluble m wa- 
 
 ter. (Cahours, also in 
 
 Gmdin's Handbook.) Very sparingly soluble even 
 in warm water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, especially when these are warm. Moder- 
 ately soluble in hot alcohol, the solution solidifying 
 on cooling. Tolerably easily soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold nitric acid. Water precipitates it 
 from the nitric-acid solution. The alkaline salts 
 of nitranisic acid are soluble in water ; but those 
 of the other metallic oxides are only difficultly 
 soluble. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 
 C 16 H 6 Ba (N 4 ) 8 + 4 Aq in water. ( Cahours. ) 
 
 Nearly insoluble in cold, 
 
 much more soluble in boiling water. (Engel- 
 hardt. ) 
 
 NITRANISATE OF COBALT. Appears to be 
 somewhat soluble in water. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF COPPER(CU 0). Ppt. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 18 H 6 (C 4 H 6 ) (N 4 ) 6 Abundantly soluble in 
 warm, very much less sol- 
 uble in cold alcohol. Soluble in cold, and more 
 soluble in hot concentrated sulphuric acid ; from 
 the hot solution it separates out partially on cool- 
 ing, and entirely on the addition of water. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 502.) 
 
 NITRANISATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF LEAD. Somewhat soluble in 
 hot, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 16 H 8 Ca (N 4 ) 8 + 4 Aq water. (Cahonrs.) 
 
 .NITRANISATE OF MAGNESIA. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. (Cahours.) 
 NITRANISATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 NITRANISATE of protoxide OF MERCCRT. Ap- 
 pears to be somewhat soluble in water. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 (NitrAnisate of Methylene.) ter. Easily soluble in 
 GIB H 6 (C 2 H 8 ) (N OJ 8 warm, almost entirely 
 insoluble in cold, alco- 
 hol, or wood-spirit. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 14. 504.) Soluble in boiling ether. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF NICKEL. Appears to be 
 somewhat soluble in water. 
 
 NITRANISATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 C 16 H 6 K (N 4 ) 8 + 2 Aq water. Soluble in boil- 
 ing, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. 
 
 ' NITRANISATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 C 18 H 6 Ag (N 4 ) 6 
 
 NITRANISATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 C 18 H a Na (N 4 ) 6 + 2 Aq water. Soluble in hot, 
 less soluble m cold al- 
 cohol. (Engelhardt.) 
 
 NITRANISATE OF STRONTIA. Sparingly solu- 
 C 18 H 6 Sr(N0 4 )0 + 4Aq ble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 NITRANISATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 jTerNiTRANisic ACID. 
 C I6 H 5 N 3 18 
 
 TerNiTRANiSATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 TerNiTRANiSATE OF POTASH. 
 
874 
 
 NITRIC ACID. 
 
 Tl'/'NlTRANISATE OP SODA. 
 
 Per cent Per - cen ^ 
 
 
 Sp. gr. ftan of acid of 
 
 NITRANISATIC ACID. Vid. NitrAnisic Acid. 
 
 ' u s- 1.5 sp.gr. 
 
 NITRANISID. Vid. 6/NitrAnisoin. 
 
 1.3110 . . .42.241 ... 53 
 
 
 .3056 41.444 52 
 
 NITRANISIDIN. Vid. McthylNitroPhenidin. 
 
 .3001 40.647 51 
 
 BiNiTRANisoiN. Insoluble in water. (Kraut.) 
 
 .2947 39.850 50 
 
 (Nitranisid.) 
 
 .2887 39.053 49 
 
 C m ti. w (N 4 ) 2 2 
 
 .2826 38.256 48 
 
 NITRANISOL. Vid. NitroPhenate of Methyl. 
 
 .2765 37.459 47 
 .2705 36.662 46 
 
 NITRIC AciD(Anhydrous). Soluble in water, 
 
 .2644 35.865 45 
 
 N0 6 with evolution of heat. (H. Deville, Ann. 
 
 .2583 35.068 44 
 
 CL et Phys., (3.) 28. 249.) 
 
 .2523 34.271 43 
 
 NITRIC ACID. Absorbs water from the air. 
 
 .2462 33.474 42 
 
 N 5 , H Soluble in water, with evolution of 
 
 .2402 32.677 41 
 
 heat. Miscible with concentrated ace- 
 
 .2341 31.880 40 
 
 tic acid. 
 
 1.2277 31.083 39 
 
 All of its salts, excepting a few basic com- 
 pounds, are soluble in water ; many are soluble in 
 alcohol ; some are soluble in glycerin. 
 
 1.2212 30.286 38 
 1.2148 29.489 37 
 1.2084 28.692 36 
 1.2019 27.895 35 
 
 Amount of Anhydrous N Os, $r., in the aqueous 
 acid of various strengths. 
 
 1.1958 27.098 34 
 1.1895 26.301 33 
 
 _ . Per cent 
 
 1.1833 25.504 32 
 
 Sp- gr- of Vol. of acid of 
 
 1.1770 24.707 31 
 
 1.5 sp. gr. 
 
 1.1709 23.900 30 
 
 1.5000 . . . 79.700 ... 100 
 
 1.1648 23.113 29 
 
 1.4980 78.903 99 
 
 1.1587 22.316 28 
 
 .4960 78.106 98 
 
 1.1526 21.519 27 
 
 .4940 77.309 97 
 
 1.1465 20.722 26 
 
 .4910 76.512 96 
 
 .1403 19.925 25 
 
 .4880 75.715 95 
 
 .1345 19.128 24 
 
 .4850 74.918 94 
 
 .1286 18.331 23 
 
 .4820 74.121 93 
 
 .1227 17.534 22 
 
 1.4790 73.324 92 
 
 .1168 16.737 21 
 
 1.4760 72.527 91 
 
 .1109 15.940 20 
 
 1.4730 71.730 90 
 
 1.1051 15.143 19 
 
 1.4700 70.933 89 
 
 10993 14.346 18 
 
 1.4670 70.136 88 
 
 1.0935 13.549 17 
 
 1.4640 69.339 87 
 
 1.0878 12.752 16 
 
 1.4600 68.542 86 
 
 1.0821 11.955 15 
 
 1.4570 67.745 85 
 
 1.0764 11.158 H 
 
 1.4530 66.948 84 
 
 1.0708 10.361 13 
 
 1.4500 66.155 83 
 
 1.0651 9.564 12 
 
 1.4460 65.354 82 
 
 1.0595 8.767 11 
 
 1.4424 64.557 81 
 
 1.0540 7.970 10 
 
 1.4385 63.760 80 
 
 1.0485 7.173 
 
 1.4346 62.963 79 
 
 1.0430 6.376 
 
 1.4306 62.166 78 
 
 1.0375 5.579 7 
 
 1.4269 61.369 77 
 
 1.0320 4.782 6 
 
 1.4228 60.572 76 
 
 1.0267 3.985 5 
 
 1.4189 59.775 75 
 
 1.0212 3.188 4 
 
 1.4147 58.978 74 
 
 1.0159 2391 3 
 
 1.4107 58.181 
 
 1.0106 1.594 2 
 
 1.4065 57.384 72 
 
 1.0053 . . . 0.797 .... 1 
 
 1.4023 56.587 71 
 1.3978 55.790 70 
 
 (Ure, Schweiqger's J.filr Ch. u. Phys., 35. 446 ; 
 Gmelin's Handbook, 2. 395; Ure's Diet. Chem., 
 
 1.3945 54.993 69 
 
 London, 1823, p. 71.) 
 
 1.3882 54.196 68 
 
 
 1.3833 53.399 67 
 1.3783 52.602 66 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains per cent, Boilinsr- 
 tion of sp. gr. by weight, of anhy- point 
 (at 16.56) drous N O s . 
 
 1.3732 51.805 65 
 
 \ _ 
 
 
 175? . . .. 100 . . I .111 
 
 1.3681 51.068 64 
 1.3630 50211 63 
 1.3579 49.414 62 
 
 1 62 82.7 37.78? 
 1.54 72.5 79.44 
 
 1.3529 48.617 61 
 1.3477 47.820 60 
 
 1.50 68.0 98.89 
 1.45 58.4 115.56 
 
 1.3427 47.023 59 
 1.3376 46.226 58 
 1.3323 45.429 57 
 
 1.42 54.4 . 120 
 140 51.2 119.44 
 1.35 44.3 116.66 
 
 1.3270 44.632 56 
 
 1.30 37.4 113.33 
 
 1.3216 43.835 55 
 
 1.26 32.3 111.11 
 
 1.3163 43.038 54 
 
 1.22 .... 28.5 . . . 109.44 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 375 
 
 An aqueous Contains per cent, Roilino 
 solution of sp. by weight, of anhy- 
 gr. (at 16.66) drous N O 5 
 
 1.20 25.4 107.78 
 
 1.18 23.0 106.11 
 
 1.17 21.0 105 
 
 1.16 19.3 104.44 
 
 1.15 17.8 103.89 
 
 1.14 16.6 103.89 
 
 Results very different from these have been ob- 
 tained by other observers ; thus, in an acid of 1.298 
 sp. gr., Kirwan says the real acid is 36.75% ; Davy 
 says 48%, and Berthollet 32 or 33%. Dalton's 
 own experiments gave, for acid of 1.51 sp. gr., 
 67% of NO fi ; for acid of 1.42 sp. gr., 54%; for 
 acid of 1.35 sp. gr., 44.4%, and for acid of 1.315 
 sp. gr., 38.6%. (Kirwan & Dalton, in the lattcr's 
 New System, Ft. 2. pp. 355, 346, 349.) According 
 to Mitscherlich, the acid of 1.54 sp. gr. contains 
 88.82% of N 8 , that of 1.522 sp. gr., 86.17%, and 
 that of 1.4 sp. gr., 44%. 
 
 NITRATE OF ACETAMID. Soluble in water. 
 Tir 5C 4 H 3 O 2 HO NO (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 t H 5 Pharm., 103. 323.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ACETOSAMIN. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF ALANIN. Deliquesces in moist 
 C 6 H 7 N0 4 , HO,NO S air. Very easily soluble in 
 water ; less soluble in alco- 
 hol. .. 
 
 NITRATE OF ALANIN & SILVER. Soluble in 
 spirit. 
 
 NITRATE OF ALLTL & SILVER. Easily soluble 
 C 6 H B 0, Ag 0, N 6 in water and in hot alcohol. 
 Only slightly soluble in cold 
 alcohol, or in ether. Soluble, with decomposi- 
 tion, in ammonia-water. (Wertheim.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent, Very soluble in 
 A1 2 8) 3N O B + 18 Aq water, and alcohol. Soluble 
 in nitric acid. From solu- 
 tions of alumina in an excess of nitric acid a pre- 
 cipitate is gradually deposited, especially if the 
 solution is heated. After drying, this powder is 
 only partially soluble in boiling sulphuric, chlor- 
 hydric, or nitric acids. (Hollunder, Kastner's Ar- 
 chiv., 12. 424.) Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 water, and nitric acid. Melts in its water of 
 crystallization at 72.7, and the liquid may be 
 cooled to 64.2 ; it boils at 133.9. (Ordway, Am. 
 J. Set., (2.) 9. 33, & 27. 17.) Soluble in 1 pt. of 
 strong alcohol at 12.5. (Wenzel, in his Verwandt- 
 schaft, p. 300. [T.].) 
 
 II. ) basic. Basic nitrates of alumina containing 
 6 equivalents, or less, of base to one of acid may 
 be obtained soluble in water, and the aqueous so- 
 lution is not precipitated on the addition of me- 
 tallic chlorides or nitrates ; but the compounds 
 containing more than 6 equivalents of base are 
 insoluble in water. (Ordway, Am. J. Set., (2.) 
 26. 203.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMARIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 N J( C 1*H B ) 8 TTO NO boilin g' 1CSS Soluble in 
 
 N *jH 3 u ".HO,NO, cold water . (Laurent.) 
 Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. (Fownes.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMIDOBENZOIC ACID. Vid. Ni- 
 trate of Benzamic Acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF J/AMIDOBENZOIC ACID. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMELID & OP SILVER. Vid. 
 Nitrate of Argent- Ammelid. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMELIN. Partially decomposed 
 C 6 H 5 N 5 2 , H 0, N 5 by water. Soluble in water 
 acidulated with nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMELIN & SILVER. Vid. Ni- 
 trate of ArgentAmmelin. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMOLiN(of Unverdorben). Very 
 readily soluble in water, and alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 N H 4 0, N 5 ble in 0.50 1 2 pt. of water at 1 8. 1 2 ; or 
 100 pts. of water, at 18.12, dissolve 
 199.54 pts. of it, the aqueous solution saturated at 
 18.12 containing 66.57% of the salt. (Karsten, 
 Berlin Abhand/., 1840, p. 101.) 100 pts. of water, 
 at 10 dissolve 185 pts. of it. (Townsend Harris, 
 C. R., 1847, 24. 818.) A very considerable re- 
 duction of temperature occurs as it dissolves in 
 water. Much more soluble in hot than in cold 
 water. Soluble in 2 pts. of water, at 15.5, and in 
 0.5 pt. of boiling water. (Fourcroy, English 
 Trans., 3. 195. [T.].) Soluble in 1 pt. o^cold, 
 and in 0.5 pt. of boiling water; the saturated 
 cold solution contains 50% of it. (Fourcroy, 
 cited by Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. pp. 390, 
 291.) Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, and in 1 pt. of 
 boiling water ; the saturated cold solution con- 
 taining 33.33% of it and the boiling saturated so- 
 lution 50%. (M. R. & P.) Soluble in 0.5 pt. of 
 water at 18. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 304.) Solu- 
 ble in 2 pts. of water at 1 8.75. ( Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahres- 
 bericht,fur 1854, p. 76.) When treated with boil- 
 ing water some ammonia is evolved, and the solu- 
 tion exhibits an acid reaction. (Emmet, Am. J. 
 Sci., (1.) 18. pp. 255, 256.) The salt is liable to 
 form supersaturated solutions. (Ogden.) The 
 saturated aqueous solution boils at about 182. 
 (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 91.) 
 
 In a solution containing for The boiling- 
 100 pts. of water pts. ofcrys- point is ele- Difference, 
 tallized nitrate of ammonia. 
 0.0 .... 
 10.0 
 
 20.5 
 31.3 
 42.4 
 
 53.8 
 65.4 
 77.3 
 89.4 
 101.9 
 114.9 
 128.4 
 142.4 
 156.9 
 172.0 
 188.0 
 204.4 
 221.4 
 238.8 
 256.8 
 275.3 
 314.0 
 354.0 
 396.0 
 440.2 
 487.4 
 537.3 
 590.0 
 645.0 
 705.5 
 
 vated. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 22 
 24 
 26 
 28 
 30 
 32 
 34 
 36 
 38 
 
 10. 
 
 10.5 
 
 10.8 
 
 11.1 
 
 11.4 
 
 11.6 
 
 11.9 
 
 12.1 
 
 12.5 
 
 13.0 
 
 13.5 
 
 14.0 
 
 14.5 
 
 15.1 
 
 16.0 
 
 16.4 
 
 17.0 
 
 17.4 
 
 18.0 
 
 18.5 
 
 38.7 
 
 40.0 
 
 42.0 
 
 44.2 
 
 47.2 
 
 49.9 
 
 52.7 
 
 55.0 
 
 60.5 
 
376 
 
 NITRATES- 
 
 In a solution containing for The boiling- 
 
 100 pts. of water pts. of crys- point is ele- Difference. 
 
 tallized nitrate of ammonia. rated. 
 
 770.5 
 
 840.6 
 
 915.5 
 
 995.5 
 
 1081.5 
 
 1173.5 
 
 1273.0 
 
 1383.0 
 
 1504.0 
 
 1637.0 
 
 1775.0 
 
 1923.0 
 
 2084.0 
 
 00 
 
 40 
 42 
 44 
 46 
 48 
 50 
 52 
 54 
 56 
 58 
 60 
 62 
 64 
 80 
 
 65.0 
 70.1 
 74.9 
 80.0 
 86.0 
 92.0 
 99.5 
 
 110. 
 
 121. 
 
 133. 
 
 136. 
 
 148. 
 
 161. 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 100. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 435.) Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Wittstein.) Soluble in 1.121 pts. of strong boil- 
 ing alcohol. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, 
 p. 300. [T.]). Soluble in 2.293 pts. of alcohol of 
 66.8% at 25, i. e. 100 pts. of this alcohol dissolve 
 43.61 pts. of the salt at 25. (Pohl, Wien. Akad. 
 Bericht, Q. 599.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of 
 nitrate of potash without causing any precipitation 
 of the latter. A solution of the same sp. gr. as 
 the above is obtained when a mixture of the two 
 salts is digested with water at the same tempera- 
 ature. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 113.) 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of soda, 
 the latter salt being precipitated meanwhile, until 
 a certain definite limit is attained. (Karsten, 
 Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 114.) Soluble in a satu- 
 rated solution of nitrate of lead. (Karsten, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 When chloride of ammonium is added to- a 
 saturated solution of nitrate of ammonia it dis- 
 solves, while nitrate of ammonia is precipitated. 
 This reaction continues until a certain definite 
 equilibrium is attained. The mixed solution thus 
 obtained is identical with that prepared by treating 
 a mixture of the two salts with water. (Karsten, 
 loc. cit., 1840, p. 110.) Soluble in a saturated so- 
 lution of chloride of potassium, while N H4 Cl 
 separates out. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 131.) Nitrate 
 of ammonia is also soluble in a saturated solution 
 of chloride of sodium, at first without occasioning 
 any precipitation, but subsequently chloride of 
 ammonium is precipitated. (Karsten, loc. cit., 
 p. 123.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF COBALT. Per- 
 manent. Soluble in water. (P. The'nard.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 I.) N H 4 0, N 3 ; Cu 0, N 8 Very easily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in warm, less soluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 N H 4 O, N 5 ; Mg 0, N Os Slowly deliquescent. 
 
 Soluble in 10 [11 in T., 
 
 & in Berzelius's Lehrb.] pts. of water at 12.5 ; and 
 in much less hot water. (Fourcroy.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF <#MERCUR(ZC)- 
 
 AMMONIUM &prOfOXIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) NH 4 0,N0 5 ;N J& [o,2HgO,N0 5 S P ar ' 
 
 mgly 
 
 soluble in nitric acid. Insoluble in sulphuric acid, 
 or in aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia or 
 potash. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 II.) 2NH 4 0,NO B ; N 
 2 Hg 0, N 6 + 2 Aq 
 
 Decomposed by 
 water. (Kane.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & dznoxiDE OF MER- 
 CURY. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble in water ; soluble in 
 nitric acid. 
 
 II.) basic. Vid. Nitrate of Mercur(ous) Ammo- 
 nium with eftnoxide of Mercury. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF NICKEL. Solu- 
 ble in 3 pts. of water. (Thenard.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & NICKELAMMO- 
 NIUM. 
 
 I.) basic. Efflorescent, with decomposition. 
 N \ H. , N H 4 0, N 6 Readily soluble in cold 
 water ; the solution un- 
 dergoing decomposition when boiled. Somewhat 
 soluble in dilute alcohol. (Erdmann.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF OS- 
 MIUM. Sparingly soluble in cold, more soluble 
 in hot water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water, or in boiling ammonia- 
 water. Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. Solu- 
 ble in hot, insoluble in cold, nitric acid. (Fisher.) 
 
 II.) Easily soluble in water, ammonia-water, 
 and nitric acid. Insoluble in alcohol. (Fischer.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & SILVER. V^ry sol- 
 8 N H 4 0, Ag 0, N B uble in water. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIA & OF binoxide OF TIN ? 
 The presence of nitrate of ammonia increases the 
 solubility of oxide of tin in nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIO!RIDIUM. Tolerably 
 5 N H 3 . Ir 2 3 , 3 N 5 easily soluble in water. 
 (Claus, Beitrage,p. 91.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIORHODIUM. Tolerably 
 5 N H 3 . Rh 2 O 3 , 3 N Og easily soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Claus, 
 Beitrage, p. 89.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIUMCHLORPLATIN(OMS)- 
 (Nitrate of Gros's (and of Raewsky's AMMONIUM. Ea- 
 sily soluble in 
 water, especially 
 
 . when this is 
 
 (NH 4 heated. Insolu- 
 
 ble in nitric acid. 
 (Gros, Ann. der Pkarm., 1838, 27. 246.) 
 
 NITRATE OF AMMONIUMCHLOKPLATIN(OMS)- 
 
 (Nitrate of Raewsky's \stBase. AMMO- 
 
 SesquiMorhydronitrate de diplali- e 
 
 VMMMfrf Gerhardt). ) NI U M & 
 
 -<'N H PtCIO 
 _ N 2 H 6 Pt ,10, 
 
 N B " = N Pt 2 Cl . 0, N 5 
 
 Hj ( H 2 
 
 Pt Cl. 0, N O 6 ; N j Pt 0. O, N O s 
 
 H 
 
 
 M o - 
 N j p M - 
 
 PLATIN(OUS)AMMONIUM. Soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold water. Unacted upon by dilute 
 sulphuric acid. (Raewsky.) 
 
 NITRATE & OXALATE OF AMMONIUM()XY- 
 PLATIN(OUS) AMMONIUM. 
 
 Separates from 
 the nitric-acid 
 solution of 
 
 I.) N 4 H w Pt,0 4 ,2NO fi) C 4 6 = 
 / \H 2 
 IN < Pt 0, 
 
 , V 2 N B , C 4 6 
 II.) N 4 H 12 Pt 2 4 , NO B , C 4 6 
 
 (( U 2 \ 
 
 N ) Pt o, o ) : 
 ( N H 4 / 
 
 I N OB, C 4 8 
 
 (Sesquinitro-oxalate de diplatinamine 
 (of Gerhardt).) 
 
 No. II. 
 
 Insoluble in 
 water. (Ger- 
 hardt.) 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 377 
 
 NITRATE OF AMYL. Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 (AmylNitric Ether. ing water. Soluble 
 
 Nitrate of Amylene.) alcohol and ethpr 
 
 C 10 H u N 6 = C 10 H u O, N water reciitates it 
 from the alcoholic solution. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 23. 376.) 
 
 NITRATE OF teirAMYLAMMONiuM. 
 
 NITRATE OF AMYLSTRYCHNINE. Soluble in 
 C 42 H 2 , (C 10 H u ) N, 4 , H 0, N 5 + 11 Aq boiling, but 
 
 very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water. More soluble than 
 the nitrate of ethylstrychnine in boiling water. 
 
 NITRATE OF ANILIN. Permanent. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. De- 
 composes readily. Soluble in alcohol. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 346.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ANISAMIC ACID. Abundantly 
 N j C 19 H 7 4 H 0, N O s soluble in boiling 
 
 ( H 2 water, and alcohol. 
 
 Much less soluble in these liquids when they con- 
 tain free nitric acid. Soluble in hot, less soluble 
 in cold nitric acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 53.345.). 
 
 NITRATE OF ANTHRANILIC ACID. Easily sol- 
 C 14 H, N 4 . HO,N O s uble in boiling spirit. 
 (Kubel.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ANTIMONY. Decomposed by 
 2 Sb 3 , N 8 cold water. (Bucholz.) The aque- 
 ous solution saturated at 10 con- 
 tains 30.4% of it. (Eller, cited by Hassenfratz, 
 Ann. de Chim., 38. 291.) Soluble in strong, less 
 soluble in dilute nitric acid. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 2O. 288.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ARGENT&Z'AMIN. Easily soluble 
 (AmmonioNitrate of Silver.) in water. (Mitscher- 
 N { H 6 . Ag 0, N O s lich.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ARGENTterAMiN. Completely sol- 
 N \n . AgO.NO uble in water. (H.Rose.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ARGENTAMMELID. Soluble for 
 C 6 H 3 Ag N 4 4 , H 0, N O s the most part in water, 
 though with partial de- 
 composition, and separation of some ammelid. 
 (Knapp, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 254.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ARGKNTAMMELIN. Ppt. Soluble 
 C 6 H 4 Ag N B 2 , H 0, N 5 in boiling water. 
 
 NITRATE OF ARSENC&ETHYL. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF ARSENM'ETHYL. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 89. 330.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ARSENMETHYLAMYLIUM. 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 (C 10 H n ) 2 As 0, N O s 
 
 NITRATE OF ARSENMETHYLETHYLIUM. Very 
 (C 2 II 3 ) 2 (C 4 H 5 ) 2 As O, N 5 deliquescent. Soluble 
 in water. (Cahours & 
 Riche.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ARSENMETHYLIUM. Deliques- 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 4 As 0, N O s cent. Very soluble in water. 
 (Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ASPARAGIN. Permanent Solu- 
 C 8 H g N 2 6 , H 0, N 5 ble in water. (Dessaignes, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 
 152.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ASPARAGIN & SILVER with Ni- 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 6 , Ag 0, N B ; Ag 0, N OB TRA.TE OF SlL- 
 
 VER. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 48 
 
 NITRATE OF ASPARTIC ACID. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF ATROPIN. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Some- 
 
 Ba O, N O s what difficultly soluble in water, with 
 
 slight reduction of temperature ; being 
 
 the least soluble of any of the normal metallic 
 
 nitrates. 
 
 Soluble in 20 pts. of water at 
 " 12.5 15 
 
 5.9 " 49 
 
 " 3.4 " 86 
 
 " 2.8 " 101.6 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, cited in Gmelin's Handbook.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 5.00 pts. of it. 
 
 14.95 
 17.62 
 37.87 
 49.22 
 52.11 
 73.75 
 86.21 
 101.65 
 
 8.18 
 8.54 
 13.67 
 17.07 
 17.97 
 25.01 
 29.57 
 35.18 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 11. 313.) 
 
 From Gay-Lussac 's experiments Nos. 1, 3, 6, 
 and 9 in the table, Kopp deduces the following 
 formula : 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve of the salt, parts = 
 5.00 + 0.17179 T + 0.0017406 T 2 
 0.0000050035 T 3 
 
 By direct experiment Gay- 
 Lussac found that 100 pts. 
 of water dissolved of the 
 salt at 
 
 By calculation from the 
 
 above formula, 100 pts. 
 
 of water should dissolve 
 
 of the salt 
 
 . . 5.00 pts. . . . 5.00 pts. 
 14.95 8.18 7.94 
 
 17.62 8.54 8.54 
 
 37.87 13.67 13.73 
 
 49.22 17.07 17.08 
 
 52.11 17.97 17.97 
 
 73.75 25.01 25.13 
 
 86.21 29.57 29.54 
 
 101.65 . 35.18 .... 35.18 
 By direct experiment Kopp found that 100 pts. of 
 water dissolved 9.10 pts. of the salt at 19.3, while 
 by the formula 8.9 pts. should have been dissolved. 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 262.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 20 is of 1.0678 
 sp. gr. It contains 7.896% of the salt, i. e. 100 
 pts. of water at 20 dissolve 8.57 pts. of the salt, or 
 1 pt. of it is soluble in 11.67 pts. of water at 20. 
 (Karsten, Berlin AbhandL, 1840, p. 101.) 100 pts. 
 of the aqueous solution saturated at its boiling- 
 point (101.1) contain 26.5 pts. of the dry salt, or 
 100 pts. of water at 101.1 dissolve 36.054 pts. of 
 it or 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 2.773 pts. of 
 water at 101.1. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 
 18. 90.) Soluble in 12 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from CEsterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 
 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 12.5 contains 
 6.5% of it. (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 
 291.) The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.063977 sp. gr., and contains in every 100 pts. of 
 water at least 7.94 pts. of it. (Michel & Krafft, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) The 
 saturated aqueous solution boils at 102.5. (Kre- 
 mers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43.) 
 
378 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 
 of sp. gr., at 19.5 
 
 (sp. gr. of water at 
 
 19.5 = 1) 
 
 1.0145 . . 
 
 1.0292 
 
 1.0436 
 
 1.0593 
 
 1.0707 
 
 Contains 
 
 Per cent of Pts. of BaO, N O 5 
 Ba 0, N 6 dissolved in 100 
 
 pts. of water. 
 
 1.768 
 3.503 
 5.186 
 6.959 
 . 8.265 
 
 1.80 
 3.63 
 5.47 
 7.48 
 9.01 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 121. The second col- 
 umn is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlasungen, 
 
 p. 35.) 
 
 A solution of 
 sp.gr., at 12.5 
 
 Contains of 
 
 Ba 0, N B 
 
 per cent. 
 
 1.0062 1 
 
 1.0123 2 
 
 1.0185 3 
 
 1.0250 4 
 
 1.0320 5 
 
 1.0409 6 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 300.) Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Soluble in 
 alcohol. (Schnbarth's Tech. Chem.) Somewhat 
 soluble in spirit. (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 Much less soluble in water acidulated with 
 nitric or chlorhydric acid than in pure water. 
 Entirely insoluble in concentrated nitric acid. 
 (Mitscherlich; Braconnot; compare Wacken- 
 roder, Ann. Ch. u. P/iarm., 41. 318.) Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in strong nitric or chlorhydric acid. 
 (H. Wurtz, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 25. 376.) Almost 
 entirely insoluble in strong nitric acid. (H. Wurtz, 
 Rid., (2.) 26. 188.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of potash, without occasioning any precipitation at 
 first, but crystals of a double salt (K O, NO B ; BaO, 
 N O 5 ) soon separate out. After this precipitation 
 has ceased, and all the nitrate of baryta which can 
 enter into solution has been dissolved, the solution 
 is of 1.239 sp. gr., and contains 16.82% of the 
 mixed salts. 100 pts. of water have consequently 
 dissolved 20.22 pts. of mixed salt; namely, 6.91 
 pts. of nitrate of baryta and 13.31 pts. of nitrate 
 of potash. Saturated solutions of nitrate of pot- 
 ash and of nitrate of baryta may be mixed in any 
 proportion without causing the formation of any 
 precipitate. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, 
 p. 126.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in a saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion of nitrate of soda, without causing any pre- 
 cipitation of the latter. The solution thus ob- 
 tained at 18.75 contains 47.95% of mixed salt. 
 Or 100 pts. of water dissolve 92.15 pts. of mixed 
 salt ; viz. 88.26 pts. of Na O, N Os, and 3 89 pts. 
 of Ba O, N O 8 . A solution identical with the 
 above is obtained when a mixture of the two salts 
 is digested with water. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 111.) For the solubility of mixed nitrates 
 of baryta and potash, and of baryta and soda, see 
 also the nitrates of potash and of soda. Very 
 sparingly and slowly soluble in a saturated solu- 
 tion of nitrate of lead without causing the precipi- 
 tation of any of the latter. A solution of similar 
 sp. gr. with the above may be obtained by digest- 
 ing a mixture of the two salts with water. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 113.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium ; the solution thus prepared at 
 18.75 contains 35.4 pts. of mixed salt. 100 pts. 
 of water dissolve, therefore, 54.74 pts. of mixed 
 salt ; viz. 16.73 pts. of Ba O, N O 5 and 38.04 pts. 
 N H 4 Cl. This solution is of different composi- 
 tion from that prepared at 18.75, by treating a 
 mixture of the two salts with water. This last 
 
 contains 35.98% of mixed salts. 100 pts. water 
 dissolve, therefore, 56.2 pts. mixed salt, viz. 
 17.02 pts. Ba O, N 5 and 39.18 pts. N H 4 Cl. 
 (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 119.) When 
 chloride of ammonium is added to a saturated 
 aqueous solution of nitrate of baryta it dissolves, 
 while nitrate of baryta is precipitated. This re- 
 action goes on until the amounts of the two salts 
 dissolved have attained a certain definite equi- 
 librium, the mixed solution thus obtained being 
 identical with that formed when a mixture of the 
 two salts is treated with water. (Karsten, Berlin 
 Abhandl., 1840, p. 110.) Soluble in saturated 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of barium and of 
 chloride of sodium. (Karsten, loc. cit.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Ba O, N OB, in aque- 
 ous solution, is mixed with a solution of an equiva- 
 lent of acetate of lead (C 4 H 8 Pb 0*) -ffc of it 
 are decomposed to nitrate of lead, which may he 
 precipitated by adding alcohol, while -ffo of it re- 
 main unchanged ; when mixed with a solution of 
 an equivalent of acetate of potash (C 4 H s K O 4 ) 
 27 of it are decomposed as before, while -^fo 
 of it remain unchanged ; (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) When mixed with a 
 solution of an equivalent of oxide of potassium 
 (K O), T ^j- of it are decomposed. (Ibid., p. 204.) 
 
 NITRATE OF BARYTA & ofdinoxide OF MER- 
 
 2 (Ba O, N O ); 2 Hg 2 0, N 5 CURT. Decomposed 
 
 by water. Soluble in 
 
 hot dilute nitric acid, and in a hot aqueous solu- 
 tion of nitrate of dinoxide of mercury, separating 
 out unchanged in both cases as the solution cools. 
 (Stsedeler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 130.) 
 
 NITRATE OF BARYTA & OF POTASH. 
 
 NITRATE OF BARYTA with CPHOSPHATE OF 
 BARYTA. Insoluble in cold, decomposed by boil- 
 ing water. (Berzelius, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1816, 
 53. 409.) 
 
 NITRATE OF BENZAMATE OF ETHYL. Soluble 
 
 ( C 14 H 5 2 in all 
 
 C 18 H, 2 N 2 10 = N j C 4 H 5 . 2> H 0, N 6 propor . 
 
 tions in 
 
 water, and alcohol. Also easily soluble in ether. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 330.) 
 
 NITRATE OF BENZAMIC ACID. Permanent. 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 10 = C M H 7 N 4 , H O, N B Easily soluble 
 
 in hot water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF BENZIDIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF BERBERIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 42 H 19 N 10 , H 0, N Og cold water. 
 
 NITRATE OF BISMETHYL. Vid. Nitrate of 
 BismuthEthyl. 
 
 NITRATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = Bi 8 , N OB + Aq Very slightly, if at all 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Submtrate of bismuth when recently precipitated 
 and still moist, but not when air-dried, nor that 
 sold in the shops, is readily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 98, 335), a very free 
 evolution of ammonia occurring when the mixture 
 is boiled. (L. Thompson, Ibid., p. 179.) It is not 
 soluble in a solution of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, 
 Ibid., p. 98.) 
 
 b = Bi 0, N 6 + 2 Aq When freshly precipitated 
 it is somewhat freely sol- 
 uble in water, especially if this be acidulated with 
 nitric acid. 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 379 
 
 II.) sesrjui. Water abstracts nitric acid, ren- 
 2mo s , 3 N 5 deriag it more basic. (Graham.) 
 
 III.) ter or normal. Permanent. Water dis- 
 Bi O 3 , 3 N 5 + 10 Aq solves it only partially with 
 decomposition. 
 
 Only slightly soluble in water. (Braconnot.) 
 Soluble in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 When treated even with the least possible 
 amount of water it is decomposed, with separa- 
 tion of a basic salt. Only when a slight excess of 
 nitric acid is present can this decomposition be 
 prevented. In this case the salt dissolves com- 
 pletely in a great excess of water, but if the 
 mother liquor be poured off from the basic salt 
 which first separates on the addition of a certain 
 portion of water, it can no longer be completely 
 dissolved, although by repeated washing with 
 water traces of nitric acid and oxide of bismuth 
 are removed. When the neutral salt is decom- 
 posed by water, no acid salt, but only free nitric 
 acid containing traces of oxide of bismuth re- 
 mains in solution. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 
 pp. 145, 140.) Insoluble as a whole in water, and 
 is decomposed when one attempts to melt it in its 
 water of crystallization, being resolved into a clear 
 liquid, and an opaque solid, when heated to 74 ; 
 this mixture has been cooled to 68.3, but on stir- 
 ring it solidified, while the temperature rose to 
 74. (Ordway, Am. J. Set., (2.) 27. 19.) Melts 
 partially at about 26 in its water of crystallization, 
 while a portion remains unmelted. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 782.) If acetic acid is added to an acid 
 solution of nitrate of bismuth, the solution will no 
 longer be precipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 IV.) 5 Bi O a , 4 N 5 + 9 Aq Not sensibly soluble 
 in water ; by which, 
 
 however, some of the nitric acid is abstracted from 
 it. In water which contains a small portion of 
 nitric acid it may be entirely dissolved. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 145.) 
 
 V.) Bi0 3 , 12 N O 5 Soluble, without turbidity, in 
 water. (Duflos.) 
 
 NITRATE OF BISMUTHETHYL. When recently 
 
 (Nitrate of BismEthyl.) prepared it is completely 
 
 C 4 H, Bi 2 , 2 N 5 soluble in water ; but after 
 
 having been kept for some 
 
 time it is only partially soluble in water, a basic 
 salt remaining undissolved. Soluble in nitric 
 acid, the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 evaporated. 
 
 NITRATE OF sesgroBROMoCiNCHONix. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water, and alcohol. (Laurent, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 312.) 
 
 NITRATE OP BRUCIN. 
 
 I.) "normal." Exceedingly soluble in water. 
 More soluble in water than nitrate of strychnine. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 410.) 
 
 II.) "acid." Less soluble in water than the 
 C 46 Hjg N 2 8 , H O, N O B + 4 Aq corresp ending 
 
 salt of strych- 
 nine. 
 
 NITRATE OF BUTYL. Insoluble, or nearly in- 
 (Nitrate nf Tetryl.) soluble in water. 
 
 C 8 H 9 O, N 5 
 
 NITRATE OF CACODYL. 
 
 NITRATE OF CACOTHELIN. " Decomposed by 
 water ? " Soluble in nitric acid. (Strecker.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CADMIUM. Deliquescent. Read- 
 Cdo,N0 5 +4Aq ily soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Children.) Melts in its 
 water of crystallization at 59.4, and the liquid 
 has been cooled to 32.7 before beginning to crys- 
 
 tallize ; it boils at about 132.2. On* continued 
 boiling the liquid remains thin and clear, until 
 nearly 3 equivs. of water have been expelled. 
 When all the water has been driven off, a small 
 portion of the dry mass is insoluble in water. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 19.) Almost en- 
 tirely insoluble in strong nitric acid. (H. Wurtz.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CAFFEIN. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in ether. Soluble in nitric acid. (Herzog.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CAPRYL. Vid. Nitrate of Octyl. 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Readily 
 
 CeO,NO 6 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) Solu- 
 
 ble in 2 pts. of alcohol. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 NITRATE of sesquioxide OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Ce 2 3 , 3N0 5 (Dumas, Jr.) The presence of a 
 basic salt or of an alkali favors the 
 solution of sesquioxide of cerium in nitric acid ; 
 the presence of Lanthanum also seems to increase 
 this solubility. (Mosander.) 
 
 II.) basic. The basic compounds containing 
 6 equivalents, or less, of base may be obtained 
 soluble in water ; those containing more than six 
 equivalents of base are insoluble. (Ordway, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 26. 205.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CETYI<ANILIN. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF CHELIDONIN. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 29. 127.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CHLORANILIN. Very soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF fo'CHix>RCiNCHONiN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Laurent, 4 nn - &* et Phy s -> 
 (3.) 24. 305.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CHLORONITROHARMIN. 
 
 NITRATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) normal or ter. Easily soluble in water. 
 Cr 2 O 8 , 3 N 6 + 18 Aq (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Melts 
 in its water of crystalliza- 
 tion at about 36.6, and this solution has been 
 cooled to 20 ; it boils at 125.6. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Sci., 1859, (2.) 27. 17.) 
 
 II.) bi. Readily soluble in water. (Ordway, 
 Cr 2 3 , 2 N O s + 12 Aq Am. J. Sci., 1858, (2.) 26. 
 203.) 
 
 III.) polybasic. An aqueous solution of normal 
 nitrate of sesquioxide of chromium can dissolve 
 enough sesqnioxide of chromium to become octo- 
 basic ; beyond this the solution does not remain 
 perfectly transparent, and it is not easy to deter- 
 mine the exact limit which can be attained. By 
 gradually neutralizing the solution of nitrate of 
 chrome with an alkali, more than two thirds of the 
 acid may be withdrawn without any loss of trans- 
 parency. (Ordway, Am. J. Set., 1858, (2.) 26. 
 202.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Wittstein). 
 
 a ) normal. Soluble in 73 pts. of cold, and in 
 N 2 {c 86 H 20 ( V .,HO,N0 6 + 8Aq * 
 
 b.) acid. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) NITRATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). 
 Easily soluble in water. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 82. 158.) 
 
 NITRATE OF oCiNCHONiN. Readily soluble in 
 C w H M N 2 2 , H 0, N 5 + 2 Aq water. 
 
 NITRATE OF (SCiNCHONiN. Permanent. Tol- 
 erably easily soluble in water, and alcohol. (W. 
 Schwabe, Kopp & Will's J. B.,fur 1860, p. 364.) 
 
380 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 NITRATE OP CINNAMOYL. Vid. Nitrate of 
 Hydride of Cinnamyl. 
 
 NITRATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquesces in moist air. Easily 
 Co 0, N O 6 + 2 Aq soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of strong alco- 
 hol at 12.5. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 
 300 [T.].) Co O, N Os + 6 Aq melts in its water 
 of crystallization at about the same temperature 
 as the corresponding nickel salt, q. v., and the 
 solution boils at about the same temperature as 
 that of the latter. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 
 17.) 
 
 II.) hexa. Insoluble in water. (Winkelblech.) 
 6 Co 0, N OB + 5 Aq Soluble in cold chlorhydric, 
 and nitric acids. Decomposed 
 by a boiling solution of caustic potash. 
 
 NITRATE of sesquioxide OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Beetz.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CoBALTferAMiN. Immediately 
 (jlmmonioifitrate of Cobalt.) decomposed by water, 
 N 3 j H 9 . Co 0, N OB -t- 2 Aq with separation of an 
 or 3 N H 3 . Co 0, N 8 + 2 Aq insoluble subnitrate of 
 cobalt, which subse- 
 quently dissolves in the ammoniacal liquor, which 
 also results from the decomposition. (Fremy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 266.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CODEIN. Easily soluble in boil- 
 Cj,, H 21 N 6 , H 0, N O 5 ing, less soluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF CONIIN. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF COPPEK. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a =cu 0, N 5 Keadily soluble in water. The 
 aqueous solution saturated at 
 12.5 contains 56.6% of it. (Hassenfratz, Ann. de 
 Chim., 28. 291.) The saturated aqueous solution 
 boils at about 173. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 
 1825, 18. 91.) 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains An aqueous solu- Contains 
 tionofsp.gr. percent tionofsp.gr. percent 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 1.0059 
 
 1.0119 
 
 1.0192 
 
 1.0252 
 
 1.0320 
 
 1.0390 
 
 1.0457 
 
 1.0526 
 
 1.0592 
 
 1.0655 
 
 1.0778 
 
 1.0918 
 
 1.1060 
 
 1.1201 
 
 1.1350 
 
 1.1521 
 
 1.1716 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 301.) 
 Soluble in moderately concentrated nitric acid ; 
 but it is precipitated from the aqueous solution on 
 the addition of nitric acid of 1.512 sp. gr. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) Soluble in 1 pt. of strong alcohol at 
 12.5. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 300. 
 [T.].) Very soluble in alcohol. (Wittstein's 
 Handw. ; Dumas, Tr. ) Soluble, to a consider- 
 able extent, in alcohol. (Gmelin.) 
 
 b = terhydrated. Crystallizes at temperatures 
 
 Cu 0, N 6 + 3 Aq above 26.4. Permanent. Melts 
 
 in its water of crystallization at 
 
 of the salt. 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 of the salt. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1.1915 . 
 
 . . 26 
 
 2 
 
 1.2117 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 1.2320 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 1.2513 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 1.2712 
 
 34 
 
 6 
 
 1.2912 
 
 36 
 
 7 
 
 1.3113 
 
 38 
 
 8 
 
 1.3320 
 
 40 
 
 9 
 
 1.3533 
 
 42 
 
 10 
 
 1.3749 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1.3978 
 
 46 
 
 14 
 
 1.4206 
 
 48 
 
 16 
 
 1.4440 
 
 50 
 
 18 
 
 1.4686 
 
 52 
 
 20 
 
 1.4944 
 
 54 
 
 22 
 
 1.5205 . 
 
 . . 56 
 
 . 24 
 
 
 
 114.5, and the liquid has been cooled to 106.7; 
 it boils at 170. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 
 pp. 17, 18.) 
 
 c = sexhydrated. Crystallizes at low tempera- 
 Cu 0, N Og + 6 Aq tures. Deliquesces in warm 
 air. At 26.4 the crystals 
 break up into a liquid, and crystals of the ter- 
 hydrate. In order to liquefy the whole, the tem- 
 perature must be above 38. An aqueous solution 
 of nitrate of copper saturated at 10 is of density 
 55 B. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 17.) The 
 6-hydrated salt melts in its water of crystallization 
 at a temperature not exceeding 38. [T.] 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 
 3 Cu 0, N O s + 4 Aq acids. 
 
 IV.) tetra. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 
 4 Cu O, N 6 + 6 Aq in acids. 
 
 V.) penta. Completely insoluble in water. 
 6 Cu 0, N Og + 5 Aq ( ; compare Becquerel, C. 
 R., 1845, 20. 1532.) 
 
 NITRATE OF COPPER & GLYCOCOLL. 
 C 4 H 4 N 3 , H 0, Cu O, N 5 , Cu 0, II 
 
 NITRATE OF CREATIN. Less soluble in water 
 
 C 8 H 9 N 3 4 , H 0, N B than either sulphate or 
 
 chlorhydrate of creatin. 
 
 (Dessaignes.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CREATININ & SILVER. Very 
 soluble in boiling water. 
 
 NITRATE OF CUMIDIN. Soluble in water, and 
 C 18 H 13 N, H 0, N OR alcohol. (Nicholson, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 7.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CUMIDIN & OF SILVER. Solu- 
 ble, with decomposition, in water, and alcohol. 
 (Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 9.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CUMINAMATE OF ETHYL. Easily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 340.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CUMINAMIC ACID. Soluble in 
 water 1 ? (Cahours, loc. cit., p. 338.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CupR(zc)6/AMiN. Easily soluble 
 
 N 2 J H a Cu 0, N O s in water i [ but the aqueous so- 
 lution is decomposed when di- 
 luted with a large quantity of water,] or when 
 treated with a small quantity of acid. Soluble in 
 alcohol. (Newmann.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CYANANILIN. Soluble in boiling 
 
 N < c 12 H B c N H N o water ; onl ? sli s htl y 
 
 N } H 2 ' c <> N ' H ' N * soluble in cold water, 
 and still less soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. Easily soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold dilute nitric acid. (Hofmann, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 1. 167.) 
 NITRATE OF CYANANILIN & OF SILVER. 
 
 NITRATE OF CYANETHIN. Soluble in water, 
 C ]8 HIS N 8 , H 0, N 6 and alcohol. (Kolbe & 
 Frankland, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 71.) 
 
 NITRATE OF CYANETHOLIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF CYANETHOLIN & OF SILVER. 
 
 NITRATE OF CYSTIN. Soluble in water. 
 C 6 H 6 N S 2 4 , H 0, N 5 + Aq 
 
 NITRATE OF DELPHIN. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF DIDYMIDM. 
 
 I.) DiO, N 6 Deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 water. (Mosander.) Deliques- 
 cent. Exceedingly soluble in water. Soluble in 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 381 
 
 alcohol of 96%. Insoluble in ether ; but ether 
 does not precipitate it from the alcoholic solution. 
 (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 162.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Marignac, 
 4 Di 0, N B + 5 Aq l c - ctt-) 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYL. Absolutely insoluble in 
 C 4 H B 0, N O 6 water. Soluble in all proportions 
 in alcohol, from which it is precipi- 
 tated on .the addition of a small quantity of water. 
 Soluble in 4 pts. of concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 with subsequent decomposition. Unacted upon 
 by a concentrated aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash, but is decomposed by an alcoholic solu- 
 tion of potash. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 8. pp. 236, 237.) 
 
 NITRATE OP ETHYL & OF MERCURY(Hg 0). 
 C 4 H 6 0, N 5 ; 3 Hg 0, N 5 Insoluble in water or 
 alcohol. ( Gerhardt.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Very deliquescent, 
 and soluble in water. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 485.) 
 
 NITRATE OF tefraETHYLAMMONiuM. Very de- 
 liquescent. 
 
 NITRATE OF dzETHYLAMYLAMiN. Deliques- 
 cent. 
 
 NITRATE OF M'ETHYLAMYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYLANILIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYLBRUCIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYLMETHYLCONIIN. Deli- 
 quescent. Readily soluble in water, (v. Planta 
 & Kekule', Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 139.) 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. 6.) 
 
 NITRATE OF <HETHYLPHENYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 NITRATE OF teiraETHYLPnospHONiuM. De- 
 liquescent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Sparingly 
 
 C 42 H 21 (C 4 H 5 ) N 2 4) H 0, N 5 soluble in cold, 
 
 easily soluble in 
 
 boiling water. 
 
 NITRATE OF ETHYLUREA. Soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF (fiEiHYLUREA. Deliquescent. 
 C 2 H 2 (C 4 H B ) 2 N 2 2> H 0, N 6 Soluble in water. 
 (A. Wurtz.) 
 
 NITRATE OF FUCUCIN. Soluble in hot water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF FORFURIN. Effloresces in dry 
 
 N 2 J(C 10 H 4 <V') 3 .HO,NO B ? ir - Readily soluble 
 
 ' in water. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid ; also slowly soluble in 
 nitric acid. (Fownes.) 
 
 NITRATE OF FnscoCoBALT. 
 
 I.) 5NH 8 .2(Co 2 O s ,N0 6 )+4Aq Soluble in 
 
 water. Al- 
 cohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 287.) 
 
 II.) granular. (Ibid., p. 288.) 
 4 N H 3 .' Co a 3 , 2 N 5 + 3 Aq 
 
 NITRATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Easily soluble 
 
 G1 2 S) 3 N 6 + 9 Aq(Ordway). in water, and alcohol. 
 
 (Vauquelin.) Melts 
 
 in its water of crystallization at 60, and may be 
 cooled to 29.4 before it begins to solidify ; it boils 
 at 140.5. (Ordway, Am. J. Set., (2.) 27. 18.) 
 
 II.) basic. Completely soluble in water. Cora- 
 (G1 2 3 ) 2 _ 3 , 3 N B + 9 Aq pounds more basic than 
 this are insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 206.) 
 
 NITRATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. NitroGlycerin. 
 
 NITRATE OF GLYCOCOLL. 
 
 I.) mono. Vid. NitroSaccharic Acid. 
 
 II.) (C 4 H B N0 4 ) 2 , HO, NO B 
 
 NITRATE of teroxide OF GOLD. Water precipi- 
 tates hydrated teroxide of gold from the nitric 
 acid solution. (Vauquelin; Fremy; Pelletier.) 
 
 NITRATE OF GUANIN. 
 
 I.) mono. Efflorescent. Much more soluble 
 C 10 H B N B 2 , N 6 + 4 Aq in hot than in cold water. 
 The aqueous solution is 
 not decomposed by boiling. (Unger.) 
 
 II. ) acid. Efflorescent. [There are two inter- 
 C 10 H B N B 2 , 2N B +6 Aq mediate compounds be- 
 tween those which are 
 here given.] 
 
 NITRATE OF GUANIN with dinOxiDE OF MER- 
 CURY. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF GUANIN withpro^OxiDEOF MER- 
 CURY. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 chlorhydric and cyanhydric acids, and in an aque- 
 ous solution of cyanide of potassium. (Neubauer 
 & Kerner, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 101. 329.) 
 
 NITRATE OF HARMALIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 NITRATE OF HARMIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold water ; more readily Soluble in water acidu- 
 lated with nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF HYDRARGETHYL, &c. Vid. Ni- 
 trate of MercurEthyl, &c. 
 
 NITRATE OF HYDRIDE OF CINNAMYL. De- 
 (Nitrate of Cinnamoyl.') composed by 
 
 C 18 H 9 N0 8 = Cl8 Hj ^HO.NOg water. (Du- 
 mas & Peligot.) 
 
 Soluble in spirit. (Strecker.) More soluble in 
 boiling than in cold alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 (Mulder.) 
 
 NITRATE OF HYDROCYANHARMALIN. Solu- 
 ble in water acidulated with nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF IGASURIN. More soluble in water 
 than the chlorhydrate or the sulphate. 
 
 NITRATE OF IODANILIN. Readily soluble in 
 water, especially if this is boiling, being more sol- 
 uble in hot water than any other salt of iodiinilin 
 which has yet been examined. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 278.) 
 
 NITRATE OF IRIDIUM. Soluble in water. 
 IrO, NO B (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF IRON. Very easily 
 Fe O N B -t- 6 Aq soluble in water. The aque- 
 ous solution is easily decom- 
 posed when heated, if it contains an excess of 
 acid, but neutral solutions can be heated nearly 
 to boiling before the decomposition commences. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb., compare Chancel, C. R., 51. 
 883.) The dry crystals undergo spontaneous de- 
 composition at the ordinary temperature of the 
 air, with evolution of N Oz and formation of a 
 soluble basic nitrate of sesquioxide of iron. 
 
 Soluble in 0.51 pt. of water at 0, the aqueous 
 solution saturated by digestion at that temperature 
 containing 6.63% of the 6 Aq salt, and being of 
 1.4386 sp. gr. ; and in 0.41 pt. of water at 15, the 
 solution saturated (by digestion) at this tempera- 
 ture containing 71% of the 6 Aq salt, and being 
 
382 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 of 1.4868 sp. gr. The aqueous solution is de- 
 composed when heated ; less rapidly when dilute 
 than when concentrated, and more readily in 
 presence of an excess of acid than when neutral. 
 But unless the excess of acid is very large, a solu- 
 tion may be heated to 65.5. If a solution is 
 nearly neutral, and contains less than 20% of the 
 hydrated salt, it requires a boiling heat to effect 
 decomposition. (Ordway, 1863, private commu- 
 nication.) 
 
 NITRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Very soluble in wa- 
 Fe 2 3 , 3 N 6 + 18 Aq ter. Almost entirely insolu- 
 ble in cold nitric acid, at tem- 
 peratures below 15.5; a weighed quantity was 
 not wholly taken up by more than 20 pts. of nitric 
 acid of 1.27 sp. gr. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 9. 
 30.) Melts in its water of crystallization at 47.2, 
 and may remain liquid at 21 after having been 
 strongly heated; boils at 125. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Sci., (2.) 27. 17.) Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Gmelin.) 
 
 II.) basic. Basic compounds containing eight 
 equivalents, and less, of sesquioxide of iron may 
 be obtained perfectly soluble in water. These 
 compounds are less soluble in saline solutions 
 than in water ; all of the iron appears to be 
 thrown down from their aqueous solution on the 
 addition of chloride of ammonium, chloride of 
 sodium, iodide of potassium, chlorate of potash, 
 the sulphates of soda, lime, zinc, and copper, the 
 nitrates of potash and of soda, and the acetates 
 of baryta and of zinc. Precipitates form more 
 slowly on the addition of the nitrates of ammonia, 
 magnesia, baryta, and lead ; while no precipitate 
 is produced by alcohol, acetate of copper, cyanide 
 of mercury, nitrate of silver, or arsenic acid. Upon 
 solutions of the terbasic nitrates, no effect is pro- 
 duced by chloride of ammonium, chloride of so- 
 dium, or nitrate of soda, but the sulphates cited 
 above throw down all the iron. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Sci., (2.) 9. 33; & (2.) 26.201.) Besides the 
 generalization of Ordway, other special basic com- 
 pounds have been described by various observers, 
 thus : 
 
 a = 8 Fe 2 3 , N 6 + 2 Aq. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Very diffi- 
 cultly soluble in cold or hot nitric acid ; more 
 readily soluble in hot chlorhydric acid. (Haus- 
 mann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 112.) 
 
 b = 8 Fe 2 8 , 2 N O s + 3 Aq Very easily soluble 
 in water ; less solu- 
 ble in spirit. Difficultly soluble in cold dilute 
 nitric acid. (Hausmann, loc. cit., p. 110.) 
 
 c 36 Fe 2 O s , N 5 + 48 Aq 
 
 d, Sj-c. (See Gmelin's Handbook of Chemistry, 
 5. 259 ) 
 
 III.) acid. (See Gmelin's Handbook, 5. 258.) 
 
 NITRATE OF JERVIN. Very sparingly soluble 
 in water and in mineral acids. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF LANTHANUM. Very deliquescent. 
 La 0, N 5 + 3 Aq Very soluble in water. Eeadily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Mosander.) 
 Melts in its water of crystallization at about 40, 
 and may be cooled to about 21, without crystal- 
 lizing immediately ; boils at 124.5. (Ordway, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 18.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water, with 
 Pb 0, N O 5 reduction of temperature. It is one 
 of the least soluble of the normal me- 
 tallic nitrates. 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt 
 is soluble in 2.58 pts. of water at 0" 
 
 2.07 
 1.65 
 1.25 
 0.99 
 0.83 
 0.72 
 
 10 
 25 
 45 
 65 
 85 
 100 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 103.5. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve of the salt, 
 at 22 " 59.1 
 
 22.6 " 58.1 
 
 24.7 " 63.1 
 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 1840, 34. 262.) 
 Soluble in 1.707 pts. of water at 22.3, and in 
 1.585 pts. at 24.7. (H. Kopp, cited by Gmelin.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 17.5, is of 
 1.3978 sp. gr. ; it contains 33.45% of the salt ; or, 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 50.26 pts. of the salt at 
 this temperature, i. e. 1 pt. of the salt is soluble 
 in 1.99 pts. of water at 17.5. (Karsten, Berlin 
 AbhandL, 1840, p. 101.) Soluble in 1.87 pts. of 
 water at 17.5; or 100 pts. of water at 17.5 dis- 
 solve 53.4 pts. of it ; or the aqueous solution sat- 
 urated at 17. 5 contains 34.8% of it, and is of 1.3816 
 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 
 109. 326.) 100 pts. of the aqueous solution 
 saturated at its boiling-point (102.2) contain 52.5 
 pts. of the dry salt; or 100 pts. of water at 102.2 
 dissolve 110.526 pts. of the salt, or 1 pt. of it is 
 soluble in 0.9047 pt. of water at 102.2. (T. 
 Griffiths, Quar. J. Set., 1829, 18. 90.) Soluble 
 in 7.5 pts. of cold water, the saturated solution 
 containing 11.77% of it, and in much less hot 
 water. Less soluble in water acidulated with 
 nitric acid than in pure water. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) 100 pts. of boiling water dissolve 13 
 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) The aqueous solution 
 saturated at 15 is of 1.390071 sp. gr., and con- 
 tains dissolved in every 100 pts. at least 49.698 
 pts. of the salt. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) The sp. gr. of 
 an aqueous solution saturated at 8 = 1.372. 
 (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 211.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of 
 
 Contains 
 
 sp. 
 
 gr., at 19.5 (sp. gr. 
 
 Per Cent of 
 
 Pts. ofPbO, N0 5 
 
 of water at 19.5 1), 
 
 Pb 0, N 5 
 
 dissolved in 100 
 
 
 
 
 pts. of water. 
 
 
 .0934 . . 
 
 . 9.991 . 
 
 . . 11.10 
 
 
 .1857 
 
 18.460 
 
 22.64 
 
 
 .2776 
 
 25.772 
 
 34.72 
 
 
 .3717 
 
 32.332 
 
 47.78 
 
 
 .4496 . . 
 
 37.115 . 
 
 . . 59.02 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 121. The second 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesun- 
 gen, p. 35.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of 
 sp. gr. (at 17.5) 
 
 1.0661 ... . 
 
 Contains (by experi- 
 ment) per cent of 
 Pb 0, N 6 
 
 ... 7 73 
 
 1.1022 
 1.1415 
 1.2274 
 1.3816 . 
 
 11.60 
 15.46 
 23.20 
 . 34.79 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm.,1859, 108. 339.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ng table, by means of the formula : 
 
 D = 1 + 0.007989 p -f 0.00006336 p 2 + 
 0.0000006406 p 3 : in which D = the sp. gr. of the 
 solution and p the percentage of substance in the 
 solution. 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 383 
 
 p. gr. (at Per cent of 
 
 17.5). Pb 0, N 6 . 
 1.0080 . . 1 
 
 1.0163 2 
 
 1.0247 3 
 
 1.0331 4 
 
 1.0416 5 
 
 1.0502 6 
 1.0591 
 
 1.0682 8 
 
 1.0775 9 
 
 1.0869 10 
 
 1.0963 11 
 
 1.1059 12 
 
 1.1157 13 
 
 1.1257 14 
 
 1.1359 15 
 
 1.1463 16 
 
 1.1569 17 
 1.1677 ... 18 
 
 Sp. gr. (at 
 17.6 t. 
 
 Per cent of 
 PbO,N0 8 . 
 
 1.1788 . . 19 
 
 1.1902 20 
 
 1.2016 21 
 
 1.2132 22 
 
 1.2251 23 
 
 1.2372 24 
 
 1.2495 25 
 
 1.2620 26 
 
 1.2747 27 
 
 1.2876 28 
 
 1.3007 29 
 
 1.3140 30 
 
 1.3276 31 
 
 1.3416 32 
 
 1.3558 33 
 
 1.3702 34 
 
 1.3848 35 
 
 1.3996 ... 36 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 75.) 
 Somewhat soluble in alcohol. (Withering, Phil. 
 Trans., 1782, 72. 336.) Insoluble in alcohol, or 
 spirit. (Dumas, Tr.) Insoluble in strong nitric 
 acid, by which, indeed, it is precipitated from the 
 aqueous solution. (Braconnot.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of 
 nitrate of potash, without causing any precipita- 
 tion. The solution thus obtained, at 18.75 con- 
 tains 53.28% of mixed salt; or 100 pts. of water 
 dissolve 114 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 84.1 pts. 
 Pb O, N O 5 and 29.9 pts. K 0, N O 5 . This solu- 
 tion is different from that obtained by treating a 
 mixture of the two salts in excess with water. 
 The latter prepared at 18.75 contains 62.87% of 
 mixed salt ; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 169.2 
 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 109.8 pts. Pb O, N O B , and 
 59.2 pts. K O, N O 6 . (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 117.) 
 
 When a mixture (in excess) of nitrate of lead 
 and nitrate of potash is treated with water, 100 
 pts. of the latter dissolve, at 20, 153.8 pts. of the 
 mixed salts, of which 94.3 pts. are nitrate of lead. 
 In a second experiment, 158.6 pts. of the mixed 
 salts, of which 96.2 pts. were nitrate of lead. 
 This is a marked exception to the general law, 
 that when a mixture of two salts of a single acid 
 are treated with water, the salt with the strongest 
 base is dissolved, as if no other salt than itseli 
 were present ; for at 20 the solubility of nitrate 
 of potash = 31.7, consequently in the above ex- 
 periments calculation would indicate 
 ( 153.8 =. 31.7 K O, N 5 + 122.1 Pb O, N O 
 ) 158.6 = 31.7 K O, N B + 126.9 Pb O, N O 
 while there was found 
 
 ( 153.8 = 59.5 K O, N O 5 + 94.3 Pb O, N O 
 \ 158.6 = 62.4 KO, N O 8 + 96.2 Pb O, N O r> 
 This exception is explained by the fact that a 
 double salt (Pb O, N O ? ; K O, N O s ) is formed, 
 which has its own peculiar coefficient of solubility. 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 268.] 
 Soluble in considerable quantity in a saturated 
 solution of nitrate of soda, without occasioning 
 any precipitation of the latter. The solution ob- 
 tained contains, at 18.75, 54.94% of mixed salt 
 Or 100 pts. of water dissolve 121.9 pts. of mixed 
 salt, viz. 87.8 pts. of Na O, N Os and 34.1 pts. of 
 Pb 0, N Oc. A solution identical with the above 
 is obtained when a mixture of the two salts is 
 treated with water. [Compare under Nitrate 01 
 Soda.] (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl, 1840, p. 111.! 
 When a mixture (in excess) of nitrate of lead anc 
 nitrate of soda is treated with water, 100 pts. of 
 the water dissolve, at 15.6, 117.9 pts. of the 
 mixed salts, of which 33.6 pts. are Pb 0, N O 5 
 
 at 20, 123.0 pts. of the mixed salts, of which 38.4 
 its. are Pb O, N O g . According to the general 
 aw, that when a mixture of two salts of a single 
 acid is treated with water, the salt of the stronger 
 Dase dissolves as if no other salt than itself were 
 oresent, the solubility of nitrate of soda, calculated 
 From the above experiments would be 
 at 15.6= 84.3 (amount dissolved by 100 pts. of 
 
 water) ; 
 
 at 17.8 = 85.5 (as the mean of both experiments), 
 which agrees with the result obtained by direct 
 xperiment. (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm. , 1840, 
 34. 269.) Also soluble in a saturated solution of 
 mixed nitrate of potash and nitrate of soda. The 
 solution obtained contains 64.05% of the mixed 
 salts, or 100 pts. of water dissolve 178.13 pts. of 
 mixed salt, viz. 43.75 pts. of .Pb O, N 5 and 
 134.38 pts. of (K O, Na O) N O 5 . This solution 
 is, however, not saturated, for a solution prepared 
 by treating a mixture of the three salts with water 
 at the same temperature contains 65.77% of salt ; 
 100 pts. of water dissolving 192.47 pts. of mixed 
 salt, viz. 53.24 pts. of Pb O, N B and 139.23 
 pts. of (K O, Na 0) N 6 . (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 handl., 1840, p. 132.) Soluble in a saturated so- 
 lution of nitrate of ammonia. (Karsten, loc. cit.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 baryta, the latter being meanwhile precipitated 
 until a certain definite limit is attained, when the 
 reaction ceases. A solution of similar sp. gr. is 
 obtained when a mixture of the two salts is 
 treated with water. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 113.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Pb O, N Os, in aque- 
 ous solution is mixed with a solution of an equiva- 
 lent of acetate of potash (C 4 H 3 K 4 ) ffi of it 
 are decomposed to nitrate of potash, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while T | 7 of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalentof acetate of strontia'(C 4 H 3 Sr 4 ) 
 jgfo of it are decomposed as before, while ^^ 
 of it remain unchanged ; when mixed with a so- 
 lution of an equivalent of acetate of baryta (C 4 H 3 
 Ba 4 ) ^ of it are decomposed, while ^ of it 
 remain unchanged. (Malagnti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 II.) di. Very slightly soluble in cold, much 
 
 2 Pb N 6 + Aq more soluble in hot water. 
 
 (Berzelins ; Peligot ; Gerhardt, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 183.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 19.2 dissolve 19.438 pts. of the anhy- 
 drous salt; i. e. 1 pt. of it is soluble in 5.145 pts. 
 of water at 19.2. (Pohl, Wien. Akad. Bericht,Q. 
 597.) 
 III.) tris. Slightly soluble in pure water; but 
 
 3 Pb N B + 3 Aq insoluble in water containing 
 
 such salts as have no chemical 
 action upon it. (Berzelius.) Very sparingly 
 soluble in hot, less soluble in cold water. 1 pt. of 
 the anhydrous salt is soluble in 1 1.3 pts. of boiling, 
 and in 127.3 pts. of cold water. 1 pt. of the hy- 
 drated salt is soluble in 119.2 pts. of cold and 
 in 10.5 pts. of boiling water. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of acetate of lead, but very difficultly 
 soluble in a solution of nitrate of potash. ( Vogel, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 99.) 
 
 IV.) tetra. Insoluble in boiling water. (Ger- 
 4 P b o,HO, + SA, to VT 8 5., CJ ' [Gerhfe 
 maintains that there are but two submtrates of 
 lead, viz. the di and the tetra salts. 
 
 V ) hexa. Almost completely insoluble in 
 6PbO,NO B + Aq water. (Berzelius.) 
 
384 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 NITRATE OP LEAD & ofdinoxideOT MERCURY. 
 2 (Pb 0, N 5 ) ; 2 Hg 2 0, N 5 Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. Soluble in warm 
 
 dilute nitric acid, and in a warm aqueous solution 
 of nitrate of dinoxide of mercury, separating out 
 in both cases as the solutions cool. (Staedeler, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 130.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LEAD & OF POTASH. See under 
 Pb 0, N 5 ; K 0, N O 6 NITRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 NITRATE OF LEAD & LEUCIN. Insoluble in 
 C ia H 13 N 4 , Pb O, N O 5 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF LEAD with NITRITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) PbO, NO B ; PbO, NO, + 2Aq Much more 
 
 soluble in 
 
 water than No. III. The solution is decomposed 
 (oxidized) by evaporation. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) Pb 0, N O e ; 8 (Pb 0, N O 3 ) + 2 Aq Decom- 
 
 posed 
 
 by boiling water, with formation of dinitrate of 
 lead. Soluble in water acidulated with nitric 
 acid. (Gomez, C. R., 1852, 34. 188.) 
 
 III.) basic. Only difficultly soluble in cold 
 
 2 PbO, NO B ; 2 PbO, N O s + 4 Aq water. (Proust, in 
 
 Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 3. 725.) 
 
 IV.) Pb 0, N0 5 ; 8 PbO, N 3 + Aq Same as 
 
 Peligot's 
 
 hyponitrate of lead, q. v., according to Gomez 
 (foe. cit., p. 189). 
 
 Nitrite of lead is susceptible of crystallizing in 
 all proportions with nitrate of lead. (J. Nickles, 
 C. ., 1848, 27. 244 ; compare Gomez, foe. cit.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LEAD with OXALATE OF LEAD. 
 (NitroOialate of Lead.) 
 
 I.) normal. Slowly decomposed by cold, 
 C 4 Pb 2 8 -, 2 (Pb 0, N 5 ) + 4 Aq quickly by hot 
 
 water. (Pelouze; 
 
 Johnston.) Soluble in warm nitric acid. (Du- 
 jardin.) 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 4 Pb 0, C 4 Pb 2 8 ; 6 (Pb 0, N 5 ) + 6 Aq 
 
 NITRATE OF LEAD with PHOSPHATE OF LEAD. 
 (NitroPkospliate of Lead.) Insoluble in cold, 
 
 3 Pb 0, P 6 ; Pb 0, N O fi + Aq decom posed by 
 
 boiling water. Sol- 
 uble in nitric acid, from which solution it may be 
 recrystallized. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 22. 505.) Only slightly acted upon by cold 
 water ; but when finely powdered the compound 
 is slowly decomposed by boiling water. (Ber- 
 zelius, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1816, 53. 408.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LEAD with SACCHARATE OF 
 
 2 (Pb 0, N 5 ) ; C 12 H 8 Pb 2 16 LEAD. Insoluble in 
 
 cold, very sparingly 
 
 soluble in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol, or sac- 
 charic acid. (Varry.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LEPIDIN. Permanent. Soluble in 
 v 5r- win HO NO alcohol. Soluble in dilute 
 
 ^ \ *-*9fl "t J V > V 5 i / /^l TIT'l I \ 
 
 < 2 nitric acid. (Gr. Williams.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LEUCIN. Readily soluble in 
 
 (NitroLeucic Jicid. LeucoNitric Acid.) water. 
 C, 2 H 1S N O 4 , H O, N 6 
 
 NITRATE OF LEUCIN & OF LIME. Permanent. 
 (NitroLeucate of Lime.) Soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF LEUCIN & OF MAGNESIA. Per- 
 (NitroLeucate of Magnesia.) manent. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF LIME. 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in water, with evolu- 
 Ca N O E tion of much heat. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Set., (2.) 27. 18.) 
 
 b = Ca O, N 5 + 4 Aq Quickly deliquescent. 
 Crystallized nitrate of 
 
 lime is soluble in 0.25 pt. of cold water, with re- 
 duction of the temperature, the saturated solution 
 containing 80% of it, and in all proportions in 
 boiling water. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Soluble in 
 2 pts. of cold, and in 0.6667 pt. of boiling wa- 
 ter. (Fourcroy.) The aqueous solution satu- 
 rated " in the cold " contains 33.3% of it. (Four- 
 croy) ; at 12.5, 33.8%. ( Hassenfratz, Ann. de 
 Chim., 28. 291.) The hot aqueous solution is 
 liable to become supersaturated on cooling. 
 (Fischer, Schiv., 12. 187. (Gm.) Melts in its 
 water of crystallization at 43.8; a portion, which 
 had been heated to 51, began to recrystallize at 
 35.5, but another portion, heated to 67.2, remained 
 liquid over night, the temperature having fallen as 
 low as 14.2; it boils at 132.2, and when the 
 boiling is continued, the liquid remains clear until 
 about one third of the water has been expelled. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sri., (2.) 27. 18.) The satu- 
 rated aqueous solution boils at 152, with partial 
 decomposition (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43) ; at 
 151, and contains in 100 pts. of water 362.8 pts. 
 of the anhydrous salt. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution of 
 sp. gr. at (12.5) 
 1.0052 . . 
 
 Contains p< 
 of the [ci 
 lized ?J 
 
 . . . . 1 
 
 1.0104 
 
 2 
 
 1.0156 
 
 3 
 
 1.0208 
 
 4 
 
 1.0260 
 
 5 
 
 1.0310 
 
 6 
 
 1.0361 
 
 7 
 
 1.0411 
 
 8 
 
 1.0481 
 
 9 
 
 1.0510 
 
 10 
 
 1.0601 
 
 12 
 
 1.0690 
 
 14 
 
 1.0777 
 
 16 
 
 1.0864 
 
 18 
 
 1.0950 
 
 20 
 
 1.1044 
 
 22 
 
 1.1112 
 
 24 
 
 1.1185 
 
 26 
 
 1.1257 
 
 28 
 
 1.1320 
 1.1383 . 
 
 30 
 . 32 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 301.) 
 
 In a solution containing 
 for 100 ptg. of water, pts. 
 of anhydrous Ca 0, N O 6 
 
 0.0 ... 
 
 15.0 
 
 25.3 
 
 34.4 
 
 42.6 
 
 50.4 
 
 57.8 
 
 .64.9 
 
 71.8 
 
 78.6 
 
 85.3 
 
 91.9 
 
 98.4 
 1048 
 111.2 
 1175 
 1 23.8 
 130.0 
 136.1 
 142.1 
 148.1 . . . 
 
 The boiling- 
 point is ele- 
 vated. 
 
 
 
 1 . 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 . . 
 
 Difference. 
 
 15.0 
 10.3 
 9.1 
 8.2 
 7.8 
 7.4 
 7.1 
 6.9 
 6.8 
 6.7 
 6.6 
 6.5 
 6.4 
 6.4 
 6.3 
 6.3 
 6.2 
 6.1 
 6.0 
 . 6.0 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 385 
 
 In a so'ution containing 
 for 100 pts. of water, pts. 
 of anhydrous Ca O, N 5 
 
 The boiling- 
 point is ele- 
 vated. 
 
 160.1 . . . . 
 
 22" . . 
 
 172.2 
 
 24 
 
 184.5 
 
 26 
 
 197.0 
 
 28 
 
 209.5 
 
 30 
 
 222.2 
 
 32 
 
 235.1 
 
 34 
 
 248.1 
 
 36 
 
 261.3 
 
 38 
 
 274.7 
 
 40 
 
 288.4 
 
 42 
 
 302.6 
 
 44 
 
 317.4 
 
 46 
 
 333.2 
 
 48 
 
 351.2 
 362.2 [saturated] 
 
 50 
 . 51 . . 
 
 Difference. 
 
 'l2.0 
 12.1 
 12.3 
 12.5 
 12.5 
 12.7 
 12.9 
 13.0 
 13.2 
 13.4 
 13.7 
 14.2 
 14.8 
 15.8 
 18.0 
 11.0 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 100.1. (Legrand, Ann. Cli.et Phys., 
 (2.) 59. 439.) Soluble in 0.8 pt. of alcohol 
 (Macquer), in 1 pt. of boiling alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) Dry nitrate of lime is soluble in 
 7 pts. of alcohol at 15, and in 1 pt. of boiling 
 alcohol. (Bergman, Essays, 1. pp. 144, 181.) 
 Ether precipitates it from the alcoholic solution. 
 (Dcebereiner.) Soluble in glacial acetic acid. (Per- 
 soz, Chim, Moltfc., p. 347.) Insoluble in strong 
 nitric acid (Braconnot) ; by which, indeed, it is 
 precipitated from the aqueous solution. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) Soluble in a saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion of nitrate of potash, with elevation of temper- 
 ature and precipitation of a portion of the nitrate 
 of potash. (Fourcroy & Vauquelin, Ann. de 
 Chim., 11. 135.) 
 
 II.) basic. Decomposed by water. Insoluble 
 (Of variable composition.) in, and unacted upon, by 
 alcohol of 40. (Millon, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 91.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LIME & OF MAGNESIA. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water. (Bergman.) 
 
 NITRATE OF LIME & UREA. Deliquescent. 
 3 C 2 H 4 Nj 2 , Ca 0, N 5 Soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF LITHIA. Exceedingly deliques- 
 Li 0, N O s -h 6 Aq cent. Very easily soluble in 
 water. It exhibits an extraor- 
 dinary tendency to form supersaturated aqueous 
 solutions. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann-, 92. 520.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt 
 
 is soluble in 2.12 pts. of water at 
 " 2.02 " 
 
 " 1.33 " 
 
 1.32 " 20 
 
 1.31 
 0.59 
 
 " 0.60 " 
 
 " 0.51 " 
 
 " 0.44 
 
 " 0.39 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. pp. 43, 52.) The 
 saturated aqueous solution boils at about 200. 
 Very soluble in strong alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF LOBELIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF LOPHIN. Insoluble in water. 
 C 4! H J6 N 2) H 0, N 5 + 2 Aq Soluble in ajcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Only sparingly 
 (Nitrate of diCobaltinamin. soluble in water, more 
 Nitrate of LvteoCobaltiaque.-) rea dily soluble in hot 
 
 <H 3 .Co 2 o 3 ,3N0 5 than in cold water. It 
 
 49 
 
 is partially decomposed by long-continued boiling 
 with water. Acids precipitate it from the aque- 
 ous solution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 35. 281.) Tolerably readily soluble in cold, very 
 much more soluble in hot water. Almost insolu- 
 ble in acids. (Rogojski, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 41. pp. 454, 455.) Readily soluble in hot, less 
 soluble in cold water. Insoluble in ammonia- 
 water, or in chlorhydric or nitric acids. Decom- 
 posed by sulphuric acid. (Gibbs & Genth, Smith- 
 son. Contrib., vol. 9. p. 45 of the Memoir.) 
 
 NITRATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in 1 pt. of water at 
 MgO, N0 6 15.6. [Y.] A sample dried until 
 decomposition had commenced was 
 soluble in 4 pts. of absolute alcohol at 15.6, and 
 in 2 pts. at the boiling temperature. (Graham.) 
 More soluble in alcohol of 0.817 sp. gr. than in 
 that of 0.900 sp. gr. (Kirwan.) Soluble in 
 0.3458 pts. of strong alcohol at 82.5. (Wenzel, 
 in his Verwandtschaft, p. 300. [T.].) Dry nitrate 
 of magnesia is soluble in 10 pts. of alcohol at 15. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. p. 144) ; in 9 pts. of alcohol 
 at a moderate heat. (Ibid., p. 182.) 
 
 b Mg 0, N 6 + 6 Aq Rapidly deliquesces. 
 Soluble in 0.5 pt. of 
 
 cold water ; and in 9 pts. of cold alcohol of 0.84 
 sp. gr. Very difficultly soluble in absolute alco- 
 hol. (Graham, John.) Melts in its water of crys- 
 tallization at 90, and the liquid thus obtained has 
 been cooled to 86.6 ; it boils at 143.4 On con- 
 tinuing the application of heat, the liquid remains 
 clear until about 5 equivs. of the water and a little 
 acid have been expelled ; the residue is now not 
 entirely soluble. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 
 16.) Less soluble in an aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of lime than in pure water. ( Dijon val.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 solution of 
 
 sp.gr. (at 21) 
 
 Contains (by experi- 
 ment) per cent, of 
 Mg 0, N O 5 + 6 Aq. 
 
 1.2969 60.05 
 
 1.1840 40.04 
 
 1.1162 26.69 
 
 1.0847 20.02 
 
 1.0549 13.34 
 
 1.0267 6.67 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pttarm., 1858, 108. 334.) 
 From these results Schiif calculates the follow- 
 ing table by means of the formula: 
 
 D = 1 + 0.003881 p H- 0.00001708 p a 
 0.0000000229 p 8 ; 
 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 (at 21) 
 
 1 0078 
 
 ofMgO,NO 5 + 6 
 2 . 
 
 Per cent 
 Aq ofMgO,N0 5 
 
 . . . . 1.156 
 
 1.0158 
 
 4 
 
 2.312 
 
 1.0239 
 
 6 
 
 3.468 
 
 1.0321 
 
 8 
 
 4.624 
 
 1.0405 
 
 10 
 
 5.780 
 
 1.0490 
 
 12 
 
 6.936 
 
 1.0577 
 
 14 
 
 8.092 
 
 1.0663 
 
 16 
 
 9.248 
 
 1.0752 
 
 18 
 
 10.404 
 
 1.0843 
 
 20 
 
 11.560 
 
 1 .0934 
 
 22 
 
 12.716 
 
 1.1026 
 
 24 
 
 13.872 
 
 1.1120 
 
 26 
 
 15.028 
 
 Uil6 
 
 28 
 
 16.184 
 
 1.1312 
 
 . 30 . 
 
 . . . . 17.348 
 
386 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 Sp. gr. Per cent 
 
 (at 21) of Mg 0, N 6 + 6 Aq Mg O, N O 5 
 
 1.1410 ... 32 18.504 
 
 .1508 34 19.660 
 
 .1608 36 20.816 
 
 .1709 38 21.972 
 
 .1811 40 22.128 
 
 .1914 42 23.284 
 
 .2019 44 24.440 
 
 .2124 46 25.596 
 
 .2231 48 26.750 
 
 .2340 .... 50 27.900 - 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 70.) 
 
 NITRATE OF MAGNESIA & UREA. Deliques- 
 
 2 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , Mg 0, N Os cent. Soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE. Deli- 
 MnO, N0 + 6*Aq quescent. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (John.) 
 Melts in its water of crystallization at 25.8, and the 
 liquid has been cooled to 15.5 without solidifying; 
 it boils at 129.4; if the boiling be continued, de- 
 composition soon commences, binoxide of man- 
 ganese being deposited. (Ordway, Am. J. ScL, 
 (2.) 27. 16.) 
 
 NITRATE of sesquioxide OF MANGANESE. (Mil- 
 Mn 2 8 , 3 N 5 + 6 Aq Ion.) 
 
 NITRATE OF MELAMIN. Permanent. Soluble 
 C 6 H 6 N 6 , H O, N 6 in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF MELAMIN & SILVER. Somewhat 
 C 6 H 6 N 6 , Ag 0, N O 5 soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF MELANILIN. Tolerably soluble 
 C 26 H 13 N 3 , H 0, N 5 in boiling, scarcely at all sol- 
 uble in cold water. Soluble 
 in hot alcohol, scarcely at all soluble in ether. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 292.) 
 
 NITRATE OF MELANILIN & SILVER. See 
 2 Cjg H 1S N s , Ag O, N B under MELANILIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF MENAPHTHALAMIN. Nearly in- 
 soluble in cold water. Very soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF efr'MERCUR(zc)AMMONiUM & pro- 
 toxide of MERCURY. 
 
 I.) N \fy ; Hg O,NO B When boiled with 
 < "2 water it is converted 
 
 into No. II. Sparingly soluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of nitrate of ammonia, containing free am- 
 monia. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 II.) N J g . 0, 2 Hg 0, N 5 Insoluble in wa- 
 ter, or in an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water, from which solution it is partially pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water. Largely solu- 
 ble in a solution of nitrate of ammonia. Soluble 
 in cold chlorhydric, but very sparingly soluble in 
 nitric or sulphuric acids. (Soubeiran.) 
 
 III.) N \fy . 0, 4 Hg 0, N 5 (?) Sparingly sol- 
 uble in ammo- 
 nia-water. Soluble in cold chlorhydric acid. In- 
 soluble in warm concentrated sulphuric acid, or in 
 a warm solution of potash. 
 
 NITRATE OF MERCUR(OMS)AMMONIUM & din- 
 
 (Hahnemann's Soluble Mercury.) oxide q/MERCURY. 
 N < [| 3 . O, Hg 2 O, N0 6 Insoluble in cold 
 
 water. Easily sol- 
 uble in nitric acid. Decomposed by dilute, com- 
 pletely soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Cold nitric acid dissolves out some dinoxide of 
 mercury, and boiling acetic acid dissolves the 
 whole of it. (Bucholz.) Partially soluble, with 
 separation of metallic mercury, in ammonia-water. 
 (C. G. Mitscherlich), and in aqueous solutions of 
 sulphate, and nitrate of ammonia, and of chloride 
 
 of ammonium, especially when these are heated. 
 [Some chemists regard this compound as a basic 
 nitrate of ammonium & (of dinoxide) of mercury 
 = 3Hg 2 0,NH 4 0,N0 6 .] 
 
 NITRATE OF MERCUR(OWS)ETHYL. Very eas- 
 
 (Nitrate of HydrargEthyl.) Hy soluble in water ; 
 
 C 4 H 6 Hg 2 O, N O 5 less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 92. 78.) Readily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Duenhaupt.) 
 
 NITRATE OF MERCUR(OWS)METHYL. Exceed- 
 
 (Nitrate of HydrargMethyl.) ingly soluble in water; 
 
 C 2 H s Ug 2 0, N 5 + Aq sparingly soluble in al- 
 
 cohol. (Strecker, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 92. 79.) 
 
 NITRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 (Improperly Nitrate of protoxide of Mercury.) 
 
 I.) mono. Easily soluble in a small amount of 
 
 Hp 2 0, N 5 (Lefort erroneously warm water ; de- 
 
 writes this 2 Hg 3 0, N B + 1J Aq) composed by a 
 
 larger quantity of 
 
 warm water to a soluble acid and an insoluble 
 basic salt. Readily soluble in water acidulated 
 with nitric acid. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 27. 332.) Almost entirely soluble in a large 
 excess of cold water, only a very trifling quantity 
 of an insoluble basic salt being formed. This so- 
 lution may be preserved for a long time in closed 
 vessels without any decomposition, i. e. without 
 any protoxide being formed. But when treated 
 with warmer water more of the basic salt is formed, 
 thus, with about 100 pts. of water at 60 a small 
 quantity of yellow salt is formed ; and if the whole 
 be boiled, this becomes black ; if more than 200 
 pts. of water are used, complete solution is effected, 
 but a portion of the salt is converted into nitrate 
 of the protoxide ; some of the protoxide salt will 
 be formed in any event, when a dilute solution of 
 nitrate of dinoxide of mercury is boiled, although 
 no precipitation occurs even after the boiling has 
 been continued for a considerable length of time. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 153.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in cold, decomposed by 
 2 Hgj O, N O s + Aq(of Kane), boiling water. 
 
 Almost entirely in- 
 
 soluble in cold water; decomposed by boiling 
 water, or by washing with hot water. (Marig- 
 nac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 332; also H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 154.) Slowly soluble in 
 cold, rapidly in hot chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Does not appear to dissolve in aqueous solu- 
 tions of chloride of ammonium or nitrate of am- 
 monia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) 
 When treated with aqueous solutions of the al- 
 kaline chlorides, and especially if these are hot, 
 a certain amount of protochloride of mercury 
 (Hg Cl) is formed, and dissolves. (Mialhe, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 179.) 
 
 III.) crystalline basic. Soluble in a small quan- 
 (Nitrateiiitermediare(ofl&foTl).') tity of 
 
 (3 Hg, O. 2 N O 5 + 3 Aq(of Mitscherlich, Jr.).) water . 
 (4 Hg 2 O, 3 N 5 + Aq(of Marignac).) & ecQm ^ 
 
 posed by a large amount of water, to a soluble 
 acid and an insoluble basic salt. (Mitscherlich.) 
 Decomposed by cold water to 2 Hg 2 O, N Oe & 
 Hg 2 O, N O 5 ; also by warm water, with formation 
 of compounds of the protoxide. (H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann.,83. 154.) 
 
 IV.) 5Hg 2 O, 3 NO B + 2 AqCof Marignac). Solu- 
 (2 Hg, O, N 5 + 2 Aq<of Lefort).) ble in 
 
 (2 H g ; O, N O 5 + Aq(of Gerhardt).) J,O il- 
 
 ing, 
 
 less soluble in cold water. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 27. 328.) 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 387 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 (Improperly BiNitrate of Mercury.) 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = " Nitrate bimercurique sirupeux "(of Millon). 
 Hg 0, N 5 -f 2 Aq Known only in solution. 
 
 b = " Nitrate bimercurique Deliquescent. De- 
 
 acid cryst. <ieliq."(of Millon). composed by water. 
 
 2 (Hg 0, N Og) + Aq (Millon, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 18.355.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Braconnot.) Instantly 
 decomposed by ether. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 5. pp. 181-182.) 
 
 II.) di. Not so deliquescent as the preceding. 
 (Nitrate bimermrique mono- Decomposed by water. 
 A^a'-(f Millon).) (Millon, loc. cit.) De- 
 
 2 Hg 0, N 6 -t- Aq liquesces in moist air. 
 Decomposed by cold water to 6 Hg O, N O s , and 
 Hg O,N O B . Soluble in dilute nitric acid. (Kane?) 
 
 The ordinary "nitrate of protoxide of mer- 
 cury," obtained by dissolving the metal in nitric 
 acid, consists of a mixture, in varying proportions, 
 of Hg O, N Os and 2 Hg O, N O 5 , the former readily 
 soluble in water, the latter very sparingly soluble. 
 It is exceedingly difficult to obtain either of these 
 salts in a state of purity. (Pean de St. Gilles, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 36. pp. 84, 87.) 
 
 When " nitrate of mercury " is treated with 
 hot water, it deposits a basic salt, which, if again 
 treated with hot water, is still further decomposed, 
 so that, after several repetitions of the hot-water 
 treatment, nothing remains but pure protoxide of 
 mercury (Hg 0), entirely free from nitric acid. 
 Meanwhile, no acid salt is formed, the water tak- 
 ing up nitric acid, in which only a small quantity 
 of protoxide of mercury is dissolved. (H. Rose, 
 Pogg. Ann., 83. pp. 142, 140.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in cold, decomposed by 
 
 (Nitrate trimercurique boiling water. (Kane.) 
 mono/iydrat.(of Millon).) I nso l u bl e in cold Water, 
 
 3 Hg 0, N 5 + Aq 
 
 slowly decomposed; much more rapidly decom- 
 posed by boiling water. Soluble in dilute nitric 
 acid. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 355.) 
 IV.) hexa. Insoluble in hot water. (Kane.) 
 6 Hg 0, N 5 When water is added to a con- 
 centrated solution of protoxide of 
 mercury in nitric acid a portion of [No. III.] 
 3 Hg O, N Os + Aq, is precipitated, while the 
 dilute solution, thus made richer in acid, remains 
 clear when more water is added. (Braconnot.) 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY & OF SIL- 
 Hg 0, N 6 ; Ag 0, N VER. Keadily soluble in 
 water, without decompo- 
 sition. (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY & OF 
 
 2 (Sr 0, N O s ); 2 Hg 2 0, N 6 STRONTIA. Decom- 
 
 posed by water. Read- 
 
 ily soluble in a warm aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of dinoxide of mercury, and in warm dilute nitric 
 acid ; separating out unchanged in either case as 
 the solutions cool. (Staedeler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. 131.) 
 
 NITRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY with prot- 
 Hg 2 o, 2 Hg 0, N 6 oxide OF MERCURY. Decom- 
 posed by chlorhydric acid. 
 (Gerhardt.) 
 
 NITRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY with PHOS- 
 Hg 2 0, N 5 ; 3 Hg a 0, P 5 + 2 Aq PHATE of din- 
 
 oxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Insoluble in cold water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 SaS/icNlTRATE OF MERCURY with PHOSPHIDE 
 3(2HgO,NO s );p(Hg s OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 NITRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY with 
 STRYCHNINE. Difficultly soluble in water. (Abel 
 & Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 262.) 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY with SUL- 
 Hg 0, N 5 ; 2 Hg s PHIDE OF MERCURY. Soluble 
 in hot aqua-regia with decom- 
 position. 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY with UREA 
 & protoxide of MERCURY. 
 
 I.) HgO, N0 5 ; C 2 H 4 N 2 2 ; Hg Decomposed 
 
 by boiling 
 water. 
 
 II.) do.; do ;2 Hg O Ppt. 
 
 III.) do -, do ; 3 HgO Ppt. All three of these 
 compounds are soluble in 
 
 cyanhydric acid and in hot nitric acid. (Liebig, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 6. 5.) 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYL. Sparingly soluble in 
 (Methylic Nitrate. Ni- water. Very soluble in al- 
 
 H ^ ylene > cohol, wood-spirit, and ether. 
 
 H 3 O, JN O 5 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYLAMIN. Deliquescent. 
 N \ c a H s u o N Very soluble in water, and 
 
 < H alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 460.) 
 
 NITRATE OF <eraMETHYLAMMONiuM. 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYLENE. Vid. Nitrate of 
 Methyl. 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYLC?I'ETHYLAMYLAMMO- 
 NIUM. 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYI>NICOTIN. Very deli- 
 quescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYLNITROPHENIDIN. Much 
 C u H 8 (N O 4 ) N 2 , H O, N B more soluble in warm 
 than in cold water. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 450.) 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYI/PHENIDIN. 
 
 (Nitrate of Anisidin.) 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYLTCNGSTEN. Exceedingly 
 deliquescent and soluble in water. (Riche.) 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYLURAMIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF METHYLUREA. Much less solu- 
 C 2 2 " ble in water 
 
 c 2 H 8 .HO,NO s than met hyl- 
 HS urea. 
 
 NITRATE 
 
 < C 2 OJ' 
 
 C 6 H 9 N 3 8 = N 2 ] (C 2 H 8 ) 2 . H 0, N 8 
 (H 2 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Appears to be soluble in water. 
 Mo O, N B Soluble in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water, but the solution 
 gradually decomposes, molybdic acid being 
 formed. 
 
 NITRATE of dinoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. Ap- 
 Mo 2 , 2 N O s pears to be soluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. Soluble in 
 dilute nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF MORPHINE. Soluble in 1.5 pts. 
 of water. 
 
 NITRATE OF NAPHTYLAMIN. Soluble in hot, 
 C 20 H 9 N, H 0, N O s less soluble in cold dilute 
 nitric acid. (Zinin.) 
 
 NITRATE OF NARCEIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 NITRATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) mono. Efflorescent or deliquescent accord- 
 Ni 0, N O c + 6 Aq ing to the state of the attnos- 
 
388 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 phere. Soluble in 2 pts. of cold water; also sol- 
 uble in spirit. (Tupputi.) Melts in its water of 
 crystallization at 56.6, and the liquid has been 
 cooled to 46; it boils at 136.7. When the boil- 
 ing is continued, the liquid remains clear until 3 
 eqtiivs. of water have been expelled, it then begins 
 to thicken and parts with acid. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Sci., (2.) 27. 17.) Soluble in spirit, but insoluble 
 in absolute alcohol. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Gmelin.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Proust.) 
 NITRATE OF NICKEL&/AMIN. Efflorescent. 
 
 (Ammonia-Nitrate of Nickel.) Easily soluble ill Wa- 
 
 N, JH 6 .NiO, N 6 + Aq ter. (Erdniann.) 
 
 NITRATE OF NICOTIN. Easily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF NITRAMARIN. Insoluble in 
 water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol ; but more 
 soluble in alcohol than the chlorhydrate. (Ber- 
 tagnini, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 33. 481.) 
 
 NITRATE OF(a)NiTRANiLiN. Readily soluble 
 in water. Sparingly soluble in nitric acid. 
 (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 360.) 
 
 NITRATE OF(|?)NITRANILIN. Decomposed by 
 water. Very readily soluble in warm nitric acid. 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 NITRATE OF NITRAZOPHENYLAMIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF NITROCUMIDIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF NITROGUANIN. Difficultly solu- 
 
 C to H 4 (N 4 ) N B 2 , H 0, N B ble in cold, more read- 
 
 ily soluble in hot 
 
 water. Difficultly soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. Easily soluble in warm, less soluble in 
 cold chlorhydric, and nitric acids. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of potash, soda, and ammonia. 
 (Neubauer & Kerner, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 101. 
 333.) 
 
 NITRATE OF NITROHARMALIN. Somewhat 
 sparingly soluble in water, especially if it be acidu- 
 lated with nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF NITROHARMALIN & SILVER. 
 
 NITRATE or NITROHARMIN. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water, still less soluble in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF fo'NiTRoMELANiLiN. Sparingly 
 C 26 H u (N 4 ) 2 N s , H 0, N O s soluble in water. (Hof- 
 mann, ,/. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 308.) 
 
 NITRATE OF NITROMESIDIN. Decomposed 
 by water. Soluble in water acidulated with sul- 
 phuric acid, and in alcohol. (Maule, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2. 120.) 
 
 NITRATE OF NITROPAPAVERIN. Almost insol- 
 
 C 40 H 20 (N 4 ) N Og, H 0, N 6 uble in cold, some- 
 
 what more soluble in 
 
 boiling water ; much more soluble in water acid- 
 ulated with nitric, or chlorhydric acids. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF NITROTYROSIN. Soluble in about 
 
 C 18 H 10 (N 4 ) N 6 , H 0, N 6 5 pts. of cold water. 
 
 (Staedeler ?) Spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in cold, more soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. Also soluble in alcohol, especially if this is 
 warm, though less soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. Easily soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 NITRATE OF OCTYL. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 ( rfitmte of Capryi. inglv soluble in water. Solu- 
 
 CaprylNitric Ether.) ble a l coho l. (Bouis, Ann. 
 C 16 H 17 0, JN U 6 
 
 NITRATE OF OCTYLAMIN. Readily soluble in 
 
 (Nitrate of Caprylamin.) water. (CahourS.) 
 N ^ ia H i? . H 0, N 5 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF OSMIUM. Soluble in 
 OsO,N0 5 water(?) (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE of sesquioxide OF OSMIUM. Only 
 sparingly soluble in water, but much more readily 
 soluble in hot than in cold water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 1009.) 
 
 NITRATE OF OXYCANTHIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF " OXYCOBALTIAQUE "(of Fremy). 
 5 N H 3 . Co 2 O 4 , 2 N 6 -f 2 Aq Decomposed by wa- 
 ter, especially if this 
 
 is hot, with formation of an insoluble subsalt. 
 Soluble in warm, less soluble in cold ammonia- 
 water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 271.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PALLAD6z'AMiN. Easily soluble 
 N 2 ^ H a . Pd 0, N 5 in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF PALLADAMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 N \ {J 3 . O, N 5 warm, less soluble in cold ammo- 
 
 * ' nia-water. 
 
 NITRATE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Decomposed 
 PdO, N0 6 by water, and alcohol. (Fischer.) 
 Decomposed by water, even in the 
 cold, to a basic salt, which separates out, and free 
 nitric acid, containing trates of oxide of palladium, 
 which remains in solution. No acid salt is 
 formed. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. pp. 143, 
 140.) Exceedingly deliquescent. When a solu- 
 tion of it is diluted with much water, a basic nitrate 
 is precipitated. (Kane, Phil. Trans., 1842, 
 p. 293.) 
 
 .II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Kane, Phil. 
 4 Pd 0, N O s + 4 Aq Trans., 1842, pp. 293, 294.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PAPAVERIN. Soluble in hot, less 
 C 40 H 2 j N 8 , H 0, N 8 soluble in cold water. 
 
 NITRATE OF PHENYLACETOSAMIN. Soluble 
 (Nitrate of AcetylAnilin.) in water, and alcohol. 
 (Natanson.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. Solu- 
 C 14 H 7 N 4 , H 0, N 5 ble in water. Easily solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol. 
 (Kubel.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PHENYLUREA. Sparingly soluble 
 C 14 fl g N 2 2 , H O, N 6 in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF PHENYLUREA & SILVER. Solu- 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 2 , Ag 0, N 5 ble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF PHTHALIDIN. Soluble in alcohol. 
 C 16 H 9 N, H 0, N 5 
 
 NITRATE OF PICOLIN. Soluble in water. 
 N 5 C 12 H 7 ' . H 0, N 5 
 
 NITRATE OF PIPERIDIN. Soluble in water. 
 C 10 H u N, H 0, N 5 Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 38. 83.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PLATiN(ic)6zAMiN. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble, or insoluble in cold, 
 (Nitrate of diplatinamine.) tolerably easily soluble 
 N 2 \ H 6 . Pt" 2 , N O s + Aq in boiling water. Sol- 
 uble in hot, less soluble 
 in cold ammonia- water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 II.) acid. Slightly soluble in cold, more freely 
 (Sesquinitrateofdiplatinamin.) soluble in 
 
 2 (XjH 6 .Pt''0 2) N0 5 Y, HO,N0 5 boiling water. 
 
 Less soluble 
 
 in nitric acid than in water. A saturated aqueous 
 solution of this salt gives no precipitate with pot- 
 ash or ammonia, even when heated, nor is it pre- 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 389 
 
 cipitated by sulphuric acid or chloride of ammo- 
 nium. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PLATIN(ZC)AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold, more sol- 
 (Nitrate of Platinamine.) u ble in boiling water. 
 N "a,, 0,, N B + 3 Aq 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in cold water. Soluble in 
 
 N |, 2) 2 N 5 
 
 hot nitric acid - 
 
 NITRATE OF PLATIN(OMS)WAMIN. Readily sol- 
 
 (Nitrate of diPlatosamin. Ammonia- uble in water. 
 Nitrate of protoxide of Platinum.) ( R e j setj Ann. 
 N 2 ) H 6 . Pf 0, N 5 Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 11. 421.) 
 
 Soluble in about 10 pts. of boiling water. Insol- 
 uble, or but sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Pey- 
 rone, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. pp. 203, 208.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PLATIN(OUS)AMMONIUM. Toler- 
 
 (Nitrate of Platosamine.) ably easily soluble in 
 
 N \ p. 0, N 5 water. (Reiset, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 
 
 426.) Soluble in ammonia- water, with combina- 
 tion. (Reiset, Ibid., p. 431.) 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF PLATINUM. Soluble 
 Ft 0, N B in water. 
 
 NITRATE ofbinoxide OF PLATINUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 Pt 2 , 2 N O 8 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 NITRATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM & OF POT- 
 ASH. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 
 NITRATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM & OF SODA. 
 Known only in nitric acid solution. (Doebereiner.) 
 
 NITRATE OF PLATOSAMMONIUM. Vid. Nitrate 
 of Platin(ows)AMMONiuM. 
 
 NITRATE OF PLATOSOPYRIDIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF PLUMBETHTL. Readily soluble 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 Pb 2 0, N 0, in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Readily 
 (Nitre. Saltpetre.) soluble in water, with consider- 
 K 0, N 5 a bi e re( j uc tion of temperature. 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 13.32 pts. of it. 
 
 5.01 
 
 16.72 
 
 11.67 
 
 ' 22.23 
 
 17.91 
 
 ' 29.31 
 
 24.94 
 
 38.40 
 
 35.13 
 
 54.82 
 
 45.10 
 
 74.66 
 
 54.72 
 
 ' 97.05 
 
 65.45 
 
 ' 125.42 
 
 79.72 
 
 ' 169.27 
 
 97.66 
 
 ' 236.45 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 11. 314.) 
 1 pt. of the salt 100 pts. of the satu- 
 
 is soluble in At C. rated solution con- 
 pts. of water. taining pts. of the salt. 
 
 7.51 ... ... 11.72 
 5.98 5.01 14.33 
 
 4.50 11.67 18.18 
 
 3.41 17.91 22.66 
 
 2.60 24.94 27.74 
 
 1.33 45.10 
 
 less than 0.50 90 
 
 0.42 . 97.66 . . 70.28 
 (Schnbarth's Tech. Chem.; and M. R. & P.) 
 From Gay-Lussac's experiments, H. Kopp de- 
 duced the following formula: 
 100 pts. of water dissolve of the salt, parts = 
 13.32 + 0.5738 T + 0.017168 T 2 + 
 0.0000035977 T 3 . 
 
 By direct experiment Gay- By calculation from the 
 Lussac found that 100 pts. above formula, 100 pts. 
 of water dissolved of the of water should dissolve 
 
 salt, pts. of the salt, pts. 
 
 at . . 13.32 .... 13.32 
 5.01 16.72 16.63 
 
 11.67 22.23 22.36 
 
 17.91 29.31 29.13 
 
 24.94 38.40 38.37 
 
 35.13 54.82 54.82 
 
 45.10 74.66 74.45 
 
 54.72 97.05 96.72 
 
 65.45 125.42 125.42 
 
 79.72 169.27 170.00 
 
 97.66 . . 236.45 . . . 236.45 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 261.) 
 In addition to the above Kopp (loc. cit., p. 262), 
 determined by experiment that 100 pts. of water 
 at 17.8 dissolve 87 pts. of the salt, and at 19.3, 
 88.7 pts. The aqueous solution saturated at 18.1 
 is of 1.1601 sp. gr. ; it contains 22.72% of the salt, 
 or 100 pts. of water at 18.1 dissolve 29.45 pts. of 
 it, i. e. 1 pt. is soluble in 3.396 pts. of water at 
 18.1. (Karsten, Berlin Abkandl., 1840, p. 101.) 
 Soluble in 3.745 pts. of water at 15. (Gerlach's 
 determination. See his table of sp. grs., below.) 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of water at 21; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 21 dissolve 33.3 pts. of it ; or the aque- 
 ous solution saturated at 21 contains 25% of it, 
 and is of 1.1683 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) Soluble in 3 pts. of 
 cold, and in 0.5 pts. of boiling water. (Fourcroy.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 18 is of 1.151 
 sp. gr. ; it contains 21.63% of the salt. Or 100 
 pts. of water at 18 dissolve 27 60 pts. of it, i. e. 
 1 pt. is soluble in 3.62 pts. of water at 18. (Long- 
 champ.) Soluble in 4 pts. of water at 16, and in 
 0.25 pt. of boiling water. (Riffault.) 100 pts. 
 of the aqueous solution saturated at its boiling- 
 point (114.5) contain 74 pts. of the dry salt; or 
 100 pts. of water at 114.5 dissolve 284.61 pts. of 
 it; or 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 0.3513 
 pts. of water at 114.5. (T'. Griffiths, Quar. J. 
 Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) Soluble in 7 pts. of cold 
 water, and in scarcely more than 1 pt. of boiling 
 water. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 179.) Soluble in 
 6.15 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jah- 
 resbericht,fur 1854, p. 76.) The aqueous solution 
 saturated at 15 is of 1.134036 sp. gr., and con- 
 tains dissolved in every 100 pts. of water at least 
 24.327 pts. of the salt. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 26.6 pts. of it; at 15.5, 
 14.25 pts., and at 100, 100 pts. (Ure's Diet.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 10 contains 
 33.3% of it (Eller) ; at 38(of B's therm.), 15.8% of 
 it (Boerhave) ; " in the cold," 25.0% (Fourcroy) ; 
 at 12.5, 24.8% (Hassenfratz, , Ann de Chim., 28. 
 291). Tables of the solubility of nitrate of pot- 
 ash at various temperatures, by Huss, are said to 
 have been published in the Jahrb. d. k. k. polt/tech. 
 Inst. in Wien.,\o\. 1. p. 415. 
 An aqueous solution Contains 
 
 of sp.gr., at 19.5 Per cent of Pts. of K 0, N 5 
 (sp. gr. of water at K O, N 6 . dissolved in 100 
 
 19.6 = 1) pts. of water. 
 
 1.0307 . . . 4.871 . . . 5.12 
 1.0618 9.618 10.64 
 
 1.0920 14.044 16.34 
 
 1.1198 17.965 21.90 
 
 1.1457 . . 21.488 . . . 27 37 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 120. The second col- 
 umn is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzloesun- 
 gen, p. 34.) From the observations of Kremers 
 and Beilstein, Schiff calculates the following 
 
390 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 table, by means of the formula: D = 1 + 
 0.00629 'p + 0.0000099 p 2 + 0.0000003 p 3 ; in 
 which D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the 
 percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Per cent of , Per cent of 
 S P- &' K 0, N O fi Sp ' gr> K 0, N 5 
 1.032 ... 5 1.246 . . 35 
 1.073 10 1.287 40 
 1.098 15 1.331 45 
 1.132 20 1.378 50 
 1.168 25 1.427 55 
 1.206 ... 30 1.479 . . 60 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 107. 303.) 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experiment) 
 of sp. gr. (at 21) per cent of K 0, N 6 . 
 
 0170 2.77 
 
 A solution of f "K^O N^O 
 sp.gr. (at 16) (carefuli; dried) 5 
 1.0433 6.00 
 
 1.0467 6.61 
 1.0484 6.93 
 1.0489 7.00 
 1.0504 7.27 
 1.0528 7.66 
 1.0541 8.00 
 1.0553 8.08 
 1.0583 8.55 
 1.0610 9.00 
 1 0676 10:00 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 31. 133.) 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 116 
 (Graham Otto); at 114.5 (Griffiths, he. cit.) ; at 
 118 (Kremers, Pwjg. Ann., 91. 19); at 115.6 
 (Faraday); at 115.9. (Legrand, loc. inf. cit.). 
 Tn a solution contain- T , hoilino- 
 ing for 100 pts. of oint is ele- Difference, 
 water, pis. of anhy- p t , 
 drous K 0, N0 5 
 00 . .0 
 
 .0337 5.54 
 .0510 8.31 
 .0695 1 1 .08 
 .1073 16.62 
 1683 24.93 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 339.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ing table by means of the formula : D = 1 + 
 0.005794 p + 0.00004275 p 2 0.0000001742 p 3 ; 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. Per cent of Sp. gr. Per cent of 
 (at 21) K 0, N 5 (at 21) K 0, N Og 
 
 1.0058 . . 1 1.0819 . . 13 
 1.0118 2 1.0887 14 
 1.0178 3 1.0956 15 
 1.0239 4 1.1026 16 
 1.0300 5 1.1097 17 
 1.0363 6 1.1169 18 
 1.0425 7 1.1242 19 
 1.0490 8 1.1316 20 
 1.0555 9 1.1390 21 
 1.0621 10 1.1464 22 
 1.0686 11 1.1538 23 
 1.0752 . . 12 1.1613 . . 24 
 (II. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, HO. 75 ; 
 compare 113. 184.) 
 
 A solution of sp. gr. Contains per cent of 
 (at 16). air-dried K O, N O s 
 
 1 000 0. 
 
 122 1 . . . . 12.2 
 26.4 2 14.2 
 42.2 3 15.8 
 59.6 4 17.4 
 78.3 5 18.7 
 98.2 6 19.9 
 119.0 7 20.8 
 140.6 8 21.6 
 163.0 9 22.4 
 185.9 10 22.9 
 209.2 1 1 23.3 
 233.0 12 23.8 
 257.6 13 24.6 
 283.3 14 25.7 
 310.2 15 .... 26.9 
 335.1 .... 15.9 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having beiai 100.2. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 434.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol of 833 sp. gr., and completely insoluble 
 in absolute alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 131.) 
 By no means completely insoluble in absolute al-, 
 cohol, as has been stated by Berzelius. (Kir- 
 choff & Bunsen, Pogg. Ann., 1861, 113. 368, note.) 
 Difficultly soluble in spirit, and as good as insol- 
 uble in absolute alcohol. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 120.) Soluble in 48 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 ( Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, p. 300. [T.] ) ; in 
 100 pts. of alcohol. (Riffault.) 100 pts. of alco- 
 hol of 0.900 sp. gr. dissolve 2.76 pts. of it ; of 
 0.872 sp. gr. 1 pt. of it ; but it is insoluble in al- 
 cohol of from 0.817 to 0.848 sp. gr. (Kirwan, 
 On Mineral Waters, p. 274. [T.].) Soluble in 
 100 pts. of alcohol of 0.878 sp. gr., but stronger 
 alcohol does not take up any sensible portion of 
 it. (Kirwan.) 
 A solution (saturated at 16) Contains 
 in alcohol of per cent 
 Sp. gr. Per cent of K 0, N O 5 
 by weight 
 
 1 000 . . .... 20.5 
 
 1.0062 1. 
 1.0125 2. 
 1.0186 3. 
 1 .0244 4. 
 1.0302 5. 
 1.0353 6. 
 1.0408 7. 
 1.0468 8. 
 1.0531 9. 
 1.0595 10. 
 1.0658 H. 
 1.0722 12. 
 1.0786 13. 
 1.0850 14. 
 1.0917 15. 
 1.0984 16. 
 1.1050 17. 
 1.1119 18. 
 1.1186 19. 
 1.1255 20. 
 1.1322 21. 
 1.1389 22. 
 1.1456 23. 
 1.1522 24. 
 1.1570 .... 24.88 (sat'd sol.) 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 27. 137, and 28. 
 300.) 
 
 0.986 10 13.2 
 0.972 20 8.5 
 0?958 30 5.6 
 0.939 40 4.3 
 0.917 50 2.8 
 0.895 60 1.7 
 0.847 ... 80 0.4 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 
 365.) Almost insoluble in ether. (Braconnot.) 
 Soluble in concentrated nitric acid, also more 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 891 
 
 readily soluble in dilute nitric acid than in pure 
 water. Alcohol precipitates it from these solu- 
 tions. (Braconnot.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of 
 nitrate of soda. A solution thus obtained, at 
 18.75, contains 55.28% of mixed salt; or 100 pts. 
 of water dissolve 123.79 pts. of salt, viz. 35.79 pts. 
 of K O, N O s , and 88 pts. of Na O, N O B . This 
 solution is not of the same composition as that 
 obtained by treating a mixture of the two salts 
 with water at 18.75. Such a solution contains 
 57.37% of mixed salt, or 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 134.38 pts. of mixed salt. (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 handl., 1840, p. 118.) Soluble in a saturated solu- 
 tion of nitrate of ammonia, at first 1 without caus- 
 ing any precipitation, but subsequently with pre- 
 cipitation of the latter, until a certain definite 
 amount has been dissolved, when the reaction 
 ceases. The solution thus obtained has the same 
 sp. gr. as that prepared at the same temperature, 
 by treating a mixture of the two salts with water. 
 (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 113.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 baryta at first to a clear solution, but soon a dou- 
 ble salt (K 0, N Os; Ba 0, N O 6 ) separates. 
 After this precipitation has ceased, the solution, of 
 1.1675 sp. gr, contains 23.09% of mixed salt; 100 
 pts. of water dissolve 30.03 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 
 29.03 pts. K O, N B , and 1 pt. Ba 0, N 6 . Sat- 
 urated solutions of K O, N O 6 , and of Ba O, 
 N O 5 , may be mixed in any proportion without 
 the formation of any precipitate. (Karsten, Ber- 
 lin Abhandl., 1840, p. 126.) When a mixture of 
 nitrate of baryta and nitrate of potash is treated 
 with water, 100 pts. of the latter dissolve at 21.5, 
 38.8 pts. of the mixed salts, of which 5.7 pts. are 
 Ba O, N O s ; at 23, 39.8 pts. of the mixed salts, 
 of which 3.5 pts. are Ba O, N 5 . The solubility 
 of pure nitrate of 
 
 baryta is at j * J'j = J;J ; that of 
 
 . ( 21.5 = 33.6 
 nitrate of potash at ) 93 o = 35 6 
 
 consequently the calculated composition of the 
 mixed salts dissolved should be at 21.5. 
 ( 33.6 K O, N 5 . 
 total 38.8= | 5 . 2Ba 6,N6 8 ' 
 
 total ( 35.6 K 0, N O B 
 39.8 *"] 4.2BaO,NO s 
 By experiment there was? found at 21.5 
 '33.1 KO, NO 5 . 
 5.7 BaO, NCV 
 
 . OQO 
 at23 
 
 total 38 
 
 '-1 
 
 . _, total ( 36.3 K O, N 5 
 3 39.8 = ] 3.5 Ba O, N O 
 As a general rule, when two salts of a single acid 
 are dissolved together, that of the stronger base 
 retains its own solubility as if no other salt were 
 present, and the salt of the weaker base dissolves 
 in the solution of the other. (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 265.) 
 
 A saturated solution of nitrate of potash which 
 has dissolved some nitrate of lime has no tendency 
 to dissolve any more nitrate of potash, but rather 
 to deposit a little of that already dissolved. 
 (Lavoisier, Ann. de Chim., 1792, 15. pp. 237, 244.) 
 Soluble in a solution of nitrate of lime. After 
 crystallizing out all the K 0, N O B which would 
 separate at 5, the solution contained 16.33 pts. of 
 Ca O, N Os, 5.57 pts. of K O, N Os, and 17.26 
 pts. of water, that is to say, more than twice as 
 much K 0, N Os as 17.26 pts. of pure water could 
 dissolve at this temperature. (Longchamp, Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys., (2.) 9. 8.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of lead 
 
 without causing any precipitation of the latter. 
 The solution thus obtained at 18.75 contains 
 51.71% of mixed salt; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 107.6 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 51.56 pts. Pb O, 
 N O s and 53.04 pts. K O, N 5 . This solution is 
 of different composition from that obtained by 
 treating a mixture of the two salts (in excess) 
 with water at 18.75, for the latter contains 62.87% 
 of mixed salt; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 169.2 
 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 109.8 pts. Pb 0, N O s and 
 59.2 pts. K O, N B . (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1 840, p. 1 1 7. ) [See also under NITRATE OF LEAD.] 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of lead 
 and of soda (Na 0, Pb 0), N O 6 without causing 
 any precipitation, but the solution thus obtained 
 is not saturated, since it contains less of all the 
 salts than the solution prepared by treating a mix- 
 ture of them with water. (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 ItandL, 1840, p. 132.) 
 
 Chloride of sodium dissolves in a saturated 
 aqueous solution of nitrate of potash with slight 
 elevation of temperature, and the mixed solution 
 obtained is now capable of dissolving more K O, 
 N 5 , the solubility of the latter appearing to in- 
 crease in the same ratio as the quantity of Na Cl 
 present ; but after a while a large portion of the 
 K O, N dissolved is deposited again ; this de- 
 position may, however, depend upon accidental 
 circumstances. (Fourcroy & Vauquelin, Ann. de 
 Chim., 11. 130, et seq.) A solution saturated at 
 18 is of 1.151 sp. gr., and contains 21.63% of 
 K O, N ; when Na Cl is added to this solution 
 a portion dissolves, and the solution thus obtained 
 can now dissolve new portions of K O, N Os ; 
 thus : 
 
 
 grms. gnns. 
 100 5. 
 
 100 10. 
 
 100 15. 
 
 100 20. 
 
 100 25. 
 
 100 26.85 
 
 o" 
 M 
 
 grins. 
 0.746 
 1.267 
 1.658 
 1.827 
 2.583 
 3.220 
 
 ^ 
 I* 
 
 grms. 
 21.63 
 21.63 
 21.63 
 21.63 
 21.63 
 21.63 
 
 grms. 
 22.376 
 22.897 
 23.288 
 23.457 
 24.213 
 24.850 
 
 1.1871 
 1.2212 
 1.2523 
 1.2832 
 1.3096 
 1.3290 
 
 The last row of figures represents the maximum 
 of K O, N Os and Na Cl which are dissolved at 
 the temperature indicated. At 4 the sp. gr. of a 
 saturated solution of K 0, N O 6 + Na Cl = 1 .3057. 
 It contains 16.06% of KO, N Os and 22.2% of Na 
 Cl. An amount of H which, when pure, could 
 only dissolve 100 pts. of K O, N O 5 at this tem- 
 perature, now holds in solution 152.64 pts. of this 
 salt. (Longcharnp, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 9. 
 pp. 8, 10, 11.) Soluble in a saturated solution of 
 chloride of sodium. The solution thus obtained 
 at 18.75 contains 41.05% of mixed salt ; or 100 
 pts of water dissolve 69.65 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 
 36.53 pts. Na Cl and 33.12 pts. K 0, N O 6 . This 
 solution is not of the same composition as that 
 prepared by treating a mixture of the two salts 
 with water at 18.75, for the" latter contains 43.73% 
 of mixed salt ; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 77.72 
 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 38.53 pts. of K 0, N E and 
 39.19 pts. of Na Cl. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 117.) When a mixed solution of K O, 
 
392 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 Found at 15.3 
 
 t A 
 Calculated at do. 
 
 N Os and of Na Cl is evaporated at the boiling 
 temperature, Na Cl separates out first, but when 
 evaporated at ordinary temperatures, K 0, N O 5 
 separates out first. (Vauquelin, Ann. de C/iim., 
 13. 97.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 potassium without precipitating any of the latter. 
 A solution of same sp. gr. as the above is obtained 
 when a mixture of the two salts is treated with 
 water. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandi., 1840, p. 113.) 
 When a mixture of nitrate of potash and chloride 
 of potassium is treated with water 100 pts. of the 
 latter dissolve at 12.9, 47.3 pts. of the mixed salts, 
 of which 28.5 pts. are chloride of potassium ; at 
 15.3, 47.7 pts. of the mixed salts, of which 28.8 
 pts. are chloride of potassium. 
 
 At 1 2 9 the solubility of pure K 0, N 5 = 23.6 
 
 " 15.3 =26.1 
 
 that of K Cl at these temperatures = 32.8 
 
 and 33.4. 
 
 Found at 12.9 47.3 = 18.8 + 28.5 
 
 . , 23.6 ( 56.4 : 23.6: 32.8"= 
 Calculated at do. 32 8 J 4? 3 . 19 g . 27 5 
 
 47.7 = 18.9 + 28.8 
 
 26.1 C 59.5: 26.1 : 33.4 = 
 3g>4 j 4? ? . 2Q g . 26 8 
 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 264.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. The solution thus obtained, at 18.75 
 contains 43.07 pts. of mixed salt, consequently 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 75.66 pts. of mixed salt, 
 viz. 37.98 pts. N H 4 Cl, and 37.68 pts. K O, N O s . 
 This solution is of different composition from that 
 prepared by treating a mixture of the two salts 
 with water. This last containing 44.28% of mixed 
 salt ; 100 pts. of water dissolving 79. 46 pts. of mix- 
 ed salt, viz. 38.62 pts. K 0, N 6 and 39.84 pts. 
 N H 4 Cl. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandi., 1840, p. 1 19.) 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of am- 
 monium, from which solution it is not displaced 
 by salts which would precipitate it from its solu- 
 tion in pure water. (Margueritte, C. R., 38. 307.) 
 
 A saturated solution of nitrate of potash which 
 has dissolved some chloride of calcium has no ten- 
 dency to dissolve any more nitrate of potash, but 
 rather to deposit a small portion of that already 
 dissolved. (Lavoisier, Ann. de Chim., 1792, 15. pp. 
 237, 244.) Soluble in a saturated solution of 
 chloride of barium, while nitrate of baryta sepa- 
 rates out. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 130.) 
 
 Slowly soluble in a saturated solution of sul- 
 phate of potash, at first without causing any pre- 
 cipitation, but afterwards with separation of K 0, 
 S O 3 . The solution thus obtained contains, at 
 18.75, 25.083% of mixed salt ; or 100 pts. of water 
 dissolve 33.42 pts. of mixed salt, viz 29 46 pts. 
 K O, N Os and 3.96 pts. K O, S O 3 . A solution 
 identical with the above is obtained when a mix- 
 ture of the two salts is treated with water. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandi., 1840, p. 112.) When an 
 excess of a mixture of nitrate of potash and sul- 
 phate of potash is treated with water at 20, 100 
 pts. of the water dissolve 33.6 pts. of the mixed 
 salts, of which 6.9 pts. are sulphate of potash and 
 26. 7 'pts. nitrate of potash; a second experiment 
 at the same temperature, gave 33.5 pts. of mixed 
 salt, containing 6.4 pts. sulphate of potash and 
 27.1 pts. nitrate of potash. 
 
 At 20 the solubility of pure K O, N Os = 31.7 ; 
 that of KO, SO 3 = 11.8. 
 
 ,, , ( 33.6 = 26.7 + 6,9 
 Found { 33.5 = 27.1 + 6,4 
 
 r, , , , 31.7 ( 43.5: 31.7 : 11,8 
 Calculated H8 | = 33j6 . 245 . 9)1 
 
 At 40, 100 pts. of water dissolved 64.8 pts. of 
 
 mixed salt containing 5.8 pts. K O, S O. In a 
 second experiment 65.4 pts. of mixed salt were 
 dissolved, of which 5.7 pts. were K O, S O 3 . 
 
 At 40, the solubility of K O, N O 5 = 64 ; that 
 of K O, S 3 = 15.3 
 
 64.8 = 59.0 + 5.8. 
 
 65.4 = 59.7 + 5.7. 
 
 Found 
 
 Calculated 
 
 79.3: 64.0: 15.3 = 
 
 j 64.8 : 52.3 : 12.5 
 | 65.4: 52.8: 12.6 
 
 (H. Kopp, 1840, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 34. 263.) 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate of 
 soda, but after several hours some K O, S 3 sep- 
 arates. (Kareten, loc. cit., pp. 129, 130.) Soluble 
 also in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, 
 but only to form a double sulphate which soon 
 begins to separate. Very slowly and difficultly 
 soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate of mag- 
 nesia with separation of some sulphate of potash. 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 124.) Soluble in a saturated 
 solution of sulphate of zinc, but only to form a 
 double sulphate which immediately separates. 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chlorate of 
 potash, and from this solution nitrate of potash 
 is not precipitated by salts, which would precipi- 
 tate it from its aqueous solution. (Margueritte, 
 C. R., 38. 307.) 
 
 When one equivalent of K 0, N OB, in aqueous 
 solution, is mixed with a solution of an equivalent 
 of acetate of baryta (C* H 3 Ba 04) -$$ of it are 
 decomposed to nitrate of baryta, which may be 
 precipitated by adding alcohol, while -^fa of it 
 remain unchanged; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of acetate of lead (C* Hs Pb O 4 ) 
 ^_ of it are decomposed as before, while T ^- 
 of it remain unchanged ; when mixed with the 
 solution of an equivalent of acetate of strontia 
 (C4H 3 Sr O*), -3-fo of it are decomposed, while 
 T ft^. of it remain unchanged (Malaguti, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203); when mixed 
 with a solution of an equivalent of caustic baryta 
 936j_ of it are decomposed, while y^ff g- of it 
 remain unchanged. (Ibid., p. 205.) 
 
 Unusually large and perfect crystals of nitrate 
 of potash are obtained when it is dissolved in 
 boiling lime-water. It was not found that the 
 latter exerted any similar influence upon other 
 salts besides saltpetre. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 1. 431.) 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Soluble in 
 K 0, N Og ; Na 0, N O 5 water. ( Loose. ) 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH & OF THORIA. Very 
 K 0, N 5 ; Th 0, N 5 soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH & OF UREA. 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH & GLYCOCOL. Soluble 
 
 C 4 H 4 N 3 , K 0, N 6 in water, from which it is 
 
 precipitated on the addition 
 
 of strong alcohol. (Horsford, Am J. &i., (2.) 4. 
 
 68.) 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH with ^/SULPHATE OF 
 
 K 0, N O a ; K 0, H 0, 2 S O s POTASH. Decomposed 
 
 by water, and alcohol. 
 
 (Jacquelain) ; (compare Green, Am. J. Sci., (1.) 
 3. 93.) ' 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH with SULPHOMOLYB- 
 DATE OF POTASH. 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH with SULPHOTUNGSTATE 
 K S, W S s ; K 0, N Ofj OF POTASH. Very soluble 
 in water, and almost as read- 
 ily in cold as in hot. Insoluble in alcohol, by 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 393 
 
 which it is precipitated from the aqueous sola 
 tion. (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE OF POTASH with TUNGSTATE OF 
 
 (If itroTungftate of Potash.) POTASH ? 100 pts. O 
 
 boiling water dissolvi 
 
 5 pts. of it. 
 
 NITRATE OF QUINIDIN. Less soluble in wate 
 than the quinine salt. 
 
 NITRATE OF QUININE. Soluble in water 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 4 , H 0, N O s + 2 Aq more readily in ho 
 than in cold, and in 
 alcohol. (Strecker.) 
 
 NITRATE OF QUININE & SILVER. Vid. Nitrate 
 of Silver & Quinine. 
 
 NITRATE OF QUINOLEIN. Permanent. (Wil 
 (Nitrate of Chinoline.) Hams.) Extremely soluble 
 C 18 H 7 N, H 0, N O 5 in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. ( Hofmann, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 172.) 
 
 NITRATE OF RAEWSKY'S IST BASE. Vid. Ni- 
 trate of AmmoniumChloroPlatin(os)ammonium 
 
 6 of AmmoniumOxyPlatin(ous)ammonium. 
 
 NITRATE OF RAEWSKT'S 2o BASE. Said to 
 be identical with Nitrate of AmmoniumChloro- 
 Platin(ows)Ammonium, q. v. 
 
 NITRATE OF RETININ. Soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF RHODIUM. Deliquescent. 
 Rh 2 3 , 3 N 5 
 
 NITRATE OF RHODIUM & OF SODA. Easily 
 Rh 2 3 , 3N0 5 : NaO, N0 fl soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE OF RosEoCoBALT. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Scarcely soluble in cold, de 
 
 (Nitrate of RoseoCobaltiaque.) composed by boiling 
 
 6 N H s . Co 2 3 , 3 N OB water. (Fremy, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 
 
 297.) Rather insoluble in cold water, though more 
 soluble than the sulphate. Also rather more easily 
 soluble in hot water than the sulphate, but the hot 
 solution is readily decomposed unless it be acid. 
 (Gibbs & Genth, Smithsonian Contrib., vol. 9. p. 
 15 of the Memoir.) 
 
 6 = hydrated. Readily soluble in water, even 
 5 N H 8 . Co 2 3 , 8 N OB + 2 Aq when this is cold. 
 The neutral solu- 
 tion is easily decomposed by heating, but the pres- 
 ence of a few drops of nitric acid will prevent this 
 decomposition. Insoluble in cold nitric acid. 
 (Gibbs & Genth, Smitlison. Contrib., vol. 9. p. 17 
 of the Memoir.) 
 NITRATE OF SARCIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF SELENETHYL. Soluble in nitric 
 acid. (Joy.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER. Permanent. Soluble 
 Ag 0, N B in 1 pt. of cold, and in 0.5 pt. of hot 
 
 water. 
 
 Soluble in 0.82 pt. of water at 0. 
 " 0.44 " 19.5. 
 
 " 0.20 " 54. 
 
 0.14 " 85. 
 
 " 0.09 " 110. 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at above 
 125. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) Soluble 
 in 1.333 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschriftfiir Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahres- 
 bericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) The hot aqueous solu- 
 tion is liable to become supersaturated on cooling. 
 (Fischer, Schw., 12. 187. [Gm.].) 
 
 Soluble in 2.4 pts. of strong boiling alcohol. 
 (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschqft, p. 300. [T.].) 
 50 
 
 Soluble in 10 pts. of alcohol. (Dumas, Tr.) ; in 
 4 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in glycerin. (Pelouze.) Soluble in 
 ether. (Berzelius, Lelirb., 3. 928.) Abundantly 
 soluble in cold creosote, the solution undergoing 
 decomposition when boiled. (Reichenbach.) In- 
 soluble in strong nitric acid, which precipitates it 
 from the aqueous solution, and also from the solu- 
 tion in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & GLYCOCOLL. Deliqnes- 
 C 4 H 3 N o s , Ag 0, N 5 cent. Soluble in water. 
 (Horsford,4m. J. Sci., (2.) 
 4. 68.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER with WNITROETHYLATE 
 C 4 H 5 AgN 2 4 ; Ag 0, NO 5 OF SILVER. Very 
 sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & OXIDE OF CACODYL 
 3 C 8 H u As 2 O 2 , 2 (Ag 0, N 6 ) ( Alkarsin). Insoluble 
 in cold, decomposed 
 by hot nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & QUININE. Soluble in 
 C 40 H-a N 2 4 , Ag 0, N 5 + Aq 285 pts. of water 
 at 1 5 ; more solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Insoluble, or very sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm.. 
 91. 161.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & SINAMIN. Ppt. 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & SARCIN. Insoluble in 
 
 C 10 H 4 N 4 2 , Ag 0, N 6 water, or in cold dilute 
 
 nitric acid. Soluble in 
 
 moderately concentrated boiling nitric acid, sepa- 
 rating out again unchanged as the solution cools. 
 ( Strecker. ) 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & STRYCHNINE. 
 CM H 22 N 2 4 , Ag 0, N 5 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & THEOBROMINE. Very 
 C 14 H 8 N 4 4 , Ag 0, N O s sparingly soluble in 
 
 water. (Glasson.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & THIOSINAMIN. Insol- 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 S 2 , Ag 0, N OB uble in cold, decomposed by 
 boiling water. Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in warm, dilute nitric acid. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of nitrate of silver 
 and of thiosinamine. (Aschoff.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & OF TOLUIDIN. Ppt. 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER & UREA. 
 
 I.) C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , Ag 0, N 6 Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 The aqueous solution is decomposed when 
 boiled for some time. 
 
 II.) c 2 H 4 N 2 2 ,2(AgO,N0 5 ) Soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF SINAPIN. Readily soluble in 
 water, (v. Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SINKALIN. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 ble in water, (v. Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SODA. Deliquesces in very moist 
 Na 0, N 5 air. Soluble in water, with great re- 
 duction of temperature. Soluble in 
 about 3 pts. of water at 16, and in 1 pt. at 52; 
 much more soluble in boiling water. (Dumas, 
 Tr., 6. 238.) 
 Soluble in 1.58 pts. of water at 6 
 
 0.46 
 '2.89 
 1.12 
 0.79 
 1.14 
 1.136 
 
 + 119 (Marx.) 
 
 2} 
 
 28 > Osann. 
 47) 
 
 18.5(H.Kopp.) 
 18.75 (Karsten.) 
 
394 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 1 pt. of Na 0, N 5 
 
 dissclTes iu pts. water. 
 
 AtC. 
 
 100 pts. of the 
 saturated solu- 
 tion contain 
 pts. ofNaO,N0 5 
 
 An aqueous solution of 
 sp. gr. at 19.5 (sp. gr. of 
 water at 19.5 = 1.) 
 
 
 
 
 1.0844 . . . 
 
 1.55 . . . 
 
 6 . 
 
 38.68 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 
 
 44.44 
 
 1.1667 
 i f><i^n 
 
 [?] 4.40 
 
 10 
 
 18.50 
 
 1 .^4OU 
 
 1.3176 
 
 1.82 
 
 15.5 
 
 35.48 
 
 1.3805 . . 
 
 0.46 . . . 
 
 119 . 
 
 . 68.60 
 
 /TTrr>mprfi T*nnri A 
 
 (Mohr, lledwood & Procter's Pharmacy, p. 243.) 
 
 Contains 
 
 Per cent of Pts. of Na 0, N O n 
 Na 0, N 5 dissolved in 100 
 pts. of water. 
 
 12.057 . . . 13.71 
 
 22.726 29.41 
 
 31.987 47.03 
 
 39.860 66.28 
 
 46.251 . . . 86.05 
 
 Ann., 95. 120. The second 
 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der SalzlcRsun- 
 
 Soluble in 1.16 pts. of water at 20; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 20 dissolve 86.6 pts. of it ; or the 
 aqueous solution saturated at 20 contains 46.4% 
 of it, and is of 1 .3806 sp. gr. ( H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) Soluble in 2 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from CEsterr. Zeitschrift 
 fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht,Jur 
 
 gen, p. 34.) An aqueous solution, saturated at 
 8, is of 1.377 sp. gr. (Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 
 24.211.) 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains (by ex- 
 lutionofsp.gr. periment) per 
 (at 20.2) cent of Na , N O a 
 
 1.0342 5.165 
 
 '1854, p. 76.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 6.1 dissolve 63.1 pts. of it. 
 " 0. " 80. " 
 " -+- 10 " 22.7 " 
 
 1.0698 10.33 
 1.1075 15.50 
 1.1478 20.66 
 1.2326 30.99 
 1.3806 4648 
 
 " 16 " 55. " 
 19 218.5 " 
 
 (Marx.) The statement of Marx, that the salt is 
 more than three times as soluble in water at 
 than at 10 having been doubted by Poggiale, the 
 latter instituted a new series of experiments. 
 That his results do not agree with those of Marx 
 may be seen by comparing the two tables. 
 
 100 pts. of water Dissolve of the anhy- 
 (at C) drous salt parts 
 
 6 68.80 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 338.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ing table by means of the formula : D = 1 + 
 0.006484 p -f 0.00002544 p 2 + 0.0000002416 p 3 ; 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. er. Per cent of Sp. gr. Per cent of 
 (at 20.2) NaO, N0 5 (at 20.2) NaO,N0 5 
 1.0065 . . 1 1.1904 . . 26 
 1.0131 2 1.1987 27 
 1.0197 3 1.2070 28 
 1.0264 4 1.2154 29 
 
 1 fl^^Q ^ 1 99^Q Qn 
 
 79.75 
 + 10 84.30 
 16 87.63 
 20 89.55 
 30 95.37 
 40 102.31 
 50 111.13 
 60 119.94 
 70 129.63 
 80 140.72 
 90 153.63 
 100 168.20 
 120 225 30 
 
 LVvOm t) i. ^').' Ol/ 
 
 1.0399 6 1.2325 31 
 1.0468 7 1.2412 32 
 1.0537 8 1.2500 33 
 1.0606 9 1.2589 34 
 1.0676 10 1.2679 35 
 1.0746 11 1.2770 36 
 1.0817 12 1.2863 37 
 1.0889 13 1.2958 38 
 1.0962 14 1.3055 39 
 1.1035 15 1.3155 40 
 1.1109 16 1.3255 41 
 1.1184 17 1.3355 42 
 
 11 9 AO 1 ft I^J^fi AQ 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 469.) 
 
 [Marx's table is incorrectly printed in Pog- 
 giale's Memoir, in Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 473.] 
 In 100 pts. of the aqueous solution saturated at 
 its boiling point, 119, are contained 60 pts. of the 
 dry salt. Or 100 pts. of water at 119 dissolve 
 150 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 
 0.666 pt. of water at 119. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. 
 Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) The aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at 18.75 is of 1.3769 sp. gr. ; it contains 
 
 * L \)\J 1 O I.OrlOD ftO 
 
 1.1338 19 1.3557 44 
 1.1418 20 1.3659 45 
 1.1498 21 1.3761 46 
 1.1578 22 1.3864 47 
 1.1659 23 1.3968 48 
 1.1740 24 1.4074 49 
 1.1822 . . 25 1.4180 . . 50 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 75.) 
 
 Sp. gr. (at 12. 5) Per cent of Na O, N 6 
 1.0059 1 
 
 46.81% of the salt; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 
 88.001 pts. of it at 18.75. (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 handl., 1840, p. 101.) The aqueous solution satu- 
 rated " in the cold," contains 33.3% of it (Four- 
 croy) ; at 12.5, 34% (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 
 28. 291.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 33 
 pts. of it, and at 52.2, 100 pts. (Ure's Diet.) 
 If a solution which is not yet saturated be con- 
 centrated by boiling, it will become somewhat 
 supersaturated. In a solution thus prepared the 
 boiling temperature was 123 just before crystals 
 began to separate. With the separation of the 
 first crystals the boiling point fell to its normal, 
 122. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 97. pp. 21, 19.) 
 
 1.0119 2 
 1.0180 3 
 1.0240 4 
 1.0300 5 
 1 .0359 6 
 1.0419 7 
 \.0480 8 
 1.0540 9 
 1.0600 10 
 1.0719 12 
 1.0840 14 
 1.0960 16 
 1.1081 18 
 1.1202 20 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 395 
 
 Sp. gr. (at 12.5) Per cent of Na 0, N O s 
 
 1.1336 22 
 
 1.1482 24 
 
 1.1628 26 
 
 1.1779 28 
 
 1.1920 30 
 
 1.2099 32 
 
 1.2294 34 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 300.) 
 
 In a solution containing for The boiling- 
 100 pts. of water pts. of an- point is ele- Difference, 
 hydrous JVa 0, N 5 vated. 
 
 0.0 .... 
 
 9.3 1 . . 9.3 
 
 18.7 2 9.4 
 
 28.2 3 9.5 
 37.9 4 9.7 
 47.7 5 9.8 
 
 57.6 6 9.9 
 
 67.7 7 10.1 
 77.9 8 10.2 
 
 88.3 9 10.4 
 
 98.8 10 10.5 
 
 109.5 11 10.7 
 120.3 12 10.8 
 
 131.3 13 11.0 
 
 142.4 14 11.1 
 
 153.7 15 11.3 
 165.2 10 11.5 
 
 176.8 17 11.6 
 
 188.6 18 11.8 
 
 200.5 19 11.9 
 
 212.6 20 12.1 
 224.8 .... 21 .. 12.2 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 100.3. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phus., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 435.) 
 
 100 pts. of alcohol, 
 
 of 0.900 sp. gr., dissolve 10.5 pts. of it. 
 " 0.872 " 6. " 
 
 " 0.834 " 0.38 " 
 
 "0.817 " 0.00 " 
 
 (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274. [T.].) 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) in Contains per cent 
 
 alcohol of of Na 0, N 5 
 
 Sp. Gr. Per cent by weight 
 
 1.000 .... .... 45.9 
 0.986 10 39.5 
 
 0.972 20 32.8 
 
 0.958 30 26.2 
 
 0.939 40 20.5 
 
 0.895 60 10.2 
 
 0.847 .... 80 .... 2.7 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 A solution in wood-spirit, of 40% (by weight) 
 saturated at 15 contains 24.4% of it. (H. Schiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) As good as 
 insoluble in absolute'alcohol ; scarcely at all solu- 
 ble in spirit. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 122.) Soluble 
 in 10.4 pts. of boiling alcohol. (Wcnzel, in his 
 Verwandtschaft, p. 300. [T.].) Soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. (Meissner, in his Neues System der Che- 
 mie, 2 Aufl., II. 50.) Insoluble in spirit. (Witt- 
 stein.) Soluble in 4.706 pts. of alcohol of 61. '4% 
 at 26; or 100 pts. of this alcohol dissolve 21.248 
 pts. of the salt at 26. (Pohl, Wien. Akad. Be- 
 richt, 6. 600.) Soluble in glycerin. (Pelouze.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of pot- 
 ash. This solution at 18.1 contains 54.33% of 
 mixed salt; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 118.98 
 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 89.53 pts. Na O, N Os and 
 29.45 pts. of K O, N Os. On the addition of the 
 first portions of Na 0, N O s to a saturated solu- 
 
 tion of K 0, N 5 , especially if a considerable 
 quantity be added at once, crystals of K O, N O 5 
 separate out for a moment, owing to the depres' 
 sion of temperature brought about by the solu- 
 tion of the Na O, N O 5 , but these crystals of K O 
 N O ? all redissolve, even before the solution has 
 regained its original temperature; K 0, N 5 
 being much more soluble in a solution of Na 0, 
 NO, than in pure water. The solution thus ob- 
 tained has not the same composition as that pre- 
 pared by treating a mixture of the two salts with 
 water. For such an one prepared at 15 contained 
 57.37% of salt, or 100 pts. of water dissolve 134.38 
 pts. of the mixed salt. (Karsten. Berlin Abhandl 
 1840, p. 118.) 
 
 Soluble in considerable quantity in a saturated 
 solution of nitrate of ammonia, without any pre- 
 cipitation at first, but after a while a portion of the 
 latter is precipitated. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl. 
 1840, p. 114.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 saryta, a portion of the latter being precipitated. 
 When the reaction ceases the solution contains 
 47.82% of mixed salt; or 100 pts. of water dis- 
 solve at 18.75 91.64 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 87.93 
 pts. of Na O, N O 5 , and 3.69 pts. of Ba 0, N B . 
 A solution identical with the above is obtained 
 when a mixture of the two salts is treated with 
 water. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 111.) 
 When a mixture of nitrate of baryta and nitrate of 
 soda is treated with water, 100 pts. of the latter 
 dissolve at 20, 92.0 pts. of the mixed salts, of 
 which 3.7 pts. are Ba O, N B , and 88.3 pts. are 
 Na 0, N O fi ; at 20.4 92.6 pts. of the mixed salts, 
 of which 3.6 pts. are Ba O, N 5 , and 89.0 pts. 
 are Na 0, N Os- According to the general law, 
 hat when a mixture of two salts of a single acid 
 s treated with water the salt with the stronger 
 >ase dissolves in the water as if no other salt were 
 >resent, the solubility of nitrate of soda calculated 
 rom the above experiments would be 88.6 at 20.2, 
 and by direct experiment [upon pure Na O, N 5 ] 
 t was found that 100 pts. of water dissolved at 
 17.8 87.9 pts. of the salt, and at 19.3 88.7 pts. 
 H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 266.) 
 
 Soluble in considerable quantity in a saturated 
 olution of nitrate of lead, no precipitation occur- 
 ing at first, but after a while nitrate of lead begins 
 o fall, and this precipitation continues so long as 
 nitrate of soda dissolves. The solution thus ob- 
 ained at 18.75 contains 54.84% of the mixed salts ; 
 >r 100 pts. of water dissolve 121.14 pts. of mixed 
 alt, viz. 87.61 pts. of Na O, N B , and 34.53 pts. 
 >f Pb O, N Os- A solution similar to this is ob- 
 ained when a mixture of the two salts, in excess, 
 s treated with water. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 840, p. 111.) Soluble in a saturated solution of 
 itrate of lead and of potash (Pb 0, K O), N O s , 
 nth precipitation of some nitrate of lead, but the 
 olution obtained is not saturated, since it contains 
 ess of the mixed salts than that prepared by 
 treating a mixture of the three salts with water. 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 132.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 potassium, with formation of a portion of K O, 
 N B which at first remains in solution, but as 
 more Na O, N O 5 is dissolved K 0, N O 5 is pre- 
 cipitated. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 123.) 
 If crystals of chloride of sodium are thrown into 
 a solution of nitrate of soda, they dissolve while 
 Na 0, N O is precipitated. When the reaction is 
 completed, the solution at 18.75 contains 43.7% of 
 mixed salt; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 77.8 pts. 
 of mixed salt, viz. 24.96 pts. of Na Cl and 52.84 
 pts. of Na O, N O . A solution identical with 
 
896 
 
 NITRATES. 
 
 the above is obtained wben the mixed salts are 
 dissolved directly in water. (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 handl.^ 18W, p. 108.) 
 
 Abundantly, and at first very rapidly soluble in 
 a saturated solution of chloride of ammonium ; 
 after some time the solution proceeds more slowly, 
 though without occasioning any precipitation, 
 until at length some chloride of sodium separates. 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 128.) 
 
 Very rapidly soluble in a saturated solution of 
 chloride of barium with separation of nitrate of 
 baryta. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 129.) 
 
 Readily soluble in a saturated solution of sul- 
 phate of potash, without causing any precipitation. 
 This solution at 18.75 contains 51.07% of mixed 
 salt; or 100 pts. of water dissolve 105.4 pts. of 
 mixed salt, of which 7.64 pts. are K O, S Os. 
 (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 123.) Soluble 
 in a saturated solution of sulphate of soda, with- 
 out causing any precipitation of the latter. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 115.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate of 
 magnesia, at first to a clear solution, but subse- 
 quently with precipitation of a portion of the 
 Na O, N O B . The solution thus obtained has the 
 same sp. gr. as that prepared at the same temper- 
 ature, by treating a mixture of the two salts with 
 water. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 115.) 
 Very abundantly soluble in a saturated solution 
 of sulphate of copper, at first to a clear solution, 
 but subsequently with formation of a double sul- 
 phate. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 129.) Very rapidly 
 soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate of zinc, 
 with precipitation of Zn O, S O 3 at first, apparently 
 on account of the reduction of temperature occa- 
 sioned by the solution of the Na O, N OB. Sub- 
 sequently the Zn O, S O 8 redissolves, and finally 
 a double salt of Na O, S O 3 ; Zn O, S O 3 separates 
 out. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 116.) 
 Insoluble in strong nitric acid. (Braconnot.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SODA & UREA. Permanent. 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , Na O, N 6 + 2 Aq Soluble in water, 
 the solution not 
 being decomposed by boiling. 
 
 NITRATE OF SOLANIK. Soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF SPARTEIN. Exceedingly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF STANN(OMS)ETHYL. Soluble in 
 C 4 H 5 Sn 0, N 5 water. 
 
 NITRATE OF cfo'STANNin'ETHYL. Readily sol- 
 (C 4 H 6 ) 3 Sn 2 0, N O 6 uble in ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF te<raSTANx(ous)ETHYL. Soluble 
 (C 4 H 6 Sn) 4 0, N B in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF tefrcrSTANNZn'ETiiYL. Soluble in 
 (C 4 H ) 3 Sn 4 0, N 5 alcohol. Sparingly soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF teiraSTANNgwn^ETHYL. Similar 
 (0 4 H 4 ) 6 Sn 4 0, N O s to the | salt. 
 
 NITRATE OF STANNMETHYL. 
 
 NITRATE OF STIBC?AMYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter or dilute spirit. Easily soluble in absolute al- 
 cohol. Very difficultly soluble in ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF STiB<n'AMYL. Insoluble in water 
 
 Sb (C 10 H u ) 3 2 , 2 N 8 or ether. Easily soluble in 
 
 spirit. (BerM.) 
 
 NITRATE 6F STIBM'ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very easily soluble 
 Sb ( C 4 H B ) 3 2 , H 0, N O fl in water. ( Merck. ) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water ; more diffi- 
 
 Sb (C 4 H 6 ) 3 3 , 2 N B cultly soluble in alcohol, and 
 
 scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 ether. Difficultly soluble in water acidulated 
 with nitric acid. (Lccwig & Schweizer. ) 
 
 NITRATE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Deliquescent. 
 Sb (C 4 H 6 ) 4 0, N 5 Very soluble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. Readily solu- 
 Sb (C 2 H 3 ) 4 0, N 5 uble in water. Slowly soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. Unacted 
 upon by strong boiling sulphuric acid. 
 NITRATE OF STRONTIA. Very efflorescent. 
 Sr 0, N O s & + 4 Aq 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is 
 soluble in 1 pt. of water at 
 16, and in 0.5 pt. of boiling water (Dumas, Tr.) ; 
 in 5 pts. of cold, and 0.5 pt. of boiling water 
 (Otto-Graham, & in Gmelin) ; in 5 pts. of cold, 
 and in 0.5 pt. of boiling water ; the saturated cold 
 solution containing 1 6.66% of it, and the saturated 
 boiling {solution 66.66% (M. R. & P.) ; in -2 pts. 
 of cold, and 0.5 pt. of boiling water (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) ; 100 pts. of the aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at its boiling-point (106.5) contain 53 pts. 
 of the dry salt; or 100 pts. of water at 106.5 dis- 
 solve 112.98 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of the dry salt is 
 soluble in 0.88 pt. of water at 106.5. (T. Grif- 
 fiths, Quar. J. Sri., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt 
 
 is soluble in 2.32 pts. of water at 
 1.73 ' 10 
 
 1.10 ' 25 
 
 1.02 ' 50 
 
 0.99 ' 75 
 
 0.94 ' 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) Soluble in 
 2 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift filr Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jah- 
 resbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous solution of Pts. of Sr 0, 
 
 sp. gr. at 19.5 (sp. gr. of Per cent of N Or, dissolved 
 water at 19.5 = 1.) Sr 0, N 5 . in 100 pts. of 
 
 water. 
 
 1.0428 . . . 5.195 . . 5.48 
 
 1.0930 10.873 12.20 
 
 1.1097 12.694 14.54 
 
 1.2027 22.003 k 28.21 
 
 1.2927 29.967 42.79 
 
 1.3222 . 32.396 47.92 
 
 1.3705 36.265 56.90 
 
 1.3862 37.308 59.51 
 
 1.4067 . . . 38.830 . . 63.48 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 121. The second 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesvn- 
 gen, p. 35.) The saturated aqueous solution boils 
 at 107.5. (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499) ; at 
 108. (Kremers, Ibid., 99. 43.) 
 
 When crystallized at temperatures above 24 
 the anhydrous salt is usually obtained, while that 
 formed below 15.5 is usually hydrated, but be- 
 tween these temperatures there is no certainty as 
 to which salt will separate out. Thus a solution 
 saturated at 29, while cooling down to 16.6 
 deposited nothing but anhydrous crystals; and a 
 solution saturated at 21.6, by standing some 
 hours in a spot where the temperature did not 
 fall below 21, gave only (4)hydrated crystals. 
 The statements that the crystallized salt contains 
 5 equiv*. of water are erroneous. When heated, 
 the hydrated salt is resolved into a liquid and the 
 anhydrous nitrate ; it may even become moist 
 during hot summer weather if kept in a close 
 vessel. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 27. 18.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Sr O, N O B in aque- 
 ous solution, is mixed with a solution of an 
 equivalent of acetate of potash (Ct Hs K Q t )${-$ 
 of it are decomposed to nitrate of potash, which 
 
NITRATES. 
 
 397 
 
 may be precipitated by adding alcohol, while 
 ^$5. of it remain unchanged ; when mixed with 
 a solution of an equivalent of acetate of lead, 
 (C 4 H 3 Pb O) T 3 ^ of it are decomposed as be- 
 fore, while -!$ of it remain unchanged. (Mala- 
 guti, Ann. G'A. et Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) In- 
 soluble in absolute, but sparingly soluble in ordi- 
 nary alcohol. (Braconnot.) Soluble in 8500 pts. 
 of absolute alcohol, and in 60000 pts. of a mix- 
 ture of equal volumes of absolute alcohol and 
 ether. (H. Rose.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 strong nitric or chlorhydric acid. (H. Wurtz, 
 Am.J.Sci., (2.) 25.377.) 
 
 NITRATE OF STRONTIA with TARTRATE OF 
 Sr 0, N O s ; C 8 H 4 Sr Sb"' 14 + Aq ANTIMONY & OF 
 
 STRONTIA. 
 
 Somewhat efflorescent. Readily soluble in cold 
 water, the solution undergoing partial decom- 
 position when boiled. 
 
 NITRATE OF STRYCHNINE. Permanent. Sol- 
 
 C 42 H 22 N 2 4 , HO, NO S uble in about 50 pts. of 
 
 water at 22. (Bouchar- 
 
 dat, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 229.) Soluble in 50 
 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts, of boiling water; in 60 
 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 (Wittstein's Ilandw.) Soluble in 60 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 filr Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) Much more soluble in warm than 
 in cold water. Very sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 6.6 pts. of it. 
 (Schlimpert, Kopp $ Will's Jahresbericht, fur 1859, 
 p. 405.) 
 
 NITRATE OF SULPHATE OF POTASH. Decom- 
 K 0, S 3 ; H 0, N 5 posed by water, and by al- 
 cohol. More soluble than 
 nitrate of potash in nitric acid. (Jacquelin, 
 Berzelius's Lehrb. ) 
 
 NITRATE OF TELLURETHYL. Readily soluble 
 C 4 H Te 0, N 6 in water. (Mallet.) 
 
 NITRATE of binoxide OF TELLURIUM. Pre- 
 
 Te 2 , 2 N 5 cipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 (Berzelius.) It is not precipitated 
 
 by water. (Dumas, Jr.) Soluble in water. 
 
 (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 NITRATE OF TELLURMETHYL. Readily solu- 
 C 2 H 3 Te 0, N 5 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE OF TETRYL. Vid. Nitrate of Butyl. 
 
 NITRATE OF THEOBROMIN. Decomposed by 
 C J4 H 8 N 4 4 , HO,N0 5 water. Soluble in nitric 
 
 acid. (Glasson.) 
 
 NITRATE OF TmAcETONiN. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. (Stasdeler.) 
 
 NITRATE OF THIALDIN. More soluble in wa- 
 C 12 H 18 N S 4) H 0, N 6 ter than the chlorhydrate. 
 Soluble in alcohol, espe- 
 cially when this is hot. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 NITRATE OF THORIA. Deliquescent. Very 
 Th 0, N 5 soluble in water, the solution not un- 
 dergoing decomposition when boiled. 
 Very soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 NITRATE of protoxide OF TIN. Soluble in 
 Sn 0, N B water acidulated with nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE of binoxide OF TIN. Soluble in wa- 
 Sn 2 , 2 N O s ter acidulated with nitric acid. This 
 solution soon decomposes at ordi- 
 nary temperatures, unless it contains nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Berzelius.) 
 
 On diluting the solution with water and then 
 boiling, hydrated oxide of tin is precipitated, the 
 
 precipitation being more complete in proportion 
 as less acid and more water is present. (H 
 Rose, Tr., 1. 245.) 
 
 " PerNiTRATE OF TIN." See ^erChloride of 
 Tin (or Ordway's experiments in Am. J. Sci. (2 ) 
 23. 220.) 
 
 NITRATE OF TITANIUM. Soluble in water. 
 NITRATE OF TOLUIDIN. 
 
 NITRATE OF TUNGSTIC ACID. Difficultly 
 soluble in water, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of nitric acid. 
 
 NITRATE OF TYROSIN. Soluble in water. 
 C 18 H 10 N 6 , H 0, N 6 + Aq Partially soluble in 
 alcohol of 90%. 
 
 NITRATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 I.) mono. Effloresces in dry, and deliquesces 
 Ur 2 3 , N 8 + 6 Aq i n mo ist air. 
 
 Soluble in 0.5 pt. of water at 18; in 0.35 pt. of 
 absolute alcohol ; and in 4.0 pts. of ether ; the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when exposed 
 to the light. (Bucholz.) 100 pts. of water at 
 15.5 dissolve 215 pts. of it; 100 pts. of alcohol 
 at 15.5 dissolve 333 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 Effloresces in dry air. Very soluble in water. 
 Melts in its water of crystallization when gently 
 heated. Easily soluble in ether. (Pe'ligot, Ann. 
 Ck. et Phys., (3.) 5. pp. 8, 42.) Melts in its 
 water of crystallization at 59.4, and may remain 
 liquid at 46; begins to boil at 118.3; on con- 
 tinuing to boil, the liquid remains thin and 
 clear till about 4 equivs. of water and a little of 
 the acid have passed off. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., 
 (2.) 27. 17.) 
 
 When the solution of " nitrate of sesqnioxide 
 of uranium " in absolute alcohol is evaporated at 
 a moderate heat, it is decomposed for the most 
 part as soon as it has arrived at a certain degree 
 of concentration. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys.. 
 (3.) 9. 463.) 
 
 II.) ter. Efflorescent. (Berzelius.) Deliques- 
 Ur 2 3 , 3NO B cent. (Lecanu.) Less soluble than 
 No. I. 
 
 Has no existence. (Ebelmen & Peligot.) 
 
 III.) polybasic. Slightly soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in water containing 0.92% of sesquioxide 
 of uranium. (Euclid?:.) The tefbasic salt, as 
 well as the other compounds, which contain less 
 base than this, may be obtained soluble in water. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 209.) 
 
 NITRATE OF UREA. Permanent. Sparingly 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 2 , H 0, N 5 soluble in cold, more solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Solu- 
 ble in 8 pts. of cold, more soluble in hot water. 
 The dilute aqueous solution is decomposed by 
 boiling, but the concentrated solution undergoes 
 no change. Less soluble in water containing 
 nitric acid than in pure water. 
 
 Soluble in 6 pts. of water at' 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Less soluble in 
 strong nitric acid than in water. But little solu- 
 ble in nitric acid, or alcohol. 
 
 NITRATE of binoxide OF VANADIUM. Appears 
 V 2 , 2 N 5 to be soluble in water. Soluble in 
 dilute nitric acid, and the solution 
 undergoes no change on boiling. But if a satu- 
 rated nitric acid solution of hydrate of binoxide 
 of vanadium be evaporated, its blue color changes 
 to green at a certain degree of concentration 
 
398 
 
 NITRIC ETHER. 
 
 and complete decomposition occurs as soon as 
 it has become completely dry. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 NITRATE OF VANADIO Acio(V O 3 ). Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 NITRATE OP XANTHOCOBALT. Rather insol- 
 5 N H 3 . N 2 . Co 2 O g , 2 N 5 + Aq uble in cold, read- 
 
 ily soluble in hot 
 
 water. The solution is easily decomposed by 
 boiling. Much less soluble than chloride of am- 
 monium, or sulphate of ammonia, in cold water. 
 Insoluble in nitric acid. (Gibbs & Genth, Smith- 
 son. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 NITRATE OF YTTRIA. Deliquescent. Very 
 Y 0, N O B soluble in water ; much more readily 
 than the sulphate. 
 
 NITRATE OP ZINC. 
 
 I.) mono. Very deliquescent. Extremely solu- 
 
 Zn N OB + 6 Aq ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Plujs., (3.) 
 
 16. 247.) 
 
 Melts in its water of crystallization at 36.4, 
 and the liquid has been cooled to 30.5 ; it boils 
 at 131.1. This solution cannot be heated long 
 without rendering a portion of the nitrate of zinc 
 basic and insoluble in water. (Ordway, Am. J. 
 Sci., (2.) 27. 16.) The aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at 12.5 contains 57.2% of it. (Hassen- 
 fratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) 
 
 An aqueous 
 
 Contain! 
 
 solution 
 
 per cent < 
 
 ofsp.gr. 
 
 the salt 
 
 (at 12.5) 
 
 
 1 0061 
 
 ... 1 
 
 1.0125 
 
 2 
 
 1.0189 
 
 3 
 
 1.0255 
 
 4 
 
 1.0320 
 
 5 
 
 1.0387 
 
 6 
 
 1.0442 
 
 7 
 
 1.0509 
 
 8 
 
 1.0574 
 
 9 
 
 1.0640 
 
 10 
 
 1.0786 
 
 12 
 
 1.0926 
 
 14 
 
 1.1063 
 
 16 
 
 1.1183 
 
 18 
 
 1.1340 
 
 20 
 
 1.1508 
 
 22 
 
 1.1676 
 
 24 
 
 1.1844 
 
 26 
 
 1.2012 
 
 28 
 
 1.2180 
 
 30 
 
 1.2348 
 
 32 
 
 1.2515 
 
 34 
 
 1.2683 
 
 36 
 
 1.2851 
 
 38 
 
 1.3020 
 
 40 
 
 1.3203 
 
 42 
 
 1.3395 
 
 44 
 
 1.3601 
 
 46 
 
 i:38lO 
 
 48 
 
 1 .4050 
 
 50 
 
 1.4271 
 
 52 
 
 1.4494 
 
 54 
 
 1.4727 . 
 
 . 56 
 
 . ..... 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Cliim., 28. 301.) Only 
 sparingly soluble in concentrated nitric acid. 
 (Braconnot.) 
 
 II.) tetra. Insoluble in water. 
 4 Zn 0, N O s + 2 Aq 
 
 III.) octa. Insoluble in water. 
 8 Zn 0, N 5 + 2 Aq 
 
 NITRATE OF ZIRCONIA. Soluble in water, and 
 Zr 2 3 , 3 N O e spirit. When evaporated at tem- 
 
 peratures lower than 100 the residue is completely 
 soluble in water. The aqueous solution is capa- 
 ble of dissolving much hydrate of zirconia, form- 
 ing basic salts which are soluble in water. When 
 these basic solutions are diluted with much water, 
 and boiled, a still more basic insoluble salt (2 Zr 
 3 , 3 N 6 ) is precipitated. (Hermann.) 
 
 NiTRAzoBENZio. Less soluble in alcohol 
 
 (Nitrazobenzene. Azobenzidenitre. than azobenzid, 
 NitroPhenoylrPhenoylbiamin.) but more golu . 
 
 c H N - N ) c H ble than binitr- 
 
 ^24 "9 W 8 "4 "2 \ ^12 "4 . , 
 
 ( H 2 azobenzid. 
 
 (Laurent & Ger- 
 hard t.) 
 
 ZA'NiTRAzoBENZiD. Very sparingly soluble 
 (Binitrazobenzene. Azobenzidebi- in boiling, 
 
 nitri. DiNitroPhenoylbiamin.) nearly insolu- 
 
 C 24 H 8 N 4 8 - N 2 { <j C " H 8 (N 4 )<<) 2 We in col( j al _ 
 
 cohol or ether. 
 
 (Zinin.) Less soluble in alcohol than mononitr- 
 azobenzid. Soluble, without decomposition, in 
 boiling nitric acid, from which solution it sepa- 
 rates out on cooling. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 NiTRAzoPiiENYLAMiN. Tolerably readily sol- 
 (Azo Phenylamin(of Gottlieb). Ami- able in water, 
 donitranilin. NitroPhenoylbiamin.) 'olpnhnl and 
 
 {r> w /"v n \u ' 
 
 C 12 I1 3 (JN0 4 ) ether . algo m 
 
 the acids gener- 
 ally, with combination. (Gottlieb.) Its salts are 
 decomposed by water and by alcohol. 
 
 NlTRAzoPHENTLClTRACONAMIC AdD. Spar- 
 
 jo II 4 4 " 
 
 uble in 
 
 water. 
 NiTRAzoPHENYLCiTRACONAMiD. Sparingly 
 
 (CilraconylNitroPkenoylbiamid. soluble in Water. 
 
 Citraconazophenylimid. Citra- Tolerably solu- 
 
 connitrazophenylimidj^^ ^ m J alcoholj 
 
 C 22 H 9 N 3 8 = N 2 c! 2 H* {N 4 )" and ether. Only 
 ( H 2 slowly decom- 
 
 posed by alkaline 
 
 solutions. Boiling ammonia-water even appears 
 to dissolve it, without decomposition. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 NlTRAzoPlIENTLOxAMIC AdD. Soluble 
 
 (AmidoNitranilic Acid. in boiling 
 
 OxalazoPhenylamicAcid.) water. 
 
 C 16 H 7 N s 10 = N ) (4 li fi N (N 4 ) . 0, H 
 (H 
 
 NITRAZOPHENTLOXAMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, more soluble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 NlTRAzoPHENTLOxAMATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 C 1C H 6 Ba (N 4 ) N 2 8 + 3 Aq Sparingly soluble in 
 boiling water. (Gott- 
 lieb.) 
 
 NiTRAzoPHENYLOxiMiD. Soluble in water. 
 (OxalazoPhenylimide. Amidonitroxanil.) (Gottlieb.) 
 
 C C 4 Q<< 
 C 16 H s N 3 8 = N 2 ] C w H 3 (N 4 )" 
 
 C " 2 
 NiTRAzOxyBENziD. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Tfitrazoxybenzene. Azoxibenzide iritrt. boiling, less 
 
 Oxide of NitroPhenoylbiamin.) soluble in cold 
 
 s , r> H tti c\ Ml ouiuuie iii cuiu. 
 
 ( v^io JtlQ (IN \Ji ill J 
 
 C 24 H 9 N 3 6 = N 2 cS H 3 4 -> . 2 alcohol, and 
 
 ( H 2 ether. Solu- 
 
 ble in consid- 
 erable quantity, without decomposition, in boiling 
 fuming nitric acid, crystallizing out on cooling. 
 (Zinin.) 
 
 NITRE. Vid. Nitrate of Potash. 
 NITRIC ETHER. Vid. Nitrate of Ethyl. 
 
NITRITES. 
 
 NITRIC OXIDE. Vid. 6inOxide of Nitrogen. 
 
 NITRIDES. All the metallic nitrides are either 
 insoluble in water, or immediately decomposed 
 by it. (Persoz, Chim. JWolec., p. 463.) 
 
 NITRIDE or " ACETYL." Vid. Cyanide of 
 Methyl. 
 
 NITRIDE OP CADMIUM. 
 
 NITRIDE OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 Cr 3 N 2 
 
 NITRIDE OF COPPER. Vid. Cupramin. 
 NITRIDE OF IRON. 
 
 NITRIDE OF MERCURY. Vid. Mercuramin. 
 NITRIDE OF POTASSIUM. Inflames in the air. 
 N 5 K Decomposed by water. 
 
 NITRIDE OF SILICON. Unacted upon by acids 
 or by alkaline solutions. Slowly decomposed by 
 fluorhydric acid. 
 
 NITRIDE OF SODIUM. Resembles nitride of 
 NjNa 3 potassium. 
 
 NITRIDE OF TANTALUM. Unacted upon by 
 Ta s N 2 (?) nitric acid or by aqua-regia, but is at- 
 tacked by a mixture of fluorhydric 
 acid and nitric acid. (H. Rose.) 
 
 NITRIDE OF ZINC. Immediately decomposed 
 by water. (Frankland.) Decomposed by acids. 
 
 NITRINDIN. Insoluble in water. Extremely 
 C 32 H 8 (N 4 ) 2 N 2 4 sparingly soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Insoluble in am- 
 monia-water. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Laurent.) 
 
 NITROUS ACID. Abundantly soluble in water 
 
 (Hyponitrout Acid.) at 0, without decomposition, 
 
 N a but at temperatures above 0, 
 
 this solution decomposes. 
 
 (Fritzsche.) Soluble in ether. 
 
 All of the normal nitrites are soluble in water, 
 excepting nitrite of silver ; but as a rule, they are 
 less soluble than the nitrates. 
 
 NITRITE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, the 
 NH 4 0, N0 3 solution undergoing decomposition 
 when heated to 50. Decomposed 
 by acids. (Berzelius.) When the aqueous so- 
 lution contains free ammonia, it may be boiled 
 for hours without suffering decomposition. (Mil- 
 Ion, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 255.) 
 
 NITRITE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF CO- 
 BALT. 
 
 NITRITE OF AMYL. 
 
 (JlmylNitrous Ether.) 
 C 10 H u 0, N 3 
 
 NITRITE OF ANTHRACENESE. Vid. biNitro- 
 ParaNaphthalin. 
 
 NITRITE OF ANTHRACENOSE(fy/c?rata/). Insol- 
 Cjo H 9 (N 4 ) O 4 uble in water ; more soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 NITRITE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Easily 
 Ba 0, N 3 + Aq soluble in water ; soluble in di- 
 lute alcohol. (Fischer.) Much 
 more easily soluble than nitrate of baryta. 
 (Berzelius'se/ir&.) Insoluble in alcohol [?] (Du- 
 mas, Jr., 6. 262.) 
 
 NITRITE OF BARYTA & OF SILVER. 
 
 NITRITE OF BUTYL. 
 C 8 JI 9 0, N 3 
 
 NITRITE of sesquioxide OF COBALT & OF POT- 
 
 Co 2 S) 3 K 0, 5 N 3) 2 H ASH. Very sparingly, 
 
 but still perceptibly 
 
 soluble in cold, more readily, though still sparingly 
 soluble in hot water; more soluble in solutions 
 
 of chloride of sodium or of chloride of ammo- 
 nium. Entirely insoluble even in boiling, toler- 
 ably concentrated solutions of sulphate nitrate 
 or acetate of potash, or of chloride of potassium! 
 Insoluble in alcohol of 80%. Soluble in acetic 
 and oxahc acids. (A. Stromeyer, Ann. Ch. u 
 Pharm., 96. 21 8.) A very small quantity of acetic 
 acid exerts no solvent action upon it. (Fresenius, 
 Quant., p. 139.) Insoluble in alcohol, and in a 
 solution of acetate of potash. (Fischer?) Insol- 
 uble in water, cold dilute acids or ammonia- 
 water. (Fischer.) Almost insoluble in water, 
 which, however, dissolves a very small quantity of 
 it. Entirely insoluble in alcohol or ether. Traces 
 of it are dissolved by sulphide of carbon. Decom- 
 posed by long-continued boiling with water. 
 (Saint-Evre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 181.) 
 Difficultly decomposed by solutions of caustic 
 potash, easily by soda or baryta. (Stromeyer 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 NITRITE OF COPPER. Soluble in water. (Ber- 
 Cu 0, N o s zelius.) 
 
 NITRITE OF ETHYL. Soluble, with partial 
 (Nitrous Ether. Hyponitrous decomposition, in 
 Ether. Isomenc with Glycocoll.) A0 c 
 
 C 4 H fl o. N 3 48 P ts - of wat er. 
 
 (Thenard.) Solu- 
 ble in 48 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht, Jur 1854, p. 75.) Miscible in 
 all proportions with alcohol, and ether. Also 
 miscible with glacial acetic acid, and with several 
 of the compound ethers. It is separated from 
 the alcoholic solution by water, by an aqueous 
 solution of normal tartrate of potash and by other 
 saline solutions (Funcke) ; but not by a saturated 
 solution of chloride of sodium. (Laudet.) 
 
 NITRITE OF IDRIALASE. Vid. Nitrldrialin. 
 
 NITRITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) mono. Very soluble in water. (Peligot.) 
 Pb 0, N 3 + Aq 
 
 II.) di. Somewhat difficultly soluble in cold 
 
 2 Pb O, N O s + 2 Aq water. 
 
 III.) tri. Soluble in water. 
 
 3 Pb 0, N O 3 
 
 IV.) tetra. Permanent. Soluble in 1250 pts. 
 
 4 Pb 0, ft 3 + Aq of cold, and in 3.45 pts. of 
 
 boiling water (Peligot) ; in 143 
 pts. of cold, and in 33 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Chevreul.) Soluble in cold nitric and acetic 
 acids. 
 
 NITRITE OF LEAD & OF POTASH. Easily sol- 
 1 K 0, N 4 ; Pb 0, N 4 + Aq "(of Hayes). uble in 
 
 water . 
 
 (Fischer.) About as soluble as nitrate of potash 
 in either hot or cold water. The solution may 
 be boiled for some time without any decomposi- 
 tion. Readily decomposed by acids. (S. D. 
 Hayes, Am. J. ScL, (2.) 31. 228.) 
 
 NITRITE OF LIME. Very deliquescent. Insol- . 
 Ca O, N O 3 uble in dilute alcohol. (Fischer.) 
 
 NITRITE OF MAGNESIA. Deliquescent. Read- 
 Mg 0, N 3 ily soluble in dilute, insoluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. (Fischer.) 
 
 NITRITE OF MANGANESE. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 MnO,N0 3 uble in water. Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 NITRITE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 I.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 NITRITE OF METHYL. 
 C 2 H 3 0, N 3 
 
400 
 
 NITROBENZOATES. 
 
 NITRITE OF NICKEL & OF POTASH. Easily 
 soluble in water. (Fischer.) 
 
 NITRITE OF PALLADIUM & OF POTASH. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 NITRITE OF PALLADIUM & OF SODA. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 NITRITE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. More 
 
 K 0, N 3 soluble in water than nitrate of potash, 
 
 but less soluble in alcohol. (Fischer.) 
 
 NITRITE OF POTASH & OF SILVER. Perma- 
 nent. Decomposed by water. (Fischer.) 
 
 NITRITE OF PROPYL. 
 
 C 6 H 7 O, N Og 
 
 " NITRITE OF PTELEYL." Insoluble in water, 
 
 C 6 H 3 N0 4 by which, however, it is gradually 
 
 decomposed. Soluble in absolute al- 
 
 cohol. (Chancel.) Soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 (Kane.) 
 
 NITRITE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. Very sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 Ag 0, N O s soluble in warm water, from which it 
 is deposited as the solution cools. 
 (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 50.) Solu- 
 ble in 120 pts. of cold water ; more soluble in hot 
 water. (Mitscherlich.) Soluble in 300 pts. of 
 cold water. (Fischer.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Very sparingly, and but partially 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Hess.) 
 
 NITRITE OF SILVER & OF SODA. 
 
 NITRITE OF SODA. Somewhat hygroscopic. 
 
 Na 0, N 3 More soluble in water than nitrate 
 
 of soda, but less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in spirit ; this distinguishes it from the 
 
 potash salt. (Fischer.) 
 
 NITRITE OF STRONTIA. Permanent. Deli- 
 SrO, N0 3 quescent. Soluble in water, and spirit. 
 
 (Fischer.) 
 
 zoyl. 
 
 NiTRoBENZAMiD 
 
 (NitroBenzoylamid.) 
 
 C,, H N, O = N J u 
 u 
 
 Vid. Hydride of NitroBen- 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in 
 cold, easily solu- 
 ^ N 0<) 2 
 
 ble in warm wa 
 ter. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, ether, and wood-spirit. ( Chancel.) 
 
 Zfo'NiTRoBENZAMiD. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 C H N = N c " H3 (N * )2 2 cold, somewhat 
 
 l ^2 more soluble 
 
 in hot water. Soluble in ammonia-water. (Voit, 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 105.) 
 
 NITROBENZANILID. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ( PhenylNitro Benzoylamid. Isomeric 
 with " NitroPhenyl Benzoylamid.") 
 
 , C 14 H 4 (N 4 ) 2 
 C 20 HI, N 2 = N ) C 12 H 5 
 
 ( H 
 NiTRoBsNZANisiDiD. Vid. BenzoNitranisid. 
 
 Vid. Hydride of Nitro- 
 Vid. NitroBenzoic Acid. 
 
 Vid. Hydride of Nitro- 
 Phenyl. 
 
 NITROBENZENE. 
 Phenyl. 
 
 NlTROBENZIC ACID. 
 
 NlTROBENZID. 
 
 NlTROBENZINASE. 
 
 NlTROBENZINESE. 
 
 NlTROBENZIN. 
 
 NITROBENZOIC AciD(Anhydrous). Readily 
 
 (NitroBenzoate ofNitroBenzoyl.) acidified by 
 
 14 4 k 4^ 2 ) most insol- 
 
 uble in boiling alcohol, or ether. (Gerhardt, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 322.) 
 
 NITROBENZOIC ACID. At the ordinary tern 
 
 (NitroCinnolic Acid.) perature it 
 
 C 14 II 3 (N 4 ) 4 = C 14 H 4 (N 4 ) 3 , HO is but spar- 
 ingly solu- 
 ble in water ; easily soluble in boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in 400 pts. of water at 10, and in 10 
 pts. of water at 100. Soluble in less than 1 pt. of 
 alcohol at 20. (Mitscherlich; E. Kopp.) Easily 
 soluble in ether. Soluble in wood-spirit. (Chan- 
 cel.) Soluble, without decomposition, in boiling 
 nitric, and chlorhydric acids ; also in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. Water precipitates it from 
 its solution in acids. 
 
 Most of the nitrobenzoates ar$ soluble in water 
 and in alcohol. 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 4 (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) 4 ; C 14 H 5 (N 4 ) 4 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF BARYTA. Soluble hi 
 C 14 H 4 Ba (N 4 ) 4 + 4 Aq. water. 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF BENZOYL. Vid. Benzo- 
 NitroBenzoic Acid. 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF 6z'BROMOPHENYL. InSOl- 
 (Nitro Benzoate of biBromo Carbolic Acid.) U b 1 6 
 
 Cjg Hj Br 2 N O g = C 14 H 4 (C 12 H 3 Br 2 ) (N 4 ) 4 in wa- 
 
 t e r . 
 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. (List & Limpricht.) 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in 
 
 C 14 H 4 Cd (N 4 ) 4 + 4 Aq water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in hot spirit. (Schiff.) 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF COPPER. Difficultly SOl- 
 
 C 14 H 4 Cu (N 4 ) 4 + Aq uble in water. 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 C 18 H 9 N0 8 =C 14 H 4 (C 4 H 5 )(N0 4 )0 4 water. Very 
 
 soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether, especially when these are 
 warm. 
 
 NITROBENZOATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. In- 
 C 42 H 12 (Fe 2 ') (N 4 ) 8 O, 2 = soluble in boiling water. 
 Fe 2 31 3 C 14 H 4 (N 4 ) 3 ( Mulder.) 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF LEAD. 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. (Mul- 
 c u H 4 Pb (N 4 ) 4 der.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Mulder.) 
 PbO,5C 14 H 4 Pb(N0 4 )0 4 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in 
 C 14 H 4 Ca (N 4 ) 4 -f 2 Aq water. ( Mulder. ) 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble 
 C 14 H 4 Mn (N 4 ) 4 + 4 Aq in water. ( Mulder. ) 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in 
 C 16 H 7 N 8 = C 14 H 4 (C 2 H 3 ) (N 4 ) 4 water. Toler- 
 ably soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether ; somewhat more readily sol- 
 uble in wood-spirit. (Chancel.) 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF WNiTRoPnENYL. In- 
 (NitroBenzoate of UNltro Carbolic Acid.) soluble 
 
 C 26 H 7 N 3 16 = C 14 H 4 [(C 12 H 3 )N O^JCN 4 ) 4 in cold 
 N water 
 
 or spirit. Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol 
 and ether. Soluble in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phide of ammonium. (List & Limpricht, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 200.) 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITROBENZOATE OF SILVER. Tolerably sol- 
 C 14 H 4 Ag (N 4 ) 4 uble in hot water. (Abel. ) . 
 
NITROCHLORONICENE. 
 
 401 
 
 OF SODA. Permanent. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) Deliquescent. (Mulder.) Soluble in 
 water. (Mulder.) 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble ill 
 
 C u H 4 Sr (N 4 ) 4 + 2 Aq water. (Mulder.) 
 
 NlTROBENZOATE OF ZlNC. 
 
 I.) C u H 4 Zn (N 4 ) 4 + 2 Aq Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 2 C u H 4 Zu (N O 4 ) 4 i 6 Zn O 
 
 ZftNiTRoBENzoic ACID. Much less soluble in 
 C u H 4 (N 4 ) 3 D 4 = C 14 H 3 (N 4 ) 2 O 3 , H hot or cold 
 
 water than 
 
 nitrobenzoic acid. ( Voit, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 
 104.) Scarcely at all soluble in cold, more solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Tolerably soluble in cold, 
 more readily soluble in warm alcohol, and ether. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 31.) llead- 
 ily soluble, without decomposition, in hot nitric 
 acid, separating out again as the solution cools. 
 Also soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid when 
 this is gently warmed ; but the solution is decom- 
 posed by boiling. (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 ZftNiTRoBENzoATE OF AMMONIA. Easily 
 C 14 H 3 (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) s O 4 soluble in water, especially 
 if this be warm. (Cahours, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 BlNlTROBENZOATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat 
 
 C 14 H 3 Ba (N 4 ) 2 O 4 soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 cold water. ( Voit, loc. cit. ) 
 
 .Bi'NlTROBENZOATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in 
 
 C 18 H 8 N 2 12 = C 14 H 3 (C 4 HJ(N0 4 ) 2 4 warm, less 
 
 soluble in 
 
 cold alcohol. Water precipitates it from the aque- 
 ous solution. Decomposed by a solution of caus- 
 tic potash. (Cahours, loc. cit., p. 35.) Easily 
 soluble in hot, very sparingly soluble in cold 
 spirit. (Voit, loc. cit.) 
 
 SiNiTRoBENzoATE OF LEAD. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 BtNiTRoBENzOATE OF POTASH. Readily sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 MNiTRoBENZoATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 C 14 H 3 Ag (N o), O 4 soluble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 St'NiTRoBENZOATE OF SODA. Readily solu- 
 ble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 NiTRoBENzoENASE. Vid. Hydride of Nitro- 
 Toluenyl. . 
 
 NiTRoBENZOENE. Vid. Hydride of Nitro- 
 Toluenyl. 
 
 NiTRoBENZOL. Vid. Hydride of NitroPhenyl. 
 
 .BiNiTRoBENzoNE. Vid. fijNitroBenzoPhe- 
 none. 
 
 Bz'NiTRoBENzoPHENONE. Easily soluble in 
 (BiNitroBtmone. Benzo- ether. (Chancel.) 
 
 phenone, binitrf.) 
 C 24 H 8 (N0 4 ) 2 2 
 
 Insoluble in water. 
 
 C,gH n 4 Soluble in. 12 pts. 
 
 CM Ht (N QI) ^ of boiling alcohol, 
 
 but almost insolu- 
 
 uble in cold alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Zinin.) 
 Readily and abundantly soluble, without decom- 
 position, in strong nitric acid, especially if this 
 be gently heated ; but on boiling, a new compound 
 is formed, which is tolerably soluble in ether, 
 but less soluble in alcohol than nitrobenzoylben- 
 zoin. 
 
 NiTRoBROMoBENziN. Vid. BromoNitroBen- 
 zin. 
 
 NiTRoBROMoCARBOLic ACID. Vid. Bromo- 
 NitroPhenic Acid. 
 
 51 
 
 wn 
 
 N o t 
 
 AnisoNitrAnisic Acid. 
 
 ACID. Vid. Brom- 
 
 ACID. Vid. Bromo6t- 
 
 NitroPhcnic Acid. 
 
 NiTRoBuTYRONic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 C 7 H (N 4 ) 0, 2 H 0(?) Easily soluble in acids. 
 (Chancel.) 
 
 NiTROCAPRIC ACID. 
 
 C 20 H 19 N0 8 
 
 NiTRoCAPRYLic ACID. Very sparingly solu- 
 
 Ci H ]S (N 4 ) O 4 ble in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in concentrated nitric 
 
 acid ; also, with combination, in alkaline solutions. 
 
 (Wirz ) 
 
 NITROCAPRYLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 NITROCAPRYLATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 NITROCAPRYLATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 NITROCAPRYLATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, OF 
 
 C 20 H 19 N 8 but sparingly soluble in water. 
 NITROCAPRYLATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 NITROCAPRYLATE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 NITROCAPRYLATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 C 16 H, 4 Ag N 8 
 
 NiTRoCAi'RYLENE. Soluble in alcohol. (Bouis.) 
 
 (Nitro Octylene.) 
 C 16 H 15 (N 4 ) 
 
 ^iNiTRoCAPRYLENE. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 H 14 (N 4 ) 2 water. (Bouis.) 
 
 NiTRoCARuAMiDOANiLio. Vid. NitroPhe- 
 uylCarbamid. 
 
 NiTRoCARBOLic ACID. Vid. NitroPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 TerNiTRoCARBOLic ACID. Vid. Picric Acid. 
 NITROCELLULOSE. See under GUN-COTTON. 
 
 Vid. Chloride of 
 fctNitroPhenyl. 
 NiTRoCHLORoBENZoic ACID. Soluble in 
 
 (NitroNiceic Acid. NitroChloroJficeic Acid.) boiling 
 C 14 H 4 (N 4 ) Cl 4 =C 14 H s Cl (N 4 ) 3) H water, 
 
 without 
 
 separating out again as the solution cools. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Limpricht & v. 
 Uslar, Ann. Ch. if. Pharm., 102. 261.) 
 
 NlTROCHLOROBENZOATE OF BARYTA. Easily 
 
 C 14 H 3 Ba (N 0^ Cl 4 + 2 Aq soluble in water. (L. 
 & U., Ibid.) 
 
 NlTROCHLOROBENZOATE OF ETHYL. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol. (L; & U., Ibid.) 
 
 NlTROCHLOROBENZOATE OF SlLVER. Toler- 
 
 C, 4 H 3 Ag (N 4 ) Cl 4 + Aq ably readily soluble in 
 hot water. (L. & U., 
 Ibid.) 
 
 NlTROfo'CHLOROCARBOLIC ACID. Vid. bi- 
 
 ChloroNitroPhenic Acid. 
 
 NiTiioCHLORoDRACONESic ACID. Vid. Chlor- 
 AnisoNitr Anisic Acid. 
 
 NiTRoCHLORoMiCHMYL. Difficultly soluble 
 ' H 4 Cl. 2 , N 5 (?) in cold, decomposed by 
 boiling water. Readily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, with decomposition. (Scharling.) 
 
 BIG ACID. Vid. Nitro- 
 ChloroBenzoic Acid. 
 
 NITROCHLORONICENE. Soluble in alcohol, 
 20 H 8 C1 2 (N 4 ) 2 and ether. ( St. Evre. ) 
 NiTRoCHLORoPHENic ACID. Vid. Chloro- 
 NitroPhenic Acid. 
 
402 
 
 NITROCUMINATES. 
 
 NiTRoCnoLic ACID. 
 
 C 2 H 2 N 4 10 
 
 NiTiioCnoLATE or POTASH. Decomposes in 
 C 2 H K N 4 O 10 the air. Soluble in water ; the 
 solution undergoing decomposition 
 when boiled for a long time. (Redtenbacher.) 
 
 NiTRoCnRYSENE. Insoluble in water. Only 
 C 12 H 3 (N 4 ) traces of it are dissolved by alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. 
 
 NiTRoCiNNAMic AciD( Anhydrous). Easily 
 (NitroCinnamic Anhydride.) acidified by 
 
 03, H 12 (N 4 ) 2 fl = C H.(N 4 )0 2 J 02 t d 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in ether. (Chiozza, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 213.) 
 
 NITROCINNAMIC ACID. Almost insoluble in 
 Cj 8 H 7 (N 4 ) 4 cold, sparingly soluble in boiling 
 water. Very sparingly soluble in 
 cold alcohol, being less soluble in this menstruum 
 than cinnamic, benzoic, or nitrobenzoic acids. 
 (E. Kopp, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 380.) Al- 
 most insoluble in cold, and very sparingly soluble 
 in boiling water. Soluble in 327 pts. of absolute 
 alcohol at 20. Sparingly soluble, without de- 
 composition, in hot chlorhydric acid. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) Very sparingly soluble in ether. (Chiozza, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 213.) Its alkaline 
 salts are soluble in water, the others are sparingly 
 soluble or insoluble. 
 
 NITROCINNAMATE OF AMMONIA. Readily 
 soluble in water, but the solution decomposes on 
 being evaporated. 
 
 NITROCINNAMATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in al- 
 O is H 6 (C 4 H 5 ) (N 4 ) 4 COhol. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in 
 
 spirit. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 
 214.) 
 
 NITROCINNAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Tolerably 
 readily soluble in water. 
 
 NITROCINNAMATE OF POTASH. Permanent. 
 Readily soluble in water. 
 
 NITROCINNAMATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly 
 C 18 H a Ag (N 4 ) 4 soluble in water. 
 
 NITROCINNAMATE OF SODA. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 NiTRoCiNNAMENE. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (NttroStyrol. Isomeric, or identical water. Easily 
 witk Hydride of NitroNaphthalin.) so luble in boil- 
 C 16 H 7 (JN UJ ing a j coho]) gep . 
 
 arating out again as the solution cools. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) 
 
 NiTRoCiNNAMiD. Soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 (NitroCinnamylamid.) uble in cold wa- 
 
 C 18 H 8 N 2 6 = N \ g 18 HB (N 4) 2 ter. Soluble in 
 
 boiling, but spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold alcohol. Tolerably soluble 
 in ether. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 
 214.) 
 
 NiTRoCoccusic ACID. Readily sol uble in water, 
 C 16 H 6 N, O 18 + 2 Aq = but much more sol- 
 
 C 16 H 3 (N 4 ) 3 4) 2 H + 2 Aq u ble in hot than in 
 cold water. Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol, and very readily in ether. 
 Its salts are very soluble in water, and most of 
 them are soluble in alcohol also. 
 
 NiTRoCoccusATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 C 18 H 8 (N II 4 ) 2 (N 4 ) 3 6 + Aq water. Sparingly 
 soluble, or insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 NITROCOCCUSATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 16 H s Baa ( N Js 6 + 2 Aq water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 NiTRoCoccosATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITROCOCCUSATE OF POTASH. Readily solu- 
 C 1B H 3 K 2 (N 4 ) 3 6 ble in water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 NITROCOCCUSATE OF SlLYER. Soluble in 
 
 C 10 H 3 'Ag 2 (N 4 ) 3 6 water, and alcohol. (War- 
 ren de la Rue.) 
 
 NiTRoCoDEiN. Sparingly soluble in boiling, 
 Cjo H 20 (N 4 ) N and stilfless soluble in cold 
 water. Easily soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. Solu- 
 ble in acids. Insoluble in solutions of caustic 
 potash or ammonia. (Anderson.) 
 
 TerNiTRoCRESic ACID. 
 
 ( TerNitruCresylic Acid. Isomeric with 
 terNitrdnisol, and Chrysanisic Acid.) 
 
 Cl4 H 5(N04)32 
 
 7erNiTRoCRESATE OF POTASH. Sparingly 
 C 14 H 4 K(N0 4 ) S 2 soluble in cold, more readily 
 soluble in hot water. More 
 soluble in water than the picrate. (Fairlie.) 
 
 NiTRoCuMARiw. Rather sparingly soluble 
 C H (N 4 ) 0, in boiling water, alcohol, and 
 ether, separating out again in 
 each case as the solutions cool. (Bleibtreu.) 
 Soluble in ammonia-water, and in cold alkaline 
 solutions. Readily soluble in concentrated nitric 
 acid from which it is precipitated on the addition 
 of a 'large quantity of water. Soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in a cold aqueous solution of caus- 
 tic potash, but is decomposed by boiling potash. 
 (Delalande, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 348.) 
 
 NiTRoCuMARiN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Spar- 
 C ia H 5 (N 4 ) 41 3 Pb ingly soluble in water; 
 still less soluble in alcohol, 
 and almost insoluble in ether. (Bleibtreu.) 
 
 NITROCUMARIN with OxiDE OF SlLVER. 
 
 C 18 H 5 (N 4 ) 4 , 2 Ag Sparingly soluble in water, 
 still less soluble in alcohol, 
 and almost insoluble in ether. (Bleibtreu.) 
 
 NiTRoCuMENE. Vid. NitroCumol. 
 
 NITROCUMIDIN. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 (NitroCumenylamin.- Isomeric soluble in alcohol, 
 with NitroMesidin.) and ether. (Ca- 
 
 C 18 H 12 N 2 4 = N j Hl (N 4) hours.) Its salts 
 
 are readily de- 
 composed when in solution. 
 
 ZftNiTRoCuMiNAMiD. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Boullet.)' 
 
 NiTRoCuMiNic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 0,0 H u (N 4 ) 4 = C 20 H 10 (N 4 ) 0,, H Easil^sol- 
 
 cohol, and ether. Also, with combination, in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, soda, and 
 ammonia. 
 
 NiTRoCuMiNATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NlTROCuMINATE OF LlME. 
 C 20 H 10 Ca (N 4 ) 4 
 
 NITROCUMINATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 NITROCUMINATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 C 20 H 10 Ag (N 4 ) 4 water. 
 
NITROGEN. 
 
 403 
 
 OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 36.) 
 
 jBi'NiTEoCuMiNic ACID. Insoluble, or very 
 C 20 H 10 (N O 4 ) 2 O 4 sparingly soluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. Very readily soluble in ether. Un- 
 acted upon by boiling concentrated nitric acid. 
 Insoluble either in hot or cold, concentrated or 
 dilute, solutions of caustic potash, soda, or ammo- 
 nia. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 25. 38.) 
 The acid examined by Kraut ( Archiv. der Pharm., 
 96. 273; Chem. CentralblaM, 1859, p. 86. [K.]) 
 differs from that of Cahours, in being soluble in 
 alkaline solutions, and behaving like a true acid. 
 Kraut's acid is insoluble in water ; soluble in al- 
 cohol, and with especial ease in ether. 
 
 BiNiTRoCtiMiNATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 20 H 9 Ba (N 4 ) 2 4 water. (Kraut.) 
 
 ZJz'NiTRoCuMiNATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 C 20 H 9 ( c H s) ( N 4>2 4 water. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Kraut.) 
 
 JBj'NiTRoCcMiNATE OF LIME. Soluble in boil- 
 C 20 Hg Ca (N 4 ) 3 4 ing water. ( Kraut. ) 
 
 JBJNlTROCUMINATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. Solu- 
 
 C 20 H 8 Ag (N 4 ) 2 4 + 2 Aq ble in hot water. 
 
 (Kraut.) 
 
 NiTRoCuMOL. Insoluble, or but sparingly 
 (NitroCumene. Hydride of NitroCumenyl. soluble in 
 Isomeric with NitroMesitylene.) wntpr 
 
 C 18 H U N0 4 = C 18 H 10 (N0 4 ),H 
 
 B/NiTRoCuMOL. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C 18 H 10 N 2 O g = C lg H 9 (N 4 ) 2 , H in alcohol. (Ritt- 
 hausen.) Insolu- 
 ble in aqueous, but soluble, with decomposition, in 
 alcoholic solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 NiTRoCYANiDE OF X. Vid. Cyanide of X 
 with Nitrate of X. 
 
 NiTRoCYMENE. Insoluble in water. (Barlow, 
 (NitroCymol.) Ann. Ch. u. Pharm.. 98. 248.) 
 C M H w N 4 
 
 ZJtNiTRoCYMENE. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 C 20 H 12 (N 4 ) 2 ble in alcohol, and ether. (Kraut, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 92. 70.) 
 
 NiTRoDRACONASic ACID. Vid. AnisoNitr- 
 Anisic Acid. 
 
 NiTRoDRACONESic ACID. Vid. NitrAnisic 
 Acid. 
 
 NiTRoDRACYL. Vid. Hydride of NitroTo- 
 luenyl. 
 
 NiTRoDRACYLic ACID. Almost insoluble in 
 C 10 H 7 N0 8 cold, slightly soluble in hot water; 
 as the hot aqueous solution cools it 
 begins to deposit crystals at 70, and at 60 the 
 greater portion of the acid has separated out. 
 Very soluble in alcohol. The alkaline salts are 
 very soluble. 
 
 NlTRODRACYLATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 NiTRoDRACYLATE OF LEAD. Tolerably solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 NITRODRACYLATE OF SILVER. Tolerably 
 easily soluble in water. 
 
 NiTRoERYTHRoMANNiTE. Insoluble in cold 
 C 24 H 18 (N 0,) 12 24 water. Soluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 B/NiTRoETHYLic ACID. Soluble in water; 
 C 4 H 6 N 2 O 4 the solution readily undergoes de- 
 composition. Its salts are all soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Frankland.) 
 
 OF BARYTA. Very deli- 
 
 C 4 H 5 Ba N a O 4 quescent. Very soluble in water. 
 (Frankland.) 
 
 ZttNlTROETHYLATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 
 2 C 4 H 6 Cu N 2 4 + Aq water. 
 
 .Bz'NiTRoETHYLATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 C 4 H 5 Ca N 2 4 + 3 Aq water. 
 
 ZJiNlTROETHYLATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble 
 
 C 4 H 5 Mg N 2 4 in water. 
 
 Zfo'NiTRoETHYLATE OF SILVER. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 . Readily soluble 
 C 4 H 5 Na N 2 4 in water, and strong alcohol. 
 
 OF ZlNC. 
 
 I.) normal-^ Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 2 C 4 H 5 Zn N 2 4 + Aq The hot concentrated aque- 
 ous solution solidifies on 
 cooling. 
 
 II.) basic. 
 C 4 II 5 Zn N 2 4 ; Zn 
 
 ZftNlTROETHYLATE OF ZlNC with ZlNCElHYL. 
 
 C 4 H 5 Zn N a 4 5 C 4 H 5 Zn Instantly decomposed by 
 water, and by absolute 
 
 alcohol. Tolerably soluble in anhydrous ether. 
 (Frankland.) 
 
 NiTRoEuxANTHic ACID. Very sparingly sol- 
 Cu H 17 (N 4 ) 22 uble in water ; somewhat more 
 soluble, in alcohol, especially if 
 this be boiling. Soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 NlTROEuXANTHATE OF AMMONIA. 
 NlTROEuXANTHATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 NlTHOElJXANTHATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. 
 C 42 H 16 Pb(N0 4 )0 22) PbO, HO 
 
 NiTRoFERRiCYANHYDRic ACID. Vid. Nitro- 
 Prussic Acid. 
 
 NiTRoFoRM. Vid. Hydride of ierNitroMethyl. 
 
 NITROFORM with AMMONIA. Vid. frtNitro- 
 Methylide of Ammonium. 
 
 NiTRoFRANGULiNic ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 C H 10 N 5 87 = C 40 H 9 (N 4 ) 5 O ia + Aq jn^ cold, 
 
 ily soluble in boiling water. Very readily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. Less soluble in dilute acids 
 than in water. Scarcely at all acted upon by cold 
 concentrated acids, but soluble in [warm ?] con- 
 centrated nitric acid. Soluble, with combination, 
 in alkaline solutions. (Casselman, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 104. 84.) 
 
 NlTROFRANGULINATE OF COPPER. ExCBed- 
 
 C40 H. Cu (N 4 ) 5 16 + Aq ingly sparingly soluble 
 in water ; somewhat 
 
 more soluble in alcohol, and ether. Easily soluble 
 in acetic acid. (Casselmann, he. cit.) 
 
 NlTROFRANGULINATE OF SILVER. Soluble 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Cassel- 
 mann, loc. cit.) 
 
 NITROGEN. Nearly insoluble in all known sol- 
 N vents (Berthelot.) 1 vol. of recently boiled 
 water absorbs O.OU7 vol. of it at 15.5. (Hen- 
 ry, Phil. Trans., 1803, p. 274. [T.I.) 1 vol of 
 water absorbs 0.025 vol. of it. (Dalton, Ann. Phtl., 
 7 219 fT.l ) 1 vol. of water absorbs 0.0156 vol. 
 of nitrogen' at ordinary temperatures, i. e. 1 vol. of 
 nitrogen is soluble in 62.5 vols. of water. (Dal- 
 ton, in Gmelin's Handbook.) 
 
404 
 
 NITROHIPPURATES. 
 
 1 TOl. Of 
 
 water, under 
 a pressure of 
 0">.76 of mer- 
 cury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves of 
 nitrogen gas, 
 Tols., re- 
 duced to 0C. 
 
 and O m -76 
 pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 1 
 
 0.01981 
 
 2 
 
 0.01932 
 
 3 
 
 0.01884 
 
 4 
 
 0.01838 
 
 5 
 
 0.01794 
 
 6 
 
 0.01752 
 
 7 
 
 0.01713 
 
 8 
 
 0.01675 
 
 9 
 
 0.01640 
 
 10 
 11" 
 
 0.01607 
 0.01577 
 
 12 
 
 0.01549 
 
 13 
 
 0.01523 
 
 14 
 
 0.01500 
 
 15 
 
 0.01478 
 
 16 
 
 0.01458 
 
 17 
 
 0.01441 
 
 18 
 
 0.01426 
 
 19 
 20 . 
 
 0.01413 
 . 0.01403 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 286, 128, 144.) 
 
 Absorb vols. of N. 
 
 At 18 C. and the ordinary 
 pressure 100 vols. 
 
 of water 4.2 
 
 ofalcoholofO.84sp.gr. . 4.2 (Th.de 
 Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1814, 47. 167.) 
 
 Dissolves of 
 
 1vol. of al- nitrogen gas, 
 
 cohol, under vols., re- 
 
 a pressure of duced to 0C. 
 
 Om.76ofmer- and Om. 76 
 
 cury, at C. pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 0.12634 
 
 1 0.12593 
 
 2" 0.12553 
 
 3 0.12514 
 
 4 0.12476 
 
 5 0.12440 
 
 6 0.12405 
 
 T 0.12371 
 
 8 0.12338 
 
 9 0.12306 
 
 10 0.12276 
 
 11 0.12247 
 
 12" 0.12219 
 
 13 0.12192 
 
 14 0.12166 
 
 15 0.12142 
 
 16" 0.12119 
 
 17 0.12097 
 
 18 0.12076 
 
 19 0.12056 
 
 20 0.12038 
 
 21 0.12021 
 
 22 0.12005 
 
 23 0.11990 
 
 24 0.11976 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 286, 128, 144.) 1 vol. 
 of ether absorbs 0.15 vol. of nitrogen. (Dceberei- 
 ner.) 1 vol. of caoutchin absorbs 5 vols. of it in 
 five weeks. (Himly.) 
 
 NiTRoGENTiANic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (NitroOentianin.) 
 
 C 28 H 8 (N 4 ) 2 O to + 2 Aq 
 
 TkrNiTRoGLYCERiN. Slightly soluble in wa- 
 (Glonoin. filtrate ter ; more readily soluble in 
 
 f/S^EST^n alcohol, and ether. (Railton, 
 
 
 NITROGUANIN with OXIDE OP SILVER. In- 
 C 10 H 4 N 8 Ag 8 9 = C 10 H 4 (N 4 ) N 8 2 ; 3 AgO Soluble 
 in wa- 
 
 ter. Very sparingly soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and in nitric acid. (Neubauer & Kerner, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 101. 336.) 
 
 NiTRoH-asMATic ACID. Vid. Picramic Acid. 
 
 NiTRoHARMALiN. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (NitroHarmalidin. much more soluble in boiling 
 ChrysoHarmin.) water. More soluble in alco- 
 
 ^o"i3(4)2"2 hol than either harmalin or 
 harmin. Sparingly soluble in cold, more soluble 
 in warm ether. Soluble in warm, less soluble in 
 cold naphtha ; also soluble in the fatty and essen- 
 tial oils, and in alkaline solutions. Very soluble 
 in oxalic acid. 
 
 NiTRoHARMALiN'with SILVER. Insoluble in 
 C M H 12 Ag (N 4 ) N 2 2 + 2 Aq(?) water. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 Soluble, with combination, in naphtha. 
 
 NiTRoHARMiN. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 (NitroHarmidine.-) more soluble in boiling water. 
 C 26 H n (N 4 ) N 2 O 2 Soluble in alcohol, especially 
 when this is hot. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether. Soluble in warm naphtha, 
 and coal-tar oil ; also in acetic acid, and in water 
 acidulated with chlorhydric acid. 
 
 NiTRoHELLENiN. Very sparingly soluble in 
 C 1B H 9 (N 4 ) 2 water. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and in nitric acid. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 NiTRoHiFPURic ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 H g (N O 4 ) N O 6 cold water, though somewhat 
 more soluble than hippuric 
 acid ; readily soluble in boiling water. Soluble 
 in 271 pts. of water at 23. When contaminated 
 with traces of impurities it is more readily soluble 
 in cold water. More soluble in water containing 
 ordinary phosphate of soda than in pure water. 
 (Bertagnini.) Easily soluble in alcohol, even in 
 the cold, and in ether. The metallic nitrohippu- 
 rates are mostly soluble in water ; part of them 
 are soluble in alcohol also. 
 
 NlTROHlPPURATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 NlTROlIlPPURATE OF BARYTA. Soluble Ul 
 
 water. 
 
 NlTROHlPPURATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 C 18 H 7 Cu (N 4 ) N 6 + 5 Aq boiling, but very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold 
 
 water. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold al- 
 cohol. 
 
 NiTRoHiPFDRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Sol- 
 uble in boiling water. 
 
 NITROHIPPURATE OF LEAD. Hygroscopic. 
 C 1S H 7 Pb (N 4 ) N 6 
 
 NITROHIPPURATE OF LIME. Sparingly solu- 
 C 18 H 7 Ca (N 4 ) N 6 + 3 Aq ble in cold, readily 
 soluble in boiling 
 water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 NiTRbHipPURATE OF MAGNESIA. Very solu- 
 ble in water. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 NITROHIPPURATE OF POTASH. Readily sol- 
 uble in water, and spirit. Sparingly soluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 NITROHIPPURATE OF SILVER. Tolerably solu- 
 C )8 H 7 Ag (N 4 ) N ble in cold, readily soluble in 
 boiling water. Tolerably sol- 
 uble in cold alcohol. 
 
NITROMETHYLATES. 
 
 405 
 
 NiTRoHiPPURATE OF SODA. Very easily sol- 
 uble in water. Also soluble in alcohol, though 
 less readily than the potash salt. 
 
 NITROHIPPURATE OF ZINC. Sparingly solu- 
 C ]8 H 7 Zn (N 4 ) N O a + 6 Aq ble in water or al- 
 cohol at ordinary 
 
 temperatures, but soluble in warm water, and 
 alcohol. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 TerNiTRoHvDRoBENZAMiD. Insoluble in 
 (Hydrobenzamide trinitri.) Water, ether, Or 
 
 CM H 15 N 6 12 = 42 H 15 (N O 4 ) 3 N 2 oil of turpentine. 
 
 Sparingly soluble 
 
 in strong boiling, less so in cold alcohol. (Ber- 
 tagnini, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 478.) 
 
 NiTRoHTDURiLic Acio(of Schlieper). Insol- 
 (Said by Laurent to have been uble in cold, sparingly 
 impart iNitroJUloxanic Acid.) so l u bl e in hot water. 
 PaHjH.Oj, Insoluble in alcohol 
 
 or in ammonia-water. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric and nitric acids, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water. (Schjieper.) 
 Also soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 NiTRoIuRiALiN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 (Nitrite of Idrialase.) or ether. Soluble in concen- 
 t's* 11 23 (N 4 ) 5 3 trated sulphuric acid. Par- 
 tially soluble in a solution of 
 caustic potash. 
 
 NiTRolNOSiTE. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. Unacted upon by dilute, 
 decomposed by warm, concentrated acids. (Vohl, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 101. 56.) 
 
 NiTRolTACONANiLiD. Vid. NitroPhenyllta- 
 conamid. 
 
 NiTRoLEUcic ACID. Vid. Nitrate of Leucin. 
 
 TerNiTRoLopHiN. Very sparingly soluble in 
 (NitroLophyl ) boiling, and still less soluble in 
 
 C 42 H w ( N 4>3 N cold alcohol. Soluble in pot- 
 ash-lye, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water. (Laurent.) 
 
 NiTRoMALANiL. Vid. NitroPhenylMalimid. 
 
 NiTRoMANNiTE. Insoluble in water. Very 
 C 12 H 8 (N 4 ) M sparingly soluble in cold, read- 
 ily soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in warm ether. Easily soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, without apparent de- 
 composition. It is at once decomposed, however, 
 when water is added to this solution. (Strecker.) 
 
 NiTRoMARic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 (AznMaric And.) Very soluble in alcohol, and 
 U 40 H 22 (N O 4 ) 2 8 ether. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is 
 precipitated on the addition of water. (Laurent, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22.462.) 
 
 NiTRoMARATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 water. ( Laurent, loc. cit.) 
 
 NITROMARATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 NlTROJMARATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 C 40 H 21 Pb (N 4 ) 2 8 ; Pb rent, loc. cit.) 
 NITROMARATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 NITROMARATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 NITROMARATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 NITROMECONIN. Difficultly soluble in cold, 
 (Nitr Opianyl. Hyriride more easily soluble in boil- 
 
 t ? it l? pia * vl : ^ JP ~ ing water. Soluble in alco- 
 NitroMecomc. Acid.) . ,. ., 
 
 C 20 H (N 4 ) O g hol, especially when this ; is 
 
 warm, and in ether. No 
 more soluble in cold aqueous solutions of caustic 
 
 potash or ammonia than" in water, but at the tem- 
 perature of ebullition they dissolve it in consider- 
 able quantity, with decomposition. Insoluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble in cold concentrated 
 nitric acid, from which it separates on the addition 
 of water. (Anderson, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 274.) 
 
 Insoluble in water, 
 
 . ( c n H 4 ( C 2 N ) H even when this 
 H u N s 8 = N 2 C 12 H 3 (N 4 ) 2 js boiHng Dif . 
 
 ficultly soluble 
 in alcohol, and .still less soluble in ether. (Hof- 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 306.) 
 
 TkraNiTRoMELANiLiN'? Insoluble in water 
 C 26 H 9 (N 4 ) 4 N s or alcohol. Soluble in hot 
 strong nitric acid, from which 
 solution it crystallizes on cooling. (Hofmann.) 
 
 Vid. NitroMesitylamin. 
 
 NlTRoMESITYLAMIN. 
 
 (NitroMesidin. Isomeric 
 with Nitro Cumidin.) 
 
 ~ i H 10 (N 0) 
 
 C 18 H 12 N a 4 = 
 
 Slightly soluble in wa- 
 ter. Very solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Easily sol- 
 uble in acids, with 
 combination, forming salts which are soluble in 
 alcohol, but decomposed by water. (Maule, J. 
 Ch. Soc., 2. 118.) 
 
 NiTRoMEsiTYLENE. Decomposed by an al- 
 
 (Mesitic Aldehyde. Hydride of Nitro- coholic soln- 
 Mesityl. Isomeric with Nitro'Jumol.) t 
 
 Cry \T (\ /-i tr /XT n ^ TI UUIJ Ul LtluMIC 
 
 18 "11 " U *^18 U 10 (" "*/l " 
 
 isomeric compound which is very readily soluble 
 in alcohol. (Cahours.) 
 
 Bi'NiTRoMESiTYLENE. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 ( Hydride of biNit.ro Mesityl. ingly soluble in 
 
 Isomeric with biNitroCumol.) wa tor V^rv ronrl 
 
 n u XT n n IT /M nS TJ water, v erj reau- 
 
 ^in "in -^9 "R ss Uu 11,, (IN Uj ).,, H ., 1,1* i 
 
 ily soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 110.) 
 
 JerNiTRoMESiTYLENE. Insoluble, or very 
 
 (Hydride of terJVitroMesityl.) sparingly soluble 
 
 C 18 H 9 N 3 12 = C 18 H 8 (N 4 ) s , H i n water. Not 
 
 sensibly soluble 
 
 in cold alcohol. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 25. 40.) Extremely difficultly soluble in boiling 
 alcohol or ether. (Hofmann, loc. cit.) Easily 
 soluble in acetone. (Maule; Hofmann.) 
 
 NiTRoMETACETic ACID. Vid. NitroPro- 
 pionic Acid. 
 
 NiTRoMETACETONic ACID. Vid. NitroPro- 
 pionic Acid. 
 
 NiTRoMETASTYROt. Insoluble in water, al- 
 (NitroDraconyl. Isomeric cohol, ether, acids, or 
 witliM-itroCinnamene.) alkaline solutions. 
 O 18 H 7 (I\ O 4 J" 
 
 fii'NlTROMETHYLIC AdD. 
 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 4 
 
 5/NiTRoMETHYLATE OF SODA Very readily 
 soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. (Frankland.) 
 
 .ZJ/NlTROMETHYLATE OF ZlNC. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 C 2 H 3 Zn N 2 4 + Aq 
 
 II.) basic. Dissolves in water to an opalescent 
 solution. (Frankland.) 
 
 ZfoNlTROMETHYLATE OF ZlNC with ZlNCMfi- 
 
 C 2 H 3 Zn N 2 4 ; C 2 H 3 Zn THYL. Instantly decom- 
 posed by water. (Frank- 
 land.) 
 
 TerNlTROMETHYLIDE OF AMMONIUM. Solu- 
 
 C fNO^^NHj ble in water, and alcohol. (Schisch- 
 koff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 103. 
 364.) 
 
 C 2 H 3 Na N 2 O 4 + 2 Aq 
 
406 
 
 NITROPHENATES. 
 
 NiTRoNAPHTHALESic 'Acio. Vid. NitroPhtha- 
 lic Acid. 
 
 NITRONAPHTHALIC ACID. Vid. NitroPhthalic 
 Acid. 
 
 NITRONAPHTHALIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (NitroJVaphtalase. Ninaphtase. Readily soluble in 
 Nitrite of Naphtalase .) warm, less soluble in 
 
 C 20 H 7 (N0 4 ) cold a i co hol, ether, 
 
 rock-oil, and chloride of sulphur. (Laurent.) 
 Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated unchanged on the addition 
 of water. Decomposed by boiling concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Laurent.) Unacted upon by 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Bt'NiTRoNAPHTHALiN. Insoluble in water. 
 (Ninaphtese C. ^ biJVitrite of Very sparingly solu- 
 Naphtalese. Nilro Naphtalese.) jjle j n etner ; Still 
 
 ' 
 
 hoi. (Laurent.) Soluble in nitric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 (Marignac.) 
 
 TfcrNiTRoNAPHTHALiN. There are three dif- 
 (NitrvNaphtalise. Ninaphtise.) ferent modifications : 
 C 20 H B (N 4 1 3 . 
 
 I.) Modif. a. Very sparingly soluble in boil- 
 (Ninaphtise G.) ing alcohol. Very slightly soluble 
 in ether. Soluble in nitric acid, and 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, without decompo- 
 sition if they be not too strongly heated. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 II.) Modif. |*. Very sparingly soluble in boil- 
 (NitroNaphtale. Ninaphtase G. L.) ing alcohol, or 
 
 ether. Of all 
 
 the nitrocompounds of naphthalin it is the least 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. Readily soluble in 
 hot concentrated sulphuric acid, without decom- 
 position, but if the solution be too strongly heated, 
 some sulphurous acid is evolved. Decomposed 
 by boiling nitric acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 . III.) Modif. y. Insoluble in cold water, and 
 only so far soluble in boiling water that the liquid 
 becomes turbid on cooling. Sparingly soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. Almost insoluble in ether, even 
 when this is boiling. Slightly soluble in concen- 
 trated nitric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. Is not acted upon by con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid, or by dilute nitric or 
 sulphuric acids, but is decomposed by concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Marignac.) 
 
 NITRONAPHTYLAMIN. Insoluble in water or 
 _ c o 20 H 7 (N O 4 )" chlorhydric acid. 
 C 20 H 8 N 2 4 = N ^ H Soluble in alco- 
 
 hol, sulphuric 
 
 acid, nitric a'cid, and an aqueous solution of caus- 
 tic potash. (Schiff.) 
 
 NiTRoNiCEic ACID. Vid. NitroChloroBen- 
 zoic Acid. 
 
 NlTRONlTROSOPHENOYLAMIN. 
 
 NlTROPARABENZIN. 
 
 [Nit.ro Para Benzole.) 
 
 I.) Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 II.) Slightly soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold water. Soluble in alcohol. (Church, Phil. 
 Mag., (4.) 14. 417.) 
 
 .BtNlTRONlTROSOPHENOYLAMIN. Soluble in 
 
 C 12 H 2 N 4 10 = N \ C H (N l)z (N 2) " alcohoL 
 
 NITROOXALATE OF X. Vid. Nitrate of X with 
 Oxalate of X. 
 
 NITROPAPAVERIN. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 C H N, = N \ c > HI (N Ol) Oa " uble in boil " 
 
 alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 
 Insoluble in 
 
 (Nitrite d-AnthracMse.) water. Sparingly 
 
 H 10 N 2 <J 8 = C 80 H 10 (N 4 ) 2 " soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Readily 
 soluble in hot ether. 
 
 NiTRoPARANiCENE. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 C 20 H n (N0 4 ) ether. (St. Evre.) 
 
 NiTRoPARATARTARic ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 NiTRoPEUCEDANiN. Almost insoluble in wa- 
 C 24 H u (N 4 ) 6 ter. Tolerably soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Bothe.) 
 
 NiTRoPEUCEDANiNAMiD. Nearly insoluble in 
 (NitroPeucedamid.) water. Readily 
 
 " 4 N 4) 2 S luble in alc - 
 
 ble in cold 
 
 P H N O N 
 
 C 24 H 12 N 2 8 = N 
 
 (Bothe. ) Decomposed by warm dilute acids, and 
 alkaline solutions. 
 NiTRoPnENAMic ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (BiNitrodiPhenamic Acid. cold, more soluble in 
 
 AmiNitroPtienic Add.) boiling water. Tol- 
 
 C 24 H 12 (N 4 ) 2 N 2 4 + 4 Aq ^^ goluble j n &1 . 
 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 NlTROPHENAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 ammonia-water; the solution undergoing decom- 
 position when evaporated. 
 
 NlTROPHENAMATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 NlTROPHENAMATE OB COPPER. Ppt. 
 NlTROPHEKAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 NITROPHENAMATE OF LIME. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 NITROPHENAMATE OP POTASH. Very readily 
 C M H u K (N 4 ) 2 N 2 4 soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. 
 
 NITROPHENAMATE OF SILVER. Very diffi- 
 Cu H lt Ag (N 4 ) 2 N 2 4 cultly soluble in boiling, 
 and still less soluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 NiTRoPiiENAMYLiDiN. Vid. Oxide of Amyl- 
 NitroPhenylamin. 
 
 NiTRoPHENic ACID. Only slightly soluble in 
 
 (Nitro Phenol. NitroCarbnlic Acid. water. Ex- 
 Isomeric with IsoNitroPlienic Acid.) tremelv soluble 
 C 12 H 5 (N0 4 )0 2 jn alcohol) and 
 
 ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 10. 205.) The 
 alkaline salts of nitrophenic acid are difficultly sol- 
 uble, or insoluble, in an excess of the. solution of 
 alkali, but they are readily soluble in pure water. 
 
 NlTROPHENATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (Nitro Phenetol.) water. Easily 
 
 U 16 H 9 N 6 = C 12 H 4 (C 4 H 6 ) (N Oj) 2 soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and 
 
 ether. * 
 
 NlTROPHENATE OF METHYL. Insoluble, Or 
 
 (Nitranisol. Phenate of Methyl- very sparingly solu- 
 nitrt Anisol monnmtrique.) ^,le in water. Solu- 
 
 C 12 H 4 (N 4 ) (C 2 H 3 ) O 3 ble j Q concen tratcd 
 
 sulphuric acid, when this is gently heated ; from 
 this solution water precipitates it unchanged. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 442.) . 
 is not decomposed even by warm potash-lye. 
 
NITROPHLORETATES. 
 
 407 
 
 NlTROPHENATE OP PoTA8H. 
 C 12 H 4 K (N 4 ) 2 + Aq 
 
 NlTROPHENATE OF SlLVER. Somewhat Solll- 
 
 C 12 H 4 Ag (N O 4 ) 2 ble in water. 
 
 NlTROPHENATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 C, 2 H 4 Na(NO 4 )0 2 
 
 ZftNiTRoPiiENic ACID. Almost insoluble in 
 
 (NitroPhenesic Acid. cold, sparingly 
 
 BiJVi.'rof^arbolic Add.) solnlilp in hoil- 
 
 C 12 H 4 N 2 10 = C 13 H 3 (N 4 ) 2 0, H O ^ p 
 
 sily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Laurent.) 
 Warm alcohol dissolves somewhat more than | its 
 own weight of the acid, depositing it again on 
 cooling. Sparingly soluble in boiling, less solu- 
 ble in cold chlorhydric acid. Very soluble in 
 warm concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 solution it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 Its salts are almost all soluble in water. 
 
 Z?(NiTRoPHENATE OF AMMONIA. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water, less soluble in alcohol. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 .Bt'NlTROPHENATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C 12 H. Ba (N 4 ) 2 0, + 5 Aq water. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 
 22.) 
 
 ZftNlTROPHENATE OF COBALT. Soluble in 
 
 water. (Laurent.) 
 
 BiNlTROPHENATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 
 water. ( Laurent. ) 
 
 J3/NrrRoPHENATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (BiNitroPhenetol. BiNitroSalit/iol. water. Sol- 
 
 Phenate d'Et/iylebinitri.) ,, u i A : n 
 
 16 H 8 N 2 10 = C 12 H 3 (C 4 H 6 ) (N 4 ) s 2 jj * f n ' g D 
 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. (Baly, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2.31; Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27.466.) 
 
 _BNlTROPnENATE OF LEAD. 
 I.) di. Ppt. 
 
 C, 2 H 3 Pb (N O 4 ) 2 2 , Pb + 4 Aq 
 
 II.) 2 C 12 H 3 Pb (N 4 ) 2 2 ; Pb Ppt. 
 
 .Bl'NlTROPHENATE OF LlME. 
 
 B/NiTRoPnENATE OF METHYL. Scarcely at 
 
 (BiNitranisul. Phenate of Methyl- all soluble in boil- 
 binitrt Anisol biMtrique.) ; ng water> Easily 
 
 C 12 H 8 (N 4 ) 2 {C 2 H 3 ) 2 soluble in boiling, 
 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. Tolerably soluble in 
 ether. Insoluble in alkaline liquors, or in caustic 
 ammonia. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 
 21 ; and (3 ) 27. 441.) 
 
 ZJiNiTRoPiiENATE OF POTASH. Sparingly 
 GU H 3 K (N 4 ) 2 2 + Aq soluble in cold water. 
 Very sparingly soluble 
 in cold, more soluble in hot alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 ZftNlTROPflENATE OF SlLVER. Soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 .Bi'NiTRoPHENATE OF SODA. Tolerably solu- 
 ble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 .Bi'NlTROPHENATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 TerNiTRoPnENic ACID. Vid. Picric Acid. 
 
 NITROPHENESIC ACID. Vid. 6NitroPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 NiTRoPnENETiDiN. Vid. EthylNitroPhenidin. 
 
 NITROPHENETOL. Vid. NitroPhenate of Ethyl. 
 
 NiTRoPHENisic ACID. Vid. Picric Acid. 
 
 NiTRoPiiENOL. Vid. NitroPhenic Acid. 
 
 Z)NiTRoPHENYLAMiN. Vid. fci'NitrAnilin. 
 
 NiTRoPHENYLBENzoYLAMio. Soluble in boil- 
 (BemoJVitranilid. Isomeric with ing, less Soluble in 
 PlienylJVtiroBenzoylamid.) CO 1(J a l co hol. 
 
 ( ^14 ^5 ^2 
 
 C K H 10 N 2 6 = N 0. 2 H 4 (N0 4 ) 
 ( H 
 
 NiTRoPHENYLCARBAMiD. Soluble in hot, less 
 ( Carbamide NitroCarbanilid. JfitroCar- s O 1 U b 1 e i n 
 bamiiloJlnilid. NitroCarbanilamid. , , 
 
 JfitrAmlinUrea. Isomeric with JVitro- c water. 
 
 PhenylUrea.) (Hofmann, 
 
 <t: 2 <V' j. Ch. Soc., 
 
 C 14 H 7 N 3 6 = N 2 j C 12 H 4 (N 4 ) 2.42.) Ea- 
 
 sily soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. 
 
 J&'NlTROPHENYLClTRACONAMIC Aci D. Sol- 
 (Citracobinitranilic Acid.) nble in al- 
 
 CM H 9 N 3 :4 = N j cj H 3 (A 4 ) 2 . 0, H Coh L 
 ( H 
 
 ZftNlTROPHENYLClTRACONAHATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 C 22 H 8 AgN 3 14 
 
 ( Citracobihitranil. Citraconyl- 
 biNitropkenylamide.) 
 
 . Very spar- 
 soluble in 
 
 Q cold, easily sol- 
 
 C 22 H 7 N 3 O 12 = N ^ c |o H * s ( j Q ^ 2 u bie in boiling 
 
 water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, especially when this is hot. 
 
 (PentaNilroltaconanilide. pig jn water 
 
 Itaconanilide qidntinitrie.) 
 
 CM H n N 7 O i4 = CM H u (N 4 ) 5 N 2 4 
 
 Easily soluble in 
 (NitroMalinil.) warm water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 NlTROPHENYLPYROTARTRAMIC ACID. Very 
 ( Pyro TartroNitralic Acid. Pyro- Sparingly 
 
 TdrtrylNitroPhenylaminicJcidJ soluble in 
 
 C 22 H 12 N 2 O 10 = N \ cjg H 4 ( A 4 ) . 0, H water, 
 
 (H even 
 
 when this 
 
 is boiling. Easily soluble in spirit, and ether. 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 NlTROPHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF AMMO- 
 NIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 NlTROPHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF POTASH. 
 
 Soluble in water ; the solution is easily decom- 
 posed. 
 
 NlTROPHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF SlLVER. 
 C 22 H u Ag N 2 10 Ppt. 
 
 NlTROPHENYLPYROTARTRIMID. Almost CH- 
 (PyroTartrylNitroPhenylamid. tirely insoluble 
 
 PyroTartronUranil. NdroPyro- j n wa ter Sol- 
 
 Tartranil. PyroTartonitranil.^ ^ (n ^.^ 
 
 C 22 H 10 N 2 O 8 N | c ^ H ^ ^ O j alcohol, and in 
 
 ether. (Arppe, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 144.) 
 
 NlTROPlIENYLSuLPHUROCS ACID. 
 
 (NitroSulphoBendizic Acid.) 
 
 C 12 H 5 (N 4 ) S 2 6 = C 12 H 4 (N 4 ) S 2 6 , H 
 
 NlTROPHENYLSULFHITE OF AMMONIA. 
 C 12 H 4 (N H 4 ) (N 4 )S 2 6 
 
 ACID. There are two 
 
 C 18 H 8 N 2 14 = C 18 H a (N 4 ^ 2 4) 2 HO i s o m e r i c 
 
 modifications 
 of this acid : 
 
 I.) Modif. a. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 more soluble in hot water. More soluble in alco- 
 hol than in water ; less soluble in cold than in 
 hot alcohol. Easily soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 (Hlaziwetz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 155.) 
 
 II.) Modif. p has the same solubility as modif. 
 a ; its salts also exhibit the same degree of solu- 
 bility as those of . (Hlaziwetz, loc. cit., pp. 158, 
 159.) 
 
 Bl'NlTROPHLORETATE OF AMMONIA. EfflorCS- 
 
 C 18 H 6 (N Ot), (N H 4 ) a O e cent. Soluble in water. 
 
408 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDES. 
 
 Bl'NlTROPlILORETATE OF BARYTA. Difficultly 
 
 C 18 H (N 4 ) 2 Baj O B soluble in cold water. 
 
 jB/NlTROPHLORETATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 Z?NiTRoPnLORETATE OF ETHYL. Very spar- 
 C 18 H 7 (N 4 ) 2 (O 4 H 5 ) Og ingly soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. Easily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 StNlTROPuLORETATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 .B/NlTROPlILORETATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 ZfrNlTROPlILORETATE OF LlME. Somewhat 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 jEfrNlTROPHLORETATE of protoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Ppt. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 protochloride of mercury. 
 
 jB/NlTROPHLORETATE OF POTASH. Efflores- 
 
 C 18 Hg K 2 (N 4 ) 2 O 6 cent. More sparingly soluble 
 in dilute alcohol than in wa- 
 ter. (Hlaziwetz.) 
 
 .Bi'NlTROPHLORETATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 .BiNiTRoPiiLORETATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 ZftNlTROPlILORETATE OF ZlNC. Ppt. 
 
 NiTRoPHLORETiN. Insoluhle in water or in 
 (Improperly Pkloretlc Acid. dilute acids. Solu- 
 
 Impropcrly NUroPhloretic Acid. bl j n a l coho l 
 NitroPhloretate of Phloro Glucm.) , . .. 
 
 H cMnio wood-spirit, and al- 
 
 C 3 o "13 C^ U 4? U 10 , ,. ,' . 
 
 kahne solutions ; 
 
 also, without alteration, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Stass.) 
 
 TerNiTRoPHLORETAL. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 C 16 H 7 (N 4 ) 3 2 ingly soluble in cold water. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Hlaziwetz.) 
 
 "NlTROPHOSPHATE OF PlIENYL." Insoluble 
 
 in water. (Scrugham, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 242.) 
 
 NiTRoPnospHATE OF X. Vid. Nitrate of X 
 with Phosphate of X. 
 
 NiTRoPnTHALic Acio( Anhydrous). Very 
 C 16 H 3 (N 4 ) 6 sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 NiTRoPHTHALic ACID. Tolerably soluble in 
 
 (ffitroNaphthalic Acid. boiling, Spar- 
 
 ffitroNaphthalesicdcid.) in<rlv snlnhlp 
 
 C 16 H 6 N 12 = C 16 H, (N 4 ) 8 , 2 H ^ ~ 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. (Laurent, 
 [Gin., 14. 87.].) Its alkaline salts are soluble. 
 (Ibid.) 
 
 NlTROPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 C 16 H s (N H 4 ) 2 (N 4 ) 8 
 
 II.) add. Soluble in water. 
 C 16 H 4 (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) 8 + 4 Aq 
 
 NITROPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. Entirely in- 
 C 16 H 3 Baz (N 4 ) 8 soluble, even in an excess of 
 boiling nitrophthalic acid. 
 
 NlTROPHTHALATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Marignac.) 
 C 16 H 3 Pb 2 (N0 4 )0 6 ,2 PbO 
 
 NlTROPHTHALATE OF LIME. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. ' (Laurent.) 
 
 NlTROPHTHALATE OF SlLVER. Insoluble in 
 
 C 16 H s Ag 2 (N 4 ) 8 water. 
 
 NlTROPHTHALATE OF SlRONTIA. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 NiTRoPnTALENE. Insoluble in cold water, 
 (Phthaline nitri. Tsomeric but when distilled in a 
 
 ^rofroO inna '" e " e an<i Current f a q ueous va P r 
 C* T< H. fN6 ) * ne condensed water con- 
 
 tains notable quantities 
 
 of it. Sparingly soluble in cold, abundantly solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol. Very soluble in ether, and 
 coal-oil. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in alkaline solutions. 
 (Dusart, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 45. 334.) 
 
 NlTROPHTALIMID. 
 
 (NilroPhtalyamitl.) 
 
 C 16 H 4 N 2 8 =N5^ H a( N 04) 1 " 
 
 NiTRoPHTALiNlc ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 32 H 14N 2 10 water, more soluble in alcohol. 
 Soluble in weak alcohol. (Du- 
 sart, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 45. 338.) 
 
 NlTROPHTALINATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 NlTROPHTALINATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 NlTROPlITALINATE OF COPPER.' Ppt. 
 NlTROPHTALINATE OF LEAD, Ppt. 
 NlTROPHTALINATE OF LlME. Ppt. 
 NlTROPHTALINATE OF POTASH. Very Soluble 
 
 in water. Also soluble in alcohol. (Dusart.) 
 
 NlTROPHTALINATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 NITROPIANYL. Vid. NitroMeconin. 
 NiTRoPiCRic ACID. Vid. Picric Acid. 
 
 NlTROPlCRIL. 
 
 (ffitroPilcril.) 
 C 42 H 12 (N0 4 ) 3 N0 4 
 
 Insoluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 Very readily soluble in 
 ether. (Laurent.) 
 NiTRoPopULic ACID. Vid. 6i'NitroSalicylic 
 Acid. 
 
 NiTRoPROPiONic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 (ButyroNitric Acid. MetAcetoNitric Soluble in all 
 Jlcid. Nitro Met Acetic Acid.) nronnrtions in 
 
 C 6 H. N 8 - C 6 H 4 (N 4 )0 3) H J^T (Cb^ 
 
 eel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 150.) Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Gerhardt's Tr.) 
 
 NlTROPROPIONATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 B H 4 (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) 4 + 2 Act water. ( Laurent & 
 Chancel.) 
 
 NlTROPROPIONATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 NlTROPROPIONATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 NlTROPROPIONATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 C 8 H 4 K (N 4 ) 4 + 2 Aq about 20 pts. of water. 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble 
 
 in alcohol. (Chancel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 151.) 
 
 NlTROPROPIONATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. (Chancel.) 
 C 6 H 4 Ag (N 4 ) 4 + 2 Act 
 
 II.) di. Sparingly soluble in water ; on boil- 
 C 6 H 4 Ag (N 4 ) 4 ; Ag + Aq ing it is converted 
 into the preceding 
 salt. (Chancel, loc. cit.) 
 
 NiTRoPRUSSic ACID. Veiy deliquescent. 
 
 ( Nitro FerriCyanhydric Acid.) Very 
 
 C 10 H 2 N 8 Fe 2 2 =Fe 2 Cy s , N 2 , 2 H Cy + Aq S ol U bl 
 
 in water, 
 
 alcohol, and ether. The aqueous solution under- 
 goes decomposition after a time. (Playfair.) 
 
 NiTRoPRUssiDE OF AMMONIUM. Deliques- 
 Fe 2 Cy 5 , N 2 , (N H 4 ) 2 cent. Very soluble if) wa- 
 ter, from which it is not pre- 
 cipitated by alcohol. (Playfair.) 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDE OF BARIUM. Very readily 
 Fe 2 Cy B , N O 2 , Ba 2 + 4 Aq soluble in water, from 
 which solution it is not 
 precipitated by alcohol. (Playfair.) 
 
NITROSALICYLATES. 
 
 409 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDE OF CALCIUM. Very soluble 
 Fe 2 Cy 5 , N O 2 , Ca-j + x Aq in water. Alcohol does 
 not precipitate it from 
 the aqueous solution. (Playfair.) 
 
 NlTROPRDSSIDE OF COBALT. Insoluble, Or 
 
 nearly insoluble in water. 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDE OF COPPER. Insolublein 
 water, or alcohol. 
 
 ProtoNiTitoPRUSSiDE OF IRON. Nearly insol- 
 uble-in water; more soluble in water acidulated 
 with nitric acid. 
 
 NlTROPRUSSIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, and is not pre- 
 cipitated therefrom by alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble, or nearly insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDE OF NICKEL. Insoluble, or 
 nearly insoluble in water. 
 
 NlTROPRDSSIDE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Somewhat deliquescent. Very 
 Fe 2 Cy 5 , N 2 , K 2 soluble in water, being more 
 readily soluble than nitrate of 
 potash, or than nitroprusside of sodium. Solu- 
 ble in 1 pt. of water at 16. (Playfair.) 
 
 II.) basic. Readily soluble in water. Very 
 Fe 2 Cy B , N 2 , K 2 ; K 0, H sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Playfair.) 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 Fe 2 Cy 5 , N O 2 , Ag 2 water, alcohol, or nitric acid. 
 Decomposed by chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDE OF SODIUM. Permanent. 
 Fe 2 Cy s , N 2 , Na 2 + 4 Aq Very readily soluble in 
 water, though less read- 
 ily soluble than the potash salt. It is more solu- 
 ble in cold, but less soluble in hot water than ni- 
 trate of soda. Soluble in 2.5 pts. of water at 15, 
 and in less hot water. Alcohol does not precipi- 
 tate it from the aqueous solution. (Playfair.) 
 
 NITROPRUSSIDE OF ZINC. Very slightly solu- 
 ble in cold, more soluble in hot water. (Playfair.) 
 
 NITROPYRENE. Vid. 6z'NitroParaNaphthalin. 
 
 NiTRoPvRoTARTRANiL. Vid. NitroPhenyl- 
 PyroTartrimid. 
 
 NiTRoQuERCiTE. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in warm alcohol. 
 
 NiTRoSACCHARic ACID. Permanent. Very 
 (Nitrate of Glycocoll.) soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C 4 H 5 N 4 , II 0, N 5 in alcohol or spirit. 
 
 It is liable to form super- 
 saturated solutions. (Ogden.) 
 
 NlTROSACCHARATE OF BARYTA. 
 NlTROSACCHARATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) di. Permanent. 
 
 C 4 H 3 Cu 2 N 4 , H 0, N B + 2 Aq 
 
 NITROSACCHARATE OF LEAD. Permanent. 
 
 NiTRoSACCHARATE OF LIME. Permanent. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. (Braconnot.) Slightly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Gmelin's Handbook.) 
 
 NlTROSACCHARATE OF MAGNESIA. DeliqUCS- 
 
 cent. 
 
 NlTROSACCHARATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 water; less soluble in alcohol. (Horsford.) 
 
 NlTROSACCHARATE OF SlLVER. DeliqUCSCCS 
 
 C 4 H 4 Ag N 4 , H 0, N O s in moist air. 
 
 NlTROSACCHARATE OF ZlNC. 
 
 52 
 
 ACID. Scarcely at all 
 
 (NitroSalicylamid. An'dumid.) soluble 
 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 8 - N I H 3 < N <>) 0," . O, H in cold, 
 
 I "2 
 
 much 
 
 more soluble in boiling water. Much more solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether, than in water. Easily 
 soluble in cold ammonia-water, even when this is 
 very dilute. Also readily soluble in cold aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash and soda. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 352.) 
 
 NITROSALICYLAMID. Vid. NitroSalicylamic 
 Acid. 
 
 NiTRoSALiciDE. Vid. NitroSalicylous Acid. 
 NiTRoSALiCYLic ACID. Very sparingly solu- 
 
 (Anilic Acid. Indigotic Acid. ble in cold, easily 
 NitrAmlic Acid. Anilotic Acid, soluble in boilino- wi 
 NitroSpiroylic Acid.) 
 
 C.. H s N 10 + 2 Aq = ter. (Gerhardt, Ann. 
 
 C 14 II 3 (N 4 ) 4) 2 H + 2 Aq Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 
 
 225.) Soluble in 
 
 1000 pts. of cold water, and in all proportions in 
 hot water. (Buff.) Soluble in 1515 pts. of 
 water at 17, and in 35 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Strecker, in Kolbe's Lehrb., 2. 270.) Soluble in 
 5 i 6 pts. of benzin at 21. (Ibid.) Soluble in 
 all proportions in boiling alcohol. Easily soluble 
 in ether. (Strecker.) 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. 
 C M H 4 (N H 4 J (N 4 ) 6 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, some- 
 
 C 14 H 8 Baj (N 4 ) 6 + 6 Aq what more readily, 
 
 though still difficultly 
 
 soluble in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Buff.) 
 
 II. ) acid. Soluble in boiling water. 
 C 14 H 4 Ba (N O 4 ) 6 + 5 Aq 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF COPPER. Soluble Only 
 
 in hot water, separating out as the solution cools. 
 (Buff.) 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Vid. EthylNitroSalicylic Acid. 
 NITROSALICYLATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 Sparingly soluble in cold water. (Buff.) 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Entirely insoluble in water. (Du- 
 C 14 H 3 Pb 2 (N 4 ) 8 + Aq mas. ) 
 " II.) acid. Somewhat more soluble in water 
 C 14 H 4 Pb(N0 4 )0 6 + Aq than nitrosalicylic acid 
 is. (Bun.) 
 
 III.) C 14 H 8 Pb 2 (N OJ 6 ; CM H 4 Pb(N 4 ) O a I n - 
 
 SOlll" 
 
 ble in water. Soluble in free nitrosalicylic acid. 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF LlME. 
 
 IJ normal. Slightly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Tolerably soluble in water. 
 
 Nitrosalicylate of lime is readily soluble m 
 water. (Buff.) 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE OF MAGNESIA. Readily 
 soluble in water. (Buff.) 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 C 14 H 4 Hg 2 (N 4 ) 6 + 10 Aq Insoluble m cold spar- 
 ingly soluble m boiling 
 
 water. (Buff.) 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. Mcthyl- 
 NitroSalicylic Acid. 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE OF POTASH. Sparingly 
 
410 
 
 NITROSOPHENYLAMIN. 
 
 C ]4 H 4 K (N 4 ) O fi soluble in cold, readily soluble 
 in boiling water, and alcohol. 
 (Marchand.) 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF SlLVER. Difficultly 
 
 C, 4 H 4 Ag (N 4 ) B solul)le in cold ( Buff), tolerably 
 soluble in boiling water. (Du- 
 mas.) 
 
 NiTRoSALiCYLATE OF SODA. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF STRONTIA. Readily 
 
 soluble in water. (Buff.) 
 
 .Bt'NiTRoSALicYLic ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 
 (NitroPopiilic Acid.) in C O 1 d, 
 
 C 14 H 4 N 2 I4 = C M H 2 (N 4 ) 2 4 ,2HO readily 
 
 soluble in 
 
 boiling water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which solution it is precipitated un- 
 changed on the addition of water. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 12.) Very soluble 
 in water, and still more so in weak and strong 
 spirit. Decomposed by strong nitric acid. 
 (Stenhouse, Phil. Mag., 1851, (4.) 1. 245.) Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold water acidulated with 
 chlorhydric or sulphuric acid. 
 
 Its salts are difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 BtNlTROSALICYLATE OF AMMONIA. Spar- 
 
 C 14 H s (N H 4 ) (N O 4 )j 6 ingly soluble in water, 
 though somewhat more 
 soluble than the potash salt. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 .BiNlTROSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble, or insoluble in 
 C 14 H 2 Ba 2 (N 4 ) 2 O 6 + Aq boiling water. ( Sten- 
 house.) 
 
 II.) acid. Somewhat soluble in hot, less solu- 
 C 14 H 8 Ba (N 4 ) 2 6 ble in cold water. 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Ettiyli/- 
 
 NitroSalicylic Acid. 
 
 NlTROSALICYLATE ofprotOXlde OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE of scsquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE OF LEAD. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. Methyl- 
 itNitroSalicylic Acid. 
 
 NITROSALICYLATE OF POTASH. 
 I.) normal (red). Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 2 K 2 (N 4 ) 2 O a -f- Aq 
 
 II.) add (yellow). Very sparingly soluble in 
 C 14 H 3 K (N 4 ) 2 6 cold water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol or ether. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 16.) Somewhat solu- 
 ble in hot, less soluble in cold water. Readily 
 soluble in a cold dilute solution of carbonate of 
 potash, from which it is reprecipitated on the addi- 
 tion of a slight excess of chlorhydric acid. De- 
 composed by boiling chlorhydric acid. (Sten- 
 house, Phil'Mag., 1851, (4.) 1. 245.) 
 
 ZJiNiTRoSALiCYLATE OF SILVER. Very spar- 
 C 14 H 3 Ag (N O 4 ) 2 6 ingly soluble in water. ( Ca- 
 hours.) Soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. 
 
 OF SODA. Sparingly 
 C 14 H 3 Na (N 4 ) 2 O 6 soluble in water, though more 
 soluble therein than the pot- 
 ash salt. (Stenhouse.) Much more soluble in 
 water than the potash salt ; though still sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Cahours, Ann. CJi.et Phys., (3.) 
 25. pp. 13, 18.) 
 
 TerNlTROSALICYLATE OF METHYL. Vid. 
 
 MethylterNitroSalieylic Acid. 
 
 NiTitoSALicYLiDE OF X. Vid. NitroSalicvlite 
 ofX. 
 
 NiTRoSALiCYLOus ACID. Hygroscopic. Spar- 
 (Nitro Salic ide. Nitro- ingly soluble in water. 
 Spm,yUcAcid.) Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 V'li Jlc IN \Jo , A 
 
 and ether. 
 
 NlTRoSALICYLITE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 NlTROSALICYLITE OP BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C 14 H 4 Ba N 8 water. 
 
 NlTROSALICYLITE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 NlTRoSALICYLITE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 Ppt. 
 
 NlTROSALICYLITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 C 14 H 4 Pb (N 4 ) 4 ; 8 Pb 
 
 NlTROSALICYLITE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Loe- 
 wig.) 
 
 NITROSALICYLITE OF SODA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 NiTRoSALiTHOL. Vid. NitroPhenate of Ethyl. 
 
 NiTKoSiNAPYL RESIN. Insoluble in water or 
 C 24 H 12 N a S 4 12 alcohol. Difficultly soluble in 
 ether. Decomposed by alkaline 
 solutions. (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 NiTRoSiNAPYLic ACID. Easily soluble in 
 C 18 H 9 N 7 S O 17 water. Insoluble in alcohol, or 
 ether. (Loewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 NlTRoSlNAPYLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 water. (L. & W.) 
 
 NlTROSlNAPYLATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 NlTRoSlNAPYLATE OF POTASH. Soluble ID 
 
 water. (L. & W.) 
 
 NlTROSlNAPYLATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 NiTROSoNAPHTYLAMiN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (NitrosoNaphtylin.) Soluble in boiling 
 
 C 20 II 8 N 2 2 = N \ 2 H ' ( N ^ 2 " alcohol. Insoluble 
 
 in dilute acids ; but 
 
 soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. (Church 
 & Perkin, J. Ch. Soc., Q.I.) Soluble in ether. 
 
 NiTROSoPELARGONic ACID. Insoluble, or but 
 C J8 H 18 N 2 8 sparingly soluble in water. Its 
 salts dissolve with great difficulty 
 in cold water. (Chio/za.) 
 
 NlTROSOPELARGONATE OF AMMONIA. IllSol- 
 
 uble in cold water. 
 
 NlTROSOPELARGONATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 C lg H 17 Ba N 2 8 
 
 NlTROSOPELARGONATE OF POTASH. Very 
 
 sparingly soluble in cold, readily soluble in boil- 
 ing water, and alcohol. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether. 
 
 NlTROSOPELARGONATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 C ]8 H 17 AgN 2 8 
 
 NlTROSOPELARGONATE OF SODA. Resembles 
 
 the potash salt. It separates out almost entirely 
 from its boiling aqueous solution when this is al- 
 lowed t cool. 
 
 NiTROBoPiiENYLAMiN. Almost insoluble in 
 
 (Nitrosophenylin.) water. Readily sol- 
 
 C J2 H 6 N 2 2 = N \ 9, 12 H (N 2 ^ uble in alcohol, and 
 
 in acids. Insoluble 
 
 in benzin, &c. (Church & Perkin, J. Ch. Soc., Q. 
 
 1.) 
 
 NiTisoSriROYLic ACID. Vid. NitroSalicylic 
 Acid ; and NitroSalicylous Acid. 
 
NITROTOLUENYLAMIN. 
 
 411 
 
 ACID. Almost insoluble in 
 (NitroSiilbenicAdd.') water, more 
 
 CM H n N 14 = <J 28 H 9 (N 4 ) 8 , 2 H readily solu- 
 ble in alco- 
 hol; and still more readily soluble in ether. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 NlTROSTILBATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 NlTROSTILBATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 C 28 H 9 Ag 2 (N 4 ) 10 
 
 NiTRoSxYROL. Vid. NitroCinnamene. 
 
 NiTRoSucciNic ACID. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 NiTuoSucciNATE OF ANiLiN. Almost insol- 
 uble in cold, 'soluble in boiling alcohol. (Hof- 
 mann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 155.) 
 
 NiTRoSuGAR. Insoluble in water. Behaves 
 towards solvents like a resin. 
 
 NiTRoSuLPHATE OF X. Vid. Sulphite of X 
 and Nitric Oxide. 
 
 NITROSULPHIDE OF IRON. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 Fe 2 S 3 N O 2 ter, alcohol, or ether. Soluble in 
 
 solutions of caustic alkalies and of 
 
 alkaline sulphides, with combination. (Roussin.) 
 
 NITROSULPHIDE OF IRON & OF COBALT. Solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol, in almost all proportions. (Roussin.) 
 
 NITROSULPHIDE OF IRON & OF LEAD. Solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol, and ether, in almost all propor- 
 tions. (Roussin.) 
 
 NlTROSuLPHIDE OF IRON & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) Fe 2 S 3 , N 2) Na 3. H Permanent. Soluble 
 in water. Soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether, in almost all proportions. In- 
 soluble in bisulphide of carbon, or chloroform. 
 (Roussin, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 297.) 
 II.) Fe 2 S s , N 2 , 3 Na 8 Readily soluble in water. 
 Very soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Roussin, loc. cit., p. 294.) 
 
 NITROSULPHIDE OF IRON & OF ZlNC. Solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol, and ether, in almost all proportions. 
 (Roussin.) 
 
 ZJt'NiTRo SULPHIDE OF IRON. Soluble in about 
 
 Fe 3 S 5 II N 2 0, = Fe 2 S 8 , N O 2 ; 2 pts. of boiling wa- 
 
 1'e s, N 2 ; H S ter. Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold water. 
 
 Extremely soluble in alcohol, wood-spirit, amyl- 
 alcohol, and glacial acetic acid. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in naphtha, and oil of turpentine. Soluble in 
 all proportions in ordinary ether. Completely in- 
 soluble in bisulphide of carbon or chloroform. 
 Decomposed by concentrated chlorhydric, nitric, 
 or sulphuric acids. Appears to be unacted upon 
 by tartaric or oxalic acids. Insoluble in ammo- 
 nia-water or a solution of caustic potash. (Rous- 
 sin, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 52. 286.) 
 
 NiTRoSuLPiioBENZiD. Insoluble in cold, and 
 
 (JVitroSulphoBenzene.') but sparingly 
 
 CM H u N S 2 8 = { "4 (N 4 ) S 2 4 so i u ble in hot 
 I c iz H s water. Read- 
 
 ily soluble in hot, less soluble in cold spirit. Easily 
 soluble in ether. Soluble in nitric acid ; but in- 
 soluble in chlorhydric, or sulphuric acids. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in hot aqueous solutions of the caus- 
 tic and carbonated alkalies. (Gericke, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 100. 208.) 
 
 BiNiTRoSuLPHoBENziD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C M H 8 (N0 4 ) 2 S 2 4 Sparingly soluble in boiling 
 
 alcohol, and ether. Soluble 
 
 in strong nitric acid ; but insoluble in dilute acids. 
 
 (Gericke, loc. oil.) 
 
 NiTRoSuLPHoBENZioic ACID. Vid. Nitro- 
 PhenylSulphurous Acid. 
 
 NITROSULPIIOBENZOIC AdD. 
 C, 4 H 5 N S 2 14 = C 14 H 3 (N 4 ) 2 , S 2 0, 2 H 
 
 NlTRoSULPHOBENZOATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 3 Ba 2 N S 2 14 + 3" Aq & 6 Aq 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 14 H 4 Ba N S 2 14 + 4 Aq 
 
 NiTRoSiiLPHoBENzOATE OF SILVER. Easily 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ACID. Very sol- 
 uble in water, alcohol, 
 Sulphate of mtroNaphtoyl.) and et her. (Laurent.) 
 
 ^20 **? ** >2 "10 
 
 NlTROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 NlTROSULPHONAPIITHALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 OH, H 8 Ba (N 4 ) S 2 6 Soluble in water. 
 
 NlTROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF LlME. Tol- 
 
 C 20 H Ca (N Oi) S 2 Og + Aq erably soluble in water, 
 and alcohol (more read- 
 ily in dilute than in concentrated). (Laurent.) 
 
 NlTROSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Ui'NlTROSuLPHoNAPHTHALIC AdD. Not 
 
 C 20 H 6 N 2 S 2 O 14 isolated. 
 
 jBz'NlTROSuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 C 20 H 5 (NH 4 )N 2 S 2 14 
 
 LIC ACID. Vid. NitroXy- 
 leneSulphurous Acid. 
 
 ACID. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 4 N 2 20 = C 8 H 2 (N 4 ) 2 10 ,2 H The compound 
 
 is very un- 
 stabie. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 B/NlTROTARTRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 C, II 3 (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) 2 12 
 
 NiTRoTnEiN. Vid. Parabanate of Methyl. 
 
 NlTRoTHIONESSAL. 
 C 62 H 14 N 4 S 2 16 
 
 fiz'NiTRoTHYMic ACID. Very sparingly solu- 
 (BiNitro Thymol. BiNitroThymylic hie in water. 
 
 Acid. Hydrate of biNitroTh.ymyl.') Sninblp in nil 
 
 C M H I2 N 2 10 = C w Hll (N 4 ) 2 0, H pr U po e r ;" O ns 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. Its salts are only sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Lallemand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 49. 152.) 
 
 ZJz'NiTRoTnYMATE OF LEAD. Very sparingly 
 C 20 H u Pb (N 4 ) 2 2 soluble in water. 
 
 OF POTASH. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 OF SILVER. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 TerNiTRoTHYMic ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 ( TerNltro Thymol. in cold wa- 
 
 TerNitroTkymylic Acul.) . t fr Vcrv 
 
 C 20 H u N 3 ]4 = C^ H 10 (N 4 ) 3 0, H JJg^ g 
 
 alcohol, and ether. Its salts are more soluble 
 than those of fo'nitrothymic acid. 
 
 TerNlTROTHYMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 20 H 10 Pb(N0 4 ) 3 2 
 
 TerNiTRoTiiYMATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 TerNlTROTHYMATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 JtrNlTROTHYMATE OF SlLVER. Ppt (Lalle- 
 
 mand, loc. cit.) 
 
 NiTRoToLE. Vid. Hydride of NitroToluenyl. 
 
 NlTROTOLUENYLASIlN. 
 
 (NitroToluidin.) 
 
412 
 
 OCTYL. 
 
 NITROTOLUIC ACID. Vid. NitroToluylic Acid. 
 
 NITROTOLUID. Vid. Hydride of NitroTo- 
 Ittenyl. 
 
 NITROTOLUOL. Vid. Hydride of NitroTo- 
 luenyl. 
 
 NITROTOLUYLIC ACID. Very sparingly solu- 
 
 (NitroToluic Acid.) ble in cold Wa- 
 
 C ]8 H 7 N0 8 = C 10 H 9 (N0 4 )0 3 , HO ter. Soluble in 
 
 wood-spirit, and 
 
 in boiling alcohol. Unacted upon by concen- 
 trated sulphuric or nitric acids. (Noad.) 
 
 NiTRoToLUTLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NlTROTOLUYLATE OF BARYTA. Readily SOlu- 
 
 C 16 H 6 Ba (N 4 ) 4 ble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold water. 
 
 NlTROTOLUYLATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 
 NITROTOLUYLATE OF ETHYL. Sparingly solu- 
 (Nitro Tuluic Ether.) ble, or insoluble in water. 
 
 C 16 H e (C 4 H 8 ) (N 4 ) 4 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 NITROTOLUYLATE OF LIME. More soluble 
 C 16 II 6 Ca (N 4 ) O 5 than the baryta-salt in water. 
 
 NlTROTOLUYLATE OF METHYL. Insoluble, Or 
 
 (MethylNitroToluic Ether.) only slightly soluble, in 
 
 C 16 H (U 2 H 3 ) (N 4 ) 4 water. Soluble in ether. 
 
 Soluble in strong nitric 
 
 acid, from which it is precipitated on the addition 
 of water. 
 
 NITROTOLUYLATE OF POTASH. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 NiTRoToLCYLATE OF SILVER. Readily Sblu- 
 
 C 16 H 6 Ag (N 4 ) 4 ble in boiling, less soluble in 
 
 cold water. Sparingly soluble 
 
 in alcohol. 
 
 NITROTOLUYLATE OF SODA. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NlTROTOLUYLATE OF STRONTIA. Somewhat 
 
 more soluble than the baryta-salt in boiling water. 
 
 NITROTYROSIN. Very difficultly soluble in 
 C lg H 10 (N 4 ) N 6 cold, and only sparingly solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol or ether. Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and in aqueous solutions of the fixed alkalies 
 Also easily soluble in the dilute mineral acids 
 Acetic acid dissolves but little more of it than 
 pure water. 
 
 NITROTYROSIN BARYTA. Easily soluble in 
 C, 8 H 9 Ba (N 4 ) N O 8 water. 
 NITROTYROSIN SILVER. 
 I.) C 18 H 8 Ag 2 (N0 4 )N0 6 +2Aq Somewhat solu- 
 ble in water 
 (Staedeler.) 
 
 II.) C M H 8 As* (N 4 ) 2 N ; Insoluble in water 
 C 18 H 9 Ag (N 4 ) N O a ( Strecker. ) 
 
 JBzNiTRoTYROSiN. Only very sparingly solu 
 C 18 H 9 (N 4 ) 2 N 6 ble in cold, and rather diffi 
 cultly soluble in hot water 
 Easily soluble in alcohol; much less soluble in 
 ether. (Stasdeler.) 
 Z^'NiTRoTYROSiN AMMONIA. 
 Bt'NiTRoTYROSiN BARYTA. Soluble in hot, less 
 C 18 H 7 Baj (N 4 ) 2 N + 4 Aq soluble in cold water. 
 LEAD. 
 
 LIME. Only sparingly sol 
 C, 8 H 7 Ca 2 (N 4 ) 2 N O 6 + 6 Act uble in boiling water 
 Insoluble in alcoho 
 or ether. Soluble in warm dilute acetic acid 
 
 rom which it crystallizes out in great part on 
 cooling. 
 
 MAGNESIA. Soluble in wa- 
 
 POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 SILVER. Ppt. Easily solu- 
 )le in ammonia-water and in nitric acid. 
 
 SODA. Soluble in water. 
 NITROUS ETHER. Vid. Nitrite of Ethyl. 
 NITROUS OXIDE. Vid. prcrfOxide of Nitrogen. 
 
 NITRO VALERIC ACID. Readily soluble in 
 (Nitro Valerianic Acid.) warm, much 
 
 C 10 H 9 (N 4 ) 4 = C 10 H 8 (N 4 ) 8 , H less soluble 
 
 in cold wa- 
 ter. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 NITRO VALERATB OF BARYTA. Easily solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 NITRO VALERATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 NITRO VALERATE OF LEAD. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 NITRO VALERATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 NITRO VALERATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boil- 
 C 10 H 8 Ag (N 4 ) 4 ing water. 
 
 NiTRoVERATRic ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 H 8 N 12 = C 18 H 8 (N 0^0,, H water. Easily 
 
 soluble in alco- 
 hol. (W. Merck.) 
 
 ZJ/XlTItoVERATRIC AdD. 
 
 BNiTRoVERATROL. Difficultly soluble in 
 C M H 8 N 2 0^ = C 16 H 8 (N 4 ) 2 O 4 water, easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 NiTROxYBENZOic ACID. Easily soluble in 
 C, 4 H 5 (N0 4 )0 6 warm water. (Gerland, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 193.) 
 
 NiTROxYBENZOATE OF POTASH. Very spar- 
 C 14 H 4 K (N O 4 )O 6 ingly soluble .in cold, easily sol- 
 uble in boiling water. (Gerland, 
 Joe. cit.) 
 
 NiTRoXYLENE. Insoluble, or very sparingly 
 (NitroXylole. Hydride of N itro Xylyl.) soluble in wa- 
 C 16 H 9 (H 4 ), or C 16 H 8 (N 0^) j ter> Soluble 
 
 in alcohol. 
 (Church.) 
 
 NlTROXYLENESuLPHUROUS ACID. Not isO- 
 (N itro Sulpha Xylic Acid.) lated. 
 C w H 9 N S 2 10 
 
 NlTRoXYLENESULPHITE OF BARYTA. Solu- 
 
 C 10 n g Ba (N 4 ) S 2 8 ble in water. (Church.) 
 
 NONYLENE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 (Elaene. Pelargonene.) alcohol, though less abun- 
 C 18 H J8 " dantly than caproene, and 
 
 in ether. (Fremy.) 
 
 NuciN(from Cocos nucifera). Difficultly solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Easily solu- 
 ble in alkaline solutions. (Brandes.) 
 
 O. 
 
 OCTO. See Octo, as prefix, under the generic 
 name of the substance sought for. 
 OCTYL. 
 
 (Capryl.) 
 
 c ]8 H 17 or !> 
 
CENOLIN. 
 
 413 
 
 OCTYLAMIN. Insoluble in water. Very easily 
 (Cuprylamin. Capryliaque.) soluble in alcohol, and 
 C M H. a N = N J H 16 H " ether. (Bouis, Ann. Ck. 
 et Phys., (3.) 44. 140.) 
 
 OCT YLATE OF X. Vid. Oxide of X & of Octyl. 
 
 OCTYLENE. Vid. Caprylene. 
 
 OCTYLPHOSPHORIC ACID. 
 
 ( CaprylPhosphoric Acid.) 
 
 OCTYLPlIOSPHATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 OcTYLPnospiiATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OCTYLPHOSPHATE OF LIME. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Bouis, Ann. Ck. et Phys., (3.) 44. 128.) 
 
 OcTYLSuLFHURic ACID. Very soluble in 
 (fupryi Sulphuric Add. water, and al- 
 
 SulphoC'aprylic Acid.) r>r>hr>l /Tlmiiv; 
 
 r w s a r w n TT ft 9 O COBOL (liOUlb, 
 c io H ie S 2 g = c ie H n i u u > B 2 u o Ann. C/i. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 124.) All of its salts are soluble 
 in water. 
 
 OCTYLStlLPHATE OF BARYTA. Extremely 
 
 C to H 17 Ba S 2 O 8 + 3 Aq soluble in water, especially 
 when this is warm, and in 
 alcohol. (Bouis, Ibid.) 
 
 OCTYLSULPHATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 
 OcTYLSuLPHATE OF LIME. Its properties are 
 similar to those of the baryta-salt. (Moschin, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 116.) 
 
 OCTYLSULPHATE OF POTASH. Permanent. 
 C 18 H 17 K S 2 O g + Aq Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Bouis, loc. cit., p. 126.) 
 
 OoMYL(of Anderson). Soluble in alcohol. . 
 
 CTT a 7 
 8 H 8 & 2 
 
 ODORiN(of Unverdorben). Vid. Picolin. 
 
 CENANTnAcETONE. Vid. Oxide of Caproyl & 
 of CEuanthoyl. 
 
 CENANTHIC AciD(Anhydrous). Insoluble in 
 C 28 H 2o 4 water - Soluble in absolute and hy- 
 drated alcohol ; it is, however, par- 
 tially acidified by the latter. 
 
 (ENANTHIC ACID. [Delffs has expressed the 
 
 (CEnanthylous-Acid. Sitinic Acid.) opinion that cenan- 
 
 [Not to be confounded with thic acid is iden- 
 ffi,,a H ; C (C 14 H 0] { ^.^ , 
 
 - ^ 
 
 idea is not generally admitted, however.] Very 
 sparingly soluble, or insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic and carbonated 
 alkalies. 
 
 CENANTIIATE OF AMMONIA. Docs not form 
 a clear solution with water. (Delffs.) 
 
 CENANTHATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 CENANTHATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 Partially soluble, with decomposition, in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 CENANTHATE OF ETHYL. Not Sensibly Solu- 
 
 C 28 Hj,, (C 4 H 6 ) 2 6 ble in water. Very easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, even when this 
 is dilute, and ether. (Liebig & Pelouze.) 
 
 CENANTHATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Readily soluble in hot, less soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. By washing with cold alcohol, it is decom- 
 posed to a hyperacid, and a basic, salt. (Liebig & 
 Pelouze.) 
 
 CENANTHATE OF POTASH. 
 
 1 ) normai. Known only in aijueous solution. 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 ^ H K O 
 
 CENANTHATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 CENANTHATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, nnd 
 n alcohol; less readily when this is cold. (Mul- 
 der. ) 
 
 CENANTHOL. Vid. Hydride of CEnanthyl. 
 
 CENANTHYLAMID. Soluble in boiling, less 
 i H N0 __ N C 14 H 13 2 soluble in cold water. 
 
 Pharm., ' 91. 103.) 
 Soluble in boiling spirit. (Gerhardt's Jr.) 
 CENANTHYLIC AciD(Anhydrous). 
 
 [(Enanthylic (Enanthylate.) 
 
 CENANTHYLIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble 
 (Azoleic Acid. Aboleic Acid.) \ n W atcr, easily soluble 
 [Not to be confounded with in alcohol ami ether> 
 (^.nant/nc Acid (O 9S Uo \J r }.\ o i i i 
 
 H M 4 = <4ffJXH Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in concen- 
 trated nitric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water; but when the acid solution 
 is boiled for a long time decomposition occurs. 
 
 Excepting those of the alkalies, most of its salts 
 are difficultly soluble. 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble 
 in water. (Bussy.) 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 57 
 
 C u H 13 Ba0 4 pts. of water at 23. (Bussy.) Less 
 soluble in water than the caproate, 
 but more soluble than the caprylate. 
 
 Very easily soluble in hot water ; still more 
 easily soluble in hot alcohol of 85%, from which it 
 crystallizes out almost completely as the solution 
 cools. (Arzbascher.) Soluble in 392 pts. of al- 
 cohol. (Bussy.) Insoluble in ether. 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF BfiNZOYL. Vid. BenZ- 
 
 CEnamhylic Acid(Anhydrous). 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF COPPER. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in Wa- 
 
 CM HIS (4 H fi) ter - Easil y soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Slightly soluble in boiling, and still less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. (Tilley.) 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF PHENYL. 
 Culla&nUJ 4 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in 
 water. (Tilley.) 
 
 CENANTHYLATE OF SlLVER. Insoluble ill wa- 
 
 C H H 13 Ag0 4 ter. (Bussy.) 
 
 CENANTHYLENE. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C H " in alcohol. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phy*., 
 (3.) 44. 89.) Insoluble, or very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. (Lim- 
 pricht.) 
 
 CENANTHYLIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of 
 CEnanthyl. . 
 
 CENANTHYLoBENzoic ACID( Anhydrous). Vid. 
 BenzCEnanthylic Acid(Anhydrous). 
 
 CENANTHYLOCOMINIC ACID. 
 
 ( (Enanthylate of Cumyl. Cuminate of (Enanthyl.) 
 C34H 24 (! = ^^^}0 2 
 
 CENOLIN (coloring matter of wine). Insoluble 
 
 ( r;,w, c Add) in water. (Mulder.) Very spar- 
 
 C 20 H 10 Ojo ingly soluble in cold, somewhat 
 
 more soluble in hot water. (Gle'- 
 
 nard.) More readily soluble in water containing 
 
414 
 
 OILS. 
 
 tartaric or acetic acid. Soluble in wood-spirit. 
 Insoluble in bisulphide of carbon or chloroform. 
 (Glenard.) Quite insoluble in alcohol alone, but 
 dissolves in alcohol containing a trace of acetic 
 acid ; more slowly, though completely soluble in 
 alcohol containing tartaric acid. (Mulder.) Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol. (Gle'nard.) Insoluble in 
 ether, benzin, olive-oil, or oil of turpentine. 
 [Compare " Rosito " and " Pourprit," which, ac- 
 cording to Batilliat, occur as coloring matters in 
 wine.] 
 
 CENYLAMIN. Vid. Propylamin. 
 
 OILS (Essential or Volatile). See ESSENCES. 
 
 OILS (Fixed or Fatty). [Compare FATS.] In- 
 soluble, or scarcely at all soluble in water. With 
 the exception of castor-oil, and a few others, they 
 are scarcely at all soluble in cold alcohol, though 
 somewhat soluble, with decomposition, in boiling 
 alcohol. 
 
 When a neutral oil is contaminated with a 
 portion of free fatty acid, the whole may be dis- 
 solved in alcohol ; or if oleic acid is added to a 
 mixture of alcohol and a neutral oil, the latter will 
 dissolve, and if the oleic acid is in large excess as 
 compared with the oil, no precipitate is produced 
 by the addition of more alcohol to the solution. 
 (Pelouze, C. R., 1855, 40. 609.) largely solu- 
 ble in ether, benzin, and the various naphthas 
 and oils obtained by the dry distillation of coal, 
 &c., in oil of turpentine, and the other essential 
 oils ; also in the other fatty oils, in bisulphide of 
 carbon, chloride of sulphur, protochloride of phos- 
 phorous, chloroform, fusel-oil, caprylic alcohol, 
 acetone, chloride of ethyl, and the like. Many of 
 them are soluble in concentrated acetic acid. 
 And in butyric acid. (Chevrcul, Barrcswil.) In 
 oil of ocotea. (Hancock.) In oil of mandarin. 
 (Luca.) 
 
 They are not miscible with glycerin. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 324.) Soluble, with combination, in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. Shaken with an 
 aqueous, not too dilute solution of carbonate of 
 potash they form emulsions without undergoing 
 decomposition. When heated with aqueous solu- 
 tions of the caustic alkalies, or of the alkaline car- 
 bonates under pressure, they are decomposed, 
 with formation of soap and separation of glycerin. 
 
 It is remarkable that the fats and oils are much 
 more slowly saponified by potash and soda than by 
 lime. This appears to depend upon the fact that 
 milk of lime mixes more readily with the fats than 
 a solution of potash or soda. A view which 
 is supported by the following experiment. 
 When a neutral oil is dissolved in warm alcohol, 
 and an alcoholic solution of potash added to it, the 
 mixture is instantly saponified on being heated to" 
 boiling. So, too, if an oil be mixed with an ex- 
 cess of concentrated sulphuric acid the saponifica- 
 tion is instantaneous and complete, the whole of 
 the oil being converted into sulphoglyceric acid, 
 and the sulphofatty acids. The saponification is 
 immediate in these cases, because both the sub- 
 stances brought together and the products formed 
 are capable of mixing together in all proportions, 
 thus presenting numerous and intimate points of 
 contact. (Pelouze, C- R, 1855, 40. 609.) 
 
 OIL OF ALMONDS(from the kernels of A. com- 
 (Ol. Amygdala.) munis). Soluble in 25 pts. of cold, 
 and in 6 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 
 1000 drops of alcohol, of 0.823, dissolve 3 drops 
 of it at 12. 5. (Schubarth's Tech. Cliem.) 4 vols. 
 of ether, of 0.7563 sp. gr. dissolve 1.25 vols. of it. 
 (Brande, Phil. Trans., 1811, p. 264. [T.].) Mis- 
 cible in all proportions with ether. 
 
 OIL (essential) OF BITTER ALMONDS. Vid. 
 Hydride of Benzoyl. 
 
 OIL OF ARAcms(from the fruit of Arachis hy- 
 (Huile d'Arachide. Ol. arachadis. poywa). Insoluble 
 Peanut oil. Ground-nut oil.) jn alcohol, and 
 
 acetone. Soluble 
 
 in all proportions in ether, chloroform, and ben- 
 zin. (J. Winter, Amer. Drug. Circular, Nov. I860, 
 4.310; from Am. J. Pharm.) Very sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. Readily soluble in ether. 
 (Gerhardt's Tr., 2. 878.) 
 
 OIL OF ASPARAGUS (from the sprouts of Aspa- 
 ragus officinalis). Insoluble in water. Tolerably 
 easily soluble in cold alcohol. Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in ether, and oils. Also soluble in alka- 
 line solutions and in nitric, chlorhydric and sul- 
 phuric acids. (Latour de Trie& Rozieres.) 
 
 OiL[from the distillation] OF ASPHALTCM. 
 Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Vcelckel, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 143.) 
 
 OIL OF BASSiA(from seeds of Bassia latifolia). 
 Sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol, but scarcely 
 at all in ordinary alcohol. Easily soluble in ether. 
 
 BEECH-NDT OiL(from the fruit of Fama syl- 
 vatica). 1000 drops of alcohol, of 0.823, dissolve 
 4 drops of it at 12.5. (Schubarth's Tech. Chem.) 
 
 OIL OF BEN(from the fruit of Moringa oleifera, 
 (Behencel. Ol. been.) &c.). Completely soluble in 
 boiling concentrated alcohol, 
 and for the most part in boiling spirit also. 
 
 OiL(essen^'/)OF BITTER ALMONDS. Vid. Hy- 
 dride of Benzoyl. 
 
 OIL OF BRAziL-NuTs(from the kernels of the 
 ( Ol. BerihoUt'uB.) fruit of B. excelsa.) 
 OIL OF CARAPA(from Carapa guianensis). 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Easily soluble in 
 ether. Soluble, with combination, in hot caustic 
 alkaline solutions. 
 
 CASTOR-OiL(from the seeds of Ricinus com- 
 (01. Ridni.) munis.) Easily soluble in 1 volume 
 of absolute alcohol. 
 
 1 pt. of alcohol of 36 dissolves -f of its weight. 
 Soluble in all proportions in absolute alcohol. 
 (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 80.) Soluble 
 in its own weight of alcohol of 0.820 sp. gr., and 
 miscible in all proportions with absolute alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in all proportions in ether. (Brande, 
 Phil. Trans., 1811, p. 264. [T.].) When mixed in 
 certain proportions with other oils it renders them 
 soluble in alcohol. It also dissolves some alcohol, 
 but this property diminishes with the strength of 
 the alcohol. (Parrish's Pharm., pp. 323, 330.) 
 With alkalies it forms a soap which is completely 
 soluble in water. 
 
 COCOA-NUT OiL(from the kernels of Cocus nuci- 
 (Oleum cocois.) fera, &c.). Contains cocinin, q. v., 
 and a fluid olein. As a whole, it 
 is easily soluble in alcohol. (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 Soluble in hot strong alcohol, and ether. Easily 
 soluble in benzin, &c., and in the fatty and essen- 
 tial oils. 
 
 COD-LIVER OIL. The light-colored oil is 
 
 ( Ol. morijiwz. Ol. Jec. Aselli.) soluble in 22 pts. of hot 
 
 alcohol, of 0.825, and 
 
 in all proportions in ether. The brown oil is very 
 easily soluble in hot spirit. (Schubarth's Tech. 
 Chem.) 
 
 In Europe several varieties of cod-liver oil are 
 distinguished : 
 
 I.) Oleum Jecoris Aselli fuscum(dark brown). 
 Cold alcohol dissolves 5. or 6% of it, boiling alco- 
 hol 6 (a) 7%. 
 
OILS. 
 
 415 
 
 II.) Oleum Jecoris Aselli subfiiscum (color of Ma- 
 laga wine). Cold alcohol dissolves 2 or 3% of it, 
 and boiling alcohol 6 @ 7%. 
 
 III.) Oleum Jecoris Aselli jlavttm (golden yellow). 
 100 pts. of cold alcohol dissolve 2 or 3 pts. of it; 
 lOOpts. of boiling alcohol 3 or 4 pts. (Kolbe's 
 Lehrb., 2. 46.) 
 
 COLZA OiL(from the seeds of Brasica camprcstis 
 oleifera ) . 
 
 COTTON-SEED OIL. 
 
 OIL OF CRESs(from Lepidium ruderale, $~c.). 
 Slowly soluble in water. Readily soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. (Pless.) Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of water. 
 
 CROTON OIL (from the seeds of Croton Tiglinm). 
 (Ol. tiglii.) Soluble in. its own weight of alcohol 
 of 0.796 sp. gr. 
 
 Soluble in about its own bulk of very strong 
 alcohol, but after two or three days nearly all the 
 oil separates. (Parrish's Pharm., pp. 323, 332.) 
 Easily soluble in ether. 
 
 OIL OF CYPERUs(zeo?ary)(from Cyperus escu- 
 lenta). 1000 drops of alcohol, of 0.823, dissolve 
 4 drops of it at 12.5. Very easily soluble in 
 ether. (Schubarth's Tech. Chem.) 
 
 OIL OF THE DUTCH CHEMISTS. Vid. Chloride 
 of Ethylene. 
 
 OILS, Essential. See ESSENCES or ESSENTIAL 
 OILS. 
 
 OIL OF EupHORBiAffrom the seeds of Euphorbia 
 
 (Huilede Medic inierU}) Lathyris). Nearly insoluble 
 
 in alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 
 FILBERT OIL. Vid. Oil of Hazel-Nuts. 
 
 FLAX-SEED OIL. Vid. Linseed Oil. 
 
 OIL OF GARLIC. Vid. Sulphide of Allyl. 
 
 GRAPE-SEED OiL(from the seeds of Vitis vini- 
 fera). 100 drops of alcohol, of 0.823, dissolve 
 6 drops of it. (Schubarth's Tech. Chem.) 
 
 OIL OF GROUND-NUTS. Vid. Oil of Arachis. 
 
 OIL OF HAZEL-NuTs(from Corylus avellana), 
 1000 drops of alcohol, of 0.823, dissolve 3 drops 
 of it at ]25. (Schubarth's Tech. Chem.) 
 
 HEMP OiL(from the seeds of Cannabis saliva). 
 Soluble in all proportions in boiling alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in 30 pts. of cold alcohol. 
 
 OIL OF HORSE-RADISH (from the root of Coch- 
 learia Armoracia). Readily soluhle in alcohol. 
 Somewhat soluble in water. (Einhof.) 
 
 OIL OF HTOSCTAMUS. Soluble in 60 pts. of 
 alcohol. Easily soluble in ether. (Schubarth's 
 Tech. Chem.) 
 
 OIL OF JATROPHA. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Ol. Cicinum. Oil of Physic Nut. hot alcohol. 
 Oil of Castor Nut. Oil of Barbadoes 
 Nut (from Jatropha curcas).) 
 
 LARD OiL(expressed from hogs' lard). 
 
 (Ol. adipis.) 
 
 LAUREL OiL(from the fruit of Laurus nobilis.) 
 (Laurel Butter.) Cold alcohol removes an odorous 
 volatile oil and a green coloring 
 matter, leaving laurate of glyceryl (q. v.), which is 
 the principal component. [See also Hydride of 
 Benzoyl.J 
 
 LINSEED OiL(from the seeds of Linum usitatis- 
 (Flcu-seed oil. Ol. lini.) simum). Soluble in 5 pts. 
 of boiling, and in 40 pts. 
 of cold alcohol, and in 1.6 pts. of ether. 
 
 100 drops of alcohol, of 0.823, dissolve 6 drops 
 of it at 12.5. (Schubarth's Tech. Client.) 4 vols. 
 of ether, of 0.7563 sp. gr. dissolve 2.5 vols. of it. 
 (Brande, Phil. Trans., 1811, p. 264. [T.].) Very 
 old linseed oil is much more easily soluble in al- 
 cohol than that which has recently been expressed. 
 (Kolbe's Lehrb.) 
 
 OIL OF MACE(from the nutmeg, Myristica fra- 
 (Ol.myristtcaatleps. grans). 
 
 Oil of Nutmegs.) Readily soluble in boiling 
 
 ether. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 
 
 329.) Partially soluble in cold alcohol, and ether. 
 
 OIL OF MADiA(from Madia Sativa). Soluble 
 in 30 pts. of cold, and in 6 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 
 " OIL OF MUSTARD." Vid. SulphoCyanide of 
 Allyl. 
 
 OIL OF BLACK MUSTARD (from Sinapis nigra). 
 1000 drops of alcohol of 0.823, dissolve 3 drops 
 of it at 12.5. Soluble in 4 pts. of ether. (Schu- 
 barth's Tech. Chem.) 
 
 OIL OF WHITE MusTARD(from Sinapis aJba). 
 Forms a soap with soda entirely soluble in water, 
 containing erucic acid. 
 
 NEATS-FOOT OiL(from the bones of oxen). 
 
 ( Ol. bubulum.) 
 
 NUT OiL(from Juglans regia). 100 drops of al- 
 (Walnut oil.) cohol, of 0.823, dissolve 6 drops of 
 it at 12.5. (Schubarth's Tech. 
 Chem.) 
 
 OIL OF NUTMEGS. Vid. Oil of Mace. 
 
 OIL OF OLEFIANT GAS. Vid. Chloride of 
 Ethylene. 
 
 OLIVE OiL(from the fruit of Olea Europcea). 
 (Sweet oil. Ol.olivce.) Nearly insoluble in alcohol. 
 Soluble in 1.5 its weight of 
 ether. (Parrish's Pharm., pp. 323, 327.) Some- 
 what soluble in lignone. Readily soluble in ben- 
 zin, chloroform, bisulphide of carbon, &c., &c. 
 
 Soluble in 2.7 pts. of ether. 1000 drops of al- 
 cohol, of 0.823, dissolve 3 drops of it at 12.f>. 
 (Schubarth's Tech. Chem.) 4 vols. of ether, of 
 0.7563 sp. gr., dissolve 1.5 vols. of it. (Brande, 
 Phil. Trans., 1811, p. 264 [T."|.) 
 
 PALJ* OIL or PALM BUTTEE. 
 
 OIL OF PiNE(from Pinus picea or abies). 
 
 " PINET TALLOW "(from Valeria indica). Al- 
 cohol of 0.82 extracts 2% of an olcin. 
 
 POPPY OiL(from the seeds of Papaver somni- 
 (01. Papaveris.) ferum). Sqiuble in 25 pts. of 
 cold, and in 6 pts. of boiling alco- 
 hol. Miscible in all proportions with ether. 
 
 100 drops of alcohol, of 0.823, dissolve at 12.5, 
 8 drops of old poppy oil, and 4 drops of fresh. 
 (Schubarth's Tech. Chem.) 
 
 PORPOISE OIL. 
 
 I.) (from Delphinus Phoccena). Soluble in 5 pts. 
 of boiling alcohol, of 0.821 sp. gr. (Chevreul.) ' 
 
 II.) (from D. globiceps). 100 pts. of alcohol, of 
 0.81 sp. gr., dissolve 100 pts. of it at 70. (Chev- 
 reul.) 
 
 When cooled to both of these oils deposit a 
 solid fat, and the supernatant oil is soluble in 0.67 
 pt. of alcohol, of 0.829 sp. gr., at 70. (Chevreul.) 
 
 OIL OF PRUNES (from the kernels of Prunus 
 domestica). 
 
 OIL OF RADiSH(from Raphanus sativus). Tol- 
 erably soluble in water. (Pless.) 
 
416 
 
 OLEATES. 
 
 OIL OF RAPE-SEED[from the seeds of Brassica 
 campestris var. oleifera (Rapsod) ', and from the 
 seeds of Brassica ra/t and napus (Rucbcd).} 
 
 OIL OP ScuRVY-GRASs(frora the herb Coch- 
 learia officinalis.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SESAMI OiL(from the seeds of Scsamum 
 (Ol. sesami.) orientale). 
 
 OIL OF SuNFLOWER(from the seeds of He- 
 lianthus annuus). 
 
 SKATE-LIVER OiL(from the livers of Raia 
 clavata and R. batis). Insoluble in water. 100 
 pts. of alcohol, of 89% by vol., dissolve 1.5 pts. of 
 it at 10, and 14.5 pts. at the temperature of boil- 
 ing. Much more soluble in ether, 100 pts. of 
 boiling ether dissolving 88 pts. of it, the larger 
 portion being deposited again on cooling. (Girar- 
 din & Preissier, C. R., 1842, 14. 619.) 
 
 SPERM OiL(from Physeter macrocephalus}. Tol- 
 (Ol cetacei) erably easily soluble in alcohol of 
 0.82. 
 
 OIL OF TEA(supposed to be expressed from 
 the seeds of plants of the genera Thea and Ca- 
 mdia). Insoluble in alcohol. Very difficultly 
 soluble in ether. (Thomson, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1837, 23. 205.) 
 
 OIL OF ToBACCo[empyreumatic]. Nearly in- 
 soluble in water. Miscible in all proportions with 
 alcohol, and ether. (Zeise.) 
 
 OILS, Volatile. See ESSENCES, or ESSENTIAL 
 OILS. 
 
 OIL OF WALNUTS. See Nut Oil. 
 
 WHALE OIL. 
 
 I.) (from Balcena rostrata). Soluble in 22 pts. 
 (Datgling Oil.) of spirit, and in 2 pts. of boiling 
 absolute- alcohol. (Scharling.) 
 
 OIL OF WINE. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 (Etherol. Light vr sweet oil of wine, soluble in ah'O- 
 Oleum vini. Huile douce du vin. hol ether and a 
 
 CaS'ene) mi * ture f alc - 
 
 C 16 H 16 hol and ether. 
 
 Soluble, without 
 
 decomposition, in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. (Marchand.) 9 
 
 OIL OF WINTERGREEN- See Salicylate of 
 
 (Oil of Checkerberry.) Methyl. 
 
 OLANiN(of Unverdorben). Very slightly solu- 
 (Said to be a mixture of Lutidin If Collidin.) ble in wa- 
 ter. Sol- 
 uble in all proportions in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 OLEENE. Vid. Caproylene. 
 
 OLEFIANT GAS. Vid. Ethylene. 
 
 OLEIC Acio(of the Siccative oils). Vid. Olinic 
 Acid. 
 
 OLEIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 (Elaic Acid.) (Isomeric with, alcohol, ether, oils, and 
 Elaidic Acid.) creosote. (Reichen- 
 
 <^3o " 34 t>4 = C 30 HSS 3 , H bach j go i uble in all 
 
 proportions in alcohol, either hot or cold. (Chev- 
 reul.) Soluble in 29.1 pts. of boiling ether. 
 
 Oleic acid, and other fatty acids, is dissolved in 
 almost any quantity by a mixture of alcohol and 
 oil of turpentine. (Rousseau, J. Ch. Med., 22. 
 310. [Gm.].) Also soluble in cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, in which solution a precipitate is 
 formed on the addition of water. 
 
 The normal alkaline oleates are soluble in wa- 
 ter, but the other metallic oleates, and the acid salts 
 of the alkalies, are insoluble in water. As a gen- 1 
 
 eral rule, the oleates are soluble in cold absolute 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 OLEATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in cold water. 
 
 OLEATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Only slightly 
 C so H 33 Ba0 4 soluble in boiling alcohol. Soluble 
 in oleic acid, with combination, 
 forming a bi-salt soluble'in alcohol. (Cheyreul. 
 [T.].) Ppt., formed in alcohol. Insoluble, or 
 very sparingly soluble in ether. (Heintz, cited by 
 Maskelyne, J. Ch. Soc., 8. 13.) Soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol ; from a litre of the saturated boiling 
 alcoholic solution about 5 grms. of the salt is de- 
 posited as the solution cools. (Berthelot, Ann. 
 Ch. et Pht/s., (3.) 41. 243.) Oleate of baryta 
 may be recrystallized from moderately concen- 
 trated boiling alcohol. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in ether. (Heint/, as 
 above.) 
 
 OLEATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 OLEATE OF COBALT. 
 OLEATE OF COPPER. 
 
 OLEATE OF ETHYL. Readily soluble in alco- 
 C m 1133 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 hol. 
 
 OLEATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Olein. 
 
 OLEATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Slowly soluble in cold, quickly 
 
 Cgg Hgg Pb 4 soluble in boiling ether. Also solu- 
 
 ble in oil of turpentine, and naphtha. 
 
 Its solubility in boiling ether distinguishes it from 
 
 the lead salts of the solid fatty acids. 
 
 II.) [?] "acid." Slowly soluble in ether. 
 (Saint-Evre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 21. pp. 443, 
 444.) 
 
 III.) basic. 
 
 OLEATE OF LIME. Slightly soluble in ether, 
 and benzin. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 41. 245.) 
 
 OLEATE OF METHYL. 
 
 (MethylOleic Ether.) 
 
 OLEATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 OLEATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. It attracts water 
 from the air with so much avidity that 100 pts. of 
 the salt will absorb 162 pts. of water from humid 
 air ; with 2 pts. of water it forms a jelly and dis- 
 solves completely in 4 pts. of water ; but is decom- 
 posed by a larger quantity of water, with separa- 
 tion of a bi-salt. Soluble in alcohol. (Chevreul.) 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of alcohol of 0.821 sp. gr., at 50, 
 this solution becomes muddy at 40.5, and com- 
 pletely solid at 11.6. Two pts. of the same al- 
 cohol dissolve I pt. of the salt and retain it in 
 solution at 11.6. 100 pts. of boiling ether dis- 
 solve 3.43 pts. of the salt and retain it at 1 1 .6. 
 Insoluble in potash-lye, or in a concentrated aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of potassium. (Chevreul. 
 [T-].) 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. Soluble in cold 
 alcohol. 
 
 OLEATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in 10 
 la) 12 pts. of water at 10. (Chevreul.) Soluble 
 in 10 pts. of boiling alcohol of 0.821 sp.gr. Ether 
 has but little action upon it. (Chevreul.) 
 
 OLEATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 OLEATE OF ZINC. 
 
OPIANATES. 
 
 41T 
 
 OLEIN. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzin. 
 (Bibasic- Oleate of Gli/certjl.) 
 C 42 H 40 8 = C 6 H 5 6 3 , 2 H 0, C 36 Hgg 3 
 
 (Monobasic Oleate of Glyceryl.) 
 
 C 78 H 74 12 = C H 3 3 , H O, 2 Csg Hjg 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 TV/OLEIN. Insoluble in water. Very sparingly 
 
 (Normal Oleate of Glyceryl. soluble in or- 
 
 (Probably identical with natural dinar v alcohol 
 
 Olein ' Elain.n.) -r, ' 
 
 r H n r H o <* r TT o very soluble 
 
 VlU H 10i U 12 = 6 H S U 3! U M H 33 U 3 . *, 
 
 in ether. It 
 
 is precipitated from the concentrated ethereal solu- 
 tion on the addition of common alcohol. (Ber- 
 thelot, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 41. 243.) 
 
 Natural olein is insoluble in water, but is easily 
 soluble in absolute alcohol, and in ether. (Chev- 
 reul.) 
 
 100 pts. of Olein. 
 Of man, 
 
 Dissolve in pts. of alcohol, 
 of OJ9 % 2 gp _ gr< 
 
 81.08 at boiling, the solution 
 beginning to 
 become opaque 
 at 77. 
 
 Of the sheep, 81.12 at 75, and the liquid 
 becomes muddy 
 at 63. 
 
 Of the ox, 81. 03 at 75, ditto. 
 
 Of the hog, 81.08 at 75, and the liquid 
 
 becomes muddy 
 at 62. 
 
 Of the jaguar, 80.90 at 75, and the liquid 
 becomes muddy 
 at 60. 
 
 Of the goose, 81.08 at 75, and the liquid 
 becomes muddy 
 at 51. 
 (Chevreul, Ann. Cli. at Phys., 1816, (2.) 2. 367.) 
 
 OLEINAMID. Insoluble in water. Easily solu- 
 
 H 35 N 2 = N 
 
 U 3 
 
 ble in warm alcohol. 
 
 O LEONE. 
 (Elaone.) 
 
 OLEOPHOSPHORIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 Insoluble in cold, soluble in hot alcohol. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether ; less soluble than choles- 
 terin in ether. 
 
 OLEOPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OLEOPHOSPHATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OLEOPHOSPHATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 The other oleophosphates are insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 OLINIC ACID. 
 
 (LeiiicelscKure. Oleie acid of the siccative oils.) 
 C 38 6 - C 46 H 37 6 , H 0(?) 
 
 OLINATE OF LEAD. Soluble in ether. 
 
 OLIVIL. Sparingly soluble in cold water. Sol- 
 
 C 28 HIS Oio> & + 2 Aq uble in 32 pts. of hot water. 
 
 Difficultly soluble in cold, 
 
 but soluble in all proportions in boiling alcohol. 
 Ether only dissolves traces of it. Also soluble in 
 oils, and in concentrated acetic acid. Easily solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, soda, 
 and ammonia. Insoluble in dilute sulphuric acid. 
 Decomposed by strong nitric, sulphuric and chlor- 
 hydric acids. 
 
 OLiviN(of Mulder). Insoluble in water, alco- 
 C u H 4 hoi, ether, boiling potash-lye, or boiling 
 chlorhydric or dilute sulphuric acids. 
 Soluble jn hot concentrated sulphuric acid. Solu- 
 ble in hot nitric acid, with subsequent decompo- 
 sition. (Mulder.) 
 
 53 
 
 OLIVIRUTIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 alcohol, ammonia-water, and . concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. (Sobrero.) 
 
 OLOBIL. Less soluble in alcohol than myristic 
 C 24 H 13 O 5 acid, but more readily soluble than 
 this in ether. (Uricoechea, Am. J. 
 Sci., (2.) 19. 245.) 
 
 OMBELLIC ACID. Vid. Anisic Acid. 
 
 ONOCERIN. Insoluble in water. Abundantly 
 C tJ H 10 soluble in boiling alcohol. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether. Easily soluble 
 in warm oil of turpentine. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 ONONETIN. When crystallized from alcchol it 
 CM II 23 O 13 is almost insoluble in water ; but when 
 precipitated by an acid from an alka- 
 line solution it dissolves in hot water and crystal- 
 lizes out as the solution cools. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. Sparingly soluble in warm ether. Ea- 
 sily soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 ONONIN. Insoluble in cold, very sparingly sol- 
 C 62 H M O M uble in boiling water. Slowly soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. Almost entirely 
 insoluble in ether. -Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Decomposed by boiling concentrated 
 nitric acid, and by warm dilute chlorhydric and 
 sulphuric acids. 
 
 ONOSPIN. Eeadily soluble in boiling water 
 C 80 H 35 O 25 and in alcohol. Almost insoluble in 
 ether. Easily soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of ammonia and of the fixed caustic alkalies. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. Decom- 
 posed by warm dilute chlorhydric and sulphuric 
 acids. 
 
 OPIAMMON. Vid. Opianylamid. 
 
 OPIANIC Adio. Sparingly soluble in cold, but 
 
 (Homeric with (Enolin.) very soluble in boiling 
 
 CM H 10 O, = C 29 H a 9 , H water. Easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in ammonia-water. After having been 
 melted, it is no longer soluble in water, alcohol, 
 or dilute alkaline solutions. The salts of opianic 
 acid are soluble in water. 
 
 OPIANATE OF AMMONIA. Partially soluble in 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 OPIANATE OF BARYTA. Efflorescent. Very 
 C 20 H 9 Ba 10 + 2 Aq readily soluble in water. 
 
 OPIANATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Opianic Ether.) Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 Cjo H S) (C 4 H 5 ) O 10 ether. Decomposed by boil- 
 ing with water, or more quickly 
 with solution of caustic potash. -Insoluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Woehler.) 
 
 OPIANATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 C. n H 9 Pb 10 + 2 Aq water ; more readily soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 OPIANATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 OPIANATE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 C 2P H 9 Ag 10 + * Aq 
 
 OPIANIN. Identical with Narcotin, q. v. 
 
 Oi'iANoSuLPHCROUS ACID. When treated 
 (Sulphite of Opianoyl.) with cold water, a part dis- 
 Cjo H 8 S 2 12 solves undeoomposed while 
 
 another portion undergoes 
 decomposition. Decomposed by hot water. 
 (Wuihler.) 
 
 OPIANOSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Slowly Soluble 
 
 C 20 H 7 BaS 2 13 + 3Aq in water. 
 
418 
 
 OSMIATES. 
 
 OF LEAD. Permanent. 
 
 C 20 H 7 1'b S 2 12 + 6 Aq Somewhat soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 OPIANYL. Vid. Meconin. 
 Dj'Oi'iANYLAMiD. Insoluble in cold water or 
 (Opiammone.) dilute acids, and is 
 
 C 40 H u N 10 = N \ ff U 8) 2 only slightly at- 
 tacked by long-con- 
 tinued boiling with water. Slowly but abundantly 
 soluble in boiling alcohol, with partial decomposi- 
 tion. (Wcehler.) 
 
 IVi'OriANYLAMiD. Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 
 (TerOpiammon. TriOpianylamic Acid.) ingly solu- 
 C co H w N' 26 = N \ w n )3 . 0, II ble in cold , 
 
 s o mewh at 
 
 more readily, soluble in boiling alcohol. Very 
 sparingly soluble in ether. Soluble in cold con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid ; unacted upon by chlor- 
 hvclric acid ; decomposed by nitric acid, and by a 
 boiling solution of caustic potash. Insoluble in 
 ammonia-water. (Anderson.) 
 
 OFININ. Soluble in alcohol, and ether; and in 
 (Porphyroxin.) dilute acids, with combination. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 398.) 
 
 ORCEIN. Sparingly soluble in water ; still less 
 (IScta-Orcein. soluble in saline solutions. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, from which it is 
 precipitated on the addition of wa- 
 Scarcely at all soluble in ether. Easily sol- 
 
 Li,. hen- Red.) 
 C 14 H 7 N 6 
 
 uble in aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia and 
 potash. (Kane.) 
 
 ORCEIN with OXIDE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 C J4 H 7 N O , 2 Cu + 3 Aq 
 
 ORCEIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 2 C 14 H 7 N B , 5 Pb + 4 Aq 
 
 ORCEIN with SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 14 H 5 Ag 2 N 6 
 
 ORCEIN with OXIDE OF ZINC. 
 C 14 H 7 N O B , 2 Zn + 2 Aq 
 
 ORCIN. Hygroscopic. Very readily soluble in 
 (Alpha- Ordn.) " water, alcohol, and ether. 
 C 14 H 8 4 , & + 2 Aq Soluble in nitric acid, with 
 decomposition when the solu- 
 tion is heated. 
 
 ORCIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 C 14 H 6 Pb 2 4 ; 2 Pb Water. 
 
 JBetoORCiN. Vid. BetaOrcin. It is also a syno- 
 nyme of Orcein. 
 
 ORELLIN. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Soluble in the fatty 
 oils, oil of turpentine, and in alkaline solutions. 
 
 OREOSELONE. Insoluble in water, sparingly 
 
 (Oroselone. Isomeric with anhydrous soluble in warm 
 Benzoic andJBeniuylSalicylous Acids.) a l co hol, and in 
 
 C 2S H 10 6 = 14 H* o 3 ether. Soluble 
 
 in alkaline solu- 
 tions. (Schnedcrmann & Winckler.) 
 
 ORLEAN. Vid. Annotto. 
 
 ORSELLIC ACID. Soluble in water, and in 
 (Alpha Orsellenic Acid.) alcohol, especially if this 
 
 C 16 H 8 8 = O 10 H 7 7 , HO he warm. Readily solu- 
 ble in ether. It is much 
 
 more soluble than leconoric acid in water. The 
 orsellates of the alkalies and alkaline earths are 
 soluble in water. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 ORSELLATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in 
 C 10 H 7 Ba0 8 water, and alcohol. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 ORSELLATE OF ETHYL. Very sparingly solu- 
 (PseudErythrin. Erythrin. hie in cold, abun- 
 
 Ltcanoric Ether^ Erythric Ether.) dantly so l u ble in 
 
 hot water. Solu- 
 
 C 16 H 7 (C 4 H 5 )0 8 ' 
 
 ble in 5 pts. of cold alcohol of 60%. Very readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. Insoluble in acetic 
 acid. Soluble, without decomposition, in cold 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic and carbonated 
 alkalies and of caustic baryta, lime, and ammonia. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid; also in 
 fuming nitric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 unchanged on the addition of water. (Marx.) 
 
 ORSELLATE OF ETHYL & OF LEAD. 
 C 16 H 7 (C 4 Hg) 8 ; 8 Pb 
 
 ORSELLATE OF LIME. Very soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 ORSELLATE OF METHYL. Soluble in boiling, 
 
 C 16 H 7 (Cj, H 3 ) 8 less soluble in cold water ; more 
 
 soluble in water than orsellate 
 
 of ethyl. Soluble in wood-spirit, and in alkaline 
 
 solutions. (Schunck.) 
 
 OSMIAMIC ACID. Soluble in water, but the 
 Os 2 N 5 , or Os 2 N 4 solution is very readily de- 
 composed. Dilute solutions 
 keep better than those which are more concen- 
 trated. 
 
 OSMIAMATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Fritzsche & Struve.) 
 
 OSMIAMATE OF BARYTA. Tolerably soluble 
 Ba 0, (Os 2 N 5 ) in water. (Fritzsche & Struve.) 
 
 OSMIAMATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Insolu- 
 ble in water. (F. & S.) 
 
 OSMIAMATE .of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 OSMIAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 OSMIAMATE OF POTASH. Much more soluble 
 K (Os 2 N 5 ) in water than in alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (F. & S.) 
 
 OSMIAMATE OF SILVER. Very slightly soluble 
 Ag (Os 2 N 5 ) in water, and in cold nitric acid ; 
 more soluble in ammonia-water. 
 Decomposed by hot nitric acid. (F. & S.) 
 
 OSMIAMATE OF SODA. More soluble than the 
 potash-salt. 
 
 OSMIAMATE OF ZINC. Easily soluble. (F. & 
 S.) 
 
 OSMIAMID. 
 
 N H 2 Os 2 
 
 OSMIC ACID. Soluble to a considerable ex- 
 Os O. tent, though slowly, in water. It may even 
 ' be melted in water without any acceleration 
 of its rate of solubility. Easily soluble in alcohol 
 and ether ; both of these solutions deposit osmium 
 in the course of a very few hours, unless much 
 water is present. Soluble in ammonia-water, the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when heated ; 
 also slowly on standing. (Berzelius.) The al- 
 kaline osmiates alone are soluble in water. 
 (Fremy. ) 
 
 OSMIATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 OSMIATE OF LEAD. 
 
 OSMIATE OF LIME. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of osmic acid. (Tennant.) 
 
 OSMIATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 OSMIATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when boiled. 
 Decomposed by alcohol. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 44. pp. 391,392.) 
 
 OSMIATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 OSMIDE OF IRIDIUM. Scarcely at all acted 
 upon by aqua-regia. 
 
OXALATES. 
 
 419 
 
 Easily soluble in aqua 
 
 OSMIDE OF COPPER. 
 
 regia. 
 
 OSMIDE OF GOLD. Easily soluble in aqua 
 regia. 
 
 OSMIOUS ACID. Vid. terOxide of Osmium. 
 All the osmites, excepting those of potash anc 
 soda are insoluble in water. 
 
 OSMITE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 
 OSMITE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 OSMITE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 
 OSMITE OF POTASH. Permanent in dry air. 
 K 0, Os 3 , 2 H Sparingly soluble in cold water, 
 the solution slowly decomposing; 
 much more soluble in hot water, by which, how- 
 ever, it is immediately decomposed. Sparingly 
 soluble in water containing nitrite of potash. In- 
 soluble in alcohol, in water containing alcohol, or 
 in ether. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 12. 
 516 ; & (3.) 44. pp. 391, 392.) Only slightly sol- 
 uble in strong saline solutions. (W. Gibbs, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 31. 70.) 
 
 OSMITE OF SODA. Soluble in water. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol, or ether. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 524.) 
 
 OsMioCYANHYDRic ACID. Resembles Ru- 
 Os Cy, 2 H Cy thenioCyanhydric Acid. (Glaus, 
 Beitrage, p. 99.) 
 
 OSMIOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. EfflorCSCCS 
 
 2 K Cy, Os Cy + 3 Aq in dry air. Resembles Ru- 
 thenioCyanide of Potas- 
 sium. (Glaus, Beitrage, pp. 98, 99.) 
 
 OSMIUM. After having been strongly ignited, 
 Os it is insoluble in nitric or other acids or in 
 aqua-regia. When less strongly heated it is 
 slowly soluble in ordinary nitric acid, more readily 
 in aqua-regia, and still more easily in hot concen- 
 trated nitric acid. 
 
 OSSEIN. Insoluble in cold water, in weak 
 acids, alcohol, or ether. Very slowly soluble, 
 with decomposition, in boiling water, the liquid 
 forming a jelly on cooling ; this change, and solu- 
 tion, occurs rapidly when the water is acidulated. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 52.) 
 
 OTHYL. Vid. Acetyl. 
 
 OTHYLUREA. Vid. AcetylUrea. 
 
 OTOBIT. Entirely insoluble in water. Some- 
 
 C 48 Hag 10 what soluble in hot, but very sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold alcohol. Soluble in 
 
 ether. (Uricoechea, Ann. Ch. IL Pharm., 91. 370.) 
 
 OXALAMYLIC ACID. Vid. AmylOxalic Acid. 
 OXALAMYLIC ETHER. Vid. Oxalate of Amyl. 
 OXALAN. Insoluble in cold water. (Rosing & 
 c so HM N u Oao Schischkoff. ) 
 
 OXALIC ACID. Effloresces in warm dry air. 
 
 C 4 H 12 = C 4 , 2 H -f- 4 Aq Soluble in 15.5 pts. 
 
 of water at 10, and 
 
 in 9.5 pts. of water at 13.9; in a very small 
 quantity at 100, and in almost every proportion 
 at higher temperatures, deliquescing in its water 
 of crystallization at 104.5. 
 100 pts. of water 
 
 dissolve 6.9 pts. of the cryst. acid at 10 
 " 10.5 " 12 
 
 " 11.5 " 15, 
 
 .the sp. gr. of this solution being 1.045. Soluble 
 in all proportions in boiling water. (Turner, in 
 Berzclius's f^ehrb., 1. 627.) 
 
 Soluble in 10 pts. of cold water. 
 
 1 " hot " 
 " 4 " cold alcohol, and more 
 
 easily in hot alcohol. (Wittstein's Ilandw.) Sol- 
 uble in 8 pts. of cold water, forming a solution of 
 1.045 sp. gr. (Richter); in 8.7 pts. of water at 
 15 , the solution saturated at this temperature con- 
 taining 10.31 pts. of it. Soluble in 8.71 pts of 
 water at 18.75 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeltschrift fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) More soluble in water acidulated 
 with nitric acid, even dissolving in 2 pts. of such 
 water. (Berzelius.) Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 
 15, and in 1 pt. of boiling water. (Bergman. 
 Essays, 1. 309.) 100 pts. of spirit of wine dis- 
 solve nearly 56 pts. of it at the temperature of 
 boiling, but not more than 40 pts. at a.modenite 
 heat. (Ibid., p. 31 1.) Difficultly soluble in ether. 
 (Ibid., p. 312.) An aqueous solution saturated at 
 8 is of 1.027 sp. gr. (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1837, 24. 211.) The saturated aqueous solution 
 boils at 112, but the temperature continues to 
 rise until the acid sublimes at 121. (T. Griffiths 
 Quar. J. Sci, 1825, 18. 91.) 
 
 Soluble in boiling creosote, the solution solidify- 
 ing on cooling. (Reichenbach.) Soluble in fixed 
 and essential oils, but separates again on proper 
 evaporation ; " in a more violent heat also it sepa- 
 rates by rising above the surface." (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 312.) Readily soluble in chlorhydric, 
 acetic, and dilute sulphuric acids, from which it 
 crystallizes again unchanged on cooling, &c. De- 
 composed by concentrated sulphuric acid, espe- 
 cially on boiling ; also gradually decomposed by 
 nitric acid. (Bergman, Essays, 1. pp. 310, 311.") 
 [nsoluble in caoutchin, but is decomposed when 
 boiled with it. (Himly.) The alkaline oxalates 
 are soluble in water, but the other salts are, for the 
 most part, insoluble, or only very slightly soluble, 
 n water. None of them are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Insoluble oxalates are decomposed when boiled 
 with an aqueous solution of carbonate of soda, 
 oxalate of soda going into solution. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 357.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ACETONIN. Readily soluble in 
 C 4 ( c is H 18 N 2 ) 8 + 4 Aq water. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Staedeler.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ACETOSAMIN. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipitated as a paste on the ad- 
 dition of alcohol. 
 
 OXALATE OF ALLYL. Slowly decomposed by 
 (Acrylic Omlate.) water ; instantly decomposed by 
 C 4 (C 6 H B ) 2 8 an aqueous solution of potash. 
 
 (Cahours & Hofmann.) Solu- 
 ble in ether. 
 
 OXALATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble or insoluble 
 C 12 (A1 2 '"; 2 024 in water. Easily soluble in dilute 
 acids. Slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in spirit. (Bergman, Essays, 
 1.321.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ALUMINA & OF BARYTA. Scarcely 
 3 C 4 Ba 2 8 ; C 12 (A1 2 "') 2 0,4 + 20 Aq at all soluble in 
 
 cold water. 
 Soluble in 30 pts. of boiling water. (Reece.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ALUMINA & OF LIME. Some- 
 what soluble in hot, less soluble in cold water. 
 (Rees-Reece.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ALUMINA & OF POTASH. Per- 
 manent. Easily soluble in water. (Wenzel.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ALUMINA & OF SODA. Solu- 
 
420 
 
 OXALATES. 
 
 C 12 Na 3 A1 2 ' 24 + 6 Aq Me in water. (Bussy.) 
 Less easily soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 OXALATE OF ALUMINA & OF STRONTIA. De- 
 
 3 C 4 Sr 2 8 ; C 12 (A1 2 '") 2 O^ + 36 Aq composed by 
 
 boiling water. 
 (Reece.) 
 
 OXALATE OP &AMIDOBENZOIC ACID. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OP AMMONIA. 
 
 I. ) tiormal. Efflorescent. Soluble in 3 pts. of 
 C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 + 2 Aq cold water (Gerhardt's Tr.) ; 
 in about 20 pts. of cold water 
 (Gmelin's Handbook) ; in about 28 pts. of cold 
 water (Berzelius's Lehrb.) ; in 22.2 pts. of cold 
 water; the saturated solution containing 4.5% of 
 it (M. R. & P.) ; in 25 pts. of cold water, easily 
 soluble in hot water. (Wittstein's Handw.) 100 
 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 4.5 pts. of -it, the 
 sp. gr. of the solution = 1.0186. Soluble in 24 
 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeits- 
 chrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbe- 
 richt,fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of the saturated 
 aqueous solution, at the boiling point (103.3), 
 contain 29 pts. of the dry salt; or, 100 pts. of 
 water at 103.3 dissolve 40.831 pts. of it, or, 1 pt. 
 of the dry salt is soluble in 2.793 pts. of water at 
 103.3. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sd., 1825, 18. 
 90.) When treated with boiling water, a small 
 quantity of ammonia is evolved and the solution 
 obtained exhibits an acid reaction. (Emmet, 
 Am. J. Sci., (1.) 18. pp. 255, 256.) It is liable 
 to form supersaturated solutions. (Ogden.) Read- 
 ily soluble in water, but insoluble in spirit. (Berg- 
 man, Essays', 1. 317.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. More difficultly soluble in water 
 C 4 H (N H 4 ) 8 + 2 Aq than the normal salt. 
 
 III.) hyperacid. Readily soluble in hot water. 
 C 4 H (N H 4 j 8 , C 4 H 2 8 + 4 Aq (Rabourdin.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF ANTIMONY. De- 
 
 C 12 Sb"' (N H 4 ) 3 24 + 4 Aq composed by water. 
 
 Somewhat soluble in 
 
 dilute alcohol, from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of absolute alcohol. (Souchay & Lens- 
 sen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF BISMUTH. 
 
 Cgg Bi'" (N H 4 ) 16 72 + 24 Aq Readily soluble in hot 
 
 water, with subse- 
 
 quent decomposition. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I. ) C 4 Cd 2 Og, 2 N F) 4 O + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) 2 C 4 Cd (N H 4 ) O g , 5 C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 + 18 Aq 
 
 III. ) 2 C 4 Cd (N H 4 ) 8 , 7 C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 O 8 + 22 Aq 
 
 IV.) 2 C 4 Cd cN H 4 )0 8 , All of these are de- 
 
 3 C 4 (N H 4 ) 8 + 14 Aq composed by water ; 
 
 Rammelsberg's salt.) they are easily solu- 
 
 ble in ammonia-wa- 
 
 ter ; and are insoluble in alcohol. (Souchay & 
 
 Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 103. 320.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) red salt. Soluble like the red potash-salt. 
 C 8 ,"' (N H 4 ) O 1(i -f 8 An = (Berlin.) 
 
 " N H 4 0, O 2 3 ; Cr 2 3 , 3 C 2 3 + 8 Aq." 
 
 II.) Hue salt. Soluble in 1.3 pts. of water at 
 Cg Or,"! (N H 4 ) O in , C 4 (N II 4 ) 2 8 + 6 Aq 15 ; and 
 
 * ^ *' 
 
 (Berlin.) 
 
 water. 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OP COBALT. Efflor- 
 
 9 C 4 (K H 4 ) 2 O 8 ; C 4 Co 2 8 + 2 Aq esces superficially. 
 
 Difficultly soluble 
 
 in cold, easily soluble in boiling water. ( Winkel- 
 blech.) 
 
 OXALATE OP AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) C 4 (N H 4 ) Cu0 8 + Aq Permanent. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in wa- 
 ter, with partial decomposition. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (F. C. Vogel.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF GLUCINA. Spar- 
 C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 ; C 4 G1 2 8 ingly soluble in cold, much 
 more soluble in hot water. 
 (Debray, Ann. Ch. et P%.s., (3.) 44. 35.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 IRON. 
 
 I.) C 8 (N H 4 ) Fe 2 '" 16 ; C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 Soluble in 
 
 1.1 [0.9] pt. 
 
 of water at 20, and in 0.79 pt. of boiling water. 
 (Bussy.) 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water. [T.] 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I. ) 2 C 4 Mg (N H 4 ) O 8 ; C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 + 18 Aq Sol- 
 uble 
 in water, with partial decomposition. 
 
 II.) SC^MgCNHJOg-, 2C 4 (NU 4 ) 2 8 + 2Aq Sol- 
 uble 
 in water, with partial decomposition. 
 
 III.) C 4 (N H 4 ) Mg 8 ; 2 C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 + 8 Aq E f - 
 
 flor- 
 
 escent. Tolerably soluble in water, with partial 
 decomposition. Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 ammoniacal salts. (Kayser ; Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 I V. ) C 4 Mg (N H 4 ) 8 ; 3 C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 + 8 Aq Sol- 
 uble 
 
 in water, with partial decomposition. (Souchay 
 & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 41.) 
 
 V.) C 4 (N H 4 , Mg) 8 ; C 4 Mg 2 8 + 2 Aq Very 
 
 difficult- 
 ly soluble in water, 1 grain of it requiring more 
 than 6 ounces of water for its solution. Soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. (Brandes, Schweiggers Journ. 
 fur Ch. u. Phys., 1819, 27. 21.) [Souchay & 
 Lenssen could not obtain this salt ] 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) C 4 Mn (N H 4 ) 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) 2 C 4 Mn (N H 4 ) 8 ; C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 8 + 8 Aq 
 
 III. ) C 4 Mn (N H 4 ) 8 ; 2 C 4 (N IT 4 ) 2 8 + 8 Aq 
 
 IV.) C 4 Mn(NH 4 )0 8 ;3C 4 (NH 4 ) 2 8 + 8Aq These 
 
 com- 
 pounds are all efflorescent ; they are all decom- 
 posed by water. (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 102. 50.) For Winkelblech's " basic 
 salt" see AmmonioOxalate of Manganese. 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & ofdinoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. 
 
 I.) basic (of very variable composition). 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 C 4 Hg(N H 4 ) 8 + 2Aq MERCURY. Decomposed 
 by water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol or ether. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF NICKEL. Solu- 
 ble in water. (Tupputi.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OP PALLADIUM. 
 C 4 Pd(NH 4 )O 8 +2Aq& 8 Aq (Kane, Phil. 
 Trans., 1842, p. 
 297.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. Per- 
 manent. The oxalates of ammonia and of pot- 
 ash crystallize together in all proportions, forming 
 
OXALATES. 
 
 421 
 
 double salts, which vary in solubility according to 
 their composition ; being less soluble in proportion 
 as they contain more oxalate of ammonia. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF SILVER. Vid. 
 AmmonioOxalate of Silver. 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF TIN. Efflores- 
 
 C 4 Sn (N H 4 ) 8 + Aq cent. Very easily soluble in 
 
 water. Insoluble in spirit. 
 
 (Hausmann & Lcewenthal, Ann. L'h. u. Pharm., 
 
 89. 106.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 C 4 Ur (N HJ 8 + Aq URANIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 
 N II 4 0, Ur 2 3 , C 4 6 + 4 Aq URANIUM. Soluble 
 
 in ammonia-water 
 
 [and apparently in pure water]. (Peligot, Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys., (3.) 5. 42.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Efflores- 
 
 C 4 (N H 4 ) Zn 8 + 3 Aq cent. Nearly insoluble in 
 
 cold water. Decomposed 
 
 by hot water, with separation of carbonate of zinc. 
 (Kayser.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIORIIODIUM. (Glaus, 
 Beitriige, p. 90.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIUMCHLORPLATIN(OUS) 
 
 ( Oxalate of Gros's Base. BiChlorhydro- AMMONIUM. 
 Oxalate de diplatinamine(of Gerhardt ).) Insoluble in 
 
 NTT Pt PI r o r i N ?N 2 H lo water. De- 
 4 11,2 * '2 *"I "* W 8 **t I 1N 1 ** 4 I V 8 , 
 
 \ ^Ptci/2 composed 
 by sulphu- 
 ric, nitric, and chlorhydric acids. (Gros, Ann. der 
 Pharm., 1838, 27. 252.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMMONIUMCHLORPLATIN(OUS) 
 
 (Raewsky's Oxalate. Sesquichlorhydro- 
 oxalate de diplatinamine(of Gerhardt ).) 
 
 / 
 C 4 H 13 Cl Pt 2 N 4 9 = C 4 ( N 
 
 \ 
 
 <H 2 \ 
 
 N \ Pt I 8 
 
 <NH 4 / 
 
 Pt Cl 
 
 .N Jti 
 
 H 
 
 AMMONIUM 
 
 M O N I U M- 
 OXYPLAT - 
 
 IN(OMS)AM- 
 
 M ON I TJ M. 
 
 Sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Raewsky.) 
 
 OXALATE OF AMYL. Vid. AmylOxalate of 
 Amyl ; and AmylOxalic Acid. 
 
 OXALATE OF tetrAjCYLAMHOBlOH. Deliques- 
 cent. 
 
 OXALATE OF AMYLANILIN. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF ANILIN. Very soluble in water. 
 
 hoi. Insoluble in 
 
 ether. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 9. 150.) 
 Less easily soluble in water, alcohol, or ether, 
 than the other salts of anilin. (Runge.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. Soluble 
 in alcohol '? (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 
 pp. 346,347.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ANTHRANILIC ACID. 
 (C 14 H 7 N 4 ) 2 , C 4 H 2 8 
 
 OXALATE OF ANTIMONY. Insoluble in cold, 
 C 12 (Sb'") a OK decomposed by boiling water which 
 abstracts the oxalic acid. (Peligot, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 292.) Scarcely at all 
 soluble in water, though slightly soluble in oxalic 
 acid. It is precipitated when free oxalic acid is 
 added to a solution of glass of antimony in acetic 
 acid, but not from terchloride of antimony. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 329.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ANTIMONY & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) C 12 K 3 Sb'" 24 & 12 Aq - Soluble in water, 
 Sb 3 , 3 K 0, 3 C 4 6 + 12 Aq without decompo- 
 sition. Decom- 
 posed by acids. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 II.) 2 (K 0, 2 C 2 3 ); (Sb O 3 , 3 C a 3 ) + 4 Aq Sol- 
 uble 
 in water. 
 
 III. ) 3 C 4 K 2 8 ; C 12 (Sb'") 2 24 + 9 Aq = C O m - 
 3 (K 0, C 2 3 ); (Sb 3 , 3 C 2 3 ) + 9 Aq p ( ete i y 
 
 soluble 
 
 in water ; the solution becoming turbid when 
 boiled. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 IV.) 5C 4 K 2 8 :2C 12 (Sb"') 2 24 +7Aq = p ar . 
 5(KO,C 2 S ); 2(SbO s , 3C 2 3 ) + 7Aq tially 
 
 decom- 
 posed by water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 V.) SbOg, 3KO, 7C 2 3 + 6Aq&8Aq Toler- 
 
 (Same as Bussy's " Sb0 3 ,3KO,6C 2 3 +6 Aq.") a b 1 y 
 
 sol u- 
 
 ble in water. Decomposed by much water. 
 (Peligot, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 20. 293.) 
 
 VI. ) White needles (of Lassaigne). S 1 - 
 
 C 8 Sb' K 16 +* Aq = K 0, O 2 3 ; Sb S) 3 C 2 3 u bl e 
 
 in 9.5 
 
 pts. of water at 9, and in less hot water. (Las- 
 saigne, in Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 Chlorhydric acid precipitates all the above 
 mentioned solutions. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ANTIMONY & OF SODA. 
 
 I. ) i 2 Na 3 Sb'" 24 ; C 4 Na 2 8 + 20 Aq = S O 1 U - 
 Sb0 3 ,3NaO,3C 4 6 ;2NaO,C 4 6 + 20Aq ble in 
 
 wa te r 
 
 without being decomposed either in the cold or 
 when hot. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. Decomposed by acids. (Souchay 
 & Lenssen.) 
 
 II.) 2C ]2 (Sb"') 2 24 ;5C 4 Na 2 8 + 30Aq= ft e . 
 5 (Na 0, C 2 3 ); 2 (Sb O 8 , 3 C 2 3 ) + 15 Aq com- 
 
 posed 
 by water. (Rammelsberg.; 
 
 OXALATE OF ARGENT&J'AMIN. Easily soluble 
 
 (Ammonia Oxalate of Silver.) jn watiT. 
 
 C 4 H 12 Ag 3 N 4 8 = C/N 2 iH 6 .Ag) 2 8 Decom- 
 posed by 
 acids. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ASPARAGIN. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 8 , C 4 H 2 8 (Dessaignes.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ARSENIOUS ACID 1 Readily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 
 327.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ARSENIOUS ACID & OF POTASH. 
 C 12 K 3 As'" 0^ + 6 Aq(?) 
 
 OXALATE OF AZONAPHTHYLAMIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water ; still less soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Zinin.) 
 
 OXALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very difficultly soluble in water. 
 C 4 Ba 2 8 + 2Aq When recently precipitated, 1 pt. 
 of it dissolves in 2590 pts. of cold, 
 and in 2500 pts. of hot water. It is much more 
 readily soluble in water containing chloride of 
 ammonium; still more readily in water acidified 
 with acetic acid, and still more soluble in a solu- 
 tion of oxalic acid, especially if this be hot and 
 concentrated. (Sonchay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 99. 36.) Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 water. ( W. Wicke, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 102.) 
 
 Oxalic acid, on being saturated with baryta, 
 quickly deposits pellucid angular crystals, scarcely 
 soluble in water. When these are boiled in water 
 
422 
 
 OXALATES. 
 
 they split and yield an opaque powder ; but on 
 cooling, the small portion which has been dis- 
 solved again separates out in crystals containing 
 an excess of acid. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 320.) 
 Scarcely at all soluble in spirit. (Ibid.) Partially 
 decomposed by an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. (Ibid.) When recently precipitated it is 
 soluble in a cold aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 41. 316 ; Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 96), 
 and also, though less readily, in a solution of ni- 
 trate of ammonia. (Brett, Ibid.) 
 
 When an equivalent of oxalate of baryta is 
 boiled with one of carbonate of soda -j 8 ^- of it may 
 be decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 51. 347.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) acid. Difficultly soluble in cold water. 
 C 4 H Ba 8 + 2 Aq Soluble in 392 pts. of water at 
 17; gradually decomposed by 
 hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Souchay & 
 Lenssen, loc. cit.) Soluble in 336 pts. of water at 
 15.5. Decomposed by hot water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol or ether. (Clapton, J. Ch. Soc., 5. 223.) 
 Soluble in 200 pts. of cold, and in 1 pt. of hot 
 water. (Bucholz.) Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 readily soluble in warm water. On the addition 
 of spirit it is precipitated from the aqueous solu- 
 tion. (W. Wicke, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 102.) 
 
 OXALATE OF BARYTA & of sesquioxide OF 
 C 8 Ba Cr 2 <" 10 ; C 4 Ba 2 O 8 + 12 Aq &'18 Aq = CilRO- 
 3 (Ba 0, C 2 Oj); (C, 5 3 , 3 C s 3 ) + 12 Aq & 18 Aq MIUM 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble in cold water. Soluble in 
 30 pts. of boiling water. (Rees-Reece.) 
 
 OXALATE OF BARYTA & OF IRON. Scarcely 
 C 8 Ba Fe 2 '" 10 ; C 4 Ba 2 8 + 7 Aq & 21 Aq = at all 
 
 3(BaO, C 2 3 );(Fe 2 3 , 3C 2 3 )-r-7 Aq&21Aq solu- 
 ble in 
 
 cold water. Soluble in 30 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Rees-Reece.) 
 
 OXALATE OF BENZIDIN. Tolerably sparingly 
 C 24 H ia N S , C 4 , 2 H soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. 
 
 OXALATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Decomposed 
 C a2 (Bi'") 2 Oja + 15 Aq = 2 Bi 3 , 3 C 4 6 + 15 Aq by 
 
 pro- 
 longed contact with water. Soluble in .acids. 
 (Souchay & Lenssen.) Readily soluble in a 
 warm aqueous solution of oxalic acid. (Pearson, 
 Phil. Mag., (4.) 11. 207.) 
 
 II.) basic. Decomposed by boiling with water. 
 
 2 (Bi 3 , C 4 8 ) + 3 Aq Tolerably soluble in chlorhy- 
 
 dric acid. Slightly soluble in 
 
 strong nitric acid. Insoluble in cold dilute nitric 
 
 acid. (Heintz.) 
 
 OXALATE OF BISMUTH & OF POTASH. De- 
 
 com- 
 p os- 
 ed by 
 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. (Souchay 
 & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF BROMANILIN. Sparingly solu- 
 n /XT fC,, H 4 Br\ ble in water, and alcohol. 
 H N i H 2 . H /, u " Insoluble in ether. 
 
 OXALATE OF BRUCIN. Very sparingly soluble 
 in absolute alcohol. 
 
 OXALATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 13000 pts. of cold, and 
 
 C 4 Cd 2 8 -f- 4 Aq in 11000 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. CIi. 
 
 u. Pharm., 103. 315.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 e. 2 K 3 Bi'" 24 ; 2 C 4 K 2 8 + 24 Aq = 
 
 Bi 3 , 3 K 0, 3 C 4 ; 2 (2 K 0, C 4 6 ) + 24 Aq 
 
 (Stromeyer.) Absolutely insoluble in ordinary 
 alcohol, or in ether. A trifle more soluble in 
 oxalic, and acetic acids than in water. Consid- 
 erably more soluble in ammonia-water and in 
 solutions of ammoniacal salts than in water. 
 Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of oxalate 
 of ammonia. Easily soluble in nitric, chlorhydric, 
 and sulphuric acids, especially when these are 
 warm. (Souchay & Lenssen, loc. cit.) Insoluble 
 in an aqueous solution of oxalic acid. (Children.) 
 Soluble in a cold aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium ; less completely soluble in a solution 
 of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, 
 (3.) 10. pp. 99, 334.) Also soluble in ammonia- 
 water, and in aqueous solutions of the sulphate, 
 nitrate, and succinate of ammonia. (Wittstein.) 
 Easily soluble in ammonia-water. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 Insoluble in solutions of the alkaline oxalates. 
 
 OXALATE OF CADMIUM & OF POTASH. De- 
 C 4 Cd K 8 + 2 Aq composed by water. 
 
 OXALATE OF CADMIUM & OF SODA. A-diffi- 
 C 4 Cd Na 8 + 2 Aq cultly soluble precipitate. 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Insoluble 
 C 4 Ce 2 8 + 6 Aq in water or in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of oxalic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 Soluble in a large excess of chlorhydric acid, but 
 is completely precipitated from solutions which 
 are somewhat, but not very acid. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in hot nitric acid. 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF CERIUM. Insolu- 
 C 12 (Ce 2 '") 2 24 ble in water. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium and in ammonia-water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CERIUM & OF POTASH. Insolu- 
 C 4 Ce K 8 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CETYLANILIN. 
 
 OXALATE OF CHLORANILIN. 
 
 I.) acid. Only sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 C/N \ H| C1 ) H 8 + 2 Aq m re S luble in ] >oi l- 
 \ ( H 2 H / l ing water, and al- 
 
 cohol. 
 
 OXALATE OF CHINOLIN. Vid. Oxalate of Qui- 
 nolein. 
 
 OXALATE OF 
 
 (Chloroxalic Ether. Perc/itorovinic 
 Oxalate. Per Ckloroxalic Ether. 
 Oxalate d'Ethyle perchlore.) 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent in moist air. Insol- 
 
 C 12 C1 10 8 = C 4 (C 4 C1 5 ) 2 O 8 uble in water. Imme- 
 
 diately decomposed by 
 
 alcohol, wood-spirit, amylalcohol, oil of turpen- 
 tine, and acetone. Less rapidly decomposed by 
 common ether, acetic ether, .and the compound 
 ethers in general. Acetate of methyl decom- 
 poses it the most slowly of any of its solvents. 
 (Malaguti.) 
 
 II.) acid. Vid. oerChlorEthylOxalic Acid. 
 C 4 (C 4 C1 5 ) H 8 
 
 OXALATE OF ^CHLORMETHYL. 
 
 ( C/iloromethylic Oxalate. Oxalate de Methylbichlori. ) 
 I.) normal. Decomposed at once by water. 
 
 C 8 H 2 C1 4 8 =C 4 (C 2 H C1 2 ) 2 O 8 (Malaguti.) 
 
 OXALATE OF J-CHLORMETHYL. Decomposed 
 
 (Perchlnromethylic Oxalate. by most liquids ; for CX- 
 Oxalatede MethylperMor^ , by alcohol, wood- 
 
 c 8 u. 8 = c 4 ( c 2 oi,), o 8 gp . ti ' fu ' el . oiu and , ace . 
 tone. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 344.) 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = violet modif. Very easily soluble in water. 
 
 C 12 <Cr,'") s 24 (Berlin; Brandenburg.) When 
 
 the aqueous solution is heated to 
 
OXALATES. 
 
 423 
 
 C 12 Ca 3 Cr 2 '" 24 + 18 Aq & 36 Aq = 
 
 3 (Ca 0, C 2 3 ) ; Cr 2 O s , 3 C 2 O s 4- 18 Aq & 36 Aq 
 
 boiling the green modification is produced, hut on 
 cooling this is reconverted to the violet modif. 
 
 I == green modif. Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water, and in an aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia. (T. Thompson, Phil. Trans., 1827, 
 Tart I. pp. 214, 203.) 
 
 II.)? Insoluble in water. (Hayes.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CHROMIUM & OF LEAD. While 
 
 C 12 Pb 3 Cr 2 ' O 24 + 15 Aq = yet moist it 
 
 3 (Pb O, C 2 3 ) ; Cr 2 3 , 3 C 2 8 + 15 Aq is soluble 
 
 in a boiling 
 
 aqueous solution of normal oxalate of chromium, 
 from which it separates out again on cooling. 
 (Berlin.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CHROMIUM & or LIME. Solu- 
 
 blein 
 more 
 than 
 
 200 pts. of cold water ; and in a much smaller 
 quantity of boiling water ; but the hot solution de- 
 posits nothing on cooling, or until it has been 
 evaporated to a syrup, when red scales separate 
 out. If the solution be evaporated to dryness on 
 the water-bath the salt is converted into the green 
 modification, and is obtained as an amorphous 
 mass which is very easily and abundantly soluble 
 in water ; in solution it soon changes back to the 
 violet modification however. It is decomposed 
 when boiled with much water, with separation 
 of oxalate of lime. 
 
 Somewhat soluble in cold, decomposed by boil- 
 ing water. (Reece.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CHROMIUM & OF MAGNESIA. 
 C 8 Cr 2 '" Mg 16 + x Aq = Soluble in wa- 
 
 Cr 2 3 ,3C 2 3 ;MgO,C 2 3 + zAq ter . (Berlin.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) red salt. Soluble in somewhat more than 
 C 8 KCr '"0 6 +8 Aq12Aq = 10 pts. 
 
 K 0, C 2 O s ; Cr 2 3 , 3 C 2 3 + 8 Aq & 12 Aq of cold 
 
 water, 
 
 and in all proportions in hot water. Alcohol pre- 
 cipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Berlin.) 
 
 II.) blue salt. Soluble in 5 pts. of water at 15, 
 C 8 K Cr.' 16 ; C 4 K 2 0. + 6 Aq = Insoluble in 
 
 3 (K 0, C 2 3 ); Cr 2 8 , 3 C 2 3 + 6 Aq alcohol. 
 
 (Berlin.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CHROMIUM & OF SILVER. Sol- 
 C 12 Ag 3 Cr 2 '" O^ + 9 Aq = uble in more 
 
 3 (Ag 0, C 2 8 ); Cr 2 8> 3 C 2 3 -f. 9 Aq than 65 pts. 
 
 of water at 
 
 15, and in more than 9 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Berlin.) Soluble in a warm aqueous solution of 
 oxalate of chromium, separating out again un- 
 changed on cooling. 
 
 OXALATE OF CHROMIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) red salt. Less soluble in cold water than the 
 C, 2 Na, Cr a '" 24 + 9 Aq = b 1 U e S a 1 1. 
 
 3 (Na 0, C 2 O s )i Cr 2 O 3 , 3 C 2 3 +9 Aq (Rammels- 
 
 berg.) 
 
 II.) blue salt. Slightly efflorescent. Easily 
 
 a = C 12 Na 3 Or 2 ' M + 9 Aq = soluble in wa- 
 3 (Na 0, C 2 3 ) ; Cr 2 O 8 , 3 C 2 O 3 ter. Alcohol 
 
 precipitates it 
 
 from the aqueous solution. (Berlin.) More sol- 
 uble in cold water than the red salt. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 b = C 12 H Naj Cr ,"' 0,, + x Aq(?) Efflorescent. 
 = 2 (Na O, C 2 3 ); Cr 2 O s , 3 O 2 8 (Berlin, Ber- 
 
 zelius's Lehrb., 
 3. 1089.) 
 
 I OXALATE OF CHROMIUM & OF STRONTIA. 
 
 ' C 12 Sr 3 Cr 2 '" 24 + 18 Aq = 
 3 (Sr 0, C 2 3 ); Cr 2 3 , 3 C 2 3 + 18 Aq 
 
 OXALATE OF CiNCHONioiN(of Pasteur). 
 
 I.) Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) Somewhat more soluble in water than 
 No. I. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 82. 160.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CINCHONIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in cold, sparingly solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 especially if it be warm. Readily soluble in 
 oxalic acid. 
 
 II.) acid. Much more soluble than the normal 
 salt in water. 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) normal. Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 C 4 Co 2 O g + 4Aq (Bergman, Essays, 1. 328.) 
 Nearly insoluble in water or in 
 an aqueous solution of oxalic acid. Soluble in 
 40000 pts. of a boiling aqueous solution of oxalic 
 acid. (Winckelblech.) It is precipitated when 
 free oxalic acid is added to the solution of cobalt 
 in any acid. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 328.) Toler- 
 ably soluble in ammonia-water and still more 
 easily soluble in a solution of carbonate of ammo- 
 nia. [Gm.] Soluble in ammonia-water; also 
 soluble, though less easily and quickly, in a solu- 
 tion of carbonate of ammonia. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 Slowly soluble in cold, but quickly soluble in a 
 hot solution of normal oxalate of ammonia. 
 (Winckelblech.) Sparingly soluble in hot aque- 
 ous solutions of sulphate, nitrate, and succinate of 
 ammonia, and of chloride of ammonium. (Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble 
 C 4 Co 2 8 ; 4 Co in water. Decomposed by 
 warm potash-lye, which ab- 
 stracts the acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide & of sesquioxide OF Co- 
 
 C 4 Co 2 8 ; C 12 (Co 2 '") 2 OM BALT. Deliquescent. 
 
 Very easily soluble in 
 
 water. (Winckelblech.) Easily soluble in water. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 328.) 
 
 OXALATE OF COBALT & OF COBALTAMMO- 
 
 n r> /XT f H <sV> _LC NIUM. Insoluble in wu- 
 C 4 Co ^N f Co J0 8 -t- i Aq ter p n]y partially gol . 
 
 uble in oxalic acid, or 
 ammonia-water. 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF COBALT & OF POT- 
 ASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 C 4 CoK0 8 + 6 Aq 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 .OXALATE OF COBALTOSOCOBALTIC OXIDE & 
 OF POTASH. Very soluble in water. (Winckel- 
 blech.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CODEIN. Soluble in 30 pts. of 
 C (Cjo H 21 N 6 ) 2 H 2 8 -f 6 Aq water at 1 5.5, and 
 in about 0.5 pt. of 
 boiling water. 
 
 OXALATE of dinoxide OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 ammonia-water, and in an aqueous solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. Incompletely soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of sulphate, nitrate, and suc- 
 cinate of ammonia, and of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Witts tein.) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Perma- 
 C 4 Cu 2 O 8 + 2Aq nent. Insoluble in water. 
 Nearly insoluble in a boiling 
 aqueous solution of oxalic acid. Soluble in 
 warm concentrated chlorhydric acid. (A. Vogel.) 
 Scarcely at all soluble in water, unless the acid 
 
424 
 
 OXALATES. 
 
 predominates. It is precipitated when free oxalic 
 acid is added to solutions of copper, in sulphuric, 
 nitric, chlorhydric, or acetic acid ; in the last case 
 so completely that very little copper remains in 
 solution. (Bergman, Estaya, 1. 324.) Unacted 
 upon by warm nitric acid. (Dujardin.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic, and carbonated 
 ammonia, and of succinate of ammonia. Imper- 
 fectly soluble in solutions of nitrate, and sulphate 
 of ammonia, and of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Wittstein.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 nitrate of ammonia or of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the oxalates of ammonia, 
 potash, and soda. (F. C. Vogel.) 
 
 OXALATE OF COPPER & OF ClJPR(ic) AMMO ~ 
 
 OXALATE OF COPPER & OF LITHIA. Soluble 
 C 4 CuLi0 8 + 2Aq in water, with partial decom- 
 position. (Troost.) 
 
 OXALATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. 
 
 a = c , cu K 0. + 2 Aq Permanent. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold water. 
 
 Soluble in about 6 pts. of boiling water, with par- 
 tial decomposition. Both of the hydrates (a & 6 
 give up a portion of their water to alcohol ; but 
 the salt is insoluble in alcohol. Both of the hy- 
 drates are soluble, without decomposition, in 
 water containing in solution normal oxalate of 
 potash. (F. C. Vogel.) 
 
 b = C 4 Cu K 8 + 4 Aq Efflorescent. 
 
 OXALATE OF COPPER & OF SODA. Permanent. 
 
 C 4 Cu Na 8 + 2 Aq Sparingly soluble with sepa- 
 
 ration of oxalate of copper, in 
 
 water ; but soluble, without decomposition, in an 
 
 aqueous solution of oxalate of soda. (F. C. Vogel.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CTJMIDIN. 
 
 I.) mixture of the normal and acid salt. JLB 
 cultly soluble in water ; more soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. (Nicholson, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 8.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CUPR(ZC)AMMONIUM. Permanent. 
 
 2 
 
 OXALATE OF CYANILIN. Extremely soluble 
 in water, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when evaporated. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 166.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CYANETHIN. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Kolbe & Frankland, J. Ch. Soc., 
 1. 72.) 
 
 OXALATE OF CYANOCODEIN. 
 
 OXALATE OF CYMIDIN. Soluble in water. 
 (Barlow, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1856, 98. 251.) 
 
 OXALATE OF DELPHIN. 
 
 OXALATE OFDIDYMIUM. Completely insoluble 
 C Di O + 8 Aq in water. Almost insoluble in 
 a solution of oxalic acid, or in 
 very dilute mineral acids. Soluble in warm 
 chlorhydric, and nitric acid, separating out again 
 as the solution cools. Slightly less soluble than 
 oxalate of lanthanum in warm chlorhydric acid 
 diluted with its own volume of water. (Mangnac 
 Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 27. 226 ; & (3.) 38. 175.) 
 
 OXALATE OF EMETIN. Keadily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYL. 
 (Oxalic Ether. Ethylic Oxalate. Vinic Oxalate.) 
 
 I ) normal. Very slightly soluble in water 
 C 12 H lo 8 - C 4 (C 4 H s ) 2 8 Easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, from which water 
 
 precipitates it, and in ether. Slowly decomposed 
 by cohl, rather quickly decomposed by hot water 
 
 II.) acid. Vid. EthvlOxalic Acid. 
 H (C 4 H,) 8 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYL/jerc/t/ore". Vid. Oxalate 
 of perChlorEthyl. 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYL & OF METHYL. It does 
 
 Vinomethylic oxalate. Oxalvinonutliylide.') dot 018- 
 ig II 8 8 = C 4 (C 2 H 3 ) (C 4 H 5 ) 8 solve in 
 
 water, ex- 
 ept from decomposition. Slowly decomposed 
 3y cold water. Quickly decomposed by boiling 
 water, with complete solution. (Chancel, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 467.) Insoluble in cold 
 water, but is gradually decomposed thereby. Com- 
 pletely soluble with decomposition in boiling wa- 
 ter. Also soluble, with decomposition, in alco- 
 hol, wood-spirit, and oxalic acid. (Kolbe's 
 Lehrb., 1. 258.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Soluble in water. 
 / N C C 4 H 5 \ ft (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 N fH 2 >H 2 8 (3 .) 30.489.) 
 
 OXALATE OF <&ETHYLAMYLAMIN. Deliques- 
 cent. 
 
 OXALATE OF <ETHYLAMYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYLANILIN. 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYLCHLORANILIN. More 
 soluble than the salt of ChlorAnilin. 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYLENE. Soluble in ether. 
 C 4 (C 4 H 4 ") 8 (Wurtz.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYLMETHYLCONIIN. Read- 
 ily soluble in water, (v. Planta & Kekule', Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 139.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 87. 6.) 
 
 OXALATE OF /n'ETHYLPHENYLAMMONiuM. 
 
 OXALATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. 
 
 OXALATE OF FUCUSJN. 
 
 I.) normal. Much more soluble in water than 
 the acid salt. 
 
 II.) acid. Not very soluble in cold water, but 
 readily soluble in hot water, and in alcohol. 
 (Stenhouse.) 
 
 OXALATE OF FCRFURIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. (Fownes.) 
 C 4 (C 30 H 12 N 2 6 ) 2 H 2 8 
 
 II.) acid. Very sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 C 4 (C 30 H 12 N 2 6 "; H 2 8 readily soluble in hot 
 water. (Fownes.) 
 
 OXALATE OF GLUCINA. Easily soluble in 
 C,. (Gl,"') s 0.4 vvater. (Vauquelin.) Soluble in 
 ' 1 pt. of water at 15.6. [Y.] 
 
 OXALATE OF GLUCINA & OF POTASH. Spar- 
 C 4 K 2 8 ; C 4 Gig 8 ingly soluble in cold water. By 
 boiling vvater it is decomposed 
 to a basic uncrystallizable [apparently more solu- 
 ble] salt. (Debray, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 
 33.) 
 
 OXALATE OF GLYCOCOLL. Permanent. Sol- 
 
 C 4 (C 4 H 5 N 4 ) 2 Os uble in water ! less soluble in 
 alcohol. (Horsford, Am. J. 
 
 Sci., (2 ) 4. 62.) 
 
 OXALATE OF GUANIN. 
 3C 10 H 5 N 5 2 , 2C 4 H 2 8 
 
 OXALATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II). acid. 
 
 OXALATE OF HARMIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
OXALATES. 
 
 425 
 
 II.) U. More soluble in water than the normal 
 
 C 4 (C w U w N 2 0,") H 2 8 + 2 Aq salt. 
 
 OXALATB OF HYDRARGETHYL, &C. Vid. 
 
 Oxalate of MercurKthyl, &c. 
 
 OXALATE OF looAtuLiN. Difficultly soluble 
 
 ,^M^ c l2 II 4 I ^ HO in water ' and alcoh l - 
 
 HI"? > H 2a insoluble in ether. 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. The mineral which 
 C Fe 2 8 + 4 Aq occurs in nature is insoluble in 
 water. (Rivero & Vauquelin.) 
 The artificial salt is scarcely at all soluble in cold, 
 and only very sparingly soluble in hot water. 
 (A. Vogel.) Soluble in 4500 pts. of cold, and in 
 3800 pts. of hot water. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 Insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, but solu- 
 ble without decomposition, in warm dilute sul- 
 phuric acid. Soluble in cold concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid. Scarcely soluble in cold, and hut spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling, oxalic acid. (A. Vogei) 
 
 II.) acid? (Perhaps a mixed salt of the protox- 
 ide and sesquioxide ) When iron is 'dissolved in 
 cold oxalic acid, greenish yellow crystals may be 
 obtained, which are easily soluble in water and 
 possess a superabundance of acid. (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 325.) 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Nearly insoluble in water. (Bu- 
 C (Fe") 3 M cholz.) Soluble in oxalic acid 
 (Laugier), and in other acids. 
 
 II.) acid. This acid solution is capable of dis- 
 solving much oxalate of protoxide of iron or of 
 manganese. (Berthier.) 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF LIME. 
 Somewhat soluble in water, hence oxalic acid 
 does not precipitate lime from solutions which 
 contain sesquioxide of iron. (Reece.) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF POTASH. 
 C 4 Fe K 8 + 2 Aq Soluble in water, from which so- 
 lution it is precipitated on the 
 addition of alcohol. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF POTASH. 
 C,, K. Fe.'" M + 6 Aq Effloresces in dry air. Sol- 
 uble in 14.3 pts. of cold 
 
 water, and in 4.0[1.0] pts. of boiling water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Bussy.) 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF SODA. 
 
 C 12 Na s Fe 2 '" 0^ + 6 Aq Soluble in 2 pts. of water 
 
 at 20, and in 0.6 pt. of 
 
 boiling water. (Bussy.) There are two other 
 hydrates, one with 9, the other with 10 equiva- 
 lents of Aq. 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF STRON- 
 
 TIA. 
 
 C 1Z Sr s Fe 2 '" 0^ + 18 Aq 
 
 OXALATE OF LANTHANUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Mosander.) Insoluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in dilute acids. Slightly more 
 soluble than oxalate of didymium in warm chlor- 
 hydric acid diluted with its own volume of water. 
 (Marignac, Ann. C/i.et Phys., (3.) 27. 226.) 
 
 OXALATE OF LEAK. 
 
 I.) normal. Very slightly soluble in water. 
 C 4 Pb 2 8 Its solubility is slightly greater, thoifgh 
 it is still very Sparingly soluble in 
 water containing a little acetate and oxalate of 
 ammonia, together with some free ammonia; or 
 in water containing nitrate of ammonia in addi- 
 tion to these. (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1846, 59. 125.) Scarcely at all soluble in water, 
 unless this be acidulated. Insoluble in spirit. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 324.) Completely insoluble 
 54 
 
 in a solution of oxalic acid, even when this is hot. 
 (Pearson, Phil. Mag., (4.) 11. 207.) Insoluble in 
 acetic acid. (Vauquelin.) Soluble in a saturated 
 aqueous solution of chloride of sodium. (Bec- 
 qiK-rel, C. R., 1845, 20. 1523.) When recently 
 precipitated, it is soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of chloride of ammonium, especially when this is 
 warm, but the lead may be precipitated from this 
 iolution by adding an excess of caustic ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96, 99.) 
 Also soluble in boiling solutions of nitrate, and 
 succinate of ammonia : but insoluble in solutions 
 of caustic or carbonated ammonia. (Wittstein.) 
 
 From a solution of acetate of lead mixed with a 
 somewhat considerable quantity of acetate of am- 
 monia, the lead cannot be completely precipitated 
 by means of oxalate of ammonia, not even when 
 the mixture is made alkaline by means of ammo- 
 nia. (Weppen, from Arch. d. Pharm., (2.) 9. 
 236; in .7. pr. Ch., 1837, 11. 182.) Oxalate of 
 lead is not precipitated from solutions containing 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash and in nitric acid. 
 Also soluble in an aqueous solution of oxalate of 
 ammonia. (H. Rose, TV.) Decomposed by au 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of potash, even at 
 the ordinary temperature, but the decomposition 
 is not complete so long as the oxalate of potash 
 which is formed is suffered to remain in contact 
 with the other ingredients. (II. Rose.) 
 
 When an equivalent of oxalate of lead is boiled 
 with an equivalent of carbonate .of potash, in 
 aqueous solution, 9 ^ 2 ff & of it may be decomposed ; 
 when boiled with an equivalent of carbonate of 
 soda ^4. of it may be decomposed ; and with an 
 equivalent of sulphate of potash T |^ of it may be 
 decomposed. While on the other hand, when an 
 equivalent of carbonate of lead is boiled with one 
 of oxalate of potash J^ of it may be decomposed ; 
 and when an equivalent of sulphate of lead 
 is boiled with one of oxalate of potash 
 s_3^2i O f it may be decomposed. (Malaguti, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. pp. 348-353.) When 
 an equivalent of teroxalate of lead is boiled with 
 an equivalent of triphosphate of potash in aque- 
 ous solution T 6 ^ of it may be decomposed. While, 
 on the other hand, when 3 Pb 0, P Os is boiled 
 with K O, 3 Ox it may be decomposed to the 
 extent of f^. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 51. 354.) 
 
 II.) basic. Acetic acid dissolves out the excess 
 C Pb 4 Pb of oxide of lead, as does also a 
 boiling solution of nitrate of 
 lead. (Pelouze.) 
 
 OXALATE OF LEAD & OF POTASH. Permanent. 
 C Pb K 8 
 
 OXALATE OF LIME. Permanent. Almost in- 
 
 C 4 Ca 2 8 + 2Aq&6Aq soluble in water ; the 
 
 presence of free acetic, or 
 
 oxalic acid increases its solubility slightly. It is 
 soluble in strong acids. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 pn 128 772) "The solubility of oxalate ot lime 
 ( water) is ^^o" (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phus (3)51.347.) Insoluble in water, acetic 
 acid ' or a solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Scheele.) Insoluble in water, oxalic acid, or 
 acetic acid. Easily soluble in chlorhydnc and 
 nitric acids. (Wittstein's Ilandw.) Even when 
 recently precipitated, it does not appear to be sol- 
 uble either in hot or cold aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium (Brett, Phil. Mag.,}837, 
 (3 ) 10 96 ; Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 41 316*) or of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Ibid.) 
 
426 
 
 OXALATES. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions, even when these 
 are hot and concentrated, of the chlorides of am- 
 monium, sodium, potassium, barium, strontium, 
 and calcium : on the contrary, it is easily soluble 
 in hot, tolerably concentrated solutions o'f salts of 
 the " magnesia group " (ex. (jr. of manganese, 
 magnesia, &c.), from which solutions it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of an excess of oxalate of 
 magnesia. Insoluble in solutions of the salts of 
 oxalic acid. (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Phann., 100. 323.) Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of magnesium, from which it is 
 precipitated, together with some magnesia, by 
 an excess of oxalate of ammonia. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of normal ci- 
 trate of soda. (Spiller.) In presence of much 
 chloride of calcium, of sodium, or of ammonium, 
 it is completely soluble in protochloride of copper 
 (Cu Cl), but after a while oxalate of copper sepa- 
 rates out. (Reynoso.) Slightly soluble in water 
 containing chloride of manganese. (Turner.) 
 Very sparingly soluble in oxalic acid. (Berard.) 
 Slightly soluble in lactic acid. (Cap & Henry.) 
 Soluble in considerable quantity in strong phos- 
 phoric acid, especially when this is warm. This 
 solution may be largely diluted with water without 
 being precipitated. (Neubauer, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 99. 223.) Insoluble in cold concentrated 
 nitric acid; decomposed when heated therewith. 
 Also decomposed by concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 Tolerably soluble in chlorhydric and in slightly 
 diluted nitric acid. From the saturated chlor- 
 hydric acid solution portions of it are precipitated 
 both on addition of oxalic acid and of chloride of 
 calcium. (Gladstone.) 
 
 Partially decomposed when boiled with an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of potash or of 
 soda. (Dulong, Ann. de Chim., 82. 279.) 
 
 When one equivalent of oxalate of lime is 
 boiled with an equivalent of carbonate of potash, in 
 aqueous solution, ^j 9 ^ 4 of it maybe decomposed, 
 and when boiled with an equivalent of carbonate of 
 soda T 8 ^- of it may be decomposed. While, on the 
 other hand, when an equivalent of carbonate of 
 lime is boiled with one of oxalate of potash fifa 
 of it may be decomposed, and when boiled with an 
 equivalent of oxalate of soda -fa of it may be 
 decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 51. 348.) Also partially decomposed by concen- 
 trated aqueous solutions of caustic potash and 
 soda. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 419.) Decomposed 
 by an aqueous solution of nitrate of silver, into 
 nitrate of lime, which dissolves, and insoluble 
 oxalate of silver. In order to effect this com- 
 pletely, 1 pt. of the 2 Aq salt should be mixed 
 with 2.07 pts. of nitrate of silver and 20 pts. of 
 water. An action of two or three hours at a tem- 
 perature near 100 is sufficient to decompose sev- 
 eral grammes of the oxalate, and if only a few 
 centigrammes are operated upon a few minutes' 
 trituration of the mixture is sufficient to transform 
 all the oxalate of lime into oxalate of silver. 
 (Chevreul, C.R., 1859, 48. pp. 713-715.) 
 
 Oxalate of lime is not precipitated when a neu- 
 tral aqueous solution of oxalate of alumina is 
 mixed with a neutral solution of the hyposulphite 
 or nitrate of lime, or of chloride of calcium. ( Her- 
 sehel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 21.) Lime 
 cannot be entirely precipitated by oxalic acid from 
 solutions which contain sesqnioxide of chromium, 
 of iron, or of alumina, since double oxalates 
 which are somewhat soluble in water, form in the 
 mixtures. (Reece. ) Insoluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of cane sugar. (Bergman, Essays^ 1. 318.) 
 
 OXALATE OF LITIIIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 C 4 Li 2 Og water. (C. Gmelin.) Soluble in 13.1 pts. 
 of water at 19.5. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 
 100. 310.) Soluble in 13 pts. of water at 10. 
 (Rammelsberg.) Soluble in 15 pts. of water at 
 the ordinary temperature. (Troost, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 51. 142.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Somewhat [much 
 C 4 H Id 8 + 2 Aq (Troost)] less soluble than the 
 normal salt in water. (C. 
 Gmelin.) Soluble in 14.8 pts. of cold water. 
 (Rammelsberg.) Soluble in 15 pts. of water. 
 (Troost, loc. cit.) Nearly as soluble as the normal 
 salt, being soluble in 12.8 pts. of water at 17. 
 (Souchay & Lenssen, loc. cit.) 
 
 OXALATE OF LOBELIN. 
 
 )XALATE OF LuTEoCoBALT. Insoluble in hot 
 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 3) 3 C 2 3 + 4 Aq or cold water. Read- 
 
 ily soluble in oxalic 
 
 acid. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 OXALATE OP MAGNESIA. Very sparingly sol- 
 C 4 Mg 2 8 + 4 Aq uble in water. 1 pt. of the re- 
 cently precipitated salt dissolves 
 in 1500 pts. of water at 16, and in 1300 pts. of 
 boiling water. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 chlorhydric acid. Only traces of it are dissolved 
 by an aqueous solution of oxalate of soda, even 
 when this is hot and concentrated. (Souchay & 
 Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 39.) Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water, somewhat more soluble in 
 water containing oxalic acid. (Berard.) Insol- 
 uble in water or spirit, unless an excess of ox- 
 alic acid be present. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 321.) 
 Soluble in dilute nitric acid, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of alcohol. (Ibid., p. 443.) 
 It is not precipitated from solutions containing 
 ammoniacal salts. ( H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 OXALATE OP MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. Ef- 
 
 C 4 K Mg 8 + 6 Aq florescent. Nearly insoluble 
 
 in cold, but soluble in hot 
 
 water, with separation of oxalate of magnesia. 
 
 (Kayser. ) 
 
 OXALATE OF MANGANAMMONIUM & OF MAN- 
 o GANESE. Decomposed 
 q by water. (Souchay & 
 Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. Sol- 
 
 C 4 Mn 2 8 + 4 Aq & 5 Aq uble in 2460 pts. of cold, 
 
 and in 1250 pts. of boil- 
 
 ing water. The presence of a trace of oxalate of 
 potash or of ammonia increases its solubility ex- 
 ceedingly. Insoluble in alcohol, or ether. (Sou- 
 chay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. Pkarm., 102. 47.) 
 Scarcely soluble in water, unless an excess of 
 oxalic acid be present. It is precipitated when 
 free oxalic acid is added to solutions of manganese 
 in sulphuric, nitric, or chlorhydric acid. (Berg- 
 man, Essays, 1. 329.) Oxalic acid produces after 
 some time a precipitate in concentrated neutral 
 solutions of the salts of protoxide of manganese, 
 even m a concentrated solution of the sulphate, 
 and. the precipitate does not dissolve in free oxalic 
 acid, but no precipitate forms in dilute solutions, 
 nor in solutions containing chloride of ammonium. 
 (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble in 900 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Soluble in 900 pts. 
 of cold water, and in less hot water. In a cold 
 aqueous solution of oxalic acid (1 pt. acid to 10 
 pts. of water) it is no more soluble than in water ; 
 but it is much more soluble in this solution of 
 
 r> /'w f H 3 "\ \T n 
 C 4 (N{ M jMn0 8 
 
OXALATES. 
 
 427 
 
 oxalic acid when it is hot than in water. (Winc- 
 kelblech.) Not very soluble in dilute acetic acid. 
 It forms turbid solutions in cold aqueous solutions 
 of sulphate, nitrate, and succinate of ammonia, 
 and of chloride of ammonium ; these become 
 clear when heated. (Wittstein.) Soluble in sul- 
 phuric and chlorhydric acids. (H. Rose, 7V.) 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF MANGANESE. 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE & OF 
 C 4 K Ma 8 + 2 Aq POTASH. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of oxalate of potash. (Winckelblech.) 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide or MANGANESE & OF 
 
 C 12 K Mn 2 "' 24 + 6 Aq = POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 Mn 2 3 , 3KO, 3 C 4 6 + 6 Aq water, from which 
 
 it is precipitated on 
 
 the addition of alcohol. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF MANGANESE & OF SODA. 
 C 4 Mn Na 8 ; C 4 No, 8 + 3 Aq 
 
 OXALATE OF MELAMIN. Less soluble in wa- 
 C 4 (O 6 HU N ) 2 H, O g ter than nitrate of melamin. 
 
 OXALATE OF MELANILIN. Sparingly soluble 
 
 C 4 (C,,.H 13 N 3 .H)H0 8 in cold, readily soluble in 
 
 boiling water, and alcohol. 
 
 Nearly insoluble in ether. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 
 
 1. 292.) 
 
 OXALATE OF MENAPHTHALIN. Difficultly 
 soluble in water. Tolerably soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 OXALATE OF MERCUR(/C)AMMONIUM with 
 
 K < H i n P o 2 IT* o P^OXIDE OF MEK " 
 N^ H |.0, C 2 3 ,2HgO CURy Soluble in 416 
 
 pts. of cold water, and in 
 
 476 pts. of cold alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Readily soluble in strong chlorhydric acid. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, more freely in hot nitric 
 acid. (Harff.) [Burckhardt, N. Br. Arch., 11. 
 256. [ Gm.\ describes another compound which is 
 soluble in water, with partial decomposition.] 
 
 OXALATE OF cfo'MERCUR(/c)AMMONiUM with 
 
 N S If ? o r o 2H*o P'^0 X1DE OF MER - 
 N 1 2 hg ' c * ' 2 Hg CURY. Insoluble in 
 
 water. (Millon, Ann. 
 Cli. et Phys., (3.) 18. 409.) 
 OXALATE OF ?J'MERCUR(OMS)AMMONIUM with 
 (H rfmOxiDE OF MER- 
 
 N 1 2 Hg 2 ' > C * 5 2 H &* CURY. Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, or 
 ether. Partially soluble in nitric acid. (Harff.) 
 
 OXALATE OF MERCURETHYL. 
 ( Oxalate of Hydrarg Ethyl.) 
 
 OXALATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Entirely 
 C 4 (Hg 2 ) 2 8 & + 2 Aq insoluble in water, even 
 boiling, or in alcohol, or 
 ether. When boiled with water for some time 
 it is partially decomposed with formation of some 
 oxalate of protoxide of mercury, which dissolves. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of oxalic acid or 
 of oxalate of potash. Sparingly soluble in solu- 
 tions of ammoniacal salts. Easily soluble in 
 warm solutions of cyanide of potassium and ot 
 sulphocyanide of potassium, with decomposition. 
 Decomposed by solutions of caustic potash, and 
 soda. Almost insoluble in cold, easily soluble in 
 hot nitric acid. (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 103. 310.) Insoluble in water, unless 
 the [oxalic] acid predominates. (Bergman, Es- 
 says, 1. 323.) Insoluble even in boiling water. 
 (Burckhardt.) Scarcely at all soluble in cold 
 water, requiring at least 1000 pts. of water to dis- 
 solve it. But by long washing it is decomposed 
 to a basic and an acid salt. Somewhat more sol 
 
 uble in oxalic acid than in water. (Harff.) In- 
 soluble in alcohol, or ether, in oxalic acid, or in 
 dilute sulphuric, or nitric acids, but is slightly 
 soluble in warm concentrated nitric, and sulphuric 
 acids, from which solutions it separates on cooling, 
 and upon the addition of water. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insolu- 
 C 4 Hg 2 O 8 -|- 2 Aq ble in cold water; very minute 
 traces of it are dissolved by hot 
 water. Absolutely insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 Insoluble in a solution of oxalic acid, even when 
 this is hot and concentrated. Soluble in solutions 
 of the ammoniacal salts, and especially of chloride 
 of ammonium, in which it is extremely soluble. 
 Easily soluble, with decomposition, in chlorhydric 
 acid; less readily soluble in cold nitric acid of 1.2 
 sp. gr. (Souchav & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 
 102. 43.) Insoluble in cold water. (Harff.) 
 [The statement of Harff, that by long-continued 
 boiling with water the salt is decomposed to an 
 insoluble basic, and a soluble acid compound has 
 been shown by Souchay & Lenssen, loc. cit., to 
 have no foundation in fact.] Sparingly soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of oxalic acid. (Harff.) 
 Scarcely at all soluble in alcohol. Soluble in 416 
 pts. of ether. Perfectly insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. [By a misprint these contradictory state- 
 ments are both referred to Burckhardt in Gmelin's 
 Handbook.] Soluble in cold aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium and of nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) Sparingly 
 soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. Tol- 
 erably soluble, without decomposition, in strong 
 nitric acid. Very sparingly soluble in hot dilute 
 nitric or sulphuric acids. 
 
 OXALATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY & OF POT- 
 ASH. A solution of binoxalate of potash dissolves 
 suboxide of mercury, and the solution deposits a 
 double salt in oblique prisms. (Wenzel, [T.].) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF MERCURY & OF 
 C 4 K Hg O g POTASH. De- 
 
 (" This is the same as Harff 's Oxalate composed by 
 of dinoxide of Mercury of Potash." Tnsol- 
 
 (Souchay & Lenssen).) w , a , ter .- , in 
 
 uble in alcohol 
 
 or ether. (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 102. 45.) Readily soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether. Gradually soluble 
 in warm nitric, and sulphuric acids. When chlor- 
 hydric acid is added to the aqueous solution di- 
 chloride of mercury is precipitated. (Harff.) 
 
 OXALATE OF METHYL. 
 (Oxamethol.) 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in cold water, but the 
 C (C. H s ) 2 Og solution soon decomposes, espe- 
 cially if it be heated. Easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and wood-spirit, especially when 
 these are warm. (Dumas & Peligot.) 
 
 II.) acid. Vid. MethylOxalic Acid. 
 C 4 (C 2 H 3 )H0 8 
 
 OXALATE OF MKTHYLCHLORE. Vid. Oxalate 
 of Chloro Methyl. 
 
 OXALATE OF METHYLAMIN. 
 
 I ) normal. Very soluble in water. (Wurtz, 
 C.(j I',.,".), H,0. - .-/'V, CM 30. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. It crys- 
 tallizes more readily than the normal salt. (Wurtz.) 
 
 OXALATE OF METHYLANILIN. 
 
 OXALATE OF METHYLETHYL. 
 C 4 (C 2 H 3 ) (C 4 H 6 ) 8 
 
 OXALATE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
428 
 
 OXALATES. 
 
 OXALATE OF METHYLPlIENID]N(or OF AfTI- 
 81 DIN). 
 
 OXALATE OF METIIYLURAMIN. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 / ( C 2 H s\ i 
 
 ( N 2 Cy \ 2 H 2 8 + 4 Aq 
 
 V \ "4 / 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. In- 
 soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of oxalic acid. (Berzelins, Lehrb.) 
 
 OXALATE ofbinoxide or MOLYBDENUM. Solu- 
 
 C 4 Mo" O 8 ble in water. From the aqueous solu- 
 
 tion ammonia throws down a basic 
 
 salt insoluble in amtnonia-water. (Berzelius, 
 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 OXALATE of the blue oxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 Soluble in water. (Heyer.) 
 
 OXALATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM & OF 
 POTASH. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE of binoxide OF MOLYBDENUM & OF 
 POTASH. Soluble in water. (Berzelius ) 
 
 OXALATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID & OF POTASH. 
 Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF NAPHTYLAMIN. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 C 4 (C 20 H 9 N) 2 H 2 Og 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 C 4 (C 20 H 9 N)HH0 8 (Zinin.) 
 
 OXALATE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 4 Ni 2 Og -f 4 Aq Very sparingly soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of oxalic acid. 
 Also soluble, with combination, in an aqueous so- 
 lution of oxalate of ammonia. Tolerably soluble 
 in the mineral acids. (Tupputi.) It is precipi- 
 tated when free oxalic acid is added to solutions 
 of nickel in sulphuric, nitric, or chlorhydric acids: 
 it is soluble in water [or in the acid liquors result- 
 ing from the reaction just described] to a slight 
 extent. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 327.) Readily 
 soluble in ammonia-water and in a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. Incompletely soluble in 
 solutions of sulphate, nitrate, and succinate of 
 ammonia, and of chloride of ammonium. (Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 OXALATE OF NICKEL & OF NICKELAMMO- 
 
 .. 
 water. Soluble in am- 
 
 monia-water. (Laugier.) 
 
 OXALATE OF NICKEL & OF POTASH. Solu- 
 C 4 NiK0 8 ble in water. (Winckelblech.) 
 
 OXALATE OF NICKEL & OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OXALATE OF NICOTIN. Extremely deliques- 
 cent. Readily soluble in water, and in boiling 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Schlcesing, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 19. 232.) 
 
 OXALATE OF aNiTRANiLiN. 
 
 I.) acid. Somewhat soluble in alcohol. Insol- 
 
 C 4 ( N } H * < N > )H 8 uh . le : , or . ver { sparingly 
 4 V I H 2 . H s soluble in ether. (Mus- 
 
 pratt & Hofmann.) 
 
 OXALATE OF /?NiTnANiLiN. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 
 364.) 
 
 OXALATE OF NITR.AZOPIIENYLAMIN. Spar- ! 
 
 (Oxalate of NitroPIipnoylbiariimoiiium.) ino-ly soluble 
 
 ^JSrS^'U in cold water. 
 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 OXALATE OF NITROCODEIN. Very soluble in 
 water. (Anderson.) 
 
 OXALATE OF 
 
 OXALATE OF NITROHAKMALIN. Soluble in 
 waier, and in oxalic acid. 
 
 OXALATE OF itNiTRoMELANiLiN. Very read- 
 ily soluble in water. (Hofmann, J.Ch. Soc., 1. 308.) 
 
 OXALATE OF PALLADIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 C 4 Pd 2 8 
 
 OXALATE OF PHENYLACETOSAMIN. Soluble 
 (Oxylate of AcetylAm'lin.) in water, and alcohol. 
 (Natanson.) 
 
 OXALATE OF tn'PiiENYLAMiN. Hygroscopic. 
 Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Gcessmann.) 
 
 OXALATE OF PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. 
 
 C 4 (C u H 7 N 4 ) 2 H 2 8 
 
 OXALATE OF PHENYLUREA. Soluble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF PICOLIN. Readily soluble in 
 water, and in alcohol, even in dilute. (Anderson.) 
 
 OXALATE OF PIPERIDIN. Soluble in water. 
 c i ( c io HH N >2 H 2 8 ( Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 38. 86.) 
 
 OXALATE OF PLATIN(;'C)AMMONIUM. Soluble 
 
 (Oxalate of Platinamin. Jlmmonio- in boiling water. 
 Oialate of protoxide of Platinum.) (Gerhardt ) 
 C(N j 1 ^, / ) 2 )0 + 4Aq 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF PLATINUM. Soluble 
 C 4 Pt 2 8 in water. (Doebereiner.) 
 
 OXALATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM. Soluble 
 C 4 Pt" 8 in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF PLATINUM & OF SODA. Decom- 
 C 4 Pt Na O 8 + 4 Aq posed by moist air. Soluble 
 in hot water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol or ether. (Souchay & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 3 pts. of cold water, 
 C 4 K 2 8 + 2 Aq the saturated solution containing 
 25% of it. (Thomson.) Soluble 
 in 2 pts. of cold water ; more easily soluble in 
 hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) 100 pts. of water at 10 dissolve 45 pts. 
 of it. [T.] 100 pts. of the aqueous solution 
 saturated at the boiling point (104.4) contain 40 
 pts. of the dry salt ; or 100 pts. of water at 104.4 
 dissolve 66.666 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of the salt is 
 soluble in 1.5 pts. of water at 104.4. (T. Grif- 
 fiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90) Easily solu- 
 ble in water. Difficultly soluble in spirit. (Berg- 
 man, Essays, 1. 315.) More soluble in water than 
 the acid salt. [There is another hydrate with 6 
 equivalents of water.] 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 (Binoxalate of Potash. Salt of Sorrel.) 
 
 a = c 4 KH0 8 -r-2Aq Efflorescent. More solu- 
 ble in water than 6. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 b = c 4 KH0 8 + 2Aq Permanent Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold water. Solu- 
 ble in 14 pts. of boiling water ( Wenzel) ; in 4 pts. 
 of boiling water (Weltzien's Syst.). Soluble in 
 40 pts. of cold, and in 6 pts. of boiling water ; the 
 saturated cold solution containing 2.5% of it, and 
 the saturated boiling solution 16%. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.} Soluble in 96 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, filr 1854, p. 76.) 100 
 pts. of boiling water dissolve 10 pts. of it. (Ure's 
 Diet.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Gerhardt's Tr. & 
 Wittstein's Ilandw.) Not entirely insoluble in 
 boiling dilute alcohol. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Sol- 
 uble in 34 pts. of boiling alcohol. (Wenzel.) 
 An aqueous solution saturated at 8 is of 1.014 
 sp. gr. (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 211.) 
 
OXALATES. 
 
 429 
 
 C = 2 C 4 H K 8 + Aq 
 
 III.) hyperacid. Less soluble in water than 
 
 (Qxadromlate.) No. II. Soluble in 
 
 '< H0 4 4 C O q + 4 Aa 20 ' J 74 P ts ' of water at 
 CO,3HO,4C 2 3 + :Aq 2Q60) / e 10Q ptg Qf 
 
 water dissolve 4.957 pts. of the salt at 20.6. 
 (Pohl, men. Akad. Bericht, 6. 597.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & OF SlLVER. Per- 
 
 C 4 K Ag O 8 manent. Easily soluble in water. 
 (Wenzel. [T.].) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & OT- SODA. Efflores- 
 C 4 Na K 8 + 2 Aq cent. Easily soluble in water. 
 (Wenzel.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & OF THORIA. Insolu- 
 ble in water, in an aqueous solution of oxalic 
 acid, or in other dilute acids. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & of protoxide OF TIN. 
 C 4 Sn K 8 Readily soluble in hot, less soluble 
 in cold water. Insoluble in spirit. 
 (Hausmann & Lcewenthal, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 89. 105.) Readily soluble in cold water, the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when boiled. 
 (Bouquet.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & of protoxide OF URA- 
 K 0, 5 Ur 0, 6 C 2 3 + 10 Aq NiDM. Insoluble in 
 water. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & of sesquioxide OF URA- 
 
 NIUM. 
 
 I.) K O, Ur 2 3 , C 4 6 + 3 Aq Permanent Solu- 
 uble in water. 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 5. 201.) 
 
 II.) 6KO, 2Ur 2 3 , 4C 4 6 + 20Aq Permanent. 
 
 More solu- 
 
 ble in hot than in cold water. (Ebelmen, Ibid., 
 p. 203.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & of binoxide OF VANA- 
 DIUM. Slowly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & OF YTTRIA. Insolu- 
 C 4 K Y 8 ble, or very difficultly soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Efflores- 
 
 C 4 K Zn 8 -(- 4 Aq cent. Nearly insoluble in cold 
 
 water. Decomposed by boil- 
 
 ing water, with separation of oxalate of zinc. 
 
 (Kayser.) 
 
 OXALATE OF PURPOREOCOBALT. Nearly in- 
 
 5 N H a . Co 2 O s , 2 C 2 O s + 3 Aq soluble in cold, and 
 
 not very soluble in 
 
 hot water, even when this contains free oxalic acid. 
 (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 OXALATE OF PURPUREOCOBALT with SUL- 
 
 PHATE OF PURPUREOCOBALT. 
 
 (O i alo Sulphate of PurpureoCoba.lt.) 
 
 I.) normal. Much less soluble in water than 
 n r, i s 3 -t-7A the acid salt. The 
 
 5 N H 3 . Co 2 3 | ^ ^ + 7 Aq ^^ ; g eas ;, y <j e . 
 
 composed on boil- 
 ing. (Gibbs & Gcnth, loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble, without decomposition, in 
 i o <s o hot water. (G. & 
 
 5 N H. . Co 3 3 j I | 2 5 3 + 3 Aq g _ loCf cH) 
 
 OXALATE OF QUINIDIN. Tolerably soluble in 
 
 soluble in water than the corresponding quinine 
 salt. 
 
 OXALATE OF QUININE. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble m cold 
 
 c \ ( C 4o H 24 N 2 4 ) 2 H 2 Og water. 
 
 Completely insoluble in 
 
 water. . (Bussy & Guibourt, Journ. de Pharm. et 
 Chim., 1852, (3.) 22. 415.) Readily soluble in 
 boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. Soluble in 
 oxalic acid. 
 
 II.) acid. Readily soluble in water. 
 OXALATE OF QUINOLEIN. 
 
 ( Ozalate of Leukol.) 
 
 I.) normal. Exceedingly easily soluble in wa- 
 ter, alcohol, and ether. Much more soluble in 
 water than the oxalate of anilin. (Hofmann, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 171.) [Hofmann says 
 (loc. cit.) that the statement made by Rungc, con- 
 cerning the solubility of this compound, is erro- 
 neous.] 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Gr. 
 (BinOralateof Chinolin.) Williams.) More soluble 
 C 4 (^ts H 7 N ) H 2 8 in alcohol than the oxalate 
 
 of anilin. (Hofmann.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ROSEOCOBALT. Nearly insoluble 
 5 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , 3 C 2 O 3 + 6 Aq in water. Soluble in 
 a m m o n i a-w a t e r . 
 (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 OXALATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Scarcely at all soluble in water, 
 C 4 Ag 2 8 and much less soluble in spirit. (Berg- 
 man, Essays, 1. 323.) Absolutely insol- 
 uble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in cold, somewhat more 
 soluble in hot water. Perfectly insoluble in alco- 
 hol or ether. Readily soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of ammonia, and of carbonate of ammonia. (Sou- 
 chay & Lenssen.) Soluble in nitric acid. (Berg- 
 man, Essays, 1. 323) ; in a large quantity of nitric 
 acid. (H. Rose, Tr.) Sparingly soluble in warm 
 dilute nitric acid ; easily soluble in hot strong 
 nitric acid. (Souchay & Lenssen.) Easily solu- 
 ble, with combination, in aqueous solutions of am- 
 monia, carbonate of ammonia, and hot chloride of 
 ammonium, also of sulphate or nitrate of ammonia 
 forming clear solutions, which become turbid on 
 cooling. (Wittstein.) Soluble in a hot aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium, and also, 
 though very imperfectly, in a solution of nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 pp. 97, 98.) Readily soluble, with decomposition, 
 in aqueous solutions of the soluble hyposulphites. 
 (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819, 1. 397.) In- 
 soluble in solutions of the oxalates of potash, soda, 
 or ammonia. It cannot be precipitated from solu- 
 tions which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 Decomposed by very dilute chlorhydric acid, the 
 oxalic acid being dissolved. (Chevreul, C. R., 
 1859,48. 714.) 
 
 OXALATE OF SINAMIN. 
 
 OXALATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very difficultly solu- 
 C 4 Na, 8 ble in water, though more readily in hot 
 water than in cold. (Bergman, Essays, 
 1. 316.) Only slightly soluble in water, especially 
 when this is very cold. (Boettger.) Next to an- 
 timoniate of soda, the oxalate is the most diffi- 
 cultly soluble soda salt. (Wittstein.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 26.784 
 pts. of water at 21.8; or 100 pts. of water dis- 
 solve 3.741 pts. of the salt at 21.8. At the boil- 
 ing point of the saturated aqueous solution 1 pt. 
 of the salt is soluble in 16.02 pts. of water, or 100 
 pts. of water at this temperature dissolve 6.242 
 pts. of it. (Pohl, Wien. Akad. Bericht, 6. 596.) 
 Soluble in 36.4 pts. of water at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, and in 24.6 pts. of water at 100 (Ram- 
 melsberg) ; in 31.1 pts. of water at 15.6; and in 
 
430 
 
 OXALATES. 
 
 15.8 pts. of boiling water. Insoluble in spirit or 
 ether. (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 99.33.) Insoluble in spirit. ( Bergman, Essays, 
 1. 316.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. 100 pts. of water at 
 (Bm.) 7.7 dissolve 1.88 pts. of it, and 
 
 C 4 HNa0 8 +2Aq at 28.3, 3.49 pts. [T.J Solu- 
 ble in 60.3 pts. of water at 15.5, 
 and in 4.7 pts. of boiling water. Sometimes 
 the hot saturated solution deposits no crystals on 
 cooling, but remains supersaturated until shaken 
 or stirred. Only traces are dissolved by alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Souchay & Lenssen, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 33.) 
 
 OXALATE OF SODA & of protoxide OF TIN. 
 C 4 SnNa0 8 (Bouquet.) 
 
 OXALATE OF SODA & of binoxide OF TIN. 
 Like the potash salt. (Hausmann & Lo3 wen thai.) 
 
 OXALATE OF SOLANIN. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF STANNETHYL. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 OXALATE OF STIBETHTLIUM. Very easily 
 C 4 (C M HJO Sb) 2 8 soluble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF STIBMETHTLETHYLIUM. 
 
 I j normal. Tolerably soluble in water. 
 C 4 ( Sb j^>3) 2 8 
 
 II ) acid. Very soluble in water. (Fried- 
 
 OXALATE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. Slowly de- 
 liquescent. Very soluble in water ; less soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 OXALATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Exceedingly difficult- 
 C 4 Sr 2 8 +2Aq ly soluble in water. 1 pt. of 
 (When precipitated t j, e rece ntly (hot) precipitated 
 from fc0tett galt dissolves i n 12000 pts. of 
 C 4 Sr 2 OB + 6 Aq cold water.and in somewhat less 
 (When precipitated hot water. " The statement of 
 from cold solution*). jj O p e [according to whom 1 pt. 
 of the salt is soluble in 1920 pts. 
 of boiling water] is an error." (Souchay & Lens- 
 sen, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 35.) Soluble in a 
 hot aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 and still more readily in a solution of nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 96 ) Very slightly soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of oxalic acid. (Berard.) Exceedingly 
 sparingly soluble in a concentrated solution of 
 oxalic acid. Moderately soluble in solutions of 
 ammoniacal salts. (Souchay & Lenssen, loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. Gradually decomposed 
 
 C HSrO +2Aq by cold, instantly by hot water. 
 
 " Wicke's statements concern- 
 
 ing oxalate of strontia are erroneous." ( Souchay 
 
 & Lenssen.) 
 
 OXALATE OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. 
 C 4 (C 42 H 22 N 2 4 ) 2 H 2 8 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 4 (C 42 H 22 N 2 4 ) H 2 8 
 
 OXALATE OF TANTALUM. 
 
 OXALATE OF TELLURETHYL. Sparingly sol- 
 C 4 (C 8 H 10 Te 2 ) 2 8 + 2 Aq uble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF TELLURMETHYL. Easily soluble 
 in water. (Wcehler & Dean.) 
 
 OXALATE of binoxide OF TELLURIUM. Readily 
 r g Te" 10 soluble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF TIIORIA. Insoluble in water 
 C 4 Th 2 8 or in oxalic acid; and very sparingly 
 soluble in other dilute acids. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 4 Sn 2 8 ble either in hot or in cold water. Insol- 
 uble in a solution of oxalic acid. Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in cold dilute acids ; readily solu- 
 ble in hot chlorhydric acid, and with decomposi- 
 tion in nitric acid. Before it has been ignited it 
 is tolerably easily soluble in a warm solution of 
 chloride of ammonium, and of the other ammonia- 
 cal salts. (Hausmann & Lcewenthal, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 89. 104.) Insoluble in cold, partially 
 decomposed by boiling water. (Bouquet.) When 
 recently precipitated it is readily soluble in warm 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium and 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. May., 1837, (3.) 
 10. 98.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of caus- 
 tic potash. (H. Rose, TV.) At the temperature, 
 of boiling, chlorhydric acid dissolves an almost 
 unlimited quantity of stannous oxalate, and as the 
 solution cools the whole of the oxalic acid sepa- 
 rates out in crystals, but if a little water be added 
 to the hot solution oxalate of protoxide of tin 
 crystallizes out. (Bcettger.) 
 
 OXALATE of binoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I.) basic. Soluble in water, as well as in chlor- 
 12 Sn O 2 , C 4 O a + 12 Aq hydric, oxalic, and sulphuric 
 acids,and in ammonia-water, 
 from which it eventually separates as a body no 
 longer soluble in ammonia-water, though still sol- 
 uble in water. (Hausmann & Lcewenthal, loc. cit.) 
 
 OXALATE OF TITANIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 12 Ti O 2 , C 4 Ti 8 + 12 Aq Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of oxalic acid, and 
 of bichloride of titanium. 
 
 OXALATE OF TOLUIDIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 4 (C 14 H 9 N) H 2 8 cold, more readily soluble in 
 boiling water, and alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Muspratt & Hofmann.) 
 
 OXALATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very sparingly solu- 
 C 4 Ur 2 8 + 6 Aq ble either in hot or cold water. 
 Less soluble in boiling water 
 than the oxalate of the peroxide (Peligot, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 32.) Difficultly soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 II.) acid(l). Insoluble in water. 
 
 2 C 4 Ur 2 O 8 ; C 4 H 2 8 + 4 Aq 
 
 OXALATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 125 pts. of water at 14, 
 
 2Ur 2 O s , C 4 O a + 6 Aq and in 29.4 pts. of water at 
 
 100; or 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 14 dissolve 0.8 pt. of it, and at 100, 3.4 pts. It 
 is a little more soluble in the strong acids than in 
 water; but a concentrated solution of oxalic acid 
 is nevertheless capable of precipitating it from any 
 of the simple salts of the yellow oxide of uranium, 
 even from the sulphate. Largely soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of the alkaline oxalates with com- 
 bination. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 
 192.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of oxalate 
 of potash, even in the cold. (Trommsdorff.) 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, somewhat more soluble 
 in hot water. Abundantly soluble in ammonia- 
 water, with combination. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 5. pp. 40, 42.) 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 3 Ur 2 O 8 , C 4 O fl + 5 Aq 
 
 OXALATE OF UREA. 
 
OXAMATES. 
 
 431 
 
 I.) normal. Abundantly soluble in boiling 
 C 4 (C 2 H 4 N 2 2 ) 2 H 2 8 water, from which it sepa- 
 rates out in great part as 
 
 the solution cools. The aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at 16 contains 4.\&% of it; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 16 dissolve 4.37 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of 
 the salt is soluble in 22.88 pts. of water at 1 6. If 
 free oxalic acid be added to the saturated cold 
 aqueous solution, a portion of the salt will be pre- 
 cipitated. More difficultly soluble in alcohol than 
 in water; and the difference between the solvent 
 power of hot and cold alcohol is much less than 
 is the case with water. 100 pts. of alcohol, of 
 0.833 sp. gr. dissolve 1.6 pt. of it at 16; or 1 pt. 
 of the salt is soluble in 62.5 pts. of the alcohol. 
 (Berzelius, in his Lehrb., 3. 344.) 
 
 OXALATE of binoxide OF VANADIUM. 
 
 I.) normal(1). Easily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Difficultly soluble in cold, more 
 quickly soluble in hot water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 1055.) 
 
 OXALATE OF VANADIC ACID. Soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF teJraViNYLiuM. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble 
 4 (C 16 H, 2 N) 2 8 in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Very deliquescent. Keadily soluble 
 in alcohol. (Heintz & Wislicenus.) 
 
 OXALATE OF XANTHOCOBALT. Nearly insol- 
 N0 2 .6NH 3 .Co 2 3 ,2C 2 3 + 6Aq uble in cold, 
 
 and only very 
 
 slightly soluble in hot water. The aqueous solu- 
 tion is very readily decomposed by boiling. 
 (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 OXALATE OF XYLIDIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 OXALATE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water, in 
 C 4 Yr 2 8 + 6 Aq oxalic acid, or in dilute chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Soluble in nitric acid 
 and in strong chlorhydric acid. More easily solu- 
 ble in acids than the cerous oxalate. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXALATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I. ) normal. Insoluble in water, excepting when 
 C 4 Zn 2 O g + 4 Aq the acid predominates. (Berg- 
 man, Essays, 1. 328.) Scarcely 
 at all soluble in water. (Favre, Ann. Ch. et 
 Pliys., (3.) 10. 164.) It is precipitated when free 
 oxalic acid is added to a solution of zinc in sul- 
 phuric, nitric, or chlorhydric acid. (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 328.) Soluble in chlorhydric acid, and 
 in ammonia-water. (Thomson.) Soluble in a 
 hot aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 and also, though somewhat less readily, in a solu- 
 tion of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) The presence of chloride of 
 ammonium does not sensibly hinder its precipita- 
 tion. (H. Rose, TV.) Soluble in a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia ; but only imperfectly sol- 
 uble in solutions of sulphate, nitrate, or succinate 
 of ammonia, or of chloride of sfmmonium. ( Witt- 
 stoin.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash, and in the acids generally. 
 
 OXALATE OF ZIRCONIA. Insoluble in water, 
 C 12 (Zr s '") 2 O.J4 or in a boiling aqueous solution of 
 oxalic acid. (Dubois & Silveira; 
 Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 186.) Insoluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Vauque- 
 lin.) Insoluble in oxalic acid, and only dissolves 
 in a large excess of chlorhydric acid. (H. Rose, 
 TV.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of oxalic 
 acid. (Berlin.) 
 
 OxALAzoPnENTLAMic ACID. Vid. Nitr Azo- 
 PhenylOxamic Acid. 
 
 OxALAzoPHENYLAMiD. Vid. NitrAzoPhenyl- 
 Oximid. 
 
 OxALAzoPnENYLiMiD. Vid. NitrAzoPhenyl- 
 Oximid. 
 
 OXALHYDRIC ACID. Vid. Saccharic Aeid. 
 OXALIC ETHER. Vid. Oxalate of Ethyl. 
 OxALoSuLFHATE OF X. Vid. Oxalate of X 
 with Sulphate of X. 
 
 OxALoViNic ACID. Vid EthylOxalic Acid. 
 
 OxALoViNATE OF AMMONIA. Vid. Oxamate 
 of Ethyl. 
 
 OxALoViNoMETHYHD. Vid. Oxalate of 
 Ethyl & of Methyl. 
 
 OXALURANILID. Vid. PhenylOxalUramid. 
 
 OXALURIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 C 6 H 4 N 2 8 cold water. Decomposed by boiling 
 
 with water. The alkaline oxalurates 
 
 are easily soluble in water; those of the alkaline 
 
 earths are difficultly soluble. 
 
 OXALURATE OF AMMONIA. Very sparingly 
 
 C 6 H 3 (N H 4 ) N 2 8 soluble in cold water, though 
 
 more readily soluble therein 
 
 than the free acid. Easily soluble in hot water, 
 
 without decomposition. 
 
 OXALURATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 OXALURATE OF CINCHONIN. Decomposed by 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 OXALURATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Very sparingly soluble in boiling 
 water. Readily soluble in dilute acids, even in 
 acetic acid. 
 
 OXALURATE OF SILVER. Soluble in hot, less 
 CgH 3 AgN 2 Og soluble in cold water. (Liebig & 
 Wcehler.) 
 
 OXALURATE OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 OxALYi/ftNAPHTYL&j'AMiD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Oxanaphtylbiamid.) Difficultly soluble in 
 
 C M H 16 N 2 4 = N 2 \fy |^ alcohol, even when 
 
 I 20 s h t jjj s j g boiling. (Zi- 
 
 nin.) 
 
 OXAMIC ACID. Difficultly soluble in cold 
 C HNO = N J C * *"**" OHO water. Soluble 
 H 2 in boiling water, 
 
 with decomposition. Soluble iu anhydrous al- 
 cohol. 
 
 OXAMATE OF ALLYL. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (AllylOxamethan. AllylOxamic 
 Acid. Acrylic Oxamate.) 
 C 4 H 2 (C 8 H 5 ) N 6 
 
 OXAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water ; 
 
 C,H 2 (NH 4 )N0 6 & + 2Aq&3Aq muc-h more readily 
 
 in hot than in cold. 
 
 OXAMATE oy AMYL. Decomposed by boiling 
 lOxamyleiie.) water, and by al- 
 
 C 14 H 13 N 6 = C 4 H 2 (C 10 U n ) N Og kaline liquors. 
 
 Soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Balard, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 313.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF BARYTA. The anhydrous salt is 
 (LHoBaNOg+SAq soluble in 537 pts. of water 
 at 13, and in 25.6 pts. of 
 water at 100. (Engstrcem.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF perCHLORETHYL. Slightly sol- 
 
 (CldorOxamethan. Chloroxethamid. uble in cold, 
 
 Oxamate of EthylquintiMor6.) verv soluble in 
 
 Co *~n XT A c* tr fC* i 1 ] "N N O j 
 
 B H 2 C1 5 N 6 = C 4 H 2 (U 4 i/i 6 ; JM u 6 jj jji n g wat er. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol and ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
432 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 OXAMATE OP ETHYL. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 (O.riimet/ian. Otalovinate of j u cold, more read 
 Ammonia. Omlnte. of Ethyl :i ; i t water 
 
 $ of Ammonia. EtkerOxaniid.) V? 
 C 8 H, N O fl = C 4 11 2 (0 4 H 6 ) N 6 More readily solu 
 ble in alcohol than 
 
 in water. (Dumas & Boullay.) Soluble in al 
 proportions in water, and alcohol. (Liebig.] 
 When boiled with water it is partially decomposed 
 (Dumas.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF EiHYLcAfor^. Vid. Oxamate 01 
 ChlorEthyl. 
 
 OXAMATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. (Lau- 
 rent, in his Chemical Method, p. 250.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF LIME. The anhydrous salt dis- 
 C 4 H 2 Ca N 6 + 4 Aq solves in 638 pts. of water at 
 13, and in 24.6 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. (Engstrcem.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF LIMB & OF METHYL. Soluble 
 
 C 4 II Ua (C 2 H s ) N 6 in warm, less soluble in cold 
 
 water. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 30. 466.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 54.7 
 
 C 4 H 2 Mg N 8 + 3 Aq pts. of water at 14, and in 
 
 4.98 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 (Engstrcem.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF METHYL. Soluble in hot water. 
 (Oramethylane. Methyl Oxamic AM.) ( Wurtz, Ann. 
 C 6 H 5 N 8 = C 4 H 2 (C 2 H 3 ) N 6 Ch. et P/iys., 
 
 (3.) 30. 466. 
 
 Soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 OXAMATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in water, 
 C 4 H 2 K N 6 + 2 Aq less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 OXAMATE OF SILVER. Soluble in hot water. 
 C 4 H 2 Ag N 8 
 
 OXAMATE OF SODA. Efflorescent. Soluble in 
 C 4 Hg Na N 6 + Aq water. (Engstroem.) 
 
 OXAMELANIL. Only slightly soluble in water. 
 (MelanOximid.) Somewhat diffi- 
 
 {% ^' cultly soluble in 
 
 C S N boiling, and still 
 
 H* less soluble in cold 
 
 alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in dilute acids. Soluble in dilute solutions of 
 caustic ammonia, and potash, with subsequent 
 decomposition. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 308.) 
 
 OXAMETHAN. Vid. Oxamate of Ethyl. 
 OXAMETHOL. Vid. Oxalate of Methyl. 
 OXAMETHYLAN. Vid. Oxamate of Methyl. 
 OXAMID. Insoluble in cold, slightly soluble in 
 
 r H N o N I * *" boilin S water - (Dumas.) 
 
 c*Mff04-i|f Soluble in 10000 pts. of 
 
 cold water. (O. Henry & 
 
 Plisson.) Sparingly soluble in boiling water ; its 
 solubility being increased by the addition of chlo- 
 ride of calcium or of normal oxalate of potash. 
 (Geuther.) Insoluble in alcohol or ether. (Du- 
 mas.) Somewhat more soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, than in boiling water. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 1. 637.) 
 
 OXAMID with proiOxiDE OF MERCURY. In- 
 Hg o, C 4 H 4 N 2 4 soluble in alcohol or ether. 
 (Dumas.) 
 
 OXAMYLAN. Vid. Oxamate of Amy 1. 
 
 OXAMYLIC ACID. Vid. AmylOxalic Acid. 
 
 OXANAPHTALID. Vid. Oxalylcfo'Naphtylfciamid. 
 
 OXANILAMID. Vid. PhenylOxamid. 
 
 OxAniLic ACID. Vid. PhenylOxamic Acid. 
 
 OXANILID. Vid. A'PhenylOxamid. 
 
 OXIDE OF ACEPLATIN. Insoluble in water. 
 (Accplatinoxydul.) Very sparingly soluble in ace- 
 tone. Sparingly soluble in con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid. Not violently acted 
 upon by nitric acid Partially soluble in aqua- 
 regia. (Zeise, Ann. Ch. u. Phurm., 1840,33. 54.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ACETYL. Vid. Acetic Acid (Anhy- 
 C 4 H 3 2 , O drous). 
 
 PerOxiDE OF ACETYL. Insoluble, or very 
 C 4 H 3 2 , 2 sparingly soluble in water. Soluble 
 in ether. (Brodie.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AcETYLAMMONiuM(of Natanson). 
 Vid. Hydrate of Acetosamin. 
 
 OXIDE OF ALLYL. Almost insoluble in water. 
 (Allyl Ether. Oxide of Acryl. (Berthelot & De 
 homenc wnh^OMe of Mtsityl.) j jUC&} Completely 
 C 6 H s 0, or , ujj ^ 2 insoluble iu water. 
 
 ( Hofmann & Ca- 
 hours.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ALLYL & OF AMYL. 
 
 OXIDE OF ALLYL & OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (AllylEthylic Ether. water. 
 
 Isomeric with Propione,) 
 
 OXIDE OF ALLYL & OF GLYCERYL. Vid. tri- 
 Allylin. 
 
 OXIDE OF ALLYL & OF PHENYL. 
 OXIDE OF ALLYL & OF POTASSIUM. 
 C '1}0 2 
 
 OXIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 
 (Alumina.) 
 
 a = A1 2 3 After ignition, it is very difficultly 
 soluble in dilute acids. Slowly, 
 but completely soluble when digested with warm, 
 fuming chlorhydric acid. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 132.) As it occurs in nature (Corundum, sap- 
 phire, &c., &c.) it is unacted upon by acids. In- 
 soluble in water or alcohol. 
 
 b = Al, O s , H Occurs as the mineral Diaspore, 
 which is insoluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid, and not at all acted upon by boiling con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, unless it has been pre- 
 viously ignited. 
 
 c = A1 2 O s , 2 H There are two modifications 
 of this hydrate, a and /?. 
 
 (/9.) Soluble modification. Soluble in water, 
 and still more readily soluble in acetic acid. The 
 aqueous solution is coagulated to a greater or 
 less extent by the mineral acids and by most 
 vegetable acids ; for example, by sulphuric, citric, 
 tartaric, oxalic, chlorhydric, nitric, chromic, mo- 
 "ybdic, racemic, suberic, salicylic, benzoic, callic, 
 actic, cinnamic, butyric, valeric, camphoric, picric, 
 uric, meconic, comenic, and hemipinic acids ; and 
 by many salts ; also by alkalies, and decoctions 
 of dye-woods. On 'the other hand, neither acetic, 
 brmic, boracic, arsenious, pyromeconic nor opianic 
 acids, at least when they are but moderately con- 
 centrated, coagulate the aqueous solution. Nor is 
 t coagulated by the acetates unless these are 
 added in very large quantity, and even in this case 
 he precipitate is redissolved when treated with 
 water. The nitrates and chlorides coagulate it 
 with difficulty ; but the sulphates of soda, mag- 
 nesia, and lime quickly produce coagulation. The 
 >recipitate produced when acids are added to the 
 
 ueous solution is not soluble in an excess of 
 he acid, but by the long-continued action of con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, and especially if this be 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 433 
 
 hot, the precipitate is dissolved, with formation ol 
 ordinary tersulpliate of alumina ; boiling concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid also dissolves it, but les; 
 readily than sulphuric acid. The precipitate is 
 soluble in a boiling solution of caustic potash 
 (W. Cruin, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. pp. 168 
 180.) 
 
 d = A1 2 3 , 3 H Insoluble in pure water. 
 
 (Ordinary precipitated hydrate.) Easily Soluble in 
 . aqueous solutions ol 
 
 potash, soda, or ethylamin (Sonnenschein) ; diffi- 
 cultly soluble in caustic ammonia, insoluble in 
 carbonate of ammonia. Its solubility in caustic 
 ammonia is very much diminished by the pres- 
 ence of ammonia salts, thus, when a neutral solu- 
 tion of alumina is treated with ammonia in excess 
 the precipitate which at first forms is in great 
 measure, but not entirely redissolved. If a few 
 drops of a dilute solution of alum are poured into 
 much ammonia-water, and the mixture shaken, an 
 almost perfectly clear solution will be obtained, 
 but after standing for a long time flocks of alu- 
 mina separate out. If the last-named solution be 
 filtered and boiled, flocks of alumina separate as 
 the ammonia is gradually driven off; or if the 
 cold filtered solution be treated with chloride of 
 ammonium, or with sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 
 a very considerable precipitate of alumina sepa- 
 rates at once, and if sufficient N H 4 Cl be added, the 
 alumina will be completely precipitated. But the 
 chlorides of potassium or sodium occasion no pre- 
 cipitate. (Fresenius, Quant., pp. 131, 758; see 
 also the London Edition, 1846, p. 571.) 
 
 The experiments of Fresenius have been cor- 
 roborated by Malaguti & Durocher. According 
 to the last-named chemists, hydrate of alumina is 
 soluble, to a considerable extent, in solutions of 
 ammonia, free from ammoniacal salts, not only 
 when the alumina is in the nascent state, but even 
 when it has been recently precipitated, being the 
 more readily soluble when the volume of the 
 liquid is large. In water containing carbonate of 
 ammonia it is still somewhat soluble, though less 
 so than in solutions of caustic ammonia. It is 
 also slightly soluble in, or rather difficultly prc- 
 ciprtatcd from, solutions containing chloride of 
 ammonium, unless this salt be in large excess ; as 
 in all these cases, the alumina is more readily dis- 
 solved as the volume of the solution is greater, but 
 it is finally all precipitated if the solutions are al- 
 lowed to stand at rest in close vessels during sev- 
 eral days. Sometimes when the solution of alu- 
 mina in caustic ammonia is left to itself for a long 
 time all the alumina is deposited, at other times 
 only a portion of it separates out, and in other in- 
 stances none at all was deposited at the end of a 
 month. Entirely insoluble in a solution of sul- 
 phide of ammonium. [For numerical statements 
 of the results of Malaguti & Durocher see their 
 memoir, in Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 17. 421.] 
 
 These experiments have also been repeated by 
 J. Fuchs, who has in like manner corroborated 
 them. Fuchs did not find, however, that the asser- 
 tion of M. & D., with regard to the absolute insol- 
 'ubility of alumina in sulphide of ammonium, was 
 correct. According fo his experiments, 50 c. c. of 
 a solution of ammonia-alum, containing 0.3939 
 grm. of anhydrous alumina, being treated with 
 50 c. c. water and 10 c. c. of a solution of sulphide 
 of ammonium, and filtered after standing ten 
 minutes, the precipitate weighed only 0.3825 grm. 
 The same experiment being repeated with 100 c. c. 
 of water, the amount of precipitate obtained = 
 0.3759, and with 200 c. c. water == 0.3642. (Fre- 
 senius, Quant., pp. 131, 759.) When recently pre- l 
 55 
 
 cipitated it is easily soluble in chlorhydric, and 
 nitric acids ; but after it has been collected upon 
 a filter or allowed to stand for a long time beneath 
 the liquid from which it was precipitated, it is 
 much more difficultly soluble in these acids, being 
 dissolved only after a much longer digestion. 
 
 Soluble in baryta water. (H. Rose, Tr.) Sol- 
 uble in boiling aqueous solutions of the nitrates 
 and chlorhyd rates of the sesquioxides of iron, 
 uranium, chromium, and bismuth, the nitrates of 
 the din- and protoxides of mercury, bichloride of 
 tin, and perchloride of antimony ; the oxides in 
 these salts being . meanwhile precipitated. (Per- 
 soz, Chim. Molec., pp. 366, 367.) Insoluble in 
 cyanhydnc acid (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 467), or 
 in a cold aqueous solution of cyanide of potas- 
 sium, though a little dissolves on boilintr. (R 
 Rose, Tr.) 
 
 The hydrate prepared by exposing aluminate of 
 potash to the air is difficultly soluble in a solution 
 of caustic potash, and is scarcely at all soluble in 
 cold sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric acids ; very 
 slowly soluble in hot chlorhydric acid, more readily 
 in hot sulphuric acid. (Bonsdorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 27. 275.) As it occurs in nature (as the mineral 
 Gibbsite = A1 2 3 , 3 HO) it dissolves readily and 
 completely in concentrated sulphuric acid, but is 
 only partially soluble in boiling concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid; it dissolves at once in strong 
 potash or soda lye. (Silliman, Jr., Am. J. Sci.. 
 1849, (2.) 7.412.) 
 
 Almost completely insoluble in a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia, even when no foreign salts 
 are present. (H. Rose, Tr.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in solutions of the alkaline carbonates, though 
 more so in hot than in cold. Somewhat soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic baryta and strontia. 
 
 Insoluble in solutions of the alkaline bicar- 
 bonates. (H. Rose, Tr) Recently precipitated 
 hydrate of alumina does not dissolve at the ordi- 
 nary temperature in an aqueous solution of acetate 
 of potash. (Osann, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1821, 
 69. 295.) 
 
 When precipitated by caustic ammonia, in ex- 
 cess, it is liable to be insoluble in weak acids ; but 
 when precipitated by carbonate of ammonia or 
 sulphide of ammonium, it is readily soluble in 
 warm weak acids, even after it has been dried. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 203.). 
 
 Hydrate of alumina, but only when moist, is 
 soluble in sulphurous acid, from which solution it 
 is completely reprecipitated, as hydrate, on boil- 
 ing. If an excess of ammonia-water is added to 
 the sulphurous-acid solution, a portion of the pre- 
 cipitate at first formed redissolves ; but on boiling 
 this is redeposited. (Bcrthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 7. pp. 76, 83, etseq.) 
 
 When left for a long time in contact with caus- 
 :ic ammonia in a close vessel it is converted into a 
 granular condition, in which state it is difficultly 
 soluble in acids. (Malaguti & Durocher, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 17. pp. 430, 431.) Somewhat solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of acetate of soda. 
 'Mercer.) Not precipitated by ammonia when in 
 Wesence of citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Readily 
 soluble in a solution of ethylamin. (A.Wurtz, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 472 ) Soluble also in amyl- 
 amin. ( Wurtz.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 sinkalin, of hydrated oxide of* ethylpicolin, of 
 lydrated toxide of stibethylium, of hydrated oxide 
 of stibmethylium, and of hydrate of triethyltol- 
 uenylammonium. (Friedlaender.) Somewhat 
 soluble in carbonic-acid water. (Saussure.) Sol- 
 uble to a considerable extent in a warm aqueous 
 solution of normal tartrate of potash. [T.] Very 
 
434 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 ( 
 
 slightly soluble in an aqueous solution of cane- 
 sugar. (Ramsey.) 
 
 When alum is precipitated by a fixed alkaline 
 carbonate, a small portion of alumina remains in 
 solution at first, but this is deposited by degrees 
 after the solution has stood for a few days in the 
 open air, and at a temperature sufficient to expel 
 the carbonic acid. ( Bergman, Essays, 1. 46.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMMONiolRiDiuM(hydrated). Sol- 
 5 N H 3 . Ir 2 3 + x Aq uble in water. (Claus, Bei- 
 'triige, p. 91.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMMONioRiiODiuM(hydrated). 
 5 N II S . Rh 2 8 + a; Aq Soluble in water. (Claus, 
 Beitrage, pp. 85, 86.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMMONIUM. Known only in com- 
 Ammoida.) biuation. Vid. Ammonia. 
 H 4 
 
 OXIDE OF AMMONIUM &OF BUTOYL. Almost 
 C 8 H n N 2 = & H 7 J 02 insoluble in water. Easily 
 **** soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 N H 4 0, P 2 O Insoluble in water. (Berzelius's 
 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF VALEROYL. In- 
 
 (Valerylide of Ammonium.) soluble in water. Sol- 
 
 C 10 H 13 N O 2 = ^ 10 g la 1 2 uble in all proportions 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Parkinson.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMMONIUMCHLORPLATIN(OMS)AM- 
 (Gros's Base ) MONIUM. Not iso- 
 
 TJ TT Prrio- N$p 2 ri o lated - But the hy- 
 
 JN 9 Ha rt ^1 U JW < jr I Ol . (J , f 
 
 ( N H 4 drate appears to be 
 
 soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lelirb., 2. 481.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL. Soluble in water. Soluble 
 (AmylEther.) in concentrated sulphuric 
 
 C 10 H u 0, or p 10 y 11 1 2 acid, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated unchanged on the 
 addition of water. 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL & OF BENZOL. Insoluble in 
 
 (AmylBenzol Ether.) water. (Wicke.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL & OF CAPRYL. Vid. Oxide 
 of Amyl & of Octyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL & OF CETYL. Soluble in al- 
 ^iniiujo cohol, and ether. (Becker.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL & OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or 
 ( Vinamylic Ether.) but sparingly soluble, in 
 
 C 14 H 10 2 = H 4 S 5 ^0 2 water. (Balard.) 
 
 U 10 "11 5 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL & OF METHYL. Not miscible 
 
 (Methamylic Ether. Methylate with water. (Wil- 
 of Amyl. Amylate of Methyl.) li arnson > 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL & OF OCTYL. Insoluble in 
 (Oxide of Amyl Sf of Capryl. water . Soluble in al- 
 AmylCaprylic Ether. Amyl- __u-i ., 
 
 Octylic Ether. Octylate of C 1 O1 ' and ether. 
 Amyl. Amylate of Octyl.) (Wills.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYL & OF POTASH. 
 
 (Amylate of Potash.y 
 
 OXIDE OF AMYLNlTROPHENYLAMIN. 
 
 (JlmylNitroPhenidin. Nitro PhenA my lid in.) 
 
 C 22 H 18 N 2 = N j C^ 2 H* (N 4) . 2 
 ' H 
 
 OXIDE OF ANILIN. Soluble in water, alcohol, 
 ( Oxide of Phenylamin. and ether. (Hofmann. J. 
 AmidoPhenol.) CL JQ 20? _ j 
 
 (S60xiDE OF ANTIMONY. Decomposed by 
 Sb 0(?) strong chlorhydric acid, to sesquichloride 
 of antimony which dissolves, and metallic 
 antimony. 
 
 TerOxiDE OF AN-TIMONY. 
 
 (Jlntimonious Jlcid. Jintimonic Oxide. 
 Protoxide of Jlntimony.) 
 
 a = Sb 3 Sparingly soluble in water, best 
 in boiling. Soluble in cold aqueous 
 solutions of chloride of ammonium and nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) 
 Soluble in tartaric, and acetic acids, and is not 
 reprecipitated from these solutions on the addition 
 of water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Sparingly soluble 
 in acetic acid. (Wenzel.) It does not dissolve in 
 nitric acid, but is nevertheless not so insoluble 
 therein as the b modification of oxide of tin, for 
 the nitric liquor decanted from teroxide of anti- 
 mony retains a trace of the latter. Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid, but the solution thus obtained 
 becomes cloudy on the addition of water. '(H. 
 Rose, 2V.) Readily soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of benzoic acid, forming a compound which 
 is permanent in the air and easily soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. (Trommsdorff.) Insoluble in 
 pyrotartaric acid. (Arppe.) Insoluble in dilute, 
 but soluble in concentrated alkaline solutions. 
 (Fremy; Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 390.) 
 
 b = hydrated. When recently precipitated, the 
 Sb 3 , 2 HO hydrate is soluble even in dilute so- 
 lutions of caustic potash and soda. 
 (Dumas, 7V.) When precipitated by a solution 
 of caustic potash from an acid solution of ter- 
 chloride of antimony, it dissolves completely in a 
 very large excess of the precipitant, and the solu- 
 tion thus obtained is neither troubled in the cold 
 nor on boiling, on being diluted with water. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in ammonia-water, or in 
 solutions of carbonate of ammonia or bicarbonate 
 of potash. Completely soluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of carbonate of potash, especially when this 
 is warm ; but on leaving this solution to itself for 
 a long time, teroxide of antimony gradually crys- 
 tallizes out, and the same remark is true of the 
 solution in caustic potash. A solution of car- 
 bonate of soda behaves like that of carbonate of 
 potash, though it dissolves somewhat less of the 
 oxide, and on standing the latter is even more 
 completely deposited from the solution than is the 
 case with carbonate of potash. (H. Rose, 7V.) 
 Soluble in solutions of the caustic alkalies ; but 
 these solutions are decomposed on the addition of 
 water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 496.) 
 When recently precipitated it is soluble, though 
 but sparingly, in succinic acid. (Wenzel, Doep- 
 ping. ) 
 
 Many of the salts of teroxide of antimony are 
 decomposed by water, with separation of sparingly 
 soluble basic salts. Those which are insoluble in 
 water aYe soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSENAMYL(?) Soluble in water. 
 (W. Gibbs.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSENC&ETHYL. Not isolated. 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSENfrz'ETHYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 As \(C mo ter - Readily soluble in spirit, 
 
 k -f and ether. Water precipitates _it 
 
 from the alcoholic solution. Readily soluble in 
 
 dilute nitric acid. Insoluble in dilute sulphuric 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 435 
 
 or chlorhvdric acid. (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm. ,89. pp. 318, 325.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSENETHYLiCM(hydrated). Hy- 
 (Hydrate of tetraEthylArsenammoiiiuiii.) <> r O S C O pi C. 
 As j (C 4 H 6 ) 4 0, H O Soluble in 
 
 water. ( Lan- 
 dolt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 332.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSENIC. Insoluble in water, or in 
 As cold acids. Decomposed by warm acids. 
 
 OXIDE .OF ARSENMETHYL. Permanent. 
 
 C 2 H s As", 2 Slowly, but abundantly soluble in 
 
 cold water. Very easily soluble in 
 
 hot water, and in alcohol, ether, and bisulphide of 
 
 carbon. (Basyer.) 
 
 OXIDE. OF ARSENJH'METHYL. Very deliques- 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 3 As, 2 cent. 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSENMETHYLAMYLIUM. 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSE*NMETHYLETIIYLIUM(hy- 
 drated). Very deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 (Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ARSENMETHYLiUM(hydrated)'. 
 Very deliquescent. Soluble in water. (Cahours 
 & Riche.) 
 
 ProtOxivE OF BARIUM. 
 
 (Baryta.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in about 50 pts. of wa- 
 BaO ter. (Wittstein's Handw.) ; in 29 pts. of 
 water (Bineau, C. R., 41. 510) ; in 35 pts. 
 of water at 13, in 7.5 pts. at 47, and in 5.6 pts. 
 at 70. (Osann.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dis- 
 solve 5 pts. of it; at 100, 50 pts. (lire's Diet.) 
 Soluble in 20 pts. of water at 10, and in 10 pts. 
 of boiling water; the solution aturated at 10 
 containing 4.76% of it, and the boiling saturated 
 solution 9.09%. (Mohr, Redwood & Procter's 
 Pharmacy. ) When prepared by calcining the car- 
 bonate, it is soluble in 900 pts. of water ; but is 
 more readily soluble when obtained by igniting 
 the nitrate. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 30.) The 
 aqueous solution saturated at 15.56 contains 2.6% 
 of it. (Dalton, in his New System, Pt. 2. p. 524.) 
 
 An aqueous so- 
 lution of sp. gr. 
 1.6 .... 
 
 Contains per 
 cent of Ba 0. 
 . . . 30 
 
 1.3 
 
 19 
 
 1.03 
 
 2.6 
 
 1.02 
 1.01 
 
 1.8 
 . 0.9 
 
 (Dalton, in his New System, Pt. 2. p. 524.) 
 After having been very strongly ignited, baryta 
 does not become heated by contact with water, 
 combining with it very slowly ; but when obtained 
 by calcining nitrate of baryta at a low tempera- 
 ture, it combines with water with evolution of much 
 heat, -forming a powdery hydrate when a small 
 quantity of water is employed ; with more water, 
 the crystalline hydrate may be obtained, and this 
 dissolves completely in hot water. (H. Rose, Jr.) 
 Soluble, with combination, in absolute alcohol, 
 and anhydrous wood-spirit. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 6 = monohydrated. Soluble in 20 pts. of cold, 
 Ba 0,110 and in 2 pts. of boiling water. (H. 
 Davy); in from 150 to 200 pts. of 
 boiling alcohol (Berzelius) ; the aqueous solution 
 is not precipitated by alcohol. (Grnelin.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of cane-sugar (Hunton, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 156); in an aqueous 
 solution of mannite (Favre, Ann. Ch. et Phys. 
 (3.) 11. 76) ; in an aqueous solution of sorbine 
 (Pelouze) ; in a hot aqueous solution of quercite, 
 from which a good deal of hydrate of baryta sepa- 
 rates on cooling, and more on the addition of 
 alcohol. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 c = octohydrated. Soluble in 3 pts. of boiling 
 Ba 0, 8 H (others say 7 H & 9 II 0) water, and in 
 
 20 pts of wa- 
 ter at 15 (Otto Graham) ; in 17.5 pts. of water at 
 15.5, and in all proportions in hot water. (Hope, 
 Edinburgh Trans., 4. 36. [T.J.) Fuses in its own 
 water of crystallization at a temperature below 
 100. Soluble in 19 pts. of water at the ordinary 
 temperature, and in 2 pts. of boiling water. 
 Somewhat soluble in spirit. (Wittstein's Hawlw.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 57 pts. of it, 
 and an unlimited amount of it at 100. (Ure's 
 Diet.) Readily soluble, even in the cold, in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium (H. 
 Rose, Tr.) Slightly soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of waterglass (acid silicate of soda or potash). 
 (Bolley ; compare Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 
 338; 33.33.) 
 
 Most of the salts of baryta are insoluble in 
 water; but all of them, excepting the sulphate, 
 are soluble in dilute chlorhydrie, and nitric acids. 
 (Gmelin's Handbook, 3. 137.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF BARIUM. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Decomposed by warm water. 
 Ba 2 It combines with cold water to form the 
 following hydrate. 
 
 II.) hydrated. Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 Ba0 2) 6HO water, the solution undergoing de- 
 composition when heated to 100. 
 (Thenard.) 
 
 OXIDE OF BARIUM & OF METHYL. Not de- 
 (MethylAlcokolate of Baryta.) composed when boiled 
 c 2*Mo 2 + Aq with water. Soluble 
 
 in wood-spirit. (Gra- 
 ham, et al, J. Ch.Soc., 8. 132.) 
 
 OXIDE OF BENZETHYL. Vid. Oxide of Tol- 
 uenyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF BENZOL & OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (EthyiBenzolEt/ier.) water. Easily soluble in 
 
 C 22 MIO 4 = n\* H \ I 4 alcohol, and ether. ( Wicke, 
 
 (0 4 H 8 ) 2 $ Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 102. 
 
 364.) 
 
 OXIDE OF BENZOL & OF METHYL. Insoluble 
 
 (Metliyllie.nzol Etker.) in water. Easily solu- 
 
 18 H 12 4 = V,'. 4 V/i ! 4 ble in alcohol, wood- 
 
 (<', H,),J sp irit,and ether. (Wicke, 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 363.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF BENZOYL. Soluble in ether. 
 C 14 H 5 O t , 2 
 
 OXIDE OF BENZYL. Vid. Oxide of Toluenyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF BisETHYL. Vid. Oxide of Bismuth- 
 Ethyl. 
 
 SW&OXIDE OF BISMUTH. Decomposed, with 
 Bio partial solution, by the strong acids and by 
 1 dilute nitric acid. Soluble in hot chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (A. Vogel.) 
 
 TerOxiDE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water. 
 tsesguioxide of Bismuth.) Easily soluble in those 
 Bi0 3 , or Bi 2 3 " & + H acids with which it forms 
 soluble salts. 
 
 When recently precipitated it is soluble in a so- 
 lution of chloride of ammonium, but insoluble in 
 a solution of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) Sesquioxide of bismuth 
 cannot decompose a solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium when boiled therewith. (H. Rose, Tr.) It 
 is not precipitated from solutions which contain 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic or carbonated alkalies, of 
 carbonate or nitrate of ammonia; or of amyl- 
 amin. (Wurtz.) 
 
 Most of its salts are decomposed by water, with 
 
436 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 separation of an insoluble basic salt; but this may 
 be redissolved by adding a sufficient quantity of 
 chlorhydric or nitric acid. 
 
 PerOxiDE OF BISMUTH. Vid. Bismuthic Acid. 
 
 OXIDE OP BisMUTiiETHYL. Insoluble in al- 
 C 4 H g Bi, 2 cohol. Easily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash. (Duen- 
 haupt.) 
 
 OXIDE OF BROMETHISE. Vid. Hydride of 
 terBromAcetyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF BROMoCiiLORETiiYL. Insoluble in 
 C 4 C1 3 Br 2 water. 
 
 OXIDE OF BUTYL. 
 
 (OxUte of Tftryl. Buty lie Ether.) 
 
 OXIDE OF BUTYL & OF ETHYL. 
 
 OXIDE OF BUTYL & OF POTASSIUM. Some 
 (liutylate of Potash, ) what soluble in butylic alco- 
 
 %?0| no ' (hydrate of butyl). (A. 
 
 Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 42. 137.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CACODYL. Very sparingly soluble 
 (Alkarsin.) in water. Miscible in all propor- 
 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 Aa tions with alcohol, and ether. 
 Abundantly soluble in phosphoric 
 acid. Soluble, without decomposition; in cold, 
 somewhat dilute, nitric acid. Also soluble in a 
 solution of caustic potash. (Bunscn.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CACODYL with NITRATE OF SIL 
 
 3 C 8 H, 2 As 2 2 ; 2 (Ag 0, N 5 ) VER. Insoluble in 
 
 cold, decomposed 
 
 by boiling nitric acid. 
 
 BmOxiDE OF CACODYL. Vid. Cacodylate ol 
 Cacodyl. 
 
 Su&OxiDE OF CADMIUM. Decomposed, with 
 Cd 2 partial solution, by dilute acids. 
 
 P/-O/OXIDE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 (Cadmic Oxide.) Easily soluble in acids. Soluble 
 Cd & + H in ammonia-water ; but insoluble 
 in solutions of caustic or carbon- 
 ated potash or soda, or in carbonate of ammonia. 
 It is not precipitated from solutions which contain 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Very soluble in am- 
 monia-water, the proportion of ammonia necessary 
 for its solution being incomparably smaller than 
 that required in order to dissolve oxide of zinc. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) Soluble in a cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium ; less completely 
 soluble in a solution of nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 99, 334.) 
 Even after having been calcined, oxide of cad- 
 mium dissolves easily in a warm solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium, ammonia being evolved ; on 
 cooling this solution a sparingly soluble double 
 salt separates out. (H.Rose, TV.) -Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of methylamin or amylamin. 
 (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. pp. 452, 
 492.) Hydrate of cadmium, even when recently 
 precipitated, is by itself very sparingly soluble in 
 cyanhydric acid, but when mixed with recently 
 precipitated carbonate of copper and then treated 
 with cyanhydric acid, both of the precipitates are 
 dissolved, with combination. (Schueler, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 87. 48.) The presence of many non- 
 volatile organic substances prevents its precipita- 
 tion by caustic potash. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 Most of the salts of cadmium are soluble in 
 water. Those insoluble in water are soluble in I 
 
 sulphuric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids, and in cold 
 aqueous solutions of sulphate, nitrate, and ben- 
 zoate of ammonia,' and of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 OXIDE OF CALCIUM. 
 (Lime.) 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Soluble in 778 pts. of water at 
 OaO 15.56, in 972 pts. of water at 54.44, and 
 in 1270 pts. of water at 100; the solu- 
 tion saturated at 15.6 containing 0.128% of it, 
 and the saturated boiling solution 0.079%. (Dalton, 
 in his New System, 2. 510.) Soluble' in 656 pts. 
 of water at 0, in 752 pts. of water at 15.6, and in 
 1280 pts. of water at 100. (Phillips.) Soluble' 
 in 700 pts. of water which has been completely 
 deprived of carbonic acid by violent boiling for half 
 an hour. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 33 ) Soluble in 
 758 pts. of cold water. (T. Thomson, in his 
 System of Chem., London, 1831, 1. 437.) 
 
 Soluble in 729 18) 733 pis. of water at ordinary 
 temperatures, and in 1310 <8> 1350 pts. of boiling 
 water; the experimental results actually obtained 
 m the last case were 1495, 1370, and 1311 pts. of 
 boiling water. (Wittstein.) Soluble in 450 pts. 
 of water at 20 (Davy) ; in 780 pts. of water at 
 18, and in 1500 pts. at 100 (Binean, C. A'., 41. 
 510) ; in 960 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 75.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 0.2 pt. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 Dalton urges the incorrectness of the statements 
 of previous observers, " some of whom say that 
 water takes up -g^-g of its weight of lime, others 
 ^Q. The fact is that few have tried the experi- 
 ment with due ca/e." (Loc. cit.) 
 
 When a solution of lime which has been heated 
 for some time at 100, and has ceased to deposit 
 any precipitate at that temperature, is heated more 
 strongly in a closed tube, a new precipitate is 
 formed, and this may be increased almost ad libi- 
 tum. 4000 grains of lime-water were diluted with 
 2000 grains of water, and set aside for two hours. 
 Upon being then heated to 100 upon a water- 
 bath, a precipitate appeared, which being collected 
 was found to amount to 2 grains of hydrate of 
 lime. 4000 grains of lime-water diluted with an 
 equal quantity of pure water, and occasionally 
 agitated, for three days, in a stoppered phial, be- 
 came slightly turbid when carefully heated in the 
 water-bath, and deposited a small quantity of 
 hydrate of lime, of which 0.15 grain was recovered. 
 (Graham, Phil. Mag., 1827, (2.) 2. pp. 22-24.) 
 
 Alcohol dissolves a trace of it (Bonastre) ; hut 
 precipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Gmelin.) 
 Insoluble in ether. (Gmelin,) 
 
 Very soluble in an aqueous solution of cane- 
 sugar, dissolving therein in much larger quantity 
 than in water (Lowitz), with evolution of heat. 
 (Peligot.) 100 pts. of cane-sugar dissolved in 
 water dissolve 55*6 pts. of lime (Osann); 50 
 (Ure) ; 49.6 (Daniel) ; 29 @ 30.6 (Hunton) ; 23 
 pts. (Soubeiran.) The sugar solution at 100 
 takes up ^ equiv. lime for each equiv. of sugar ; 
 at 0, if it contains no less than 25% of sugar it 
 takes up 2 equivs. lime for 1 equiv. of sugar. 
 (Dubrufcfaut.) 
 
 Far from causing the decomposition of sugar 
 when in contact with it, lime adds to its stability. 
 A solution of sugar boiled during 48 hours with 
 an equivalent of lime did not undergo the slightest 
 alteration, while a similar solution boiled without 
 lime, under conditions otherwise similar, lost all its 
 sugar after 12 hours of ebullition. (Dubrunfaut.) 
 Contrary to the assertion of Soubeiran (1842), 
 the quantity of lime which dissolves in an aqueous 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 437 
 
 solution of sugar is proportional to the density 
 [and temperature (Dubrunfuut)] of the latter. In 
 the table below are given the results of experi- 
 ments in which finely pulverized hydrate of lime 
 was added by small portions to solutions of sugar, 
 of the given densities : a large excess of lime 
 being employed, and the mixtures frequently 
 agitated. 
 
 Composition o * 
 
 of the syrup & k yrap m ptg of ^ 
 
 ven, i. e. op. ac ^^ gat . residue dried at 
 
 '"oTed In" Byru h p e ' - 
 
 10 water. f CaO,HO. Lime. Sugar. 
 
 400 . . 1.122 
 
 37.5 1.116 
 
 35.0 1.110 
 
 32.5 1.103 
 
 30.0 1.096 
 
 27.5 1.089 
 
 25.0 1 .082 
 
 22.5 1.075 
 
 20.0 1.068 
 
 17.5 1.060 
 
 15.0 1.052 
 
 12.5 1.044 
 
 10.0 1.036 
 
 7.5 1.027 
 
 5.0 1.018 
 2.5 . . 1.009 
 
 1.179 
 1.175 
 1.166 
 1.159 
 1.148 
 1.139 
 1.128 
 1.116 
 1.104 
 1.092 
 1.080 
 1.067 
 1.053 
 1.040 
 1.026 
 1.014 
 
 21.0 . 790 
 
 20.8 79.2 
 20.5 79.5 
 20.3 79.7 
 
 20.1 799 
 
 19.9 80.1 
 19.8 80.2 
 19.3 80.7* 
 
 18.8 81.2 
 
 18.7 81.3 
 18.5 81.5 
 18.3 81.7 
 18.1 81.9 
 
 16.9 83.1 
 15.3 84.7 
 
 13.8 . 86.2 
 
 (Peligot, a R,, 1851, 32. 335.) 
 " The statement of Ure (Diet.) to the effect that 
 ' sugar dissolved in water at the temperature of 
 10 is capable of dissolving half its weight of lime,' 
 I believe will be found too large a proportion, for, 
 after repeated trials, I find its composition the 
 same for every temperature between 10 and 54.4 
 at which the solution is made and filtered ; and 
 from which solutions, carefully evaporated under 
 82, (the compound being insoluble at higher tem- 
 peratures,) and then dried at 100, 100 grs. give 
 from 22.5 to 23.5 per cent of lime." (Hunton, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 152.) On heating the 
 solution of lime in sugar-water, a copious precipi- 
 tate is formed, which redissolves on cooling. See 
 Sucrate of Lime, under SUGAK. When one at- 
 tempts to saturate with lime a syrup which con- 
 tains more than about 30% of sugar, the solution 
 becomes at first very viscous, and then after a 
 time solidifies. (Pe'ligot, loc. cit., p. 336.J 
 
 Berthelot has studied the solubility of lime in 
 more dilute solutions of sugar, thus, 
 
 Wt. of sugar con- 
 tained in 100 cc. 
 of the solution 
 (at 5). 
 
 Wt. of lime con- 
 tained in lOOcc. of 
 
 the preceding 
 
 liquid saturated 
 
 with lime. 
 
 4.850 .... 1.031 
 
 2.401 0.484 
 
 2.000 0.433 
 
 1.660 0.364 
 
 1.386 0.326 
 
 1.200 0316 
 
 1.058 0.281 
 
 0.960 0.264 
 
 0.400 0.194 
 
 0.191 0172 
 
 0.096 0.154 
 
 0000 .... 0.148 
 
 (pure water.) 
 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1856, (3.) 46. 176.) 
 For Bcrthelot's discussion of the relative in- 
 fluences of sugar and water in causing the solu- 
 tion, see the cited memoir. Soluble in an aque- 
 
 Relation be- 
 tween the lime 
 and the sugar. 
 
 Lime. Sugar. 
 
 17.5 . 82.5 
 16.8 83.2 
 17.8 82.2 
 180 82.0 
 19.0 81.0 
 20.8 79.2 
 21.0 79.0 
 
 21.6 78.4 
 
 32.7 67.3 
 47.4 52.6 
 61.6 . 38.4 
 
 ous solution of mannite. (Favre, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 11. 76.) 
 
 Wt. of lime con- Relation between 
 
 Wt. of mannite taiued in 100 cc. the lime and 
 contained in 100 of the preceding mannite. 
 
 cc. of the solution liquid saturated 
 
 (at 5). 
 9.60 
 4.80 
 2.40 
 1.92 
 1.60 
 1.37 
 1.20 
 1.07 
 0.96 
 0.192 
 0.096 
 0.000 
 
 liquid saturated 
 with lime. 
 
 0.753 
 0.372 
 0.255 
 0.225 
 0207 
 0.194 
 0.193 
 0.190 
 0.186 
 0.155 
 0.154 
 0.148 
 
 Lime. Manuite. 
 
 7.3 . 92.7 
 
 7.2 92.8 
 
 9.6 90.4 
 
 10.5 89.5 
 
 11.4 88.6 
 
 12.5 87.5 
 13.9 86.1 
 
 15.1 84.9 
 
 16.2 86.8 
 
 44.6 55.4 
 61.6 . 38.4 
 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch.etPhys., 1856, (3.) 46. 177.) 
 For Berthelot's discussion of the relative influence 
 of mannite 'and water in causing this solution, see 
 his memoir. 
 
 Solubility of Lime in Glycerin. 
 
 art n f ,ri,.,.;~ Wt. of lime con- Relation between 
 
 tained in 100 cc. the wt. of lime and 
 of the preceding of glycerin. 
 
 tfcm<M$ " liq'd saturated 
 
 10.00 
 5.00 
 2.86 
 2.50 
 2.00 
 1.00 
 
 with lime. 
 0.370 
 0.240 
 0.196 
 0.192 
 0.186 
 0.165 
 
 Lime. Glycerin. 
 
 3.6 . 96.4 
 
 4.6 95 4 
 
 6.4 93.6 
 7.1 92.9 
 
 8.5 91.5 
 14.2 . 85.8 
 
 . . . . . . . . . . 
 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1856, (3.) 46. 178.) 
 For B.'s discussion of the relative influence of 
 glycerin and water in causing the solution of the 
 lime, see his memoir. 
 
 Concentrated solutions of lime in mannite or 
 glycerin aiford an abundant precipitate on being 
 heated ; but, as is the case with sucrate of lime, 
 these precipitates redissolve as the mixture cools. 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1856, (3.) 46. 179.) 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of sorbine 
 (Pelouze) ; and to a slight extent in a solution of 
 quercite. Soluble, with combination, in an aque- 
 ous solution of monobasic sucrate of lime. (Sou- 
 beiran; Peligot.) Precisely as soluble at 15.56 
 in water containing a little gum as in pure water. 
 (Dalton, loc. cit., p. 510.) Much more soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of gelatin than in pure water. 
 Readily soluble in most acids. 
 
 II.) hydrated. Soluble in 584 pts. of water at 
 (Hydrate of Lime.) 15.56, in 729 pts. of water at 
 Ca 0, II 54.44, and in 952 pts. of water 
 
 at 100. (Dalton, in his New 
 Si/stem, 2. 510.) Largely soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of acetate of soda. (Mercer, Re/>. Jh: 
 Assoc., 1844, p. 32.) Precipitated hydrate of lime 
 is very readily soluble, even at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. (H. Rose, TV.) A solution of 1 pt. 
 of caustic potash or soda in 100 pts. of water will 
 not dissolve more than J-^-Q pt. of hydrate of 
 lime when the latter is mixed with it. Hydrate of 
 lime is soluble in ammonia-water, however. (Pe- 
 louze, Ann. Ch. et Phys.* (3.) 33. 11.) [But 
 very dilute solutions of caustic potash or soda 
 may be mixed with lime-water without occasion- 
 ing any precipitate. F. H. S-] No precipitate is 
 produced when a solution of a lime salt is treated 
 with caustic potash or soda, if the solution is di- 
 luted with 50 pts. of water. (Bergman, cited by 
 Bcrthollet, Ann. de Chim., 37. 166.) As soluble 
 
438 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 in an aqueous sdlution of caustic potash which 
 has been prepared (by means of hydrate of lime) 
 from 1 pt. of carbonate of potash and 50 pts. of 
 water, as it is in pure water. (Berzelius's Lfhrb., 
 2. 65.) Slightly soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of waterglass (acid silicate of soda or potash). 
 (Bolley; compare Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 
 338 ; 33. 33.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OP CALCIUM. Decomposed by 
 Ca 2 4- H water, especially when heated there- 
 with to temperatures near 100. 
 
 OXIDE OF CAPROYL & OF CENANTIIOYL. Sol- 
 (CEnanth Acetone.) uble in spirit. 
 
 28 26 2 = O M H ]3 \ 2 
 
 OXIDE OF CAPRYL. Vid. Oxide of Octyl. 
 C 16 H 17 
 OXIDE OF CARBON. Vid. Carbonic Oxide. 
 
 /YcrtOxiDE OF CERIUM. 
 (Cerous Oxide.) 
 
 I ) hydrated. Insoluble in water or in aqueous 
 Ce 0, H solutions of caustic potash or ammo- 
 nia. Soluble in a solution of carbonate 
 of ammonia. Readily soluble in acids. In 
 presence of non-volatile organic matters like tar- 
 taric acid, it is not precipitated by ammonia, but 
 potash precipitates it in spite of the presence of 
 tartaric acid. 
 
 (Ses^uiOxiDE OF CERIUM. 
 
 (Ceric Oxide.) 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Insoluble in water. After hav- 
 Ce 2 3 i'ig been ignited, it is so little soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid that only a faint trace 
 dissolves on boiling ; but if a little alcohol be 
 added to the acid, the sesquioxide is reduced and 
 solution ensues. It dissolves in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid only when this is heated. Impure 
 sesquioxide of cerium, containing oxide of lan- 
 thanum and oxide of didymium, dissolves easily 
 in warm chlorhydric acid, with evolution of chlo- 
 rine. (H.Rose, TV.) Nearly insoluble in dilute 
 acids. Nearly insoluble in nitric acid diluted with 
 100 pts. of water. Soluble in hot concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, chlorine being evolved and proto- 
 chloride of cerium formed. Easily soluble in hot 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 After having been calcined it is almost impos- 
 sible to dissolve it, if it is pure, either in concen- 
 trated chlorhydric or nitric acids, even after long- 
 continued boiling. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 27.212.; 
 
 II.) hydrated. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 Ce 2 O 3 , 3 II concentrated acids ; but not in dilute 
 acids, with which it com bines to form 
 basic salts, a portion of it being dissolved only 
 when oxide of lanthanum and oxide of didymium 
 are present. (Mosander, cited by H. Rose, TV.) 
 Readily soluble in weak nitric or chlorhydric 
 acid ; but not in formic, acetic, or fluorhydric 
 acids. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 205.) 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic al- 
 kalies or ammonia ; but slightly soluble in solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates. (Dumas, TV., 7. 
 222.) Somewhat soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of carbonate of ammonia, those samples which are 
 contaminated with lanthanum or didymium being 
 much less soluble than the pure oxide. (H. Rose, 
 2V.) 
 
 Pro^OxiDE OP CERIUM with SesquiOni'D'E 
 
 (CerosoCeric Oxide.) OF CERIUM. Dilute acids 
 
 3reO;2Ce 2 O s dissolve out Ce O, leaving 
 
 Cc 2 O s ; the latter being first 
 attacked by concentrated acids. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid, with evolution of chlorine. (Berin- 
 
 ger.) When prepared by igniting the protonitrate, 
 it is insoluble in chlorhydric acid alone ; but when 
 in fine powder, it dissolves with tolerable rapidity 
 in chlorhydric acid which contains protochloride of 
 iron. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 223.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CETYL. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 
 ( Cttylic Ether.) soluble in ether, and alco- 
 
 C 82 H 33 or 32 jj 33 ( 2 hoi. Unacted upon by 
 
 boiling chlorhydric or nitric 
 
 acids, or by aqua-regia. 
 
 OXIDE OF CETYL & OF ETHYL. Easily soluble 
 
 c H o c 2 H 33 i o ^ n a l c hol, and ether. 
 se 38 2 c 4 H 5 } 2 (Becker.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CETYL & OF POTASSIUM. 
 (Cetylate of Potash.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CETYL & OF SODIUM. Unacted 
 
 (Cetylate of Soda.) upon by boiling water. De- 
 
 C32 ft 33 } z composed by chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Fridau.) Unacted upon by 
 
 boiling acids. 
 
 OXIDE OF terCiiLORAcETOYL. Vid. Chlor- 
 Oxethose, 
 
 OXIDE OF CHLORETIIYL. 
 
 (ChlorEtheral. J\lono-chlorinal.ed Vinic Ether. 
 Oxychlorure d'Ethcne. Oxytle d'Ethylchlori.) 
 C 4 H 4 Cl 
 
 OXIDE OF WCHLORETHYL. Slowly soluble in 
 (Bichlorinated Vinic Ether, water, with decomposi- 
 Oxyded'ethylebichlort.) t ; on> g oluble in abso . 
 
 C 4 H 3 CI 2 , 
 
 lute alcohol. (Malaguti.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ;?CT-CHLORETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (Per -chlorinated Vinic Ether, water. 
 Chlorure de Chloroxethose. SAlnblp in nlrnhnl 
 
 Oxy,le d^ethyle perchlori.) -rT } m alcono1 - 
 
 C 01 o Unacted upon by a solu- 
 
 tion of caustic ammonia, 
 
 and only very slightly attacked by an alcoholic 
 solution of potash. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 18.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CHLORINE. Vid. HypoChloric Acid. 
 
 PerOxiDE OF CHLORINE. Vid. HypoChloric 
 Acid. 
 
 OXIDE OF CHLOROBENZYLENE. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of Benzoyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF &/CHLOROBENZYLENE. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of ChloroBenzoyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF terCiiLORofo'BKOMETHYL. Insolu- 
 (Bromide of Chloroxethose. ble in Water. Solu- 
 
 Oxyded'elhyleperchlorobrome.') b le in alcohol. (Ma- 
 L/4 G1 3 13r 2 . . -V 
 
 laguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 16. 25.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CHLOROMETHYL. Very slowly de- 
 
 (Mtninc/iloriiiated methylelher. Composed bv cold 
 
 Oxydedemethylmonochlore.) 
 
 C 2 H 2 Cl = 3f J 
 
 OXIDE OF 
 
 (Bichlorinated methylether.) 
 
 c 2 ci 2 H o = f 2 H J o 
 
 OXIDE OF terClILOROMETHYL. 
 
 C 2 ClgO 
 
 OXIDE OF CnLORoSuLniETHYL. Insoluble 
 (Chlorosulphovinic Ether, in water. Soluble in al- 
 
 O. H Ol B U , . ; , 
 
 laguti.) 
 
 Pro^OxiDE OF CHROMIUM (hydrated). De- 
 (Chromous oxide.) composed by water, especially 
 Cr 0, H when this is" boiling hot. (Pe- 
 
 ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 12. 539.) Insoluble in dilute, slowly soluble in 
 strong acids. Most of its salts are very sparingly 
 soluble in cold water, but more readily soluble in 
 hot water. (Moberg.) 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 439 
 
 OF CfirROMiuiffgreen modif). 
 a = anhydrous. When prepared by gently ig- 
 Cr 2 3 niting the hydrate, it is difficultly soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid, but after having been 
 strongly ignited it is insoluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Fresenius, Quant., p. 133.) If prepared by heat- 
 ing the hydrate only sufficiently to expel its water, 
 it is easily soluble in acids, though much less so 
 than the hydrate. But after strong ignition it is 
 almost entirely insoluble in acids, though slowly 
 dissolved by boiling sulphuric acid. (Gm.) 
 
 b = terhydrated. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 Cr 2 3 , 3HO soluble in cold solutions of caustic 
 potash or soda ; much less readily 
 soluble in cold caustic ammonia ; the presence 
 of chloride of ammonium has no influence upon 
 its solubility in ammonia. Easily soluble in 
 acids. On boiling, it separates entirely from its 
 solution in cold potash, soda, or ammonia. (Fre- 
 senius, Quant., p. 132.) Hydrate of chromium is 
 not soluble in potash-lye when in presence of 
 oxide of lead or oxide of zinc, insoluble com- 
 pounds with these oxides being formed. (Chan- 
 cel.) If, after precipitation, it be thoroughly 
 washed with water, it is perfectly insoluble in 
 ammonia-water, even concentrated ; but if acids, 
 as chlorhydric, sulphuric, or nitric acids, be pres- 
 ent the ammonia unites with them to form salts, 
 in which terhydrate of chromium is soluble. 
 (Vincent, Phil. Mag., (4.) 14. 192.) The purple 
 modification of terhydrated sesquioxide of chro- 
 mium is also, when pure, insoluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Vincent, loc. cit.) 
 
 When precipitated by means of carbonate of 
 ammonia from hot solutions, it is insoluble in 
 weak acids ; but when precipitated 'from cold solu- 
 tions by caustic ammonia, it is soluble in dilute 
 acids. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 202.) Sol- 
 uble in a cold aqueous solution of sinkalin, and is 
 reprecipitated on boiling. . 
 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of cyanide of 
 potassium, but slightly soluble in a mixture of 
 cyanhydric acid and cyanide of potassium. (F. & 
 E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 99.) Insol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of amylamin. ( Wurtz.) 
 It is not precipitated by ammonia-water from 
 solutions which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 A number of other hydrates have been described, 
 and several chemists have attributed to the amount 
 of water contained in them the variations in solu- 
 bility, &c., which are exhibited by different sam- 
 ples of hyd rated chromic oxide. It is probable, 
 however, that these variations depend in great 
 measure upon the condition of aggregation and 
 allotropic state in which the sample may happen 
 to be, rather than upon the amount of water with 
 which it is combined. Thus : 
 
 Cr 2 3 , 4 H Insoluble in a solution of potash. 
 Cr 2 3 , 5 H 
 Cr 2 3 , 6 H 
 
 Cr 2 3 , 8 H Entirely insoluble in alkaline solu- 
 tions, being the hydrate which is 
 precipitated when the alkaline solution of the 
 9 H O hydrate is boiled. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 23. 388.) 
 
 Cr 2 3 , 9 H Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in cold solutions of the caustic al- 
 kalies, from which the 8 H O hydrate is precipi- 
 tated on boiling the solution. (Fremy, loc.cit.) 
 
 Most of the salts of chromic oxide which are 
 insoluble in water are readily soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. 
 
 JVo<Oxir>E OF CHROMIUM with Ses 
 OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 ( Chromoso Chromic Oxide. 
 Magnetic Oxide of Chrome.) 
 
 I. ) Cr 3 4 = Cr 0, Cr 2 '0 s But feebly attacked by 
 acids. (Pe'ligot, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 540.) 
 
 II.) 2 (or 3)CrO, Cr 2 3 Not soluble in any 
 acid, or in aqua-regia. 
 (Bunsen.) 
 
 .BmOxiDE OF CHROMIUM. Vid. Chromate 
 
 (Brown Oxide of Chromium.) of Chromium. 
 
 ProtOxiDTs, OF COBALT. 
 (Cobalt Oxide. Cobaltuvs Oxide.) 
 
 a = Co Soluble in acids. After ignition It 
 is insoluble in a solution of carbon- 
 ate of potash. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium or nitrate of ammonia, though the 
 hydrated oxide is soluble. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) Even after having been 
 ignited, protoxide of cobalt dissolves in a hot 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, am- 
 monia being evolved. (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble 
 in boiling aqueous solutions of the nitrates of 
 nickel, and cerium, the oxides in these salts being 
 precipitated. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., p. 365.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, or in a solu- 
 Co 0, H tion of caustic potash. (H. Rose, Tr.; 
 Fresenius, Quant., p. 138.) Soluble, 
 to a considerable extent, in concentrated potash- 
 lye. (Vcelker, Ann. Ch. u.Pharm., 1846, 59.34.) 
 [The remark of Sandrock (see under ses(/i'Oxide 
 of Iron) attributing an analogous case of solution 
 to silicic acid contained in the potash-lye may per- 
 haps explain this instance also.] When recently 
 precipitated it is soluble in paratartaric acid. 
 Easily soluble in acids, and in solutions of sul- 
 phate, nitrate, and succinate of ammonia, and of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Wittstein.) Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic, and of carbonated 
 ammonia, also soluble either when recently pre- 
 cipitated or dry, in -a boiling solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. (Dema^ay, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1834, 11. 251.) Soluble in cold aqueous solu- 
 tions of chloride of ammonium, and nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) 
 Readily soluble in an aqueous solution of cyanide 
 of potassium. (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 
 1834, (3.) 4. 98.) Soluble in a strong solution of 
 carbonate of potash, also in solutions of caustic 
 potash or soda, from which solutions water pre- 
 cipitates it. (Gmelin.) Many non-volatile or- 
 ganic substances, like tartaric acid, prevent its 
 precipitation by the alkalies. (H. Rose, Tr.) It 
 is not precipitated by caustic potash from solu- 
 tions containing tartaric acid, or citrate of ammo- 
 nia. (Spiller.) Insoluble in an aqueous solution 
 ofmcthylamin or of amylamin. ( Wurtz, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 30. pp. 452, 492.) 
 
 SesquiOxiDE OF COBALT. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in boiling concentrated 
 Co 2 3 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 b = hi/drated. Insoluble in water. Slowly sol- 
 Co 3 , 3HO uble, without decomposition, in 
 acetic acid. Soluble in cold phos- 
 phoric, arsenic, sulphuric, nitric, and chlorhydric 
 acids, at first without decomposition, but by the 
 action of heat and light reduction occurs. Race- 
 mic, citric, oxalic, and tartaric acids dissolve it, 
 with reduction ; it is also soluble in solutions of 
 sulphurous and nitrous acids. 
 
 Its best solvent is acetic acid, which dissolves it 
 
440 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 c = co s 4 , 7 H 
 
 slowly, hut completely, without reduction, forming 
 a solution which is not decomposed by boiling. 
 Unacted upon by ammonia-water, even when this 
 is boiling. Soluble, with decomposition, in an 
 aqueous solution of oxahitc of ammonia. 
 
 Insoluble in a boiling aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 ProtOniDE OF COBALT with SesquiOniDE or 
 COBALT. 
 
 (Magnetic Oxide of Cobalt. 
 CobaltnsoCobaltic Oxide.) 
 I.) Co s 4 = Co O, Co 2 3 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water, or in boil- 
 ing chlorhydric or nitric acids, or in aqua-regia. 
 Difficultly but completely soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Schwurzenberg, Ann. C/t. u. 
 Pharm., 97. 211.) 
 
 6 = Co s 4 + 3HO Soluble in oxalic acid. 
 Soluble in chlorhydric 
 
 acid, with evolution of chlorine. (Gibbs & Genth, 
 Smith. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 
 Soluble in some of the weak 
 acids, especially in acetic 
 acid. (Fremy, Ann. C/i. el Phye., (3.) 35. 261.) 
 II.) Co 6 7 = 4 Co 0, Co 2 O 3 Unacted upon by 
 boiling nitric or 
 sulphuric acids. 
 
 III. ) Co s 3 = 6 Co 0, Co 2 3 
 
 DinOxiDE OF COPPER. 
 
 (Sub Oxide -of Copper. Red Oxide of Copper.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Permanent. Insoluble in 
 Cu 2 water. Soluble in much concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, with combination. De- 
 composed by phosphoric, sulphuric, oxalic, tar- 
 taric, acetic, and other acids, especially by nitric 
 acid even when very dilute. The native mineral 
 is soluble in chlorhydric acid, and, with efferves- 
 cence, in nitric acid. 
 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. (H. Rose, Tr.) Dinoxide of 
 copper, both when recently'precipitated or ignited, 
 dissolves to a certain extent when boiled in an 
 excess of potaeh-lye, the solution is colorless. 
 (Chodnew, J.pr. Ch., 1843, 28. 221.) 
 
 6 = hydrated. Oxidizes in the air. Soluble in 
 all the acids, even the weakest, \sith combination. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 391.) Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia and 
 of carbonate of ammonia, also slightly in a solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. ( Chodnew ? ) 
 
 PnrtOxiDE OF COPPER. 
 
 a = anhydrous. As good as insoluble in water. 
 Cu Easily soluble in acids, with combination 
 and evolution of heat. Less easily soluble 
 in ammonia-water. 
 
 Soluble in a cold aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 335) ; a very free evolution of ammonia occur- 
 ring when the solution is boiled. (L. Thompson, 
 Ibid., p. 179.) Ignited oxide of copper dissolves 
 completely, though difficultly and slowly, in a 
 boiling aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 also, though more difficultly, in a solution of 
 nitrate of ammonia. (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble in 
 boiling aqueous solutions of the nitrates and chlor- 
 hydrates of the sesquioxides of alumina, glucina, 
 uranium, chromium, iron, and bismuth, the nitrates 
 of the din- and protoxides of mercury, chloride of 
 antimony, and the proto- and bichlorides of tin, 
 with precipitation of the oxides contained in these 
 salts ; but is unacted upon by boiling solutions of 
 the nitrates or chlorides of the protoxides of mag- 
 nesia, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cerium, or 
 
 iron, by the nitrates of silver, lead, or cadmium, 
 dichloride of copper or the protochlorides of mer- 
 cury or uranium. (Fersoz, Chim. Mole'c, pp. 362, 
 363.) Slowly and sparingly soluble in cold, 
 rapidly soluble in hot sulphurous acid, with de- 
 composition. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 7. 79.) Not only hydrate of copper, but even 
 ignited oxide of copper, dissolves on continued 
 boiling in potash-lye, and the more readily and 
 abundantly in proportion as this is more concen- 
 trated. (Chodnew, ./. pr. Ch., 1843, 28. 221.) 
 Unlike the hydrated oxide, anhydrous oxide of 
 copper, when heated with cane-sugar, resists its 
 action ; but a solution of saccharate of lime, or 
 any other alkaline saccharate, boiled with it is 
 capable of dissolving and deoxidizing it, though 
 with more difficulty than the hydrate. (Hunton, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 155.) 
 
 b = trihijdrate. Insoluble in water, or in dilute 
 (Black Hydrate of Copper.") alkaline solutions. 
 3 Cu 0, H Easily soluble in a 
 
 warm aqueous solution 
 
 of chloride of ammonium. (H.Rose, Tr.) Much 
 more difficultly soluble than the monohydrate (c) 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Chod- 
 new, J. pr..Ch., 1843, 28. 220.) 
 
 c = monohydrate. Insoluble in water. Decom- 
 
 (B/ue Hydrate of Copper.) posed on being boiled 
 
 Cu 0, H with water. Extremely 
 
 easily soluble in acids. 
 
 Soluble in ammonia-water, and in aqueous solu- 
 tions of ammoniacal salts. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, even in the cold, and of nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 pp. 98, 335.) When recently precipitated, and 
 yet moist, a certain portion of it dissolves in an 
 aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium. (F. & 
 E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 4. 96.) Tol- 
 erably soluble in an aqueous solution of amylamin. 
 Easily soluble in a solution of methylamin ; less 
 easily soluble in a solution of ethylamin. (A. 
 Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. pp. 452, 472.) 
 Slightly soluble in aqueous solutions of the car- 
 bonates, and especially the bicarbonates of potash 
 and soda. (Berzclius, Lchrb., 2. 559.) 
 
 Slightly soluble in cold aqueous solutions of 
 caustic potash, and soda (Proust), but the solution 
 is decomposed, and the oxide of copper precip- 
 itated, on boiling. (Berthollet.) A small quan- 
 tity of oxide of copper dissolves in an excessively 
 large proportion of a concentrated solution of 
 caustic potash, forming a bluish liquor, from which 
 it is not easy to precipitate the oxide of copper 
 either by diluting with "water or boiling. (H. 
 Rose, Tr.) When a large excess of caustic pot- 
 ash is added to a cold, dilute solution of sulphate, 
 nitrate, or chloride of copper, the precipitate 
 which falls at first may be completely redissolvcd ; 
 the solution obtained is of a blue color, but con- 
 tains much less copper than that obtained by 
 ignition as described below; it is not rendered 
 cloudy in the least by boiling, but becomes clearer ; 
 hunce" Proust's assertion, that water precipitates 
 oxide of copper from it, is not corroborated. 
 (Chodnew, J.pr. Ch., 1843, 28. pp. 220, 221.) 
 When a nitric-acid solution of copper is treated with 
 an excess of caustic potash, free from carbonate, 
 and the mixture filtered, there is obtained a lilac- 
 colored filtrate which contains copper. This ex- 
 periment shows that, contrary to the ordinary 
 opinion, recently precipitated hydrate of copper is 
 soluble in caustic potash which contains no car- 
 bonate of potash. (Roloff, Gehlen's N. all. Journ., 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 441 
 
 der Ch., 6. 440 [Ch.].) Soluble to a considerable 
 extent in concentrated potash-lye, and the solu- 
 tion may be diluted with much water, or evapo- 
 rated to dryness, without depositing the oxide of 
 copper. (Vcelker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 59. 
 34.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash or soda, unless these contain organic mat- 
 ter, in which case a portion of the oxide dissolves. 
 It is reprecipitated, however, on the addition of 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 558.) According 
 to Voelker (loc. cit.), the presence of organic matter 
 is not necessary for the solution of oxide of cop- 
 per in caustic potash, and this statement of Ber- 
 zelius consequently erroneous. When protoxide 
 or dinoxide of copper, or metallic copper, are 
 ignited witli pure hydrate of potash, the melted 
 mass allowed to cool, and then treated with water, 
 no inconsiderable amount of protoxide of copper 
 will be dissolved, a bluish solution being obtained, 
 and this solution, if immediately filtered off, is 
 not decomposed by the further addition of water, 
 but remains clear, no matter how much of the 
 latter is added. But if, instead of being filtered 
 directly, the blue solution is allowed to stand in 
 contact with the insoluble portion of oxide of cop- 
 per which has not entered into combination with 
 the potash, it becomes completely colorless in the 
 course of a few days, and no longer contains any 
 copper. The presence of some carbonate of pot- 
 ash does not interfere with the above reactions. 
 If the solution is neutralized with chlorhydric acid, 
 most of the copper is precipitated as hydrate ; but, 
 as is usual in concentrated saline solutions, some 
 of the copper remains dissolved. (Chodnew, J. 
 pr. Cft., 1843, 28. pp. 219,220.) Entirely soluble 
 in very concentrated solutions of caustic potash, 
 but this solution is readily decomposed when 
 gently heated. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys.. (3.) 
 12. 510.) 
 
 Largely soluble in an aqueous solution of ace- 
 tate of soda. (Mercer, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1844, 
 p. 32.) Somewhat soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of waterglass (acid silicate of soda or potash). 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 338; compare 
 Ibid., 33. 33.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 ofsorbtn. (Pelouze.) It is not precipitated from 
 solutions which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of cane-sugar, 
 unless an alkali or alkaline earth be also present. 
 (Peschier.) Recently precipitated hydrate of 
 copper dissolves abundantly in mixed solutions of 
 cane-sugar and a caustic alkali, as potash, soda, or 
 lime ; but only sparingly in mixed solutions of 
 sugar and baryta or strontia ; on boiling these 
 solutions dinoxide of copper is precipitated after a 
 time. (Becquerel.) Hydrate of copper is not 
 precipitated on the addition of caustic potash or 
 soda from solutions which contain tartaric acid, 
 cane-sugar, and many other non-volatile organic 
 substances ; in presence of certain other organic 
 bodies, like grape-sugar, the dinoxide is precipi- 
 tated on adding potash to solutions of salts of 
 protoxide of copper. 
 
 Soluble, with combination, in aqueous solutions 
 of the sucrates of lime, baryta, strontia, potash, and 
 soda, precipitates of double sucrates being formed 
 when the solutions of the first three of these are 
 heated, but no precipitate is formed at 100 in the 
 two last-mentioned solutions, unless an excess of 
 free sugar be present, in which event dinoxide of 
 copper falls. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 
 pp. 153, 156.) A portion of hydrated oxide of 
 copper having been agitated with a strong solu- 
 tion of sugar in the cold during three days without 
 any effect, the mixture was then brought to boil; 
 56 
 
 and though none of the hydrate was dissolved, yet 
 it did not part with its water, and become brown 
 as in ordinary cases, though after a time dinoxide 
 of copper was formed. But if prior to the boiling 
 the smallest quantity of potash or other alkali had 
 been added, a part of the hydrate would have been 
 immediately dissolved, then acted upon by the 
 free sugar present and precipitated as dinoxide. 
 (Hunton, loc. cit., p. 154.) Insoluble in simple 
 aqueous solutions of the sucrates of potash, baryta, 
 and lime, but dissolves immediately in mixtures 
 of these with an excess of cane-sugar. (Peligot.) 
 Those of the salts of protoxide of copper 
 which are insoluble in water are soluble in sul- 
 phuric, chlorhydric, and nitric acids, or, at all 
 events, give up their copper to the acid. 
 
 PerOxiDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 Cu0 2 Decomposed by acids. (Thenard.) 
 
 OXIDE OF COPPER & OF CCPR(?C)AMMONIOM. 
 
 o /\ T { Ho \ n ,,, rt . . Insoluble in water. 
 2(Nj c 3)o,cuO )+ 6Aq (Kane>) 
 
 OXIDE OF COPPER with SULPHATE OF LEAD. 
 Cu O, H O ; Pb 0, S 3 Occurs as the mineral Li- 
 narite. Nitric acid dissolves 
 out the copper, leaving sulphate of lead. 
 
 OXIDE OF CKESTL & OF ETHYL. 
 
 OXIDE OF CUMOYL & OF POTASSIUM. Decom- 
 (Cuminol Potassium.) posed by water. (Ger- 
 
 C 20 H n K 2 = C 2 H g 2 hardt & Chiozza.) 
 
 OXIDE OF CupR(zc)6tAMiN. Deliquescent, 
 r . with decomposition. Very 
 
 2 } u 6 ^ 1 re adily decomposed by water. 
 
 Soluble in ammonia- water. 
 
 (Malaguti & Sarzeau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 
 
 pp. 436, 438.) 
 
 PrO<OxiDE OF DlDTMIUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 Di in boiling aqueous solutions of ammoniacal 
 salts. Very easily soluble in dilute acids, 
 even after having been strongly ignited. (Marig- 
 nac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 156.) The 
 ignited oxide is, however, less soluble in dilute 
 nitric acid than protoxide of lanthanum. (Marig- 
 nac, Ibid., (3.) 27. 226.) The ignited oxide is 
 readily soluble in acids, even dilute, being more 
 soluble in dilute acids than oxide of cerium, but 
 less so than oxide of lanthanum. Soluble in a 
 mixed aqueous solution of chloride of potassium, 
 chlorite of lime, and chloride of lanthanum. 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water. (Marignac, 
 DiO, HO loc. cit., (3.) 38. 156.) Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash or 
 ammonia, but is slightly soluble at the ordinary 
 temperature in a solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF DIDTMIUM. Soluble, with de- 
 
 Di O* composition, in dilute acids ; also soluble 
 
 in boiling aqueous solutions of ammoniacal 
 
 salts. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 
 
 156.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ERBIUM. Readily soluble in acids. 
 K o (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL. Soluble in 9 pts. of water ; 
 (Ether. Vinie Ether. Sulphuric in lOptS. (Dalton) J 
 Et/ier. Ethylic Or.ide.) in 14 pts. (Boullay); 
 
 C. H or H 5 ?J in about 10 pts. at 
 
 C * H U ' the ordinary tem- 
 
 perature. (De Lanraguais, Mfm. Paris, 1758, p. 29. 
 fT 1 ) The sp. gr. of this solution is 0.96, and it 
 boils at 95, with evolution of ether. (Dalton.) 
 Soluble in 10 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 
442 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) The aque- 
 ous solution saturated at 12 is of 0.983 sp.gr.: 
 this agrees with the determination of Boullay, that 
 water can take up ^ of ether, for, taking the sp. 
 gr. of ether as 0.729, the calculated sp. gr. of B.'s 
 solution would be 0.982. At higher temperatures 
 ether is less soluble in water, hence the solution 
 saturated at 12 becomes cloudy even from the 
 warmth of the hand. (Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1859, 111. 374.) 
 
 An alcoholic solu- 
 
 Contains of ether 
 
 tion of sp. gr. 
 
 per cent. 
 
 0.720 . . , 
 
 , . . 100 
 
 0.732 
 
 90 
 
 0.744 
 
 80 
 
 0.756 
 
 70 
 
 0.768 
 
 .60 
 
 0.780 
 
 50 
 
 0.792 
 
 40 
 
 0.804 
 
 30 
 
 0.816 
 
 20 
 
 0.828 
 
 10 
 
 0.830 . 
 
 
 
 (Dalton, [T.] See also Schiff 's table and 
 formulas under ALCOHOL.) Miscible in all pro- 
 portions with alcohol, methylal, bisulphide of 
 methyl, sulphocyanide of methyl, bisulphide of 
 carbon, and liquid carbonic acid (Thilorier) ; 
 also in all proportions with naphtha. Miscible, 
 with the aqueous solution of chlorhydric acid. 
 (Boullay.) A saturated aqueous solution of ace- 
 tate of potash causes ether to separate from its 
 alcoholic solution better than pure water. 
 
 Ether dissolves many organic compounds, as 
 the volatile oils, resins, fats, alcohols, acetone, 
 lignone, tannic acid, and most of the alkaloids ; 
 most highly hydrogenized substances, as resins, 
 fats, &c., which are but sparingly soluble in alco- 
 hol, while it is without action upon many sub- 
 stances which dissolve in alcohol. 
 
 OXIDE OF frv'ETHYLAMYLPHOSPHONIUM(hy- 
 
 P ((piH^g OHO drated). Soluble in water. 
 t C 10 H lt 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL Chkrt. Vid. Oxide of Chlor- 
 Ethyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF 'ETmriperChlorgBrome. Vid. Oxide 
 of terChloro&z'BromEthyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL C%foro<Sw//wre. Vid. Oxide 
 of ChloroSulphEthyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYLSW/Mre. Vid. Oxide of bi- 
 SulphEthyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL & OF METHYL. Only slight- 
 ( Vinomethylic Ether. Ethylate of Methyl. ] v solnhlo 
 Methylate of Ethyl. Vinomethylide.) - J 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL & OF OCTYL. Insoluble in 
 ( Oxide of Capryllf of Ethyl, water. Readily solu- 
 EthylCaprylicE^.) ^ .^ 
 
 CaoH^O^O, ether . 
 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL & OF POTASSIUM. Decom- 
 (Et/iylate of Potash, posed by water. Soluble in 
 Alcoolpotassie.) alcohol. 
 
 C ^jo 3 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL & OF SODIUM. Decomposed 
 by water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL & OF SULPHOBENZOYL. 
 Vid. SulphoBenzoate of Ethyl. 
 
 {(C 4 H 5 ) S 2 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL & OF TOLUENYL. Insolu- 
 
 (EthylToluenyl Ether. Ethylo- ble in water. (Can- 
 
 Benzylic Ether. VmoBeniylic, ,,:_ \ 
 
 Ether. Senzylovinic Ether. ' 
 
 Benzylate of Ethyl. Etliylate of 
 
 Bemyl.) 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL with ZINCMETHYL. 
 2 C 4 H 6 Zn 2 ; C 8 H 10 O 2 
 
 OXIDE OF irzETHYLMETHYLPHOSPHONIUM 
 
 (hydrated). Soluble in water. 
 
 OXIDE OF ETHYL^PHENYLAMMONIUM (hy- 
 drated). Sparingly soluble in water; the solu- 
 tion undergoing decomposition when boiled. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. (Gcessmann.) 
 
 OXIDE OF in'ETHYLPnospniN. Very readily 
 deliquescent. Soluble in all 
 proportions in water, and alco- 
 hol ; less soluble in ether. 
 Readily soluble in acids. Insoluble in concen- 
 trated potash-lye. ( Hofmann. ) 
 
 OXIDE of fctfraETHYLPHOSPHONiUM (hydrated). 
 
 _ ( ,_ Very deliquescent. Soluble 
 
 P | (C 4 H E ),0, HO in ^ ater * (Hofmann & Ca . 
 
 hours. ) 
 
 OXIDE OF FuscoCoBALT(i'a<7e). Not isolated. 
 The salts of fuscocobalt are soluble in water, 
 from which they are precipitated on the addition 
 of alcohol. Slowly decomposed by ebullition. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. pp. 286, 310.) 
 
 OXIDE OF GLUCINUM. 
 
 (Qlucina.') 
 
 a = anhydrous. Difficultly soluble in acids, 
 G1 2 3 after it has been ignited, especially in nitric 
 acid ; but boiling concentrated nitric acid 
 dissolves it with tolerable rapidity. (Debray, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 15.) Slowly but 
 completely soluble in acids, after ignition. ( Schaff- 
 gotsch.) Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids, 
 often with much difficulty after having been ig- 
 nited. When obtained by igniting sulphate of 
 glucina at a white heat, it is soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid, though complete solution can be effected 
 only by long-continued digestion ; it is also very 
 difficultly soluble in sulphuric acid. But strongly 
 ignited glucina may readily be dissolved by fusing 
 it with bisulphate of potash, and treating the mass 
 with water. After having been ignited at a white 
 heat, it is completely insoluble in a boiling concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 (H. Rose, Tr.) After having been ignited, it is 
 insoluble either in hot or cold potash-lye, and is 
 almost insoluble in a solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 Q1 2 3 , 3 H cold alkaline solutions, excepting 
 ammonia. It is reprecipitated from 
 its alkaline solutions on the addition of chloride 
 of ammonium. On boiling the solution in dilute 
 caustic potash or soda, the hydrate of glucina is 
 completely reprecipitated after a time ; the solu- 
 tion in concentrated caustic potash, on the other 
 hand, may be boiled without precipitating it, 
 though On diluting with water and again boiling 
 precipitation occurs. There is a certain degree of 
 dilution at which the precipitation is most rapid 
 and complete, while in presence of a larger or 
 smaller amount of water the separation is only 
 imperfect. After having thus been precipitated 
 from an alkaline solution, it is insoluble in cold 
 concentrated potash-lye, but dissolves therein on 
 boiling. The hydrate is also soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline carbonates, especially of 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 443 
 
 carbonate of ammonia, excepting that which ha 
 been precipitated from a boiling alkaline solution 
 which is insoluble. This last is, however, easil 
 soluble in acids. (Berzelius, Lelirb., 2. 170.) 
 cooling the alkaline liquor from which the glu 
 cina has been precipitated by boiling, only ver 
 little of the latter is redissolved, unless its quan 
 tity is relatively very small, but in cases wher 
 only a few particles of the hydrate are presen 
 they disappear on cooling, and reappear on heat 
 ing the liquid. Hydrate of glucina, thus precipi 
 tated and washed to remove adhering potash, dis 
 solves readily in a cold solution of caustic potash 
 but it does not thus dissolve unless it has beer 
 washed. (H. Rose, TV., 1. 48.) Readily soluble 
 in acids. Soluble in an aqueous solution of car 
 bonate of ammonia, unless it has been precipitatec 
 by boiling from an alkaline solution (or been ig 
 nited) in which case it is very sparingly dissolve 
 with solutions of carbonate of potash and caustic 
 potash the same reactions occur. (Schaffgotsch.] 
 Very slightly soluble in an aqueous solution ol 
 carbonate of lithia. (C. Gmelin.) Soluble in 
 sulphurous acid. (Berthier. Ann. Ch. et Phys. 
 (3.) 7. 75.) 
 
 Soluble in boiling aqueous solutions of the 
 nitrates and chlorhydrates of the sesquioxides oi 
 alumina, uranium, iron, chromium, and bismuth, 
 the nitrates of din and protoxide of mercury, in 
 bichloride of tin and perchloride of antimony, 
 the oxides in these sajts being meanwhile pre- 
 cipitated. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., pp. 366, 367.) 
 Soluble in baryta-water, from which it is repre- 
 cipitated on the addition of an ammoniacal salt, 
 but is not precipitated by boiling. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 As obtained on precipitating by boiling its solu- 
 tion in carbonate of potash, it is soluble in a 
 solution of caustic potash. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 When recently prepared, it dissolves completely, 
 though very slowly, in a boiling aqueous solution 
 of chloride of ammonium, ammonia being evolved. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 OXIDE OF GLTCEKYL. Soluble in ether. 
 
 { Glyceryl Ether.) 
 
 <VH 1( , 8 = (C 6 H 5 "% 8 
 
 K OF GOLD. After it has been dried 
 (Aurous Oride.) it is completely insoluble in water. 
 Au 0, H But if at the moment of its prep- 
 
 aration it be placed in contact 
 with distilled water, it appears sometimes to dis- 
 solve, forming a colored solution. This solution 
 may remain limpid during two or three days, but 
 at the end of this time the oxide will be entirely 
 precipitated. If a soluble salt be added to the 
 solution while it is warm, the oxide will be in- 
 stantly precipitated. This apparent solubility 
 seems to be analogous to that presented by Prus- 
 sian blue, several metallic oxides, purple of Cas- 
 sius, iodide of starch, or perhaps even starch 
 itself. (L. Figuier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 
 337.) [F. says Berzelius operated on an impure 
 substance.] In general, it is insoluble in water or 
 alcohol (which has no action upon it). (Figuier, 
 loc. cit.) Decomposed by chlorhydric acid (Ber- 
 zelius), slowly in the cold, at once when heated. 
 (Figuier, loc. cit.) Soluble in iodhydric, and 
 bromhydric acids, with combination. Unacted 
 upon by sulphuric, nitric, acetic, or tartaric acids. 
 Soluble in cold aqua-regia. When in the nascent 
 state, it dissolves in solutions of caustic potash, 
 and soda. It combines with ammonia, forming an 
 explosive compound. (Figuier, loc. cit.) Slightly 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash, 
 but the solution soon undergoes decomposition, 
 
 with deposition of metallic gold. (Berzelius 
 Lehrb.) Insoluble in water, but sometimes re- 
 mains suspended for a long time in water, from 
 which it may readily be separated, however, by the 
 action of heat. Insoluble in the oxyacids, even 
 when these are concentrated. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 "Intermediate Oiide of Gold," Au a 2 Is now admitted 
 
 to have been a 
 mixture. 
 
 Tb-OxiDE OF GOLD. Insoluble in water and 
 SFSSSXSS} AU " C in s tacids. Easily 
 AU 3 & -f H o soluble in concen- 
 
 trated nitric acid, from 
 
 which water precipitates it. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric, and bromhydric acids. Decomposed when 
 boiled with iodhydric acid. Fluorhydric acid dis- 
 solves a trace of it. Easily soluble 'in solutions of 
 potash and soda. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 31. 482.) Unacted upon by cold, decomposed 
 by boiling alcohol. Soluble, with decomposition 
 and combination, in boiling alkaline liquors when 
 precipitated in their presence. When in the gelati- 
 nous state (from the decomposition of an aurate) 
 it is easily soluble in caustic potash, but when 
 precipitated at the temperature of boiling from a 
 neutral mixture of terchloride of gold and car- 
 bonate of soda, it is very difficultly soluble in a 
 solution of potash. (L. Figuier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 11. 361.) A solution of gold in aqua-regia is' 
 only imperfectly precipitated by alkaline solutions, 
 a part of the precipitate being redissolved by the 
 precipitant. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 54.) Recently 
 arecipitated hydrate of gold is almost entirely in- 
 soluble in a cold aqueous solution of hydrate of 
 sotash, but on boiling it for a long time in the 
 latter a large quantity may be dissolved. It is in- 
 soluble in ammonia- water, or in solutions of the 
 alkaline bicarbonates. (H. Rose, TV.) As pre- 
 cipitated from its solution in acetic acid, it is solu- 
 ble in a solution of caustic potash, and in solutions 
 of the alkaline carbonates. (H. Rose, TV.) Hy- 
 drate of gold is soluble, with combination, in 
 aqueous solutions of the cyanides of potassium, 
 and of ammonium. (Himly, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 42. pp. 158, 343.) Soluble in an aqueous sola- 
 ion of cyanide of potassium. 
 
 The hydrated oxide is easily soluble in chlor- 
 lydric acid, but only in a large excess of nitric, 
 ir sulphuric acid. It is not acted upon by phos- 
 ihoric, carbonic, or boracic acids. Most vegetable 
 cids readily reduce it. Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 ng aqueous solutions of chloride of potassium or 
 blonde of sodium. (Pelletier.) Soluble in sele- 
 iic acid. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 Hydrated oxide of gold, even when recently 
 recipitated, is almost insoluble in most of the 
 cids. Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolvesl a 
 mall quantity of it, but this maybe reprecipitated 
 n diluting with water. Insoluble in dilute nitric 
 cid. Fuming nitric acid dissolves a minute trace 
 fit. Both sulphuric and nitric acids precipitate 
 t from its solution in caustic potash, and when 
 elded in excess only dissolve very small quan- 
 ties of the precipitated oxide. Scarcely, or not 
 t all, attacked by phosphoric acid. Insoluble in 
 uorhydric acid. Of all the oxyacids acetic acid 
 issolves the most oxide of gold, when the hydrate 
 s digested with it in the cold for a long time. 
 Vfter prolonged standing a portion of the sesqui- 
 xide separates out again, part of it being reduced 
 o the metallic state ; on boiling the solution a 
 recipitate of sesquioxide falls at once, but it can- 
 ot all be separated thus. On adding acetic acid 
 
444 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 to the solution of oxide of gold in caustic potash 
 the hydrated oxide is precipitated, but a tolerably 
 large proportion of it redissolves, even in the cold, 
 on adding an excess of acetic acid. Oxalic acid 
 reduces it at once. Its best solvent is chlorhydric 
 acid, which dissolves it easily and rapidly. (H. 
 Rose, Tr.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF HYDROGEN. Miscible in all 
 
 H 2 proportions with water. Combines with 
 
 hydrated acids, as phosphoric, sulphuric, 
 
 chlorhydric, fluorhydric, nitric, oxalic, citric, and 
 
 acetic acid. 
 
 OXIDE OF IODINE. Soluble in water. 
 (lodic Oxide.) 
 
 ProfOxiDE or IRIDIUM. The anhydrous oxide 
 Ir 0, & + H is very sparingly soluble in boil- 
 ing acids ; the hydrate is more 
 readily soluble in acids than the anhydrous oxide ; 
 it is also soluble in aqueous solutions of p'otash, 
 and soda. 
 
 /SesfluiOxiDE OF IRIDIUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water or acids ; 
 Ir 2 3 and even in fused bisulphate of potash. 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 Ir 2 O 8 , H acids ; and in aqueous solutions of 
 
 potash, soda, and ammonia. 
 
 .BinOxiDE OF IBIDIUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in acids. 
 IrO 2 
 
 b = hydrated. Almost completely insoluble in 
 Ir 2 , 2 H dilute sulphuric or nitric acid. Slow- 
 ly but completely soluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. (Claus.) It appears to be soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic and carbonated 
 alkalies. (Berzelius.) 
 
 2erOxiDE OF IRIDIUM. Vid. Iridic Acid. 
 
 " Z?/weOxiDE OF IRIDIUM." Soluble in acids, 
 especially in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 u60xiDE OF IRON. Difficultly soluble in 
 Fe 4 dilute sulphuric or chlorhydric acid. Ea- 
 sily soluble in nitric acid. (Marchand.) 
 
 ProiOxiDE OF IRON. 
 
 a = anhydrous. After ignition it is only diffi- 
 FeO cultly soluble in acids. (Berzelius, Lehi -b.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble in about 150000 parts 
 Fe 0, H of water, the solution decomposing 
 in contact with the air. (Bineau, C. 
 R., 41. 510.) Readily soluble in acids. Par- 
 tially soluble in ammonia-water. Soluble in a 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 Does not appear to be soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of chloride of ammonium or nitrate of am- 
 monia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) 
 It is not completely precipitated by potash from 
 solutions which contain chloride of ammonium, 
 and not at all by ammonia, if a sufficient quantity 
 of the chloride has been added. After having 
 once been precipitated by ammonia, a great part of 
 it, but not the whole, can be dissolved by adding 
 chloride of ammonium. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 Soluble to a slight extent in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of waterglass (acid silicate of soda or potash), 
 the more readily in proportion as this solution is 
 more concentrated ; such solutions may be freed 
 from iron by precipitating a fraction of the silicate 
 with alcohol, the iron going down with the first 
 portions of the silicate. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., 
 (2.) 32. pp. 338, 353, 162, & 33. 33.) Sparingly 
 soluble in a solution of acetate of soda. (Mercer.) 
 It is not precipitated by potash or soda from solu- 
 tions containing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) When 
 freshly precipitated hydrate of protoxide of iron 
 
 is treated with a mixed solution of cane-sugar and 
 potash, a trace of it is dissolved ; but it is not solu- 
 ble even in a boiling solution of pure cane-sugar. 
 Even when the hydrate is precipitated, by means 
 of potash, from some one of its combinations in 
 presence of a solution of cane-sugar, the amount 
 of iron dissolved is extremely small, and this ap- 
 pears to be held in solution by the alkali. (Glad- 
 stone, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 197.) In presence of some 
 non-volatile organic substances it is not precipi- 
 tated by the caustic alkalies ; thus, from a solution 
 containing much tartaric acid ammonia does not 
 precipitate it. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 Those of the salts of protoxide of iron which 
 are insoluble in water dissolve in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 OF IRON. 
 (Per Oxide of Iron. Ferric Oxide.) 
 
 a anhydrous. After having been ignited it is 
 Fe 2 O s only slowly soluble in acids, but is much 
 more soluble in chlorhydric than in nitric 
 acid. Slowly soluble in dilute, more rapidly in 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid, and more rapidly 
 when gently heated than when boiled. (Frese- 
 nius, Quant., p. 140.) Very slowly soluble in 
 acids, unless they are concentrated, but is very 
 much more easily soluble than the ignited prot- 
 oxide, although the affinity of the sesquioxide for 
 acids is less than that of the protoxide. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 2. 707.) Sesquioxide of iron does 
 not dissolve in a solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 even when this is warm*. (H. Rose, Tr.) Ig- 
 nited sesquioxide of iron is insoluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. (Chodnew, J. pr. 
 Ch., 1843, 28. 222.) As it occurs in nature (He- 
 matite, red iron ore, specular iron, <f-c.) the oxide 
 dissolves rather easily in hot chlorhydric acid, but 
 is not very readily soluble in acids. 
 
 b = terhydrated. Insoluble in water, or in solu- 
 ( Ordinary Hydrated Oxide of Iron.) tions of the al- 
 Fe 2 3 ,3HO kalies, or of am- 
 
 moniacal salts. 
 
 When recently precipitated it is readily soluble in 
 acids. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 139.) Slightly 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of ammonia and of 
 ammoniacal salts. (Odling.) Does not appear 
 to be soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium or carbonate of ammonia. (Brett, 
 Phil. May., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) Slightly soluble 
 in a concentrated aqueous solution of caustic pot- 
 ash, but insoluble in a dilute solution. Solutions 
 may be obtained either by boiling the recently 
 precipitated hydrate with potash-lye, or by igniting 
 it with caustic potash and treating the cooled mass 
 with water ; they are colorless. (Chodnew, J.pr. 
 Cli., 1843, 28. pp. 221, 222.) Recently precipi- 
 tated oxide of iron is slightly soluble in highly- 
 concentrated potash-lye, free from carbonic acid ; 
 on passing a certain quantity of carbonic acid into 
 this solution, oxide of iron separates out. (Vcel- 
 ker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 59. 34.) Sandrock 
 denies the truth of the above assertions, maintain- 
 ing that the solubility of hydrate of iron in solu- 
 tions of caustic potash depends upon the silicic - 
 acid with which the latter is usually contami- 
 nated. Slightly soluble in strong solutions of the 
 alkaline carbonates. Not soluble in a strong 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of potash unless 
 this be added in excess to a solution containing 
 iron. 
 
 Freshly precipitated hydrate of iron is not at 
 all acted upon by strong solutions of carbonate of 
 potash. (Grotthaus.) Hydrated sesquioxide of 
 iron is not soluble in a concentrated aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonate of potash, but when the solution 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 445 
 
 of a salt of sesquioxide of iron is supersaturated I becomes crystalline, and passes into the hydrate 
 
 with carhrmatfi of notash. the hvdrate, at first, nrn- 2 TV. O_ a H O and is no Imio-pr unlnl.lo in a 
 
 with carbonate of potash, the hydrate at first pre 
 cipitated redissolves : it is again thrown down, 
 however, on heating the solution or diluting it 
 with water. (Thomson's System of Chem., Lon- 
 don, 1831, 2. 779.) Readily soluble in a 'concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia, 
 and is again precipitated when the solution is 
 diluted with water. (Thomson's System of Chem., 
 London, 1831, 2. 777.) When precipitated by 
 carbonate of ammonia, oxide of iron is easily sol- 
 uble in an excess of the precipitant. (Wcehler, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 235.) Completely 
 soluble in a large excess of carbonate of ammo- 
 nia ; on adding pure ammonia to this solution no 
 immediate precipitate is formed, but after some 
 time the sesquioxide separates out completely. 
 (H. Rose, 2V.) Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the alkaline bicarbonates, with combination. 
 (Bcrzelius, Lehrb., 3. 626.) [Compare Carbonate 
 of Iron.] Soluble in aqueous solutions of water- 
 
 glass (acid silicate of soda or potash). 
 See under PnrtOxiDE OF IRON.) 
 
 (Ordway. 
 
 Insoluble in fnmaric acid, even when recently 
 precipitated. When recently precipitated it is 
 easily soluble in an aqueous solution of bitartrate 
 of potash, but after having been dried it is very 
 difficultly soluble therein. So also it is easily sol- 
 uble in tartaric acid while moist, but after drying 
 it is scarcely at all soluble in cold and only very 
 sparingly soluble in boiling tartaric acid. (Wer- 
 ther.) Easily soluble in acetic, citric, and other 
 acids. (Wittstein.) Moist hydrate of sesquioxide 
 of iron is immediately dissolved by sulphurous 
 acid, and even the native hydrate is sensibly solu- 
 ble therein. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 
 78.) Carbonic-acid water takes up scarcely any 
 sesquioxide of iron, except at the instant of its 
 precipitation. This statement refers to well- 
 washed carbonic acid, for if not thus purified, and 
 contaminated with the mineral acid by which it 
 was prepared, it would, of course, exert a solvent 
 action. (Bergman, Essays, 1. pp. 49, 50.) % 
 
 Sparingly soluble in a solution of carbonate ol 
 magnesia. (Bischof.) Insoluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of ethylamin or of amylamin. (Wurtz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 3O. pp. 472, 492.) Solu- 
 ble in a boiling solution of nitrate of bismuth, 
 oxide of bismuth being precipitated. (Persoz, 
 Chim. Afo/tfc., p. 366.) Easily soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the sucrates of lime, baryta, strontia, 
 potash and soda, being at the same time reduced 
 to protoxide, while soluble double sucrates are 
 formed. (Huuton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 
 pp. 155, 156.) Unacted upon by an aqueous 
 solution of cane-sugar. (Gladstone.) Slightly 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of cane-sugar, 
 from which solution the iron can be precipitatec 
 by sulphide of ammonium, but not by caustic 
 ammonia, nor by ferrocyanide of potassium 
 (Pcschier.) 
 
 Many organic substances prevent the precipita- 
 tion of oxide of iron from its solutions : thus, in 
 presence of tartaric acid, sugar, &c., it is not pre 
 cipitated by the alkalies or alkaline carbonates ; in 
 presence of oxalic acid it is not precipitated by 
 ferrocyanide or by sulphocyanide of potassium 
 (Ot. Gr.) It is not precipitated by ammonia from 
 solutions containing pyrophosphate of soda. (H 
 Rose, Pogrj. Ann., 1849, 76. 19-) It is not pre- 
 cipitated by ammonia from solutions containing 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Nor is it precipitated 
 by the alkalies from solutions containing pectic 
 acid. (H. Rose.) 
 
 After standing under water for a long time it 
 
 2 Fe 2 O s , 3 H 0, and is no longer soluble in acet- 
 c acid. (Wittstein.) Dry hydrate of iron which 
 las been exposed for some time to sunlight ceases 
 ;o be soluble in acetic acid. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 
 163.) Hydrated oxide of iron is, in certain cases, 
 either insoluble or but very sparingly soluble in 
 trong acetic acid : according to Trautwein, only 
 the true terhydrate is abundantly soluble. Jan- 
 scnn, on the other hand, thinks that as the basic 
 :hlorhydrates and sulphates of sesquioxide of 
 ron are but sparingly soluble in acetic acid, the 
 presence of these compounds is to be suspected in 
 the difficultly soluble samples of the hydrate. He 
 maintains also that when an excess of alkali has 
 been used to precipitate the hydrate, that the latter 
 contains a portion of the alkali in combination, 
 and that this compound is difficultly soluble in 
 acetic acid. 
 
 When recently precipitated by alkalies in the 
 cold, it is easily soluble in dilute acids. But 
 when prepared by boiling very dilute solutions of 
 its salts, it is but slowly soluble in dilute acids. 
 That also which is deposited from the oxidation 
 of a solution of protoxide of iron exposed to the 
 air is in the difficultly soluble modification. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 199.) If recently pre- 
 cipitated hydrate of iron be boiled with water 
 during 7 or 8 hours its properties will be mate- 
 rially changed, it being now scarcely at all acted 
 upon by boiling concentrated nitric acid, and 
 soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid only after 
 long-continued digestion or boiling. It is soluble, 
 however, in acetic, or dilute chlorhydric, or nitric 
 acids, from which solutions it is precipitated by 
 the addition of small quantities of alkaline salts or 
 of sulphates, or by concentrated chlorhydric or 
 nitric acids, the precipitate thus obtained redissolv- 
 ing on the addition of much water. (Pean de 
 Saint-Gilles, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 47.) If 
 a solution of acetate of sesquioxide of iron is 
 maintained at a temperature approaching 100 
 during several hours, its properties are entirely 
 changed. The addition of a trace of sulphuric 
 acid or of an alkaline salt causes the precipitation 
 of a hydrate of iron which is insoluble in cold 
 acids. Dilute nitric or chlorhydric acids do not 
 precipitate anything from the changed solution of 
 acetate of iron, but when these acids are concen- 
 trated they produce a precipitate which is soluble 
 in pure water after it has been dried ; and the new 
 solution thus obtained is again precipitated by 
 concentrated chlorhydric and nitric acids, but not 
 by alcohol. On the other hand, on the addition 
 of the slightest trace of a salt (even calcareous 
 water) all the hydrate of iron is precipitated, as it 
 is also when the solution is boiled. The compo- 
 sition of this hydrate is probably Fez Os, H O. 
 (Pean de St.-Gilles, loc. cit.) 
 Other hydrates of iron have been described, as, 
 
 2 Fe, 3 , 3 H O Much less easily soluble in acetic 
 and citric acids than the terhy- 
 drate. (Wittstein.) 
 
 IRON with SesquiOxiw OF 
 
 (FerrosoFerric Oxide.) IRON. Insoluble 
 
 Fe s 4 = Fe 0, Fe 2 3 & + H in water. Soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid, 
 
 with decomposition, the Fe being dissolved 
 more rapidly than Fe 2 O 3 . (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 
 710.) Insoluble in nitric acid at the ordinary 
 temperature. (Millon, Ann. Cli. et Phys., (3.) 6. 
 100.) As it occurs in nature (Magnetite) it is in- 
 soluble in nitric acid, but dissolves in hot chlor- 
 hydric acid. 
 
446 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 OXIDE OP ISOPRENE. 
 
 C 10 H 8 
 
 OF LANTHANUM. 
 a = anhydrous. Easily soluble in acids, even 
 La after ignition. The ignited oxide is more 
 readily soluble in dilute nitric acid than 
 oxide of didymium. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 27. 226.) In contact with water it 
 gradually combines with it at the ordinary tem- 
 perature to form the hydrate ; this reaction is 
 very rapid when the water is at 100, and occurs 
 as well with samples which have been heated to 
 whiteness, the oxide not being modified by long- 
 continued ignition. Easily soluble in dilute acids. 
 ( H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, or in alka- 
 line solutions. Easily soluble in dilute acids. 
 Not in the least soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. (Mosander.) Soluble in 
 a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium, with evolution of ammonia. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 <SW>OxiDE OP LEAD. Decomposed, with par- 
 Pb 2 tial solution, by dilute and concentrated 
 acids, and by aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash and soda. 
 
 ProiOxiDE OF LEAD. 
 
 a = anhydrous. 
 PbO 
 
 a = crystalline. Not readily soluble in acids. 
 (Calvert.) Soluble in a hot aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash, from which it separates out again 
 as the solution cools. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 12. 489.) 
 
 I? = amorphous. Not entirely insoluble in water. 
 (Litharge. Massicot.) (Dumas, Tr. ; H. Rose, Tr.) 
 Somewhat soluble in pure 
 water, but insoluble in water which contains even 
 a trace of salt in solution ( Guy ton-Morveau ; H. 
 Rose, Tr.) Litharge dissolves in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of cane-sugar only when very finely pulverized ; 
 it is less soluble therein than red lead. (Peschier.) 
 Soluble to a certain extent in glycerin. An aque- 
 ous solution of glucose can dissolve a large quan- 
 tity of oxide of lead. 
 
 Litharge dissolves almost instantly in a solu- 
 tion of normal acetate of lead kept boiling in a 
 silver basin. (Rochleder.) Readily soluble in 
 acids. (Calvert.) Its best solvents are nitric 
 and acetic acids. Soluble, though somewhat 
 slowly, in a warm aqueous solution of chloride of 
 of ammonium, and also, though still more slowly, 
 in a warm solution of nitrate of ammonia. (H. 
 Rose, Tr.) Soluble in concentrated solutions of 
 the caustic alkalies. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 23. 390.) 
 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of copper, with precipitation of oxide of cop- 
 per; partially soluble in boiling solutions of the 
 nitrates of cadmium and of protoxide of man- 
 ganese, with corresponding precipitation of the 
 oxides of cadmium and manganese. Unacted 
 upon by boiling solutions of the nitrates of mag- 
 nesia, silver, cobalt, nickel, and cerium. (Persoz, 
 Clum. Moltc., pp. 364, 365.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Perceptibly soluble in water. 
 2 Pb HO (Odling.) Soluble in from 10000 to 
 12000 pts. of water. (Yorke.) Sol- 
 uble in about 7000 pts. of water, (v. Bonsdorff, 
 Poyg. Ann., 1837, 41. 307, note.) When pre- 
 pared by the dry way (i. e. litharge) oxide of lead 
 is not sensibly soluble in water, but when pre- 
 pared in the moist way this is by no means the 
 case ; my results accord with those of Bonsdorff, 
 
 who found it soluble in 7000 pts. of water. (Bi- 
 neau, C. R., 41. 509.) 
 
 The presence of carbonic, and sulphuric acids, 
 and of various salts, prevents in great part the 
 solution of oxide of lead. (Morveau.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, soda, lime, 
 and baryta ; on boiling these solutions anhydrous 
 oxide of lead separates out. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 489.) Very, readily soluble, even 
 in dilute alkaline liquors. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 23. 390.) Completely soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash, especially 
 when this is warm ; on strongly evaporating the 
 solution thus obtained a portion of oxide of lead 
 separates in the anhydrous state and does not re- 
 dissolve on cooling. (H. Rose, Tr.) 11 pts. of 
 potash and 13 pts. of soda dissolve 1 pt. of oxide 
 of lead. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Insoluble in am- 
 monia-water, or in a solution of carbonate of am- 
 monia, but it dissolves, both when dry or recently 
 precipitated, in a boiling solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. (Dema^ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 
 11. 251.) Somewhat soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of waterglass (acid silicate of soda or potash). 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 338; compare 
 find., 33. 33.) When recently precipitated, it is 
 soluble in a hot aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 96) ; a free evolution of ammonia occurring when 
 the mixture is boiled. (L. Thompson, Ibid., 
 p. 179.) An excess of caustic ammonia precipi- 
 tates all the lead from this solution. (Brett, Ibid., 
 p. 99.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of hydrate 
 of triethyltoluenylammonium ; of sorbin (Pe- 
 louze) ; and of the acetates (Mercer, Rep. Br. 
 Assoc., 1844, p. 32.) Soluble, with combination, 
 in aqueous solutions of the sucrates of lime, 
 baryta, strontia, potash, and soda. (Hunton, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. pp. 155, 156.) It is not 
 precipitated from solutions which contain citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) Most of the salts of lead 
 which are insoluble in water dissolve in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 OP LEAD. Insoluble in water, 
 Pb 3 8 = Pb 0, Pb Oj, or in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. Protoxide of 
 lead is dissolved out from it by nitric, sulphuric, 
 fluorhydric, and acetic acids. Chlorhydric acid 
 dissolves it completely in the cold, from which it 
 may be reprecipitated by alkalies, but in the 
 course of a few minutes the solution undergoes 
 decomposition, chlorine being evolved. Decom- 
 posed by oxalic and formic acids. (Wickelblech, 
 Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. pp. 29, 31 ; compare 
 Jacquelain, J. pr. Ch., 1851, 53. 153.) 
 
 " RED OXIDE OF LEAD." Protoxide of lead is 
 (Minium. Mixture of Protoxide of Lead d issolved 
 (Pb 0) and Peroxide of Lead (Pb 0,) ; as, mlf f rfirn ;t 
 Pb 3 4 =2PbO,Pb0 2 ) by d?lte 
 
 nitric and sulphuric acids, also by the weaker 
 acids, as acetic acid. It is not decomposed by 
 oxalic acid. (Level.) Concentrated acetic acid 
 combines with it (as a whole), forming a com- 
 pound which is soluble in acetic acid ; this solu- 
 tion when left to itself gradually deposits peroxide 
 of lead, and this is also at once precipitated when 
 the solution is diluted with water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 2. 620.) The solution of minium in acetic 
 acid may either remain clear, or become cloudy 
 from decomposition, according to the strength of 
 the acid employed. When treated with an excess 
 of acetic acid of 8B. minium is quickly dissolved, 
 but in the course of a few minutes the solution 
 undergoes decomposition, with separation of per- 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 447 
 
 oxide of lead. This decomposition may be facili- 
 tated by adding water to the solution. But if the 
 minium be treated with a large excess of crystal- 
 lizable acetic acid, solution occurs much more 
 rapidly than before, and the resulting liquid may 
 be preserved unchanged for months if ' atmos- 
 pheric moisture be excluded. On warming acetic 
 acid with an excess of minium to about 40, the 
 liquor deposits on cooling acetate of peroxide of 
 lead, a compound decomposable by water. (Jac- 
 quelain, J. pr. Ch., 1851, 53. 152.) Red lead is 
 more abundantly soluble than litharge in an aque- 
 ous solution of cane-sugar. (Peschier.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF LEAD. (See also PLUMBIC 
 Pb 2 ACID.) Insoluble in water. ^Decomposed 
 by cold chlorhydric, cyanhydric, brom- 
 hydric, and iodhydric acids. Other strong acids 
 do not attack it in the cold, but when hot they de- 
 compose it. Insoluble in moderately strong nitric, 
 sulphuric, or acetic acids. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in nitrate of dinoxide of mercury. (Le- 
 vol.) Decomposed by ammonia- water. 
 
 OXIDE OF LEAD & OF SILVER. Easily soluble 
 2 Pb 0, Ag in nitric acid. Insoluble in a solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. (Wcehler.) 
 
 OXIDE OF LEAD with OXTGUANIN. Ppt. 
 
 OXIDE OF LITHIUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Slowly soluble in water, with 
 Li o but slight disengagement of heat. ( Troost, 
 Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 51. 115.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Does not deliquesce in the air. 
 LiO, HO (Arfvedson.) Hygroscopic. (Troost.) 
 Slowly soluble in water. (Troost.) 
 Much less soluble than hydrate of potash or of 
 soda, and apparently not more soluble in hot than 
 in cold water. (C. Gmelin.) More soluble than 
 hydrate of baryta in water. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohol (Gmelin), by which it is partially 
 precipitated from the aqueous solution. 
 
 PerOxiDE OF LITHIUM. 
 Li0 2 
 
 OXIDE OF LcTEoCoBALT. Known only in 
 aqueous solution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 35. 281 ; Gibbs & Genth, Smitlison. Contrib., 
 vol. 9. p. 48.) The salts of luteocobalt are gener- 
 ally more soluble in water than the corresponding 
 salts of roseocobalt ; they are usually very stable 
 in the presence of acids, hut are decomposed by 
 long heating with sulphuric acid. When hydrated 
 they usually effloresce in dry air. (G. & G., Ibid., 
 p. 35.) They possess considerable stability, and 
 resist the action of boiling water during some 
 time, so that by working quickly they may be dis- 
 solved in boiling water and purified by crystalliza- 
 tion, without being decomposed. (Fremy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 280.) 
 
 OXIDE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 (Magnesia.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Less soluble in water than 
 Mg oxide of silver, protoxide of lead, or prot- 
 oxide of mercury (Hg O), since it requires 
 from 50000 to 100000 pts. of water to dissolve it. 
 If carbonic acid be present it is much more readily 
 soluble. (Bineau, C. R., 41. 510.) Soluble in 
 55368' pts. of water either boiling or at the ordi- 
 nary temperature. The experiments of which this 
 number is the mean were made upon chemically 
 pure Mg O, which had been prepared with great 
 care. " The varying results obtained by previous 
 observers, probably depend upon impurities in the 
 Mg O used by them." (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1846, 59. 123.) Soluble in 16000 pts. of 
 water at the ordinary temperature. (Dalton, in 
 
 his New System, Pt. 2. p. 516.) Soluble in 7900 
 pts. of cold water. (Kirwan.) Soluble in 5760 
 pts. of water at 15.5, and in 36000 pts. of water at 
 100. (Fyfe, Edinburgh Joum., 5. 305 [T.].) 
 Easily soluble in sulphurous acid, even in the cold 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 75), and in 
 acids generally. As it occurs in nature (Peri- 
 clase Mg O with 0.04 pt. of Fe 0) anhydrous 
 oxide of magnesium is insoluble in acids, unless it 
 be in fine powder, and the acid warm, in which case 
 it dissolves slowly. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 445.) 
 
 Magnesia which has not been heated above 300 
 evolves much heat when treated with water, but 
 that which has been ignited even to dull redness 
 does not evolve heat with water. It dissolves 
 readily in acids, even in dilute sulphuric acid, the 
 action being somewhat slower in case the mag- 
 nesia has been strongly heated ; after having been 
 exposed to the heat of a porcelain furnace it dis- 
 solves very slowly in acids. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 Insoluble in water. Only slowly soluble in 
 acids. (Bergman, Essays,]., pp. 431,457.) Slowly 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of ammoniacal salts, 
 with evolution of ammonia. (Ibid., p. 432.) Sol- 
 uble in boiling aqueous solutions of the nitrates of 
 manganese, silver, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and cerium, 
 the oxides contained in these salts being, mean- 
 while, precipitated. (Persoz, Chim. Molc., p. 365.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble in 5142 pts. of water at 
 MgO,HO 15.5 (Fyfe); in5800pts. of water at 15.5. 
 (O. Henry.) The presence in water of 
 lime, sulphate of lime, or potash, does not interfere 
 with its solvent action upon hydrate of magnesia. 
 (0. Henry.) Soluble in ammonia-water, but in- 
 soluble in a solution of potash. (Odling.) Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium, 
 and of other ammoniacal salts. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of amylamiu. 
 (Wurtz.) Slightly soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of waterglass (acid silicate of soda or potash). 
 (Bolley ; compare Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (3.) 32. 
 338 ; 33. 33.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 cane-sugar. 
 
 Boiling alcohol dissolves a trace of it. (Bonas- 
 tre.) None of the earths above, i. e. more electro- 
 negative than, magnesia are soluble in alcohol. 
 The native hydrate (Brucite = Mg 0, H O) is 
 soluble in acids. 
 
 Pro^OxiDE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 (Manganous Oxide.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Oxidizes when exposed to the 
 MnO air. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 acids. 
 
 Readily soluble in a solution of chloride of am- 
 monium when this is gently heated, with evolution 
 of ammonia. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Rapidly oxidized by the air. 
 Mn 0, H Insoluble in water or in alkaline solu- 
 tions. Easily soluble in acids. Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of ammoniacal salts. 
 
 Insoluble in ammonia-water, or in a solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia. It dissolves, however, 
 both when recently precipitated or dry, in -a boil- 
 ing solution of chloride of ammonium. (Demar- 
 9ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 251.) Readily 
 soluble, even in the cold, in aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium and nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 98, 335.) 
 In presence of ammoniacal salts hydrate of man- 
 ganese is not completely precipitated by caustic 
 potash or ammonia in the cold, but the precipitated 
 hydrate is nevertheless much less readily soluble 
 than the hydrate of magnesia in solutions of am- 
 moniacal salts. (H. Rose, Tr.) The presence 
 
448 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 of non-volatile organic substances may prevent the 
 caustic alkalies from precipitating it from its solu- 
 tions ; thus, in presence of tartaric acid it is not 
 precipitated by ammonia. (H. Rose, Tr.) Slight- 
 ly soluble in an aqueous solution of waterglass 
 (acid silicate of soda or potash). (Ordway, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 32. 338; compare Ibid., 33. 33.) It 
 is not precipitated by caustic potash from solutions 
 which contain cane-sugar. (Lassaignc.) It is 
 not precipitated by potash from solutions contain- 
 ing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of amylamin. (Wurtz.) 
 
 Most of its salts are soluble in water ; all of 
 them are soluble in chlorhydric acid and in dilute 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 SesquiOxivE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 (Manganic Oxide.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Decomposed by boiling with 
 Mn 2 O s nitric acid. ^Berthier) ; or with sul- 
 phuricacid. (Turner.) Soluble, without 
 decomposition [or rather with only very slight 
 decomposition], in cold chlorhydric acid, and in 
 sulphuric acid when this is gently warmed. When 
 these solutions are heated, it is reduced to the prot- 
 oxide. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 760.) When per- 
 fectly pure, neither the sesquioxide itself nor its 
 hydrate dissolves in sulphuric acid, either cold or 
 hot, but if it contain any of the protoxide, solution 
 occurs. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium at the ordinary tempera- 
 ture, but after long-continued boiling with a con- 
 centrated solution, a small portion of it is reduced 
 to protoxide, which dissolves. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 b = Mn 2 O s , H Occurs native as the mineral 
 
 (Gray Oxide of Manganese. Manganite which is sol- 
 
 G ray Manganese Ore.) uble in chlorhydric acid, 
 
 with evolution of chlo- 
 
 rine, but insoluble in nitric acid. 
 
 c = hydrated. Insoluble in water. When pure 
 Mn 2 3 ,3IIO it is insoluble in sulphuric acid 
 [see above, a], though when heated 
 with the concentrated acid it combines with it to 
 form the insoluble green sulphate of the sesqui- 
 oxide. (H. Rose, Tr.) Very easily soluble in 
 tartaric and citric acids. (Schubarth, Tech.) In- 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium at the ordinary temperature. (H. Rose, 
 Tr.) Insoluble in an aqueous solution of cane- 
 sugar. (Peschier.) 
 
 OF MANGANESE with BagutOxiDB 
 
 OF MANGANESE. 
 
 Insoluble in water. 
 
 Soluble only in 
 hot concentrated phosphoric acid, and in small 
 quantity in cold concentrated sulphuric, chlorhy- 
 dric, oxalic, and tartaric acids. 
 
 When treated with a dilute acid, particularly 
 nitric acid, it is decomposed, Mn O being dis- 
 solved while hydrated peroxide remains undis- 
 solved. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 761.) Unacted 
 upon by a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. Decomposed by acids, even dilute, 
 protoxide of manganese being dissolved out. 
 (Otto.) 
 PerOxiDE OF MANGANESE. Vid. Manganate 
 
 (Black Oxide f Manganese. of Manganese. 
 Bin Oxide of Manganese. ) 
 3 Mn 2 = Mn 2 3 , Mn 3 
 
 OXIDE OF MERCURAi,i/YL(hydrated). Soluble 
 (Oxide of HydrargAllyl.) in water. (Zinin.) 
 
 OXIDE OF MEHCUR(IC)AMMONIUM with prot- 
 
 H 8 rv.9Ho.04.2An OxiDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 ! 
 
 (ManganosoManganic Oxide.) 
 Mn s 4 = Mn O, Mn 2 O 3 & 4 Aq 
 
 a 1 H 8 rv.9Ho.04.2An 
 
 N . O; 2 Hg Aq 
 
 cess of an aqueous solution of carbonate of am- 
 monia. Soluble in warm chlorhydric acid. 
 (Wittstein.) 
 
 OXIDE OF fo'MERCUR(tc)AMMONiUM with prot- 
 ( OxldoAmidide of Mercury. O X I D E OF 
 
 Ammonite of Mercury.) MERCURY. 
 
 N {2kg-i 2H 8 &+ Aq&3Aq Insoluble in 
 
 water, or al- 
 
 cohol. Very readily soluble in warm aqueous 
 solutions of nitrate of ammonia, and chloride of 
 ammonium, with decomposition in both cases ; it 
 is also soluble in solutions of sulphate, acetate, and 
 oxalate of ammonia. Traces of it are dissolved 
 by ammonia-water. (Millon, Ann. Ch. el Phys., 
 (3.) 18. 396.) Decomposed to a certain extent 
 by aqueous- solutions of the alkaline chlorides, 
 with formation of protochloride of mercury 
 (Hg Cl), which dissolves; this decomposition is 
 greater in hot than in cold solutions. (Mialhe, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 180.) 
 
 OXIDE OF MERCUR(oMs)ETiiYL(hydrated). 
 (Hydrated Oxide of Hydrarg Ethyl.) Readily soluble 
 
 O 4 H s Hg 2 0, H in water, and al- 
 
 cohol. 
 
 OF MERCURY. Insoluble in water, 
 
 (SubO.ride of Mercury. Black Oxide of Mer- although 
 cury. Improperly protOxide of Mercury.) jj Jig^j 
 
 Hg O - . 
 
 disagree- 
 
 able taste. (Dumas, Tr.) Insoluble in alcohol, 
 or in ether. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 97) ; a very free evolution of ammonia occurring 
 when the mixture is boiled (L. Thompson, Ibid., 
 p. 179) ; less soluble in a solution of nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, loc. cit.) When treated with 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline chlorides it is 
 decomposed to a certain extent, with formation of 
 protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl), which dissolves ; 
 this decomposition is greater in hot than in cold 
 solutions, but is in either instance very much 
 less marked than is the case with the protoxide 
 (Hg O), hence a method is afforded of distinguish- 
 ing between the two oxides and their respective 
 salts. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 178, 
 et serj.,& 186.) Somewhat soluble in cold aque- 
 ous solutions of the alkaline cyanides. (Jahn, 
 Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 164 (note).) Insoluble 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic potash or ammo- 
 nia. Insoluble in cold dilute nitric acid. (H. 
 Rose, Tr.) Partially soluble, with decomposition, 
 in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium, 
 and of carbonate of ammonia. Insoluble in dilute 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble in strong acetic acid. 
 
 Those of its salts which are insoluble in water 
 are for the most part soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 ProzOxiDE OF MERCURY. 
 (Red Oxide of Mercury. Improperly 
 per(or bin) Oxide of Mercury.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Permanent. Whether pre- 
 Hg pared in the dry or in the wet way, it is sol- 
 uble in from 20000 to 30000 pts. of water. 
 (Bineau, C. R., 41. 509.) Slightly soluble in 
 boiling water. (Donovan.) Water dissolves 
 traces *bf it. Insoluble in alcohol. (Wittstein's 
 Handw. ) 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble in water. When treated 
 with aqueous solutions of the alkaline chlorides it 
 is decomposed to a certain extent, with formation 
 of protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl), which dis- 
 solves ; this decomposition is greater in hot than 
 in cold solutions, and is in any event much more 
 strongly marked than is the case with the din- 
 oxide ; hence a method of distinguishing between 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 449 
 
 the two oxides and their salts, is afforded. 
 (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 177, et seg. & 
 186.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium, especially when this is hot (Brett, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97) ; a very free evolution 
 of ammonia occurring when the mixture is boiled. 
 (L. Thompson, Ibid., p. 179.) Also soluble in a 
 solution of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, loc. cit.) 
 Soluble in boiling aqueous solutions of the nitrates 
 of sesquioxide of iron and of bismuth, with pre- 
 cipitation of the oxides of iron and bismuth. (Per- 
 soz, Chim. Molec., p. 366.) Scarcely at all acted 
 upon by a boiling aqueous solution of oxalic acid. 
 (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 352.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Sparingly soluble in cold, some- 
 
 Hg 0, 3 H what more abundantly soluble in hot 
 
 water. (Anthon, Marchand, Bou- 
 
 det, Gossman.) Slightly soluble in water. 
 
 (Thompson.) Insoluble in ammonia- water. 
 
 Soluble in boiling baryta- water. (Bucholz.) 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of caustic or car- 
 bonated fixed alkalies. (H. Rose, 7V.) When 
 recently precipitated it is readily soluble, with 
 combination, in a cold aqueous solution of oxalic 
 acid. After the precipitate has been allowed to 
 become dry it is somewhat less readily dissolved 
 by oxalic acid. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 18. 352.) Partially soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonate of ammonia. (Weppen, from 
 Arch. d. Pharm., (2.) 9. 236 ; in J. pr. Ch., 
 1837, 11. 183.) Somewhat soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of waterglass (acid silicate of soda or 
 potash). (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 338; 
 compare Ibid., 33. 33.) It is not precipitated by 
 carbonate of soda, from solutions which contain 
 chloride of sodium. (E. O. Brown.) Chloride of 
 sodium hinders its precipitation from a solution of 
 the chloride by the alkalies. (Voit.) It is not 
 precipitated from solutions which contain citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 For the influence of organic matters in prevent- 
 ing the precipitation of oxide of mercury by the 
 alkalies see H. Rose's Traite, 1. 185. 
 
 Those of the salts of protoxide of mercury which 
 are insoluble in water are nearly all soluble in 
 nitric and chlorhydric acids ; some of them are 
 also soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium and of nitrate of ammonia. 
 
 Almost all the salts of protoxide of mercury 
 which are insoluble in water are soluble, when 
 recently precipitated, in aqueous solutions of the 
 chlorides of ammonium and sodium. (Wacken- 
 roder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. pp. 316, 317.) 
 Many salts of both the oxides of mercury are de- 
 composed by water to acid and basic salts. 
 
 ProiOxiDE OF MERCURY with UREA. 
 
 I.) 2HgO;C 2 H 4 N 2 2 
 
 II.) 3HgO; C 2 H 4 N 2 2 Insoluble in boiling 
 water. (Liebig,/. Ch. 
 <S'oc., 6. 3.) 
 
 III.) 4 Hg 0; C 2 H 4 N 8 2 Insoluble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 OXIDE OF MESITTLC?) Insoluble in water. 
 C 12 H 19 2 Miscible in all proportions with alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Fittig.) 
 
 OXIDE OF METHYL. Water dissolves 37 vol- 
 
 (Methyl(ic) Etfier. Wood Ether, umes of it at 18. 
 Isomeric with Hydrate of Ethyl.) (Dumas & PeligOt.) 
 C 2 H 3 O, or " {{3 t Q 2 Alcohol and wood- 
 
 spirit dissolve much 
 
 more of it. Largely soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which it separates on the addi- 
 tion of water. 
 
 57 
 
 OXIDE OF METHYL & OF OCTYL. Insoluble 
 
 in water. Readily sol- 
 ^ in ^^ 
 
 ether. 
 
 MethylCapryhc Ether) 
 
 OXIDE OF METHYL & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 (Methylate of Potash.) 
 ^J0 2 
 
 OXIDE OF METHYL & OF SODIUM. 
 
 OXIDE OF METHYL & OF TOLUENYL. 
 
 (Methyl Toluenyl Ether.) 
 
 OXIDE OF METHYL with ZINCMETHYL. 
 2 C 4 H,, Zn 2 ; C 4 H 6 O 2 
 
 OXIDE OF METHYLcMojtf. Vid. Oxide of 
 
 ChloroMethyl. 
 
 OXIDE OF frzMETHYLPltOSPHIN. 
 P j (C 2 H 3 ) 3 , 2 
 
 OXIDE OF feZraMETHYLPnospHiN. Vid. Hy- 
 drate of teZraMethylPhosphin. 
 
 Pro<OxiDE OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 (Molybdous Oxide-.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water, acids, or 
 Mb alkaline solutions. 
 
 6 = hydrated. Difficultly soluble in acids. 
 When recently precipitated it is soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia, but is 
 insoluble in solutions of the caustic or carbonated 
 fixed alkalies. (Dumas, TV.) Difficultly soluble 
 in acids. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies or of the fixed alkaline carbonates. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia, from which it is precipitated on boiling. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 348.) 
 
 OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 (Molybdic Oxide. Brown or 
 Violet-Brown Oxide ofM.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. After ignition it is insoluble in 
 Mb 2 acids. When digested with boiling con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, or a solution of 
 bitartrate of potash, a trace of it dissolves at 
 first, but none of it is dissolved subsequently by 
 these liquids. Nitric acid converts it into molyb- 
 dic acid. Neither chlorhydric nor fluorhydric acid 
 have any action upon it. Nor is it dissolved by 
 potash-lye. 
 
 b = hydrated. When recently precipitated it 
 Mb 2 , HO is sparingly soluble in pure water. 
 Slightly soluble in alcohol, but far 
 less readily than in water. Less soluble in saline 
 solutions, in ammonia-water, or a solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium than in water. After having 
 been dried, the hydrate is no longer soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. When once precipitated it is 
 only very sparingly soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of an alkaline carbonate, but if a solution of a salt 
 of binoxide of molybdenum is treated with an 
 excess of a solution of an alkaline carbonate, the 
 precipitate which at first forms (and which is not 
 a carbonate) will be completely dissolved. Solu- 
 tions of the alkaline bicarbonates dissolve it more 
 readily than those of the monocarbonates ; it is 
 partially reprecipitated when these solutions are 
 boiled and completely precipitated from its solu- 
 tion in carbonate of ammonia on boiling. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 2. pp. 349-351.) 
 " OLIVE GREEN " ( OXIDES OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 and ] Vid. Molybdate of Molyb- 
 
 " BLUE." ( denum. 
 
450 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 TVrOxiDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Vid. Molybdic 
 Acid. 
 
 ProtOxiDE OF NICKEL. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 Ni soluble in chlorhydric acid, and in the acids 
 generally, even after having been ignited, 
 though, as a rule, it has less affinity for acids than 
 oxide of cobalt. Very slowly soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 caustic potash or soda. Ignited oxide of nickel 
 resists the solvent action of a solution of chloride 
 of ammonium to an extraordinary degree, though 
 the recently precipitated hydrate is easily soluble 
 therein. (H. Rose, TV.) The native oxide of 
 nickel described by Bergemann is scarcely at all 
 soluble in acids. 
 
 Those of its salts which are insoluble in water 
 dissolve for the most part in chlorhydric or sul- 
 phuric acid. 
 
 6 = hydrated. Permanent. Almost entirely in- 
 NiO, HO soluble in water. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 136.) Slightly soluble in water. 
 (Tupputi.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 cyanide of potassium. (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. 
 May., 1834, (3.) 4. 97.) Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia and in ammo- 
 nia-water ; also soluble, either when dry or recently 
 precipitated, in a boiling solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. (Demar^ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 
 11. 251.) Insoluble in solutions of caustic pot- 
 ash or of soda. Or of methylamin or amylamin. 
 (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. pp. 452, 
 492.) It is not precipitated by caustic potash 
 from solutions containing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 A very large number of non-volatile organic sub- 
 stances, and particularly tartaric acid, prevent the 
 precipitation of hydrate of nickel from its solu- 
 tions by the alkalies. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 (Sew//OxiDB OF NICKEL. 
 
 (Per Oxide of Nickel.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 
 Ni 2 3 in nitric, sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids, 
 
 also in ammonia-water, and a solution of 
 
 carbonate of ammonia, with reduction to the prot- 
 
 oxide in each case. 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble in dilute acids, being 
 Ni 2 O s , 3 H reduced to the protoxide. ( Winck- 
 elblech.) Slowly soluble in acetic 
 acid, being reduced meanwhile to the state of 
 protoxide. (H. Rose, Tr.) Insoluble in a solu- 
 tion of potash, but soluble in solutions of ammo- 
 nia and of ammonia-salts. (Odling.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF NICKEL. 
 
 OF NITROGEN. 
 
 (Nitrous Oxide.) 
 
 a = liquid. When mixed, in the liquid state, 
 N with water, it causes the latter to freeze ; so 
 also with concentrated sulphuric or nitric 
 acids. Miscible with alcohol, and with ether. 
 
 b = gas. At the ordinary temperature, water 
 absorbs 0.78 @ 0.86 vol. of it. ( W. Henry.) 
 " 0.80 vol. of it. (Dalton.) 
 " 0.76 " (Th. de Sanssure.) 
 
 " 0.54 " (H- Davy.) 
 
 at 18 0.708 " (Pleischl.) 
 
 On boiling the aqueous solution, the gas is evolved 
 unchanged. (Priestley.) 
 
 Water absorbs about 80% (by vol.) of it. Davy 
 makes it only 54%, but he was not aware that the 
 quantity is increased in proportion to the purity of 
 the residuary gas ; Dr. Henry finds from 78 to 
 86%. (Dalton, in his New System, Pt. 2. 342.) 
 
 1 vol. of water, under a 
 
 pressure of Om.76 of 
 
 mercury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves of nitrous oxide 
 gas, vols , reduced to 
 0C. and Om. 76 press- 
 ure of mercury. 
 
 1.3052 
 
 1 1.2605 
 
 2 1.2172 
 
 3 1.1752 
 
 4 1.1346 
 
 5 1.0954 
 
 6 . 1.0575 
 
 7 1.0210 
 
 8 0.9858 
 
 9 0.9520 
 
 10 0.9196 
 
 11 0.8885 
 
 12 0.8588 
 
 13 0.8304 
 
 14 0.8034 
 
 15 0.7778 
 
 16 0.7535 
 
 17 0.7306 
 
 18 0.7090 
 
 19 0.6888 
 
 20 0.6700 
 
 21 0.6525 
 
 22 0.6364 
 
 23 0.6216 
 
 24 0.6082 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 287, 128, 158.) 
 
 1 vol. of alcohol, un- Dissolves of nitrous oxide 
 
 der a pressure of On>.76 gas, vols., reduced to 
 
 of mercury, at C. 0C. and O m .76 pressure 
 
 of mercury. 
 
 4.1780 
 
 ] 4.1088 
 
 2 ' 4.0409 
 
 3' 3.9741 
 
 4 3.9085 
 
 5 3.8442 
 
 6 3.7811 
 
 7 3.7192 
 
 8 3.6585 
 
 9 3.5990 
 
 10 3.5408 
 
 11 3.4838 
 
 12 3.4279 
 
 13 3.3734 
 
 14 3.3200 
 
 15 3.2678 
 
 16 3.2169 
 
 17 3.1672 
 
 18 3.1187 
 
 19 3.0714 
 
 20 3.0253 
 
 21 2.9805 
 
 22 2.9368 
 
 23 2.8944 
 
 24 2.8532 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 287, 128, 159.) 
 
 Absorb at 18 and 
 100 volumes the ordinary pressure, 
 
 of vols. of N 
 Water 76 
 
 AlcoholofO.840sp.gr 153 
 
 Rectified naphtha (rock oil) of 0.784 sp. gr. 254 
 Oil of laveuder (freshly distilled) of 0.880 sp. gr. 275 
 Olive-oil of 0.915 sp. gr. 150 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution l 
 of chloride of potassium (con- > of 1.212 sp. gr. 29. 
 taining 26 per cent of K Cl ) 
 
 (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1814, 47. 
 pp. 167, 169,) 
 
 1 vol. of oil of turpentine absorbs from 2.5 to 
 2.7 vols. of it. (Saussure, in Gm., 14. 270.) It 
 is not absorbed by aqueous solutions of salts of 
 the protoxide of iron. 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 451 
 
 BmOxiDE or NITROGEN. 1 vol. of water at 
 (Deut Oxide of Nitrogen, the ordinary temperature 
 mtric Oxide.) absorbs 0.1 vol. of it (H. 
 
 * 2 Davy) ; about 0.05 vol. of 
 
 it. (Henry, Phil. Trans., 1803, p. 274. [T.].) 
 1 vol. of water, free from air, absorbs about -^ 
 [= 0.0556] vol. of it ; but only -^ [= 0.037] of 
 it can be expelled again by other gas, whence it 
 would seem that a small portion of the gas ac- 
 tually combines with the water, while the greater 
 part is, like most other gases, mechanically re- 
 tained by external pressure. (Dalton, in his New 
 System, Ft. 2. p. 334.) 
 
 
 'Dissolves of 
 
 1 vol. of al- 
 
 nitric oxide gas, 
 
 cohol, under 
 
 vols., re- 
 
 a pressure of 
 
 duced to 0O. 
 
 Om.76 of mer- 
 
 and Om.76 
 
 cury, at C. 
 
 pressure of 
 
 
 mercury. 
 
 ... 
 
 0.31606 
 
 1 
 
 0.31262 
 
 2 
 
 0.30928 
 
 3 
 
 0.30604 
 
 4 
 
 0.30290 
 
 5 
 
 0.29985 
 
 6 
 
 0.29690 
 
 7 
 
 0.29405 
 
 8 
 
 0.29130 
 
 9 
 
 0.28865 
 
 10 
 
 0.28609 
 
 11 
 
 0.28363 
 
 12 
 
 0.28127 
 
 13 
 
 0.27901 
 
 14 
 
 0.27685 
 
 15 
 
 0.27478 
 
 16 
 
 0.27281 
 
 17 
 
 0.27094 
 
 18 
 
 0.26917 
 
 19 
 
 0.26750 
 
 20 
 
 0.26592 
 
 21 
 
 0.26444 
 
 22 
 
 0.26306 
 
 23 
 
 0.26178 
 
 24 . 
 
 . 0.26060 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 287, 128, 159.) 
 Alcohol absorbs nearly its own volume of nitric 
 oxide ; this cannot be expelled by heating. 
 (Priestley.) Caoutchin absorbs a small quantity 
 of it. (Himly.) Absorbed by glacial acetic acid, 
 and by a strong solution of tartaric acid. 
 
 Rapidly absorbed by strong aqueous solutions 
 of certain salts of protoxide of iron, particularly 
 the protosulphate. (Priestley.) 1 vol. of a solu- 
 tion of protosulphate of iron, containing 1 grain of 
 the salt in every 6 grain measures, and of 1.081 
 sp. gr., was found to absorb 6 vols. of nitric oxide 
 gas. (Dalton, in his Neio System, Pt. 2. p. 335.) 
 Also soluble in solutions of the salts of protoxide 
 of tin ; and of protoxide of chromium. (Pe'ligot.) 
 It is not absorbed by a solution of persulphate of 
 iron. (Dalton, loc. cit.) Priestley found that 130 
 ounce measures of nitric oxide, over water, disap- 
 peared in a day or two, when a phial containing 
 96 water grain measures of strong nitric acid was 
 enclosed with the gas. Davy's experiments indi- 
 cate that less of it is absorbed by dilute than by 
 concentrated nitric acid. (Dalton, loc. cit., pp. 
 326, 327.) By repeated trials, Dalton found that 
 100 vols. of ni'tric acid of 1.30 sp. gr. agitated with 
 nitric oxide take up about 20 times their volume 
 of the gas. If the acid be twice as strong, or 
 but half as strong, it makes little difference, the 
 quantity of gas absorbed being nearly as the real 
 acid, within certain limits of sp. gr. Very dilute 
 
 acid (as 1 to 100 water) seems to have scarcely 
 any more power than pure water of absorbing the 
 gas. (Dalton, loc. cit., p. 366.) 100 pts. of nitric 
 acid of 1.4 sp. gr. absorb 90 pts. of it. (Priestley, 
 in Berzelius's Lehrb., 1. 523.) Soluble in bromine, 
 and, very sparingly, in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Berthelot.) 
 
 .B/nOxiDE OF NITROGEN with SULPHITE OF 
 N 2 ; K 0, S 2 POTASH. Easily soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, 
 Lefirb.,3. 119.) 
 
 OXIDE OF OCTYL. 
 
 ( Oxide of Capryl. Caprylic Ether.) 
 C 10 H 17 0,org^Jo 2 
 
 OXIDE OF OCTYL & OF PELARGOYL. Easily 
 
 (Pelargone. Pclargyride of Octyl.) soluble in ether. 
 C 84 H 34 2 = p 18 {Mo 2 (Cahours, .7. Ch. 
 
 Cl H "> &c.,3.241.) 
 
 OXIDE OF OCTYL & OF POTASSIUM. Decom- 
 GW H i7 1 o posed by water. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et 
 K * 2 Phys., (3.) 44.112.) 
 
 OXIDE OF OCTYL & OF SODIUM. More solu- 
 GIC H i? I o bl e i c0 ^ than in warm alcohol 
 Na > 2 (hydrate of octyl). (Bouis, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 44. 112.) 
 
 ProiOxiDE OF OSMIUM. 
 
 a = Os 
 
 6 = hydrated. Slightly soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash. Slowly but completely 
 soluble in acids. (Berzelius.) 
 
 /Ses^M'OxiDE OF OSMIUM. Sparingly soluble 
 Os in acids. Soluble in ammonia-water, and 
 in aqueous solutions of the fixed caustic 
 alkalies. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 " BLUE OXIDE OF OSMIUM." When dry it is 
 
 ( Osmiate of Osmium.) insoluble in water, but after 
 
 having been moistened and 
 
 exposed to the air a portion of it dissolves in 
 
 water. Soluble in sulphuric acid. 
 
 JBmOxiDE OF OSMIUM. 
 
 a == Os 2 Insoluble in acids. 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in acids. Partially 
 soluble in a cold aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 potash, from which it is precipitated when the 
 solution is boiled. 
 
 TerOxiDE OF OSMIUM. Not isolated. Soln- 
 ( osmious Acid.-) ble in an aqueous solution of caus- 
 Os O s tic potash. 
 
 OXIDE OF " OXYCOBALTIAQUE "(of Fremy). 
 Not 'isolated. The salts of oxycobaltiaque are 
 usuallv only slightly soluble in an ammoniacal 
 liauor They are decomposed, with effervescence, 
 by cold water, and more rapidly by hot water. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 270.) 
 
 Z)mOxiDE OF PALLADIUM(?) Decomposed 
 P,, A bv acids, salts of the protoxide being 
 
 2 formed. (Kane, Phil. Trans., 1842, p. 279.) 
 
 ProJOxiDE OF PALLADIUM. 
 (P a'fa"^S. Difficultly soluble in acids 
 Pd0 being dissolved only after long-continued 
 boiling. 
 
 7, = hydrated. Easily soluble in acids. Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia carbon- 
 Se of ammonia, and, still more readi y, of chloride 
 of ammonium (Fischer); also in solutions of the 
 causc and carbonated alkalies (Berzelius) ; also 
 in solutions of the. alkaline bicarbonates. (H. 
 T?np Tr } Easily soluble in a cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, from which it is rcprecipi- 
 
452 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 tatcd on heating. Insoluble in aqueous solutions 
 of biborate or phosphate of soda. (Glaus, Bei- 
 triige, pp. 34, 38.) 
 
 Those of its salts which are insoluble in water 
 are soluble in ammonia-water. (Fischer.) 
 
 ZftnOxiDE OF PALLADIUM. 
 a = Pd0 2 
 
 b = hydrated. Only slowly soluble in acids, 
 even when it is moist. 
 
 OXIDE OF PARACACODYL. Very sparingly 
 C 4 H 6 As soluble in water. Towards other 
 solvents it behaves like oxide of 
 cacodyl, q. v. (Bunsen.) 
 
 .B/nOxiDE OF PIIENTL. Vld. OxyPhenic 
 Acid. 
 
 OXIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. There are two al- 
 (Phosphorlc Oxide.) lotropic modifications. " 
 P 2 O 
 
 I.) . " Red modification" Insoluble in water, 
 alcohol, ether, volatile or fixed oils, or bisulphide 
 of carbon. (Leverrier.) Its compounds with the 
 alkalies are sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) |. " Yellow modification." Very sparingly 
 or " Hydrate of Phosphoric Oxide." soluble in water. 
 PjO.HO (Leverrier.) In- 
 
 soluble in alcohol, 
 
 or ether. Soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash, from which it is precipitated on the addi- 
 tion of alcohol. (Otto-Graham.) 
 
 OXIDE OF PHOSPHORUS & OF POTASSIUM. 
 P 2 0, K Insoluble in water. Slightly soluble in 
 alcohol. Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash ; but when left in contact 
 therewith it is gradually dissolved, with decom- 
 position, especially if the solution is warm. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 3. 137.) 
 
 OXIDE OF PICRAMYL. Vid. Hydride of Ben- 
 zoyl. 
 OXIDE OF PLATIN(ZC)&ZAMIN. Not isolated. 
 
 OXIDE OF PLATIN(Z'C)AMMONIUM. Nearly in- 
 (Platinamin(of Gerhardt). soluble in boiling water. 
 N { pt 3 '' 2 + 2 Aq Easily soluble in hot di- 
 
 lute acids, even in acetic 
 
 acid, with combination, forming salts which are 
 sparingly soluble in water. Boiling potash lye 
 neither dissolves nor decomposes it. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 OXIDE OF dt'PLATIN(ic)AMMONIUM. 
 (Fulminating Platinum.) 
 
 I.) hydrated. Easily soluble, with combination, 
 N \ Pt 2 '< . 0, H O + 2 Aq chlorhydric acid. Ace- 
 
 t tic acid precipitates it 
 
 from the solution obtained 
 
 by dissolving chloroplatinate of ammonium in 
 boiling caustic soda. (Gerhardt, in his Traite', 
 1856, 4. 620 (note).) 
 
 OXIDE OF PLATIN(os)6lAMIN. 
 (Jimmonio protoxide of Platinum. 
 Plalinite of Ammonia.) 
 
 a = hydrated. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in 
 
 N \ H Pt' H water > an d tne solution is not 
 
 2 f B< decomposed by boiling. (Rei- 
 
 set, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 11. 422.) Very soluble in water; less soluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 
 209.) 
 
 OXIDE OF PLATIN(OUS)AMMONIUM. Com- 
 N \ H s o P' ete 'y insoluble in water or ammonia- 
 
 l p t' ' water. It combines with acids, form- 
 ing peculiar insoluble compounds. 
 (Reiset, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 423.) 
 
 OF PLATINUM. 
 
 (Platinous Oxide.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in sulphurous, and in 
 Pt concentrated sulphuric acids. Easily solu- 
 ble in strong cold chlorhydric acid. When 
 in the nascent state, it is soluble in some of the 
 vegetable acids. 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble in water[?]. (Liebig.) 
 Soluble in alkaline solutions. Partially soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid, with separation of metallic 
 platinum. 
 
 .BmOxiDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 (Platinic Oxide.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. 
 PtO, 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in dilute acetic acid. 
 Pt0 2 , 2 H Soluble in the mineral acids. (Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 OXIDE OF rfiPLUMB(zc)frrETHYL(hydrated). 
 Pb 2 (C 4 H ) 3 0, H Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Very easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. 
 
 <Sw60xiDE OF POTASSIUM. Decomposed by 
 K 2 water. 
 
 ProZOxiDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 (Potash. Potassa.) 
 KO 
 
 a = anhydrous. Combines with water with 
 great violence. Soluble in 1 pt. of water. (Bi- 
 neau, C. R., 41. 510.) Compounds of potash are 
 generally less soluble than those of soda. 
 
 b = hydrated. Quickly deliquescent. Soluble 
 K 0, H in 0.5 pt. of cold water, with evolution 
 of heat (Lcewitz); the saturated solu- 
 tion containing 66.66% of it. Soluble in 1 pt. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) The saturated aqueous solution 
 boils at about 158, but the temperature is rapidly 
 elevated if one continues to heat the solution. 
 (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 Boils at C. 
 
 red heat 
 315.56 
 215.56 
 188.22 
 160 
 143.33 
 135.56 
 129.44 
 123.89 
 118.89 
 115.56 
 112.22 
 109.44 
 106.66 
 104.44 
 103.33 
 101.66 
 101.11 
 100.56 
 
 (Dalton, in his New System, Pt. 2. p. 476.) 
 Dalton remarks that he " would have the results 
 in the above table considered only as an approxi- 
 mation to truth ; but it will certainly have its use 
 till a more complete and accurate one be obtained." 
 Otto, in his Lehrbuch, 2. 83, on the other hand, 
 remarking upon the accuracy of Dalton's deter- 
 minations, says, that almost identically similar 
 
 An aqueous 
 solution 
 of sp. gr. 
 
 2.4 
 2.2 
 
 Contains 
 per cent of 
 anhydrous 
 KO. 
 
 . 100 . 
 
 84 
 
 2.0 
 
 72.4 
 
 1.88 
 
 636 
 
 
 .78 
 
 56.8 
 
 
 .68 
 
 51.2 
 
 
 .60 
 
 46.7 
 
 
 .52 
 
 42.9 
 
 
 .47 
 
 39.6 
 
 
 .44 
 
 36.8 
 
 
 .42 
 
 34.4 
 
 
 .39 
 
 32.4 
 
 
 .36 
 
 29.4 
 
 
 .33 
 
 26.3 
 
 
 .28 
 
 23.4 
 
 
 .23 
 
 19.5 
 
 
 .19 
 
 16.2 
 
 s 
 
 .15 
 
 13.0 
 
 
 .11 
 
 9.5 
 
 
 .06 
 
 . . 4.7 . 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 453 
 
 results were obtained in his laboratory by Mehren 
 [Dal ton's table is incorrectly printed in Gmelin 
 Handbook.] 
 
 Quantity of Anhydrous Potash (K 0) contained 
 solutions of various densities. 
 
 in wood-spirit. Readily soluble in glycerin. Sol- 
 uble in not less than 25 pts. of ether (Boullay) 
 m much more than 25 pts. of ether. (Connell j 
 Soluble m an aqueous solution of mannite. 
 (Favre, Ann. Ch. el Phys., (3.) H. 76.) Insoluble 
 in acetone. Rcadilv snlnlih. in fn^^i n ;i ?\,,,A . 
 
 * An aqueous 
 solution of Contains per cent 
 
 in acetone, rteaaiiy soluble m fusel-oil (hydrate 
 ofamyl). (Pelletan.) 
 
 sp.gr. at (15) 
 
 c = 2KO, 3HO 
 
 1.3300 .... 28.290 
 
 
 1.3131 27.158 
 
 d = K 0, 5 H Quickly deliquescent. Solu- 
 
 1.2966 26.027 
 
 (Crystallized potash, ble in water, with reduction of 
 
 1.2805 24.895 
 
 Caustic salt.) tne temperature. 
 
 1.2648 23.764 
 
 PerOxiDE OF POTASSIUM. Instantly decom- 
 
 1.2493 22.632 
 
 K 2 posed by cold water. 
 
 1-2342 21.500 
 1.2268 20.935 
 
 OXIDE OF PURPUREO COBALT. Known only 
 
 1-2122 19.803 
 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , O s in aqueous solution. (Gibbs 
 
 1-1979 18.671 
 1.1839 17.540 
 
 & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., 
 vol. 9.) 
 
 1-1702 16.408 
 
 ProtOxiDE OF RHODIUM. 
 
 1.1568 15.277 
 
 a = anhydrous. 
 
 1.1437 14.145 
 
 RhO 
 
 1.1308 13.013 
 
 a = crystallized. \ T . , , . 
 
 1.1182 11.882 
 
 b = amorphous. ) 
 
 1.1059 10.750 
 1.0938 9.619 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in an excess of an 
 
 1.0819 8.487 
 
 aqueous solution of alkali, despite the assertions to 
 
 1.0703 7.355 
 
 the contrary which have been made in the books. 
 
 1.0589 6.224 
 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3) 44. 397.) 
 
 1.0478 5.002 
 
 SesquiOxiDE OF RHODIUM. 
 
 1.0369 3.961 
 
 [Rhodic Oxide.) 
 
 1.0260 2.829 
 1.0153 1.697 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water, in a boiling 
 Rh 2 3 aqueous solution of caustic potash, or in 
 
 1.0050 .... 0.5658 
 
 any acid, when pure ; but when mixed 
 
 (Tuennermann, in Trommsdorff's Neues Journ 
 
 with oxide of indium it dissolves in aqua-regia. 
 
 der Pharm., 18. 2, 5; cited in Gmelin's Hand 
 
 (Clans, Beitrage, p. 65.) 
 
 book, 3. 15.) 
 From the tables of Tuennermann and Dalton 
 Schiff calculates the following table for hydrate o; 
 potash, by means of the formula : 
 D = 1 + 0.00656 p + 0.000127 p 2 
 0.00000085 p3 ; in which D = the sp. gr. of the solu- 
 tion and p the percentage of substance in the solu- 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water. Exceedingly 
 Rh a 3 + 5 Aq easily soluble in all acids, and in a 
 concentrated aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash, especially when recently precipi- 
 tated and moist ; on diluting the alkaline solution 
 a portion of it is reprecipitated. ' Does not sepa- 
 rate from the alkaline solution when this is heated. 
 
 tion. 
 
 Glaus, Beitrage, pp. 67, 68, 21, 38.) Soluble in 
 
 Sp er Per cent of _ Per cent of 
 
 aqueous solutions of the fixed caustic alkalies. 
 
 KO, HO. S P' gr - KO,HO. 
 
 Descotils.) When prepared by the decompo- 
 
 1-036 ... 5 1.411 . . 40 
 
 sition of fused rhodiate of potash it is insoluble in 
 
 1-077 10 1.475 45 
 
 acids ; but when prepared by decomposing chloro- 
 
 1-124 15 1.539 50 
 
 rhodiate of potassium or sodium by means of an 
 
 1-175 20 1.604 55 
 
 alkaline carbonate it dissolves in acids. (Ber- 
 
 1-230 25 1.667 60 
 
 zelius.) According to Glaus (Beitrage, pp. 64, 
 
 1.288 30 1.729 65 
 
 65), the compounds 2 Rh 0, Rh 2 O 3 ; &c., of Ber- 
 
 1.349 ... 35 1.790 . . 70 
 
 zelius were merely mixtures of metallic rhodium 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Cli. u. Pharm., 1858, 107. 300.) 
 
 and sesquioxide of rhodium. 
 
 a., _ Per cent of c Per cent of 
 
 .BznOxiDE OF RHODIUM. 
 
 K 0. S P- S n K 0. 
 
 a anhydrous. Insoluble in strong nitric acid. 
 
 1.58 . . 53.06 1.28 . . 27.86 
 
 Rh0 2 (Glaus, Beitrage, p. 66.) 
 
 1.56 51.58 1.26 26.34 
 
 b hydrated. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, the 
 
 1.54 50.09 1.24 24.77 
 
 olution evolving chlorine when heated. (Glaus, 
 
 1.52 48.46 1.22 23.14 
 
 Beitrage, pp. 21, 68.) 
 
 1.50 46.45 1.20 21.25 
 
 
 1.48 44.40 1.18 19.34 
 
 OXIDE OF ROSEOCOBALT. Known only in 
 
 1-46 42.31 1.16 17.40 
 
 olution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 
 
 1.44 40.17 1.14 15.38 
 
 96 ; Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9. 
 
 1.42 37.97 1.12 13.30 
 
 ). 20 of the memoir.) 
 
 1.40 35.99 1.10 11.28 
 
 The salts of the roseocobalt are generally nearly 
 
 1.38 34.74 1.08 9.20 
 
 nsoluble in cold water; soluble, without decom- 
 
 1.36 33.46 1.06 7.02 
 
 )osition, in warm water slightly acidulated, but 
 
 1.34 32.14 1.04 4.77 
 
 ire easily decomposed when the neutral aqueous 
 
 1.32 30.74 1.02 2.44 
 
 olution 'is boiled. (G. & G., Ibid., p. 7.) Scarcely 
 
 1.30 . . 29.34 1.00 . . 0.00 
 
 oluble in cold water ; they are more soluble in 
 
 (Richter, in Schubarth's Tech. Chem., 1. 282.) 
 
 wiling water, which decomposes them after a 
 
 Abundantly soluble in strong alcohol. Soluble 
 
 ime. (Fremy, loc. cit.) 
 
454 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 OF RUTHENIUM. 
 (Ruthenious Oxide.) acids. 
 KuO 
 
 Insoluble in 
 
 OF RUTHENIUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in acids. 
 Ru 2 O 8 
 
 6 = Ku 2 3 , 3 H Easily soluble in acids. In- 
 soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 When contaminated with oxide of rhodium it 
 dissolves in cold aqueous' solutions of caustic pot- 
 ash and ammonia ; from the potash solution it is 
 reprecipitated on the application of heat. (Glaus, 
 Beitrage, p. 45.) Oxide of ruthenium is the least 
 soluble in ammonia of any of the oxides of the so- 
 called platinum metals. (Glaus, Beitrage, p. 38.) 
 
 SmOxiDE OF RUTHENIUM. 
 
 (Ruthenic Oxide.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in acids. 
 Ru0 2 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble in acids. 
 Ru O a , 2 II 
 
 OXIDE OF SELENIUM. But slightly soluble in 
 
 (Selenic Oxide.) water, or in sulphuretted hydro- 
 
 Se 0(?) gen water ; no more soluble in 
 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 
 alkalies than in pure water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXIDE OF SiLicoN(hydrated). It is dissolved 
 Si 2 3 , 2 H in part, with decomposition, by wa- 
 ter, at ordinary temperatures, but 
 not at temperatures lower than 0. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 and carbonated alkalies. Unacted upon by acids, 
 excepting fluorhydric acid, which dissolves it, 
 with combination. 
 
 DinOxiDE OF SILVER. Soluble in strong 
 (SubOzide of Silver.) oxygen acids, and in ammo- 
 Ag 2 nia-water, with separation of 
 
 metallic silver. 
 
 OF SILVER. Soluble in about 
 Ag 3000 pts. of water. (Bineau, C. R., 41. 
 509.) Slightly soluble in water. (Bu- 
 cholz ; Fischer.) Somewhat soluble in pure 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) The hydrated oxide 
 is perceptibly soluble in water. (Odling.) While 
 moist, it is slightly soluble in water, but does not 
 form any combination with water. (H. Rose, 
 TV.) Soluble in 96 pts. of water at 18 75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr.- Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 75.) Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of ammonia ; and of the 
 alkaline hyposulphites, chlorides, and cyanides. 
 (Parkes.) When recently precipitated, it grad- 
 ually dissolves in an aqueous solution of sulpho- 
 cyanide of ammonium. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 amylamin ; but readily soluble in a solution of 
 methylamin. ( Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 30. 
 pp. 453, 492.) Also soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of ethylamin (Wurtz). of hydrated oxide of ethyl- 
 triphenylammonium (" ethylbicinnamylamin "), 
 and of thiosinamin. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of caustic pot- 
 ash or soda. Said to be slightly soluble in baryta- 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 507.) Somewhat 
 slowly soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of 
 nitrate of ammonia, with evolution of ammonia. 
 (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble in boiling aqueous solu- 
 tions of the nitrates of manganese, nickel, cobalt, 
 zinc, copper, and cerium, with precipitation of 
 their several oxides. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., 
 pp. 364, 367.) Easily soluble in nitric acid, and 
 in some other acids. 
 
 The affinity of oxide of silver for acids is greater 
 than that of oxide of zinc or oxide of copper. Of 
 its salts which are insoluble in water, most dissolve 
 in nitric acid, ammonia, and the alkaline hyposul- 
 phites. (Herschel.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF SILVER. Permanent. Is not 
 Ag 2 decomposed by water at the ordinary 
 temperature. Soluble, with evolution of 
 oxygen, in mot acids. When treated with chlor- 
 hydric acid it evolves chlorine. (Wallquist, J. pr. 
 Ch., 31. 181.) Unacted upon by boiling water or 
 by nitric acid, but is decomposed by chlorhydric, 
 chloric, phosphoric, and sulphuric acids ; also by 
 aqueous solutions of ammonia, chloride of ammo- 
 nium, and (boiling) chloride of sodium. 
 
 OXIDE OF SILVER with OxyGuANiN. Ppt. 
 
 OXIDE OF SILVER with UREA. Readily solu- 
 3 AgO; C 2 H 4 N 2 2 ble in nitric acid. Difficultly 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Liebig, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 4.) 
 
 OF SODIUM. Decomposed by wa- 
 
 ?) ter. 
 
 OF SODIUM. 
 (Soda.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in 0.75 pt. of water. 
 NaO (Bineau, C. R., 41. 510.) Compounds of 
 soda are generally more soluble than those 
 of potash. 
 
 b = hydrated. 
 Na O, H 6 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 (at C) 
 
 Deliquescent. 
 
 Dissolve 
 
 pts. of pts. of hy- 
 
 dry soda. drate of soda. 
 
 18 .... 41.43 . . 60.53 
 32 45.72 72.91 
 
 55 63.53 100.00 
 
 70 71.98 116.75 
 
 80 .... 78.30 127.02 
 
 (Osann.) 
 
 The solution saturated at ordinary temperatures 
 
 contains 36.8% of dry soda, and is of 1.5 sp. gr. ; 
 
 it boils at 130. 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at about 
 
 216 C. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 
 
 91.) 
 
 An aqueous solu- 
 tion of sp. gr. 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.85 
 
 1.72 
 
 1.63 
 
 1.56 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.47 
 
 1.44 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.36 
 
 1.32 S 
 
 1.29 
 
 1.23 
 
 1.18 
 
 1.12 
 
 1.06 
 
 Contains 
 per cent 
 of Na 0. 
 
 77.8 . 
 63.6 
 53.8 
 46.6 
 41.2 
 36.8 
 34.0 
 31.0 
 29.0 
 26.0 
 23.0 
 19.0 
 16.0 
 13.0 
 9.0 
 . 4.7 , 
 
 Boils at 
 
 red heat. 
 315.56 
 204.44 
 148.89 
 137.78 
 129.44 
 123.89 
 120.00 
 116.66 
 112.78 
 108.89 
 106.66 
 104.44 
 102.78 
 101.11 
 100.56 
 
 (Dalton, in his New System, Pt. 2. p. 496.) 
 
 Dalton remarks upon his table that " it will be 
 found moderately accurate ; but I could not give 
 it the attention it deserves." 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 455 
 
 Quantity of Soda in aqueous solutions at 15. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 
 Per cent of 
 NaO. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 
 Per cent of 
 NaO. 
 
 1.4285 
 
 . 30.220 
 
 1.2392 
 
 . 15.110 
 
 1.4193 
 
 29.616 
 
 1.2280 
 
 14.506 
 
 1.4101 
 
 29.011 
 
 1.2178 
 
 13.901 
 
 1.4011 
 
 28.407 
 
 1.2058 
 
 13.297 
 
 1.3923 
 
 27.802 
 
 1.1948 
 
 12.692 
 
 1.3836 
 
 27.200 
 
 1.1841 
 
 12.088 
 
 1.3751 
 
 * 26.594 
 
 1.1734 
 
 11.484 
 
 1.3668 
 
 25.989 
 
 1.1630 
 
 10.879 
 
 1.3586 
 
 25.385 
 
 1.1528 
 
 10.275 
 
 1.3505 
 
 24.780 
 
 1.1428 
 
 9.670 
 
 1.3426 
 
 24 176 
 
 1.1330 
 
 9.066 
 
 1.3349 
 
 23.572 
 
 1.1233 
 
 8.462 
 
 1.3273 
 
 22.967 
 
 1.1137 
 
 7.857 
 
 1.3198 
 
 22.363 
 
 1.1042 
 
 7.253 
 
 1.3143 
 
 21.894 
 
 1.0948 
 
 6.648 
 
 1.3125 
 
 21.758 
 
 1.0855 
 
 6.044 
 
 1.3053 
 
 21.154 
 
 1.0764 
 
 5.440 
 
 1.2982 
 
 20.550 
 
 1.0675 
 
 4.835 
 
 1.2912 
 
 19.954 
 
 1.0587 
 
 4.231 
 
 .2843 
 
 19.341 
 
 1.0500 
 
 3.626 
 
 .2775 
 
 18.730 
 
 1.0414 
 
 3.022 
 
 .2708 
 
 18.132 
 
 1.0330 
 
 2.418 
 
 .2642 
 
 17.528 
 
 1.0246 
 
 1.813 
 
 .2578 
 
 16.923 
 
 1.0163 
 
 1.209 
 
 .2515 
 
 16.319 
 
 1.0081 
 
 1.601 
 
 .2453 
 
 . 15.714 
 
 1.0040 
 
 . 0.302 
 
 (Tuennermann, in Trommsdorj(f"'s Neues Jonrn. 
 dcr Pliarm., 18. 2, 11; and Graelin's Handbook, 
 3. 76.) 
 
 From the tables of Dalton and Tuennermann, 
 Schiff calculates the following table for hydrate of 
 soda, by means of the formula : 
 D = 1 + 0.0118 p 0.00003 p' 2 + 0.0000002 p 3 ; 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the 
 percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 
 .059 
 
 .115 
 
 .170 
 
 .225 
 
 .279 
 
 1.332 
 
 1.384 
 
 Per cent of 
 NaO, HO. 
 
 . 5 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 . 35 
 
 Sp.gr. 
 
 1.437 
 
 1.488 
 1.540 
 1.591 
 1.643 
 1.695 
 1.748 
 
 Per cent of 
 Na 0, H 0. 
 
 . 40 
 45 
 50 
 55 
 60 
 65 
 , 70 
 
 (II. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 107. 301.) 
 Sp. gr. Per cent of Na 
 
 1.00 0.00 
 
 1.02 2.07 
 
 1.04 4.02 
 
 1.06 5.89 
 
 1.08 7.69 
 
 1.10 9.43 
 
 1.12 11.10 
 
 .14 12.81 
 
 .16 14.73 
 
 .18 16.73 
 
 .20 18.71 
 
 .22 20.66 
 
 .24 22.58 
 
 .26 24.47 
 
 .28 26.33 
 
 .30 28.16 
 
 .32 29.96 
 
 1.34 31.67 
 
 1.35 32.40 
 
 1.36 33.08 
 1.38 34.41 
 
 (Richter, in SchubartKs Tech. Chem., 1. 327.) 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. Soluble in wood- 
 spirit. Soluble in fusel-oil (hydrate of amyl). 
 (Pclletan.) An aqueous solution containing 20% 
 
 Decomposed at once 
 
 | of caustic soda is precipitated (as a more concen- 
 trated solution) by alcohol, but no such precipita- 
 tion occurs when alcohol is added to weaker solu- 
 tions. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 33. 30.) Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solutions of inannite. (Favre, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) U. 76.) Readily soluble 
 in glycerin. Soluble to a certain exteut'in ether. 
 
 PerOxiDE OF SODIUM. 
 Na 2 by cold water. 
 
 OXIDE OF STANN(OWS)AMYL. Somewhat solu- 
 C 10 H u Sn or &o | u Sn | ble in beiling alcohol. 
 ^10 u n Sn ) Nearly insoluble in 
 
 ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF STANN(Z'C)AMYL. Very sparingly 
 (Oxide of biStann Amyl.) soluble in absolute 
 
 C 10 H,, Sn 2 or jio jjn |" 2 } 2 alcohol. Readily sol- 
 uble in ether and in 
 a mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF C?/STANN(zc)tftAMYL. 
 
 Sn 2 (C 10 H u ) 3 
 
 OXIDE OF cfrSTANN(ic)n'AMYi,. Insoluble in 
 Sn 2 (C 10 H u ) 3 water. Soluble in ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF dtSTANN(zc)fe<raAMYL. Easily sol- 
 Sn 2 (C 10 H u ) 4 uble in alcohol, ' 
 
 OXIDE OF STANN(OUS) ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 C 4 H s Sn I n water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 ff u" a J U -r. ., . . . . . 
 
 C 4 H fi Snj Easily soluble, with 
 combination, in acids, 
 
 n 9r> 
 
 j* 11 5 8n 
 
 and in alkaline solutions. (Frankland.) 
 OXIDE OF STANN(ZC)ETHYL. 
 
 (Oxide of biStannEthyl.) 
 
 OXIDE OF AexaSxANNtefraETHYL. Soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF <e<raSTANN/)en<aETHYL. Sparingly 
 Sn 4 (C 4 H 5 ) 5 soluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. Its salts are 
 readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 OXIDE OF fefraSTANNinETHYL. Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of caustic potash. Its salts 
 are scarcely at all soluble in water ; but are solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 OXIDE OF tefroSxANNETHYL. Perfectly insol- 
 Sn 4 C 4 H s O uble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 boiling alcohol ; more soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF rfiSxANNfriExHYT,. The hydrated 
 Siij (C 4 H 5 ) 8 oxide is moderately soluble in wa- 
 ter. Tolerably easily soluble in 
 spirit, even dilute. Soluble in absolute alcohol, 
 and in ether. Its salts are all soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF STANN(OUS)METHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 c H Sn ) ~ ammonia-water, alco- 
 
 C 2 H s Sn or % | n ( 2 ^ Qr ethcr 'g olu ^ e 
 
 in an aqueous solution 
 of caustic potash. (Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 OXIDE OF STIBC/I'AMYL. Soluble in ether. 
 
 OXIDE OF SiiBfrVAMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 t Sparingly soluble in hydrated 
 
 Sb ^ (C 10 H u ) 3 2 aicohoj, and ether. Easily sol- 
 uble in absolute alcohol. Read- 
 ily soluble, with combination, in acids. Most of 
 its salts are insoluble in alcohol. (Berle.) 
 
 OXIDE OF SxiBinExHYL. Deliquescent. Read- 
 ily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Somewhat more sparingly soluble 
 in ether. Its salts are readily 
 
 Sb|(C 4 H 8 ) 8 2 
 
456 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 soluble in water, but are only sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. ( Loe wig & Schweitzer ; Merck.) 
 
 OXIDE OF STiBETnYLiuM(hydrated). Very 
 
 SK i ,r w ^ n TT n easil y s l uble in water, and 
 Sb } (C 4 H 5 ) 4 o, H o alcohol i nso i u ble in ether. 
 
 (Lee wig.) The salts of stib- 
 ethylium are very easily soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 OXIDE OF STiufn'METHYL. 
 Sb j <C 2 H 3 ) 3 2 
 
 OXIDE OF STIBMETHYI^nETHYLIUM(hy- 
 
 drated )- Readily soluble in 
 
 JCjH, OTTO rate - eay soue n 
 ( (4 H 6 )s ' ' water, and alcohol. Its salts 
 
 are all more or less soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. Some of them are deli- 
 quescent, others are permanent. (Friedlsender.) 
 
 OXIDE OF STiBMETHYLiuM(hydrated). -Very 
 _ n deliquescent. Easily soluble 
 Sb { (C 2 H 3 ) 4 0, H i j n wa(;er) and gjcohol. Insol . 
 
 uble in ether. 
 
 The salts of stibmethylium are easily soluble in 
 water, more difficultly soluble in alcohol, and 
 almost insoluble in ether. 
 
 60xiDE OF STILBESE. Vid. Benzil. 
 
 OXIDE OF STKONTIUM. 
 ( Strontia.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in about 1 60 pts. of 
 SrO water at 15.56, the solution being of 1.008 
 sp. gr., nearly ; and in about 50 pts. of 
 boiling water ; whence it appears that strontia is 
 much less soluble than baryta, and much more 
 soluble than lime. (Dalton, in his New System, 
 Pt. 2. p. 527.) Soluble in 130 pts. of water at 
 20. (Bineau, C. R., 41. 510.) Soluble in 40 
 pts. of cold, and in 20 pts. of hot water. (Dumas, 
 Tr., 6. 263.) 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Gmelin.) 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
 b = hydrated. 
 SrO, HO 
 
 c crystallized. Soluble in 50 pts. of cold, and 
 SrO, 8 HO in 2.4 pts. of boiling water. (Bucholz.) 
 Soluble in 50 pts. of water at 15.56, 
 the sp. gr. of the solution being nearly 1.008. 
 (Dalton, loc. cit.) Soluble in 51.4 pts. of water 
 at 15.56, and in about 2 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Hope, Edinburgh Trans., 4. 44. [T.].) Soluble 
 in 52 pts. of water at 15, and in 2.4 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Soluble in 48 
 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeits- 
 chrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbe- 
 richt,fur 1854, p. 76.) Less soluble in water than 
 the hydrate of baryta. (II. Rose, Tr.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 even at the ordinary temperature. (Ibid.) Solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of cane-sugar. (Hun- 
 ton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 156.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF STRONTIUM. Decomposed by 
 Sr0 2 water at temperatures approaching 100. 
 
 OXIDE OF STYRACYL. .Insoluble in water. 
 ( Oxide of Styryl.) Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 c i8 H fl O (Ramdohr.) 
 
 OXIDE OF fo'SuLPHETHYL Insoluble.in water. 
 (Bisulphuretted Vinic Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 /^Tf ' c F ' er sul f ur ^ ( Malaguti. ) 
 
 l>fl H 3 S 2 O 
 
 OXIDE OF SULPHUR. See HYPOSULPHUROUS 
 ACID. 
 
 OXIDE OF TANTALUM. Unacted upon by acids. 
 Ta.j0 3 (Ber/.elius.) 
 
 OXIDE OF TELLURAMYL. Soluble in water. 
 (Wo3hler.& Dean.) 
 
 OXIDE OF TELLURETHYL. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H 5 Te) (Mallet.) 
 C 4 H B Te}2 ; 
 
 OXIDE OF TELLURIUM. There are two allo- 
 ( Teliurous Add.) tropic modifications : 
 Te0 2 
 
 a (granular, crystalline). Very slightly soluble 
 in water. Sparingly soluble in acids pr in boiling 
 aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia or the car- 
 bonated alkalies. Easily soluble in solutions of 
 caustic potash, and soda. 
 
 ft (amorphous, precipitated). Soluble to a not in- 
 considerable extent in water. When the aqueous 
 solution is heated to 40 it is decomposed, and the 
 insoluble (a) modification deposited. Easily solu- 
 ble in nitric, and in other acids. The nitric-acid 
 solution soon suffers decomposition, the insoluble 
 (a) modification being_ deposited, but this does not 
 occur with the solutions in other acids. Easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water and in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the carbonated alkalies. It is modification 
 /? which unites with bases to form salts. Vid. 
 Tellurites. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. pp. 237-241.) 
 Insoluble either in concentrated or dilute acetic 
 acid. (Ibid., 3. 1145.) Easily soluble in acids, 
 especially in chlorhydric acid. On the addition of 
 water to the acid solution some of the hydrated 
 oxide, together with a basic salt, is precipitated. 
 Insoluble in acetic acid. Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic potash, soda, and ammonia ; and 
 in warm solutions of the alkaline carbonates. 
 
 OXIDE OF TELLURMETHYL. Deliquescent. 
 C 2 H 3 TeJ Easily soluble in water, and alco- 
 C 2 H 8 Te i a hoi. ( Woehler & Dean, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 93. 234.) 
 
 OXIDE OF THORIUM. 
 ( Tliorina or Tkoria.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. After ignition it is perfectly 
 Th insoluble in concentrated chlorhydric, or 
 nitric acids, but is soluble in hot concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. After ignition it is insolu- 
 ble in acids, excepting sulphuric acid. By digest- 
 ing with dilute sulphuric acid, at a temperature at 
 which the excess of acid may evaporate, a salt 
 soluble in water is obtained, "insoluble in solu- 
 tions either of the caustic or carbonated alkalies. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 192.) When prepared by 
 calcining oxalate of thoria, however, it is soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. (Berlin.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 ThO, H When moist it is very readily soluble 
 in acids ; but is much more difficultly 
 soluble after having been dried. Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, but tol- 
 erably easily soluble in solutions of the carbonated 
 alkalies, being more soluble at the ordinary tem- 
 perature than in hot solutions. When a saturated 
 solution of hydrate of thoria in carbonate of am- 
 monia is heated in a closed flask to 60, the larger 
 portion of the hydrate is precipitated, but after the 
 solution has become cold* the precipitate redissolves 
 in the course of a few hours. More soluble in a 
 mixture of caustic and carbonated ammonia than 
 in carbonate of ammonia alone. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 2. 192.) It is not precipitated by alkalies 
 from solutions which contain tartaric or citric acids. 
 (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 ProfOxiDE OF TIN. 
 (Stannous Oxide.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Permanent. Soluble in acids. 
 
 SnO Insoluble in dilute alkaline solutions. 
 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 460.) 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 457 
 
 Very slowly and slightly soluble in a boiling | Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 
 aniieOUS solution OF chlnrMA nf nmmAninm IV ^^i. u.^ , ,- 'iiiiwii Ul taustIC 
 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 Hose, TV.) 
 
 (H 
 
 6 = hydrated. Decomposed to a on boilin 
 2 Sn 0, H with water. More readily soluble i. 
 acids than metallic tin or the anhy 
 drous protoxide. (Berzelius.) Soluble in aque 
 ous solutions of caustic potash, and soda, ever 
 dilute ; sparingly soluble [insoluble (H. Rose 
 TV.)] in a solution of carbonate of ammonia 
 nearly insoluble in ammonia-water, and in a solu 
 tion of carbonate of potash (Wittstein) ; solubl 
 also in solutions of caustic lime, and baryta : al 
 these alkaline solutions are decomposed on boil 
 ing. (Freroy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3 ) 12. pp. 460 
 465.) Sparingly soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of acetate of soda. (Mercer.) It is not precipi 
 tated by ammonia from solutions containing cit 
 rate of soda. (Spiller.) Somewhat soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of waterglass (acid silicate o 
 soda or potash). (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32 
 338 ; compare Ibid., 33. 33.) Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of hydrated oxide of stibethylium, anc 
 of hydrate of triethyltoluenylammonium. Thos 
 of the salts of protoxide of tin which are insolubl 
 in water are soluble in chlorhydric acid and in i. 
 solution of chloride of ammonium, i. e. if they 
 have not been ignited. 
 
 When boiled with a very dilute solution of caustic 
 potash, so long as it continues to dissolve, 16 pts 
 of oxide to 1 pt. of potash will be taken up. When 
 this solution is evaporated, it forms a jelly which 
 slowly dries up to a mass, which is still soluble in 
 water; but if this mass is ignited, the compound oi 
 potash and tin is decomposed, and water now 
 dissolves nothing but potash from the mixture. A 
 solution of carbonate of potash also dissolves 
 hydrate of tin, under certain conditions. Thus, 
 when a solution of carbonate of potash is poured 
 upon the hydrate it combines therewith, but the 
 resulting compound does not dissolve in the al- 
 kaline liquid. If the latter be now decanted, the 
 precipitate washed with a little cold water, and 
 then treated with a larger quantity of pure water, 
 an emulsion-like liquid is obtained, in which, 
 however, carbonate of potash produces a pre- 
 cipitate. This action of the alkaline carbonates 
 is due to the formation of a certain quantity of 
 bicarbonate, by the action of the oxide of tin. 
 When precipitated with basic succinate of ammo- 
 nia, oxide of tin is completely insoluble. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 2. 191.) Even when recently pre- 
 cipitated it is only sparingly soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of ammonium, either hot 
 or cold. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) 
 
 " YELLOW OXIDE OF TIN." Vid. MetaStan- 
 nate of Soda. 
 
 PerOxiDE OP TIN. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water, acids, con- 
 (Stannic Oxide.) centrated alkaline solutions or 
 *n a caustic ammonia. Not absolutely 
 
 insoluble in dilute nitric acid. 
 (Mulder, Die Silberprobirmethode, p. 12.) Only 
 traces of it can be dissolved by long-continued 
 ebullition in chlorhydric or concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble, with combination, in 
 
 <*) Sn 2 , H chlorhydric and sulphuric 
 
 (Ordinary Oxide of Tin. acids, even when these are 
 
 taimcJcid.) dilute Soluble in alkalies. 
 
 One modification of it is 
 
 soluble, another is insoluble, in caustic ammonia. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 481.) 
 58 
 
 potash, but on adding to this solution still more 
 potash a precipitate may form, since stannate of 
 potash is difficultly soluble in a concentrated solu- 
 tion of potash ; on adding water, however, this 
 may be immediately redissolved. Somewhat sol- 
 uble, though sparingly, in ammonia-water. Com- 
 pletely soluble in an aqueous solution of carbonate 
 of potash, but not completely soluble in a solution 
 of carbonate of soda. Carbonate of ammonia be- 
 haves like caustic ammonia. Insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline bicarbonates or of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium. Easily soluble in acids, es- 
 pecially in dilute sulphuric and in nitric and. 
 chlorhydric acids. From all these acid solutions 
 the oxide may be reprecipitated by largely diluting 
 with water and then boiling, the precipitation 
 being the more complete in proportion as less 
 acid and more water is present. (H.Rose, TV.) 
 While still moist it is slightly soluble in nitric 
 acid ; but from this solution it gradually separates 
 on standing, and coagulates at once" when the 
 liquid is heated to 50; if nitrate of ammonia be 
 added to the solution, this remains clear at the 
 ordinary temperature. If the oxide precipitated 
 by heating the solution is treated first with ammo- 
 nia, and then with nitric acid, it redissolves. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 596.) Soluble in solutions 
 of the alkaline sulphides. (Berzelins, Lehrb., 2. 
 600.) Soluble in an excess of an aqueous solu- 
 tion of hydrate of triethyltoluenylammonium. It 
 is not precipitated by ammonia from solutions 
 which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Though 
 insoluble in nitric acid, peroxide of tin dissolves 
 when treated with nitric acid and ammonia. (The'- 
 nard, Ann. de Chim., 43. 218. [T.].) 
 
 On drying the hydrate which has been precipi- 
 tated from the bichloride by ammonia it preserves 
 all its properties, and dissolves easily in chlor- 
 lydric acid ; on heating it to 50 it loses its water, 
 ml is otherwise unchanged ; heated to 80 it be- 
 comes more difficultly soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 
 portion remaining undissolved ; but that which 
 does dissolve is still the modif. a ; on heating to 
 :30 it loses no more water, but a portion of it is 
 still soluble in chlorhydric acid ; on ignition it 
 :eases to be soluble in chlorhydric acid, being less 
 soluble therein in proportion as it has been more 
 trongly heated. (H. Rose, Tr., 1. 252.) 
 
 Most of the salts of a oxide of tin are soluble in 
 
 water, without decomposition. Those of them 
 
 ivhich are insoluble in water dissolve in chlorhydric 
 
 icid ; they are insoluble, however, in solutions of 
 
 hloride of ammonium. 
 
 (?) Insoluble in water, or in nitric or sulphuric 
 Anomalous Oxide. Meta Stannic Acid.) acids. Spar- 
 n 6 10 , 5 H (of Fremy). ingly soluble 
 
 in chlorhydric 
 
 cid. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 154.) Insoluble in 
 itric acid, even when previously treated with 
 austic ammonia (Berzelius, Lehrb.), in concen- 
 rated sulphuric acid, only swelling up therein. 
 
 Scarcely at all dissolved by chlorhydric acid, but 
 ombines therewith to a salt which is insoluble in 
 hlorhydric acid ; this compound is soluble in 
 ater, however. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 When metallic tin is oxidized by means of nitric 
 cid, the oxide (?) obtained is completely insoln- 
 le in an excess of the acid and in water; if this, 
 xide be freed from adhering nitric acid, by care- 
 
 ul washing, and then treated with chlorhydric 
 cid, it does not dissolve, but on heating the mix- 
 
 ure of chlorhydric acid and oxide, and subse- 
 uently adding water, a clear solution is obtained, 
 
458 
 
 OXIDES. 
 
 which, however, behaves with many reagents in 
 an entirely different manner from an aqueous so- 
 lution of sublimed bichloride of tin or a chlor- 
 hydric acid solution of the oxide . (H. Rose, 
 2V., 1. 247.) On diluting the chlorhydric solution 
 of inodif. (I with much water, and then boiling, 
 a portion of the oxide (/?) is reprecipitated, and 
 this reaction occurs more readily than with the 
 chloride of the other modification (a). (H. Rose, 
 7V.) Neither of the modifications of binoxide of 
 tin are soluble in a solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium, even after long-continued ebullition. (H. 
 Rose, TV., 1. 253.) 
 
 Entirely insoluble in caustic ammonia. Solu- 
 ble in solutions of the alkalies ; if such alkaline 
 solution be neutralized by an acid, another hydrate 
 of tin is precipitated insoluble in nitric acid, but 
 soluble in all proportions in caustic ammonia. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 402.) In- 
 soluble in acids, in a solution of caustic ammonia, 
 or of carbonate of ammonia. Imperfectly soluble 
 in solutions of the alkalies or alkaline carbonates. 
 (Fremy, in Gm.) Insoluble in a solution of car- 
 bonate of potash. (H. Rose.) 
 
 The oxide (p) obtained by the action of nitric 
 acid on metallic tin is completely soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash, as is also the 
 hydrate precipitated on neutralizing the chlor- 
 hvdric-acid solution; solutions thus obtained are 
 apt to be cloudy at first, but clear up after a time 
 on standing. The addition of more potash is 
 liable to produce a slight precipitate, but this dis- 
 appears again on the addition of water. [Compare 
 Stannate of Potash (/$).] Insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline carbonates or bicar- 
 bonat.es. (H. Rose, 7V.) 
 
 The salts of ft oxide of tin are generally diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water, and are decomposed thereby 
 to insoluble basic salts and free acid. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 ProiOxiDE OF TIN with fa'nOxiDE OF TIN. 
 (SesguiOxi ->f. of Tin.) While yet moist, it is toler- 
 Sn 2 O 3 = Sxi 0, Sn 2 ably easily and completely 
 soluble in ammonia- water. 
 (Berzelius.) Difficultly soluble in dilute, more 
 easily soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 
 OXIDE OF TITANIUM. Insoluble in acids, 
 (Tltanous Oxide.) even fluorhydric. 
 TiO 
 
 <&s<7j'OxiDE OF TITANIUM. When prepared 
 
 (Black Oxide of Titanium.) in the moist way it is in- 
 
 Ti 2 3 soluble in water or am- 
 
 monia-water, but quickly 
 
 oxidizes to titanic acid. It is soluble in the oxy- 
 gen acids, but is oxidized very readily in these 
 solutions. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 386.) When 
 prepared in the dry way it is soluble in great part 
 in acids. (Berthier.) Soluble in sulphuric acid. 
 Unacted upon by chlorhydric or nitric acid. 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 20. 392.) 
 
 OXIDE OF TOLUENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Oxide of Benzyl. Oxide of Benz- Decomposed by 
 Ethyl. Bemylie Ether. Toluenyl concentrated sul- 
 Elher. Benzol Etter) 
 
 C 14 H 7 0, or 
 
 ' 
 
 2 
 
 phuric acid and by 
 phosphoric acid. 
 (Caunizaro, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 92. 115.) 
 
 OXIDE OF TUNGSTEN. Insoluble in water. 
 (Tungstous Oxide. Brown Sparingly soluble in 
 Oxide of Tungsten.) cM> more readily Solu- 
 
 2 ble in hot chlorhydric 
 
 and sulphuric acids. Readily soluble, with de- 
 composition, in a concentrated solution of caus- 
 
 tic potash. Insoluble in boiling ammonia- water. 
 (Riche.) 
 
 " BLUE OXIDE OF TUNGSTEN." Vid. Tung- 
 (Tungstic Oxide.) state of Tungsten. 
 
 OXIDE OF TURPENTINE-OIL. Soluble in wa- 
 
 (Isomeric with Campholic Acid.) ter, alcohol, and 
 
 C 2o H 18 4 ether, and crystal- 
 
 lizes from the hot 
 solutions on cooling. (Sobrero.) 
 
 <SW>OxiDE OF URANIUM(?). Ppt. Decom- 
 Ur 4 3 (?) posed by water, and by exposure to the 
 air. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 5.22.) 
 
 Pro^OxiDE OF URANIUM. 
 (Formerly mistaken for metallic Uranium.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. When prepared in the dry way, 
 Ur it is unacted upon by dilute chlorhydric or 
 sulphuric acid, even when these are boiling. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, and in 
 nitric acid. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 
 25.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Easily soluble in dilute acids, 
 with combination. (Peligot, loc. cit.) Insoluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, or of 
 the carbonates of potash, soda, or ammonia. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 2. 778.) Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates, especially of car- 
 bonate of ammonia. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 OF URANIUM. 
 ( Vranic Oxide ) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Easily soluble in nitric acid. 
 Ur 2 s (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 9.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Permanent. Insoluble in water. 
 Ur 2 3 , H Very easily soluble in cold dilute 
 nitric acid. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 9. 463.) Easily soluble in acids. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Soluble in boiling aqueous 
 solutions of the nitrates of the sesquioxides of iron 
 and bismuth, and of the din- and protoxides of 
 mercury, with precipitation of the oxides in these 
 salts. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., p. 366.) Not decom- 
 posed by a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, which nevertheless dissolves a very 
 small quantity of it. (H. Rose, TV.) Insoluble 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia, potash, 
 or soda. Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 sesquicarbonate of ammonia, and of bicarbonate 
 of potash, or of soda; also soluble, though less 
 readily, in a dilute solution of monocarbonat* of 
 potash. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 
 220.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of carbonate 
 or bicarbonate of potash, and of soda. (Chevreul.) 
 When in presence of non-volatile organic sub- 
 stances, like tartaric acid, it is not precipitated by 
 the alkalies. (H. Rose, 7V.) Most of its com- 
 pounds with acids are easily soluble in acids. 
 For its compounds with bases, see URANIC ACID. 
 
 PrcrtOxiDE OF URANIUM with SesquiOx.ii>E OF 
 URANIUM. 
 
 I. ) Ur s O 4 = Ur 0, Ur 2 O s 
 ( Olive-green Oxide of Uranium. 
 Tritoxide */ Uranium.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in acids, with decom- 
 position, forming salts of the proto- and sesqui- 
 oxide. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 27.) 
 Not attacked by cold dilute acids. Easily soluble 
 in nitric acid. Soluble in warm, very dilute sul- 
 phuric acid. On digesting with chlorhydric acid 
 a portion dissolves while the residue contains 
 more of the protoxide than at first, since the ses- 
 quioxide dissolves by preference. Insoluble, even 
 when hydrated, in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 
OXIDES. 
 
 459 
 
 potash. (H. Rose, Tr.) After ignition, it is but 
 difficultly soluble in dilute chlorhydric or sulphuric 
 acid ; it is more readily soluble in hot strong acids, 
 being completely dissolved by concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. (Arfvedson.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Easily soluble in acids, except- 
 ing when it has been boiled with water for a long 
 time. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the alka- 
 line carbonates. 
 
 II.) Uiv 5 = 2 Ur ; Ur 2 3 Soluble in acids, 
 (Black Oxide of Uranium. with decomposi- 
 
 Deutoxide of Uranium.) tioU) forming saltg 
 
 of the proto- and 
 
 sesquioxide. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 5. 26.) 
 
 OF VANADIUM. Insoluble in water, 
 V acids, or alkaline solutions, when out of con- 
 tact with the air. 
 
 BznOxiDE OF VANADIUM. 
 ( Vanadic Oxide. Vanadous Acid.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. After ignition it is only slowly, 
 V O 2 though completely, soluble in acids. 
 
 6 = hydrated. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 V 2 , H 6 acids. Exceedingly sparingly soluble 
 in succinic acid. (Berzelius.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the caustic, carbonated, 
 and bicarbonated alkalies, including carbonate of 
 ammonia. Most of the hydrated salts of vanadic 
 oxide are soluble in water. 
 
 " PURPLE OXIDE OF VANADIUM." Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 " GREEN OXIDE OF VANADIUM." Vid. Vana- 
 
 (Yellow Oxide of Vanadium. diate of Vana- 
 
 Yellow- Green Oxide of Vanadium. Ai,, m 
 Orange- Yellow Oxide of Vanadium.) ' 
 
 OXIDE OF YTTKIUM. 
 
 ( Yttria.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. After ignition it is scarcely 
 YO soluble in acids. (Odling.) Readily solu- 
 ble in acids. Insoluble in ammonia-water. 
 Difficultly soluble in a solution of caustic potash. 
 (Wcehler.) Readily soluble in acids ; even after 
 having been subjected to a very intense red heat it 
 dissolves easily in chlorhydric acid. The cal- 
 cined oxide evolves much heat, and dissolves, 
 when treated with dilute acids. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, or in aque- 
 Y 0, H ous solutions of the caustic alkalies, 
 either cold or boiling, but soluble in 
 solutions of the alkaline carbonates. 
 
 Completely insoluble in a solution of caustic 
 potash. Ammonia-water precipitates it even 
 from solutions which contain a certain proportion 
 of an ammoniacal salt, but there must not be too 
 ' much of the latter. When recently precipitated, 
 it dissolves easily in a warm solution of chloride 
 of ammonium, ammonia being evolved, but with 
 the calcined oxide this reaction is slower and in- 
 complete. (H. Rose, Tr.) Easily soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia, with 
 combination ; on boiling this solution the hydrate 
 of yttria is completely reprecipitated, unless other 
 saline substances are present, when the precipitate 
 which at first forms on boiling is soon redissolved. 
 Also soluble in a solution of carbonate of soda. 
 (Berzelins, Le/irb., 2. 176.) Soluble in sulphu- 
 rous acid. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 
 75.) Readily soluble in the acids generally. The 
 presence of non-volatile organic substances, like 
 tartaric acid, does not prevent its precipitation 
 by ammonia, though the precipitation may be 
 somewhat retarded. In presence of tartaric acid, 
 carbonate of soda does not produce any precipi- 
 
 tate, at least for several days, unless ammonia be 
 also added. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 SU&OXIDE OF ZINC. Exceedingly slowly solu- 
 ble in boiling acids. 
 
 OXIDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 Zn & + H soluble in acids, even after bavin* 
 been strongly ignited. Some sam- 
 ples of oxide of zinc are sensibly soluble in water, 
 others are not, according to the method of their 
 production. However, water never dissolves more 
 than a millionth pt. of its weight. ( Binean, C. R., 
 41. 510.) When moist it is readily soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, soda, and 
 ammonia, and of carbonate of ammonia ; but 
 after ignition it dissolves in them with difficulty. 
 It is partially reprecipitated from its saturated 
 solution in concentrated caustic ammonia, when 
 this is diluted with water. Anhydrous oxide of 
 zinc is soluble in concentrated, but insoluble in 
 dilute, aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 The hydrated oxide, on the other hand, is very 
 easily soluble, even in dilute alkaline liquors. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 390.) On 
 boiling the solution in potash for a considerable 
 time, the oxide of zinc is completely reprecipitated, 
 especially if the solution has been diluted with 
 water. (H. Rose, Tr.) Its solubility in ammo- 
 nia-water is greatly increased by the presence of 
 traces of potash and ammonia salts, by most of 
 the phosphates, by arsenic, chloihydric, sulphuric, 
 nitric, acetic, carbonic, tartaric, citric, and sul- 
 phurous acids ; succinic and benzole acids in- 
 crease its solubility in ammonia-water only when 
 this is very dilute ; boracic, iodhydric, chloric, 
 arsenic, oxalic, and gallic acids do not promote 
 its solution in ammonia- water, but combine with 
 it together with some ammonia. (Schindler.) 
 Caustic ammonia does not produce any precipitate 
 when added to strongly acid solutions. (H. Rose, 
 Tr.) Soluble both when dry or recently precipi- 
 tated in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium. (Dema^ay, Ann. der Phann., 
 1834, 11. 251.) When recently precipitated it is 
 soluble in a hot aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97) ; 
 a very free evolution of ammonia occurring when 
 the mixture is boiled. (L. Thompson, Ibid., 
 p. 179.) Somewhat less soluble in a solution of 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Ibid., p. 97.) .Some- 
 what soluble in an aqueous solution of waterglass 
 (acid silicate of soda or potash). (Ordway, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 32. 338; compare Ibid., 33. 33.) 
 Abundantly soluble in carbonic-acid water, from 
 which it is precipitated by caustic alkalies, and 
 partially by alkaline carbonates, though not by the 
 bicarbonates. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 50.) Anhy- 
 drous oxide of zinc is soluble in sulphurous acid. 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 81.) Some- 
 what soluble in an aqueous solution of methyl- 
 amin, but insoluble in a solution of amylamin. 
 (A. Wurtz.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of oxide of stibmethylethylium. (FriedlaRnder.) 
 Tolerably readily soluble in a boiling aqueous 
 solution of cyanide of j^tassium. (Gore.) Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of cyanide of potas- 
 sium. (F. & E. Rodgers, Phil. Mag., 1834, (3.) 
 4. 97.) Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of 
 nitrate of sesquioxide of iron, with precipitation 
 of ferric oxide, and in a boiling solution of nitrate 
 of lead, with formation of dinitrate of lead. Un- 
 acted upon by boiling solutions of the nitrates of 
 cobalt, nickel, and cerium. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., 
 pp. 365, 367, 368.) Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of cane-sugar. (Peschier.) The presence of 
 
460 
 
 OXYCHLORIDES. 
 
 some non-volatile organic substances, like tartaric 
 acid, hinders the precipitation of oxide of zinc 
 from its solution, by means of the alkalies ; but 
 this effect is much less marked than with most 
 other oxides. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 PerOxiDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. De- 
 composed by acids. (The'nard.) 
 OXIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. 
 
 (Zirconia.) 
 
 a = anhydrous. After ignition it is insoluble in 
 Zr 2 3 acids, excepting hot concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid. The best method of dissolving 
 it is to reduce it to a fine powder and treat this with 
 sulphuric acid which has been diluted with one 
 part of water, and to heat the mixture gently in a 
 platinum vessel until all the water has been evap- 
 orated, and then expel the excess of acid at a 
 temperature below ignition. (Berzelius, -Lehrb., 
 2. 187.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 2 Zr 2 O s , 3 H Hydrate of zirconium, even when 
 moist, is only very sparingly solu- 
 ble in sulphurous acid, and the portion dissolved 
 is entirely reprecipitated on boiling the solution. 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 7. 76.) When 
 precipitated from cold solutions it is readily solu- 
 ble in acids, but when precipitated from hot solu- 
 tions or washed with hot water, it dissolves only 
 in concentrated acids after long-continued diges- 
 tion at high temperatures. After having been 
 dried, it is more difficultly soluble in acids than 
 when moist. 
 
 Slowly, difficultly, and but slightly soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia. In- 
 soluble in solutions of the fixed alkaline carbo- 
 nates ; but if the solution of a zirconium salt is 
 precipitated by carbonate of potash or of soda, 
 and an excess of either of these be added, the pre- 
 cipitate (carbonate of zirconia, q. v.) which at first 
 forms is redissolved. Under these circumstances 
 it is much more soluble in solutions of the al- 
 kaline bicarbonates than in the simple carbonates. 
 Insoluble in solutions of the ammoniacal salts 
 (excepting the carbonate as above), even when 
 these are boiling. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 2. 188.) 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 soda, or ammonia. Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of mixed tartrate of ammonia and caustic 
 ammonia. 
 
 The presence of chloride of ammonium does 
 not prevent its precipitation by the caustic alka- 
 lies, but this precipitation does not occur in the 
 presence of non-volatile organic substances like 
 tartaric acid. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 OxIoDic ACID. Vid. Periodic Acid. 
 
 OXURIC ACID. (Probably impure Alloxanic. 
 Acid.) Very readily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Vauquelin.) 
 
 OXURATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 OXURATE OF LEAD. Somewhat soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OXURATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Soluble in more than 
 40 pts. of cold water; and in less hot water. 
 
 II.) basic. Sparingly soluble in cold, much 
 more soluble in hot water. 
 
 OXURATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 OXURATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 OXURATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OXDRATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 OxYACANTHiN(from Berberis vulgaris). Al- 
 (Berbin.) most insoluble in cold water. When 
 recently precipitated it is sparingly sol- 
 uble in boiling water. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and the fatty and essential oils. Soluble, 
 with combination, in dilute mineral acids, but is 
 decomposed by concentrated acids. 
 
 OXYAMMONIDE OF X. Vid. AmmonioOxide 
 otX. 
 
 OXYBENZOIC ACID. Permanent. Sparingly 
 (Isomeric with Salicylic and soluble in cold, easily 
 pehcAcid) so l u ble in boiling wa- 
 
 "8 '-'6 = ^14 "5 "S> tt U j i i i Tl 
 
 ter, and alcohol. Its 
 alkaline salts are readily soluble in water ; those 
 of the alkaline earths are more difficultly soluble 
 in water, while the other salts are insoluble in 
 water, or alcohol. They are all soluble in acids. 
 (Gerland, Ann. Ch. u. Pkarm., 91. 189.) 
 
 OXYBENZOATE OF LEAD. 
 C 14 H 3 Pb 8 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF ANTIMONY. Insoluble in 
 (Basic hydrobromate of Antimony ) water. (Serullas.) 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF CALCIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF CERIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Decomposed by acids, even by carbonic acid. 
 (Balard.) 
 
 OXYBROMIDE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Vid. 
 Bromide of Iron (basic). 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Pb Br ; Pb 
 
 OXYBROMIDE of protoxide OF MERCURY. In- 
 
 Hg Br ; 3 Hg soluble in cold, sparingly soluble 
 
 in hot water. Easily soluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Loewig.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Ratn- 
 
 melsberg.) 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Slowly de- 
 P O 2 Br 3 composed by water. (Ritter, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 95. 210.) 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF TELLURETHYL. 
 C 4 H 5 Te O ; C 4 H 5 Te Br 
 
 OXYBROMIDE OF TUNGSTEN. 
 
 W 2 5 ; W 2 Br 5 
 WBr 2 (Riche). 
 
 OXYClILORAMIDIDE OF MERCURY. Vid. 
 
 Chloride of teiraMercurAmmonium. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF ANTIMONY. All the chlo- 
 
 (Powder of jllgaroth.) rine may be removed by the 
 
 Sb C1 5 -, 5 Sb 3 long-continued action of hot 
 
 water (Malaguti) ; also by 
 
 carbonic-acid water. Insoluble in an aqueous ' 
 solution of cane-sugar. (Peschier.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF BISMUTH Totally insolu- 
 Bl Clj ; 2 Bi 3 ble in water. Almost entirely in- 
 soluble in very dilute chlorhydric 
 acid ; somewhat soluble in less dilute chlorhydric 
 acid, from which it is again precipitated on the 
 addition of water. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 
 145.) ^-Soluble in hot nitric acid. (Jacquelin.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF CALCIUM. Decomposed by 
 CaCl; 3CaO + 16 Aq water, and alcohol. (H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF CERIUM. Insoluble in 
 acids. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) Cr 2 O a Cl + Aq Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 
 water when moist; but after 
 
 having been dried at 120, it dissolves very slowly 
 
OXYCHLORIDES. 
 
 461 
 
 in water. Very soluble in alcohol. (Peligot, 
 Ann. Ch.etPhys., (3.) 16. 296.) 
 
 II.) Cr 2 C1 2 + Aq [Compare basic sesquiChlo- 
 ride of Chromium.] 
 
 OXTCHLORIDE OF ClTRYL. Vid. OxjChlorO- 
 
 Citric Acid. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE of dinoxide OF COPPER. 
 Cu 2 Cl ; 2 Cu 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I-) 
 
 a = Cu Cl , 2 Cu 
 
 b = ditto + Aq Soluble in a strong aqueous 
 solution of protochloride of 
 copper (Cu Cl) ; also in strong chlorhydric acid, 
 not in excess. (Gladstone, J. Ch. Soc., 8. 214.) 
 
 C = ditto + 3 Aq & 4 Aq 
 
 II.) 
 
 a = Cu Cl ; 3 Cu 
 
 b = ditto + 4 Aq Insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in acids. 
 
 c = ditto + 6 Aq Very slightly soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 Soluble in chlorhydric and nitric acids, even when 
 
 these are highly dilute. (F. Field, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 
 
 194.) 
 
 d = ditto + 6 Aq 
 
 III.) CuCl;4CuO, & + 6 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF DIDYMIUM. Insoluble in 
 
 Di Cl ; 2 Di + 3 Aq water. Soluble in dilute 
 
 acids. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 38. 161.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF ETHENE. Vid. Oxide of 
 ChlorEthyl. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF ETHYLIDENE. Not decom- 
 C g H 8 C1 2 2 posed by cold water, but is quickly 
 decomposed on heating. (Lieben.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF GOLD. Soluble in water 
 and in an aqueous solution of caustic potash 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 31. 481.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF IRIDIUM. Ppt. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF IRON. Vid. basic sesqui 
 Chloride of Iron. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) 3 Pb Cl; Pb O Swells up in water. 
 
 II.) Pb Cl; PbO 
 
 III.) PbCl;2PbO Easily soluble in acids. 
 
 IV.) Pb Cl , 3 Pb Almost insoluble in wa 
 ter. Slightly soluble in 
 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. Decora 
 posed by acids. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 V.) PbCl; 6 PbO 
 
 VI.) Pb Cl ; 6 or 7 Pb 0(?) Completely solubl 
 
 (C'assel Yellow.) in an aqueous solu 
 
 tion of caustic pot 
 
 ash. Nitric acid dissolves the oxide of lead, leav 
 ing the normal salt. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF LIME. Vid. OxyChlorid 
 of Calcium. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF MERCURY(Hg 0). 
 
 (Improperly Chlvro Mercurate of Mercury.) 
 
 I.) HgO; 2HgCl Somewhat soluble in wate 
 (Boucher, Ann. Ch. et Phys 
 (3.) 27.353.) Oxychloride of mercury is ver 
 sparingly soluble in water, but acquires the prop 
 erty.of dissolving in considerable quantity whe 
 treated with solutions of the alkaline chloride 
 (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 180.) 
 
 II.) 2HgO; HgCl Almos^ insoluble in water. 
 Decomposed by boiling wa- 
 er ; also by long-continued contact with cold 
 ater. 
 
 III.) 3 Hg ; Hg Cl Very sparingly soluble in 
 cold, more soluble in hot 
 
 ater. (Guibourt; Donavan.) Decomposed by 
 oiling water. (Millon.) 
 
 IV.) 4 HgO; HgCl Does not appear to be 
 decomposed by cold wa- 
 
 r when it is perfectly pure. Decomposed by 
 large quantity of boiling water. (Roucher, 
 K.cit.) 
 
 V.) 5 HgO; HgCl 
 
 VI.) 6 Hg ; Hg Cl + Aq Unacted upon by cold 
 water. 
 
 VII.) 6 HgO; HgCl 
 
 [The reader should consult Roucher's original 
 memoir cited above ; compare also Millon, Ann. 
 h. et Phys., (3.) 18. 387.] 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Very sol- 
 lb C1 2 ; Mo 2 (?) able in water. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF NICKEL. Sparingly solu- 
 fiCl;NiO+Aq ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF PALLADIUM. Insoluble in 
 } Pd 0, Pd Cl + 4 Aq water. (Berzelius.) Solu- 
 ble in acids. (Kane, Phil. 
 Trans., 1842, p. 282.) 
 
 Ox Y CHLORIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Vid. Chlor- 
 Oxide of Phosphorus. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF PLATINUM. Insoluble in 
 Pt Cl ; 3 Pt water. Appears to be soluble in a 
 solution of caustic potash. Com- 
 )ines with ammonia-water, but is not dissolved 
 thereby. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Kane, 
 Phil. Trans., 1842, p. 298.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF SELENETHYL. Soluble in 
 C 4 H 8 Se O ; C 4 H B Se Cl water, and in absolute al- 
 cohol. (Joy.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF SULPHIDE OF CARBON. 
 Vid. Sulphite of Chloride of terChloroMethyl. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF SULPHUR. Exists under 
 
 (HypoMorosulphuric compound.) two modifications; 
 
 S 2 o s C1 2 one of which (crys- 
 
 talline") is decom- 
 posed with extreme violence by water, alcohol, 
 and dilute acids. The othe'r (liquid) is insoluble 
 in water, alcohol, or weak acids, and is only slowly 
 decomposed by them. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 29. 238.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF TELLURETHYL. Sparingly 
 C 4 H 6 Te ; C 4 H s Te Cl soluble in cold water ; 
 much more readily solu- 
 ble in ammonia- water. Soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold alcohol. (Wcehler.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF TELLURMETHYL. Soluble 
 C 2 H s Te O; C 2 H 3 Te Cl in alcohol. ( Wcehler & 
 Dean.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF THORIUM. Decomposed 
 by water. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF TIN. Insoluble in water. 
 SnCl; Sn + 3 Act Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, from 
 which solution metallic tin separates after a time. 
 (Berzelius.) Soluble in chlorhydric, acetic, dilute 
 nitric and sulphuric acids. (J. Davy.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF TUNGSTEN. 
 
 I ) w CU Immediately decomposed by water. 
 (Riche.) 
 
462 
 
 OXYGEN. 
 
 II.) w Cl 2 Skwly decomposed by water 
 
 (Kiche.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. 
 Zn Cl; 9 Zn Somewhat soluble in ammonia- 
 water. Easily soluble in acids. 
 (Schindler.) 
 
 OXYCHLORIDB OF ZIRCONIUM. Vid. Sesqui- 
 Chloride of Zirconium (basic). 
 
 OXYCHLOROCARBONATE OF METHTLENE. 
 
 Vid. ChloroCarbonate of Methyl. 
 
 OXYCHLOROCARBONIC ETHER. Vid. ChlOTO- 
 
 Carbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 OxYCHLORoCiTRic ACID. Deliquesces, with 
 
 (OxyMoride of Citryl.) decomposition. Decom- 
 
 Ou H 8 12 C1 2 posed by most of the 
 
 common solvents, the 
 
 only liquid by which it can be washed and. freed 
 from mother-liquor being (with the possible ex- 
 ception of benzin) bisulphide of carbon, in which 
 it is insoluble, or very sparingly soluble. (Pebal, 
 Ann. CL u. Pharm., 1856, 98. 72.) 
 
 OXYCHLORONAPHTHALENOSE. Insoluble in 
 C 18 H 8 C1 6 2 ? water. Slightly soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 OxYCoBALTi CYANIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 Pb 3 Co 2 Cy 6 , 6 Pb O, 3 H in water. Soluble in 
 acids. (Zwenger.) 
 
 OxYCopAivic ACID. See Resins of Copaiba, 
 under RESINS. 
 
 OxYCcMiNic ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 GZO H 12 Oe cold, more soluble in boiling water ; 
 more readily soluble in alcohol. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 338.) 
 
 OXYCUMINATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 <VH u AgO s 
 
 OXYCYANIDE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 Pb Cy ; 2 Pb 
 
 OXYCYANIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Hg Cy ; HgO Sparingly soluble in cold, tol- 
 erably easily soluble in boiling 
 water. (Schlieper; Johnston.) Somewhat solu- 
 ble in spirit. (Kuehn.) Soluble,, with decom- 
 position, in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 chloride of potassium, and cyanide of potassium. 
 (Johnston.) Decomposed by acids. 
 
 II.) Hg Cy ; 3 Hg Somewhat more soluble in 
 water than the normal 
 cyanide of mercury. (Kuehn.) 
 
 OxYDoCiiLORiDE OF X. Vid. OxyCIiloride 
 ofX. 
 
 OXYFLUORIDE OF ANTIMONY. Permanent. 
 Sb O s ; Sb F1 3 
 
 OXYFLDORIDE OF COBALT. Insoluble in 
 2 (Co O; Co Fl) + Aq water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXYFLUORIDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in 
 Cu Fl; Cu O + Aq water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OXYFLUORIDE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 (Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline 
 fluorides 1] 
 
 OXYGEN. 100 vols. of water absorb 4.6 vols. of 
 oxygen gas at the ordinary temperature ; hence 
 1 kiiogrm. of water contains 0.0464 grm. of 
 oxygen. (Otto-Graham.) Soluble in 27 pts of 
 water at the ordinary temperature. (Pelouze & 
 Fremy.) 100 vols. of water dissolve 0.925 vol. of 
 oxygen. (Gay-Lussac, cited by Fernet, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 47.360.) 100 vols. of arterial blood 
 dissolve from 10 to 13 vols. of oxygen. (Magnus.) 
 
 Dissolves of 
 
 1 vol. of oxygen gas, 
 
 water, under vols., re- 
 
 a pressure of duced to 0C. 
 
 0m. 76 of mer- and 0">.76 
 
 cury, at C. pressure of 
 
 mercury. 
 
 0.04114 
 
 1 0.04007 
 
 2 0.03907 
 
 3 0.03810 
 
 4 0.03717 
 
 5 0.03628 
 
 6 0.03544 
 
 7 0.03465 
 
 8 0.03389 
 
 9 0.03317 
 
 10 0.03250 
 
 11 0.03189 
 
 12 0.03133 
 
 13 0.03082 
 
 14 0.03034 
 
 15 0.00289 
 
 16 0.02949 
 
 17 0.02914 
 
 18 ' 0.02884 
 
 19 OK)2858 
 
 20 002838 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 286, 128, 153.) 
 1 vol. of alcohol under a pressure of Om. 76 of 
 mercury at any temperature from to 24 C. dis- 
 solves 0.28397 vol. of oxygen gas, reduced to 
 and Om. 76 pressure of mercury. (Bunsen's Gas- 
 ometry, pp. 286, 128, 158.) 100 vols. of water at 
 18 dissolve 6.5 vols. of it. 100 vols. of alcohol, 
 of 0.84 sp. gr., at 18 3 dissolve 16.25 vols. of it. 
 (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1814, 47. 
 167.) Insoluble in ether. (Dcebereiner.) Abun- 
 dantly absorbed by oil of turpentine. The oil, in 
 the course of a fortnight's exposure to the air, ab- 
 sorbs its own volume of oxygen, but does not 
 give it off again on boiling. (Brandes.) 1 vol. of 
 oil of turpentine took up in 4 months 20 vols. 
 of oxygen ; in 9 months more, 27.2 vols. ; in the 
 tenth month, at a temperature of 18 to 20, some- 
 what more than 1 vol. daily ; but in the following 
 33 months, only 9 vols. more ; making the quan- 
 tity of oxygen absorbed in the whole 43 months 
 128 vols. (Saussure, Gm., 14. 247.) Oil of tur- 
 pentine in absorbing oxygen acquires new proper- 
 ties, being converted into "ozonized oil of turpen- 
 tine " ; in which compound part of the absorbed 
 oxygen appears to be more intimately, a seeond 
 portion (amounting to 5.2% of the oil) less inti- 
 mately combined, inasmuch as the latter may be 
 transferred to other bodies, and still exhibit the 
 properties of free ozone. (Schcenbein.) The 
 formation of ozonized oil of turpentine takes place 
 on agitating the oil with cold air in presence of 
 light, the action going on the more quickly, the 
 more numerous the points of contact of the oil 
 and the air, the brighter the light, and the lower 
 the temperature. (Gm., 14. 256.) It is absorbed 
 in large quantities at the ordinary temperature by 
 oil of lavender, carbonic acid being given off 
 meanwhile. At 24 oil of lavender absorbed the 
 following quantities of oxygen : In the first 12 
 hours, none ; in the two following days, 1.39 vols. 
 daily ; in the following week, 6.17 vols. daily ; al- 
 together in 4 months, 111 vols.; in the following 
 30 months, 8 vols. ; therefore, in 34| months, 1 1 9 
 vols. ; in the same interval 22.1 vols. of carbonic 
 acid were formed and the oil became somewhat 
 yellowish. Kept over mercury in the shade during 
 four winter months, below 12, it absorbed 52 vols. 
 of oxygen, 2 vols. of carbonic acid being formed. 
 
OXYPICRATES. 
 
 463 
 
 (Saussure, Gm.) Oxygen is absorbed by oil of 
 lemon, whilst carbonic acid, nitrogen, and hy- 
 drogen go off. In a week the oil absorbed 
 0.8 vol. ; in the two following months, as a daily 
 average, 1 07 vols. ; after four weeks at 23, daily 
 1.7'vols. ; within a year 141.7 vols. ; in the follow- 
 ing 30 months scarcely 2 vols.; and yielded 16.6 
 vols. of carbonic acid, 0.66 vol. nitrogen, and 
 0.29 vol. hydrogen. (Saussure, Gm., 14. 298.) 
 1 vol. of caoutchin absorbs in 14 days, 45 vols. of 
 oxygen, without becoming saturated ; in 3 weeks, 
 at 20, it absorbs 2 vols. of oxygen. 
 
 Many metallic oxides are soluble in water ; 
 several of them are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 None of the protoxides, excepting, perhaps, 
 protoxide of uranium, loses its solubility in acids 
 by exposure to a red heat. Most of the protoxides 
 (like Mg 0) form only insoluble basic salts, while 
 the sesquioxides (like A1 2 O 3 ) enter into numerous 
 gum-like soluble sub-acid combinations. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. pp. 206, 208.) Many 
 salts of the metallic oxides are soluble in ether, 
 though fewer than in alcohol. 
 
 OXYGUANIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 C 10 H, N 4 9 ether. Unacted upon by cold chlor- 
 hydric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, and 
 dilute sulphuric acids ; but is in part dissolved by 
 them when warm, separating out again for the 
 most part as the solutions cool. Soluble, without 
 decomposition, in an excess of nitric acid. Easily 
 soluble in aqueous sorations of caustic potash, 
 soda, ammonia, lime, and baryta. Insoluble in 
 solutions of the alkaline carbonates ; but sparingly 
 soluble in solutions of the alkaline bicarbonates. 
 (Kerner, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 103. 253.) 
 
 OP ANTIMONY. Insoluble in 
 
 . (Basic Hydriodate of Antimony.) water. Decomposed 
 
 Sb I 3 ; 5 Sb O 3 by long-continued 
 
 washing with hot 
 
 water, or solutions of the caustic or carbonated 
 alkalies. (Serullas.) 
 
 OXYIODIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) Bi I 3 ; 2 Bi 3 Completely insoluble in water. 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the iodides or chlorides of potassium and of 
 sodium. Very incompletely decomposed by a 
 eolution of caustic potash, even when this is boil- 
 ing ; more easily and completely decomposed by 
 a boiling solution of carbonate of ammonia. 
 (Arppe, in Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) 2 Bi I 8 ; 5 Bi 3 Behaves like No. I. 
 
 Somewhat soluble in tar- 
 
 taric acid, and in a solution of bitartrate of potash. 
 Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid, and in solu- 
 tions of sulphide of .ammonium and caustic pot- 
 ash. Decomposed by nitric acid, with separation 
 W of oxide. Only slowly acted upon by sulphuric 
 acid. 
 
 F CADMIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 
 OXYIODIDE OF COBALT. Insoluble in water. 
 Co I; Co (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 OXYIODIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Pbl; PbO Insoluble in boiling water. 
 
 (Caventou; Brandes) ; or in 
 
 boiling ether. (Vogel.) Decomposed by acetic 
 
 acid. (Brandos; Denot.) Unaltered by a solution 
 
 of iodide of potassium. (Brandes.) 
 
 II ) Pb I ; 2 Pb Insoluble in boiling water. 
 
 III ) Pb I ; 3 Pb + 2 Aq 
 
 IV.) Pb I ; 5 Pb Insoluble in boiling water. 
 
 OXYIODIDE OF <OfERCUR(?'c)AMMONIUM. 
 
 N \ H 2 I- 2 Hg O Permanent. Soluble in chlor- 
 < 2 H ' hydric acid. Insoluble in 
 
 ammonia-water. 
 OXYIODIDE OF MERCURY. Decomposed by 
 
 Hg I ; 3 Hg water. Soluble in iodhydric acid. 
 
 OXYIODIDE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in water, 
 Ni I ; 9 Ni + 15 Aq or ammonia-water. Decom- 
 posed by boiling alcohol, and 
 by a boiling aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 Soluble in acetic acid. 
 
 OXYIODIDE OF TELLURETHYL. Sparingly 
 
 C 4 H 6 Te I ; C 4 H 5 Te soluble in water. Readily 
 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 OXYIODIDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in cold, slight- 
 Zn I, 3 Zn + 2 Aq ly soluble in boiling water. 
 (Millon, in Berzelius's Le/irb., 
 3. 676.) 
 
 OXYMETHYLENE. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 C 4 H 4 4 or ether, when merely boiled with them, 
 but when heated with water to 100 in a 
 sealed tube for several hours it dissolves com- 
 pletely without alteration. (Butlerow.) 
 
 OXYMURIATIC ACID. Vid. Chlorine. 
 
 OXYNAPHTYLAMIN. Vid. Naphtamein. 
 
 OXYPEUCEDANIN. Insoluble in cold ether. 
 C 14 H u 7 (Erdmann.) 
 
 OXYPHENIC ACID. Readily soluble in 
 (Bin Oxide of Phenyl. Pyro- water, alcohol, and 
 CatecMne. PyroCatechucic (when the add , mg 
 Acid. PiiroMoritilanntc Acid.) , - 
 
 i H n r TT o 2 H o been prepared from 
 
 ^12 H 6 U 4 U 12 U 4 U 2> " " u ,.*' 
 
 pyroligneous acid) 
 
 also in ether. (Buchner, Ann. Ch.u Pharm., 96. 
 189.) Readily soluble in water; still more solu- 
 ble in alcohol ; but very sparingly soluble in 
 ether. (Zwenger.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 ether. (Buchner.) Easily soluble in water, alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Reihsch.) Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids. (Zwen- 
 ger.) 
 
 OxYPiiENATE OF LEAD. Permanent. Nearly 
 0,2 H 4 Pb 2 O 4 insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in acetic acid. (Zwenger.) 
 
 OXYPICRIC ACID. Soluble in 104 pts. of 
 
 (Ktyplmic Acid. Artificial Tannin. water at 25 
 
 Artificial Bitter.') f Erdmann) 
 
 C M H 3 N 3 16 = C 12 H (N 4 ) 8 0,, 2 H {fJ^J^J 
 
 water at 62. (Bosttger & Will.) More easily sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. (B. & W.) More 
 readily soluble in strong acetic acid than in water. 
 Easily soluble in concentrated nitric acid ; less 
 soluble in strong chlorhydric acid. On the addi- 
 tion of water it is partially precipitated from both 
 of these solutioas. (B. & W.) 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. More soluble in water than the 
 
 C 12 H (N H 4 ) 2 (N 4 ) 3 4 monobasic salt. Less 
 
 soluble in an aqueous 
 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia than in pure 
 water. 
 
 II.) acid. Less soluble in water than the nor- 
 C 12 H 2 (N H 4 ) (N 4 ) 8 4 malsalt. 
 
 OxYPlCHATE OF AMMONIA & OF COBALT. 
 OxYPlCRATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 
 C M H (N H,) Cu (N 4 ) 3 0, + 8 Aq COPPER. Toler- 
 ably soluble in 
 water. (Bcettger & Will.) 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 C I2 H Ba 2 (N 4 ) 3 4 + 4 Aq 
 
464 
 
 OXYSULPIIOCARBONATES. 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF CADMIUM. I 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF COBALT. Readily soluble 
 Cj, H Co 2 (N 4 ) 3 4 + 8 Aq in water. (Bcettger & 
 
 Will.) 
 OXYPICRATE OF COBALT & OF POTASH. 
 
 C, 2 H Co K (N 4 ) 3 4 + 2 Aq 
 
 OXYPICRATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. (Brettger & 
 C 12 H Cu 2 (N 4 ) 3 4 + 9 Aq Will. ) 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF COPPER & OF POTA8H. 
 C 12 a Cu K (N O 4 ) 3 4 + 4 Aq 
 
 OXYPICRATE of protoxide OF IRON. Readily 
 soluble in water. Readily alterable. 
 
 OxYPlCRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Almost insoluble in water. (Boett- 
 C 12 H 2 Pb (N 4 ) 3 4 , 2 Pb O + 3 Aq ger & Will. ) 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF LlME. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. 
 C 12 H Ca, (N 4 ) g 4 + 7 Aq 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF MAGNESIA. Very readily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 II.) acid Very easily soluble in water. 
 C 12 H 2 Mn (N 4 ) 3 4 + 12 Aq 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF NICKEL. Very readily solu- 
 ble in water. (Bcettger & Will.) 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF NICKEL & OF POTASH. 
 C 12 H Ni K (N 4 ) 3 4 + 4 Aq Difficultly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I. ) normal. Soluble in 58 pts. of water at 23 ; 
 C 12 H K 2 (N 4 ) 3 4 + Aq much less soluble in wa- 
 ter containing caustic pot- 
 ash or carbonate of potash. (Erdmann.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 II 2 K (N 4 ) 3 4 + 2 Aq 
 
 OxYPlCRATE OF SlLYER. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water; on 
 C 12 H Ag 2 (N 4 ) 3 4 + 2 Aq boiling, the aqueous 
 solution is decom- 
 posed. (Bcettger & Will.) 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. (Bcett- 
 C 12 H Na, (N 4 ) 3 4 + 5 Aq ger & Will. ) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I ) normal. More readily soluble than the 
 C 12 H Sr 2 (N 4 ) 3 4 + 4 Aq baryta salt. (Bcettger 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF UREA. 
 2 C 2 I1 4 N 2 2 , C 12 H 2 N 3 15 
 
 OXYPICRATE OF ZINC. Deliquescent. Is the 
 most soluble of any of the oxypicrates. 
 
 OXYPINITANNIC ACID. Readily soluble in 
 C J4 H 8 9 water. (Kawalier.) 
 
 OxYPlNITANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 OXYPORPHYRIC ACID. 
 
 OxYPoRFHYRATE OF AMMONIA. Readily sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of carbonate of am- 
 monia. 
 
 " OXYPROTEIN." Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Bin Oxide of Protein.) 
 
 OXYPYROLIC ACID. Soluble in 42 pts of 
 C 14 H 12 10 - C 14 H 10 O e , 2 H water at 20 ; much 
 more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Soluble in alcohol. (Arppe, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 248.) 
 
 OXYPYROLATE OF BARYTA. Tolerably solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 OXYPYROLATE OF SILVER. 
 CH HIO Ag 2 10 
 
 OXYPYROLATE OF SODA. 
 
 OXYSELENIDE OF ANTIMONY. 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF URANIUM. 
 N H 4 S, 2 Ur 2 S 3 ; 21 (N H 4 0, 2 Ur 2 3 + 3 Aq) Ppt. 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF ANTIMONY. Chlorhydric ' 
 Sb O 3 ; 2 Sb S 3 and tartaric acids dissolve out the 
 oxide, leaving the sulphide of an- 
 timony undissolved. 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF BARIUM. 
 
 I.) BaO, 10 H ; 3 (Ba S, 6 H 0) D e c O m - 
 
 II.) BaO.lOHO; Ba S, 10 H posed by 
 
 boiling wa- 
 III.) 4 (Ba 0, 10 H 0)j 3 (Ba S, 6 H 0) tej . ; h y drate 
 
 of baryta 
 crystallizing out as the solution cools. (H. Rose.) 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF CALCIUM. Decomposed by 
 5 Ca O, Ca S 5 + 20 Aq much water (H. Rose.) Sol- 
 uble in 400 pts. of cold water ; 
 decomposed by boiling water. (Buchner.) Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Gm.) Soluble in alcohol. (Gay- 
 Lussac.) Permanent in dry air. Very sparingly 
 soluble in cold water. Hot water dissolves a 
 much larger portion, but does not deposit it on 
 cooling. An aqueous solution saturated at t8> 
 7.2 was of 1.0105 sp. gr. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. 
 Journ., 1819,1. 12.) 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF COBALT. Cold chlorhydric 
 Co ; Co S acid dissolves out only the oxide of 
 cobalt; but hot chlorhydric acid de- 
 composes it entirely. 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF CYANOGEN. Vid. PcrSul- 
 phoCyanogen. 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF DIDYMIUM. Insoluble in 
 Di 2 ; Di S water. Soluble in dilute chlorhydric 
 acid, with decomposition. (Marig- 
 nac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 158.) 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. 
 Mn 5 Mn S Soluble in acids, with decomposition. 
 (Arfvedson.) 
 
 OXYSULPHIDE OF ZINC. Soluble, with de- 
 composition, in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 OxYSuLPHoCARBONic ACID. Unknown. 
 
 ( DiSulpho Carbonic Acid(of Gerhardt). 
 Carbonyl Siilfostzure(of Weltzien ) . ) 
 
 C 2 H 2 S 4 2 = H g } C 2 S 4 or ^ *" j S 4 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ALLYL. 
 
 (AllylXanthic Acid.) 
 
 C 8 H 8 S 4 2 = C 2 H (C 6 H s ) S 4 2 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ALLYL & OF Po- 
 C 2 K (C e H 5 ) S 4 2 TASSIUM. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMMONIUM & OF 
 
 (AmylXanthogenamate of Ammonia. AMYL. Solu- 
 Amyldi Sulpha Carbonate of Ammonia.) |j] e J Q wa t er ; 
 C 2 (N H 4 ) (C 10 H n ) S 4 2 ^ e solution 
 
 subsequently undergoing gradual decomposition. 
 Soluble in alcohol and in ether. (M. W. Johnson, 
 J.Ch. Soc., 5. pp. 143, 148.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMMONIUM & OF 
 
 (Ethyl diSulpfio Carbonate of Ammonia.) ETHYL. Very 
 C 2 (N H 4 ) (C 4 H 5 ) S 4 2 soluble in wa- 
 
 ter,' and alco- 
 hol. (Zeise.) Insoluble in ether. 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL. 
 
 (Amyldi Sulpha Carbonic Add. Amyl- 
 Oiy Sulpha Carbonic Acid. Amylo- 
 Xanthic Acid. Xanthamylic Acid.) 
 
OXYSULPHOCARBONATES. 
 
 465 
 
 I.) C 12 H 12 2 S 4 = C K> n H 'g|c a S 4 ; Soon de- 
 y Q i comp o s e d 
 
 or H 2 . 6 10 H u I s by water. 
 
 Insoluble in 
 
 an aqueous solution of chloride of potassium. 
 
 II.) C 22 H 22 2 S 4 = C 2 (C 10 H n ) 2 S 4 2 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL & OF 
 COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL & OF 
 C 2 (C 10 H u ) (C 4 H 6 ) S 4 2 ETHYL. Decomposed by 
 concentrated ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL & OF 
 C 2 (C 10 H tl ) Pb S 4 0., LEAD. Ppt. (Balard, /oc. 
 cit.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Johnson.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL & OF 
 MANGANESE. Ppt. (Balard.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL & OF ME- 
 C* (C 10 H n ) (C 2 H 3 ) S 4 2 THYL. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OP AMYL & OF Po- 
 C 2 (C 10 H n ) K S 4 2 TASSIUM. Soluble in water. 
 More soluble in hot than in 
 cold alcohol. Somewhat soluble in ether. (Ba- 
 lard, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 307.) Only 
 slightly soluble in anhydrous ether. (Kolbe's 
 Lehrb., 1.322.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL & OF SIL- 
 VER. Ppt. 
 
 "BznOxYSuLPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL." Vid. 
 
 SulphoCarbonidate of Amyl. 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF BARYTA & OF 
 
 (Ethyldi Sulpha Carbonate of Baryta) ETHYL. Solu- 
 C 2 Ba (C 4 H 5 ) S 4 2 + 2 Aq ble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. fZeise.) 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF CETYL. Most of 
 
 (Cetyldi Sulpha Carbonic Acid.) its compounds, 
 
 O M HS, O 2 S 4 = C 2 H (C 32 HJJ) S 4 2 with metallic 
 
 bases, are insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (De la Provostaye & Desains, 
 Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 6. 500.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OP CETYL & OP 
 LEAD. Ppt., in alcohol. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF CETYL & OF 
 MERcuRY(Hg). Ppt., in alcohol. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF CETYL & OF 
 C 2 K (C 32 Hjg) S 4 2 POTASH. Insoluble in water, 
 which, however, tends to de- 
 compose it. Very abundantly soluble in warm, 
 but only sparingly soluble in cold alcohol, and 
 ether. (Provostaye & Desains, Ibid., p. 495.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF CETYL & OF 
 SILVER. Ppt., in alcohol. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF CETYL & OF 
 ZINC. Ppt., in alcohol. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF CoppER(Cu 2 ) & 
 C 2 Cu 2 (C 4 H B ) S 4 O 2 OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, or ether. Not 
 sensibly soluble in ammonia-water. (Zeise.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 (Ethyldi Sulpha Carbonic Acid. Xan- 
 thogenic Acid. Xanthic Acid.) 
 
 I.) C, H (C 4 H 5 ) S 4 2 Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. Miscible in all 
 
 proportions with caoutchin. (Himly.) The al- 
 kaline salts of this compound are soluble in water. 
 (Zeise.) 
 
 II-) C 2 (C 4 H B ) 2 S 4 2 Insoluble in water. Mis- 
 (Xanthic Ether. Xanthelene. cible in all proportions 
 DiSulphoCarbonate of Ethyl.) with alcohol, and ether. 
 
 59 
 
 (Zeise, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 17. 341 ; and (3.) 
 20. 124. Debus.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF 
 
 (Ethyldi Sulpha Carbonate of Lead.) LEAD. Perma- 
 
 C 2 (C 4 H 6 ) Pb S 4 2 nent> Soluble in 
 
 water. (Laurent, 
 
 Method, p. 250.) Insoluble in cold water, but is 
 slowly decomposed by boiling with water. Toler- 
 ably soluble in warm, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Zeise; Courbe.) Boiling 
 acetic acid has no action upon it, and it is scarcely 
 at all attacked by dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF 
 LIME. Soluble in alcohol. (Zeise.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF 
 MERCURY(Hg). Soluble in a solution of oxysul- 
 phocarbonate of ethyl and of potash. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF 
 
 C 2 (C 4 H 5 ) (C 2 H 3 ) S 4 2 METHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 water. Easily soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether. (Chancel, in GerhardCs Tr., 
 1. 182.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF 
 
 (Ethyldi Sulpha Carbonate of PoTASH. Readily Sol- 
 Potash. Xanthate of Potash.) ui : W nf pl . nn \l l 
 
 r* /l" 1 1 'i !. ^ f\ UUie III Wi(lt5l. <UHl ai- 
 
 ^2 I "'4 n fi/ *^ *^i "2 I- 1 nil 
 
 cohol. Ihe aqueous 
 
 solution is decomposed when heated above 50. 
 Soluble in 5 6 pts. of absolute alcohol ; and 
 this solution is not decomposed by boiling, unless 
 8% or more of water be present. Very sparingly 
 soluble in ether. Insoluble in naphtha. (Zeise.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF 
 SILVER. Soluble in water. (Laurent, in his 
 Method, p. 250.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF 
 
 C 2 (C 4 H 6 ) Na S 4 2 SODA. Soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. (Zeise.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & op 
 ZINC. Sparingly soluble in water ; more readily 
 soluble in dilute alcohol. (Zeise.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF METHYL. 
 
 I.) (Methyldi Sulpha Carbonic Acid. Not isolated. 
 SulphoCarboMethylic Acid. Methyl- 
 Xanthic Acid.) 
 C 2 H (C 2 H 3 ) S 4 2 
 
 II.) (MethylXanthic Ether. Insoluble in water. 
 DiSulphoCarbonate of Methyl. Abundantly soluble 
 SulphoCarboMethylic Ether.) in a l co hol, and ether. 
 u 2 (i/j H,) 2 s 4 u 2 (Zeise Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 20. 122,) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF METHYL & OF 
 C 2 (C a H 3 ) PbS 4 3 LEAD. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF METHYL & OF 
 C 2 (C 2 H 3 ) K S 4 2 POTASSIUM. Soluble in wood- 
 spirit. (Dumas & Peligot.) 
 
 " BznOxYSuLPHOCARBONATE OF METHYL." 
 
 C 4 H 3 S 4 2 Vid. SulphoCarbonidate of Methyl. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCARBONATE OP POTASSIUM & OF 
 C a (0 8 H T )KS 4 2 PROPYL. 
 
 Jj'nOXYSuLPHOCARBONATE OF X. Vid. Sul- 
 
 phoCarbonidate of X. 
 
 OXYSULPHOCYANATE OP ETHYL. Easily 
 
 C 12 H to N 2 S 2 4 soluble in water, and alcohol, 
 though less readily in the former 
 than in the latter. (Debus.) 
 
 OXYSULPHOCYANIDE OF X. Vid. ftoStcSul-. 
 
 phoCyanide of X. 
 
 OXYSULPHURET OF X. Vid. OxySulphide 
 of X. 
 
4G6 
 
 PALMITiN. 
 
 OXYXANTHIC ACID. Vid. EthylSulphoCar- 
 C' 6 H S 2 4 bonic Acid. 
 
 OXYTHYMOYL. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
 U J4 H, 6 O 8 Very sparingly soluble in ether. In- 
 soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. 
 (Lallemand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 49. 167.) 
 
 OZOKERITE. Contains several different sub- 
 (d fossil resin.) stances, some of which are soluble 
 C 4o H o"( ? ) in boiling alcohol, while others are 
 
 insoluble therein. 
 
 P. 
 
 PALLADIUM. Slowly soluble in boiling concen- 
 Pd trated sulphuric acid. Gradually soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid, when in contact with, the 
 air. Somewhat difficultly soluble in nitric acid 
 (more rapidly if it contain nitrous acid) ; and in 
 aqua-regia at the ordinary temperature. 
 
 Palladium is more readily soluble in acids than 
 any of the other so-called platinum metals ; dis- 
 solving, though with difficulty, in concentrated 
 nitric acid, and with extreme ease in aqua-regia. 
 (Glaus, Beitrage, p. 37.) Somewhat soluble in 
 concentrated, but not in dilute iodhydric acid. 
 (H. Rose, Tr.) Palladium is feebly attacked by 
 iodhydric acid, hydrogen being disengaged. (H. 
 Deville, C. R., 1856, 42. 896.) 
 
 PALMIC ACID. Vid. Ricinelaidic Acid. 
 PALMIN. Vid. Ricinelaidin. 
 
 PALMITIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 (Ethalic Acid. Cetylic Acid. Olidic Acid.) in hot, spar- 
 C 32 H 32 4 = C 32 H 31 O s , H O ingly solu- 
 
 ble in cold 
 
 alcohol. Very soluble in ether. Soluble in hot 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, from which solution 
 it is precipitated on the addition of water. (Mas- 
 kelyne, J. Ch. Soc., 8. 5.) Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in all proportions in alcohol of 0.820, at 
 50, separating out in part as the solution cools. 
 Extremely soluble in ether. Also soluble in a 
 mixture of alcohol and ether. (Lawrence Smith, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 45, 52.) Its alkaline 
 salts are soluble in water. 
 
 PALMITATE OF AMMONIA. Insoluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 PALMITATE OF AMYL. Soluble in ether. 
 C 32 H 81 (C 10 H u ) 4 
 
 PALMITATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble, or very 
 C a , H.. Ba O 4 sparingly soluble in water, or alco- 
 hol. (Maskelyne, J. Ch. Soc., 
 8.8.) 
 
 PALMITATE OF CETYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Spermaceti. Cetln. Etlialate Soluble in 40 ptS. of 
 of Ethal Cetylate ofCetyl.) boiling alcohol, of 
 C 32 H 31 (0 82 i 33 ) U 4 Q821 gp gr ^ and . n 
 
 7 pts. of boiling absolute alcohol. Also soluble in 
 hot ether, separating out again for the most part 
 as the solution cools, in wood-spirit, and the fatty 
 and essential oils. Somewhat difficultly saponiv 
 fied by potash. 
 
 100 pts. of boiling alcohol, of 0.821 sp. gr. dis- 
 solve 2.5 pts. of it, the greater part being depos- 
 ited again as the solution cools ; more soluble in 
 absolute alcohol, and in ether, also in oil of tur- 
 pentine, the fatty oils, benzin, chloroform, lignone, 
 creosote, coal-oils, &c. 
 
 PALMITATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 C 82 H 3l Cu 0. 
 
 PALMITATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Ethalic Ether.) Soluble in alcohol. (Maskelyne, 
 32 H 3i (f 4 H 5 ) 4 J. Ch. Hoc., 8.11.) 
 
 PALMITATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Palmitin. 
 
 PALMITATB OF GLYCOCOLL. Soluble in hot, 
 C 32 H 3 i (C 4 H 5 N 4 ) 4 + 10 Aq less soluble in cold 
 spirit. (Horsford, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 4. 63.) 
 
 PALMITATE OF LEAD. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 C 3 2 H st Pb 4 ingly soluble in water, or alcohol. 
 (Maskelyne, ./. Ch. Soc., 8. 9.) In- 
 soluble in cold ether. (Lawrence Smith, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 42.) 
 
 PALMITATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water, or 
 ether. Slightly soluble in warm alcohol of 0.820. 
 (Lawrence Smith, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 42.) 
 Insoluble in ether. (Shueler.) 
 
 PALMITATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble, or very 
 C 32 H 31 Mg0 4 sparingly soluble in water or alco- 
 hol. (Maskelyne, J. Ch. Soc., 8. 
 9.) Soluble in boiling alcohol, from which it 
 separates almost completely on cooling. 
 
 PALMITATE OF METHYL. 
 M H SI (C, H 3 ) 4 
 
 PALMITATE OF MYRICYL. Insoluble in cold 
 (Myricin.) alcohol. Easily soluble in 
 
 C s 2 HSI ( u oo H oi) 4 ether. Soluble'in creosote. 
 
 Soluble in 200 pts. of boil- 
 ing alcohol ; and in 99 pts. of cold ether. Easily 
 soluble in oil of turpentine. Soluble in naphtha. 
 ( Wittstein's Ilandw.) 
 
 PALMITATE OF POTASH. Soluble in a small 
 C 32 H 31 K0 4 quantity of water. Decomposed by 
 much water. Completely soluble in 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 PALMITATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in warm 
 C S2 H 8 , AgO 4 water. (L. Smith, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 6.47.) 
 
 PALMITATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, and in 
 C 32 H Jtl Na04 dilute alcohol. Also soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol. More readily decom- 
 posed by water than the potash salt. (Maskelyne, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 8. 8.) Soluble in water, in water con- 
 taining carbonate of soda, and in absolute alcohol. 
 (Lawrence Smith, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 47.) 
 
 PALMITIN. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 
 (MonoPalmitateofGlyceryl.) ether. (Ber- 
 
 Csg H^ O s = C 6 H 5 3 , 2 H O, C 32 H 31 3 thelot, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 41. 238.) 
 >PALMITIN. Soluble in hot ether. (Berthe- 
 
 (BiPalmitate of Glyceryl.) lot, loc . 
 
 ^70 68 10 =' C 6 H 5 3 , II 0, 2 C 8 , H 3I 3 cit.) 
 
 TV/PALMITIN. Insoluble in water. Almost 
 
 ( TerPalmitate of Glyceryl. insoluble in hot 
 
 Same as natural P^mUin.) alcohol. Insol- 
 
 C loa H M 12 = C 6 H 5 3 , 3 C 32 H 31 3 ^^ Qf neady 
 
 so in cold ether. Easily soluble in boiling ether. 
 Very slowly acted upon by an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Maskelyne, J. Ch. Soc., 8. 7.) 
 Very sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. Solu- 
 ble in all proportions in hot ether. (Boudet & 
 Pelouze ?) Almost insoluble in cold, more solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol. Soluble in all proportions 
 in boiling ether. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, soluble in hot ether 
 (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 PALMITONIC ACID(?) (Schwarz.) 
 c s , 4 = c sl H 30 3 , n o 
 
PARAMECONIC ACID. 
 
 467 
 
 H iwn i* 
 "21 "s= 
 
 PALMITONE. Soluble in strong boiling alcohol. 
 (Etkaloae.) ^ Highly soluble in benzin. 
 
 C 62 H 62 O a '= C S2 C H 31 H <M Unacted upon by dilute 
 so si nitric acid, or by an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. (Maskelyne, ,7. 
 Ch. Soc., 8. 12.) 
 
 PANACONE. Insoluble in water, or ether. Sol- 
 
 C 22 H ts s u ^ e i" alcohol- Soluble in concen- 
 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Garrigues, 
 
 Ann., Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 234.) 
 
 PANAQUlLONE(from the root of Panax quinque 
 
 C 24 H 23 18 folius). Easily soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Soluble, 
 
 with decomposition, in strong acids. (Garrigues, 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 232.) 
 
 PAPAVERIC AciD(from Papaver Rhceas). 
 (Rhceadic Acid.) 
 
 PAPAVERIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 c 4oH 20 8 soluble in cold, more 
 H soluble in hot alcohol, 
 
 and ether. (G.Merck.) 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 More soluble than narcotin in boiling alcohol. 
 Soluble in nitric acid, without decomposition, if 
 this is not added in too great excess. (Anderson.) 
 Most of its salts are difficultly soluble in water. 
 PAPTRIN. 
 
 ( Vegetable Parchment.) 
 
 PARABANIC ACID. Permanent. More solu- 
 C 8 H, N 3 6 ble than oxalic acid in water. Easily 
 soluble in water. Soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Insoluble in iodide of ethyl. 
 
 PARABANATE OF AMMONIA Known only in 
 C 6 (NH 4 ) 2 N a 6 solution, and this gradually de- 
 composes on standing. (Bcrze- 
 lius, Lehrb., 3. 323.) 
 
 PARABANATE OP METHYL. Soluble in 3 pts. 
 (DMethylParabanic Acid. of cold water ; and in 
 
 NitroThein. CkolMrophan.) much less hot water> 
 C 6 (C, H 3 ) 2 H, o 6 Readily soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 PARABANATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in boiling 
 C 8 A ?2 N 2 e water - Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and in nitric acid. 
 
 PARABANATE OF UREA. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 2 H 4 N 2 O 2 , C 6 H N 2 cold water. Soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. (Hlazi- 
 wetz.) 
 
 PARABENZIN. 
 
 (ParaBemole.) 
 C 1S H 6 
 
 PARABENZOIC ACID. Vid. Benzoic Acid 
 (Amorphous). 
 
 PARACAJPUTENE. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 G 4oH 32 or oil of turpentine. Soluble in ether. 
 (Max. Schmidl.) 
 
 PARA CAMPHORIC ACID. 
 
 (Racemic Camphoric Acid.) 
 Cjo H 18 O g 
 
 PARACELLULOSE. Insoluble in an aqueous 
 solution of cupramin, but becomes soluble after 
 being treated with acids or aqueous solutions of 
 the alkalies, or after being boiled with water dur- 
 ing 24 hours. Soluble in concentrated chlorhydric 
 and sulphuric acids, and in boiling potash-lye. 
 (Fremy.) 
 
 PARACHOLIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Its 
 
 (ParaGlycochoKt Acid.) salts are identical with 
 
 C 62 H 43 N O 12 those of cholic acid in solu- 
 
 bility, as in all other re- 
 
 spects. 
 
 PARACOMENIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 C, 2 H 4 10 water. Less soluble than pyromcconic 
 acid in water, and alcohol. 
 
 PARACTANIDE OF SILVER. 
 
 PARACYANOGEN. Insoluble in water. (Del- 
 C, 2 N 6 brueck.) Insoluble in alcohol. Soluble 
 in hot concentrated chlorhydric, and sul- 
 phuric acids (Johnston); according to Berzdius, 
 it is not dissolved, but is merely held in suspen- 
 sion by the sulphuric acid. Insoluble in nitric 
 add or in ammonia-water; but it dissolves in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash, probably with 
 decomposition. (Johnston.) Soluble in concen- 
 trated nitric, sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids, and 
 is reprecipitated from the two last on the addition 
 of water. Soluble in warm concentrated aqueous 
 solutions of caustic and carbonated alkalies. 
 (Johnston ; Thaulow, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 1. 337.) 
 
 PARAELLAGIC ACID. Vid. RufiGallic Acid. 
 
 " PARAFFIN." Consists of several isomeric 
 bodies, some of which are more soluble than 
 others in alcohol. (Hofstaedter, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 91. 330.) A specimen melting at 66.2 
 was insoluble in water, and was unacted upon by 
 caustic potash, or by concentrated sulphuric or 
 nitric acids. It dissolved in warm creosote, sepa- 
 rating out again on*cooling. It was difficultly 
 soluble in cold alcohol. 100 pts. of boiling alco- 
 hol of 94% dissolved 3.5 pts. of it, the solution be- 
 coming solid on cooling. Warm ether dissolved 
 about 130 to 140 pts. of it, the solution solidifying 
 on cooling. It was easily soluble in warm oil of 
 turpentine, and very easily in warm olive-oil, 
 almond-oil, and castor-oil. A fossil substance, dug 
 from a peat-bog, melting at 107.5, exhibited the 
 same solubility as the specimen above described, 
 and resembled it in all respects, excepting the 
 melting-point, and in containing less hydrogen. 
 (Trommsdorff, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 128.) 
 A specimen fusing at 58.25 and congealing at 
 54.50 dissolved in 3358.8 pts. of cold alcohol, of 
 0.833 sp. gr., and in 137.4 pts. of boiling alcohol, 
 of 0.833 sp. gr.; in 78 pts. of cold, and in 9 pts. 
 of boiling ether ; in 33.5 pts. of cold oil of turpen- 
 tine ; and in 167.25 pts. of cold olive-oil. (E. 
 Spiess.) 
 1 pt of benzin dissolves 0.3 pt. of paraffin * at 20 
 
 f " n 7 " " 23 
 
 0.7 
 4.0 
 5.0 
 
 23 
 39 
 43 
 
 7.7 " 46 
 
 (Vogel & Scheller, Dingier 's Polytcc/i. Journ., 
 
 164. 221.) 
 
 1 pt of chloroform dissolves 0.16 pt. of paraffin* 
 at 17, and 0.22 pt. at 23. (Vogel & Scheller, 
 Dingier 1 * Polytech. Journ., 164. 221.) 
 
 1 pt of bisulphide of carbon dissolves 1 pt. of 
 paraffin* at 23. (Vogel & Scheller, Dingier' s 
 Polytech. Journ., 164. 221.) Soluble in creosote, 
 and eupion (coal-oil). (Reichenbach.) [Com- 
 pare Melene.] 
 
 PARAGLOBULARETIN. Soluble in alcohol, from 
 
 r- w o which it is precipitated on the addition 
 
 of water. Insoluble in ether. (Walz.) 
 
 PARAL.ACTIC Acio(of Heintz). Vid. Savco- 
 Lactic Acid. 
 
 PARAMALEIC ACID. Vid. Fumaric Acid. 
 PARAMECONIC ACID. Vid. Comenic Acid. 
 
 * Obtained from oil filled from lignite; the sample 
 examined melted at 48, and solidified at 45 a . 
 
468 
 
 PARATARTRATES. 
 
 PARAMENISPERMIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Isomeric with Menispermin.) Readily soluble in boil- 
 C 18 H n N 2 ing alcohol. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in ether. Sol- 
 uble in dilute acids. (Pelletier & Courbe.) 
 
 PARAMIDIC ACID. Vid. Mellithteramic Acid. 
 
 PARAMID. Vid. Mellithamid. 
 
 PARAMUCIO ACID. Soluble in 73.6 pts. of 
 
 (ParaScMeimsaure. Isomeric with cold, and in 17.2 
 Mucic and Saccharic Acids.} ptg _ Q f bo jl ing wa _ 
 
 Cl2Hl 18 ter; or 100 pts. of 
 
 boiling water dissolve 5.8 pts. of it. (Malaguti.) 
 More soluble than mucic acid in water. (Lau- 
 gier.) Soluble in alcohol. (Malaguti.) 
 
 Its salts are more soluble than those of mucic' 
 acid, but are converted into the latter when their 
 aqueous solutions are boiled. 
 
 PARAMUCATE OF AMMONIA. Is the only 
 paramucate which is less soluble than the corre- 
 sponding mucate. It is almost insoluble in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 PARAMUCATE OF SILVER. 
 
 PARAMYLENE. Insoluble in water. (Kolbe's 
 C 20 H.,0 Lehrb., 1. 390.) 
 
 PARAMYLONE(from the infusorium Euglena m- 
 C 24 HJQ Ocjo ridis). Insoluble in water, dilute 
 acids, ammonia-water, alcohol, ether, 
 or saline solutions. Soluble, without decomposi- 
 tion, in strong potash-lye. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 PARANAPHTHALIN. Insoluble in water. Scarce- 
 
 (Antkracene. Pyrene.~) ly at all soluble in alcohol, 
 
 c ao H i2"( ? ) or ether. [Soluble in the 
 
 oils of coal-tar.] Its best 
 
 solvent is oil of turpentine. 
 
 PARANICENE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 c io H i2( ? ) alcohol, and ether. (St. Evre.) 
 
 PARANICINE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 CjjoHjjN alcohol, and ether. Also, with com- 
 bination, in dilute nitric, acetic, chlor- 
 hydric, and oxalic acids. (St. Evre.) 
 
 PARANITRANILIN. Vid. NitrAnilin(a). 
 
 PARAPECTIC ACID. Soluble in water. The 
 C 24 H 1B 21 , 2 H aqueous solution rapidly decom- 
 poses, with formation of meta- 
 pectic acid. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 
 37.) Alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous 
 solution. 
 
 PARAPECTATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 PARAPECTATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 PARAPECTATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 24 H 13 21 ,2PbO 
 
 PARAPECTATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 PARAPECTATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 PARAPECTIN. Very soluble in water. Insolu- 
 
 C M H 40 68 , 6 H O ble in alcohol. Decomposed 
 
 by alkaline solutions, and by 
 
 boiling acids. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 24. 14.) 
 
 PARAPECTIN with LEAD. Ppt. 
 CM H 40 5(i , 6 H 0, 2 Pb 
 
 PARAPICOLIN. Soluble in all proportions in 
 N I r H '" a l cono l> ether, and the fatty and es- 
 
 i l2 7 sential oils. 
 
 PARAPYROCITRIC ACID. Vid. Itaconic Acid 
 
 PARASALICYL. Vid. BenzoSalicyl. 
 
 PARATARTRALIC ACID. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 C g H 4 O w ble in water. In aqueous solution it 
 
 changes to racemic acid; so also the solutions of 
 its salts. 
 
 PARATARTRALATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PARATARTRALATE OF LEAD. 
 
 PARATARTRALATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PARATARTRALATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. (Fremy.) 
 
 PARATARTRAMID. 
 
 C 8 H 8 N 2 8 = N 2 jsH 4 8 " 
 
 PARATARTARIC ACID. Permanent. Less sol- 
 
 (Racemic Acid. Uvic Acid. uble than 
 
 Vinic Acid. Traubensaeure.) tnrtnri< 
 
 C 8 H 6 ]2 + 2 Aq = C 8 H, ]0 , 2 H + 2 Aq ** J Jj 
 
 water, and alcohol. Soluble in 5.7 pts. of water, at 
 15; and in 48 pts. of alcohol, of 0.809 sp. gr., at 
 the ordinary temperature. (Walchner.) Soluble 
 in 57.5 pts. of water at 15; the saturated solution 
 containing 17.39% of it. Less soluble in alcohol 
 than in water. (Mohr, Redwood & Procter's Phar- 
 macy.} Very sparingly soluble in a concentrated 
 solution of tartaric acid. 
 
 Soluble in boiling creosote ; the solution solidi- 
 fies on cooling. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Scarcely 
 C 8 H 4 (N H 4 ) 2 12 at all soluble in alcohol. (Fre- 
 senius.) 
 
 II.) add. Permanent. Soluble in 100 pts. of 
 C 8 H 5 (N H 4 ) O 12 water at 20 ; and much more sol- 
 uble in boiling water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF ARSENI- 
 CS H 4 (As 2 ) (N H 4 ) ]2 + Aq ocs ACID. Efflores- 
 cent. Soluble in 10.62 
 
 pts. of water at 15; the solution undergoes de- 
 composition when it is evaporated. (Werther. ) 
 . PARATARTRATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide 
 OF IRON. Easily soluble in water. (Walchner.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. 
 C 8 H 4 Na (N H 4 ) 12 + 2 Aq & 8 Aq Efflorescent, 
 
 Readily soluble 
 
 in water, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when boiled. (Fresenius.) The aqueous solution 
 saturated at 11 marks 23 Baume, and at 21, 28 
 Baume'. This salt consists of a mixture of the 
 right and left tartrates of ammonia and of soda. 
 (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28. pp. 58, 64.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF POTASH. 
 C 8 H 4 K (Sb O 2 ) 12 & + Aq 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF ARSENIOUS ACID & OF 
 C 8 H 4 K (As O 2 ) O u + 3 Aq POTASH. Slowly efflo- 
 rescent. Soluble in 7.96 
 
 pts. of water at 15; the solution undergoing de- 
 composition when evaporated. (Werther.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF ARSENIOUS ACID & OF 
 C 8 H 4 Na (As 2 ) 12 + 6 Aq SODA. Soluble in 14.59 
 pts. of water at 19. 
 ( Wertheu,) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF BARYTA. Almost insolu- 
 C 8 H 4 Ba 2 12 + 5 Aq ble in cold water. Soluble 
 in 200 [2000 1] pts. of boil- 
 ing water. Easily soluble in chlorhydric and 
 nitric acids. (Fresenius.) Insoluble in acetic 
 acid or in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 chloride of ammonium (hot), nitrate of ammonia, 
 or succinate of ammonia. (Walchner.) Soluble 
 in hot paratartaric acid, from which it is depos- 
 ited on cooling. 
 
PAEATARTRATES. 
 
 469 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF BORACIC ACID & OF POT- 
 ASH. Hygroscopic. Readily soluble in water. 
 (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF BORACIC ACID & OF 
 SODA. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. (Fre- 
 senius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble in 
 CgHiCdjO,, water or in ordinary alcohol. 
 (Schiff.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 Readily soluble in paratartaric acid. (Beringer.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF CHROMIUM. Soluble in 
 water ; from which solution it is precipitated on 
 the addition of alcohol ; after drying, this precipi- 
 tate is not soluble in water, unless this be acidu- 
 lated with paratartaric acid. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF COBALT. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold or hot water; more readily soluble in 
 paratartaric acid ; and still more readily in chlor- 
 hydric acid, or an aqueous solution of caustic pot- 
 ash. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF COBALT & OF POTASH. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 paratartaric acid, and in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE ofdinoxide OF COPPER. Tol- 
 erably soluble in water. (Walchner.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Per- 
 C 8 H 4 Cu 2 O ia + 4 Aq manent. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold, more freely in hot 
 water. Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Fre- 
 senius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE of protoxide OF COPPER & OF 
 POTASH. Sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE of protoxide OF COPPER & OF 
 SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very slowly soluble in cold, more 
 C 8 H 4 Na Cu 12 + Aq readily soluble in hot water. 
 (Werther.) 
 
 II.) basic. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 C 8 H 4 Na Cu 12 ; 2 Cu + 8 Aq readily soluble in 
 hot water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Werther.) 
 
 PARATARTRAT* of protoxide OF IRON. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. Readily soluble in para- 
 tartaric, acetic, and the mineral acids, in ammo- 
 nia-water, and an aqueous solution of caustic pot- 
 ash. 
 
 PARATARTRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Very 
 soluble in water, from which it is precipitated by 
 alcohol, but not by alkaline solutions. (Fre- 
 senius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF 
 POTASH. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, and 
 in paratartaric acid. It is not precipitated by 
 alkaline solutions. 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF LEAD. Soluble in warm 
 C 8 H 4 Pb 2 0,2 paratartaric acid. More soluble in 
 tartaric acid than tartrate of lead. 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble 
 C 8 H 4 Ca-j 12 -f 8 Aq in boiling, almost insoluble 
 in cold water. Less soluble 
 than sulphate of lime in water. Scarcely at all 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium. (H.Rose.) Sparingly soluble in warm 
 solutions of sulphate, and succinate, of ammonia 
 and chloride of ammonium. (Wittstein.) Readily 
 soluble in a cold solution of caustic potash, from 
 which it is reprecipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 Soluble in chlorhydric acid, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated by ammonia. Insoluble in acetic acid, 
 or in paratartaric acid, after it has once become 
 crystallized. 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF MAGNESIA. Effloresces 
 C 8 H 4 Mg 2 12 -j- 10 Aq in dry air. Soluble in 120 
 pts. of water at 19; and in 
 less boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. Soluble, 
 without change, in paratartaric acid. Easily sol- 
 uble in strong mineral acids. Insoluble in acetic 
 acid. Soluble in potash-lye. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. 
 
 C 8 H 4 Mn, 0, 2 + 2 Aq Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 cold, more readily soluble 
 
 in hot water. Readily soluble in acids, and also 
 in alkaline solutions ; hence neither acids nor al- 
 kalies precipitate it one from the other. (Frese- 
 nius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Insoluble in water or in paratartaric acid. Easily 
 soluble in nitric acid. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF METHYL. Vid. Methyl- 
 ParaTartaric Acid. 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF NICKEL. Effloresces 
 C 8 H 4 Ni 2 12 + 10 Aq slowly in dry air. Sparingly 
 soluble in hot water, more 
 soluble in paratartaric acid, and still more soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. Soluble, also, in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash, and of warm carbo- 
 nate of soda. (Werther.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Soluble in 0.97 pt. 
 C 8 H 4 Kj O u -1- 4 Aq of water at 25. Almost insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Fresenius.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in 180 pts. of 
 CgHgKOjz water at 19 ; in 139 pts. of water at 
 25, and in 14.3 pts. of boiling water. 
 Less soluble in water than the corresponding tar- 
 trate. Insoluble in alcohol. Easily soluble in the 
 mineral acids. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. 
 C g H 4 K Na 12 + 8 Aq Efflorescent. Easily soluble 
 in water. (Fresenius.) Con- 
 sists of a mixture of the right and left tartrates of 
 potash and soda. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. el Phys., 
 (3.) 28. 63.) Soluble in 1.32 pts. of water at 6, 
 and in all proportions in hot water. 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soln- 
 C 8 H 4 Ag 2 12 ble in water, being less soluble than 
 the tartrate of silver. Soluble in 
 ammonia- water. (Liebig & Redtenbacher.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF SODA. 
 I.) normal. Permanent, Soluble in 2.63 pts. 
 C. EL Na, O,, of water at 25. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Walchner.) 
 
 II.) add. Permanent. Soluble in 11.3 pts. of 
 C 8 H 5 NaOi 2 +2Aq water at 19; and in much 
 less boiling water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Fresenius.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF STRONTIA. Almost in- 
 C, H. Sr 2 12 + 8 Aq soluble in cold, very sparingly 
 soluble in boiling water. Ea- 
 silv soluble in chlorhydric acid. Insoluble in 
 acetic acid. (Fresenius.) It forms clear solutions 
 with hot aqueous solutions of nitrate and succinate 
 of ammonia and chloride of ammonium ; but these 
 solutions become turbid on cooling. (Wittstein.) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Very 
 deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 
470 
 
 PECTOLACTATES. 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF TIN. Soluble in water. 
 (Walchner ) 
 
 PARATARTRATE OP ZINC. Scarcely at all 
 soluble iu water ; more soluble in para tartaric acid, 
 and still more soluble in chlorhydric acid. ( Wer- 
 ther.) 
 
 PARATARTRELIC ACID. 
 C 8 H 4 10 
 
 PARATARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 PARATARTRATE OF LIME. 
 
 PARATARTROMETHYLIC AdD. Vid. Methyl- 
 
 ParaTartaric Acid. 
 
 PARATARTRoViNic ACID. Vid. EthylPara- 
 Tartaric Acid. 
 
 PARATHIONIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 (BetaSulpho Vinic Acid.) 
 
 PARATHIONATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in wa- 
 C 4 H s Ba S 2 Og + 2 Aq ter, the solution not under- 
 going decomposition when 
 boiled. 
 
 PARATHIONATE OF LIME. 
 C 4 H 5 Ca S 2 Og -t- 2 Aq 
 
 PARELLIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Parellin.) cold water. Easily 
 
 C 18 H 6 8 = C 18 II S 0,, H & + Aq soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether, from 
 
 which water precipitates it. More soluble in 
 acetic acid than in water. Slowly soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, lime, and 
 baryta, from which it is precipitated by acids ; less 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PARELLATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in warm baryta-water. 
 
 PARELLATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 PARELLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 C 18 H 5 Pb 8 (?) 
 
 PARICIN. Sparingly soluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in dilute 
 acids, forming salts which are readily soluble. 
 (Winkler.) 
 
 PARiDiN(from Paris quadrifolia). 100 pts. of 
 C 12 H 10 8 ? or C 16 H 14 7 + 2 Aq(?j water dissolve 
 
 1.5 pts. of it ; 
 
 100 pts. of alcohol of 94.5% dissolve 2 pts. of it, 
 and 100 pts/ of ordinary alcohol, 6 pts. of it. 
 Insoluble in ether. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 Decomposed by sulphuric, phosphoric, and nitric 
 acids ; also by a warm solution of caustic potash. 
 
 PARIETIC ACID. Vid Chrysophanic Acid. 
 
 PARIETIN. Vid. Usnic Acid. 
 
 PARIGLIN. Vid. Smilacin. 
 
 PARVOLIN. Soluble in coal-oil naphtha. (Gr. 
 (Isnmerie with, Cumidin.) Williams.) 
 N j C 18 H 18 '" 
 
 PEARLASH. Vid. Carbonate of Potash. 
 
 PECTASB. Exists in vegetables in two states, 
 in one of which it is soluble, while in the other 
 it is insoluble in water. The aqueous solution of 
 the soluble modification soon undergoes decom- 
 position when left to itself. The soluble form is 
 converted into the insoluble by adding alcohol to 
 the aqueous solution, the precipitate which forms 
 being no longer soluble in water. Both modifica- 
 tions are insoluble in alcohol. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 24. 21.) 
 
 PECTIC ACID. Insoluble in cold, scarcely at 
 
 C S2 H 20 28 ,2HO all soluble in boiling water. 
 
 After standing for a long time 
 
 with water it dissolves completely, with decom- 
 
 position. It is also dissolved, with decompo- 
 sition, by long-continued boiling with water. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. pp. 26, 36.) 
 Soluble in water. (Schunck.) Slightly soluble 
 in boiling water. The aqueous solution is coagu- 
 lated by alcohol, and by a solution of sugar. 
 Easily soluble in alkalies, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated by alcohol as well as by acids. (John 
 Porter, Am. J. Sci., (2.) Q. 21.) Easily soluble in 
 alkaline liquids, even when these are very dilute ; 
 it is quickly decomposed, however, by an excess of 
 alkali. (Fremy, loc. cit., p. 28.) When boiled 
 with dilute acids it is converted into metapectic 
 acid, which dissolves. (Fremy.) Insoluble in 
 alcohol, ether, or the organic acids. (Braconnot.) 
 
 The aqueous solutions of many neutral salts, of 
 almost all the organic salts of ammotiia, and es-" 
 pecially the soluble pectates, dissolve considerable 
 quantities of pectic acid-, forming with it ill-defined 
 compounds which are soluble in water and pre- 
 cipitable therefrom by alcohol. (Fremy, loc. cit., 
 pp. 28, 32.) 
 
 The alkaline pectates are soluble in water, but 
 insoluble in alcohol. The other pectates are in- 
 soluble. Insoluble pectic acid is precipitated 
 when they are treated with acids. 
 
 PECTATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 from which solution it is precipitated by al- 
 cohol. 
 
 PECTATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 PECTATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in boiling 
 water. (Braconnot.) 
 
 PECTATE OF LEAD. Ppt., decomposed by boil- 
 C 32 H 20 28 , 2 Pb ing water. 
 
 PECTATE OF LIME. Insoluble in boiling water, 
 and ammonia-water. 
 
 PECTATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, less 
 soluble in a solution of potash. 
 
 PECTATE OF SILVER, Ppt. 
 
 PECTATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 PECTIN. Soluble in cold water, from which it 
 0,54 H^ Ogg, 8 H is precipitated by alcohol. On 
 boiling the aqueous solution it 
 is transformed to parapectin. Decomposed by 
 alkaline solutions, also by boiling dilute acids. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. pp. 12, 14, 
 36.) When its aqueous solution is allowed to 
 stand, pectin changes into metapectic acid, the 
 transformation being more rapid in case pectose is 
 likewise present. 
 
 PECTOLACTIC ACID. Deliquescent. Soluble 
 C w H 8 O t , = C 16 H 6 Ojo, 2 H O + 2 Aq & 5 Aq in all 
 
 p r o - 
 
 portions in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. The pectolactates of the alkalies and al- 
 kaline earths are all easily soluble in. water, ex- 
 cepting the lime salt; they are all insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Bcedeker & Struckmann, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 100. 284.) 
 
 PECTOLACTATE or BARYTA. Easily soluble 
 
 C 16 H 8 Ba^'Ojj + 6 Aq & 9 Aq in water. Insoluble 
 
 in alcohol. (B. & S.) 
 
 PECTOLACTATE OF COBALT. Insoluble in 
 water. Easily soluble in an excess of pectolactic 
 acid. (B. & S.) 
 
 PECTOLACTATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Easily soluble in an excess of pectolactic acid. 
 Soluble in a solution of caustic soda. (B. & S.) 
 
 PECTOLACTATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. In- 
 6 Fe 2 3) C tB H 6 10 + 8 Aq soluble in water, or pec- 
 
PERCHLORATES. 
 
 471 
 
 tolactic acid. Soluble in a solution of caustic 
 soda. (B. & S.) 
 
 PECTOLACTATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. Soluble in pectolactic 
 acid and in an aqueous solution of acetate of lead. 
 (B.&S.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water, or an aqueous 
 solution of acetate of lead. Soluble in pectolactic 
 acid. (B. & S.) 
 
 PECTOLACTATE OF MEKCURY. 
 
 I.) of the dinoxide. I Insoluble in pectolactic 
 
 II.) of the protoxide. \ acid. Difficultly soluble 
 in dilute nitric acid. (B. & S.) 
 
 PECTOLACTATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in pectolactic acid. (B. & S.) 
 
 PECTOSE. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 By the action of warm acids, excepting acetic 
 acid, it is converted into pectin. (Fremy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 7.) 
 
 PECTOSIC ACID. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 C 32 H 20 28 , 3 H cold water, but is easily soluble 
 in boiling water, the solution 
 gelatinizing on cooling. Insoluble in water acidu- 
 lated with chlorhydric acid, or other acids. Grad- 
 ually decomposed by the action of boiling water, 
 or alkaline liquors. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 24.23.) 
 
 PKCTOSATE OF BARYTA. Ppt., soluble in 
 C 32 H 20 O 28 , H 0, 2 Ba dilute acids. 
 
 PKCTOSATE OF LEAD. Ppt., soluble in warm 
 C 3 , 1I 20 28 , H 0, 2 Pb O dilute acids. 
 
 PELARGONIC AciD(Anhydrous). Very slowly 
 (Pdargonic Pelargtmute.) acidified by water. (Chi- 
 
 Cso H 34 6 = 18 H 17 n 3 I ozza Ann - Ch- et Phys., 
 ">Hi7U 3 <> (3.) 39. 208.) 
 
 PELARGONIC ACID. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 {Identical with (Enanthic Add, water (Gerhlirdt.) 
 
 according to Delifs) Very difficulty soluble 
 
 C, a U, O. = C-,0 H 17 Oq, HO . J r . ,.. 
 
 in water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Redtenbacher.) 
 
 PELARGONATE OF AMMONIA. With water it 
 forms a soapy solution. Very readily soluble in 
 cold alcohol. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 PELARGONATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. 
 C 18 H 17 Ba 4 Slightly soluble in water. Soluble 
 in boiling, less soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. (Cahours, ./. Ch. Soc., 3. 241.) Difficultly 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Redtenbacher.) 
 Much less soluble in water or alcohol than the 
 valerate, oenanthylate, or caprylate of baryta, but 
 more soluble than the rutylate. 
 
 PELARGONATE OF BENZOYL. Vid. Benzo- 
 Pelargonic Acid. 
 
 PELARGONATE OF COPPER. Soluble in boiling 
 C, 8 H 17 Cu 4 + 2 Aq alcohol. 
 
 PELARGONATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 c w H i7 ( ( 'i H s) O 4 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 PELARGONATE OF LIME. Difficultly soluble 
 
 C 18 H 17 Ca 4 in water. Soluble in boiling, less 
 
 soluble in cold alcohol. (Cahours.) 
 
 PELARGONATE OF PHENYL. 
 CM H 17 (C 12 H.) 4 
 
 PELARGONATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble 
 in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 PELARGONATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly 
 c i8H 17 Ag0 4 soluble in water, even when this is 
 boiling. 
 
 PELARGONATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 PELARGONATE OF STRONTIA. Slightly solu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold alcohol. (Cahours, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 241.) 
 
 PELARGONIC ACID with 6inOxii>E OF NITRO- 
 GEN(N 2 ). Vid. NitrosoPelargonic Acid. 
 
 PELARGONE. Vid Oxide of Capryl & of Pe- 
 largoyl. 
 
 PELARGONENE. Vid. Nonylene. 
 PELLUTEIN. Soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 N 5 C M H 19 6 " c ld alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 PELOSIN. Sparingly soluble in water. Easily 
 (Cissampetin. Isomeric soluble in alcohol, and 
 with tW.) ether When the ethereal 
 
 N \ 36 H 2i u'" solution is mixed with 
 
 water a hydrate, containing 
 
 3 equivs. of H O is formed, which is insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 The salts of pelosin are generally readily solu- 
 ble in water. (Wiggers.) 
 
 PENTA. See penta, as prefix, under the generic 
 name of the substance sought for. 
 
 PEPSIN. Soluble in water, from which it is 
 precipitated on the addition of alcohol. 
 
 PERCHLORIC ACID. Deliquescent. Very 
 C10 7 ,HO soluble in water. The most concen- 
 trated aqueous solution is of 1.65 sp. 
 gr. and boils at 200. (Serullas, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (2.) 46. 296.) 
 
 All of its salts are soluble in water, the pot- 
 ash salt somewhat difficultly ; they are all deli- 
 quescent, and soluble in alcohol, excepting those 
 of ammonia, potash, lead, and dinoxide of mer- 
 cury. (Se'rullas, loc. cit., p. 308.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF ALUMINA. Deliquescent. 
 A1 2 3 , 3 Cl 7 Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Se- 
 rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1831, (2.) 
 46. 304.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF AMMONIA. Permanent. 
 N H 4 0, Cl 7 Soluble in 5 pts. of water, and 
 slightly in alcohol. The aqueous 
 solution loses ammonia when evaporated. The 
 normal salt is precipitated when strong perchloric 
 acid is added to its concentrated aqueous solution. 
 (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 304.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF BARYTA. Deliquescent. 
 BaO, Cl 7 Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys, (2.) 
 46. 303.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF BRITCIN. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold water, more soluble in warm water and 
 in alcohol. 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF CADMIUM. Deliquescent. 
 CdO, C1O 7 Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Se'- 
 rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 
 305.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF CINCHONIN. Permanent. 
 C w UK N 2 2 , 2 (Cl 7 , H 0) + 2 Aq Readily soluble 
 
 in water, and 
 alcohol. (Bcedecker.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF CODEIN. Readily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Boedecker.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE of protoxide OF COPPER. De- 
 Cu 0, Cl O 7 liquescent. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (2.) 46. 305.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 4 11 5 0, Cl 7 Soluble in alcohol, but this solution 
 eventually undergoes a partial de- 
 composition. (Hare & Boye.) 
 
472 
 
 PERIODATES. 
 
 PERCHLORATE OP FuRFURiN. Readily solu- 
 
 C80 H u N 2 Cl 14 + 2 Aq = bl in , Wa ' C r. 
 
 \ ia and alcohol. 
 
 N 2 ] (0 10 H 4 2 ") 8 , H 0, Cl 7 + 2 A<i (Boedeker.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE of protoxide OP IRON. Toler- 
 Fe Cl O, ably permanent. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Se'rullas, p. 305.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Solu- 
 Fe 2 3 , 3 Cl 0, ble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF LEAD. Permanent. Solu- 
 Pb Cl Or ble in about 1 pt. of water. (Serullas, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 306.) 
 PERCHLORATE OF LIME. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 CaO CIO, uble in water, and alcohol. (Se'rullas, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 304.) 
 PERCHLORATE OF LITHIA. Deliquescent. 
 LiO CIO, Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Serul- 
 las, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 304.) 
 A solution of perchloric acid produces a" slight 
 precipitate in very concentrated solutions of luhia 
 salts, but this precipitate readily dissolves on add- 
 ing water. (H. Rose, 2V.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF MAGNESIA. Deliques- 
 MK Cl O, cent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Se'rullas, Ann. Ch.etPhys., (2.) 46. 
 304.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF MANGANESE. Very deli- 
 Mn 0, Cl 7 quescent. Soluble in water, and in 
 the strongest alcohol. (Serullas, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 305.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE ofdinoxide OP MERCURY. Per- 
 Hg, 0, CIO, manent. Soluble in water. (Se'rul- 
 las, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 306.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Hg 0, Cl 7 Exceedingly deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water. Partially soluble, with de- 
 composition, in alcohol. (Serullas, Ann. Ch. et 
 P/iys.,(2.)46. 306.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF MORPHINE. Tolerably 
 C^ H ]8 N 6 , H 0. Cl 7 + 4 Aq soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Is 
 KO.C1O, the least soluble of any of the metallic 
 perchlorates. 
 
 Soluble in 65 pts. of water at 15; more soluble 
 in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Serullas, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1831, (2.) 46. pp. 297-301, 302.) 
 Soluble in 88 pts. of water at 10, and in 5.52 pts. 
 of water at 100. (Hutstein, Arch. Pharm., (2.) 
 65. 159 ; in Liebig $ Kopp'sJahresbericht, 4. 331.) 
 Soluble in 60 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) Soluble in 
 4.5 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 Insoluble in spirit of 38. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 7. 332.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF POTASH with PERMAN- 
 GANATE OF POTASH. The two salts crystallize 
 together in all proportions. The compounds 
 formed are soluble in water. ( Wcehler.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF QUININE. Slowly soluble 
 C 40 H M N 2 4 , 2 (Cl 7 , H 0) + 14 Aq in water. 
 
 Readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 PERCHLORATE or SILVER. Deliquescent. 
 Ag 0, Cl 7 Very soluble in water. Soluble in 
 concentrated alcohol. (Serullas, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. pp. 307, 299.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF SODA. Very deliquescent. 
 Na 0, Cl 0, Very soluble in water, and in the 
 
 strongest alcohol. (Re'rullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1831, (2.) 46. pp. 297-301, 303.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF STRONTIA. Very deli- 
 Sr 0, Cl 7 quescent, and soluble in water. Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol. (Se'rullas, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (2.) 46. 303.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF STRYCHNINE. Sparingly 
 C 42 H 22 N 2 4 , HO, Cl 7 + 2Aq soluble in cold wa- 
 ter ; much more sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Bredeker.) 
 
 PERCHLORATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Sol- 
 Ur 0, Cl 7 uble in water. 
 
 PERCHLORATE OF ZINC. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 Zn 0, ClOj uble in water, and alcohol. (Se'rullas, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 46. 305.) 
 
 PERCHROMIC ACID. Soluble in water, and 
 Cr 2 7 ether. Both solutions soon undergo de- 
 composition, but the ethereal solution is 
 much more stable than the aqueous. (Barreswil, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 367.) 
 
 PERCHROMIC ACID with QUININE. ) Insoluble 
 " STRYCHNINE. ) in ether. 
 (Barreswil.) 
 
 PEREiRiN(from Pao Pereiro). Only slightly 
 soluble in water. Very easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Also soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 and nitric acids. Most of its salts are soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Goos.) 
 
 PERIODIC ACID. Deliquescent. Readily sol- 
 (ffyperlodic Acid, uble in water. Tolerably solu- 
 l0 J 5H J o a ' d ' ) ble in alcohol, and ether. (Benc- 
 
 " kiser.) Sparingly soluble in con- 
 
 centrated alcohol, and less solu- 
 ble in ether. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 34. 258.) Most of the salts of periodic acid are 
 difficultly soluble or insoluble in water ; all of 
 them are insoluble, or very sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol ; but they all dissolve with tolerable facil- 
 ity in dilute nitric acid. (Benckiser.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble in 
 N H 4 0, 1 7 + 4 Aq water slightly acidulated with 
 nitric acid. (Langlois, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 265.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) 5BaO, I 7 Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 nitric acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 II.) 5 BaO, 21 O 7 +5Aq Insoluble in water. 
 Easily soluble in 
 weak nitric acid. (Benckiser.) 
 
 III.) 2 BaO, 10, +3 Aq 
 
 PER!ODATE OF BRUCIN. Tolerably soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 34. 278.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OP CINCHONIN. Alterable. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 34.277.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OP COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 4CuO, HO, 1 7 Soluble in dilute nitric acid. 
 (Benckiser.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) 3PbO, 2 HO, I0 7 Easily soluble in water 
 slightly acidulated with 
 
 nitric acid. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 
 270.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water, or an aqueous 
 solution of periodic acid. Readily soluble in 
 dilute nitric acid. (Benckiser, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 17. 254.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) 2CaO, 3 HO, 10, 
 
PETROLENE. 
 
 473 
 
 II.) 5CaO,I0 7 Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 in nitric acid. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb., 3. 413.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water. 
 Decomposed by spirit. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 2 Mg 0, 3 H 0, 1 7 + 9 Aq ter. Soluble in per- 
 iodic acid. (Langlois, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 268.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) ofthedinoxide(H%zO). ) Easily soluble in 
 
 II.) of the protoxide(Hg 0). 5 dilute nitric acid. 
 (Benckiser.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 K 0, 1 7 
 
 II. ) basic. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 2 K 0, 1 0, 
 
 PER!ODATE OF QUININE. Sparingly soluble 
 
 C 40 H 24 N 2 4 , H 0, 1 7 + 22 Aq. in water. Easily 
 
 soluble in water 
 
 acidulated with nitric acid. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 276.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) Ag 0, 1 7 Insoluble in water. By the action 
 of hot water it is transformed 
 into No. II. (Ammermuller & Magnus.) 
 
 II.) 2 Ag 0, H 0, 1 7 Insoluble in hot water- 
 Soluble in warm nitric 
 acid. (A. & M.) 
 
 III.) "2 Ag 0, 3 H 0, 1 7 By the action of hot 
 water it is decomposed 
 to No. II. (A. &M.) 
 PER!ODATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) NaO, I0 7 Readily soluble in water. (Mag- 
 nus.) Permanent. Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in dilute nitric acid. 
 (Benckiser.) 
 
 II.) 2 NaO, 3 HO, 1 7 Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 ingly soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. (Magnus.) 
 
 PER!O*>ATE OF STRONTIA. Resembles the 
 2 Sr 0,3110, 10 7 baryta salt. 
 
 PER!ODATE OF STRYCHNINE. Tolerably sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Langlois, Ann. Ck., 
 et Phys., (3.) 34. 278.) 
 
 PER!ODATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Ppt., 
 which soon becomes oxidized. 
 
 PER!ODATE ofsesquioxideOF URANIUM. Some- 
 what soluble in hot water, and in an aqueous 
 solution of protochloride of uranium. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF VERATRIN. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 278.) 
 
 PER!ODATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) 4 Zn 0, H 0, 1 7 Easily soluble in water 
 slightly acidulated with 
 
 nitric acid. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 34.269.) 
 
 II.) 3ZnO,7HO,2I0 7 
 
 " ZfasicPERloDiTE OF LEAD(?)." ( See Gme- 
 lin's Handbook, 5. 143.) 
 
 I.) Blue salt. Insoluble in water, or in aque- 
 ous solutions of acetate of lead, or sugar. De- 
 composed by the weakest acids. (Durand.) 
 
 II.) Violet salt. Slowly decomposed by water. 
 Not decomposed by alcohol. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. (Jammes.) 
 60 
 
 PERMANGANIC ACID. Known only in aque- 
 Mn 2 O 7 ous solution, which is decomposed on 
 evaporating. 
 
 Its salts are all soluble in water, excepting the 
 silver salt, which is difficultly soluble. 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 NH 4 0, Mn 2 7 water. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. 
 Ba 0, Mn 2 7 Soluble in water. 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF COPPER(CU O). Deli- 
 Cu 0, Mn 2 7 quescent. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF LEAD. Soluble in nitric 
 PbO, Mn 2 o 7 acid. (Forchammer.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF LIME. Deliquescent. 
 (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF LITHIA. Permanent. 
 Li 0, Mn 2 7 Soluble in water. 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF MAGNESIA. Deliques- 
 Mg 0, Mn 2 7 cent. Soluble in water. 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 16 
 K 0, Mn 2 7 pts. of water at 15. Immediately 
 decomposed by alcohol. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) The aqueous solution saturated at ^"con- 
 tains 0.06% of its weight of the salt. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 109 
 AgO, Mn a 7 [1901] pts. of cold water, and in 
 much less hot water. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. 
 Na 0, Mn 2 0, Very soluble in water. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF STRONTIA. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 PERMANGANATE OF ZINC. Deliquescent. 
 ZnO, Mn 2 O 7 Soluble in water. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 PERSPIROYLIC ACID. Vid. Salicylic Acid. 
 
 PERSULPHATE(&C.) OF X. See under SUL- 
 PHATE OF X, as perSulphate of X, and the like. 
 
 PerSulfure Ethyl Sulfocarbonique. Vid. biC&r- 
 bonate of 6z'Sulphide of Ethyl. 
 
 PERSuLPHoCYANOGEN. Vid. perSulphoCy- 
 anogen. 
 
 PERSULPHOMOLYBDATE OF X. Vid. 
 
 phoMolybdate of X. 
 
 PERURIC ACID. Slowly soluble in water. 
 
 C 10 H 5 N 4 9 (?) Soluble in ammonia-water. Easily 
 
 and abundantly soluble in aqueous 
 
 solutions of the caustic and carbonated alkalies. 
 
 (Unger.) Difficultly soluble in acids. 
 
 PERURATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 C to H 3 Ag 2 N 4 9 (?) 
 PERUVIN. Vid. Styrone. 
 PETASiTE(from the root of Tussilago Petasites). 
 
 PETININ. Soluble in all proportions in water, 
 C H N = N 5 c s H a alcohol, ether, and oils. 
 
 are soluble in 
 lc 
 
 I* 8 
 
 c s H 
 
 .1 > H * ; 
 (Isomenc with Butylamin, , 
 
 Biethylamin, Bimethylethyla- water, and alcohol. 
 
 min, and Met/iylpropylamin.) Readily soluble in di- 
 
 lute, but insoluble in 
 
 a strong, aqueous solution of caustic potash. It 
 combines with the stronger acids, forming salts 
 which are permanent, and are all soluble in water. 
 (Anderson.) 
 
 PETROLENE. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Isomenc with Tekoretin.) Easily soluble in ether. 
 C 40 H 32 I( (Boussingault.) 
 
474 
 
 PHENATES. 
 
 PETROLEUM. Soluble in 18 pts. of alcohol, of 
 ( Oleum petrce.) 0.85 sp. gr. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 346.) 
 
 PEUCEDANIN. Insoluble in water. Veryspar- 
 (Iiiiperatorin. Angelate of Oreoselone.) ingly soluble 
 
 VK H 12 6 = p 14 fr R 2 { 2 in cold, read- 
 
 C H 7<M ily soluble in 
 
 boiling alcohol. Readily soluble in ether and in 
 the fatty and volatile oils. Insoluble in dilute 
 acids. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated, unchanged, by wa- 
 ter. (Wackenroder.) Soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in warm nitric acid. Also soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash ; but only spar- 
 ingly soluble in ammonia-water, or in chlorhydric 
 or acetic acids. 
 PEDCYL(of Blanchet & Sell). Vid. Terebilene. 
 
 PH^ORETIN. Exceedingly difficultly soluble in 
 C 1C H 8 Oj water, and ether. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and in aqueous alkaline solu- 
 tions. Soluble in acetic acid and in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. ( Schlossberger & Dcepping.) 
 
 />*PHANIN. Vid. of/Phenin. 
 
 PHASEOMANNITE. Identical with Inosite, q. v. 
 
 PHENAMTL. Vid. Phenate of Amyl. 
 
 PHENAMYLOL. Vid. Phenate of Amyl. 
 
 .BZ'PHENANILIN. Vid. frv'Phenylamin. 
 
 PHENIC AciD(Anhydrous). Insoluble in water. 
 (Phenate of Phenyl. Phenyl Scarcely at all soluble 
 tefer. PheniMydride.) in alcohol> Easily sol- 
 C M H 10 2 = c ^ H s Q j u bi e i n ether. 
 
 PHENIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Carbolic Acid. Phenol. Hydrate Soluble in all pro- 
 of Pkenyl- Hydrated Oxide of portions j n a l co . 
 Phenyl. Phenous Acid. Spiral, f , , 
 
 Pfiei,yiic Acid. Salicon. Phenyl hoi, ether, and acet- 
 AUohol. Often confounded with ic ether. Readily 
 Creosote.) ^ soluble in concen- 
 
 C 12 H 6 2 = C 12 H 6 0, H trated acetic acid. 
 
 (Reichenbach; 
 
 Runge ; Laurent.) Soluble in 80 pts. of water 
 at 20, and in 22 pts. of water at 100 (Reichen- 
 bach) ; in 31 pts. of water at 20 (Runge). No 
 more soluble in chlorhydric acid than in water ; 
 but much more soluble in dilute acetic acid than 
 in water. (Laurent.) Soluble in 17 pts. of a cold 
 mixture of equal parts of glacial acetic acid and 
 water, and in 10 pts. of the same mixture when 
 warm. Soluble in 30 pts. of hot, less soluble in 
 cold phosphoric acid of 1.135 sp.gr. (Reichen- 
 bach.) Soluble in all proportions in bisulphide 
 of carbon, and the volatile oils. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 PHENATE OP AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 C ia H 5 (N H 4 ) 2 (?) and alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 PHENATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 (PhenAmylol. PhenAmyL s ily soluble in alcohol, 
 AmylPhenic Ether.) and ether Soluble, with 
 
 combination, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. 
 
 PHENATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H 5 Ba 2 + 3 Aq. (Laurent.) 
 
 PHENATE OF BROMETHYL, &c. Vid. Bromo- 
 Phenate of Ethyl, &c. 
 
 PHENATE" OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Phenetol. Salithol. Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 "EthylPhenic Ether.) ether Unacted upon b an 
 
 C-,0 UK ({JA tlf-l Uo . . F J 
 
 aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 with combination : the baryta-salt of this conju- 
 gate acid is soluble in water. (Cahours, Ann, 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 464.) 
 
 Vid. NitroPhenate 
 
 Vid. Picrate of 
 
 Phemc Ether.) 
 
 1/lft li* (Co Ho) U 
 
 PHENATE OF ErHTim'frtf. 
 
 of Ethyl. 
 
 PHENATE OF ETiiYL/nn?<j-e". 
 Ethyl. 
 
 PHENATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal? Soluble in alcohol, from which it 
 is partially precipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. Soluble in anhydrous phenic 
 2 (C 12 H Mb 2 ) ; Pb 0, II acid. (Runge.) 
 
 PHENATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, from 
 which it is precipitated on adding much alcohol. 
 (Runge.) 
 
 PHENATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Anisnl. Dracol. Methyl- Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caus- 
 tic potash. Soluble, with combination, in fuming 
 sulphuric acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 1O. 353.) 
 
 PHENATE OF METHYiArowi^; METHYi^/i/ore', 
 McTHTLntfrtf, &c. Vid. BromoPhenate, Chloro- 
 Phenate, NitroPhenate (&c.) of Methyl. 
 
 PHENATE OF PHENYL. Vid. Phenic Acid 
 (Anhydrous). 
 
 PHENATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Very 
 C 12 II 5 K0 2 (?) soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 PHENATE OF SODA. Very readily soluble in 
 water and in phenic acid. Insoluble in soda lye. 
 (Reichenbach.) 
 
 PHENE. Vid. Hydride of Phenyl. 
 
 .Bz'PiiENETiiANiLiN. Vid. Hydrate of Ethyl- 
 tn'Pheny lam monium. 
 
 Phenetidine nitrique. Vid. EthylNitroPhenidin. 
 PHENETOL. Vid. Phenate of Ethyl. 
 PIIENIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 PHENIDAMIN. Vid. AzoPhenylamin. 
 PHENIDIN. Vid. Benzoate of Phenyl. 
 Z)PHENIN. Soluble in ether, and in chlorhy- 
 
 C 12 H 2 " dric, and nitric acids. 
 
 H 4 (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 PHENOL. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 PHENIC AMID. Vid. Anilin. 
 PHENOUS ACID. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 PHENOYLBENZOICYLAMIN. Insoluble,or very 
 
 {Amide of Benzanilidyl.) sparingly Soluble, in 
 
 r H N N $ r 12 H 4 " water - Soluble in boil- 
 alcohol. (Gerhardt, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 310.) 
 
 PHENYLACETAMIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 (Jlcetaniliil. AcetylP henylamid.) tolerably soluble in 
 
 H N = N $ C 4 H 3 2 boiling water. Tol- 
 
 18 9 2 ~~ \ H 12 " erably soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 329.) 
 
 PHENYLACETOSAMIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (AcetylAnilin. AcetoylAnilin. Vinyl- Readily soluble 
 
 v 
 
 JN 2 - J 
 
 Anilin. 
 C 
 
 VinylPhenylamin.) 
 
 C 12 H 5 
 H N = N J C 4 H 3 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 298.) 
 
 PlIENYLAcONITAMlC AdD. 
 
 (AconitAnilic Acid.) 
 
 CM H 9 N 8 = N i $* H 3 a ' _ Q H 
 
 I C,o tip: 
 
 in absolute alco- 
 hol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Na- 
 tan son, Ann. 
 
 Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. 
 Easily soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
PHENYLCARBAMATES. 
 
 475 
 
 Very easily soluble in dilute ammonia-water. 
 (Pebal.) 
 
 PHENYLACONITAMATE OF SlLVER. Insolu- 
 
 C M H 8 Ag N O g ble, or very sparingly soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 Z)iPiiENYLAcoNiTiMiD. Insoluble in water. 
 (AconitobiAnil.) Sparingly soluble in 
 
 C II N = N 5S 1 *!? ?'"' boilin S alcohol. 
 2 ^jj 12 (Pebal, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 98. 80.) 
 PHENYLALLYLUREA. 
 
 (AllylAnilin Urea.) 
 
 H; 
 
 PHENYLAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PHENYLAMATE OF BARYTA. Readily soluble 
 in water. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. 
 
 PHENYLAMATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 PHENYLAMATE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 C^ H, Ag N 8 
 
 PHENAMID. Vid. Anilin. 
 
 PHENYLAMIN. Vid. Anilin. 
 
 TWPHENYLAMIN. Difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 (BiCinnamylamin. BiPhenantiin.) Readily soluble in 
 
 CM H 1S N = N j (C 12 H 6 ) s alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Its salts are easily 
 
 decomposed, especially when in solution. (Gcess- 
 mann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 57.) 
 
 PHENYLAMMELIN. Soluble in warm, less solu- 
 
 (Ammeline anilique.) ble in cold dilute nitric acid. 
 
 C 30 H 13 N 6 O 2 Insoluble in ammonia-wa- 
 
 ter. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Pkys., (3.) 22. 100.) 
 
 PHENYLAMMONIA. Vid. Anilin. 
 
 PHENYLANGELAMID. 
 
 (Angelanilid.) 
 
 PHENYLANISYLAMID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (PhenylAnisamid. Anisanilid. Th.lan.yl- Soluble in 
 
 Anisamid. Anilanisamid.) alcohol (Ca- 
 
 r H M ri N $ r w ft 7 4 hours, Ann. 
 
 C 28 H 18 N0 4 =NJG 12 H 5 Ch.tiPhys., 
 
 (3.) 23. 353.) 
 PHENYLBENZOLAMIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (BemoylAnilid. BemoylAnilin. Very easily solu- 
 StilbylPhenylamin. StMylAmUn.) ble in alcohol, and 
 
 C M H u N = N j " g ether. Soluble, 
 
 without apparent 
 
 decomposition, in warm concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid. Soluble, with decomposition, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric and nitric acids. Not perceptibly 
 soluble in acetic acid. (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 PHENYLBENZOYLAMID. Insoluble in water. 
 (PhenylBemamid. Benzanilid. Anilo- Soluble in al- 
 benzamid. BenzoylPhenylamid.) Cohol espe- 
 
 C H N O - N ) C 14 H " cially' if this 
 
 C 26 H ll W U 2 = 1N < iJU U 5 TT 
 
 (H be warm, un- 
 
 acted upon by 
 
 weak acids, or by alkaline solutions, even boiling. 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Cli. et Phi/s., (3.) 15. 96.) Ea- 
 sily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 PHENYLr/f'BENzOYLAMiD. Sparingly soluble 
 (PhenyldiBenzamid. BiBenzoylanilid. in boilinf, 
 DiBenzanilid. DiBenzoylPhenylamid.') ond Still less 
 C 40 H 15 N O t = N J ^'jj > soluble in 
 
 cold water ; 
 
 somewhat more readily soluble in warm ammonia- 
 water, separating out again on cooling. Toler- 
 ably easily soluble in absolute alcohol, and in 
 
 ether. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 46. 138.) Only sparingly soluble in cold, 
 more readily soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 1. IIENYLtSROM 1MES ATIN. xVllTlOSt UlSOlUulC III 
 
 C.J8 H 9 Br N 2 2 water. Easily soluble in boiling, 
 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 PiiENYLBuTYRAMiD. Insoluble in water. 
 (ButyrylFhenylamid. Butyranilid.) Easily soluble in 
 
 alcohol (spirit), 
 and ether. (Ger- 
 hardt, Ann. Ch. 
 
 H 7 
 
 H 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 37. 330.) 
 
 PHENYLCAMPHORIC ACID. 
 
 (Canip/iorAnilic Acid. Camphor- 
 Aniliilic Acid. Anilo Campfio- 
 raminic Acid. PlienylCamphoryl- 
 aminic Acid.) 
 
 ' C 20 H 14 O." 
 
 C,, H,, N O n = N I C 12 H fl 
 H 
 
 Very sparing- 
 ly soluble in 
 boiling wa- 
 ter. Readily 
 soluble in al- 
 cohoi, even 
 when very 
 in dilute ammonia- 
 
 0, H o 
 
 dilute, and ether. Soluble 
 water. (Laurent & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys,, 
 (3.) 24. 194.) 
 PHENYLCAMPHORATE OF 
 AMMONIA, i 
 
 BARYTA. > Soluble in water. 
 LIME. ) 
 
 PHENYLCAMPHORATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 C 32 H 20 Ag N B soluble in water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLCAMPIIORIMID. Insoluble in cold, 
 
 (PhenylCampkorylamid. Camphoranil. sparingly sol- 
 AnUoCamphorimid.) uble in boil- 
 
 C 32 H 19 N 4 = N J 20 H u * ing water. 
 
 Readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold dilute alcohol. Insoluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Laurent & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 24. 191.) 
 
 PHENYLCAMPHORIMID with SILVER. Ppt. 
 N 5^ HIS Ag0 4 " 
 
 PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. 
 
 (Carbanilic Acid. Amidolienzoic 
 Acid. CarbonylP/ienylaminic 
 Acid. Anthranilic Acid, [someric 
 with BenzamicAcid.) 
 
 C C 2 2 
 C 14 H, N 4 = N ] C 12 H 6 . 0, H 
 
 Only slightly solu- 
 ble in cold, much 
 more soluble in 
 boiling water. 
 Readily soluble 
 in alcohol, and 
 ether. The alka- 
 line phenylcarbamates are readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Fritzsche.) 
 PHENYLCARBAMATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 " PHENYLCARBAMATE OF ETHYL." Vid. Ben- 
 zamate of Ethyl. 
 
 PHENYLCARBAMATE or LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLCARBAMATE OF LIME. Slightly sol- 
 C 14 H 6 Ca N 4 uble in cold, tolerably readily sol- 
 uble in hot water. (Liebig.) 
 
 " PHENYLCARBAMATE OF METHYL." Vid. 
 Benzamate of Methyl. 
 
 PHENYLCARBAMATE OP SILVER. Soluble in 
 C ]4 H 6 Ag N O 4 boiling, less soluble in cold water. 
 (Liebig.) Tolerably soluble in 
 hot, less soluble in cold water ; more readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. (Chancel.) 
 
 PHENYLCARBAMATE OF ZINC. 
 
 PHENYLCARBAMID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 (CarbanUamid. Anilin Urea, abundantly Soluble in 
 
 Carbamid Carbanilid. Abnor- boilino' water Vprv 
 
 mat Cyanate of Anilin.) uuniii waier. Very 
 
 ( K O," soluble in alcohol and 
 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 2 = N 2 > c; 2 U R in ether. Soluble, 
 
 ' H s without decomposition , 
 
476 
 
 PHENYLITACONAMATES. 
 
 in monohydrated sulphuric acid, but the solution 
 is decomposed by heating. Soluble, without al- 
 teration, in nitric acid, but scarcely more readily 
 in dilute nitric or oxalic acid than in water. It 
 is not decomposed by boiling with dilute acids or 
 alkalies. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 39.) 
 
 Z)iPHENYLCARBAMiD. Very slightly soluble 
 (Carbanilid. Anilo Carbamid.) in water ; more read - 
 
 xr n _ v J * H ily soluble in alcohol, 
 c 28 H 12 is 2 o 2 - JN 2 1 (u 12 H 6 ; 2 and ether ^ jjof. 
 
 mann, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2. 43.) 
 
 PHENYLCARBIMID. Vid. Cyanate of Phenyl. 
 PHENYLCETYLAMIN. Vid. CetylAnilin. 
 
 PHENYLCHLOR!MESATIN. Very difficultly sol- 
 Cjgg H 9 Cl N 2 2 uble in water. Very easily solu- 
 ble in boiling, and tolerably sol- 
 uble in cold alcohol. 
 
 PHENYLCHLOROCYANAMID. Insoluble" in wa- 
 
 ' (CMoroCyanilide.) ter. Sparingly soluble in boil- 
 
 Cgo H 12 N 5 Cl ing, and still less soluble in cold 
 
 alcohol. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 22. 99.) 
 
 PiiENYLCiNNAMYLAMiD. Insoluble, or very 
 
 (PhenylCinnamid. Cinnanilid. sparingly soluble in 
 
 Anilo Cinnamid.) Q ^ Q water. Easily solu- 
 
 C^ H 13 N 2 = N 5 c" H 5 7 2 We in warm, much 
 
 (H less soluble in cold 
 
 alcohol. Scarcely at 
 
 all acted upon by strong alkaline solutions. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 344.) 
 
 PHENYLCITRACONAMIC ACID. Very sparing- 
 
 ( CitraconAnilic Acid. Citraconanilid- \y soluble in 
 
 stEure. CitraconylPhenylamic Acid.) Xr.lrl wotm- 
 
 r /*i TT f\ a iAIlU WUlcl, 
 
 C 22 H n N = N ) c| H 4 * . 0, H the aqueous 
 (H solution un- 
 
 dergoing de- 
 composition when boiled. Soluble in a mixture 
 of alcohol and ether. 
 
 PHENYLClTRACONAMATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. 
 
 PHENYLClTRACONAMATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 Decomposed by boiling water. 
 
 PHENYLCITRACONIMID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Citraconanil. CitraconylPhenylamid.) water. Read- 
 c 22 H a N 4 =N $ Q H * * ily soluble in 
 
 alcoho l,and 
 
 ether. Soluble, without decomposition, in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 PnENYLCiTRAMic ACID. Easily soluble in 
 
 (CitrAnilic Acid. Citromon- Water and 
 
 Anilic Acid. CitrAnilidic olonViAl IV 
 
 Acid. PkenylCitrylamicAcid.) h M (re- 
 
 PHENYLClTRAMATE OF ANILIN. Very SOlu- 
 
 C 2 * H 10 (N J S 12 ^'"lOio ble in alcohol. (Pebal.) 
 V t -H 2 . a.) 
 
 PHENYLClTRAMATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 I.) C 24 H 10 Ag N 10 Ppt., in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble, 
 C 24 n io Ag N 10 ; Ag 0, H O in water. 
 
 PHENYLCITRAMID. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 (Citranilide. triPkenylCitryltriamide.) water. Spar- 
 
 c 48 H 23 N, o 8 = N S \ (tfJnSf l n ?,l y solllhl in 
 
 (H 3 boihng,and still 
 
 less soluble in 
 
 cold alcohol. Insoluble in boiling aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic ammonia or potash. 
 
 D. Permanent. Very slightly 
 
 (CitrnbiAnil. Citranilimid. soluble in water. 
 
 iPkenylCitryldiamid.-) ^^ Very readily soluble 
 \ 8 in boiling alcohol. 
 (Pebal.) 
 
 PuENYLCiTRofa'AMic ACID. Slightly soluble 
 
 (Citrobiantlic Acid. Citrobianilidic jn water. 
 
 Acid. diPhenylCitrylbiarnic Acid.) T?oari;i. 
 
 ( (^ TT O "' J 
 
 soluble in 
 
 Cs6H 18 N 2 10 = N 2 ^ ^ H J.H-' HO alcohol. 
 I II ^ery ea- 
 
 sily solu- 
 ble in spirit, and in ammonia-water. (Pebal, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 90.) 
 
 PHENYLCITRO&Z'AMATE OF AMMONIA. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 PHENYLCITRO&Z'AMATE OF 'ANILIN. Soluble 
 
 r H ^isr 5 c i2 HsW o in water, 
 ^aa "n^ 1 * ^ jj 2 . lij" 2 u i 
 
 PHENYLClTROiz'AMATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 C 36 H t7 Ba Nj 10 Insoluble, or nearly insoluble, 
 in water. 
 
 PHENYLClTROfct'AMATE OF SlLVER. Insolu- 
 
 Cg,, H 17 Ag N 2 OK, ble in water. 
 
 PHENYLCUMINAMID. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 (P/ienyl Cumylamid, CuminAnilid. ingly soluble in 
 Anilo Cuminamid. Cumanilid.) water gparfnglT 
 
 ( ^20 H ll 2 
 
 C 82 H 17 N0 2 = NJC 12 H fl 
 
 soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 manilid. AniloFormami 
 14 H 7 N0 2 
 
 iu r uniiui/t fu.j 
 
 t C 12 H 5 
 N J C 2 H 2 
 ( H 
 
 (3.) 23. 349.) 
 PHENYLCAPRYLAMID. 
 
 ( CaprylAnilid. CaprylPhenylamid.) 
 
 t C 16 H 15 2 
 C 28 H 21 N0 2 = N^C ]2 H 5 
 
 v H 
 
 PHENYLCYANAMID. Vid. CyanAnilid. 
 PHENYLETHYL COMPOUNDS. Vid. EthylPhe- 
 nyl Compounds. 
 
 PHENYLFORMYLAMID. Tolerably readily sol- 
 (PhenylFormiamid. For- uble in water, especially 
 
 -,- 1 ,..!!. -n --------- -'-I \ .... .f. 
 
 when this is warm ; still 
 more soluble in alcohol. 
 Unacted upon by cold, 
 but decomposed hy boil- 
 ing dilute aqueous solutions of caustic potash, and 
 sulphuric acid. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 14. 122, & (3.) 15. 94.) Soluble in ether. 
 PHENYLIC ACID. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 
 PHENYLIDE OF BENZOYL. Vid. BenzoPhe- 
 none. 
 
 PHENYLIDE OF SULPHOPHENYL. Vid. Sul- 
 phoBenzid. 
 
 PIIENYL!MESATIN. Very slightly soluble in 
 (P/ienyllsatoylbiamid.) boiling water, from 
 
 Which St Se P rales 
 ag the solution C00 1 S . 
 
 Readily soluble in 
 boiling, much less soluble in cold alcohol. Solu- 
 ble in ether, and in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 ( Engelhard t.) 
 PHENYL!TACONAMIC ACID. Easily soluble in 
 
 (ItaconAnilic Acid. ItaconAnilidic water ; Still 
 
 Acid. ItaeonylP/ienylamic Acid.) more rcadilv 
 
 r TT TJ n K 5 p 10 H* 4 " OHO soluble in al- 
 C 22 n n N0 8 _NjC ]2 H 5 .0,H> coho] (GOU _ 
 
 lieb.) 
 
 PlIENYLlTACONAMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in hot water. 
 
 PlIENYLlTACONAMATE OF BARYTA. Very Sol- 
 
 C 22 H 10 Ba N O fl uble in water. 
 
 IT N O 
 
 28 H 10 N 2 2 = 
 
 !H 3 
 
PHENYLPHTALAMIC ACID. 
 
 477 
 
 PHENYL!TACONAMATB OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 C 22 H 10 Cu N 
 
 PHENYL!TACONAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 PHENYL!TACONAMATE OF SILVER. Easily sol- 
 C 22 H 10 Ag N uble, with partial decomposition, 
 in boiling water. 
 
 PHENYL!TACONAMATE OF SODA. Very read- 
 ily soluble in water. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 PHENYL!TACONAMID. Almost insoluble in 
 
 (ItaconylPhenylbiamid. Itaconanilid.) cold, very spar- 
 er w $ r> ^ ?* inglj soluble in 
 CM Hia N 2 4 = N 2 ^ (C 12 H 5 ) 2 boiling water. 
 
 Easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. Soluble, without decom- 
 position, in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which solution it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. Unacted upon by dilute acids or alkaline 
 solutions. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 PIIENYLMALAMIC ACID. Keadily soluble in 
 
 (MalAnilic Acid. MalAnilidic water. Solu- 
 
 Acid. MalylPhenamlc Acid.) b j e j n alcohol. 
 
 C M H n N 8 = N \ (k% . 0, H O Sparingly sol- 
 
 ( H uble in ether. 
 
 Its salts are 
 
 generally very readily soluble in water. (Arppe, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 111.) 
 
 PHENYLMALAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 PHENYLMALAMATE OF BARYTA. Tolerably 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 PHENYLMALAMATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLMALAMATE OF LEAD. Somewhat sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 PHENYLMALAMATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PHENYLMALAMATE OF SILVER. Somewhat 
 C 20 II 10 Ag N 8 soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 cold water. (Arppe.) 
 
 .Dt'PiiENYLMALAMiD. Nearly insoluble in 
 (Malanilid. MalyldiPhenylbiamid.) water. Soluble 
 Vr/ in boiling, spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in 
 cold alcohol. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in ether. Nearly insoluble in 
 chlorhydric acid, ammonia-water, or a dilute solu- 
 tion of caustic potash ; decomposed by a strong 
 solution of potash. Soluble in warm concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, and in cold nitric acid. (Arppe, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 108.) 
 
 PHENYLMALIMID. Soluble in great quantity 
 
 (MalAnil. MalylPhenylamid.) in boiling water. Also 
 Cjjn H 9 N G = N I & "* " soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Abun- 
 dantly soluble, with combination, in nitric acid. 
 (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 109.) 
 
 PHENYLNAPIITHYLSULPIIOCARBAMID. Vid. 
 
 SulphoCyanide of PhenylNaphthylamin. 
 
 X II KNYLlN ITROljENZAMID. VlU. .DlltrO-LSen- 
 
 zanilid. 
 
 PlIENYLOXALURAMID. 
 
 ( Oxaluranilid. Aniloxuramid. 
 CaTbonylOxalylPhenylteramid.) 
 
 C II N -N 
 
 \-in 11 if. 1~9 \Ja = llo 
 
 * 
 
 Insoluble in boiling 
 
 water. Almost in- 
 j H b jj; 
 
 - , T-. -1 
 
 alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric 
 acid. (Laurent & 
 Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 178.) 
 
 C, O," 
 
 <-X" 
 
 * 
 
 PiiENYLOxAMic ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 ( Oxanilic Acid. Oxanilidic Acid. cold, readily solu- 
 
 ble, 
 
 OxalylP/ienyl- 
 
 Aniloxamic Acid, 
 amic Acid.) 
 
 f C 4 O/' 
 N } C 12 H 5 . 0, H 
 
 H 7 N 
 
 without de- 
 composition, in 
 boiling water. 
 ^ H" Very soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Decom- 
 posed by boiling with a dilute aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash, or with dilute sulphuric or chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Laurent & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 24. 168.) 
 
 Its salts are all sparingly soluble in cold, but 
 easily soluble in hot water. 
 
 PHENYLOXAMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, very 
 C 18 H 8 (N H 4 ) N 6 soluble in boiling water. Very 
 soluble in boiling, somewhat 
 sparingly soluble in cold alcohol. (L. & G.) 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 C 16 H 6 (N H 4 ) N 8 , C 16 H 7 N 8 (L. & G.) 
 PHENYLOXAMATE OF ANILIN. 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in cold, readily sol- 
 
 uble, without 
 decomposition, in chlorhydric acid. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLOXAMATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 C 16 n 8 Ba N 8 soluble in hot, almost insoluble in 
 cold water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PIIENYLOXAMATE OF LlME. Soluble in llOt, 
 
 C 16 H 8 Ca N O 6 rather sparingly soluble in cold 
 water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLOXAMATE OF SILVER. Abundantly 
 C, a H 6 N Ag O 8 soluble in hot, almost insoluble in 
 
 cold water. (L. & G.) 
 PiiENYLOxAMio. Almost insoluble in cold, 
 
 (Oxanilamid. OxamideOxanilid. easily Soluble in 
 OxalylPkenylbiamid.) ^ boiling water. Sol- 
 
 c 4 j*j nble in boiling, 
 
 Hg 2 somewhat less sol- 
 
 uble in cold, con- 
 centrated alcohol. Less soluble in alcohol than 
 in water. Soluble in ether. Soluble in concen- 
 trated aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, 
 the solution undergoing decomposition after a 
 time. (Hofmann, j. Ch. Soc., 2. 302.) 
 
 d'PHENYLOxAMiD. Insoluble in water, even 
 (Oxanilid. Aniloxamid. when this is boiling. 
 
 OxalyldiPtienyttiamid.) ^ Insoluble in cold, very 
 C H N =N $((! li 6 ) 2 sparingly soluble in 
 4 . 2 ( H 2 12 2 boiling alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. Un- 
 acted upon by boiling dilute alkaline solutions, or 
 dilute acids. Decomposed by boiling concen- 
 trated solutions of caustic potash, and of concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 14. 121, & (3.) 15. 92.) Insoluble in 
 water. Very difficultly soluble in alcohol ; more 
 readily, though still sparingly, soluble in ben/in. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 301.) 
 
 TViPHENYLPiiosruAMiD. Insoluble in water. 
 (Phosphanilid. Phuspkoryl- 
 triPhenyltriamid.) 
 
 P0 2 < 
 
 Soluble, with de- 
 composition, in con- 
 centrated sulphuric 
 acid. 
 PHENYLPHTALAMIC ACID. Very sparingly 
 
 (PhtalAnilic Acid. PhthalAnilidic soluble in 
 
 Acid. AniloPhtalamic Acid.) CO\A more sol- 
 
 C 2 g Hji N O 8 . 
 
 
 * 
 
 H 
 
 .0,110 
 
 uble in warm 
 water. Easily 
 soluble in al- 
 
478 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMATES. 
 
 cohol, and ether. (Laurent & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch 
 et Phys., (3.) 24. 190.) 
 
 PlIENYLPHTALAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 PHENYLPHTALAMATE OF BARYTA. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 PHENYLPHTALAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLPHTALAMATE OP LIME. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 PHENYLPHTALAMATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLPHTALIMID. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 (P/italAnil. PhtalPhenylimid.) uble in boiling, less 
 
 c,,, H fl N 4 = N J J^ 10 5* 4 " soluble in cold alco- 
 
 f Cio .11; l i -r-v 11 
 
 hol. Decomposed by 
 
 boiling: ammonia-water. (Laurent & Gerhardt, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 189.) 
 
 PlIENYLPYROTARTRAMIC ACID. Somewhat 
 (Pyrotartranilic Acid. Pyro- Sparingly sol- 
 
 tartranilidic Acid. Pyrotar- , , " fp _ 
 
 lanilic Acid. Pyrotartrylphe- l " water > 
 
 nylamic Acid.) though more 
 
 <C 10 H 6 4 " soluble than 
 
 C 22 H 13 N 8 = N j C 12 H s . 0, H phenylpyro- 
 
 tar tri mid . 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and acids. 
 
 Its salts of the alkalies and alkaline earths are 
 readily soluble in water; those of the metallic 
 oxides are difficultly soluble. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pkarm.,90. 142.) 
 
 PlIENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 Readily soluble in cold water. Decomposed by 
 boiling water. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF BARYTA. Sol- 
 
 ublc in water. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE of peroxide OF 
 IRON. Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF LEAD. Soluble 
 
 C 10 H 7 Pb (Cu H B ) N 6 in boiling water and in a 
 
 solution of acetate of lead. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF LIME. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF MERCURY(HjJ 
 O). Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF POTASH. Very 
 easily soluble in water. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF SILVER. Sol- 
 C 22 H 12 Ag N O 6 uble in boiling water. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRAMATE OF SODA. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 PHENYLPYROTARTRIMID. Sparingly soluble 
 (Pyrotartranil. Pyrotartranil. in boiling water. Ea- 
 Pyrotartrylphenylamid) ^ ^^ ^ ^^ 
 
 GbHu0 4 -jJ?JJ hol, even in weak 
 
 spirit, and in ether. 
 
 Easily soluble in acids. Soluble in cold alka- 
 line solutions, with alteration, the solution being 
 decomposed on heating. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 90. 139.) Sparingly soluble in cold 
 water. Easily soluble in boiling alcohol. (Biffi.) 
 PHENYLSALICOYLAMID Insoluble in water. 
 (Salicylanilut. Isomeric with Easily soluble in alco- 
 . ho , --Decomose,! by 
 
 PhenylBenzoylamidJ 
 
 ^ ^ pose, y 
 
 C 28 H u N 2 = N \ c" Hg 2 warm acids and alka- 
 (H line solutions. 
 
 (Schischkoff.) 
 
 PHENYLSTEARAMID. 
 
 (StearAnilid.) 
 
 C 48 H 41 N 2 = N j C* H 3 / 2 
 ' H 
 
 PflENYLSuBERAMIC ACID. 
 
 (SuberAnilic Acid. Anilo- 
 Suberamic Acid.) 
 
 ( C 16 H I2 4 
 C 28 H, fl N 8 = N ? C 12 H 6 .O,HO 
 
 Insoluble in cold, 
 sparingly solu- 
 ble in warm 
 water. Easily 
 soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. (Laurent & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 24. 186.) 
 
 PHENYLSUBERAMATE OF AMMONIA. Toler- 
 ably soluble in water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLSUBERAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble 
 in boiling, but sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLSUBERAMATE or COPPER. Insoluble 
 in water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLSUBERAMATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 Ppt. 
 
 PHENYLSUBERAMATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLSUBERAMATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 warm, less soluble in cold water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLSUBERAMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble 
 C 28 H 18 Ag N 6 in water. (L. & G.) 
 
 Z>/PIIENYLSUBERAMID. Entirely insoluble in 
 (SuberAnllid. DiPhenylSubcrylbiamid.) water. Very 
 r H N o -N $ M 1 ' 8 ^S *" sparingly sol- 
 
 \JA{\ IJ-OA ll 9 V-'l = i^O < 1^19 ^r t )f ii * , , 
 
 }kj uble in cold, 
 
 easily soluble 
 
 in hot alcohol. Easily soluble in hot ether. In- 
 soluble in boiling ammonia-water. (Laurent & 
 Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 184.) 
 
 PHENYLSUBERIMIDC?). Sparingly soluble in 
 (SuberAnil(?).) boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol, 
 and ether. Insoluble in boiling 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash or ammonia. 
 (Laurent & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 
 187.) 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMIC ACID. Very sparingly 
 (SuccmAnillc Acid. SuccinAnilidic Soluble in cold 
 
 Acid. AnUoSuccinamic Acid. Sue- cr.lr.KlJ 
 
 cinylPhenylamic Acid.) 
 
 ( C 8 H 4 4 " m warm water. 
 
 C 20 H lt N 6 = N ) C 12 H 5 . 0, H Very readily 
 ' H soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and 
 ether. Soluble in alkaline solutions. (Laurent & 
 Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 181.) 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMATE OF AMMONIA. Toler- 
 ably readily soluble in water. 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMATE OF BARYTA. Easily 
 soluble in warm water. (L. & G.) 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMATE OF COPPER. Insolu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMATE OF LIME. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINAMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble 
 C 20 H 10 Ag N 6 in water. (L. & G.) 
 
 .DJ'PHENYLSUCCINAMID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 [SuccinAnilid. Anilo Succinamid. 
 SuccinyldiPhenylbiamid.) 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 NJ((5 12 H 6 ) 4 2 
 ( H 2 
 
 Easily soluble in 
 Rolling, less Soluble 
 
 in cold alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in 
 ether. (Laurent & 
 Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 182.) 
 
 PHENYLSUCCINIMID. Insoluble in cold, some- 
 
 (SuccinAnil. Anilo Succinimid. w hat soluble in boil- 
 ^ water _ Easj , ^ 
 
 uble in alcohol and 
 ether, and in nitric, 
 and chlorhydric acids. Soluble, with decompo- 
 
 SuccinylPhenylamid) 
 20 H 9 N 4 = N 
 
PHENYLVALERAMID. 
 
 479 
 
 sition, in boiling ammonia-water. Unacted on by 
 an Aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Laurent 
 & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 180.) 
 
 PiiENYLSuLPHAMic ACID. Vid. SulphAnilic 
 Acid. 
 
 PHENYLSuLPHURic ACID. Soluble in water. 
 
 (SulphoPlunic Acid. SalphoCar- 
 bolic Acid. Sulphate of Phenyl.) 
 C 12 H 6 S 2 O 8 = C 12 H fl O, H O, 2 S O s 
 
 PlIENYLSuLPHATE OF AMMONIA. 
 C l2 H 5 (NH 4 )S 2 8 + Act 
 
 PlIENYLSuLPHATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C 12 H 5 Ba S 2 8 + 3 Aq water, and in boiling alco- 
 hol. 
 
 PHENYLSULPHUROUS ACID. Easily soluble in 
 (SulpkoBeiiwlic Acid. Sulphophenylic Acid, water. Its 
 Salphobe,midic Aci/l. Benzosulphuric Acid.) sa lt s are 
 C ]2 H. S 2 6 = C tt H 8 0, H 0, S 2 4 luble j n 
 
 water. 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF ANIUN. Easily solu- 
 / I C 2 H 6 \ n ble in water, and alco- 
 C 12 H 5 ^N | H > 3 JS 2 O 8 ^01. Scarcely at all 
 soluble in ether. (Ge- 
 ricke, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 217.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Easily solu- 
 C 12 H 5 BaS 2 8 ble in water, and alcohol. (Ge- 
 ricke.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF COPPER. Easily solu- 
 Ci 2 H 5 CuS 2 O 6 ble in water, and alcohol. (Ge- 
 ricke.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF ETHYL. Easily solu- 
 C 12 H 6 (C 4 H 5 ) S 2 O e ble in water ; less soluble in 
 spirit. When quickly evapo- 
 rated, the aqueous solution undergoes decompo- 
 ' sition. (Gericke.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Gericke.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF LIME. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Gericke.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 water. (Laurent, Method, p. 250.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF SODA. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Gericke.) 
 
 PHENYLSULPHITE OF ZINC. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Gericke.) 
 
 APIIENYLSULPHOBENZOYLBIAMID. Diffi 
 
 (Sulpha Benzanilid.) Cultly Soluble 
 
 C M H 16 N 2 S 2 8 = N.|rc, 2 H 5 ) 2 mogt j' nso j able 
 
 in cold water 
 
 Easily soluble in hot alcohol, and ether. Unactec 
 upon'by cold, but decomposed by boiling potash 
 lye. (Limpricht & v. Uslar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm. 
 102. 258.) 
 PiiENYLSuLPHoCARBAMiD. Soluble in water 
 
 (SnlphoCarbonylPhenylbiamid.) 
 
 . c 1 S " 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 S 2 = N 2 | C, 2 2 H 5 
 
 D/PHENYLSULPHOCARBAMID. Only slightl} 
 (Sulpha Carbanilid. Sulpho- soluble in water 
 CarbonyldiPkenylbiamid.) ^ more rea( }ily solubl 
 
 C H N S = N $ (& 1l ) i" alcohol, and ether 
 
 ( H 2 " especially when thes 
 
 are warm. Solubl 
 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. (Hofmann 
 J. Ch. Soc.,2. 50.) 
 
 AdD. Vid. 
 
 cnzolic Acid. 
 
 PlIENYLSULPHOPlIENYLAMID. Vid. Sulpho- 
 
 'hcnAmlid. 
 
 PHENYLSuLPHUROUSPlIENYLID. Vid. Sul- 
 
 hoBenzid. 
 PHENYLTARTRYLAMIC ACID. Easily soluble 
 
 Phenyl Tartramic Ac, id. Tartranilic Acid, in Water, 
 rurtanilic Acid. Tartranilidic Acid.) andalcohol; 
 
 H vr> _iM^f- 8 H 4 8 OHO much less 
 H n N 10 - N j C 
 
 H 
 H 5 
 
 OHO 
 . 0, H 
 
 u b I e in 
 ther. (Arppc, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 355.) 
 
 PHENYLTARTRYLAMATE OF AMMONIA. Efflo- 
 escent. Very easily soluble in water. (Arppe, 
 oc. cit.) 
 
 PHENYLTARTRYLAMATE OF BARYTA. Toler- 
 H to Ba 10 ably soluble in boiling, less soluble 
 in cold water. (Arppe, loc. cit.) 
 
 PHENYLTARTRYLAMATE OF SILVER. Some- 
 oHjoAgO^ what soluble in water. (Arppc, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 PHENYLTARTRYLAMID. 
 
 Tartranil. Tartanil. ) 
 
 i H N O N i *^8 ^4 O 8 " 
 
 ' 9 N 8 N 8 
 
 Very easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. 
 ( ^ 2 " 5 Pharm., 93.354.) 
 
 A'PHENYLTARTRYL&J'AMIN. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 Tartranilid. Tartanilid ) ter. Somewhat Spar- 
 
 r H N O = N $ J H frf' in ^y soluble in l>oil- 
 2 iv. 12 ing alcohol. Diffi- 
 
 cultly soluble in ether. 
 Easily soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 Difficultly soluble in hot chlorhydric acid. Par- 
 tially decomposed by hot nitric acid. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Arppe, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 353.) 
 
 PHENYLTHIOSINAMIN. 
 
 [AllylSulphoCarbanilide. Allyl- 
 Pheny I Sulpho Carbamid. Sul- 
 phoCarbonylAllylPhenylbiamid.) 
 ' C, S," 
 
 Con HI 5 No So 
 
 Insoluble in water. 
 Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether, 
 even in the cold. 
 Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in con- 
 centrated chlorhy- 
 dric acid, from which 
 it is precipitated on the addition of water; also 
 soluble in alcoholic solutions of chlorhydric and 
 sulphuric acids, from which it may be recrystal- 
 lized unchanged. 
 
 PHENYLUREA. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 
 (AnihcUrea. Carb Anilamid. ether. 
 
 BasicCarbonylPhenylbiamid.) (Chan- 
 
 C 14 H 8 N 2 2 + 2 Aq = N 2 \ (4 H 6 + 2 Aq <*! ) Th .e 
 (H 3 alcoholic 
 
 and ethe- 
 real solutions soon undergo decomposition ; but 
 the aqueous solution may be preserved unaltered. 
 
 Z)I'PHENYLUREA. Almost insoluble in water. 
 
 (Flavin. Basic CarbonyldiPhenylamid.) Soluble in alco- 
 
 f(J H ) ' kl> an d ether. 
 
 jj a 12 5 z (Laurent & 
 
 Chancel.) 
 
 PHENYLVALERAMID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (ValerylPhenylamid. Valeranilid.) boiling water. 
 
 r H NO =N$C 12 H 5 Readily soluble 
 
 hi 10 in alcohol, even 
 
 weak, and in 
 
 ether. (Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. 201 .) 
 
 PHILLYRIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, tol- 
 
480 
 
 PHLOROGLUCIN. 
 
 c H - ^^O.oJo +3Aq erably easily 
 t M H 37 OZB - c 12 H u 10 J 2 ^ l soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Ea- 
 sily soluble in alcohol. Very sparingly soluble in 
 ether. No more soluble in dilute acid or alkaline 
 solutions than in pure water. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid; decomposed by boiling 
 chlorhydric and nitric acids. Soluble in hydrate 
 of anisyl. (Bertagnini, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 92. 
 110.) Insoluble in volatile or fatty oils. (Car- 
 bonieri.) 
 
 PHILLYGENIN. Insoluble in cold, very spar- 
 C H,0 ingly soluble iii boiling water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Ber- 
 tagnini, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 92. 111.) 
 
 PHLOBAPHENE. Permanent. Insoluble in 
 C 20 H 8 8 water. When recently prepared, it is 
 soluble in alcohol, but after having be- 
 come dry it is insoluble in alcohol. Slightly solu- 
 ble in acetic acid, but is insoluble in other dilute 
 acids. Readily soluble in aqueous alkaline solu- 
 tions. 
 
 PHLORAMIN. Permanent in dry air. Sparingly 
 C 12 H 7 N 4 soluble in cold water. Readily soluble 
 in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Solu- 
 ble in acids, with combination. 
 
 PHLOEETIC AciD(of Stass). Vid. NitroPhlo- 
 retin. 
 
 PHLORETIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble in 
 (Phloretylic Acid.) water, though some- 
 
 C 18 H 10 6 = C 18 H 8 O 4 , 2 H what less soluble 
 therein than in alco- 
 hol. Easily soluble in ether, even when this is 
 cold. Insoluble in cold, decomposed by boiling 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric, and nitric acids. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 PHLORETATE OF AMYL. Vid. AmylPhloretic 
 Acid. 
 
 PHLORETATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, some- 
 C 18 H 8 Bajj 6 + 5 Aq what more soluble in hot 
 water. ( Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 18 H 8 Ba 6 
 
 PHLORETATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 C 18 H 8 Cu 2 8 + x Aq Almost entirely insoluble in 
 alcohol, or ether. (Hlasi- 
 wetz.) 
 
 II.) add. Difficultly soluble in boiling water, 
 C 18 H 9 Cu () + 2 Aq or alcohol. Easily soluble 
 in ether. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 PHLORETATE OF ETHYL. Vid. EthylPhloretic 
 Acid. 
 
 PHLORETATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Ppt. Partially decomposed when 
 C 18 H 8 Pb 2 6 + x Aq washed with water. 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 C 18 H 8 Pb 2 O a ; Pb 0, H + Aq 
 
 PHLORETATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 
 PHLORETATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 PHLORETATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. | p . 
 PHLORETATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. J ' 
 
 PHLORETATE OF POTASH. 
 I.) acid. Efflorescent. Soluble in water, and 
 C 18 Ilg K 6 + x Aq alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 PHLORETATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble 
 C 18 H 9 Ag 6 in cold water. Easily soluble in 
 
 acetic acid, and in ammonia-water. 
 PHLORETATE OF SODA. 
 I.) acid. Efflorescent. Soluble in water. 
 
 OK, H 9 Na O a + x Aq 
 
 PHLORETATE OF UREA. Soluble in water. 
 C 38 H 24 N 2 14 = C 18 H 9 (N 2 J J *" ) 6 ; C 18 H 10 6 
 
 PHLORETATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. 
 
 II. ) acid. Permanent. Very sparingly soluble 
 C 18 H 9 Zn O G in water. ( Hlasiwetz. ) 
 
 PHLORETIN. Almost insoluble in cold, very 
 (Phloretate of Phloro Glucin.) sparingly soluble in 
 
 CsoHu0 10 = g 18 c 8< ^" > boiling water. Solu- 
 
 ble in all propor- 
 tions in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol, wood- 
 spirit, and concentrated acetic acid. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in anhydrous ether. Soluble in con- 
 centrated acids, without alteration. Decomposed 
 by dilute nitric acid. (Stass.) 
 
 PHLORETOL. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Hydrate o/Phloryl. Xy'lenyl Alcohol. Miscible in all 
 Isomeric withPhenate of Ethyl.) p r O p O r t i OUS 
 
 Ujg tin U, 11 U -111. 
 
 with alcohol, 
 
 and ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, with subsequent decomposition. (Hlasi- 
 wetz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 166.) 
 
 PHLORETYLAMIC ACID. Very sparingly solu- 
 r TT NO TJ$ c i8 H s2" OTTO ble in cold > 
 
 ^laJtlii L\ \JA = ll 'S TT v "J. \J , 11 i 
 
 t H 2 tolerably solu- 
 
 ble in hot wa- 
 ter. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 PHLORIDZEIN. Easily soluble in boiling water. 
 
 (Phlorizeine.) Scarcely 
 
 fCtgHgO," at al '! 
 
 U 42 H 30 N 2 0,6 = N 2 <! g Tjpfh* . 6 + 4 Aq So l u b 1 6 
 [ H 2 ' in al- 
 
 c oh ol , 
 wood-spirit, or ether. (Stass.) 
 
 PHLORIDZEIN with AMMONIA. Very soluble 
 C 42 HK, (N H 4 ) N 2 2C + Aq in water. 
 
 PHLORIDZIN. Scarcely at all soluble in cold, 
 (Phlorizin. Pkloridzic Acid.) soluble in all pro- 
 
 C 42 H M O 20 4- 4 Aq = portions in boil- 
 
 r w o " ; i n K water. Solu- 
 
 C 12 H u 10 . < g ( 4 + 4 Aq b j| in 1000 ^ 
 
 of cold water. 
 
 Very easily soluble in alcohol, and wood-spirit. 
 Boiling ether only dissolves traces of it. Soluble 
 in cold, weak acids, even in oxalic acid, but these 
 solutions are decomposed when heated to 80 @ 
 90. Soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 PHLORIDZATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 C 42 H 24 20 , 2 Ba 
 
 PHLORIDZATE OF LEAD. 
 
 42 H 24 20l 6 Pb O 
 
 PHLORIDZATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 C 42 H 24 20) 3 Ca + 3 Aq 
 
 PHLOROGLUCIN. When anhydrous it is per- 
 (Isomeric with Frangulin and Pyrogallic Acid.) rnanent, 
 C 12 H 9 6 4-4Aq = ^H B 4 | 02 + 4Aa but the 
 
 hydrate 
 
 effloresces in warm air. Readily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol, and still more soluble in ether. From 
 the ethereal solution it crystallizes in the anhy- 
 drous state. In presence of carbonate of potash it 
 is insoluble in alcohol or ether. Unacted upon 
 by cold chlorhydric acid. Soluble in nitric acid, 
 with decomposition. 
 
PHOSPHORIC ACID. 
 
 481 
 
 PlILOROGLUCIN with OXIDE OP LEAD. Ppt. 
 C n H 6 8 , 4 Pb 
 
 PHOCENIC ACID. Vid. Valeric Acid. 
 
 PHOCENIN. Vid. Valerin ; also Dclpliinin. 
 
 PHOENICIN. Vid. SulphoPhenicic Acid. 
 
 PHORONE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 (Camphoryl.) cohol, and with peculiar 
 
 CM Hjg 4 = M H 14 n*" facility, in ether. It does 
 16 14 not combine with acids or 
 alkalies (Laurent); but is soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which the greater part of it 
 is roprccipitated on the addition of water. (Ger- 
 hardt & Lies Bodart.) 
 
 PlIORYLAMIN. 
 
 PHOSGENE, or PHOSGENE GAS. Vid. Chloro- 
 Carbonic Acid. 
 
 PHOSPnAcETic ACID. Very soluble in water. 
 (Zeise, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6". 504.) 
 
 PHOSPHACETATE OF BARYTA. Readily solu- 
 ble in water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Gm.) 
 
 PHOSPHACETATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. (Zeise, Ibid., pp. 503, 504.) 
 
 PnospiiAcETATE OF LIME. Soluble in water ; 
 the aqueous solution is liable to undergo decom- 
 position when evaporated. 
 
 PHOSPHACETATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 PHOSPHACETATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 (Zeise, Ibid., p. 504.) 
 
 PHOSPHAM. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 (Phospkurstickstoff, P N 3 , of Liebig dilute nitric acid, 
 &Whler and H.Rose.) or aqueoug solu . 
 
 tions of the caus- 
 
 tic alkalies. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 1.212.) Unacted 
 upon by dilute chlorhydric, sulphuric, or nitric 
 acids, or by boiling aqueous solutions of the caus- 
 tic alkalies. (H. Rose.) Insoluble in water, or 
 in fuming nitric acid. (Pauli, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 101.41.) Decomposed by concentrated alkaline 
 solutions, and by lime and baryta-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMIC ACID. Easily soluble in water, 
 
 NH.P0 2 > O and alcohol. The alkaline phos- 
 
 H. $ 2 phamates and those of the metal 
 
 ammoniums are soluble ; but the 
 
 metallic salts are precipitates insoluble in water, 
 
 and but sparingly soluble in acid liquors. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. Insoluble 
 N H Ba P0 4 in ammonia- water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF CADMIUM. 
 N H Cd P 4 + 2 Aq 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. Soluble 
 in ammonia-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF COBALT. Ppt. Soluble in 
 ammonia- water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PUOSPIIAMATE OF FERAMMONIUM. Soluble 
 
 N H (N H s Fe) P 4 in water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF IRON. Ppt. Soluble in 
 
 N U Fe P 4 + 2 Aq ammonia-water. Insoluble 
 
 in acids, being scarcely at 
 
 all acted upon by concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Insoluble in 
 ammonia-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF LIME. Ppt. Insoluble in 
 N H Ca P 4 ammonia-water. 
 61 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. Insolu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. Insol- 
 uble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF. NICKEL. Ppt. Soluble in 
 N H Ni P O 4 + 2 Aq ammonia-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF SILVER. Ppt. Soluble in 
 ammonia-water, 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF STRONTIA. Ppt. Insolu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PHOSPHAMATE OF ZINC. Ppt. Soluble in 
 ammonia-water. (H. Schitf, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 103. 168.) 
 
 MonoPiiosriiAMiD(of Schiff, 1857). Insoluble 
 (Phosphainiii(o{ Gladstone, 1850). in all ordinary 
 BiPkosphamid (of Gerhardt).) menstrua; but is 
 N \ P 2 "' partially decom- 
 
 posed when heated 
 with water. 
 
 Insoluble like biphosphamid (N 2 P 02 H 3 )- 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 195.) 
 
 .6zPiios.pHAMiD(of Schiff, 1857). Insoluble in 
 (Phospharaid( of Gerhardt). Bi Hydrate water, but is 
 ofPknsphide of J\Tilrogen(of Liebig & decomposed 
 l"fp by long-con- 
 
 ^2 j H 3 tinued boiling 
 
 therewith. In- 
 soluble in alcohol, or oil of turpentine, and in all 
 ordinary menstrua. Difficultly decomposed by 
 boiling concentrated sulphuric acid. (Gladstone.) 
 Insoluble in boiling water, in a boiling dilute 
 solution of caustic potash or of dilute nitric acid. 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 18. 191.) 
 
 TrzPiiospHAMiD. Insoluble in water. Scarcely 
 v P Oj'" at all acted upon by long 
 N 3 H 6 P 0, = N s - H s boiling with water, dilute 
 acids, or an aqueous so- 
 lution of caustic potasli. Slowly decomposed by 
 boiling concentrated nitric or chlorhydric acid, 
 and more readily by aqua-regia. Tolerably read- 
 ily soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, or a 
 mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids, 
 with decomposition. (Schiff, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 
 101. 302.) 
 
 PHOSPHORIC ACID. Three principal isomeric 
 PO 6 modifications of phosphoric acid are univer- 
 sally admitted by chemists, viz., a(meta), 
 b(pyro or "para"), and c(ordinary or " di") phos- 
 phoric acid. There are, moreover, several sub- 
 varieties of nzetaphosphoric acid, Fleitmann (Poga, 
 Ann., 1849, 78. pp. 239, 362) having enumerated 
 as many as five distinct polymeric modifications 
 of metaphosphoric acid. Besides these, Fleitmann 
 & Henneberg (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 324), maintain the existence of two other varieties 
 of phosphoric acid intermediate between meta- 
 and pyrophosphoric acids ; one [d] having the 
 formula 6 H O, 4 PO 5 , and the other [e] the for- 
 mula 6 H O, 5 P0 5 ; but these have not been 
 generally accepted by chemists. Laurent & Ger- 
 hardt have suggested that the salts which have 
 been described as belonging to these acids [d and e] 
 are nothing more than pyrophosphates, inter- 
 mediate between the normal and acid salts al- 
 ready known. (See Gmelin's Handbook, 3. 96.) 
 
 a = meta (uni-basic). 
 
482 
 
 PHOSPHORIC ACID. 
 
 I.) Monometaphoaphoric acid. Not isolated. It 
 ( Add of the insoluble alka- is formed, in combina- 
 
 HOuJ|W 0|F * -iiJ tion with P tash . soda > 
 
 and ammonia, when 
 
 these bases are heated with phosphoric acid under 
 certain circumstances. These salts are all in- 
 soluble. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 
 pp. 362, 360.) 
 
 II. ) Dimetaphosphoric acid. Not isolated. It is 
 (First acid of Fleitmann. Acid formed, when phos- 
 rn several of MaddreWs salts.) phoric acid is heated 
 
 IO,2a'P0 5 
 
 copper, zinc, or manganese. (Fleitmann, Pogg., 
 Ann., 1849, 78. pp. 363, 240.) The simple alka- 
 line salts of dirnetaphosphoric acid, and some of 
 the double salts which contain an alkaline base, 
 are soluble in water ; the others are difficultly sol- 
 uble, or insoluble in water. 
 
 III.) Trimetaphosphoric Acid. Formed by heat- 
 (Acid of Fleitmann $ Henneberg.) ing somewhat 
 
 3 H 0, 3 a"'P0 5 strongly, but not 
 
 melting monopy- 
 
 rophosphate of soda, or by allowing melted hexa- 
 meta phosphate of soda to cool very slowly. (Fleit- 
 mann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 
 65. pp. 304, 306, 316 ; Fleitmann, -Fogg. Ann., 
 1849, 78. 363; Graham, see under trimetaPHOS- 
 PHATE OF SODA.) 
 
 Soluble in water, and the solution is tolerably 
 permanent in the cold, but on evaporation the acid 
 is quickly changed to ordinary c phosphoric acid. 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 241.) With 
 all strong bases, the alkaline earths, and metallic 
 oxides, it forms simple salts, and double soda 
 salts, all of which are soluble in water. (Fleit- 
 mann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 309.) 
 
 IV.) Tetrametaphosphoric Acid. Not isolated. 
 (Second acid of Fleitmann.) It is formed, when phos- 
 
 4 H O, 4 aivp6 5 phoric acid is heated 
 
 with the oxides of lead, 
 
 bismuth, and cadmium, or a mixture of equal 
 equivalents of oxide of copper and soda. (Fleit- 
 mann, Poyg. Ann., 1849, 78.363.) Its alkaline 
 salts are soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. 
 Those of the metals and alkaline earths are 
 insoluble in water. (Fleitmann, he. cit., p. 353, 
 et seq.) 
 
 V.) Hexametaphosphoric Acid. Formed, when 
 (Ordinary modification. Glacial hydrated phosphoric 
 Phosphoric Acid. Mdofthe ac j dis jg n j te d ; by 
 tleltuucscent metapkosnhate of , .> '. J 
 
 Wa, of Graham.) the sudden cooling 
 
 6 H 0, 6 o'iP0 5 of melted metaphos- 
 
 phate of soda, and 
 
 when oxide of silver and phosphoric acid are 
 heated together. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 78. pp. 363, 359 ; Fleitmann & Henneberg, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, pp.316, 305.) Glacial phos- 
 phoric acid is deliquescent when pure ; and easily 
 soluble in water, with evolution of heat and trans- 
 formation to ordinary c phosphoric acid. But 
 when contaminated with earthy impurities it is 
 often very slowly and difficultly soluble in water, 
 and not deliquescent ; phosphate of magnesia 
 especially, even when in small quantity, tends to 
 destroy its solubility (Ot. Gr. ), and if much lime, 
 alumina, or silica be present, the acid is scarcely 
 at all soluble in water. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 1. 
 553.) For Gregory's observations on the separa- 
 tion of metaphosphate of magnesia, when solu- 
 tions of impure glacial phosphoric acid are evapo- 
 rated, see Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1845, 54. 95.) 
 
 The aqueous solution undergoes change when 
 exposed to the air, ordinary c phosphoric acid 
 being formed. When the acid is boiled with 
 water, or heated with sulphuric, chlorhydric, 
 acetic, or phosphoric acids, the same change occurs. 
 (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte Am., 1st vol. of the year 
 1830, pp. 112, 113 ; also in Schweigger's Journ. fur 
 Ch. u. Phys., 58. pp. 131, 132.) Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 The hexametaphosphates of the alkalies are 
 soluble in water, but those of the alkaline earths 
 and metallic oxides are, for the most part, precipi- 
 tates ; these precipitates are, however, usually sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of hexametaphos- 
 phate of soda. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 
 2.) Many of the precipitates have a remarkable 
 peculiarity of being converted into heavy, oily, 
 viscid masses of the consistence of pitch, on being 
 agitated or heated, the acid probably passing into 
 another modification, though this is a point still 
 undetermined. (See H. Rose, Pogg. Aim., 1849, 
 76. p. 2, et seq. ; Berzelius, Ibid., 19. 333.) 
 
 Another point still undetermined is the question 
 to which modification should be referred the 
 variety of metaphosphoric" acid which is obtained 
 by burning phosphorus in oxygen. The experi- 
 ments of H. Rose (Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. pp. 5, 
 11, et seq.), indicating merely that it differs from 
 the acid prepared from hexametaphosphate of 
 soda. This anhydrous acid, obtained by com- 
 bustion, deliquesces rapidly in the air. It has a 
 very strong affinity for water, in which it dissolves 
 with evolution of heat; but is, nevertheless, only 
 slowly soluble in water. 
 
 b = pyro [or "para "] (bi-basic). 
 2 H o, fiPO s Soluble in water. The concentrat- 
 ed aqueous solution may be pre- 
 served without change for a long time at the 
 ordinary temperature ; but when heated the acid 
 passes into the ordinary c modification. 
 
 When the aqueous solution is contaminated 
 with even a trace of sulphuric acid, the greater 
 part of it will change to the ordinary (c) acid in the 
 course of 24 hours. (Schwarzeuberg, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 133.) 
 
 The alkaline salts of pyrophosphoric acid are 
 soluble in water, but most of the other salts are 
 precipitates ; these precipitates are, however, for 
 the most part, readily soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the alkaline pyrophosphates, soluble double 
 salts being formed. (Stromeyer; Schwarzenherg ; 
 Persoz ; H. Rose, loc. inf. cit.) In those solutions 
 of pyrophosphoric acid, where it is saturated or 
 supersaturated with a strong base it may be pre- 
 served unchanged ; no transformation of b into 
 c phosphoric acid occurring, either on boiling or 
 long standing. A solution of pyrophosphate 
 of soda may be kept without alteration for years ; 
 and when a solution of the acid is evaporated with 
 an excess of alkali it is changed to c phosphoric 
 acid only when the dry residue has been com- 
 pletely melted. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann , 1849, 76. 
 20.) In presence of acids, however, the conver- 
 sion of b into c phosphoric acid is easy, especially 
 when the solutions are heated ; and the change is 
 the more complete in proportion as the acid is 
 stronger. According to Weber, this change is 
 best effected by means of concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (H. Rose, Ibid., p. 21.) 
 
 For Rose's remarks upon the probability of the 
 existence of two modifications of pyrophosphoric 
 acid, see Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 13. For Greg- 
 ory's, see Aim. Ch. . Pharm., 1845, 54. 98, 
 note. 
 
PHOSPHORIC ACID. 
 
 c = ordinary, or di (terbasic). 
 
 Sp. Kf. Per cent of Per en * 
 
 3HO, cPO s Extremely deliquescent. Soluble in 
 
 (at 15) . 3 II , PO S . of n ky d - 
 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 *- U 5 . 
 
 1.3840 .... 54 .. 39304 
 
 An aqueous Contains (by ex- 
 
 1.3931 55 40.030 
 
 solution of periment) percent 
 
 1.4022 56 40.756 
 
 sp.gr at (15) of 3 HO, PO S 
 
 
 
 1.4114 57 41.482 
 
 1.0333 6 
 
 1.4207 58 42.208 
 
 1.0688 12 
 
 1.4301 59 42.934 
 
 1.1065 18 
 
 1.4395 .... 60 .... 43 660 
 
 1.1463 24 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 192.) 
 
 1.2338 36 
 1.3840 54 
 
 In publishing the following table, Dalton (in 
 
 
 his New System, Pt. 2. p. 413) remarks that he 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula : 
 
 " thinks it will be found nearly correct ; at all 
 
 D = 1+ 0.005378p + 0.00002886 p 2 + 
 
 events, it may have its use till a better can be 
 
 0.00000006 p 3 ; in which D = the sp. gr. of the 
 
 formed." 
 
 solution, and the p the percentage of acid con- 
 
 An aqueous so- Contains per cent 
 
 tained in the solution, by means of which Ott has 
 
 lutionofsp.gr. of "real acid." 
 
 calculated the following table. 
 
 1.85 60 
 
 1.60 40 
 
 Sp. ST. Per cent of P f er e "* 
 (at 15) 3HO,P0 5 . ofanhyd. 
 
 1.39 80 
 1.23 20 
 1.10 10 
 
 f \JQ, 
 
 1.0054 .... 1 ... 726 
 
 Miscible with strong acetic acid. Soluble in 
 
 1.0109 2 1.452 
 
 30 pts. of warm creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 1.0164 3 2.178 
 
 The c phosphates of potash, soda, and lithia are 
 
 1.0220 4 2.904 
 
 soluble in water, no matter in what proportion 
 
 1.0276 5 3.630 
 
 the acid may be united with these bases ; all the 
 
 1.0333 6 4.356 
 
 others, excepting some acid salts, are nearly in- 
 
 1.0390 7 5.082 
 
 soluble in water, but all are soluble in an excess 
 
 1.0449 8 5.808 
 
 of phosphoric acid. 
 
 1.0508 9 6.534 
 
 The salts of ordinary c phosphoric acid, with 
 
 1.0567 10 7.260 
 
 the exception of those noted below, are all soluble 
 
 1.0627 11 7.986 
 
 in dilute nitric acid ; less easily soluble in acetic 
 
 1.0688 12 8.712 
 
 acid, excepting the phosphates of lead, and of 
 
 1.0749 13 9.438 
 
 sesquioxide of iron, which are insoluble ; and also 
 
 1.0811 14 10.164 
 
 slightly soluble in aqueous solutions of ammonia- 
 
 1.0874 15 10.890 
 
 cal salts, especially of chloride of ammonium, from 
 
 1.0937 16 11.616 
 
 which solutions they are usually precipitated on 
 
 1.1001 17 12.342 
 
 the addition of caustic ammonia. 
 
 1.1065 18 13.068 
 
 The salts of c phosphoric acid which are insol- 
 
 1.11.30 19 13.794 
 
 uble in water, are also insoluble in an excess 
 
 1.1196 20 14.520 
 
 of aqueous solutions of the alkaline c phos- 
 
 1.1262 21 15.246 
 
 phates ; while, on the other hand, the pyro- 
 
 1 1329 22 15.972 
 
 phosphates are almost all soluble in an excess 
 
 1.1397 23 16.698 
 
 of a solution of an alkaline pyrophosphate 
 
 1.1465 24 17.424 
 
 those of baryta, lime, and silver being the least 
 
 1.1534 25 18.150 
 
 soluble. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et P/iys., (3.) 20. 
 
 1.1604 26 18.876 
 
 318.) Very many of the c phosphates, which are 
 
 1.1674 27 17.602 
 
 insoluble in water dissolve in an excess of the 
 
 1.1745 28 20328 
 
 aqueous saline solutions, from which they were 
 
 1.1817 29 21.054 
 
 originally precipitated ; from the solutions thus 
 
 1.1889 30 21.780 
 
 obtained the phosphate is usually precipitated 
 
 1.1962 31 22.506 
 
 again when heat is applied, but the precipitate 
 
 1.2036 32 23.232 
 
 disappears again as the mixture cools. (H. Rose, 
 
 1.2111 33 23.958 
 
 Po(/g Ann., 1849,76. 23.) 
 
 1.2186 34 24.684 
 
 Any insoluble c phosphate of a protoxide is 
 
 1.2262 35 25.410 
 
 completely decomposed by any soluble salt of a 
 
 1.2338 36 26.136 
 
 esquioxide, as an alum, for example, either in the 
 
 1.2415 37 26.862 
 
 cold or at the boiling temperature, an insoluble 
 
 1.2493 38 27.588 
 
 )hosphate of the sesquioxide being formed. 
 
 1.2572 39 28.314 
 
 Guignet, C. R., 49. 454.) All phosphates, ex- 
 
 1.2651 40 29040 
 
 cepting the phosphate of binoxide of tin [and of 
 
 1.2731 41 29.766 
 
 )ismuth] are soluble in nitric acid. (Reynoso, 
 
 1.2812 42 30.492 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 34. 321.) All phosphates 
 
 1.2894 43 31.218 
 
 ire either insoluble, or but very sparingly soluble 
 
 1.2976 44 31.944 
 
 n alcohol. (Gmelin's Handbook, 8. 265.) 
 
 1.3059 45. 32.670 
 1.3143 46 33.496 
 
 d = First acid of Fleitmann and Henneberg. Not 
 (SesquiPhosphoric Acid.) isolated. Is said to exist 
 
 1.3227 47 34.222 
 
 " 6 H 0, 4 PO S ." in a soda-salt obtained by 
 
 1.3313 48 34.948 
 
 fusing together various 
 
 1.3399 49 35.674 
 
 mixtures of the soda-salts of the a. b, and c modi- 
 
 1.3486 50 36.400 fications of phosphoric acid. (Flcitmann & Hen- 
 
 1.3573 51 37.126 i neberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 324, 332; 
 
 1.3661 '52 37.852 compare Laurent & Gerhard t, Gmelin's Handbook, 
 
 1.3750 ... 53 ... 38.578 3.96.) 
 
484 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 e = Second acid of Fleitmann and Henneberg. Not 
 "6 HO, 5 PO B ." isolated. Is said to exist in a 
 soda-salt obtained by fusing 
 together certain proportions of pyrophosphate of 
 soda, and hexametaphospbate of soda. (Fleit- 
 mann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 
 65. pp. 324, 333 ; compare Laurent & Gerhardt, 
 Gmdin's Handbook, 3. 96.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE or ACONITIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AGKOSTEMMIN. Ppt. 
 
 MetaPnospHATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) A1 3 3 , 3 aP0 5 Insoluble in water, and con- 
 centrated acids. (Maddrell, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 59.) 
 
 Pi/roPHOSPHATE OF ALUMINA. Soluble in 
 
 2 (A1 2 3 "'), 3 6P0 5 + 10 Aq mineral acids, and in 
 
 an aqueous solution of 
 
 pyrophosphate of soda. Insoluble in acetic acid. 
 (Wittstein.) Soluble in sulphurous anid, from 
 which it is reprecipitated on boiling. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia and potash. 
 A basic salt, insoluble in ammonia-water, is formed 
 when the chlorhydric acid solution is treated with 
 ammonia. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1848, 65. 148.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 pyrophosphate of soda, and of alum. (H. Rose, 
 Fogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 19.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 (DiPhosp/iate of Alumina. Ses- 
 guiPhosphate of Alumina. Ordi- 
 nary precipitated Phosphate.) 
 
 I.) A1 2 3 , cP0 5 + 6 @ 9 Aq Insoluble in water, 
 or in an aqueous 
 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. Soluble in 
 acids, even in acetic acid. (Wittstein.) Soluble 
 in cold, insoluble in warm acetic acid. (Ot. Gr.) 
 Soluble in phosphoric, and in weak chlorhydric, 
 and nitric acids. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of caustic potash, from which it is reprecipitated 
 by chloride of ammonium. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 Vauquelin has stated that it is decomposed by a 
 solution of carbonate of potash, with separation of 
 pure alumina; but this decomposition is only 
 partial, a basic phosphate, apparently No. III., 
 being formed. (Rammelsberg, Fogg. Ann., 1845, 
 64.492.) Slightly soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of alum. On heating the solution thus ob- 
 tained an abundant precipitate is formed which 
 disappears again for the most part on cooling. 
 (H. Rose, Fogy. Ann., 1849,76.26.) It is not 
 precipitated by ammonia-water from solutions 
 which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. (Fourcroy.) 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Rammels- 
 4 A1 2 3 , 3 cPO + 15 ACL & 18 Aq berg, Fogg. Ann., 
 64. 409'.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ALUMINA & LEAD. 
 6(A1 2 3 , 3 HO); 3 Pb 0, P0 5 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF LITHIA. In- 
 2 (3 Li O, P B ); 6 A1 2 3 , P0 5 +30 Aq soluble in wa- 
 ter. Easily sol- 
 uble in acids. (Rammelsberg, Poyg. Ann., 1845, 
 64. 270.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 (Lazulitt.) Unacted upon by acids, until it has 
 been ignited. 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF ALUMINA & OF SODA. 
 Very soluble in water. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Plws., 
 (3.) 20.322.) 
 
 MeZrtPnospiiATE OF AMMONIA. 
 I.) A/OWMKTAPHOSPHATE. Completely insolu- 
 ble in water, and resembles the potash and soda- 
 
 salts in its other physical properties. (Fleitmann, 
 Poyg. Ann., 1849, 78. 252.) 
 
 II.) Z)iMETAPHOSPHATE. Soluble Snl.lSptS. 
 
 2 N H 4 0, 2 a"PO s of water, either hot or cold. Its 
 solubility in dilute spirit is 
 much more considerable than that of the potash 
 or soda salt. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 
 251.) 
 
 III.) /fcraMETAPHOSPHATE ? Known only in 
 aqueous solution. When the aqueous solution is 
 allowed to evaporate spontaneously, the salt is de- 
 composed. (Graham ; compare Wach, Schweiy- 
 ger's Joutn.fiir Ch. u. Phys., 1830, 59. 302.) 
 
 PYROPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. The aqueous solution is perfectly 
 2N H 4 0, ftP0 5 stable at the ordinary temperature, 
 and when allowed to evaporate 
 spontaneously appears to crystallize, but in the 
 act of becoming solid it passes into the ordinary 
 c monophosphate (N H O, 2 H O,cP0 5 ). (Gra- 
 ham, Elements.) Easily soluble in water, the solu- 
 tion losing ammonia when boiled. Alcohol pre- 
 cipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Schwar- 
 zenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 141.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water. Only spar- 
 N H 4 0, H 0, 6P0 6 ingly soluble, or insoluble in 
 alcohol. Alcohol precipitates 
 it as a syrupy, aqueous solution from an acetic 
 acid solution of the normal b salt (No. I.) 
 (Schwarzenberg, loc. cit., p. 142.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 (Neutral Phosphate of Ammonia.) 
 
 I.) di. The crystals undergo decomposition 
 2 N H 4 O, H 0, cPO B when exposed to the air 
 (Mitscherlich, loc. inf. cit.); 
 effloresce superficially, with loss of ammonia. 
 (H. Rose.) Very soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1816, 53. 415.) More solublw 
 in water than the mono-salt. (Mitscherlich, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1821, (2.) 19. 383.) Soluble in 4 pts. 
 of cold, and in less hot water ; when heated, the 
 solution loses ammonia. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 50 pts of it. 
 
 15.5 " 25 
 
 " 100 " more than 25 " 
 
 (Ure'sZ>ict) 
 
 II.) mono. Permanent. Very easily soluble in 
 N II, 0, 2 II O, cPO B water. (Mitscherlich, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., 1821, (2.) 19. 
 373.) Less soluble in water than the diphosphate. 
 (76., p. 383.) Soluble in 5' pts. of cold water; 
 more easily soluble in hot water. (Mitscher- 
 licbflj.) 
 
 III.) iris. Decomposes at once when exposed 
 3NH.O, cPO s to the air. (Mitscherlich, Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys, 1821, (2.) 19. 383.) 
 Less soluble in water than the di-salt. The aque- 
 ous solution is decomposed by evaporation. (Ber- 
 zelius, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1816, 53. 415.) In- 
 soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb., 2. 334.) 
 
 Z)/MtfaPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF CAD- 
 
 N H, 0, Cd 0, 2 aP0 5 + 3 Aq MiuM. Efflorescent. 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. 
 
 Ann., 78.347.) 
 
 MetaPnospiiATE OF AMMONIA & OF COBALT. 
 Extremely soluble in water, and in ammonia- 
 water. (Persoz,. Apr. C//., 1834,3. 215 ; and Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys., (3.) 20. 316.) 
 
 D!MetaPiio^pn\TE OF AMMONIA & OF COP- 
 N II. O, Cu 0, 2 aP0 6 + 2 Aq & 4 Aq PER. 
 
 2 Aq salt is 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 485 
 
 permanent, but the 4 Aq salt loses part of its 
 water when exposed to the air. Very difficultly 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Fleit- 
 mann, Potjg. Ann., 1849, 78. 345.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 
 N H 4 0, 2 Fe O, cPO 5 -f 2 Aq IRON. Permanent. 
 
 Insoluble in water, 
 
 even when this is hot, or in alcohol. While yet 
 moist it dissolves very easily in dilute acids, but 
 after having become dry, tolerably concentrated 
 acids are required for its solution, and these in 
 much larger quantity than is the case with the 
 analogous salts of magnesia and of manganese. 
 Decomposed by ammonia-water and solutions of 
 the fixed caustic alkalies. (Otto, J.pr. 67*., 1834, 
 2. 412.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 IRON. Soluble in ammonia-water. (Dcebereiner.) 
 
 Di HfetaPnospiiAfE OF AMMONIA & OF LEAD. 
 N H 4 0, Pb 0, 2 a"PO B Very difficultly soluble in 
 water. Only difficultly at- 
 tacked bv acids. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 78. 344.)' 
 
 Persoz, also, (.7. pr. Ch., 1834, 3. 216) mentions 
 an insoluble compound. 
 
 DiMeta PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF LIME. 
 N II 4 0, Ca 0, 2 a"PO s + 2 Aq Very difficultly sol- 
 uble in water. To- 
 wards acids it behaves like the lime-salt. (Fleit- 
 mann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 344.) 
 
 HexaMetaPHOSPHAiE OF AMMONIA & OF 
 N H 4 0, 5 Ca O,6a*iPO s LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 
 1849, 78. 362.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF LITHIA. Dif- 
 N H 4 0, 2 Li 0, cP0 5 ficultly soluble in water. 
 (Berzflius.) 
 
 A'il/ptaPnospiiATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAG- 
 N H 4 0, Mu' 0, 2 a"PO s + 6 Aq NESiA. Efflorescent. 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 78. 347.) 
 
 HexaMetaPHOspiiA.TE OF AMMONIA & OF MAG- 
 4Mjj 0, N II 4 0,4 PO B +17 Aq NESIA? Soluble to 
 a considerable ex- 
 tent in cold water, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of alcohol. When boiled in water it 
 appears to dissolve but slightly, and when the cold 
 aqueous solution is heated nearly to boiling, a 
 precipitate forms in it, which slowly dissolves 
 again as the solution cools. It dissolves readily 
 in chlorhydric, nitric, and probably other acids. 
 Somewhat soluble in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of magnesia, from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of alcohol ; also soluble, though 
 less abundantly in solutions of the nitrate, chloride, 
 and acetate of magnesium. Less soluble in a 
 solution of hexametaphosphate of magnesia. 
 (Wach, Schvxigger't Journ.fur Ch. u. Phys., 1830, 
 59. pp. 303, 302, 308.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) 2 Mg O, N II 4 0, cPO 5 + 12 Aq The anhydrous 
 salt is soluble 
 
 in 1 5293 pts. of water at the ordinary temperature ; 
 and is much less soluble in water containing am- 
 monia, from 42780 to 45880 pts. (in the mean 
 44330 pts.) of .such a solution having been re- 
 quired to dissolve 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt at 
 14. In a more recent experiment [in reply to 
 Weber], Fresenius found that 44600 pts. of water 
 containing ammonia dissolved 1 pt. of the anhy- 
 drous phosphate. It is a little more soluble in 
 water which contains chloride of ammonium than 
 
 in pure water, only 7548 pts. of a solution con- 
 taining 1 pt. of N. H 4 Cl to 5 pts. of water being 
 required to dissolve it ; but of a solution of 1 pt. 
 of N Hi Cl in 7 pts. of water containing ammonia 
 15627 pts. were required. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 pp. 130, 756.) 
 
 When recently precipitated it is soluble in a hot 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, and is 
 not repreclpitated therefrom on the addition of an 
 excess of ammonia. Less easily soluble in a solu- 
 tion of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96, 334.) Insoluble in cold 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium or 
 other ammoniacal salts. (H. Rose, TV.) No 
 more soluble in solutions of the alkaline phos- 
 phates than in water. Easily soluble in acids, 
 even acetic and carbonic acids (Pfaff), with partial 
 decomposition. 
 
 Completely insoluble in water which contains 
 phosphate of ammonia, or phosphate of ammonia 
 and soda, in solution. But its solubility in water 
 is not lessened by any other salts besides the phos- 
 phates. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 441.) When in 
 presence of iron or alumina it is soluble to a con- 
 siderable extent in tartaric acid. 
 
 A mixture of 3 pts. water and 1 pt. ammonia- 
 water of 0.96 sp. gr., is best suited for washing it ; 
 a mixture of 4 pts. of water with ] pt. of ammonia- 
 water, as well as strong ammonia-water, dissolves 
 magnesia from it. (Kremers, from Pogg. Ann., 
 in J.pr. Ch., 1852, 55. 190.) In a series of experi- 
 ments made for the purpose of testing the above 
 statement of Kremers, Ebermayer (J. pr. Ch., 
 1853. 60. 41 ), found that 1 pt. of the anhydrous 
 salt is soluble in 13497 pts. of water at 23; in 
 31048 pts. of a mixture of 4 pts. of water and 1 pt. 
 ammonia- water, of 0.961 sp. gr., at 21.25; in 
 36764 pts. of a mixture of 3 pts. of water and 
 1 pt of ammonia-water, at 20.6; in 43089 pts. of 
 a mixture of equal pts. of water and ammonia- 
 water ; in 45206 pts. of a mixture of 1 pt. of water 
 and 2 pts. of ammonia-water, at 22.5; in 52412 
 pts. of a mixture of 1 pt. of water and 3 pts. of 
 ammonia-water, at 22.5; and in 60883 pts. of 
 pure ammonia-water, at 21.25. 
 
 II. ) Mg 6, N H< O, H 0, cPO s + 8 Aq ( Graham.) 
 
 DiMetaPHospn\TE OF AMMONIA & OF MAN- 
 NH 4 O,Mn O, 2a"P0 3 + C Aq GANESE. Efflores- 
 cent. (Fleitmann, 
 Pogg. Ann., 78. 347.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF MANGANESE. 
 N H 4 0, 2 Mn 0, <P0 5 + 12 Aq Insoluble in boiling 
 water, or alcohol. 
 Soluble in dilute acids. (Otto.) 
 
 PyroPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF MANGA- 
 N H 4 0, Mn 0, 6PO S j Na 0, Mn 0, 4PO B + 6 Aq NESE, 
 
 & OF 
 
 SODA. Permanent. Insoluble in water or alco- 
 hol. Readily soluble in acids, even when these 
 are very dilute. (Otto, J. pr. Ch., 1834, 2. 418.) 
 
 MetoPHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF MERCURY 
 
 (Hg O). Soluble in water, or at least, in am- 
 monia-water. (Persoz, J.pr. Ch., 1834, 3. 216.) 
 
 il/etaPnospiiATE OF AMMONIA & OF NICKEL. 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 from which it is redeposited when the ammonia is 
 allowed to exhale. (Persoz, J. pr. Ch. , 1834, 3. 
 215.) [Compare the remarks of Persoz, in Ann 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 316.] 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF NICKEL. In- 
 soluble in water or alcohol. (Compare Tupputi 
 Ann. de Chim., 1811, 78. 169-) 
 
486 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 OP AMMONIA & OF POT- 
 
 a.) N H 4 0, 3 K 0, 4 aPO fi + 4 Aq Difficultly sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 341.) 
 6.) 5 N H 4 0, 2 K 0, 7a"P0 3 Somewhat more sol- 
 uble in water than 
 the. preceding salt. (Fleitmann, loc. cit.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. 
 2 K 6, ftP0 5 i N H 4 0, H 0, 6P0 6 + Aq Deliquescent. 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 water; the solution losing ammonia when boiled. 
 (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 65. 137.) 
 
 DiMctaPHOSPiiA.TE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. 
 
 N H 4 0, Na 0, 2 a"P0 5 More soluble in water than 
 
 the soda salt, but somewhat 
 
 less soluble than the ammonia salt. Less soluble 
 in alcohol than in water. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 
 1849, 78. 340.) 
 
 //earaA/etaPnospHATE OF AMMONIA '& OF 
 (Of varying composition.') SODA. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of spirit. (Fleitmann, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 78. 361.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. 
 N H 4 0, Na 0, 6PO B + 5 Aq Readily soluble in wa- 
 ter, but ammonia is 
 
 evolved when the solution is heated. (Schwarzen- 
 berg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 142.) 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. Efflo- 
 
 (Microcoxmic Salt. Phosphorsalt.) resceilt. Readily 
 N II 4 0, Na 0, H 0, cP0 5 + 8 Aq soluble in water. 
 
 The aqueous so- 
 lution gradually evolves ammonia, especially if it 
 be heated. (M'itscherlich, Ann. Ch. et P/iys.,"l821, 
 (2.) 19. 400.) Soluble in 6 pts. of cold, and in 
 1 pt. of boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 Soluble in 6 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Eatcrr. Zeitschrift far Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF URANIUM. 
 
 N H 4 0, 2 Ur 2 O s , cP0 5 Insoluble in water, or in an 
 
 aqueous solution of acetate 
 
 of ammonia. Completely insoluble in acetic 
 
 acid. (Knop.) 
 
 DiMetaPHOSPH\TE OF AMMONIA & OF ZlNC. 
 
 N H 4 0, Zn 0. 2 a"PO + 6 Aq Efflorescent. (Fleit- 
 mann, Pogg. Ann., 
 1849,78. 347.) 
 
 Py/oPnospHATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. 
 Vid. /(Phosphate of Zinc & of Zinc-ammonium. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Insol- 
 N H 4 0, 2 Zn 0, cP0 6 + 2 Aq uble in water. Solu- 
 ble in acids, and in 
 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, soda, and 
 ammonia. (Bette.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIORHODIUM. Soluble 
 in water. (Glaus, Beitrage, p. 90.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIUMCHLORPLATIN- 
 
 (Phosphate of Groses Base.) (ous) AMMONIUM. Much 
 
 less soluble in water 
 
 than the nitrate. (Gros, Ann. der Pharm., 1838, 
 27. 256.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIUMCHLORPLATIN(OUS) 
 
 ( Raewsky^s Phosphate. SesquicMorhydro- ^ M MONI U M 
 phosphate lit diplatinamint(of Gerhardt).) &. _ AM 
 
 H . O, M O N I U M- 
 
 Cl O XYPLAT- 
 
 IN(OS)AM- 
 
 M O N I U M. 
 
 Nearly in- 
 
 H 13 Cl Pt 2 N 4 P 8 
 
 4" 2 \ 
 
 N 2 Pt O . O. H I cPO 
 
 ?N H 4 / 
 
 soluble in cold, slightly soluble in hot water. 
 (Raewsky.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AMTL. Vid. AmylPhosphoric 
 Acid. 
 MetaPnospHATE OF ANILIN. Soluble in wa- 
 
 tt / C i2 H ji o aPO ter> ^ e so ' ut ' on undergoing 
 | H 2 . H ' ' 5 decomposition when boiled. 
 Entirely insoluble in alcohol, 
 or ether. (Nicholson.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF ANILIN. Soluble in wa- 
 
 2 N j H 12 ^ 0, 6P0 5 , 2 H 0, 6P0 5 ? en , Entirely 
 ( H t H insoluble in al- 
 
 cohol or ether. 
 (Nicholson.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ANILIN. 
 
 I.) di. Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 o xr ^ C,, H B on (Hofmann, Ann. 
 
 2N K.H- ' HO ' cP 5+2A<1 Ck.* Phys., (3.) 
 
 9. 155.) Readily 
 
 soluble in water, and ether ; less soluble in alco- 
 hol. Sparingly soluble in cold alcohol, but so 
 abundantly soluble in hot alcohol that the solution 
 solidifies on cooling. (Nicholson.) 
 
 II.) mono. Readily soluble, with partial de- 
 
 water. Readily 
 soluble, without 
 
 decomposition, in alcohol, and ether. (Nicholson.) 
 PyroPnospHATE OF ANTIMONY. On boiling 
 oxide of antimony with an aqueous solution of 
 monopyrophosphate of soda a liquid is obtained 
 which contains in solution much oxide of anti- 
 mony ; but on evaporating to dryness and adding 
 water, most of the oxide of antimony remains un- 
 dissolved. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 1848, 65. 160.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of tero9de OF ANTIMONY. 
 I.) 2 Sb 3 , P0 5 Insoluble in cold, slowly de- 
 composed by boiling water. 
 (Brandes.) 
 
 II.) 2 Sb 3 , 3 cPO B + 2 Aq Decomposed by cold 
 water. (Brandes.) 
 
 III.) 4 Sb O s , P0 6 Insoluble in boiling water. 
 
 (Brandes.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF AZONAPHTHYLAMIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water, and alcohol. (Zinin.) 
 
 -MrfaPlIOSPHATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) Monometaphosphate? Insoluble in water, 
 (Anhydrous.) and dilute acids. Decomposed by 
 BaO, aPO 5 warm concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Maddrell, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 1847, 
 61.61.) Insoluble in acids. (Fleifmann &, Hen- 
 neberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848,65. 313.) Com- 
 pletely insoluble in water. Scarcely at all at- 
 tacked by acids. Not decomposed when digested 
 with carbonate of soda. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 
 
 1849, 78. 255.) Not decomposed by digestion 
 in solutions of the alkaline carbonates. (Fleit- 
 mann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 352.) 
 
 II.) Dimetaphosphate. Very difficultly soluble 
 
 2 Ba 0, 2 a"P0 5 + 4 Aq in water. Somewhat less 
 
 soluble in water than the 
 
 trimetaphpsphate. Scarcely attacked by boiling 
 acids, even by concentrated nitric, or chlorhydric 
 acid. Easily decomposed by concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid.' (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 
 254.) 
 
 III.) Trimetaphosphate. Somewhat soluble in 
 
 3 Ba 0, 3 <z"'P0 6 & + 2 Aq & 6 Aq water. When heated 
 
 to redness, it melts, 
 and is then insoluble in acids. (Fleitmann & 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 487 
 
 Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 313, 
 314.) See also above, under No. II. 
 
 IV.) flexametaphosphate ? 'insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of metaphosphate 
 of soda. Like tbe metaphosphates in general, it is 
 precipitated with considerable difficulty from very 
 dilute solutions, although when once precipitated 
 it is like them, highly insoluble. It may be boiled 
 in water for two hours without sensible change, 
 but it then begins to dissolve, and the solution 
 proceeds at an accelerated rate, till eventually the ' 
 whole disappears, having been changed to a solu- 
 ble c phosphate. After having been ignited it is 
 difficultly soluble in nitric acid. (Graham, /*/<//. 
 Trans., "l833, 123. pp. 278, 279.) Completely 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of hexametaphos- 
 phate of soda. The salt obtained from the acid 
 prepared by burning phosphorus in oxygen is ex- 
 ceedingly difficultly soluble in an excess of this 
 acid. (il. Rose, Fogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 3; com- 
 pare also Ibid., pp. 5, 6.) Insoluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (Wackenro- 
 der, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 316.) 
 
 OF BARYTA. Ppt. Some- 
 2 Ba 0, 6P0 5 -f- Aq what soluble in water. Insol- 
 
 uble in acetic acid, or in an 
 aqueous solution of pyropbosphate of soda. Solu- 
 ble in nitric, chlorhydric, and sulphurous acids, and 
 sparingly in pyrophosphoric acid. (Schwarzen- 
 herg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 143.) Insolu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium. ( Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 
 316.) Insoluble, or as good as insoluble, in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg.Ann., 1849, 76. 16.) Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, or 
 rather, only very slightly soluble therein when 
 recently precipitated. (Stromeyer, Giilt. gelehrte 
 Am., 1st vol. of the year 1830* p. Ill ; also, in 
 Schweigger^s Jou.rn.fdr Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OP BARYTA. 
 
 I.) ordinary, di. Permanent. Very sparingly 
 2 Ba 0, H O, cP0 6 soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in 20570 pts. of water 
 at 18.75 @ 22.5. (G. Bischof, Schweiyger's Journ. 
 fur Ch. u. Phys., 1833, 67. pp. 44, 40.) The sol- 
 ubility of bibasic phosphate of baryta is ^^1^-^. 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 346.) Sol- 
 uble in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, with evolution of ammonia. (Fuchs; 
 Demarcay, Ann. der Pharm., 1836, 11. 251.) Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium. (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 
 315.) When recently precipitated it is soluble in 
 a cold aqueous solution 'of chloride of ammonium, 
 and in the solution thus obtained an excess of 
 ammonia produces no precipitate. Less soluble 
 in a solution of nitrate of ammonia than in a solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium. (Brett, Phil. 
 M(ig., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96, 334 ; compare p 99.) 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium, nitrate of ammonia, and succinate of 
 ammonia. (H. Rose, Wittstein.) Only slightly 
 soluble in pure water, but is abundantly soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 Also more soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 chlorides of barium and sodium than in water, 
 1 pt. of it dissolving in 4362 pts. of a solution 
 containing 1.2% of Na Cl, and 0.8% of Ba Cl. 
 (Ludwig.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 normal citrate of soda. (Spiller.) It is partially 
 
 decomposed when boiled with an aqueous solution 
 of carbonate of potash or of carbonate of soda. 
 (Dulong, Ann. d<>. Chim., 82. 279.) Insoluble in 
 an aqueous solution of phosphate of soda or of 
 chloride of barium. (H. Iiose,'Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 23.) 
 
 When one equivalent of 2 Ba O, H O, P O 5 is 
 boiled with 1 equivalent of K O, 2 C 2 in aque- 
 ous solution 4 j 6 ^ 2 of it may be decomposed ; 
 when boiled with an equivalent of Na O, 2 C O, 
 2 vro 4 f '* ma y be decomposed. While, on the 
 other hand, when an equivalent of Ba O, 2 C O 2 
 is boiled with one of 2 K O, H O, P O 5 2iJ_7. 
 of it may be decomposed, and when boiled with 
 an equivalent of 2 Na O, H O, P 6 ^ of it 
 may be decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 51.348.) When an equivalent of 2BaO, 
 H O, P Os is boiled with an equivalent of K O, 
 S O s , in aqueous solution, J^ of it may be de- 
 composed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 51. 335.) 
 
 Soluble in 367 (B> 403 pts. of acetic acid, of 
 1.032 sp. gr , at 22.5. (G. Bischof, Schweiqger's 
 Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1833, 67. 40.) Readily 
 soluble in dilute phosphoric, chlorhydric, and nitric 
 acids with formation of the soluble mono (No. II.) 
 salt. It should be observed, that, speaking in 
 general terms, up to a certain limit, this solution 
 occurs more readily in proportion as the acids are 
 more dilute, for, as a rule, the barium salts are 
 precipitated from their aqueous solutions on the 
 addition of free acid. 
 
 Much more soluble in dilute than in concen- 
 trated nitric acid at the ordinary temperature. In 
 the experiments tabulated below an excess of the 
 phosphate was digested during 24 hours with 
 nitric acid of the indicated strengths. 
 
 100 pts. of n f trie 
 acid of J.275 sp. 
 gr., mixed with 
 the amounts of 
 water given in col- 
 . unm 2, dissolve 
 pts. of phosphate 
 of baryta. 
 
 0.062 
 0.56 
 1.67 
 3.16 
 6.03 
 8.74 
 12.88 
 1 5.53 
 18.68 
 33.02 
 49.91 
 26.78 
 27.30 
 3803 
 39.16 
 
 From these figures it appears that the solvent 
 power of the nitric acid increases with its dilution 
 up to a certain point, and then decreases as the 
 dilution is increased, though these changes are 
 not regular. The maximum solvent power of 
 the nitric acid of 1.275 sp. gr. occurs when it 
 is diluted with !0 pts. of water, or that of the 
 most concentrated nitric acid, when it is diluted 
 with about 29 pts. of water. In attempting to rec- 
 oncile the irregularity in experiments 13 and 14, 
 by repeating these, it was inexplicably made 
 greater, as follows : 
 
 1 pt. of phosphate 
 of baryta dis- 
 solves at 18.75 
 @ 22.5 in 
 
 of a mixture of 
 1 pt. df nitric 
 acid of 1.275 sp. 
 gr. at 21.25 
 and pts. of 
 water. 
 
 1563 pts. 
 318 
 
 ... ... 
 0.792 
 
 155 
 
 1.584 
 
 107 
 
 2.375 
 
 69 
 
 3.168 
 
 57 
 
 3.960 
 
 45 
 
 4.752 
 
 52 
 
 7. 
 
 48 
 
 8. 
 
 30 
 
 9. 
 
 22 
 
 10. 
 
 45 
 
 11. 
 
 66 
 
 17. 
 
 63 
 74 
 
 23. 
 . 29. 
 
488 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 100 pts. of nitric 
 
 of a mixture of acid of 1.275 sp. 
 
 1 pt. of phosphate 1 pt. of nitric gr., mixed with 
 
 of baryta dis- acid of 1.275 the amounts of 
 
 solves at 18.75 sp. gr. at 21.25 water given in 
 
 (ft 22.5 in nd pts. of water. column 2, dissolve 
 
 pts. of phosphate 
 
 of baryta. 
 
 28 pts. 17 64.39 
 
 65 23 36.85 
 
 In order to ascertain whether or no these irreg- 
 ularities might he due to differences of tempera- 
 ture the following series of experiments was made 
 at the constant temperature of 15.63 : 
 
 100 pts. of nitric 
 
 of a mixture of acid of 1.275 sp. 
 1 pt. of nitric gr., mixed with 
 
 1 pt. of phosphate ^^ of j 27 g the amounts of 
 
 of baryta dissolves gp . gr . a t21.25 water given in 
 
 at 15.63 in and pts.of water. col. 2, dissolve 
 
 pts. of phos- 
 phate of baryta. 
 
 392 pts. ... 1 - 51 
 
 94.5 4 5.29 
 
 43 7 18-71 
 
 27 10 40.19 
 
 34 13 41.49 
 
 26.5 16 64.19 
 
 61 .... 19 32.63 
 
 On attempting to reconcile the discrepancies be- 
 tween Nos. 5 and 6 the following discordant re- 
 sults were obtained. (At the temperature of 
 16.87.) 
 
 24 13 57.45 
 
 48 16 35.83 
 
 A series of experiments with more dilute acids 
 
 than the foregoing gave the following results. 
 
 (Temperature 16.25 ( 17.5.) 
 
 100 pts. of nitric 
 
 of a mixture of acid of 1.275 sp. 
 
 1 pt.' of phosphate 1 pt. of nitric gr.. mixed with 
 
 of baryta dis- acid of 1/275 the amounts of 
 
 solves at 16.25 sp. gr. at 21.25 water given in 
 
 @ 17.5 in and pts of water. col. 2, dissolve 
 
 pts. of phos- 
 phate of baryta. 
 
 19 , . . 74.22 
 
 27 pts. 
 
 32 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 
 68 
 
 72 
 
 29 
 39 
 49 
 79 
 99 
 
 93.49 
 
 89.76 
 
 104.70 
 
 117.37 
 
 139.73 
 
 and (temperature = 11.25) 
 
 571 .... 500* .... 87.69 
 
 817 1000* 123.00 
 
 8595 . . . 10000* . . . 116.41 
 
 The solvent power of the acid is consequently 
 "decreased very much by strong dilution ; but in 
 the last experiment the 10000 times diluted acid 
 still dissolves more than twice as much of the 
 phosphate as pure water, and the 1000 times di- 
 luted acid almost twice as much as the standard 
 acid of 1.275 sp. gr. 
 
 Bischof confesses himself unable to explain the 
 great discrepancies which his results exhibit ; for 
 his discussion of this question, see p. 47 of his 
 memoir. By direct experiment he found that, 
 while 1 pt. of the phosphate dissolved in 32 pts. 
 of dilute acid, with which it had been violently 
 shaken, the same quantity was dissolved in 31 pts. 
 of similar acid, in which it had been allowed to lie 
 quietly, and from which it was decanted, without 
 
 *0r, starting with the most concentrated nitric ncid. 1 pt. 
 of it is diluted with 1353 pts. of water in the first experi- 
 ment, with 2704 pts. in the second, and with 27029 pts. in 
 the third. 
 
 disturbing the undissolved phosphate. (G. Bi- 
 schof, Schweigger's Jourtt. fur Ch. u. Phijs., 1833, 
 67. pp. 41 -50.) In citing the first table of Bi- 
 schof, Gmelin (Handbook, 3. 144) remarks : " The 
 solution is doubtless effected by the conversion of 
 the diphosphate of baryta into nitrate and soluble 
 monophosphate of baryta. The more concen- 
 trated the solution the less easily is the nitrate of 
 baryta taken up. A certain degree of dilution is 
 therefore necessary ; but when it is too great, the 
 decomposing influence of the nitric acid is prob- 
 ably interfered with." In confirmation of which 
 compare Bischof's first two experiments, p. 41 of 
 his memoir. 
 
 II.) mono. Permanent. Decomposed by water, 
 Ba 0, 2 H 0, cP0 6 especially on boiling, with de- 
 position of the disalt and solu- 
 tion of free phosporic acid and a little phosphate 
 of baryta. Soluble in phosphoric acid and in 
 other acids. (Berzelius, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 
 1816, 53. pp. 398, 399.) Soluble in water. 
 (Mitscherlich, Ann. ~Ch. et Phys., 1821, (2.) 19. 
 360.) 
 
 III.) tri. Very slightly soluble, or insoluble, 
 3 BaO, cP0 5 in water. Easily soluble in acids. 
 
 IV.) Compound of Nos. I. and 111. Ppt. De- 
 
 2 Ba 0, II 0, P O B ; 3 Ba O, P B composed by water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Berzelius, Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1816, 53. 400; 
 also in his Lehrb., 3. 366.) 
 
 V.) Salt of Fleitmahn Sf Henneberg^s \st acid. 
 
 " 6 Ba 0, 4 P 6 -I- x Aq." Insoluble precipitate. On 
 
 heating the salt more 
 
 strongly than is necessary to expel its water it 
 becomes insoluble in acids. (F. & H., Ann. Ch.u. 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 331, 332, 329.) 
 
 7W.il/etaPnospHATE OF BARYTA & OF SODA. 
 2 Ba 0, Na 0, 3 a'P0 6 + 8 Aq & 3 Aq. Much more sol- 
 uble in water 
 
 than the simple baryta-salt. When melted it is 
 easily soluble in acids, but if only gently ignited, 
 and not melted, it is insoluble in acids. (Fleit- 
 mann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharnt., 1848, 
 65. 314.) 
 
 PyroPiiospiiATE OF BARYTA & OF SODA. 
 6 (2 Ba 0, 6P0 5 ) ; 2 NaO, 6P0 5 + 6 Aq Completely in- 
 soluble in an 
 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, but 
 not insoluble in water or ammonia-water. Easily 
 soluble in nitric and chlorhydric acids. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Baer, Pogg. Ann., 1848, 75. pp. 164, 
 165.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF BEBIRIN ? Ppt. Easily sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid. (v. Planta, Phil. Mag., 
 1851, (4.) 1. 116.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OP BENZIDIN. Almost insoluble 
 in boiling water, or alcohol. 
 
 TVfraATetaPHOSPHATE OF BISMUTH. Insolu- 
 ble in water. Easily decomposed by an aqueous 
 solution of sulphide of sodium. (Fleitmann, 
 Pcyg. Ann., 1849, 78. pp. 358, 363.) 
 
 /7ra,l(rfaPHOSPHATE OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. In- 
 
 soluble in water acidulated with nitric acid. Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of hexametaphos- 
 phate of soda. (H. Hose, Pogg. Ann, 1849, 
 76. 5.) Insoluble in ammonia-water. (Persoz, 
 J.pr. Ch., 1843, 3. 215.) 
 
 AyroPnospHATE OF BISMUTH. Ppt. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, 
 with combination. (Stromeyer, Gtitt. geiehrte 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 489 
 
 Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in 
 Sckitnigger'a Journ. fiir Ch. u.Phys., 58. 1 30. ) Ppt. 
 Insoluble in water acidulated with nitric acid. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate 
 of soda. (H. Hose, Fogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 20.) 
 A boiling aqueous solution of monopyrophosphate 
 of soda dissolves no inconsiderable quantity of 
 oxide of bismuth. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Phys., 1848, 65. 160.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) Bi o g '", cP0 5 + 3 Aq Insoluble in water or 
 in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 (Thomson's System of Chew.., London, 1831, 2. 
 684.) Completely insoluble in water or in hot 
 nitric acid, unless this be present in large excess. 
 Sensibly soluble in aqueous solutions of the am- 
 moniacal salts. (Chancel.) 
 
 Phosphate of bismuth is only difficultly precipi- 
 tated from solutions which contain a salt of ses- 
 quioxide of iron ; but from solutions containing a 
 salt of protoxide of iron, it is easily precipitated. 
 (Chancel, C. R., 1860, 51. 882.) When solutions 
 of phosphate of soda and nitrate of bismuth (in 
 dilute nitric acid) are mixed in presence of nitrate 
 of sesquioxide of iron, nitrate of alumina, nitrate 
 of sesquioxide of chromium, or nitrate of sesqui- 
 oxide of ufknium, phosphate of bismuth is not 
 precipitated, or is only partially precipitated. 
 Precipitated phosphate of bismuth may even be 
 redissolved when digested with a large quantity of 
 nitrate of uranium, and but little of this is needed 
 to prevent the precipitation of the phosphate. On 
 the other hand, solutions of the nitrates of ammo- 
 nia, potash, baryta, strontia, lime, and magnesia 
 do not appear to exercise any solvent action upon 
 the phosphate. (McCurdy, Am. J. ScL, (2.) 31. 
 282.) More easily soluble in chlorhydric than in 
 nitric acid. ( H. Rose, Jr. ) Insoluble in solutions 
 of bismuth salts. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 26.) 
 
 II.) There are two salts ; one permanent and 
 soluble, the other insoluble in water. ( Wenzel.) 
 
 Phosphate of bismuth is readily soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, but 
 insoluble in a solution of nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 98.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF BRUCIN. 
 
 I.) 2 (N 2 j V M H 26 8 ". H 0), H 0, P 5 + Aq 
 
 Ef- 
 flo- 
 
 cent. Tolerably soluble in cold, and soluble in 
 all proportions in hot water. (Anderson, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 58.) 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. Very soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF BRUCIN & OF SODA. 
 N 2 j ^4s H 2 6 <V' . H 0, Na 0, H 0, P0 5 + Aq 
 PHOSPHATE OF CACODTL. 
 
 OF CADMIUM. Very solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. (Persoz, J. pr. Ch., 1834, 
 2. 215.) 
 
 Insoluble 
 
 in water. Easily decomposed by an aqueous solu- 
 tion of sulphide of sodium. (Fleitmann, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 78. pp. 358, 363.) 
 
 Pj/roPnospHATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in 
 
 2 Cd 0, 6P0 + 2 Aq ammonia- water, in acids, and 
 
 in an aqueous solution of 
 
 pyrophosphate of soda. Soluble in sulphurous 
 
 acid, from which it is precipitated when the solu- 
 
 tion is boiled. Insoluble in a solution of caustic 
 
 62 
 
 potash. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 1848, 65. 153.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of pyrophosphate of soda ; but on heating this 
 solution a precipitate forms and does not dis- 
 appear again on cooling. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 
 
 1849, 76. 19.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 3 Cd 0, cP0 5 ter. 
 
 Soluble in a cold aqueous solution 
 of chloride of ammonium ; less completely soluble 
 in a solution of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 99, 334.) Easily soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the salts of cadmium ; on 
 heating the solution thus obtained a precipitate is 
 formed, which disappears again on cooling. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 76. 25.) Readily soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the sulphate, nitrate, and 
 succinate of ammonia, and of chloride of ammo- 
 nium. (Wittstein.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water, or in a solution of 
 
 2 Ce 0, H 0, cP0 5 phosphoric acid. Slightly solu- 
 
 ble in chlorhydric and nitric 
 acids. (Hisinger & Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) tri. Occurs native as the mineral Crypto- 
 
 3 Ce 0, P0 5 lite, which is insoluble in dilute nitric 
 
 acid, but dissolves in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. ( Woehler. ) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CHELIDONIN. Readily solu- 
 ble in water, spirit, and absolute alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 1839, 29. 
 127.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CHLORANILIN. Tolerably 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. In- 
 soluble in water. Readily soluble in acids. (Mo- 
 berg.) 
 
 A/etoPnospHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water, and concentrated acids. 
 Cr, 0.'" 3oPO a (Maddrell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1847, 61. 60.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 2 Cr 2 O s '", 3 ftP0 5 + 7 Aq Soluble in the strong 
 
 mineral acids, in water 
 
 acidulated with sulphurous acid, from which it is 
 reprecipitated on boiling, and in aqueous solutions 
 of pyrophosphate of soda, and caustic potash. 
 (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm,, 1848, 65. 
 149.) Insoluble in an aqueous solution of pyro- 
 phosphate of soda. (Stromeyer, Go'tt. gtlehrte 
 Am., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also, in 
 Schweigger's Journ. fiir Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) ordinary precipitated. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Cr 2 3 '", cP0 5 + 12 A q, & 10 Aq, Soluble in phos- 
 
 & 6 Aq(Rammelsberg). phoric acid, and is 
 
 not precipitated 
 
 from the acid solution on the addition of carbonate 
 of ammonia. (T.Thomson, Phil. Trans., 1827, 
 Part I., pp. 210, 203.) Insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in acids. It is not precipitated by ammo- 
 nia from its acid solution when this contains at 
 the same time citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) " acid." Soluble in water. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 P^roPnospHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM 
 & OF POTASH. Known only in solution. (Persoz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 322.) 
 
 cPHOSPHATE OF ClNCHONIDIN(of PaStCUr). 
 
 Difficultly soluble in cold water. (Winckler, 
 from Buchn. Rep., (2. ) 49. 1 , in Pharm. Central B., 
 1848, 19. 311.) 
 
490 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIN. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 J/etoPnospHATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) Z)/METAPHO$PHATE ? Insoluble in water 
 2 CoO, 2.a"P0 5 and dilute acids. Soluble in con 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Mad 
 drell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 58.) Scarcely 
 at all attacked by a boiling aqueous solution o 
 sulphide of sodium. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann. 
 1849, 78. 352.) 
 
 II.) Trz'METAPiiospHATE. Appears to be solu 
 ble in water. (Fleitmann, cited by H. Rose 
 Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 III.) feraMETAPHOspHATE. Ppt. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of hexametaphosphate o 
 soda. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 4.) 
 
 Persoz (J. pr. Ch., 1834, 3. 215) speaks of a 
 meta (hexa?) phosphate of cobalt soluble in am 
 monia-water. 
 
 OF COBALT. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water [at least when in presence of pyro- 
 phosphate of nickel], from which solution alcohol 
 precipitates it. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. 158.) Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of pyrophosphate of soda, with combina- 
 tion. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte Am., 1st vol. o( 
 the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in Schweigger's Journ. 
 fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) Easily soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda ; this 
 red solution becomes blue when heated, but re- 
 mains clear, and regains its red color on cooling. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 19.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water. Soluble in phos- 
 
 2 Co O, H 0, cP0 5 -(- 5 Aq phoric acid. (Berzelius, 
 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) tri. Soluble in phosphoric acid, and am- 
 
 3 Co 0, cP0 5 monia-water. 
 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 salts of cobalt ; on boiling the solution thus ob- 
 tained, a precipitate is formed, which redissolves 
 completely on cooling. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 25.) Imperfectly soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of chloride of ammonium and nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) Decomposed 
 by an aqueous solution of any salt of a sesquioxide, 
 with formation of an insoluble phosphate of the 
 sesquioxide employed ; when boiled with a solu- 
 tion of potash-alum it is completely decomposed 
 in less than an hour ; with chrome alum the decom- 
 position is more rapid, and with iron alum the 
 decomposition is complete after a few minutes, 
 even in the cold. Instead of the alums, any other 
 salt of a sesquioxide may be employed, for ex- 
 ample, nitrate of iron, tartrate of iron and of pot- 
 ash, &c. (Guignet, C. R., 49. 454.) 
 PHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 .MetaPnospHATE OF COBALT & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Dimetaphosphate ? Insoluble in water, and 
 
 6 (Co 0, aP0 6 ); Na 0, aPOs dilute acids. Soluble in 
 
 concentrated sulphuric 
 
 acid. (Maddrell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 
 pp. 57, 56.) 
 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Soluble in water. (Fleif- 
 mann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 pp. 315, 30'J.) 
 
 PyroPlIOSPHATE OF COBALT & OF SODA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. (Stromeyer, Gmt. gelehrte Am., 
 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in Schweig- 
 ger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF COBALT & OF ZINC. 
 I.) Co 0, 2 Zn 0, cP0 5 -f 6 Aq Insoluble in water. 
 (Domente.) 
 
 II.) 4 Co 0, 5 Zn 0, 9 H 0, 6 cP0 5 -I- 9 Aq Ppt. 
 PHOSPHATE OF CODEIN. Verv soluble in 
 
 N j H w " . H 0, 2 H 0, cPO B + 3 Aq Water 5 frOm 
 ( n this solution 
 
 it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of strong alcohol. v 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CONJIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) Dimetaphosphate. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water, and dilute 
 2 Cu 0, 2 a"PO 6 acids. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Maddrell, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 60.) Completely insol- 
 uble in water, and almost as insoluble in most 
 acids, even when these are concentrated, and al- 
 kalies, being tolerably easily soluble only in am- 
 monia-water, and hot concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 It is not in the least decomposed by sulphuretted 
 hydrogen water, but is decomposed "by solutions 
 of the alkaline sulphides; best by sulphide of am- 
 monium, less easily by the sulphides of sodium 
 and potassium. (Fleitmann, PogcfitAnn., 1849, 
 78. pp. 246, 241.) 
 
 b = hydrated. A concentrated aqueous solution 
 2CuO,2a"PO s -f 8 Aq of dimetaphosphate of soda be- 
 ing mixed with a solution of sul- 
 phate of copper occasions no precipitate, even after 
 the mixture has stood for days. But on the addi- 
 tion of spirit, or on evaporating the solution, the 
 precipitate separates out, and when once sepa- 
 rated is completely insoluble in water. If a solu- 
 tion of chloride of copper be taken, instead of the 
 sulphate, the metaphosphate of copper is much 
 more readily formed, separating as hydrated crys- 
 tals. Like the anhydrous salt, this is completely 
 insoluble in water. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 78. 256.) 
 
 II.) Hexametaphosphate. Ppt. Soluble in an 
 excess of hexametaphosphate of soda, or of chlo- 
 ride of copper. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 4.) 
 
 PnospHATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 2 Cu 0, &P0 6 + 2 Aq mineral acids, ammonia-wa- 
 ter, and an aqueous solution 
 of pyrophosphate of soda. Soluble, without de- 
 composition, in an aqueous solution of sulphurous 
 acid, from which it crystallizes out unaltered on 
 boiling. Decomposed by a boiling aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 156.) Soluble, with 
 combination, in an aqueous solution of pyrophos- 
 phate of soda. It is not decomposed in the least 
 by a boiling solution of pyrophosphate of soda, 
 hut boiling ordinary (c) phosphate of soda decom- 
 poses it at once, c phosphate of copper being pre- 
 cipitated. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte Anz., 1st vol. 
 of the year 1830, pp. 110, 111 ; also, in Schweig- 
 ger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. pp. 129, 130.) 
 Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of pyrophos- 
 ahate of soda. Also soluble in a very large ex- 
 ^ess of a solution of sulphate of copper ; on heat- 
 ng this solution a precipitate is produced which 
 docs not disappear on cooling. (H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 76. 18.) 
 
 The anhydrous salt, obtained by gently igniting 
 a mixture of oxide of copper and an excess of 
 phosphoric acid, is completely insoluble in water, 
 and very difficultly soluble in acids, even when 
 these are concentrated. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 491 
 
 1849, 78. 244.) Equally insoluble with the in- 
 soluble metaphosphate of copper of Maddrell, but 
 is easily decomposed by sulphuretted hydrogen- 
 water. (H. Rose, Poyg. Ann., 76. 14 ; for Rose's 
 remarks upon the probability of the acid of this 
 salt being different from common pyrophosphoric 
 acid, see Ibid., p. 13.) Rather easily decomposed 
 by sulphuretted hydrogen-water. (Fleitmann, loc. 
 clt., p. 241.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF COPPER. 
 I.) mono or " acid." 
 
 II ) dL Insoluble in water. Soluble in phos- 
 
 2 Cu 0, H 0, cPO s + 3 Aq phoric acid. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous 
 
 solutions of chloride of ammonium or nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 
 3 Cu 0, cPO B -J- 3 Aq in acids, even in phosphoric, 
 
 acetic, and sulphurous acids. 
 Slightly soluble in aqueous solutions of the am- 
 moniacal salts. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in solutions of the salts of 
 protoxide of copper ; on heating the solution thus 
 obtained, a precipitate falls, but disappears again 
 as the solution cools. (H. Rose, Fogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 25.) Soluble in ammonia-water. (H. Rose, 
 Tr.) Decomposed by an aqueous solution of any 
 salt of a sesquioxide, with formation of an insolu- 
 ble phosphate of the sesquioxide ; these decom- 
 positions occur, however, less readily with phos- 
 phate of copper than with the phosphates of 
 cobalt, nickel, and silver. (Guignet, C. R., 49. 
 455.) 
 
 IV.) basic. 
 
 4 Cu O, P 5 + 2 Aq 
 
 V.) basic. 
 3 (Cu 0, cPO 5 ) : 2 Cu 0, II 
 
 VI.) 5CuO, P0 5 + 3 Aq Easily soluble in am- 
 monia-water, and in 
 nitric acid. 
 
 VII.) 6 CuO, P0 5 + 3Aq 
 
 P^roPnospHATE OF COPPER & OP POTASH. 
 2 Cu 0, 2>P0 5 , 2 K 0, 6P0 6 + x Aq Extremely solu- 
 ble in water. 
 (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 324.) 
 
 7'eJraMetaPHOSPHATE OF COPPER & OF SODA. 
 
 2 Cu 0, 2 Na 0, 4 a"P0 6 As completely insoluble 
 
 in water as dimetaphos- 
 
 phate of copper, and cannot be separated from 
 its mixture with the latter. Completely, though 
 difficultly, decomposed by digestion in an aque- 
 ous solution of sulphide of sodium. (Fleitmann, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 356.) 
 
 Py?-oPHOSPHATE OF COPPER & OF SODA. 
 I. ) 2 Cu 0, 6P0 5 ; 2 Na O, *P0 + 12 Aq ^ Soluble in 
 II.) 2 Cu 0, iPO r> ; 3 (2Na 0, 6PO S ) + V w a t e r ; 
 4Aq&24Aq )(Persoz, 
 
 Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 20. pp. 323, 325 ; compare Stro- 
 nieyer, Gott. gelehrte Anz., 1st vol. of the year 
 1830, p. Ill ; or Schweigger's Jour n. fur Ch. u. 
 Phys., 58. 130.) Very efflorescent. No. I. is less 
 soluble than No. II., which is more soluble in 
 water than pyrophosphate of soda. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Fleitmann & Hennebcrg, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm, 1848, 65. 387.) 
 
 HI.) 3(2CuO, ftP0 5 );2NaO,6P0 6 -f 7Aq Com- 
 pletely 
 
 insoluble in water, or alcohol. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Fleitmann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch.u. 
 Pharm., 18*8, 65. 387.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF COPPER & of sesquioxide OF 
 Cu 0, 2 Ur 2 O 3 , PO S + 8 Aq URANIUM. Easily 
 soluble in acids. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CRESYL. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CUMIDIN. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF CYSTIN. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF DIDYMIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 3 Di 0, ePO fi + 2 Aq ter. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 weak acids. Easily soluble in 
 
 strong acids. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 38. 163.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in wa- 
 2 C 4 H 5 0, ftP0 5 ter, alcohol, and ether. (De Cler- 
 mont, Ann. Ch. et l } hys., (3.) 44. 
 332.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Vid. EthylPhosphoric Acid. 
 C 4 II,; 0, 2 II 0, cP0 5 
 
 II. ) di. Vid. eh'EthylPhosphoric Acid. 
 2 C 4 H 5 0, H O, cP0 5 
 
 III.) tri. Miscible with water, by which it is 
 
 (EtkylPhosphate of Ethyl.) soon decomposed how- 
 
 3C 4 H 6 0, cP0 3 ever. (De Clermont.) 
 
 Soon, decomposed by 
 
 cold, and at once by hot water. (Schiff.) Mis- 
 cible with alcohol, ether, and even with water. 
 (Vcegeli.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ETHYLAMIN & OF MAGNE- 
 
 ble in wa- 
 
 ter than the corresponding ammonia-salt. (E. 
 Meyer.) 
 PHOSPHATE OF tefrETHYLAMMONiUM. 
 
 P^roPHOSPHATE OF FURFURIN. 
 
 I.) = anhydrous. 
 2 (N f J(C W H 4 <V'), . HO)6P0 5 
 
 II.) = hydrated. Readily soluble in water, and 
 2 (N 2 j (C 10 H 4 2 ) s . H o) 6PO S + 2 Aq alcohol. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF FURFURIN. 
 
 I.) mono or " add." Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 N 2 {(C 10 H 4 0,VHO )2 HO, C P0 6 g-tetS 
 
 Readily soluble 
 
 in hot alcohol. Apparently insoluble in ether. 
 (Svanberg & Bergstrand.) 
 
 II.) di or " normal." Readily soluble in boiling 
 2 (N J J(C 10 H 4 O^.HO) ; IIO,;P0 5 3ffiSt5 
 
 insoluble in 
 ether. (Svanberg & Bergstrand.) 
 
 III.) tri. Readily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 3(N,J ( C M I,,0,.,,.HO)PO. -[* gSJ 
 
 verg & Berg- 
 strand.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF GLAUCIN. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF GLAUCOPICRIN. 
 
 P^roPnospiiATE OF GLUCINA. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, with 
 combination. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte Anz., 1st 
 yol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in Schweigger's 
 Journ.fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF GLUCINA. Permanent. In- 
 2 GI 2 3 , 3 PO 5 soluble in water. Soluble in di- 
 lute acids, including phosphoric 
 acid. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF GLUCINA & OF SODA. 
 Soluble in water. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte Anz. , 
 
492 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; in Schweigger's 
 Journ.fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 PyroPnOSPHATE OF GOLD & OF SODA. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 20. 326.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF GCANIN. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF HARMAON. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF HYDHARGETHYL. Vid. Phos- 
 phate of MercurEthyl. 
 
 jl/eiaPnospHATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I. ) Trimetaphosphate. Appears to be soluble in 
 water. (Fleitmann, cited by H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 
 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 II.) Hexametaphosphate. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 4.) 
 
 Pj/roPnospiiATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of pyropbosphate of 
 pod a, and sulphate of protoxide of iron. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 18.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) mono or "acid." Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 Fe 0, 2 H 0, cPO 8 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water, or in aqueous so- 
 
 2 Fe 0, H O, cPOg lutions of the ammoniacal salts. 
 
 Does not appear to be soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium or 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 10. 97.) Soluble in ammonia-water and in dilute 
 acids, including phosphoric and acetic acids. 
 When no more than 1000 pts. of water are pres- 
 ent diphosphate of soda precipitates it from solu- 
 tions containing protoxide of iron. (Pfatf.) It is 
 not precipitated from solutions which contain 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 Soluble in about 1000 pts. of a saturated aque- 
 ous solution of carbonic acid. This solubility is 
 increased by adding dilute acetic acid to the car- 
 bonic-acid-water, so that 1 pt. of the phosphate 
 dissolves in about 560 pts. of carbonic-acid-water 
 containing less than ^1^. pt. of commercial acetic 
 acid. 1 pt. of it dissolves in \ 666 pts. of carbonic- 
 acid-water, which contains J^ of its weight of ace- 
 tate of ammonia. (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 36. 78.) 
 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of protoxide of iron. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of the salts of 
 protoxide of iron. On heating the solution thus 
 obtained it deposits a voluminous precipitate 
 which does not dissolve completely on cooling. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 76. 25.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 (Vivianite.) Easily soluble in chlorhydric 
 
 3 Fe 0, cP0 5 + 8 Aq and nitric acids. Decom- 
 
 posed by a hot solution of 
 caustic potash. 
 
 IV.) Compound of Nos Hand HI. Ppt. (Ber- 
 2 Fe 0, H 0, PO S ; 2 (3 Fe 0, P0 fi ) zelius. ) 
 
 JftaPHO8PHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. In- 
 
 Fe 2 O 3 ', 3<zP0 6 soluble in water, or in dilute acids. 
 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 
 acid. (Maddrell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 
 
 61. 59.) 
 
 P/roPHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ea- 
 2 Fe 2 O s ', 3 &P0 5 + 9 Aq sily soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of pyro- 
 
 phosphate of soda, the solution being partially 
 decomposed on boiling. 16 pts. of the gelati- 
 nous precipitate (= 3 pts. of the salt dried at 
 100) are dissolved by 3 pts. of pyrophosphate of 
 soda. Also soluble in a solution of citrate of ammo- 
 
 nia. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 490.) Soluble in acids, 
 in an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, 
 in ammonia-water, and an aqueous solution of car- 
 bonate of ammonia. Insoluble in acetic acid, sul- 
 phurous aeid, or a solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium ; but when precipitated by ammonia from its 
 chlorhydric-acid solution it may be redissolved by 
 adding an excess of ammonia-water. (Schwarzen- 
 berg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 154.) Easily 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate 
 of soda. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 18.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) acid. Insoluble in water. Soluble in am- 
 Fe 2 8 ", 3 H 0, 2 cPO B + 5 Aq monia-water, and very 
 easily in chlorhydric 
 acid. (Winckler.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids. 
 
 (Ordinary precipitated. Sesqui.) Soluble in 1500 
 2 Fe 2 3 "'', 3 H 0, 3 cPO B pts . of boiling wa- 
 
 ter ; easily soluble 
 
 in dilute acids. (Bergmann.) Soluble in about 
 12500 pts. of carbonic-acid-water. (Pierre, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys. (3.) 36. 78.) Easily soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of the salts of sesquioxide of iron. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 25.) Soluble in 
 phosphoric, and citric acids. 
 
 Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid, in which 
 solution a precipitate is produced on the addition 
 of phosphoric acid, but not by sesquiehloride of 
 iron. (Gladstone.) When moist it dissolves in 
 warm sulphurous acid, and in a solution of sul- 
 phite of ammonia, though slowly and difficultly. 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 79.) Insol- 
 uble in acetic acid. (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (2.) 49. 324; Otto, J. pr. Ch., 2. 410, 
 note.) Insoluble in acetic acid, or in aqueous 
 solutions of ammoniacal salts. (Wittstein.) Does 
 not appear to be soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium or nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) Partially 
 soluble in a large excess of a solution of carbonate 
 of soda. (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble in ammonia- 
 water, when in presence of diphosphate of soda ; 
 also soluble in a solution of carbonate of ammo- 
 nia. 
 
 It is not precipitated by ammonia when in pres- 
 ence of citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Decomposed 
 by potash-lye, which abstracts a great part, but 
 not the whole of its phosphoric acid. (H.Rose, 
 Tr.) Diphosphate of soda precipitates sesqui- 
 oxide of iron from solutions of its salts, even 
 when these are diluted with 1500 pts. of water. 
 (Pfaff.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 Fe a O s "', cPO B + 4 Aq in the stronger acids. ( Ram- 
 melsberg.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia, and in 
 a mixture of caustic ammonia and phosphate of 
 ammonia. Partially dissolved, with decompo- 
 sition, in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Decomposed, with formation 
 of No. IV., by a boiling dilute aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Rammelsberg, Poyg. Ann., 1845, 
 64.419.) 
 
 Insohible in water. Readily soluble in chlor- 
 hydric, and nitric acids. Slightly soluble in citric 
 and tartaric acids. Insoluble in phosphoric acid or 
 a hot aqueous solution of diphosphate of soda. 
 Slightly soluble in a solution of tartrate of ammo- 
 nia, but the solution is decomposed when heated. 
 Soluble, in considerable quantity, with combina- 
 tion, in a solution of citrate of soda. (Heyden- 
 reich, Amer. J. Pharm., (3.) 33. 295 ) 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 493 
 
 IV.) basic. Insoluble in acetic acid. Soluble 
 2 (Fe 2 3 ', cP0 6 ) ; Fe, 3 + 16 Aq in an aqueous 
 
 solution of ace- 
 tate of iron. 
 
 Decomposed, with formation of No. IV., by a 
 boiling dilute aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 ( Kanimelsberg, Fogg. Ann., 1845, 64. 419.) 
 
 V.) basic. Easily soluble in dilute chlorhydric 
 Fe 2 3 "', cP0 5 ; Fe 2 3 + 3 Aq & 20 Aq acid. 
 
 VI.) basic. Unacted upon by a boiling dilute 
 Fe 2 3 , cP0 6 ; 14 Fe a 3 aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. (Rammelsberg,Po^(7. 
 Ann., 1845, 64. 419.) Insoluble, or rather very 
 difficultly soluble in water, or in caustic ammonia. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide & of sesquioxide OF 
 
 2 (3 Fe O, cP0 5 ) ; 3 Fe a 3 , 2 cPO s + 24 Aq IRON. Ppt. 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 chlorhydric acid. (Rammelsberg, Fogg. Ann., 
 64.415.) 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF IRON & 'OF MAN- 
 
 (Triplite.) GANESE. Easily Solu- 
 
 3 Fe 0, cP0 5 ; 3 Mn 0, cPO s hie in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 . PHOSPHATE OF IRON, OF MANGANESE, & OF 
 Fe 2 8 "', cP0 5 ; 3 (Na 0, Mn 0), cP0 5 + Aq SODA. 
 
 PyroPnosPHATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF 
 SODA. Known only in solution. (Persoz, Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys., (3.) 20.323.) 
 
 PyroPHOSPHATE of sesquioxide. OF IRON & OF 
 2 Fe 2 <)"', 3 bPO 5 ; 2 (2 Na 0, 6PO S ) + 7 Aq S O D A . 
 
 Very sol- 
 uble in water. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 20. 322.) On the addition of spirit it is precipi- 
 tated from the aqueous solution. (Fleitmann & 
 Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 390.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF LANTHANUM. Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in acids. 
 ,5/etePiiospHATE OF LEAD. 
 I.) Dimetaphosphate. Almost insoluble in wa- 
 
 2 Pb 0, 2 a"P0 5 ter. Soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 78. 253.) 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Somewhat less soluble 
 
 3 PbO, 3 a"'P0 5 + 3 Aq in water than the corre- 
 
 sponding silver salt. (Fleit- 
 mann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 
 65.312.) 
 III.) Tetrametaphosphate. Completely insoluble 
 
 4 Pb 0, 4 a' T P0 5 in water. Much more easily de- 
 
 composed and dissolved by acids 
 than the metallic salts of dimetaphosphoric acid. 
 Decomposed with the greatest facility by solutions 
 of the alkaline sulphides, even in the. cold. (Fleit- 
 mann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 353.) 
 
 IV.) Hexametaphosphate. Ppt. Decomposed 
 by sulphuretted-hydrogen-water. (Graham, Ele 
 ments.) Insoluble in ammonia- water. (Persoz, 
 J.pr. Ch., 1834, 3. 216.) Ppt. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of hexametaphosphate of soda. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 4.) 
 
 -PyroPnospiiATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Easily solu- 
 2PbO,6PO B +Aq ble, with combination, in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophos- 
 phate of sorla. It is not decomposed in the least 
 by a boiling solution of pyrophosphate of soda, 
 but is decomposed at once by boiling with ordi- 
 nary (c) phosphate of soda, c phosphate of lead 
 being precipitated. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte 
 Am., 1st vol. of the year 1830, pp. 110, 111 ; also 
 in Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 
 
 pp. 129, 130.) Soluble in nitric acid, and in aque- 
 ous solutions of caustic potash and of pyrophos- 
 Dhate of soda. Insoluble in ammonia-water, or in 
 xcetic or sulphurous acids. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharrn., 1848, 65. 155.) Soluble, at first, 
 n warm aqueous solutions of the alkaline pyro- 
 phosphates. On boiling the solution in pyrophos- 
 phate of soda, an insoluble precipitate is obtained. 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1848, (3.) 22. 506.) 
 Easily soluble in an aqueous solution of pyrophos- 
 phate of soda. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 18.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water or acetic acid. (Mit- 
 2 PbO, H 0, cP0 5 scherlich, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1821, 
 (2.) 19. 368.) Soluble in nitric 
 acid, and in aqueous solutions of caustic potash 
 and soda. [Gri.] 
 
 When recently precipitated, it is soluble in a 
 cold aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 but the lead may be precipitated from this solu- 
 tion by adding an excess of caustic ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96, 99.) 
 More soluble in an aqueous solution of acetate of 
 ammonia at 18.8 (8) 25 than in pure water. 
 (Weppen, from Arch. d. Pharm., (2.) 9. 236 ; in 
 J.pr. Ch., 1837, 11. 182.) Phosphate of lead is 
 soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of chloride 
 of sodium, though to a smaller extent than sul- 
 phate of lead ; .from the solution thus obtained a 
 double salt of chloride of lead and phosphate of 
 lead crystallizes out. (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 20. 
 pp. 1524, 1523.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the salts of lead. (H. Rose, TV.) Soluble in 
 dilute nitric acid. Insoluble in acetic acid. (Per- 
 soz, Chim. Mole'c., p. 353.) Decomposed by chlor- 
 hydric and sulphuric acids. Not precipitated 
 when in presence of citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 Decomposed by snlphuretted-hydrogen-water. 
 (Graham, Elements.) 
 
 When an equivalent of 2 Pb O, H 0, P O s is 
 boiled with an equivalent of K 0, S O 3 , in aque- 
 ous solution, -^^j^y* of it may be decomposed. 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 335.) 
 
 II.) tri. Insoluble in water, acetic acid, or 
 3 Pb 0, cPO B ammonia-water. Soluble in nitric 
 acid. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 159.) 
 Easily decomposed by sulphuretted hydrogen-wa- 
 ter. (Graham, Elements.) 
 
 When an equivalent of 3 Pb 0, PO g is boiled 
 with an equivalent of Na 0, 3 C 2 , in aqueous 
 solution, X--^I of it may be decomposed. While, 
 on the other hand, Pb O, 3 C 3 boiled with 
 3 Na O, P O 5 may be decomposed to the extent 
 of 6|-7. An equivalent of 3 Pb 0, P O s boiled 
 with an equivalent of teroxalate of potash may he 
 decomposed to the extent of 3 1 5 7 j^ 7 ; while, on the 
 other hand, an equivalent of Pb O, 3 <5x when 
 boiled with 3 K 0, P Oc may be decomposed to 
 the extent of T 5 ^. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 51. pp.351, 354.) 
 
 DiMetaPno&FHATE OF LEAD & OF SODA. 
 Easily decomposed. 
 
 PyroPnOSPHATE OF LEAD & OF SODA. 
 
 a.') Soluble in water. (Stromeyer, loc. inf. cit.) 
 
 b pb o, Na 0, JP0 5 Obtained by boiling a, i. e. 
 the solution of pyrophos- 
 phate of 16ad in pyrophosphate of soda. It is in- 
 soluble in boiling water. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch.u. 
 Phys., 1848, (3.) 22. 506.) 
 
 A/rfaPiiospHATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Dimdaphosphate ? Insoluble in 
 
404 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 CaO, oP0 5 water, and dilute acids. Decomposed 
 by warm concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Muddrell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 61.) 
 Not decomposed by digestion in solutions of the 
 alkaline carbonates. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 
 1849, 78. 352.) 
 
 II.) Dimetaphosphate. Insoluble in water. Not 
 
 2 Ca 0, 2 a"PO a + 4 Aq perceptibly attacked by 
 
 concentrated nitric and 
 
 chlorhydric acids. Decomposed by warm con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 
 1849, 78. 256. J 
 
 III.) Trimetaphosphate. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. (Fleitmann, cited by H. Hose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 IV.) Hexametaphosphate. The hyd rated salt is 
 insoluble in water. (Graham, Phil. Trans., 1833, 
 123. 280.) Completely soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of hexametaphosphate of soda. . Soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 78. 3 ; compare also, ibid., pp. 5, 6.) 
 
 Pyj-oPnospHATE OF LIME. Somewhat soluble 
 
 2 Ca 0, 6P0 5 + Aq & 4 Aq in water. Completely 
 
 soluble in nitric and 
 
 chlorhydric acids ; also soluble in saturated sul- 
 phurous acid. 'Insoluble in acetic acid, or in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda. 
 (Schwarzennerg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 145.) Insoluble in an aqueous sojution of pyro- 
 phosphate of soda, or, rather only very slightly 
 soluble therein when recently precipitated. (Stro- 
 raeyer, Gott. gelehrte Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830, 
 p. Ill ; also, in Schweigger'sJourn.fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 58. 130.) 
 
 The precipitate produced by chloride of calcium 
 itt a solution of pyrophosphate of soda is soluble 
 in a very large excess of the latter, but the clear 
 solution thus obtained becomes cloudy on stand- 
 ing, and after 24 hours contains in solution only 
 a very small quantity of the lime salt. ( H. Rose, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 16.) Insoluble in water, 
 or an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda. 
 When recently precipitated it dissolves in acetic 
 acid, though considerably more difficultly than the 
 ordinary (c) triphosphate ; but after a time it sepa- 
 rates out again in crystals, which dissolve still 
 more difficultly than the original ppt, when more 
 acetic acid" is added. Less soluble in warm than 
 in cold acetic acid. Even after drying, it is solu- 
 ble to no inconsiderable extent in acetic acid. 
 Soluble in nitric and chlorhydric acids. On heat- 
 ing the acid solution the pyrophosphoric acid is 
 gradually, though incompletely, changed to the 
 ordinary c modification. (Baer, Pogg. Ann., 1848, 
 75. pp. 155-159.) Insoluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (Wacken- 
 roder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 316.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF LIMB. 
 
 I.) mono or "acid." Hygroscopic. Soluble in 
 Ca O, 2 H 0, cPO B water. Precipitated, with de- 
 composition, by alcohol. 
 
 Glacial acetic acid precipitates it completely 
 from the aqueous solution, even when this is 
 mixed with nitric acid. (Persoz, Chim. Molec., 
 p. 347 ; compare Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 
 444.) 
 
 The common notion that triphosphate of lime 
 can be decomposed only so far as is necessary 
 for the formation of the mono-salt, is 'erroneous, 
 the degree of decomposition being only dependent 
 upon the concentration and quantity of the acid. 
 If a somewhat concentrated solution of monophos- 
 phate of lime be mixed with concentrated sul- 
 
 | phuric acid, an abundant precipitate of sulphate 
 of lime will be produced and an almost complete 
 decomposition of the salt ensue, so that if enough 
 sulphuric acid has been added the lime will be 
 almost entirely removed from the solution, and 
 the filtrate, after having been neutralized with 
 ammonia, will no longer afford a precipitate on 
 the addition of oxalate of ammonia, although a 
 trace of lime is still contained in it. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 409.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble, or extremely sparingly sol- 
 2 Ca 0, H 0, P O s + 4 Aq u b le m water. 
 
 " The solubility of bi- 
 
 basic phosphate of lime is T ^^^ T ^.." (Mala- 
 guti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 346.) Not com- 
 pletely insoluble, but only difficultly soluble, in 
 water, and acetic acid. Easily soluble in nitric 
 and chlorhydric acids. (Baer, Pogg. Ann., 1848, 
 75. pp. 153, 154, 156 note.) When boiled with 
 water it is decomposed to the soluble acid-salt 
 (No. I.) and the insoluble tri-salt (No. V.). 
 (Bcedcker.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. Very readily soluble in 
 acids, even in carbonic-acid-water ; but is espe- 
 cially soluble in strong acids, and those which 
 form soluble salts with lime. 
 
 Difficultly soluble in acetic acid ; easily soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. It is soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of various salts, especially chloride of am- 
 monium, and of many organic matters : this is 
 of interest, since it is probable that this salt is left 
 in the soil by the decay of vegetables. (Otto.) 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of diphosphate 
 of soda; but traces of it are dissolved by a solu- 
 tion of chloride of calcium. (H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 76. 24.) 
 
 When one equivalent of 2 Ca O, H 0, POs is 
 boiled with an equivalent of K 0,2 CO 2 , in aqueous 
 solution, A4 8 of it may be decomposed ; when 
 boiled with an equivalent of Na 0, 2 C O 2 ^l 5 
 it may be decomposed. While, on the other hand, 
 when an equivalent of Ca 0, 2 C O 2 is boiled with 
 one of 2 K O, II 0, P 5 -^ of it may be decom- 
 posed, or with an equivalent of 2 Na O, II O, 
 P Qs -j 8 ^ of it may be decomposed. (Malaguti, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3 ) 51. pp. 348 - 354.) 
 
 III.) Compound of Nos. I. $ II. Decomposed 
 
 2 (Ca 0, 2 H 0, PO 5 ); 2 Ca 0, H 0, P0 5 by water, which 
 
 dissolves out 
 
 the mono-salt (No. I.). Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 408.) 
 IV.) 3 Ca 0,3 HO, 2 cP0 6 + Aq Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Raew- 
 sky.) 
 
 V.) tri. Insoluble in water. 
 
 3 Ca O, ePO s & + 2 Aq When recently precipitated, 
 (Exists in bones.) it is soluble to a very slight 
 
 extent in pure water, so that 
 the liquid becomes cloudy on the addition of 
 nitrate of lead. (R.Phillips.) It dissolves more 
 readily in water containing starch or glue. ( Vau- 
 quelin.) Soluble in no inconsiderable quantity in 
 liquids which contain various, organic, non-acid 
 substances in solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 407.) 
 Bone-dust is dissolved, to a certain extent, when 
 in contact with water, even that which contains 
 no carbonic acid. This is probably, for the most 
 part, owing to the solvent power of the products 
 of putrefaction of the gelatine of the bone. 
 (Woehler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1856, 98. 143.) 
 Somewhat soluble in aqueous solutions of many 
 organic substances. (Ot. Gr.) Slightly soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the ammoniacal salts. 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 495 
 
 When recently precipitated, it is dissolved in 
 small quantity by a cold solution of chloride of 
 ammonium (Wcehler) ; also by solutions of suc- 
 cinate or nitrate of ammonia. (Wittstein.) As 
 good as insoluble in water, but somewhat soluble 
 in liquors containing ammoniacal salts; in a 
 single experiment where a weighed portion of it 
 was dissolved in chlorhydric acid and rcprecipitated 
 by ammonia-water, nearly 5% of it remained dis- 
 solved in the fluid. (Rammelsberg, Pogg. Ann., 
 1845, 64. 421.) Even the anhydrous salt is dis- 
 solved by long-continued boiling with chloride of 
 ammonium, or nitrate or succinate of ammonia. 
 (Huenefeld; Wittstein.) Readily soluble, when 
 recently precipitated, in cold aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium, and nitrate of ammonia; 
 from the solution in chloride of ammonium it may 
 be nearly, if not entirely precipitated by adding 
 an excess of caustic ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 95, 99, 334.) Completely solu- 
 ble in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium, with evolution of ammonia. (Fuchs ; 
 Demarcay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 251.) Solu- 
 ble, when recently precipitated, in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (Wacken- 
 roder, Ann. Ch. it. Pharm., 41. 315.) When 
 boiled for several hours with a solution of sulphate 
 of ammonia, it is decomposed, soluble mono- 
 phosphate being dissolved while sulphate of lime 
 separates, (I)elkeskamp ; Morveau.) Partially 
 decomposed when boiled with aqueous solutions 
 of carbonate of potash or of'soda. (Dulong, Ann. 
 de ('him., 82. 278.) Sparingly soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of common salt. (Thomson.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of normal citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) Soluble to a certain extent, 
 at the ordinary temperature, in a moderately con- 
 centrated aqueous solution of sucrate of lime. 
 Although the phosphate dissolves to a notable 
 extent in the sucrate, even after having been ig- 
 nited, it is, nevertheless, more readily soluble when 
 recently precipitated and in the gelatinous state. 
 (Bobierre, C. R., 1851, 32. 859.) Insoluble in 
 pure water, but is easily soluble in water which 
 contains chloride of sodium or an ammonia salt. 
 In water which contains sulphate of ammonia it is 
 as easily soluble as gypsum. Easily soluble also 
 in carbonic-acid-water ; 1 litre of water saturated 
 with carbonic acid dissolves 0.6626 grm. of bone- 
 earth, of which 0.5 grm. separates out at the tem- 
 perature of boiling, while 0.1626 grm. remains 
 dissolved after the solution has become cold. 
 (Liebig, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 61. 128.) 
 
 Water saturated with carbonic acid at 10 
 and the ordinary atmospheric pressure dissolves 
 ^^6^. of its weight (i. e. T ^^- of bone phos- 
 phate, of lime. This solution' is decomposed on 
 heating, also when the carbonic acid is neutralized 
 with potash or soda. The phosphate is also dis- 
 solved, though in lesser quantity, by carbonic acid 
 water which is charged with carbonate of lime. 
 (Lassaigne, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 348.) Par- 
 tially decomposed when boiled with aqueous solu- 
 tions of the chlorides of cobalt, nickel, zinc, man- 
 ganese, or copper, with formation of insoluble 
 phosphates of these metals. (Dema^ay, Ann. 
 der Pharm., 1834, 11. 250.) 
 
 When an equivalent of 3 Ca O, P O is boiled 
 with an equivalent of Na O, 3 C O 2 , in aqueous 
 solution, ~ 5 ^ of it may be decomposed. While, 
 on the other hand, when Ca O, 3 C Oj is boiled 
 with 3 Na O, P Or, -^S 1 of it ITiav 1)e decom- 
 posed. (Malaguti. Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 51. 351.) 
 
 It is soluble in acids, but the readiness with 
 which this solution is accomplished varies greatly 
 according to the state of aggregation of the phos- 
 phate ; this last is of special moment as regards 
 weak acids : thus, the mineral apatite is dissolved 
 only with extreme difficulty in carbonic-acid-water, 
 in which bone-earth dissolves more readily, and 
 the freshly precipitated salt very much more easily. 
 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, nitric, and phosphoric acids. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in strong acetic acid. (Wenzel.) 
 When recently precipitated, terbasic phosphate of 
 lime is very easily soluble in acetic acid, being 
 very much more soluble therein than the diphos- 
 phate, but after having become dry it is only very 
 difficultly soluble in acetic acid. (Baer, Pcgg. 
 Arm., 1848, 75. .pp. 156 note, 153.) From the 
 nitric-acid solution, glacial acetic acid precipitates 
 the monophosphate (No. I.). (Person, Chim. 
 Molec., p. 347.) Soluble in lactic acid, even when 
 this is dilute. (Cap & Henry.) The solvent 
 power which lactic acid exerts over basic phos- 
 phate of lime, far exceeds that of acetic acid, and 
 is indeed very considerable, a fact long ago 
 asserted by Berzelius (in his Lehrbuch), and 
 directly proved by the experiments of Gay-Lussac 
 (Poyg. Ann., 31. 399), although its accuracy has 
 been called in question by Liebig. (Lehmann, in 
 his Phys. Chem., London," 1851, 1. 104.) On the 
 other hand, Baer (Pogg. Ann., 75. 156 note), re- 
 marks that Liebig's statement (in Geiyer's Hand- 
 buck der Pharm., 1. 815) " that the property of 
 dissolving recently precipitated phosphate of lime, 
 in large quantity is possessed only by lactic, and 
 not by acetic acid," should be corrected. Soluble 
 in many of the vegetable acids, as tartaric, malic, 
 lactic, &c. (Crum.) 
 
 More readily soluble in concentrated than in 
 dilute nitric acid. Very much more soluble in 
 concentrated nitric acid than phosphate of baryta. 
 
 In the experiments tabulated below an excess 
 of precipitated phosphate was digested during 
 24 hours with acid of the indicated strength. 
 
 1 pt. of phos- 
 phate of lime 
 dissolves, at 
 16.25 t 17.5, 
 in 
 
 of a mixture of 1 pt. 
 
 of nitric acid of 1.23 
 
 gp. gr. at 17.5 and 
 
 pts. of water. 
 
 100 pts. of nitric 
 acid, of 1 23 sp. 
 gr., mixed with 
 the amts. of wa- 
 ter iu col. 2, dis- 
 solve pts. of 
 phosphate of 
 lime. 
 
 2.72 pts. 
 
 4.23 
 10.25 
 15.45 
 20.34 
 20.82 
 30.64 
 26.48 
 32.14 
 36.06 
 127.81 
 
 . 
 
 0.827 
 3.309 
 5.791 
 8.273 
 
 10. 
 
 10.754 
 
 13. 
 
 13236 
 
 15.718 
 
 40. 
 
 36.785 
 43.226 
 42050 
 43.954 
 45.589 
 52.831 
 56939 
 52.857 
 44.299 
 46.368 
 32.078 
 
 As is indicated in the 3d column of the table, a 
 somewhat diluted acid dissolves a larger amount 
 of phosphate in proportion to the real acid con- 
 tained in it than is the case with a more concen- 
 trated acid. (G. Bischof, Schweigger's Journ.fur 
 Ch. u. Phys., 1833, 67. pp. 50 - 54.) 
 
 The solvent power of chlorhydric acid for phos- 
 phate of lime is increased, up to a certain point, as 
 this is diluted with water in a more decided man- 
 ner than is the case with nitric acid, as may be 
 seen by the following table : 
 
406 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 1 pt. of phos- 
 phate of lime 
 
 in 
 
 e 
 
 f ! - 15 ' S P- 
 
 15 - 63 an ? p 
 
 water. 
 
 acid 
 
 r " at 
 
 s - of 
 
 3.95 pts. . 
 
 . . ... 
 
 4.44 
 
 1 
 
 802 
 
 4 
 
 12.35 
 
 7 
 
 15.97 
 
 10 
 
 19.47 
 
 13 
 
 24.44 
 
 16 
 
 28.68 . 
 
 . 19 . 
 
 100 pts. of chlo 
 hydric acid 
 1.155sp. gr.,mh 
 ed with amts. 
 water given i 
 col. 2 dissolve pt 
 of phosphate i 
 lime. 
 
 25.320 
 45.010 
 62.311 
 64.753 
 68.899 
 71.907 
 69.545 
 69.719 
 
 (Bischof, loc. cit., pp. 55-56.) Inciting thes 
 experiments, Gmelin (Handbook, 3. 194) remark 
 that theoretically "72.8 pts. (2'At.) of anhydrou: 
 H Cl should decompose and dissolve 155.4 pts 
 (1 At. ) of the lime salt : 
 
 "3 Ca 0, P O c + 2 H Cl = Ca O/P O 6 + 
 2 (Ca O, H Cl) ; 100 pts. of aqueous chlorhydri 
 acid ofsp. gr. 1.153 contain 30.9 pts. of anhydrou 
 add; 72.8: 155.4= 30.9:66; 100 pts. of th 
 aqueous acid of sp. gr. 1.153 should, therefore 
 when diluted to any extent, dissolve 66 pts. of th 
 lime salt. With this the 3d column accords upor 
 the whole ; but why the acid when moderately 
 diluted should dissolve more, and when no 
 diluted so much less than 66 pts., remains to b( 
 explained. Similar results are obtained with 
 nitric acid: 108 pts. (2 Ats.) of anhydrous N 6 
 should decompose 155.4 pts. of the salt; 100 pts 
 of acid of sp. gr. 1.23 contain 31 pts. of the real 
 acid ; and 108 : 155.4 = 31 :44.5." 
 
 Decomposed, with partial solution (see under 
 No. I.), by sulphuric acid. Completely decom- 
 posed to sulphate of lime and free phosphoric acid 
 when treated with a mixture of sulphuric acid 
 and alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 409.) 
 
 VI.) Compound of Nos. II.fr IV.) Ppt. Soluble 
 2 Ca 0, H 0, P 5 ; 2 (3 Ca 0, P0 6 ) in nitric and chlor- 
 hydric acids either 
 
 concentrated or dilute, though most readily in 
 acid which has been diluted to a certain extent, 
 and in general resembles, in solubility, the tri- 
 salt (No. V.). (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 406.) 
 
 VII. ) Salt of Fleitmann $ Hennebery's 1 st acid. 
 
 " 6 Ca 0, 4 PO S + x Aq." Insoluble precipitate. On 
 
 heating the salt more 
 
 strongly than is necessary to expel its water it be- 
 comes insoluble in acids. (F. & H., Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 331, 332, 329.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF LIME & OF POTASH. Soluble 
 2 K 0, CaO, cP0 5 in water. (Saussure; Berthol- 
 let.) 
 
 TmWetaPHOSPHATE OF LIME & OF SODA. 
 
 2 Ca O, Na 0, 3 o'"P0 5 + x Aq Soluble in water. 
 
 (Fleitmann & Hen- 
 
 neberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848,65. pp.315, 
 309.) 
 
 7?//roPHOSPHATE OF LlMB & OF SODA. In- 
 
 Ca 0, Na O, 6PO S + 4 Aq soluble in water, or an 
 aqueous solution of pyro- 
 
 phosphate of soda; but is not insoluble in acetic 
 acid. Easily soluble in nitric and chlorhydric 
 acids. (Baer, Pogg. Ann., 1848,75. 160.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF LIME & of sesquioxide OF URA- 
 Ca 0, 2 Ur 2 3> cP0 6 + 8 Aq Ni 0M. Soluble in ni- 
 tric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 Li 0, 2 II 0, cPO s water. (Gmelin ; Rammelsberg.) 
 
 II.) di. Nearly insoluble in water. (C. Gme- 
 2 Li 0, H 0, ePO s lin.) Soluble in 833 pts. of wa- 
 
 ter at 12. (Rammelsberg.) 
 III.) 5 Li 0, HO, 2 cP0 5 + 2 Aq Soluble in 200 
 pts. of water. 
 (Kammelsberg.) 
 
 IV.) tri. Soluble in 2539 pts. of pure water at 
 ?~ Li . .> c s the ordinary tempera- 
 
 has been well proved.) of water containing 
 
 caustic ammo nla. 
 
 Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of ammonia- 
 cal salts. (W.Mayer, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 201.) 
 Very soluble in carbonic-acid-water, and in acids 
 even when these are very dilute. (Troost.) 
 
 This salt is liable to retain portions of phosphate 
 or carbonate of potash, soda, and ammonia, with 
 considerable tenacity, though by thorough wash- 
 ing the foreign salt may be entirely removed. 
 This fact led Berzelius and Rammelsberg to 
 describe as double salts several such mixtures, for 
 example, Na O, Li O, P (Berzelius) ; 3 Na 0. 
 3 Li O, P O s ; and 3 Li O, P O s ;. 2 Li O, H O, 
 P OB + 2 Aq (Rammelsberg), which should 
 henceforth not be admitted as salts. (W. Mayer, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 193.) [It may not be 
 uninteresting, however, to cite what is known of 
 the solubility of these mixtures, thus : the] 
 Phosphate of Lithia and of Soda (of Berzelius) 
 "Na O, Li O, P O B " (which Rammelsberg, like 
 Mayer, long ago found to be of very variable 
 composition), is scarcely at all soluble in cold, 
 but more soluble in hot water. It is nearly insol- 
 uble in water containing diphosphate of soda. 
 [Berzelius.) 
 
 Soluble in 1396 pts. of water at 15. 
 
 1 233 " 60. 
 
 951 " 100. 
 
 (Brandes.) 
 
 And the compound 3 (Na Li 0) cP0 5 is very 
 difficultly soluble in water. Soluble in 1396 pts. 
 of water at 15; but more soluble in hot water. 
 Brandes.) Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 3/etoPnospHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) Dimetaphospliate. 
 
 a.) anhydrous. Almost insoluble in water, and 
 
 Mg 0, 2 o"PO s dilute acids. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Mad- 
 rell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. pp. 62, 54.) 
 t is not decomposed in the least when digested 
 or days in aqueous solutions of the alkaline car- 
 Donates or c phosphates. (Fleitmann, Poqq. Ann., 
 849, 78. pp. 352, 260.) - 
 
 Wach (Schweigger'sJourn.fur Ch. u. Phys., 1830, 
 9. 304) also appears to have encountered this 
 alt. He describes it as being rather difficultly 
 oluble in cold water, and rather difficultly soluble 
 n acids, even when these are boiling ; dissolving 
 est in a considerable excess of hot sulphuric 
 cid. But an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid 
 oes not dissolve it, not even when the mixture 
 s boiled to dryness and then ignited. 
 
 Gregory (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 54. 97) has de- 
 
 cribed as phosphate of magnesia a compound 
 
 which has since been shown by Maddrell to con- 
 
 ' .in soda. See METAPHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA 
 
 OF SODA. 
 
 b.) crystallized. Insoluble in water. Somewhat 
 
 Mg 0, 2 a"PO B + 9 Aq more easily decomposed by 
 
 acids than the zinc and 
 
 anganesian salts. (Fleitmann, loc. cit., p. 259.) 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Appears to he soluble 
 in water. (Fleitinann, cited by H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 III.) Hexametaphosphate. Appears to be solu- 
 ble in water. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849,76. 
 pp. 3, 56; compare Wach, Schweigger's J own. fur 
 Ck. u. Phys., 1830, 59. pp. 302, 304.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF MAGNESIA. Permanent. 
 2 Mg 0, bPO s + 3 Aq Somewhat soluble in water. 
 Completely soluble in nitric, 
 and chlorhydric acid, in sulphurous acid, and in 
 an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda. 
 ( Sehwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 146.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of pyrophos- 
 phate of soda, and sulphate of magnesia and in an 
 excess of carbonate of ammonia. ( Wach, Schweig- 
 ger's Journ. fiir Ch. u. Phys., 1830, 59. 300.) 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of pyro- 
 phosphate of soda, and sulphate of magnesia, but 
 on boiling these solutions precipitates are formed 
 which do not disappear on cooling. (H. Rose, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 17.) The anhydrous salt 
 is scarcely at all soluble in water. (Fresenius, 
 Quant., p. 130.) The anhydrous salt obtained by 
 igniting mono c phosphate of magnesia is insolu- 
 ble in acids. (Graham, cited by Gregory, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1845, 54. 98 note.) But when 
 prepared by igniting phosphate of ammonia and 
 of magnesia (2 Mg O, N H 4 O, P OJ it is readily 
 soluble in chlorhydric and nitric acids. (Frese- 
 nius, Quant.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. Tolerably soluble 
 
 Mg 0, 2 H 0, cP0 8 in spirit. (Gregory, Ann. Ch. 
 
 u. Pharm., 1845, 54. 94.) 
 
 II.) di. 
 
 a = (gelatinous ppt. Decomposed by boiling wa- 
 
 2 MgO, H 0, cP0 5 +6 Aq ter to an insoluble basic, 
 
 and a soluble acid salt. 
 
 (Riffault ; Rammelsberg, Pogg. Ann., 1845, 64. 
 259.) 
 
 b = crystals. Efflorescent. Soluble in 322 pts. 
 
 2 Mg 0, H 0, cP0 5 + 14 Aq of water at 7.2, but on 
 
 heating the solution to 
 
 48. 8 or less, it becomes turbid, and at 100 a cloudy 
 precipitate subsides, the solution containing only 1 
 pt.of the crystallized phosphate in 498 pts. of water 
 at 100. This precipitation also occurs when the 
 solution contains an excess of phosphate of soda 
 or sulphate of magnesia. Much more soluble in 
 acids than in water, dissolving with facility even in 
 very dilute acetic, oxalic, phosphoric, chlorhydric, 
 nitric or sulphuric acid. The addition o"f the 
 smallest quantity of any of these acids to the 
 aqueous solution prevents the appearance of the 
 usual precipitate when the solution is heated. 
 When an aqueous solution, from which a precipi- 
 tate has been deposited at 100, is heated to a 
 higher temperature in a close vessel, a new pre- 
 cipitate will form. When a solution which has 
 been heated to 100 is allowed to cool upon the 
 precipitate which has been produced, a portion of 
 tlie latter will redissolve. Thus, while 2.3 grains 
 of precipitated phosphate were obtained by filter- 
 ing at 100, only 2 grains were obtained from an 
 equal quantity of the same solution which had 
 been allowed to become cold, with occasional agi- 
 tation, before filtration. In appearance the pre- 
 cipitate had suffered a very great reduction. 
 (Graham, Phil. Mag., 1827, (2.) 2. 20 et scq.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 1.1 pts. of it, and 
 at 15.5 6.6 pts. (lire's Diet.) Soluble in 15 pts. 
 63 
 
 of cold water, and in much less hot water. (Du- 
 mas, Tr., 6. 288; also Schubarth, Ttch.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of magnesia salts, but 
 insoluble in a solution of phosphate of soda. On 
 boiling the clear solution, obtained by means of 
 sulphate of magnesia, a copious precipitate is pro- 
 duced, which at first disappears again completely 
 on cooling, and is again produced on the applica- 
 tion of heat ; but after the experiment has been 
 repeated a number of times, the piccipitate formed 
 by heat does not disappear again completely on 
 cooling. (H.Rose, Pogg. Ann , 1849, 76. 24.) It 
 is not precipitated from solutions containing 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) When recently pre- 
 cipitated, it is soluble in a hot aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium, and an excess of caustic 
 ammonia does not reprecipitate it completely from 
 this solution ; less readily soluble in a solution of 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 10. pp. 96, 99.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water, or in aqueous 
 3 Mg 0, cP0 5 + 5 Aq solutions of the alkaline salts. 
 Readily soluble in dilute 
 acids, excepting acetic acid, in which it is but dif- 
 ficultly soluble. (Ber/.eliu.s's Lehrb.) Easily sol- 
 uble in acids, even after having been melted. 
 (Gregory, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1845,54. 98 note.) 
 
 IV.) Salt of Fleitmaim $ Henneberg's 1st acid. 
 
 " 6 Mg 0. 4 P 6 + x Aq " Insoluble precipitate. On 
 
 heating the salt more 
 
 strongly than is necessary to expel its water it 
 becomes insoluble in acids. (F. & H , Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 331, 332, 329.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA & OF NICKEL. In- 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 Jl/rfaPHOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Mono ? or Di ? metaphosphate. Almost insol- 
 3 (Mg 0, aP0 3 ) ; Na 0, oP0 8 uble in water, chlor- 
 hydric acid, and aqua- 
 
 regia. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 and this solution may be diluted with water. 
 (Maddrell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 54.) 
 Completely insoluble in cold water, and cold 
 phosphoric acid. Almost completely insoluble in 
 chlorhydric acid or aqua-regia, even when these 
 are hot. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of car- 
 bonate of ammonia. (Gregory, Ann. Ch. it. 
 Pharm., 1845, 54. pp. 97, 95.) 
 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Soluble in water. (Fleit- 
 inann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 
 65. pp. 315, 309.) 
 
 /fyroPlIOSPHATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SODA. 
 
 a.) Soluble in water, but the solution soon de- 
 composes when left to itself. (Pcrsoz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 20. 322.) 
 
 b = basic ? Ppt. Slightly soluble in water, 
 and ammonia-water. Insoluble in alcohol. Ea- 
 sily soluble in an aqueous solution of pyrophos- 
 phate of soda, and in chlorhydric and nitric acids. 
 (Baer, Pogg. Ann., 1848, 75. pp. 168, 164.) 
 
 JlfefaPnospHATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I. ) Dimetaphosphate. 
 
 a.) anhydrous. Insoluble in water, and dilute 
 2MnO, 2a"P0 5 acids. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Maddrell, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 58.) Like the copper 
 salt, it is insoluble in almost all reagents. Much 
 less easily decomposed by alkaline solutions than 
 the copper salt. Scarcely attacked by a warm 
 solution of sulphide of sodium, and not much more 
 easily by sulphide of ammonium. A solution of 
 
498 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 carbonate of soda decomposes it more readily. 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 78. 349.) 
 
 6 = hydrated. Resembles the copper salt, q. v. 
 2 Mn 0, 2 a"PO B & + 8 Aq ( Fleitmann, he. cit., 
 p. 257.) 
 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. (Fleitmann, cited by H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 III.) Hexametaphosphate. Ppt. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of hexametaphosphate of soda. 
 (H Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 4.) 
 
 PyroPiiospiiATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 
 2 Mn 0, 6P0 + 3 Aq sulphurous acid, in an aque- 
 ous solution of pyrophosphate 
 of soda, and in the strong mineral acids. ( Schwar- 
 zenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 65. 150.) Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, 
 with combination. (Stromeyer, Giitt. gelehrte 
 Am., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in 
 ISchweigger's Jov.rn.fiir Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of 
 soda, but insoluble in a solution of sulphate of 
 manganese. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 18.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) mono or " acid." Readily soluble in water. 
 Mn 0, 2 H 0, cP0 5 +- 2 Aq Decomposed by alcohol, 
 which abstracts phos- 
 phoric acid. (Heintz.) 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. When boiled with water 
 
 2 MnO, II 0, cP0 6 -r-6 Aq it is decomposed to a 
 
 soluble acid and an insol- 
 uble basic salt. (Bcedeker.) Difficultly soluble 
 in water, or acetic acid. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 Readily soluble in strong mineral acids. (Heintz.) 
 Slightly soluble in an aqueous solution of carbo- 
 nate of ammonia, from which it is repredpitated 
 on boiling. Decomposed, with oxidation, by a 
 boiling solution of caustic potash. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb. ) 
 
 III.) tri. Sparingly soluble in water. Insolu- 
 
 3 Mn 0, cP0 5 + 7 Aq ble in alcohol. Soluble in an 
 
 aqueous solution of carbonate 
 of ammonia, from which it is deposited when the 
 solution is boiled. Soluble in a cold aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium ; also partially 
 soluble in a cold solution of nitrate of ammonia, 
 but a portion of it is reprecipitated in either case 
 on foiling, (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 
 pp. 98, 335.) Also soluble in solutions of sul- 
 phate and succinate of ammonia. 
 
 Soluble in acetic and phosphoric acids, and 
 with greater facility in the strong mineral acids. 
 ( Heintz.) Slightly soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the salts of protoxide of manganese, the solution 
 depositing a precipitate on boiling which disappears 
 atruin as the solution cools. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 
 1849, 76. 25.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF MANGANESE. 
 Mnj 0,, 2 H 0, 3 cP0 5 Insoluble in acids, excepting 
 chlorhydric acid. Decom- 
 posed by warm potash-lye. (Hermann.) 
 
 7r/J/etaPHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE & OF 
 SODA. Soluble in water. (Fleitmann & Henne- 
 berg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, -65. pp. 315, 309.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE 
 & OF SODA. Soluble in water. (Stromeyer, 
 GStt. gelehrte Am., 1st. vol. of the year 1830, 
 p. Ill ; also in Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch.u. Phus. 
 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MELAMIN. Very soluble in 
 boiling water. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MELANIL. Very easily solu- 
 ble in water. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 293.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MENAPHTHALAMIN. Very 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MERCURETHYL. Readily sol- 
 
 (Pkosphate of Hydrarg Ethyl.) uble ill water. (Dueil- 
 haupt.) 
 
 J/etaPiiospHATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Trimetaphosphate. Ppt. Does not appear 
 to be very insoluble. (Fleitmann, cited by H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 76. 9.) 
 
 II.) Hexametaphosphate. Ppt. Soluble in an 
 excess of an aqueous solution of hexametaphos- 
 phate of soda. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 4.) 
 
 A/e/aPnospHATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Trimetaphosphate. Ppt. Does not appear 
 to be very insoluble. (Fleitmann, cited by H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 II.) Hexametaphosphate. Ppt. (H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 76. 4.) Insoluble in water. (Fleitmann, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 359.) 
 
 Pt/roPnospHATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 2 Hg 2 0, fcP0 5 + Aq Ppt. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of pyrophosphate of 
 soda, with combination. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte 
 Am., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also, in 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130; 
 H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 76. 17.) When recently 
 precipitated it is soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 pyrophosphate of soda, the solution undergoing 
 decomposition when boiled ; but is insoluble 
 therein after having been dried at 100 3 . Soluble in 
 nitric acid. Decomposed by chlorhydric acid. 
 (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 65. 159.) 
 
 PyroPnosFHATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 2HgO, 6P0 5 Insoluble in water or alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in phosphoric, chlorhydric, and 
 nitric acids. 
 
 Soluble in 6 pts. of an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium (Trommsdorff) ; also 
 soluble in solutions of the nitrate, sulphate, and 
 carbonate of ammonia (Wittstein) ; and of iodide 
 of potassium. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 26. 221.) It is precipitated in presence of 500 
 pts. of water. (Pfaff.) Insoluble in water acidu- 
 lated with nitric acid. When treated with an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda it is 
 rendered basic. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. 17.) Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 pyrophosphate of soda. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte 
 Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also, in 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. M. Phys., 58. 130; 
 Schwarzenberg, loc. inf. cit.) Soluble in acids. 
 Decomposed by caustic potash, and by a boiling 
 aqueous solution of ordinary phosphate of soda. 
 (Schwarzenberg,^nn.CA.M.P/iarw.,1848,65.160.) 
 
 N PHOSPHATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water, in phosphoric or tar- 
 2 Hg 2 0, H 0, cPO B taric acids, or in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the salts of dinoxide of 
 mercury. When recently precipitated, it dissolves 
 in an a'queous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 though less completely than the phosphate of the 
 protoxide. Nitrate of ammonia dissolves it less 
 readily than chloride of ammonium. (Brett, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) Decomposed by 
 cold aqueous solutions of caustic potash and am- 
 monia and of carbonate of ammonia. Soluble in 
 nitric, acid. 
 
PHOSPHATES 
 
 499 
 
 II.) tri. Ppt. 
 3 Ug 2 o, cP0 5 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insolu- 
 
 3 Hg 0, cP0 5 ble in water, or alcohol. Soluble in 
 
 phosphoric, nitric, and chlorhydric 
 
 acids, and in many ammonia salts. 
 
 When recently precipitated, it dissolves in cold 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium or 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 10. 97.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY & 
 OF SODA. Soluble in water. (Stromeyer, (Hoti. 
 gelehrte Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; 
 also in Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) acid. Deliquescent. Soluble in water, and 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic ammonia. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water. Soluble in an 
 2 Mo 0, H O, P0 5 aqueous solution of protochlo- 
 ride of molybdenum. 
 
 PHOSPHATE ofbinojride OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water, and in ammonia- 
 water. (Bucholz.) 
 
 II.) mono. Sparingly soluble in an aqueous 
 Mo 2 , H 0, P O n solution of diphosphate of am- 
 monia. 
 
 " PHOSPHATE OF MOLYBDENUM," i. e. the 
 yellow precipitate produced by molybdate of ammonia 
 in the solution of a phosphate. See Molybdic Acid 
 with Phosphate of Ammonia. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. 
 
 I.) "basic." Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) "add." Readily soluble in water, and al- 
 cohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 .3/etoPnospHATE OF NAPHTYLAMiN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 cPnospHATE OF NAPHTYLAMIN. Readily sol- 
 uble in water, and in boiling alcohol. 
 
 OF NICKEL. 
 I.) Dimetaphosphate? Insoluble in water, and 
 2 Ni 0, 2 a"P0 5 dilute acids. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric arid. (Maddrell, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 58.) Is not de- 
 composed in the least by boiling aqueous solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates or sulphides. 
 (Fleitmann, Poyg. Ann.. 1849, 78. 352.) 
 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. (Fleitmann, cited by H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 III.) Hexametaphosphate. Ppt. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of hexametaphosphate of soda. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 4.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE OF NICKEL. Ppt. Soluble 
 2 Ni 0, 6PO C + 6 Aq in an aqueous solution of py- 
 rophosphate of soda, with 
 combination. (Stromeyer, Gb'tt. gelehrte Anz., 1st 
 vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in Schweigger's 
 Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) Easily soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, 
 and the solution remains clear on being heated, 
 unless the precipitate has been formed from chlo- 
 ride of nickel, in which case the above-mentioned 
 solution becomes cloudy when heated. (H. Rose, 
 
 Poyg. Ann., 1849, 76. 19.) Soluble in ammonia- 
 water, sulphurous acid, in an aqueous solution of 
 pyrophosphate of soda, and in the mineral acids. 
 Alcohol does not precipitate it from the ammo- 
 niacal solution. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 65. 158.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in dilute phosphoric acid. 
 
 II.) tri. Insoluble in water. Soluble in snl- 
 3 Ni 0, cPO g + 7 Aq phuric, nitric, chlorhydric, and 
 phosphoric acids. (Tupputi, 
 Ann. de Chim., 1811, 78. 158.) 
 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the salts of 
 nickel ; on heating the solution thus obtained a 
 precipitate is formed which disappears again on 
 cooling. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 25.) 
 When boiled with an aqueous solution of diphos- 
 phate of ammonia only a faint trace of it dissolves ; 
 the phosphates of potash and soda, under similar 
 circumstances, have no action upon it. (Tupputi, 
 loc. cit., p. 170.) 
 
 Decomposed by an aqueous solution of any 
 salt of a sesquioxide, with formation of an insolu- 
 ble phosphate of the sesquioxide. (Guignet, C.R., 
 49.455.) 
 
 3 (N 
 
 OF NICKEL & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Dimetaphosphate? Insoluble in water, and 
 6 (Ni 0, aPO 5 ); Na 0, aP0 5 dilute acids. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Maddrell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 
 56.) 
 
 PyroPlIOSPHATE OF NlCKEL & OF SODA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. (Stromeyer, Go'tt. gelehrte Anz., 1st 
 vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in Schweigger's 
 Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130,) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF NICOTIN. Soluble in water. 
 PHOSPHATE OF terNiTRoMESiDiN. Insoluble 
 "to (N 4 ) H O x cpo in water. Sol- 
 "2 uble in dilute 
 
 phosphoric 
 acid. Water does not decompose it. (Maule, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 2. 120.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF OSMIUM. 
 
 I.) di. Difficultly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 2 Os 0, H 0, P0 5 
 
 II.) ? Soluble in nitric acid. 
 PHOSPHATE OF PALLADIUM. Ppt. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF PHENYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 3 Cjj H 5 0, cPO 5 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 ;ion of caustic potash, unless this is boiling. 
 ;Scrugham, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 240.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF PHOSPHORIC OXIDE. When 
 Phosphoric Phosphate.) recently precipitated it is 
 4P 2 0, 3 P 5 completely soluble in wa- 
 
 ter; but after standing for 
 a few hours at the ordinary temperature, or im- 
 mediately at a temperature of 80, the solution de- 
 )osits phosphoric oxide. It is also soluble in al- 
 cohol when recently prepared ; but is insoluble in 
 ether. (Leverrier.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF Pi COLIN. By boiling with 
 water it is converted into an acid salt. (Unver- 
 dorben.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF PLATINUM & AMMONIA 
 
 4 N H 3 , Pt 2 Cl, H 0, P O s (Raewsky's). Nearly in- 
 
 soluble in cold, slightly 
 olublein hot water. (Raewsky.) 
 
500 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) Monomctaphofsphate. Almost completely in- 
 K O, a'P0 5 soluble in water. Soluble, however, 
 in dilute and concentrated acids, even 
 in acetic acid. (Maddrull, Ann. C/t. u. Pharm., 
 1847, 61. 62.) Almost absolutely insoluble in 
 water. (Grabam, Phil. Trans., 1833, 123. 275.) 
 Fleitmann (Pogg. Ann., 78. 250), speaks of it as 
 being completely insoluble in water, and weak 
 acids. 
 
 II.) Dimetaphosphate. The crystallized salt is 
 2 K 0, 2a''PO B & + 2 Aq soluble in 1.2 pts. of water, 
 either hot or cold. (Fleit- 
 mann, Poyg. Ann., 1849, 78. 250.) 
 
 III.) Hexametaphosphate. Soluble in water. 
 (Graham.) 
 
 PyroPnospiiATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) 2 K 0, iPOj + 3 Aq Very deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in watej, from 
 
 which solution it is precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. The aqueous solution may be boiled 
 without the salt being converted into ordinary 
 phosphate. (Sehwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 65. pp. 134, 135.) 
 
 II.) K 0,110, 6P0 6 Quickly deliquesces. Very 
 soluble in water. A syrupy 
 
 aqueous solution of this salt is precipitated when 
 alcohol is added to the acetic-acid solution of 
 No. I. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 65. 
 136.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 it 0, 2 II 0, cP0 5 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 2KO, HO,cP0 6 ter, and alcohol. (Schubarth's 
 Tech.) 
 
 III.) fri. 
 
 a crystallized. Permanent. Exceedingly 
 soluble in water. (Graham, Phil. Trans., 1833, 
 123. 263.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ZM/6/aPHOSPHATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. 
 
 K 0, Na O, 2 a''PO B + 2 Aq Soluble in 24 pts. of wa- 
 ter. (Fleitmann, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 78. 339.) 
 
 Pl/CoPHOSPHATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. 
 
 K 0, Na 0, 6P0 5 + 12 Aq Soluble in water. ( Scliwar- 
 zcnberg, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. 140.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Soluble 
 KO, NaO, H 0, cP0 6 +16 Aq in water. (Mitscher- 
 lich, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., 
 1821, (2.) 19. 396.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF POTASH with ^'SULPHATE OF 
 KO, 211 0, ePO s ; K O, H 0,28 O 3 POTASH. De- 
 composed by 
 water, and alcohol. (Jacquelain.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF QUININE 
 
 I.) 3 ( N 2 \ C 40 H 21 o t . II ), Difficultly solu- 
 3 H 0, 2 cP0 5 + 9 Aq *>le iu col(1 water. 
 
 (VVinckler, from 
 
 Buchn. Rep., (2.) 49. 1, in Pharm. Central B., 
 1848, 19. 31 1.) Soluble in water. Very readily 
 soluble in water acidulated with phosphoric acid. 
 (Anderson, /. Cli. Soc., 1. 58.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water. (Winck- 
 ler.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF RHODIUM. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF RUTHENIUM. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF SAN&uiNARiN(or of CMery- 
 thrin). Permanent. Easily soluble in water, arid 
 dilute spirit ; more difficultly soluble in absolute 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. The aqueous solu- 
 tion may be kept for a long time without decom- 
 posing. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 1839, 29. 121.) 
 
 1/etaPnospHATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) Dinx'tapkosphate. Much less soluble than 
 
 2 Ag 0, 2 a"PO a trimetaphosphate of silver. (Fleit- 
 
 m&n\\, Pogg. Ann., 1849,78.252.) 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Soluble in 60 pts. 
 
 3 AgO, 3 o" ; PO e + 2 Aq of cold water. The per- 
 
 manence of this salt in cold 
 
 solutions is remarkable ; it can even be crystal- 
 lized from liquors strongly acidulated with nitric 
 acid. (Fleitmann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 310, 312.) 
 
 III.) Hexametaphosphate. 
 (Ordinary metaphosphate.) 
 
 a = normal. Completely insoluble in water. 
 6 Ag 0, 6 a^'POs (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 78. pp. 253, 359.) Very easily 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of hexametaphos- 
 phate of soda. (Fleitmann & Henneberg, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 329, 320, 305!) Ex- 
 ceedingly easily decomposed by an aqueous solu- 
 tion of sulphide of sodium. (Fleitmann, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 78. 359.) Soluble in ammonia- 
 water, and in nitric acid. Also soluble in a 
 large excess of an aqueous solution of hexameta- 
 phosphate of soda. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 76. pp. 3, 5, 6, 7.) Cold water very slowly ab- 
 stracts a portion of its acid, and if it be immersed 
 in boiling water, while recently precipitated and 
 still moist, it is decomposed, with formation of the 
 salt b. (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 19.332; 
 H. Rose, Ibid., 1849, 76. 6.) 
 
 b = basic. Insoluble in cold, gradually decom- 
 
 " 3 Ag 0, 2 aP0 5 + Aq " posed by the continued 
 
 action of boiling water. 
 
 (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 19. 332.) Soluble in 
 nitric acid. (H. Rose, Ibid., 76. 7.) Fleitmann 
 & Henneberg, (Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 332) suggest that this salt may be the same as the 
 silver salt of their first acid. Vid. inf. Anom- 
 alous PHOSPHATE OF SILVER, after the salt of 
 the ordinary c acid. . 
 
 Metaphosphate of silver is soluble in cold meta- 
 phosphate of anilin, the solution being partially 
 decomposed on boiling. (Nicholson.) 
 
 PyroPnospiiATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) di. Permanent. Insoluble in water. Is 
 2 Ag 0, W0 5 not altered by boiling with water, 
 nor attacked by acetic acid. Easily 
 soluble in nitric and sulphuric acids; on heating 
 these acid solutions it is converted into ordinary 
 (c) phosphate of silver. Decomposed by chlor- 
 hydric acid. Tolerably easily soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 pyrophosphate of soda(?) with combination. It 
 is not decomposed in the least when boiled with 
 an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, but 
 is almost instantaneously decomposed when boiled ' 
 with ordinary (c) phosphate of soda, c phosphate 
 of silver being formed. When the solution of a 
 silver salt is added to a mixed solution of the b 
 and c phosphates of soda the ordinary c phosphate 
 of silver is precipitated first, i. e. before any pyro- 
 phosphate of silver falls. (Stromeyer, (Jlott. ge.- 
 lehrte Am., 1st vol. of the year 1830, pp. 109-111 ; 
 also in Schweigger' s Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 
 pp, 128-130.) Soluble in ammonia-water, and 
 nitric acid. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 pyrophosphates. Very slightly soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of nitrate of silver. (Schwarzenberg, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 161.) Not com- 
 pletely insoluble in a very large excess of an aque- 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 501 
 
 ons solution of pyrophosphate of soda. (H. Rose, 
 v"o W . Ann., 1849' 76. 17.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) di. Permanent. Instantly decomposed 
 
 2 Ag 0, HO, cP0 5 by water. (Berzelius ; Schwar- 
 
 zenberg.) Insoluble in absolute 
 
 alcohol, or in ether. Soluble in phosphoric acid. 
 
 (Sehwarzenberg, Ann. Ch, u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 
 162.) 
 
 II.) tri. Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble 
 
 3 Ag 0, cP0 5 in water. Soluble in nitric acid and 
 
 in phosphoric acid. (Berzelius, 
 Gilbert's Ann. Phys., 1816, 53. 409.) Readily 
 soluble in phosphoric, acetic, and nitric acids ; also, 
 in ammonia-water, and in an aqueous solution of 
 carbonate of ammonia; less easily soluble in solu- 
 tions of nitrate, and succinate of ammonia ; imper- 
 fectly soluble in a solution of sulphate of ammonia. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, and also very imperfectly in a solu- 
 tion of nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (.3.) 10. pp. 97, 98.) Readily soluble, with 
 decomposition, in aqueous solutions of the soluble 
 hyposulphites. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ.. 
 1819,1.397.) Soluble in ammonia-water and in 
 nitric acid. (H. Rose, 7V.) Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of c. phosphate of soda. (Stro- 
 meyer, Giitt. gelehrte Am., 1st vol of the year 1830, 
 pp. 110, 111.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 c diphosphate of soda or of the silver salts. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 24.) Insoluble in 
 neutral liquors ; it may be conveniently and com- 
 pletely precipitated from the nitric-acid solution 
 by adding; to this a slight excess of carbonate of 
 silver, in order to neutralize it. (Chancel, C. R., 
 49. 997.) 
 
 When an equivalent of 3 Ag O, P0 5 is boiled 
 with an equivalent of Na O, 3 C O2, in aqueous 
 solution, T ^|-g. of it may be decomposed. While, 
 on the other hand, when an equivalent of Ag O, 
 3 C O 2 is boiled with one of 3 Na O, P0 5 , -f-fa 
 of it may be decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3 ) 51. 351.) Decomposed by an aque- 
 ous solution of any salt of a sesquioxide, with 
 formation of an insoluble phosphate of the sesqui- 
 oxide. (Guignet, C. R., 49. 455.) It is not 
 precipitated from solutions which contain citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) It is precipitated even in 
 presence of 10000 pts. of water. (Pfaff.) 
 
 Anomalous]? HOSPH ATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) Salt of Fleitmann $ Henneberg s 1st acid. 
 "6AgO, 4P0 5 " Ppt. Insoluble in water, but is 
 partially decomposed by long- 
 continued washing with water. Soluble in a very 
 large excess of an aqueous solution of the corre- 
 sponding soda salt. (F & H., Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1848, 65. pp. 329, 330, 332.) Fleitmann & Hen- 
 nebcrg suggest that this salt may be the same as 
 the basic metaphosphate of silver of Berzelius. 
 
 II.) Salt of Fleitmann Sf Henneberg's 2d Acid. 
 "6AgO, 5PO 5 ." Ppt. Very easily soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of the cor- 
 responding soda salt. (F. & H., ioc. cit., p. 333.) 
 
 TV/M-'aPHOSPHATE OF SILVER & OF SODA. 
 3 Ag 0, 3 a'"P0 5 ; 3 Na 0, 3 a'"PO B Soluble in water. 
 
 (Fleitmann & 
 
 Henneberg, Ann. Ch. n. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 pp. 310, 311.) 
 
 PyroPnospiiATE OF SILVER & OF SODA. 
 
 n.) Easily soluble in water. (Stromeyer, Golt. 
 gelehrtf. Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830^ p. Ill ; 
 aNo in Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 
 130 ) 
 
 b = 6(2AgO, JP0 5 );2NaO, 6PO B + 4Aq Not com- 
 pletely in- 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of pyrophosphate 
 of soda. Easilv soluble in nitric acid. (Baer, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1848, 75. 171.) 
 
 J/etoPiiospiiATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Monometaphosphate. Even when reduced to 
 (Strongly heated salt of Graham, an impalpable pow- 
 hxdublt metaphosphate.) d h Jg only 
 
 INa. U d'i UK . i , * J 
 
 slowly acted upon 
 
 by continued digestion in a large quantity of boil- 
 ing water. When it does dissolve, it appears to 
 pass into No. III. (the trimetaphosphate). (Gra- 
 ham, PM. 7rans.,1833, 123. pp. 273-275.) Dilute 
 acids have no action upon it, but alkalies, by long 
 digestion, withdraw a portion of the phosphoric 
 acid. (Graham, Ibid., p. 276.) Almost com- 
 pletely insoluble in water. Soluble, however, in 
 dilute and concentrated acids, even in acetic acid. 
 (Maddrell, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 63.) 
 
 II.) Dimetnphosfiliate. The crystallized salt is 
 
 2 Na 0, 2 o"P0 6 & + 4 Aq soluble in 7.2 pts. of 
 
 water, either hot or cold. 
 
 Completely insoluble in strong alcohol, and even 
 very dilute spirit only dissolves traces of it The 
 anhydrous salt greedily absorbs water from tho 
 air. It evolves considerable heat when moistened 
 with water. The aqueous solution may be pre- 
 served, in the cold, for months without decom- 
 position, and even on boiling it is transformed 
 but slowly to ordinary c phosphate. Very easily 
 soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid, from 
 which it crystallizes again completely as neutral 
 salt, on the addition of spirit. It may also be re- 
 covered, as neutral salt, from its solution in caus- 
 tic soda, when this is evaporated. It is most per- 
 manent in alkaline solutions ; but on boiling with 
 acids it is rapidly converted to the ordinary 
 c phosphate, sulphuric acid acting most quickly 
 and completely. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 
 78. pp. 247-249.) 
 
 III.) Trimetaphosphate. Readily soluble in 
 (SHg/itly healed salt of Graham.) water. (Graham, 
 
 3 Na 0, 3 a"'P0 5 + 4 Aq & 11J Aq Phil. Trans. , 1 833, 
 
 123. pp. 273,274.) 
 
 Soluble in 4.5 pts. of cold water. The aqueous 
 solution may be preserved in the cold for a long 
 time, but on boiling it acquires an acid reaction 
 after a time, and when this has once occurred, 
 further decomposition goes on more rapidly. In- 
 soluble in alcohol, and difficultly soluble even in 
 very dilute spirit. Decomposed to ordinary 
 c phosphate by boiling chlorhydric acid. Does 
 not melt in its water of crystallization. It forms 
 with the other trimetaphosphates many double 
 salts, all of which are soluble in water. (Fleit- 
 mann & Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 
 65. pp. 304 -309, 316.) Easily soluble in water. 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 356.) 
 
 IV.) Tetrametaphosphate. Permanent. Solu- 
 
 4 Na 0, 4 o"PO B + 8 Aq ble in water to a slimy solu- 
 
 tion ; less soluble in spirit. 
 (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. pp. 354, 355.) 
 
 V.) Herametaphosphate. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 ( Glassy metaphosphatf. Graham's hie in Water. 
 metaphosphate. Ordinary metaphos- fp rml of \ T1nli 
 phate. Deliquescent metaphosphate.) ' 
 6 Na 0, 6 a"P0 6 qnesces in damp 
 
 air. Highly sol- 
 uble in water. The aqueous solution undergoes 
 no alteration when kept for several months. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Graham, Phil. Trans., 1833, 
 123. pp. 276-278.) Spirit precipitates it from 
 
502 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 the aqueous solution, as a concentrated solution. 
 (Fleitmann, P<xjg. Ann., 1849, 78. 359.) 
 
 Compare Fleitmann Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 305, 316.) 
 
 PyroPnospHATB OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono or "acid." Very soluble in water. 
 NaO, HO, 6POs (Graham, Phil. Trans., 1833, 
 123. 272.) Easily soluble in 
 water. Only slightly soluble in alcohol. It is 
 precipitated "from an acetic acid solution of the 
 normal salt (No. II.) on the addition of alcohol. 
 (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. 
 139.) Much more soluble in water than mono 
 (c) phosphate of soda (Na O, 2 H O, cPO B ). 
 (BerzeliusYLeM>., 3. 230.) 
 
 II.) 2 Na 0, 6P0 5 + 10 Aq Permanent. Soluble 
 in water. More diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water than ordinary c diphos- 
 phateofsoda. (Clarke.) The aqueous so.lution 
 is not changed by boiling, or when kept for a long 
 time. The salt is, however, converted into the 
 ordinary c phosphate when heated with sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, acetic, or even phosphoric acid. 
 The aqueous solution dissolves most of the metal- 
 lic pyrophosphates, with formation of easily soluble 
 double salts. (Stromeyer, Gott. gelehrte Anz., 
 1st vol. of the year 1830, pp. Ill, 113; also in 
 Schweigger's Journ. fiir Ch. u. Phys., 58. pp. 130, 
 132.) For the stability of aqueous solutions of 
 this salt, see also under pyrophosphoric acid, or 
 H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 20. Pyrophos- 
 phate of soda is not sensibly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 325.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. Very easily soluble in water; not 
 
 Na 0, 2 H O, cP0 5 + 2 Aq easily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Graham.) Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Berzelius's T^ehrb.} This salt is pre- 
 cipitated when alcohol is added to a solution 
 of ordinary phosphate of soda in nitric acid. 
 (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1818, 65. 
 140.) 
 
 II.) di. 
 
 a.) Containing no ivater of crystallization. Solu- 
 2 Na 0, H 0, cPO s ble in water. 
 
 In a solution containing p The boiling- 
 
 for 100 pts. of water, pts. point is ele- Difference. 
 
 of dry 2 Na 0, H O, PO B rated. 
 
 0.0 0.0 
 
 11.0 05 11.0 
 
 21.0 1.0 10.0 
 
 31.0 1.5 10.0 
 40.8 2.0 9.8 
 
 50.3 2.5 9.5 
 
 59.4 3.0 9.1 
 
 68.1 3.5 8.7 
 
 76.4 4.0 83 
 
 84.2 4.5 7.8 
 
 91.5 5.0 7.3 
 98.4 5.5 6.9 
 
 105.0 6.0 6.6 
 
 111.4 6.5 6.4 
 
 11[2?]6 . . . . 6.6 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass-tube containing bits of metallic zinc, 
 having been 99.9. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et P/iys., 
 1835, (2.) 59. 433.) 
 
 b <= 2 Na 0, H 0, cP0 6 + 14 Aq Nonefflorescent. 
 This salt is 
 
 contained in hot solutions of common phosphate 
 of soda, and may be obtained when these are 
 evaporated at temperatures superior to 33 ; at 
 
 lower temperatures the compound c crystallizes 
 out. (Clark.) 
 
 c = 2 Na 0, H 0, eP0 + 24 Aq Effloresces rapidly. 
 (Common Phasphate of Soda. Neutral Soluble in 
 Phosphate of Soda. Pearl Salt.) g.48 pts. of 
 
 water at 17; 
 
 or 100 pts. of water at 17 dissolve 11.8 pts. of it; 
 or the aqueous solution saturated at 17 contains 
 10.6% of it, or 4.2% of the anhydrous salt, and is 
 of 1.0442 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1859,109. 326.) Soluble in 4 pts. of cold and 
 in 2 pts. of boiling water ; the saturated cold solu- 
 tion containing 20% of it, and the boiling saturated 
 solution 33.33%. (Pagenstecker.) This salt is 
 much less soluble in water than has been stated 
 by Pagenstecker; the erroneous results of this 
 chemist were probably due to the formation of 
 supersaturated solutions, a phenomenon to which 
 phosphate of soda is peculiarly liable. (H. Schiff', 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 1O8. 331.) Soluble in 
 4 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's 
 Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) The aqueous 
 solution saturated at 15 is of 1.046912 sp. gr., and 
 contains dissolved in every 100 pts. of water at 
 least 12.735 pts. of it. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 18.3 dissolve 26.77 pts. of it. IT.] Very 
 soluble in water, but much more soluble in hot 
 than in cold water. (Mitscherlich, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1821, (2.) 19. pp. 388,407.) It melts in its 
 water of crystallization, at a temperature below 
 100; and is very liable to form supersaturated 
 solutions like sulphate of soda. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 105.5. 
 (T. Griffiths, Qitar. J. ScL, 1825, 18. 90; at 
 106.6 (Legrand.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 An aqueous Contains (by experi- 
 
 solution of ment) 2 Na 0, H 0, 
 
 sp.gr. (at 19) PO 5 +24Aq (percent). 
 
 1.0442 10.588 
 
 1.0292 6.988 
 
 1.0220 5.294 
 
 1.0198 4.659 
 
 1.0 1 GO 3495 
 
 1.0114 2.330 
 
 1.0067 1.165 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 331.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 ing table by means of the formula : 
 I) = 1 + 0.00415 p + 0.00000355 p 2 , in which 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution and p the per- 
 centage of substance contained in the solution. 
 
 Contains 
 
 An aqueous solution of Per cent of 
 sp. gr. (at 19) 2 Na 0, H 0, 
 
 Per cent of anhy 
 drous 2 Na 0, 
 
 
 
 P0 5 + 24 Aq. 
 
 H 0, PO B . 
 
 
 1.0041 
 
 . . . 1 . . 
 
 . 0397 
 
 
 1.0083 
 
 2 
 
 0794 
 
 
 1.0125 
 
 3 
 
 1.191 
 
 
 1.0166 
 
 4 
 
 1.588 
 
 
 1.0208 
 
 5 
 
 1.985 
 
 
 1.0250 
 
 6 
 
 2.382 
 
 
 1.0292 
 
 7 
 
 2.779 
 
 
 1 .0332 
 
 8 
 
 3.176 
 
 
 1.0376 
 
 9 
 
 3.573 
 
 
 1.0418 
 
 10 
 
 3.970 
 
 
 1.0460 
 
 11 
 
 4.367 
 
 
 1 .0503 . 
 
 . . . 12 . . 
 
 . 4764 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 1859, HO. 70.) 
 
 III.) 
 
 tri. 
 
 
 
 a = 
 
 anhydrous 
 
 
 
 
 3NaO. 
 
 cPO B 
 
 
 
PHOSPHATES. 
 
 503 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 ofsp. gr. (at 15) 
 
 It = crystallized. Permanent. 100 pts. of water 
 3 Na 0, cP0 5 + 24 Aq at 15.56 dissolve 19.6 pts. of 
 it ; or 1 pt. of it is soluble in 
 5.1 pts. of water at 15.56. It melts in its water 
 of crystallization at 76.67. (Graham, Phil. 
 Trans., 1833, 123. pp. 254, 255.) Soluble in 
 3.94 pts. of water at 15 ; or 100 pts. of water at 
 15 dissolve 28.3 pts. of it; or, the aq.ueous solu- 
 tion saturated at 15 contains 22.03% of it, or 9.5% 
 of the anhydrous salt, and is of 1.1035 sp. gr. 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 350.) 
 
 Contains (by experi- 
 ment) per cent of 
 3 Na 0, P0 5 + 24 Aq. 
 
 1.0193 4.40 
 
 1 .0393 8.80 
 
 1.0495 11.00 
 
 1.0812 17.60 
 
 1.1035 22.03 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula : 
 D = 1 + 0.004279 p + 0.00001742 p 2 , in which 
 D = sp. gr. of the solution and p the percentage 
 of substance in the solution, by means of which 
 Ott lias calculated the following table. 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains 
 
 ofsp. gr. (at 15) Per cent of Per cent of 
 
 3NaO,P0 5 + 24Aq. 3 Na 0, P0 6 . 
 
 1.0043 .... 1 ... 0.432 
 .0086 2 0.864 
 
 .0130 3 1.297 
 
 .0174 4 1.729 
 
 .0218 5 2.161 
 
 .0263 6 2.593 
 
 .0308 7 3.025 
 
 .0353 8 3.458 
 
 .0399 9 3.890 
 
 .0445 10 4.322 
 
 0492 11 4.754 
 
 .0539 12 5186 
 
 .0586 13 5.619 
 
 .0633 14 6.051 
 
 .0681 15 6.483 
 
 0729 16 6.915 
 
 .0778 17 7.347 
 
 .0827 18 7.780 
 
 .0876 19 8.212 
 
 .0925 20 8.644 
 
 1.0975 21 9076 
 
 1.1025 22 9.508 
 
 1.1076 23 9.941 
 
 1.1127 .... 24 ... 10.373 
 (II. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 196.) 
 AnomalousPiioxrHATK OF SODA. 
 I.) Salt of Fleitmann $ Hcnnvbery's \st acid, 
 a = normal. Soluble in about 2 pts. of cold 
 " 6 NaO, 4 P 5 + x Aq " water. The aqueous so- 
 lution is exceedingly 
 
 easily decomposed. Although abundantly solu- 
 ble in water, as stated above, it dissolves very 
 difficultly and with extreme slowness. Very 
 easily decomposed by acetic acid. (Fleitmann & 
 Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 
 324-328; compare Laurent & Gerhardt, Gme- 
 lin's Handbook, 3. 96.) 
 
 b = acid. Salt of Fleitmann and Henneberg's 
 "4 NaO, 2H 0,4PO S " 1st acid? (Fleitmann & 
 Henneberg, /oc x cit., 
 p. 328 ) 
 
 II.) Salt of Fleitmann and flennebery's Id acid. 
 " 6 Na 0, 6 PO B ." Soluble in water. ( Fleitmann & 
 Henneberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pliurm., 
 18-18, 65. 333.) 
 
 ZVi'A/etaPnospHATE OF SODA & OF STRONTIA. 
 
 Soluble in water. (Fleitmann & Henneherg, Ann- 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 315, 309.) 
 
 OF SODA & OF STRONTIA. 
 9 (2 Sr 0, 6PO S ) ; 2 Na O, 6P0 5 + 18 Aq(?) Somewhat 
 
 soluble in 
 
 water, and ammonia-water. Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda or in 
 alcohol. Easily soluble in chlorhydric and nitric 
 acids. (Baer, Pogg. Ann., 1848, 75. pp. 166, 
 164.) 
 
 PyroPHOSPHATE OF SODA & of sesquioxide OF 
 URANIUM. Soluble in water. (Stromeyer, Giitt. 
 gelehrte Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; 
 also in Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 
 130.) Extremely soluble in water. (Persoz, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Phys., (3.) 20. 322.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF SODA & OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 NaO, 5Ur 2 3 , 2 cP0 5 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF SODA & OF VANADIC ACID. 
 Very slowly soluble in water. 
 
 Pl/roPHOSPHATE OF SODA & OF YlTRIA. 
 
 Soluble in water. (Stromeyer, Giitt. gelehrte Anz., 
 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in Schweta- 
 ger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 TrzA/etaPHOSpiiATE OF SODA & OF ZINC. 
 
 Na 0, 2 Zn 0, 3 o'''PO B + x Aq Soluble in water. 
 
 (Fleitmann & Hen- 
 
 neberg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1848, 65. pp. 315, 
 309.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF SOLANIN. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF STANNETHTL. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 AfetaPnospHATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) Dimdaphosphate ? Insoluble in water, and 
 Sr 0, oP0 5 dilute acids. Decomposed by warm 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. (Mad- 
 drell, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1847, 61. 61.) Not de- 
 composed by digestion in solutions of the alkaline 
 carbonates. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 
 352.) 
 
 II.) Trimetaphosphate. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. ( Fleitmann, cited by H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 Pyj-oPnospHATE OF STRONTIA. Somewhat 
 2 Sr 0, &PO 5 + Aq soluble in water. Easily solu- 
 ble in nitric or chlorhydric 
 acid. Insoluble in acetic acid, or in an aqueous 
 solution of pyrophosphate of soda (Schwarzen- 
 berg, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 65. 144.) Insoluble in 
 an aqueous solution ot pyrophosphate of soda, or 
 rather only very slightly soluble therein when 
 recently precipitated. (Stromeyer, Giitt. gelehrte 
 Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) di. Permanent. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 2 Sr 0, H 0, cPO s sily soluble in phosphoric, chlor- 
 hydric, and nitric acids. (Vau- 
 quelin.) 
 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium, with evolution of ammonia. (Fuchs; 
 Demar9ay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 251.) 
 Easily soluble, when recently precipitated, in cold 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium and 
 nitrate of ammonia, and cannot be completely 
 precipitated therefrom by an excess of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96,99, com- 
 pare p. 334.) 
 
 When an equivalent of 2 Sr O, H 0, P O 6 is 
 boiled with an equivalent of Na O, 2 C 0,, in 
 aqueous solution, 2 T 4 ^ of it may be decomposed. 
 
504 
 
 PHOSPHATES. 
 
 While, on the other hand, when an equivalent of) 
 Sr O, 2 C 2 is boiled with an equivalent of 
 2 Na O, II O, P Os T 4 5 <r f il mav be decomposed. 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.") 51. 351.) Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammo- 
 nium, and of nitrate and succinate of ammonia 
 (Wittstein), and of normal citrate of soda. (Spil- 
 ler.) Partially decomposed when boiled witli an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of potash or car- 
 bonate of soda. (Dulong, Ann. de Chim., 82. 
 279.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in 5 6 pts. of cold water, 
 
 H ), H 0, P0 5 + 18 Aq 
 
 N 2 | C 42 II 22 4 vi . H 0, 2 H 0, cP0 5 + 4 Aq 
 
 er quantity 
 
 of hot water. (Anderson, J. Ch Soc., 1. 56.) 
 II.) di. Less soluble in water than the mono- 
 
 basic 
 s-a 1 t 
 (Ander- 
 son, loc. tit.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF SULPHATE OF POTASH. De- 
 K 0, S 3 ; 3 H 0, P0 5 composed by water, and 
 
 alcohol. (Jacquelin.) 
 PHOSPHATE OF TELLURIUM. Insoluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water, 
 
 2 Th 0, HO, cPOs or in phosphoric acid. (Ber- 
 
 zelius, Pogy. Ann., 1829, 16. 
 411.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 
 3 Sn 0, cP0 water. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium or nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 98.) Soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid and in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. 
 
 PHOSPHATE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 2 Sn 2 , P0 6 + 10 Aq nitric acid. (Reynoso, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.J 34. 323.) 
 In general it has the same solubility as hydrated 
 metastannic acid. [See perOxide of Tin.] (Fre- 
 senius, Quant., p. 161.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of binoxide OF TITANIUM. Insolu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in phosphoric acid, and in 
 an aqueous solution of chloride of titanium. 
 (Hose.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF TOLUIDIN. 
 
 PHOSPHATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Com- 
 
 2 Ur 0, H 0, cP0 5 + 2 Aq pletely insoluble in water, 
 
 and is insoluble while yet 
 
 moist in dilute chlorhydric acid. Very sparingly 
 soluble in concentrated chlorhydric acid, and is 
 rcprecipitated therefrom on the addition of water. 
 Decomposed by a solution of caustic potash. 
 (Rammelsberg. ) 
 
 PyroPnospHATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 2 Ur 2 3 , &PO a + 5 Aq Efflorescent. Insoluble in 
 
 water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 Soluble in nitric acid, from which it is reprecipi- 
 tnted on the addition of an alkali. (A. Girard, 
 C. R., 1852, 34. 24.) Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of pyrophosphate of soda. (Stromeyer, 
 Golt. yelehrte Anz., 1st vol. of the year 1830, 
 p. Ill ; also in Schweiyyer's Journ.fiir Ch. u. Phys., 
 58. 130 ; A. Girard, loc. cit.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 I.) Ur 2 3 , cP0 5 + 5 Aq Hygroscopic. Partially 
 soluble in water, with 
 separation of a basic salt. (Werther.) 
 
 II-) 2 Ur, 8 , P 5 , & + 4 Aq & 9 Aq Insoluble in 
 
 water or 
 
 acetic acid. Easily soluble in the mineral acids. 
 (Arendt & W. Knop.) Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in a solution of carbonate of ammonia. ( Wer- 
 ther.) Is not precipitated from solutions contain- 
 ing citrate of soda. (Spiller.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of potash. (Ebel- 
 men, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 5. 220.) 
 
 III.) acid. 
 
 Lehrb. ) 
 
 Soluble in water. (Berzelius's 
 
 PHOSPHATE of binoxide OF VANADIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Quickly deliquescent. Soluble in 
 V 2 , H 0, cP0 5 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 After having been ignited it is in- 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 1053.) 
 
 II.) "basic." Not entirely soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 PHOSPHATE of teroxide OF VANADIUM (Vana- 
 dic Acid.) 
 
 I.) normal. Very slowly soluble in water. 
 2 V 3 , 3 H 0. 3 cP0 5 
 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 "PHOSPHATE OF VANADIC ACID & OF Si- 
 2 Si 3 , P0 5 ; 2 V 3 , P0 6 + 6 Aq LILIC AciD." 
 
 Tolerably solu- 
 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 Pz/roPnospHATE OF YTTRIA. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of pyrophosphate of soda, with 
 combination. (Stromeyer, Gott. yelehrte Anz., 1st 
 vol. of the year 1830, p. Ill ; also in Schweigyer's 
 Journ.fiir Ch. u. Phys., 58. 130.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in phosphoric acid. 
 
 lin.) 
 
 (Gado- 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water. Soluble, with 
 
 2 Y 0, P0 5 combination, in phosphoric, acid. Sol- 
 
 uble in chlorhydric, and nitric acids, 
 from which solutions, when saturated, the tri-salt 
 is deposited on boiling. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water, or in acids after 
 
 3 Y 0, P 6 it has been ignited. Before ignition 
 
 it is soluble in acids. 
 
 OF ZINC. 
 I. ) Dimetaphosphate. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Unacted upon by acid or 
 2 Zn 0, 2 aP0 5 alkaline solvents, with the excep- 
 tion of boiling concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. It is not decomposed to any 
 perceptible extent by boiling aqueous solu- 
 tions of the sulphides of sodium or ammonium ; 
 but solutions of the alkaline carbonates abstract 
 its acid. (Fleitmann, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 78. 350.) 
 b.) crystallized. Insoluble in water. Only diffi- 
 2Zn 0, 2 a"PO B + 8 Aq cultly decomposed by boil- 
 ing acids. (Fleitmann, loc. 
 cit., p. 258.) 
 
 II.) Trimetaphospnate. Appears to be soluble 
 in water. (Fleitmann, cited by H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann.. 1849, 76. 9.) 
 
 III.) Hexametaphosphate. Appears to be solu- 
 ble in water. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 
 4.) 
 
 IV.) ? As prepared by burning hyposulpho- 
 phosphate of zinc, metaphosphate of zinc is solu- 
 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OF ZINC. Soluble in acids, 
 even in sulphurous acid. 
 Also soluble in aqueous 
 
 2 (2 Zn O, 6PO S ) + 3 Aq 
 
PHOSPHIDES. 
 
 505 
 
 solutions of caustic potash, and ammonia. From 
 the solution in ammonia-water alcohol precipitates 
 a syrupy mass. (Schwarzenberg, Ann. Cfi. u. 
 Pharm., 1848, 65. 151.) It is not decomposed in 
 the least by a boiling aqueous solution of pyro- 
 phosphate of soda, but is immediately decomposed 
 by a boiling solution of ordinary c phosphate of 
 soda, c phosphate of zinc being precipitated. 
 (Stromeyer, Gtd'tt. ge/ehrte Anz., 1st vol. of the year 
 1830, p. 110 ; also in Sckweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. 
 Phys., 58. 129.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of pyrophosphate of soda, and the solution re- 
 mains clear when boiled. Also soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of sulphate of zinc, but this so- 
 lution becomes cloudy on being heated, and the 
 precipitate formed does not disappear again on 
 cooling. (H Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 19.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) peracid. Soluble in water. (Wenzel.) 
 
 II.) mono. Nearly insoluble in water. (Par- 
 Zn 0, 2 H 0, cP0 5 + 2 Aq rish's Pharm., p. 491.) 
 Soluble in water. ( Ure's 
 Diet.) 
 
 III.) di. Insoluble in water. Soluble in phos- 
 
 2 Zn 0, H 0, cPO,- + 2 Aq phoric acid. (Berzelius's 
 
 Lehrb.) 
 IV.) tri. Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids, 
 
 3 Zn 0, cPO fl in ammonia-water, and in aqueous 
 
 solutions of carbonate, sulphate, and 
 nitrate of ammonia, of chloride of ammonium, and 
 of caustic potash. 
 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium, with evolution of ammonia. 
 (Fuchs; Demarcay, Ann. der Pharm., 1834, 11. 
 251.) When recently precipitated it is soluble in 
 a hot aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 Somewhat less easily in a solution of nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 97.) 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of the salts of 
 zinc. Solutions thus obtained become slightly 
 turbid on heating and not entirely clear again on 
 cooling (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 25.) 
 
 PyroPnospiiATE OF ZINC & OF ZiNcAmuo- 
 
 (Bette.) 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF ZIRCONIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 2 Zr 2 3 , 3 P0 5 ter. 
 
 PHOSPHETIIYLIC ACID. Vid. EthylPhos- 
 phoric Acid. 
 
 PHOSPHIDES. All the metallic phosphides are 
 either insoluble in water or immediately decom- 
 posed by it. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., p. 463.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF ALUMINUM. Decomposed by 
 water. (Deville.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF ANTIMONY. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF BARIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. (Dulong.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF CADMIUM. Soluble, with de- 
 composition, in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF CALCIUM. Permanent in dry 
 
 Caj P air. Decomposed by water and by acids. 
 
 Unacted upon by concentrated nitric acid, 
 
 but decomposed by dilute acid. (P. Thenard, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 14.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF CERIUM. Unacted upon by 
 strong acids. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF terCHLORAcETYL. Vid. ter- 
 ChlorAcetylPhosphin. 
 
 A'PHOSPHIDE OF CHROMIUM. Insoluble in 
 64 
 
 Cr 2 P chlorhydric acid ; difficultly soluble in 
 nitric acid, and in aqua-regia (H. Rose) ; 
 insoluble in everything else, even in fluorhydric 
 add. (Bcrzelius.) 
 
 Jh'PHOSPHiDE OF COBALT. Insoluble in chlor- 
 Co 3 P hydric acid. Easily soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) di. 
 Ou 2 P 
 
 II.) tri. Soluble in hot concentrated sulphuric, 
 Cu 3 P nitric, and chlorhydric acids. 
 
 III.) hexa. Insoluble in chlorhydric acid ; but 
 Cu 6 P soluble in nitric acid, and in aqua-regia, 
 with formation of phosphoric acid. (H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 IV.) Cu 3 P t 
 a 
 
 p Insoluble in chlorhydric acid. Soluble in 
 nitric and in hot concentrated sulphuric acids. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 V. ) Cu 4 P i Cu 6 P 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF COPPER & OF ZINC. 
 Cu,, P 5 Zn 6 P 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF GLUCINUM. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 PHOSPHIDE OF GOLD. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF HYDROGEN. Vid. Phosphu- 
 retted Hydrogen. [No. I. (solid.)] 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF IRIDIUM. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Unacted upon by chlorhydric or nitric acid. 
 Fe a P (Hooslef.) 
 
 II.) Peg P, Soluble only in strong nitric acid, 
 or in aqua-regia. (II. Rose.) 
 
 III.) Fe 4 P Same solubility as No. II. (H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 IV.) Fe 6 P Unacted upon by chlorhydric or 
 nitric acid. (Hooslef.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF MERCURY. 
 Hg P 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHATE OF 
 
 P \ Hg, ; 2 (3 Hg 0, 2 S 3 ) + 4 Aq M f c UEY ' In ; 
 t soluble in cold 
 
 water. Solu- 
 ble in aqua-regia. (H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF NICKEL. Insoluble in chlor- 
 Ni 3 P hydric, soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF NITROGEN (of Liebig & Wceh- 
 ler, and of H. Rose). Vid. Phospham. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF OSMIUM. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF POTASSIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. Unacted upon by petroleum. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF SELENIUM. Phosphorus and 
 selenium may be melted together in all propor- 
 tions. The compounds S P 2 and S P 3 are par- 
 tially decomposed by water. They are soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, with de- 
 composition. (Berzclius.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF SILVER. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF SODIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. (Dumas, Jr.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF STRONTIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. (Dumas, 7V.) 
 
506 
 
 PHOSPHITES. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OP THORIUM. Unacted upon by 
 water. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF TIN. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF TITANIUM. 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF YTTRIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. (Wiehler.) 
 
 PHOSPHIDE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) PZn Unacted upon by hot chlorhydric acid. 
 (Hooslef.) 
 
 II.) Zn 3 P Decomposed by chlorhydric acid. 
 (Hooslef.) 
 
 Phosphide of zinc is totally insoluble in water. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHOROUS ACID. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Easily soluble in water. 
 PO, 
 
 6 = hydrated. Very deliquescent. Soluble in 
 3 HO, POj water. The alkaline phosphites are 
 easily soluble in water; most -of the 
 other salts are insoluble in water, but soluble in 
 phosphorous acid. All the phosphites are insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF ALUMINA. Sparingly soluble 
 2A1. O 3 , 3PO. in water. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 3. 478.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. 
 2 N H 4 0, HO, P0 3 Soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Fourcroy.) 100 
 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 50 pts. of it; more 
 soluble in hot water. (Urc's Diet.) Soluble in 
 2 pts. of cold, and in less hot water. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 Deliquescent. Very soluble in water. (A. 
 Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 210.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 Only slightly soluble in water. (Fourcroy & 
 Vauquelin.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. 
 Difficultly soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF AMYL. 
 
 I.) mo/io. Vid. AmylPhosphorous Acid. 
 C 10 H n 0, 2 H 0, P 8 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water, or in a weak aqne- 
 (.imy'Pkosphorous Ether.) ous solution of carbonate 
 2 c w II U 0, H 0, P O, of soda. Soluble in a 
 strong solution of car- 
 bonate of soda, and in ether. (A. Wurtz, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. pp. 223, 227.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 3C 10 H U O,PO S cohol, and ether. (Railton, .7. 
 Ch. Soc., 7. 219.) Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Soluble in alcohol, aud ether. 
 (Williamson & Railton.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF ANTIMONY. Soluble in an 
 2 Sb O s , 3 H 0, 3 P 3 excess of chlorhydric acid. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Easily soluble in water. (H.Rose.) 
 
 Ba 0, 2 H 0, P 3 -f Aq Decomposed by boiling 
 
 water to an insoluble basic 
 
 and an insoluble acid salt. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (A. Wurtz, Ann. C'h.et Phys., (3.) 16. 211.) 
 
 II.) di. Efflorescent. Very slightly soluble in 
 2 Ba 0, H 0, P 3 + Aq water. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of 
 
 ammonium. (Waokenroder, Ann. Ch. H. Phorm., 
 41. 315.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 
 0.25 pt. of it. (Ure's Did.) Soluble in pho<- 
 phorous acid, with combination. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) Soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 (Railton.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF BARYTA & OF ETHYL. 
 I.) 2 Ba O, C, H 5 o, P O 3 Soluble in water, but 
 the solution is decom- 
 posed by boiling. (Railton.) 
 
 II.) Ba O, 2 C 4 H 5 0, P O s Very deliquescent. 
 Extremely soluble 
 
 in water. Soluble in dilute, but only slightly 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. (Railton.)" 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in water. 
 2 Bi O s , 3 PO S 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 2 Cd 0, H 0, P O s 
 
 PHOSPHITE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Al- 
 2Cr,0 3 ,3 HO, 3P0 3 most insoluble in water. (H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF COBALT. Difficultly soluble 
 2CoO, HO, PO S in water. (H.Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water. 
 2UuO, HO, PO s + 4Aq (H. Rose.] 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Vid. EthylPhosphorons Acid. 
 
 II.) di. Vid. rf/EthylPhosphorous Acid. 
 
 III.) tri. Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Ethyl Phosphite of Ethyl.) (Railton, J. Ch. Soc.,T. 
 3C 4 H 3 0,PO S 218.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF GLUCINA. Insoluble in water. 
 2G1,0 S , 3PO, (H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE of protoride OF IRON. Almost in- 
 2FeO, H O, P 3 soluble in water. 
 
 PHOSPHITE of sesqttioxide OF IRON. Sparingly 
 2 Fe 2 3 , 3 H 0, 3 P 3 soluble in cold water. Sol- 
 uble in a cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of iron-alum. (H.Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water. (H.Rose.) Very 
 
 2 Pb 0, H 0, P 3 sparingly soluble in warm phos- 
 
 phoric acid. (A. Wurtz.) Sol- 
 uble in cold nitric acid, without oxidation. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) /?/," tetra." Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 3 Pb 0, P 8 + Aq in a warm dilute aqueous solu- 
 
 tion of hypophosphorous acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on neutralizing \\ith 
 ammonia. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 7. pp.36, 44.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) mono, " acid." Soluble in water. The aque- 
 Ca 0, 2 H 0, P 3 + Aq ous solution is decomposed 
 by alcohol, which precipi- 
 tates normal hypophosphite of lime, while an acid 
 salt remains in solution. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 16.212.) 
 
 II.) di, " normal." Soluble in water. The 
 2CaO, H 0,P0 3 + Aq aqueous solution is de- 
 composed by boiling to a 
 
 difficultly soluble basic, and a soluble acid salt. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Wurtz, A nn. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 212.) Difficultly soluble in water, the 
 aqueous solution being decomposed by boiling, to 
 an insoluble basic and a soluble acid salt. (Ber- 
 zelius's -Lehrb.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of chloride of ammonium. ( Wackenroder, Ann. 
 Ch. M. Pharm., 41. 315.) Soluble in 1 pt. of 
 water at 15.6. [Y.] 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) di. Difficultly soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 2 Mg 0, H 0, P 3 + 2 Aq Requiring 400 pts. of 
 water to dissolve it. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 443.) 
 
PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 507 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) di. Sparingly soluble in water. Soluble in 
 2 Mn 0, H 0, P 3 + Aq aqueous solutions of chlo- 
 ride of manganese and sul- 
 phate of manganese. (H.Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF NICKEL. Sparingly soluble in 
 2 Ni 0, H 0, P 3 water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) di, "normal." Very deliquescent. Very 
 
 2 K 0, H 0, P 3 soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 16. 207.) Deliquescent. Soluble 
 
 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Dulong.) 
 
 II.) "acid." Somewhat less soluble in water 
 
 2KO, 3PO S + 7HO thfcn the preceding salt. 
 
 (Wurtz, loc. cit., p. 208.) 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts, of cold, and in a smaller quan- 
 tity of hot water. (Fourcroy & Vauquelin.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 [Y-] 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF SODA. 
 
 I. ) di or " normal." Deliquescent. Very solu- 
 2NaO, HO, P0 3 + 10Aq ble in water. (A. Wurtz.) 
 Very soluble in water. 
 Also soluble in absolute alcohol. (H. Rose.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very deliquescent Soluble in wa- 
 2 NaO, 3P 3 + 8 Aq ter. (A. Wnrtz, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 16. 209.) Sol- 
 uble in 2 pts. of cold, and in about the same 
 quantity of hot water. Sparingly soluble in 
 spirit. (Fourcroy & Vauquelin.) 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF STRONTIA. Difficultly soluble 
 2 Sr 0, H 0, P O s + Aq in water. On heating the 
 aqueous solution it is de- 
 composed to a difficultly soluble basic, and an 
 easily soluble acid salt. 
 
 PHOSPHITE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 2 Sn 0, H O, P 3 water. Soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid ; and the solution thus ob- 
 tained is one of the most powerful reducing agents 
 known. 
 
 PHOSPHITE qfbinoxidc OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 Sn 2 , H 0, P 3 water. 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF TITANIUM. Insoluble in water 
 
 PHOSPHITE OF ZINC. Difficultly soluble in 
 2 Zn 0, H O, P 3 + 5 Aq water. ( H. Rose.) 
 
 PHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID. Very soluble in 
 C 6 H 9 P O 12 = C 6 H 7 5 , 2 H 0, P 5 water, and alco- 
 hol. (Gobley.) 
 
 Solutions containing more than 1 pt. of the acid 
 in 10 pts. of water are decomposed by boiling; 
 solutions weaker than this are not thus decom- 
 posed. (Gobley.) 
 
 Most of the salts of phosphoglyceric acid are 
 readily soluble in water, but insoluble, or only 
 sparingly soluble, in alcohol. (Pelouze.) 
 
 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE OF BARYTA. Soluble 
 
 C 6 II 7 O s , (Ba 0) 2 , P 6 in water, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. (Pelouze.) 
 
 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 C 6 H 7 5 , 2 Pb 0, P 5 water. ( Pelouze. ) 
 
 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE OF LIME. Very solu- 
 C 6 H 7 B , 2 Ca 0, P 6 ble in cold, but very sparingly 
 soluble in boiling water. Al- 
 cohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Pelouze ; Gobley.) 
 
 PHOSPHoMoLYBDATE OF X. Vid. Molybdate 
 of X, with Phosphate of X. 
 
 PHOSPHONITRATE OF X. Vid. Nitrate of X 
 with Phosphate of X. 
 
 PHOSPHOR^METHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (PA osphor Ca coilyl. 
 diMtthylPh.asph.orus.) 
 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 > p 
 (i H 3 ), \ ^ 
 
 PHOSPHORUS. There are two allotropic modi- 
 p fications. 
 
 I.) Modif. a. Insoluble in water, but is very 
 (Ordinary white Phosphorus.) slowly decomposed 
 thereby. 
 
 Soluble in 320 pts. of cold alcohol of 0.799 
 sp. gr., and in 240 pts. of the same alcohol when 
 it is warm ; from this hot solution 4 of the phos- 
 phorus is deposited on cooling. On the addition 
 of water it is precipitated from the alcoholic solu- 
 tion. (Buchner.) Soluble in 20 pts. of absolute 
 ether at 20 ; in 240 pts. of ordinary ether at 20. 
 (Bucholz.) Soluble in 80 pts. of absolute ether 
 at 15.5, and in 240 pts. of ordinary ether at 15.5. 
 The ethereal solution undergoes decomposition in 
 the course of time. (Brtignatelli, Ann. de Chim., 
 24. 73. [T .].) Soluble in 0.05 pt. of bisulphide 
 of carbon (Boettger) ; in 0.125 pt. (Trommsdoiff.) 
 Sulphide of carbon is the l>est solvent known of 
 ordinary phosphorus. (Pelouze & Fremy.) 
 
 When a solution of ordinary phosphorus in bi- 
 sulphide of carbon is exposed to sunlight it is par- 
 tially decomposed, and some red phosphorus 
 (modif. /*) is deposited. (Corenwinder, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 3O. 248.) Alcohol precipitates it 
 from the bisulphide of carbon solution. (Ber- 
 zelius.) Sparingly soluble in cold, more soluble 
 in hot benzin. (Mansfield.) Soluble in 14 pts. 
 of hot, less soluble in cold rock-oil (naphtha) 
 from Amiano. (Saussure.) Sparingly soluble 
 in warm essential oils, as oil of turpentine, and 
 in the fatty oils. Soluble in warm oil of turpen- 
 tine, the solution solidifying on cooling. (Jonas.) 
 Soluble in hot oil of copaiba, separating out again 
 in part as the solution cools. (Gerber.) Soluble 
 in hot oil of caraway. Soluble in oil of mandarin. 
 (Luca ) Slightly soluble in cold, more soluble 
 in hot caoutchin ; from the hot solution the 
 greater part of it is deposited on cooling. Abun- 
 dantly soluble, with evolution of heat, in bichlo- 
 ride of sulphur (Cl S 2 ) ; as the solution cools, 
 much of the phosphorus is deposited ; but if one 
 continues to heat the solution, it is decomposed. 
 (Wcehler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 276.) It is 
 also solublein protochloride of sulphur. (Thomp- 
 son ) Soluble in disulphide of phosphorus (P 2 S) 
 at 50 ; from which it crystallizes out when the 
 solution is cooled to + 30. Largely soluble in 
 terchloride of phosphorus (P C1 3 ). Soluble to an 
 almost unlimited extent in hot, less readily solu- 
 ble in cold sulphoperchloride of phosphorus, of 
 Gladstone (P C1 5 S,), and pentachloride of phos- 
 phorus. Tolerably readily soluble in warm, less 
 soluble in cold styrol. 
 
 Soluble in anilin, though less so than sulphur; 
 also soluble in leukol (quinolein). (Hofmann, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 143, 169.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 Somewhat soluble in boiling fusel-oil (hydrate of 
 amyl), and does not separate out on cooling. 
 (Pelletan.) Readily soluble in valerianic acid, 
 and in valerate of amyl. Tolerably soluble in 
 hydride of valeryl. (Trautwein. ) 
 
 Very readily soluble in caprylic alcohol (hy- 
 drate of capryl) (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 44. 103) ; in warm chloride of ethylene ( Vogel) ; 
 in warm sulphocyanide of allyl (essence of mus- 
 
508 
 
 PHTALATES. 
 
 tard = C 8 H r> N S 2 ) (Eontanelle); and in mercuric) 
 methyl. Soluble in chloroform (Liebig). in bro- 
 mal (Losing), in warm chloral (Liebig), in acetic 
 ether (O. Henry), in aldehyde (Liebig), in hot 
 protosulphide of cacodyl, and in alkarsine (oxide 
 of cacodyl). Strong vinegar, of 9 ( 10 B., when 
 boiling, dissolves & considerable quantity of it. 
 (Beudet.) Soluble in chloride of ethyl, in warm 
 chloride of benzoyl (C H H B O 2 Cl), and in bichlo- 
 ride of tin ; also, in the course of a few days, in 
 liquid (by pressure) cyanogen. (Kemp.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in nitrite of ethyl. (Favre.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in wood-spirit (Zeise); in lignone, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water (L. Gmelin) ; and in bromoform. (Loewig). 
 
 Sparingly soluble in acetone, the solution un- 
 dergoing decomposition gradually at the ordinary 
 temperature, but much more rapidly at tempera- 
 tures nearly equal to that of the boiling-point of 
 the liquid." (Zeise, Ann. Ch. et Phys., '(3.) 6. 
 502.) A little more soluble than sulphur in ace 
 tone. (Chenevix, Ann. de Chim., 1809, 69. 50.) 
 Insoluble in nicotin. (Barral.) Appears to be in- 
 soluble in coniin. (Blyth.) Soluble, with de- 
 composition, in hot concentrated nitric acid. Also 
 decomposed by boiling aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. 
 
 II.) Modif. (?. Permanent. (Schrcetter.) The 
 (Red Phosphorus. Amorphous Phosphorus.) Statement 
 
 that red 
 
 phosphorus is permanent is an error, since it ab- 
 sorbs oxygen from the air, and gradually rutis 
 down to an acid liquid. (G. Wilson; Personne, 
 C. R, 1857, 45. 114.) Insoluble in water, al- 
 cohol, ether, bisulphide of carbon, perchloride of 
 phosphorus, naphtha, or an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. Oil of turpentine and other 
 liquids of high boiling-points dissolve small quan- 
 tities when heated ; but as these solutions cool 
 ordinary phosphorus is deposited. Concentrated 
 sulphuric acid has no action upon it in the 
 cold, but when hot 'it dissolves it easily, with 
 decomposition. Insoluble in dilute, readily solu- 
 ble, with decomposition, in concentrated nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Marvellously easily soluble in nitric acid, either 
 hot or cold, with formation of P Os and P 5 , 
 being very much more easily soluble than the 
 ordinary modification of phosphorus. (Personne, 
 C. R., 1857,45. 115.) 
 
 PnospHoViNic ACID. Vid. EthylPhosphoric 
 Acid. 
 
 PHOSPHURETTED HYDROGEN. 
 
 I.) solid. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. (Le- 
 
 ( Hydride of phosphorus.) verrier.) The only liquid 
 
 P 2 H which dissolves, without 
 
 decomposing it, is liquid 
 
 phosphuretted hydrogen. (P. Thenard, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 14. 28.) Soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in dilute nitric acid at a temperature of 
 30 @ 40. (Leverrier.) Instantly decomposed 
 by nitric and sulphuric acids. Also soluble, with 
 decomposition, in an alcoholic solution of caustic 
 potash. It is not acted upon by protochloride of 
 phosphorus, bichloride of tin, or chloride of tita- 
 nium. (P. The'nard, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 
 
 8.) 
 
 II.) liquid. Entirely insoluble in water. Al- 
 P H 2 cohol, and oil of turpentine appear to dis- 
 solve it, but the solution quickly decom- 
 poses. (P. Thenard, Ann. Ch. et Phys.' (3.) 14. 
 23.) 
 
 III.) gaseous. Boiled water absorbs of the 
 
 p H 3 more inflammable gas 0.0179 (-J^) of its own 
 volume (Gengcmbre) ; 0.0250 (-$) of its 
 volume. (H. Davy.) 
 
 '-' The absorption of this gas by water has been 
 stated variously. In 1799, Kaymond found that wa- 
 ter absorbs rather less than 4 [ = 0.25] of its vol. of 
 this gas ; in 1802, Henry rates its absorption at -fa 
 [=0.1213] only; in 1810, I [Dalton] found it 
 J y [= 0.037]; in 1812, Davy found it J [= 0.125]; 
 i"n 1816, Thompson found it to be -fa [ 0.0213] ; 
 
 1 [Dalton] now estimate it at \ [= 0.125]. 
 These enormous differences may be partly ac- 
 counted for by varieties in the gas ; and partly 
 from the theory of the absorption not being un- 
 derstood." (Dalton, in his New System, 2. 173.) 
 Water absorbs of the less inflammable gas 0.1250 
 (4) of a vol. (H.Davy.) 
 
 1 volume of alcohol, of 0.85 sp. gr. absorbs 
 0.5 vol. of it. (Graham.) 1 vol. of ether absorbs 
 
 2 vols. of it. (Graham.) Also soluble in volatile 
 oils. 1 vol. of oil of turpentine absorbs 3.25 vols. 
 of it. (Graham.) Slowly absorbed by an aque- 
 ous solution of sulphate of copper and by bromine. 
 (Berthelot. ) Concentrated sulphuric acid absorbs 
 it without any immediate decomposition ; but the 
 solution kept out of contact with the air decom- 
 poses in the course of 24 hours. (Buff.) 
 
 PHTALAMIC ACID. Soluble in water, and in 
 
 (Phtalamid. JVaphthalamid. dilute chlor- 
 
 Isomeric with Isatinic Acid.) hydric acid. 
 
 C 18 H 7 N 6 = N | |jw H * u * ' 0, H (P e r k i n , 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 98. 237.) 
 
 PHTALAMATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble in 
 C 16 H 6 (N H 4 ) N 6 water; the aqueous solution 
 being decomposed by long-con- 
 tinued boiling. Easily soluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 PHTALAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 PHTALAMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in cold, 
 
 C 18 H AgN0 8 soluble, with decomposition, in 
 
 hot water. Somewhat soluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 
 
 117.) 
 
 PHTALIC Acio(Anhydrous). Sparingly solu- 
 (PhtalicJlnhydride. Pyro- ble in cold water. Solll- 
 Mizaric JlcuL. Phtaliil.) b i e m boiling " water, 
 c io H 46 with formation of the 
 
 hydrated acid. Very soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 PHTALIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold 
 (Napiithalic Add. All Acid.) water. Very solu- 
 AeHeOs = c m H 4 6 , 2 H ble in alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Also solu- 
 ble, without decomposition, in sulphuric, chlor- 
 hydric, and nitric acids. 
 
 Alizaric acid is very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 but soluble in boiling water, being more readily 
 soluble in water than benzoic acid. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol and in aqueous solutions of the 
 alkalies. Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. Most of its salts are soluble in water. 
 (Schnnk, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1847, p. 140 ; & 1848, 
 p. 64.) '' 
 
 The alkaline phtalates are readily soluble in 
 water ; less soluble in alcohol. The other salts 
 are sparingly soluble, or insoluble. 
 
 PHTALATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Very soluble in water. Sparingly 
 C 18 H 5 (N H 4 ) O 8 soluble in alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 PHTALATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Laurent.) 
 
PICRAMATES. 
 
 509 
 
 PHTALATE OF ETHYL. 
 Cm H 4 (C 4 H s ) 2 8 
 
 PHTALATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water, or 
 C 16 H 4 Pb, 8 acetic acid. (Schunk, loc. cit.) 
 
 PHTALATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 (Schunk, loc. cit.) 
 
 PHTALATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 PHTALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 (Schunk, loc. cit.) Very soluble iu water. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 PHTALATE OF SILVER. Tolerably soluble in 
 C 16 H 4 Ag 2 8 water. (Marignac.) Soluble in 
 boiling, less soluble in cold water. 
 (Schunk, loc. cit.) 
 
 PHTALATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very readily soluble in water. 
 Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 PHTALATE OF ZINC. Scarcely at all soluble 
 in cold water. 
 
 PHTALAMID. Vid. Phtalamic Acid. 
 
 PHTALANIL. Vid PhenylPhtalimid. 
 
 PHTALANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylPhtalamic 
 Acid. 
 
 PIITALIDIN. Tolerably easily soluble in cold 
 
 (PktaUnamin.) water, from which solution 
 
 C 16 H B N N \ 10 HS " it is deposited again after 
 
 several days. Soluble in 
 
 all proportions in hot alcohol, and ether. (Du- 
 sart, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 45. 335.) The salts 
 of plitalidin are soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 PHTALIMID. Almost insoluble in cold, spar- 
 (Naphthalimid. Phtalylamid. Iso- ingly soluble in 
 merle with [satin and CyanoSalleyl.) boiling water 
 C 18 H 6 N 4 = N { <> H * *" Largely soluble 
 
 in boiling alco- 
 hol, and ether. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 hot concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 PHTALIMID with OXIDE OF SILVER. Soluble 
 
 (Silverp/italimid.) in hot water. Abundantly solu- 
 
 C, 8 H 4 Ag N 4 ble in boiling alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in hot ammonia-water, 
 
 separating out unchanged as the solution cools. 
 
 PHTALINE nitre. Vid. NitroPhtalene. 
 
 PHYCIC AciD(from Protococcus vufyaris). Ut- 
 terly insoluble in water. Easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, especially if it is hot ; also soluble in ether, 
 acetone, and the fatty and essential oils. Soluble 
 in 15 pts. of boiling absolute alcohol ; in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of water, and in aqueous solutions 
 of caustic potash and soda, but not ammonia. 
 (Lamy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 131.) 
 
 The alkaline salts of phycic acid are soluble in 
 water, and alcohol, especially when these are hot; 
 most of the other salts are insoluble precipitates. 
 
 PHYCITE. Vid. ErythroMannite. 
 
 PiiYCOERYTHRiN(Red coloring matter of vari- 
 ous alya j ). 
 
 PHYCOHEMATiN(coloring matter of Rytiplaea 
 tinctoria). Easily soluble in water, and in ammo- 
 nia-water. Insoluble in alcohol, ether, or oils. 
 (Kaetzing.) 
 
 PIIYLLORETIN. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 C 40 H 24 " soluble in boiling alcohol, and in ether. 
 
 (Forchammer.) 
 
 PHYSALIN. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 r IT n C 28H 15 0? n somewhat more solu- 
 
 i-s"ioOio = H$* ble in boiling water. 
 
 Easilv soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and chloroform. Very sparingly soluble in 
 cold ether. Tolerably soluble in ammonia-water. 
 Very sparingly soluble in, dilute acids. 
 
 PHYSETOLEIC ACID. 
 C 32 HJO 4 = C 32 H 28 3 , II 
 
 PHYSET()LEATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C S2 H 20 Ba 4 boiling alcohol. 
 
 PHYSETOLEATE OF LEAD. Soluble in ether. 
 
 PHYSODEIN. 
 
 C 20 H 9 ]3 
 
 PHYSODIN. Insoluble in water, and alcohol of 
 C 20 H 10 14 80%, but is soluble in boiling absolute 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether or acetic 
 acid. Unacted upon by'dilute acids. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, and with decomposi- 
 tion in nitric acid. Readily soluble in warm 
 aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia, potash, and 
 carbonate of ammonia. (Gerding.) 
 
 PICAMAR. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 Very easily soluble in alcohol, ether, acetate of 
 ethyl, wood-spirit, bisulphide of carbon, naphtha, 
 and creosote. Insoluble in eupion. Soluble in 
 aqueous .alkaline solutions, with combination. 
 (Rcichenbach.) Easily soluble in acetic acid. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. (Reichcn- 
 bach.) 
 
 PICOLIN. Miscible with water in all propor- 
 (CWonXofTJnverdorben).) tions, but is separated 
 (homencwtthAniUn). when ^ wate ,. gutu . 
 
 C 12 H 7 N = N ^ C 12 H 7 '" rated with caustic potash 
 or with many alkaline 
 
 salts. (Anderson.) Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 ether (Unvcrdorben), and wood-spirit. (Ander- 
 son ) It mixes readily with volatile oils (Unver- 
 dorben), and with fixed oils (Anderson). 
 
 The salts of picolin are readily soluble in wa- 
 ter, being, as a rule, somewhat more soluble than 
 those of anilin ; several of them are deliquescent. 
 (Anderson.) They are also easily soluble in cold 
 alcohol. (Unverdorbcn.) 
 
 PiCRAcETATE OF X. Vid. Acetate of X with 
 Picrate of X. 
 
 PICRAMIC ACID. Almost insoluble in boiling 
 (NitroHcEmatir. Acid. BijyitroPhem'damic water. 
 Acid. AmibiNitroPhenylic Acid. Deoxi- /\ pj 
 dized Picric Acid. BiNitroPhenoylamicAcid.) ' , 
 
 ly soluble 
 
 in water. (Wcchler.) Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether (Girard) ; also soluble, without altera- 
 tion, in dilute sulphuric and chlorhydric acids. 
 Decomposed by concentrated sulphuric and nitric 
 acids. 
 
 PlCRAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble ill Water, 
 
 C 12 H 4 fN H 4 ) (N 4 ) 2 N 2 and alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Girard.) 
 
 PICRAMATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 C 12 H 4 Ba (N 4 ) 2 N 2 in water, and alcohol. ( Gi- 
 rard.) 
 
 PICRAMATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water, 
 C 12 H 4 Cu (N 4 ) 2 N 2 or alcohol. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water, and in acids. 
 (Girard.) 
 
 PICRAMATE OF LEAD Soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and in acids. (Girard.) 
 
 PICRAMATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Soluble in acids. (Girard.) 
 
 PICRAMATE OF POTASH. Tolerably soluble 
 C 12 H 4 K (N O 4 ) 2 N 2 in water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Girard.) 
 
510 
 
 PICRATES. 
 
 PICRAMATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in cold, 
 C, 2 H 4 Ag (N 4 ) 2 N 2 decomposed by boiling wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Girard.) 
 
 PICRAMID. Vid. terNitrAnilin. 
 PICRANISIC ACID. Vid. Picric Acid. 
 PICRIC ACID. 
 
 (TerNUroPhenic Acid. TerNitro Carbolic 
 Acid. Nitro Phenlsic Acid. NilroPicric Arid. 
 Crysolepic Acid. C'arbAzvtic Acid. Wel- 
 ter's Hitter. Picranisic Acid.) 
 C 12 II 3 N 8 O u = C 12 H 2 (N 4 ) 3 0, H 
 
 Soluble ia 160 pts. of water at 5 
 86 . ' 15 
 
 " 81 ' 20 
 
 " 77 ' 22.5 
 
 73 ' 26 
 
 " 26 77 
 
 (Marchand.) 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Liebig; 
 Schunk ; Cahours.) Soluble, with combination, 
 in hot bcnzin : at the ordinary temperature pure 
 benzin dissolves 8 i 10 %,of it. (Fritzsche.) In- 
 soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric .acid, and 
 but sparingly soluble in cold dilute sulphuric 
 acid. Soluble in warm concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated unchanged on 
 the addition of water. (Marchand.) When a 
 saturated cold aqueous solution is mixed with an 
 equal volume of sulphuric acid, the greater part 
 of the picric acid is precipitated. 
 
 Readily soluble in concentrated nitric acid, not 
 being decomposed even by boiling fuming acid. 
 (Cahours.) Soluble, without decomposition, in 
 hot nitric and chlorhydric acids, and even in aqua- 
 regia, but appears to be slightly changed after 
 long-continued boiling with the latter or with 
 nitric acid. (Kolbc's Lehrb., 1. pp. 420, 422.) 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, very abundantly soluble 
 in hot creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 There has been a question, whether picranisic 
 acid is identical or only isomeric with picric acid. 
 Quite recently Carey Lea has shown (Am. J. Sci., 
 1858, (2.) 26. 380), that these acids are really 
 identical. Cahours, who believed this acid to be 
 isomeric, and not identical with picric acid, says 
 that it is sparingly soluble in cold, very easily 
 soluble in boiling water. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Easily soluble in cold fuming 
 nitric acid, but is decomposed when the solu- 
 tion is boiled. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 25. 26.) 
 Most of the picrates are soluble in water. 
 
 PICRATE OF ACONITIN. Insoluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 PICRATE OF ALUMINA. Permanent. Soluble 
 in water. (Carey Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 383.) 
 
 PICRATE OF AMMONIA. Tolerably readily 
 C 12 H 2 (NH 4 )(NO t ) 3 2 soluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Liebig.) Sparingly soluble in water. (Cahours, 
 loc. cit.) Very difficultly soluble in cold alkaline 
 solutions. (Carey Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 75.) 
 
 PICRATE OF ANILIN. Nearly insoluble in 
 cold, and very difficultly soluble in boiling water. 
 (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 163.) Sol- 
 uble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 PICRATE OF ARGENT&ZAMIN. Readily soluble 
 
 (JimmonioPi crate of silver.) jn hot, sparingly soluble 
 
 C 12 H 2 (N 2 ) H 6 . Ag)N 3 14 in cold water containing 
 
 ammonia. (Carey Lea, 
 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 80.) 
 
 PICRATE OF ATROPIN. 
 
 PICRATE or BARYTA. 
 
 I.) C 12 H 2 Ba (N 4 ) 3 0, + 5 Aq Easily soluble in 
 water. (Liebig.) 
 
 The " picranisate of baryta" is sparingly soluble 
 in cold water. (Cahours, foe. cit.) 
 
 II.) basic. Almost insoluble in water. (Kolbe's 
 C 12 H Ba 2 (N 4 ) 3 2 + 4 Aq ? Lehrb., I. 424.) 
 
 PICRATE OF BEBERIN. Ppt. 
 
 PICRATE OF BENZIN. Immediately decom- 
 C 12 H 2 (C, 2 H,j)(N0 4 ) 3 o 2 poses when exposed to 
 the air, but may be pre- 
 served in an atmosphere of benzin. Decomposed 
 by water. Soluble, without decomposition, in al- 
 cohol, and ether. Soluble in hot, less soluble in 
 cold benzin. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 PICRATE OF CADMIUM. Efflorescent. Ex- 
 tremely soluble in water. By long-continued 
 boiling the aqueous solution is partially decom- 
 posed. (Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 385.) 
 
 PICRATE OF CADMIUM&/AMIN & OF CADMIUM- 
 
 (AmmoniaPicrate of Cadmium.) AMMONIUM. De- 
 
 C 12 H 2 (N 2 ^H 6 . Cd JN 3 14 ; C 12 H 2 composed by 
 / ( H S \ pure water. Sol- 
 
 I, JGdJ 3 " uble, without de- 
 
 composition, in 
 
 a warm solution of mixed ammonia and chloride 
 of ammonium. (Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 83.) 
 
 PICRATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Soluble 
 in water. (Lea.) 
 
 PICRATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Solu- 
 ble in water. (Lea.) 
 
 PICRATE OF CHROMIUMAMIN. Decomposed 
 
 (Ammonia Picrate of Chromium.') when heated with a 
 considerable quan- 
 tity of water, even when this contains much am- 
 monia. (Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 84.) 
 PICRATE OF CINCHONIN. 
 PICRATE OF COBALT. Soluble in warm, less 
 D 12 H 2 Co (N 4 ) 3 2 + 5 Aq soluble in cold water. 
 (Lea.) Soluble in wa- 
 ter and in boiling absolute alcohol. (Marchand.) 
 
 PICRATE OF COBALT^'AMIN. Nearly insoluble 
 (Ammonia-Picrate of Cobalt.) j n water, by which 
 
 C 12 H 2 (N 2 1 H 6 . Co JN 3 14 + Aq it is decomposed, 
 however. It is 
 
 even difficult to wash it, without decomposition, 
 with solutions of carbonated or caustic ammonia. 
 (Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. pp. 79, 82.) 
 
 PICRATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Easily soluble in 
 C 12 H 2 Cu (N O 4 ) 3 2 + 5 Aq water ; also soluble in 
 boiling absolute alco- 
 hol. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. Insoluble in boil- 
 ing absolute alcohol. 
 
 PICRATE OF CUPR(C)WAMIN. Insoluble, or 
 (AmmoniaPicrate of Copper.) nearly insoluble in wa- 
 C 12 H 2 ^N 2 JH 6 . Cuto 3 o 14 ter, but is decomposed 
 s thereby. May be wash- 
 
 ed with a strong aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia, and with dilute ammonia-water. (Lea, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 385, & 31. pp. 79, 81.) 
 
 PICRATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Picric Ether. Phfnate of Ethyl- Snarinflv 
 
 trimtre. TriNitroPhertetol.) ,, fe . 
 
 r n K o r H rr w \ fM n i n soluble in 
 
 ^16 "7 "S U 14 = ^12 H 2 (^4 H o) (N O 4 ) s O 2 
 
 easily soluble in boiling alcohol. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
PICRATES. 
 
 511 
 
 PICRATE OF FERROUSAMIN ? Ppt. Does not 
 
 (AmmoniaPicrate of Protoxide of Iron.) appear to dis- 
 
 solve when 
 
 heated with aqueous solutions of chloride of am- 
 monium or of caustic ammonia, but is decomposed 
 by them. (Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 86.) 
 
 PICRATE OF GLUCINA. Soluble in water. 
 (Lea, loc. dt., vol. 26.) 
 
 PICRATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water. (Lea.) 
 
 PICRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble in 
 water. (Lea, loc. cit., vol. 26.) 
 
 PICRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Tolerably soluble in water (E. 
 C 1S H, Pb (N 4 ) 3 2 + Aq & 5 Aq Kopp, Ann. Ch. et 
 P%s., (3.) 13. 235), 
 and in dilute alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Ppt. 
 C ]2 H 2 Pb (N 4 ) 3 2 , Pb 0, H 
 
 III.) tri. Nearly insoluble in boiling water. 
 C 12 H 2 Pb (N 4 ) 3 2 , 2 (Pb 0, H 0) + Aq (Marchand.) 
 
 IV.) penta. Ppt. 
 C 12 H 2 Pb(N0 4 ) 3 2) 4PbO 
 
 PICRATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in water. 
 C 12 H 2 Ca (N 4 ) 3 2 + 5 Aq ( Liebig.) More solu- 
 ble in water than the 
 baryta or strontia salt. (Marchand.) 
 
 PICRATE OF LUTIDIN. Less soluble in water 
 than the other salts of lutidin. 
 
 PICRATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 C 12 H 2 Mg (N 4 ) 3 2 + (5 Aq ?) 
 
 Very soluble in wa- 
 ter, being more solu- 
 ble than the lime 
 
 salt. Scarcely at all soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 Very difficultly soluble in cold alkaline solu- 
 tions. (Carey Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 75.) 
 
 PICRATE OF MANGANESE. Very difficultly sol- 
 C 12 H 2 Mn (N 43 ) 2 + 8 Aq uble in water. (Lea.) 
 
 PICRATE OF MANGANAMMONIUM. Very un- 
 (JlmmoniaPicrate of Manganese.') stable. (Lea, Am. 
 ]2 H 2 (NJ^)N S 14 .7. Set., (2.) 31. 
 
 85.) 
 
 PICRATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Very dif- 
 C 12 H 2 Hg 2 (N 4 ) 3 2 ficultly soluble in cold water, 
 requiring more than 1200 pts. 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 PICRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Efflores- 
 cent. Easily soluble in water. (Lea.) 
 
 PICRATE OF METHYL. Completely insoluble 
 (TerNitrAnisol. P/ienateofterNitroMelhyl. in water. 
 Isomeric witk < 'hyxanisic Acid.) 
 
 C 12 II 2 (C 2 H3)(N0 4 ) 3 2 
 
 Tolerably 
 easilv sol- 
 
 C 12 H 2 Ni (N 4 ) s 2 + 5 Aq & 8 Aq 
 
 (Marchand.) 
 PICRATE OF NICKELAMIN. 
 
 soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 Insoluble in wa- 
 
 (AmmoniaPicrate of Nickel.) 
 
 ter, but is decomposed 
 by a large quantity of 
 (Carey Lea, Am. J. Sci., 
 
 water, even in the cold. 
 (2.) 26.384.) 
 
 PICRATE OF NICOTIN. Ppt. 
 
 PICRATE OF POTASH. Soluble in not less 
 C, 2 H 2 K (N 4 ) 3 2 than 260 pts. of water at 15 
 (Liebig); in 14 pts. of boiling 
 water (Chevrenl). Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 readily soluble in hot water. (Cahours.) In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 PICRATE OF QUININE. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 PICRATE OF QUINOLEIN. Resembles in all 
 respects the picrate of anilin. (Hofmann, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 9. 174.) 
 
 PICRATE OF SILVER. Readily soluble in 
 C I2 H 2 Ag (N 4 ) 3 2 + Aq water. (Liebig.) Only 
 slightly soluble in water. 
 (Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 26. 386.) 
 
 PICRATE OF SODA. Soluble in 10 @, 14 pts. 
 C, 2 Hj Na (N 4 ) 3 O 2 of water at 15. (Liebig.) 
 Much more soluble in water 
 than the potash salt. (Cahours.) Picrate of soda 
 is the most soluble of all the alkaline picrates, but 
 is nevertheless nearly insoluble in cold, though 
 somewhat soluble in warm aqueous or alcoholic 
 alkaline solutions. (Carey Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 31. 75.) 
 
 PICRATE OF SPARTEIN. Permanent. Very 
 
 uble in warm, very sparingly soluble in cold al- c, 2 H 2 (N 2 $ H 6 . ZD)N S O 
 cohol ; much more readily soluble in a mixture of ; 
 equal parts alcohol and ether. Readily soluble in 
 cold ether. Soluble, without alteration, in warm 
 concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids. It sepa- 
 rates out from the nitric-acid solution on cooling. 
 Completely insoluble in caustic ammonia, also in- 
 soluble in very dilute solutions of potash, though 
 decomposed by stronger solutions. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 455.) 
 
 PICRATE OF " NAPHTHALIN." Superficially 
 
 C 12 H 2 (C 20 H 8 ) (N 4 ) 3 2 decomposed by cold water, 
 
 which removes picric acid, 
 
 and more freely by boiling water. Warm dilute 
 ammonia-water removes all the picric acid. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol, ether, and benzin. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 PICRATE OF NICKEL. Efflorescent. Readily I 
 
 cold, 
 somewhat more 
 
 readily, though still very sparingly soluble in boil- 
 ing water, and alcohol. 
 
 PICRATE OF STRONTIA. Easily soluble in 
 
 C 12 H 2 Sr (N 4 ) 3 2 + 5 Aq cold, and very easily 
 
 soluble in hot water. 
 
 Very slowly soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. 
 (Marchand.) The " picranisate " is sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Cahours.) 
 
 PICRATE OF UREA. Permanent. Soluble in 
 water. (Lea.) 
 
 PICRATE OF ZINC. Efflorescent. Readily 
 
 C 12 H 2 Zn (N 4 ) 3 2 + 7 Aq soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. (Manchand.) 
 
 PICRATE OF ZINC&JAMIN & OF ZINCAMMO- 
 (JlmmoniaPicrate of Zinc.) NIUM. Decomposed 
 
 by water, but is 
 nearly insoluble 
 
 C 12 H 2 ^N ^/nj N3 u therein. It is even 
 
 difficult to wash it, 
 
 without decomposition, in solutions of carbonate 
 of ammonia or dilute ammonia-water. Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in a warm aqueous solu- 
 tion of mixed ammonia and chloride of ammo- 
 nium. (Carey Lea, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. pp. 79, 
 82, 83.) 
 
 PICRIL. Insoluble in water. Very readily 
 (Kripin.) solu- 
 
 ble in 
 ether, 
 much 
 less readily soluble in alcohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 PiCRoERYTHRiN. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
512 
 
 FINITE. 
 
 n _C3oH 18 0, 4 ) n readily soluble in hoil- 
 
 ^3o u 2o"io- H j "2 in g water . Soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether ; in 
 
 cold aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, and 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, the solution 
 undergoing decomposition when heated. 
 
 PiCRoGLADCiN(from the root of Glaucium lit- 
 teum). Soluble .in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 399.) 
 
 PiCRoLiCHENiN(from Variolaria amara). Per- 
 C M H 20 M manent. Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 soluble in boiling water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, essential oils, bisulphide 
 of carbon, and in hot, fatty oils. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, and in aqueous solutions 
 of caustic ammonia and potash, and very sparingly 
 in a solution of carbonate of potash. 
 
 PICROMEL. Vid. Cholate of Soda. 
 
 PICROTOXIN (from the seeds of Menispermum 
 (PicrotHXtc Acid. Menispermin Cocculus). Permanent, 
 (of Courbe). Cocculin.) 
 
 Soluble in 150 pts. of water at 14. 
 
 25 " boiling water. (Pelletier & 
 
 Courbe ; Boullay.) 
 
 " 180 " boiling water. (Merck.) 
 " 162 " cold " 
 
 " 54 " boiling " (Duflos.) 
 " 160 " water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 stntCs Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) Soluble in 
 3 pts. of hot alcohol of 0.81 sp. gr., the solution 
 solidifying on cooling. It is precipitated from the 
 alcoholic solution on the addition of a small quan- 
 tity of water. (Boullay.) Soluble in 10 pts. of 
 cold, and in 1 pt. of boiling alcohol. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) Difficultly soluble in cold ether. (Merck.) 
 Soluble in 250 pts. of ether of 0.7 sp. gr. (Boullay) ; 
 in 2.5 pts. of ether. (Wittstein's Handw.) It is 
 not extracted from the aqueous solution by ether, 
 nor from the alcoholic solution mixed with caus- 
 tic potash, but ether abstracts it from the alcoholic 
 solution mixed with chlorhydric acid. (G. Guen- 
 kel.) Insoluble in oils, either fixed or volatile. 
 (Boullay.) 
 
 Completely soluble in concentrated acetic acid, 
 but requires 2400 pts. of distilled vinegar to dis- 
 solve it, and does not dissolve perceptibly in a 
 mixture of equal parts of distilled vinegar and 
 water. (Merck.) Acetic acid facilitates the solu- 
 tion of picrotoxin in water. (Pelletier & Courbe.) 
 Soluble in acetic acid, and in dilute acids gener- 
 ally. (Boullay.) No more soluble in dilute acids 
 tha'n in pure water, excepting acetic acid. (Pel- 
 letier & Courbe.) Abundantly soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash, soda, and ammonia. 
 (Boullay ; Pelletier & Courbe.) Soluble in warm 
 iodic acid, without neutralizing it, and crystallizes 
 out unchanged when the solution is evaporated. 
 (Serullas, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1830, (2.) 45. 276.) 
 
 PICROTOXIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Very 
 soluble in water. (Pelletier & Courbe.) 
 
 PICRYL. Vid. Picril. 
 
 PIMARIC ACID. Vid. RESiNs(of Turpentine). 
 
 PIMELIC ACID. Soluble in 35 pts. of water at 
 (Pimelemc Adri.) 18, and very 
 
 C u H w s = C u H io 6 , 2 H & + Aq soluble in boil- 
 
 i n g water. 
 
 (Laurent.) 100 pts. of water at 18 dissolve 2.56 
 pts. of it. [= 1 pt. soluble in 39.063 pts. of 
 water.] It is extremely soluble in boiling water, 
 and the solution deposits crystals on cooling ; but 
 
 a solution thus prepared by cooling still contains, 
 at 18, in 100 pts. 4.32 pts. of the acid. (Wirz, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pliarm., 1857, 104. 272.) More solu- 
 ble in water than suberic acid. (Bromeis.) Ea- 
 sily soluble in warm alcohol, and ether; also, 
 without decomposition, in warm concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Laurent.) 
 
 PIMELATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 the solution undergoing decomposition after a 
 time when left to itself, or more rapidly when 
 boiled. (Marsh.) 
 
 PIMELATE OF AMTL. Insoluble in water. 
 i c u H IO (C 10 H n ) 2 O 8 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Marsh.) 
 
 PIMELATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C u H 10 Ba^ 8 
 
 PIMELATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water, 
 C 14 H 10 Cu 2 8 or alcohol. (Marsh.) 
 
 PIMELATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. 
 C 14 H 10 (C 4 H 5 ) 2 8 
 
 II.) acid. 
 CH H n (C 4 H 5 ) 8 
 
 PIMELATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 PIMELATE OF LEAD. Ppt. Apparently in- 
 soluble in water or alcohol. (Marsh.) 
 
 PIMELATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 PIMELATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 PIMELATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in water. 
 
 PIMELATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 PIMELATE OF METHYL. 
 CH H 10 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 O 8 
 
 PIMELATE OF SILVER Insoluble in water. 
 CH H 10 Ag 2 8 
 
 PIMELATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 PIMELATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 PIMELENIC ACID. Vid. Pimelic Acid. 
 
 PIMELIN. Vid. Hydride of Acryl(Acrolein). 
 
 PINACONE. 
 
 a = C 12 H ]2 2 
 
 b = hydrated. Readily soluble in water, and 
 C 12 " Hj 2 2 -r- 2 Aq & 4 Aq & 14 Aq still more readily 
 
 in alcohol, ether, 
 
 and acetone. Soluble in cold concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. (Staedeler.) 
 
 PINIC ACID. Vid. aResin of Turpentine. 
 
 PINICORTANNIC ACID. After having been 
 C 3 2 H i923 dried it dissolves very slowly in wa- 
 
 ter. (Kawalier.) 
 
 PiNiPiCRiN. Soluble in water, and alcohol , 
 
 C 44 H^ 22 + 4 Aq also in a mixture of alcohol 
 
 and ether, but is insoluble in 
 
 pure ether. Decomposed by hot concentrated 
 
 sulphuric and chlorhydric acids. 
 
 PiNiTANNic ACID. Readily soluble in water, 
 C t4 H 8 O 8 alcohol and ether. (Kawalier.) 
 
 PINITANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt., easily soluble 
 in acetic acid. 
 
 ar from Pinus Lambertiana). Ex- 
 (Isomeric with Mannitan and Quercite.) tremelv soltl- 
 
 C i2 H i2 io = GIZ H(i f| V 1 Og ble i" water. 
 
 Almost in- 
 
 soluble in absolute alcohol ; somewhat more solu- 
 ble in boiling ordinary spirit. Insoluble in chlo- 
 roform. (Benhelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 
 78 ) Soluble in water. Very slowly soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (S. W. 
 Johnson, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 22. 8.) Abundantly 
 
PITTACAL. 
 
 513 
 
 soluble in fuming chlorhydric acid, and crystal- 
 lizes somewhat colored on cooling. 
 
 FINITE with OXIDE OF LEAD. At the moment 
 
 C,j H 8 0, IT { o + 4 A ^ its f rmat i n i* is soluble 
 Pb 4 ) 8 + L in an excess of cold water ; 
 but after having once been 
 formed it is only partially soluble, with decom- 
 position, in boiling water. 
 
 PIPERIC ACID. Almost insoluble in water. 
 
 C M H 10 8 = CM H 9 7 , H Soluble in 275 pts. of 
 
 absolute alcohol at the 
 
 ordinary temperature ; more soluble in hot alco- 
 hol. Sparingly soluble in ether. Scarcely at all 
 soluble in bisulphide of carbon or naphtha ; some- 
 what more easily soluble in benzin. (Babo & E. 
 Keller.) 
 
 PIPERATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. 
 
 PIPERATE OP AMMONIA. 
 
 C 24 H 9 (NH 4 )0 8 
 
 PIPERATE OF BARYTA. Scarcely soluble in 
 C M H 9 Ba 8 5000 pts. of cold water, more soluble 
 in hot water. 
 
 PIPERATE OF CADMIUM. 
 PIPERATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 PIPERATE OF COPPER(CU O). Ppt. 
 
 PIPERATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 Cj 8 H u 8 = 0^ H a (C H 5 ) 8 ingly soluble in 
 water. Soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 PIPERATE OF lRON(Fe O). Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 PIPERATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 PIPERATE OF LIME. Somewhat more soluble 
 in water than the baryta salt. 
 
 PIPERATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 PIPERATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 PIPERATE OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 PIPERATE OF PIPERIDIN. Soluble in water. 
 C M H 21 N 8 = C M H 9 (N j gio HIO" . H )0 8 
 
 PIPERATE OF POTASH. Difficultly soluble 
 C M H 9 K 8 in cold, easily soluble in boiling water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Al- 
 most insoluble in ether. 
 
 PIPERATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water, or 
 CM H 9 Ag 8 alcohol. 
 
 PIPERATE OF SODA. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, easily soluble in hot water. Alcohol pre- 
 cipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 
 PIPERATE OF STRONTIA. Ppt. 
 
 PIPERATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 PIPERIDIC UREA. Vid. Cyanate of Piperidin. 
 
 PIPERIDIN. Soluble in all proportions in wa- 
 
 (Piperylamm.) ter. Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 C 10 H n N = N i ~IO H IO and, with combination, in 
 
 acids. (Cahours, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 38. 78.) 
 
 PIPERIN. Permanent. Extremely sparingly 
 (PiperylPipericylamid.) soluble in the neutral 
 
 CM H 18 N 6 = N I Sw 10" solvents. Soluble, 
 
 ( l->24 -"Q \Jfi ..I 1_ . . 
 
 with combination, in 
 
 alcohol acidulated with chlorhydric acid. (Bou- 
 chardat, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 227.) Insolu- 
 ble, or very sparingly soluble in cold water, but is 
 slightly soluble in hot water,from which it separates 
 oat on cooling. (Pelletier; Oersted.) Soluble in 30 
 pts. of cold, and in 1 pt. of hot alcohol. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) More readily soluble in hot than in cold 
 
 65 
 
 alcohol, a precipitate being produced in this solu- 
 tion on the addition of water. (Pelletier.) Solu- 
 ble in 60 pts. of ether (Merck) ; in 100 pts. of 
 ether. (Wittstein's Handw.) Soluble in the 
 essential oils. (Pelletier.) Readily soluble in 
 acetic acid, from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. (Pelletier; Merck.) Abun- 
 dantly soluble in warm creosote, and remains dis- 
 solved when the solution has become cold. (Rei- 
 chenbach.) Not perceptibly soluble in dilute 
 mineral acids. (Pelletier ; Dulong ; Regnault.) 
 
 Soluble, in the fatty and essential oils. Insolu- 
 ble in alkaline solutions. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water ; also soluble in warm con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid, and, without decom- 
 position, in chloric acid. 
 
 Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in hot 
 spirit. Tolerably soluble in ether. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 PIPERYLBENZOYLAMID. Easily soluble in al- 
 (PiperylBenzamid. BenzoPiperid.) cohol. (Ca- 
 
 C 24 H 15 N 2 = N \ 1 H 10 n hours, Ann. Ch. 
 
 ?C 14 H 5 2 et ph 
 
 38. 87.) 
 PiPERYLCuMYLAMiD. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Piperyl Cuminamid. ) 
 Cso H 21 N0 2 = N j%^fo 2 
 
 PlPERYLSULPHpCARBAMATE OF PlPERIDIN. 
 
 (Piperidin, with Sulphide of Carbon. Easily Soluble 
 SulphoCarbonyldiPipegjlbiamic Acid.) ; n alcohol> espe . 
 
 C 22 H 22 N 2 S 4 = N 2 } (0 10 2 H 10 <<) 2 . S 2 "ally when this 
 ( H 2 is warm. (Ca- 
 
 hours, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 38. 89.) . 
 
 PIPERYLUREA. Vid. Cyanate of Piperidin. 
 
 PIPITZAHOIC ACID. Permanent, Almost in- 
 C 30 H 20 O a = Cgo H 19 , H soluble in water. Ea- 
 sily soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, and ether; also soluble in spirit, but 
 ivater precipitates it from its alcoholic, solution. 
 
 The alkaline pipitzahoates are easily soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. (Weld, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 95. 188.) 
 
 PIPITZAHOATE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. (Weld, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 PIRITZAHOATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in 
 C 30 H 19 Cu0 6 water Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Weld, loc. cit.) 
 
 PIPITZAHOATE OF LEAD. Soluble in alcohol. 
 H 18 Pb s G 
 
 PIPITZAHOATE OF POTASH. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 PIPITZAHOATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in wa- 
 Cgo H 19 Ag 6 ter. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Weld, loc. cit.) 
 
 PIPITZAHOATE OF SODA. Soluble in alcohol. 
 PiTAYiN(from China pitaya or pitoya) . Soluble 
 (Pitoyln.) in water, and alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 PITTACAL Permanent. Insoluble in water, 
 alcohol, ether, eupion, or aqueous alkaline solu- 
 tions. Soluble in dilute sulphuric, and chlorhy- 
 dric acids. Abundantly soluble in acetic acid. 
 Decomposed by nitric acid. (Reicheubach.) 
 PITYXYLONIC ACID. Difficultly soluble in 
 jH^Og cold, easily soluble in boiling water. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 aqueous alkaline solutions. (Wittstein.) 
 
 PlTYXYLONATE OF LEAD. Somewhat Soluble 
 
 B H 20 8 , Pb in water. 
 
514 
 
 PLATINOSULPHOCYANIDES. 
 
 "PLATINAMIN "(of Gerhardt). Vid. Oxide of 
 Platin (!c)ammonium. 
 
 PLATINIC ACID. Vid. WnOxide of Platinum. 
 
 PLATINATE OF BAKYTA. Ppt. 
 
 PLATINATE OF POTASH. There are two com- 
 pounds, one of which is soluble in water, while the 
 other is insoluble in water and difficultly soluble 
 in strong chlorhydric acid. (Tennant; Berzelius.) 
 
 PLATINATE OF SODA. Soluble in oxalic acid, 
 NaO, 3Pt 2 + 6Aq and in dilute nitric acid. Di- 
 lute oxygen acids dissolve out 
 the soda. (Weiss & Dcebereiner.) 
 
 PLATINATE OF STEONTIA. 
 
 PLATINICUM. Platinum as it exists in the 
 pt = Pt" platim'c compounds. 
 
 PLATINOUS ACID. Vid. pro<0xide of Platinum. 
 
 PLATINITE OF POTASH. 
 
 PLATINITE OF SODA. Before drying it is sol- 
 uble in nitric acid. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 PLATINOCYANHYDRIC ACID. Deliquescent. 
 H Cy Pt Cy + 5 Aq Very soluble in water, absolute 
 alcohol, and ether. (Dcebe- 
 reiner. ) 
 
 PLATINOCYANIDE OF X. ) Vid. Cyanide of X, 
 
 PLATINICYANIDE OF X. ) with protoCy&uiAe 
 of Platinum. 
 
 PLATiNOsesguzCYANiiYDRic ACID. The plati- 
 nosesquicyanhydrates are all soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 PLATINOSeS^UzCYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. More 
 
 (N H 4 ) 2 Pt 2 Cy 5 + 5 Aq soluble than the potassium 
 salt in water. (Weselsky.) 
 
 PLATINOSeSf/Uz'CYANIDE OF LlTHIUM. More 
 
 Li 2 Pt 2 Cy 5 + 6 Aq soluble than the ammonium 
 salt in water, and alcohol. 
 (Weselsky.) 
 
 PLATINOSeSgUl'CrANIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Sol- 
 
 Mg 2 Ptj Cy 5 + 14 Aq uble in water. ( Weselsky.) 
 
 PLATINOSeS^UzCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Ea- 
 (Same as Knop's " 2 K Cy, Pt 2 Cy 8 ." sily soluble in 
 K 2 Pt 2 Cy 5 + 6 Aq water. ( We- 
 
 selsky.) Easily 
 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Knop, 
 in Berzelius' s Lehrb.) 
 
 PLATINOPLATINI CYANIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 Deliquescent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 PLATINOPLATINI CYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
 C 22 N n (N H 4 ) 6 Pt 5 = N H< Cy, 5 (N H<, Pt Cy 2 ) Very 
 
 solu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANlDE OF BARIUM. Sol- 
 
 C 22 N u Ba Pt 5 = Ba Cy, 5 (Ba, Pt Cy 2 ) uble in 33 pts. 
 
 of water at 16, 
 and more readily in hot water. (Quadrat.) 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF CALCIUM. Ea- 
 
 C 22 N u Cag Pt 5 sily soluble in water. 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF COPPER. In- 
 
 C 22 N u Cu 6 Pt 6 soluble in water, or in concen- 
 trated chlorhydric or dilute nitric 
 acid. Soluble in ammonia-water. (Quadrat.) 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF IRON. Ppt 
 
 C 22 N u Fe 9 Pt 6 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF LEAD. Some- 
 
 C 22 N u Pb 6 Pt B what soluble in boiling water. 
 (Quadrat.) 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 C N u Mgo Pt 5 Soluble in 3.4 pts. of water at 1 6. 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (Quadrat.) 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 C 22 N u K 6 Pt 6 + 21 Aq Efflorescent. Soluble in 
 3 pts. of water at 16, and 
 
 in much less boiling water; less soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Quadrat.) 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF SODIUM. Sol- 
 
 C 22 N n Na t ,Pt 5 uble in water. (Quadrat.) 
 
 PLATINOPLATINlCYANIDE OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 Soluble 'in water. (Quadrat.) 
 
 PLATINOPYRIDIN. 
 
 N J'0 H5 '" orN ) C io H 3 PV" 
 
 PLATINO&l'SULPHOCYANHYDRIC AdD. Solu- 
 (HydroPlatinobiSulpho Cyanic Acid.) ble in water. By 
 
 evaporation, the 
 
 solution is quickly decomposed. (Buckton. J. 
 Ch. Soc., 7. 35.) 
 
 PLATINO&Z'SULPHOCYANIDE OF (ftPLATOSAM- 
 
 \r S Pt MONIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 N. 
 
 freely soluble in dilute 
 chlorhydric acid. (Buckton, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 39.) 
 
 PLATINO&t'SuLPHOCYANIDE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 PLATINOWSULPHOCYANIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. Readily soluble in acetic and 
 other acids. 
 
 PLATINOfo'SULPHoCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 KPt2(CyS 2 ) Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 2.5 pts. of water at 15.5, and still 
 more readily soluble at higher temperatures. Sol- 
 uble to any extent in warm alcohol. (Buckton, 
 loc.cit., p. 32.) 
 
 PLATINO&i'SuLPHOCYANIDE OF SlLVER. Sol- 
 
 Ag, Pt 2 (Cy S 2 ) uble in an aqueous solution of 
 sulphocyanide of potassium ; this 
 solution undergoes decomposition when diluted 
 with water. Partially soluble, with decomposition, 
 in ammonia-water. (Buckton, loc. cit.) 
 
 PLATINOterSuLPHOCYANHi'DRIC AdD. Solu- 
 (Hydro Platino ter Svlpho Cyanic Acid.) ble in alcohol, 
 
 and water. The 
 
 solution is decomposed when evaporated upon a 
 water-bath. (Buckton, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 30.) 
 
 PLATINOterSULPHOCYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 N H 4) Pt 3 (Cy S 2 ) Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Buckton, loc. cit.) 
 
 PLATINOterSULPHOCYANIDE OF BARIUM. Sol- 
 
 uble in water, and in hot alcohol. (Buckton, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 PLATINOterSULPHOCYANIDE OF COPPER. In- 
 
 soluble in water. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Buckton, loc. cit.) 
 
 PLATINOterSULPHOCYANIDE OF IRON. Insol- 
 
 Fe, Pt 3 (Cy S 2 ) uble in water, or alcohol. (Buck- 
 ton, loc. cit.) Unacted upon by 
 dilute sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric acids. De- 
 composed by strong nitric acid. 
 
 PLATINOterSULPHOCYANIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in alcohol, less soluble in 
 cold water. Decomposed by hot water. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water or. alcohol. Read- 
 Pb, Pt 3 (Cy S 2 ) ; Pb ily soluble in acetic and ni- 
 tric acids. (Buckton, loc. 
 cit., p. 30.) 
 
 PLATINOterSULPHOCYANIDE OF MERCURY 
 
 Hg 2 , Pt 3 (Cy S 2 ) (Hg 2 ). Insoluble, or nearly in- 
 soluble in water. (Buckton, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
POPULIN. 
 
 515 
 
 PLATINO<erSuLPHOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 K, Pt3(Cy S 2 ) Permanent. Soluble in 12 pts. of 
 
 water at 15.5; far more soluble 
 
 in boiling water; and still more soluble in hot 
 
 alcohol. (Buckton, loc. cit., p. 23.) 
 
 PLATINOterSuLPHOCYANIDE OF SlLVER. In- 
 
 Ag, Pt 3 (Cy S 2 ) soluble in water, or in an aque- 
 ous solution of platinotersulpho- 
 cyaiiide of potassium. Soluble in cold ammonia- 
 water, but decomposes when the solution is 
 heated. (Buckton, loc. cit., p. 28.) Soluble in 
 snlphocyanide of potassium. 
 
 PLATINOferSULPHOCYANIDE OF SODIUM. 
 
 Na, Pt 3 (Cy S 2 ) Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 PLATINOSUM. Platinum as it exists in platin- 
 Pt = Pt' ous compounds. 
 
 PLATiNRESiN(of Zeise). Mixture of several 
 compounds ; for its behavior with solvents, see 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 33. 66 et seq. 
 
 PLATINUM. Unacted upon by water, or by sul- 
 Pt phuric, chlorhydric, or other simple acids, 
 even when these are concentrated and boiling. 
 When pure it is not attacked by nitric acid, but 
 when alloyed with metals it is generally some- 
 what soluble therein. Much less readily soluble 
 than gold in aqua-regia. Soluble in chlorine- 
 water. 
 
 A mixture of chlorhydric and nitric acids, so 
 long as these acids are not sufficiently concen- 
 trated, or the temperature is so low that they can- 
 not react upon each other, has no action upon 
 platinum, nor does the addition of chlorine to the 
 mixture occasion any action upon the metal, but 
 if a few drops of a solution of nitrite of potash, or 
 some nitrous acid be added, the action begins. 
 (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 102.) Com- 
 pletely, though difficultly, soluble in aqua-regia. 
 (Glaus, Beitrage, p. 37.) Platinum dissolves in 
 the course of time in iodhydric acid, but no sen- 
 sible quantity of hydrogen is disengaged. (H. 
 Deville, C. R., 1856, 42. 896.) 
 
 PLATINUM & SiLVER(alloy). Hot sulphuric 
 acid dissolves out the silver without acting upon 
 the platinum. Nitric acid dissolves some platinum 
 with the silver. (D'Arcet.) 
 
 PLATOSAMIN compounds. Vid. Compounds of 
 (Base of the id series Platin(oMs)ammonium. 
 of Reiset's salts.) 
 
 N ) H 3 
 f fPt' 
 
 A'PLATOSAMIN compounds. Vid. Compounds 
 (Baseofthe Istseries o f Platin(ous)c?mmin. 
 of Reisers salts.) 
 
 *,]ife 
 
 PLATOSOPTRIDIN. 
 
 N | C 10 H 4 Pt"' 
 
 PLUMBAGiN(frotn Plumbago Europcea). Scarce- 
 ly at all soluble in cold, much more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric and nitric 
 acids, from which solutions it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. 
 
 PLUMBIC ACID. Fzrf.perOxideof Lead(PbC-2). 
 
 PLUMBATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 (Fremy, loc. cit.) 
 
 PLUMBATE OF LEAD. Vid. SesquiOxiAe of 
 (Red Lead. Minium.) Lead. 
 
 PLUMBATE OF LIME. Insoluble in water. 
 (Fremy, loc. cit.) Permanent. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. When treated with nitric acid the lime is 
 dissolved out. (Crum.) 
 
 PLUMBATE OF POTASH. Very deliquescent. 
 K 0, Pb O 2 -t- 3 Aq Decomposed by pure water, 
 but is soluble, without decom- 
 position, in alkaline liquors. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 490.) When the clear solution is 
 diluted with much water it suffers decomposition, 
 Pb 2 being precipitated. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 PLUMBATE OF SODA. Decomposed by pure 
 water; sparingly soluble in alkaline liquors. 
 (Fremy, loc. cit.) 
 
 PLUMBC&ETHYL. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C 8 H to Pb = Pb (C 4 H 6 ) 2 in ether. (Buckton.) Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 .Dz'PLUMBfrvETHYL. Insoluble in water. Very 
 C 12 H 1B Pb 2 = Pb 2 (C 4 H s ) 3 easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 PLUMBIDE OF ETHYL. Vid. PlumbEthyl. 
 PLUMBIDE OF IRON. 
 
 PLUMBIDE OF SODIUM. Slowly decomposed 
 by water. 
 
 PLUMBOUS ACID. Vid. protOxide of Lead. 
 
 PLUMBITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 PLUMBITE OF BARYTA. Almost insoluble in 
 water. (Dumas, 2V.) 
 
 PLUMBITE OF LIME. Slightly soluble in 
 water. (Karsten.) 
 
 PLUMBITE OF NICKEL? Exceedingly diffi- 
 cultly soluble in nitric acid. Readily soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Tupputi, Ann. de Chim., 1811, 
 78. 143.) 
 
 PLUMBITE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 PLUMBITE OF SODA. Soluble in water. (Du- 
 mas, Tr.) 
 
 PLUMBITE OF STRONTIA. Almost insoluble 
 in water. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 PNEUMIC ACID. Identical with Taurin, q. v. 
 POLEIN. Vid. Melam. 
 POLYCHROIT. Vid. Safranin. 
 POLYCHREST SALT. Vid. Sulphate of Potash. 
 POLYCHROMATIC ACID. Vid. Chrysammic 
 Acid. 
 POLYGALIC ACID. Vid. Saponin. 
 
 POPULIN. Soluble in 1896 pts. of water at 9 ; 
 (BenwylSalidn.) more readily soluble in hot 
 C 40 H 22 16 + 4 Aq water, and in alcohol. Scarcely 
 at all soluble in ether. Unacted 
 on by cold, decomposed by boiling nitric acid. 
 Soluble in cold > dilute chlorhydric acid, but the 
 solution is decomposed by boiling. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies and alkaline earths. (Piria, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 96. 375.) Soluble in about 2000 pts. of 
 cold, and in 70 pts. of boiling water. (Bracon- 
 not.) Less soluble in a cold saturated solution of 
 chloride of sodium than in pure water. 
 
 Soluble in 100 pts. of absolute alcohol at 14 @ 
 15. (Biot & Pasteur.) Much more abundantly 
 soluble in boiling alcohol than in boiling water. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in ether. Easily soluble in 
 cold concentrated acetic acid, from which it is 
 partially reprecipitated on the addition of water, 
 and completely by alkalies. (Braconnot.) Easily 
 soluble, without decomposition, in cold acids, not 
 too concentrated, being partially precipitated there- 
 from by water, and completely by alkalies. (Bra- 
 connot ; Koninck.) Soluble in aqueous alkaline 
 solutions. (Koninck.) 
 
516 
 
 PROPYLAL. 
 
 POPULIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. (Koninck.) 
 
 PORPHYRIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in pure 
 C 20 H 4 N 2 M = C 20 H 3 (N 4 ) 2 5 , H water ; insol- 
 
 uble in acidu- 
 
 lated water. Insoluble in cold, somewhat soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. 
 
 PORPHTRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in pure 
 C 20 H s (N H 4 ) (N O 4 ) 2 6 water. Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of car- 
 bonate of ammonia. 
 
 II.) acid. Somewhat soluble in boiling, less 
 soluble in cold water. 
 
 PORPHYRATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 PORPHYRATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 PORPHYRATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PORPHYRATE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PORPHYRATE OF SILVER. 
 
 PoRPHYROXiN(from Bengal Opium). Easily 
 soluble in spirit, ether, and dilute acids. (Merck, 
 Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 204.) 
 
 POTASH, j ^ pnxOxide of Potassium. 
 
 POTASSA. ) 
 
 POTASSAMID. Gradually deliquesces, with de- 
 < H 2 composition. Decomposed by water.with 
 I K evolution of heat, also decomposed by al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in and unacted upon 
 by dry petroleum. 
 
 TnPoTASSAMiD. Vid. Nitride of Potassium. 
 
 POTASSIUM. Decomposes water, alcohol, ether, 
 K and as a rule, all liquids which contain oxygen. 
 Insoluble in and unacted upon by dry naphtha, 
 petroleum, and similar hydrocarbons. 
 
 As a rule, the compounds of potassium are less 
 soluble than those of ammonium (Dumas) ; but 
 all of its salts are soluble in water, and most of 
 them are readily soluble. 
 
 PouRpRiT(of Batilliat). (Blackish red coloring 
 matter in the sediment of old wines). Insoluble 
 in water. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 and is precipitated therefrom on the addition of 
 water. Soluble in 150 pts. of alcohol, of 80%; 
 less soluble in stronger alcohol. Quite insoluble in 
 ether. (Batilliat, Traite sur les Vins de la France.) 
 
 PRiMULiN(from Primula veris). Easily soluble 
 in water. Also soluble in alcohol, but the less 
 readily in proportion as this is stronger. Insolu- 
 ble uTether. (Huenefeld.) 
 
 PROPIONAMID. 
 
 (Metacetamid. Nitride of Propianyl.) 
 
 " r Oj 
 
 Crr 
 6 H, 
 
 _ r 
 
 2 = IN 
 
 PROPIONAMIC ACID. Identical with Alanin, 
 q. v. 
 
 PROPIONE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in all 
 (Eikylide of Propianyl.) proportions in alcohol, and 
 c w H 10 O z = 6 5 2 > ether. ( Morley, J. Ch. Soc., 
 4. 5.) 
 
 PROPIONIC AciD(Anhydrous). Insoluble in 
 (Propionic Anhydride.) water. (Limpricht & v. 
 
 C 12 H ]0 B = ft g" \ Uslar, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 ^H 5 o 3 5 94<322) 
 
 PROPIONIC ACID. Soluble in all proportions 
 
 (MetAcetonic A aid. Met Ace tic Acid.) in water. (Red- 
 C 6 H 6 4 = C 6 H 5 3 , H O tenbacher.) Sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Nickles.) 
 
 Most of the salts of propionic acid are soluble 
 in water. 
 
 PROPIONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 PROPIONATE OF AMYL. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 6 H s (C 10 H u ) 4 water. Soluble in alcohol, in 
 all proportions, and in ether. 
 (Wrightson, Phil. Mag., (4.) 6. 98.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF BARYTA. Very easily solu- 
 C 6 H s Ba 4 + Aq ble in water, especially when 
 this is hot. (Bcehme.) Soluble 
 in 1.3 pts. of water at 16. Almost insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 92. 87.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF BROMALLYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (Hemibromhydrin.) water. Soluble in 
 
 C 12 H 9 Br 4 = C H B ( C B H 4 Br) o 4 ether. ( Berthelot 
 
 & De Luca, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 304.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF COPPER. Easily soluble in 
 C g H 5 Cu 4 + Aq water. (Wrightson, Phil. Mag., 
 (4.) 6.98.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 6 H s (C 4 H 6 ) 4 
 
 PROPIONATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquesces in damp air. Soluble 
 C 6 H s pb0 4 in water. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 92. 89.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 C 8 H s Pb 4 ; Pb (Frankland & Kolbe.) Some- 
 what soluble in water. (Streek- 
 er, loc. cit.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF LIME. Apparently efflores- 
 C 6 H 5 Ca 4 + Aq cent. (Strecker.) Permanent. 
 (Wrightson, Ann. Ch. u. Phnrm., 
 9O. 44.) Readily soluble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Strecker, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 
 92. 88.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Strecker.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 C 8 H 5 K 4 uble in water. Less soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, and still less soluble in 
 ether. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 92. 86.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF SILVER. Soluble in boiling 
 
 c e H s A 8 4 water, but less soluble in water than the 
 
 acetate of silver. (Frankland & Kolbe.) 
 
 PROPIONATE OF SODA. Deliquescent. Very 
 C 6 H 5 Na 4 + 2 Aq soluble in water. (Dumas. ) 
 
 PROPIONIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Pro- 
 
 pyi- 
 
 PROPIONIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of 
 Propionyl. 
 
 PROPIONSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. SulphoPro- 
 pionic Acid. 
 
 PROPTL. 
 
 (Trityl(of Qerhardt).) 
 
 PROPYLAL. Miscible with water, alcohol, and 
 
 (Isomeric with Acetone, Propylic ether. (Limpricht, 
 Aldehyde, and Allylalcohol.) _4nn Ch U Pharm. 
 
 C H 94.326.') ' 
 
 PROPYLALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Propyl. 
 
PTELEIC ACID. 
 
 517 
 
 PROPYLAMIN. Readily soluble in water. (Ber- 
 
 (Tritijlamm. MetAcetamin. Oenyl- thelot & De Lu- 
 TritylAmmomum. Secalin.) ca _j Soluble in 
 
 water. Most of 
 
 = N H 2 (C, H 7 ) 
 
 its salts are soluble in water, and alcohol. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 418.) 
 
 PROPYLENE. 
 
 (Jlletacene. Tritylene, I someric with Hydride of Ally I.) 
 C 8 H o" 
 
 Name of solvent used. 
 
 o(Propylene 
 (C B 5 I). 
 1 vol. of the 
 solvent ab- 
 sorbs gas. 
 
 Nature of the Gas experimented upon. 
 
 Containing 
 
 2 % of air. Containing 7 % of Containing 55 % 
 from lodo- air, prepared from of air, prepared 
 Propylene. Glycerin. from Glycerin. 
 
 Observations. 
 
 1 vol. of the 
 solvent ab- 
 sorbs gas. 
 
 1 vol. of the 
 solvent ab- 
 sorbs gas. 
 
 1 vol. of the 
 solvent ab- 
 sorbs 
 
 Water iV to Tff 
 
 f If a saturated aqueous 
 solution of sulphate of 
 soda be added to this 
 solution, nothing is dis- 
 engaged except on 
 boiling, when the gas 
 is evolved. 
 
 Ordinary alcohol 6 vols 
 
 Absolute alcohol . 12 to 13 vols 7 vols 
 
 Amyl alcohol 
 Oleine 
 
 Acetic acid (glacial) 
 
 Oil of turpentine . 
 
 D/chloride of copper, 
 dissolved in chlorhy- 
 dric acid 
 
 Ether 17 vols. 
 
 18 vols. . 15 vols. 
 
 ( On the addition of 
 . . . ? water, -| of the gas is 
 ( disengaged. 
 
 8 vols Disengaged by ebullition. 
 
 8 to 10 vols Disengaged on heating. 
 
 ( When 1 vol. water is 
 . . . . } added, J of the gas is 
 
 ( disengaged. 
 . 4 vols. . 
 
 about 6 Vols. 
 
 16 vols. 
 
 Disengaged by ebulli- 
 
 about 3 vols. . 2 vols. 
 
 ol 
 
 16 vols. 
 
 13 to 14 vols. . 5 vols. 
 
 ethylene in this men- 
 struum. 
 
 Partially disengaged 
 when the solution is 
 mixed with much water. 
 
 8 to 12 vols. about 10 vols. 
 
 n i i_-j f u ( more than ) 
 Sulphide of carbon j 13 V ols. \ 
 
 Chloroform (of ^ 
 
 commerce) 
 
 Benzin (crys- ( more than ) 
 
 tallizable) \ 13 vois. ) 
 
 Very little is absorbed by syrupy phosphoric 
 acid. It is entirely absorbed by concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, also by fuming sulphuric acid. At 
 ordinary temperatures it is slowly absorbed by 
 fuming chlorhydric acid, with combination ; this 
 absorption is rapid at 100. Very soluble in alco- 
 hol and in most inflammable liquids. Much more 
 soluble in the neutral solvents than most other 
 gases, even than olefiant gas. (Berthelot & De 
 Luca, Ann. CIi. et Phys., (3.) 43. pp. 276, 404.) Al- 
 most as soluble in monohydrated sulphuric acid as 
 carbonic acid is in potash : 35 grammes of this 
 acid can absorb nearly 4 litres of the gas (200 
 vols. = of an equivalent). When this solution 
 is diluted with water, no gas is evolved, but the 
 solution becomes somewhat cloudy. (Berthelot, 
 Ibid., (3.) 43. 399.) By ebullition it is disen- 
 gaged from its solutions. (Berthelot, Ibid., (3.) 
 61. 69.) 
 
 PROPYLIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Pro- 
 
 pyi. 
 
 PROPYLIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Pro- 
 pionyl. 
 
 PROPYLGLYCOL. Soluble in all proportions in 
 C H g = c n " i water, and alcohol. 
 
 "2 / 
 
 " PROPYLOXYSULPHOCARBONATE OF X." 
 
 Vid. OxySnlphoCarbonate of X & of Propyl. 
 
 PROPYLWSULPHOCARBONATE OF X." Vid. 
 
 OxySulphoCarbonate of X& of Propyl. 
 
 18 vols. 
 
 PROPYLSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. SulphoPro- 
 pylic Acid. 
 
 PRUSSIC ACID. Vid. Cyanhydric Acid. 
 PSEUDERYTHRIN. Vid. Orscllatc of Ethyl. 
 
 PsEUDoAcETic ACID. Vid. ButyroAcetic 
 Acid ; compare Propionic Acid, with which it is 
 almost, if not quite identical. 
 
 PsEUDoMoRPHiNE. Soluble in 800 <g> 900 pts. 
 (Phormia.) of cold, and in 12.5 pts. of hot 
 C 27 H 18 N O ]4 water. Still less soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. No more soluble in 
 ammonia-water than in cold water, but easily 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of potash and soda. 
 Almost insoluble in absolute alcohol, though 
 somewhat soluble in spirit of 0.833 sp. gr. Al- 
 most insoluble in weak acids. (Pelletier.) 
 
 PSEUDORCIN. Vid. ErythroMannite. 
 
 PsEUDoScLPHoCYANOGEN. Vid. PerSulpho- 
 C 6 H N 3 S Cyanogen. 
 
 PsEUDOTOxiN(from the leaves of Atropa bella- 
 donna). Soluble in water, and spirit. Insoluble 
 in absolute alcohol or in ether. (Brandes/) 
 
 PsEUDoVERATRiN(from Veratrum sabadilla). 
 (Hcllnnin. Veratrin resin.) Insoluble in water, ether, 
 C u H 9 N 3 or aqueous alkaline solu- 
 
 tions. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 PTELEIC ACID. All of its salts are soluble in 
 C, H 4 water. (Kane.) 
 
518 
 
 PURPUIUN. 
 
 PTERITANNIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Ea- 
 C M H M 7 , H sily soluble in strong alcohol, and 
 ether ; less soluble in weak alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in naphtha, or in fatty or essential 
 oils. (Luck.) 
 
 PTERITANNATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 (EthylPteritannic Acid.) ter. Easily soluble in 
 
 C 4 H s 0. H 0, 2 C M H 14 7 alcohol, with subsequent 
 
 decomposition. Easily 
 
 soluble in ether. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which it is reprecipitated on the 
 addition of water. Soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 (Luck.) 
 
 PTERITANNATE OF ETHYL & OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 PTERITANNATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. 
 C 24 H 14 Pb 8 
 
 II.) sesquibasic. Ppt. 
 2 C 24 H 14 Pb 8 ; Pb 0, H 
 
 III.) acid. Ppt. 
 C 24 H 14 Pb0 8 ; C 24 H 1B 8 
 
 PuNiciNffrom Punica granatum). Soluble in 
 acids. (Righini.) 
 
 PURPLE OF CASSIUS. See Stannate of Gold. 
 
 PURPURIC ACID. Unknown. 
 C M H 5 N 5 
 
 PURPURATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 1500 
 
 (Murtxld.) pts. of water. (Prout) ; 
 
 C 18 H 4 (N H 4 ) N 6 12 + 2 Aq in 3000 pts. of water at 
 
 15, and in a much 
 
 smaller quantity of hot water. (Vauquelin.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 0.066 pts. of it. 
 (lire's Diet.) Insoluble in alcohol, or ether. 
 (Prout ; Kodweiss.) Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash. Not perceptibly soluble in 
 a saturated aqueous solution of carbonate of am- 
 monia. (Liebig & Woehler.) Easily soluble, 
 without decomposition, in strong acetic acid. 
 (Kodweiss.) Insoluble in glacial acetic acid. 
 (Gm.) Decomposed by mineral acids. 
 
 PURPURATE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. (Prout.) 
 
 PURPURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 PURPURATE OF LIME. Scarcely at all soluble 
 in water, being less soluble in cold water than the 
 baryta or strontia salt, but more soluble in hot 
 water. (Prout.) 
 
 PURPURATE OF MAGNESIA. Very soluble in 
 water. (Prout.) 
 
 PORPURATE OF NicoTiN. Insoluble, or but 
 sparingly soluble in water. Decomposed by al- 
 cohol. Soluble in cold, moderately dilute potash- 
 lye. (Schwarzenbach.) 
 
 PURPURATE OF POTASH. Sparingly soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic potash, and still 
 less soluble in solutions of nitrate of potash and of 
 other salts. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 PURPURATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C J8 H 4 AgN 6 12 + 3Aq 
 
 II.) di. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 8 Ag 2 N 5 12 
 
 III.) tetra. Ppt. 
 e l6 H s Ag 2 N 5 12 ;2AgO 
 
 PURPURATE OF SODA. Soluble in 3000 pts. 
 of water at 15. (Prout.) 
 
 PURPURATE OF STRONTIA. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. (Prout.) 
 
 ' PuRPUREoCoBALT. The salts of purpureo- 
 6 N H s . Co, cobalt are generally less soluble than 
 
 those of roseocobalt. Their neutral solutions are 
 readily decomposed by heat. 
 PURPURIN. Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 
 (Madder Purple. Oxylizaric Acid.) (Gaultier &Per- 
 C 18 H 6 = C lg H 4 4 , 2 H & + Aq soz .) Sparing- 
 ly soluble in 
 
 cold water. (Runge ; Debus.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold, more readily soluble in hot water. 
 (Schiel; Debus.) From the hot aqueous solu- 
 tion it does not separate out again on cooling. 
 (Runge.) More easily soluble than alizarin in 
 warm water. (Strecker, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 254.) 
 After having been moistened with alcohol it dis- 
 solves more readily in water. (Schiel.) Soluble 
 in absolute alcohol. (Runge.) Soluble in cold, 
 and more abundantly in hot alcohol. ( Wolff & 
 Strecker.) Soluble both in strong alcohol and 
 weak spirit. (Strecker, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 254.) Very 
 readily soluble in ether. (Gaultier & Persoz; 
 Runge.) Soluble in ether. (Strecker, loc. cit.) 
 Readily soluble in an aqueous solution of alum 
 (Colh/& Robiquet), when this is hot and concen- 
 trated (Strecker, loc. cit.), and in solutions of the 
 salts of alumina, and of aluminate of potash 
 (Gaultier & Persoz), of cold sulphide of ammo- 
 nium (G. & P.), and of caustic ammonia (Runge), 
 of the caustic alkalies (G. & P. ; Runge ; Schiel ; 
 Wolff & Strecker ; Strecker, loc. cit.), and in all 
 proportions in a solution of protoxide of tin in 
 caustic potash. (G. & P.) Insoluble in cold 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline carbonates 
 (Wolff & Strecker), but is dissolved by hot solu- 
 tions, from which it separates again on cooling. 
 (G. & P.) Insoluble in the cold, but soluble in a 
 boiling concentrated solution of carbonate of soda. 
 (Strecker, loc. cit.) Insoluble in a solution of 
 chloride of tin. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid (Strecker, loc. cit.), from which it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of a quantity of water equal 
 to \ 18) J of the sulphuric-acid solution . (Schiel.) 
 Even when the latter is heated to 110 the pur- 
 purin is not changed, but is again separated when 
 the hot solution is slowly poured into cold water. 
 (Schiel.) It dissolves unchanged in hot fuming 
 sulphuric acid, and is not decomposed until the 
 temperature has reached 200. (Debus.) When 
 boiled with dilute acids, a yellow solution is 
 formed, from which it separates on cooling. 
 (Runge.) 
 
 The compounds of purpurin with metallic 
 oxides, excepting those of potash, soda, and am- 
 monia, are insoluble in water or alcohol. (De- 
 bus.) Its compounds with the alkalies are insol- 
 uble in the aqueous solutions of many salts, and 
 in a cold strong solution of carbonate of soda. 
 (Strecker, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 255.) 
 
 PURPURIN wifh OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 5 C 18 H B 6 , 6 Pb in water, or alcohol. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of caus- 
 tic potash, and in acetic acid. (Debus.) 
 
 PYRENE. Vid. ParaNaphthalin. 
 
 PYRIDIN. Soluble in all proportions in water. 
 N \ c H '" Readily soluble in the fixed and 
 
 ( 10 5 volatile oils. Readily soluble in 
 acids, with combination, forming 
 salts which are for the most part easily soluble in 
 water. (Anderson.) 
 
 PYRoAcETic ETHER. 
 
 PYROACETIC SPIRIT. 
 
 PYROACETIC OIL. Vid. Dumasin. 
 
 PYRoAcoNiTlc ACID. Vid. Itaconic Acid. 
 
 PYROALIZARIC ACID. Vid. Pthalic Acid 
 (Anhydrous). 
 
 Vid. Acetone. 
 
PYROMECONATES. 
 
 519 
 
 Vid. Lophin. 
 PYROCATECIIIN. ) Vid. OxyPhenic 
 
 PYROCATECHUSIC ACID. ) Acid. 
 
 PYROClTRAMID. 
 C 10 H 8 N 2 4 
 
 PYROCITRIC AciD(of Robiquet). Vid. Citra- 
 conic Acid. 
 
 PYROCITRIC Acio(of Lassaigne). Vid. Ita- 
 conic Acid. 
 
 PYROCITRIC CHLORIDE. Vid. ChloroPyro- 
 C, H 4 4) C1 2 Citryl. 
 
 PYROCITRIMID. Vid. Citraconimid. . 
 
 PYROCOMENIC ACID. Vid. ParaComenic 
 Acid. 
 
 PYROCONIIN. Soluble, with combination, in 
 acetic acid. (J. D. Morries.) 
 
 PYRODEXTRIN. Permanent. Very readily 
 (FyroGlucic Acid.} soluble in water. Alcohol of 
 C 4s H 37 sr 22% dissolves traces of it ; but 
 
 it is insoluble in concentrated 
 alcohol or ether. (Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 52. .) 
 
 PYRODEXTRIN with BARYTA. Sparingly solu- 
 C 48 Hag 30 , 2 Ba ble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol, even when this is very di- 
 lute ; it is completely precipitated from the aque- 
 ous solution when 10% of ordinary alcohol is 
 added to the latter. (Gelis, loc. cit.) 
 
 PYRODEXTRIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Very 
 C 48 H 36 30 , Pb soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Gelis, loc. cit.) 
 
 PYRO&ALLIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble in 
 
 (Isomeric with Frangulin 2.25 ptS. of water at 13. 
 
 aiidPhoroGiucin.-) (Braconnot.) Soluble 
 
 i- 12 H 6 u 6 _ u w u 6 u 5 , ti in aicoho^ an( j ether. 
 
 (Braconnot ; Pelouze.) Less soluble in alcohol 
 than in water. (Stenhouse.) Soluble in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, apparently without 
 decomposition. (Gmelin.) Decomposed by di- 
 lute sulphuric acid. 
 
 The salts of pyrogallic acid are more soluble 
 in water than the corresponding gallates. 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF ALUMINA. Soluble in 
 water. (Braconnot.) 
 PYROGALLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF ANTIMONY. Insoluble in 
 Sb 3 , C 12 H 5 o s water and the other neutral sol- 
 vents. Easily soluble in dilute 
 chlorhydric acid. (Rosing.) 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF BISMUTH. Ppt. 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF COPPER. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) C 12 H B Pb -, Ph 0, n O 
 
 II.) C 12 H 5 Pb O c ; Pb 0, H ; 5 Pb Insoluble in 
 
 water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 III.) 2 C 12 H 5 Pb 8 ; Pb 0, H + 4 Aq 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in 
 water. (Pelouze.) 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF SODA. Very readily solu- 
 ble in water. (Pelouze.) 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF TIN. 
 
 PYROGALLATE OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 
 PYROGLUCIC ACID. Vid. PyroDextrin. 
 
 PYuoGuAiACic ACID. Permanent. Sparingly 
 
 ( Guajacol. Hydride of Guaiacyl. Soluble in water. 
 Isomeric with Orcin and Saligenin.) Soluble in all 
 c i H s 4 = C 14 H, 0,, H proportions in al- 
 
 cohol, and ether. 
 Readily soluble in acetic acid, even when this is 
 tolerably dilute, and in other dilute acids. Easily 
 soluble in dilute aqueous solutions of caustic pot- 
 ash, soda, and ammonia, and in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is partially precipi- 
 tated on the addition of water. (Voslckel, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 354.) Soluble in a solution 
 of caustic potash, but insoluble in ammonia-water, 
 or in aqueous solutions of the carbonated alkalies. 
 (Sobrero.) The compounds of pyroguaiacic acid 
 with the alkaline earths are sparingly soluble in 
 water, those of the oxides of the metals proper in- 
 soluble, or but sparingly soluble. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 PYROGUAIACATE OF AMMONIA. 
 PYROGUAIACATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in strong 
 C 14 H 7 Pb 4 ; Pb 0, H alcohol. ( Sobrero. ) 
 
 PYROGUAIACATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 C 14 H, K 4 + 4 Aq ter. Sparingly soluble in 
 absolute alcohol, and still less 
 soluble in ether. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 PYROGUAIACIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 C 38 H 22 6 in alcohol, and ether, and in a hot 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 PYR()LEIC ACID. Vid. Sebacic Acid. 
 
 PYROLlTHOFELLIC AdD. 
 
 (Isomeric with Asclepion.) 
 C 40 H M 6 = C 40 Hag 5 , H 
 
 PYROLIVILIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 40 H J2 10 = 40 H u 9 , H water. Easily soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 Also in alkaline solutions. 
 
 PYR()LIVILATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 C M H n Pb O lo Soluble in alcohol. 
 PYROMALIC ACID. Vid. Maleic Acid. 
 
 PYROMARIC ACID. Vid. Sylvic Acid, under 
 RssiNsfof Turpentine). . 
 
 PYROMECONIC ACID. Readily soluble in 
 
 (Isomeric with PyroMucic Acid.) warm, less soluble in 
 
 c io H* o = c io H 3 5 , H O cold water, and spirit. 
 
 More readily soluble 
 
 in alcohol than in water. (Robiquet; Stenhouse.) 
 Soluble in ether (John), and in naphtha (rock-oil). 
 (Choulant.) Soluble in warm concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, without decomposition, being deposit- 
 ed again on cooling. (Brown.) 
 
 PYROMECONATE OF BARYTA. More soluble 
 C 10 H 3 Ba 6 + Aq in water than the lime, mag- 
 nesia, or strontia salt. Sparing- 
 ly soluble in alcohol. (Brown.) 
 
 PYROMECONATE OF COPPER. Very sparingly 
 C, H 3 Cu 8 soluble in boiling water, or alcohol. 
 (Stenhouse.) 
 
 PYROMECONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Very 
 30 H 9 Fe 2 '" ]8 sparingly soluble in water, either 
 hot or cold. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 PYROMECONATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble 
 C, H 3 Pb 6 in hot water. Less soluble in alco- 
 hol, either warm or cold. 
 
 PYROMECONATE OF LIME. Soluble in 322.6 
 C 10 H 3 Ca O a + Aq pts. of water at 1 5.5. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling alco- 
 hol, being less soluble in alcohol than in water. 
 (Brown.) 
 
520 
 
 PYROMUCATES. 
 
 PYROMECONATE OP MAGNESIA. Insoluble in 
 C 10 H 3 Mg 6 water, or alcohol. (Brown.) 
 
 PYROMECONATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly 
 C, H s AgO a soluble in water, decomposing even 
 in the cold. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 PYROMECONATE OF STRONTIA. Slightly sol- 
 C 10 H 8 Sr 6 + Aq uble in cold, more readily solu- 
 ble in warm water, and alcohol. 
 (Brown.) 
 
 PYROMELLIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (pyroMeUithic Acid.) . cold, abundantly sol- 
 
 C 20 H 16 = C 20 H 2 O )2 , 4 H uble in boiling water. 
 
 The acid which has 
 
 been dried at 120 is soluble in 70.42 pts. of water 
 at 16. Readily soluble in alcohol. Soluble, 
 without much decomposition, in boiling concen- 
 trated sulphuric, nitric, and chlorhydric acids, 
 and in aqna-regia. (Erdmann.) Its salts are all 
 soluble in free pyromellic acid. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF AMMONIA. Readily solu- 
 ble in water. Insoluble in strong alcohol, spar- 
 ingly soluble in weak alcohol. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 boiling water. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF GOLD. 
 
 PYROMELLATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in boil- 
 Cjo H 2 Pb 4 0, 8 + 2 Aq ing water. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF LIME. Insoluble in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 PYROMELLATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 PYROMELLATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble 
 in water. Insoluble in strong, sparingly soluble 
 in weak alcohol. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF SILVER. Almost insoluble 
 C 20 H 2 Ag 4 O w in boiling water. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in strong, sparingly soluble in 
 weak alcohol. 
 
 PYROMELLATE OF ZINO. 
 
 PYROMELLITIC ACID. Vid. PyroMcllic Acid. 
 
 PYRoMoRic ACID. > Vid. OxyPhenic 
 
 PYRoMoRiTANNic ACID $ Acid. 
 
 PyRoMucAMiD. Soluble in water, alcohol, 
 (FyroMucylamid.) and ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
 . Sparingly soluble in cold 
 (PijroMucamide biamidie.) water. More soluble 
 C,o Hr, N 2 2 = N, { S to H than pyromucic acid in 
 water. More soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether, than in water. (Malaguti.) 
 
 PYROMUCIC ACID. Soluble in 28 pts. of wa- 
 
 (Furfuric Acid. Isomeric ter at 15. (Houton- 
 witkPyroMecomcAcid.) Labilladiere) ; and in 
 C w H 4 6 = O w H 3 U 5 , H 4 ptg of boiUng water 
 
 (Trommsdorff.) More soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 PYRoMuCATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Dif- 
 C 10 H 3 Ba 6 ficultly soluble in water, though 
 somewhat more readily in hot than 
 in cold. Insoluble in alcohol. (Houton-Lab.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF <7Cwn'CHLORETHYL. De- 
 
 (Et/ur CUoroPyroMucique.) composed by water. Ea- 
 
 C 10 H 3 (C 4 H C1 4 ) sily soluble" in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. (Malaguti.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF COPPER. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. (Houton-Labilladiere.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF ETHYL. Very sparingly 
 C w H 3 (C 4 H ) 6 soluble in water. Soluble in all 
 proportions in alcohol, and ether. 
 Easily soluble, without decomposition, in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric and chlorhydric acids. 
 (Malaguti.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE of protoxide OF IRON. Very 
 soluble in water. (Houton-Labilladiere.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF LIME. Permanent. Some- 
 what more readily soluble in hot than in cold wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. (Houton-Labilladiere.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 PYROMUCATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. In- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF NlCKEL. Ppt. 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. 
 C 10 H 3 K 6 Very soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Also soluble in ether. 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 3 AgO a 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF SODA. Less deliquescent 
 and less soluble in water than the potash salt. 
 (Houton-Labilladiere.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF STRONTIA. Permanent 
 Somewhat more readily soluble in hot than in 
 cold water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Houton-Lab.) 
 
 PYROMUCATE of protoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 PYROMUCATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. 
 
 PYROPECTIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in alkaline liquors. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (2.) 24. 39.) 
 
 PYRoPiMARic ACID. Vid. Sylvic Acid, 
 under RESiNS(of Turpentine). 
 
 PYROQUINIC AciD(of Pelletier & Caventou). 
 Appears to be a mixture. 
 
 PYRORACEMIC Acio(oily). Vid. Pyruvic 
 Acid. 
 
 " PYRORACEMIC ACID "( cr y sta H' ne )- V'd- 
 PyroTartaric Acid. 
 
 PYRORETIN. Vid. Scleretinite, under RESINS 
 (fossil). 
 
 PYRoSoRBic ACID. Vid. Maleic Acid. 
 
 PYROTARTANIL. Vid. PhenylPyroTartri- 
 mid. 
 
 PYROTARTANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylPyro- 
 Tartramic Acid. 
 
 JSi'PYRoTARTRAMiD. Vid. PyroTartrimid. 
 
 PYROTARTRANIL. Vid. PhenvlPyroTartri- 
 mid. 
 
 PYROTARTRANILIC AdD. Vid. Phenyl- 
 
 PyroTartramic Acid. 
 
 PYROTARTONITRANIL. Vid. NitroPhenylPy- 
 roTartrimid. 
 
 YRoTARToNiTRANiLic ACID. Vid. Nitro- 
 PhenylPyroTartramic Acid. 
 
 PYROTARTARIC Acio(Anhydrous). Very 
 (PyroTartric Anhydride.) sparingly soluble in 
 
 C 10 H 8 O 6 = C 10 H 6 4 " ( 2 water, by which it is 
 slowly converted into 
 
PYROTARTRATES. 
 
 521 
 
 the hydrated acid. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition o 
 water. By alkaline solutions it is quickly con 
 verted into the hydrated acid. (Arppe.) 
 
 PYKOTARTARIC ACID. Permanent. Much 
 
 (CrystallinePyroRaccmic Acid.') more soluble in wa- 
 
 CIQ H s s = ^10 H a , 2 H ter than its isomer 
 
 lipic acid. (Wirz.) 
 
 Soluble in 4 pts. of water at 12.5 (Goebel) ; in 
 3 pts. of water at 15 (Gruner) ; and in 1.5 pts. oi 
 water at 20. (Arppe.) Very soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Arppe.) Soluble, without decom- 
 position, in concentrated sulphuric, chlorhydric, 
 nitric, and acetic acids. Most of the salts of 
 pyrotartaric acid are soluble in water, but are 
 only very sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 
 PrROTARTRATK OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) monobasic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 A1 2 O 3 , C 10 H 6 6 + 2 Aq an aqueous solution of 
 normal pyrotartrate of 
 soda. (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very easily soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 6 (N H 4 ) 2 8 Sparingly soluble in cold, and 
 is decomposed by boiling alco- 
 hol. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 229.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Readily soluble in wa- 
 C, H, (N H 4 ) 8 ter. (Gruner.) Difficultly solu- 
 ble in boiling, and still less solu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF ANILIN(?). Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in hot and in cold 
 C w H 8 Baj 8 + 4 Aq water ; from which solution it 
 is precipitated on the addition 
 of alcohol. ( Arppe. ) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Very soluble in water. 
 C to H 7 Ba 8 + 2 Aq Alcohol removes half the acid. 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) [Soluble in a small amount of water ?] The 
 solution becomes cloudy on ebullition, but clears 
 up again on cooling. On the addition of much 
 water the following compound (No. II.) is precipi- 
 tated. 
 
 II.) C 30 H 18 (Bi") 3 24 +4Aq Ppt. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Alcohol 
 C, H 6 Cd 2 8 +4 Aq& 6 Aq removes a portion of 
 the acid. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of violet sesquioxide OF CHRO- 
 MICM. Soluble in water. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF COBALT. 
 I.) Difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 C 10 H B Co 2 8 , 8 Co + 12 Aq 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in about 250 pts. of water. 
 C 10 H 6 Cu 2 8 -(- 4 Aq (Pelouze.) Scarcely at all sol- 
 uble in alcohol. Easily sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water, and in acids. (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 C 10 H a Cu 2 8 ; 2 Cu O + 4 Aq 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF ETHYL. 
 I.) normal. Nearly insoluble in water, in con- 
 66 
 
 C 10 H fl (C 4 H 5 )j O g tact with which it is slowly de- 
 composed. Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in alcohol, and ether. Readily soluble 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric and chlorhydric 
 acids. (Gruner.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 Cso H 18 (G1 2 '") 2 0^ 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 G1 2 3 , 6 C 10 H 8 8 + 7 Aq 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of protoxide OF IRON. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of peroxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 Cao H 18 (Fe 2 ') 2 21 (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) monobasic. Soluble in 200 pts. of cold 
 Fe 2 3 , c, H g 8 + 3 Aq water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Pelouze) 
 
 III ) hera. Insoluble in water. Very spar- 
 6 Fe 2 3 , C 10 H 8 8 + 4 Aq ingly soluble in acetic 
 acid ; abundantly soluble 
 in nitric acid. (Arppe.) 
 
 IV.) 18 basic. Insoluble in water. 
 18Fe 2 3 ,C 10 Hg0 8 +16Aq 
 
 V.) peracid. Easily soluble in water. Decom- 
 Fe 2 3 , 9 C 10 H 8 O g posed by alcohol. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 10 H 6 Pb 2 8 + 4 Aq more readily soluble in hot 
 water. (Weniselos.) Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of acetate of lead. (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) tetra. Completely insoluble in water 
 C 10 H 8 Pb 2 8 ; 2 Pb 
 
 III.) kej-a. Insoluble in water. Soluble in an 
 C 10 H 6 PB 2 8 ; 4 Pb aqueous solution of sub- 
 acetate of lead, and in acids. 
 (Pelouze.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water, requir- 
 C 10 H Ca 2 8 + 4 Aq ing nearly 100 pts. thereof 
 for its solution. Very solu- 
 ble in acetic, chlorhydric, and nitric acids. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) peracid. Easily soluble in water. (Gru- 
 C 10 H 7 Ca 8 , 2 C 10 H 8 8 + 2 Aq ner. ) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very readily soluble in water, 
 C 10 H 8 Mg 2 8 + 6 Aq & 12 Aq from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addi- 
 tion of alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water, from 
 C 10 H 6 Mn 2 8 + 6 Aq which it is precipitated by 
 alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Nearly insoluble in water. Somewhat soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of normal pyrotartrate of 
 soda. Easily soluble in nitric acid. (Arppe.) 
 [nsoluble in alcohol, or ether. (Harff.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Soluble in 119 pts. of water, the solution under- 
 going decomposition when boiled ; more readily 
 oluble in acidulated water, and in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, especially if this is warm. Nearly 
 nsoluble in alcohol, or ether. (Harff.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF METHYL. Sparingly sol- 
 uble, or insoluble, in water. (Arppe.) 
 
522 
 
 PYRUVIC ACID. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF NICKEL. 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 C lo H Ni 2 8 + 4 Aq Insoluble in alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 II.) peracid. Soluble in water. Decomposed 
 C 10 H, Ni 8 , C 10 H 8 8 + 2 Aq by alcohol. 
 PYROTARTRATE OF POTASH. 
 I ) normal. Deliquesces in moist air. Soluble 
 C 10 H 6 K 2 8 + 2 Aq in water, from which it is 
 precipitated on the addition 
 of alcohol. The anhydrous salt is insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol ; the "hydrated salt is somewhat 
 soluble in hot, less soluble in cold, absolute alco- 
 hol. (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Somewhat less soluble 
 C H,K0 8 than the normal salt in water. Dif- 
 ficultly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF SILVER. 
 I.) normal.. Sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 C 10 H 6 Ag 2 8 Readily soluble in nitric and acet- 
 ic acids, and in ammonia-water. 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF SODA. 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 10 H 6 Na 2 8 + 6 Aq & 12 Aq ter. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol, even boiling. 
 (Arppe.) 
 
 II. ) acid. Readily soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C 10 H 7 Na0 8 in alcohol. (Weniselos.) 
 PYROTARTRATE OF STRONTIA. 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water, from which 
 C, H 6 Sr 2 8 + 2 Aq it is precipitated by alcohol. 
 (Arppe.) Sparingly soluble 
 in water ; insoluble in alcohol. (Gruner.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Decomposed by 
 C 10 H, Sr 8 + 2 Aq alcohol. ( Arppe. ) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I.) tetra. Soluble in a small quantity of water, 
 C 10 H B Sn 2 8 , 2 Sn from which solution it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition ol 
 much water, or alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 PYROTARTRATE of sesguioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 3 Ur s 3 , 3 C 10 H 8 8 + Aq Readily soluble in water, 
 
 from which solution it is 
 
 precipitated on the addition of alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 
 PYROTARTRATE OF ZINC. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, from which it is 
 C 10 H 6 Zn 2 8 + 6 Aq precipitated on the addition 
 
 of alcohol. (Arppe.) 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. 
 
 PYROTARTRIMID. Readily soluble in water, 
 (BiPyroTartramid. alcohol, ether, alkaline 
 
 pyrvTartrylamid.) solutions, and the ordi- 
 
 C 10 H, N 4 = N ] H 10 HeU * nary acids. (Arppe, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharn:., 
 87. 233.) 
 
 PYROTARTRIMID with OXIDE OF LEAD. Par- 
 C 10 H 7 N0 4 ,5PbO + 5 Aq tially soluble in water. 
 ( Arppe, loc. cit. ) 
 
 PYROTARTONITRANIL. Vid. NitroPheiiyl- 
 PyroTartrimid. 
 
 PYROTARTONITRANILIC ACID. Vtd. Nitl'O- 
 
 PhenvlPyroTartramic Acid. 
 
 PYROTARTRANILE. Vid. PhenylPyroTar- 
 trimid. 
 
 Vid. NitroPhenyl- 
 
 ACID. Vid. Nitro- 
 PhenylPyroTartramic Acid. 
 
 PYROTARTRYLNlTROPllENYLAMID. Vid. Ni- 
 
 troPhenylPyroTartrimid. 
 
 PYROTEREBIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble 
 (Pyro Ter ebiiic Add.) in 25 pts. of water; 
 
 C 12 H 10 4 = C J2 H 9 3 , H more soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Ra- 
 
 bourdin.) The alkaline pyroterebates are soluble 
 in water. 
 
 PYROTEREBATE OF- LEAD. 
 
 I. ) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 PYROTEREBATE OF SILVER. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in water. (Rabourdin.) 
 
 PYROTEREBILIC ACID. Vid. PyroTerebic 
 Acid. 
 
 PYROURIC ACID. Vid, Cyanuric Acid. 
 
 PYROXAM. Vid. Xyloidin. 
 
 PYROXANTHIN. Soluble in warm .spirit, ether, 
 (Eblanin.') and acetic acid, crystal- 
 
 C 20 H 8 4 = ^w HT 9? \ O 2 lizing from the two first 
 on cooling. Water 
 
 precipitates it from its solution in alcohol and 
 acetic acid. Soluble in cold concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, with subsequent decomposition. 
 Also soluble in sulphuric acid diluted with an 
 equal volume of water, when this is gently heated, 
 but after a few days the solution suffers decora- 
 position. Soluble in highly concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid, the solution undergoing decomposi- 
 tion when exposed to the air. When water is 
 added to the sulphuric or chlorhydric solutions 
 immediately after their formation, the pyroxan- 
 thin is reprecipitated unchanged. Soluble in 
 strong nitric acid, with decomposition. Only very 
 sparingly soluble in aqueous solutions of caus- 
 tic potash or ammonia, even at 100. ( Apjohn & 
 Gregory, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1837, 21. 145.) 
 
 PyroTartrimid. 
 
 PYROXANTHOGENE. Very sparingly soluble 
 ! in cold, more readily soluble in hot water. Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol, wood-spirit, and ether. 
 (Schweizer.) 
 
 PYROXILIC SPIRIT. Vid. Hydrate of Methyl. 
 PYROXILIN. Vid. Gun-Cotton. 
 PYRROL. Nearly insoluble in water. Easily 
 
 r TT N N J r H "i soluble in alcohol, and 
 C 8 H 5 N NJC 8 H 6 ether insoluble in aque- 
 
 ous solutions of the caustic 
 
 alkalies. Slowly soluble in sulphuric and chlor- 
 hydric acids. Dissolves rapidly, with decompo- 
 sition, in nitric acid. (Anderson.) 
 
 PYRROL RED. Insoluble in water, dilute 
 C 24 H 14 N 2 2 acids, or alkaline solutions. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 alcohol or ether. Somewhat more soluble in hot 
 alcohol. (Anderson; Schwanert.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in water, ether, acids, and 
 ammonia-water. Easily soluble in alcohol. (0. 
 Hesse') 
 
 PYRUVIC ACID. Miscible in all proportions 
 (Oily Pyro Racemic Acid, with water, alcohol, and 
 Brenztraubensaure.) ether (Berzelius.) Sol- 
 
 uble, apparently without 
 
 decomposition, in cold concentrated nitric acid, 
 1 but the solution is decomposed when heated. 
 : (Vcelckel, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 69.) The 
 pyruvates of metallic oxides occur in two modifi- 
 cations-, the one crystalline, the other gummy. 
 | Most of them are soluble in water, and most of 
 
PYRUVATES. 
 
 523 
 
 those not soluble in water are soluble in aqueou 
 solutions of the alkalies ; many of them also in 
 solutions of the alkaline carbonates. They ar< 
 hut sparingly soluble in alcohol, dissolving th 
 less readily in proportion as the alcohol is mor 
 concentrated, and are insoluble in ether. Somi 
 of them are decomposed by water, others b 1 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PYR0VATB OP ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, and in aqueou 
 solutions of the caustic and carbonated alkalies. 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent 
 Almost insoluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 a = crystalline. Permanent. Tolerably sola 
 C e H 3 Ba O n -J- Aq ble in water. Insoluble in aque 
 ous solutions of the alkaline car- 
 bonates. 
 
 p = gummy. Very slowly soluble in water, 
 even when this is boiling. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 p = gummy. Soluble in water, and in aqueou 
 solutions of the caustic and carbonated alkalies. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF COBALT. 
 
 a = crystalline. Very slowly soluble in water, 
 even when this is acidulated with pyruvic acid. 
 
 p = gummy. Very soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the caustic or carbonated 
 alkalies. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF COPPER. 
 
 a = crystalline. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 C 6 H s Cu 6 + Aq somewhat more soluble in hot 
 
 water. 
 
 p = gummy. Tolerably soluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of the caustic and car- 
 bonated alkalies. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, and in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic and carbonated alkalies. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 PYRUVATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 a = crystalline. Permanent in dry air. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 (i = gummy. Readily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 PYRUVATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 p = gummy. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Somewhat soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic and carbonated alkalies. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = crystalline. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 6 H 3 Pb0 6 (Berzelius.) Insoluble, or very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Vcelckel, 
 Ann. Ch.u.Pharm., 89. 70.) 
 
 II.) tri. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 6 H 3 Pb 0,,, 2 Pb O + Aq 
 
 III.) acid. Decomposed by water. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF LIME. 
 
 a = crystalline. Soluble in cold water. Insolu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline carbonates. 
 
 p = gummy. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 = crystalline. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 P = gummy. More readily soluble in water 
 than the crystalline modification. 
 
 PTRUVATE OF MAGNESIA. Insoluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of the alkaline carbonates. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF MANGANESE. 
 = crystalline. Slowly soluble in cold, more 
 soluble in hot water. 
 p = gummy. Readily soluble in water. 
 
 PYHUVATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling water, with partial decom- 
 position. 
 
 PYRUVATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) normal. Decomposed by water to a soluble 
 acid and an insoluble basic salt. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in boiling water. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 a crystalline. ) More difficultly soluble in 
 
 p = gummy. $ water than the corresponding 
 cobalt salts. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF POTASH. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF SILVER. 
 
 a = crystalline. Soluble in boiling, but very 
 C 6 H 3 Ag O a sparingly soluble in cold water. Sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water. 
 
 p gummy. Somewhat more soluble in hot 
 than in cold water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PYRUVATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = crystalline. Soluble in water. Very spar- 
 C 6 H 3 Na 6 ingly soluble in boiling absolute al- 
 cohol ; more, though still sparingly, 
 soluble in spirit. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 p = gummy. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 a = crystalline. Less soluble than the baryta- 
 C 6 H 3 Sr 6 + 2 Aq salt in water. Insoluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the alka- 
 line carbonates. 
 
 p = gummy. Soluble in water. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF THORIA. Soluble in water, 
 and ammonia-water. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF URANIUM. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 a = crystalline. Slowly soluble in water. 
 
 p = gummy. Somewhat soluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of the caustic and car- 
 Donated alkalies. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF ZINC. 
 
 = crystalline. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 H 3 Zn tig + 3 Aq 
 
 p = gummy. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 PYRUVATE OF ZIRCONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and ammonia-water. 
 
 Q. 
 
 (&c.) OF X. See under 
 HLORIDE (&c.) of X, as quadriChlori&e of X, 
 uarfrOxalate of X, and the like. 
 
 QUASSIN. Permanent. Very sparingly solu- 
 Quassite, from Quassia amora.) ble in water. lOOptS. 
 : 20 H 12 6 (?) of water at 12 dis- 
 
 solve only 0.45 pt. 
 f it, i. e. 1 pt. of it is soluble in 222 pts. of water 
 
QUINOLEIN. 
 
 at 12, and even this quantity is only slowly dis- 
 solved. Its solubility in water is increased to a 
 remarkable extent by the presence of salts and of 
 easily soluble organic substances, especially by 
 tbose which accompany it in the quassia-wood. 
 Very sparingly soluble in ether. Its best solvent 
 is alcohol, which dissolves so much the more of it 
 in proportion as it contains less water, and more 
 readily when hot than in the cold. More soluble 
 in dilute acids and alkaline solutions than in 
 water. Abundantly soluble in cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it separates apparently 
 unchanged on the addition of water. Decomposed 
 by hot sulphuric acid. Abundantly soluble, ap- 
 parently without decomposition, in cold nitric 
 acid of 1.25 sp. gr., but is decomposed when this 
 solution is heated. (Wiggers, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1837, 21. pp. 44-46.) 
 
 QUERCETIN. Permanent. Almost insoluble 
 
 OHO) in cold, very spar- 
 
 C* H 9 O u = C *! H j 2 + Aq j ngl y ' solubl / ; 
 
 boiling water. 
 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. Soluble in warm 
 acetic acid. Easily soluble in ammonia-water, and 
 in dilute aqueous solutions of caustic potash and 
 soda. (Rigaud, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 294.) 
 
 QcERCiN(from the bark of Quercus robttr). 
 Easily soluble in water, and in dilute spirit. In- 
 soluble in absolute alcohol, or ether. Soluble in 
 lime-water. (Gerber.) 
 
 QUERCITE. Soluble in 8 @ 10 pts. of cold 
 
 (Sugar of Acorns. Isomeric with water. Tolerably 
 Finite, Dulcinarn, and Mannitan.) eas j ly so l u bl e in 
 
 CM HU 10 = ia 10 $ ?0 4 warm dilute alco- 
 hol. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, with combination. 
 
 QDERCITE with BARYTA. Soluble in water, 
 Cu H n Ba 10 -h 3 Aq and spirit. 
 
 QUERCITE with LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 QUERCITE with LIME. 
 
 QuERClTANNIC ACID. 
 
 QUERCITRIN. Almost insoluble in cold water. 
 
 (Rutin. Rulinic Acid. Rutic Acid Soluble in 425 
 
 Quercitric Acid. Glucoside vfQuercitin.) tg Q f t> o j]j n g 
 
 C so H 21 = g* ft & io \ 2 + Aq waier. ( RL . 
 
 gaud, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 287.) Soluble in 400 pts. of 
 hot water, and in 4 la) 5 "pis. of absolute alcohol. 
 (Bolley.) Much more soluble in absolute or 
 dilute alcohol than in water. Somewhat soluble 
 in ether. Very sparingly soluble in ether. (Ri- 
 gaud.) Soluble in warm acetic acid and in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold concentrated chlorhydric acid. Easily 
 soluble in warm concentrated chlorhydric acid, 
 with decomposition. When boiled with acids, it 
 is decomposed. Very easily soluble in weak 
 aqueous solutions of caustic ammonia, and soda. 
 (Rigaud, loc. cit.) 
 
 QUINIC ACID. Vid. Kinic Acid. 
 
 QUINICIN. Almost insoluble in water. Very 
 (Ctimicin. Isomeric with soluble in absolute aleo- 
 Quinine and Quinidin.) hol> and ' m on j inary 
 
 N \ c H 2* 4 VI spirit. (Pasteur.) 
 
 " QuiNiniN(or Chinidin) " of Winckler, Leers, 
 &c. Vid. Cinchonidin(of Pasteur & Gcrhardt). 
 
 QUINIDIN. Efflorescent. Soluble in 1500 pts. 
 (Ctiinidin. Quinoiilin. Chinoidin. c Quinine. of cold 
 Isomeric with. Quinine and Quinicin.) 
 
 of boiling water; in 45 pts. of cold absolute 
 alcohol ; in 3.7 pts. of warm ordinary alcohol, 
 and in 90 pts. of cold ether. (Van Heijningen.) 
 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 25.3 pts. of it. 
 (Schlimpcrt, Kopp $ Will's J. B., fur 1859, 
 p. 405.) 
 
 Most of the salts of quinidin are more easily 
 soluble in water than the corresponding salts of 
 quinine. They are also easily soluble in alcohol, 
 but are insoluble in ether. 
 
 QUININE. Soluble in about 350 pts. of cold, 
 (* Chinin. Isomeric with and in 200 pts. of boiling 
 Qainidin and Quinicm.) ^^ the boiling satu . 
 
 N 2 C 40 H 24 4 T1 6Aq rated solution containing 
 0.5% of it. 
 
 Soluble in 480 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Eaterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, Jur 1854, p. 75.) Solu- 
 ble in all proportions in cold absolute alcohol, and 
 in ether; and in almost all proportions in cold 
 alcohol of 90%. (Bussy & Guibourt, Journ. de 
 Pharm. et Chim., 1852, (3.) 22. pp.414, 413.) 
 Extremely soluble in alcohol. Much more solu- 
 ble than cinchonin in ether. 
 
 Soluble in 2 pts. of alcohol ; 60 pts. of ether ; 
 2 pts. of chloroform ; and 24 pts. of olive-oil. 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 401.) 100 pts. of chloro- 
 form dissolve 15 pts. of pure quinine at the ordi- 
 nary temperature. (Schlimpert, Kopp $ WiWs 
 J. B.,fur 1859, p. 405.) 100 pts. of chloroform 
 dissolve 57.47 pts. of it. (Michael Pettenkofer, 
 Kopp Sf Will's J. B., fur 1858, p. 363.) 100 pts. 
 of olive-oil dissolve 4.2 pts. of it. (Michael Pet- 
 tenkofer, Kopp fr Will's J. B.,fiir 1858, p. 363.) 
 Also soluble in the other fatty and in essential 
 oils. Tolerably soluble in benzin ; more readily 
 soluble in the vapor of benzin, as it condenses, 
 than in boiling liquid benzin. (Mansfield, .7. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 262.) Soluble in carbonic-acid water, 
 with combination. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 41. 89.) 
 
 More soluble in lime-water than in pure water, 
 though still but sparingly soluble; also soluble in 
 aqueous solutions 6f chloride of calcium, chloride 
 of ammonium, chloride of potassium, carbonate 
 of ammonia, caustic potash, and ammonia. In- 
 soluble in solutions of caustic soda, or of carbo- 
 nate or sulphate of soda, or of chloride of sodium. 
 Easily soluble in dilute acids. Soluble in cold 
 concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. The 
 normal salts of quinine are mostly easily soluble in 
 water, while the basic salts are difficultly soluble 
 therein; but they are all easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and dilute acids, and some of them are solu- 
 ble in ether also. They are ordinarily less solu- 
 ble in water than the corresponding salts of cin- 
 chonin. 
 
 .^QUININE. } rr- , ^ -j- 
 Vld - Q"dm. 
 
 of cold 
 
 750 pts. 
 
 QUINOIDIN. 
 
 QUINOIL. Vid. Kinone. 
 
 QUINOLEIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, some- 
 (Chinolin. Leukol or Leucul. what more soluble 
 Leucolin. Chinolein. Chirwilin.) in boiling water. 
 
 N { C 18 H 17 ' Less soluble than 
 
 anilin in water. 
 
 Ether removes it from the aqueous solution. 
 Miscible in all proportions with alcohol, wood- 
 spirit, ether, aldehyde, acetone, sulphide of car- 
 bon, and the fatty and essential oils. Easily solu- 
 ble in all the acids. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 9. 169.) Quinolein dissolves a considerable 
 quantity of water. 
 
 Very sparingly. soluble in water. When boiled 
 
RESINS. 
 
 25 
 
 with water it distils over without change. Solu- 
 ble in acids, even in acetic, and the other vegeta- 
 ble acids. Very, soluble in alcohol, ether, and the 
 essential oils. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 7. 252.) 
 
 According: to Greville Williams the above state- 
 ments refer to impure quinolein, that which was 
 examined by Hofmann having been contaminated 
 with lepidin(N Cm HB). 
 
 QUINONE. Vid. Kinone. 
 
 QUINONAMID. Vid. Kinonamid. 
 
 QCINONIC ACID. Vid. Melanic Acid. 
 
 QuiNoTANNic ACID. Vid. KinoTannic Acid. 
 QUINOVATIC i 
 
 and > ACIDS. Vid. Kinovic Acid. 
 QOINOVIC ) 
 
 QUINQUI. See quinqui, as prefix, under the 
 generic name of the substance sought for. 
 
 R. 
 
 RACEMIC ACID. Vid. ParaTartaric Acid. 
 jDe.rtroRACEMic ACID. Identical with Tar- 
 taric Acid, q. v. 
 
 Z/ecoRACEMic ACID. Vid. /e/iTartaric Acid. 
 
 RACEMC-METHYLIC ACID. Vid MethylPara- 
 Tartaric Acid. 
 
 RACEMoViNic ACID. Vid. EthylParaTartaric 
 Acid. 
 
 RAEWSKT'S FIRST BASE. 
 N t H 12 Ptj Cl 5 
 
 RAEWSKY'S SECOND BASE. 
 N 4 H lt Pt 2 01, 4 
 
 RED PRUSSIATE OF POTASH. Vid. Ferri- 
 cyanide of Potassium. 
 
 REISET'S FIRST PLATINUM BASE. Vid. Plat- 
 N 2 H 6 Pt = N 2 j . H in(ow)Wamin. 
 
 REISET'S SECOND BASE. Vid. Platin(ous)- 
 N H 3 Pt = N | p t 2 . H o amin - 
 
 RESINS. The resins are insoluble in water. 
 Many of them are soluble in alcohol, and in 
 spirit, while others are insoluble therein. Most 
 of them are soluble in ether. Many are soluble 
 in wood-spirit, at least many of the resins are 
 soluble in some samples of common wood-spirit 
 (" wood-naphtha"), while other samples of this 
 liquid dissolve them only imperfectly. This, of 
 course, depends upon the fact that commercial 
 wood-spirit is always a mixed and very variable 
 product. (Graham, ei al., J. Ch. Soc., 8. 133.) 
 In general, they are soluble in oil of turpentine, 
 especially if this be hot. In oil of ocotea (Han- 
 cock), in oil of mandarin (Luca). 
 
 Many of them are readily and abundantly solu- 
 ble in benzin (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 261), and 
 several of them are much more readily dissolved 
 by allowing the vapor of benzin, of oil of turpen- 
 tine, or of petroleum to condense upon them than 
 when they are placed directly in these liquids. 
 (Mansfield, he. cit., p. 262.) Many are soluble 
 in acetone, fusel-oil, hydride of valeryl, valerianic 
 acid, valerate of amyl (Trautwein), caoutchin, 
 creosote (Ileichenbach), anilin (Hofmann), tolu- 
 ene (Pellcticr & Walter), in concentrated acetic 
 acid, mercur(i'c) methyl, chloride of ethyl, picolin, 
 from which solution they are separated when 
 it is boiled with water (Unverdorben), water acidu- 
 
 lated with oxyphenic acid (Buchner, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 96. 189) ; readily in caprylic alcohol 
 (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys.. (3.) 44. 104), in chlo- 
 roform, and the like. They are also soluble in 
 liquid (condensed) sulphurous, and chlorhydric 
 acids. (Faraday, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 15. 
 268.) 
 
 ACRYL RESIN. 
 
 a. Insoluble in a mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 
 RESIN OF ALOES. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, and aqueous alkaline 
 solutions, even lime-water. 
 
 ALOUCHI RESIN (from Wintera aromatica). 
 Contains two resins : 
 
 . Easily soluble in cold spirit. 
 
 p. Difficultly soluble in cold, more soluble in 
 boiling spirit. Easily soluble in ether. Insoluble 
 in soda-lye. (Bonastre.) 
 
 AMMONIAC RESiN(Gummy resinous exudation 
 (Resin of Gum Ammoniac.") from Dorema ammo- 
 niacum). Gum ammo- 
 niac is itself partially soluble in water, alcohol, 
 ether, vinegar, and aqueous solutions of the alka- 
 lies. The resin which it contains is soluble in 
 alcohol, and in the fixed and volatile oils. When 
 treated with ether a portion of it dissolv.es, while 
 another portion remains insoluble in this men- 
 struum. Soluble in dilute acetic acid (vinegar). 
 Easily soluble in sulphuric acid, from which it is 
 reprecipitated on the addition of water. Soluble 
 in caustic alkaline solutions. 
 
 ANIME RESIN (from Hymencea courburil). The 
 
 (Gum anime. Soft Copal, rare variety of anime 
 
 Resin of Courbaril.) which formerly came from 
 
 the East Indies is entirely 
 
 soluble in oil of turpentine; but absolute alcohol 
 dissolves only mere traces of it. That which is 
 brought from South America is completely solu- 
 ble in boiling alcohol, while cold alcohol separates 
 it into its two component resins. 
 
 a) an acid resin. Soluble in cold alcohol and 
 in oils. 
 
 /J) an indifferent resin. Insoluble in cold, but 
 C 40 H 32 O 2 soluble in hot alcohol. Soluble in oils. 
 Anime resin is only slightly soluble in 
 liquid benzin, but is rapidly dissolved when the 
 vapor of benzin is caused to condense upon it. 
 With oil of turpentine it behaves in a similar 
 manner. (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 261.) 
 
 ANTHRACoxENE(fossil resin). Insoluble in 
 spirit ; but after having been exposed for a long 
 time to the air it becomes partially soluble. Par- 
 tially soluble in ether. (Reuss.) 
 
 ANTIAR RESiN(from Antiaris toxiraria). In- 
 C S2 H^ 2 soluble in water. Soluble in 325 pts. 
 of alcohol at 20, in 44 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol, and in 1.5 pts. of boiling ether. Easily 
 soluble in the essential oils. Very sparingly sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 RESIN OF fArbre A Brai f Arbol-a-brea] ( Cana- 
 rium album). Vid. Resin of Canarium. 
 
 RESIN OF ASSAFCETIDA. Soluble in spirit, 
 jHjgOio from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. Soluble in concen-- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is reprecipi- 
 tated by water. 
 
 According to Brandes, it is a mixture of two 
 resins, the one soluble, the other insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
52G 
 
 RESINS. 
 
 RESINS OF BENZOIN(" Gum Benzoin "). (The 
 concrete juice of Styrax Benzoin.) There are 
 three different resins : 
 
 a = C 70 H 4J 14 Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 ether, and oil of cumin. Also 
 
 soluble in potash-lye. Insoluble in an aqueous 
 
 solution of carbonate of potash. Insoluble in 
 
 naphtha or in ammonia-water. 
 
 I* = Cjo H 20 6 Soluble in boiling alcohol, and 
 in an aqueous solution of car- 
 bonate of potash. Insoluble in ether, or the es- 
 sential oils, or in ammonia-water. 
 
 y = c 40 H 22 9 Soluble in alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. Insoluble in 
 naphtha. 
 
 Benzoin is insoluble in benzin, and in the other 
 light coal-naphthas. (De la Rue.) 
 
 RESIN OF BIRCH BARK. Insoluble in water, 
 (Betulin.) or in aqueous alkaline solutions. Solu- 
 ble in 120 pts. of cold, and in 80 pts. of 
 hot alcohol. Also soluble in ether, and in the 
 fatty and essential oils. Soluble in strong sul- 
 phuric acid. (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 RESIN OF CALOPHYLLUM. Vid. Maynas 
 Resin. 
 
 RESIN OF CERADiA(from Ceradiafurcata). 
 
 CANADA BALSAM(from Abies balsamea). Con- 
 < Canadian Turpentine. Balaam of Fir.) tains about 
 
 40% ' of a 
 
 resin soluble in alcohol ; and 30% of a sub-resin 
 difficultly soluble in alcohol. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 352.) 
 
 RESIN OF CANARiUMffrom Canarium album). 
 
 (Resine de VArbre a. Brai.) Three times as soluble in 
 
 alcohol as Breane [from 
 
 icica resin]. (Scribe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 
 170.) 
 
 The portion sparingly soluble in cold alcohol 
 dissolves easily in boiling alcohol, and in ether. 
 Baup has found that it contains four substances. 
 
 a.) Ami/rin. Very sparingly soluble in cold 
 water, or alcohol of 85%. Readily soluble in 
 ether and in warm absolute alcohol. 
 
 p.) Brein. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 70 
 pts. of alcohol of 85% at 20, and more easily in 
 absolute alcohol. Easily soluble in ether. 
 
 y.) Bryoidin. Soluble in 350 pts. of cold, and 
 much more readily in boiling water. Very solu- 
 ble in alcohol, ether, fatty and essential oils, alka- 
 line solutions, &c. 
 
 d.) Breidin. Soluble in 270 [260] pts. of 
 water at 10, and much more soluble in warm 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol ; less soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 CARANNA RESiN(from Amyris Caranna; also 
 (Gum Caranna. Resine de Gomart. from Bursera 
 Resine de Chibou. Resine de Cackibou.) gummifera}. 
 
 RESIN OF CASCARiLLA(from the bark of Oroton 
 Cascarilla, &c). Consists of two resins : 
 
 a = indifferent resin. Soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, and in hot oil of turpentine, and fatty oils. 
 Insoluble in acids, excepting concentrated acetic 
 acid, or in alkaline solutions. 
 
 (J = acid resin. Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether, or fatty or essential oils. Easily soluble 
 in alkaline solutions. ( Trommsdorff. ) 
 
 Its compound with copper is insoluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 RESINS OF CASSIA. ) See Resins from Oil 
 RESINS OF CINNAMON. 3 of Cinnamon. 
 
 RESINS OF COPAIBA. Balsam Copaiba (the 
 juice of Copaifera officinalis, etc.), contains from 
 31 to 80% of a volatile oil [see under ESSENCES], 
 1.6% of a soft brown resin (|3), and from 20 to 
 66% of an acid resin. (), called also Copaivic 
 Acid (see below). 
 
 Balsam Copaiba itself is insoluble in water ; but 
 is entirely soluble in absolute alcohol, ether, and 
 the fixed and volatile oils. It is completely dis- 
 solved by strong alkaline solutions, but the result- 
 ing solution becomes turbid when largely diluted 
 with water. (U. S. Dispensatory.) Soluble in 
 alcohol of 90%. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 355.) It is 
 soluble in ammoniawater. 
 
 I.) a, or Copaivic Aeid. Insoluble in water. 
 c > HSO 4 More soluble in warm than in cold 
 concentrated alcohol. Easily soluble 
 in ether, fatty and essential oils, -and bisulphide 
 of carbon. Easily soluble in ammonia-water, and 
 in aqueous solutions of the fixed alkalies. Soluble 
 in cold petroleum. ( U. S.,LHspensatory.) 
 
 COPAIVATE OF AMMONIA. . Soluble In water 
 and in alcohol. 
 
 COPAIVATE OF LEAD. Insoluble, or very spar- 
 C 40 H 29 Pb 4 ingly soluble in alcoh'oL 
 
 COPAIVATE OF LIME. Soluble jn alcohol, 
 C 4 o H 29 Ca 0* from which it is -precipitated by 
 water. 
 
 COPAIVATE OF POTASH. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and i'n alkaline solutions ; by the addition of much 
 water it is precipitated from the lattei 1 . 
 
 COPAIVATE OF SILVER. .Sparingly soluble in 
 C 40 H 29 Ag 4 alcohol. Easily soluble in ammo : 
 
 nia-water. 
 
 II.) Fehling has described a crystalline resin, 
 
 C 40 H 2g 8 oxycopaivic acid, from copaiba which 
 
 differs from the preceding. It is 
 
 insoluble in water. Very soluble in ether, less 
 
 soluble in alcohol. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 ITS LEAD SALT. Is a ppt. 
 C 40 H 27 Pb 6 
 
 ITS POTASH SALT. Is soluble in water. 
 
 ITS SILVER SALT. Is a ppt. 
 C 40 H 27 Ag 6 
 
 ITS SODA SALT. Is soluble in water. 
 
 Posselt has described a sample of balsam copaiba 
 which contained two uncrystallizable resins, the 
 one soluble, the other insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 III.) p. Insoluble in cold petroleum. Easily 
 soluble in absolute alcohol, and in ether. More 
 soluble in ammonia-water than copaivic acid. 
 
 CopAL(from several species of Hymencea). 
 Copal varies considerably in solubility as pro- 
 cured from different sources. In its natural state 
 it is but sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol, but 
 it becomes more soluble when exposed to the air 
 in a state of fine powder during several weeks. 
 As a rule, it is insoluble in spirit, but some varie- 
 ties are dissolved when suspended in the vapor of 
 boiling alcohol. In ether it first swells up, and 
 then dissolves completely, the swollen mass is 
 also readily soluble in boiling alcohol. Soluble in 
 rectified oil of turpentine ; but it is less readily sol- 
 uble in oil of turpentine than in oil of rosemary, 
 in which it is abundantly soluble. After having 
 been melted, by which process it undergoes par- 
 tial decomposition, it is much more readily soluble 
 
RESINS. 
 
 527 
 
 in alcohol and oil of turpentine. Only slightly ! 
 soluble in liquid benzin, or oil of turpentine, but 
 is rapidly dissolved by the vapors of these snb- ; 
 stances when these are condensed directly upon it. 
 (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 261.) Unacted upon 
 by anilin, or quinolein, even when melted beneath 
 these liquids. (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 9. pp. 143, 169.) "Soft" copal is very easily 
 soluble in caprylic alcohol, and even " hard " 
 copal swells up, and after a while dissolves in this 
 liquid. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 104.) 
 Insoluble in cold aqueous solutions of potash or 
 ammonia ; it combines with these alkalies when 
 treated with boiling solutions, forming compounds 
 soluble in pure water, but insoluble in liquids 
 which are at all alkaline. (Filhol.) Several dif- 
 ferent varieties of resin have been distinguished in 
 copal. 
 
 a. Soluble in alcohol of 72%, in ether, and in 
 oil of turpentine. With alkalies it forms salts 
 which are soluble in ether, but insoluble in alco- 
 hol, with the exception of the potash salt. 
 
 (I. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, ether, 
 and oil of turpentine. With alkalies it forms 
 salts soluble in ether, but insoluble in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 y. Soluble in absolute alcohol and in ether. 
 Its alkaline salts are insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 (5. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. Soluble in 
 an alcoholic solution of potash. 
 
 i. Insoluble in all the above-mentioned men- 
 strua. 
 
 RESIN OF CORK. Soluble in ether. (Boussin- 
 C, 2 H 2n gault.) 
 
 DAMMARA RESIN. 
 
 A.) Ordinary, or TEast Indian Dammara Resin 
 C 16 H 1S O (from Dammara orientalis). Only par- 
 tially soluble in absolute alcohol, or in 
 alkaline solutions ; more easily soluble in ether ; 
 and still more easily in ethereal or fatty oils. 
 According to Brandes, it contains 2 resins. 
 
 a (of which it contains 83%). Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (S (of which it contains 17%). Soluble in 1000 
 (Dammarin.) pts. of absolute alcohol ; and in 40 
 50 pts. of ether. Insoluble in alka- 
 line solutions. 
 
 According to Dulk, it is partially soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. Completely soluble in oils and 
 in sulphuric acid ; also soluble, with decomposi- 
 tion, in nitric acid ; difficultly attacked by alka- 
 line solutions ; and contains 5 different resins. 
 
 I.) Dammaryl or d resin. Soluble in ether. In- 
 Q, 6 H S8 soluble in spirit. 
 
 II.) a (constitutes some, 24% of the whole). Sol 
 C 46 H 304 u 'l e ' D c ld dilute alcohol. 
 
 III.) fi (10% of the whole). Soluble in hot, in- 
 soluble in cold dilute alcohol. 
 
 IV.) y (44% of the whole). Insoluble in dilute 
 
 (Dammarylic Acid.) spirit, either hot or cold. 
 
 C 4s H ss s Soluble in absolute alcohol, 
 
 ether, oils, and sulphuric acid. 
 
 V.) t (7% of the whole). Insoluble in ether, or 
 2 C 4 H s -t- H ' n alkaline solutions. Soluble in 
 
 oil of turpentine. 
 B.) Australian Dammara Resin (from Dammara 
 (Cowdie Gum.) Australis). Only partially soluble 
 C 4o H 3i 0, in common alcohol ; but is com- 
 
 pletely soluble in absolute alco- 
 hol, and in oil of turpentine. (R. D. Thomson.) 
 
 It is composed of Dammaric Acid, and Dam- 
 marane, q. v. 
 
 DisAcRYL RESIN. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 C 20 H 13 6 uble in alcohol, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of water. Also 
 soluble in ether, and in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. 
 
 DRAGON'S BLOOD. (Resinous substance from 
 (Sanguis Draconis.) the fruit of various species of 
 Calamus.) Insoluble in water. 
 Solifble in alcohol, ether, and the fixed and vola- 
 tile oils. It contains about 90% of a resin which 
 has been called Draconin. 
 
 ELEMI RESiN(from Amyris zeylanica). Con- 
 (Resin of Idea, q. v.) tains two resins. 
 
 a crystalline. Completely soluble in boiling 
 C 40 H 32 2 concentrated alcohol, from which it 
 
 separates out as the solution cools. 
 = amorphous, acid resin. Very readily soluble 
 in cold alcohol. 
 
 RESIN OF EupHORBiuM(from various species 
 of Euphorbia) . Contains 3 different resins. 
 
 I.) crystalline. Insoluble in cold, soluble in hot 
 HSO 6 alcohol. 
 
 II.) amorphous. Easily soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 III.) Difficultly soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 FiCHTELiTE(/bsst7 resin from Bavaria). Solu- 
 
 O H TO" ble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 FICHTELITE with OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 in ether. 
 
 1 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. (T. E. 
 
 j- Clark, Am. J. Sci., 
 
 (2.) 25. pp. 164 - 
 
 176.) 
 
 BromoFichtelite. 
 CflQ Hgg Br 
 
 ZJi'BromoFichtelite. 
 C 80 H 68 Br 2 
 
 ZfrChloroFichtelite. 
 C1 2 
 
 Quarfrz'ChloroFichtclite. 
 
 FOSSIL RESIN OF GiRONfNew Granada). In- 
 soluble in alcohol. Swells up in ether. (Bous- 
 singault, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 507.) 
 
 RESIN OF GAMBOGE(or Gummi Gutta). In- 
 soluble in water. Very soluble in ether ; less sol- 
 uble in alcohol. Soluble in warm ammonia-water, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 carbonate of ammonia. It forms salts 
 with BARYTA. 
 with LEAD. 
 
 with POTASH. Soluble in water, and in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 with SODA. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of sodium. 
 
 GILEAD, BALSAM or BALM OF (Resinous juice 
 (Baume de la Mecque, Judea, on Cairo.) of Amyris 
 
 Gileadensis). 
 Contains : 
 
 I.) A resin soluble in water[?] and in fatty and 
 essential oils, but insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) A resin, difficultly soluble in cold, more 
 easily soluble in hot alcohol and ether. Also sol- 
 uble in the fatty and essential oils. 
 
 III.) An essential oil soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether, also in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 
 RESINE DE GOMART. Vid. Caranna Resin. 
 
 RESIN OF G0AiACUM(from Guaiacum offid- 
 
 (Guaiadn.) nale). Guaiacum or " gum gnaiac " 
 
 is itself partially dissolved by water, 
 
 about 9% of it being soluble therein. It is en- 
 
528 
 
 RESINS. 
 
 tirely soluble in alcohol of 83%. It is also soluble 
 in ether, in alkaline solutions, in strong sulphuric 
 acid, and in "nitrous ether" (solution of nitrite 
 of ethyl in alcohol). The resin which it contains 
 is insoluble in water. Alcohol dissolves about ^ 
 of this resin; ether dissolves somewhat less. Sol- 
 uble in oil of turpentine, best when hot, insolu- 
 ble in fatty oils. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, and in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. Pelletier says that ammonia-water dis- 
 solves T 9 ^ of the entire resin. Unverdorben, on 
 the other hand, states that this resin contains two 
 different resins, one of which is very soluble in 
 ammonia-water, while the other forms with am- 
 monia a tarry compound, which is soluble in 6000 
 pts. of water. 
 
 Gum guaiacum is insoluble in benzin, or the 
 other light coal-naphthas. (De la Rue.) 
 
 RESINS OF GUTTA-PERCHA. 
 
 a = Pure Gutta, q. v. 
 
 p = White resin. Very soluble in boiling, less 
 (Alban.) soluble in cold absolute alcohol. Very 
 soluble in oil of turpentine, benzin, 
 ether, chloroform, and bisulphide of carbon. Un- 
 acted upon by concentrated chlorhydric acid or 
 by weak acids ; decomposed by concentrated sul- 
 phuric and nitric acids. Unacted upon by boiling 
 alkaline solutions. 
 
 y = Yellow resin. Soluble in cold alcohol, ether, 
 benzin, oil of turpentine, bisulphide of carbon 
 and chloroform. Unacted upon by alkaline solu- 
 tions, ammonia- water, weak acids, or concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. Decomposed by concentrated 
 sulphuric, and nitric acids. (Payen.) 
 
 RESIX OF IciCA(from various plants of the 
 family Idea). Insoluble in water. Soluble in 55 
 pts. of cold, and in 15 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 36%. Soluble in 3.5 pts. of oil of turpentine at 
 the ordinary temperature. In the cold, the action 
 of these solvents is very slow. " Of all the resins 
 this is the least soluble in alcohol." (Scribe, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 167.) It contains three dif- 
 ferent resins. 
 
 a = " Breane." Insoluble in water, or in alka- 
 C 10 H 3 , 2 line solutions. Soluble in 100 pts. of 
 alcohol at the ordinary temperature, 
 being less soluble therein than either (i or y. Ether 
 dissolves 4.35 pts. of it. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Scribe, ioc. cit., p. 169.) 
 
 ft = " Icacine." Soluble in 50 pts. of cold alco- 
 C 40 H 34 0, hol, but less soluble than y in alcohol. 
 In ether it is as soluble as a. ( Scribe, 
 Ioc. cit.) 
 
 y = amorphous resin. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 (Idea Colophany.) and ether, being much more sol- 
 C 4o H so 4 uble than either a or (i. Insol- 
 
 uble in alkaline solutions. 
 (Scribe.) 
 
 RESIN OF jALAp(from Convolvulus sMedeanus). 
 (Jalapin (of commerce).) Soluble in alcohol. In- 
 soluble in fixed oils, oil 
 
 of turpentine, or ether. When powdered and 
 thrown into cold water it does not dissolve, but 
 forms a semifluid mass as if it had been melted. 
 Soluble in acetic acid, from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of much water. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 pp. 189, 190.) 
 
 It contains two different resins : 
 
 a = " Para jRluxleorttin." Soluble in alcohol 
 C 40 H M18(') an( l etner i m concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, with decomposition, and in aque- 
 ous solutions of the caustic alkalies. Insoluble 
 
 even in warm chlorhydric, nitric, and acetic 
 acids. 
 
 ft = Resin insoluble in ether. Vid. Convolvulin. 
 (Rhodeoretin. Jalapin.) 
 
 ^02 ^50 ^32 
 
 LAC. Insoluble in water. Almost entirely 
 
 (Shellac. Own Shellac. soluble in alcohol, espe- 
 
 Stick Lac. Seed Lac.) daily if this be warm. 
 
 Soluble in ordinary spirit, 
 
 and as a rule, in wood-spirit, but some samples of 
 the latter dissolve it only imperfectly, wood-spirit 
 being a mixed and very variable product. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in lignone. (Graham, et'al., J. Ch. 
 Soc., 8. 133.) Sparingly soluble in benzin, but 
 a saturated solution of shellac in alcohol or wood- 
 spirit is miscible with an equal volume of benzin. 
 (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., I. 260.) Partially soluble 
 in ether and the volatile oils. Soluble in chlor- 
 hydric and acetic acids, and in aqueous solutions 
 of potash and soda. According to Unverdorben, 
 there are 5 different resins in lac. 
 
 I.) Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 II.) Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 III.) Sparingly soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 IV.) 
 
 V.) Insoluble in naphtha. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. 
 
 The coloring matter of lac is soluble in alka- 
 line solutions, but its best solvent is concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 LABDANUM(Resinous substances- from various 
 (Ladanum.) species of Cistus). Soluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 RESINS OF MADDER. 
 
 a. Sparingly soluble in boiling water, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of acids. 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic and carbonated alkalies, 
 also in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it 
 is precipitated on the addition of water. Decom- 
 posed by boiling concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 ft. Sparingly soluble in boiling water, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of acids. 
 Soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic and 
 carbonated alkalies, and in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated on the addition 
 of water. (Schunck, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1848, 
 p. 68.) 
 
 MASTicn(Resinous exudation of Pistacia len- 
 tiscus). Insoluble in water. Alcohol dissolves 
 about ^ of it. Completely soluble in ether, and 
 oil of turpentine. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 the fixed oils. Largely soluble in benzin. 
 (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 261.) It contains two 
 resins : 
 
 a = C M H 31 4 Soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 /* = C-o H 31 a Insoluble in cold, soluble in hot 
 (Masticin.) alcohol. In cold alcohol it 
 
 softens and swells up. 
 
 RESIN OF MATNAs(a province in South Amer- 
 (Rcsina Calopkylliffrom ica). Insoluble in water. 
 Calop/njUum longifolium).) y ery go l u ble in alcohol, 
 28 18 8 ether, and the fatty and 
 
 essential oils; also soluble in acetic acid, even in 
 the cold, and in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which water precipitates it unchanged. Easily 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 soda, and ammonia, even in the cold. (Lewy, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 382.) 
 
 Mi DDLETONITE( Resin which occurs in coal at 
 
RESINS. 
 
 529 
 
 Middleton). Scarcely at all soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, or oil of turpentine. 
 
 RESINS FROM OIL OF CINNAMON. 
 
 I.) Resins formed by the action of the air. There 
 are two of these resins, both insoluble in water, 
 but soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 = 030 H is 4 Easily soluble in cold alcohol, 
 from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of acetic acid. Easily soluble in 
 ether, oil of turpentine, and olive-oil. Slowly solu- 
 ble in a boiling aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 At 25, it is soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated unchanged on the 
 addition of water. Insoluble in ammonia-water, 
 or in concentrated chlorhydric acid. (Mulder.) 
 
 /? = C ]a H B Readily soluble in hot, very lit- 
 tle soluble in cold alcohol. 
 Readily soluble in ether. Scarcely at all soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. Insolu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. Soluble, without change, 
 in concentrated chlorhydric and sulphuric acids ; 
 from this solution it is precipitated unchanged on 
 the addition of water. (Mulder.) 
 
 II.) Resins formed by the action of nitric acid upon 
 oil of cinnamon. There are two of these resins ; 
 both of them insoluble in water, but soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. 
 
 a = c, g H 7 O s Soluble in alcohol, and ether, in 
 an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash, and in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 Insoluble in ammonia-water. (Mulder.) 
 
 p = Soluble in boiling, less soluhle in cold 
 alcohol. (Mulder.) 
 
 III.) Resins formed by the action of concentrated 
 sulphuric acid upon oil of cinnamon. 
 
 a = Cg,, H 16 O 2 Soluble in cold alcohol, in ether, 
 oil of turpentine, and olive-oil ; 
 also in warm concentrated sulphuric acid. Insol- 
 uble in boiling chlorhydric acid, or in boiling 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, or ammonia. 
 (Mulder.) 
 
 I? = Cj,, H lfl 2 Insoluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in cold ether; 
 also soluble in oil of turpentine, olive-oil, and 
 concentrated sulphuric acid, when this is gently 
 heated. Insoluble in boiling chlorhydric acid, or 
 in boiling aqueous solutions of caustic potash or 
 ammonia. (Mulder.) 
 
 IV.) Resins produced by the action of chlorhydric 
 acid upon oil of cinnamon. 
 
 a = c J4 H 6 Easily soluble in cold alcohol, 
 and in ether ; also soluble in 
 oil of turpentine, and in olive-oil. Soluble in 
 cold concentrated sulphuric acid. Insoluble in 
 boiling chlorhydric acid, or in aqueous solutions 
 of caustic potash or ammonia. 
 
 |* = C 20 H 8 Insoluble in cold, and but spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Readily soluble in ether, oil of turpentine, and 
 olive-oil. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid 
 at a temperature of 50. Insoluble in boiling 
 chlorhydric acid, or in aqueous solutions of caus- 
 tic potash or ammonia. 
 
 V.) Resin formed by the action of ammonia upon 
 C, 4 H 6 O oil of cinnamon. Insoluble in cold, sol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol. Soluble in 
 ether, in boiling aqueous solutions' of caustic pot- 
 ash or ammonia, and in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated unchanged on 
 the addition of water. Insoluble in boiling chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Mulder.) 
 
 67 
 
 RESIN OF THE OLIVE-TREE 
 Contains : 
 
 I.) A resin soluble in warm, but almost insolu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. Soluble in warm ether. 
 
 II.) A resin sparingly soluble in ether ; readily 
 soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 III.) A gum, sparingly soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol, or ether. 
 
 IV.) Olivil, q. v. 
 
 RESIN OF OPIUM. Insoluble in water, or 
 C S2 HJJ N 12 ether. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and in aqueous solutions of the 
 alkalies. (Pelletier.) 
 
 RESIN OF OpoPONAx(from Pastinica opo- 
 C 40 H 24 U ponax). Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Also soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 BALSAM PERu(from Myrospermum peruiferum). 
 Insoluble in water. Completely soluble in' strong 
 alcohol. Partially soluble in ether, and in the 
 fatty and essential oils. 
 
 RESIN OF THE PITCH-TREE. Vid. Resin of 
 Canarium. 
 
 RESIN OF PODOPHYLLUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 (Podophyllin(of commerce).) ter, or oil of turpentine. 
 Partially soluble in al- 
 cohol, also partially soluble in ether, one of its 
 component resins being insoluble therein. Solu- 
 ble, with combination, in aqueous solutions of 
 the caustic alkalies. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 191.) 
 
 RESIN OF SAGEPENDM(from Ferula persica). 
 (Oum Seraphic.) 
 
 ^40 "29 
 
 SANDARACH(from Thuya articulata, &c.). Con- 
 tains several different resins : As a whole, it 
 dissolves easily and completely in absolute alco- 
 hol, and in warm spirit of 80%. Cold spirit leaves 
 about ^ of it undissolved (Giese), but this residue 
 ("sandaracin") is soluble in ether, and in oil of 
 turpentine. Soluble in acetone, and in wood- 
 spirit which contains acetone. Soluble, with com- 
 bination, in alkaline solutions. 
 
 a = C 40 H 81 B Difficultly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 /* = C 40 H 31 8 Easily soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 Y = C 40 H 30 Soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 SCAMMONT RESIN. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 Ceo H^ M uble in alcohol, and ether. Almost 
 entirely insoluble in oil of turpen- 
 tine. Soluble in alkaline solutions, with decom- 
 position. 
 
 RESIN OF STYRAX OR STORAX. Vid. Sty- 
 racin. 
 
 RESINS FROM BALSAM OF TOLU. 
 
 a = CggHtgOg Easily soluble in cold alcohol, 
 
 and ether. Soluble in alkaline 
 
 solutions, and in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 
 acid, with subsequent decomposition. (E. Kopp, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 381.) 
 
 P = Cgg HJO 10 Sparingly soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble in alkaline 
 solutions, and in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (E. Kopp, loc. cit.) 
 
 RESINS OF TURPENTINE. Contains three iso- 
 ( Ordinary Rosin, meric modifications : 
 
 Colophany.) 
 
 C 40 H SO 4 
 
 a = Pinic Acid. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 (Amorphous Colophany Resin, in alcohol, wood-spirit, 
 
 Amorphous Pimaric Acid.) ether, naphtha, and 
 
 the fixed and essential 
 
530 
 
 RESINATES. 
 
 oils. This is the most soluble in cold weak spirit 
 of any of the resins of turpentine. Also soluble 
 in aqueous alkaline solutions. 
 
 The salts of pinic acid are less soluble in alco- 
 hol than those of sylvic acid. 
 
 I? = Sylvic Acid. Insoluble in water. Less 
 
 ( Crystalline Colophony Resin, soluble than the pre- 
 
 PyroMaric Acid.) ceding in Cold spirit. 
 
 Readily soluble in hot 
 
 spirit. Soluble in 8 @ 10 pts. of alcohol. Very 
 soluble in ether. Also soluble in concentrated 
 acetic acid, in wood-spirit, naphtha, in oil of tur- 
 pentine, and the oils generally. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water, but its potash-salt is insoluble in 
 an aqueous solution of caustic potash. The syl- 
 vates are soluble in ether and in absolute alcohol. 
 
 y.) Pimaric Acid. Insoluble in water. The 
 (Probably identical with Sylvic Acid, crystallized acid 
 Vid. Liebig Kopp's Jahresbcric/it, ~ ls so l u ble in 10 
 
 1.572,no* e .) pts. of alcohol 
 
 at 18, and in 1 pt. of boiling alcohol. Very sol- 
 uble in ether. After pimaric acid has been fused 
 it quickly dissolves in its own weight of alcohol at 
 18, but in the course of a few moments it crystal- 
 lizes out of this solution, and cannot now be re- 
 dissolved in less than 10 pts. of the same alcohol. 
 (Laurent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22. 461.) 
 
 Cailliot divides rosin into constituents which do 
 not appear to be exactly equivalent to those men- 
 tioned above; his Abietic Acid (which may be 
 identical with Pinic Acid(a)),is soluble in all pro- 
 portions in alcohol, ether, and naphtha. Water 
 precipitates it from the first two solutions, but not 
 from the last. The salts of this acid will be given 
 below, with the pinates. (Cailliot, J. de Pharm., 
 1830, 16. 438. ) The Abietic Acid of Baup, which 
 is stated to be soluble in 7.5 pts. of alcohol, of 
 0.88%; at 14, is thought to be identical with Syl- 
 vic Acid(|?) by Gerhardt (Jr., 3. 656, note.) Ca'il- 
 liot's Abietin (possibly identical with Sylvic Acid) 
 is insoluble in water, or in cold alkaline lyes. 
 Very soluble in alcohol at 34. Soluble, in all 
 proportions, in boiling alcohol, in ether, naphtha, 
 and concentrated acetic acid. His "Insoluble 
 Neutral Resin " is insoluble in cold alcohol of 40, 
 in naphtha, in alkaline lyes, &c. (Loc. cit.) 
 
 Rosin, as such, is insoluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, wood-spirit, benzin, oil 
 of turpentine, and the other essential oils ; spar- 
 ingly in lignone, partially in naphtha. 
 
 It is soluble in anilin, and quinolein. (Hof- 
 mann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 143, 169.) 
 
 Compare the general remarks upon RESINS. 
 
 In the following list the salts of each of the 
 several modifications of rosin are classed together, 
 as ResinateS (a, /?, & y), under the name of the 
 base. Most of them are soluble in ether ; some 
 are soluble in alcohol, and a few dissolve in 
 water. 
 
 RESINATB OF ALUMINA. 
 I.) a or Pinate. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 Soluble in ether. 
 
 RESINATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate? Abietate (pinate ?) of ammo- 
 nia is soluble in water. (Cailliot, .7. de Pharm., 
 1830, 16. 439.) 
 
 II.) j or Sylvate. Soluble in 200 pts. of cold 
 water. Very soluble in alcohol, and ether. (T.) 
 
 III.) y or Pimarate. Soluble in alcohol. 
 RESINATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) or Pinate. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. Readily soluble in ether. 
 
 Abietate(pinate ?) of baryta is insoluble in water, 
 and only sparingly soluble in cold alcohol ; it is 
 decomposed by boiling alcohol of 40. (Cailliot, 
 J. de Pharm., 1830, 16. 439.) 
 
 II.) /* or Sylvate. Soluble in boiling absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 RESINATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) or Pinate. Soluble in ether. 
 
 RESINATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Insoluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol. Very solu- 
 ble in ether, oil of turpentine, and the fatty oils. 
 
 II.) p or Sylvate. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 RESINATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Readily soluble in ether. 
 
 II.) /} or Sylvate. Readily soluble in ether. 
 
 RESINATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) a or i*. Sparingly soluble in water. Read- 
 ily soluble in ether. 
 
 RESINATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) or Pinate. Insoluble in alcohol. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether. Soluble in oil of turpen- 
 tine, and the fatty oils. 
 
 II.) (I or Sylvate. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 III.) y or Pimarate. Partially soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 RESINATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Sparingly soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Readily soluble in ether, and oil of 
 turpentine. Abietate( pinate ?) of lime resembles 
 the baryta salt. (Cailliot, J.de Pharm., 1830, 16. 
 439.) 
 
 II.) |* or Sylvate. Soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 RESINATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. Readily soluble in ether. 
 Abietate(pinate ?) of magnesia resembles the 
 baryta salt. (Cailliot, J. de Pharm., 1830, 16. 
 439") 
 
 II.) p or Sylvate. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and oil of turpentine. 
 
 RESINATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 Soluble in ether. 
 
 II.) p or Sylvate. Readily soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 RESINATE ofdinoxide. OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Soluble in ether. 
 
 RESINATE of protoxide OF MERCDHT. 
 I.) |? or Sylvate. Soluble in ether. 
 
 RESINATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate? A bietate( pinate ?) of mor- 
 phine is insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Cailliot, J. de Pharm., 1830, 16. 
 439.) 
 
 RESINATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Readily soluble in ether, and 
 oil of turpentine. 
 
 RESINATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Insoluble in oil of turpentine, or olive-oil, or in an 
 excess of an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 Abietate(p\n&te ?) of potash is soluble in all 
 proportions in cold water and in strong alcohol. 
 (Cailliot, J. de Pharm., 1830, 16. 438.) 
 
 II.) (for Sylvate. Sparingly soluble in water, 
 and cold alcohol. Tolerably soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. (Unverdorben.) 
 
RHODIZONATES. 
 
 531 
 
 III.) y or Pimarate. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 RESINATE OF QUININE. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate? Abietate(pinate?) of quinine 
 is insoluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Cailliot, J. de Pharm., 1830, 16. 
 439.) 
 
 RESINATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) or Pinate. Insoluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol. Readily 
 soluble in ether, and oil of turpentine. 
 
 II.) ft or Sylvate. Sparingly soluble in alco- 
 hol. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 III. ) y or Pimarate. 
 
 RESINATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 Abietate(pinate 1) of soda is soluble in water 
 like the potash-salt. (Cailliot, J. de Pharm., 1830, 
 16. 439.) 
 
 II. ) /J or Sylvate. 
 
 III.) y or Pimarate. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 RESINATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Abietate(pinate ?) of strontia 
 resembles the baryta-salt. (Cailliot, J. de Pharm., 
 16. 439.) 
 
 RESINATE of binoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I.) a or Pinate. Insoluble in water, oil of tur- 
 pentine, or the fatty oils. Partially soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 RESINATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) or Pinate. Insoluble in water, or alcohol. 
 Soluble in ether. 
 
 II.) p or Sylvate. Soluble in alcohol. 
 Resins formed by the action of nitric acid upon 
 oil of turpentine. 
 
 A = C 40 H 24 20 Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. In- 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, or 
 ammonia. (Cailliot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 21. 
 36.) 
 
 B = c 40 H 24 10 Soluble in dilute cold alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ammonia-water, 
 or in alkaline lyes. (Cailliot, loc. cit.) 
 
 C = c 40 H 24 16 Soluble in alcohol, in ammo- 
 nia-water, and in alkaline 
 liquors. (Cailliot, loc. cit.) 
 
 RESIN OF XANTHOREA(from Xanthorrhea hos- 
 C 40 H 20 0, 2 tilis, from environs of Sydney). In- 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. Also soluble in solutions of 
 caustic alkalies. 
 
 RESiNEiN(of Fremy). 
 H u O 
 
 RESiNEONE(of Fremy). Easily soluble in al- 
 Cjg H 23 cohol. 
 
 RESiNoiN(of Fremy). Insoluble in water. 
 C M H tB Almost insoluble in alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 RESiNONE(of Fremy). Insoluble in water. 
 GH, H 9 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 RETINAPHTHA. Vid. Hydride of Toluenyl. 
 
 RETINASPHALTUM. Unacted upon by water. 
 Partially soluble in alcohol, potash-lye, and nitric 
 acid. (Hatchett.) 
 
 RETINIC ACID. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 C 21 H 14 3 (Johnston.) 
 RETINYL. Vid. Cumene. 
 
 RETINOL. Unacted upon by alkaline solutions. 
 (Retinolin.) 
 ' 
 
 RETISTERENE. Vid. MetaNaphthalin. 
 
 RHAMNiN(from Rhamnus frangula). Perhaps 
 identical with Chrysorhamnin. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble or insoluble in cold wa- 
 ter. Swells up in boiling water. Insoluble in 
 cold, easily soluble in boiling alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic and carbonated alkalies. Also in concen- 
 trated chlorhydric, and sulphuric acids, from 
 which solutions it is precipitated on the addition 
 of water. 
 
 RHAMNOTANNIC ACID. Almost insoluble in 
 cold, somewhat soluble in boiling water. Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of caustic ammonia, potash, and 
 lime. (Binschwanger.) 
 
 RHAMNOXANTHIN. Vid. Frangulin. 
 
 RHEADIC AciD(from Papaver rhotas). 
 (Rhaadic Acid. Papaveric Acid.) 
 
 RHODALUN. Vid. Thiosinnamin. 
 
 RHODEOHETIC ACID. Vid. Convolvulic 
 Acid. 
 
 RHODEORETINOLIC ACID. Vid. Convolvuli- 
 nolic Acid. 
 
 RHODIATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 RHODIATE OF LIME. 
 
 RHODIATE OF POTASH Soluble in nitric and 
 chlorhydric acids, also in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Descotils.) 
 
 RHODIATE OF SODA. 
 
 RHODANIDE OF X. Vid. SulphoCyanideof X. 
 
 RiiODiCvANiDE OF POTASSIUM. Resembles 
 C 12 N 6 Rh 2 K s = 3 K Cy, Rh 2 Cy 3 Iridicyanide of Po- 
 tassium, q. v . 
 (Claus, Beitrage, p. 96.) 
 
 RHODIUM. Insoluble in nitric or chlorhydric 
 Rh acid, in dilute sulphuric acid, or even in aqua- 
 regia. (H. Rose, Tr.) Scarcely soluble in 
 any acid. When alloyed with bismuth, lead, cop- 
 per, or platinum, it is soluble in aqua-regia ; but 
 it is not soluble therein when combined with gold 
 or silver. (Wollaston.) 
 
 RHODIZONIC ACID. Readily soluble in wa- 
 ter, alcohol, and ether. (Heller.) 
 
 The alkaline rhodizonates are soluble in water ; 
 those of the alkaline earths are in part soluble, 
 while others are difficultly soluble, or insoluble ; 
 most of those of the metals proper are insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF ALUMINA. Insoluble in 
 water. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 480.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF AMMONIAC Readily solu- 
 ble in water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter, alcohol, or ether. (Heller.) Sparingly sol- 
 uble in strong acetic acid. (Werner.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF BISMUTH. Ppt. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF CERIUM. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF COBALT. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 RHODIZONATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Slightly soluble in water. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF GLUCINA. Readily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
532 
 
 RICINOLATE S. 
 
 RHODIZONATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water, 
 or alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water, 
 with subsequent decomposition. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF MAGNESIA. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 RHODIZONATE of dinoxide OF MERCUKT. In- 
 soluble in water, or alcohol. 
 
 RHODIZONATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. In- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water. ( Gerhard t's Tr.) Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, scarcely more soluble in hot wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol, or ether. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) The aqueous solution gradually under- 
 goes decomposition on standing. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF STRONTIA. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE of binoxide OF TELLURIUM. 
 Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 RHODIZONATE of protoxide OF TIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF TITANIUM. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF URANIUM. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 RHODIZONATE OF ZIRCONIA. Easily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 
 RHODOTANNIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 C 28 H 12 14 = C 28 H 10 0, 2 , 2 H 
 
 RHODOTANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 RHODOTANNATE OF TlN(Sn Os). Ppt. 
 
 RHODOXANTHIN. 
 C 28 H 14 10 
 
 RHOEADINIC AciD(from Papaver rhoeas). 
 Somewhat hygroscopic. Easily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Leo Meier.) 
 
 RHUSTANNIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 
 RHUSTANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C lg H 14 Pb 2 15 
 
 RICINELAIDIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 
 (Palmic Acid, isomeric u bl e in all proportions 
 
 wah .R^oitc Ac,d.) in strong alcohol, and 
 
 C S8 H^ 6 = C 30 H 33 6 , H . n ether S g^^, e ^ 
 
 5 pts. of alcohol of 22 (B ?), at the temperature 
 of 50 (C.). 
 
 Only the alkaline ricinelaidates are soluble in 
 water, but some of the others are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 RlCINELAIDATE OF AMMONIA. 
 RlCINELAIDATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 C 3n H 33 Ba 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF COPPER. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol of 40%. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF ETHYL. Tolerably solu' 
 Cgu H S3 (C 4 H 6 ) O 6 ble in cold, readily soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Ricin- 
 Elaidin. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF LEAD. Soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF LIME. Very sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 alcohol, especially if this be warm. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. The aqueous solution is decom- 
 posed by much water, with separation of an acid 
 salt. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 C 30 H 33 Ag O a water or alcohol. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Bouis, Ann, Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 85.) Insoluble in ether. 
 
 RICINELAIDATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Decomposed by much water; free alkali remain- 
 ing in solution, while an acid salt separates. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 RICINELAIDIN. Insoluble in water. 100 pts. 
 (Palmin.) of alcohol of 36 (B 1) dissolve 50 pts. 
 O 78 H 72 14 of it at the temperature of 30 (C.). 
 Very soluble in ether. 
 
 RICINOLAMID. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 N CC 30 H 33 O 4 ' alcohol, and ether. Decomposed 
 
 i H 3 by acids. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 96.) 
 
 RICINOLIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Mis- 
 (Elaiodic Acid. Isomeric cible in all proportions 
 with RicmElaidic Acid.) w ; th alcohol and 
 
 L s6 H 3i OG = ^se u ss " 5 i H w ether 
 
 The metallic salts of ricinolicacid are soluble in 
 alcohol, and some of them are also soluble in ether. 
 
 RICINOLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 RICINOLATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 
 C SG H 33 Ba 6 in cold water, and alcohol. Very 
 
 soluble in warm alcohol. Soluble 
 
 in ammonia-water. (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 (3.) 44. 100.) 
 
 RICINOLATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or very 
 c so H 3s ( C 4 H H )0 6 sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 RICINOLATE OF LEAD. Easily soluble in 
 C 3(i I^ Pb O 6 ether. 
 
 RICINOLATE OF LIME. 
 C 36 H 33 Ca O e 
 
 RICINOLATE OF MAGNESIA. Readily soluble 
 C 30 Hsa Mg 6 in alcohol. 
 
 RICINOLATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 C^HsgAgOg Very sparingly soluble in cold,- 
 easily soluble in warm alcohol. 
 Very sparingly soluble in ether. (Bouis, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 100.) Sparingly soluble 
 in hot alcohol or ether, with partial decompo- 
 sition. 
 
 RICINOLATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 sodium. (Bouis.) 
 
 RICINOLATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in hot, 
 c so H ss Sr 6 l ess soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 RICINOLATE OF ZINC. 
 
 RivuLiN(from Rivula tubulosa). Permanent. 
 Forms a slimy solution with water. 
 
 ROBINIC ACID. Said to be identical with As- 
 paragin. 
 
RUFIN. 
 
 533 
 
 ROCCELLIC ACID. Insoluble even in boiling 1 
 (Roccellin.) water. Soluble in 1.81 
 
 ^'24 H 22 O fl = C 24 H 21 5 , H pts. of alcohol of 
 0.819 sp. gr. Very 
 
 readily soluble in ether. Insoluble in dilute acids. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline car- 
 bonates. Insoluble in lime or baryta-water. 
 
 ROCCELLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies. 
 
 ROCCELLATE OF BARYTA. 
 ROCCELLATE OF LEAD. 
 I.) basic. 
 
 C 24 H 21 Pb 6 ; Pb 
 ROCCELLATE OF LIME. 
 
 ROCCELLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic al- 
 kalies. 
 
 ROCCELLININ. Soluble in boiling, but scarcely 
 C M H IO 14 at all soluble in cold alcohol. Scarcely 
 at all soluble in cold ether. Easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water, and in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the caustic alkalies. (Stcnhouse.) 
 ROCCILLIN. Vid. Roccellic Acid. 
 ROCHELLE SALT* Vid. Tartrate of Potash & 
 of Soda. 
 
 Rocou. Vid. Annotto. 
 
 ROSACIC AciD(of Prout). Was impure Uric 
 Acid. 
 
 RosEoCoBALT. The salts of roseocobalt are, 
 5 N H s . Coj 3 for the most part, nearly insoluble 
 in cold water ; but soluble, with- 
 out decomposition, in slightly acidulated warm 
 water ; this solution is easily decomposed by boil- 
 ing. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithson. Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 RosiTO(of Batilliat). (Rose-red coloring mat- 
 ter in sediment of new wine.) Soluble in water, 
 and without decomposition, in sulphuric acid of 
 66. Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Ba- 
 tilliat, Traitt sur les Vins dela France.) 
 
 ROSOLIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 C 46 H 22 O 8 == Ce H 2t 7 , H cold, and still less sol- 
 uble in boiling water. 
 
 Water precipitates it from the alcoholic solution. 
 Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric, chlorhydric, and acetic 
 acids. Soluble, with combination, in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 ROSOLATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Runge.) 
 
 ROTTLERIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly sol- 
 C 22 H 10 6 uble in cold, more soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Easily soluble in ether. Sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of the caustic and car- 
 bonated alkalies. Soluble in cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid. (Anderson.) 
 
 RUBERYTHRIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 r H o - c a>"4<V' lo j.2Aa cold water ' 
 C 3! H 18 o w - H * c 2 ,| n Olo } + " A 4 Very easily 
 
 soluble in 
 
 boiling water, alcohol, and ether. Also soluble 
 in alkaline solutions. 
 
 RUBIC ACID. Insoluble, or very sparingly 
 (Ruf o Cat echveic Acid, soluble in water. In- 
 
 KubniicAcid.) soluble in dilute chlor- 
 
 ^10 H R U in = C.a H fi U o . rl U , ... . j 
 
 hydnc acid. 
 
 RUBATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in wa- 
 ter. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 RCBATE OF SILVER. 
 C Jt H, Ag 10 
 
 The other metallic rubates are sparingly solu- 
 ble precipitates. (Svanberg.) 
 
 RUBIACIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 C 31 H 6 17 (?) boiling water, and alcohol. Soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 Also soluble, with partial decomposition, in boil- 
 ing concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 RUBIACATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 especially if this be. hot. (Schunck, Rep. Br. 
 Assoc., 1847, p. 124.) 
 
 RUBIACIN. Is thought to be identical with Ali- 
 
 in boiling wa- 
 
 ter. Soluble in warm alcohol, and in boiling acetic 
 acid, without change. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. Soluble in warm dilute 
 nitric acid, without decomposition, but it is de- 
 composed by boiling concentrated nitric acid. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic and 
 carbonated alkalies. (Schunck, Rep. Br. Assoc., 
 1847, p. 123.) 
 
 RUBIADIN. 
 
 RDBIADINIC ACID. Vid. Imasatinic Acid. 
 
 RUBIAFIN. 
 RUBIAGIN. 
 
 RUBIAN. Is considered by Rochleder to be 
 
 " C jn H 84 O so ," or identical with ruber- 
 
 C 32 H 10 b 16 -t- Aq(Gerhardt). thyric acid; but the 
 
 latter is only sparingly 
 
 soluble in cold water, while rubian is readily sol- 
 uble therein. Somewhat less soluble in alcohol 
 than in water. Insoluble in ether. Acids precipi- 
 tate it from the aqueous solution. (Schunck.) 
 
 RDBIANIN. More soluble in water, but less 
 soluble in alcohol, than alizarin. 
 
 RUBICHLORIC ACID. 
 C 14 H 8 8 , H 
 
 RUBINIC ACID. Vid. Rubic Acid. 
 RUBITANNIC ACID. Very hygroscopic. Solu- 
 C 28 H 16 18 + 7 Aq = C M H 14 O 16 , 2 HO +7 Aq ble in 
 
 water. 
 
 RUBlTANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 RuFiGALLic ACID. Soluble in 3333 pts. of 
 (ParaEllagic Acid.) boiling water. 
 
 C 28 Hg 16 = C 28 He 14 , 2 H + 4 Aq Insoluble, or 
 
 nearly so in 
 
 coM water. Difficultly soluble in alcohol or 
 ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 RcriGALLATE OF POTASH. Very soluble in 
 water. 
 
 RUFIMORIC ACID. Very easily soluble in 
 C U H 7 O 8 alcohol; less soluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in ether. Soluble in 
 all proportions in water which contains a little 
 caustic ammonia. Soluble, without alteration, in 
 concentrated sulphuric, and chlorhydric acids ; 
 also soluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 and carbonated alkalies. 
 
 RUFIMORATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 3 Cu O, 2 C, 4 H 7 O 8 
 
 RCFIMORATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water, 
 2 Pb O, C 14 H 7 8 alcohol, or ammonia-water. Sol- 
 uble in acetic acid, and in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 RUFIN. Soluble in boiling water. Readily 
 
 C 4 , H 20 16 soluble in alcohol. Almost insoluble 
 
 in ether. Soluble in aqueous solu- 
 
 tions of caustic potash, and ammonia. Soluble 
 
534 
 
 SABADILLIN. 
 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid, with combination. 
 Insoluble in chlorhydric -acid. Decomposed by 
 nitric acid. 
 
 RUFIN SULPHURIC ACID. Soluble in water, 
 but the solution undergoes decomposition when 
 evaporated. (Mulder.) 
 
 RUFINSULPHATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. (Mulder.) 
 
 RUFINSULPHATE OF LlME. 
 
 I. ) C u H, 5 , S 8 ; Ca 0, S 3 + H Decomposed 
 
 by . water, 
 which retains No. II. in solution. 
 
 II. ) 2 C 14 H, B , S 3 ; Ca 0, S 3 + .H Hygro- 
 scopic. 
 
 Difficultly soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol, 
 ether, or oils. (Mulder, J. pr. Ch., 18. 357, cited 
 in Wittstein's Bandw.) 
 
 RuFoCATECHUCic ACID. Vid. Rubic Acid. 
 
 RUMICIN. Vid. Chrysophanic Acid. 
 
 RUTAMID. Vid. Rutylamid. 
 
 RUTHENIC ACID. 
 Ru0 3 
 
 RUTHENATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) basic. Soluble in water, at least if this con- 
 tain caustic alkali. 
 
 RUTHENIOCYANHYDRIC ACID. Easily solu- 
 .Ru Cy, 2 II Cy ble in water, and spirit. Less sol- 
 uble in ether. (Glaus, Beitrage, 
 pp. 97, 98.) 
 
 RUTHENIOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Efflo- 
 C 6 H 3 Ru K z + 3 Aq = 2 K Cy, Ru Cy + 3 Aq resces in 
 
 dry air. 
 
 Easily soluble in water. Difficultly soluble in 
 spirit. It crystallizes in all proportions with fer- 
 rocyanide of potassium. (Claus, Beitrage, pp. 
 97, 99.) 
 
 RUTHENIUM. Nearly insoluble in acids, aqua- 
 Eu regia alone dissolving a trace of it. 
 
 RUTIC ACID. Vid. Rutylic Acid. 
 
 RUTILIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or gla- 
 cial acetic acid. Insoluble in alkaline solutions. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. (Bracon- 
 not.) Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, or boil- 
 ing potash-lye. Soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid ; also, with subsequent decomposition, 
 in nitric acid. (Mulder.) 
 
 " RUTINIC ACID." Vid. Quercitrin. 
 
 RUTINIC ACID. Insoluble in cold, soluble in 
 
 C t2 H 8 0, = C u H 7 O 7 , H boiling water. It does 
 
 not separate out from 
 
 the hot solutions as this becomes cold, but by 
 evaporation it may be recrystallized. It behaves 
 in a similar manner with alcohol. Insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 RUTINATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 " RUTIN." Vid. Quercetrin. 
 RUTYLALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Rutyl. 
 
 RUTYLAMID. Insoluble in water, or ammonia- 
 (Rutamid. Caprinamid. Capramid.) water. Easily 
 
 N lH 2oHl9 > soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and 
 ether. ( Rowney.) 
 
 RUTYLIC ACID. Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 
 (Capric And.) soluble in boiling wa- 
 
 C 20 H 20 4 = C M H 19 3 , H ter. Readily soluble 
 
 in cold alcohol, and 
 
 ether. Soluble, without alteration, in warm con- 
 centrated nitric, and chlorhydric acids, from which 
 solutions it is precipitated on the addition of 
 
 water. (Rowney.) Soluble in about 1000 pts. of 
 water at 20. Soluble in all proportions in abso- 
 lute alcohol. (Chevreul.) All caprates, except- 
 ing those of the alkalies, are but sparingly soluble 
 in water. (Lerch.) 
 RUTYLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 RUTYLATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Soluble 
 C 2n H 19 Ba 4 in boiling, less soluble in cold wa- 
 ter. Less soluble in water than the 
 caprylate. After having become dry it is insolu- 
 ble in water, since this cannot moisten it, but if 
 wet with alcohol it again becomes soluble in 
 water. Soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 100 pts. of water at 20 dissolve 0.5 pt. of it; 
 the aqueous solution undergoes decomposition 
 when left to itself. (Chevreul. [T.].) 
 
 RUTYLATE OF COPPER. Insoluble in water, 
 or alcohol. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 RUTYLATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in cold wa- 
 (Capric Ether.) ter. Easily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 ^20 H 18 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 and ether. (Rowney.) 
 
 RUTYLATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 C 20 H 19 Pb 4 Very sparingly soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. (Rowney.) 
 
 RUTYLATE OF LIME. More soluble than the 
 
 C 20 H IB Ca 4 baryta-salt in water, and alcohol. 
 
 (Rowney.) Soluble in boiling 
 
 water, though less readily than the baryta-salt, 
 
 crystallizing gut on cooling. (Gottlieb.) 
 
 RUTYLATE OF MAGNESIA. Difficultly solu- 
 C 20 H 19 Mg O 4 ble in cold water. 
 
 RUTYLATE OF POTASH. Very easily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 RUTYLATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in cold, 
 C 20 H 19 Ag 4 sparingly soluble in boiling water ; 
 more soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 Easily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 RUTYLATE OF SODA. Readily soluble in 
 C 20 H 19 Na0 4 cold water, and alcohol. 
 
 RUTYLATE OF STRONTIA. 100 pts. of water 
 C,, H 19 Sr0 4 at 17.7 dissolve 0.5 pt. of it. 
 (Chevreul. [T.].) 
 
 RUTYLIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Rutyl. 
 
 S. 
 
 SABADILLIC Acio(from Veratrum Sabadilla). 
 Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. (Pelletier & 
 Caventou.) 
 
 SABADILLIN (from Veratrum Sabadilla). 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C H N 5 easily soluble in boiling water. Also 
 soluble in alcohol, from which it 
 does not crystallize on cooling. Insoluble in 
 ether. Soluble, with combination, in dilute acids. 
 (Conrbe.) Simon doubted the existence of saba- 
 dillin, asserting that it was nothing but a mix- 
 ture of resinate of soda, and resinate of veratnn ; 
 but Huebschmann supports Courbe's results, and 
 describes it as being soluble in 143 pts. of boiling 
 water. Ether only dissolves traces. The aqueous 
 solution is partially precipitated on the addition of 
 carbonate of potash, but not by ammonia-water. 
 
 II.) hydrated. Easily soluble in water, and al- 
 C..HUNO. cohol. Insoluble in ether. Soluble 
 in acids, with combination. 
 (Courbe.) 
 
SALICIN. 
 
 535 
 
 SACCHARIC ACID. Very deliquescent. Ea- 1 
 (Oxal/iylric Add. HydrOxalic sily soluble in water, j 
 A'.u. Zwkersaure.) Miscible, in all pro- 
 
 C5 u H tB M = CH r ^,ai P portions, with alco- 
 hol. (Gue'rin-Varry.) Readily soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Heintz.) Sparingly soluble in boiling 
 ether. Insoluble in cold, and only very sparingly 
 soluble in boiling oil of turpentine. (Guerin- 
 Varry. ) 
 
 The bibasic saccharates are sparingly soluble 
 in water ; the monobasic salts, however, are easily 
 soluble. 
 
 SACCHAKATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water. (Varry.) 
 More soluble than the acid salt in water. ( Heintz.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in 82 pts. of 
 C,, H, (N H 4 ) 0, water at 15, and in 4 pts. of 
 boiling water. Insoluble in 
 cold, soluble in hot alcohol. (Varry.) Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Somewhat soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of bisaccharate of potash. 
 
 SACCHARATE OF AMMONIUMCHLOROPLATIN- 
 (Gros's Saccharate.-) (os)AMMONIUM. Somewhat 
 soluble in water. (Gros, Ann. 
 der Pharm., 1838, 27. 256.) 
 
 SACCHARATE OF BARTTA. 
 
 I.) normal. When precipitated from cold sola- 
 ce H 8 B& 2 16 tions it is moderately soluble in 
 water (Varry, Heintz) ; but when 
 precipitated from hot solutions it is crystalline, 
 and very sparingly soluble in water. (Heintz.) 
 Soluble "in saccharic acid. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 SACCHARATE OF BISMUTH. Insoluble in 
 C,, H 4 Bi, 18 + 4 Aq water. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 acids. (Heintz.) 
 
 SACCHARATE OF CADMIUM. Nearly insoluble 
 C w H 8 Cd, 18 in cold, somewhat more soluble in 
 
 boiling water. (Heintz.) 
 
 SACCHARATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 SACCHARATE OF COPPER. Slightly soluble 
 in water. (Heintz.) 
 
 SACCHARATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SACCHARATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SACCHARATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal? Insoluble in cold, sparingly sola 
 ble in boiling water. Readily soluble in sac 
 charic and other acids ; also soluble in ammonia 
 water. (Erdmann.) 
 
 II.) acid? Soluble in water. (Erdmann.) 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Erdmann.) 
 SACCHARATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. When precipitated from cold solu 
 C,, H, Csj O, 6 + 2 Aq tions it is moderately soluble 
 
 in water (Varry, Heintz) 
 
 but when precipitated from hot solutions it is crys 
 talline and nearly insoluble in boiling water 
 (Heintz.) Soluble in saccharic and chlorhydri 
 acids. 
 II.) acid. 
 
 SACCHARATE OF MAGNESIA. Very sparinglj 
 C,, H 8 Mgj O,, + 6 Aq soluble in cold, somewha 
 more readily soluble in boil 
 ing water. (Heintz.) 
 
 SACCHARATE of protoxide OF MERCURY (Hg 
 0). Nearly insoluble in water. (Varry.) 
 
 SACCHARATE OF POTASH. 
 I.) normal. Deliquesces in very damp air. Sol- 
 C, 2 H 8 K 2 0, 8 uble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 88 @ 90 pts. of water at 
 , 2 H 9 K 0,8 6 @ 8. (Heintz.) Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, tolerably soluble in 
 warm, and easily soluble in hot water. (Heintz.) 
 SACCHARATE OF SILVER. Sparingly soluble 
 12 H 8 Ag, 0, 6 in cold, more readily soluble in 
 hot water. Readily soluble in 
 ammonia-water. On boiling the solutions they 
 are decomposed. 
 
 SACCHARATE OF SODA. 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 SACCHARATE OF STRONTIA. 
 I.) normal. Ppt. 
 II.) acid. 
 
 SACCHARATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in cold, sparingly sola- 
 ', 2 H 8 Zn 2 O, 2 + Aq ble in boiling water ; more 
 soluble in saccharic acid. 
 Varry; Thaulow.) 
 
 SAFRANiN(from Crocus Sativa). Very spar- 
 Polycroite. Crodc Acid.) ingly soluble in water. 
 'jo H is On Readily soluble in alco- 
 
 hol. Almost insoluble 
 
 in ether, and in the fatty and essential oils. Ea- 
 ily soluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies. (N. E. Henry.) Soluble in water, a 
 trace of free alkali in the latter increasing the 
 solubility to a high degree. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. Very difficultly soluble in ether. 
 (Quadrat.) 
 
 SAGEPENUM. See under RESINS. 
 SAL-AMMONIAC. Vid. Chloride of Ammonium. 
 SAL ALEMBROTH. Vid. Chloride of Ammo- 
 nium & of Mercury(Hg Cl). 
 
 SALHYDRAMID. Vid. Hydride of AzoSalicyl. 
 SALICIN. Permanent. Soluble in 17.85 pts. of 
 _ _C U H T 2 ) n water at 19.5, and more 
 - 8 Hi8 u " ~C, 2 H,, 10 J Uj freely, perhaps in all pro- 
 portions, in boiling water. 
 
 (Pelouze & Gay-Lussac.) Soluble in 14 pts. of 
 water at 17 (Braconnot) ; in 30.31 pts. at 11.5 
 (Piria) ; in 28.57 pts. at the ordinary tempera- 
 ture (Bouchardat) ; in 6 pts. of water at 18.75 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschriftfiir Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76) ; in 
 5.6 pts. of cold, and in much less boiling water; 
 in 22 pts. of cold, and 0.5 pt. of hot water. 
 
 No more soluble in alcohol than in water. 
 (Braconnot.) Soluble in 30 pts. of cold, and 
 3 pts. of hot alcohol. Insoluble in ether, oil of 
 turpentine, or the fatty oils. 
 
 Soluble in cold, and more abundantly in hot 
 creosote (Reichenbach) ; and in warm hydrate of 
 anisyl. Soluble in acetic acid, and may be ob- 
 tained again unchanged by evaporating the solu- 
 tion to dryness. (Braconnot; Hopff.) More 
 easily soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkalies 
 than in water. Does not combine with acids. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Decomposed by dilute sulphuric 
 and chlorhydric acids. Cold concentrated nitric 
 acid dissolves salicin more abundantly than water, 
 and does not decompose it at first. (Braconnot.) 
 
 SALICIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 C a6 H u Pb 4 O u water. Soluble in acetic acid, and 
 in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. 
 
536 
 
 SAL1CYLATES. 
 
 SALICON. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 
 SALICYLAMIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 (Isomcric with, Anthranilic. and Benzamic Acids.) c O 1 d, 
 C 14 H 7 N0 4 = N5S uH a ".0, HO more 
 
 abun- 
 dantly soluble in boiling water. (Procter.) 
 Scarcely at all soluble in cold, much more soluble 
 in boiling water. Still more soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Cahonrs, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 10. 
 350.) Abundantly soluble in alcohol, and ether, 
 especially when these are hot ; also soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash and ammonia. 
 (Procter.) Soluble in warm aqueous solutions of 
 caustic ammonia and of the alkaline carbonates, 
 separating out again unchanged when these solu- 
 tions are evaporated. (Limpricht.) 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 C 14 H 6 Cu M 4 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Ethyl Sali- 
 cylamic Acid. 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF LIME. Very easily solu- 
 C 14 H 6 Ca N 4 ble in water. 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Easily solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 14 H Ag N 4 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF SOIXA. Soluble in water. 
 
 SALICYLAMATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 
 C H.SrNOi water. (Limpricht, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 98. 256.) 
 SALICYLAMID. Insoluble in water. Scarcely 
 
 r TT NO N i c " H **" at all soluble in boil- 
 C 14 H B N o, = N j H ing alcohol; or ether 
 
 Soluble in an alco- 
 holic, but insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic ammonia. (Limpricht.) 
 
 SALICYLANILID. Vid. PhenylSalicoylamid. 
 
 SALICYLIC ACID( Anhydrous). 
 
 I.) Insoluble in boiling water, or ether. Ex- 
 
 (Salicylid.) tremely sparingly solu- 
 
 C 14 H, 4 = C u H 4 O a " ( 2 ble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 (Gerhardt & Socoloff, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 323.) 
 
 II.) meta (or mono atomic) Salicylic Acid. In- 
 (Salicylic Anhydride. Salicylic soluble in cold 
 talieylate. SalicylatcofSalicyl.) acidified by boiling 
 OH H, O, *'** TfcjO* water. Soluble in 
 
 boiling, less solu- 
 ble in cold alcohol. Soluble in boiling ether. 
 (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 37. 323.) 
 
 SALICYLIC ACID. Permanent. Sparingly sol- 
 
 (Spiroylic Acid. Hyper Spiroylic u ble in Cold, abun- 
 
 Acid. Jsomeric with Jimpelic, and dantly so l u bl e in 
 
 OxyBenzou Acids) fe ^ 
 
 C tt fl.O to -C tt H.Q R a] (8^^,..) Solu . 
 
 ble in 1087 pts. of water at O 8 . (Kolbe, Lehrb., 
 2- 247.) Very sparingly soluble in water at the 
 ordinary temperature ; much more soluble in 
 boiling water. Easily soluble in alcohol, espe- 
 cially when this is warm ; being much more solu- 
 ble in alcohol than in water. Tolerably readily 
 soluble in wood-spirit, especially when this is 
 warm. Readily soluble in cold, and still more 
 soluble in warm ether. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 cold, but soluble in about 5 pts. of boiling oil 
 
 of turpentine. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 1O. 338; & (3.) 13. 90.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF ACETYL. 
 C 14 H 6 (C 4 H 3 2 ) 8 
 
 SALICYLATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Very soluble in water. (Cahours, 
 C 14 H 5 (NH 4 )0 8 loc.cit.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF AMYL. 
 
 I.) acid. Insoluble in water. 
 (Hydrate of AmylSalicyl.) 
 C H (C H } 
 
 SALICYLATE OF AMYL & OF BENZOYL. 
 
 (Benzoatf. of AmylSalicyl.) 
 C 14 H 4 (C 10 H n .C 14 H 6 2 )0 6 
 
 SALICYLATE OF AMYL & OF ETHYL. 
 SALICYLATE OF AMYL & OF METHYL. 
 
 CII //I TT \ //~1 U \ f\ 
 U "4 WlO u ll) (\'t "3) U 6 
 
 SALICYLATE OF BARYTA. 
 I.) normal. Much less soluble in water than 
 C 14 H 4 Baj 6 + 4 Aq the acid salt. (Piria.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water. (Ettling. ) 
 C 14 H 6 Ba O a + Aq Very readily soluble in water. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 13. p. 94.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF BARYTA & OF COPPER. In- 
 C 14 H 4 Ba Cu 8 + 4 Aq soluble in water. (Piria.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF BENZOYL. Soluble in ether. 
 C J4 H 5 (C 14 H 6 2 ) 8 
 
 SALICYLATE OF BENZOYL & OF ETHYL. Ea- 
 
 (Benzoate of Ethyl Salicyl.) sily soluble in alcohol, 
 c, 4 H 4 (C 4 H 5 . C 14 H 6 2 ) 8 and ether. 
 
 SALICYLATE OF BENZOYL & OF METHYL. In- 
 
 (fSenzoate of Methyl Salicyl.) soluble in water. Ea- 
 
 C 14 H 4 (C 2 H 3 . C 14 H 5 O 2 ) 9 s ily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. (Gerhardt, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 45. 93.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal. Almost insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 C 14 H 4 Cu 2 O e + 2 Aq or ether. ( Piria.) 
 
 II.) acid. Readily soluble in large quantities 
 C 14 H 5 Cu 8 + 4 Aq of water, alcohol, and ether ; 
 but it is decomposed by these 
 liquids when added in small proportions, espe- 
 cially if they are .warm. (Piria, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 93. 264.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. Very 
 C 14 H 4 Cu K 6 + 4 Aq readily soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (Piria.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) acid, or mono. Vid. EthylSalicylic Acid. 
 C 14 H 5 (C 4 H.) 6 
 
 SALICYLATE OF ETHYL & OF SUCCINYL. In- 
 
 (Succinate of EthylSalicyl.) soluble in water. 
 
 ^44 H 22 Vl = O, j H 4 (C 4 H 5 )j 6 ; Very soluble in 
 'M H * (C 8 H 4 4 ) 8 boiling alcohol. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in ether. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 4 Pb.O s (Piria.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very sparingly soluble, or insoluble 
 C 14 H 5 Pb 6 + Aq in cold, soluble, with decom- 
 position, in boiling water. 
 (Piria.) Sparingly soluble in cold, easily soluble 
 in boiling water. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 13. pp. 91,98.) 
 
 III.) penta. Insoluble, or very sparingly solu- 
 C 14 H 4 Pb, 8 ; 3 Pb O ble in water. (Piria.) 
 
SALICYLITES. 
 
 587 
 
 4 
 
 n 4 
 
 " ) Ug 
 
 SALICYLATE or LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Nearly insoluble in water. (Piria.) 
 C 14 H 4 Ca 2 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) acid. Tolerably easily soluble in water 
 C, 4 H 5 Ca 6 + 2 Aq ( Cahours, he. cit. ; Ettling.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF MAGNESIA. Easily soluble 
 in water at the ordinary temperature, and still 
 more readily soluble in boiling water. (Cahours 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 97.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF METHYL. 
 
 (MethylSalicylate of Methyl.) 
 
 I.) normal. 
 C u H 4 (C 2 H 3 ) 2 8 
 
 II.) acid, or mono. Vid. Methyl Salicylic Acid. 
 C t4 H c (C 2 H 3 )0 6 
 
 SALICYLATE OF METHYL&rome, &c. Vid, 
 Bromo(&c.)Salicylate of Methyl. 
 
 SALICYLATE OF METHYLCUMYL. Vid. Cu- 
 minate of MethylSalicyl. 
 
 SALICYLATE OF METHYL & OF SUCCINYL. 
 
 (Succinate of MethylSalicyl.) Sparingly soluble 
 
 ^ 6 ' in cold > somewhat 
 
 111 t .1. 
 
 soluble in boiling 
 alcohol. Sparingly soluble in ether. (Gerhardt, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 45. 96.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water, and in boiling con- 
 
 C 14 H 6 K O a -r- Aq centrated alcohol. Readily sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. (Ca- 
 
 hours, loc. cit. ) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF SALICYL. Vid. Salicylic 
 Acid( Anhydrous, No. II.). 
 
 SALICYLATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) acid. Almost insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 
 C 14 H 5 Ag0 6 soluble in warm water. (Ettling; 
 
 Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in water. 
 (Cahours, loc. cit.) 
 
 SALICYLATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. 
 (Cahours. loc. cit.) 
 
 SALICYLBENZAMIC ACID. When amorphous 
 (Benzoy IS alicy lamic Acid. Ben- it jg easily sol 
 
 1 oyis a licylamide(of Gerhardt).) ublft j n ^ 
 
 cJ*H50j .0,HO hoi 5 but the 
 H matter thus 
 
 dissolved soon 
 
 passes into a crystalline modification, which is 
 deposited in great part from the alcohol. The 
 crystalline modification is very sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol, and almost insoluble in ether. It is 
 not sensibly soluble in boiling water; but dissolves 
 in warm ammonia-water and in other alkaline 
 liquors. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 46. 139.) Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 aqueous solutions of potash, soda, strontia, or 
 warm carbonate of soda. (Limpricht.) 
 
 SALICYLBENZAMATE OF SILVER. When in 
 Cjg H 10 Ag N O 6 the viscous state it is easily solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 SALICYLBENZOYL. Vid. BenzoSalicyl. 
 SALICYLBENZOYLAMID. Soluble in about 
 
 (BenzoylSalicylimid) 10 00 pts. of boiling 
 
 C 28 H 8 N0 4 = N^ig*^ spirit. (Limpricht.) 
 
 SALICYLCUMYLAMIC ACID. Almost entirely 
 
 (CumylSalicylamid. SalicylCumylamid.) insoluble in 
 
 u 4 
 
 - 
 
 c M N n IM 
 C84 H t7 N0 6 _N 
 
 wn water. Very 
 jH 
 
 soluble in 
 
 68 
 
 ammonia-water. When in the viscous condition 
 it is soluble in cold alcohol, but soon separates 
 out again in a crystalline state. It is slightly 
 more soluble than salicylbcnzamic acid in alcohol. 
 Very sparingly soluble in ether. (Gerhardt & 
 Chiozza, Ann. CL et Phys., (3.) 46. HI.) 
 
 SALICYLID. Vid. Salicylic Acid (Anhydrous, 
 No. I.) 
 
 " SALICYLIDE OF X." Vid. Salicylite of X. 
 
 SALICYLIDE OF ACETYL. Vid. AcetoSalicyl. 
 
 SALICYLIDE OF BENZOYL. Vid. BenzoSalicyl. 
 
 SALICYLIDE OF TOLDYL. Vid. ToluoSalicyl. 
 
 SALiCYLiMio(of Gerhardt). Vid. Hydride of 
 AzoSalicyl. 
 
 SALicYLiMiD(of Limpricht). Vid. Salicy- 
 lamid. 
 
 SALICYLOUS ACID. Abundantly soluble in 
 (Hydride of Salicyl. Spiroylous Acid, water. Solu- 
 Spirous Acid. Ulmaric Acid. Salicuy- hl^'in all r,i 
 lie J3cid. Essence de reine da pr/s. ble '." a11 P r ' 
 Isomeric with Benzoic Acid.) portions in al- 
 
 C 14 H 6 4 = C 14 ll s 3 , H cohol, and 
 
 ether. Read- 
 ily soluble, with combination, in aqueous solutions 
 of the caustic and carbonated alkalies. Decom- 
 posed by concentrated sulphuric acid. The alka- 
 line salts of salicylous acid are tolerably soluble 
 in water ; the other salts are insoluble. 
 
 SALICYLITE OF AMMONIA. 
 ( Salicylammonium.) 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Sparingly sol- 
 C 14 H 5 (N H 4 ) 4 uble in cold, abundantly soluble 
 in hot alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. More soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SALICYLITE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly 
 C, 4 H 6 Ba 4 + 2 Aq soluble in cold water. 
 
 SALICYLITE ofdinoxide OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 SALICYLITE of protoxide OF COPPER. Diffi- 
 C 14 H S Cu0 4 cultly soluble in water or alcohol. 
 
 SALICYLITE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 SALICYLITE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SALICYLITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Lrewig & 
 C 14 H 6 Pb 4 ; Pb Weidmann. ) 
 
 SALICYLITE OF LIME. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SALICYLITE OF MAGNESIA. Nearly insoluble 
 in water. (Loewig.) 
 
 SALICYLITE of .protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 SALICYLITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent in dry air. Sparingly 
 C 14 H 5 K 4 soluble in water. Readily soluble in 
 hot, less soluble in cold absolute al- 
 cohol. (Piria.) Soluble in less than 4 vols. of 
 hot alcohol of 50%. (Ettling.) 
 
 II.) acid. Decomposed by water. Soluble in 
 C 14 H 5 K0 4 , C 14 H 6 4 hot, less soluble in cold al- 
 cohol. (Ettling.) 
 
 SALICYLITE OF SILVER. Ppt. Decomposed 
 when heated with water. (Loewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 SALICYLITE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 3 14 H 5 Na 4 , C 14 H 6 4 + Aq alcohol. ( Ettling. ) 
 
 SALICYLITE OF STRONTIA. Sparingly soluble 
 n water. 
 
 SALICYLITE OF ZINC. 
 SALICYLOSANILID. Vid. PhenylSalicoylamid. 
 
538 
 
 SARCIN. 
 
 SALICYLTTRIC ACID. Readily soluble in boil- 
 18 H 9 N 8 ing, less soluble in cold water. Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol. Tolerably sol- 
 uble in ether. Soluble in warm, fuming chlor- 
 hydric acid, and separates out unchanged when 
 the solution is cooled ; but when the chlorhydric 
 solution is boiled during two or three hours it is 
 decomposed. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SALICYLURATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold water. 
 
 SALICYLURATE OF LIME. 
 I.) Sparingly soluble in cold water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 II.) Insoluble in boiling water. 
 SALIGENIN. Soluble in 15 pts. of water at 22, 
 C 14 H g 4 and in almost all proportions in boiling 
 water. Very soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. Ether removes it from the aqueous solu- 
 tion. Soluble in cold ammonia- water, without 
 sensible alteration at first ; but the solution sub- 
 sequently undergoes decomposition. Decom- 
 posed by acids. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 14. 
 261.) 
 
 . SALIRETIN. Insoluble in water, or ammonia- 
 ( Saiicetin.) water. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 C U H 6 2 concentrated acetic acid, from which 
 solutions it is precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of water. Also soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic potash and soda. (Piria.) 
 
 SALITHOL. Vid. Phenate of Ethyl. 
 
 SALTPETRE. Vid. Nitrate of Potash. 
 
 SALT OF TARTAR. Vid. Carbonate of Pot- 
 ash. 
 
 SALYLIC ACID. Very easily soluble in boil- 
 (Isomeric with Benzoic Acid.) ing water, and is also 
 C 14 Ha 4 = C )4 H 5 3 , H much more abun- 
 dantly soluble in cold 
 
 water than benzoic acid. Soluble in 237 pts. of 
 water at 0. Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether, 
 especially in the latter. Its salts are all soluble in 
 water. (Kolbe & Lautemann, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 115. 187. [K.].) 
 
 SALYLATE OF BARYTA. More soluble in wa- 
 
 C 14 H 6 Ba 4 + 2 Aq ter than the benzoate. (K. 
 
 & L.) 
 
 SALYLATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 C 14 H B Ca O 4 + 3 Aq 
 
 SALYLATE OF SILVER. Soluble in hot, less 
 C U H 6 Ag 4 soluble in cold water. (Griess.) 
 
 SALYLATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water, but 
 the solution is decomposed on boiling. 
 
 SANDARACH. See under RESINS. 
 
 SANGUINARIN. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 (Chelerythrin.) soluble in alcohol, 
 
 Cue H, 7 N 8 = N \ C^ H, 7 8 '" and in acids, with 
 combination, form- 
 ing salts which are for the most part readily solu- 
 ble in water. (Dana.) Insoluble in water. Sol 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. Most of its salts are 
 soluble in water. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 29. 
 120.) Soluble in -ether. (Schiel, Am. J. Sci. 
 (2.) 20. 220.) Soluble in ether and in the fixed 
 and volatile oils. Partially soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies, and in acetic 
 acid. (Parrish's Pharm., pp. 193, 398.) 
 
 SANTALIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Read 
 (Santalin.) ily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 C 30 H u 10 = Cgo H 1S 9 , H and ether. Easily sol- 
 uble in aqueous solu 
 tions of caustic ammonia, and potash. 
 
 SANTALATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 so HIS Ba OID 
 
 SANTALATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 lso H 13 Pb 10 , Pb 0, H 
 
 SANTONIC ACID. Permanent. Almost in- 
 (Santonin.') soluble in cold, some- 
 
 Hi 8 6 = GSO H 17 6 , H what more soluble in 
 boiling water. Soluble 
 in 5000 pts. of water at 17.5, and in 250 pts. at 
 100. 
 
 Readily soluble in boiling alcohol. Soluble in 
 43 pts. of alcohol at 22.5; in 12 pts. at 50, and 
 in 2.7 pts. at 80. Less soluble in ether, being 
 soluble in 75 pts. of ether at 17.5, and in 42 pts. 
 at 40. (Trommsdorff.) 100 pts. of chloroform 
 dissolve 23 pts. of pure santonin, and 33.3 pts. of 
 that which has become yellow from exposure to 
 sunlight. (Schlimpert, Kopp $ Will's J. B.,fiir 
 1859. p. 405.) Soluble, without decomposition, 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 solution it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 Also soluble in strong nitric acid ; but is decom- 
 posed by weak nitric acid. Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the fixed caustic alkalies. The salts 
 of santonin are decomposed when boiled with 
 water. 
 
 SANTONATE OF BARYTA. 
 C so H t7 Ba0 6 + 3Aq 
 
 SANTONATE OF LEAD. 
 CM H 17 Pb 6 + Aq 
 
 SANTONATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, and 
 Cgo H 17 Ca 6 + 2 Aq in weak alcohol. 
 
 SANTONATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 SANTONATE OF SODA. Abundantly soluble 
 C so H 17 Na 0, 4- 8 Aq in water. Soluble in strong 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 SANTONATE OF ZINC. 
 SANTONIN. Vid. Santonic Acid. 
 SAPOGENIN. Vid. Quinovatic Acid. 
 SAPONIC ACID. Vid. Quinovatic Acid. 
 SAPONIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, abun- 
 
 (Senegin. Seneguin. Polygattic Jlcid. dantly soluble 
 Githagin. Struthun. Polygalin.) j n no j wa { er> 
 
 C H 28 20 (or 24 ) Soluble in ab- 
 
 solute alcohol, but more readily in dilute spirit. 
 More soluble in hot than in cold alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. (Bolley, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 
 212.) Easily soluble" in water. More difficultly 
 soluble in alcohol in proportion as this is stronger. 
 500 pts. of boiling absolute alcohol dissolve only 
 1 pt. of it, and this is almost completely deposited as 
 the solution cools. Insoluble in ether. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) Decomposed by chlorhydric and nitric 
 acids. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 apparently with decomposition. 
 
 SARCIN. Soluble in 300 pts. of water at 15, 
 
 (Sarkin. Isomeric, possibly and in 78 ptS. of 
 identical with. Hypo-Xant/iin.) boiling water. Solu- 
 
 r w N o N ) 0% ''* o ble in 9 P ts - of 
 
 L/ 1n U. Wi U 2 = IN 2 < '-'e "a "s , ... '. , i 
 
 (H 2 boiling alcohol.. 
 
 Much more readily 
 
 soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid, and in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic ammonia, potash, or even 
 baryta, than in water ; less readily soluble in di- 
 lute nitric or sulphuric acids, but soluble in these 
 acids when concentrated. Most of the salts of 
 sarcin are decomposed by water. (Strecker, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 10. 122.) 
 
SEBATES. 
 
 539 
 
 SARCIN with BARYTA. 
 
 M n 
 
 7 IN U 4 = 
 
 SARCIN with COPPER. Ppt. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 SARCIN with protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Insoluble in water. 
 
 SARCIN with SILVER. Insoluble in water, or 
 C 10 H 2 Ag 2 N 4 2 + Aq & 2 Aq ammonia-water, even 
 when these are boil- 
 ing. 
 
 SAECIN with ZINC. Ppt. Insoluble in water. 
 
 SARCOCOLLiN(from the sap of Pcenea mucro- 
 nata). Soluble in 40 pts. of cold, and in 25 pts. of 
 boiling water. Soluble in almost all proportions in 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. The saturated 
 aqueous solution deposits a substance which is 
 no longer soluble in water. 
 
 SARCOLACTIC ACID. Vid. Lactic Acid(modi- 
 fication a, from flesh). 
 
 SARCOSIN. Very soluble in water. Very spar- 
 
 (Isomeric with Alanln, ingly soluble in alco- 
 
 Urethcm, and Lactamid.) j, ol Insoluble in 
 
 P S H 2 O ether. Soluble in an 
 
 t; 4 H 6 . U 2 
 
 H aqueous solution of 
 
 protochloride of mer- 
 cury. (Liebig.) 
 SASSAFRAS-CAMPHOR. 
 
 Cjo H 10 O 4 
 
 SASSAPARILLIN. Vid. Smilacin. 
 
 SCAMMONIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SCAMMONATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in aque- 
 
 C 76 H M 0^3, 4 Pb O ous solutions of caustic ammo- 
 
 nia, or acetate of ammonia. 
 
 Soluble in dilute acetic acid. (Keller, Ann. Ch. 
 
 u. Pharm., 104. 63.) 
 
 SCAMMOKOLIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Cjj,, HSJ 7 = CJHS H s , 4 , 2 H + Aq Soluble in al- 
 
 cohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 SCAMMONOLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. "I Scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 C 36 H 32 B % e i water. Easily soluble in 
 
 II.) acid. | boiling alcohol. (Keller, 
 
 C 36 H33 Ba 6 + Aq J Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 104. 63.) 
 
 SCAMMONY RESIN. See under KESINS. 
 
 SCHEERERITE. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 C 4o H zo" soluble in alcohol. Readily soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 SciLLiTiN(from Scilla maritima). Hygro- 
 scopic. Easily soluble in water. (Bley.) Per- 
 manent. Sparingly soluble in water. Very solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 and nitric acids. (Labourdais, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 24. 63.) Hygroscopic. Sparingly soluble 
 in water. Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Tilloy.) Insoluble in water or oils. Soluble in 
 120 pts. of alcohol. Soluble in acids, with com- 
 bination. (Landerer.) 
 
 SCLERETINITE. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 (Pyroretin.) ether, or in aqueous solutions of the 
 C 20 H 14 O 2 caustic or carbonated alkalies, or in 
 acids, excepting strong nitric acid, 
 by which it is somewhat attacked. (J. W. 
 Mallet.) 
 
 SCOPARIN. Sparingly soluble in cold water ; 
 
 c H M IO readily soluble in boiling water, and 
 
 alcohol. After having been boiled 
 
 with a quantity of alcohol insufficient to dissolve it 
 the undissolved portion becomes very sparingly 
 soluble in water or alcohol, but regains its solu- 
 bility when dissolved in ammonia-water, and is 
 precipitated therefrom by acetic acid. Easily solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, 
 and alkaline earths. 
 
 ScoRDEiN(from Teucrium Scordium). 
 
 SCROPHULARIN. Soluble in water. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 423.) 
 
 ScuTELLARiN(from Scutdlaria lateriftora). 
 
 SCYLLITE. Permanent. Less soluble than 
 inosite in water. Insoluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in cold nitric acid of 1.3 sp. gr. Slowly soluble, 
 without alteration, in the same acid when boiling. 
 Alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous and nitric 
 acid solution. Unacted upon by cold, but is de- 
 composed by hot concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 SEBACIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 (PyrOleic Acid. Fettscture. ' cold, readily soluble 
 
 SebacylicMd.) in warm water. 
 
 C 20 H 18 8 = C 20 H 16 8 , 2 1 Read . ly so]uble . Q 
 
 alcohol, ether, and the fatty and essential oils. 
 (Berzelius.) Insoluble in cold, but soluble, with 
 partial decomposition, in hot nitric, acid of 1.3 @ 
 1.4 sp. gr. When this solution is diluted with 
 water, the unaltered sebacic acid is precipitated. 
 (Schlieper, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 7. 420.) It is also 
 soluble, without decomposition, in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, and, as a rule, is not easily decom- 
 posed by the action of acids or alkalies. 
 
 The alkaline sebates are readily soluble in wa- 
 ter ; those of the alkaline earths are difficultly 
 soluble, and those of the heavy metals insoluble. 
 
 SEBATE OF AMMONIA. 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. 
 C 20 H 16 (NH 4 ) 2 8 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 Cj H 17 (N H 4 ) 8 cold water. Sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SEBATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat soluble in 
 water. (Bouis.) 
 
 SEBATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 C 20 H 18 Cu 2 8 
 
 SEBATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in cold water. 
 C 20 H 16 (C 4 H S ) 2 8 Very easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Rowney, J. Ch. Soc., 4. 334.) 
 Also soluble in ether. 
 
 SEBATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble in 
 water. Partially soluble in ammonia-water, with 
 separation of a basic salt. 
 
 SEBATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) CjoH^PbjOg Insoluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 II.) basic. 
 
 SEBATE OF LIME. Very sparingly soluble in 
 C 20 H 16 Ca, 8 water. (Bouis.) 
 
 SEBATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 SEBATE OF METHYL. Soluble in alcohol. 
 CjoH^CCjH^O,, 
 
 SEBATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Very 
 C 20 H 16 K 2 O 8 readily soluble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. (Red- 
 tenbacher.) 
 
 SEBATE OF SILVER. Very sparingly soluble 
 C M H l9 Ag 2 8 in boiling water. Difficultly solu- 
 ; ble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
540 
 
 SELENIATES. 
 
 SEBATE OF SODA. Less soluble in water than 
 the potash salt. 
 
 Soluble in water. Insoluble in hot absolute 
 alcohol. (Schlieper, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 7. 420.) 
 
 SEBACIC ETHER. Vid. Sebate of Ethyl. 
 
 SEBACIN. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 (Isomeric with Men- in alcohol, ether, and the 
 thene and Camphin.) fatty o ji s Scarcely at all at- 
 c *> 18 tacked by concentrated sul- 
 
 phuric or nitric acid, or by an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Peterson, Ann. Ck. u. Pharm., 
 103. 184.) 
 
 SEBAMIC ACID. Keadily soluble in boiling 
 (Sebacylamic Acid.') water, in alco- 
 
 C, H 19 N Q 6 = N \ S 20 HW 4 "- 0, H hol, and very 
 
 easily in di- 
 lute ammonia-water. (Rowney, J. Ch. Soc., 4. 
 336.) 
 
 SEBAMID. Insoluble in cold, tolerably soluble 
 
 (Sebacylamid.) in boiling water. 
 
 C 20 H 20 N 2 4 = N 2 j o H I<> *" Slightly soluble in 
 
 cold, very easily 
 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. Insoluble in dilute 
 ammonia- water. (Rowney, J. Ch. Soc., 4. 335.) 
 
 SEBATES. See above under SEBACIC ACID. 
 
 "SEBATE OF X"(of Thenard). Vid. Ben- 
 zoate of X. ( Berzelius. ) 
 SEBIN. 
 
 (Sebate of Glyceryl (basic.).) 
 C 32 Hg,, 16 
 
 SECALIN. Vid. Propylamin. 
 
 SEIGNETTE SALT. Vid. Tartrate of Potash & 
 of Soda. 
 
 SELALEMBROTH. Vid. Chloride of Ammo- 
 nium & of Mercury(Hg Cl). 
 
 SELENALDIN. Sparingly soluble in water, the 
 
 , i ,. . solution under- 
 
 C 12 H 13 N Se 4 = N j C 12 H 13 Se 4 < goj - g decomposi . 
 
 tion when boiled. 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. Soluble in 
 dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 
 SELENETHYL. Insoluble in water. Soluble, 
 (Selenide of Ethyl. with decomposition, in warm, 
 Selenhydric Ether.) to i erab i y concentrated nitric 
 L-4 Me oe I . j * 
 
 cj Hg Se J aci d- 
 
 SELENHYDRIC ACID. More abundantly soln- 
 (HydroSelenic Acid. Seleniuretted ble in water than 
 Hydrogen. Selenide of Hydrogen.) fiul p hydric add . 
 
 This solution 
 gradually decomposes. 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF ALUMINUM. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 water, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when exposed to the air. 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF BARIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF CALCIUM. Soluble in 
 Cage, HSe water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 
 (EthylSelenhydric Acid. water. Soluble in al- 
 
 Selenium Mercaptan.) ui /Txr~ui o 
 
 r H s n H ire,, conol. ( Wcehler & 
 C 4 H 6 se 2 = C 4 H 5 Se, H Se ,-,. , v 
 
 Siemans.) 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF MAGNESIUM. Soluble in 
 water. ( Berzelius. ) 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in 
 water, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when exposed to the air. 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF SODIDM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 exposed to the air. 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF STRONTIUM. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SELENHYDRATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SELENHYDRIC ETHER. Vid. SelenEthyl. 
 
 SELENIC ACID. 
 
 o = anhydrous. Unknown in the free state. 
 Se 3 
 
 6 = hydrated. Hygroscopic. Soluble in water, 
 Se O 3 , H with great evolution of heat. 
 
 All the normal and acid salts of 
 selenic acid are soluble in water, excepting the 
 normal salts of baryta, strontia, lime, and lead, 
 which are nearly or quite insoluble in water, or 
 nitric acid. 
 
 SELENIATE OF ALUMINA. Similar to the ter- 
 A1 2 3 , 3 Se O 3 sulphate of alumina. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENIATE OF ARGENTWAMIN. Decomposes 
 
 N 2 \ H 6 . Ag 0, Se 3 in the air " , Readil y S lubl * in 
 2 ( ( water, and ammonia-water. 
 
 (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 SELENIATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water 
 BaO, Se 3 or nitric acid. (Berzelius.) It is 
 decomposed and dissolved by long- 
 continued boiling with chlorhydric acid. (H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 SELENIATE OF COBALT. 
 
 SELENIATE OF COPPER. Soluble in water. 
 Cu 0, Se 3 (Dumas, Jr.) 
 
 SELENIATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. 
 
 SELENIATE of protoxide OF IRON. Resembles 
 Fe 0, Se 3 sulphate of iron. 
 
 SELENIATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Both the 
 Fe 2 3 , 3 Se 3 normal and basic salts resemble 
 those of sulphuric acid. 
 
 SELENIATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water, or 
 PbO, Se0 3 nitric acid. Decomposed by long- 
 continued boiling with chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 SELENIATE OF LIME. Its solubility is the 
 same as that of sulphate of lime. 
 
 SELENIATE OF MAGNESIA. It resembles sul- 
 Mg 0, Se 3 phate of magnesia in solubility. 
 (Berzelius..) 
 
 SELENIATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Slightly 
 6 Hg 2 0, 5 Se 3 soluble in water. (Kcehler.) 
 
 SELENIATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) HgO, Se0 3 4-Aq Decomposed by water 
 to an insoluble basic salt 
 and a sparingly soluble acid salt. (Kcehler.) 
 
 II.) 2 (3 Hg 0, Se 8 ) + Aq Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in nitric, 
 and chlorhydric acids. (Koehler.) 
 
 SELENIATE OF NICKEL. 
 NiO, Se0 3 + 7 Aq 
 
 SELENIATE OF POTASH. More soluble in wa- 
 K 0, Se 3 ter than nitrate of potash. Almost 
 equally soluble in hot or cold water. 
 (Mitscherlicb.) 
 
 SELENIATE OF POTASH with SULPHATE OF 
 K 0, Se 3 ; Na O, S Os SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 SELENIATE OF SILVER. Resembles the sul- 
 AgO,Se0 3 phate. Soluble in hot nitric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. (Berzelius.) 
 
SELENIDES. 
 
 541 
 
 SELENIATE OF SODA. Its maximum point of 
 Na 0, Se 3 + 10 Aq solubility in water is at the 
 temperature of 33. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) It resembles sulphate of soda in its 
 remarkable changes of solubility at different de- 
 grees of temperature. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SELENIATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 Sr 0, Se 3 ter, or nitric acid. Decomposed by 
 long-continued boiling with chlor- 
 hydric acid. 
 
 SELENIATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. 
 Zn 0. Se 3 + 3 & 7 Aq 
 
 SELENIDES. Among the metallic selenides, 
 those only are soluble in water which correspond 
 to the soluble oxides ; thus, the selenides of potas- 
 sium, sodium, lithium, barium, strontium, cal- 
 cium, and magnesium, are soluble, while aH the 
 others are insoluble in water. (Persoz, Clam. 
 Mole'c., p. 463.) The metallic selenides are more 
 readily dissolved by nitric acid than the pure 
 metals, excepting protoselenide of mercury (Hg 
 Se) which is almost insoluble therein. 
 
 SELENIDE OF ALUMINUM. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 SELENIDE OF AMMONIUM. Easily soluble in 
 N H Se water. The aqueous solution undergoing 
 decomposition when exposed to the air. 
 (Bineau.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF ANTIMONY. 
 
 SELENIDE OF ARSENIC. 
 
 SELENIDE OF BARIUM. Soluble in warm 
 water, but undergoes a decomposition similar to 
 that of sulphide of barium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 SELENIDE OF CACODYL. Insoluble in water, 
 rr Hi As ) a Readily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ( C 2 H 3 ) 2 AS { 8e * ether. (Bunsen. ) 
 
 SELENIDE OF CALCIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of selenhydnc 
 acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF CERIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 Easily decomposed by acids. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF COBALT. 
 
 D/SELENIDE OF COPPER. 
 Cu 2 Se 
 
 ProtoSELENIDE OF COPPER. 
 CuSe 
 
 P ? -OtoSELENIDE OF COPPER & OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) CuSe;PbSe ) Soluble in cold, mod- 
 II.) Cu Se ; 2 Pb Se > erately strong nitric acid, 
 III.) Cu Se ; 4 Pb Se ) with separation of sele 
 nium. (Karsten.) 
 
 DJ'SELENIDE OF COPPER & OF SILVER. Sol- 
 Cu Se Ag Se uble in hot nitric acid, with decom- 
 position. (Berzelius.) 
 SELENIDE OF ETHYL. Vid. SelenEthyl. 
 
 SELENIDE OF ETHYL & OF MERCURY. In- 
 c H* ) o soluble in water. Sol- 
 C 4 H 6 Hg Se, = H * g " 5 ( Se 2 uHe in h( 
 
 in cold alcohol. 
 
 SELENIDE OF M'ETHYLPHOSPHIN. Soluble 
 
 p \(C H ) Se in water. (Hofmann & Cahours.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF FURFURYL. Very easily de- 
 
 (SelenioFurful. Furfurolselenii.) composed. 
 C 10 H 4 2 " I Se 2 
 
 SELENIDE OF GLUCINUM. Slowly soluble in 
 water, without decomposition. 
 
 SELENIDE OF IRON. Soluble in chlorhydric 
 Fe Se acid, with decomposition. 
 
 SELENIDE OF LEAD. Difficultly attacked by 
 Pb Se nitric acid. Soluble in aqua-regia. (Du- 
 mas, Tr.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF LEAD & OF MERCURY. 
 
 SELENIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Insoluble in 
 water, but soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 elenhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SELENIDE OF MERCURY. Almost insoluble 
 n hot nitric acid. Soluble in cold aqua-regia. 
 
 When recently precipitated it dissolves in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 ;Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 317.) 
 
 SELENIDE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 HgSe; 4HgS MERCURY. Unacted upon by 
 chlorhydric, or nitric acids. Sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in aqua-regia. 
 
 SELENIDE OF METHYL. Vid. SelenMethyl. : 
 
 SELENIDE OF 
 
 SELENIDE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 SELENIDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Partially decom- 
 posed by water. Decomposed by alkaline solu- 
 tions. 
 
 SELENIDE OF PLATINUM. 
 
 SELENIDE OF POTASSIUM. Slowly hygro- 
 K Se scopic. Easily soluble in water, the solution 
 undergoing decomposition when exposed to 
 the air. 
 
 SELENIDE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) proto. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 
 Ag Se boiling nitric acid. (Berzelius.) Insoluble 
 
 in an aqueous solution of protonitrate of 
 
 mercury. (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 41.317.) 
 
 II.) 6i. 
 AgSe 2 
 
 SELENIDE OF SODIUM. Soluble in water, the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when exposed 
 to the air. 
 
 SELENIDE OF STiB<rz'ETHYL. Decomposes in 
 av. Sm CT > QO tne a ' r - Resembles the sul- 
 
 SELENIDE OF STRONTIUM. Soluble in an 
 Sr Se aqueous solution of selenhydric acid. 
 
 SELENIDE OF SULPHUR 
 
 !) S 2 Se Decomposed, with partial solution, 
 by hot aqueous solutions of caustic 
 potash and of sulphydrate of potassium. 
 
 II.) S s Se Entirely soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. 
 
 SELENIDE OF TIN. 
 
 SELENIDE OF" YTTRIUM. Not decomposed 
 by water. Decomposed by acids. 
 
 SELENIDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. 
 
 SELENIOCYANHYDRIC ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 
 (HydroSelenia Cyanic Add.) ter, the Solution easily 
 
 C 2 H N Se 2 = Cy Se, H Se undergoing decompo- 
 
 sition, especially when 
 
 it is evaporated or boiled. Also decomposed by 
 acids. (Crookes.) 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Very de- 
 NH 4 Se, CySe liquescent. Soluble in water. 
 (Crookes.) 
 
542 
 
 SELENITES. 
 
 SELENIOCTANIDK OF BARIUM. Very soluble 
 Ba Se. Cy Se in water. 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF COPPER. Ppt. Very 
 
 Cu Se, Cy Se alterable. 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF IRON. Soluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. (Crookes.) 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF LEAD. Soluble, with 
 Pb Se, Cy Se slight decomposition, in boiling wa- 
 ter. Less soluble in cold water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Crookes, J. Ch. Soc., 4.16.) 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF LIME. Soluble in wa- 
 Oa Se, Cy Se ter. 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF MAGNESIDM. Soluble 
 Mg Se, Cy Se in water. 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Very de- 
 K Se, Cy Se liquescent, and soluble in water, 
 with great depression of temperature. 
 More soluble in water than sulphocyanide of 
 potassium. Soluble in alcohol. (Crookes; J. Ch. 
 Soc., 4. 13.) Easily decomposed by acids. 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 Ag Se, Cy Se water. Almost insoluble in ammo- 
 nia-water, or in cold weak acids. In- 
 stantly decomposed by strong boiling acids. 
 (Crookes, loc. cit., p. 15.) 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OP SODIUM. Very soluble 
 NaSe, CySe in water, (Crookes.) 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF STRONTIUM. Soluble 
 Sr Se, Cy Se in water. 
 
 SELENIOCYANIDE OF ZINC. Permanent. Sol- 
 Zn Se, Cy Se uble in water. 
 
 SELENIOFURFOL (or FURFUROL). Vid. Sele- 
 nide of Furfuryl. 
 
 SELENIOUS ACID 
 
 a = anhydrous. Liquefies when exposed to the 
 Se 2 air. (Muspratt, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 54.) Easily 
 soluble in water, dissolving in almost all 
 proportions in boiling water. Easily and abun- 
 dantly soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 
 206.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Easily soluble in water, alco- 
 Se0 2 , HO hoi, and nitric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 Insoluble in caoutchin. Most of the 
 protoselenites (M O, Se Oz), excepting those of 
 the alkalies, are insoluble in water ; but the bi 
 and quadri selenites (M 0, 2 Se Oz and M 0, 
 4 Se O 2 ) are easily soluble in water. All the 
 metallic selenites are soluble in nitric acid, though 
 the salts of lead and silver dissolve with great 
 difficulty. Chlorhydric acid has no action upon 
 them. 
 
 SELENITE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) ter. Insoluble in water. Soluble in sele- 
 A1 2 O s , 3 Se 2 -f 3 Aq nious acid. (Berzelius. ) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) proto. Deliquescent. Extremely soluble in 
 N H 0, Se 2 water, from which solution it is 
 precipitated on the addition of al- 
 cohol. Perfectly insoluble in ether. (Muspratt, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 2. 59.) 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 N H 4 0, 2 Se 2 
 
 III.) quadri. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 NH 4 0,2Se0 2 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. (Gm.) Soluble 
 Ba 0, Se 0, in selenious, chlorhydric, and nitric 
 acids. (Muspratt, loc. cit., p. 60.) 
 
 II.) bi. Difficultly soluble in water. (Mus- 
 Ba 0, 2 Se 2 pratt, loc. cit.) 
 
 SELENITE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in selenious 
 acid. (Muspratt, loc. cit., p. 66.) 
 
 SELENJTE of protoxide OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. Soluble in se- 
 Ce 0, Se Oj lenious acid, and in nitric acid. 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. 
 
 SELENITE of sesquioxide OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in selenious acid. 
 Ce 2 3 , 3 Se 2 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. (Berzelius ; 
 Muspratt.) 
 
 SELENITE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 I.) ter. Soluble in selenious acid. (Mnspratt.) 
 Cr 2 3 , 3 Se O 2 
 
 SELENITE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Co 0, Se O 2 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. (Muspratt.) 
 Co 0, 2 Se O 2 
 
 SELENITE of dinoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Cu 2 0, Se 2 Soluble in ammonia-water. (Du- 
 mas, Jr.) 
 
 SELENITE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I. ) proto. Insoluble in water, or selenious acid. 
 3 (Cu 0, Se 2 ) + Aq (Berzelins ; Muspratt, loc. cit., 
 p. 66.) 
 
 II.) basic (green ppt.). Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water. (Muspratt, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2. 66.) 
 
 SELENITE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 GI 2 O s , 3 Se 0, Lehrb., 3. 495.) 
 
 II.) acid. Extremely soluble in water. (Mus- 
 G1 2 8 , 6 Se 2 pratt, loc. cit.) Soluble in water. 
 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENITE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 I.) proto. When freshly precipitated it is solu- 
 Fe 0, Se 2 ble in chlorhydric, and selenious acids. 
 Soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 II.) bi. Slightly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENITE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 I.) sesqui. Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) ter. Ppt. 
 Fe 2 3 , 3 Se 2 + 4 Aq 
 
 III.) sexi or " bi." Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 Fe 2 O s , 6 Se 3 ble in chlorhydric acid. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 SELENITE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble in water. (Mus- 
 
 Pb 0, Se 2 pratt.) Scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 water, even when this is acidulated 
 
 with selenious acid. Difficultly soluble in warm 
 
 nitric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENITE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) proto. Very sparingly soluble in water; 
 Ca 0, Se 2 more soluble in selenious acid. 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 Ca 0, 2 Se O 2 
 
 SELENITE OF LITHIA. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 Li 0, Se 2 ble in selenious acid. (Muspratt.) 
 
 SELENITE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) proto. Soluble in boiling water, and in 
 
 Mg 0, Se 2 + 3 Aq selenious acid. (Muspratt, 
 
 loc. cit., p. 61.) Difficultly 
 
 soluble in water, requiring much boiling water to 
 
 dissolve it. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 457.) 
 
SELENITES. 
 
 543 
 
 II.) bi. Extremely deliquescent. Soluble in 
 Mg 0, 2 Se 2 water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Mus- 
 pratt, loc. cit.) 
 SELENITE OF MANGANESE. 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. Soluble in chlor- 
 Mn 0, Se O 2 + 2 Aq hydric acid. (Muspratt, loc. 
 
 cit., p. 64.) 
 
 II.) bi. Readily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Mn 0, 2 Se 2 
 
 SELENITE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water, or selenious 
 llg., 0, Se 2 acid. Partially soluble, with decom- 
 position, in chlorhydric acid, and in 
 an aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Ber- 
 zelius. ) 
 
 SELENITE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. (Muspratt.) 
 HgO,Se0 2 Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble, 
 in water. Somewhat soluble in sele- 
 nious acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) bi. Easily soluble in water Very slightly 
 Hg 0, 2 Se Oj + x Aq soluble in alcohol. Soluble 
 in ammonia- water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 SELENITE OF NICKEL 
 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Ni 0, Se O 2 + Aq Soluble in selenious acid. (Mus- 
 pratt. ) 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 SELENITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) proto. Deliquescent. Remarkably soluble 
 K 0, Se 2 in water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Muspratt, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 55.) 
 
 II.) bi. Deliquescent. Very soluble in water. 
 KO, 2 Se0 2 + Aq Only slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Muspratt, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 56.) 
 III.) quadri. Very deliquescent. Soluble in 
 K 0, 4 Se 2 water, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of alcohol. (Muspratt, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 SELENITE OF SILVER. Very sparingly solu- 
 Ag 0, Se O 2 ble in cold, somewhat more freely 
 soluble in hot water. Easily solu- 
 ble in nitric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. (Berzelius.) Easily solu- 
 ble in hot nitric acid, from which it separates as 
 the solution cools. (Muspratt.) 
 SELENITE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) proto. Permanent. Extremely easily solu- 
 Na 0, Se 2 ble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Muspratt, loc. czt., p. 57.) 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. Easily soluble in water. 
 Na 0, 2 Se 0, + 3 Aq 
 
 III.) quadri. Not very deliquescent. Soluble 
 Na 0, 4 Se 2 + 4 Aq in selenious acid. (Mus- 
 pratt.) 
 
 SELENITE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) proto. Insoluble in water. Soluble in nitric 
 SrO, Se 2 acid. (Muspratt.) 
 
 II.) bi. Slightly soluble in water. (Muspratt.) 
 Sr 0, 2 Se 2 Scarcely at all soluble in cold, and 
 very slightly soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENITE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 
 8n 2 , 2 Se 2 water. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 
 from which it is reprecipitated on 
 
 the addition of water. 
 
 SELENITE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) proto. Ppt. 
 Ur, 0,, Se 0, 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SELENITE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water, 
 YO, Se0 2 or selenious acid. (Berzelins.) 
 
 SELENITE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) Zn O, Se 2 + 2 Aq Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in selenious and 
 nitric acids. (Muspratt.) 
 
 II.) bi. Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) quadri. Permanent. Easily soluble in 
 Zn 0, 4 Se 2 + 3 Aq water. ( Wcehler. ) 
 
 SELENITE OF ZIRCONIA. Insoluble in water. 
 Zr 2 O s , 3 Se 2 Soluble in selenious acid. (Berze- 
 lius ; Muspratt, loc. cit.) 
 
 SELENIUM. Insoluble in water. Concentrated 
 Se sulphuric Acid, especially when gently heated, 
 dissolves it rapidly and in large quantities ; 
 from this solution it is precipitated on the addition 
 of water. (Magnus.) Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, which contains free S Os, without 
 decomposition, and in warm ordinary oil of 
 vitriol, with partial decomposition. (L. Gmelin.) 
 Soluble in dichloride of sulphur. (P. & F.) 
 Sparingly soluble in boiling, almost insoluble in 
 cold creosote. (Reichenbach.) Soluble in the 
 fatty oils, but insoluble in essential oils. Insolu- 
 ble in caoutchin. Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the caustic alkalies, from which it is gradually 
 reprecipitated when these are exposed to the air. 
 Insoluble in chlorhydric acid. Only slightly 
 acted upon by cold, tolerably easily soluble in hot 
 nitric acid ; still more easily soluble in aqua-regia, 
 with formation of selenious acid in either case. 
 It is more readily soluble than sulphur in these 
 acids. 
 
 Two allotropic modifications of selenium are 
 admitted by several chemists : 
 
 I.) ElectroNegative Selenium. Soluble in bisul- 
 phide of carbon. (Berthelot.) Soluble in boiling 
 benzin, and in bisulphide of carbon. (Charles 
 Deville, Ann..Ch. et Phys., (3.) 47. 106.) 
 
 II.) Electro Positive Selenium. Insoluble in bi- 
 sulphide of carbon (C. Deville; Berthelot), or in 
 boiling benzin. (C. Deville.) 
 
 SELENIUM MERCAPTAN. Vid. EthylSelenhy- 
 dric Acid. 
 
 SELENIURETTED HYDROGEN. Vid. Selenhy- 
 dric Acid. 
 
 SELEN METHYL. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 (Selenide of Methyl.') ble, with decomposition, in 
 ^HsSeJ strong nitric acid. (Wcehler 
 
 c 2 H s bej & Deall) Anni CL M Pharm., 
 
 97. 6.) 
 
 SELENOCYANIDE OF X. Vid. SelenioCyanide 
 ofX. 
 
 SEMIBENZIDAM. Vid. AzoPhenylamin. 
 SEMINAPHTHALIDAM. Vid. AzoNaphtylamin. 
 
 SENEGIN. I Identical with Saponin, q. v. 
 
 SENEGUIN. > 
 
 SEPEERiN(from Nectandra rodiei). [Bebeeru 
 
 (SeptVin.) barkj. Very sparingly soluble in 
 
 water. Easily soluble in weak and 
 
 in strong alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Soluble 
 
 in acids. (Maclagan.) 
 
 Sepeerin was distinguished from beberin by 
 Maclagan, on the ground that it is insoluble in 
 ether; but Tilley subsequently maintained that 
 this sepeerin was nothing but impure beberin. 
 
 SEPTEM. See septem, as prefix, under the 
 generic name of the substance sought for. 
 
544 
 
 SILICIC ACID. 
 
 SEKOLIN. Insoluble in water. Very sparingly 
 soluble in cold, somewhat more easily soluble in 
 hot ak'ohol. Easily soluble in ether. Not sa- 
 ponified by caustic alkalies. Soluble in the 
 serum of blood. (Boudet.) 
 
 SESQUICARBONATE(&C.) OF X. See under 
 Carbonate(&c.) of X, as sesqwCarbonate of X, 
 ses?ui'Chloride of X, and the like. 
 
 SEX. See sex, as prefix, under the generic 
 name of the substance sought for. 
 
 SHELLAC. See under RESINS. 
 
 SILICIC ACID. Exists under two or more 
 (Silica.) allotropic modifications : 
 Si0 2 * 
 
 I.) Insoluble modification (a Si O 2 ). 
 
 a = crystallized. Occurs as Quartz, and several 
 other minerals. Insoluble in water or in acids, 
 excepting fluorhydric acid, by which it is readily 
 dissolved. Only slightly soluble in boiling pot- 
 ash-lye. Flint or quartz enters into solution when 
 boiled with aqueous solutions of caustic alkalies, 
 under strong pressure. When finely powdered 
 and boiled with aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 or carbonated fixed alkalies it gradually changes 
 to 6Si 2 and dissolves. 
 
 When pounded rock-crystal is boiled to dryness 
 with three several quantities of potash-lye (till in 
 fact nothing but hydrate of potash remains) solu- 
 tion is effected. (Lcewitz, CrdCs Ann., 1799, 2. 
 375 [Gm.].) 
 
 Contrary to the assertion of Verdeil & Risler, 
 quartz is completely insoluble in sugar-water. 
 (Petzholdt, J.pr. Ch., 1853, 60. 368.) 
 
 b = amorphous. Obtained by evaporating a 
 solution of the soluble modification of silicic acid 
 in water or any volatile acid, excepting fluorhy- 
 dric acid, and thoroughly drying the residue. It 
 is insoluble in water or acids, with the exception 
 of fluorhydric acid, but dissolves in potash-lye and 
 in solutions of the fixed alkaline carbonates. The 
 mineral opal and its varieties appears to belong 
 under this head- Opal is not attacked by acids, 
 with the exception of fluorhydric acid, which dis- 
 solves it more easily than quartz ; when powdered 
 it dissolves in boiling potash-lye. (Fuchs.) 
 When an aqueous solution of water-glass (acid 
 silicate of soda or potash) is evaporated to dry- 
 ness, and the water wholly expelled from the 
 residue by ignition a part of the silica goes over 
 into the passive, insoluble state. Fremy found 
 that after water-glass, of composition R 6, 4^ Si 
 O 2 , has been carefully dried, water dissolves the 
 alkali out of the residue, and leaves the silica, 
 which last, according as the heat has been more or 
 less intense, is or is not soluble in dilute alkalies. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 342.) 
 
 According to Fuchs, and Bischof, the mineral 
 Chalcedony is a mixture of quartz and opal, the 
 latter being dissolved, and the former left behind, 
 when the mineral is boiled with potash-lye ; dilute 
 fluorhydric acid also dissolves out the opal faster 
 than the quartz. According to W. B. & R. E. 
 Rogers (Am. J. Sci., 1848, (2.) 5. 403), chal- 
 cedony is dissolved to a certain extent by car- 
 bonic acid-water. 
 
 II.) Soluble modification.^ Si 2 ). The gelati- 
 nous hydrate, hut not the powdery hydrate to 
 
 * Formulae in which silicic acid is expressed as Si O 2 may be readily converted into those in which it is regarded as 
 Si 3 , by multiplying all of ihe terms of the Si 0, formula by 3, and then correcting the silicic acid term in the pro- 
 duct, in accordance with the fact that 1 Si O 2 = Si O 3 . 
 
 Conversely, to change Si 3 formulae to those of Si 2 divide each term by 3, and correct for 1 Si 3 = j Si 2 . 
 
 The case in which water of crystallization is present is, of course, included in this rule. The same rule, moreover, 
 applies to formulae in which the silicic acid is written Si ; it being only necessary to remember that one equivalent of 
 Si equals i Si 2 or i Si 3 . 
 
 For convenient comparison, the following tables of some of the more commonly occurring silicates is added : 
 
 BIO 
 
 (Equiv. Si = 7) 
 2 Si 
 
 . R 0, 2 Si O 
 ditto + Aq 
 R O, 4 Si O 
 R O, 6 Si O 
 R O, 8 Si O 
 R O, Si O 
 R O, 3 Si O 
 R O, 9 Si O 
 3 R O, 2 Si O 
 3 R 0, 4 Si O 
 3 R O, 8 Si O 
 2 R O, 3 Si O 
 . 2 R 0, 9 Si O 
 
 MO 
 
 (Equiv. Si = 7) 
 3SiO 
 
 . . R O, Si O 
 ditto + Aq 
 R O, 6 Si 
 R O, 9 Si O 
 R O, 12 Si O 
 2 R 0,3 Si O 
 2 R O, 9 Si O 
 R O, Si O . 
 R O, 2 Si O 
 R O, 4 Si O 
 R O, 8 Si O 
 4 R O, 9 Si O 
 . 3 R 0, 4 Si O 
 
 SiO, 
 
 SiO s 
 
 (Equiv. Si = 14) 
 
 (Equiv. Si = 21) 
 
 SiO 2 
 
 . Si 3 
 
 R O, Si ... 
 
 3 R O 2 Si O, . 
 
 ditto -f- Aq 
 
 ditto -f- 3 Aq 
 
 R O, 2 Si O* 
 
 3 R O, 4 Si O s 
 
 R 0, 3 Si 0* 
 
 R O, 2 Si Os 
 
 R O, 4 Si O 2 
 
 3 R O, 8 Si Os 
 
 2 R O, Si Oa 
 
 3 R 0, Si Os 
 
 2 R 0, 3 Si 2 
 
 R O, Si Os 
 
 2 R O, 9 Si Oj 
 
 R O, 3 Si O 3 
 
 3 R O, Si O, 
 
 9 R 0, 2 Si 3 
 
 3 R O, 2 Si O 2 
 
 9 R O, 4 Si O 3 
 
 3 R 0, 4 Si O 2 
 
 9 R O, 8 Si O, 
 
 4 R O, 3 Si 2 
 
 2 R O, Si O 8 
 
 4 R O, 9 Si O 2 . . 
 
 . . 2 R O, 3 Si O s . 
 
 S10 S 
 
 Bio, 
 
 (Equiv. Si = 21) 
 
 (Equiv. Si = 14) 
 
 SiO s 
 
 i Si 2 
 
 R 0, Si Os . . . 
 
 . . . 2 R O 3 Si O 2 
 
 ditto + Aq 
 
 dijto + 2 Aq 
 
 R O, 2 Si Os 
 
 R 0, 3 Si 2 
 
 R O, 3 Si Os 
 
 2 R 0, 9 Si O, 
 
 R O, 4 Si Os 
 
 R O, 6 Si 2 
 
 2 R O, Si Os 
 
 4 R O, 3 Si O a 
 
 2 R O, 3 Si Os 
 
 4 R O, 9 Si 2 
 
 3 R O, Si O s 
 
 2 R O, Si Oj 
 
 3 R O, 2 Si O, 
 
 R 0, Si O s 
 
 3 R O, 4 Si Os 
 
 R O, 2 Si O 8 
 
 3 R 0, 8 Si Os 
 
 RO, 4 Si O z 
 
 4 R 0, 3 Si Os 
 
 8 R 0, 9 Si O 2 
 
 9 R O, 4 Si Oi , 
 
 . 3 R O. 2 Si O, . 
 
SILICATES- 
 
 545 
 
 which it is converted when dried in the air, is 
 somewhat soluble in water, and in chlorhydric 
 acid, the degree of this solubility being dependent 
 on whether the hydrate has just been precipitated 
 or has already become compact. 
 
 As obtained by passing fluosilicic acid gas 
 into water, and thoroughly washing the precipi- 
 tate, it is soluble, while still moist, in 7700 pts. of 
 water, and in 11000 pts. of cold, or 5500 pts. of 
 boiling chlorhydric acid of 1.115 sp. gr. (J. 
 Fuchs, cited by Fresenius, Quant., p. 164; also 
 in J. pr. Ch., 1852, 57. 382.) Hydra ted silicic 
 acid is soluble in 1000 pts. of water. (Kirwan.) 
 
 When prepared by the decomposition of fluo- 
 silicic acid (Si Flj) by water it dissolves in con- 
 siderable quantity in water, forming a solution 
 which may be evaporated to dryness, and the acid 
 obtained as a powder which is still soluble in 
 water; but if the solution be acidified with sul- 
 phuric or chlorhydric acid before being evaporated, 
 the silicic acid obtained will be in the insoluble 
 modification. (Berzelius.) 
 
 By allowing crystallized boracic acid to absorb 
 gaseous fluoride of silicon, and then separating 
 the excess of fluorhydric and boracic acids by 
 digestion with a large excess of ammonia-water, a 
 hydrate of silicic acid is obtained, which, after 
 being thoroughly purified from the adhering acid, 
 is very soluble in water. This solution gives no 
 precipitate when boiled, but when evaporated to 
 dryness the Si 2 is left in the insoluble state. 
 (Ber/elius.) 
 
 When sulphide of silicon is mixed with water 
 it undergoes decomposition, with evolution of 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, but the Si 2 formed does 
 not separate ; it all remains dissolved in the water. 
 This solution of Si O 2 is often of great stability ; 
 when dilute it can be preserved for months with- 
 out depositing Si O 2 , but becomes gelatinous and 
 deposits Si O 2 if it is evaporated, boiled, or 
 mixed with soluble alkaline salts. After being 
 evaporated to dryness, the Si O 2 is no longer 
 soluble in water. The solution of Si O 2 above 
 described is generally more stable than that ob- 
 tained by dissolving hydrated silica in acids. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38.317.) 
 
 In the decomposition by acids of minerals, &c., 
 containing silica, more or less of the latter usually 
 goes into solution, and it is often exceedingly 
 difficult to remove the last traces of this dissolved 
 silica. (C. J. B. Karsten, Porjg. Ann., 1826, 6. 
 351.) On the addition to liquor silicum (basic 
 silicate of potash) of an acid in quantity not suf- 
 ficient for saturation, there is precipitated a com- 
 pound of the potash, with excess of silica ; a 
 larger quantity of acid throws down the silica in 
 the form of a gelatinous hydrate, leaving in solu- 
 tion a quantity of silica, which is greater in pro- 
 portion to the degree of dilution and to the excess 
 of acid employed. (Dalton.) 
 
 It has long been known that silica, after it has 
 once been brought into solution by means of | 
 alkalies or acids, is somewhat soluble in pure j 
 water. More surprising, however, is the fact that 
 this solubility is increased by the presence of a 
 free acid ; indeed, it can hardly be doubted that 
 chemical combination between the silica and acid 
 actually occurs. As a matter of universal expe- 
 rience, it is known that a concentrated aqueous 
 solution of an alkaline silicate is immediately de- 
 composed when an excess of acid is added to it, the 
 silica separating out almost completely without 
 being redissolved by the acid, no matter in how 
 large excess the latter may have been added. 
 But a solution of the same alkaline silicate, when 
 69 
 
 diluted with a sufficient, quantity of water, can no 
 longer be thus decomposed by the addition of an 
 excess of acid ; on the contrary, it remains per- 
 fectly clear after such addition, and deposits none 
 of its silk-a until it has been concentrated by 
 evaporation, and the silica thereby rendered gelat- 
 inous. Thus, if an alkaline silicate be dissolved 
 in such an amount of water that there shall be 
 about 30 pts. of the latter to one part of silica, 
 and an acid then added to the solution in no 
 greater quantity than will suffice to neutralize it 
 precisely, the liquor will remain clear for a con- 
 siderable space of time, but gradually becomes 
 cloudy, and by degrees deposits silica; and this 
 precipitate cannot now be redissolved by the ad- 
 dition of more acid, or at least only insignificant 
 quantities of it can be thus dissolved. But if, on 
 the other hand, the point of neutrality be imme- 
 diately overstepped before any cloudiness lias 
 manifested itself in the liquor, the solution will 
 remain permanently clear, no silica being de- 
 posited even after the lapse of many weeks. This 
 result is obtained alike with sulphuric, nitric, 
 chlorhydric, and acetic acids. The question 
 might arise, whether these solutions should not 
 be regarded simply as solutions of silica in water, 
 and the precipitation which occurs when an acid 
 is added to concentrated liquors attributed to the 
 want of a sufficient quantity of the solvent water ; 
 it being known that silica, when once separated 
 from a solution, is either absolutely insoluble, or 
 only exceedingly sparingly soluble in water and 
 dilute acids. But if this were true, it would fol- 
 low that at the ordinary temperature silica is solu- 
 ble in about 25 < 30 pts. of water ; for a solution 
 of an alkaline silicate need not be diluted more 
 strongly tban this, in order to prevent precipitation 
 by acids. Nor would the reason be evident why 
 silica should be precipitated by acids from the 
 most dilute solutions of alkaline silicates, in spite 
 of the large amount of water present, unless more 
 acid is added than is required to saturate the 
 alkali. If the water alone act as the solvent, it 
 must, of course, be a matter of indifference whether 
 or no the acid be present in excess. It cannot, 
 therefore, be doubted but that the excess of acid 
 exerts a greater influence than the water in retain- 
 ing the silica in solution ; and that water alone 
 has no power to hold in solution such considerable 
 quantities of silica. Why the silica, after having 
 once actually separated, owing to insufficient dilu- 
 tion of the solution, should no longer be soluble 
 even in the largest excess of concentrated or dilute 
 acids, is a question which would appear to be in- 
 explicable by chemical reasons. That it is really 
 the acid and not the water wbich holds the silica in 
 solution follows, moreover, from the fact that salts 
 may be dissolved in the liquor resulting from the 
 addition of an excess of acid to a solution of an 
 alkaline silicate, even to its complete saturation, 
 without occasioning any separation of silica. If 
 those salts are employed which dissolve in water 
 at a somewhat elevated temperature in much more 
 considerable quantity than at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, then that portion of the salt which can 
 no longer be held in solution as the liquor be- 
 comes cold will separate out as the temperature 
 falls, but the silica will still remain in the solution. 
 For example, in a solution of an alkaline silicate 
 to which an excess of nitric acid has been added, 
 so much nitrate of potash may be dissolved by 
 the application of heat that a large portion crys- 
 tallizes out again on cooling ; and yet no cloudi- 
 ness occurs in the liquid and no silica is deposited. 
 (C. J. B. Karsten, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 6. pp. 353- 
 
546 
 
 SILICIC ACID. 
 
 359.) According to Bergman (Opusc., 3. 315), 
 the solution of silica in acidulated water becomes 
 turbid immediately on boiling. [Gm.] 
 
 When a dilute acid is added to a weak aqueous 
 solution of an alkaline silicate there is no imme- 
 diate precipitation of silica ; but after some time 
 the whole gelatinizes. With sulphuric acid the 
 coagulation comes on soon ; but with chlorhydric 
 acid the change is delayed a long time, and the 
 mixture may sometimes even be heated and par- 
 tially evaporated, and still remain liquid. With 
 nitric acid, the tendency to produce gelatinization 
 is still less marked than with chlorhydric acid. 
 An excess of nitric or chlorhydric acid added to 
 very dilute waterglass (acid silicate of soda or 
 potash), causes no apparent change for a long 
 time. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. pp. 340, 
 164; 33. 32.) 
 
 Even carbonic acid is capable of holding silica 
 in solution, as might indeed be inferred from what 
 is known of the solvent power of an acid so weak as 
 acetic. This may very easily be shown by treating 
 a dilute solution of an alkaline silicate with a 
 large excess of any acid, for example, chlorhydric 
 acid, and then, at the lowest possible temperature, 
 neutralizing the clear liquid with carbonate of am- 
 monia. The carbonic acid which is disengaged 
 by this process dissolves in the water; and if the 
 neutral liquor be put in a well-closed glass, it may 
 be preserved for several weeks without the least 
 deposition of silica, but on standing in the air, or 
 more quickly on being heated in an open vessel, 
 the solution decomposes in proportion as carbonic 
 acid escapes, silica being deposited. (C. J. B. 
 Karsten, Pogg. Ann., 1826, 6. 359.) 
 
 When silicic acid is precipitated from an alka- 
 line solution by means of an acid, it may dissolve 
 wholly, in part, or not at all in the excess of acid. 
 These circumstances depend upon the state of 
 concentration and on the manner in which the 
 acid is added. If chlorhydric acid be slowly 
 added, by small portions to a very concentrated 
 solution of silicate of potash, the Si Os is precipi- 
 tated, almost entirely, in the insoluble state. If 
 the solution of silicate of potash be diluted, the 
 amount of Si O 2 retained in solution will be in- 
 creased. 
 
 Being treated drop by Relation be- 
 10 c. c. of drop, with H Cl till the tween the 
 a solution latter was in excess. quantity of 
 
 of silicate dissolved Si 
 
 of potash precipitated quantities of 0, and the 
 marking B. grms. ofSi0 2 Si O 2 retained whole quanti- 
 in solution. tyoftheSi0 2 . 
 36 . 1.279 grs. . 0.120 . . 0.085 
 24 0.843 0.080 0.086 
 
 21 0.434 0.120 0.216 
 
 16 0.280 0.162 0.366 
 
 12 0.169 0.110 0.394 
 
 8 0.129 0.092 0.410 
 
 6 . 0.000 . . 0.139 .. 
 These quantities must not be considered as abso- 
 lutely correct, being offered merely as approxima- 
 tions to the truth. (Doveri, loc. inf. cit., p. 42.) If, 
 on the other hand, all the chlorhydric acid be 
 added at once, and in large quantity, all the Si O, 
 remains dissolved. A similar result is obtained 
 when the silicate of potash is added to the chlorhy- 
 dric acid, and this too whether the solutions be con- 
 centrated or dilute. If, however, solutions of sili- 
 cate of potash, so dilute that the acid can no longer 
 produce a precipitate in them, for example, a 
 solution of 6 B., be taken, and so much chloride 
 of potassium dissolved therein that the density of 
 the solution shall be raised to 36 B., the ad- 
 
 dition of chlorhydric acid will precipitate silicic 
 acid. A similar precipitation occurs when a con- 
 centrated solution of silicate of potash is poured 
 into an excess of a dilute solution of chlorhydric 
 acid which 'has been rendered sufficiently dense by 
 means of chloride of potassium. Silicic acid is 
 dissolved by acids only when it is in the nascent 
 state ; after having once been precipitated it cannot 
 be redissolved. It is an error of Berzelius and 
 others, that silica, precipitated from fluosilicic acid, 
 is soluble in acids ; for these only render it trans- 
 parent, but do not dissolve it. A good means of 
 obtaining a concentrated solution of silicic acid in 
 chlorhydric acid consists in dissolving precipitated 
 silicate of protoxide of copper in chlorhydric acid, 
 and then precipitating the copper by means of 
 sulphuretted hydrogen. (Doveri, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 21. 40.) In like manner, if a solution 
 of nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, sulphate of 
 iron, or some other metallic salt (instead of sul- 
 phate of copper) be poured into the solution of an 
 alkaline silicate, an abundant precipitate of mixed 
 silicic acid and the metallic silicate may be ob- 
 tained. These metallic silicates are entirely sol- 
 uble in dilute acids, and furnish a convenient 
 means of obtaining concentrated solutions of sili- 
 ca in acids. (Doveri, loc. cit., pp. 51, 52.) 
 
 Though the more or less easy solubility of silicic 
 acid in water, and many acids is well known, the 
 fact that very considerable quantities of it may be 
 thus dissolved seems to be less generally accepted. 
 Even after it has assumed the condition of a jelly, 
 it is easy to prepare from it solutions containing 5 
 per cent or more, which are perfectly permanent. 
 In making such solutions the chief point is, that 
 the gelatinous acid to be acted upon shall be 
 obtained in a condition as extended as possible, 
 and be maintained, as it were, in the nascent state 
 until it is ready to be dissolved. For this purpose 
 an aqueous solution of silicated alkali (commer- 
 cial waterglass) is diluted until it contains no 
 more than 3% of silica, and then treated at the 
 ordinary temperature with chlorhydric acid of 1.1 
 1.13 sp. gr., the mixture being stirred violently, 
 and the acid added as rapidly as possible until an 
 excess of it is present ; the excess of acid is now 
 carefully neutralized with new portions of the 
 solution of alkaline silicate, until only a slight 
 trace of free acid remains. As the point of neu- 
 tralization is approached the liquid becomes 
 slightly milky and exhibits a yellowjsh-red opales- 
 cence,* at the first appearance of which, or better 
 just before it appears, the addition of the alkaline 
 solution should cease, lest a thick jelly be sud- 
 denly formed ; the liquid should then be slowly 
 heated to a temperature not exceeding 31.25, the 
 heat being maintained as uniform as possible by 
 means of constant stirring. Under these circum- 
 stances, gelatinization usually occurs in the course 
 of the first half-hour, and long before the temper- 
 ature has risen to 31. The jelly obtained is, in 
 the first few seconds of its existence, exceedingly 
 loose and only slightly coherent, but in a very 
 short time, if left to itself, it acquires a more com- 
 pact consistence, which is adverse to its solubility. 
 Hence the first moment of its formation must be 
 carefully observed, and as soon as this occurs, the 
 whole mixture must be quickly poured into half 
 its weight of cold water, contained in another 
 vessel, in order to prevent, as much as possible, 
 the further progress of the gelatinization, though 
 
 * This cloudiness disappears on the addition of a few 
 drops of acid. 
 
SILICIC ACID. 
 
 547 
 
 this is not always to be entirely avoided. The best 
 result, i. e. a completely soluble jelly, is obtained 
 when the neutralization of the liquid above de- 
 scribed is not carried to the point of opalescence ; 
 in which event the gelatinization, on the applica- 
 tion of heat, takes place somewhat later than in 
 the case described, in which, for the sake of rapid- 
 ity, opalescence was induced, and also progresses 
 more slowly after it has begun, so that it is easy 
 to stop the process at the right moment, and ob- 
 tain the jelly in a suitable condition. The atten- 
 uated jelly thus obtained is thrown upon a filter 
 of open cotton cloth, like lawn, tied across one 
 end of a glass cylinder, and washed with cold 
 water until the foreign salts are removed ; the pro- 
 cess of washing should be a continuous one, and 
 the jelly must be kept constantly covered with 
 water in order to prevent it from contracting. 
 When prepared with proper care, the washed jelly 
 is completely soluble in boiling water, and to a 
 considerable extent in cold water. In order to 
 dissolve it it should be mixed with an equal vol- 
 ume of water, and the whole boiled during 12 @ 
 16 hours in a deep flask, water being added from 
 time to time in order to replace that which evapo- 
 rates, at the end of which time all of it will have 
 passed into solution excepting a few small par- 
 ticles which have accidentally acquired a some- 
 what too strong coherence. Somewhat more con- 
 sistent jellies than that now described will indeed 
 afford weak solutions, but the greater portion will 
 remain as an insoluble residue. The strong solu- 
 tion above described may be concentrated by boil- 
 ing it down in a deep vessel, care being taken to 
 avoid unnecessary contact with the air, it being 
 easy to obtain in this way solutions which contain 
 6% and more of silicic acid ; these may be pre- 
 served, unchanged, in well-closed bottles. These 
 solutions, according to their degree of concentra- 
 tion are more or less opalescent or perfectly clear ; 
 the opalescence appearing to indicate that the 
 silicic acid may be in a sort of intermediate con- 
 dition between mere suspension and actual solu- 
 tion [pseudo-solution of Selmi]. By operating over 
 sulphuric acid, or in a vacuum, the concentration 
 may be pushed still further, solutions containing 
 10% and more of silica being easily obtained, and 
 if protected against loss of water these may be 
 subjected to long-continued boiling without gelati- 
 nizing. The 10% solution is of a thickish, oily 
 consistence, but is readily miscible with water. 
 When alcohol is added to the solution containing 
 5% of silicic acid, a portion, of the latter is precipi- 
 tated as a soft, very light powder, which is de- 
 posited with difficulty. Sulphuric acid coagulates 
 the solution. An amorphous powder is deposited 
 when the solution freezes ; and none of these 
 precipitates are soluble like the original jelly, 
 any more than the residues which are ob- 
 tained by evaporating the above solutions. The 
 soluble jelly dissolves much more rapidly in am- 
 monia-water than in pure water ; but by long- 
 continued boiling the ammonia appears to be ex- 
 pelled, and the solution thus obtained behaves like 
 the aqueous solution. These aqueous solutions of 
 silica have no action on the color of litmus ; their 
 taste is somewhat astringent, but not in the least 
 acid. (H. Kuehn, .7. pr. CL, 1853, 59. pp. 1-6.) 
 A sample of silicic acid, prepared by passing a 
 current of carbonic acid through a solution of 
 soluble glass, washing the gelatinous precipitate 
 first with water, then with cold dilute chlorhydric 
 acid, and finally again with water, until all the 
 chlorhydric acid was removed, tested while still 
 moist, had the following solubility : 100 pts. of 
 
 pure water dissolved 0.021 pt. of it. 100 pts. of 
 water, through which, as it was in contact with the 
 silicic acid, an uninterrupted stream of carbonic 
 acid was passed during a week, dissolved 0.0136 
 pt. of Si 02. 100 pts. of dilute chlorhydric acid, 
 of 1.088 sp. gr., in which the silicic acid was di- 
 gested in the cold during 11 days, dissolved 0.0172 
 pt. of Si Oj. 100 pts. of a solution of carbonate 
 of ammonia, containing 5 pts. of sesquicarbonate 
 of ammonia to 95 pts. of water, dissolved 0.02 pt. 
 of Si ? . 100 pts. of a solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia, containing only 0.1% of the sesquicar- 
 bonate, dissolved 0.062 pt. of Si Oi. 100 pts. of 
 ammonia-water, containing 19.2% of N Hs, dis- 
 solved 0.071 pt. of Si O-2. 100 pts. of ammonia- 
 water, containing 1.6% of N H s , dissolved 0.0986 
 pt. of Si Oj. (Struckmann, Ann. Ch.u. Pkarm., 
 1855, 94. 337.) 
 
 In criticising Struckmann's paper, Liebig re- 
 marks that the solubility of silicic acid in water 
 depends in great measure upon the comparative 
 amount of water in presence of which it is set 
 free by the action of dilute acids, or carbonic acid, 
 on solutions of its alkaline salts. If water is pres- 
 ent in sufficient quantity to retain the silicic acid, 
 much more of this will remain in solution than 
 can be dissolved by digesting the gelatinous acid 
 with water. 1 pt. of Si Oj can thus be held in 
 solution in 500 pts. of water. The presence of 
 ammonia, carbonate of ammonia, or chloride of 
 ammonium (in solutions of which silicic acid is 
 remarkably insoluble) diminishes the power of 
 water to retain silica in solution. In all cases the 
 solubility of silicic acid is greater in dilute than in 
 strong solutions of caustic ammonia. (Liebig, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1855, 94. 373.) 
 
 H. Ludwig (from Arch, der Pkarm. , (2.) 84. 
 129 ; in LiebigSf Kopp's J. B.,Jiir 1855), suggests 
 that the silica examined by Struckmann may not 
 have been pure, but rather a hyperacid silicate of an 
 alkali. According to Ludwig's own experiments, 
 the hydrated silica obtained by precipitating a 
 solution of silicate of potash with chloride of am- 
 monium retains most persistently a certain amount 
 of potash, and also some ammonia; it is soluble in 
 about 10000 pts. of water. Even the precipitate 
 prepared by adding an excess of chlorhydric acid 
 to a solution of silicate of potash retains a portion 
 of potash ; this was somewhat soluble in water, 
 even after having been ignited, 1 pt. of it dissolv- 
 ing in about 25000 pts. of water. 
 
 Maschke also remarks, that the results of his 
 experiments do not coincide with those of Struck- 
 mann. M. operated upon the stiff jelly obtained 
 by passing a current of carbonic acid through a 
 dilute solution of waterglass, this jelly being first 
 washed as thoroughly as possible with distilled 
 water, then stirred about in water which had been 
 acidulated with a few drops of chlorhydric acid, 
 and finally again thrown upon a filter, and again 
 washed with distilled water. As thus obtained, the 
 hydrated silica is tolerably pure, but retains most 
 obstinately traces of chlorhydric acid ; after being 
 digested with frequent agitation at the ordinary 
 temperature during three days, it was found that 
 100 pts. of water had dissolved 0.09 pt. of silicic 
 acid, and that 100 pts. of carbonic acid- water had 
 dissolved 0.078 pt. of silicic acid. But the hydrated 
 silicic acid behaves very differently towards water 
 when heated therewith for a long time in closed ves- 
 sels upon the water-bath, for in this case complete 
 solution ensues, even the addition of water is un- 
 necessary, since the jelly itself becomes fluid when 
 thus heated. Such a liquefied jelly contains in 
 100 pts. 2.49 pts. of silicic acid; it is not precipi- 
 
SILICATES. 
 
 tated even by very considerable quantities of alco- 
 hol, but concentrated saline solutions, as those of 
 carbonate of ammonia, chloride of sodium, and 
 chloride of calcium, cause it to gelatinize. When 
 allowed to evaporate spontaneously, the liquefied 
 jelly at length becomes a thick syrup, and finally 
 solidifies to a mass insoluble in water. (O. 
 Maschke, J. pr. Ch., 1856, 68. 234.) 
 
 Steam having been passed into a large potter's 
 kiln, more than two hundred pounds of silica were 
 dissolved, several pounds of it being subsequently 
 deposited in the form of snow around the openings 
 by which the steam escaped from the kiln, and 
 upon those places which were not heated to red- 
 ness. (Jeffreys, Ann. Min., 1841, (3.) 19. 474; 
 compare Dumas, C. R., 13. 93'2.) Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, espe- 
 cially if these are warm, and with still greater 
 ease at the high temperatures produced by .heating 
 the liquid under strong pressure in closed vessels. 
 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the basic alkaline 
 silicates (liquor silicum). (Fuchs & Pettenkofer.) 
 Also soluble in aqueous solutions of carbonate of 
 potash and carbonate of soda. Freshly precipi- 
 tated, unignited silica dissolves even in a cold 
 aqueous solution of potash, with evolution of heat ; 
 artificially prepared, silica, after strong ignition, 
 also dissolves completely but slowly in a cold 
 solution, and rapidly in a boiling solution of pot- 
 ash. The different kinds of opal behave like pre- 
 cipitated silica; of all the varieties, hyalite dis- 
 solves the most slowly in a cold solution of pot- 
 ash. Quartz, even in a state of minute division, 
 is perfectly insoluble in a cold solution, and dis- 
 solves only very slowly and with great difficulty 
 in a boiling solution of potash. (Fuchs, Schw., 
 24. 378; 67.418 [Gm,].) 
 
 Hydrated silicic acid is very abundantly solu- 
 ble in a boiling aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 soda separating out again, as a jelly, as the solu- 
 tion cools. ( Pfaff, Schtoeigger's ./burn, fur Ch. u. 
 Phys , 29. 383 [T.].) Boiling aqueous solutions 
 of the carbonates of soda and potash dissolve 
 moderately ignited silica or its hydrate in large 
 quantity, depositing it again as a jelly on cooling. 
 (Pfaff, Schw., 29. 383 [Gm.].) Powdered quartz is 
 the least soluble ; opal and ignited silica are more 
 readily dissolved, and unignited silica most readily 
 of all. (H. Rose.) If alumina is mixed with 
 the silica it remains undissolved, in combination 
 with a large portion of the silica and some of the 
 alkali. (Forchhammer.) Recently precipitated, 
 and still moist silica is soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the carbonates of potash and soda, as was 
 first noticed by Pfaff. This solution may occur 
 at a very moderate heat, and is then unattended 
 with any evolution of carbonic acid. It can hardly 
 be believed that an amount of bicarbonate of the 
 alkali is formed proportional to the silica dissolved, 
 since recently precipitated silica is even soluble in 
 the bicarbonates of potash and soda, though very 
 much more difficultly, and, as it would appear, 
 in much smaller quantity than in the normal car- 
 bonates. Carbonate of ammonia appears to 
 exert only a very slight solvent action upon re- 
 cently precipitated silica ; but when the latter is 
 digested with caustic ammonia no inconsiderable 
 quantity of it is taken up ; this separates again as 
 the ammonia evaporates. (C. J. B. Karsten, 
 Fogg. Ann., 1826, 6. pp. 356, 357.) Readily 
 soluble in a tolerably concentrated, almost boiling 
 solution of carbonate of potash; the strong solu- 
 tion solidifies to a non-gelatinous mass on cooling, 
 but hot dilute solutions gelatinize on cooling. 
 (Maschke, J. pr. Ch., 1856, 68. 237.) Pulveru- 
 
 lent silica, obtained by evaporating the gelatinous 
 hydrate to dryness upon a water-bath, is soluble 
 in a boiling aqueous solution of carbonate of soda. 
 (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 16. 388.) From a 
 concentrated solution in a boiling solution of alka- 
 line carbonate much of the silica separates as a 
 jelly on cooling, but if the hot solution is diluted 
 with boiling water, the silica will remain dissolved, 
 even when the solution has become cold, a small 
 portion only separating after a time, if the carbo- 
 nated alkali was completely saturated with it. In 
 this dilute solution the alkali may be saturated 
 with an acid without precipitating any of the 
 silica, this having been dissolved by the water 
 rather than by the alkali. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 1. 
 668.) On the addition of chloride of ammonium, 
 or other ammonia-salt, to the solution in carbonate 
 of soda silica is precipitated, a good test for the 
 presence of the latter being thus afforded. (A. 
 Mueller, J. pr. Ch., 1860, 80. 118.) When in 
 the gelatinous condition, silica is " very sensibly 
 soluble" in butylamin. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 42. 166.) Gelatinous silicic acid is 
 very slowly and sparingly dissolved by sulphuric, 
 nitric, and chlorhydric acids. These acids dis- 
 solve the largest quantity when a compound of 
 silica with a fixed alkali, in which the latter pre- 
 dominates, is mixed with an excess of the acid in 
 a state of great dilution, so that the silica, at 
 the moment of its separation from the alkali, 
 meets with a sufficient quantity of acid and water 
 to dissolve it. From these solutions, ammonia, 
 carbonate of ammonia, potash, and soda precipi- 
 tate a portion of the silicic acid. Carbonate of 
 lime also precipitates it, best when the solution is 
 warm, and not too dilute. When a solution of 
 silica in any volatile acid, excepting fluorhydric 
 acid, is evaporated to perfect dryness, the Si 2 
 left as a residue is insoluble, either in water or 
 acids. Readily soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 fluorhydric acid. Neither amorphous nor crystal- 
 line silicic acid is at all soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of cane-sugar. (Petzholdt.) All the 
 metallic salts of silicic acid are insoluble in water, 
 excepting some of those of potash, soda, and 
 lithia. 
 
 SILICATE OP ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Occurs as the minerals Anda- 
 lusile, Cyanite, and Sittimanite. It is scarcely, or 
 not at all, acted upon by acids. 
 
 b = hydrated. Occurs as the mineral Allophane, 
 
 A1 2 3 , Si 2 + 5 Aq or 6 Aq which is decomposed 
 
 by concentrated acids, 
 
 the alumina being dissolved and the silica sepa- 
 rated in the gelatinous condition. It dissolves 
 completely in dilute acids. 
 
 II.) bi. As they occur in nature, the kaolins or 
 (Kaolin,) clays very frequently contain, 
 
 A1 2 3 , 2 Si 2 +2 Aq besides other impurities, an 
 excess of silica. Clays do 
 not dissolve in dilute chlorhydric or nitric acid. 
 (Forchhammer.) They are attacked by strong 
 acids, but, as a rule, the alumina only, and not 
 the silica, is dissolved. Hot sulphuric acid de- 
 composed many of them almost completely, with 
 separation of silica. When carefully heated until 
 the whole of its water is expelled, clay still re- 
 ! mains soluble in sulphuric acid and potash ; by 
 | ignition, however, its solubility is destroyed. [Grit., 
 3. 415.] When plastic clay is calcined at a dull 
 red heat, too high a temperature being avoided, it 
 is rendered much more soluble in acids than it 
 was in its crude, hydrated condition. (Compare 
 
SILICATES. 
 
 549 
 
 Ordway, Am. J. Sci., 1858, (2.) 26. 203, note.) By 
 boiling clay with a solution of potash, a double 
 silicate of alumina and potash is formed, which is 
 dissolved more perfectly in proportion to the ex- 
 cess of potash employed. [Gm., 3. 415.] Ac- 
 cording to Brongniart and Malaguti, boiling pot- 
 ash-lye abstracts a certain amount of silica ( of 
 the whole) from many varieties of kaolin, and 
 according to Bauer, potash-lye is capable of ab- 
 stracting of the silicic acid from ignited kaolin 
 ofZettlitz; but according to Rammelsberg (Min- 
 eralchemie, pp. 572, 575), and Stephan, bisilicate 
 of alumina (A1 2 3 , 2 Si O 2 + 2 Aq) is dissolved 
 out as such, when kaolin is repeatedly boiled with 
 potash-lye, almost pure silica being left behind. 
 
 The mineral Halloysite contains more water 
 than kaolin, being of composition A1 2 3 , 2 Si O 2 + 
 4 Aq. It is easily decomposed by concentrated 
 acids. 
 
 III.) di. Occurs as the mineral Collyrite, which 
 2 A1 2 3 , Si 2 + 9 Aq is decomposed by acids, the 
 solution yielding a jelly on 
 evaporation. 
 
 IV.) sesqui. Occurs as the mineral Pholerite, 
 
 2 Alj O 8 , 3 Si 2 + 4 Aq which is insoluble in nitric 
 
 acid. (Guillemin.) 
 
 Besides these silicates of alumina there are 
 various other ill-defined basic compounds. 
 
 V.) 2 A1 2 3 , 9Si0 2 + 4 Aq ' Occurs as the min- 
 eral Pyrophillite. 
 Partially soluble in sulphuric acid. 
 
 SILICATE OP ALUMINA & OP BARYTA. 
 
 I.) (3 Ba 0, Si 2 ) ; 4 (A1 2 O 3 , 2 Si 2 ) + 12 Aq O C- 
 
 curs 
 
 a the mineral Edingtonite. Decomposed by acids, 
 with separation of gelatinous silica. 
 
 II.) 2BaO,3SiO 2 ; 2(A1 2 3 ,3Si0 2 ) + 10 Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Harmotome. When finely powdered, it is 
 completely, though difficultly decomposed by hot 
 chlorhydric acid, silica being separated in the pul- 
 verulent state. 
 
 SILICATE OF ALUMINA & OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) A1 2 3 , 3 Si 2 ; G1 2 3 . 3 Si 2 Occurs in nature 
 as Beryl, Emer- 
 ald, &c. It is not decomposed by acids, or only 
 partially by sulphuric acid after strong ignition. 
 
 II.) (Eudase.) Unacted upon by acids. 
 
 3 A1 2 3 , 2 G1 2 3 , 6 Si 2 + 3 Aq 
 
 SILICATE OF ALUMINA & OF LIME. 
 
 I.) CaO, Si0 2 ; A1 2 3 , Si 2 Occurs as the min^ 
 eral Anorthite. Com* 
 
 pletely decomposed by concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid, with separation of pulverulent silica. 
 
 II.) 2 (Ca O, Si O 2 ) ; A1 2 3 , Si 2 + Aq Occurs as 
 
 the min- 
 eral Prehnite. Only imperfectly acted upon by 
 acids; but after strong ignition or fusion, acids 
 decompose it completely, forming a jelly, (v. 
 Kobell.) 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 w"ater. ( W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 1848, 
 (2.) 5.403.) 
 
 III. a.) Ca O, Si 2 5 A1 2 3) 2 Si 2 Occurs as the 
 
 mineral Ers- 
 byite (Lime-labradorite). 
 
 III. 6.) CaO,Si0 2 ; A1 2 3 , 2Si0 2 + 3 Aq Occurs i 
 
 as the I 
 
 mineral Scolecite (Lime-mesotype). Readily de- 
 composed by chlorhydric acid, but without separa- 
 
 tion of gelatinous silica. Partially soluble in 
 oxalic acid, with separation of oxalate of lime. 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 water. ( W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 1848 , 
 (2.) 5.403.) 
 
 III. C.) Ca 0, Si 2 ; A1 2 3 , 2 Si O 2 + 4 Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Levyne. When pulverized, it is decom- 
 posed by acids, without gelatinizing. 
 
 IV. a.) CaO,2Si0 2 ; A1 2 3 , 2Si0 2 + 3Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Caporcianite. Easily soluble in acids, 
 witli separation of gelatinous silica. 
 
 IV. 6.) Ca 0, 2 Si 2 ; A1 2 8 , 2 Si 2 + 4 Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Laumonite. Easily soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid, with separation of a siliceous jelly. It gelat- 
 inizes also with nitric acid, but is not affected by 
 sulphuric acid unless this is hot. 
 
 IV. c.) CaO, 2SiO s i A1 2 3 , 2 Si 2 + 6 Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Chabazite. When powdered, it may be 
 completely decomposed by chlorhydric acid, 
 though this is only accomplished with difficulty. 
 
 V. a.) Ca 0, 2 Si 2 ; A1 2 O s , 4 Si 2 + 6 Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Heulandite. Readily decomposed by 
 chlorhydric acid, with separation of viscid silica. 
 V. 6.) Ca 0, 2 Si 2 ; A1 2 3 , 4 Si 2 + 6 Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Stilbite (Desmine). Slowly but com- 
 pletely decomposed by concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid, with separation of viscid silica. 
 
 VI.) 2 (Ca 0, Si 2 ); 2 A! 2 3 , 3 Si 0, Occurs as the 
 
 mineral Bar- 
 
 sowite, which gelatinizes easily when heated with 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 VII. ) 3 (2 Ca 0, Si 2 ) ; 2 (2 A1 2 3 , 3 Si 2 ) Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Meionite. Completely decomposed by 
 chlorhydric acid, with separation of gelatinous 
 silica. 
 
 SILICATE OF ALUMINA, OF LIME & OP POT- 
 ASH. 
 
 I.) KO, Si<V,2(CaO.Si0 2 ); Occurs as the min- 
 
 3 (A1 2 3 , 3 Si 2 ) + 15 Aq eral Phillipsite 
 
 (Lime-harmotome). . 
 
 Easily and completely decomposed by chlorhydric 
 acid, with separation of gelatinous silica. 
 
 II.) Ca 0, K O, Si 2 ; A1 2 3 , Si 2 + 4 Aq Occurs 
 
 as the 
 
 mineral Gismondine. Readily and completely 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid, the solution yielding a 
 siliceous jelly on being evaporated. 
 
 SILICATE OF ALUMINA, OF LIME & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) CaO, Si0 2 ; Na 0, Si 2 ; Occurs as the min- 
 A1 2 O 3 , 2 Si 2 + 6 Aq eral Gmetinite ( So- 
 
 da-chabazite) . Com- 
 pletely decomposed by chlorhydric acid, with sep- 
 aration of gelatinous silica. 
 
 II.) Ca 0, Si 2 ; Na 0, Si 3 ; Oc as the min- 
 2 A1 2 3) 7 Si 2 + 18 Aq eral Faujasite. Sol- 
 
 uble in chlorhydric 
 acid. 
 
 SILICATE OF ALUMINA & OF POTASH. 
 
 I. ) K 0, 2 Si 2 ; A1 2 3 , 2 Si O 2 Occurs as the 
 mineral Leucite. 
 
 The powdered mineral is completely decomposed 
 by acids, with separation of pulverulent silica. 
 
550 
 
 SILICATES- 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water and also even by pure 
 water. (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Set., 
 1848, (2.) 5.403.) 
 
 II.) KO,3SiO j; Al 2 3 ,3Si0 2 Occurs as the 
 mineral Orlho- 
 
 clase (Feldspar), which is not acted upon to any 
 great extent by acids. Powdered feldspar dis- 
 solves with difficulty and only partially in hot 
 c-hlorhydric acid. (G. Rose.) When finely pow- 
 dered feldspar is exposed to a prolonged digestion 
 in sulphuric or chlorhydric acid a portion of 
 the mineral is dissolved, even at the ordinary 
 temperature ; 30 grains of potash feldspar being 
 digested during 12 hours in chlorhydric acid, at 
 15.56, lost nearly a grain in weight, the solution 
 containing both chloride of potassium and chloride 
 of aluminum. (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. 
 Sci., 1848, (2.) 6. 396.) It is decomposed and 
 dissolved to a certain extent by carbonic acid- 
 water, and also even by pure water. (W. B. & 
 R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 1848, (2.) 5. pp. 403, 
 404.) If powdered feldspar is ignited and then 
 boiled with milk of lime it gives up potash to the 
 water, the lime taking the place of potash in the 
 compound. (Fuchs, Zierl.) When in a state of 
 minute division, feldspar is not sensibly acted upon 
 by water at a temperature of 100; at 125, in a 
 Papin's digester, it renders the water feebly alka- 
 line ; at 150 strongl, and at 220 still more 
 strongly alkaline. (Forchammer, Pogg. Ann., 35. 
 353 [Gm.].) 
 
 SILICATE OF ALUMINA & OP SODA. 
 
 I. ) Na 0, Si 2 ; A1 2 3 , 2 Si 2 + 2 Aq Occurs as 
 
 the mineral 
 
 Natrolite (Soda-mesotype). Readily soluble even 
 after ignition, in chlorhydric acid, with separation 
 of gelatinous silica. 
 
 Easily soluble in oxalic acid. (Fuchs.) De- 
 composed and dissolved to a certain extent by 
 carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure water. 
 (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 1848, (2.) 
 5. 403.) 
 
 II.) Na 0, 2 Si 2 ; A1 2 O s , 2 Si 2 + 2 Aq Occurs as 
 
 the min- 
 eral Analcime. Readily decomposed by chlorhy- 
 dric acid, with separation of gelatinous silica. 
 After the mineral has been ignited, however, the 
 decomposition becomes more difficult. 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 Water. (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 
 1848, (2.) 5.403.) 
 
 III.) Na 0, 3 Si 2 ; A1 2 8 , 3 Si 2 Occurs as the" 
 
 mineral Albite 
 
 (soda-feldspar), which is not decomposed by alka- 
 line solutions or by acids, but is acted upon to a 
 certain extent by hot acids. 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 water. (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 
 1848, (2.) 5. pp. 403, 404.) 
 
 SILICATE OF AMYL. 
 
 I.) di. Insoluble in water, by which it is very 
 (" Protosilicate " [C 10 H u 0, Si 0] of Ebelmen.) slowly 
 2 C 10 H n O, Si 2 d e - 
 
 c o m - 
 
 posed. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol, 
 ether, and hydrate of amyl(fusel-oil). (Ebelmen, 
 Ann. Ck. et Phys., (3.) 16. 155.) 
 
 SILICATE OF BARYTA. One part of silica 
 fused with 2 pts. or more of baryta yields a com- 
 pound soluble in acids. (Kir wan ; Vauquelin.) 
 
 As prepared in the wet way, by adding an aque- 
 ous solution of baryta to a solution of waterglass, 
 it is readily soluble in an excess of a solution of 
 waterglass. ( Bolley. ) 
 
 SILICATE OF CERIUM. Occurs as the mineral 
 2 Ce 0, Si 2 + Aq Cerite. When finely powdered 
 it dissolves easily in chlorhy- 
 dric acid, with separation of gelatinous silica. 
 After having been ignited it is more easily soluble 
 in acids than before. 
 
 SILICATE OF COPPER. 
 
 a = Cu 0, Si O 2 -f- Aq Occurs as the mineral 
 Dioptase. Soluble in hot 
 
 nitric and chlorhydric acids, with separation of 
 gelatinous silica. 
 
 Unacted upon by a solution of caustic potash, 
 but dissolves, with separation of silica, in solutions 
 of caustic or carbonated ammonia. (Damour.) 
 
 b = CuO, Si O 2 + 2 Aq Occurs as the mineral 
 Chrysocolla. Decom- 
 posed by chlorhydric and other acids, with sep- 
 aration of gelatinous silica. 
 
 SILICATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Insoluble in water, 
 (" Risilicate " [C< H B 0, 2 Si 0], of Ebelmen.) and only 
 C 4 H 5 0, Si 2 very 
 
 slowly de- 
 composed by contact therewith. Soluble in all 
 proportions in alcohol, and ether ; also soluble in 
 the other silicates of ethyl. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 16. pp. 150, 153.) 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in alcohol, and ether, and in 
 (" Quadrisilicate " [C 4 H 5 monosilicate and disili- 
 C H S 0] 2S f i o behnen cate of ethyl. (Ebelmen.) 
 
 III.) di. Insoluble in water, but is slowly de- 
 (" Protosilicate "[C 4 H s 0, Si 0] of Ebelmen.) composed 
 2C 4 H 5 0, Si0 2 thereby. 
 
 Soluble 
 
 in all proportions in alcohol, and ether. (Ebel- 
 men, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 16. 145.) 
 
 SILICATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) basic. Occurs as the mineral Phenacite. 
 2 G1 2 3 , 3 Si 0, 
 
 SILICATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 Fe 0, Si Oj 
 
 II.) basic. Chlorhydric acid extracts the oxid 
 2 Fe 0, Si 2 of iron, and leaves the silica undis- 
 solved. (Mitscherlich, and others.) 
 Occurs native as Fayalite, a mineral easily attacked 
 by acids. (Delesse.) 
 
 SILICATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Fe 2 3 , 3 Si 2 + 3 Aq Occurs as the mineral 
 Ch/oropal. Insoluble 
 
 in cold acids, but soluble in hot sulphuric, chlor- 
 hydric, and nitric acids, with separation of gelati- 
 nous silica. (Berthier.) 
 
 IL) 2 Fe 2 O s , 9 Si 2 + 2 Aq Occurs as the min- 
 eral Anthosiderite. 
 Acids decompose it. 
 SILICATE OF IRON & OF MAGNESIA. 
 I. ) Fe 0, Si 2 ; 3 (Mg 0, Si 2 ) Occurs as a variety 
 of the mineral 
 
 Anthrophyllite. Scarcely at all acted upon by 
 acids. 
 
 II. ) Fe 0, Si 2 ; 6 (Mg 0, Si 2 ) Occurs as a variety 
 of the mineral An- 
 throphyllite. Scarcely at all acted upon by acids. 
 III.) 
 
 a = 2 Fe 0, Si 0, ; 2 (2 Mg 0, Si 2 ) Occurs in 
 
 nature as 
 
SILICATES. 
 
 551 
 
 Hyalosiderite, which is difficultly soluble in cold 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid, the solution yield- 
 ing a jelly on being evaporated. (Walchner.) 
 
 b = various comjiounds. Varieties of the mineral 
 2 Fe O, Si 2 5 4 @ 7 (2 Mg 0, Si 0,). Olivine. See un- 
 2 Fe O, Si 2 5 13 (2 Mg 0, Si 2 ). der SILICATE OF 
 
 MAGNESIA. 
 
 SILICATE OF IRON & OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) basic. Occurs native as Knebelite, which 
 MnO, Fe O, Si O 2 is decomposed by chlorhydric 
 acid, with partial solution and 
 separation of gelatinous silica. (Dcebereiner.) 
 
 SILICATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. The native 
 CaO, Si 2 mineral (Tubular-spar, Wollastonite) is 
 decomposed and partially dissolved by 
 chlorhydric acid, gelatinous silica separating out. 
 
 II.) bi. Occurs as the mineral Okenite. When 
 Ca 0, 2 Si 2 + a Aq powdered, this is easily decom- 
 posed by cold chlorhydric acid, 
 with separation of gelatinous flakes of silica; but 
 after ignition it cannot be thus dissolved, (v. 
 Kobell.) 
 
 Recently precipitated silicic acid being added to 
 lime-water removes all the lime from the solution, 
 excepting a small quantity which remains in com- 
 bination with the silica, the compound thus formed 
 not being completely insoluble in water. (Gado- 
 lin, Ann. de Chim., 1797, 27. 320.) As prepared 
 in the wet way, by adding lime-water to a dilute 
 solution of waterglass, silicate of lime is readily 
 soluble in an excess of the waterglass solution. 
 (Bolley.) 
 
 SILICATE OF LIME & OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) Ca 0, Si 0, ; 2 (Mg 0, Si 2 ) Occurs as the 
 mineral Diop- 
 side. Only very slightly acted upon by acids. 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 water. ( W. B. & 11. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sc.i., 1848, 
 (2.) 5. 403.) 
 
 II.) CaO, Si0 2 ; 3 (Mg 0, Si O 2 ) Occurs as the 
 mineral Tremo- 
 lite, which is not acted upon by acids. 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 water. (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 
 1848, (2.) 5. pp. 403, 404.) 
 
 SILICATE OF LIME & OF POTASH. Occurs as 
 K 0, 2 Si 2 ; 8 (Ca 0, 2 Si 2 ) + 18 Aq the mineral 
 
 Apophyllite. 
 
 The powdered mineral is easily decomposed by 
 chlorhydric acid, with separation of silica ; but 
 after ignition it is with difficulty acted upon by 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 When apophyllitc is heated with water to 180 
 @ 190, under a pressure of 10 12 atmospheres, 
 it dissolves, and crystallizes again as the solution 
 cools (Wochler); but at the ordinary temperature, 
 even under a pressure of 12 <g> 79 atmospheres, no 
 trace of it is dissolved. (Bunsen.) 
 
 SILICATE OF LIME & OF SODA. Occurs as 
 
 NaO, 4 CaO, 6SiO 2 + Aq the mineral Pectolite. 
 
 This is very slowly 
 
 acted upon by chlorhydric acid, unless it be in 
 powder. If the mineral is ignited before being 
 treated with chlorhydric acid, the latter causes the 
 silica to separate in the gelatinous condition, (v. 
 Kobell.) 
 
 SILICATE OF LIME with TITANATE OF LIME. 
 CaO, 2 Si Oi ; Ca O,2 Ti Oi Occurs as the miner- 
 al Sphene (Titanite). 
 
 When finely powdered, it is partially decomposed 
 by chlorhydric, and more completely by sul- 
 phuric acid. Fluorhydric acid decomposes it 
 more easily^ 
 
 SILICATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I. a.) Mg 0, Si Oj Insoluble in chlorhydric acid or 
 
 a solution of caustic potash. 
 
 (Ebelmen, loc. inf. cit.) It occurs also in nature 
 
 as the mineral Enstatite. Unacted upon by acids. 
 
 (Kenngott.) 
 
 As prepared in the wet way, by adding an aque- 
 ous solution of magnesia to a dilute solution of 
 waterglass, silicate of magnesia is readily soluble 
 in an excess of a solution of waterglass. (Bolley.) 
 
 6 = 2 (Mg 0, Si 2 ) + Aq Occurs as the mineral 
 Picrosmine. 
 
 c = 2 (Mg 0, Si 2 ) + 3 Aq Occurs as the min- 
 eral Kerolite. It is 
 unacted upon by acids. 
 
 d = 4 (Mg 0, Si 2 ) + 3 Aq Occurs as the mineral 
 Aphrodite. Decom- 
 posed by concentrated acids, with separation of 
 gelatinous silica. 
 
 II.) 2MgO, Si0 2 Insoluble in water, or cold 
 dilute chlorhydric acid. De- 
 composed by hot concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. 57.) It 
 occurs also in nature, mixed with disilicate of iron, 
 as the mineral Chrysolite (Olivine) of composition 
 2 Fe O, Si O 2 ; 32 40 (2 Mg 0, Si O 2 ). Chry- 
 solite is not decomposed by chlorhydric acid, but 
 is decomposed by sulphuric acid, with separation 
 of pulverulent silica, (v. Kobell, J. pr. Ch., 5. 214 
 [Gm.].) Olivin is decomposed with the greatest 
 facility by chlorhydric acid, with separation of 
 gelatinous silica. (Bcrzelius, in his Jahresbericht, 
 1836, 15. 217.) Decomposed and dissolved to a 
 certain extent by carbonic acid- water, and also 
 even by pure water. ( W. B. & R. E. Rogers. Am. 
 J. Sci., 1848, 5. 403.) 
 
 III.) 2 Mg 0, 3 Si 2 + 2 Aq & 4 Aq Occurs as the 
 
 mineral Meer- 
 schaum. Decomposed by chlorhydric acid, with 
 separation of silica. 
 
 IV.) 5 Mg 0, 6 Si 2 -t- 4 Aq Occurs as the min- 
 eral Spadaite. Ea- 
 sily decomposed by chlorhydric acid, with separa- 
 tion of gelatinous silica, (v. Kobell.) 
 
 V.) 12 Mg 0, 15 Si 2 + 4 Aq Occurs as the min- 
 eral Talc and 
 Steatite. It is not acted upon by acids. 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 water. ( W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 1848 
 5. 403.) 
 
 VI.) 3 Mg 0, 2 Si 0, + 2 Aq Occurs as the min- 
 eral Serpentine. 
 
 Powdered serpentine dissolves in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, leaving a siliceous jelly ; it is 
 still more easily acted upon by sulphuric acid. 
 
 Decomposed and dissolved to a certain extent 
 by carbonic acid-water, and also even by pure 
 water. (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 1848 
 5. 403.) 
 
 V II.) 4 Mg 0, 3 Si O z + 6 Aq Occurs as the min- 
 eral Deweylite ( Gym- 
 nite. ) 
 
 SILICATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
552 
 
 SILICATES. 
 
 I.) normal. Occnrs native as Manganese Spar, ' what more siliceous than the original silicate. 
 MnO,Si0 2 or Rhodonite. This is partially solu- j [Compare Silicate of Soda.] (Ordway, Am. .1. 
 hie in concentrated chlorhydric acid, Scl, (2.) 33. pp. 27, 29.) Silicate of potash is 
 
 being completely decomposed thereby. 
 
 thrown down somewhat less readily and com- 
 pletely than silicate of soda. The precipitates 
 
 . . rn J '. I'lVl^iJ L11C11J CIllv.clLly \Ji C1WVIO.. A I1C Ul CCmllalCS 
 
 II.) basic. Occurs as the mineral Tephrmte, j thus obtained b alcohol are for th / mo; f t t 
 rtn 0, Si0 2 which forms a stiff jelly with chlor- readil goluble - n coM wa{er /w , 53. pp. 
 hydric acid, being completely de- 340,341.) 
 
 2M: 
 
 composed. (Rammelsberg. 
 
 SILICATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 SILICATE OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 SILICATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Deliquescent. Soluble in cold wa- 
 it 0, Si 2 ter. (H. Rose.) 
 
 II.) basic. Deliquescent. Readily soluble in 
 
 1 @ 2 (or more) K O, Si 3 cold water, forming the 
 
 liquor silicum, or Kiesel- 
 
 Jeucktigkeit, of the earlier chemists. Also soluble 
 in aqueous alkaline solutions. 
 
 On adding to liquor silicum an acid in quantity 
 not sufficient for saturation, there is precipitated a 
 compound of the potash with excess of silica ; but ' 
 a larger quantity of acid throws down the silicaas 
 a gelatinous hydrate. (Dalton.) For further de- 
 tails of the behavior of the aqueous solution with 
 acids, see under Silicic Acid. If acetate of soda 
 be added to a solution of silicate of potash, with 
 or without an excess of base, silicic acid will be 
 precipitated. Several other soda salts may be 
 substituted for the acetate in this experiment. 
 (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 445; 
 compare Ordway's statements, under Silicate of 
 Soda.) 
 
 III.) acid. 
 
 a K 0, 2J @ 4i Si 2 
 ( Waterglass. Soluble glass.) 
 
 Permanent. Fused wa- 
 terglass is slowly, but 
 almost completely solu- 
 ble in boiling water. (Fuchs.) More readily sol- 
 uble ,in water than the corresponding soda-salt, 
 the potash silicates being more soluble than the 
 corresponding soda compounds. (Ordway, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 32. 155.) Potash silicates, which are 
 rather alkaline, are more deliquescent than the 
 corresponding soda silicates. (Ordway.) Water- 
 glass is much less readily soluble when contami- 
 nated with earthy impurities than when pure. 
 Fuchs says that an insoluble glass cannot be pre- 
 pared from pure quartz and pure potiish. " For 
 if we take two pts. of quartz to one ot potash we 
 obtain, as I have convinced myself, a glass which 
 partly dissolves in water." These proportions 
 would make about K O, 5 Si Oz. (Ibid., p. 162.) 
 
 When an aqueous solution of waterglass is 
 evaporated to dryness, there is obtained a perma- 
 nent, hydrated mass which dissolves very slowly 
 in cold water, but readily in boiling water. (Fuchs, 
 [ Gm.].) A concentrated aqueous solution contain- 
 ing 28% of anhydrous K O, 4 Si O 2 is of 1.25 sp. 
 gr. (Fuchs.) 
 
 Alcohol, even in small quantity, precipitates 
 waterglass from its aqueous solution, and thus 
 affords a means of purifying it from other salts of 
 potash, which are soluble in spirit. (Fuchs, Kast- 
 ner's Arctnv., 5. 385. [Gm.].) The alcohol, how- 
 ever, withdraws potash, even in the precipitation 
 of the salt, and still more on washing, until octo- 
 silicate of potash alone remains. (Forchhammer.) 
 
 Alcohol, and wood-spirit, precipitates silicate of 
 potash, as such, from its aqueous solution, even 
 when this is very dilute. 
 
 In determining what is the highest possible rela- 
 tive proportion of silica capable of entering into 
 complete solution it is very important to eliminate 
 the last traces of foreign matters and to operate 
 only upon pure products. Fuchs could not get 
 much beyond K O, 3| Si O 2 , and even this solu- 
 tion he describes as being usually lacking in clear- 
 ness ; and Forchhammer (Pogg. Ann., 35. 341), 
 says that while silicate of potash, in which the oxy- 
 gen of the acid is eight times as great as that 
 of the base is still soluble, the slightest addi- 
 tional quantity of silica is no longer dissolved. 
 Both these observers evidently overlooked the dis- 
 turbing influence of minute portions of earthy 
 matter. For in reality, by operating with a well- 
 purified silicate, prepared by precipitation with 
 alcohol, as above mentioned, it is possible to get at, 
 least as far as K O, 4 Si 2 , or Na O, 4| Si 2 , 
 and have a solution perfectly transparent. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 33. 33.) 
 
 For the precipitation of waterglass by salts of 
 potash and soda, and for numerous other points 
 concerning it, see under Silicate of Soda. 
 
 b = hyperacid. A hydrated octosilicate (K O, 
 8 Si 2 -f- x Aq) obtained by Forchhammer, by 
 precipitating an aqueous solution of waterglass 
 with an excess of alcohol, and washing the pre- 
 cipitate with spirit of 30%, so long as the filtrate 
 exhibited an alkaline reaction, was only partially 
 soluble in hot water. The insoluble residue ob- 
 tained by thoroughly boiling the octosilicate in 
 water contained K O, 18 Si O 2 + 9 Aq. K O, 
 24 Si O 2 is a gelatinous precipitate insoluble in 
 water. "(Forchhammer.) 
 
 SILICATE OF POTASH & OF STHONTIA. In- 
 soluble in water. 
 
 SILICATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of caustic potash, and in 
 acids, with separation of gelatinous Si 2 . 
 
 SILICATE OF POTASH with TITANATE OF 
 POTASH. Insoluble in water. While still moist 
 it is readily soluble in concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid. (H. Rose.) 
 
 SILICATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. 
 Na O, Si 2 + 6, 7, 8, or 9 Aq 
 
 (Fritzsche ; Hermann.) 
 
 Very soluble in water. 
 Melts in its water of 
 crystallization. 
 
 II.) basic. See the corresponding potash com- 
 
 (Liquor silicum.) pound. 
 
 III.) acid. 
 
 a = Waterglass. Permanent. Slowly but 
 
 Na O,2(o, 35 (w more) Si 2 completely soluble in 
 
 boiling water. (Fuchs.) 
 
 Fused waterglass is but little acted on by cold 
 water, but when pure it dissolves without much 
 difficulty, in water kept continually boiling ; though 
 the solution goes on slowly and so evenly that hits 
 retain to the last their exact original form, the 
 sharp angles even not being rounded. (Ordway, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 337.) For making a liquid 
 
 tuis is very dilute. Contrary to the view or pasty silicate, the glass'coarselv ground may be 
 formerly held by Fuchs, the alcohol, in this experi- boiled with water till the solution stands at about 
 meat, always effects a partial decomposition of the | 25 B. after cooling. If it is made much stronger 
 silicate, the precipitate thrown down being some- | than this it will not settle readily. Some manu- 
 
SILICATES. 
 
 553 
 
 facturers dissolve waterglass by blowing steam 
 directly into the water, but in that case the solu- 
 tion goes on very slowly, because the heat is 
 in-sufficient. It is far better to have an iron kettle 
 heated by a fire. After the solution has been 
 allowed to deposit suspended insoluble matters, 
 it may be concentrated, by evaporation to any 
 required degree, within certain limits. When it 
 becomes thick, the further application of heat is 
 attended with no little difficulty ; for the silicate 
 then rapidly adheres to the kettle, and there is 
 needed very diligent scraping with a chisel-pointed 
 bar to keep the bottom and sides of the vessel 
 clear of the spongy coating ; and to push the 
 evaporation to dryness is quite out of the ques- 
 tion. A solution of the silicate Na O; 2^ Si 3 
 cannot conveniently be made stronger than 50 B. 
 (Ordway, Am. ./. Set., (2 ) 32. 162.) 
 
 In operating in the large way, where solutions 
 are wanted day after day, it saves much time and 
 fuel not to try to dissolve completely any given 
 quantity of the glass in a particular amount of 
 water, but always to keep an excess of the coarsely 
 ground silicate in the kettle, and boil, with fre- 
 quent stirring, till the liquor acquires a sufficient 
 strength, as shown by the hydrometer. If the 
 solution is dipped out hot, either the kettle must 
 be immediately filled again with hot water, or the 
 glass also must be taken out and held back till 
 the water becomes hot, otherwise the silicate is 
 apt to stick together and adhere most obstinately 
 to the bottom of the kettle. 
 
 When a waterglass contains a greater portion 
 of silica than is needed to constitute a tersili- 
 cate (Na O, 3 Si O 2 ) its solution is the work of 
 many hours. As the relative amount of silica is 
 increased, the precise point at which the product 
 ceases to be integrally soluble has never yet been 
 ascertained. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 
 337.) 
 
 When boiled with a large excess of water, fused 
 waterglass tends to undergo decomposition, a 
 small portion of it being left undissolved ; the 
 amount of this insoluble matter depending in 
 great measure upon the quantity of water used. 
 In other words, very siliceous waterglass is not 
 integrally soluble in mere water, but dissolves 
 without any considerable decomposition in a 
 strong solution of the silicate itself. When the 
 least practicable proportion of water is taken, the 
 light flocculent deposits actually obtained are 
 made up chiefly of earthy and metallic silicates ; 
 and it may be fairly inferred that in such cases an 
 absolutely pure silicate of potash or soda would 
 give no remainder except the very little produced 
 by the first contact of pure water with the outer 
 surface. But the sediment left after the action of 
 a large quantity of water is dense and scaly, and 
 under the microscope appears to consist of purely 
 siliceous filmy skeletons of the original particles 
 of the glass ; and there would doubtless be such 
 a residue even though the silicate were completely 
 free from foreign matter. The greater the pro- 
 portion of alkali, the less decomposable is fused 
 waterglass ; and it may safely be said that pure 
 products, a little more alkaline than Na 0, 2^ 
 Si 2 , would dissolve without remainder in any 
 quantity of water, however great. (Ordway, Am. 
 J. Sci., (2.) 35. pp. 193 - 195 ; for the quantitative 
 results obtained by Ordway in this connection we 
 must refer the reader to the original memoir.) 
 
 The aqueous solution of waterglass must not 
 
 be confounded with the much more alkaline 
 
 liquor silicum (Kieselfeuchtigkeit, of the Germans) 
 
 obtained by dissolving basic, deliquescent, silicate 
 
 70 
 
 of soda. It is true, that, strictly speaking, no 
 actual line of demarcation can be drawn between 
 these substances, yet they really constitute two 
 distinct bodies, at least in so far as difference of 
 properties is concerned. Any silicate of soda 
 more alkaline than Na O, 2| Si O 3 is prone to 
 deliquescence, and is too poor in silica for most 
 uses to which waterglass is applied, and it would 
 perhaps be but just to consider " waterglass " as 
 including nothing more basic than this. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. ScL, (2.) 32. 156.) Na O, l SiO 2 
 is readily taken up by water at less than the boil- 
 ing heat. (Ordway,7oc. '., 32. 338.) 
 
 Silicate of soda is somewhat harder to dissolve 
 in water than a corresponding silicate of potash. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. pp. 338, 155.) 
 Waterglass which contains both potash and soda 
 forms a thinner solution than either of these sili- 
 cates taken separately. (Dcebereiner.) 
 
 A simple (fused) soda or potash silicate with 
 4 or more equivalents of acid to one of base 
 may be considered as practically insoluble in 
 water, though of course such glass would be, like 
 ordinary window-glass, etc., somewhat acted upon 
 by boiling water. Peligot found the so-called 
 " alabaster glass " of commerce to consist al- 
 most entirely of silica and potash in such propor- 
 tions as to make K 0, 7 Si Oz, were the silica all 
 in combination ; but in this case a part of the 
 silica is merely diffused, and so produces the 
 opacity of the glass. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 32. 163.) For Fuchs's view, that no insoluble 
 glass can be prepared from pure silica and pure 
 potash, see below, among the remarks upon or- 
 dinary glass. 
 
 The solubility of waterglass is much impaired 
 by the presence of earthy impurities ; hence, when 
 it is desired to obtain the greatest possible relative 
 amount ' of silica in solution, it is necessary to 
 make the glass of none but the purest materials. 
 Earthy or metallic oxides very much lessen the 
 solubility of the product, and if more than a mere 
 trace of them is present, a larger proportion of 
 alkali is required to render the mass capable of 
 yielding readily to boiling water. A silicate so con- 
 taminated will not in fact enter directly into solu- 
 tion ; it is only decomposed by boiling with water, 
 into a more alkaline silicate which dissolves, and 
 a compound earthy silicate which remains as a 
 bulky residue, often in the form of plates or scales. 
 Thus, of a well-worked waterglass made from 
 crude sulphate of soda, water took up only 89%, 
 leaving a copious sediment consisting of soda, 
 lime, magnesia, alumina, ferrous and ferric oxides, 
 and silica. Indeed, common glass is but an alka- 
 line silicate, rendered insoluble by a more con- 
 siderable amount of lime or oxide of lead. Sand 
 which contains clay, mica, feldspar, lime, or oxide 
 of iron is unsuitable for the manufacture of water- 
 glass. When waterglass thus contaminated is 
 treated with boiling water, the earths and metallic 
 oxides are mostly left behind as compound sili- 
 cates ; and if sulphides are present, a part of the 
 iron remains, as sulphide, giving a blackish color 
 to the sediment. But these foreign matters are 
 not left wholly undissolved, for a solution of 
 waterglass has the power of taking up small 
 quantities of most oxides, and the solvent power 
 increases with the strength of the solution ; so 
 that a liquor which is slightly turbid while weak, 
 may become quite clear by concentration, and, 
 on the other hand, this clear, strong liquid is ren- 
 dered turbid again by large dilution. (Compare 
 Silicate of Potash.) (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 32. pp. 162, 338.) 
 
554 
 
 SILICATES. 
 
 On the addition of alcohol or wood-spirit to an 
 aqueous solution of waterglass the greater part 
 of the silicate is precipitated as such, even when 
 the solution is very weak. This precipitation is, 
 however, attended with a certain amount of de- 
 composition, the alcohol tending to retain in solu- 
 tion a portion of a silicate more alkaline than that 
 previously dissolved in the water, while the pre- 
 cipitate formed is always somewhat more siliceous 
 than the original silicate. The more any given 
 waterglass solution is diluted before adding alco- 
 hol, the greater will be the relative amount of 
 silica in the precipitate. Hence by mere precipi- 
 tation under varied conditions, an unlimited num- 
 ber of differently constituted silicates may be 
 obtained. But while the ratio of acid and base 
 admits of an infinite diversity, the quantity of 
 water in the principal products appears to be 
 nearly constant, generally amounting to not far 
 from fifty per cent. The quantity of silicate which 
 remains dissolved in the supernatant alcoholic 
 liquid is always exceedingly small, but is some- 
 what increased by heat. A mother liquor of this 
 sort, which is quite milky when first decanted, 
 becomes perfectly transparent by being warmed a 
 few degrees, and the opacity reappears on cooling. 
 Indeed, a nicely balanced solution of this kind is 
 quite sensitive to changes of temperature in the 
 room ; and the nearer we get to an entire precipi- 
 tation of the silica, the more apt is the remaining 
 liquid to exhibit such alternations of opacity and 
 clearness. The silicates, containing less than 2^ 
 equivalents of Si Oz to 1 equivalent of alkali, are 
 usually thrown down in the liquid state; those 
 more siliceous yield solids of greater and greater 
 firmness as the relative proportion of silica in- 
 creases. In most cases these precipitates dissolve 
 readily in cold water. Silicate of soda is thrown 
 down by alcohol somewhat more readily and 
 completely than silicate of potash. 
 
 When a waterglass is contaminated with saline 
 and earthy impurities, these may be got rid of by 
 several properly conducted fractional precipita- 
 tions with alcohol, the salts remaining dissolved 
 in the alcoholic liquors while the earthy and me- 
 tallic oxides are withdrawn by the first small frac- 
 tional deposits. Since solutions containing even 
 as much as ten per cent of any of the salts com- 
 monly occurring in crude waterglass are not 
 immediately affected by a moderate addition of 
 alcohol, it is not strange that the greater part of 
 these salts should remain in the supernatant liquor 
 while the waterglass is almost wholly precipi- 
 tated. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 340; 33. 
 pp. 35, 27. For the numerous quantitative results 
 obtained by Ordway in his experiments upon the 
 precipitation of waterglass by alcohol, see Am. 
 J. Set., (2 ) 33. pp. 27-33.) 
 
 Many neutral potassium and sodium salts pre- 
 cipitate waterglass, as such, when added to its 
 aqueous solution, the salt used as a precipitant 
 not entering into the chemical composition of the 
 deposit, which consists of silica, alkali, and water 
 united in no definite proportions. Like alcohol, 
 these saline solutions exert a slight parting force 
 on the constituents of waterglass, the precipitate 
 being always more siliceous than the original sili- 
 cate ; and the more siliceous, moreover, in pro- 
 portion as the solutions employed are more dilute 
 before being mixed. The less'alkaline the silicate 
 is, the more matter is thrown down by a given 
 saline liquid ; and the more concentrated the so- 
 lutions are, the more complete is the precipitation, j 
 With strong liquors, an increase in the quantitv 
 of the precipitant used is not attended by a pro- j 
 
 portionate increase in the amount of coagulum ; 
 but a little more of the saline liquid than will just 
 produce a disturbance usually suffices to throw 
 down the greater part of all that is precipitable. 
 The precipitates have a greater or less tendency 
 to cohere into hard or pasty masses, which can be 
 in great measure freed from adhering mother 
 liquor by strong pressure. After having thus 
 been forcibly cleared of foreign matter, all the 
 precipitates, which are less siliceous than R O, 4^ 
 Si O 2 , are wholly soluble in cold water ; when 
 exposed to the air for a day or two in a warm 
 place, they lose 20% or more of their weight, and 
 become dry and hard, their solubility remaining 
 unimpaired. Silicate of soda yields a larger 
 deposit than silicate of potash does under similar 
 conditions. When a silicate of one alkali is pre- 
 cipitated by a salt of the other, both bases enter 
 into the composition of the solid product, and the 
 relative proportion of potash and soda therein is 
 very nearly the same as in the average of the 
 liquors mixed. 
 
 Different salts possess very unequal precipitat- 
 ing power, the acetates and chlorides being par- 
 ticularly efficient. Heat increases the precipitating 
 power of the chlorides, sulphates, and nitrates, 
 and diminishes that of the acetates. The alkaline 
 acetates are rather more efficient than the chlo- 
 rides, in throwing down waterglass ; but acetate 
 of soda gives only very slight precipitates with 
 Na O, 24 Si O 2 , and this after standing some time. 
 Nitrate of soda has but very little effect upon the 
 more alkaline silicates. Sulphate of soda has 
 still less precipitating power than the nitrate. 
 Normal carbonate of soda is devoid of precipi- 
 tating power; and normal (tris) arseniate, and 
 phosphate, of soda has little or no effect. Bisul- 
 phate, bicarbonate, diphosphate, and dinarseniate 
 of soda all act as acid salts, throwing down gelati- 
 nous silica. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 35. pp. 
 185-193. The results of numerous quantitative 
 experiments are given by O. in this memoir. 
 Compare Ibid., 32. 340.) Ammonia salts throw 
 down silica from a strong solution of waterglass, 
 while ammonia is evolved, silicate of ammonia 
 being a compound apparently incapable of more 
 than a momentary existence under the ordinary 
 pressure of the atmosphere. (Ibid., 32. 340.) 
 Of course most earthy and metallic salts effect a 
 double decomposition when mixed with alkaline 
 silicates, and generally a thickening of the whole 
 mass very soon ensues. But sulphate and carbo- 
 nate of baryta seem to be without action, and so 
 does fluoride of calcium. Most lime salts, whether 
 soluble or insoluble, are particularly energetic in 
 their operation ; carbonate oflime does not produce 
 any decided change, yet when it is boiled with 
 a very siliceous silicate it becomes flocculent, 
 showing that there is a partial exchange of con- 
 stituents. The basic carbonates of zinc and mag- 
 nesia, and the carbonates of lead and manga- 
 nese produce an immediate coagulation, as does 
 also carbonate of ammonia. (Ibid., 32. 339.) 
 Baryta, strontia, and lime-water, and likewise a 
 solution of aluminate of potash throw down the 
 whole qf the silica, together with part of the pot- 
 ash, in the form of a double silicate, the rest of 
 the potash remaining in the liquid in the free state. 
 (Guyton-Morveau, Ann. Chim., 31. 246 ; Bucholz, 
 Taschenb., 1812, p. 156; Dcebereiner, Sc/iw., 10. 
 113 [Gm.].) Zincate of soda mixed with a cold 
 aqueous solution of waterglass at first shows no 
 change, but a precipitate soon forms. In like 
 manner aluminate and glucinate of soda speedily 
 cause a precipitation. But manganate, stannate, 
 
SILICATES. 
 
 655 
 
 and chromate of soda produce no alteration. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. ScL, (2.) 32. 339.) 
 
 When an aqueous solution of waterglass is 
 evaporated to dryness, and the whole of the water 
 expelled by ignition, a part of the silica goes over 
 into the passive state, and the mass is consequent- 
 ly no longer completely soluble in water. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 342.) Fremy found that 
 after R O, 4^ Si O 2 has been carefully dried, water 
 dissolves the alkali out of the residue, and leaves 
 the silica, which last, according as the heat has 
 been more or less intense, is or is not soluble in 
 dilute alkalies. The compounds R O, 2| Si O 2 
 also he found to be decomposable by heat, but the 
 compounds R O, 1^ Si O 2 were ascertained to be 
 unchanged by dehydration. (Ibid.) 
 
 When a dilute acid is added to a weak solution 
 of a silicate there is no immediate precipitation of 
 silica, but after some hours the whole gelatinizes. 
 With sulphuric acid the coagulation comes on 
 soon ; but with chlorhydric acid the change is 
 delayed a long time, and the mixture may some- 
 times even be heated and partially evaporated and 
 still remain liquid. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 32. 
 pp. 340, 164.) Almost any sample of waterglass 
 may be rendered more siliceous by adding a portion 
 of dilute acid to its aqueous solution, in order to 
 neutralize a part of the base, and then precipitating 
 with alcohol. But in doing this it is necessary to 
 precipitate with alcohol very soon after the addition 
 of the dilute acid ; otherwise, under the influence 
 of the neutral salt formed, the silicate gradually 
 undergoes a change of state and finally gelatinizes. 
 Nitric acid is peculiarly suitable for withdrawing 
 the alkali, because the nitrates have less modifying 
 power than most other salts. (Ibid., 33. 32.) 
 
 A solution of waterglass so far diluted as to 
 contain from ^ to -$ pt. of silica solidifies im- 
 mediately when exactly neutralized with an acid, 
 and forms a solid, transparent jelly. With -^ (a) 
 ^-Q pt. of silica it does not form a jelly till after 
 the lapse of twelve hours ; with -g^-g- pt. of silica, 
 no reaction takes place. The slightest excess of 
 acid prevents the formation of the jelly. If a 
 current of carbonic acid gas is passed through a 
 solution containing y^-g- pt. of silica, no jelly is 
 formed till the liquid has been boiled, or exposed 
 to the air. With sulphate or chlorhydrate of am- 
 monia, a solution of the above strength forms a 
 jelly after a few minutes; a solution containing -gfa 
 y^fro' pt. of silica deposits a few flakes in the 
 course of 24 hours. (Walcker, Quar. J. Sci., (N. 
 S.) 3.^371 [Gm.].) For further details of the 
 action "of acids upon solutions of the alkaline 
 silicates, see above, under Silicic Acid. 
 
 a' = Precipitated Waterglass. The hydrated 
 compounds obtained by precipitating aqueous 
 solutions of ordinary waterglass with saline so- 
 lutions, or with alcohol or wood-spirit, as above 
 described, deserve to be here mentioned under a 
 special heading, although their behavior with 
 solvents has already been alluded to under the 
 preceding title. These hydrates which, as Ord- 
 way states, may be regarded as compounds of 
 Na O, Si O 2 , with varying amounts of Si 2 , 
 (H 0) x are not only very much more readily 
 soluble in water than ordinary fused waterglass, 
 but they also dissolve in water without decompo- 
 sition, thereby differing, to a certain extent, from 
 the fused glass, which, when more siliceous than 
 Na 0, 2^ Si O 2 , undergoes partial decomposition 
 in dissolving in pure water, as stated above. 
 
 After having been freed from foreign matter by 
 expression, all the precipitates less siliceous than 
 
 R O, 4^ Si O 2 , are wholly soluble in cold water. 
 After being exposed to the air for a day or two, 
 in a warm place, they lose 20% or more of their 
 weight, and become dry and hard, but their solu- 
 bility remains unimpaired. A very hard, precipi- 
 tated product a little more siliceous than NaO, 4j 
 Si O 2 , afforded a clear solution with four times its 
 weight of cold water, being taken up completely 
 except a thin external film of silica. A potash 
 salt, of composition K O, 4-^Q Si 2 , dissolved 
 completely in cold water while new, yielding a 
 perfectly clear solution ; but exposure to the air 
 for several days rendered the superficial portions 
 insoluble. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 35. 192; 
 33. pp. 32, 30, 34.) 
 
 IV.) Ordinary Glass. A few facts concerning 
 the action of solvents upon ordinary glass may 
 here be cited. The glasses of commerce are 
 mixtures in various proportions of an acid silicate 
 of potash or soda, or of both, with an acid silicate 
 of some one, or more, of the alkaline earths or 
 metallic oxides, the latter being most commonly 
 silicate of lime, but sometimes silicate of lead, as 
 in flint glass, &c. In green bottle-glass the easily 
 fusible silicate of iron replaces in part the fixed 
 alkaline silicate. 
 
 Pure silicate of potash or soda, or a mixture of 
 the two, even with a sufficient quantity of silica to 
 form a very infusible glass, would still be attacked 
 by water and acids. Silicate of lime is likewise 
 acted on by acids, but a mixture of it with silicate 
 of potash or soda resists their action much more 
 strongly. Ordinary glass is more easily attacked 
 by water and acids, the greater the excess of pot- 
 ash, soda, baryta, lime, magnesia, or oxide of lead 
 which it contains, an excess of lead rendering it 
 peculiarly liable to be corroded by acids. (Gme- 
 lin's Handbook.) 
 
 Glass, as that of a flask, is decomposed to a con- 
 siderable extent, by long-continued [several days] 
 boiling with water, a portion of the fixed alkali 
 being dissolved ; but when powdered glass is rubbed 
 with distilled water during two hours in a glass 
 mortar, the water remains pure and exhibits no 
 alkalinity. (Scheele, cited by Pelouze, C. R., 43. 
 117.) Glass, of alembics, is partially dissolved 
 after long-continued boiling with water. (Lavoi- 
 sier, Ibid.) Water extracts potash or soda from 
 glass, together with a portion of silica, the de- 
 composition taking place with greater ease in 
 proportion as the glass is richer in these alkalies, 
 and more minutely divided, and the temperature 
 of the water higher. The powder filed off from a 
 tube of white glass reddens moistened turmeric- 
 paper. (Bischof, Kastner's Archiv., 1. 443 [C?m.].) 
 Finely pounded plate-glass acts in a similar man- 
 ner. (Faraday, Pogg. Ann., 18. 569 [Gm.]. ) 
 Fuchs (Kastner's Archiv., 5. 396 [Gm.]) says that 
 with pure quartz and pure potash an insoluble 
 glass cannot be prepared. " For if we take two 
 parts of quartz to one of potash, we obtain as 
 I have convinced myself a glass which partly 
 dissolves in water." This mixture would make 
 about K 0, 5 Si O 2 . " Besides, even glass con- 
 taining lime is more or less attacked by boiling 
 water, as has long been known, and as Scheele 
 especially proved. I found that many a glass, 
 when it is rubbed a long time in an agate mortar, 
 reacts very sensibly alkaline, and that when finely 
 powdered glass is boiled for many hours with 
 water, a fluid is obtained which has an alkaline 
 reaction, and gives a flocculent precipitate with 
 sal-ammoniac." (Cited by Ordway, Am. J. Sci., 
 (2.) 32. 162.) Water does not act upon all kinds 
 of glass ; but there are, nevertheless, many kind* 
 
556 
 
 SILICATES. 
 
 that it tends to decompose into a soluble alkaline 
 silicate, and an insoluble earthy and alkaline 
 silicate. Window-glass, and other varieties of 
 analogous composition, are altered in this man- 
 ner, and to a very considerable extent, by boiling 
 water, as was long ago noticed by Scheele. Hence 
 water which is boiled for a long time in glass 
 vessels becomes alkaline, and also cloudy, owing 
 to the insoluble earthy silicate, which is a residue 
 of the action, and, being detached from the walls 
 of the vessel, remains suspended in the water. 
 This effect is even so pronounced upon crown-glass, 
 and some varieties of window-glass, &c., that it is 
 only necessary to reduce them to fine powder, and 
 place this in contact with cold water, in order to 
 obtain an alkaline reaction. (Dumas, 7V., 6. 428.) 
 An alkaline reaction is exhibited by the powder of 
 bottle-glass, and also of devitrified glass formed 
 from it; of plate-glass, crown-glass, flint-glass, and 
 while enamel. After sufficient washing, it no lon- 
 ger reddens turmeric-paper, unless it be recrushcd 
 in a mortar. 100 pts. of finely divided flint-glass, 
 boiled for a week with water, lose 7 pts. of potash, 
 which may be recovered in the solid state by evap- 
 oration. (Griffiths, Quar. J. Set., 20.258 [(Jra.1.) 
 The moisture in the atmosphere produces a similar 
 alteration, separating the potash and soda, and 
 leaving the greater part of the silica with the lime 
 on the surface of the glass. (Griffiths.) Retorts 
 of ordinary glass, and those of flint-glass, are 
 partially dissolved when water is evaporated in 
 them. (Chevreul, 1811, cited by Pelouze, C. R., 
 43. 118.) Flint-glass, green bottle-glass, green 
 German glass, and hard, white Bohemian glass, 
 when finely powdered in an agate mortar, and 
 treated with distilled water at the ordinary temper- 
 ature, all exhibit well-marked alkaline reactions. 
 (W. B. & R. E. Rogers, Am. J. Sri., 1848, (2.) 
 5. 401.) All the varieties of glass which occur 
 in commerce, such as mirror and window-glass, 
 bottle-glass, crystal, flint-glass, and the other glasses 
 employed for optical instruments, when reduced 
 to fine powder and left in contact with the air decom- 
 pose slowly, with absorption of carbonic acid, so that 
 after a little time they effervesce with acids. The 
 same effervescence is produced when an acid is 
 added to a mixture of powdered glass and water 
 which has been exposed to the air during several 
 days ; the acid solution thus obtained contains 
 a large quantity of soda and lime, also almost 
 always some sulphuric acid from a trace of sul- 
 phate of soda contained in the glass. All glasses, 
 when in fine powder, exhibit an immediate alkaline 
 reaction with colored vegetable solutions ; this is a 
 consequence of their instantaneous alteration by 
 water. Powdered glass which has been acted 
 upon by cold water is further decomposed by 
 boiling water, as is noted below. Devitrified 
 glass behaves with water like ordinary glass, only 
 it appears to be still more easily decomposed. 
 (Pelouze, C. R., 1856, 43. pp. 121, 122.) 
 
 While water only acts with excessive slowness 
 upon vessels of glass in which it is boiled, and 
 with infinitely less energy upon these vitreous 
 surfaces when it is cold, it is nevertheless capable 
 of decomposing powdered glass with an extraor- 
 dinary facility. Thus a phial of about 500 c. c. 
 capacity lost scarcely 0.1 grm. of its weight after 
 water had been boiled in it during five days, but 
 when the neck of this phial was cut off, reduced 
 to powder and boiled in the same vessel during 
 the same space of time, decomposition occurred to 
 the extent of one third the weight of the phial. 
 On the other hand, a vessel which might have 
 held water for years without experiencing any 
 
 sensible loss of weight, at once undergoes a de- 
 composition representing 2 IS) 3% of its weight, if, 
 after having reduced it to powder, it be placed in 
 contact with cold water during a few minutes. 
 A sample of the best commercial white glass, 
 which afforded, on analysis, 72.1% of silica, 12.4% 
 of soda, 15.5% of lime, {8 Na O, 11 Ca O, 48 
 Si Oz,] together with traces of alumina and 
 oxide of iron, having been reduced to powder 
 and ground very finely upon an agate plate, 5.51 
 grms. of it were boiled with distilled water in a 
 porcelain dish, the water being renewed as it 
 evaporated. The clear liquid obtained from this 
 treatment being evaporated to dryness, the ignited 
 residue weighed 0.175 grm. [ = 3.16%]. The 
 portion insoluble in water, which effervesced with 
 dilute acids, contained 0.078 grm. of lime, a 
 weight corresponding to 1.5% of the glass em- 
 ployed. As the glass in question contained 15% 
 of lime, we may conclude that water decomposes 
 about 10% of the glass. Of another sample of 
 first quality glass which contained 77.3% of silica, 
 16.3% of soda, 6.4% of lime, [8 Na O, 4 Ca 0, 
 39 Si O 2 ], and traces of alumina and oxide of 
 iron, 5.18 grms. were taken, the experiment being 
 conducted as the foregoing instance. There was 
 obtained 0.945 grm. [=1824%] as the residue 
 of the aqueous solution, and 0.103 grm. as the 
 weight of lime, i. e. 2% of the weight of the 
 glass employed. As the glass contained 6.4% of 
 lime, it follows that 32% of the glass was de- 
 stroyed in this second experiment. The residue 
 of the aqueous solution being analyzed was found 
 to contain 0.281% of soda, or 5.6% of the weight 
 of the glass employed, the remainder being silica. 
 As the glass contained 16.3% of soda, this result 
 would indicate that 34% of the glass had been 
 attacked. In spite of the difference of 2% between 
 the numbers derived from the soda and the lime, 
 it may safely be affirmed that all the basic portion 
 of the glass is extracted from the portion destroyed, 
 and that by a sufficiently prolonged action, nothing 
 but silica would be left if an exceedingly fine 
 powder were operated upon. After five days' 
 ebullition, a sample of ordinary glass, similar to 
 that first mentioned, had undergone decompo- 
 sition to the extent of one third of its weight, 
 the silicate of soda given up to the water having 
 in each case the formula 4 Na O, 9 Si 2 . Crystal, 
 in fine powder, having been agitated during a few 
 instants with cold water mixed with a very small 
 quantity of acid, affords a precipitate of sulphide 
 of lead when treated with sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 After half an hour's ebullition with water and the 
 addition of an acid, 5 grms. of powdered crystal 
 furnished 0.05 grm. of sulphide of lead, a figure 
 which corresponds with the decomposition of about 
 3% of the crystal. Flint-glass, which contains 
 more lead than crystal, experiences a still more 
 considerable decomposition. The extraordinary 
 rapidity and ease with which powdered glass is 
 decomposed, as compared with the great stability 
 of vessels and other objects of moulded or blown 
 glass, might almost lead one to ask whether the 
 latter were not in a peculiar condition, possessing 
 properties different from those of the former ; but 
 this is improbable, in view of the stability of the 
 surfaces of " polished" glass, i. e. those in which 
 the natural surface has been removed. And it 
 appears to be more simple to refer these differ- 
 ences to different conditions of cohesion and 
 mechanical resistance. The multiplicity of sur- 
 faces and facility of movement of powdered glass 
 hasten its alteration by water. (Pelouze, C. R., 
 1856, 43. pp. 119 - 123.) When finely powdered 
 
SILVER. 
 
 557 
 
 glass for example, flint-glass, green bottle-glass, 
 hard, white Bohemian glass, or green German 
 glass is treated for a few moments at the ordi- 
 nary temperature with carbonic acid water, it is 
 partially decomposed and dissolved. (W.B. &R. 
 E. Rogers, Am. J. Sci., 1848, 5. 401.) When 
 finely powdered glass is boiled with water through 
 which a current of carbonic acid is caused to pass, 
 this gas is absorbed, and in a few instances the 
 powder effervesces when treated with acids. (Pe- 
 louze, C. R., 1856, 43. 121.) When boiled during 
 several hours with sulphate of lime, powdered glass 
 produces a notable quantity of sulphate of soda. 
 (Pelouze, C. R., 43. 121.) 
 
 The acids act upon glass with more or less facil- 
 ity. Fluorhydric acid especially attacks all kinds 
 of glass quickly and easily, a hot concentrated 
 solution of phosphoric acid likewise decomposes 
 every variety; the other acids also tend to decom- 
 pose glass, abstracting the bases and setting free 
 the silica. Many of the green bottle-glasses, which 
 resist the action of wine, are strongly attacked by 
 nitric, chlorhydric, and sulphuric acids. Bottle- 
 glass which contains too much alumina is one of 
 the kinds most easily attacked by acids ; glass of 
 this sort sometimes occurs which is so quickly 
 acted upon by the bitartrate of potash contained 
 in wine that its alteration may even be appreci- 
 ated after the lapse of a few days ; besides the 
 corrosion of the bottle itself and the deposition of 
 salts, the alumina salt formed enters into solution, 
 discolors the wine, and communicates to it a 
 disagreeable taste. (Dumas, Jr., 6. 430, and 
 Gm.) On pounded glass the acids act with much 
 greater energy. From pulverized flint-glass, boil- 
 ing chlorhydric acid extracts potash only, not the 
 oxide of lead. (Griffiths.) Glass which is poor 
 in silica is attacked by boiling concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid ; and glass of yet inferior quality 
 is acted on by boiling chlorhydric and nitric acids, 
 and aqua-regia, a dull spot remaining after the 
 evaporation of the acid. (Berzelius.) In distil- 
 ling chlorhydric acid from a green glass retort, a 
 portion of the latter was dissolved. (Hess, Pogg. 
 Ann., 20. 540 [GVn.].) Glasses which contain 
 lead are the more readily attacked by acids in 
 proportion as they are richer in lead ; a good 
 quality of crystal resists them very well. So too 
 with window-glasses, when too strongly alkaline 
 they are attacked very readily, but when well made 
 they withstand the acids. When a glass has been 
 depolit by exposure to a dull, red heat, it is sure 
 to be attacked by acids when treated therewith. 
 (Dumas, Tr., 6. 43J.) Glass is attacked not only 
 by the vapor of fluorhydric acid, but also by the 
 vapor of sulphuric acid, and with more or less 
 energy by the vapors of all acids. (J. Nickles, 
 C. R., 1857, 44. pp. 680, 681.) Many ammonia 
 salts containing the stronger acids also attack 
 glass, especially lead glass, when heated in contact 
 with it ; such is the case with a mixture of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium and nitrate of ammonia (Silli- 
 mari), or with sulphate or bisulphate of ammonia. 
 (Marchand, Pogg. Ann., 42. 556 \Gm.].) Glass 
 dissolves with various degrees of readiness in a 
 hot solution of caustic potash. (Lcewitz.) 
 
 Solutions of potash and soda decompose glass 
 to a certain extent, dissolving out the silica with 
 greater ease in proportion as they are more 
 concentrated and hotter ; even at ordinary tem- 
 peratures they partially dissolve the white glass 
 bottles and other vessels in which they are ordi- 
 narily kept, frequently causing the glass to crack. 
 (Gmelin, in his Handbook, 3. pp. 384, 14.) Even 
 ammonia-water-attacks many kinds of glass. A 
 
 bottle made of flint-glass, and containing a solution 
 of carbonate of ammonia, became so fragile that, on 
 shaking it, pieces of glass were detached. ( Griffiths. ) 
 
 SILICATE OF STRONTIA. Containing 3 equiv- 
 alents of strontia is sparingly soluble in water, but 
 readily soluble in dilute acids. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 SILICATE OF THORIA. Occurs as the mineral 
 2 Th 0, Si, O 2 + 2 Aq Thorite. After having been 
 ignited, this is scarcely at alj 
 acted upon by chlorhydric acid ; but when unig- 
 nited, it is completely decomposed by hot chlor- 
 hydric acid, with separation of gelatinous silica. 
 (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 16. 388.) 
 
 SILICATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) basic. 
 
 a = 2ZnO, Si 2 Occurs as the mineral Wille- 
 
 mite, which is soluble, for the 
 
 most part, in an aqueous solution of caustic potash, 
 
 and dissolves readily in acids with separation of 
 
 a siliceous jelly. 
 
 b = 2 Zn 0, Si 2 + Aq Occurs as the mineral 
 Calamine. Readily sol- 
 uble in acids, even in acetic acid, with separation 
 of a siliceous jelly. Soluble, for the most part, in 
 potash lye. 
 
 SILICATE OF ZIRCONIA. 
 
 I.) basic. Occurs as Zircon, or Hyacinth. Is 
 2 Zr 2 3 , 3 Si 2 not decomposed by acids, not even 
 by fluorhydric acid ; hot concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, however, acts upon it 
 slightly. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SILICIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 SILICIDE OF IRON. Insoluble in hot water. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in acids, even in 
 hydrofluosilicic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SILICIDE OF PLATINUM. Less easily soluble 
 than platinum in aqua-regia. (Boussingault.) 
 
 SILICIDE OF POTASSIUM. Decomposed by 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SiLicoFLUORiDE OF X. Vid. FluoSilicate 
 of X. 
 
 SILICON. (Silicium.) 
 
 I.) pulverulent. 
 
 a = recently prepared. Insoluble in and nnacted 
 Si + x Aq upon by water, sulphuric, or nitric 
 acid, or aqna-regia, even when boiled 
 with them. But is dissolved even in cold liquid 
 fluorhydric acid and in a warm concentrated 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 1. 323.) 
 
 fj = ignited. Unacted upon by fluorhydric acid, 
 or by potash lye, even when these are boiling, but 
 is very easily dissolved by a mixture of nitric and 
 flnorhydric acids. (Berzelius, Ibid.) 
 
 II.) graphite-like. Unacted upon by any acid. 
 Slowly, but completely, soluble in tolerably con- 
 centrated warm potash or soda lye, with evolution 
 of hydrogen. (Wcehler.) 
 
 III.) amorphous. After ignition it is insoluble 
 in all acids, but dissolves in potash or soda lye. 
 
 SILICURETTED HYDROGEN. Insoluble in pure 
 water free from air, in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of sodium, or in dilute chlorhydric or 
 sulphuric acid. Decomposed by a solution of 
 potash. (Wcehler & Buff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm 
 103. 224.) 
 
 SILVER. Unacted upon by water. Insoluble 
 Ag in the vegetable acids. Insoluble in dilute 
 sulphuric or phosphoric acid. Only slightly 
 attacked by boiling chlorhydric acid, but a mix- 
 ture of chlorhydric and arsenic acids attacks it 
 
558 
 
 SODIUM. 
 
 vigorously. Warm concentrated iodhydric acid, 
 on the other hand, dissolves it with evolution of 
 hydrogen, though it is insoluble in dilute iodhy- 
 dric acid. Nilric acid dissolves it even in the 
 cold. Soluble in hot concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 iu cold fuming sulphuric acid, and in arsenic acid. 
 
 Iodhydric acid attacks silver with extraordi- 
 nary energy, hydrogen being evolved. After the 
 action has ceased at the ordinary temperature, 
 because the acid is saturated with iodide of silver, 
 it may be reincited by heating the mixture. (H. 
 Deville, C. R., 1856, 42. 895.) A warm concen- 
 trated solution of iodide of potassium converts it 
 into iodide of silver, which dissolves in the excess 
 of iodide of potassium. 
 
 Silver is not attacked by pure dilute nitric acid 
 (of 1.405 sp. gr., or less) so long as the tempera- 
 ture is low. It is attacked, however, by dilute 
 nitric acid which contains nitrous acid. In pure 
 concentrated nitric acid the silver is soon covered 
 with a gray or white coat, which arrests further 
 action. [Compare Copper.] (Millon, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 6. 98.) Slightly soluble at the ordi- 
 nary temperature in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of sesquioxide of iron, and more readily 
 if this contain free sulphuric acid (Wetzlar, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1828) ; more 
 readily soluble in a boiling solution of persul- 
 phate of iron, dissolving completely, even when 
 the solution is made as nearly neutral as possible 
 by the introduction of hydrated sesquioxide of 
 iron ; in this reaction a portion of the sesquioxide 
 of iron is reduced to protoxide. Completely in- 
 soluble in, and unacted upon, by a boiling aqueous 
 solution of pure sulphate of protoxide of iron ; 
 but if even a slight quantity of sesquioxide of 
 iron be present in the solution, silver will dissolve 
 in it on boiling, though in presen'ce of so much 
 protoxide of iron a portion of the silver is re- 
 duced to the metallic state as the solution cools. 
 (A. Vogel, J. pr. Ch., 1840, 20. 362.) When 
 boiled in an aqueous solution of protochloride 
 . of mercury, the latter is reduced to dichloride, 
 which is precipitated together with the insoluble 
 chloride of silver which forms. (A. Vogel, J. pr. 
 Ch., 1840, 20.365.) 
 
 SINAMIN. Easily soluble in water, alcohol, 
 (Ml-glCyanamin.) and ether. (Robiquet 
 
 &Bussy;Will.) 
 
 SINAPIC ACID. Very slowly soluble in cold, 
 C 22 H 12 10 somewhat more readily soluble in 
 boiling water, and alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. Almost insoluble in acids. Easily sol- 
 uble with combination in alkaline solutions. (V. 
 Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 The alkaline salts of sinapic acid are readily 
 soluble in water, those of the alkaline earths are 
 difficultly soluble ; most of the sinapates are very 
 easily decomposed. , 
 
 SINAPATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SINAPATE OP BARYTA. Difficultly soluble in 
 C M H lo B 2 10 water. 
 
 SINAPATE or POTASH. Soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 
 SINAPATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 " SINAPIN " (of Berzelius). Vid. SulphoCyan- 
 hydrate of Sinapin. 
 
 SINAPIN. Soluble in water, hut the aqueous 
 C M Hj 5 N O u solution is decomposed on evaporat- 
 ing it. (V. Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 SINAPOLIN. Soluble in water, abundantly at 
 (DiAllylUrea. Cyanate the temperature of 
 
 ofdiJUlylammonium.) ^ ^ ^.j.^ fcfycohol, and 
 
 CH H M N 2 O a = N t \ (C 6 A 5 ) 2 ether> Readily s o'u- 
 ( H 2 ble, without decompo- 
 
 sition, in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid ; also soluble in other acids, 
 from which it is precipitated by ammonia. (Si- 
 mon; Will.) It is neither dissolved nor decom- 
 posed by potash lye. 
 
 SINETHTLAMIN. Vid. EthylSinamin. 
 
 SINKALIN. Exceedingly deliquescent. Solu- 
 (Sincalin.) ble in water. * (V. Babo & Hirsch- 
 c io H ls N0 2 brunn.) 
 
 SIPEERIN. Vid. Sepeerin. 
 
 SMiLACiN(from Smilax Sarsaparilla) . Readily 
 
 (Pariglin. Sarsaparillin.) Soluble in boiling, less 
 
 c ie H is B ? or C 18 H 1S 6 ? soluble in cold water, 
 
 and alcohol. Soluble in 
 
 ether and the volatile oils, less soluble in the fatty 
 oils. Also soluble in dilute alkaline solutions 
 and in dilute acids. 
 
 SOAPS. In ordinary language, the term soap 
 is applied to mixtures of various compounds of 
 the fatty acids with alkaline bases ; but sometimes 
 the term is made to include the compounds of 
 fatty acids with other metallic oxides. Taking it 
 in the most general sense, it may be said that all 
 soaps, excepting those of potash, soda, ammonia, 
 (and lithia?), are insoluble in water, and but 
 difficultly soluble or insoluble in alcohol. The 
 ordinary soaps, however, i. e. those with an alka- 
 line base, arc readily soluble in boiling water and 
 in boiling alcohol. When the moderately concen- 
 trated aqueous solution is treated with a large 
 excess of water the soap is decomposed, an acid 
 salt separates out, while an equivalent quantity 
 of the alkaline base remains in solution. The 
 soaps most commonly employed are mixtures, in 
 variable proportions, of the stearates, margarates, 
 palmitates, and oleates of soda or of potash. 
 Those in which the base is soda are always more 
 consistent and less readily attacked by water than 
 the potash soaps. On the other hand, those soaps 
 in which the oleates predominate are less con- 
 sistent than those containing more of the solid 
 fatty acids. 
 
 The alkaline soaps are insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of sebate of potash or sebate of soda, 
 as they are in solutions of chloride of sodium. 
 (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 48. 105.) 
 
 SOAPS of the protoxide OF IRON are soluble in 
 oil of turpentine, and the other essential oils. 
 
 SODA. Vid. Oxide of Sodium. 
 
 SODIUM. Decomposed by water, alcohol, 
 Na wood-spirit, ether, and in general by all 
 oxygenated substances. Insoluble in naph- 
 tha, &c" 
 
 The compounds of sodium are nearly all readily 
 soluble in water, except the antimoniate, tartrate, 
 fluorhydrate, and picrate, which are somewhat 
 sparingly soluble. 
 
 SODIUMAMID. Decomposed by water, and 
 M ( H, alcohol. 
 N ?Na 
 
 Trt'SoDiUMAMiD. Vid. Nitride of Sodium. 
 N JNa, 
 
 SODIUMETHTL. Not isolated. 
 C 4 H 6 Na 
 
 SODIUMETHYL with ZiNcETHYL. Decom- 
 C 4 H s Na , -2 C 4 H B Zn posed by water. Soluble in 
 zincethyl. 
 
STANNATES. 
 
 559 
 
 SOLANIN. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 c H NO -N J c 42 H 3sO,4 cold water, alcohol, 
 
 ** HSS N Uu ~ I H 3 ether, and the fatty 
 
 and essential oils. 
 
 Soluble in boiling alcohol. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric and nitric acids. 
 
 The salts of solanin are generally readily solu- 
 ble in water, and spirit. 
 
 " SORBIC ACID " (of Donovan). See MALIC 
 ACID. 
 
 SORBIC ACID. Almost insoluble in cold, tol- 
 
 C, 2 H 8 = C 12 H 7 3 , H erably soluble in boiling 
 
 water. Easily soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. The most convenient sol- 
 vent is a mixture of 1 vol. alcohol and 2 vols. 
 water. (Hofmann.) 
 
 SORBATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 SORBATE OF BARYTA. LeSS Soluble in alcO- 
 
 C,, H 7 Ba 4 hoi than in water. 
 SORBATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 SORBATE OF ETHYL. 
 C 12 H 7 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 
 
 SORBATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 SORBATE OF LIME. Resembles the baryta 
 C 12 H 7 Ca O 4 salt. 
 
 SORBATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 SORBATE OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 
 SORBATE OF POTASH. Very "soluble in water. 
 
 SORBATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 C,, H 7 Ag 4 
 
 SORBATE OF SODA. Very soluble in water. 
 
 SORBATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 SORBINIC ACID. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 C 82 H 17 15 = C g2 H 13 O n , 3 H + Aq or feeble acids. 
 
 Very readily 
 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 soda, and ammonia. (Pelouze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 35. 227.) 
 
 SORBINATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. 
 
 SORBINATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 SORBINATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 SORBINATE OF COBALT. Insoluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 SORBINATE OF COPPER. Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 SORBINATE OF GOLD. Ppt. 
 
 SORBINATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 SORBINATE OF LEAD. 
 C S2 H 13 Pb 3 15 
 
 SORBINATE OF LIME. Ppt. 
 
 SORBINATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 SORBINATE OF PLATINUM. Ppt. 
 
 SORBINATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 SORBINATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 SORBINATE of protoxide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 
 SoRBiN(from Sorbus aucuparia). Soluble in 
 (Sorbite.) about 0.5 pt. of wa- 
 
 C 12 H 12 0, 2 = C 12 H 10 R " ? Q ter. Very sparingly 
 H 2 > soluble in boiling and 
 still less soluble in cold alcohol. Unaltered by 
 dilute, but is decomposed by strong, sulphuric acid. 
 (Pelonze, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 225.) The 
 aqueous solution, saturated at 1 5, is of 1 .372 sp. gr. 
 
 SORBIN with OXIDE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 SPANIOLITMIN. Only sparingly soluble in 
 
 c t HIT ie' wa ter. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 Soluble in alkaline solutions. (Kane.) 
 
 SPARTEIN. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 
 j i ^ at a litti 6 wat er is dissolved by it. 
 
 { i is Readily soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Soluble, with combination, in dilute 
 acids. Decomposed by hot chlorhydric and nitric 
 acids. 
 
 The salts of spartein are soluble in water. 
 
 SPERMACETI. Vid. Palmitate of Cetyl. 
 
 SPERMATIN. Easily soluble in water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol or ether. Soluble in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, from which it is precipi- 
 tated on the addition of water. Soluble in warm 
 nitric acid, from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. In concentrated acetic acid it 
 swells up, and when the mixture is treated with 
 water and boiled it dissolves. 
 
 SpiRjEiN(yellow coloring matter of the flowers 
 { \2 H 24 20 (?) of Spiraea ulmaria). Insoluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated unchanged on 
 the addition of water. Soluble in warm concen- 
 trated nitric acid, by which it is altered only after 
 prolonged ebullition. Insoluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies. 
 
 SPIRIN. Vid. BenzoSalicyl. 
 
 SPIRITS OF X. Vid. Salicylite of X. 
 
 SPIROL. Vid. Phenic Acid. 
 
 SPIROUS ACID. Vid. Salicylous Acid. 
 
 SPIROYLIC ACID. Vid. Salicylic Acid. 
 
 SPONGE (organic matter of the). Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, ether, ammonia-water, or dilute 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble in boiling concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, and partially soluble in nitric 
 acid. Also soluble in boiling baryta-water. 
 
 STANN(OS)AMYL. 
 0, H u Sn ^ 
 C 10 H,, Sn \ 
 
 STANN(;C)AMYL. 
 
 (BistamiAmyl.) 
 C, H,, Sn 2 > 
 ^10 H n Sn 2 s 
 
 III.) or methylene stannamyl. 
 
 ( C 10 H ll)2 StL 2 
 
 IV. ) t or methstannamyl. 
 (C, H n ) 3 Sn 2 
 
 The stann- 
 amyls are all 
 insoluble in 
 water; they are 
 the less soluble 
 in alcohol in 
 proportion as 
 they contain 
 more tin ; they 
 are all readily 
 solublein ether. 
 V.) -f or methstannbiamyl. Readily soluble in 
 (C, H,,) 4 Sn 2 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 STANNIC ACID. Vid. 6tnOxide of Tin. 
 SnO, 
 
 All the soluble stannates and metastannates are 
 precipitated from their aqueous solutions on the 
 addition of salts of potash, soda, or ammonia. 
 All the metastannates, excepting those of potash, 
 soda, and ammonia, are insoluble in water. (Fre- 
 my, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. pp. 474, 484.) 
 
 STANNATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in pure 
 N H 4 0, 2 Sn 2 water. Insoluble in dilute ammo- 
 nia-water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 IfetaSTANNATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, from which solution it is precipitated on the 
 addition of alcohol. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 12. 474.) 
 
 STANNATE OF BARYTA. Ppt. 
 Ba 0, Sn 2 + 6 Aq 
 
 J/etaSTANNATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 water. (Fremy, loc. cit., p. 477.) 
 STANNATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 
560 
 
 STANNATES. 
 
 STAGNATE OF COBALT. 
 STANNATE of dinoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 STANNATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Cu 0, Sn 2 -J- 3 Aq 
 
 STANNATE OF GOLD. Insoluble in water. In- 
 (Purple of Cassius.) soluble in dilute chlorhydric 
 Au 0, 3 Sn 2 + 4 Aq acid. (Berzelius.) Slowly 
 acted upon by boiling chlor- 
 hydric acid, with solution of some tin. (Proust; 
 Fuchs.) Boiling nitric acid dissolves out some 
 of the tin (Proust), as does also boiling dilute 
 sulphuric acid. Aqua-regia dissolves out gold, 
 leaving white oxide of tin. Chlorhydric acid 
 dissolves out tin, leaving metallic gold. (Berze- 
 lius's Lehrb.) While still moist, purple of Cassius 
 is generally soluble in ammonia-water, from which 
 solution the purple is gradually redeposited, but 
 some samples prepared from hydrated sesquioxide 
 of tin and a solution of terchloride of gold or by dis- 
 solving an alloy of gold, silver, and tin in nitric 
 acid, are insoluble in ammonia-water, even while 
 they are yet moist; after drying, the purple is 
 always insoluble in ammonia. 
 
 As ordinarily precipitated, purple of Cassius 
 contains an excess of uncombined binoxide of tin, 
 but this may be dissolved out by boiling the pre- 
 cipitate in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 The precipitate which has been thus treated dis- 
 solves in part in cold water, or rather a quasi- 
 solution is produced, forming a strongly colored 
 liquid, from which it may be completely repre- 
 cipitated by the addition of a little chloride of 
 ammonium. (L. Figuier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 11. 353.) 
 
 STANNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 Pb 0, Sn Oj Appears to be somewhat soluble. 
 (Moberg.) 
 
 STANNATE OF LIME. Ppt. Difficultly solu- 
 Ca 0, Sn 0. + 4 Aq ble in water. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 STANNATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 
 STANNATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. Oxidizes 
 Mn 0, Sn 2 when exposed to the air. 
 
 STANNATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 
 Hg 2 0, Sn 2 -J- 5 Aq 
 
 STANNATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Hg 0, Sn 2 + 6 Aq 
 
 STANNATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) proto. Easily soluble in water. (Moberg.) 
 KO, SnOj Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of potassium. (Fremy, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 469.) Slightly hygro- 
 scopic. Very soluble in water, but water ap- 
 pears to decompose it after a time, a gelatinous 
 metastannate being formed. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. It is precipitated from its aqueous solu- 
 tion on the addition of almost any soluble salt, 
 notably by the salts of ammonia, of potash, and 
 of soda. (Fremy, Ann. CK. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 484.) On fusing calcined oxide of tin with hy- 
 drate of potash, and treating the mass with water, 
 crystals of stannate (a) of potash may be obtained. 
 These are completely soluble in water. Also 
 easily and completely soluble in alcohol. The 
 aqueous solution is not rendered cloudy on the 
 addition of a solution of potash. Nor is it pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of solutions of the chlo- 
 rides of sodium, or potassium, or of sulphate of 
 potash. A solution of chloride of ammonium 
 occasions no precipitate at first, but forms an 
 
 abundant precipitate after a time. In presence of 
 dilute sulphuric acid, chlorhydric, or nitric acid, 
 the solution remains clear. (H. Rose, Tr., 1. 251.) 
 When prepared by dissolving hydrale of tin in a 
 solution of caustic potash it is difficultly soluble in 
 a concentrated aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 (H. Rose, Tr., 1. 245.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water, forming a milky 
 liquor. Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 OF POTASH. Generally it is 
 K 0, Sn 2 -f 4 Aq soluble in water, 
 
 (K 0, Sn s 10 , according to Fremy.) but is liable to 
 
 become insoluble 
 
 in water when merely dried at the ordinary tem- 
 perature. Alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous 
 solution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 474.) Soluble in water. Completely insoluble 
 in a large excess of an aqueous solution of caustic 
 alkali. Insoluble in alcohol. (Fremy, loc. cit., 
 (3.) 23. 394.) On adding a solution of chloride 
 of sodium to the aqueous solution an abundant 
 precipitate is produced, and no tin remains in so- 
 lution ; solutions, of the chlorides of potassium 
 and ammonium and of sulphate of potash behave 
 in the same way, but on washing these precipitates 
 with water they dissolve. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 STANNATE OF SILVER. Unacted upon by am- 
 monia-water, or boiling chlorhydric acid. (Fis- 
 cher.) 
 
 .MetaSTANNATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 water. (Fremy.) 
 
 STANNATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. (Mo- 
 NaO,Sn0 2 berg.) Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of chloride of sodium. (Fremy, 
 Ann. Oh. et Phys., (3.) 12. 469.) Much more 
 soluble in cold than in hot water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. It is precipitated from the aqueous solu- 
 tion on the addition of salts of potash, of soda, or 
 of ammonia. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 12. pp. 486, 484.) When a certain amount of 
 alcohol is added to an aqueous solution of stannate 
 of soda, a concentrated aqueous solution of the 
 latter is thrown down ; but when a larger quantity 
 of alcohol is employed crystals separate. (Ord- 
 way, Ann. J. Sci., (2.) 33." 35.) 
 
 MrfaSTANNATE OF SODA. While still moist 
 
 Na 0, Sn 2 + 4 Aq it is soluble in water ; but 
 
 (Na 0, Sn s 10 of Fremy.) by drying it is decomposed 
 
 and becomes insoluble. 
 
 Alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 477.) Very 
 difficultly soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 Completely insoluble in a large excess of an 
 aqueous solution of caustic alkali. (Fremy, loc. cit., 
 (3.) 23. pp. 394, 399.) 
 
 .MetaSTANNATE OF STRONTiA. Insoluble in 
 water. (Fremy.) 
 
 3/ctaSTANNATE OF TIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Yellow oxide of Tin.) Soluble, with decomposition, 
 
 Sn 0, Sn 2 + 3 Aq in acids and in alkaline solu- 
 
 tions. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 12. 479.) 
 
 STANNATE OF ZINC. 
 Zn 0, Sn 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 STANN(OMS)ETHYL. Insoluble in water. Sparing- 
 (MethyleneStannEthyl. \y soluble in absolute alco- 
 EifinleneStannEthyl.~) ho j Readily soluble in ether. 
 *H 5 ln} (Lo2wig;Frankland.) Very 
 
 easily soluble in alcohol. 
 (Cahours.) 
 
STARCH. 
 
 561 
 
 STANN(I'C)A'ETHYL. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 (Stannic Etfiide.) Sparingly solublein alcohol. Read- 
 So (C 4 H B )j jly soluble in ether. Unacted upon 
 by concentrated acids at the ordi- 
 nary temperature, but when heated therewith it is 
 decomposed. (Buckton.) 
 
 BSTANN(tc)<nETHYL. Insoluble, or but spar- 
 (MetkyioStannEthyl. ingly soluble, in alcohol. 
 SesquiStannEtkyl.) (Cahours.) Lcewig enumer- 
 Sn 2 (C 4 H 3 ) s ate( j seven different Stann- 
 
 Ethyls, viz.: 
 
 a = Ordinary StannEthyl == Sn C 4 H 6 (vid. sup.) 
 b = Methylene, or f do. = Siu (C 4 H B ) 2 
 c = Ethelene or 
 
 Elayl, or $ do. = Sn 4 (C 4 H 5 ) 4 
 d = Aceto, or | do. = Sn 4 (C 4 H 5 ) 3 
 e = Methylo, or do. = Sm (C 4 Hs)s 
 / = Ethylo, or | do. = Sn 4 (C 4 H 5 ) s 
 g = f do. = Sn 6 (C Hj) 4 
 
 All of which are insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 Some of the oxides of the compounds are insoluble 
 in water, alcohol, or ether, while others, sparingly 
 soluble in water, are readily soluble in alcohol and 
 ether. 
 
 Strecker, on the other hand, refers all of these 
 compounds to three separate radicals, viz. : 
 
 StannEthyl = Sn C 4 H B or j 9* |j | as given 
 
 above. 
 
 Bi Stann Ethyl = Sn 2 (C 4 H s ) 
 
 Bi Stannic tri Ethyl, or ) _ Q /p TT , 
 
 Methylo Stann Ethyl J ~ 
 given above. 
 
 According to Strecker's view the bodies a, b, and 
 c in the above list are identical, f is a mixture 
 of a and e. While d is & mixture of a, with bi- 
 stannethyl. (See Gmelin's Handbook, 13. 505.) 
 
 /Sssf/ia'STANNETHYi,. Vid. BiSt&Qn(ic)tri- 
 Ethyl. 
 
 STANNETHYLIUM. Vid. StannEthyl. 
 
 STANN(ZC)ETHYLMETHYL. 
 
 ( StannicEthyloMethide.) 
 
 Q \ Oo H a 
 
 Sn } r 2 T r 
 
 ( ^4 tl B 
 
 STANNICETHIDE. Vid. Stann (zc)6*Ethyl. 
 STANNICETHYLMETHIDB. Vid. Stann(zc)- 
 EthylMethyl. 
 
 STANNIDE OF METHYL. Vid. StannMethyl. 
 STANNITE OF POTASH. 
 STANNITE OF SODA. 
 
 STANNMETHYL, 
 C 2 H 3 Sn > 
 
 STAPHISAIN (from Delphinium Staphisagria). 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble, in 
 ether. Soluble in acids. 
 
 STARCH. When in its natural state of aggre- 
 
 (Amylum.) gation it is insoluble 
 
 C H H 10 10 = c " H %" \ 4 ^ cold water alcohol, 
 
 2 ' or ether. In hot water 
 
 it swells up to a paste, 
 
 and when boiled with much water appears to dis- 
 solve ; but if the liquor thus obtained be exposed 
 to temperatures below 0, the water in congealing 
 will deposit the starch, which regains a certain 
 aggregation, and cannot be dissolved in water at 
 the ordinary temperature ; by long-continued boil- 
 ing with water starch is converted into dextrin. 
 When treated with dilute acids, it forms a paste in 
 the cold, and when boiled with them is converted 
 
 71 
 
 into dextrin and sugar. Strong acids disaggre- 
 gate and decompose it much more rapidly, with 
 the single exception of acetic acid, which, when 
 concentrated, has no action upon it, and but little 
 when it is diluted. 
 
 When covered with concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid, and allowed to stand during several days, it 
 dissolves. (Leuchs, J. pr. Ch., 1841, 22. 511.) 
 Starch is dissolved, with decomposition, by sulphu- 
 ric, nitric, chlorhydric. and oxalic acids, and prob- 
 ably by other acids (excepting acetic acid) in the 
 cold, if the acid be concentrated, and gradually by 
 the aid of heat and pressure when the acid is very 
 dilute. (Biot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 101.) It 
 is even gradually disaggregated and rendered 
 soluble by the action of water containing only 
 Tinnr f oxalic acid, if it be strongly heated there- 
 with in a closed vessel. (Jacquelain, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 11. 102.) 
 
 By the action of water at 150 starch is con- 
 verted into dextrin and sugar. The same change 
 is brought about, after a time, by dilute acids at 
 the temperature of boiling. Concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid changes it to dextrin. When starch 
 paste is treated with dilute sulphuric acid, glacial 
 acetic acid, or better with ordinary acetic acid, it 
 liquefies and passes into another molecular con- 
 dition, viz. into Soluble Starch. ( Vid. infra.) 
 When treated with an aqueous solution of caustic 
 alkali starch swells up enormously, and if this 
 paste be heated, gently at first, it soon liquefies; 
 from the solution thus obtained a mixture of 
 acetic acid and alcohol precipitates a starch which, 
 before drying, forms a translucid emulsion when 
 treated with cold water ; from this emulsion the 
 starch subsequently separates, with the exception 
 of a small quantity which remains in solution. 
 Boiling water dissolves this precipitate no more 
 than cold water, and the starch which has thus 
 been disorganized by alkalies is no longer sus- 
 ceptible of forming a paste. The amount of this 
 disorganized starch which is dissolved by water, 
 either hot or cold, is always greater when one 
 treats recently precipitated starch, than when one 
 operates on that which has been already dried. Af- 
 ter the starch has been boiled for a long time with 
 a solufton of caustic potash, a somewhat larger 
 amount of it becomes soluble in water. These 
 solutions, apparent or real, are, however, not 
 permanent, and the starch which they contain 
 may all be precipitated by alcohol. After long 
 contact with alcohol, and subsequent drying, the 
 starch is no longer soluble in water. When ordi- 
 nary starch is treated with a solution of chloride 
 of zinc, it swells up to a paste like that formed by 
 warm water. This paste does not liquefy in the 
 cold, but when heated to 100 it soon liquefies, and 
 finally becomes quite fluid. From this solution 
 alcohol precipitates a starch which behaves like 
 that obtained from alkaline solutions. But if 
 the paste produced by the action of chloride of 
 zinc be heated over a free fire, and the solution 
 which forms be precipitated as before by means of 
 alcohol, a much more soluble variety of starch is 
 obtained. To sum up the case : Starch is mod- 
 ified insensibly without changing its nature, and 
 passes from the insoluble state to another modifi- 
 cation in which it is capable of dissolving in 
 water. There are several varieties of " disorgan- 
 ized " starch, some of which are insoluble in water, 
 either hot or cold. Others are soluble in water 
 at the temperature of 80, but the solution becomes 
 cloudy on cooling. Others are soluble in cold 
 and in hot water, forming solutions which remain 
 clear on cooling. The latter Bechamp calls 
 
562 
 
 STEARATES. 
 
 "soluble starch," and considers identical with the 
 " amidin " of De Saussurc and Geurin-Varry, 
 and the " dextrin " of Biot. 
 
 When ordinary starch is treated with warm 
 dilute sulphuric acid, the paste which is at first 
 formed soon liquefies if heated to 90, but solidi- 
 fies again to a jelly on cooling. When treated 
 with alcohol and dried it leaves a starch insoluble 
 in water, and not susceptible of forming a paste 
 with water. Nor can the jelly be again entirely 
 liquefied when it is reheated ; the portion of starch 
 which remains in this case is entirely insoluble. 
 When ordinary starch is treated with common 
 nitric acid, a paste is obtained which is readily 
 soluble in strong nitric acid, and the liquid thus 
 obtained is readily soluble in water. Alcohol, 
 however, precipitates from it all the starch which 
 was originally employed. This precipitate, when 
 recent, appears to dissolve in water, but most of 
 it soon separates out again, and it is then no 
 longer soluble either in cold or boiling water. 
 The actiop of ordinary nitric acid is consequently 
 similar to that of caustic potash, but is somewhat 
 more rapid. By allowing the nitric acid to act 
 for a longer time on the starch before precipitat- 
 ing with alcohol, a starch is obtained which is 
 completely soluble in cold water, even after it has 
 been dried at 100. Concentrated sulphuric acid 
 produces the same changes as nitric acid, only 
 more rapidly. " Soluble starch " is precipitated 
 from its solution in water or acid, by acetic acid, 
 as it is by alcohol. When ordinary starch is 
 treated with monohydrated acetic acid it is not 
 disaggregated, but is rendered apt to dissolve in 
 warm water, or even in cold water. Warm dilute 
 acetic acid, by prolonged action, converts ordi- 
 nary starch into soluble starch. (Bechamp, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 48. 458.) 
 
 " Soluble Starch." Under this heading Be- 
 champ (loc. cit.) distinguished several different 
 products, as has been already indicated, of varia- 
 ble solubility. In its most characteristic form 
 soluble starch dissolves in cold water when re- 
 cently precipitated, and in warm water after it 
 has been dried. These solutions may be frozen 
 without causing anything to separate, aq$ with- 
 out altering in any way the properties of the sol- 
 uble starch dissolved in them. They may also 
 be evaporated to the consistence of a thick syrup 
 without separating anything. Soluble starch is 
 insoluble in alcohol, even dilute. 
 
 STEARIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 
 (Sttarophanic, Acid. Anamirtie soluble in alcohol, 
 
 An<i. Bassic Acid.) even in dilute ; and 
 
 Cse HSB 4 C S8 H^ O g , H O still more soluble in 
 
 ether. More soluble 
 
 in hot than in cold alcohol. Less soluble in alco- 
 hol than palmitic acid. Separates from the hot 
 alcoholic solution somewhat sooner than margaric 
 acid. 
 
 Soluble in 40 parts of cold alcohol of 0.794 sp. 
 gr., and in all proportions in the same alcohol 
 when boiling. (Chevreul.) Ether dissolves 0.12 
 pt. of it. Soluble in 20 pts. of oil of turpentine. 
 (Braconnot. ) Soluble in wood-spirit, oil of tur- 
 pentine, and coal-tar naphtha. (Hard wick.) Sol- 
 uble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 1 pt. of benzin dissolves 0.22 pt. of it at 23. 
 (Vogel & Scheller, Dingier 1 s Polyteck. Journ.. 
 164. 221.) 
 
 1 pt. of bisulphide of carbon dissolves 0.3 pt. 
 of it at 23. (Voael & Scheller, Dingier' s Poly- 
 tech. Journ., 164. 221.) 
 
 Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of the caus- 
 
 tic alkalies. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid when this is gently warmed, from which 
 solution it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. 
 
 The normal alkaline salts of stearic acid are 
 soluble in small quantities (10 (a) 20 pts.) of pure 
 water, but are easily decomposed by large quan- 
 tities of water. Only extremely small quantities 
 of the alkaline stearates are dissolved by water 
 which contains salts in solution, their aqueous 
 solutions are therefore precipitated by saline solu- 
 tions ; for example, by a solution of chloride of 
 sodium. All the other stearates are insoluble in 
 water. The alkaline stearates are soluble in 
 alcohol, especially if this is hot, though somewhat 
 less so than the corresponding margara'tes. All 
 the stearates are insoluble in ether, and, except- 
 ing those of the alkalies, in absolute alcohol also. 
 
 STEARATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in dilute ammonia-water, 
 especially when this is warm. 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in boiling water. 
 
 STEARATE or AMTL. Very soluble in hot 
 c so H 35 (Cjo H n ) 4 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 STEARATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water, 
 C 8S H 86 Ba0 4 alcohol, or ether. (Hardwick, J. 
 Ch. Soc., 2. 236.) 
 
 STEARATE OF BORNEOL. Soluble in alcohol, 
 (Stearate of Camphol.) and ether. 
 
 Cse H 52 4 = C 80 Hjg (C 20 H 17 ) O 4 
 
 STEARATE OF CETYL. Slightly soluble in 
 CseHjB (Cg-jH^O, boiling alcohol. Easily solu- 
 ble in boiling, but only spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold ether. 
 
 STEARATE OF CHOLESTERIN. Very sparingly 
 C 88 H 78 4 = Cs,, Hjs (C 62 H 43 ) 4 soluble in boiling 
 alcohol, or in cold 
 ether. Difficultly soluble in boiling ether. 
 
 STEARATE OF COPPER. 
 Cse HSS Cu 4 
 
 STEARATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water, 
 
 CSB HSS (C 4 H 5 ) 4 not being decomposed even by 
 
 boiling water. Soluble in hot, 
 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. Very soluble in 
 
 ether. 
 
 STEARATE OF ETHYLENE. Soluble in ether. 
 C 72 H 70 (C 4 H 4 ) 8 (Wurtz.) 
 
 STEARATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Stearin. 
 
 STEARATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in boiling 
 
 C S6 HSS Pb 4 alcohol or ether. Soluble in all 
 
 proportions in hot oil of turpentine. 
 
 Stearate of lead [normal ?] is insoluble in wa- 
 ter, alcohol, or ether. (Hardwick, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 
 236.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble, with partial decomposition, 
 
 03,, H 55 Pb 4 , C x n sc 4 (?) in more than 60 pts. of 
 
 boiling alcohol of 0.823 
 
 sp. gr. Completely soluble in warm oil of tur- 
 pentine. 
 
 III.) basic. 
 C K H M Pb 4 , 3 Pb 
 
 STEA.RATE OF LIME. 
 C 3B H 35 Ca 4 
 
 STEARATE OF MAGNESIA. Tolerably soluble 
 C 36 H 35 Mg0 4 in boiling, almost insoluble in cold 
 alcohol. Insoluble, or nearly so, 
 in water. 
 
 STEARATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 uble in water or in cold alcohol. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol. Readily soluble in ether. 
 
STEARIN. 
 
 563 
 
 STEARATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 STEARATE OF METHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C S 6H3 5 (C 2 H 3 )0 4 
 
 STEAKATE OF NICOTIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. Readily soluble in warm ether. 
 
 STEARATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Decomposed by water, forming a 
 CsgHjtfKOa thick gelatinous paste (Chevreul) ; 
 and with production of the bisalt, if 
 enough water be employed. (Idem., C. R., 1859, 
 48. 714.) Sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 With 10 pts. of cold water it forms an opaque 
 jelly, which becomes fluid at 99. With 25 pts. of 
 hot water it is completely dissolved ; and it dis- 
 solves in still less water when this contains free 
 alkali. All the stearate of potash is separated 
 from this solution on the addition of chloride of 
 potassium. (If chloride of sodium were added 
 stearate of soda would separate out.) When 1 pt. 
 of the normal salt is mixed with 1000 pts. of 
 water an acid salt (No. 2) separates out. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) Permanent. Forms a gelati- 
 nous mass with water. Keadily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and in ether which contains alcohol, though 
 less so in cold than in hot. Almost entirely in- 
 soluble in pure ether. (Hard wick, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2. 235.) Soluble in 6| pts. of boiling absolute 
 alcohol. Soluble in 10 pts. of alcohol, of 0.821 
 sp. gr., at 66. When the temperature of this 
 solution is reduced to 55 it becomes turbid, and 
 at 38 it solidifies. 100 pts. of boiling alcohol, of 
 0.794 sp. gr., dissolve 15 pts. of it, and 100 pts. 
 of alcohol, of 0.821 sp. gr., dissolve 0.432 pt. of 
 it at 10. Very sparingly soluble in ether, even 
 when this is boiling, with partial decomposition. 
 [T.] Very sparingly soluble even in boiling 
 ether. 100 pts. of boiling ether dissolve 0.16 pt. 
 of it. 
 
 II.) bi. Unacted upon by cold water, but is 
 CM H35 K 4 , CM H M 4 decomposed by boiling with 
 much water. 
 
 Cold water exerts scarcely any action upon it. 
 When 1 pt. of it is treated with 1000 pts. of boil- 
 ing water a milky, cloudy emulsion is formed, 
 which becomes fluid and transparent at 75, and 
 deposits flocks of No. 3 at 67, the salt itself 
 finally crystallizes out at from 59 26. Very 
 sparingly soluble in cold, easily soluble in hot 
 alcohol. The alcoholic solution has a neutral 
 reaction, but when a solution which has been pre- 
 pared in the cold is treated with a small quantity 
 of water it acquires an acid reaction, and if a little 
 water is added to a hot solution this acquires an 
 alkaline reaction. Boiling ether removes the ex- 
 cess of acid, and leaves the normal salt. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) 100 pts. of boiling absolute 
 alcohol dissolve 27 pts. of it, but at 24 they re- 
 tain only 0.36 pt. of it : moreover, partial decom- 
 position occurs, on account of the tendency of 
 the alcohol to dissolve stearic acid in preference to 
 the salt. The portion which remains in solution 
 is consequently richer in stearic acid than that 
 which separated out as the solution cooled. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, without alteration. Ether 
 dissolves out the second equivalent of acid, thus 
 reducing it to the normal salt. (Chevreul, C. R., 
 1859, 48. 714.) 
 
 III.) quadri? Swells up in cold water. De- 
 composed by boiling alcohol. 
 
 STEARATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 c se H as Ag 4 Easily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 (Francis.) 
 
 STEARATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Not sensibly changed when mixed 
 C 36 H35Na0 4 with 10 times its weight of water. 
 (Chevreul.) Scarcely at all solu- 
 ble in cold, difficultly soluble in warm water. 
 Easily soluble in warm alcohol, the solution ge- 
 latinizing on cooling. (Hardwick, J. Ch. Soc., 
 2. 235.) Sparingly soluble in cold water. More 
 readily decomposed by hot water than the potash 
 salt. With 10 pts. of boiling water it affords a 
 thick, almost opaque, solution, viscous at 90, and 
 which when cooled to 62 becomes solid. With 
 50 pts. of hot water it gives a solution which may 
 be filtered even at temperatures somewhat lower 
 than 100; when this solution is treated with 
 2000 pts. of water the acid salt is precipitated. 
 With 20 pts. of hot alcohol it forms a perfect 
 solution, from which it crystallizes on cooling. 
 Unacted upon by boiling ether. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) Soluble in 20 pts. of boiling alcohol, 
 of 0.821 sp. gr., and in 500 pts. of the same alco- 
 hol at 10. Very slightly soluble in ether. 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in cold, soluble in hot water. 
 c so H 3s Na i 5 c s H 36 * Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 easily soluble in hot al- 
 cohol. 
 
 Insoluble in ether. (W. Marcet.) 
 
 STEARATE OF STHONTIA. 
 H 3B Sr 4 
 
 STEARATE OF TREHALOSE. 
 
 C 72 H 70 (C 12 H 8 6 ")0 8 
 
 STEARENE. Vid. Stearone. 
 
 STEARERIN. Soluble in 1000 pts. of alcohol, 
 of 0.805 sp. gr., at 15. Very slowly attacked by 
 potash lye. (Chevreul.) 
 
 STEARIN. Insoluble in glycerin. Very spar- 
 
 (Bibasic Stearate of Glyceryl.) ingly soluble 
 
 f H 42 8 = C 6 H 5 3 , 2 H 0, CM H^ 8 i n cold, more 
 
 readily solu- 
 ble in boiling ether. (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 41. 221.) 
 
 BJ'STBARIN. Soluble in boiling, but very 
 
 (Monobasic Stearate of Glyceryl.) Sparingly 
 
 C w H w O ls =C 4 ^0HO,aC l(> H M O r i-8Aq soluble in 
 
 cold ether. 
 
 TWSxEARiN (probably identical with Natural 
 (Normal Stearate of Glyceryl.) Stearin). Sol- 
 
 Cm H 110 12 = C a H 6 O S) 3 C 36 HSJ, O s u ble in boiling, 
 
 but very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold ether. (Berthelot, loc. cit.) 
 
 Natural stearin is insoluble in water. Soluble 
 in 6 @ 7 pts. of boiling, much less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. It is very much more soluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol than in spirit, the power of alcohol to 
 dissolve the fats diminishing in an extremely 
 rapid progression in proportion as it is diluted, or 
 as its sp. gr. is increased from 0.795 to 0.821. 
 Thus : 100 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.7908 sp. gr. dissolve'd 100 pts. (and more) of 
 
 mutton stearin. 
 
 0.7952 sp. gr. dissolved 16.07 pts. of mutton stearin. 
 0.805 " " 6.63 
 
 0.821 " " 2.00 
 
 (Chevreul, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1816, (2.) 2. 361, 
 note.) 
 
 100 pts. of boiling alcohol of 
 0.7952 sp. gr. dissolve 21.50 pts. of stearin from 
 
 [man. 
 " " 15.04 16.07 " "the sheep. 
 
 " 15.48 " " ox. 
 
 " " 17.65 @ 18.25 " " hog. 
 " ' 36.00 " " goose. 
 
 (Chevrenl, Ann. Cli. et Phys., 1816, (2.) 2. 364.) 
 
564 
 
 STYRACYL. 
 
 Readily soluble in boiling, very much less soluble 
 in cold ether. Soluble in 225 pts. of ether at 15. 
 
 Soluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 STEARoCiiLORHYDRiN. Insoluble in water. 
 C 42 H 41 Cl O a Soluble in ether. (Berthelot, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.)- 41. 304.) 
 
 STEARONE. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 (Margarone. Stearene.) boiling alcohol. Very read- 
 On, H 70 2 ily soluble in ether. (Row- 
 
 ney, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 98.) 
 
 STEAROPHANIC ACID. Vid. Stearic Acid. 
 
 STEAROPHANIN. Vid. Anamirtin. 
 
 STIBC&AMYL. Insoluble in water. Miscible 
 
 rr H , <IK (CjoH^Sb; in all proportions 
 (C 10 H u ; t Sb, or ? H gb with alcohol) and 
 
 ether. (Berle.) 
 
 SiiBin'AMYL. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 
 >, *> ,r H soluble in absolute alcohol. Very 
 
 Bj<c 10 H n ; 3 easi iy so i u ble in ether. (Berle'.) 
 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. (Cra- 
 
 mer.) 
 
 STiBfn'EiHYL. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 ex 5 /-n TI * soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Lce- 
 Sb I (C * * s > a wig & Schweizer.) 
 
 " STIBETHYLIC *AciD." Vid. Antimonite of 
 StibEthyl. 
 
 STIBETHYLIUM. Not isolated. 
 Sb (C 4 H 5 ) 4 
 
 N, c.- H,, 4 
 
 Insoluble in water. Spar- 
 ( ingly soluble in alcohol. Very 
 
 s>b i (U 2 a. s ) 3 eagily solub i e in etner . (Landolt.) 
 
 The compounds of stibtrimethyl 
 are in general very soluble in water, less soluble 
 in alcohol, and almost insoluble in ether. 
 
 STIBMETHYLIUM. Not isolated. 
 Sb j (C 2 H 3 ) 4 
 
 STICTIC Acii>(from Sticta pulmonacea). Much 
 more difficultly soluble in absolute alcohol than 
 cetraric acid. 
 
 STICTATE OF POTASH. Much less soluble 
 than cetrarate of potash. (Knop & Schneder- 
 mann.) 
 
 STILBENE. Insoluble in water. Very spar- 
 
 (Picramyl. Hydride of Stilbyl.) ingly soluble in cold, 
 
 C 28 H 12 " t more soluble in boil- 
 
 ing alcohol. More 
 
 soluble in ether than in alcohol. Soluble, with 
 combination, in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 STILBESIG ACID. Insoluble in water. Very 
 (Suroxyde de stilb&se.) sparingly soluble in alcohol, 
 C 28 H io 0? () and ether. Soluble in aque- 
 
 ous and alcoholic solutions 
 of caustic potash, and ammonia ; from which it 
 is precipitated on the addition of acids. 
 
 STILBESATE OP. SILVER. Ppt., from alcohol. 
 C 28 H 8 Ag 2 7 (>) 
 
 STILBIC ACID. Vid. Benzilic Acid. 
 
 STILBOUS ACID. Insoluble in cold, abundant- 
 (Benzoate of Hydride of Benzoyl. ty soluble in boil- 
 Benioate of Benzoyl. Suroxyde de ing alcohol. Read- 
 Stilbene. Stilbiniges<zure.) jly soluble in ether. 
 
 Insoluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 STILBITE OF POTASH. Easily soluble in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in all proportions in alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 STILBYLANILIN. ) Vid, PhenylBen- 
 
 STILBYLPHENYLAMIN. ) zolamin. 
 
 STRAMONiN(from Datura Strammonium) . In- 
 soluble in water. Difficultly soluble in spirit. 
 More soluble in ether and the fixed and ethereal 
 oils. Also in creosote and in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. 
 
 STRONTIA. Vid. Oxide of Strontium. 
 
 STRONTIUM. Many of the compounds of 
 Sr strontium are insoluble in water, but all of 
 them, excepting sulphate of strontia, are sol- 
 uble, with partial decomposition, in dilute nitric 
 and chlorhydric acids. 
 
 STRYCHNIC ACID. Readily soluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Rousseau.) 
 
 STRYCHNATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water. 
 Sparingly soluble, or insoluble, in weak alcohol. 
 
 STRYCHNINE. Permanent. Almost insoluble 
 in water, since it requires 6667 
 pts. of water at 10, and 2500 
 pts. of boiling water, to dissolve 
 it. 
 
 Less soluble in water than either igasurin or 
 brucin. 
 
 At ordinary temperatures it dissolves in water 
 saturated with carbonic acid, but at it is de- 
 posited again as such. (Langlois, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3. )48.503.) Soluble in 7196.4 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Estevr. Zeitschrift 
 jwr Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatfs Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) Soluble in 1200 pts. of alcohol, of 
 80%, at the ordinary temperature, and in 10 pts. 
 of boiling alcohol of 80%. Insoluble in ether or 
 in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. Ea- 
 sily soluble in acids, with combination. It is not 
 decomposed by cold dilute nitric acid, but when 
 this solution is heated decomposition ensues. 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) Strychnine is very spar-, 
 ingly soluble in the cold in neutral 'solvents. It 
 dissolves in about 100 pts. of dilute alcohol. 
 (Bouchardat, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 228.) 
 Readily soluble in common 70%" spirit, but almost 
 insoluble in absolute alcohol. Easily soluble in 
 the essential oils. Insoluble in pure ether. Not 
 sensibly soluble in the fatty oils. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in benzin. (Mansfield, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 262.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 
 14.1 pts. of it. (Schlimpert, Kopp $ Wilt's J. B., 
 fur 1859, p. 405.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 
 20.16 pts. of it. (Michael Pettenkofer, Kopp 8f 
 Will's J. B.,fiir 1858, p. 363.) 100 pts. of olive- 
 oil dissolve 1 pt. of it. (Pettenkofer, Ibid.) 
 
 Strychnine is insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the fixed caustic or carbonated alkalies, but is 
 soluble in ammonia-water. Easily soluble in 
 acids, even weak and dilute, with combination. 
 Most of its salts are easily soluble in water. 
 
 STRYCHNOCHROME. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter. Soluble in alcohol. Sparingly soluble in 
 ether and in ethereal oils. (Pelletier & Caventou.) 
 
 STYPHNIC ACID. Vid. OxyPicric Acid. 
 STYRACIN. Vid. Cinnamate of Styracyl. 
 
 STYRACOL. ) T ,., Oi 
 
 > Vid. Styrone. 
 STYRACONE. ) 
 
 STYRACYL. Not isolated. 
 
 (Styryl.-) 
 C, 8 H 9 
 
 STYROL. Very slightly soluble in water, the 
 (Isomeric, or identical, undissolved portion of the 
 with Cinnamene.) styrol taking up at the same 
 
 time a very small quantity 
 of water. Miscible in all 
 proportions with absolute alcohol, it dissolves with 
 more and more difficulty in spirit according to the 
 
SUBERATES. 
 
 565 
 
 amount of water which this contains. Miscible 
 in all proportions with ether. Soluble in wood- 
 spirit, acetone, bisulphide of carbon, and in fatty 
 and volatile oils. (Blyth & Hofmann.) 
 
 STYRONE. Tolerably readily soluble in water. 
 
 (Styracone. Styracol. Styrax Soluble in 90 100 
 
 Alcohol. Peravin. Zimmt pts. of cold, and in 
 
 Alcohol Hydrate of Styracyl.) 3Q ^ of boiling wa . 
 
 Cm H,n O == '-'IR Ho U* H U i . n. v TT 
 
 ter. (Simon.) Very 
 soluble in alcohol, 
 
 ether, styrol, naphtha, benzin, and the fatty and 
 essential oils. Insoluble in hot nitric acid, by 
 which it is only very slowly attacked. (Toel; 
 Scharling.) 
 
 "STYRYL"(of Kolbe). Vid. Styracyl. 
 Cis H 9 
 
 SUB-CARBONATE (&c.) OF X. See under Car- 
 bonate (&c.) of X. 
 
 SUBEKAMID. Soluble in boiling, much less 
 
 (Suberylbiamid.') Soluble in cold al- 
 
 C 16 H 16 N 2 4 =N 2 j^ H "" cohoL (Laurent.) 
 SUBERAMIC ACID. Soluble in boiling, less 
 
 (Suberylamic Acid.) soluble in Cold 
 
 U 16 H 15 N 6 = N I H t " . O, H water - 
 
 I n 2 
 
 SUBERAMATE OP BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 
 SCBERAMATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 SUBERANIL? Vid. PhenylSuberimid. 
 SUBERANILID. Vid. PhenylSuberamid. 
 SUBERANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylSuberamic 
 Acid. 
 
 SUBERIC ACID. Permanent. Sparingly sol- 
 (Korlcsaturf. (of the Germans), uble in cold, much 
 CM H u O g = y, 6 H 12 8 , 2 H O more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 Soluble in 120 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts. of 
 boiling water (Bouillon) ; in 50 pts. of cold w.a- 
 ter (Fourcroy) ; in 80 pts. of water at 13, and in 
 38 pts. at 60. (Chevreul, Ann. de Chim., 1807, 
 62. 328.) 
 
 Soluble in 100.1 pts. of water at 9. 
 " 86.2095 " 12. 
 
 5.0 " 84. 
 
 1.87 " boiling. 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 9 dissolve 9.991 pts. of it. 
 " 12 " 1.054 1.15 " 
 " 84 " 20.00 " 
 
 " 100 " 54.00 " 
 
 The boiling aqueous solution solidifies on cooling. 
 (R. Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fiir Ch. u. Phys., 
 1821, 32. pp. 404-407.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 18 dissolve 1.014 pts. of 
 it ; or 1 pt. is soluble in 98.6 pts. of water at 1 8. 
 Much more soluble in hot water. On cooling the 
 hot solution much suberic acid separates, yet at 
 18 100 pts. of water still contained 2.32 pts. of it. 
 (Wirz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 104. 271.) 100 pts. 
 of water, at 1 5.56 dissolve 0.69 pt. of it, and at 
 100 50 pts. (Ure's Diet.) It is much more sol- 
 uble in water, but less soluble in ether than the 
 acids above it in the series On Hn- 2 O 8 . (Wirz, 
 loc. cit., p. 269.) Soluble in alcohol, especially if 
 this is warm, in ether, and in the fatty and volatile 
 oils. 
 
 Soluble in 4.56 pts. of absolute alcohol at 10, 
 and in 0.87 pt. at boiling; or, 100 pts. of abso- 
 lute alcohol dissolve 21.9 pts. of it at 10; and 
 114 pts. at boiling. (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ., 
 32. pp. 407, 408.) Easily soluble in alcohol; 
 from a saturated alcoholic solution it is partially 
 
 precipitated on the addition of water. Soluble, 
 without alteration, in boiling nitric acid, from 
 which it is deposited again on cooling, and more 
 readilv on the addition of water. (Chevreul, 
 Ann. "de Chim., 1807, 62. 332.) 
 Soluble in 10.11 pts. of ether at 4. 
 " 7.80 " " 10. 
 
 7.75 " " 20. 
 
 6.00 " " 35 (boil.pt.) 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of ether 
 
 at 4 dissolve 9.8 pts. of it. 
 " 10 " 12.82 " 
 
 " 20 " 12.90 " 
 
 " 35 (boil, pt.) 16.60 " 
 (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ., 32. pp. 409, 410.) 
 Soluble in 19 pts. of oil of turpentine at 5. 
 16 " 12. 
 
 " 11.5 " 44. 
 
 2.12 " 120. 
 
 1 (boiling) 174.44. 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of oil of turpentine 
 
 at 5 dissolve 5.2 pts. of it. 
 " 12 " 6.1 
 
 " 44 8.7 " 
 
 " 120 47 ' 
 
 " 174.44 (boiling) 100 " 
 
 Both the boiling solution and that saturated at 
 120 solidify on cooling, to a viscid, waxy mass. 
 These results were obtained by cooling down boil- 
 ing saturated solutions ; if the solutions had been 
 prepared by agitating mixtures of the acid and 
 oil of turpentine different results would have been 
 obtained, the quantities of acid dissolved being 
 much less in the latter case. With ether and 
 alcohol also the acid exhibits a great tendency to 
 form supersaturated solutions. [The solubilities 
 in ether, given above, are probably, from this 
 cause, too high ; but the determination in alco- 
 hol, at 10, was exempt from this source of error.] 
 (Brandes, Schweigaer's Journ. fiir Ch. u. Phys. 
 1821, 32. pp. 410-412.) Also soluble in the 
 fatty oils, especially when these are hot. (Brandes, 
 Schiveigger's Journ., 32. 412.) 
 
 The alkaline suberates and those of the alka- 
 line earths are soluble in water. 
 
 SUBERATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. 
 
 SUBERATE OF AMMONIA. Deliquescent. Read- 
 ily soluble in water. (Bouillon; Chevreul, loc. 
 cit., p.331.) Very easily soluble in water. (Brandes, 
 Schweigger's Journ., 33. 86.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat soluble 
 C 16 H 12 Ba 2 8 in water. (Chevreul, loc. cit., p. 
 330.) Soluble in 59 pts. of water 
 at 15, and in 16.5 pts. at boiling. 
 Or, 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 15 dissolve 1.3 pts. of it, and 
 at 100 " 6 " 
 
 Or, the aqueous solution 
 
 saturated at 15 contains 1.67% of it, and 
 
 100 " 5.91% " 
 
 (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fiir Ch. u. Phys 
 1821,33. pp. 89, 90.) [The 'figures given by 
 Brandes for the experiment at 15, and cited 
 above, do not accord with his statement, that " 66 
 grains of the solution made at that temperature 
 gave 1 grain of residue"; these figures are, 
 moreover, headed " suberic acid," instead of su- 
 berate of baryta.] Insoluble in water. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF CHLORETHYL. 
 C 18 H, 2 (C 4 H 4 C1) 2 8 
 
 SUBERATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 
 SUBERATE OF COPPER. Very slightly solu- 
 c ie HJJJ Cu a 0, ble in water, but more soluble 
 
566 
 
 SUCCINIC ACID. 
 
 than the silver salt. (Brandes, Schweigger's 
 Journ., 33. 97.) 
 
 SOBERATE OF ETHYL. Soluble in all pro- 
 c ia H u ( C 4 H s>2 8 portions in alcohol, and ether. 
 Soluble in cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid ; the solution undergoing decom- 
 position when heated. Scarcely at all acted upon 
 by an aqueous solution of caustic potash. (Lau- 
 rent.) 
 
 SUBERATE of protoxide OF IRON. Insoluble in 
 water. (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ., 33. 102.) 
 
 SCBERATE of sesguioxide OF IRON. Insolu- 
 ble in water. (Brandes.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I. ) normal. Water only dissolves a trace of it. 
 
 C 16 H 12 Pb 2 Og (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ., 33. 
 
 101.) Completely insoluble in 
 
 water or alcohol, even when these are warm. 
 
 Soluble in dilute acetic acid. (Bromeis.)' 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 C 16 H 12 Pb 2 8 ,2PbO 
 
 SUBERATE OF LIME. Soluble in 39 pts. of 
 C 13 H 12 Ca 2 8 water at 14, and in 9 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. 
 Or, 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 14 dissolve 2.6 pts. of it, and 
 at 100 " 11.11 
 Or, the aqueous solution saturated 
 
 at 14 contains 2.5% of it, and 
 at 100 " 10% 
 
 (R. Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u.Phys., 
 1821, 33. pp 87, 88.) Appears to be soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 SOBERATE OF MAGNESIA. Somewhat hygro- 
 C 16 H 12 Mg s 8 sco pic. Easily soluble in water, 
 being soluble in 1 pt. of water at 
 12, and in much less water at higher tempera- 
 tures. (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. 
 Phys., 1821, 33. 93.) Sparingly soluble, or in- 
 soluble, in alcohol. (Bouillon.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Brandes, loc. cit., p. 103.) 
 
 SCBERATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 uble in water. Decomposed when boiled with 
 water or alcohol. Soluble in 2500 pts. of ether. 
 Quickly soluble in hot, slowly soluble in cold 
 nitric acid. (Harff.) 
 
 SUBERATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Solu- 
 C 16 H 12 Hg 2 8 ble in more than 2000 pts. of cold 
 water, more readily soluble in boil- 
 ing water. Nearly insoluble in alcohol. Soluble 
 in 1200 pts. of ether. Soluble in chlorhydric and 
 nitric acids. (Harff.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF MERCUR(OMS)AMMONIUM. (?) 
 
 ("CompoundwithHg 2 + NH 8 ") Insoluble in water, 
 
 alcohol, or ether. 
 
 Soluble in concentrated acetic acid, with decom- 
 position. (Harff.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF MERCUR(ZC)AMMONIUM. In- 
 (" Compound with HgO-r-NHg") soluble in water, al- 
 cohol, or ether. Sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric, and partially in nitric acid. 
 Insoluble in cold, decomposed by hot concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Harff.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF METHYL. Insoluble, or but 
 c i H i2 ( c s H 3 ) 2 8 sparingly soluble, in water. 
 
 SUBERATE OF POTASH. Hygroscopic. As 
 soluble in water as the soda salt. (Brandes, 
 Schweigger's Journ., 33. 85.) Difficultly soluble 
 in water. (Bouillon-La Grange.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF SILVER Nearly insoluble in 
 C )fl H 12 Ag 2 8 water. ( Brandes, Schweigger's 
 
 Journ., 33. 94.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF SODA. Somewhat hygroscopic. 
 
 C 16 H 12 Na 2 8 Soluble in 1 pt. of cold, and in 
 
 much less hot water. (Brandes, 
 
 Schweigger's Journ., 33. 83.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Bouillon.) 
 
 SUBERATE OF STRONTIA. Somewhat more 
 C 16 Hj 2 Sr 2 O g soluble in water than the baryta 
 
 salt. (Brandes, loc. inf. cit.) 
 Soluble in 21.2 pts. of water at 20. 
 tf 15.7 " 30. 
 
 13.3 " 50. 
 
 " 12.5 " boiling. 
 
 (Brandes.) 
 Or, 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 20 dissolve 4.6 pts. of it. 
 " 30 " 6.4 " 
 
 " 50 " 7.5 " 
 
 " 100 " 8.7 
 Or, the aqueous solution saturated 
 at 20 contains 4.5% of it. 
 " 30 " 6% 
 " 50 " 7% 
 
 " 100 " 8% 
 
 (Brandes, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 
 1821, 33. pp. 91, 92.) Sparingly soluble, or in- 
 soluble, in alcohol. 
 
 SUBERATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. (Bromeis.) 
 
 SUBERATE of sesguioxide OF URANIUM Sol- 
 uble in 300 pts. of boiling water. (Brandes, 
 Schweigger's Journ., 33. 100.) 
 SUBERATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 SUBERONE. Vid. Hydride of Suberyl. 
 SUCCINAMIC ACID. Not isolated.* 
 
 C 8 H 7 N 6 = N { & H 4 O/ 1 . o, HO 
 
 1 n i 
 
 SUCCINAMATE OF SILVER. Much more sol- 
 Cg H fl Ag N O g uble in water than the compound 
 of oxide of silver with succinimid 
 (C 8 H 4 AgN04). 
 
 SUCCINAMID. Almost insoluble in cold, tol- 
 (Succinylbiamid.) erably soluble in 
 
 CgHgN 2 4 =N 2 f& H *4" boiling water. 
 
 2 i H* (D'Arcet.) Solu- 
 ble in 220 pts. water at 15, and in 9 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. Sparingly soluble in spirit. Insolu- 
 ble in absolute alcohol, or in ether. (Fehling.) 
 
 .Bz'SucciNAMiD. Vid. Succinimid. 
 Trz'SucciNAMiD. Decomposed by water, and 
 
 (TriSuccinylbiamide.) alcohol. Solu- 
 
 C M H 12 N 2 12 = N 2 ( (C 8 H 4 4 ") 3 ble ' under P ress ' 
 
 ure, in warm 
 anhydrous ether. 
 
 (Gerhardt & Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 
 162.) 
 
 SucciNANiL. Vid. PhenylSuccinimid. 
 
 SUCCINANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylSuccinamic 
 Acid. 
 
 SUCCINANILID. Vid. c&'PbenylSuccinamid. 
 
 SUCCINIC AciD(Anhydrous). It does not ab- 
 r> u n r< n n ii ) r\ sorD water from the air. 
 
 Co H. \Ja = \Ja H A Ui" I Uo -r 1 1 11," 
 
 4 ) 2 Less quickly soluble in 
 water than the hydrated 
 
 acid. Much more soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. Very sparingly soluble in ether. 
 
 SUCCINIC ACID. Permanent. Much more 
 (BtrnsteinsaRure (of the Germans)). soluble in warm 
 C 8 H, 8 = C s H 4 O,, 2 H O than in cold wa- 
 
SUCCINATES. 
 
 567 
 
 ter. Soluble in 5 pts. of water at 16 [10, as 
 cited by Wirzj, and in 2.2 pts. of water at 100 
 (Lecanu & Serbat) ; in 24 pts. of water at 11.1, 
 and in 2 pts. of water at 100 (Stockarde Neu- 
 forn, De Succino, IT.]) ; in 96 pts. of water at 10. 
 (Spielman, Inst. them., 12. [T].) According 
 to Neuforn the greater part of it crystallizes out 
 of the hot solution as this becomes cold, but Roux 
 maintains that the cooled solution retains more of 
 it than cold water is capable of dissolving. ( Mor- 
 veau, Encyc. Method., Chim., 1. 72 [T.].) Solu- 
 ble in 25 pts. of cold, and in 3 pts. of boiling 
 water ; the saturated cold solution containing 
 3.85% of it, and the saturated boiling solution 
 25%. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Soluble in 20 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from CE.iterr. Zeitschrift 
 filr Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 
 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of water dissolve 4 pts of 
 it at 15.56, and 50 pts. at 100 (Ure's Diet.) ; 20 
 
 Ets. at 16, and 46 pts. at 100. (Lecanu & Ser- 
 at.) An aqueous solution of 1.01 sp. gr. con- 
 tains 2.78% of the acid, one of 1.04 sp. gr. contains 
 10. 82% of it. (Richter.) 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of cold, and 1.5 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol. Also soluble in ether. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) Soluble in 1.356 pts. of boiling highly 
 rectified spirit, crystallizing out again in part as 
 the solution cools. ( Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, 
 p. 305 .[T].) Less soluble in alcohol than in wa- 
 ter, and scarcely at all soluble in ether. (D'Ar- 
 cet.) Only slightly soluble in oil of turpentine, 
 even when this is boiling. (Lecanu & Serbat.) 
 Insoluble in caoutchin. (Himly.) Soluble in 
 warm sulphuric and nitric acids, apparently with- 
 out decomposition. Chlorhydric acid has but 
 little action on it in the cold, but when heated 
 with it the whole coagulates to a jelly. ( Thom- 
 son's System.) 
 
 Most succinates are soluble in water; those 
 insoluble in water are soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of acetate of potash, hence a mixture of suc- 
 cinate of potash and acetate of potash cannot 
 precipitate any metallic salt. (Lecanu & Serbat.) 
 Also soluble in succinic acid. 
 
 On the addition of a small portion of a fer- 
 ment to dilute aqueous solutions of the alkaline 
 succinates, exposed to the air in a warm place, 
 decomposition rapidly 'ensues, the salt being finally 
 converted into a carbonate. (Buchner, Jr., Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1851, 78. 207.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF AMMOLiN(of Unverdorben). 
 Very readily soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF ALUMINA. There are two 
 salts, one of which is soluble, the other insoluble 
 in water. (Wenzel.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Loses ammonia when exposed to 
 C 8 H 4 (N H 4 ) 2 O 8 the air. Readily soluble in wa- 
 ter (Doepping), the solution un- 
 dergoing partial decomposition, in the course of a 
 considerable time. (Horst.) When treated with 
 boiling water some ammonia is evolved, and the 
 solution obtained exhibits an acid reaction. (Em- 
 met, Am. J. Sci., (1.) 18. pp. 255, 256.) Readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Soluble in boiling creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Readily soluble in wa- 
 C, H 6 (N H 4 ) 8 ter, and alcohol. (Doepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF ANILIN. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF ANTIMONY. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. [Y.I 
 
 SUCCINATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water or suc- 
 
 C 8 H 4 Ba 2 8 cinic acid. More readily soluble in 
 
 acetic acid, and still more readily in 
 
 dilute nitric or chlorhydric acid. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol or ammonia-water. (Doepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF BENZOL. Soluble in ether, 
 
 (Succinate of Benzol Ether.) but the solution is 
 
 C 22 H 10 O 8 = C 8 H 4 (C 14 H 6 ) O s decomposed by 
 evaporation. De- 
 composed by a dilute aqueous solution of caustic 
 soda. (Wicke.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF BISMUTH. There are two 
 C M H 12 (Bi') 2 O M salts, the one soluble in water, 
 the other insoluble. (Wenzel.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water or ordinary al- 
 C 8 H 4 Cd 2 O 8 cohol. Very sparingly soluble in 
 succinic acid. (Schiflf, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 104. 326.) 
 
 II.) acid f Readily soluble in water. De- 
 composed by alcohol to a compound soluble in 
 alcohol, and another easily soluble in water. 
 (John.) 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Spar- 
 
 C 8 H 4 Ce 2 O 8 ingly soluble in water, even when 
 
 this is acidulated with succinic acid. 
 
 Readily soluble in the stronger acids. (Berze- 
 
 lius.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF CETTL. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 8 H 4 (C 32 Hga) 8 alcohol, more easily soluble in 
 a mixture of alcohol and ether, 
 and still more easily in pure ether. 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 4 Cr., 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 SUCCINATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. In- 
 soluble in water. Soluble in acetic acid. (Hayes.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol, soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of succinate of soda. (Berlin.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF COBALT. Difficultly soluble 
 C 8 H 4 Co 2 8 in water. (Berzelius ; Macaire-Prin- 
 
 cep.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF COPPER. Difficultly soluble 
 C 8 H 4 Cu 2 8 in water or succinic acid, more ea- 
 sily soluble in acetic acid. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol (Dcepping), or ether. (Unver- 
 dorben.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF ETHYL. Somewhat soluble in 
 C 8 H 4 (C 4 H 6 ) 2 8 water. Soluble in all propor- 
 tions in alcohol. Also soluble 
 in ether. (Fehling.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF ETHYL perchlore'. Vid. quadri- 
 ChloroSuccinate of perChlorEthyl. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF ETHYLSALICYL. Vid. Salicy- 
 late of EthylSuccinyl. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF GLUCINA. Difficultly soluble 
 G1 2 3 , 3 H 0, 3 C 8 H 4 6 in water. 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF IRON. Difficultly 
 C 8 H 4 Fe 2 8 soluble in water, somewhat more 
 readily soluble in succinic acid. 
 (Berzelius.) Partially soluble in ammonia-water 
 and in aqueous solutions of ammoniacal salts. 
 (Wittstein.) 
 
 SUCCINATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) polybasic. Several precipitates. 
 9tol5Fe 2 3 , C 8 H 4 6 
 
 II.) Insoluble in cold, sparingly soluble in hot 
 Fe 2 8 , H 0, 2 C 8 H 4 6 water. Easily soluble in 
 mineral acids.' Caustic am- 
 monia removes a portion of the acid, insoluble 
 
568 
 
 SUCCINATES. 
 
 basic salts bein^ produced. Insoluble in cold, 
 very dilute succinic acid, more readily soluble, 
 however, in a warm solution. It was formerly 
 erroneously thought that this precipitate was 
 decomposed by hot water into an insoluble basic 
 and a soluble acid salt. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 
 14.) Insoluble in water. Readily soluble in 
 dilute mineral acids. (Bucholz.) Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling water. When recently 
 precipitated it is tolerably soluble in boiling suc- 
 cinic acid. Slowly soluble in cold, readily in hot 
 acetic acid. (Dcepping.) Soluble in an excess 
 of a solution of caustic ammonia or of soda, being 
 reprecipitated after the lapse of some hours. 
 (Winckler.) Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium, or in alcohol. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb., 3. 631.) It is not precipitated from 
 solutions which contain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 C 8 H 4 Pb 2 8 acetic acid, or succinic acid, even 
 when hot. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Dcepping.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 normal acetate of lead. (Winckler.) Easily sol- 
 uble in nitric acid. 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water or alcohol. Soluble 
 2 C 8 H 4 Pb 2 8 ; 2 Pb in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Dcepping.' 
 
 Ill 
 IV 
 
 V.) hexa. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 Cg H 4 Pb 2 8 , 4 Pb (Berzelius. ) Insoluble in al- 
 
 cohol. Readily soluble in 
 
 dilute nitric acid and in potash-lye. (Dcepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF LlME. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 C g H 4 Co, 8 + 2 Aq & 6 Aq water, and acetic acid ; 
 
 more readily soluble in 
 
 succinic acid, and very easily soluble in nitric and 
 chlorhydric acid. Insoluble in alcohol. (Dcep- 
 
 r'j [ Fehling's basic salts. 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 C 8 H 5 Ca 8 + 2 Aq water, though more readily 
 
 than the normal salt. Hot 
 
 alcohol decomposes it, dissolving out half of the 
 
 acid. (Dcepping.) 
 
 SDCCINATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent and soluble in 
 CgH 4 Li 2 Og water. (Scheibler; Troost.) Insol- 
 uble in alcohol, or ether. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 C 8 H 4 Mg 2 Ofe + 12 Aq water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Dcepping.) 
 
 Fehling has observed salts containing different 
 amounts of water of crystallization which are 
 more slowly soluble than this one. 
 
 II.) hexa. ' Ppt. Insoluble in acetic acid. 
 C 8 H 4 Mg 2 Og,4MgO + 3Aq 
 
 SDCCINATE OF MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. 
 
 C, H 4 Mg K Og + 5 Aq Permanent. ( The anhy- 
 
 drous salt is deliquescent.) 
 
 Readily soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 spirit. (Doepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. 
 C 8 H 4 Mn 2 O g + 8Aq Soluble in 10 pts. of water at 
 19 [13]. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (John.) 
 
 SUCCINATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY (Hg 2 O). 
 
 C 8 H 4 Hg 4 8 Somewhat soluble in pure water. 
 
 Insoluble in water which contains 
 
 succinate of soda. (H. Rose.) Insoluble in wa- 
 
 ter. 1000 pts. of alcohol dissolve 0.75 pt. of 
 it. (Harff, in Berzelius's Lehrb.) Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, or succinic acid. Readily soluble 
 in nitric acid. (Doepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF METHYL. Scarcely at all sol- 
 C g H 4 (C 2 H a ) 2 8 uble in water. (Fehling.) Sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF METHYLSALICYL. Vid. Sa- 
 licylate of Methyl & of Succinyl. 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 Insoluble in water. Slightly soluble in succinic 
 acid. (Berzelins's Lehrb.) 
 
 SUCCINATE of binoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 C 8 H 4 Mo" 8 Ppt. Soluble in succinic acid. 
 (Dumas, Tr.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. Soluble in 
 water. Decomposed by alcohol. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF NICKEL. Soluble in water, 
 C g H 4 tfi 2 8 + 8 Aq acetic acid, and ammonia- 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Doepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF POTASH. 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a =c 8 H 4 K 2 8 + Aq Permanent. Easily sol- 
 uble in water.'and alcohol. 
 
 b = C 8 H 4 K 2 8 + 4 Aq Deliquescent. (Dcep- 
 ping ; Lecanu & Ser- 
 
 bat ) Very soluble in water. Soluble in spirit. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Dcepping.) 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. Readily soluble in 
 C 8 H 6 K 8 + 4 Aq water, and alcohol. (Doep- 
 ping.) 
 
 III.) peracid. 
 C 8 H 6 K 8 , C 8 H 6 8 +3Aq 
 
 SUCCINATE OF POTASH & OF URANIUM. In- 
 C 8 H 4 K 2 8 ; 2 (2 Ur, O 3 , C g H 4 O e ) soluble in water, 
 
 but is gradually 
 
 decomposed by long-continued washing with 
 warm water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 SUCCINATE ofdinoxide OF SILVER. Insoluble 
 
 H 4 Ag 4 O 8 in water. (Wcehler. ) 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF SILVER. Very 
 C g H 4 Ag 2 8 slowly soluble in water or acetic 
 acid. Readily soluble in dilute ni- 
 tric acid, and in ammonia-water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Dcepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Slightly efflorescent. Readily sol- 
 C 8 H 4 Na, 8 + 12 Aq uble. in water, especially 
 when this is hot. (Lecanu 
 & Serbat.) Soluble in spirit. (Dcepping.) 
 
 II.) acid. Readily soluble in water, and spirit. 
 C 8 H 6 Na0 8 + 4Aq&6Aq (Dcepping.) 
 
 SUCCINATE OF SODA & OF URANIUM. In- 
 C 8 H 4 Na,0 8 ; (2ur 2 s , C 8 H 4 6 ) soluble in water, 
 or alcohol. Slow- 
 ly decomposed when washed with water. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF SOLANIN. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Very easily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water [though 
 much more soluble than the baryta salt], more 
 readily in succinic and acetic acids. [Soluble in 
 the acids generally. (H. Rose, Tr.)} Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Dcepping.) 
 
SUGAR. 
 
 569 
 
 SUCCINATE OF THORIA. Ppt. Succinic acid 
 C 8 H 4 Th 2 8 dissolves only a trace of it. (Ber- 
 zelius, Pogg. "Ann., 1829, 16. 414.) 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 water. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. Wenzel 
 obtained an ill-defined soluble compound also. 
 
 SUCCINATE of binoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 SUCCINATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SUCCINATE ofsesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) Very sparingly soluble in water. Partially 
 
 2 Ur 2 3 , C, H 6 8 decomposed by boiling water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Richter.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 SUCCINATE OF UREA. Rather more soluble 
 
 2 C 4 H 4 N z 2 , C 8 H 5 8 in water than the oxalate 
 
 of urea. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 SUCCINATE of binoxide OF VANADIUM. 
 SUCCINATE OF YTTRIA. Very sparingly sol- 
 C g 1I 4 Yr 2 O 8 + 12 Aq .uble in cold, readily soluble 
 
 in warm water. (Berlin.) 
 SUCCINATE OF ZINC. Very slowly soluble in 
 Cg II 4 Zn 2 8 water, and succinic acid. Readily 
 soluble in mineral acids, in acetic 
 acid, and in aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 and ammonia. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Dcepping.) 
 SUCCINATE OF ZIRCONIA. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE. Vid. Succinic Acid 
 (Anhydrous). 
 
 SUCCINIC ETHER. Vid. Succinate of Ethyl. 
 SUCCINIMID. Abundantly soluble in water. 
 (BiSuccinamid. Succinylamid .) Tolerably sol- 
 
 C 8 H 5 N0 4 + 2Aq =N { & H * *" + 2 Aq b ,le in alco- 
 hol. Sparing- 
 ly soluble in 
 ether. (D'Arcet.) 
 
 SUCCINIMID with ARGENTAMMONIUM. 
 N j C R H 4 4 " 
 M j(NH 3 Ag) 
 
 SUCCINIMID with LEAD. Hygroscopic. Sol- 
 
 3 C 8 H 5 N 4 ; 4 Pb + 3 Aq uble in water. Insol- 
 
 uble in alcohol. (Feh- 
 ling.) 
 
 SUCCINIMID with MERCURY. Soluble in wa- 
 N (C 8 H 4 4 ' ( ter. (Dessaignes.) 
 
 SUCCINIMID with SILVER. Sparingly solu- 
 N ( C 8 H 4 4 ble in cold, easily soluble in boiling 
 
 I Ag water, and alcohol. Soluble in all 
 
 proportions in ammonia-water. De- 
 composed by long-continued boiling with water. 
 (Laurent & Gerhardt.) 
 
 SUCCININ. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 c i4 H ioio or bisulphide of carbon. Slowly sol- 
 uble in boiling water, and alcohol. 
 Slowly soluble in cold alkalies, and more quickly 
 when heated. (Van Bemmelen.) 
 
 SUCCINYL^'AMID. Vid. Succinamid. 
 
 SUCCINYLARGENT&I'AMID. 
 ( c g H 4 4 
 
 C 8 H 7 N 2 Ag 4 = N 2 j Ag 
 ( H 3 
 
 SUCCINYLSULPHOPHENYLAMIC AdD. Vid. 
 
 SulphoPhcnylSuccinylarnic Acid. 
 
 SucciNYLSuLPHoPnENYLAMiD. Sparingly 
 (SulpkoPhenylSaccinamid. SidpkoSuccinanil.) soluble 
 
 H 9 T* S 2 8 = N 
 
 
 4 
 
 in boi[ . 
 
 ing, 
 
 less soluble in cold water, alcohol, and ether. Not 
 immediately soluble in solution of caustic ammo- 
 nia. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 46. 157.) 
 
 SuCCINYLdt'SULPHOPHENYLrflBENZOYLfcz'AMID. 
 (SuccinyldiSulphoPkenylBenzamid.) There are 
 
 H - two modifi " 
 
 of which is 
 crystalline, the other viscous. When heated un- 
 der pressure with ether both modifications dissolve 
 easily. But at the ordinary atmospheric pressure 
 the crystalline modification is difficultly soluble 
 in ether, while the viscous modification dissolves 
 in all proportions in ether. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 161.) 
 
 SUCCISTERENE. Insoluble in water. Scarcely 
 (White substance from the at all soluble in cold, 
 distmation of amber.) more rca( jji y so l u bl e in 
 
 24 8 hot alcohol or ether. Sol- 
 
 uble in the fixed and volatile oils. Unacted upon 
 by alkaline solutions, or^by cold mineral acids ; 
 but is soluble in warm" concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, with subsequent decomposition. It appears 
 to be a little more soluble in alcohol, and ether, 
 than its isomer idrialin. The presence of a small 
 quantity of the yellow substance obtained from 
 amber (chrysene?) renders it much less soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. (Pelletier &' Walter, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 96.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF X. Vid. infra, under SUGAR, p. 
 573. 
 
 SUGAR. Permanent. Soluble in J its own 
 
 (Cane Sugar. Palm Sugar. weight of cold wa- 
 
 Beet^Sugar. Maple Sugar, fe.) ^ an( , ; n a ,j prQ _ 
 
 portions in water at 
 
 high temperatures, such as are obtained by heat- 
 ing strong solutions of sugar, but when kept for 
 along time at temperatures near ebullition, it is 
 converted into molasses, or uncrystallizable sugar. 
 (Vid. inf.) At 100 water takes up 5 times its 
 own weight of sugar, of which it loses 3 pts. by 
 crystallization when the solution is cooled. (Du- 
 brunfaut.) When a very concentrated solution 
 of sugar (viscid syrup) is allowed to cool, it solidi- 
 fies, as barley candy. 
 
 At 15.5 a saturated aqueous solution of sugar 
 is composed of 2 pts. of sugar and 1 pt. of water ; 
 at 79.4 of about 4 pts. of sugar and I pt. of wa- 
 ter ; and at 100, of 5 pts. of sugar and 1 pt. of 
 water. (McCulloh, Report, U. S. Senate Doc- 
 ument, No. 209, 29th Congress, 2d Session.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.345082 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 209.7.38 pts. of sugar. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478, 482.) From a hot solution containing 5 pts. 
 of sugar to 1 pt. of water, f of the sugar crystal- 
 lizes out on cooling. (Henry.) 
 Beet-root-sugar crystals are somewhat more 
 slowly soluble in water than those of cane-sugar, 
 they are also more readily obtained of large size 
 than the latter. Probably the otber varieties, as 
 maple or palm sugar, have also slightly different 
 degrees of solubility. 
 
 72 
 
570 
 
 SUGAR. 
 
 
 
 So. Gr. Percent Sp. Gr. Percent 
 
 Percentage of Sugar 
 
 in aqueous 
 
 Solutions. 
 
 (ai 17.5) of Sugar. (at 17.5) of Sugar. 
 
 Sp Gr. Percent 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 Percent 
 
 64 . . .3139 71 . 1.3570 
 
 (at 17.5) of Sugar. 
 
 (at 17.5) 
 
 of Sugar. 
 
 65 .3190 72 1.3633 
 
 1.0035 . . 1 
 
 1.1582 
 
 . 36 
 
 66 .3260 73 1.3696 
 
 1.0070 2 
 
 1.1631 
 
 37 
 
 67 .3321 74 1.3760 
 
 1.0106 3 
 
 1.1681 
 
 38 
 
 68 .3383 75 1.3824 
 
 1.0143 4 
 
 1.1731 
 
 39 
 
 69 .3445 75.35 1.3847 
 
 1 0179 5 
 
 1.1781 
 
 40 
 
 70 . . .3507 
 
 1.0215 6 
 1.0254 7 
 1.0291 8 
 1.0328 9 
 1.0367 10 
 1.0410 11 
 
 1.1832 
 1.1883 
 1.1935 
 1.1989 
 1 .2043 
 1 2098 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 
 (Balling, in his Gahrungs-chemie, Prag, 1854, 
 1. table II. to page 118; compare Brix, Verhand- 
 lungen des Vereins zur Beforderung des Gewerbffleisses, 
 in Preussen, 1854, p. 132, and Gerlach, Sp. Gew. 
 der Salzlosungen, 1859, p. 43.) 
 
 1.0456 12 
 1.0504 13 
 
 1.2153 
 1.2209 
 
 47 
 
 * 48 
 
 An aqueous solution at 15.5 (water at 15.5 = 1). 
 
 1.0552 14 
 
 1.2265 
 
 49 
 
 Of Sp. Gr. Contains Of Sp. Gr. 
 
 1.0600 15 
 
 1 .2322 
 
 50 
 
 (according to Percent (according to 
 
 1.0647 16 
 
 1.2378 
 
 51 
 
 Steinneil). of Sugar. Balling). 
 
 1.0693 17 
 
 1.2434 
 
 52 
 
 1.000000 ... ... 1.00000 
 
 1.0738 18 
 
 1.2490 
 
 53 
 
 1.004066 1 1.00438 
 
 1.0784 19 
 
 1.2546 
 
 54 
 
 1.008182 2 1.00839 
 
 1.0830 20 
 
 1.2602 
 
 55 
 
 1.012345 3 1.01239 
 
 1.0875 21 
 
 1.2658 
 
 56 
 
 1.016554 4 1.01639 
 
 1.0920 22 
 
 1.2714 
 
 57 
 
 1.020807 5 1.02040 
 
 1.0965 23 
 
 1.2770 
 
 58 
 
 1.025100 6 .02441 
 
 1.1010 24 
 
 1.2826 
 
 59 
 
 1.029434 7 .02851 
 
 1.1056 25 
 
 1.2882 
 
 60 
 
 1.033807 8 .03261 
 
 1.1103 26 
 
 1.2938 
 
 61 
 
 1.038214 9 .03673 
 
 1.1150 27 
 
 1.2994 
 
 62 
 
 1042652 10 .04083 
 
 1.1197 28 
 
 1.3050 
 
 63 
 
 1.047123 11 .04504 
 
 1.1245 29 
 
 1.3105 
 
 64 
 
 1.051618 12 .04925 
 
 1.1293 30 
 
 1.3160 
 
 65 
 
 1.056133 13 .05346 
 
 1 . 1 340 3 1 
 
 1.3215 
 
 66 
 
 1.060669 14 .05767 
 
 1.1388 32 
 
 1.3270 
 
 67 
 
 1.065219 15 .06188 
 
 1.1436 33 
 
 1.3324 
 
 68 
 
 1.069778 16 .06621 
 
 1.1484 34 
 
 1.3377 
 
 69 
 
 1.074343 17 .07054 
 
 1.1533 . . 35 
 
 1.3430 
 
 . 70 
 
 1.078913 18 1.07496 
 
 (Niemann, Ann. der Pharm., 1832, 2. 340.) 
 
 1.083483 19 1.07940 
 
 
 
 
 1088053 . . . 20 ... 1.08384 
 
 Sp. Gr. Percent 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 Percent 
 
 
 (at 17-5) of Sugar. 
 
 (at 17.5) 
 
 of Sugar. 
 
 (Steinheil, in his Gehaltprobe fur Biere, Miin- 
 
 . . .0000 
 
 32 . 
 
 1.1391 
 
 chcn, 1847 ; Balling, in his Gahrungs-chemie, Prag, 
 
 1 .0040 
 
 33 
 
 1.1440 
 
 1854, 1. table II. to page 118 ; both cited by Pohl, 
 
 2 0080 
 
 34 
 
 1.1490 
 
 /of. cit., p. 18, who has also reduced Balling's 
 
 3 .0120 
 
 35 
 
 1.1540 
 
 table to the temperature of 15.5, as above.) 
 
 4 .0160 
 
 36 
 
 1 1590 
 
 Sp. Gr. Percent Sp. Gr. Percent 
 
 5 .0200 
 
 37 
 
 1.1641 
 
 (at 15*) of Sugar (at 15) of Sugar. 
 
 6 .0240 
 
 38 
 
 1.1692 
 
 
 7 .0281 
 
 39 
 
 1.1743 
 
 .00000 . . 1.04718 . 11 
 
 8 .0322 
 
 40 
 
 1.1794 
 
 .00412 1 1.05167 12 
 
 9 .0363 
 
 41 
 
 1.1846 
 
 .00824 2 1.05619 13 
 
 10 .0404 
 
 42 
 
 1.1898 
 
 .01240 3 106072 14 
 
 11 .0446 
 
 43 
 
 1.1951 
 
 .01661 4 1.06527 15 
 
 12 .0488 
 
 44 
 
 1.2004 
 
 02086 5 1.06983 16 
 
 13 .0530 
 
 45 
 
 1 .2057 
 
 .02515 6 1.07440 17 
 
 14 .0572 
 
 46 
 
 1.2111 
 
 .02949 7 1.07897 18 
 
 15 .0614 
 
 47 
 
 1.2165 
 
 1.03386 8 108354 19 
 
 16 .0657 
 
 48 
 
 1.2219 
 
 1.03827 9 1.08811 . 20 
 
 1 7 .0700 
 
 49 
 
 1.2274 
 
 1.04271 . . 10 
 
 18 .0744 
 19 .0788 
 20 .0832 
 21 .0877 
 22 .0922 
 23 .0967 
 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 ' 
 54 
 55 
 
 1.2329 
 1.2385 
 1 2441 
 1.2497 
 1 .2553 
 1.2610 
 
 (Pohl, Denkschriften der Wiener Akad. math.- 
 nat. Klasse, 1851, vol. 2. p 25 of the memoir.) 
 In his very elaborate memoir Pohl also gives 
 tables of corrections for temperature, expansion 
 of instruments employed, &c., &c. 
 
 24 .1013 
 
 56 
 
 1.2667 
 
 
 25 .1059 
 
 57 
 
 1.2725 
 
 * Sp. Gr. of water at 15 = 1. 
 
 26 .1106 
 
 58 
 
 1.2783 
 
 
 27 .1153 
 
 59 
 
 1.2841 
 
 
 28 .1200 
 
 60 
 
 1 .2900 
 
 
 29 .1247 
 
 61 
 
 1.2959 
 
 
 30 .1295 
 
 62 
 
 1.3019 1 
 
 31 . . .1343 
 
 63 . 
 
 1.3079 1 
 
SUGAR. 
 
 571 
 
 An aqueous solution containing j g o f gp. r _ 
 
 pts. of Sugar 
 
 pts. of Water (at 17-5). 
 
 1 ... 
 
 . 10 . 
 
 . . 1.036 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 1.040 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1.045 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1.051 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1.057 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1.068 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1.080 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1.105 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1.143 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 .230 
 
 2 ... 
 
 1 
 
 . . 1.332 
 
 (R. Bvandes & 
 
 G. Reich, 
 
 Brandes's Archiv., 
 
 1827, (1.) 22. 70. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Contains Sugar 
 
 A Mixture of kilo- 
 
 Is of Sp. Gr 
 
 In 100 In 100 
 
 grammes of 
 
 (at 15) 
 
 Litres Kilogs. 
 
 Sugar. Water. 
 
 
 Kilogs. Kilogs. 
 
 100 . 50 . 
 
 . 1345.29 
 
 89.68 . 66.6 
 
 60 
 
 1322.31 
 
 82.64 62.5 
 
 70 
 
 1297.93 
 
 76.35 58.8 
 
 80 
 
 1281.13 
 
 71.17 55.5 
 
 90 
 
 1266.66 
 
 66.66 52.6 
 
 100 
 
 1257.86 
 
 62.88 50. 
 
 120 
 
 1222.22 
 
 55.55 45.4 
 
 " 140 
 
 1200. 
 
 50. 41.6 
 
 " 160 
 
 1187.21 
 
 45.66 38.4 
 
 " 180 
 
 1176.47 
 
 42. 35.7 
 
 200 
 
 1170.72 
 
 39. 33.3 
 
 250 
 
 1147.54 
 
 32.7 28.5 
 
 " 350 
 
 1111.11 
 
 24.6 22.2 
 
 450 
 
 1089.10 
 
 19.8 18.1 
 
 550 
 
 1074.38 
 
 16.5 153 
 
 " 650 
 
 1063.83 
 
 14.18 13.3 
 
 750 
 
 1055.90 
 
 12.42 11.7 
 
 945 
 
 1045. 
 
 10. 9.5 
 
 1445 
 
 1030. 
 
 6.66 6.4 
 
 " 1945 
 
 1022.05 
 
 5. 4.8 
 
 " 2445 
 
 1018. 
 
 4. 3.3 
 
 " . 2945 . 
 
 . 1015. 
 
 . . 3.33 . 3.2 
 
 (Payen, in Dumas's Traite, Liege Edition, 2, 
 197.) 
 
 A Solution of Smgar 
 of Sp. Gr. 
 
 1010.1 . . 
 
 Contains, in 1000 pts. of Water, 
 pts. of Sugar. 
 
 25. 
 
 1020.2 
 
 50. 
 
 1030.2 
 
 75. 
 
 1040.6 
 
 100. 
 
 1051. 
 
 125. 
 
 1061.8 
 
 150. 
 
 1072.9 
 
 175. 
 
 1083.8 
 
 200. 
 
 1095.2 
 1106.7 
 
 225. 
 . 250. 
 
 (Graham, Hofmann, & Redwood, J. Ch. Sue., 
 6. 231. These authors remark, that "the tables 
 of sp. gr. constructed by Mr. Bate have been 
 verified and are considered entirely trustworthy. 
 The table here given, however, is by ourselves." 
 When yeast is added to solutions of cane-sugar 
 the sp. gr. of the solution is at first increased, 
 owing to the change of the sugar into starch- 
 sugar. When fermentation commences, however, 
 the sp. gr. of the solution soon falls. When cane- 
 sugar is converted into starch-sugar by the action 
 of acids, a similar increase of sp. gr. occurs. 
 (Ihid.) When 20 grms. of cane-sugar are dis- 
 solved in 100 cc. of water, the temperature falls 
 half a degree. (Dubrunfaut.) When 560 grms. of 
 cane-sugar are dissolved in 1100 grms. of water 
 at 16.62 the temperature falls to 15.5. (Pohl.) 
 
 Soluble in 80 pts. of boiling absolute alcohol, 
 
 i separating out again almost completely as the 
 ] solution cools. (Pfaff.) Soluble in 4 pts. of strong 
 boiling alcohol. (Wenzel, in his Verwandtschaft, 
 p. 300 [T.]). Soluble in 24 5 pts. of alcohol of 
 0.83 sp. gr. Much more soluble in hot than in 
 cold ordinary alcohol, and still more soluble in 
 weaker spirit, the more readily in proportion as 
 this is dilute and warm, but always less soluble in 
 | spirit than in water. 
 
 Insoluble in ether. Ether precipitates it from 
 the alcoholic solution. (Dcebereiner.) More solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of borax than in pure 
 water. (Stiirenberg.) 
 
 When boiled with water during 15 @ 20 hours, 
 cane-sugar begins to undergo change, being con- 
 verted into uncrystallizable sugar and grape-sugar. 
 (Pelouze & Malaguti, 1832, cited by M., Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 1835, (2.) 59. 416.) A solution of 
 cane-sugar in pure water may be preserved for 
 weeks in closed vessels without undergoing any 
 change; but if a solution of about 10 B. is ex- 
 posed to the air, being protected from dust the 
 while, traces of altered sugar will be found after 
 3 days, and the amount of the latter increases 
 from day to day. This change does not depend 
 upon organic matter from the air, as was formerly 
 held, for solutions of pure sugar being brought 
 into intimate contact with the air alter very quick- 
 ly : in an experiment, where the solution of sugar 
 of 10 B. was caused to flow over bits of glass, in a 
 cylinder open at both ends, at 18.75, it was found 
 that traces of sugar were altered at the end of 6 
 hours, the change then going on so rapidly that 
 scarcely any crystallizable sugar remained after 36 
 hours. (Hochstetter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 29. pp. 
 22, 40.) In case the nitrogenized matter of beet- 
 juice (or of the sugar-cane) is present in the sugar 
 solution of the last experiment, all the cane-sugar 
 is changed in the course of a few hours. (Ibid., 
 pp. 32, 40.) When its aqueous solution is persist- 
 ently boiled or exposed to a temperature higher 
 than that of boiling water, cane-sugar is decom- 
 posed, as has been noticed by several observers, 
 and loses its power of crystallizing. This altera- 
 tion by water and warmth, nevertheless, takes 
 place with exceeding slowness ; it being necessary 
 to boil the sugar solution during several hours in 
 order to clearly detect any change. A solution of 
 pure sugar of 25 B. was boiled in an open dish, 
 in one instance during 1 hour, in another l hours, 
 and in another 2 hours, the evaporated water 
 being added only when the temperature of the 
 boiling liquid had risen to 110 (8> 112: no color- 
 ation of the liquid occurred in either case, and an 
 abundant crystallization of cane-sugar was ob- 
 tained from all three ; decomposition had, never- 
 theless, begun, traces of uncrystallizable sugar 
 being detected on testing. This experiment hav- 
 ing been frequently repeated always gave the 
 same result. In case the sugar solution is boiled 
 in a flask a larger amount of sugar is changed 
 than would be altered in the same space of time 
 in the dish. This may perhaps depend upon the 
 condensed vfoiter which flows back from the neck 
 of the flask, and may contain traces of formic acid. 
 This may also be the explanation of Soubeiran's 
 results, he having found a considerable change 
 after 2 @ 3 hours' boiling, and a strong acid re- 
 action. It is very easy, in any event, to perceive 
 that the decomposition of the sugar proceeds more 
 rapidly after long-continued boiling than is the 
 case at the beginning of the experiment; and in 
 proportion to the formation of products of de- 
 composition, so much the more is the latter ac- 
 celerated. Cane-sugar is changed much more 
 
572 
 
 SUGAR. 
 
 rapidly by boiling, if air be passed through the 
 hot solution. A current of air being drawn 
 through a boiling sugar solution of 15 B., con- 
 tained in a flask, the liquid became considerably 
 colored in less than 1^ hours, and was found to 
 contain no inconsiderable amount of altered sugar, 
 the change being materially greater than when no 
 air was passed through the boiling liquor. (Hoch- 
 stetter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 29. pp. 23 - 26, 40.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of cane-sugar partially 
 loses its dextro-rotatory power at the common 
 temperature by standing ; finally losing it entirely, 
 and acquiring a rotatory power towards the left, 
 the cane-sugar being converted into inverse sugar. 
 A solution being heated for 3 hours upon the wa- 
 ter-bath lost 3.5 <3> 4% of its rotatory power. ( Mau- 
 mene'.) On boiling an aqueous solution of sugar, 
 the water which evaporates being replaced, its 
 dextro-rotatory power becomes weaker and weak- 
 er, and is at last completely lost. At this point 
 and until the subsequent Itevo-rotatory power has 
 not arrived at its maximum, the liquor still con- 
 tains unaltered cane-sugar, for the addition of 
 acids still increases the Itevo-rotation. When the 
 transformation is complete, for which 114 hours' 
 boiling is necessary, longer boiling causes the 
 formation of formic and acetic acids, and a dark 
 coloration. (Soubeiran.) No ordinary (dextro-) 
 glucose is formed when an aqueous solution of 
 cane-sugar is boiled, but after 60 hours' boiling a 
 peculiar non-crystallizable sugar. (Bouchardat.) 
 The formation of ordinary (dextro-) glucose and 
 luevo-glueose unquestionably occurs simultaneous- 
 ly in the decomposition of aqueous solutions of 
 cane-sugar. (Dubrunfaut, Maumene', Be'champ.) 
 This transformation of cane-sugar takes place at 
 90 @ 100. (The'nard.) 
 
 When warmed with dilute acids, or when left 
 to itself, an aqueous solution of cane-sugar loses 
 its dextro-rotatory power and acquires a lesvo- 
 rotatory power. (Biot.) When boiled, or even 
 when heated to 95, with dilute acids, cane-sugar 
 is converted into grape-sugar ; the latter being 
 subsequently decomposed by the continued action 
 of the acid. As a general rule all acids, whether 
 organic or inorganic, act in the same manner when 
 heated with cane-sugar. Even very dilute acids 
 cause this transformation, though more slowly 
 than acids which are somewhat more concentrated. 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1835, (2.) 59. pp. 
 417, 422, 407.) The conversion of cane- into 
 grape-sugar is most remarkable, it being only 
 necessary to add a few percent of sulphuric acid 
 to a solution of cane-sugar in order to bring about 
 the formation of grape-sugar ; and this change 
 occurs even when no heat is applied to the mix- 
 ture. Besides sulphuric acid, other acids easily 
 transform cane- into grape-sugar in the cold : and 
 even acetic acid produces this change at the tem- 
 perature of boiling. (Mitseherlich, Berlin Be- 
 richt, 1841, p. 390.) All acids effect the complete 
 conversion of cane-sugar, but strong acids more 
 quickly than the same quantity of weaker acids, 
 and the same acid acts more rapidly the higher the 
 temperature. The change is complete with -X @ 
 fr measure of chlorhydric acid at the temperature 
 of the air in a few hours, the rotatory power then 
 possessed by the liquid remaining constant for 
 two days, or until coloration set in. With sul- 
 phuric acid the transformation takes place slowly at 
 the common temperature, but at 60 i 70 instanta- 
 neouslyand without coloration of the liquid. A solu- 
 tion of cane-sugar, containing 66% of racemic acid, 
 is only partially changed after 16 days, completely 
 after a year; $ measure of glacial acetic acid does 
 
 not occasion the transformation within 2 months, 
 but completely within a year. (Biot, C. R., 15. 
 528 [Gm.~].) Small quantities of organic acids 
 do not sensibly increase the decomposing action 
 of water at common temperatures. A 30% solu- 
 tion of cane-sugar mixed with ^ of its weight of 
 tartaric acid was not completely converted into 
 inverse sugar after 5 years. (Maumene', C. R-, 
 39. 917 [Gm.].) The cane-sugar of lemon-juice 
 (containing 6.5% of acid) is only very slightly 
 changed after 12 days, not more so than when the 
 free acid is neutralized. The acid juice of the 
 apricot may likewise be concentrated on the wa- 
 ter-bath to half its bulk without the inversion of 
 much of its cane-sugar. (Buignet.) If solutions 
 of cane-sugar are heated with equivalent quanti- 
 ties of different acids, sulphuric acid causes in- 
 version more quickly than tartaric acid, and tar- 
 taric acid more quickly than citric or than acetic 
 acid. A larger quantity of the same acid is re- 
 quired if the sugar solution is dilute than if it is 
 concentrated. (Buignet.) 
 
 In the transformation of cane-sugar by dilute 
 acids there is produced grape-sujrar (Kirchhoff), 
 granular sugar (Guibourt, Boullay), gum-sugar 
 (Bouillon-Lagrange), a sugar differing from 
 ordinary (dextro-) glucose, which rotates the 
 plane of polarization to the left (Biot), and is 
 afterwards converted into ordinary (dextro-) glu- 
 cose (Biot, Soubeiran). Cane-sugar heated with 
 acids forms first lajvo-glucose, and then, if the 
 heat be continued, dextro-glucose. (Bouchardat.) 
 But since boiling with acids does not alter the 
 rotatory power of inverse sugar until coloration 
 takes place, the crystals of dextro-glucose which 
 are deposited after some months may be pro- 
 duced, not by the action of the acid, but by the 
 molecular transformation which takes place in the 
 course of time. (Soubeiran.) 
 
 Decomposed by concentrated sulphuric, chlor- 
 hydric, nitric, and arsenic acids. 
 
 When heated in closed tubes to 100 with aque- 
 ous solutions of the chlorides of sodium, barium, 
 or strontium, more inverse sugar is formed than 
 would be the case with pure water. The same 
 transformation takes place quickly, the mass being 
 blackened, with chloride of ammonium, but not 
 with chloride of potassium, chloride of sodium, or 
 fluorspar. (Borthelot.) Sugar solutions to which 
 have been added alkaline chlorides, or the chlo- 
 rides of the alkaline earths, or normal sulphates 
 or carbonates behave like pure solutions of sugar 
 when kept for a long time or boiled, since the 
 salts in question exert no decomposing influence 
 upon the sugar and do not alter it in any way; 
 but most salts, and especially the chlorides of the 
 alkalies and alkaline earths, hinder the crystalli- 
 zation of cane-sugar. Solutions, to which had 
 been added 2 pts. of chloride of sodium, or chlo- 
 ride of calcium, for every 100 pts. of sugar, could 
 not be made to crystallize until the salts had been 
 removed by means of animal charcoal. Alkaline 
 carbonates behave in the same way. But salts of 
 nitric and sulphuric acid disturb the crystallization 
 much less than chlorides. This action seems to 
 be purely mechanical, since the uncrystallizable 
 sugars behave in a similar way. (Hochstetter, 
 J. pr. Ch., 1843, 29. pp- 28, 41.) 
 
 On heating a mixture of cane-sugar with 4 or 5 
 pts. of hydrate of potash and a small quantity of 
 water oxalate of potash is formed. (Gay-Lussac.) 
 When a solution of sugar, to which a small quan- 
 tity of potash has been added, is boiled for a long 
 time, out of contact with the air, the potash finally 
 becomes saturated with ulmic acid ; if the experi- 
 
SUCRATES. 
 
 573 
 
 nient is made in the air, formic acid is also pro- 
 duced. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., 18.35, (2.) 
 69. pp. 420, 423.) Cane-sugar does not become 
 sensibly brown when boiled with potash-lye. 
 (Boullay; Chevalier.) A solution of cane-sugar 
 heated with potash-lye to 88, and then neutral- 
 ized with acid, does not regain the whole of its 
 rotatory power, which is still further diminished 
 if the liquor is boiled or evaporated. Carbonate 
 of potash does not diminish the rotatory power of 
 cane-sugar when heated therewith to 88 ; and 
 when boiled it does so to a less extent than caus- 
 tic potash. (Michaelis.) On boiling a solution 
 of cane-sugar for 72 hours with - pt. of crystal- 
 lized carbonate of soda, an acid black liquor is 
 formed possessing laevo-rotatory power. (Sou- 
 beiran.) 
 
 When a solution of cane-sugar, in which lime has 
 been dissolved, is heated, even to 120, or boiled 
 for a long time, the cane-sugar undergoes no 
 alteration ; the lime even protecting this sugar 
 from the decomposing influence which is exerted 
 upon it at high temperatures, by nitrogenous 
 matters. ( Hochstetter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 29. pp. 
 40, 27.) [Compare Oxide of Calcium, and Su- 
 crate of Lime.] But under certain circumstances 
 the alkalies may promote the decomposition of 
 cane-sugar ; for example, in presence of nitrogen- 
 ized matters at temperatures favorable to pro- 
 cesses of fermentation. (Hochstetter, loc. cit., p. 
 40.) Solutions of cane-sugar mixed with hydrate 
 of lime exhibit greater stability when boiled or 
 long kept than pure aqueous sugar solutions. 
 (Bouchardat, Soubeiran, and others.) 
 
 Moderately concentrated aqueous solutions of 
 cane-sugar left in contact with certain nitrogenous 
 bodies, at temperatures between 10 and 30, un- 
 dergo transformations distinguished by the names 
 Vinous, Lactous, and Mucous Fermentation ; for 
 descriptions of which see Gmelin's Handbook, 7. 
 96, and 15. 265.) But cane-sugar is not altered 
 either by diastase (Guerin-Varry), or by emulsin. 
 (O. Schmidt.) When gelatinous, nitrogenized 
 substances are present in solutions of cane-sugar 
 the latter changes to uncrystallizable sugar before 
 any phenomena of fermentation are apparent; 
 anil this change occurs as well after or during 
 long-continued boiling. (Hochstetter, J. pr. Ch., 
 1843, 29. pp. 29-34, 40.) Cane-sugar does not 
 undergo vinous fermentation till, under the in- 
 fluence of a peculiar substance in the yeast, or of 
 a substance contained especially in the kernel of 
 fruits, it has been resolved, with assumption of 
 water, into laevo- and dextro-glucose. (Dubrun- 
 faut, Berthelot, Buignet [Gm.].) It is converted, 
 previous to fermentation, into uncrystallizable 
 sugar (Dubrunfaut, 1838), Isevo-rotatory sugar 
 (Persoz, C. R., 17. 755), grape-sugar (H. Hose, 
 Pogg. Ann., 52. 293 [Gin.]). The spontaneous 
 fermentation which sacchiferous vegetable juices 
 undergo on standing produces inversion of the 
 cane-sugar contained in them. (Biot, C. R., 15. 
 528 [Gin.].) 
 
 Uncrystallizable Sugar. Very deliquescent. 
 
 (Fruit- Sugar. Lavo- Glucose.) Readily soluble in 
 
 c ]2 1I 12 i2 water, and spirit ; 
 
 being more readily 
 
 soluble in the latter than ordinary (dextro-)glu- 
 cose. Insoluble in absolute alcohol or in ether. 
 
 Lavo- Glucose with Lime. 
 
 I.) Sparingly soluble in water. Decomposed 
 3 Ca 0, C 12 H 12 Oi 2 by water when exposed to light 
 and air. (Dubrunfaut.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 
 SUGAR OF GELATINE. Vid. Glycocoll. 
 
 GRAPE-SUGAR. Vid. Glucose. 
 
 MILK-SUGAR. Vid. Lactin. 
 
 All the sugars are very soluble in water. (Ber- 
 thelot.) Many of them are soluble in concen- 
 trated acetic acid. 
 
 SDGAE(CANE) with CHLORIDE OF SODIUM. 
 2 (C 12 H n O u ) ; Na Cl Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water. (Peligot. ) 
 
 SUGAR(CANE) with SULPHATE OF COPPER. 
 C, 2 HU O n , Cu 0, S O 3 + 4 Aq Soluble in water, the 
 solution undergoing 
 decomposition when boiled. (Barreswil.) 
 
 SUCRATE (Cane-Sugar) OF BARYTA. . 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 C 12 H u Ba O lt + Aq (Dubrunfaut.) 100 pts. of 
 water dissolve 2.1 pts. of it at 
 15 and 2.3 pts. at 100 ; or 1 pt. of it dissolves in 
 47.6 pts. of water at 15, and in 43.5 pts. of water 
 at 100; it beine more soluble than sucrate of 
 lime, No. III. '(Peligot, C. R, 1851, 32. 334.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol or wood -spirit. 
 
 II.) biacid.? Ppt, produced by alcohol in the 
 solution of No. I. (Brendecke.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF BARYTA & OF COPPER. Solu- 
 ble in water, the solution behaving like that of the 
 corresponding lime salt. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF BARYTA & of protoxide OF IRON. 
 Soluble in water, the solution behaving like that 
 of the lime salt. (Hunton, Phil. Mag. y 1837, (3.) 
 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF BARYTA & OF LEAD. Soluble 
 in water. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 
 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF COPPER & OF LIME. Perma- 
 nent. Readily soluble in water. When the aque- 
 ous solution is heated to 71 in a flat open vessel 
 a flaky blue precipitate separates, but this dis- 
 solves again completely as the solution cools. 
 If the solution is heated in a deep narrow-mouthed 
 vessel, however, as a test-tube, decomposition oc- 
 curs, some dinoxide of copper being precipitated. 
 Dinoxide of copper also separates, even in an 
 open vessel, if an excess of sugar be present, but 
 the presence of free alkali tends to retard this 
 deoxidation. If, instead of heating the solution, 
 it be left to itself, dinoxide of copper gradually 
 separates, more rapidly in closed than in open 
 test-tubes, and much more rapidly in solutions to 
 which an excess of sugar has been added ; but 
 I very slowly in those containing an excess of al- 
 : kali. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. pp. 153, 
 154.) Neither a solution of sugar nor of sucrate 
 of lime will by itself dissolve hydrate of copper, 
 j but when these solutions are mixed they readily 
 dissolve the hydrate, with combination. 
 
 SUCRATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. Sol- 
 uble in water, and no precipitate is formed on 
 heating, unless free sugar be present, in which 
 case dinoxide of copper falls down. (Hnnton, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF COPPER & OF SODA. Soluble 
 in water, and no precipitate is formed on heating 
 this solution, unless free sugar be present, in 
 which case dinoxide of copper is precipitated. 
 (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF COPPER & OF STRONTIA. Sol- 
 uble in water, the solution behaving like that of 
 the corresponding lime salt. (Hunton, Phil. May., 
 1837, (3 ) 11. 156.) 
 
574 
 
 SULPHACETATES. 
 
 SUCRATE of protoxide OF IRON. Very soluble 
 C,2 H 10 Fe O u ? in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Gladstone, J. C/i. Soc., 7. 196.) 
 SUCRATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF LIME. 
 Soluble in water, but the solution is very liable to 
 undergo decomposition, both in closed and open 
 vessels, carbonates of lime and iron being formed. 
 (Hunton, P/iil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 155.) 
 
 SUCRATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF POTASH. 
 Soluble in water. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, 
 (3.) 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF SODA. 
 Soluble in water. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF STRONTIA. 
 Soluble in water, the solution behaving like that 
 of the corresponding lime salt. (Hunton, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water, whether 
 Ci 2 H 9 Pbj Oj, cold or boiling. Easily soluble in 
 acids, and in an aqueous solution 
 of acetate of lead. Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of cane-sugar. 
 
 SUCRATE OF LEAD & OF LIME. Soluble in 
 
 water. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 155.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF LEAD & OF POTASH. Soluble 
 
 in water. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 
 
 156.) 
 
 SCCRATE OF LEAD & OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 156.) 
 SUCRATE OF LEAD & OF STRONTIA. Solu- 
 ble in water. (Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) mono. Very soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 C 12 H 10 Ca O u + Aq spirit of 85%, but soluble in 
 an alcoholic solution of sugar. 
 (Brendecke.) 
 
 When the aqueous solution is heated it becomes 
 cloudy, and finally coagulates completely if suf- 
 ficiently concentrated, the compound No. 3 being 
 precipitated (Peligot), but when the temperature is 
 allowed to fall this precipitate redissolves, the 
 liquid becoming perfectly limpid and transparent, 
 even before it is completely cold. (Lowitz, CrMs 
 Chem. Ann., 1. 347, cited by Schweigger, in his 
 Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys.. 5. 53; Osann, Gilbert's 
 Ann. der Phys., 1821, 69. 292, and Kastner's Ar- 
 chiu., 1824, 3. 212; Peligot, C. R., 1851. 32.333.) 
 The precipitate disappears on adding to the hot 
 liquid, cane-sugar, glucose, lactine, or mannite. 
 (Brendecke.) Dilute solutions of sucrate of lime 
 become turbid at 80, and more concentrated solu- 
 tions at 100*; no precipitate is formed on heating 
 very highly concentrated solutions. (Dubrun- 
 faut.) 
 II.) di. 
 
 a = C 12 HU O n , 2 (Ca 0, H 0) This compound 
 may be isolated by carefully evaporating the aque- 
 ous solution of sucrate of lime at temperatures 
 below 82, at which temperature it is insoluble in 
 water; or by adding alcohol, which precipitates it 
 from the aqueous solution. (Hunton, Phil. Mag. 
 1837, (3.) 11. 153.) 
 
 b C 12 H 9 Ca 2 O n + 2 Aq May be admitted, 
 according to Peligot, as the compound which 
 tends to be produced when lime is dissolved in a 
 solution of No. 1. 
 
 For the amounts of lime which can be dissolved 
 by solutions of sugar of different densities, see 
 Oxide of Calcium. 
 On attempting to saturate with lime a syrup 
 
 [ containing more than about 30% of sugar the so- 
 : lution becomes very viscous, and after a time 
 solidifies. An immediate precipitation of the 
 sugar may also be brought about by adding lime 
 to a syrup of 35 B., when a solid calcareous com- 
 pound is formed, which is insoluble, or only very 
 slightly soluble. But in both these cases the pre- 
 cipitate is mixed with an excess of free hydrate of 
 lime. (Peligot, C. E., 32. 336.) 
 
 III.) tri. Almost insoluble, either in cold or 
 
 C 12 H 9 CajO n , Ca 0, HO + 2 Aq in boiling water. 100 
 
 pts. of cold water dis- 
 
 solve less than 1 pt. of it ; and on heating this cold 
 saturated solution half of the sucrate which it con- 
 tains is precipitated ; hence at least 200 pts. of boiling 
 water arc required in order to dissolve 1 pt. of this 
 compound. It is consequently less soluble than 
 the baryta salt. Very soluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of cane-sugar. (Pe'ligot, C. R., 1851, 32. 
 pp. 333, 334.) See also above, under No. I. 
 
 IV.) sesgui? Readily soluble in water, a pre- 
 
 2 C, 2 H n O n , 3 Ca cipitate being formed when 
 
 this solution is heated. Insol- 
 
 uble in alcohol or spirit. (Brendecke.) Soluble 
 
 in an alcoholic solution of sugar. (Soubeiran.) 
 
 Pe'ligot disproves the existence of this com- 
 pound (Soubeiran's). Compare Berthelot, Ann. 
 Ch. etPhys., (3.) 46. 180.) A saturated solution 
 of lime in sugar-water having been boiled contin- 
 ually during 2 hours over a free fire, the water 
 being replaced as it evaporated, no uncrystalliz- 
 able sugar was formed. (Hochstetter, J. pr. Ch., 
 1843, 29. 27.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 SUCRATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 
 C ]2 H 10 K O u -f Aq ? water. Scarcely soluble in 
 
 alcohol, but readily soluble in 
 
 an alcoholic solution of sugar. (Brendecke ; 
 
 compare Hunton, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 156.) 
 
 SUCRATE OF SODA. Similar to the Potash 
 C 12 H 10 Na O n -f Aq ? Compound. 
 
 SUCRATE OF STRONTIA. Efflorescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 SUDORIC ACID. Soluble in absolute alcohol. 
 (Hydrotic Add.) The salts of sudoric acid are all 
 c io H 9 N0 14 soluble in water, and in absolute 
 alcohol, excepting the silver salt. 
 
 SUDORATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in absolute 
 C, H 8 Ag N O u alcohol. 
 
 jTfonoSuLHYposuLPHURic ACID. Vid. tri- 
 Thionic Acid. 
 
 .Bt'SuLHYPOSULPHURic ACID. Vid. tetraThi- 
 onic Acid. 
 
 7'erSuLHTposuLPHURic ACID. Vid. Penta- 
 th ionic Acid. 
 
 ACID. Very deliquescent. Sol- 
 
 (SuJphAcetylic Acid.) uble in water. 
 
 C 4 H 4 S 2 10 = C 4 H I 2 '',2HO,S 2 6 The metallic 
 
 salts of sul- 
 
 phacetic acid all appear to be soluble in water. 
 Alcohol precipitates them from the aqueous solu- 
 tion. 
 
 SuLPHAcETATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water, from which it is precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of alcohol. (Melsens.) 
 
 SULPHACETATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water, from which solu- 
 
 C 4 H 2 Ba s S 2 10 + 3 Aq tion it is precipitated on 
 
 the addition of alcohol. 
 
 There appears to be two or more different salts. 
 When it has been deposited as an amorphous 
 
SULPHANILATES. 
 
 575 
 
 powder, it is very difficult to redissolve it ; and 
 after having been dried at 250, it is still more 
 difficultly soluble in water. In both cases, how- 
 ever, it is immediately dissolved when treated with 
 chlorhydric acid (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Plujs., 
 (3.) 10. 373.) 
 
 SuLPHAcETATE of protoxide OF IRON. Solu- 
 ble in water, from which solution it is precipitated 
 on the addition of alcohol. (Melsens, loc. cit.) 
 
 SuLPHAcETATK OF LEAD. Permanent. Sol- 
 C t H 2 Pb, S 2 10 uble in water, from which it is 
 precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. (Melsens, he. cit.) 
 
 SULPHACETATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. (Melsens, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHACETATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Soluble in water, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of alcohol. (Melsens, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHACETATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 2 K, S 2 10 - 2 Aq ter, especially when this is 
 hot. 
 
 SULPHACETATE OF SILVER. Soluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 2 Ag 2 S 2 0, ter, from which it is precipitated 
 on the addition of alcohol. (Mel- 
 sens, foe. cit.) 
 
 RuLpnAcETATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 (Melsens, loc. cit.) 
 
 SuLPHAcEToTnYMic ACID. Vid. Thymyl- 
 Sulph Acetic Acid. 
 
 SuLpnAcEToViNic ACID. Soluble in water, 
 and absolute alcohol. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 10.377.) 
 
 SlJLPHAcETOVlNATE OF SlLVER. HygrO- 
 
 C s H 2 Ag 2 S 4 12 scopic. More soluble than sulph- 
 acetate of silver in water. Sol- 
 uble in hot, less soluble in cold absolute alcohol. 
 (Melsens, loc. cit.) 
 
 SuLPnAcETYLic Aciu. Vid. Ethionic Acid. 
 
 SULPHALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of Sulph- 
 Acetyl. 
 
 SuLpnALLYLANiLiNlJREA. Vid. Phenyl- 
 Thiosinamin. 
 
 SULPHAMIC ACID. 
 
 N H 3 S 2 6 = N 
 
 . 0, H 
 
 SULPHAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 (Laurent, in his Chemical Method, p. 250.) 
 
 SULPHAMATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 (Laurent, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHAMATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 (Laurent, loc. cit., p. 251.) 
 
 SULPHAMATE OF METHYL. Very deliques- 
 (SulphoMtthylane.') cent . Miscible, in all pro- 
 
 N J ^ * H , \ 2 portions, with water. 
 
 SULPHAMATE OF SILVER. Soluble in water. 
 (Laurent, loc. cit., p. 250.) 
 
 I.) SULPHAMID. Soluble in 9 pts. of cold wa- 
 (Sulpliate of Amman, of H. Rose.) ter. Perma- 
 
 a = (N H 8 S 3 ) or N 2 J ^ " + 2 H nent. D e - 
 
 composed by 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 
 a) pulverulent. ) There are two forms of this 
 $) crystalline. ) compound, both of which are 
 soluble, without decomposition, in cold water, but 
 when the aqueous solution is heated higher than 
 50 the compound is converted into sulphate of 
 ammonium (N H 4 O, S O s ) ; this transformation 
 is especially rapid when the solution is boiled, and 
 
 is more readily effected with the amorphous than 
 with the crystalline variety. The presence of free 
 acids generally accelerates the transformation. 
 (H. Rose, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 299.) 
 
 6 = Sulpliamid (of Regnault). Very deli- 
 ^ < H 4 quescent. Almost equally soluble 
 
 2 < 2 <V with chloride of ammonium in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 II.) Sulphamid (of Jacquelain). Permanent. 
 "3N 2 H 6 , 4 S 3 " Very soluble in water with re- 
 duction of temperature. Alco- 
 hol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. Sol- 
 uble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, decom- 
 posing when the solution is heated. (Jacquelain, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. pp. 301, 306, 309.) 
 
 SULPHAMID (No. 2) with AMMONIA & BARY- 
 TA. Sparingly soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alkaline water. Completely dissolved by dilute 
 chlorhydric acid, which retains it only for a few 
 minutes, however. Decomposed by warm con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Jacquelain, loc. cit., 
 pp. 306, 309.) 
 
 SULPHAMID (No. 2) with BARYTA. Insoluble 
 " (N 2 H 8 , 2 Ba 0) 3 S 8 " [or very sparingly solu- 
 ble 1] in water or in alco- 
 hol. (Jacquelain, loc. cit., p. 304.) 
 
 SULPHAMID (No. 2) & LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. (Jacquelain, loc. cit., p. 307.) 
 
 SULPHAMID (No. 1) with SULPHATE OF AM- 
 N H 3 , S 3 ; N H 4 0, S O 8 MONIA. Deliquescent. 
 Very easily soluble in 
 water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 SULPHAMIDONIC ACID. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water. The aqueous solution decomposes 
 readily. Its salts are soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHAMIDONATE OF BARYTA. Easily Sol- 
 
 uble in water, the solution undergoing decompo- 
 sition when heated. 
 
 SULPH AMIDONATE OF LEAD. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 OF LIME. Soluble in 
 water, from which it is precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of alcohol. 
 
 SULPHAMYLIC ACID. Vid. AmylSulphuric 
 Acid. 
 
 SuLPHAMYLSuLPHURic ACID. Vid. Amyl- 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 ACID. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (PhenylSulphamic Acid. A nili* Sulphuric Acid.) cold 
 
 in boil- 
 
 ing water. Less soluble in alcohol than in water. 
 (Gerhardt.) 
 
 SULPHANILATE OF AMMONIA. Very soluble 
 Ci 2 H 6 (N H 4 ) N S 2 6 in water. 
 
 SULPHANILATE OF ANILIN. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SULPHANILATE OF BARYTA. Tolerably sol- 
 C 12 H 6 Ba N S 2 O 6 uble in water. 
 
 SULPHANILATE OF COPPER. Soluble in wa- 
 C 12 H Cu N S 2 8 + 4 Aq ter. 
 
 SULPHANILATE OF SILVER. Soluble in wa- 
 C 12 H N Ag S 2 8 ter. 
 
 SULPHANILATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, 
 C 12 H 6 Na JM S, 6 + 2 Aq and in boiling alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. 
 
576 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATES. 
 
 5/SuLPHANiLic ACID. Easily soluble in wa- 
 C u H 7 N S 4 12 = C 12 H, N, 4 8 8 ter. Insoluble in 
 alcohol or ether. 
 '(Buckton & Hofmann.) 
 
 .Bi'StJLPiiANiLATE OF BARYTA. Easily solu- 
 C 13 H 5 Baj N S 4 12 ble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 
 cohol or ether. 
 
 BiSuLpnANiLATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 C 12 HB Ag 2 N S 4 O 12 water. Insoluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Buckton & Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 SULPHANILID. Tolerably soluble in water. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 it is reprecipitated on the addition of water. (Ger- 
 hardt, Ann. Ch. etP/iys., (3.) 15. 92.) 
 
 SULPHANISIC ACID. Permanent. Soluble 
 (AnisSulphuric jicid.) jn water. Insoluble in 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 Soc., 10. 214.) 
 
 SDLPHANISATE OF AMMONIA. 
 water. 
 
 SULPHANISATE OF BARYTA. Readily soluble 
 Cj 6 H 6 Ba 2 S 2 12 + 2 Aq & 8 Aq in water, but be- 
 comes less soluble 
 
 after repeated crystallization. (Zervas.) Easily 
 soluble in water, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of alcohol. (Limpricht.) 
 
 SULPHANISATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, some- 
 C 19 H 6 Pb 2 S 2 O t2 + 2 Aq & 8 Aq what more readily 
 soluble in hot water. 
 
 By repeated crystallization its solubility is dimin- 
 ished. Insoluble in alcohol. (Zervas.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in cold and in hot 
 C lfl H 7 Pb S 2 0, 2 + 2 Aq water. 
 
 SULPHANISATE OF MAGNESIA. Readily sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 SULPHANISATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SULPHANISATE OF SILVER. Somewhat diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water. (Zervas,) Sparingly 
 soluble in water, especially after recrystallization. 
 (Limpricht.) 
 
 SULPHANISOLIC ACID. Vid. Sulphate of 
 Toluenyl, No. II. 
 
 B/SULPHANISOLIC ACID. 
 C 14 H 8 S l 14 
 
 OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C M H 6 Ba 2 S 4 14 + 2 Aq water. 
 
 fit'SuLPiiANisoLATE OF LEAD. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble, in alco- 
 hol. (Zervas, J. Ch. Soc., 1O. 215.) 
 
 SULPHANISOLID. Vid. Sulphate of Tolue- 
 nyl, No. I. 
 
 SULPHANISYLOUS ACID. Vid. Hydride of 
 SulphAnisyl. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIC ACID. Vid. quinquiSul- 
 Sb 85 phide of Antimony. The alkaline salts of 
 sulphantimonic acid are soluble in water, 
 but these solutions slowly undergo decomposition 
 when exposed to the air. Most of the sulphanti- 
 moniates of the metals proper are insoluble in 
 water. All sulphantimoniates are insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SuLPIlANTIMONIATE OF AMMONIUM. Sol- 
 
 3 N H 4 S, Sb 85 uble in cold water, free from air. 
 Decomposed by hot water. De- 
 composed by alcohol, ether, and acids. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF BARIUM. Soluble 
 
 3 Ba S,Sb S 5 + 6 Aq in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF BISMUTH. 
 Bi S 3 , Sb S s 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 3 Cd S, Sb S 5 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF CALCIUM. Partially 
 3CaS, Sb S 5 soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF COBALT. Ppt. De- 
 3 Co S, Sb Ss composed by chlorhydric acid. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 3 Cu S, Sb 85 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF COPPER & OF IRON. 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF IRON. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF LEAD. Decomposed 
 3 Pb S, Sb S 5 by an aqueous solution of caustic 
 
 potash. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF MAGNESIUM. Deli- 
 3 M S, Sb S 5 quescent. Soluble in water. De- 
 composed by alcohol. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 3 Mu S, Sb S 5 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE of disulphide OF MER- 
 3Hg 2 S,SbS 5 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE of protosulphide OF MER- 
 3HgS, SbS 3 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF NICKEL. Decom- 
 3 Ni S, Sb Sg posed by hot chlorhydric acid. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF POTASSIUM. Deli- 
 3 K S, SbS B +9Aq quesces, with decomposition. 
 Soluble in water. More solu- 
 ble in water than the sodium salt. (Rammels- 
 berg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF SILVER. Insoluble 
 3AgS, Sb 85 in water. Decomposed by an aque- 
 ous solution of caustic potash. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF SODIUM. 
 
 (Schlippe's salt.) 
 3 Na S, Sb S s + 18 Aq 
 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of cold water (Van den Corput) ; 
 4 " (Duflos); 
 
 " 2.9 pts. of water at 15 (Rammelsberg) ; 
 " 1 pt. of boilingwater( Duflos). 
 Insoluble in alcohol, (Van den Corput); 
 
 or in dilute alcohol. (Rammelsberg). 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF STRONTIUM. Solu- 
 3 Sr S, Sb S 6 ble in water. Alcohol precipitates a 
 dense oily liquid when added to the 
 aqueous solution. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE of protosulphide OF TIN. 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF URANIUM. 
 SULPHANTIMONIATE OF ZINC. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in a boiling aqueous solu- 
 3 Zn S, Sb 85 tion of sulphantimoniate of sodium ; 
 insoluble in a solution of sulphate of 
 zinc. Partially soluble, with decomposition, in a 
 solution of caustic potash. Soluble in boiling 
 chlorhydric acid. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONIOUS ACID. Vid. terSulphide 
 SbS s of Antimony. The alkaline sulphantimo- 
 nites are decomposed by water, the sulphide 
 of the alkali in combination with a small quantity 
 of the tersulphide of amimo/iy dissolving, while 
 the greater part of the latter remains undissolved. 
 (Bcrzelius's Lehrb., 2. 299.) 
 
SULPHARSENIATES. 
 
 577 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OP BARIUM. Partially 
 soluble in water. (Pagenstecher.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE of disulphide OF COPPER. 
 Cu 2 S, Sb So 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Soluble, with decomposition, in cold chlor- 
 Fe S, Sb S 3 hydric acid. 
 
 II.) 3FeS, 2SbS 3 
 
 III.) 3FeS,4SbS 3 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF LEAD. Soluble, 
 
 with decomposition, in hot concentrated chlorhy- 
 dric and nitric acids. 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF LEAD & OF SILVER. 
 
 3 Pb S, 2 Ag S, 2 Sb S 3 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF POTASSIUM. Deli- 
 5 K S, 2 Sb S 3 + 10 Aq ; quescent. Those sam- 
 or rather, (K S)^, (Sb Sj)^ pl e s which contain an 
 excess of the alkaline 
 
 sulphide are completely soluble in water, while 
 those which contain an excess of Sb Ss are par- 
 tially insoluble. The aqueous solution is decom- 
 posed by all acids, including carbonic acid, and 
 by solutions of the carbonates of potash and soda, 
 and the bicarbonates of potash, soda, and ammo- 
 nia. The crystalline salt is insoluble in absolute 
 alcohol, but is dissolved by dilute alcohol in pro- 
 portion to the water which this contains. (Kohl.) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF SILVER. 
 Various compounds from Ag S, Sb S 3 to 6 Ag S, Sb S 3 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) Deliquescent. Decomposed by hot water. 
 Those samples which contain an excess of Na S 
 are entirely soluble in water, but those in which 
 Sb S 3 predominates are only partially soluble. 
 
 II.) Permanent. Easily soluble in water. In- 
 
 4 Na S ; 3 Sb S 3 + 3 Aq soluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 (Kohl.) 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF STIB^/AMYL. Insol- 
 
 cv, ( ,n u\a o OK o u ble in water, alcohol, or 
 Sb)(C 10 H 11 ) 3 S 2 ,2 k bS 3 ether BerM) 
 
 SULPHANTIMONITE OF STIE^'ETHYL. Ppt. 
 C M H 15 Sb s S 8 =Sb j (C 4 H 5 ) 3 S 2 , 2 Sb S 3 
 
 SULPHARSENIC ACID. Vid. (/uinqw'Sulphide 
 AsS 5 of Arsenic. The sulpharseniates of the alka- 
 lies and alkaline earths are soluble in water, 
 but the others, with a few exceptions, are insolu- 
 ble. The solution may be readily preserved when 
 concentrated, but when dilute it is slowly decom- 
 posed. 
 
 SuLPnARSENIATE OF ALUMINUM. Ppt. (Ber- 
 
 zelius [T.].) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) iris. Tolerably permanent. Soluble in 
 3 N H 4 S, As S 5 water. Sparingly soluble in al- 
 
 cohol. (Berzelius.) 
 II.) di. Soluble in water, and in ammonia- 
 
 2 N H 4 S, As S B water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 
 zelius.) 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 N H 4 S, As S 5 
 
 IV.) peracid. Insoluble in water. 
 N H 4 S, 12 As S B 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF AMMONIUM & OF MAG- 
 N H 4 S, 2MgS, AsS s NESIUM. Easily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF AMMONIUM & OF So- 
 
 3 N H 4 S, As SB ; 3 Na S, As S 5 DiUM. Permanent. 
 
 Much more easily 
 
 soluble in water than the sodium-salt by itself. 
 73 
 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, more soluble in hot 
 spirit. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF BARIUM. 
 
 I.) iris. Easily soluble in water. Sparingly 
 3 Ba S, As 85 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in all proportions in water. 
 2 Ba S, As S s Decomposed by alcohol. 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Ba S, As S 5 
 
 IV.) add. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Ba S, 3 As 85 (?) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF BISMUTH. 
 I.) 2 Bi S 3 , 3 As 85 ) Soluble in an aqueous so- 
 il.) Bi S 3) 3 As 85 > lution of sulpharseniatc of 
 ) sodium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 2 Cd S, As 85 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF CALCIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. Easily soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 3CaS, As S a alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in. water, 
 2CaS, As 85 and alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE of protosulphide OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. ) 
 
 II.) di. [ Ppts. 
 2 Ce S, As S 5 ) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE ofsesguisulphideOF CERIUM. 
 2Ce 2 S 3 , 3 As S 5 Slightly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 SOLPHARSENIATE of sesquisulphide OF CHRO- 
 2Cr 2 S.,,3AsS 5 MIUM. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) di. Soluble in an aqueous solution of sulph- 
 2 Co S, As S 5 arseniate of sodium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) di. Soluble, for the most part, in an aque- 
 2 Cu S, As Sg ous solution of sulphide of ammo- 
 nium. (Anthon.) Ammonia-water, 
 when very dilute, takes up only the As 8.5, but 
 when stronger dissolves also some Cu S. (Gme- 
 lin.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF GLUCINUM. Somewhat 
 2 G1 2 S 8 , 3 As Sg soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF GOLD. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. Insoluble in an aqueous 
 AuS 3 , As SB solution of trisulpharseniate of so- 
 dium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. Insoluble in an aque- 
 2 AuS 3 , 3 As S 6 ous solution of disulpharseniate of 
 sodium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE of protosulphide OF IRON. 
 2FeS, As S 5 Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 di or trisulpharseniate of sodium. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE of sesquisulphide OF IRON. 
 2Fe 2 S 3 ,3AsS 5 Partially soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of di or trisulpharseniate 
 of sodium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) tris. Ppt. 
 
 II.) di. Ppt. 
 
 2 Pb S, As S s 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF LITHIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. Easily soluble in water. Sparingly 
 
 3 Li S, As Sg soluble in dilute alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. Completely soluble in 
 2 Li S, As 85 water. Decomposed by alcohol. 
 III.) arid. 1 Similar to the correspond- 
 
 IV.) hyperacid. } ing sodium-salts. 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
578 
 
 SULPHARSENITES. 
 
 I.) iris. Hygroscopic. Soluble in water. De- 
 3 Mg S, As S 5 composed by alcohol, which dissolves 
 
 out No. 2. 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. Soluble in water in all 
 2MgS, As 85 proportions. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) polybasic. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) di. Somewhat soluble in water. 
 2 Mn S, As S B 
 
 II.) tri. Permanent. Somewhat soluble in 
 3MnS, As 85 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE of disulphide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) di. Ppt. 
 
 2 Hg 2 S, As S 5 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE of protosulphide OF MER- 
 2HgS, AsS 5 CURY. Ppt. 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF NICKEL. 
 I.) tris. 1 Ppts. Soluble in an aqueous so- 
 
 3 Ni S, As SB | lution of sulpharseniate of sodium. 
 
 II.) di. \ Insoluble in chlorhydric acid. (Ber- 
 23SM S, As SB j zelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE of bisulphide OF PLATINUM. 
 PtSj, AsS 5 Soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. In- 
 3 K S, As SB soluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. Al- 
 2 K S, As S B cohol precipitates a strong aqueous 
 solution of No. 1. 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 K S, As 85 
 
 IV.) peracid. Insoluble in water. 
 K S, 12 As S 5 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF POTASSIUM & OF SO- 
 DIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) tris. } 
 3AgS, As S 3 I p ts 
 
 II.) di. f 
 
 2 Ag S, As S 5 J 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. Permanent. Easily and abundantly 
 
 3 Na S, As S 6 -f 15 Aq soluble in water, especially 
 
 if this be warm. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) di. Hygroscopic. Soluble in water. Al- 
 2NaS, As 85 cohol precipitates No. 1 from the 
 aqueous solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 III.) mono. Soluble in alcohol, and is known 
 Na S, As S 3 only in alcoholic solution. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 IV.) peracid. Insoluble in water. 
 Na 8,12 As 85 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF STRONTIUM. 
 I.) tris. Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Easily soluble in water. Alcohol 
 2SrS, As SB precipitates No. 1 from the aqueous 
 
 solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 SULPHARSENIATE of protosulphide OF TIN. 
 2 Sn S, As 85 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE of bisulphide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 Sn S 2 , As SB 
 
 SCLPHARSENIATE of sesquisnlphide OF URA- 
 2Ur a S 3 , AsS 5 NIUM. Ppt. Soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of sulpharseniate of 
 sodium , as is also the trisalt. 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF YTTRIUM. Slightly 
 
 2 Y S, As 85 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF ZINC. 
 I.) tris. Ppt. 
 
 3 Zn S, As 85 
 
 II.) di. Ppt. 
 
 2 Zn S, As 85 
 
 III.) mono. 
 Zn S, As 85 
 
 SULPHARSENIATE OF ZIRCONIUM. Insoluble 
 
 2 Zr 2 S 3 , 3 As S 5 in water. It is no* in the least 
 
 acted upon by acids. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb. } 
 
 SuLpnARSENious ACID. Vid. terSulphidc of. 
 As S 3 The only sulpharsenites which are soluble 
 in water are those which contain the alkaline 
 and alkaline-earthy sulphides, or sulphide of mag- 
 nesium ; and even these are decomposed by wa- 
 ter, unless this is present in considerable quantity. 
 Hence the solutions are decomposed by evapora- 
 tion. 
 
 SuLPIlARSENITE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) tri. Decomposes in the air. Soluble in 
 
 3 N H 4 S, As S 3 water, or at least in an aqueous 
 
 solution of sulphide of ammonium. 
 Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble, in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. Alcohol, when 
 2NH 4 S, As 83 added to the aqueous solution, 
 
 precipitates the tri (No. 1) salt. 
 (Ibid.) 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF BARIUM. 
 
 I. ) tri. Difficultly soluble in water. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 II.) di. Difficultly soluble in water. Decom- 
 2 Ba S, As S 3 posed by alcohol. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. 
 
 2 Bi S 3 , 3 As S 8 
 SULPHARSENITE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 
 2 Cd S, As S 3 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF CALCIUM. 
 
 I.) tri. Soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 
 3 Ca S, As S 3 4- 15 Aq hoi. 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. Alcohol precipi- 
 2 Ca S, As S 3 tates the tri-salt from the aqueous 
 solution, but also dissolves a portion 
 of the disalt. (Berzelius, Lehrb. ,3. 429.) 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF CERIUM. Very slightly 
 2 Ce S, As S 3 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of sesqnisulphide OF CHRO- 
 2Cr 2 S 3 , 3 As S 3 MIUM. Ppt. Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of sulphide of 
 sodium. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF COBALT. Soluble in an 
 
 2 Co S, AsS 3 aqueous solution of sulpharsenite of 
 
 sodium. (Berzelius.) 
 SULPHARSENITE OF COPPER. 
 I.) tris. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 
 3 Uu S, As S s alkaline arscnites. 
 
 II.) di. Ppt. 
 
 2 Cu S, As S 3 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 12 Cu S, As S 3 the alkaline sulphides. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF GLUCINUM. Slightly 
 
 Gl 2 S s ,AsS z soluble in water. Decomposed by 
 
 ammonia-water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of tersulphide OF GOLD. In- 
 2 Au S s , 3 As S 3 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of protosulphide OF IRON. 
 
 2FeS, As S 3 Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 
 sulpharsenite of sodium. (Berzelius.) 
 
SULPHURIC ACID, 
 
 579 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of sesquisulphide OF IRON. 
 2 Fe, S 3 , 3 As S 3 Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 sulpharsenite of sodium. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF LEAD. 
 I.) di. Ppt. 
 . 2 Pb S, As S 3 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF LITHIUM. Similar to 
 2 Li S, As S 3 the potassium compounds. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF MAGNESIUM. Easily 
 
 2 Mg S, As S 3 soluble in water. Decomposed 
 
 when treated with a small quantity 
 of water, and also when the aqueous solution is 
 evaporated. Easily soluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. De- 
 
 3 Mn S, As S 3 composed by chlorhydric acid. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of bisulphide OF MOLYBDE- 
 NUM. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of disulphide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) di. Ppt. 
 2 IIg 2 S, As S 3 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of protosulphide OF MER- 
 CURY. 
 
 I.) di. Ppt. 
 2 Hg S, As S 3 
 
 II.) mono. 
 Hg S, As S s 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 
 2 Ni S, As S s 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of bisulphide OF PLATINUM. 
 Pt S 2 , As S 3 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I) tris. Soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 
 3 K S, As S 3 hoi. Decomposed when treated with 
 
 a small quantity of water, and also 
 when the aqueous solution is evaporated. 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. Decomposed by 
 2 K S, As S, alcohol. Decomposed by evapora- 
 tion, and by small quantities of water, 
 like No. 1. 
 
 III.) mono. Soluble in water, and in alcohol. 
 
 K 8, As S 3 
 
 IV.) peracid. Insoluble in water. 
 K S, x As S 3 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF SILVER. 
 
 I sulphide of sodium. Not decomposed by acids. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPIIAURATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in 
 
 (AuroSulphate of Potash.) water. (Yorke, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 244.) 
 
 SuLpnAuRATE OF SODIUM. Decomposes in 
 Na S, Au S -f- 8 Aq the air. Very soluble in water. 
 Soluble in spirit. (Yorke, loc. 
 cit., p. 240.) 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID (Anhydrous). Miscible in 
 
 S O g all proportions in water, dissolving therein 
 
 with evolution of much heat. Soluble in 
 
 strong acetic acid. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 (Oil ofVitrivl.) 
 
 a = monoJiydrated. Sp. gr. = 1.848. It boils 
 HO, S0 3 at 288 (Henry), at 327 (Dalton). 
 Miscible in all proportions with water, 
 alcohol, and strong vinegar. 
 
 b = bihydrated. Sp.gr. = 1.780. 
 2HO,S0 3 
 
 c = 3 H 0, S O s Sp. gr. = 1.6321. It boils at 
 163@170. (Liebig.) 
 
 Alkaline solutions dis- 
 solve out As 83. Par- 
 tially soluble, with de- 
 composition, in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Similar to 
 
 I.) 3AgS, AsS 3 
 TI.) 2AgS, As S 3 
 III.) AgS,AsS 3 
 IV'.) 12AgS, AsSg 
 RULPHARSENITE OF SODIUM. 
 
 the potassium compounds. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 I.) tris. Soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 3 ("a S, As S 3 + 15 Aq hoi. ( Voigt & Goettling.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in water. Decomposed by 
 ali'ohol. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of protosulphide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 2 Sn S, As 83 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of bisulphide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 Sn S 2 , As S 3 
 
 SULPHARSENITE of sesquisulphide OF URA- 
 
 2Ur a S 3 , AsSg KIUM. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF YTTRIUM. Partially 
 2 Y S, As S 3 soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 sulphide of sodium. 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 2ZnS, As 8, 
 
 SULPHARSENITE OF ZIRCONIUM. Slightly 
 2 7r 2 S s , As S 3 soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 
 An aqueous Solution of Sp. Gr. 
 at 15 at 25 
 
 0.998635 
 
 . 0.995478 
 
 
 1.011532 
 
 1.028375 
 
 1.027204 
 
 1.065856 
 
 1.060449 
 
 1.099755 
 
 
 1.137816 
 
 1.131126 
 
 1. 176687 
 
 
 1.215421 
 
 1.207842 
 
 1.256211 
 
 
 1.297562 
 
 1.286807 
 
 1.340860 
 
 
 1.386607 
 
 1.377973 
 
 1.434725 
 
 
 1.486006 
 
 1.476711 
 
 1.540191 
 
 
 1.594626 
 
 1.586291 
 
 1.653449 
 
 
 1.709026 
 
 1.699580 
 
 1.760161 
 
 
 1.804971 
 
 1.793986 
 
 1.831763 
 
 
 1.840556 
 
 1.828646 
 
 Contains Percent of 
 concentrated Sul- 
 phuric Acid. 
 
 
 2.5 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 50 
 55 
 60 
 65 
 70 
 75 
 80 
 85 
 90 
 95 
 . 100 
 
 (Delezenne, from Recueil des travaux de la Soc. 
 de Sci. Agric. et Arts, de Lille, 1823- 1824, p. 1, 
 in Fe'russac's Bulletin, 1827,8. 133.) 
 
 Quantities of monohydrated Acid (HO, 80s) in 
 aqueous Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Sp Or. 
 
 HO,SO, 
 
 Sp. Gr. 
 
 HO, SOg 
 
 atO. 
 
 percent. 
 
 atO. 
 
 percent. 
 
 1 .000 . 
 
 
 
 1.336 
 
 42.2* 
 
 1.028 
 
 3.86* 
 
 1.362 
 
 45. 
 
 1.035 
 
 5. 
 
 1.399 
 
 48.9* 
 
 1.051 
 
 7.1* 
 
 1.410 
 
 50. 
 
 1.073 
 
 10. 
 
 1.460 
 
 55. 
 
 1.086 
 
 11.7* 
 
 1.475 
 
 56.4 
 
 1.112 
 
 15. 
 
 1.514 
 
 60. 
 
 1.131 
 
 17.5* 
 
 1.553 
 
 63.4* 
 
 1.151 
 
 20. 
 
 1.570 
 
 65. 
 
 1.162 
 
 21.4* 
 
 1.581 
 
 66. 
 
 1.192 
 
 25. 
 
 1.593 
 
 67. 
 
 1.232 
 
 30. 
 
 1.600 
 
 67.6* 
 
 1 .250 
 
 32.2* 
 
 1.605 
 
 68. 
 
 1.274 
 
 35. 
 
 1.608 
 
 68.2* 
 
 1.317 . 
 
 40. 
 
 1.617 
 
 69. 
 
580 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 Sp. Gr. HO, SO 3 Sp. Gr. HO, S0 3 
 
 Percent of mono- 
 
 
 Percent of an- 
 
 at 0. percent. . at 0. percent. 
 
 hydrated acid, 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 at 15. 
 
 hydrous acid, 
 
 .628 . 70. 1.781 . 83. 
 
 HO, SO S . 
 
 
 S0 3 . 
 
 .632 70.3* 1.791 84. 
 
 76 ... 
 
 1.6860 . 
 
 62.04 
 
 .640 71. 1.792 84.1* 
 
 75 
 
 1 6750 
 
 61.22 
 
 .643 71.3* 1.800 85. 
 
 74 
 
 1.6630 
 
 60.40 
 
 .648 71.7* 1.808 86. 
 
 73 
 
 1.6510 
 
 59.59 
 
 .652 72. 1.813 86.6* 
 
 72 
 
 1.6390 
 
 58.77 
 
 .663 72.9* 1.816 87. 
 
 71 
 
 1.6370 
 
 57.95 
 
 .664 73. 1.823 88. 
 
 70 
 
 1.6150 
 
 57.14 
 
 .666 73.1* 1.828 88.4* 
 
 69 
 
 1.6040 
 
 56.32 
 
 .6675 73.3* 1.830 89. 
 
 68 
 
 1.5920 
 
 55.59 
 
 .676 74. .836 90. 
 
 67 
 
 1.5800 
 
 54.69 
 
 .6775 74.2* .841 91. 
 
 66 
 
 1.5780 
 
 53.87 
 
 .685 74.7* .845 92. 
 
 65 
 
 1.5570 
 
 53.05 
 
 .688 75. .848 93. 
 
 64 
 
 1.5450 
 
 52.24 
 
 .6935 ' 75.5* .8495 93.5* 
 
 63 
 
 1.5340 
 
 51.42 
 
 .700 76. .850 94. 
 
 62 
 
 1.5230 
 
 50.61 
 
 .712 77. .851 94.5* 
 
 61 
 
 1.5120 
 
 49.79 
 
 .724 78. .852 95. 
 
 60 
 
 1.501 
 
 48.98 
 
 .729 78.4* .853 96." 
 
 59 
 
 1.490 
 
 48.16 
 
 .736 79. .8545 97.* 
 
 58 
 
 1.480 
 
 47 34 
 
 .748 80. .855 98. 
 
 57 
 
 1.469 
 
 46.53 
 
 .750 80.2* .856 98.5* 
 
 56 
 
 1.4586 
 
 45.71 
 
 .759 81. .8564 99. 
 
 55 
 
 1.448 
 
 44.89 
 
 1.770 . 82. .857 . 100. 
 
 54 
 
 1.438 
 
 44.07 
 
 The following data are given for the purpose of 
 
 53 
 
 1.428 
 
 43.26 
 
 correcting observations made at any temperature 
 
 52 
 
 1.418 
 
 42.45 
 
 above 0. 
 
 51 
 
 1.408 
 
 41.63 
 
 
 50 
 
 1.398 
 
 40.81 
 
 Sp. Gr. of the Decrease of the sp. gr. by a 
 
 49 
 
 1.3886 
 
 40.00 
 
 acid at C. "^go j, mp ' 
 
 48 
 
 1.3790 
 
 39.18 
 
 
 47 
 
 1.3700 
 
 38.36 
 
 1.04 0.002 
 
 | 
 
 1 n ** t 
 
 
 .07 0.003 
 
 4o 
 45 
 
 1.3610 
 1.3510 
 
 37.55 
 36.73 
 
 .10 0.004 
 
 44 
 
 1.3420 
 
 35.82 
 
 .15 0005 
 
 43 
 
 1.3330 
 
 35.10 
 
 .20 0.006 
 
 42 
 
 1.3240 
 
 34 28 
 
 .30 0.007 
 
 41 
 
 1.3150 
 
 33.47 
 
 .45 0.008 
 
 40 
 
 1.3060 
 
 32.65 
 
 .70 0.009 
 
 39 
 
 1.2976 
 
 31.83 
 
 .85 0.0096 
 
 38 
 
 1.2890 
 
 31.02 
 
 (Bineau, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 337.) 
 
 37 
 
 1.2810 
 
 30.20 
 
 [* The numbers marked with a star are those which were 
 determined by direct experiment.] 
 
 36 
 35 
 
 1.2720 
 1.2640 
 
 29.38 
 28.57 
 
 From Bineau's data, Otto has calculated the 
 following table for the temperature of 15 C. 
 
 34 
 33 
 32 
 
 1.2560 
 1.2476 
 1.2390 
 
 27.75 
 26.94 
 26.12 
 
 Percent of mono- _ Percent of an- 
 
 31 
 
 1.231 
 
 2530 
 
 hydrated acid, Pifo hydrous acid, 
 HO,S0 3 . atl5 ' S0 3 . 
 
 30 
 29 
 
 1.223 
 1.215 
 
 24.49 
 23.67 
 
 100 .. . .8426 . . 81.63 
 
 28 
 
 1.2066 
 
 22.85 
 
 99 .8420 80.81 
 
 27 
 
 1.1980 
 
 22.03 
 
 98 .8406 80.00 
 
 26 
 
 1.1900 
 
 21.22 
 
 97 .8400 79.18 
 
 25 
 
 1.1820 
 
 20.40 
 
 96 .8384 78.36 
 
 24 
 
 1.1740 
 
 19.58 
 
 95 .8376 77.55 
 
 23 
 
 1.1670 
 
 18.77 
 
 94 .8356 76.73 
 
 22 
 
 1.1590 
 
 17.95 
 
 93 .8340 75.91 
 
 21 
 
 1.1516 
 
 17.14 
 
 92 1.8310 75.10 
 
 20 
 
 1.1440 
 
 16.32 
 
 91 1.8270 74.28 
 
 19 
 
 1.1360 
 
 15.51 
 
 90 1.8220 73.47 
 
 18 
 
 1.1290 
 
 14.69 
 
 89 .I860 72.65 
 
 17 
 
 1.1210 
 
 13.87 
 
 88 .8090 71.83 
 
 16 
 
 1.1136 
 
 13.06 
 
 87 .8020 71.02 
 
 15 
 
 1.1060 
 
 12.24 
 
 86 .7940 7010 
 
 14 
 
 1.0980 
 
 11.42 
 
 85 .7860 69.38 
 
 13 
 
 1.0910 
 
 10.61 
 
 84 .7770 68.57 
 
 12 
 
 1.0830 
 
 9.79 
 
 83 .7670 67.75 
 
 11 
 
 1.0756 
 
 8.98 
 
 82 1.7560 66.94 
 
 10 
 
 1.0680 
 
 8.16 
 
 81 1.7450 6R.12 
 
 9 
 
 1.0610 
 
 7.34 
 
 80 1.7340 65.30 
 
 8 
 
 1.0536 
 
 6.53 
 
 79 1.7220 64.48 
 
 7 
 
 1.0464 
 
 5.71 
 
 17100 6367 
 
 6 
 
 1.0390 
 
 4.89 
 
 77 ... 1.6980 . . 62.85 
 
 5 ... 
 
 1.0320 . 
 
 4.08 
 
SULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 Percent of mono- g Percent of an- 
 hydrated acid, F'llo' hydrous acid, 
 H 0, S 6 . S 3 . 
 
 4 ... 1.0256 .. . 3.260 
 3 1.0190 2.445 
 
 (Ure, Schweigger's Journ. Ch. u. Phys.,35. 444; 
 and Gmelin's handbook, 2. 137. Compare Lang- 
 berg's remarks in Report of the \7th meeting of the 
 British Association, Oxford, 1847, p. 1.) 
 
 2 1.0130 1.630 
 
 Sp. Gr. Percent H 0, S 3 . 
 
 1 ... 1.0064 . . 0.816 
 
 1.842 100 
 
 Gerlach (in his Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, p. 
 38) has calculated the following table from Bi- 
 
 1.725 84.22 
 1.618 74.32 
 
 neau's data. 
 
 1.524 66.45 
 
 
 1.466 58.02 
 
 A solution of Contains 
 n <m ntiv Percent of Percent of ,-, . 
 ep.gr. at 15. H 0, S0 3 S O s . 
 
 1.375 50.41 
 1.315 43.21 
 
 
 1.260 36.52 
 
 . 1.8426 . 100. . 81.633 H O, S 3 
 
 1.210 30.12 
 
 1.779 84.483 68.965 2 HO, SOs 
 
 1.162 24.01 
 
 1.652 73.137 59.701 3 HO, SOs 
 
 1.114 17.39 
 
 1.552 64.474 52.632 4 HO, SOs 
 
 1.076 11.73 
 
 1.477 57.647 47.059 5 H O, S Os 
 
 1.023 ... 6 60 
 
 1.419 52.128 42.553 6 HO, SOs 
 
 
 1.376 47.572 38.835 7 H O, S Os 
 
 (Vauquelin, Ann. Chim., 76. 260; in Gnielin's 
 
 .1.339 43.661 35.714 8 H O, S Os 
 
 Handbook, 2. 186.) 
 
 1.310 40.495 33.057 9 H O, S Os 
 1.286 . 37.693 . 30.769 10 HO, SOs 
 
 Sp. Gr. Percent of Boiling 
 (at 15.56). S 3 point. 
 
 S D n r Percentage of 
 S0 3 HO, SO S 
 
 1.8485 . . 81.54 ... 100 
 
 .850 .... 81 ... 326.66 
 .849 80 318.33 
 .848 79 310 
 
 1.8460 79.90 98 
 1.8410 78.28 96 
 1 8336 76.65 94 
 
 .847 78 301.66 
 845 77 293.33 
 .842 76 285 
 
 1.8233 75.02 92 
 1-8115 73.39 90 
 1-7962 71.75 88 
 1.7774 70.12 86 
 1.7570 68.49 84 
 
 .838 75 276.66 
 -833 74 268.33 
 .827 73 260.56 
 .819 72 252.78 
 .810 71 245 
 
 1.7360 66.86 82 
 1.7120 65.23 80 
 1.6870 63.60 78 
 1.6630 61.97 76 
 1-6415 60.34 74 
 1-6204 58.71 72 
 1.5975 5708 70 
 1.5760 55.45 68 
 15503 53.82 66 
 15280 5-2.18 64 
 1.5066 50.55 , 62 
 1.4860 48.92 60 
 1.4660 47.29 58 
 1.4460 45.66 56 
 1.4265 44.03 54 
 1.4073 42.40 52 
 1-3884 40.77 50 
 1.3697 39.14 48 
 
 -801 70 237.78 
 1.791 69 230.56 
 1.780 68 223.89 
 1.769 67 216.33 
 1.757 66 210 
 1.744 65 204.44 
 1.730 64 199.44 
 1.715 63 19444 
 1.699 62 190 
 1.684 61 186.11 
 1.670 60 182.33 
 1.650 58.6 176.66 
 1.520 50 143.33 
 1.408 40 126.66 
 1.30+ 30 115.56 
 1.200 20 106.6 
 1.10 .... 10 ... 103.33 
 
 1-3530 37.51 46 
 
 (Dalton, in his New System, Ft. 2. p. 404.). 
 
 1-3345 35.88 44 
 
 
 1-3165 34.25 42 
 
 Sp. Gr. Percent of H 0, S O s 
 
 
 1.844 100 
 
 1-^999 32. 61 4-0 
 1.2826 30.98 38 
 
 1.717 82.34 
 
 1-2654 29.35 36 
 
 1.618 74.32 
 
 1-2490 27.72 34 
 
 1-603 72.70 
 
 1-2334 26.09 32 
 
 1586 71.17 
 
 1-2184 24.46 30 
 
 1-566 69.30 
 
 1-2032 22.83 28 
 
 1-550 68.03 
 
 1-1876 21.20 26 
 
 1-532 66.45 
 
 1-1706 19.57 24 
 
 1-515 64.37 
 
 1-1549 17.94 22 
 
 1-500 62.80 
 
 1.1410 16.31 20 
 
 1-482 61.32 
 
 1 1246 14.68 18 
 
 1-466 59.85 
 
 11 OQO i Q nci ic 
 
 1-454 . . . . 58 02 
 
 I \Jj\J lo.UD JO 
 
 1-0953 11.41 14 
 1-0809 9.78 12 
 10682 8.15 10 
 
 (Darc-et, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (1.) 1. 198; and 
 Gmdiris Plandbook, 2. 186.) 
 
 1.0544 6.52 8 
 
 
 10405 4.89 6 
 
 
 10268 3.26 4 
 
 
 1.0140 . . 1.63 ... 2 
 
 
582 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 Table by which to prepare sulphuric acid of any 
 dr-sired strength, by mixing the acid of 1.86 sp. gr. 
 with water. 
 
 For experiments and observations, by Meiss- 
 ner and Gerlach, on the varying sp. gr. of sulphu- 
 ric acid, according as it is prepared from sulphate 
 
 100 pts. of water at 15 <a 20 
 
 of iron (Nordhausen acid), or from sulphur (En- 
 
 being mixed with pts. of sul- Gives an acid 
 
 glish acid), see Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlce- 
 
 phuric acid of 1.86 sp. gr. of sp. gr. 
 
 sungen, pp. 35, 37. 
 
 1 
 
 l.UUtf 
 
 1 rtl K. 
 
 When equal weights of concentrated sulphuric 
 
 
 2 i.uu 
 
 acid and alcohol of 0.82 sp. gr. are mixed, at the 
 
 5 1.035 
 
 1 n 1 HArt 
 
 ordinary temperature, heat is evolved, and a con- 
 
 10 j.uou 
 ic i nQn 
 
 siderable amount of ethylsulphuric acid formed. 
 
 15 l.OSO 
 
 n/\ 1 1 1 *} 
 
 (Hennel, Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 246.) 
 
 20 1.1 io 
 
 The normal salts of sulphuric acid, i. e. those 
 
 25 1.140 
 
 nf\ 1 1 Cfi 
 
 of the formula M 0, S Oa, are mostly soluble in 
 
 30 1.1 O3 
 
 OE 1 1 SJ7 
 
 water, excepting the lime, and silver salts, which 
 
 35 l.lof 
 
 A f\ 1 Ol ft 
 
 are sparingly, and the baryta, lead, and strontia 
 
 40 i./iu 
 
 A K 1 99Q 
 
 salts scarcely at all soluble. Several of them are 
 
 45 1.38*8 
 
 K./\ 1 9 J ft 
 
 soluble in glycerin. As a rule, they are all in- 
 
 50 l*O 
 
 EC | Ofi*\ 
 
 soluble, or very slightly soluble, in alcohol or 
 
 O5 1..SOJ 
 
 c r\ 1 OQfl 
 
 wood-spirit. 
 
 60 1.3HSU 
 
 f e i onT 
 
 In presence of free sulphuric acid their solu- 
 
 65 
 
 fjn 
 
 l.*VI 
 
 ol O 
 
 bility in water is but little augmented. (Dumas, 
 
 70 
 
 .J 1 & 
 ooc 
 
 TV.) The bi- or tersulphates (M O, 2 S 3) and 
 
 75 
 
 lOJCP 
 
 Q A (\ 
 
 M O, 3 S Os) are either soluble in water, or they 
 
 80 
 
 .o-lU 
 
 }K.7 
 
 are resolved by it into free sulphuric acid and a 
 
 85 
 
 .<>) I 
 Q7O 
 
 normal salt. The basic sulphates are usually in- 
 
 90 
 
 .04 m 
 
 OQC 
 
 soluble in water, but soluble in dilute chlorhydric 
 
 95 
 
 1 nri 
 
 .OOO 
 
 3Q8 
 
 acid. Alkaline sulphates crystallize partially 
 
 100 
 
 .OaO 
 
 A on 
 
 from aqueous solutions of cane-sugar when 
 
 1 OA 
 
 4^U 
 498 
 
 they are present in large quantity, but a portion 
 
 lifti 
 
 .'too 
 A^fi 
 
 remains with the sugar as a slimy mass. (Hoch- 
 
 130 
 140 
 
 .400 
 
 .473 
 
 stetter, J. pr. Ch., 1843, 29. 29.) 
 
 150 
 
 490 
 
 SULPHATE OF ACEDIAMIN. Easily soluble in 
 
 160 
 170 
 
 .510 
 .530 
 
 (C 4 H 3 ' Hn on water. Sparingly soluble 
 N * j H, ' u > 8 u s in boiling ordinary alcohol. 
 
 180 
 
 .543 
 
 (Strecker, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 190 
 
 .556 
 
 Pharm., 103. 329.) 
 
 200 
 
 568 
 
 SULPHATE OF AcETOSAMiN(Acetoylamin). 
 
 210 
 
 .580 
 
 N ( C 2 H 3 H o S Soluble in water. Sparing- 
 
 220 
 
 .593 
 
 < Hj s Jy soluble, or insoluble, in 
 
 230 
 
 .606 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 240 
 
 .620 
 
 SULPHATE OF AGROSTEMMIN. Easily soluble 
 
 250 
 
 .630 
 
 in boiling water ; still more soluble in alcohol. 
 
 260 
 
 .640 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALANIN. Very soluble in wa- 
 
 270 
 
 .648 
 
 ter. [Sparingly ?] soluble in alcohol. It is pre- 
 
 280 
 
 -654 
 
 cipitated as a syrup on the addition of a mixture 
 
 290 
 
 .667 
 
 of alcohol and ether to its solutions. 
 
 300 
 
 .678 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 310 
 
 .689 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Soluble in 2 pts. of 
 
 320 
 
 .700 
 
 A1 2 3 , 3 S O s + 18 Aq cold water, the saturated 
 
 330 
 
 .705 
 
 solution containing 33.33% 
 
 340 
 
 .710 
 
 of it. (Berzelius.) Deliquescent. Soluble in 
 
 350 
 
 714 
 
 less than 1 pt. of water. (Dumas, TV.) The 
 
 360 
 
 719 
 
 salt is not at all deliquescent, but after having 
 
 370 
 
 .723 
 
 been pulverized will not remain in this condition, 
 
 380 
 
 .727 
 
 undergoing " regelation," as it were. (Ordway.) 
 
 390 
 
 .730 
 
 Dissolve 
 
 400 
 
 .733 
 
 pts. of the an- pts. of the 
 
 410 
 
 .737 
 
 100 pts. of water hydr. salt, cryst. salt, 
 
 420 
 
 .740 
 
 atC A1 2 3 ,3S0 3 . AI 2 3 , 38 
 3 + 18 Aq. 
 
 430 
 440 
 
 .743 
 .746 
 
 ... 31.30 . 86.85 
 
 450 
 
 .750 
 
 10 33.50 95.80 
 
 460 
 
 .754 
 
 20 36.15 107.35 
 
 470 1.757 
 
 30 40.36 127.63 
 
 480 1-760 
 
 40 45.73 16765 
 
 490 1.763 
 
 50 52.13 201.36 
 
 500 1.766 
 
 60 59.09 262.63 
 
 510 1.768 
 
 70 66.23 348.18 
 
 520 1-770 
 
 80 73.14 467.30 
 
 530 1-772 
 
 90 80.83 678.81 
 
 540 1.774 
 
 100 . . . 89.11 . 1131.98 
 
 550 1-776 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 467-) 
 
 560 1-777 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble, or insoluble, in alcohol. 
 
 580 1.778 
 
 (Berzelius.) Sulphate of alumina may be com- 
 
 590 1.780 
 
 pletely precipitated from its aqueous solution by 
 
 600 1 782 i adding a suitable quantity or glacial acetic acid. 
 
 (Anthon.) | (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836. (2.) 63. 444). 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 583 
 
 Crystallizes from its solution in chlorhydric acid. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 II.) monobasic. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 A1 2 3 , S 3 + 9 Aq Easily soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. It occurs also native, 
 as Alumininite. 
 
 III.') bibasic. Insoluble in water. While moist 
 2 A1 2 3 . S 3 + 10 Aq it is soluble in cold acetic 
 acid, as well as in the min- 
 eral acids. (Crum, Ann. Ch. u. Phartn., 89. 
 174.) 
 
 Ordway (Am. J. ScL, (2.) 26. 203) ob- 
 tained a " bibasic " sulphate of alumina soluble in 
 water. According to him all the compounds 
 which contain more base than this are insoluble 
 in water. The " terbasic " sulphate is soluble in 
 acetic acid, this solution being the "red-mordant" 
 of calico printers, (foe. cit., p. 204.) 
 
 IV.) biacld. Soluble in water. Decomposed 
 A1 2 O s , 2 S 3 by much water, or by boiling the 
 aqueous solution, to an insoluble 
 basic sulphate and ordinary tersulphate which re- 
 mains dissolved. 
 
 V.) Soluble in a small quantity of water, but, 
 
 2 A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 like No. IV. [and all the soluble 
 
 compounds containing less acid 
 than the normal salt (A1 2 Os, 3 S Oa)], it is de- 
 composed by a large quantity of water, or by 
 boiling its aqueous solution. (Maus.) 
 
 VI.) Soluble in 144 pts. of cold, and in 30.8 
 
 3 A1 2 3 , 4 S 3 + 30 Aq pts. of boiling water. Ea- 
 
 sily soluble in chlorhydric 
 and nitric acids. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 When hydrate of alumina is dissolved in mod- 
 erately dilute sulphuric acid, and this solution 
 diluted with water, a muddy basic salt deposils 
 itself continually for months, and the filtrate from 
 this will deposit still more if it be heated. (Phil- 
 lips ; Gay-Lussac.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) Equally soluble with potash alum, in water. 
 (Ammonia Mum.) ( Pelouze & Fre- 
 
 NH 4 0, S0 3 ; A1 2 3 , 3. S O s + 24 Aq my.) Some- 
 what more sol- 
 uble than potash alum in water. (Otto Graham.) 
 Soluble in 11.444 pts. of water at 17.5; or, 100 
 pts. of water dissolve 8.738 pts. of it at 17.5. 
 (Pohl, Wien. Akad. Bericht, 6. 597.) 
 
 Its solubility is less at all temperatures than 
 that of either of its component salts. (Poggiale, 
 loc. inf., cit.) 
 
 100 pts. of Dissolve of the an- Dissolve of the crys- 
 water at C. hydrous alum, pts. tallized alum, pts. 
 
 ... 2.62 . . . 5.22 
 
 10 4.50 - 9.16 
 
 20 6.57 13.66 
 
 30 9.05 19.29 
 
 40 12.35 27.27 
 
 50 15.90 36.51 
 
 60 21.09 51.29 
 
 70 26.95 71.97 
 
 80 35.19 103.08 
 
 90 50.30 187.82 
 
 100 . . . 70.83 . . . 421.90 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch.et Phjs., (3.) 8. 467.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 9.37 pts. of 
 the crystallized alum ; but it is much more sol- 
 uble in boiling water. (Thomson's System of 
 C/iem., London, 1831, 2. 752.) 
 
 II.) basic. When ammonia-water is added by 
 small portions to an aqueous solution of ammonia- 
 
 alum the precipitate which at first forms is redis- 
 solved until the solution contains 2 JN Hi O, 
 SO 3 ) ; 2 A1 2 O 3 , 3 S O 3 , 4mt the solution is de- 
 composed by boiling, and when diluted with 
 much water. If ammonia be added until a per- 
 manent precipitate is formed -this is composed 
 (according to Riffault) of N H, O, S 3 ; 3(A1 2 3 , 
 S Os) + 9 Aq. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA, OF AMMONIA, & 
 
 A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 ; Cr 2 3 , 3 S 3 ; OF CHROMIUM. 
 
 2 (N U 4 O, S O s ) + 48 Aq Soluble in water, 
 
 the solution un- 
 
 dergoing decomposition when boiled. (Vohl, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 71.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA, OF CHROMIUM, & 
 
 A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 ; Cr, O 3 , 3 S 3 ; OF POTASH. Solu- 
 
 2 (K O, S 3 ) + 48 Aq ble in water, the solu- 
 
 tion undergoing de- 
 
 composition when boiled. (Vohl, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 94. 70.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF CONIIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF ETHYLAMIN. 
 
 N j 4 H . H 0, S 3 ; A1 2 0,, 3 S 3 + 24 Aq 
 
 pts. of 
 water at 25. (Stenner & Kanmer.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & of protoxide OF 
 IRON. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. (Klauer.) 
 Fe O, S 3 i A1 2 O s , 3 S 3 + 24 Aq 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. (Berthier.) 
 2 (Fe 0, S 3 ) ; A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 27 Aq 
 
 III.) Easily soluble in water. (Phillips.) 
 6 (Fe O, S 3 ) ; A1 2 8 , 2 S O 3 + 48 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & of sesquioxide OF 
 IRON. 
 
 I.) basic. Easily soluble in cold dilute sulphu- 
 ric acid, difficultly soluble in cold dilute nitric 
 or chlorhydric acids. (Anthon.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA, of protoxide OF IRON, 
 & OF MAGNESIA. 
 Fe O, S 3 ; Mg O, S 3 ; A1 2 3 , S 3 + 15 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA, OF IRON, & OF 
 Al, 3 , 3 S 3 ; 12 (Fe 0, S 3 ) ; POTASH. Difficult- 
 2 (K b, S O s ) + 25 Aq ly soluble in water. 
 
 Permanent. (Du- 
 fresnoy.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF LITHIA. Per- 
 Li 0, S 8 ; A1 2 O 3 , 3 S O 3 + 24 Aq manent. Soluble 
 in 24 pts. of cold, 
 and in 0.87 pt. of hot water. (Kralovansky.) 
 
 [Rammelsberg doubts the existence of this salt 
 Neither Arfvedson nor C. Gmelin could obtain a 
 Lithia alum.] 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA, OF LITHIA, & OF POT- 
 ASH. Soluble in water, from which it crystallizes 
 readily when the hot solution is cooled. (Joss, 
 J.pr. Ch., 1834, 1. 142, note.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 (Magnesia Mum.) 
 
 I.) Mg 0, S 3 5 A1 2 3 ,3S 3 + 25 Aq 
 II.) 3 (Mg 0, S 3 ) 5 A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 36 Aq 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA, OF MAGNESIA, & 
 Mg O, S 3 ; Mn O, S O s ; OF MANGANESE. As sol- 
 Al, O g , 3 S 3 + 25 Aq nble as common potash 
 alum. (Apjohn; Kane.) 
 
 A sample examined by Lawrence Smith (Am. 
 J. Sci., 1854, (2.) 18. 379, of composition (Mg, 
 Mn) O, S O s ; A1 2 O s , 3 S O ? + 24 Aq, was 
 " very readily soluble in water ; in fact, so soluble 
 
584 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 that it was difficult to decide the amount of water 
 requisite for its complete solution." 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF MANGANESE. 
 Mn 0, S 3 ; A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 25 Aq As soluble as 
 
 common potash 
 
 alum. (Apjohn, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1837, p. 49.) 
 Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF METHYLAMIN. 
 ^3. HO, S0 3 ; A1 2 3 , 3S0 3 +24Aq Soluble 
 
 in wa- 
 ter. ( v. 
 
 M IN. 
 
 Very 
 solu- 
 
 N J ,,2 
 i HS 
 
 Alth.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF 
 N \ (Cj H 3 ) 3 . H 0, S 3 ; A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 24 Aq 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & of blnoxide OF 
 PLATINUM. Insoluble in water, or cold mineral 
 acids. Very' slightly soluble in hot acids. (E. 
 Davy.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF POTASH. 
 (Putask Alum. Common Alum.) 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent, or slightly efflorescent. 
 K 0, S 3 ; A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 24 Aq Very slowly solu- 
 ble in cold water. 
 
 Burnt (i. e. dehydrated) alum dissolves very slow- 
 ly : if thrown into water immediately after hav- 
 ing been dried and cooled, it will remain undis- 
 solved for months, but if it is exposed to the air 
 for a fortnight before being treated with water, it 
 will dissolve readily. (Geiger, Mag. Pharm., 8. 
 199.) 100 pts. of the saturated aqueous solution 
 contain at the boiling point (104.4) 52 pts. of dry 
 alum, i. e. 100 pts. of water dissolve 108.33 pts. 
 of it at 104.4; or, in other words, 1 pt. of 
 dry alum is soluble in 0.923 pt. of water at 104.4. 
 (T. Griffiths, Qnar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at (J. 
 
 Dissolve of anhy- 
 drous potash 
 alum, pis. 
 
 Dissolve of crys- 
 tallized potash 
 alum, pts. 
 
 ... 2.10 .... 3.90 
 10 4.99 9.52 
 
 20 7.74 15.13 
 
 30 10.94 22.01 
 
 40 14.88 30.92 
 
 50 20.09 44.11 
 
 60 26.70 66.65 
 
 70 35.11 90.67 
 
 80 45.66 134.47 
 
 90 58.68 . 209.31 
 
 100 . . . . 74.53 . . . 357.48 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 467.) 
 The solubility of potash alum is at all tempera- 
 tures less than that of its component salts. (Pog- 
 giale, loc. cit.) 
 
 Soluble in 13.286 pts. of water at 12.5 
 
 8.2 
 
 4.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 2.01 
 
 0.4 
 
 0.1 1 
 
 0.06 
 
 21.25 
 
 25 
 
 37.5 
 
 50 
 
 62.5 
 
 75 
 
 87.5 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of 
 water at C. 
 
 12.5 
 21.25 
 
 25 
 37.5 
 50 
 62.5 
 
 75 
 87.5 
 
 Dissolve pts. of 
 K 0, S 3 ; A1 2 O 3 , 3 S 3 H- 24 Aq. 
 
 .... 7.6 
 10.4 
 
 22. 
 
 44.1 
 
 46.7 [not "41."] 
 230. 
 920. 
 . 1566.6 
 
 Or, the aqueous solu- Contains percent of 
 
 tion saturated at C. K 0, S 3 ; AI 2 3 , 3 S 3 +24 Aq. 
 
 12.5 7. 
 
 21.25 9.5 
 
 25 18. 
 
 37.5 31. 
 
 50 31.84 
 
 62.5 70. 
 
 75 90.2 
 
 87.5 94. 
 
 When heated, alum begins to melt, in its water 
 of crystallization, at 87. 5, and is completely liquid 
 at 92.5 (a) 93.75, hence the statements of previous 
 observers, that it requires for its solution 0.75 pt., 
 or, as some say, 2 pts. of water at the temperature 
 of boiling, must be erroneous. (R. Brandes, 
 Brandes's Archiv., 1822, 2. 339 and fig.) 
 
 [Most of Brandes's determinations were prob- 
 ably made upon supersaturated solutions, since his 
 method of preparing the latter was favorable for 
 the development of this phenomenon, for which he 
 makes no allowance.] Solublein 18 pts. of cold, and 
 in 1.6 pts. of boiling water (Fourcroy) ; in 14.12 
 pts. of water at a moderate heat, and in 0.75 pt. 
 of boiling water. (Bergman, Essays,- 1. pp. 350, 
 366, 368, 181.) [On page 181 of B.'s Essays is 
 printed, apparently by error, " 1 pt. of alum re- 
 quires [for its solution] 30 pts. of water in a mod- 
 erate heat."] Crystallized alum is soluble in 15 
 pts. of water at the ordinary temperature, and in 
 0.75 pt. of boiling water. (Dumas, Tr. ) Solu- 
 ble in 18.363 pts. of cold, and in 0.75 pt. of boiling 
 water, the saturated cold solution containing 5.16% 
 of it, and the boiling saturated solution 57.14%. 
 (M. R. & P.) Soluble in 11.7 pts. of water at 
 18 75. ( Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 
 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at C. 
 
 15.56 , 
 100 
 
 15.56 
 100 
 
 Dissolve of crystallized 
 potash alum, pts. 
 
 . . 14.79 
 
 133.33 [T.] 
 
 8.7 
 . . 75. (?) 
 
 (Ure's Diet. 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.048774 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 10.939 pts. of alum. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. 
 pp. 478, 482.) The aqueous solution saturated 
 "in the cold" contains 5.2% of it (Fourcroy); 
 at 38 (of B's therm.) 6.7% (Bcerhave) ; at 10 
 (C.) 25.8(?)% (Eller); and at 12.5 5.5% (Has- 
 senfratz, Any. de Ckim., 28. 291.) 
 
 Warm solutions of alum are liable to become 
 supersaturated on cooling. (Coxe.) Solutions 
 of alum not too highly charged with the salt may 
 be preserved for a long time in a supersaturated 
 state, if they are allowed to cool in close ves- 
 sels out of contact with the air [or in vessels 
 loosely stopped with cotton-wool, so that the air 
 may be filtered. (Schrceder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1859, 109. 45.)]. If such solutions be exposed 
 to cold of +5 @ 3 they usually crystallize as 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 585 
 
 ordinary alum, but sometimes in rhombohedrons, 
 or in tables. This tabular variety has a very 
 great solubility. Mother liquors, from which it 
 had been deposited, contained, at 0, 180 pts. of 
 ordinary alum in 100 pts. of water. When heated 
 to 100 in a closed tube, alum dissolves complete- 
 ly in its water of crystallization. (Lcewel, Ann. 
 Ch. et Pfiys., (3.) 43. 414.) Ordinary alum melts 
 in its water of crystallization when heated to 92, 
 and on cooling this solution it remains liquid for 
 a long time before solidifying. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 Insoluble in spirit of 0.905, or less, sp. gr. (An- 
 thon, J. pr. Ch., 14. 125.) Nearly insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of tersulphate of alumina. (Gei- 
 ger.) Insoluble in a saturated aqueous solution 
 of tersulphate of alumina. (W. Crum, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 89. 156.) The aqueous solution sat- 
 urated at 8 is of 1.045 sp. gr. (Anthon, Ann. 
 der Pharm., 1837, 24. 210.) 
 
 An aqueous solution 
 of sp. gr., at 12.6 
 
 1 0047 . . . 
 
 Contains percent 
 of alum. 
 
 ... 1 
 
 1.0094 
 1.0142 
 1.0189 
 1.0236 . 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 . 5 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 296.) 
 When a solution of alum is treated with a large 
 excess of concentrated sulphuric acid, this com- 
 bines with the water, and acicular crystals of alum 
 separate out. (Baron, 1744, cited in Bergman's 
 Essays, 1. 378.) But in dilute sulphuric or other 
 acid it is more readily soluble than in water. 
 (Bergman, Ibid., p. 379.) When boiled with a 
 saturated aqueous solution of chloride of potas- 
 sium, chlorhydric acid is formed, and a sub- 
 sulphate of alumina falls down ; this occurs 
 only to a small extent with chloride of sodium, 
 and still less with chloride of ammonium. (Ure's 
 Dirt.} 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water, but after having 
 K 0, 8 3 ; 3 (A1 2 3 , S 3 ) + 9 Aq been gently ig- 
 nited water re- 
 moves ordinary alum, while the excess of alumina 
 remains undissolved. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF SODA. When 
 (So.la.JHum.-) pure it is perma- 
 
 Na 0, S O 3 ; A1 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 24 Aq nent, but efflo- 
 resces on the sur- 
 face when impure. (Thompson.) Soluble in 2.14 
 pts. of water at 13, and in 1 pt. of boiling water. 
 (Zellner.) Soluble in 0.909 pt. of water at 16, 
 the saturated solution containing 52.38% of it. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 
 dissolve 327.6 pts. of it. (Thomson, in his Sys- 
 tem of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 766.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 110 pts. of it, forming a 
 liquor of 1.296 sp. gr. (Ure.) Insoluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. (Zellner.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ALUMINA & OF ZINC. 
 
 (Zinc-Alum.) 
 
 Zn 0, S 3 ; A1 2 3 , 3 S O 3 + 24 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMARIN. Soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMIDOBENZOIC ACID. Vid. 
 Sulphate of Bcnzamic Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF WAMIDOBENZOIC ACID. Read- 
 
 N 2 C 14 H 8 4 , 2 II 0, 2 S 3 ily soluble in water ; 
 
 somewhat less soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Both of these solutions are easily de- 
 composed. (Voit. ) 
 
 SULPHATE OF &/AMIJK>BENZYLENE. Vid. 
 SulphoBenzamid. 
 
 74 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMOLiN(of Unverdorben). 
 Very readily soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 "SULPHATE OF AMMON," &c. Vid. Sulpha- 
 (CompouDds of N H 3 & S O 3 ) mid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Somewhat hygroscopic. Soluble 
 N H 4 0, S 3 in 1.3 pts. of water at the ordinary 
 temperature. (A. Vogel, Jr.) Sol- 
 uble in 1.31 pts. of water at 19, or 100 pts. of 
 water at 19 dissolve 76.1 pts. of it, or the aque- 
 ous solution saturated at 19 contains 43.2% of it, 
 and is of 1.2491 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) Soluble in 2 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht, 
 fur 1854, p. 76.) Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 
 15.5, and in 1 pt. of boiling water (Fourcroy), 
 the solution saturated at 15.5 containing 33.33% 
 of it ; that saturated at 10 containing 30.4% 
 of it (Eller), and the boiling saturated solution 
 50% of it. 100 pts. of water at 62.6 dissolve 78 
 pts. of it. (Wenzel, p. 309 [T.].) The aqueous 
 solution saturated at 15 is of 1.248215 sp. gr., 
 and contains dissolved in every 100 pts. of water 
 at least 66.739 pts. of it. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478,482.) When treated 
 with boiling water a small quantity of ammonia 
 is evolved, and the solution obtained exhibits an 
 acid reaction. (Emmet, Am. J. Sci., (I.) 18. pp. 
 255, 256.) 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experiment) 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 19). percent of N H 4 0, S 8 . 
 
 1 2491 43.19 
 
 1.1655 28.81 
 
 1.1100 19.20 
 
 1.0829 14.40 
 
 1.0556 9.60 
 
 1.0275 4.80 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 337.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the fol- 
 lowing table by means of the formula : D = 
 1 +0005757 p 0.00000148 p 2 -f 0.0000000391 
 p 3 , in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and 
 p the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp.gr. Percent of Sp.gr. Percent of 
 (at 19). N H 4 O, S O s - (at 19). N H 4 0, S O 8 . 
 
 1.0057 . 
 
 . 1 
 
 1.1496 . 
 
 26 
 
 1.0115 
 
 2 
 
 1.1554 
 
 27 
 
 1.0172 
 
 3 
 
 1.1612 
 
 28 
 
 1.0230 
 
 4 
 
 1.1670 
 
 29 
 
 
 .0287 
 
 5 
 
 1.1724 
 
 30 
 
 
 .0345 
 
 6 
 
 1.1780 
 
 31 
 
 
 .0403 
 
 7 
 
 1.1836 
 
 32 
 
 
 .0460 
 
 8 
 
 1.1892 
 
 33 
 
 
 .0518 
 
 9 
 
 1.1948 
 
 34 
 
 
 .0575 
 
 10 
 
 1 .2004 
 
 35 
 
 
 .0632 
 
 11 
 
 1 2060 
 
 36 
 
 
 .0690 
 
 12 
 
 1.2116 
 
 37 
 
 
 .0747 
 
 13 
 
 1.2172 
 
 38 
 
 
 .0805 
 
 14 
 
 1.2228 
 
 39 
 
 
 .0862 
 
 15 
 
 1.2284 
 
 40 
 
 
 .0920 
 
 16 
 
 1.2343 
 
 41 
 
 
 .0977 
 
 17 
 
 1.2402 
 
 42 
 
 
 .1035 
 
 18 
 
 1.2462 
 
 43 
 
 
 1092 
 
 19 
 
 1 2522 
 
 44 
 
 
 .1149 
 
 20 
 
 1.2583 
 
 45 
 
 
 .1207 
 
 21 
 
 1.2644 
 
 4f> 
 
 
 .1265 
 
 22 
 
 1.2705 
 
 47 
 
 
 .1323 
 
 23 
 
 1.2766 
 
 48 
 
 
 .1381 
 
 24 
 
 1.2828 
 
 49 
 
 
 .1439 
 
 . 25 
 
 1.2890 . 
 
 . 50 
 
 (H. Schiff, 
 
 Ann Ch. 
 
 u. Pharm., 1859, 
 
 110. 74.) 
 
586 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 Tolerably soluble in alcohol, the sp. gr. of 
 which is greater than 0.860. Insoluble in alcohol 
 of sp. gr. less than 0.850. (Berzelius.) 1000 pis. 
 of alcohol, of 0.872 sp. gr., dissolve 6 pts. of the 
 salt, and that of 0.905 sp. gr. 11 pts. (Berzelius, 
 Lekrb., 3. 297.) Soluble in 217.4 pts. of alcohol 
 of 66.8% at 24.3; or 100 pts. of this alcohol dis- 
 solve 0.46 pt. of the salt at 24.3. (Pohl, Wien. 
 A/cad. Bericht, Q. 599.) 500 pts. of alcohol of 
 0.872 dissolve 1 pt. ; and 1000 pts. of spirit of 
 0.905 dissolve 16 pts. of it. (Anthon, from Buch- 
 ner's Report., 2. pp. 13, 18; in J. pr. Ch., 14. 
 125.) Soluble, with decomposition, in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. 
 
 II.) bi. Deliquescent. Soluble in 1 pt. of cold 
 N H 4 0, H 0, 2 S 3 water. (Link.) Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (Ger- 
 hardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 255.) 
 
 III.) sesqui. Very easily soluble in water. 
 3 N H 4 0, H 0, 2 S0 3 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3". 297.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF CADMIUM. 
 N H 4 O, S 3 ; Cd 0, S 3 + 6 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF CE- j 
 RIUM. Easily soluble in pure water. (Beringer.) ' 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & of sesguioxide OF : 
 CHROMIUM. 
 
 = violet modif. Superficially efflorescent. | 
 (Ammonia Chrome Alum.) Soluble in wa- 
 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Cr 2 3 , 3 S O 3 + 24 Aq ter, from which 
 
 it is precipitated 
 on the addition of alcohol. (Schrcetter. ) 
 
 Less soluble in water than the potash-salt, and 
 is consequently much more easily crystallized. 
 From a concentrated aqueous solution of violet 
 sulphate of sesquioxide of chromium, ammonia- 
 chrome alum is precipitated on the addition of a 
 concentrated solution of sulphate of ammonia. 
 When the aqueous solution is heated to 75 the 
 green modification (compare Sulphate of Chro- 
 mium & of Potash) is produced. Melts in its 
 water of crystallization at 100. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb., 3. 1083.) 
 
 b = green modif. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. 
 
 II.) hydrated. Soluble in Water, and alcohol. 
 NH 4 0, SO S ; Cr 2 3 , 3 SO 3 + 6Aq When the aque- 
 
 ons solution is 
 
 allowed to stand for 10 12 days it changes to 
 the violet modification. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF COBALT. 
 
 N H 4 0, S O s ; Co 0, S 3 + 6 Aq 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at C. 
 
 ... 
 
 Dissolve of i 
 hydrous sal 
 
 . . . 8.9 
 
 10 
 
 11.6 
 
 18 
 
 15.2 
 
 23 
 
 17.1 
 
 35 
 
 19.6 
 
 40 
 
 22.3 
 
 45 
 
 25.0 
 
 50 
 
 28.7 
 
 60 
 75 . 
 
 34.5 
 43.3 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 Considerably more soluble in water than the 
 corresponding nickel salt. The aqueous solution 
 saturated (slightly supersaturated), at 
 
 20 contains 14.927% of the anhyd. salt. 
 
 40 " 20.782 " 
 
 60 " 25.579 " " 
 
 80 " 32.988 " " 
 
 (C. v. Hauer, J. pr. Ch., 1858, 74. 434.) 
 
 Alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous solu- 
 tion. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 107. 76.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COBALT, & OP 
 2 (N H 4 0, S O s ) ; Co 0, S O 3 ; Cu 0, S 3 + 12 Aq Cop- 
 
 PER. 
 
 Tolerably easily soluble in boiling water, but after 
 the solution has been boiled for a longtime a diffi- 
 cultly soluble basic salt is deposited. (Vohl, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 58.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COBALT, & OF 
 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; Co O, S 3 ; IRON. 
 Fe 0, S O 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COBALT, & OF 
 
 (N n H 4 % 1% ; Co > s 3 i MAGNESIA. 
 
 Mg 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COBALT, & OF 
 2 (N H O, S 3 ) ; Co 0, S 3 ; MANGANESE. 
 Mn 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COBALT, & OF 
 C > S 3 ; NICKEL. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COBALT, & OF 
 
 2(NH 4 0, S0 3 ); Co 0, S O 3 ; ZlNC 
 Zn 0, S O s + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF COPPER. 
 
 N H 4 O, S 3 -, Cu 0, S 3 + 6 Aq Effloresces in warm 
 
 dry air. Soluble in 
 
 1.5 pt. of boiling water. Very sparingly soluble 
 in cold water. (A. Vogel.) Soluble in 3.76 pts. 
 of water at 19; or 100 pts. of water at 19 dis- 
 solve 26.6 pts. of it ; or an aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at 19 contains 21% of it, or 14.4% of the 
 anhydrous salt, and is of 1.1336 sp. gr. (H. 
 Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 Soluble in 1.55 pt. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitsch rift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht, fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COPPER, & OF 
 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; CuO, S 3 ; IRON. Soluble, with- 
 
 FeO, S0 3 +12Aq O ut decomposition, in 
 
 water which is free 
 
 from air. (Vohl, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 61.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COPPER, & OF 
 2 (N H 4 0, S O s ) ; Cu 0, S 3 ; MAGNESIA. 
 Mg 0, S O 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COPPER, & OF 
 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) , Cu 0, S 3 ; MANGANESE. 
 Mn 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF COPPER, & OF 
 
 2(NH 4 0, S0 3 ); CuO, S0 3 ; NlCKEL. 
 Ni 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA. OF COPPER, & OF 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; Cu 0, S 3 : ZlNC. 
 Zn 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIUM & CUPR('C)AMMO- 
 
 K J H s -n NH o so NIDM - Soluble in 1.5 pt. 
 N | Cu . 0, N H 4 O, S O s Qf co , d wa( . er (Kuehn-) 
 
 When the aqueous solu- 
 
 tion is exposed to the air (Kuehn), or largely 
 diluted with water, tetra-sulphate of copper 
 (4 Cu O, S O 3 ) is precipitated. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF DIDYMIUM. 
 N H 4 0, S0 3 ; 3 (Di 0, S 3 ) + 8 Aq Soluble in 18 
 
 pts. of water ; 
 
 it is a little less soluble in a saturated solution of 
 sulphate of ammonia. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 38. 171.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 
 N H 4 0, S 0, ; Fe O, S 3 + 6 Aq IRON. Much less 
 
 soluble in water than 
 
 protosulphate of iron (Fe O, S Os + 7 Aq). 
 (Vogel.) 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 587 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water ai <J. 
 
 at . . 
 
 Dissolve of the an- 
 hydrous salt, pts. 
 
 . . . . 12.2 
 
 12 
 
 17.5 
 
 20 
 
 21.6 
 
 30 
 
 28.1 
 
 36 
 
 31.8 
 
 45 
 
 36.2 
 
 55 
 
 40.3 
 
 60 
 
 44.6 
 
 65 
 75 , 
 
 49.8 
 . 56.7 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. ti. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 1 pt of the 6 Aq salt is soluble in 2.80 pts. of 
 water at 16.5; or, 100 pts. of water at 16.5 dis- 
 solve 35.9 pts. of it ; or the aqueous solution 
 saturated at 16.5 contains 26.4% of it, or 19.1% 
 of the anhydrous salt, and is of 1.1666 sp. gr. 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 An aqueous solu- Contains (by experiment) 
 (ion of sp. gr. percent of N II 4 O, S 3 ; 
 
 (at 16.5). Fe 0, S 3 + 6 Aq. 
 
 1.1666 26.40 
 
 1.1083 17.60 
 
 1.0708 11.74 
 
 1.0530 8.80 
 
 1.0354 5.87 
 
 For calculating other values Schiff proposes the 
 formula : D = 1 + 0.005918 p + 00001083 p 2 
 + 0.0000001715 p 3 ; in which D = the sp. gr. of 
 the solution, and p the percentage of substance 
 in the solution. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1858,108.337.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. More permanent, more soluble in 
 (Ammonia Iron Alum.) water, and more 
 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Fe 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 24 Aq easily crystal- 
 lized than the 
 
 corresponding potash salt. Soluble in 3 pts. of 
 water at 15. (Fore-hammer.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in 2.4 pts. of cold water. 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; Fe 2 O 3 , 2 S O 3 + 6 Aq (Maus.) 
 
 III.) poll/basic. Very sparingly soluble in con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF IRON, & OF 
 2 (N H 4 O, S 0,) ; Fe O, S 3 ; MAGNESIA. 
 Mg 0, S O 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF IRON, & OF 
 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; Fe 0, S O s ; MANGANESE. Toler- 
 
 Mn 0, S O 3 + 12 Aq ably easily soluble in 
 
 water. ( Vohl, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 67.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF IRON, & OF 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; Fe 0, S 3 ; NlCKEL. 
 Ni 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF IRON (prot oxide), 
 
 2(NH 4 0, SO.) 5 FeO, S 3 ; & OF ZINC. Toler- 
 
 ZnO, SO 3 + 12Aq ably readily soluble 
 
 in water. (Tassaert, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 24. 100 [T.].) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF IRON (sesquioxide), 
 & OF ZINC. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF LEAD. De- 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Pb 0, S 3 composed by water, which 
 abstracts sulphate of am- 
 monia. (Wcehler.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF LITHIA. Ea- 
 N H 4 0, S O g ; Li 0, S 8 sily soluble in water. 
 (Arfvedson.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 N H 4 0, S O s -, Mg 0, S O a + 6 Aq Permanent. Less 
 
 soluble in water than either of the salts of which 
 it is composed. (Graham.) 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at C. 
 
 at . . 
 
 Dissolve of the an- 
 hydrous salt, pts. 
 
 .... 9.0 
 
 10 
 
 14.2 
 
 15 
 
 15.7 
 
 20 
 
 17.9 
 
 30 
 
 191 
 
 45 
 
 25.6 
 
 50 
 
 30.0 
 
 55 
 
 31 9 
 
 60 
 75 . 
 
 36.1 
 45.3 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 It is liable to form supersaturated solutions. 
 (Ogden.) 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF MAGNESIA, & 
 
 2 (N H, O, S 3 ) ; Mg 0, S 3 ; O F MANGANESE. 
 | Mn 0, S O 3 + J2 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF MAGNESIA, & 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 0.) 5 Mg 0, S 3 ; O F NlCKEL. 
 Ni 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF MAGNESIA, & 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; Mg 0, S O s ; OF ZlNC. 
 Zn 0, S 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, & of protoxide OF 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Mn O, S O s + 6 Aq MANGANESE. De- 
 liquesces in moist 
 air. Readily soluble in water. (John ) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, & of sesquioxide OF 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Mn 2 3 ,3 S 3 + 24 Aq MANGANESE. 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 water, with subsequent decomposition. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, of protoxide OF 
 2 (N H 4 0, S 3 ) ; Mn 0, S 8 ; MANGANESE, & OF 
 NiO, S0 3 +12Aq NlCKEL. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, OF MANGANESE, & 
 
 2 (N H 4 O, 8 3 ) ; Mn 0, S 3 ; O F ZlNC. 
 Zn O, S O s + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, & of protoxide OF 
 NH 4 0,S0 3 ; HgO, S 3 MERCURY. Difficultly 
 soluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF NICKEL. Sol- 
 
 N H 4 0, S0 3 ; NiO,SO 3 +6Aq uble in 1.5 pts. of 
 
 water. (Wittsteiri's 
 
 Handw.) Soluble in 4 pts. of cold water. (Link, 
 Crell's Ann, 1796, 1. 32, [Gm.].) Soluble in 4 
 pts. of water at 12.5. (Tupputi, Ann. de Chim., 
 1811, 78. 166.) 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at O. 
 
 Dissolve of the an- 
 hydrous salt, pts. 
 
 at 3 5 
 
 ... 1.8 
 
 10 
 
 3.2 
 
 16 
 
 58 
 
 20 
 
 5.9 
 
 30 
 
 8.3 
 
 40 
 
 11.5 
 
 50 
 
 14.4 
 
 59 
 
 16.7 
 
 68 
 
 18.8 
 
 85 
 
 28.6 
 
 (Tobler, Arm. Ch. u. Pliarm., 95. 198, and 8p.) 
 Considerably less soluMe in water than the 
 corresponding'cobalt salt. The aqueous solution 
 saturated (slightly supersaturated), at 
 
 20 contains 9.3957 of the anhyd. salt. 
 40 " 13.153 
 60 " 18.622 
 80 " 23.094 
 
 (C. v. Hauer, /. pr. Ch., 1858, 74. 434.) 
 
588 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & NICKELAMMO- 
 
 the solution undergo- 
 ing decomposition when boiled. (Evdmann.) 
 
 SULPHATE or AMMONIA, OF NICKEL, & OF 
 2(NH 4 0, S0 3 )i NiO, SO S ; ZlNC. 
 Zn 0, S 3 4. 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 OSMIUM. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & ofbinoxide OF PLA- 
 TINUM. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 warm sulphuric and chlorhydric acids. Decom- 
 posed by a boiling solution of caustic potash. 
 (E. Davy.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. Per- 
 
 N H 4 0, S O s ; K O, S O s + 4 Aq manent. 100 pts. 
 
 of water at 16 dis- 
 
 solve 13.68 pts. of it. (Thomson's System of 
 Chem., London, 1831, 2. 750.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. Per- 
 NH 4 0,S0 3 ; NaO,SO 3 + 5Aq manent. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 
 N H 4 O, S O s ; Ur 0, S 3 + Aq URANIUM. Easily 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 (Rammelsberg.) More readily soluble than the 
 potash salt. On heating the aqueous solution a 
 basic salt separates. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & of sesquioxide OF 
 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Ur 2 O 3 , S O 3 + 2 Aq URANIUM. Per- 
 
 manent. Readily 
 
 soluble in water. (Arfvedson.) Rather sparing- 
 ly soluble in water. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 5.43.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Efflo- 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Zn 0, S 3 + 6 Aq rescent. Very sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at C. 
 
 Dissolve of the an- 
 hydrous salt, pts. 
 
 . . 
 
 . ... 7.3 
 
 10 
 
 8.8 
 
 13 
 
 10.0 
 
 15 
 
 12.5 
 
 20 
 
 12.6 
 
 30 
 
 16.5 
 
 45 
 
 21.7 
 
 60 
 
 29.7 
 
 75 
 
 37.8 
 
 85 
 
 . 46.2 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & ZINCAMMO- 
 
 N \ H ' 0, N II 4 0, S 3 + 2 Aq ' . Efflorescent. 
 ( Zn ' H Soluble in ammonia- 
 
 water. (Kane.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZIRCONIA. 
 N H 4 0, S 3 ; Zr 2 3 , 3 S O 3 Soluble in hot, and in 
 cold water ; more sol- 
 uble in water than the corresponding potash salt. 
 Also soluble in acids. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIO!RIDIUM. Soluble 
 
 5 N H 3 . Ir 2 3 , 3 S O 3 in water. ( Claus, Beitrage, 
 
 p. 92.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIORHODIUM. (Claus, 
 
 6 N H 3 . Rh 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 3 Aq Beitrage, p. 89.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMMONIUM CHLORPLATIN(OUS) 
 
 (Sulphate of Groses Base. AMMONIUM. 
 
 BiC/ilorhydrosulfate de diplatinamine.) D i ffi C U Itlv 
 
 N 2 H 8 Pt Cl 0, S 3 = N \ N 2 H 4 . 0, S 3 soluble in 
 (PtCl cold, tol- 
 
 erably ea- 
 
 sily soluble in hot water. Decomposed by chlor- 
 hydric and nitric acids. (Gros, Ann. der "Pliarm., 
 1838, 27. 251.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AMTLAMIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF te</aAMY.LAMMONiuM. 
 
 SULPHATE OF C?/AMYLANILIN. Nearly in- 
 soluble in water, or dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ANILIN. Largely soluble in 
 XT ( C,. H. f. ar . water, especially when this 
 
 N { i_i " U U. O U . . ... * m, 
 
 < "t is boiling. The aqueous 
 
 solution saturated at the 
 
 boiling temperature becomes solid on cooling. 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, somewhat more soluble 
 in boiling, absolute alcohol. Tolerably readily 
 soluble in dilute alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Hofmann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 149.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ANILIN & OF COPPER. De- 
 C H composed by boiling water. 
 
 H 
 Cu 
 
 . H 0, S 3 
 
 Sb 3 , 2 S 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF ANiMiN(of Unverdorben). Sol- 
 uble in water. On boiling the aqueous solution 
 an acid salt is formed, which is soluble in all pro- 
 portions in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 53. 346.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ANISAMIC ACID. Easily solu- 
 V SC IG H 7 4 wn ,, n ble in water. Very ea- 
 | I? *.0 2 ,HO,S0 3 si iy soluble in honing 
 
 alcohol, from which it 
 
 separates as the solution cools. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 344.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ANTHRANILIC ACID. 
 N I & <V' . H 0, S 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 ( ^12 " 
 
 SULPHATE OF ANTIMONOUS ACID. 
 I.) di. Insoluble in warm water. (Peligot.) 
 2 Sb 3 , S 3 
 
 II.) mono. Insoluble in water (Dumas, Tr.), 
 Sb0 3 , S0 3 or alcohol. (Brandes.) The sulphu- 
 ric acid may all be abstracted from 
 this salt by boiling water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 III.) hi. Decomposed by warm water. Solu- 
 ble in strong sulphuric acid. (Pe- 
 ligot.) 
 
 IV.) ter. Soluble in sulphuric acid. Decom- 
 Sb 3 , 3 S O s posed by water to an insoluble basic, 
 
 and a soluble acid salt. 
 
 V.) quadri. Decomposed by warm water. 
 SbO 4 SO, Soluble in strong sulphuric acid. 
 (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 
 287.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ARGENTAMMONIUM. Com- 
 N | HS . O S 3 P letel y soluble in water. (H. Rose.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ARGENT&I'AMIN. Tolerably per- 
 
 w 5 w n manent. Soluble in warm 
 
 N 2 1 H 6 . Ag o, B u s concentrate{ j ammonia-water, 
 
 crystallizing out as the solu- 
 
 tion cools. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 SULP.HATE OF ARICIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in boiling water, and m 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 N 2 JC 46 H 26 8 -.HO,HO,280 8 
 
 SULPHATE OF ARSENC?*ETHTL. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ARSENETHYLIUM. Readily 
 * ? ,r- u \ AH02SO soluble in water, and 
 AB}(C 4 H 6 ) 4 .0,HO,2S0 3 sp . r . t> g paringly gol . . 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 589 
 
 uble in ether. (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 
 333.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ARSENC&METHYLAMYLIUM. 
 
 As ;rc 2l IfN -. s s 
 ( (io "11)2 
 
 SULPHATE OF ARSEN^'METHYLETHYLIUM. 
 . i (C. Ho), Very deliquescent. Solu- 
 
 As I (C 2 4 H', 0. s 3 ble in water. ( Cahours & 
 Riche.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ARSENMETHYLIUM. Deliques- 
 
 S r, nan cent< Verv soluble in wa- 
 
 As \ < c * HS '* ' ' s ter. ( Cahours & Riche.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ASPARAGIN. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Dessaignes, Ann. Ch. e.t Phys., (3.) 
 34. 152.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ASPARTIC ACID. Insoluble, or 
 C 8 H 7 N 8 , 2 (H 0, s 3 ) very sparingly soluble, in 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ATROPIN. Readily soluble in 
 34 IL,., N 6 , H 0, S 3 water, and alcohol. Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in ether, (v. 
 Planta.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF AZONAPHTYLAMIN. Perma- 
 
 N ^20 HO" N0 H0 2SO nCnt Sarin ! so1 ' 
 NZ H . U 0, H 0, 2 S 3 
 
 composition, in water, 
 
 and alcohol. Much less soluble in water than 
 free naphtylamin. 
 
 SULPHATE OF AZOPHENYLAMIN. Almost in- 
 soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. (Zinin.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. Solu- 
 BaO S 3 ble in 43000 pts. of cold water. (Kir- 
 wan, Min., 1. 136 [T.].) Soluble in 
 200000 pts. of water. (Margueritte, C. R., 38. 
 308.) 100 pts. of cold water dissolve 0.002 pt. 
 of it. (Ure's Diet.) Not absolutely insoluble in 
 water. (Mulder, Die Silberprobirmethode, p. 12; 
 Fresenius.) A solution of chloride of barium 
 containing 1 pt. of Ba in 71000 pts. of water, 
 when treated with sulphuric acid becomes turbid 
 after the lapse of half an hour. (Harting, J. pr. 
 Chem., 22. 50.) A solution of nitrate of baryta 
 containing one pt. of Ba O in 25000 pts. of water 
 gives a distinct cloud when treated with sulphuric 
 acid, or a solution of sulphate of soda ; with 
 50000 @ 100000 pts. of water a slight turbidity is 
 produced ; with 200000 400000 pts. of water 
 the mixture becomes turbid after the lapse of 
 some minutes ; while with 800000 pts. of water the 
 reaction ceases. (Lassaigne, ./. Chim. Med., 8. 526.) 
 
 Somewhat soluble in dilute acids, as chlorhydric 
 and nitric acids. (Piria, 11 Cimento, 1847, 5. 
 257, cited by Siegle, who corroborates the obser- 
 vation, J. pr. Ch., 1856, 69. 142.) 
 
 Insoluble in hot or cold water. Cold dilute 
 acids dissolve small quantities of it, and cold con- 
 centrated acids considerably more. Boiling chlor- 
 hydric acid takes up a considerable amount of it. 
 Of all the acids, acetic acid dissolves the least, as has 
 been shown by Siegle. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 125.) 
 
 Precipitated sulphate of baryta, washed with 
 water and dilute nitric acid until the last traces of 
 chloride of barium had been removed, being 
 treated with dilute acids, gave the following re- 
 sults: 0.577 grm. of Ba O, S O 3 being boiled 
 during about 5 minutes in 168c.c. of chlorhydric 
 acid of 1.03 sp. gr., the solution filtered after it 
 had become cold, was found to contain 0.0075 
 grm. of sulphate of baryta ; 0.679 grm. of Ba O, 
 S O 3 being boiled for about a quarter of an hour 
 with 230 c.c. of chlorhydric acid of 1.02 sp. gr., 
 the solution, filtered while still warm, was found 
 to contain 0.048 grm. of sulphate of baryta j 0.4 
 
 grm. of Ba O, S Os being heated, during a quarter 
 of an hour, with 150 c.c. of nitric acid of 1.02 sp. 
 gr., the solution was found to contain 0.165 grm. 
 of sulphate of baryta ; 0.4 grm. of Ba O, S O s 
 being heated during a quarter of an hour with 
 80 c.c. of acetic acid of 1.02 sp. gr. the fluid was 
 found to contain in solution 0.002 grm. of sul- 
 phate of baryta. Since the small portions of 
 chloride of barium, which always contaminate 
 precipitated sulphate of baryta, cannot be re- 
 moved by washing with water alone, and hence 
 necessitate the employment of some dilute acid, 
 it is worthy of note that acetic acid is to be 
 recommended for this purpose, rather than nitric 
 or chlorhydric acid, for, as is indicated above, it 
 dissolves less sulphate of baryta than either of the 
 other acids. (Siegle, J. pr. Ch., 1856, 69. pp. 
 146, 147.) 
 
 500 pts. of nitric acid, of 1.167 sp. gr., can dis- 
 solve 1 pt. of sulphate of baryta ; this is also 
 soluble even in the weakest nitric or chlorhydric 
 acid, thus : While 0.062 gr. of sulphate of ba- 
 ryta can be held in solution by 1000 grs. of nitric 
 acid of 1.032 sp. gr., the same quantity of the salt 
 requires 50000 grs. of distilled water to dissolve 
 it. This solubility of sulphate of baryta is in- 
 fluenced to a greater extent by the bulk than by 
 the strength of the acid. (Calvert, Phil. Mag., 
 (4.) 11. 390.) Sparingly soluble in nitric acid, 
 both strong and dilute. (Price ; Nicholson ; 
 Noad.) Somewhat soluble in chlorhydric acid 
 when a large bulk of this acid is present; this sol- 
 ubility is much less marked, however, in presence 
 of an excess of chloride of barium. (Noad.) 
 
 When treated with chlorhydric or nitric acid at 
 the ordinary temperature it is not in the least 
 attacked at first, and after the lapse of several 
 days only a faint trace is dissolved, but if sulphate 
 of baryta is boiled with chlorhydric or nitric acid 
 a trace of it is dissolved at once ; the addition of 
 either a dilute solution of chloride of barium or 
 of dilute sulphuric acid causing the formation of a 
 precipitate. Mere dilution with water will not re- 
 precipitate the dissolved sulphate of baryta. (H. 
 Rose,Pogg. Ann., 95. pp. 104-109.) 
 
 Soluble in boiling concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 crystallizing out as the solution cools ; it is com- 
 pletely precipitated from this solution on the ad- 
 dition of water. (Withering; Hume, Phil. Mag., 
 14. 357 [T.] ; Berzelius's I^hrb.) 
 
 The solubility of sulphate of baryta in water is 
 also increased by the presence of several salts, 
 especially by chloride of magnesium. (Frese- 
 nius, Quant., p. 125.) Soluble to a notable extent 
 in presence of salts of cerium. (Marignac, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27i 217.) Soluble in consider- 
 able quantity in an aqueous solution of nitrate of 
 ammonia; in experiments upon this point it 
 was found that the largest quantities of sulphate 
 of baryta were dissolved when boiling solutions 
 of sulphate of soda and chloride of barium, which 
 had previously been mixed with nitrate of ammo- 
 nia, were added by alternate drops to a boiling 
 solution of nitrate of ammonia. A solution of 
 6.889 grms. of anhydrous sulphate of soda in 
 100 c.c. of water, of which 1 c.c. was capable of 
 forming O.I grm. of sulphate of baryta, having 
 been prepared, and another of chloride of barium, 
 of which Ic.c. was equivalent to 0.37 grm. of sul- 
 phate of baryta, portions of these were added to a 
 boiling solution of nitrate of ammonia as follows 
 (the amount of the liquid last named being 230c.c. 
 of cold saturated solution) : |c.c. of the solu- 
 tion of chloride of barium, then 2 c.c. of the soh^ 
 tion of sulphate of soda, then c.c. of the chloride 
 
590 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 of barium, and again 2 c.c. of sulphate of soda, but 
 no precipitate ensued, although 0.28 grin, of sul- 
 phate of baryta was contained in the liquid, until 
 on the further addition of c.c. of chloride of ba- 
 rium a slight cloudiness occurred. The experiment 
 being repeated, with the omission of the last half 
 c.c. of chloride of barium solution, the perfectly 
 clear solution obtained exhibited the following re- 
 actions : Treated with concentrated solutions of 
 sulphate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, acetate of 
 baryta, and chloride of barium, considerable pre- 
 cipitates were immediately produced, but concen- 
 trated solutions of the chlorides of calcium, am- 
 monium, potassium, and strontium occasioned 
 no precipitates, nor was any precipitate produced 
 by the addition of much water to the original 
 solution, an excess of a sulphate or of a baryta 
 salt being alone capable of causing precipitation. 
 The solubility, or rather non-precipitation of sul- 
 phate of baryta is much more considerable when 
 the solution of nitrate of ammonia is acidulated 
 with chlorhydric acid, even so much as 2 grms. oi 
 sulphate of baryta having been obtained dissolved 
 in a boiling solution of 500 c.c. of a saturated so- 
 lution of nitrate of ammonia mixed with 50 c.c. 
 of chlorhydric acid ; as the solution cooled a por- 
 tion of the sulphate of baryta separated with the 
 crystals of nitrate of ammonia, but a considerable 
 quantity of it still remained dissolved. But in 
 this case, according to Erdmann, the great solu- 
 bility of the sulphate of baryta is due to the pres- 
 ence of free chlorine, and should not be attributed 
 to the ammonia salt; for in a mixture of 100 c.c. 
 of a solution of nitrate of ammonia and 100 c.c. 
 of a concentrated solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium not so much as 0.08 grm. of sulphate of 
 baryta could be obtained dissolved. ( Mitten tzwey, 
 J. pr. Ch., 1858, 75. 214.) Sulphate of baryta 
 cannot be precipitated from solutions which con- 
 tain free chlorine. (Erdmann, J. pr. Ch., 75. 
 215.) Nor is it precipitated from solutions con- 
 taining normal soluble citrates, except on boiling, 
 but citric acid alone exerts no such solvent in- 
 fluence. (Spiller, J. Ch. Soc., 10. 110.) In pres- 
 ence of tartaric acid the precipitation is retarded 
 to a small extent, and also slightly by racemic 
 acid. (Spiller.) The presence of metaphosphate 
 of soda also prevents the precipitation of sulphate 
 of baryta : If to a solution of metaphosphate of 
 soda a large quantity of dilute chlorhydric acid 
 be added, and then a solution of chloride of ba- 
 rium be stirred in drop by drop, a clear solution 
 is obtained, in which no immediate precipitate is 
 produced on the addition of very dilute sulphuric 
 acid, the liquid beginning to become cloudy on 
 standing only after the lapse of several hours, or 
 even days ; a precipitate soon occurs, however, on 
 boiling the solution. For the success of the above 
 experiment, it is necessary that the sulphuric acid 
 shall be sufficiently dilute and not be added in too 
 great excess. Neither ordinary (c) phosphoric 
 acid, nor pyro (6) phosphoric acid prevent the 
 precipitation of sulphate of baryta. (Scheerer, 
 J. pr. Ch., 1858, 75. 114.) Following up Schee- 
 rer's observations, Rube has corroborated them in 
 a number of quantitative experiments, which may 
 be found in J. pr. Ch., 1858, 75. 115. Rube 
 found that the precipitates finally produced were 
 mixtures of phosphate and sulphate of baryta. 
 
 Chloride of ammonium has far less solvent 
 power over sulphate of baryta than nitrate of 
 ammonia : 0.006 grm. of anhydrous sulphate of 
 soda was dissolved in 137 c.c. of a concentrated 
 solution of chloride of ammonium, 1 c.c. of a 
 concentrated solution of chloride of barium was 
 
 added, and the whole allowed to cool ; a faint 
 cloudiness was perceptible at the end of half an 
 hour, and after 24 hours a crystalline precipitate 
 had fallen, which weighed 0.0092 grm., instead of 
 0.0098 grm., which was required by theory. Hence 
 it follows, that at most only 1 part of sulphate of 
 baryta was dissolved in 230000 pts. of the solu- 
 tion of chloride of ammonium ; but it must be 
 observed, that the precipitate does not form imme- 
 diately, and that the sulphate of baryta separates 
 out completely only after a long time. In experi- 
 ments with solutions of various strengths, which 
 were not completely saturated, it was found that 
 the precipitate occurred so much the sooner in 
 proportion as the solution was more dilute, but in 
 all the experiments the sulphate of baryta had 
 separated completely at the end of 24 hours. (Mit- 
 tentzwey, J. pr. Ch., 1858, 75. 216.) Unlike the 
 sulphates of lime and lead, it is insoluble in a 
 warm, concentrated solution of hyposulphite of 
 soda. (Diehl, J. pr. Ch., 1860, 79. 431.) Sol- 
 uble to a slight extent in an aqueous solution of 
 acetate of " baryta " [? ammonia], at tempera- 
 tures approaching the boiling point ; the filtered 
 solution, while yet hot, gives precipitates when 
 treated with chloride of barium, with sulphuric 
 acid, or carbonate of soda. (Weppen, from Arch, 
 d. Pharm., (2.) 9. 236; in J. pr. Ch., 1837, 11. 
 181.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride 
 of ammonium or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 96.) Unlike the sul- 
 phates of lime and strontia, which dissolve, it is 
 completely insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of sodium. (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 41.316.) Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of hyposulphite of soda. (Lcewe.) Decomposed 
 when boiled with an aqueous solution of carbo- 
 nate of potash, or carbonate of soda. (Dulong, 
 Ann. de Chim., 82. 279.) Decomposed when 
 boiled with an aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 potash. (Marggraf, Kirchof, Klaproth, cited by 
 H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 94. 482.) 
 
 When sulphate of baryta is mixed with a dilute 
 or concentrated solution of carbonate or bicarbo- 
 nate of potash or of soda, and the mixture al- 
 lowed to stand during a couple of days no decom- 
 position occurs. After standing a longer time, a 
 very slight decomposition ensues. If, however, 
 the mixture of sulphate of baryta and carbonated 
 alkali be boiled, some decomposition occurs at 
 once, and by the repeated application of fresh 
 portions of the solution of alkaline carbonate, 
 the whole of the sulphate of baryta may be de- 
 composed. In presence of a certain amount of 
 sulphate of potash or sulphate of soda, however, 
 this decomposition ceases: thus, sulphate of 
 baryta is not decomposed when boiled with a solu- 
 tion which contains equal weights of carbonate of 
 potash and sulphate of potash (or of carbonate of 
 soda and sulphate of soda). Nor is it completely 
 decomposed- when boiled in a solution containing 
 10 equivalents of carbonate of potash or carbonate 
 of soda in 100 times as much water; only when 
 15 equivalents or more of the alkaline carbonate 
 is present are the last traces of sulphate of baryta 
 decomposed. (H. "Rose^Pogg. Ann., 94. 484,etseq.) 
 No decomposition occurs when a mixture of 
 sulphate of baryta, sulphate of potash, and carbo- 
 nate of potash is boiled. (Dulong.) After boil- 
 ing during four hours a mixture of -^ of an equiv- 
 alent of Ba O, C O 2 , of an equivalent of Ba O, 
 S O s , \ of an equivalent of Na O, S O s , and of 
 an equivalent of Na O, C O 2 , it did not appear 
 that the relative proportions of the four salts had 
 changed sensibly. But one equivalent of sulphate 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 591 
 
 of baryta may be decomposed by boiling it at | 
 once with six equivalents of carbonate of soda, j 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. pp. 337, 
 338.) When one equivalent of Ba O, S 3 is 
 boiled with one equivalent of K 0, C 2 , in aque- 
 ous solution, 2 j^^ 7 of it may be decomposed ; 
 when boiled with an equivalent of Na 0, C 2 
 VlJTF 3 ^ '* ma y De decomposed. On the other 
 hand, when an equivalent of Ba O, C 2 is boiled 
 with one of K O, S Oa -&Q of it may be decom- 
 posed, and when boiled with an equivalent of 
 Na O, S O 3 Vf^ 2 of it may be decomposed. These 
 reactions may be disturbed by several influences, 
 notably by the new insoluble salt which is formed 
 tending to cover the original substance, and to 
 protect it from further action, also by the cohesion 
 of the original insoluble salt being increased by 
 ebullition. Thus an equivalent of artificial Ba O, 
 S Oa having been boiled during two hours in 
 water which contained an equivalent of Na 0, 
 C O 2 , Vsrl 7 of it were decomposed. In a second 
 experiment similar to this, excepting that the 
 Ba 0, S 3 employed had been used in a previous 
 experiment, which lasted four hours, and was 
 consequently covered with carbonate of baryta, 
 only \^n} 4 of the Ba O, S Os were decomposed ; 
 while in a third experiment upon sulphate of ba- 
 ryta, like the last, from which the covering of 
 carbonate had been removed by means of dilute 
 nitric acid, \ 6 7yf 4 of the Ba O, S Os were decom- 
 posed. These disturbing influences were rendered 
 still more evident by the following set of experi- 
 ments, in which all the conditions were identical, 
 excepting the time of boiling, which varied from 
 thirty minutes,' in the shortest, to sixteen hours, 
 in the longest. 
 
 No. of hours during which Percent of Ba 0, 
 
 the mixture of Ba 0, S O s S 3 decom- 
 
 and Na 0, C 2 was boiled. posed. 
 
 Oh. 30m 12.94 
 
 1 16.78 
 
 2 17.47 
 4 18.73 
 6 15.79 
 8 16.26 
 
 10 17.88 
 
 12 19.00 
 
 14 18.42 
 
 16 16.84 
 
 (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. etPhys., (3.) 51. pp. 339- 
 344, 348, 358. Compare Carbonate of Baryta.) 
 
 When powdered Ba O, S O 3 is digested for some 
 time with a solution of carbonate of potash, there 
 is a double decomposition ; combinations of sul- 
 phuric acid and potash, and carbonic, acid and j 
 baryta, being formed. (H. Davy, Elements Chem- 
 ical Philosophy, p. 103.) Powdered sulphate of 
 baryta being boiled with a solution of two or three j 
 times its weight of carbonate of potash decomposi- | 
 tion occurs, the carbonic acid passing to the ba- 
 ryta and the sulphuric to the potash. (Henry, 
 Elements of Experimental Chemistry, 2. 331.) 300 
 grains of powdered Ba 0, S O 3 having been boiled 
 with 600 grains of carbonate of potash and water, 
 evaporated to dryness, again diffused in water and 
 a second time evaporated, being subsequently di- 
 luted [washed ?] with water and the precipitate 
 treated with chlorhydric acid, this dissolved with 
 effervescence, leaving a residue of 18 grains. 
 (Klaproth's Analytical Essays, 2. 228.) To 100 
 pts. [qu. grains'?] of precipitated (washed and 
 dried) Ba O, S O 3 , 59 pts. of dry K O, C O 2 were 
 added, and the whole boiled during two hours in 
 about four ounces of water, the solution was not 
 
 evaporated to dryness, water being occasionally 
 added to supply what was lost by evaporation. 
 The precipitate was then washed with water, the 
 Ba O, C 2 dissolved by dilute nitric acid, and the 
 insoluble residue washed and dried. Its weight was 
 equal to 77 pts. ; consequently 23 of the sulphate 
 of baryta were decomposed by the carbonate of 
 potash and converted into 19.5 of carbonate of 
 baryta. On the other hand, quantities equivalent 
 to those used above, of carbonate of baryta and 
 sulphate of potash, viz., 85 pts. of Ba O, C () 2 
 and 74 pts. of K O, S 3 , were boiled in water as 
 in the preceding experiment, the solution con- 
 taining carbonate of potash was poured off, the 
 precipitate washed with water, and the undecom- 
 posed carbonate of baryta dissolved in dilute nitric 
 acid. The sulphate of baryta weighed 67 pts. ; 
 consequently 57 pts. of carbonate of baryta were 
 decomposed by the sulphate of potash. In the 
 first experiment 23 pts. of Ba 0, S Os were de- 
 composed, hence the 100 pts. of Ba O, S Os and 
 59 pts. of K O, C 2 employed, became nearly as 
 follows : 77 Ba 0, S O 3 , 45.5 K 0, C O 2) 17 
 K O, S O 3 . 19.5 Ba O, C O 2 . In the second 
 experiment 57 of Ba O, C 2 were converted into 
 sulphate, hence the 85 pts. of Ba O, C Os and 74 
 of K O, S Os gave about 67 Ba O, S Os, 39.5 
 K O, C O 2 , 24.5 K O, S 3 , 28 Ba O, C O 2 . 
 The decompositions, in both these cases, are very 
 considerable ; but as the quantities of the salts 
 which result from the action of the same propor- 
 tions of similar acids and bases are not equal, it 
 is probable that the decomposition was not in 
 either case complete, on account of the mixtures 
 not having been sufficiently digested and evapo- 
 rated to dryness. Supposing the insolubility of 
 the sulphate of baryta in the first experiment to 
 have prevented the complete action of the carbon- 
 ate of potash, we must also suppose the same 
 cause to have prevented that of the sulphate of 
 potash on the carbonate of baryta in the second 
 experiment; and allowing this cause to have op- 
 erated equally in both cases, the mean of the 
 quantities stated will probably express the result 
 which would have been obtained by carrying each 
 experiment to its utmost limit. On referring back 
 to the quantities of salts used in each experiment, 
 it will be seen [by Wollaston's scale] that they 
 consisted of acids and bases in nearly the fol- 
 lowing proportions: 34 pts. S Os, 19 pts. C Os, 
 66 pts. Ba 0, 40 pts. K ; and these combined so 
 as to give the mean of the two experiments, will 
 stand thus : 
 
 24.5 S Os + 47.5 Ba O = 72 Ba O, S O 3 
 13.75 C 2 + 28.75 K = 42.5 K O, C O,, 
 9.5 S O 3 -f- 11 25 K = 20.75 K O, S Os, 
 5.25 C O 2 + 18.50 Ba O = 23.75 Ba 0, C O 2 . 
 
 That these numbers express the quantities which 
 would result from the perfect action of the salts 
 upon each other will appear probable by examin- 
 ing the results of Klaproth's experiment. He 
 found that 600 pts. of K O, C O 2 decomposed 282 
 pts. of K O, S O 3 , consequently 59, the quantity em- 
 ployed in the experiment described above, should 
 decompose 27.6, which is within 4 of the stated 
 average. We may then safely infer that not more 
 than 72 out of 100 pts. of Ba O, S 3 can be de- 
 composed by carbonate of potash, whilst the latter 
 salt is exposed to the counteraction of the sulphate 
 of potash formed by the decomposition of the 72 
 pts., and it would appear that the power of the 
 latter is sufficient to prevent the action of almost 
 any quantity of carbonate of potash however 
 large, upon the smallest quantity of sulphate of 
 
592 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 baryta. In Klaproth's experiment not more than 
 165 pts. of carbonate of potash could have been 
 decomposed by 282 pts. of sulphate of baryta and 
 the sulphate of potash formed, amounting to 209 
 pts., by its power of reproducing sulphate of ba- 
 ryta, appears to have prevented the remaining 435 
 of carbonate of potash from decomposing 18 of 
 sulphate of baryta, although it contained at least 
 30 times more carbonic acid than the baryta could 
 have combined with. To try how far these infer- 
 ences would be strengthened by experiment, 72 
 pts. of Ba O, S O s , 42.5 of K 0, C O, 20.75 of 
 K 0, S Os, and 23.75 of Ba O, C O 2 were boiled 
 together in water for about two hours. The result 
 did not prove that the quantities are precisely 
 those which prevent the reciprocal action, but 
 they showed that the error is not very considera- 
 ble ; an increase of about 3.75 of Ba O, S O 3 
 having been found. The result of this experiment 
 is sufficient to show that the decomposition of 
 sulphate of baryta by carbonate of potash is pre- 
 vented from taking place by the power which sul- 
 phate of potash and carbonate of baryta possess 
 of reproducing it, and vice versa, that the power of 
 sulphate of potash and carbonate of baryta of 
 effecting mutual decomposition is equally de- 
 stroyed from the corresponding power of repro- 
 duction belonging to sulphate of baryta and car- 
 bonate of potash. (Richard Phillips, Journ. of 
 Royal Inst. of Gt. Br., 1816, 1. 80. [Here given 
 somewhat literally, in view of the neglect which 
 the article has hitherto received.].) 
 
 Sulphate of baryta is not decomposed like 
 sulphate of lime when digested with an aqueous 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia. (Weppen, 
 Arch. d. Pharm. (2.) 9. 236 ; in J. pr. Ch., 1837, 
 11. 183.) Unacted upon by a boiling aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash, if carbonic acid be 
 excluded. It is not decomposed by an aqueous 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia at the ordinary 
 temperature, or, at least, no more than by solu- 
 tions of the fixed alkaline carbonates ; even on 
 boiling the decomposition is but slight. (H. Rose, 
 Po</g. Ann., 95. pp. 104-109.) 
 
 On being exposed to a temperature of about 
 250 in a closed tube, during 60 hours, with an 
 aqueous solution of bicarbonate of soda, a notable 
 quantity of sulphate of baryta was dissolved, and 
 subsequently crystallized on the sides of the tube ; 
 larger crystals were obtained when chlorhydric 
 acid was used instead of the bicarbonate of soda. 
 No sensible solution of the sulphate of baryta was 
 observed when pure water or solutions of alkaline 
 sulphides were used instead of the chlorhydric 
 acid, or bicarbonate of soda. (De Senarmont, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 32. 155.) 
 
 Ui'SuLPHATE OF BARYTA. Both of these 
 
 a = Ba 0, H 0, 2 S 0, compounds absorb 
 
 b = Ba 0, H 0, 2 S 3 + 2 Aq water from the air, 
 
 with decomposition. 
 
 They are instantly decomposed by water, but 
 are soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, the 
 more readily in proportion as this is warmer. 
 (Berzelius, in his Lehrb., 3. 359.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BARYTA & OF LIME. Occurs 
 3(BaO, S0 3 ); Ca 0, S O 8 as the mineral Dre.elite. 
 Decomposed by chlor- 
 hydric acid, with partial solution. (Dufrenoy.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BARYTA & ofbinoxide OF PLA- 
 TINUM. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in boiling concentrated chlorhydric acid ; and is 
 slightly decomposed by aqua-regia. Not attacked 
 
 by boiling nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, or acetic 
 acid; or by ammonia-water. (E. Davy.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BARYTA & OF SODA. 
 
 SULPHATE OF BARYTA & OF TOLUENYL. 
 (SulphAnisolate of Baryta.) Soluble in water. 
 
 C u H 7 0, Ba 0, 2 S 3 + Aq ( Cahours.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BEBEERIN. Readily soluble in 
 acidulated water. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 413.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BENZAMIC ACID. Permanent. 
 
 NC U H 7 4 , HO,S0 3 + 2Aq Soluble in boiling, 
 
 less soluble m cold 
 
 water, and alcohol. Gradually decomposed by 
 hot water. (Gerland.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BENZIDIN. Almost insoluble 
 
 / C,, H," in boiling water, or in 
 
 N 2 5 C u H 5 . H 0, H 0, 2 S 3 a l coho l. 
 
 ' H 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF BENZOL. 
 C 14 H 6 2 ", 2 S O s 
 
 SULPHATE OF BERBERIN. Sparingly soluble 
 N j C 42 H 10 10 '" . H 0, H 0, 2 S 3 in cold waler " 
 
 SULPHATE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. Soluble in con- 
 Bi0 3 , S0 3 centrated sulphuric acid. (Heintz ; 
 Dumas.) Soluble in nitric and chlor- 
 hydric acids. 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by water. (Heintz.) Sol- 
 Bi 3) 2 S 3 + 3 Aq uble in nitric, chlorhydric, and 
 warm dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 III.) ter. Decomposed by water. Soluble in 
 Bi0 3 , 3S0 3 dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 IV.) peracid. Deliquescent. . 
 
 V .) tri. Insoluble in water. (Dumas, TV.) 
 3 Bi 3 , S 3 
 
 According to Laurent, there are two sulphates 
 of bismuth, e the one soluble, the other insoluble, in 
 water. When bismuth is dissolved in boiling ni- 
 tric acid, and the solution treated with sulphuric 
 acid, there is sometimes no precipitate whatever 
 produced, and at other times a very abundant one. 
 If a few drops of water are poured upon this pre- 
 cipitate it sometimes dissolves suddenly, and at 
 other times remains perfectly insoluble, however 
 large an amount of water be added. These phe- 
 nomena are explained by the facts, that if sulphu- 
 ric acid is added to the cold solution of the nitrate, 
 care being taken to operate upon a sufficiently 
 small quantity, so that the mixture may not be- 
 come heated," there will be no precipitate pro- 
 duced ; if too much sulphuric acid be added, there 
 will be deposited a sulphate of bismuth, crystal- 
 lized in needles, which is scarcely soluble in sul- 
 phuric acid, but extremely soluble in water; 
 upon this crystalline sulphate water be poured it 
 will dissolve immediately, but if the solution be 
 heated, whether the quantity of water present be 
 large or small, a sulphate of bismuth will grad- 
 ually be precipitated, which is insoluble either in 
 hot or cold water, and which will not dissolve even 
 on the addition of a considerable quantity of sul- 
 phuric acid. (Laurent, in his Chemical Method 
 (Cavendish Soc. Ed.), p. 163.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF BISMUTH & OF POTASH. Ppt. 
 
 Bi0 3 , 3 SO,; 3(KO,S0 3 ) Decomposed by water. 
 
 Insoluble in a saturated 
 
 aqueous solution of sulphate of potash. (Heintz.) 
 SULPHATE OF BISMUTH ETHYL. 
 SULPHATE OF WBROMALLYLAMIN. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF BRUCIN. 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 593 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. Spar- 
 
 N 2 J C 46 H M 0." . H 0, S 3 + 7 Aq in g lv s luble in 
 2 ( alcohol. 
 
 II.) acW. May be washed with ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF BUTYL. Vid. ButylSulphu- 
 ric Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CACODTL. Very deliquescent. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CACOPLATTL. Permanent. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CACOTHELIN. Decomposed by 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. Soluble in sulphu- 
 ric acid. (Strecker.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I.) Efflorescent. Easily soluble in water. 
 
 CdO, S0 3 -t-4Aq (Stromeyer.) Soluble in 1.04 
 
 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 
 from (Esterr. Zeitstchrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 II.) Sparingly soluble in water. (Stromeyer.) 
 2 Cd 0, S 3 + Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF CADMIUM & OF MAGNESIA. 
 CdO,S0 3 ;MgO,S0 3 -f- 6Aq Easily soluble in water. 
 (Schiff.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CADMIUM & OF POTASH. Ea- 
 Cd 0, S O 3 ; K 0, S 3 + 6 Aq sily efflorescent. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CADMIUM & OF SODA. 
 CdO,S0 3 ; NaO,S0 3 +2 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF CADMICM&JAMIN. Soluble in 
 (Ammanio- Sulphate of Cadmium.) water, with partial 
 N 2 \ H 6 . Cd 0, S 3 decomposition. (H. 
 
 Rose.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CAFFEIN. There is an acid 
 salt, and also a neutral salt ; they dissolve more 
 readily in water than in alcohol. (Guenther.) 
 Easily decomposed by water. (Gerhardt, 7V.) 
 Caffein is easily soluble in dilute sulphuric acid, 
 but no solid salt can be obtained. (Mulder.) 
 Sparingly soluble in ether. (Herzog.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF M'CAPROYLAMIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CAPRYL. Vid. OctylSulphuric 
 Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CAPRYLAMIN. Vid. Sulphate 
 of Octylamin. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CARBURETTED HYDROGEN. 
 Vid. EthylSulphate of Wine Oil. 
 
 " SULPHATE dp CARBYL." Vid. Ethionic 
 Acid ( Anhyd rous ) . 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Difficultly soluble in water. 
 Ce 0, S 3 
 
 b = hydrated. Very soluble in cold water, but 
 Ce 0, S 3 -f 3 Aq on boiling the solution Ce O, 
 S O 3 + l Aq is precipitated. 
 (Otto.) Much more soluble in cold than in hot 
 water. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 
 213.) Sulphate of cerium may be completely 
 precipitated from its aqueous solution by adding 
 a suitable quantity of concentrated acetic acid. 
 (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF CERIUM. Efflo- 
 Ce 2 O 3 , 3 S 3 rescent. Soluble in a small quan- 
 tity of water. When the aqueous 
 solution is diluted with much water and boiled, a 
 basic salt is precipitated. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 Soluble in dilute sulphuric acid. The basic ses- 
 quisulphate of eerie oxide (Bunsen's) requires a 
 very large excess of sulphuric acid for its solu- 
 tion. (Ordway.) 
 
 SULPHATE ofprot- Sf of sesquioxide OF CERIUM. 
 (CeretoCeric Sulphate.) 
 
 75 
 
 I.) normal. Completely soluble in a small 
 quantity of water, but on adding a larger quan- 
 tity of water a basic salt is precipitated, while 
 sulphate of the protoxide is dissolved. When 
 treated with warm chlorhydric acid it is readily 
 transformed into protochloride, chlorine being 
 evolved. (H. Rose, 7V.) Easily soluble in wa- 
 ter acidulated with nitric or sulphuric acid. When 
 this solution is diluted with a large excess of wa- 
 ter a basic salt (No. 2) is precipitated. (Marig- 
 nac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 212.) 
 
 II.) basic. Almost entirely insoluble in pure 
 (CerosoCeric sub Sulphate.) water. Very spar- 
 
 3 Ce 0, 2 Ce 2 3 , 4 S O 3 + 7 Aq i ng i y so luble in cold 
 dilute nitric or sul- 
 phuric acid. Easily soluble, with decomposition, 
 in boiling acids. (Marignac, loc.cit., pp. 212,221.) 
 Soluble in 2500 pts. of water. (Mosander.) Sol- 
 uble in c.hlorhydric acid, from which it is repre- 
 cipitated on thu addition of alkalies. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF CERIUM & OF POT- 
 KO, S0 3 ; CeO,S 3 ASH. Only slightly soluble 
 in cold, but rather freely sol- 
 uble in boiling water. Completely insoluble in 
 a saturated aqueous solution of sulphate of pot- 
 ash. (Berzelius.) Less soluble than the sulphate 
 of potash and of yttria. (Gahn & Berzelius.) 
 This precipitate forms even in solutions which 
 contain a small quantity of free acid, and is not 
 soluble in dilute acids. (H. Rose, TV.) Slightly 
 soluble in dilute sulphuric acid. (Hisinger & 
 Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF CERIUM & OF 
 K 0, S 3 ; Ce 2 3 , 3 S O 3 POTASH. Difficultly sol- 
 uble in water. Complete- 
 ly insoluble in a saturated aqueous solution 
 of sulphate of potash. (Berzelius & Hisinger.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF CERIUM & OF SODA. 
 2 (Ce 0, S 3 ) ; Na 0, S 3 Much more soluble in 
 water than the corre- 
 sponding potash salt. (Beringer.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CERYL. Entirely soluble in 
 C M H M 0, H 0, S 3 water, especially if this be 
 mixed with a little alcohol. 
 Soluble in ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CETYLANILIN. Is the most 
 soluble of the salts of cetylanilin. It is soluble in 
 alcohol, from which it is completely precipitated 
 on the addition of water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CHELIDONIN. Permanent. 
 Very readily soluble in water, spirit, and absolute 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Probst, Ann. der 
 Pharm., 29. 127.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CHLORANILIN. Soluble in 
 M 5C t2 H 4 Cl wn QA boiling, less soluble in 
 N 1 H, H 0, S 3 coM water Lesg soluble 
 
 in alcohol than in water. 
 (Hofmann.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ^CHLORIDE OF MERCURY. 
 
 SULPHATE OF /jentoCHLORiDE OF PHOSPHO- 
 RUS. 
 
 I.) PC1 B , S0 3 I Decomposed by water. 
 
 II). PC1 D ,2S0 3 ( 
 
 SULPHATE OF CHLORIDE OF SELENIUM. De- 
 
 2 (Se 2 C1 3 ), 6 S 8 (?) liquescent. Readily soluble, 
 
 with decomposition, in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF &J'CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR. De- 
 S C1 2 , S O s composed by water, and alcohol. (Mil- 
 Ion.) 
 
594 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 JBi'SuLPHATE or fcrCHLORiDE OF SULPHUR. I diluted, and so much the more readily in propor- 
 liloroSitlphiiric Add. Decomposed by water, tion as more water is added. On "evaporation, 
 
 i Chloride.) ^^ g reat evolution of however, this precipitate rcclissolves. If the di- 
 
 heat. (Kegnanlt.) Also \ lute solution is filtered off from the precipitate 
 decomposed by alcohol, and more difficultly by I and then heated, it deposits a fresh portion of the 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
 basic salt No. 3, but this redissolves when the so- 
 lution is boiled. A still more abundant precipi- 
 tate is produced when the dilute solution is heated. 
 Concentrated solutions of 1.219 or more sp. gr. 
 can be boiled without becoming cloudy, but a 
 
 1.002 at 45; and of 1.001 at 55; a still more 
 dilute solution remains clear even at a boiling 
 Slowl y ; heat. (Schrcetter.) 
 III.) 
 
 3 Cr 2 3 , 2 S 3 - 
 ( Green.) 
 
 ether. 
 
 Qui'nyuz'SuLPHATE OF terCiiLORiDE OF SUL- 
 SC1 3 , 5S0 3 PHDR. Slowly decomposed by wa- 
 ter. When first put into water it 
 sinks to the bottom, and does not dissolve for , 
 
 several hours, even when stirred. It appears to j solution of 1.116 sp. gr. begins to become turbid 
 be converted into a hydrate before it dissolves. when heated to 57; of 1.037 IS) 1.031 at 64; of 
 Also decomposed by alcohol, and ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ^'CHLORIDE OF TIN. 
 soluble in water, with decomposition. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CHLOROBENZENE. Vid. Chlo- 
 roPhen}'! Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 jSULPHATE OF ClILOROBENZTLENE. Vid. 
 
 Chloride of SulphoBenzoyl. 
 
 SULPHATE OF &/CHLOROBENZYLENE. Vid. 
 ChloroSulphoBenzoic Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CHLOROCODEIN. Very readily 
 
 N 5 H I C1 " . H 0, S o, + 4 Aq ? oluble in b n ' 
 
 <tt ing, less solu- 
 
 ble in cold wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. (Anderson.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CHLORONITROHARMALIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CHLOROSTRYCHNINE. Soluble 
 KT I r- TI PI n .1 TT n a A i7A in water. (Lau- 
 
 "2 < ^4 2 ti 2 i -l V4 TI .11 U, B O 3 -|- 7 Aq . , 
 
 etPhys., (3.) 24.313.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Deli- 
 Cr 0, S 3 + Aq quescent. 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 I.) normal or ter. 
 
 a = Blue soluble modification. Soluble in 0.833 
 Cr s 3 , 3 S 3 +15 Aq pt. of cold water. Melts in 
 its water of crystallization 
 at 100, but is transformed at the same time into 
 the green modification (/). When the aqueous 
 solution is heated to 65 (a) 70, the green modifi- 
 cation is produced. Less soluble in spirit than in 
 
 water. When an aqueous solution of the blue salt . - .. 
 
 is covered with alcohol in such a manner that the I tlon u P on u at the Ordl al 7 temperature ; at least 
 two liquids do not mix, the blue solution com- none in the course of sevcral da - vs - (Hertwig.) 
 
 equivalents of water. 
 Permanent. Efflo- 
 resces in warm air. 
 Soluble in 5 (8) 6 
 When the solution is heated 
 
 mences to become green at the top, and the reac- 
 tion goes on from above downward, until the 
 whole solution has become green. (Schrcetter, 
 in Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 (i = Insoluble modification. Insoluble in water, 
 
 Crj0 3 ,3SO s in ammonia- water, or in sulphuric, 
 chlorhydric, or nitric acids, or in 
 aqua-regia. Not decomposed by cold aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic, or carbonated alkalies, 
 and only very incompletely by boiling caustic 
 alkalies. 
 
 Y = Green soluble modification. Readily soluble 
 Cr 2 3) 3 S 8 + 5 Aq in water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. When a concentrated aqueous solution is 
 allowed to stand, it passes into the blue modifica- 
 
 tion in the course of 3 or 4 weeks. 
 Berzetius's Lehrb.) 
 
 (Schrcetter, in 
 
 II.) It (yreen). Soluble in a small quantity of 
 
 Cr, O s , 2 S O s water, but a precipitate of No. 3 is 
 
 produced in this solution when it is 
 
 Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids, 
 14 Aq readily when moist, and 
 more difficultly in propor- 
 tion as it has been more 
 strongly dried or heated. Slowly, but completely, 
 decomposed by boiling aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic or carbonated alkalies. 
 
 IV.) Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids. 
 2Cr 2 3 ,3S0 3 (Krueger.) 
 (Rose-red.') 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM & OF 
 
 CrO,S0 3 ; KO,30 3 + 6Aq POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 water ; less soluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 546.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM &. OF 
 POTASH. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Insoluble in water. 
 KO, S0 3 ; Cr 2 3< 38Oj 
 
 Modlf. a (not decomposed by water). Unacted 
 upon by ammonia-water, or hy sulphuric, chlor- 
 hydric, or nitric acid, even when boiled with them. 
 Decomposed by long boiling with a solution of 
 caustic potash. (Hertwig; Hilgard, Am. J. Sci., 
 (2.) 24. 390.) 
 
 Modif. ft (Decomposed by boiling water). Un- 
 acted upon by cold, decomposed by long-con- 
 tinued boiling with water. (Hertwig; Hilgard, 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) bihydrated(green). Dissolves after long- 
 Cr a 3 , 3 s'o 3 ; K 0, S 3 + 2 Aq continued boiling 
 
 with water, more 
 
 rapidly if acid be present ; but neither water nor 
 dilute chlorhydric or sulphuric acid have any ac- 
 
 III.) bihydrated, with 24 
 (Potash Chrome Alum.) 
 Cr 2 O 3 ,3S 3 ; KO,S 3 +24Aq 
 
 pts. of cold water. 
 to' 50 (8) 70 partial decomposition occurs, a quan- 
 tity of the green modilication of sulphate of 
 chromium being formed. 
 
 If chrome alum be dissolved in 2 or 3 pts. of 
 hot water, and this solution boiled during 20 or 
 30 minutes, or even only heated to 60 <3> 10, the 
 24 Aqsalt is converted to a green compound con- 
 taining only 6 t^ 7 equivalents of water of crys- 
 tallization, which is more soluble in water than 
 the original alum ; hence the boiled solution does 
 not deposit crystals on cooling. After the lapse 
 of several days a portion of the original salt, with 
 24 equivalents of Aq, is reproduced and depos- 
 ited, but this change is extremely slow : after two 
 months only 50 or 60% of the salt originally dis- 
 solved was deposited ; and if boiled solutions be 
 kept out of contact with the air, they may be pre- 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 595 
 
 served for an indefinite length of time without 
 crystallizing. This change of the salt containing 
 24 Aq to others less hydrated may also be effected 
 by heating it to 100, at which temperature the 
 crystals rnelt in their water of crystallization ; 
 aqueous fusion is in every case necessary to pro- 
 duce this change. When all the water of crys- 
 tallization has been expelled from chrome alum 
 by heating it at temperatures from 300' (5) 350', it 
 still dissolves when boiled for a few minutes in 
 water, but if it is heated beyond 350 a change 
 ensues, and the compound becomes entirely in- 
 soluble in boiling water. (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. et 
 Plii/ft. t (3.) 44. 313.) Insoluble in alcohol, by 
 which it may be precipitated from the aqueous 
 solution. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 III.) Completely insoluble in water or in dilute 
 2 (Cr 2 3 , 2 S O 3 ) ; K 0, S 3 acids. ( Wittstein. ) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM & OF 
 
 SODA. 
 
 a = violet modif. Efflorescent. Soluble in wa- 
 
 (Sorta Chrome Alum.) ter. 
 
 Cr 2 3 , 3 S 3 5 Na O, S 3 + 24 Aq 
 
 b = green modif. 
 Cr 2 3) 3 S 3 ; Na'O, S O s + 8 Aq 
 
 I.) SULPHATE OP CiNCHONiDiN(of Witt- 
 stein). 
 
 a = normal. 
 N 2 ) Cje H 20 0,, H 0, S 3 + 3 Aq 
 
 Soluble in 95 pts. of water at 10. 
 
 " 1 pt. " boiling. 
 
 " 48 pts. of alcohol at 10. 
 
 " 0.5 pt. " boiling. 
 
 " 18 pts. of ether at 10. 
 
 6 = acid. .Easily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) SULPHATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). 
 a = normal. Soluble in 130 pts. of water at 
 
 N Sr H O" TIOSO 17 ' and in 16 P ts - of 
 N 2 j |C 10 H 24 <V . II 0, S 3 water at ]OQO y ery 
 
 easily soluble in alcohol. Almost insoluble in 
 ether. (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 82. 153.) 
 Soluble in 30 i 32 pts. of cold absolute alcohol, 
 and in 7 pts. of cold alcohol of 90%. (Btissy & 
 Guibourt, Journ. de Pharm. et Chim., 1852, "(3.) 
 22. 414.) 
 
 As regards solubility in water, spirit, and ether, 
 it is not to be distinguished from sulphate of qui- 
 nine. (Winckler, from Buchn. Rep., (2.) 49. 1, in 
 Pharm., Central B., 1848, 19. 310.) 
 
 6 = acid. Easily soluble in water. (Leers, 
 loc.cit., p. 154.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF aCiNCHOMN. Permanent. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in about 54 pts. of water 
 (" Basic.") at the ordinary 
 
 N 2 \ C 40 H 24 2 vi .HO, S 3 + 2 Aq temporal ure. 
 
 Soluble in 11.5 
 
 pts. of absolute alcohol at 13, and in 6.5 pts. 
 of alcohol of 0.85 sp. gr., at 13. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1824, (2.) 
 27. 326.) 1 pt. of "sulphate of cinchonin " 
 is soluble in 53.33 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresberie.ht,'fdr 1854, p. 75.) 100 pts. 
 of chloroform dissolve 3 pts. of it. (Sehlimpert, 
 Koppfr Will's J. B.,fiir 1859, p. 405.) "Sul- 
 phate of huanokin" is scarcely at all soluble in 
 water. Easily soluble in an excess of sulphuric 
 acid. Difficultly soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 (A. Erdmann.) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent, or slightly efflorescent 
 
 ("Neutral.") if the air 
 
 N 2 5 C 40 H 24 O/ 1 . H 0, H 0, 2 S 3 + 6 Aq be dry. 
 
 Soluble 
 
 in 0.46 pt. of water at 14, the saturated solution 
 containing 68.49% of it; very soluble in boiling 
 water. Soluble in 0.9 pt. of alcohol, of 0.85 sp. 
 gr., at 14, and in I pt. of absolute alcohol, at 14. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Baup, loc. cit., p. 325.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF /?CINCHONIN. Soluble in 75 
 N 2 j C H 24 2 " . H 0, S 3 + 2 Aq P ts " of cold and 
 
 water ; in 13.6 
 
 pts. of cold, and in 1.5 pt. of hot alcohol, of 80%. 
 Insoluble in ether. ( W. Schwabe, Kopp $~ WilCs 
 J. B., fur 1860, p. 364. ) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT. 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Somewhat difficultly soluble 
 Co 0, S 3 in cold, more readily soluble in hot 
 water. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 138.) 
 
 Dissolve of the salt, cal- 
 culated as anhydrous, pts. 
 
 . 26.2 
 
 100 pt?. of water 
 atC. 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 24 
 29 
 35 
 44 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 
 30.5 
 36.4 
 38.9 
 40.0 
 46.3 
 50.4 
 55.2 
 60.4 
 65.7 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Efflorescent. 100 pts. of water 
 
 CoO, SO 8 + 7Aq at 15.5 dissolve 6 pts. of the 
 
 crystallized salt. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 Soluble in 24 pts. of water at 10. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 Calculated as anhydrous salt, from Persoz's 
 observation it is soluble in 44.33 pts. of water. 
 (Kremers.) Sulphate of cobalt is completely pre- 
 cipitated from its aqueous solution on the addition 
 of glacial acetic acid. (Pcrsoz, Chim. Mote'c., p. 
 346 ; also Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT & OF COPPER. Easily 
 2 (Co 0, S 3 ) ; Cu 0, S 3 + 36 Aq soluble in water. 
 
 (Liebig.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT, OF COPPER, OF MAG- 
 NESIA, OF 
 POTASH, & 
 OF ZINC. 
 
 Co 0, S O 3 ; Cu 0, 8 3 ; Mg 0, S 3 ; 
 4 (K 0, S O 3 ) ; Zn O, S 3 -f- 24 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT, OF COPPER, & OF 
 CoO, S0 3 ; CuO, SO S ; POTASH. Soluble in 
 2 (K 0, S 3 ) -I- 12 Aq water> (Vohl, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 59.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT, OF IRON, & OF POT- 
 CO O, S 3 i Fe 0, S O 3 ; ASH. 
 
 2 (K O, S 3 ) + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT & OF MAGNESIA. Ea- 
 
 3 Co 0, S 3 ; Mg O, S 3 + 28 Aq sily soluble in wa- 
 
 ter. (Winkelblech.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT, OF MAGNESIA, & OF 
 Co 0, S 3 ; Mg 0, S 3 ; POTASH. 
 2 (K O, S O 8 ) + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT, OF MANGANESE, & OF 
 Co 0, S O s ; Mn 0, S O 3 ; POTASH. 
 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT, OF NICKEL, & OF 
 Co 0, S 3 ; Ni 0, S O s ; POTASH. 
 2 (K 0,80,) + 12 Aq 
 
596 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT & OF POTASH. Some- 
 
 Co 0, 8 O 3 ; K 0, S 8 + 6 Aq what less soluble in 
 water than sulphate 
 of cobalt. (Proust ; Guignet, C. R., 49. 454.) 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 at C. 
 
 
 12 
 15 
 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 49 
 
 Dissolve of the an- 
 hydrous salt, pts. 
 
 19.1 
 30.0 
 32.5 
 39.4 
 45.3 
 51.9 
 55.4 
 64.6 
 . 81.3 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 Considerably more soluble in water than the 
 corresponding nickel salt. The aqueous solution 
 saturated (slightly supersaturated) at 
 
 20 contains 13.968% of the anhydr. salt- 
 40 " 19.539 " " 
 
 60 " 24.372 " " 
 
 80 " 31.816 " " 
 
 (C. T. Hauer, J. pr. Ch., 1858, 74. 434.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT, OF POTASH, & OF 
 Co 0, S 3 ; 2 (K 0,S 3 ) ; Zn 0, S O 3 -f 12 Aq ZlNC. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COBALT & OF ZINC. Efflores- 
 cent. Very soluble in water. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CosALTferAMiN. Partially 
 (Ammonia Sulphate of Cobalt.) soluble, with decom- 
 N s S EJ 9 . Co 0, S O s position, in water, 
 
 of cobalt remains undissolved. (H. Rose.) Ap- 
 pears to be very soluble in ammonia-water ; but 
 this solution deposits an insoluble subsalt when 
 diluted with much water. Alcohol produces a 
 precipitate in this solution, but the salt is thereby 
 decomposed. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 35. 269.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CODEIN. Soluble in 30 pts. of 
 t C H co ^ water. Very 
 
 water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CONIIN. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 ble in water in all proportions. Also soluble in a 
 mixture of alcohol and ether. (Geiger. ) Very 
 easily soluble in water. (BIyth, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 354.) Soluble in all proportions in alcohol. 
 (Charland & Henry.) 
 
 SULPHATE ofdinoxide OF COPPER? Insoluble 
 Cu 2 O, S O s in water or in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. Soluble, with decomposition, 
 in nitric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 800.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Combines with water with 
 
 CuO, SO S great evolution of heat. (Graham.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 15.107 
 
 pts. of it. (Pfaff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 226.) 
 
 b Cu 0, S o s + Aq Permanent. Soluble 
 (Green Sulphate of Copper.) in water. 
 
 c = Cu 0, S O 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 d = CuO, S 3 + 5 Aq Effloresces on the sur- 
 
 (Blue Vitriol. Copper Vitriol.) face. Soluble in 2.34 
 
 pts. of water at 18; 
 
 or 100 pts. of water at 18 dissolve 42.7 pts. of it; 
 or the aqueous solution saturated at 18 contains 
 29. 8% of it, or 19.1% of the anhydrous salt, and 
 is of 1.2147 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch u. Pharm., 
 1859, 109. 326. See also his alcohol table below.) 
 
 1 pt. of the crystallized salt is soluble in 
 
 [3.32 pts. of water at 4 (cited in Gm.)] 
 
 2.70 
 1.85 
 1.70 
 1.14 
 1.28 
 1.09 
 0.78 
 0.55 
 0.49 
 
 18.75 
 
 31.25 
 
 37.50 
 
 50 
 
 62.5 
 
 75 
 
 87.5 
 100 
 103.7 
 
 (boiling 
 
 point of the saturated aqueous solution). 
 
 Or 100 pts. of water at 
 
 18.75 dissolve 37 pts. of the cryst. salt. 
 
 31.25 
 37.50 
 50 
 62.5 
 75 
 87.5 
 100 
 103.7 
 
 54 
 59 
 
 87 
 
 78 
 
 92 
 
 129 
 
 181 
 
 209 
 
 (Brandes & Gruner, from Trommsdorffs N. 
 Journ. der Pharm., 1826, vol. 12, in Brandes' s 
 Archiv., 1827,22. 169.) 
 
 Dissolve 
 
 100 pts. of pts. of the anhyd. pts. of the cryst. salt, 
 water at C. salt, Cu , S 3 . Cu 0, S 3 + 6 Aq. 
 
 ... 18.20 .... 31.61 
 
 10 20.92 36.95 
 
 20 23.55 42.31 
 
 30 26.63 48.81 
 
 40 30.29 56.90 
 
 50 34.14 6583 
 
 60 3883 77.39 
 
 70 45.06 94.00 
 
 80 53.15 118.03 
 
 90 64.23 156.44 
 
 100 . . . 75.35 .... 203.32 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 467.) 
 
 ... 17. 
 
 20 24.3 
 
 35 28.6 
 
 54 . . 36.1 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 
 15.5 . . . 45.352 
 
 [T.] 
 
 100 pts. of the aqueous solution saturated at its 
 boiling point (102.2) contain 45 pts. of the dry 
 salt; or 100 pts. of water, at 102.2, dissolve 
 81.82 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble 
 in 1.222 pts. of water at 102.2. (T. Griffiths, 
 Quar. J. Set., 1825, 18. 90.) The aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated at 17.5 is of 1.182 sp. gr., it con- 
 tains 29.3% of the salt; or 100 pts. of water at 
 17.5 dissolve 41.45 pts. of the hydrated salt; or 
 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 2.412 pts. of water at 
 17.5. (Karstcn, Berlin AbhandL, 1840, p. 101.) 
 Soluble in somewhat less than 4 pts. of water at 
 a moderate heat, but much mpre soluble in boiling 
 water. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 183.) Soluble in 
 4 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts. of boiling water, the 
 saturated cold solution containing 20% of it, and 
 the saturated boiling solution 33.33%. (Schu- 
 barth, Tech. Chem., & M. R. & P.) The aqueous 
 solution saturated at 15 is of 1.185913 sp.gr., 
 and contains dissolved in every 100 pts. of water 
 at least 33.103 pts. of the crystallized salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Pliys., (3.) 41. 
 pp. 478,482.) 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 597 
 
 ' The aqueous solution saturated 
 
 at ? contains 5.5% of it (Mussembrock) ; 
 at 10 " 52.9 " (Eller); and 
 at 12.5 " 25 " (Hassenfratz, Ann. 
 de Chim., 28. 291.) 
 
 When strongly heated it melts in its water of 
 crystallization. The hot aqueous solution is liable 
 to become supersaturated on cooling. (Fischer, 
 Schw., 12. 187 [Gm.] ; Coxe.) The aqueous so- 
 lution saturated at 8 is of 1.17 sp. gr. (Anthon, 
 Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 210.) 
 
 A solution of sp. gr. 
 at 12.6. 
 1.0141 
 
 Contains percent of sul- 
 phate of copper. 
 2 
 
 1.0280 
 
 4 
 
 1.0413 
 
 6 
 
 1.0539 
 
 8 
 
 1.0660 
 
 10 
 
 1.0795 
 
 12 
 
 1.0938 
 
 14 
 
 1.1083 
 
 16 
 
 1.1230 
 
 18 
 
 1.1380 
 
 20 
 
 1.1513 
 1.1747 
 
 22 
 24 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. 
 
 de Chim., 28. 297.) 
 
 An aqueous solu- 
 tion of sp. gr. 
 (at 18). 
 1.2147 . . 
 
 Contains (by experiment) 
 percent of 
 CuO, S0 3 + 5 Aq. 
 
 . . . 29 89 
 
 1.1355 
 
 19.97 
 
 1.0649 
 
 9.96 
 
 1.0423 
 1.0210 , 
 
 6.64 
 3.32 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 
 335.) 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the fol- 
 lowing table by means of the formula : D = 
 1 + 0.0063 p + 0.000014 p 2 + 0.000000483 p 3 ; 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 
 Percent of 
 
 Percent of anhydr. 
 
 (at 18). Cu 0, S 3 + 5 Aq. 
 
 Cu 0, S 3 
 
 1.0063 
 
 1 ... 
 
 0.637 
 
 1.0126 
 
 2 
 
 1.275 
 
 1.0190 
 
 3 
 
 1.912 
 
 1 .0254 
 
 4 
 
 2.550 
 
 1.0319 
 
 5 
 
 3.187 
 
 1.0384 
 
 6 
 
 3.825 
 
 1.0450 
 
 7 
 
 4.462 
 
 1.0516 
 
 8 
 
 5.100 
 
 1.0582 
 
 9 
 
 5.737 
 
 1.0649 
 
 10 
 
 6.375 
 
 1.0716 
 
 11 
 
 7.012 
 
 1.0785 
 
 12 
 
 7.650 
 
 1 0854 
 
 13 
 
 8.287 
 
 1.0923 
 
 14 
 
 8.925 
 
 1.0993 
 
 15 
 
 9.562 
 
 1.1063 
 
 16 
 
 10200 
 
 1.1135 
 
 17 
 
 10.837 
 
 1.1208 
 
 18 
 
 11.474 
 
 1.1281 
 
 19 
 
 12.111 
 
 1.1354 
 
 20 
 
 1 2.750 
 
 1.1427 
 
 21 
 
 13.387 
 
 1.1501 
 
 22 
 
 14.025 
 
 1.1585 
 
 23 
 
 14.662 
 
 1.1659 
 
 24 
 
 15.300 
 
 1.1738 
 
 25 
 
 15.938 
 
 1.1817 
 
 26 
 
 16.574 
 
 1.1898 
 
 27 
 
 17.211 
 
 1.1980 
 
 28 
 
 17.848 
 
 1 .2063 
 
 29 
 
 18.486 
 
 1.2146 . 
 
 . 30 ... 
 
 19.125 
 
 (H. Schiff, 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859,110. 71.) 
 
 It begins to be insoluble in spirit of 0.905 sp. 
 jr., so that 4000 pts. of this spirit scarcely dissolve 
 1 pt. of it. (Anthon, J. pr. Ch., 14. 125.) 
 
 A solution (saturated 
 
 at 15) in alcohol of Contains percent of 
 
 sp. gr. percent by weight. Cu 0, S O s + 6 Aq. 
 
 1.000 ... .... 27.2 
 0.986 10 13.3 
 
 0.972 20 3.1 
 
 0.939 ... 40 .... 0.25 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861,118. 365.) 
 Soluble in glycerin (Pelouze) ; and in picolin 
 (Unverdorben). Soluble in chlorhydric acid, with 
 reduction of temperature. (Kane) Sulphate of 
 copper is completely precipitated from its aqueous 
 solution on the addition of glacial acetic acid. 
 (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., p. 346; also Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) 
 
 Sulphate of copper is soluble in a saturated 
 aqueous solution of sulphate of soda. (Karsten, 
 loc. cit.) When an excess of a mixture of sul- 
 phate of copper and sulphate of soda is treated 
 with water at 0, 100 pts. of the latter dissolve 
 14.349 pts. of anhydrous mixed salt, viz., 8038 
 pts. of Cu O, S 3 ; and 6.31 1 pts. of Na O, S Os ; 
 relations very different from these, however, ob- 
 tain when the water is present in excess. (Pfaff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 227.) 
 
 Sulphate of copper is slowly and sparingly sol- 
 uble in a saturated aqueous solution of sulphate 
 of magnesia, but if this solution is evaporated the 
 two salts separate out almost simultaneously. 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 125.) When an excess of a 
 mixture of sulphate of copper and sulphate of 
 magnesia is treated with water at 0, 100 pts. of 
 the latter dissolve 30.473 pts. of the anhydrous 
 mixed salts, viz. 6.559 pts. of Cu O, S 63, and 
 23.914 pts. of Mg 0, S 63. When an excess of 
 water is employed relations very different from 
 these are obtained. (Pfaff, loc. cit.) When an 
 excess of a mixture of sulphate of copper, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, and sulphate of soda is treated 
 with water at 0, 100 pts. of the latter dissolve 
 35.318 pts. of anhydrous mixed salt, viz. 7.169 
 pts. of Cu O, S O 3 , 21.319 pts. of Mg O, S O 3 , 
 and 6 830 pts. of Na O, S Os. Very different 
 relations are obtained, however, when an excess 
 of water is employed. (Pfaff, loc. cit.) 
 
 Sulphate of copper is tolerably rapidly soluble 
 in a saturated aqueous solution of sulphate of 
 potash, but only to form a double salt, which 
 separates out. (Kargten, loc. cit., p. 127.) It is 
 exceedingly slowly soluble in a saturated aqueous 
 solution of sulphate of zinc, with formation of a 
 double salt, which separates out. (Karsten, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium ; difficultly soluble in a saturated 
 solution of chloride of ammonium, a double sul- 
 phate of copper and ammonia meanwhile separat- 
 ing out. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 128.) 
 
 Slowly soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate 
 of potash, with formation of a double sulphate, 
 which separates out ; very slowly soluble in a 
 saturated solution of nitrate of soda, with separa- 
 tion of a double sulphate. (Karsten, loc. cit., 
 pp. 129, 130.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water. (Thomson.) 
 
 III.) tri. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 3CuO, S0 3 + 3 Aq 
 
 IV.) tetra. Insoluble in water. (Proust.) Sol- 
 4 CuO, S 3 + 4 Aq uble, with considerable facility, 
 in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of ammonia, and also, though perhaps not 
 
598 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 to so great an extent, in solutions of chloride of| I.) Permanent. Readily soluble in water. Less 
 ammonium and of nitrate of ammonia, the more Cu 0, S 3 ; K 0, S O 3 + 6 Aq soluble in water than 
 
 .bisulphate of potash. 
 
 When the salt is pure its solution may be boiled, 
 or repeatedly crystallized, without decomposition, 
 but if an excess of sulphate of potash or of salt 
 No. II. be present, the solution will be decom- 
 posed when heated to 60, with deposition of the 
 difficultly soluble double salt No. II. (Persoz, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 272.) 100 pts. of the 
 aqueous solution saturated at its boiling point 
 (102.8) contains 40 pts." of the dry salt; or 100 
 pts. of water at 102.8 dissolve 66.666 pts. of it; 
 or 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 1.5 pt. of wa- 
 ter at 102.8. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 
 18. 90.) Much more soluble in hot than in cold 
 water. (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 251.) 
 Easily soluble in water. (A. Vogel.) 
 
 II.) Very sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 4 (Cu 0, S 3 ) ; K O, S O 3 + 4 Aq (Persoz, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 25. 
 
 271.) Decomposed by washing with water. 
 (Graham.) 
 
 III.) When boiled with water the normal 
 3 (Cu O, S O 3 ) ; K O, S O 3 ; Cu O + 4 Aq double salt 
 
 (No. 1) is 
 dissolved out, while basic sulphate of copper re- 
 
 readily as these are more concentrated. (Lea, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 31. 190.) The native com- 
 pound (Brochantite, =4 Cu O, S Os -f 3 Aq) 
 is insoluble in water, but soluble in acids. 
 
 V.) penta. Ppt. 
 6 Cu 0, S 3 + 5 Aq 
 
 VI.) octo. Ppt. 
 8 Cu 0, S 8 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & OF CUPRAMMONIUM. 
 CuO,S0 3i NJ c ^.O, S0 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & OF ETHYLAMIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & of protoxide OF IRON. 
 4 (Cu 0, S 3 ) ; Fe 0, S 3 + 34 Aq 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 15.5 dissolve 
 
 75.91 pts. of it. (Thomson, in his System of 
 Chem., London, 1831, 2. 770.) 
 
 Other compounds of the two salts have been 
 described, as Cu O, S O 3 ; 2 (Fe O, S 3 ) + 20 
 Aq (Volland); Cu O, S Os; 3 (Fe O, S Os) 
 -f 28 Aq (Lefort), &c., &c. They are all solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & of sesquioxide OF 
 Cu 0, S O 3 ; Fe 2 3 , 3 S 3 4- 24 Aq IRON. Solable 
 
 in water. (Bas- 
 tick.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, of protoxide OF IRON, 
 & OF NICKEL. Efflorescent. (Link.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, OF IRON, & OF POT- 
 Cu 0, S 3 ; Fe 0, S O 3 ; 2 (K 0, S O 3 ) + 12 Aq ASH. 
 
 Solu- 
 ble, without decomposition, in water free from 
 air. ( Vohl, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 61.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & OF MAGNESIA. The 
 
 Cu 0, S 3 ; MgO, S0 3 2 Aq salt is permanent 
 
 -f 2 Aq&6Aq&14Aq (Arrot) ; but the 14 Aq salt 
 
 is efflorescent. Soluble in 
 
 water. (Scacchi.) If the aqueous solution is al 
 lowed to evaporate spontaneously, the component 
 salts always crystallize apart, the double salt being 
 entirely decomposed, but if the solution, or any 
 mixed solution of Cu 0, S Os, and Mg O, S O 3 , 
 be evaporated at a temperature above 38, the 
 salt Ca O, S O 3 ; Mg O, S Os + 2 Aq is depos- 
 ited as a crystalline crust. On boiling the aque- 
 ous solution a basic (with Cu 0) salt is precipi- 
 tated. (Arrot, Phil. Mag., 1844, (3.) 24. 502.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, OF MAGNESIA, OF 
 Cu 0, S O, ; Mg 0, S 3 ; Mn 0, S 3 ; MANGANESE, 
 3(KO, S0 3 )+18Aq & OF p OT . 
 
 ASH. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, OF MAGNESIA, & OF 
 Cu 0, S 3 , Mg 0, S O s ; POTASH. 
 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, OF MAGNESIA, OP 
 CuO, S0 3 ; Mg 0,S0 3 ; 3(K 0, S 3 ) i POTASH, & 
 Zn 0, S 3 + 18 Aq O F Z I N C. 
 
 Soluble in 
 water. (Vohl, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 71.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, OF MANGANESE, & OF 
 Cu 0, S 3 ; Mn 0, S O 3 ; POTASH. 
 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & OF NICKEL. Solu- 
 Cu 0, S 3 ; Ni 0, S 3 + 7 Aq ble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, OF NICKEL, & OF 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER, 
 
 ~\?' c S rP 3i -, 2 o ( , KO ' S 3)i 
 Zn O, S O 3 + 12 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER 
 Cu O, S O 3 ; Na O, S O 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 POTASH, & OF 
 Permanent. 
 
 Cu 0, S 3 ; Ni 0. S 3 ; 
 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq 
 
 POTASH. Permanent. Sol- 
 uble in 4 pts. of water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Bette.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & OF POTASH. 
 
 ft OF SODA. Deli- 
 quescent. Decom- 
 posed by water. 
 (Graham.) Permanent. Soluble in water. When 
 the aqueous solution is evaporated at 55 the salt 
 crystallizes out as such. At 100 it is decom- 
 posed, an insoluble basic salt being precipitated. 
 When the solution is allowed to evaporate spon- 
 taneously the component salts crystallize out 
 separately. (Arrot.) Very easily soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 120.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER & OF ZINC. Efflo- 
 CuO, S O 3 ; 3Zn O, S O 3 +28 Aq rescent. 100 pts. 
 of water at 8 dis- 
 solve 80 pts. of it ; it is soluble in all proportions 
 in boiling water. (Lefort, Ann. Ch. et Phys.. (3.) 
 23. 102.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CORYDALIN. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CREATIN. Permanent. Solu- 
 
 N ! ( r C2 H 2 " )2 HO so ble in water> < Des - 
 N S <C,H B -"0,803 sa ig nes .) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CREATININ. Readily soluble 
 in warm alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CUMIDIN. Slightly soluble in 
 (C^K,, TT /-> n water: more soluble in 
 
 < TI 10 LL . 11 U, fa Ua , , , /-kT. 11 -r 
 
 i H 2 alcohol. (Nicholson, J. 
 
 Ch. Soc., I. 6.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CUPR(/C)AMMONIUM. Decom- 
 5 H s n vr, posed by water, with precipita- 
 \ Cu ' u ,> H u tion of 4 Cu O, S Os. (Kane.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CUMINAMATE OF ETHYL. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 340.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CUMINAMIC ACID. Sparingly 
 
 2 . O, H O, S O 3 
 
 H,, O, ^ ^ soluble in cold, ea- 
 sily soluble in boil- 
 ing water. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 337.) 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 599 
 
 SULPHATE OF' CUPR(/C)ANILIN. Decomposed 
 N i c u H s o SO ky Boiling water, but may be 
 
 I H 2 . fu s washed with cold water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CURARIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CYANANILIN. Extremely sol- 
 uble in water. The solution is decomposed by 
 evaporation. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 166.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CYANETHIN. Very soluble in 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. (Kolbe & Frank- 
 land, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 72.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CYANETHOLIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CYANHYDROHARMALIN. Sol- 
 uble in water acidulated with sulphuric acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CTANOCODEIN. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. The solution is easily decom- 
 posed. 
 
 SULPHATE OF CTMIDIN. Soluble in water. 
 (Barlow.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF CYSTIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF DELPHIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF DIDYMIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Quickly soluble in water, when 
 DiO, S0 8 it is added to the water by small por- 
 tions and agitated. When the cold satu- 
 rated solution is heated to 53 the hydrated salt 
 separates out in large quantity, and the more 
 readily as the temperature is elevated, so that 1 
 pt. of the salt requires 50.5 pts. of boiling water 
 to retain it in solution. 
 
 b = ht/drated. Rather slowly, but abundantly, 
 soluble in cold water. Soluble in about 5 pts. of 
 water at 15 <8> 18. (Mosander, in Berze.lim's 
 Lehrb., 3. 530 ) Very readily soluble in 5 (8> 6 
 pts. of water, but is precipitated again if the 
 aqueous solution is heated above 30 @ 35. (Ma- 
 rignac (citing Mosander), Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 27. 224.) " The solubility of sulphate of didy- 
 mium is different according as one dissolves the 
 anhydrous salt, or one of the hydrates." 
 
 100 pts. of water dissolve of anhydrous sulphate 
 of didymium, 
 
 When anhydrous When Di 0, When I)i 0, 
 
 AtC. suIphate,'Di O, SO 3 + 2Aq S0 3 -f-3Aq 
 
 S 3 , is u.-ed, pts. is used, pts. is used, pts. 
 
 12 . . 43.1 
 
 14 39.3* 
 
 18 25.8 . . 16.4 
 
 19 11.7 
 
 25 20.6 
 
 38 13.0 
 
 40 8.8 
 
 50 . . 11.0 6.5 
 
 100 1.7 
 
 The sulphate with two equivalents of water at- 
 tains its maximum solubility only after the lapse 
 of a very long space of time. Thus, at the tem- 
 perature of 18, 13 pts. were dissolved in 100 pts. 
 of water after 24 hours, and 16.4 pts. after stand- 
 ing a second day. On evaporating this solution 
 in a vacuum, until the greater part of. the salt had 
 crystallized,! the mother liquor was found to con- 
 tain 34 pts. of sulphate for 100 pts. of water. It 
 appears thus to attain the solubility of the anhy- 
 drous salt. (Marignac, loc. inf. cit.) 
 
 * "This number must be too high, since the solution 
 was maintained at this temperature only half an hour." 
 (Marignao, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 170.) 
 
 t These crystals were those of the hydrate. 
 
 Sulphate of didyminm is more soluble than 
 sulphate of lanthanum in a neutral solution, but 
 is less soluble than the latter in an acid solution. 
 (Watts, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 145.) 
 
 II.) basic. Completely insoluble either in cold 
 
 3 Di 0, S 3 or in boiling water. Difficultly solu- 
 
 ble in dilute chlorhydric acid, even 
 
 when this is boiling. (Marignac, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 38. 170.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF DIDYMIUM & OF POTASH. 
 
 3 (Di 0, S 3 ) ; K 0, 8 3 + 2 Aq Soluble in 63 pts. 
 
 of water. (Marig- 
 
 nac, loc. cit., p. 174.) Totally insoluble in a satu- 
 rated aqueous solution of sulphate of potash [?]. 
 (Mosander.) Oxide of didymium cannot be com- 
 pletely precipitated by sulphate of potash. The 
 precipitated double salt is not soluble in cold 
 chlorhydric acid, but is slightly soluble in boiljng 
 chlorhydric acid. (H. Rose, Tr.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF DIDYMIUM & OF SODA. Sol- 
 
 3(Di 0, S 3 ) ; Na 0, S0 3 uble in about 200 pts. of 
 
 water ; still less soluble 
 
 in an aqueous solution of sulphate of soda. (Ma- 
 rignac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 173.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHERIN. Vid. EthylSulphate 
 of Wine-Oil. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) Vid. EthvlSulphuric Acid. 
 C 4 H fl 0, H 0, 2 S*0 3 
 
 II.) Vid. EthylSulphate of Ethyl. 
 2C 4 H S 0, so, 
 
 III.) tris. Decomposed by water. (Blondeau.) 
 " 3 C 4 H 5 O, S O 3 " 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYL & OF CARBURETTED 
 HYDROGEN. Vid. EthylSulphate of Wine-Oil. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYL & OF ETHEKOL. Vid. 
 EthylSulphate of Wine-Oil. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Deliquescent. 
 Very soluble in alcohol. 
 (A. VVum, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 30. 484.) 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLAMIN & OF MAGNESIA. 
 NJH B .HO,S0 8;Mg O, S 3+ 7Aq ***** 
 
 Meyer.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF <eraETHYLAMMONiUM. Deli- 
 N { (C 4 H ) 4 . O, S O s quescent. 
 
 SULPHATE OF C?/ETHYLAMYLAMIN. Deli- 
 quescent. 
 
 SULPHATE OF <HETHYLAMYLAMIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLANILIN. Readily solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLCHLORANILIN. More 
 soluble than the salts of chlor-anilin. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLCYANANILIN. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water, (v. Planta & Kekule, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm.. 
 87. 6.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ^'ETHYLPHENYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHATE OF te<raETHYLPHOSPHONiuM. De- 
 liquescent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF rf/ETHYLPLATiN&/AMMONiuM. 
 (Corresponding to the 1st Base of Reiset.) Soluble in 
 
 N 2 \ in Hs)2 . H o, s o, watcr - frm 
 
 H 3 which it is 
 
 precipitated 
 
 M IC 4 H B Hft 
 N 1 H 2 ' H > 
 
600 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 on the addition of alcohol. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 30. 487.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLQUININE. 
 
 I.) normal. Much less soluble in water, but 
 
 N 2 \ C 40 H 23 (C 4 Hg) 4 . H 0, S 3 + 8 Aq Q 
 
 alcohol 
 than the acid salt. 
 
 II.) acid. Very easily soluble in water. Spar- 
 N 2 { C 40 H M (C 4 H.) 4 " . H 0, H 0, 2 S O s + 4 Aq ^J 
 
 blein 
 alcohol. (Strecker.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ETHYLSTRYCHNINE. Less sol- 
 uble than the chlorhydrate in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF FLUORIDE OF BORON. Insolu- 
 B Fl, S 3 ble in water. ( J. Davy.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF FURFURIN. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. Readily soluble in 
 water, less soluble in alcohol or ether, and still 
 less soluble in water acidulated with sulphuric 
 acid. (Svanberg & Bergstrand.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF FuscoCoBALT(zagwe). Soluble 
 
 4 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , 2 S 3 + 4 Aq in water. Insoluble 
 
 in ammonia- water. 
 
 Alcohol precipitates it from the aqueous solution. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 290.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF GLAUCTN. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF GLAUCOPICRIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Easily soluble in water. Less 
 Glj0 3 , 3S0 3 +12Aq readily soluble in acidu- 
 lated water, from which it 
 crystallizes more easily than from pure water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, in his Lehrb., 
 3. 493.) Easily soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Weeren.) Soluble in about 
 1 pt. of water at 14; the solubility increases 
 with the temperature, and boiling water dissolves 
 it in almost all proportions. The presence of sul- 
 phuric acid renders it less soluble in cold water. 
 Tolerably soluble in alcohol, unless this is abso- 
 lute, though much less soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. (Debray, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 25.) 
 Sulphate of glucina may be completely precipi- 
 tated from its aqueous solution by adding a suit- 
 able quantity of concentrated acetic acid. (Per- 
 soz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) The 
 crystals effloresce in warm air, and melt in their 
 water of crystallization when heated. 
 
 II.) mono. Insoluble in water, after it has been 
 Gi, 3 , S0 3 ignited. (Berzelius.) Soluble in wa- 
 ter, but the concentrated aqueous so- 
 lution is decomposed on the addition of much 
 water. (Debray, loc. cit.) An aqueous solution 
 of sulphate of glucina may be rendered nearly 
 tribasic by the addition of an alkali, but the 
 product will not bear large dilution with water. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci?, (2.) 26. 207.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF GLUCINA & OF POTASH. Spar- 
 3 (KO, S 3 ) ; G1 2 3 , 38 3 + 6 Aq ingly soluble in 
 
 cold, much more, 
 
 though still slowly, soluble in hot water. (De- 
 bray, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 44- 29.) It dissolves 
 very slowly, though in considerable quantity, in 
 water. (Awdejew.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF GLYCOCOLL. 
 
 I.) Permanent. Soluble in water, and in warm 
 
 t C 2 H 2 dilute spirit. Insoluble in 
 
 N ^ C 2 H 3 . H 0, S O 3 a b so i u te alcohol, or in ether. 
 (Horsford, Am. J.Sci.. (2.) 
 4. r>8.) 
 
 II.) Several basic compounds. (See Horsford 'a 
 Memoir, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF GLYCOCOLL & OF POTASH. 
 " C 4 H 4 N O 3 , S 3 ; C 4 H 4 N 8 , K O, S O 3 " Soluble 
 
 in wa- 
 ter, from which it is precipitated by cold alcohol. 
 Soluble in warm dilute alcohol. (Horsford, loc. 
 cit., p. 69.) 
 
 SULPHATE of teroxide OF GOLD. Known only 
 in sulphuric acid solution ; this is decomposed, 
 with separation of metallic gold, on the addition 
 of water. (Pelletier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 15. 
 12.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF GUANIN. Decomposed by 
 
 XT ( C 9 9&" much water. Insoluble in 
 
 N 3 (C.Sfc.HO.SO, alcohoL 
 
 I H 5 
 
 SULPHATE OF GUANIN & OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHATE OF HARMALIN. 
 
 I.) peracid. Very soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF HARMIN. 
 I.) normal. 
 N, \ Cjg H 12 2 TI . H O, S 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 { C 26 H, 2 0,v. . H 0, H 0, 2 S O 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF IGASURIN. Much less soluble 
 than the chlorhydrate in water. Soluble in about 
 4 pts. of boiling, and in about 10 pts. of cold 
 water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF INDIGO. Vid. Sulphlndigotic 
 Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF IODANILIN. Only slightly sol- 
 Hi I H n a n ^^ ' n cold, somewhat 
 more soluble in hot water. 
 It appears to undergo 
 partial decomposition when the aqueous solution 
 is boiled. Soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 277.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF loDoCiNCHONiciN. Soluble 
 in spirit. (W. B. Herapath, Phil. Mag., (4.) 16. 
 65.) 
 
 I.) SULPHATE OF IODOCINCHONIDIN (of Witt- 
 stein). (Herapath, Phil. Mag., (4.) 16. pp. 56, 
 64.) 
 
 II.) SULPHATE OF IoDoCiNCHONioiN(of 
 Pasteur). 
 
 a = active. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in 
 " CCTHgjNjOjsIa, HO, 2S 3 + 5Aq" cold spirit. 
 
 When crys- 
 tals of this salt are allowed to remain in their 
 mother liquor with an excess of less than 1% of 
 sulphuric acid they undergo transformation, the 
 salt with 9 Aq being formed. 
 
 6 = silky needles, feebly active. Soluble in boil- 
 " C or H,,., N 2 5 I 3 , n 0, 2 S 3 -1- 9 Aq " ing spirit, but 
 
 as this solu- 
 tion cools, the active, 5 Aq, salt separates out. 
 
 c = olive colored. Soluble in boiling spirit, but 
 C 6T Hg,, N 2 O fl I 3 , H 0, 2 S 3 + 3 Aq as this solu- 
 tion cools, the 
 
 active, 5 Aq, salt separates out. (W. B. Hera- 
 path, Phil. Mag., (4.) 16. 59.) 
 
 As a class, the iodo-salts [sulphates] of the cin- 
 chona alkaloids all agree in being more or less 
 soluble in spirit, from which they are precipitated 
 on the addition of water ; they are only slightly 
 
 a n an 
 
 . fi U, to Uo 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 601 
 
 soluble in dilute spirit, and scarcely at all soluble 
 in water, ether, oil of turpentine, or chloroform. 
 Acetic, dilute sulphuric, or chlorhydric acids have 
 but little action upon them, whilst nitric acid and 
 concentrated sulphuric and chlorhydric acid, and 
 alkaline solutions, decompo.se them. (Herapath, 
 loc. cit., 16. 56.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF loooCiNcnoNiN. Far more 
 C 35 H 19 N z 2 1, H 0, 8 3 + 6 Aq soluble in spirit 
 than the corre- 
 sponding: compounds of quinine, quinidin, or 
 cinchonidin. (Herapath, Phil. Mag., (4.) 16. pp. 
 64, 63.) 
 
 As a class, the iodo-salts [sulphates] of the 
 cinchona alkaloids all agree in being more or less 
 soluble in spirit, from .which they are precipitated 
 on the addition of water ; they are only slightly 
 soluble in dilute spirit, and scarcely at all soluble 
 in water, ether, oil of turpentine, or chloroform. 
 Acetic, dilute sulphuric, or chlorhydric acids have 
 but little action upon them, whilst nitric acid and 
 concentrated sulphuric or chlorhydric acid, and 
 alkaline solutions, decompose them. 
 
 The cinchonin and quinidin salts dissolve with 
 more difficulty [than the others], in consequence 
 of their greater thickness and less extent of sur- 
 face. (Herapath, loc. cit., 16. 56.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF loooQuiNiciN. Very soluble 
 in spirit, from which it is readily precipitated on 
 the addition of water. (W. B. Herapath, Phil. 
 Mac/., (4.) 16. 65.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF lonoQuiNiDiN. Soluble in 
 
 CjsHtaNjOiIj, HO,S0 3 +5Aq 121 pts. of spirit 
 
 at 16.67, and in 
 
 31 pts. of boiling spirit. Water precipitates it 
 from the alcoholic solution. (W. B. Herapath, 
 Phil. May., (4.) 16. 62 ; and (4.) 14. 225.) 
 
 As a class, the iodo-salts [sulphates] of the cin- 
 chona alkaloids all agree in being more or less 
 soluble in spirit, from "which they are precipitated 
 on the addition of water; they are only slightly 
 soluble in dilute spirit, and scarcely at all soluble 
 in water, ether, oil of turpentine, or chloroform. 
 Acetic, dilute sulphuric, or chlorhydric acids have 
 hut little action upon them, whilst nitric acid, and 
 concentrated sulphuric or chlorhydric acid, and 
 alkaline solutions, decompose them. 
 
 The quinidin and cinchonin salts dissolve with 
 more difficulty [than the others], in consequence 
 of their greater thickness and less extent of sur- 
 face. (Herapath, be. cit., 16. 56.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF lonoQuiNiNE. Soluble in 
 
 ( HerapatMte.) a b O U t 
 
 ' C B7 HS, N 2 0., I,, H O, 2 S 3 + 5 Aq 1 000 pts. 
 
 (Herapath's later analysis) o f boil- 
 
 N 2 1 C 40 H 2t 4 " . I 2 , O, H O, 2 S 3 + 10 Aq ing wa- 
 (Uerapath's earlier analysis.) tcr. Very 
 
 sparingly 
 
 soluble in water, ether, or oil of turpentine, and 
 does not appear to be any more soluble in boiling 
 ether or oil of turpentine ; requiring, in any case, 
 about 2000 pts. of either of these liquids for its 
 solution. Insoluble in chloroform. Soluble in 
 650 pts. of alcohol, of 0.837, at 13.8, and in 50 
 pts. of the same alcohol at boiling. Soluble in 
 750 pts. of acetic acid, of 1.042 sp. gr., at 15.5, 
 and in 60 pts. of the same acid when boiling, with 
 partial decomposition after a time. Insoluble in 
 cold, easily soluble in hot dilute sulphuric acid of 
 1.0682 sp. gr. Readily soluble in sulphuric acid 
 of 1.845 sp. gr. Scarcely at all acted upon by 
 dilute, but is decomposed by concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid. Decomposed by alkaline solutions, 
 7 
 
 and by nitric acid, even in the cold. (W. B. 
 Herapath, Phil. Mag., (4.) 9. 366.) 
 
 As a class, the iodo-salts [sulphates] of the 
 cinchona alkaloids all agree in being more or less 
 soluble in spirit, from which they are precipitated 
 on the addition of water; they are only slightly 
 soluble in dilute spirit, and scarcely at all soluble 
 in water, ether, oil of turpentine, or chloroform. 
 Acetic, dilute sulphuric, or chlorhydric acids have 
 but little action upon them, whilst nitric acid and 
 concentrated sulphuric or chlorhydric acid, and 
 alkaline solutions, decompose them. (Herapath, 
 Phil. Mag., (4.) 16. 56.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRIDIUM. Soluble 
 IrO, S0 3 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRIDIUM. Soluble 
 in nitric acid. 
 
 SULPHATE of binoxide OF IRIDIUM. Easily 
 Ir O 2 , 2 S 3 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = Fe 0, S 3 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 atC 
 
 Dissolve of the anhydrous 
 salt, Fe O, S O 3 , pts. 
 
 ... 
 
 . . . . 15.8 
 
 10 
 
 19.9 
 
 12 
 
 21.3 
 
 20 
 
 26.0 
 
 21 
 
 27.4 
 
 30 
 
 32.6 
 
 37 
 
 36.5 
 
 45 
 
 42.9 
 
 55 
 
 47.0 
 
 70 . 
 
 56.5 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 The aqueous solution saturated at its boiling 
 point (1022) contains 64% of the dry salt; or 
 100 pts. of water at 102.2 dissolve 177.778 pts. of 
 it ; or I pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 0.5625 pt. 
 of water at 102.2. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 
 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 When sulphate of protoxide of iron is slightly 
 calcined, it is rendered, not less soluble, but less 
 easily soluble in water. (Barreswil, C. R., 20. 
 1366.) 
 
 b = Fe 0, S O s + Aq 
 
 c = FeO, S0 3 + 2 Aq As sparingly soluble as 
 gypsum. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 d FeO, S 3 + 3 Aq Soluble in water. (Kane.) 
 
 e = Fe 0, S0 3 + 4Aq Separates from concen- 
 trated aqueous solutions 
 at 80. 
 
 / = Fe 0, S 3 + 7 Aq Pure compact crys- 
 
 ( Ordinary commercial Sulphate of t a 1 S , thoroughly 
 Iron. Green Vitriol. Copperas.) f ree ft f rom mot j, er 
 
 liquor and well 
 
 dried, remain permanent for a long time in dry 
 air, and for a tolerably long time in damp air. 
 Soluble in 1.66 pt. of water at 17 ; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 17 dissolve 60.0 pts. of it; or the 
 aqueous solution saturated at 17 contains 37.5% 
 of it, or 20.4% of the anhydrous salt, and is of 
 1.2232 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
602 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 Soluble in 1.642 pt. of water at 10 
 
 1.432 
 0.868 
 0.655 
 0.440 
 0.376 
 0.394 
 0.375 
 0.270 
 0.300 
 
 15 
 25 ' 
 32.5 
 46.25 
 60 
 70 
 83.75 
 90 
 *100 
 
 Or 100 parts of water 
 
 at 10 dissolve 60.8 pts. of Fe O S 3 
 
 15 " 69.8 " [+ 7 Aq 
 25 " 115.1 
 
 32.5 " 152.2 " 
 
 46.25 " 227.1 " 
 
 60 " 265.9 " 
 
 70 " 253.4 " 
 
 83.75" 269.8 " 
 
 90 " 370.3 " 
 
 *100 " 332.9 " 
 
 Contains percent of 
 
 Fe 0, S O s + 7 Aq 
 
 . 37.84 
 
 Or the aqueous solution 
 saturated at C 
 
 10 
 15 
 25 
 32.5 
 46.25. 
 60 
 70 
 83.75* 
 90 
 *100 
 
 41.11 
 53.51 
 60.35 
 69.43 
 72.67 
 71.71 
 72.96 
 78.74 
 76.89 
 
 * When the solution saturated at 87.5 is heated to 100 
 it becomes covered with a crystalline crust. In determin- 
 ing the solubility at 100 considerable difficulty is conse- 
 quently experienced in obtaining a clear liquid. In attempt- 
 ing to do this, in the recorded instance, the temperature 
 of the solutiop fell to 91.25, at which it was quite clear ; 
 this was again heated to 100, at which temperature another 
 portion of the salt separated out, and a part of the liquid 
 was decanted for the experiment above given. 
 
 (R. & W. Brandes, Brandes's Archiv., 1824, 
 7. 83, and fig.) When the 7 Aq salt is boiled 
 with an amount of water insufficient to dissolve 
 the whole of it, a new white hydrate is formed and 
 separates out. In this respect sulphate of iron 
 resembles sulphate of soda (with 10 Aq), and, as 
 is the case with the latter, the slow increase and 
 final decrease of its solubility as the temperature 
 rises may be regarded as due to a change of com- 
 position. (R. & W. Brandes, loc. cit.) An aque- 
 ous solution saturated at 15 contains 37.2% of it. 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pfiarm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 Like sulphate of protoxide of manganese, its sol- 
 ubility in water increases with the temperature up 
 to a certain point, 87.5, and then diminishes as 
 the temperature is increased, although in spite of 
 this it is much more soluble at 100 than at 15. 
 (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 2O. 581, citing his 
 earlier memoir, in the Archiv., 7. 88.) 
 
 Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, and in 1 pt. of boiling 
 water (Fourcroy) ; in 2 pts. of water at 18. 75" 
 ( Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift JurPharm., 8. 201 ; 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 1 854, p. 76 ) ; in 6 
 pts. of water at a moderate heat, and in 0.75 pt. 
 of boiling water. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 184.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 45 @ 50 pts. of 
 it. (Ure's Diet.) The aqueous solution saturated 
 at 10 contains 51.5% of it (Kller) ; in the cold 
 33.33% (Fourcroy); at 12.5, 33.5%. (Hassenfratz, 
 Ann. de Chim.,28. 291.) 
 
 After a warm aqueous solution has deposited 
 crystals on cooling, a fresh quantity of the latter 
 may generally be produced by opening the vessel 
 and shaking it, a certain amount of supersatura- 
 
 tion being liable to occur. (Coxe.) The crystals 
 melt in their water of crystallization when heated, 
 and when this solution is evaporated to dryness a 
 white powder is obtained (b ?), which dissolves in 
 water very slowly. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 An aqueous solution . Contains percent of the 
 of sp. gr. (at 12.5) [crystallized] salt. 
 
 1.0096 2 
 
 1.0203 4 
 
 1.0314 6 
 
 1.0436 8 
 
 1.0560 10 
 
 1.0696 12 
 
 1.0829 14 
 
 1.0961 16 
 
 1.1095 18 
 
 1.1220 20 
 
 1.1358 22 
 
 1.1498 24 
 
 1.1638 26 
 
 1.1781 28 
 
 1.1920 30 
 
 1.12031 32 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chirn., 28. 297.) 
 
 Contains (by experi- 
 
 An aqueous solution ment) percent of 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 17.2) Fe 0, S O 3 + 7 Aq 
 
 1.2332 37.50 
 
 1.1473 25.00 
 
 1.0943 16.67 
 
 1.0693 12.50 
 
 1.0450 8.34 
 
 1.0220 4.17 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 
 335.) From these results Schiff calculates the 
 following table by means of the formula : D = 
 1 + 0.005175 p -4- 0.00003043 p 2 0.0000000682 
 p 8 ; in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and 
 p the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of 
 
 (at 17.2). FeO, S0 3 +7Aq Anhydr. Fe 0, S 8 . 
 
 1.0052 ... I 0.547 
 
 1.0105 2 1.094 
 
 1.0158 3 1-641 
 
 1.0212 4 2.188 
 
 1.0266 5 2.735 
 
 1.0321 6 3.282 
 
 1.0377 7 3.829 
 
 1.0433 8 4.376 
 
 1.0490 9 4.923 
 
 1.0547 10 5.470 
 
 1.0605 11 6.017 
 
 1.0664 12 6.564 
 
 1.0723 13 7.111 
 
 1.0782 14 7.658 
 
 1.0842 15 8.205 
 
 1.0903 16 8.752 
 
 1.0964 17 9.299 
 
 1.1026 18 9.846 
 
 1.1088 19 10.393 
 
 1.1151 20 10.940 
 
 1.1214 21 11.487 
 
 1.1278 22 12.034 
 
 1.1343 23 12.581 
 
 1.1408 24 13.128 
 
 1.1473 25 13.675 
 
 1.1539 * 26 14.222 
 
 1.1606 27 14.769 
 
 1.1673 28 15316 
 
 1.1740 29 15.863 
 
 1.1808 30 16.410 
 
 1.1876 31 16.957 
 
 1.1945 32 17.504 
 
 1.2014 33 18.051 
 
 1.2084 . . 34 18.598 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 603 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of 
 
 at 17.2) Fe 0, S 3 + 7 Aq Anhydr. Fe 0, S 3 
 
 1.2154 . . 35 19.145 
 
 .2225 36 10.692 
 
 .2296 37 20.239 
 
 .2368 38 20.786 
 
 .2440 39 21.333 
 
 .2513 . . 40 21.880 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 73.) 
 A solution in alcohol of 40% by weight, or 0.939 
 sp. gr., saturated at 15, contains 0.3% of it. (H. 
 Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 Insoluble in spirit of 0.905, or less, sp. gr. (An- 
 thon, J. pr. Ch., 14. 125.) When boiled with 
 alcohol, the quadri-hydrated salt (e) is deposited. 
 (Mitscherlich.) From the aqueous solution, strong 
 alcohol precipitates one of the lower hydrates. 
 But the 7-hydrated salt crystallizes from dilute 
 spirit acidulated with sulphuric acid. (Berthe- 
 mot.) Concentrated sulphuric acid also precipi- 
 tates one of the lower hydrates from the aqueous 
 solution. 
 
 Sulphate of protoxide of iron may be com- 
 pletely precipitated from its aqueous solution by 
 adding a suitable quantity of concentrated acetic 
 acid (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 
 444), so completely that no trace of it is left in 
 the liquid. (Persoz, Chim. Mole'c., pp. 346, 348.) 
 The aqueous solution becomes turbid when ex- 
 posed to the air, a basic salt of the sesquioxide 
 being deposited. After a certain quantity of this 
 sediment has separated out, the solution under- 
 goes scarcely any further change. When toler- 
 ably dilute, it will be found to contain only an in- 
 significant amount of sesqnioxide ; hence all of 
 this oxide which forms must be separated as a 
 basic salt. (Otto-Graham.) Soluble in hot chlor- 
 hydric acid, the solution yielding crystals both of 
 the 7 hydrated and also of the terhydrated salt 
 (d), on cooling. (Kane.) Somewhat soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. (Bussy & Lecanu.) 
 
 II.) sesqui. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 2FeO,3S0 3 + 7 Aq (Bonnsdorff.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal or ter. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Very slowly soluble in water, 
 Fe 2 3 , 3 S 3 being frequently as difficultly solu- 
 ble as burnt alum. 
 
 Rapidly soluble in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of protoxide of iron, not only in tolerably 
 strong solutions, but also in solutions which con- 
 tain only a very small quantity of the protoxide 
 salt, the reaction being analogous to that which 
 occurs between the two chlorides of chromium. 
 (Barreswil, C. R., 1845, 20. 1366.) 
 
 b =,Fe 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 9 Aq Deliquescent, soluble 
 in water. 
 
 The concentrated aqueous solution does not 
 become turbid on boiling, but diluted solutions are 
 decomposed by ebullition, with separation of an 
 insoluble basic salt, and this decomposition is 
 more complete in proportion as the solution is 
 more dilute. If the solution is exceedingly dilute, 
 the basic salt will separate at temperatures below 
 that of ebullition. ( Schcerer ; H. Rose, Fogg. 
 Ann., 83. 147.) A solution of 1 pt. of the salt 
 in 100 pts. of water becomes cloudy when heated 
 to 76 ; in 200 pts. of water, at 56 ; in 400 pts., 
 at 47; in 800 pts., at 40; in 1000 pts., at 38; 
 and in 10000 pts., at 14. If one pt. of the salt 
 be dissolved in 200 pts. of water, one half of the 
 oxide of iron is precipitated on boiling, if in 400 
 pts. then | of the oxide of iron is precipitated, if 
 in 800 pts. then | of it is precipitated, if in 1000 
 pts. then about T % of it is precipitated. (Schee- 
 
 rer.) [This precipitation occurs even in acid so- 
 lutions, if they are sufficiently dilute.] 
 
 Largely soluble in alcohol. (Wenzel, in his 
 Verwandtschaft, p. 300 [T.].) Readily soluble in 
 spirit. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 184.) Being the 
 only metallic sulphate, with the exception of that 
 of binoxide of platinum, which is readily soluble 
 in alcohol. (L. Gmelin.) Completely insoluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 Sulphate of sesquioxide of iron may be com- 
 pletely precipitated from its aqueous solution by 
 the addition of a suitable quantity of concentrated 
 acetic acid. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phus., 1836, 
 (2.) 63. 444.) 
 
 An aqueous solution of sesquisulphate of iron, 
 especially if it contains a little free acid, is capable 
 of dissolving most of the metals, from silver down 
 to those which have the greatest affinity for oxy- 
 gen, when these are digested or boiled with it, the 
 sesquioxide being meanwhile reduced to protox- 
 ide. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 614.) 
 
 II.) bi. 
 
 a = Fe 2 O 3 , 2 S O 3 Soluble in water, but the 
 
 solution soon decomposes, 
 
 especially when boiled, or diluted with much 
 
 water. (Maus; Berzelius, in his Jahresbericht, 
 
 14.201.) 
 
 b = Fe 2 3 , 2 S 3 + 10 Aq Occurs as the mineral 
 Styniicite. Decom- 
 posed by cold water, with separation of a basic 
 salt. (H. Rose.) 
 
 Compounds as basic as Fe 2 Oa, 2 S O may 
 be obtained completely dissolved in water. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., 1858, (2.) 26. 202.) 
 
 III.) sesquibasic. The native compound (fibro- 
 
 2 Fe 2 3 , 3 S0 3 + 18 Aq ferrite) is partially soluble 
 
 in cold, more readily solu- 
 ble in boiling water. (Prideaux.) 
 
 IV.) mono. Ppt. 
 Fe 2 3 , S 3 + 3 Aq 
 
 V.) di. When precipitated from cold solutions 
 2Fe z 3 , S 3 + 6 Aq it is soluble in a concentrated 
 solution of Fez Oa, 3 S 3 , but 
 is insoluble therein when it has been precipitated 
 from hot solutions. (Maus.) 
 
 VI.) tri. Insoluble in water, tolerably soluble 
 
 3 Fe 2 3 , S 3 + 4 Aq in acids. ( Th. Scheerer. ) 
 
 VII.) liexa. Insoluble in water. Slowly solu- 
 6 Fe 2 3 , S 3 -f 10 Aq ble in warm chlorhydric acid. 
 (Th. Scheerer.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide Sf of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 I.) Soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 FeO, S0 3 ; Fe 2 O 3 , 3 S 3 
 
 II.) Absorbs moisture and oxidizes in the air. 
 3 (FeO, S0 3 ); 2 (Fe 2 3 , 3 S O 3 ) + 4 Aq Soluble in 
 
 water acid- 
 ulated with sulphuric acid. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 Abich.) 
 
 III.) (Poumarede.) 
 
 Fe 0, S 3 5 6 Fe 2 3 , 3S 3 + 10 Aq 
 
 IV.) Soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 8 FeO, 2S0 3 ; 3 (Fe 2 3 , 2 S O 3 ) + 36 Aq 621.) 
 
 SCLPHATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF MAG- 
 'e 0, S O 3 5 Mg 0, S 3 + 4 Aq & 14 Aq NESiA. Per- 
 manent. Sol- 
 uble in water ; if the solution is allowed to evap- 
 orate spontaneously, the component salts always 
 crystallize apart, the double salt being entircly 
 decomposed, but if the solution, or any mixed 
 solution of Fe O, S O 3 and Mg O, S O 3 , be 
 evaporated at a temperature above 38, the salt 
 
604 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 Fe O, S 3 ; Mg O, S Os + 4 Aq crystallizes out. 
 (Arrott, Phil. May., 1844, (3.) 24. 502.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON, OF MAG- 
 Fe 0, S 3 ; Mg O, S 3 ; 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq NESIA, 
 
 & O F 
 
 POTASH. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON, OF MANGA- 
 
 Fe 0, S 3 5 Mn O, S O s ; 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq NESE, 
 
 & OF 
 
 POTASH. Tolerably easily soluble in water. 
 (Vohl, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 94. 67.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IKON, & OF NICK- 
 EL. Efflorescent. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON, OF NICKEL, 
 Fe 0, S 3 ; Ni 0, S 3 ; 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq & OF 
 
 P O T- 
 ASH. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON, & OF POTASH. 
 Fe 0, S 3 ; K 0, S 3 + 6 Aq Less soluble in water 
 than protosulphate of 
 iron. (Link.) 
 
 100 pts. of water Dissolve of the anhy- 
 
 at C. drous salt, pts. 
 
 19.6 
 
 10 25.4 
 
 14.5 29.1 
 
 16 30.9 
 
 25 36.5 
 
 35 41.0 
 
 40 45.0 
 
 55 56.1 
 
 65 59.3 
 
 70 64.2 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198 and fig.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON, & OF POT- 
 ASH. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = Fe 2 3 , 3 S O s ; K 0, S 3 + Aq 
 
 6 = Fe 2 3 , 3 S 3 ; K 0, S 3 + 3 Aq 
 
 C = Fe, 3 , 3 S 3 ; K 0, S 3 + 24 Aq Soluble in 
 (Potash, Iran Alum.) 5 p t S . of 
 
 water at 
 
 12.5. (Anthon.) The salt is decomposed to No. 4 
 when heated above 80, and a similar decomposition 
 occurs when the aqueous solution is heated to 80. 
 When the aqueous solution is mixed with sulphu- 
 ric acid, and evaporated on the water-bath, the 
 terhydrated salt (b) separates out as soon as a 
 certain degree of concentration has been attained, 
 and as the acid becomes more concentrated the 
 monohydratcd salt (a) is precipitated. (Berze- 
 lius, LeJirb.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Dumas, Tr.) 
 II.) Insoluble in water, by which, however, it 
 
 2 (Fe s O 3 , 3 S 3 ) ; K O, S 3 is gradually decom- 
 
 posed. (Grimm & 
 Bamdohr, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 131.) 
 
 III.) Soluble in a neutral solution of potash 
 Fe 2 3 , 2 S 3 ; K O, S O 3 + 3 Aq iron alum, but is 
 decomposed by wa- 
 ter. (Dumas, Tr., 7. 85.) 
 
 IV.) Soluble in 6 pts. of cold water, with 
 Fe 2 O 3) 2 S O 3 ; 2 (K O, S O 3 ) + 6 Aq subsequent de- 
 
 co m position. 
 
 (Maus.) Soluble in 12.75 pts. of water at 10; 
 but the solution is decomposed on boiling. (An- 
 thon.) 
 
 V.) While yet moist it is soluble in water, but 
 
 3 ( Fe s O 3 , 2 S O 3 ) ; 2 (K O, S O 3 ) + 20 Aq after having 
 
 become dry 
 
 it is decomposed by water. The aqueous solution 
 is decomposed on standing, or quickly by boiling. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Soubeiran.) 
 
 VI.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 3 (2 Fe 2 3 , 3 S 3 ) ; K O, S O 3 + 18 Aq 
 
 VII.) Insoluble in boiling water. Slightly sol- 
 
 4 (Fe, O 3 , S O 3 ) ; K O, S O 3 + 9 Aq uble in chforhy- 
 
 dric acid, more 
 readily soluble in aqua-regia. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON, OF POTASH, 
 Fe O, 8 O s ; 2 (K O, S O 3 ) ; Zn O, S O 3 + 12 Aq & OF 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON, & OF QUI- 
 NINE. Nearly insoluble in water. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 509.) Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF IRON & OF SILVER. 
 I.) Ppt. 
 
 2 Fe 2 3 , S 3 ; 7 (2 Ag O, S O 3 ) 
 
 II.) Soluble in 1000 pts. of water. (Lavini.) 
 2 Fe 2 3 , S 3 ; 18 (2 Ag O, S O 3 ) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF SODA. 
 Fe O, S O 3 ; Na O, S O 3 + 4 Aq Permanent. Soluble 
 in water. It crystal- 
 lizes out as such when the aqueous solution is 
 evaporated at 55 ; but when the solution is al- 
 lowed to evaporate spontaneously the component 
 salts crystallize out separately. (Arrott.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF SODA. 
 4 (Fe 2 O 3 , S O 3 ) ; Na O, S O 3 + 9 Aq Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Sparingly 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. (Th. Scheerer.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF ZINC. 
 Fe O, S O 3 ; Zn O, S O 3 + 14 Aq Bermanent. As 
 soluble as sulphate 
 of zinc. (Thomson.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF JERVIN. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble in water, and the mineral acids. Soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF LANTHANUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Much less soluble in warm 
 than in cold water. When the anhydrous salt in 
 fine powder is added by small portions to water, 
 the temperature of which is 2 @ 3, and agitated 
 therewith while the vessel which contains the mix- 
 ture is cooled so that the temperature shall not 
 rise above 13, 1 pt. of the salt dissolves in less 
 than 6 pts. of water, and so long as the tempera- 
 ture is no higher than 13 this solution may be 
 preserved unchanged. But if the solution be 
 heated to 30 a 3-hydrated salt begins to separate 
 out, and in the course of a few minutes the solu- 
 tion will have become almost completely solid. 
 Even when the solution is cooled, as soon as the 
 crystallization has commenced, this will not be 
 retarded, but goes on as before, until completed ; 
 and when a solution is heated to 12 @ 14 at a 
 single point, the crystallization spreads at once 
 through the portions of the solution which have 
 not been warmed. (Mosander, in Berzelius's 
 Lelirb., 3. 528.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble in 42.5 pts. of water at 
 ? + 3 Aq 23, and 115 pts. of water at 100. 
 (Mosander. Berzelius's Lehrb.) The 
 anhydrous salt is easily soluble in water at 5 @ 
 6, but at higher temperatures the solution is 
 readily precipitated, even when heated to less than 
 30. (Marignac (citing Mosander), Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 27. 224.) Sulphate of lanthanum is 
 less soluble than sulphate of didymium in a neu- 
 tral solution, but is more soluble than the latter 
 in an acid solution. (Watts, J. Ch. Soc., 2. 145.) 
 At a strong red heat sulphate of lanthanum is 
 converted into an insoluble basic salt, half of its 
 acid being expelled. 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 605 
 
 SULPHATE OF LANTHANUM & or POTASH. 
 Sparingly soluble in water. Almost insoluble in 
 a saturated aqueous solution of sulphate of pot- 
 ash. (Mosander.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 13000 pts. 
 Pb O, S O 3 of water at 15. (Kremcrs, Pogg. Ann., 
 85. 247.) More soluble than sulphate 
 of baryta, less soluble than sulphate of strontia in 
 water.' Soluble in 22816 pts. of water at 11, and 
 in 36504 pts. of water acidulated with sulphuric 
 acid. Much more soluble in solutions of ammo- 
 niacal salts, from which, however, it is reprecipi- 
 tated on adding an excess of sulphuric acid, so 
 that in a solution containing a considerable quan- 
 tity of nitrate of ammonia, and some acetate of 
 ammonia which had been strongly acidulated with 
 sulphuric acid, scarcely any more of it was found 
 dissolved than if the ammonia salts had not been 
 present. (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. P/iarm., 1846, 
 59. 125.) Soluble in 1200 pts. of water, but is 
 more soluble in water containing nitric acid. 
 (Kirwan, in his Mineralogy, 2.211 [T.].) Scarcely 
 at all soluble in water or acetic acid. (Bergman, 
 Essays, 1. 140.) No more soluble in water acid- 
 ulated with acetic acid than in pure water. (G. 
 Bischof, Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. P/>ys., 
 1827, 51. 230.) "l pt. of ignited sulphate of lead 
 dissolves, at 12.5, in 172 pts. of dilute nitric acid 
 of 1.144 sp. gr. On adding to 1054 grains of this 
 solution 12 ounces of water, by small portions, no 
 precipitate was produced at any time ; the dilute 
 solution thus obtained afforded a precipitate when 
 treated with free sulphuric acid. (G. Bischof, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1827, 51. 
 pp. 233-237.) 
 
 Insoluble, or almost insoluble, in absolute alco- 
 hol, and in spirit. Of the ammonia salts, the 
 nitrate, acetate, and tartrate are especially well 
 fitted to serve as solvents of sulphate of lead, the 
 two last named should be made strongly alkaline 
 by adding ammonia before they are used. (Wac- 
 kenroder.) Soluble in hot concentrated chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Soluble in nitric acid, the more readily 
 in proportion as this is more concentrated or 
 warmer. It is not reprecipitated from the nitric 
 acid solution by the addition of water, but is pre- 
 cipitated by dilute sulphuric acid when this is 
 added in sufficient quantity. Sparingly soluble 
 in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which it is 
 partially precipitated by diluting with water, or 
 completely by adding alcohol. Easily soluble in 
 hot potash, or soda-lye. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 
 143.) 
 
 Difficultly, but completely, soluble, and in no 
 inconsiderable quantity, in dilute nitric acid. From 
 this solution it may be reprecipitated by adding 
 a sufficient quantity of dilute sulphuric acid, but 
 not by solutions of alkaline sulphates, or at least 
 only incompletely, nor is any precipitate produced 
 by chlorhydric or phosphoric acids. Tartaric 
 acid, on the other hand, when added in sufficient 
 quantity, occasions a precipitate. ( Wackenroder, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. pp. 319, 320.) Slightly 
 soluble in warm nitric acid, but not when the acid 
 is dilute. (H. Rose, TV.) 
 
 Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves 0.005 pt. 
 of sulphate of lead. (Ure, Qiiar. J. Sci., 1817, 
 4. 118.) More soluble in the oil of vitriol of com- 
 merce than in a more concentrated acid, but below 
 this it is less soluble the more dilute the acid is. 
 (Hayes.) Soluble in a warm solution of caustic 
 ammonia, separating out on cooling. ( Wittstein.) 
 
 When recently precipitated it is somewhat sol- 
 uble even in a cold aqueous solution of chloride 
 of ammonium, but may be completely reprecipi- 
 
 tated by adding an excess of caustic ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. pp. 96, 99.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of chloride of am- 
 monium at 12.5 25, the filtered solution deposits 
 crystals of chloride of lead. (Weppen, from Arch. 
 d.'Pharm., (2.) 9. 236 ; in J.pr. Ch., 1837, 11. 183.) 
 Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium and of nitrate of ammonia. (Bolley, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 115.) Soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of acetate and nitrate of ammonia ; 1 pt. 
 of the ignited salt dissolving at 12.5 in 47 pts. of 
 a solution of acetate of ammonia of 1.036 sp. gr. ; 
 and in 969 pts. of a concentrated solution of ni- 
 trate of ammonia of 1 .29 sp. gr. From the solu- 
 tion in acetate of ammonia the sulphate of lead 
 may be reprecipitated, for the most part, by adding 
 an excess of free sulphuric acid, or sulphate of 
 potash ; from the solution in nitrate of ammonia 
 an excess of sulphate of potash precipitates the 
 sulphate of lead almost entirely, but free sulphu- 
 ric acid occasions no precipitate. (G. Bischof, 
 Schweigger's Journ. fur Ch. u. Phys., 1827, 51. 
 pp. 23 1 - 233, 236.) Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of acetate of ammonia at 18.8 < 25, and is 
 not precipitated by a small quantity of sulphuric 
 acid from a solution of acetate of lead mixed with 
 acetate of ammonia. When the solution of sul- 
 phate of lead in acetate of ammonia is evaporated 
 to dryness at a gentle heat, the residue may be 
 completely redissolved by a small quantity of wa- 
 ter. (Weppen, from Arch. d. Pharm,, (2.) 9. 
 236; in J.pr. Ch., 1837, 11. 182.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of sulphate of ammonia. (H. 
 Rose, TV.) Also soluble in a hot solution of suc- 
 cinate of ammonia. (Wittstein.) Easily soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the acetates of ammonia, 
 soda, potash, lime, alumina, and magnesia. (Mer- 
 cer, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1844, p. 32.) Very easily 
 and abundantly soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 normal tartrate of ammonia, a concentrated solu- 
 tion coagulating, after a time, to a stiff jelly. 
 (Woshler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 235.) 
 Even when in its native crystalline condition, it 
 is readily soluble in an aqueous solution of citrate 
 of ammonia. (J. Lawrence Smith, Proc. Amer. 
 Assoc., and Am. J. Set., (2.) 20. 244.) Slightly 
 decomposed by a solution of chloride of sodium. 
 (Bley.) 1 litre of water saturated with chloride 
 of sodium, marking 25 B., dissolves about 0.66 
 grm. of sulphate of lead; on being left to itself 
 this solution deposits crystals of a double com- 
 pound of chloride and sulphate of lead in the 
 course of several days. (Becquerel, C. R.. 1845, 
 20. 1523.) Completely soluble in a tolerably 
 concentrated aqueous solution of hyposulphite of 
 soda, especially if this be heated to 30 @ 36, but 
 at the temperature of boiling, and at the ordinary 
 temperature after a time, a certain amount of de- 
 composition ensues. (Lcewe, J. pr. C/i., 1858,74. 
 348.) Insoluble in a solution of acetate of lead. 
 (J. Lawrence Smith, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 16. 54.) 
 Not precipitated from solutions containing the 
 normal tartrates, or acetate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 Sparingly soluble in hot chlorhydric acid. 
 (Hayes.) Tolerably abundantly soluble in con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid, especially when this is 
 hot: crystals of chloride of lead separate from 
 this solution as it cools. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) It 
 does not dissolve in cold dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 (H. Rose, TV.) Soluble in 172 pts. of nitric acid, 
 of 1.144 sp. gr., at 12.5. (Bischof.) Water does 
 not render this solution turbid, but sulphuric acid 
 precipitates it completely; it is likewise precipi- 
 tated by carbonate of ammonia. (Bischof.) Di- 
 lute nitric acid also dissolves it, though slowly ; 
 
606 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 the solution is not precipitated by phosphoric or 
 chlorhydric acid, and but very slightly, if at all, 
 by alkaline sulphates ; it is precipitated, however, 
 by tartaric acid, and more especially by dilute 
 sulphuric acid. (Wackenroder, Ann. Pharm., 41. 
 319.) Soluble in nitric acid, from which nitrate 
 of lead precipitates a portion of it. (Gladstone.) 
 Slightly soluble in warm concentrated acids, from 
 which it is precipitated in part by water. 
 
 No more soluble in a solution of sulphate of 
 zinc acidulated with sulphuric acid than it is in 
 the latter by itself. (Eliot & Storer, Mem. Amer. 
 Acad., 1860 (N. S-), 8. 61.) 
 
 Decomposed when boiled with aqueous solu- 
 tions of the carbonates of potash, soda, and am- 
 monia, with formation of insoluble carbonate of 
 lead. (Persoz, C/tim. Mole'c., p. 384.) Decom- 
 posed by an aqueous solution of carbonate of 
 ammonia. (Weppen, from Arch. d. Pharm., (2.) 
 9.236; in J. pr. Ch., 1837, 11. 183.) Decom- j 
 posed by long-continued boiling with solutions 
 of those alkaline salts the acids of which form 
 sparingly soluble compounds with lead, as, for 
 example, the alkaline carbonates, oxalates, and 
 chromates, but it is not easy to attain complete 
 decomposition in this manner. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 720.) Completely decomposed, even at ordi- 
 nary temperatures, by solutions of the mono and 
 bicarbonates of the alkalies. The former dissolve 
 some oxide of lead in this case, the latter none. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 95. 426.) An equivalent 
 of sulphate of lead may be completely decom- 
 posed by an equivalent of an alkaline carbonate 
 in aqueous solution. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phi/s., (3.) 51. 347.) About equally soluble with 
 carbonate of lead in water, but much more soluble 
 than the latter in alkaline solutions. (Dulong, 
 Ann. de Chim., 82. 290.) More soluble than 
 chloride of lead in alkaline solutions. (Berthol- 
 let.) 1 pt. of nitrate of lead still gives a precipi- 
 tate with sulphuric acid in presence of 20000 pts. 
 of water (Pfaff; Harting) ; and with sulphate of 
 soda in 25000 pts. of water. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 SULPHATE or LEAD & OF POTASH. Slowly 
 decomposed by water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 SULPHATE OP LEAD & OF SODA. 
 
 SULPHATE OF LEUCIN. Soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid ; less soluble, or insoluble, in 
 absolute alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) anhydrous. Unites with water very slowly. 
 Ca 0, S 3 Totally insoluble in water at about 
 150. (Couste', Ann. des Mines, 1854, 
 (5.) 5. 144, note [see also under No. 3] ; Sul- 
 livan, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1857, p. 59.) Sulphate of 
 lime is precipitated in the anhydrous state from 
 superheated liquors. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch 
 et Phys., 1850, (3.) 30. 145.) Anhydrite is sol- 
 uble in 492.2 pts. of water at 15 @ 20. (Tipp.) 
 
 II.) Less soluble than ordinary gypsum in wa- 
 2 (Ca 0, 8 8 ) + Aq ter. [Has been studied by 
 Johnston ; also by Millon, Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys., (3.) 19. 221 ; compare Couste', inf.] 
 
 III.) Permanent. 
 
 (Gypsum.) 
 Cab, S 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 
 Dissolve of the an- 
 
 at C. 
 
 hydrous salt, pts. 
 
 ... 
 
 . . . 205 
 
 5 
 
 0.219 
 
 12 
 
 0.233 
 
 20 
 
 0.241 
 
 30 
 
 0.249 
 
 35 
 
 0.254 
 
 40 
 
 0.252 
 
 50 
 
 0.251 
 
 60 
 
 0.248 
 
 70 
 
 0.244 
 
 80 
 
 0.239 
 
 90 
 
 0.231 
 
 100 . 
 
 0.217 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. pp. 469, 471.) 
 
 When a solution of sulphate of lime, even if 
 very dilute, is heated to 100 or higher, a consid- 
 erable precipitate will be formed. (Graham, Phil. 
 Mag., 1827, (2.) 2. 23 ; see also No. I.) Soluble 
 in 388.3 pts. of water at 15 <@ 20, whether gyp- 
 sum or anhydrite are taken for the experiment. 
 (Tipp, cited in Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 Soluble in 380 pts. of cold, and 388 pts. of 
 boiling water (Giese) ; in 500 pts. of water, either 
 hot or cold (Fourcroy) ; in 500 pts. of water at 
 a moderate heat, and in 450 pts. of boiling water 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 180) ; in 461 pts. of water 
 at the ordinary temperature, and in from 458 to 
 461.4 pts. of boiling water, i. e. it is equally solu- 
 ble at the ordinary temperature and at boiling, as 
 is also proved by the fact that the hot aqueous 
 solution deposits nothing on cooling. (Bucholz, 
 Gehlen's Neues all. Journ. der Chemie, 1805, 5. 164.) 
 Soluble in 332 pts. of water at all temperatures 
 (Lassaigne) ; this statement has been contradicted 
 by Poggiale (vid. supra), who asserts that the 
 maximum solubility is at +35, at which tempera- 
 ture 1 pt. of the salt dissolves in 393 pts. of water; the 
 solubility decreases on elevating or depressing the 
 temperature, so that at 1 pt. of the salt is solu- 
 ble in 488 pts. of water, and at 100 1 pt. is solu- 
 ble in 460 pts. of water. 
 
 Soluble in 438 pts. of water. (Anthon, Pharm. 
 Centrallblatt, 1847, p. 827.) 100 pts. of water at 
 15.5 dissolve 0.2 pt. of it, and at 100, 0.22 pt. 
 (Ure's Diet.) Soluble in 250 (5) 300 pts. of water 
 (Dumas, Tr., 6. 276) ; more soluble in water 
 acidulated with sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric 
 acids. 
 
 More soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride 
 of ammonium than in pure water. (A. Vogel.) 
 When a solution of sulphate of lime in chloride 
 of ammonium is evaporated and then set aside 
 to cool, or when the solution is allowed to evap- 
 orate spontaneously, a quantity of the sulphate of 
 lime separates out, pure and in well-formed crys- 
 tals. (Storer.) More soluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of chloride of sodium than in pure water. 
 (Trommsdorff.) Very easily soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of sodium, and is not repre- 
 cipitated on the addition of dilute sulphuric acid. 
 (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 316.) 
 Soluble in 122 pts. of a saturated aqueous solution 
 of chloride of sodium. (Anthon.) Insoluble in 
 concentrated aqueous solutions of chloride of so- 
 dium, but is, nevertheless, more soluble in dilute 
 solutions than it is in pure water. (Dumas, Tr., 
 6. 153.) The maximum solubility of sulphate 
 of lime in saline water, (at least in that of the 
 saline at Moutiers) is in that of 1.033 sp. gr. 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 607 
 
 In a liquor Are dissolved pts. 
 
 marking B. of sulphate of lime. 
 
 00033 
 
 2 0.0043 
 
 5 0.00605 (maximum) 
 
 15 0.0043 
 
 27 0.0000 
 
 (Berthier, cited by Dumas, Tr., 6. 335.) 
 Less soluble in hot than in cold water, or sea- 
 water. At temperatures superior to 100 the solu- 
 bility of sulphate of lime in sea-water diminishes 
 very nearly proportionally to the augmentation of 
 temperature. 
 
 Solubility of Sulphate of Lime in Sea-water at 
 Temperatures above 103. 
 
 Sea-water saturated with 
 Under a pressure 
 of atmospheres. 
 
 AtC. 
 
 103.00 
 103.80 
 105 15 
 108.60 
 1 1 1 .00 
 113.20 
 115.80 
 118.50 
 121 20 
 124.00 
 127.90 
 130.00 
 133.30 
 
 Ca 0, S O s 
 Marks B. Contains in solu- 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1.25- 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2.5 
 
 (at 15 C). 
 
 . 12.5 
 12 
 11 
 10 
 
 9 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 tion percent of 
 Ca O, S O 3 . 
 0.500 
 0.477 
 0.432 
 0.395 
 0.355 
 0.310 
 0.2<j7 
 0.226 
 0.183 
 0.140 
 0.097 
 0.060 
 
 2.5 ... 1 ... 0.023 
 
 This table expresses, for example, the fact that 
 when sea-water is boiled under a pressure of 1 at- 
 mosphere, or at 103, it will become saturated 
 with sulphate of lime when its density has been 
 elevated to 12.5B., and will then contain 0.5% of 
 the sulphate ; at 1.25 atmosphere, or 108.6, the 
 water will be saturated with sulphate when it 
 marks 10 B., and will then contain 0.395% of this 
 salt ; at a pressure of 2 atmospheres, or 124, sea- 
 water, in its natural state, and without having been 
 subjected to any concentration, is very near the 
 point at which saturation occurs, for this natural 
 water marks 3 @ 3.5 B., and in the cited case 
 
 sulphate thus precipitated redissolves after the 
 solution has cooled, but so much the more slowly 
 in proportion as the temperature at which it was 
 precipitated is more elevated. That which has 
 been precipitated at 150 requires several (5 i 6) 
 days in order to redissolve, and this even when 
 the proportion of the precipitate is very small as 
 compared with that of the water. (Couste, Ann. 
 des Mines, 1854, (5.) 5. pp. 80, 140-144.) 
 
 All that has been said concerning the solubility 
 of sulphate of lime in sea-water at temperatures 
 above 130 applies as well to fresh water. (Couste, 
 loc. cit., p. 144.) 
 
 Since sulphate of lime is not deposited from its solution 
 in sea-water until this has arrived at a certain degree of 
 concentration, i. e. 12 (a> 13 B., when the ebullition is 
 effected in free air, it would seem as if all incrustation of 
 steam-boilers fed with sea-water might be prevented by 
 maintaining ihe water in the boiler at a state of concentra- 
 tion inferior to the degree which corresponds to its satura- 
 tion with sulphate of lime. A result which would be 
 attained by evacuating the water of the boiler, in such pro- 
 portion, relatively to the water injected, that the quantity of 
 sulphate of lime thrown out shall be at least equal to the 
 quantity of sulphate introduced in the feed-water. That 
 is to say, P being the weight of the water injected in a given 
 time, p that of the water evacuated in the same time ; n 
 the proportion of the sulphate of lime contained in the feed- 
 water, N the analogous proportion in water concentrated to 
 such an extent as to be saturated with sulphate of lime ; it 
 
 would be sufficient to make p ^>^ ? 
 
 In order that this principle may be applicable it is evi- 
 dently necessary that-^ must be a small fraction. A con- 
 dition which is tolerably well fulfilled by sea-water, for, 
 admitting all the lime to be in the state of sulphate, natural 
 sea-water, or that at 3 B. contains 0.097 percent of sul- 
 phate of lime, and this same water, brought to a state of 
 saturation as regards the sulphaie, by boiling down in free 
 air, i. e. to 12.5 B., contains 0.5 percent of sulphate of 
 
 lime. In this case, then, 
 
 _ = 1-097 
 N 0-507 
 
 But N diminishes rapidly in proportion as the tempera- 
 ture, or pressure, at which the ebullition takes place is in- 
 creased. Its value is still tolerably large when the ebullition 
 occurs under a pressure of 1.25 atmosphere (109), which 
 is the case with low-pressure boilers, but for pressures 
 above 2 @ 3 atmospheres (121 and 135) the values of N 
 are inferior to those of n. 
 
 As for fresh waters, the principle of evacuation is inap- 
 plicable to them, because, on the one hand, they dissolve 
 
 / o ^t plluiti-Ut; i<J ui< in, uci'ause, uii me <un. uiinu, Lucy ui^auive 
 
 saturation occurs at a concentration of 4 . (Couste, j very uttle sulphate of lime (less than 0.003 percent in the 
 loc infra cit) Sulphate of lime becomes com- I cold),, and, on the other, they always contain carbonate of 
 pletely insoluble, either in fresh or sea-water, at lime, against which evact 
 temperatures between 140 and 150. If a solu- 
 tion of it be exposed to these temperatures the 
 whole of the sulphate will be precipitated either in 
 small crystals or very thin films, according as it 
 is more or less abundant in the solution.* The 
 
 It is therefore necessary to conclude lhat the principle of 
 evacuation is only applicable to boilers fed with sea-water, 
 and even then only to those which are worked at low press- 
 ures. But in practice this theoretical assumption is not 
 completely efficacious, it being found that, while evacuation 
 hinders incrustation of those parts of the boiler which are 
 indirectly heated, i.e. heated only by the contact of smoke and 
 gaseous products of combustion, it is powerless to prevent 
 * In experimenting upon the point at. which sulphate of i tne incrustation of the surface which is heated directly, by 
 lime is completely* insoluble Couste added to 100 cc._ of the radiant heat of the fire and contact of the flame ; for the 
 distilled water 2 drops of sea-water (natural), marking j neal being very intense in the latter case, the layer of water 
 4.25 B., each drop forming 0.068 ec., and the two drops , next j n con tact with the walls of this portion of the boiler 
 consequently containing 2 X 0.068 X 0.0015 = 0.0002 cc. j g nea t e <l above the limit of concentration, and deposits 
 
 ~ I some of its sulphate. (Couste, Jinn, des Mines, 1854, (5.) 
 5. pp. 82, etseq., 145-147.) 
 
 [A remarkable feature in the precipitation of 
 
 lime could be detected floatingln the liquid. ' sulphate of lime from its solutions when these are 
 
 A similar experiment was made with a mixture of 100 : j )ea ted, and which appears to have been over- 
 
 of sulphate of lime ; the mixture therefore containing 
 0.000002 of this salt. A portion of this mixture being ex- 
 posed in a sealed tube to a temperature of 140 during 15 
 minutes, a deposit of exceedingly thin films of sulphate of 
 
 pressed by the equation ' 068 X To x _ j^ _ 1 ^_ 0.00000005. source of heat has been removed and the temperature 
 
 100 
 
 At the end of 30 minutes the prepuce of minute pellicles, has fallen to that of ordinary air. Thus in one 
 like those of the previous experiment, was detected. - o f many experiments, a quantity of brine from the 
 
 Sulphate of lime may consequently be considered as )- i sa ]t.works at Syracuse, N. Y., was heated in a 
 tally insoluble in sea-water, and d/oJ-rtor;, in ^ sma ll c l ose boiler during five minutes to 143. On 
 at temperatures betweenHO and 150. When a solution ot * 
 
608 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 both instances the clear filtrate became blue in the 
 course of a few minutes, and at the end of 24 hours 
 had deposited a large quantity of an amorphous 
 powder. The bearing of this point upon the ques- 
 tion of evacuating steam-boilers is obvious. (Sto- 
 rer, unpublished experiments made in 1857.).] 
 
 More soluble in solutions of sulphate of soda 
 (0. Henry), and succinate of ammonia (Wittstein), 
 than in pure water. Soluble to a very consider- 
 able extent in an aqueous solution of acetate of 
 ammonia at 18.8 (S> 25, especially when recently 
 precipitated. An ounce of the solution of acetate 
 of ammonia (Liquor ammonii acetici of the Prus- 
 sian pharmacopcea) dissolves nearly 10 grains of 
 sulphate of lime. (Weppen, from Arch. d. Pharm., 
 (2.) 9. 236, in J. pr. Ck., 1837, 11. 182.) Also 
 much more abundantly soluble in a solution of 
 chloride of ammonium at 12.5 @ 25 than in 
 pure water, but is less soluble therein than in a 
 solution of acetate of ammonia. (Weppen, Ibid., 
 J.pr. Cft., p. 183.) When recently precipitated it 
 dissolves in an aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium, though less speedily and perhaps less 
 completely than carbonate or phosphate of lime. 
 A solution of nitrate of ammonia acts much in 
 the same way as that of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 11. 96.) Slightly 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of sulphate of mag- 
 nesia (but not readily soluble, as in a solution 
 of sulphate of soda). (Bergman, Essays, 1. pp. 
 395, 442.) No more soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of carbonic acid than in pure water. (J. 
 Davy.) 
 
 [In view of a statement by Risler, in Gasparin's 
 Ar/ronomie, to the effect that sulphate of lime is 
 much more soluble in the extract of garden earth, 
 which he had studied in connection with Verdeil, 
 than in pure water, I was led several years since 
 to make the following approximative experiments, 
 hoping thereby to arrive at some conclusion which 
 might be interesting in an agricultural point of 
 view. It will be observed that Risler's statement 
 was not corroborated.* 
 
 When mixed at the 1 pt. of Ca 0, S 3 Thesolution con- 
 temperature of!5 (fit was dissolved by tained percent 
 20 with a solution of pts. of the solution, of Ca 0, S 3 . 
 
 Distilled water . . 446.9 . . . 0.224 
 Extract of earth 485.5 0.205 
 Cane-sugar (con- 
 taining a little lime) 300.1 0.333 
 Fe 0, S 8 393.6 0.253 
 Putrid urine . . . 480.2 . . . 0.208 
 
 A sample of crude sulphate of ammonia liquor 
 (containing N H 4 S ; N H 4 Cy, &c.), prepared in 
 the large way at a manufactory by mixing gyp- 
 sum with the ammoniacal liquor of gas-works, 
 contained 0.232% of Ca 0, S Os, i. e. 1 pt. of 
 Ca 0, S O 3 was soluble in 430.7 pts. of the solu- 
 tion of impure sulphate of ammonia. (F. H. S.)] 
 
 More freely soluble in a concentrated aqueous 
 solution of sulphate of ammonia ( 1 pt. salt to 4 
 pts. of water) than in pure water. Such a solu- 
 tion produces no precipitate in a solution of a 
 lime salt, neither in the cold nor on boiling. (H. 
 Rose.) More freely soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of sesquichloride of iron, sesquichloride of chro- 
 mium, protochloride of copper and chloride of 
 
 * To obtain the solutions, sulphate of lime was mixed with 
 an excess of the materials named, excepting the salts, of 
 which only a single equivalent was employed in each case ; 
 the mixtures placed in small bottles which were nearly filled 
 with water, and the whole shaken several times daily during 
 a month. The temperature of the laboratory ranging mean- 
 while from 15 @ 20. Portions were then filtered off into 
 beaker-glasses, the weight of solution taken determined, and 
 the lime precipitated as oxalate. 
 
 zinc, than in pure water; but no more soluble in a 
 solution of chloride of calcium than in water. 
 (Gladstone.) When neutral aqueous solutions of 
 hyposulphite of lime and sulphate of alumina are 
 mixed a somewhat copious precipitate of sulphate 
 of lime subsides, but at the same time a portion 
 of each of the mixed salts remains undecomposed 
 in the solution. (Herschel, Edin. Phil. Journ., 
 1819, 1. 22.) Rather easily and completely solu- 
 ble at the ordinary temperature in a saturated 
 aqueous solution of hyposulphite of soda, and 
 more readily at the temperature of boiling. On 
 the addition of alcohol to this solution all the 
 lime is precipitated as a double hyposulphite. On 
 adding crystals of hyposulphite of soda to a mix- 
 ture of water and sulphate of lime it was found that 
 more than ten times as much of the latter was 
 dissolved as could have been taken up by the 
 water alone. (Diehl, J. pr. Ch-, 1860, 79. 430.) 
 
 Sulphate of lime is not precipitated at ordinary 
 temperatures when dilute solutions of chloride of 
 calcium and sulphate of magnesia are mixed, but 
 precipitation takes place when the mixed solutions 
 are heated. Even in tolerably concentrated solu- 
 tions some time elapses before precipitation com- 
 mences at the ordinary temperature. ( R. Brandes, 
 Schweigger's Journ., 18"25, 43. 157.) If a solution 
 containing 7J pts. of chloride of calcium in 100 
 pts. of water be mixed with a solution containing 
 7j pts. of sulphate of magnesia in 100 pts. of 
 water, no precipitate of sulphate of lime will be 
 formed, although 5.75 pts. of Ca 0, S O 3 are 
 present in the 200 pts. of water, and, as has just 
 been stated, more than 400 pts. of water are re- 
 quired to dissolve 1 pt. of it at the ordinary tem- 
 perature. (Brandes, cited by Mulder, in his Sil- 
 berprobirmethode, p. 14.) No precipitate is formed 
 when aqueous solutions of nitrate of lime and 
 dilute sulphate of soda are mixed at the ordinary 
 temperature, but on heating an abundant precipi- 
 tate of sulphate of lime is formed. (Person, Cfiim. 
 MoUc., p. 382.) Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of acetate of soda. (Mulder, he. cit.) More sol- 
 uble in a solution of chloride of potassium than 
 in water. (Mulder, loc. cit., p. 16.) 
 
 Decomposed, with separation of carbonate of 
 lime, when treated with aqueous solutions of the 
 fixed alkaline carbonates. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 
 223.) An equivalent of sulphate of lime is com- 
 pletely decomposed by an equivalent of an alka- 
 line carbonate in aqueous solution. (Malaguti, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 51. 347.) Like sulphate 
 of baryta, its precipitation is very much hindered 
 by the presence of metaphosphate of soda. (Rube, 
 J. pr. Ch., 1858, 75. 116.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol, the sp. gr. of which is 
 0.905, or less. (Anthon, J. pr. Ch., 14. 125.) 
 Soluble in alcoholic solutions, the alcohol being 
 dilute, of the nitrates of ammonia, potas-h, and 
 soda, and the chlorides of ammonium, potassium, 
 and sodium. (Marguerritte, C. R., 38. 308 ) 
 
 1 equivalent of sulphate of lime is soluble in 
 3 equivalents of chlorhydric acid, somewhat 
 diluted, at the ordinary temperature: on the 
 addition of sulphuric acid to this solution a pre- 
 cipitate 'is produced. (Gladstone.) When sul- 
 phate of lime is treated with chlorhydric acid at 
 the ordinary temperature it soon begins to be dis- 
 solved : in the solution thus obtained sulphuric 
 acid produces a precipitate, but none is produced 
 on the addition of a solution of chloride of cal- 
 cium. If the acid and sulphate of lime are boiled 
 together the latter is more completely dissolved, 
 sulphuric acid producing a more abundant precip- 
 itate than befuie, but chloride of calcium still pro- 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 609 
 
 duccs none. " Sulphate of lime is consequently 
 much more difficultly soluble in dilute sulphuric 
 than in chlorhydric acid ; nevertheless a concen- 
 trated aqueous solution of sulphate of lime affords 
 no precipitate or cloudiness when treated with 
 sulphuric acid." (H. Rose, Poc/g.Ann., 95. 109.) 
 Sulphate of lime is not taken up by very concen- 
 ' trated chlorhydric acid to nearly the same extent 
 as when the acid is dilute, hence a saturated solu- 
 tion of the salt in the latter is copiously precipi- 
 tated by the addition of fuming chlorhydric acid 
 as well as by that of water. (S. W. Johnson, 
 Am. J. Sci., (2.) 35. 283.) 
 
 When anhydrous sulphate of lime is treated 
 with concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature 
 of from 80 i 100 it is converted into bisulphate, 
 a portion of which dissolves in the excess of acid. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 JSiSuLPHATE OF LIME. Somewhat soluble in 
 Ca 0, H 0, 2 S 3 concentrated sulphuric acid at a 
 temperature of 80 @ 100, sepa- 
 rating out again as the solution cools. Instantly 
 decomposed- by water. Also decomposes grad- 
 ually when exposed to the air. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 403.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF LIME, OF MAGNESIA, & OF 
 
 2 (Ca 0, S O 3 ) ; Mg 0, S 3 i K 0, S 3 + 2 Aq POTASH. 
 
 O ccurs 
 
 as the mineral Polyhalite. Slowly decomposed, 
 with partial solution, by water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF LIME & OF POTASH. Spar- 
 
 Ca 0, S O s ; K 0, S 3 + Aq ingly soluble in water. 
 
 Easily soluble in dilute 
 
 chlorhydric acid. (J. A. Phillips, J. Ch. Soc., 3. 
 352.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF LIME & OF SODA. 
 I.) Occurs as the mineral Glauberite. Decom- 
 Ca 0, S 3 ; Na 0, S 3 posed, with partial solution, 
 by a small quantity of wa- 
 ter ; completely soluble in much water. 
 
 II.) Is not decomposed by water, but is spar- 
 3(CaO, S0 3 ); Na 0, S 3 ingly soluble in water. 
 (Rcithner.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF LIME & OP URANIUM. Occurs 
 
 Ca 0, S 3 ; Ur 2 O s , S 3 + 15 Aq as the mineral Med- 
 
 jidite. Insoluble in 
 
 water, but dissolves readily in the smallest quan- 
 tity of dilute chlorhydric acid. (Lawrence Smith, 
 Am. J. Sci, (2.) 5. 336.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF LITHIA. Very slightly hygro- 
 LiO, SO 3 + Aq scopic. (Kilmers.) Very soluble 
 in water. Not perceptibly soluble 
 to a greater extent in hot than in cold water. 
 ( Hermann.) 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble 
 in 2.89 pts. of water at 18 ; or 100 pts. of water 
 at 18 dissolve 34.6 pts. of it. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 3. 269.) Less soluble in warm water than in 
 water at the ordinary temperature. (Troost.) 
 Soluble in 2.33 pts. of cold or hot water. (Witt- 
 stein's Ilandw.) 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt 
 
 is soluble in 2.83 pts. of water at 
 
 2.91 " 20 
 
 3.06 " 45 
 
 3.30 65 
 
 " 3.42 100 
 
 (Kremers, Fogg. Ann., 95. 469.) 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 105. 
 (Kremers, Fogg. Ann., 99. 43.) Sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohoh (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Very spar- 
 i"gly soluble in alcohol. (Wittstein's Ilandw.} 
 Easily soluble in alcohol. (Hermann.) 
 77 
 
 II.) hi. Soluble in water. 
 Has no existence. (Troost.) 
 SULPHATE OF LITHIA & OF POTASH. 
 Li 0, S 3 ; 2 (K 0. S O 3 ) 
 
 SULPHATE OF LOBELIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF LOPHIN. Efflorescent. Solu- 
 
 SC 28 r V ble in water, with partial 
 
 c u H 6 " . H 0, S 3 decomposition ; it is even 
 possible to remove nearly 
 
 all the sulphuric acid by repeatedly crystallizing 
 it from water. Also soluble in alcohol, with simi- 
 lar partial decomposition. Soluble in sulphuric 
 acid. (Atkinson & Gcessmann, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 97. 290.) More soluble in alcohol than 
 in water. (Laurent.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF LUTEOCOBALT. Effloresces in 
 
 (Sulphate of LuttoCobaltiaque.) dry air. Rather in- 
 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , 3 S 3 + 5 Aq soluble in cold, but 
 
 freely soluble in hot 
 
 water. The solution is not readily decomposed 
 by boiling. (Gibbs & Genth, Smi'thson. Contrib., 
 vol. 9. pp. 40-44, of the memoir.) Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, more soluble in hot water. (Fre- 
 my, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 35. 283.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 x = anhydrous. Quickly deliquesces. Easily 
 MgO, S 3 soluble in water. Soluble in 2.961 pts. 
 of water at 15. (Gerlach's determi- 
 nation. See his table of sp. grs., below.) 100 
 pts. of water at dissolve 25.76 pts. of it. (Otto- 
 Graham.) 
 
 As good as insoluble in absolute alcohol. Slight- 
 ly soluble in dilute spirit. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 p. 129.) [Sec also under e.] 100 pts. of alco- 
 hol of from 0.872 to 0.900 sp. gr. dissolve 1 pt. 
 of sulphate of magnesia ; but alcohol of from 
 0.817 to 0848 sp. gr. dissolves none of it. (Kir- 
 wan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274 [T.].) 
 
 b = Mg 0, S 3 + Aq 
 
 C = Mg 0, S 3 + 2 Aq 
 
 d = Mg 0, S 3 + 6 Aq Vid. inf. p. 610, col. 2. 
 
 e Mg 0, S 3 + 7 Aq Efflorescent in warm air. 
 (Epsom Salts.) Ignited sulphate of mag- 
 
 nesia dissolves very slow- 
 ly in water, but the crystals are rapidly soluble. 
 
 Dissolve pts. 
 
 300 pts. of of the anhydrous of the eryst. salt 
 water at C. salt Mg 0, S 3 . Mg S 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 14.58 . . 32.76 . . . 103.69 
 39.86 45.05 178.34 
 
 49.08 49.18 212.61 
 
 64.35 56.75 295.13 
 
 97.03 . . 72.30 . . . 644.44 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Cfi. et Phys., (2.) 11. 311.) 
 The curve of the solubility of the crystallized 
 salt is a straight line, of which the equation is 
 y = 0.47816 x -f- 25.76. (Gay-Lussac, loc. cit.) 
 100 pts. of Dissolve pts. of the anhydrous salt, 
 water at C. Gay-Lussac. Tobler. 
 
 .... 25.8 . . 24.7 
 
 10 30.5 
 
 20 35.0 
 
 25 37.1 
 
 30 39.8 
 
 40 45.2 47.0 
 
 50 49.7 
 
 55 . . 52.8 
 
 60 55.9 
 
 70 60.4 
 
 80 65.1 
 
 90 .... 70.3 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. P/tarm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 
610 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 25.76 pts. of the 
 anhydrous salt, and 0.47816 pts. for every degree, 
 eenticrade, above this. (Gay-Lussae, cited by 
 Gmeiin.) 100 pts. of water at dissolve 28.067 
 pts. of the anhydrous salt. (Pfaff, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pliarm., 99. 226.) 100 pts. of the saturated 
 aqueous solution contain, at the boiling point 
 (105.5), 57.5 pts. of the dry salt; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 105.5 dissolve 135.52 pts. of it ; or 1 pt. 
 of the dry salt is soluble in 0.7391 pts. of water 
 at 105.5. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 
 90.) The aqueous solution saturated at 17.5 is 
 of 1.2932 sp. gr., it contains 55.57% of the crys- 
 tallized salt (Mg O, S Os + 7 Aq) ; or 100 pts. 
 of water dissolve 125.06 pts. of the crystallized, 
 or 60 pts. of the anhydrous salt at 17.5. (Kar 
 sten, Berlin Abtiandl , 18-40, p. 101.) 1 pt. of the 
 crystallized salt is soluble in 0.799 pt. of water at 
 18*.75, forming a liquor of 1.2932 sp. gr. 
 
 The solution saturated at 8 is of 1.267 sp. gr. 
 (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 24. 210.) 100 
 pts. of water at dissolve 53.8 pts. of it, and at 
 the ordinary temperature 125 pts. (Otto-Gra- 
 ham.) Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, and in less than 
 1 pt. of boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Wittstcin's Hnrulio.) Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, 
 
 and in 0.5 pt. of boiling water. 
 Soluble in 2 pt*. of water at 18.75. 
 ' 
 
 (Fourcroy.) 
 (Abl, from 
 
 (Estrrr. Zm'tschrift fur Phnrm , 8. 201 ; in Can- 
 stall's JalireslM-richi, fur 1854, p. 76.) Soluble in 
 4 pts. of water at 0, in 3 pts. at 15, and in 1.4 
 pts. at 97. (Schubarth's Tech.) 
 
 1 pt. of the 
 anhydrous 
 salt is solu- 
 
 1 pt. of the 
 crystallized 
 salt is solu- 
 
 atC. 
 
 100 pts. of the saturated 
 solution contain pts. 
 Of the Of the 
 
 ble in pts. 
 of water. 
 
 ble in pts. 
 of water. 
 
 
 anhv'lrous 
 salt. 
 
 crystal- 
 lized salt. 
 
 3.05 . 
 
 . 0.96 
 
 14.4 
 
 . 24.67 . 
 
 50.90 
 
 1.38 . 
 
 . 0.155 . 
 
 97.2 
 
 . 41.96 . 
 
 86.56 
 
 (M. R. & P.) 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 
 10 contains 33.3% of the salt (Eller) ; 
 
 in the cold 
 at 38 (of 
 B.'s therm.) 
 at 12.5 
 
 33.3% 
 
 43.6% 
 53.3% 
 
 (Fourcroy) ; 
 
 (Bcerhave) ; 
 ( H a s s e n - 
 
 [fratz, Ann. de Chim, 28. 291.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 100 pts. of 
 the crystallized salt, and at 100, 130 @ 150 pts. 
 (Ure's Diet.) The aqueous solution saturated at 
 15 is of 1.275211 sp. gr., and contains dissolved 
 n every 100 pts. of water at least 92.217 pts. of 
 
 the crystallized salt. (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) Soluble in 1 pt. 
 of water at a moderate heat, and in scarce 0.66 pt. 
 of boiling water. Insoluble in rectified spirit. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. pp. 181, 438, 457.) 
 
 1 pt. of the 7 Aq salt is soluble in 0.933 pts. of 
 water at 15 (Gerlach's determination, see his 
 table of sp. grs., below) ; in 0.92 pt. of water at 
 23; or 100 pts. of water at 23 dissolve 108.3 pts. 
 of it ; or the aqueous solution saturated at 23 
 contains 52% of it, or 24.4% of the anhydrous 
 salt, and is of 1.2863 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. 
 Ch.u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
 Boiling aqueous solutions of sulphate of mag- 
 nesia, which are not too highly charged with the 
 salt, do not crystallize when they are cooled in 
 closed vessels out of contact with atmospheric 
 air [or in vessels loosely stopped with pledgets 
 of cotton-wool, by which the air is filtered 
 (Schrceder, Ann. C'h. u. Pharm., 109. 45)1, phe- 
 nomena of supersaturation like those exhibited 
 bv sulphate and carbonate of soda being mani- 
 fested. This behavior is owing to the formation 
 of a six-hydrated salt, which is much more solu- 
 ble in water than the seven-hydrated salt, and also 
 to the formation of an isomeric modification (/J) 
 of the scven-hydrated salt, crystallizing in tables, 
 which is less soluble than the six-hydrated salt, 
 hut more soluble than the ordinary () seven- 
 hvdrated needles. Thus, the saturated aqueous 
 solution of the six-hydrated salt (Mg 0, S O 3 
 + 6 Aq) [mother liquor, from which crystals 
 have been deposited] contains at 
 
 0, 40.75 pts. of anhydrous Mg O, S Os in 100 
 
 pts. of water. 
 10, 42.23 
 
 20, 43.87 u " 
 
 while the mother liquor, from which crystals of 
 the tabular seven-hydrated salt (Mg O, S O 3 + 7 
 Aq (,rf) ) had separated, contains at 
 
 0, 34.67 pts. of anhydrous Mg O, S O s in 100 
 
 pts. of water. 
 10, 38.71 " 
 
 20, 42.84 " 
 
 This salt (Mg O, S O s + 7 Aq (?) ) does not crys- 
 tallize at temperatures above 21 @ 22. At 25 
 @ 30 crystals of the six-hydrated salt are formed. 
 (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. et Phy's., (3) 43. 405; com- 
 pare Schrceder, Ann. Ch.'u. Pharm., 109. 51.) 
 
 The relations appear to better advantage in the 
 following table. 
 
 At C. 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 Mg O, S O s + 7 Aq (*) contains 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 Mg O, S O 3 + 7 Aq(/3) contains 
 
 A saturated aqueous solution of 
 , S 0, + 6 Aq contains 
 
 
 Anhydrous 
 MgO, S O s 
 dissolved by 
 
 7 Aq(a) salt 
 dissolved by 
 100 pts. of 
 
 Anhydrous 
 Mg O, S O s 
 dissolved by 
 
 7 Aq O) salt 
 dissolved by 
 100 pts. of wa- 
 
 Anhydrous 
 Mg O, S 3 
 dissolved 
 
 6 Aq salt dis- 
 solved by 100 
 pts. of water. 
 
 7 Aq salt dis- 
 solved by 100 
 pts. of water. 
 
 
 100 pts. of 
 
 water. 
 
 100 pts. of 
 
 ter. 
 
 by 100 pts. 
 
 
 
 
 water. 
 
 
 water. 
 
 
 of water. 
 
 
 
 
 
 26.0 . 
 
 . . 73.31 
 
 34.67 . 
 
 . 111.74 
 
 40.75 . 
 
 122.22 . 
 
 . 146.02 
 
 10 
 
 30.9 
 
 93.75 
 
 38.71 
 
 133.67 
 
 42.23 
 
 129.44 
 
 155.53 
 
 20 
 
 35.6 . 
 
 . . 116.54 
 
 42.84 . 
 
 . 159.61 
 
 43.87 . 
 
 137.72 . 
 
 . 167.97 
 
 Percentage of Sulphate of Magnesia in aqueous 
 Solutions of known Specific Gravity . 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of 
 
 (at 15). Mg 0, S 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 .006 0.99 
 
 .010 1.96 
 
 .016 2.91 
 
 .020 3.84 
 
 .024 4.76 
 
 .029 5.66 
 
 .034 6.54 
 
 .039 7.41 
 
 (Lcewel, hc:cit., p. 413.) 
 
 Percent of 
 MgO,SO s +7Aq. 
 
 gp gr. 
 (at 15). 
 
 1.043 ...... 8.25 
 
 1.046 9.09 
 
 1.050 9-91 
 
 1.055 10.71 
 
 1.059 11-50 
 
 1.064 12.28 
 
 1.068 13.04 
 
 1.072 13.79 
 
 1.075 14.52 
 
 1.080 ..... 15.25 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 611 
 
 Sp. er. Percent of 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of Perct-nt of 
 
 (at 15). Mg 0, S 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 (at 15). MgO,S0 3 . MgO, S 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 1.084 15.96 
 
 1.17420 .. 16 .... 32.780 
 
 1.088 16.66 
 
 1.18618 17 34828 
 
 1.091 17.35 
 
 1.19816 18 36.877 
 
 1.095 18.03 
 
 1 21014 19 38.926 
 
 1.098 18.69 
 
 1.22212 20 40975 
 
 1.101 19.35 
 
 1.23465 21 43023 
 
 1.104 20.00 
 
 1.24718 22 45.072 
 
 1.107 20.63 
 
 1.25972 23 47.121 
 
 Mil 21.26 
 
 1.27225 24 49.170 
 
 1.114 21.87 
 
 1.28478 25 51.218 
 
 1.117 22.48 
 
 1.28802 . . 25.248 . . . 51.726* 
 
 1.120 23.07 
 
 (* Saturated solution.) 
 
 1.124 23.66 
 
 (Gerlach, Sp Geiv. der Salzlcesungen, p. 22.) See 
 
 1.128 24.24 
 
 also a table of the sp. gr. of a 20% solution for 
 
 1.131 24.81 
 
 each degree of temperature from to 50 C , on p. 
 
 1.134 25.37 
 
 124 of Gerlach's work. 
 
 1.137 25.92 
 
 Contains (by expert - 
 
 1.140 26.47 
 
 An aqueous solution ment) percent of 
 
 1.143 27.01 
 
 of sp. gr. cat 23). M^ 0, S O 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 1.145 27 53 
 
 .2863 5223 
 
 1.147 28.05 
 
 .1806 34.82 
 
 1.150 28.57 
 
 .1162 23.21 
 
 1.153 2907 
 
 .0862 17.36 
 
 1.155 29.57 
 
 .0569 11.60 
 
 1.158 30.06 
 
 0273 5.80 
 
 1.161 30.55 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 1858,108. 336.) 
 
 1.164 31.03 
 1.166 31.51 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the following 
 table by means of the formula: D = 1 -j- 
 
 1.168 31.97 
 
 0.004776 p + 0.00000846 p 2 -f- 0.000000098 p 3 ; 
 
 1.170 32.43 
 1.172 32.88 
 1.174 3333 
 
 in which 1) = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 1.207 37.50 
 
 Sp.gr. Percent of Percent of anhydr. 
 (at 23). MgO,S0 3 +7Aq. MgO, SO,. 
 
 1.230 41.17 
 
 1.0048 ... 1 .... 0.488 
 
 1.250 44.44 
 
 1.0096 2 0.975 
 
 1.270 47.36 
 
 1 0144 3 1.463 
 
 1.282 (at 27.5) 50.00 
 
 1.0193 4 1.951 
 
 1 294 (at 32.5) 52.38 
 
 1.0242 5 2.439 
 
 1.304 (at 37.5) 54.54 
 
 1.0290 6 2.928 
 
 (Anthon, J. pr. C/i., 7. 71 ; 9. 3 ; and Gmelin's 
 
 1.0339 7 3.416 
 
 Handbook, 3. 239.) 
 
 1.0387 8 3.904 
 
 From Anthon's table, Schiff calculates the 
 
 1.0437 9 4.392 
 
 following table for the anhydrous salt, bv means 
 
 1.0487 10 4.878 
 
 of the formula: D = 1 + 0011 p 0,00003 p% 
 
 1.0537 . 11 5.366 
 
 + 000000084 p 8 ; in which D = the sp. gr. of 
 
 1.0587 12 5.854 
 
 the solution, and p the percentage of substance in 
 
 1.0637 13 6.342 
 
 the solution. 
 
 1.0688 14 6830 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of an- Sp. gr. Percent of an - 
 
 1.0739 15 7.318 
 
 (at!5). hydr. Mg o, S O 3 . (at 15). hydr.MgO. S0 3 . 
 
 1.0790 16 7.806 
 
 1.054 . . 5 1.326 . . 30 
 
 1.0842 17 8.294 
 
 1.108 10 1.384 35 
 
 1.0894 18 8.782 
 
 1.161 15 1.446 40 
 
 1.0945 19 9270 
 
 1.215 20 1.511 45 
 
 1.0997 20 9-756 
 
 1.269 . . 25 1.580 . . 50 
 
 1.1050 21 10.244 
 
 
 1.1103 22 10.732 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. . Pharm., 1858, 1O7. 303.) 
 
 l!l!56 23 H220 
 
 Sp.irr. Percent of Percent of 
 
 1.1209 24 11.708 
 
 (at 15 ). Mg 0, S 3 . Mg 0, S O 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 1.1262 25 12196 
 
 1.01031 . . 1 . . . 2049 
 
 1.1316 26 12.684 
 
 1.02062 2 4.097 
 
 1.1371 27 13.172 
 
 1.03092 3 6.146 
 
 .1426 28 13.660 
 
 1.04123 4 8.195 
 
 .1481 29 14148 
 
 1.05154 5 10244 
 
 .1536 30 14.634 
 
 .06229 6 12.292 
 
 .1592 31 15.122 
 
 .07304 7 14.341 
 
 .1648 32 15.610 
 
 .08379 8 16.390 
 
 .1704 33 16.098 
 
 .09454 9 18.439 
 
 .1760 34 16.586 
 
 .10529 10 20.487 
 
 1.1817 35 17.074 
 
 .11668 11 22.536 
 
 1.1875 36 17.562 
 
 .12806 12 24.585 
 
 1.1933 37 18.050 
 
 .13945 13 26.634 
 
 1.1991 38 18.538 
 
 1.15083 14 28.682 
 
 1.2049 39 19.026 
 
 1.16222 .. 15 .... 30.731 
 
 1.2108 ... 40 .... 19.512 
 
612 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 
 Percent of 
 
 Percent of anhydr. 
 
 (at 23). 
 
 Mg 0, S 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 Mg 0, S O s . 
 
 1.2168 . 
 
 . . 41 . . . 
 
 . 20.000 
 
 1.2228 
 
 42 
 
 20.488 
 
 1.2288 
 
 43 
 
 20.976 
 
 1.2349 
 
 44 
 
 21.464 
 
 1.2410 
 
 45 
 
 21.952 
 
 1.2472 
 
 46 
 
 22.440 
 
 1.2534 
 
 47 
 
 22.928 
 
 1.2596 
 
 48 
 
 23.4 1 6 
 
 1.2659 
 
 49 
 
 23.904 
 
 1.2722 
 
 50 
 
 24.390 
 
 1.2786 
 
 51 
 
 24.878 
 
 1.2850 
 
 52 
 
 25.366 
 
 1.2915 
 
 53 
 
 25.854 
 
 1.2980 . 
 
 . . 54 ... 
 
 . 26.341 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860,113. 185.) 
 
 A s< 
 p. g 
 
 )lution of 
 r. at 12.5. 
 .0096 
 
 Contains percent of 
 sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 .... 2 
 
 .0192 
 
 4 
 
 
 .0286 
 
 6 
 
 
 .0379 
 
 8 
 
 
 .0470 
 
 10 
 
 
 .0555 
 
 12 
 
 
 .0646 
 
 14 
 
 
 .0711 
 
 16 
 
 
 .0771 
 
 18 
 
 
 .0860 
 
 20 
 
 
 .0976 
 
 22 
 
 
 .1092 
 
 24 
 
 
 .1178 
 
 26 
 
 
 .1324 
 
 28 
 
 
 .1440 
 
 30 
 
 
 .1557 
 
 32 
 
 
 .1675 
 
 34 
 
 
 .1789 
 
 36 
 
 
 .1905 
 
 38 
 
 
 .2122 
 
 40 
 
 
 .2262 
 
 42 
 
 
 .2302 
 
 44 
 
 
 .2432 
 
 46 
 
 
 .2562 
 
 48 
 
 
 .2683 
 
 50 
 
 ( 
 
 .2833 
 .2973 
 
 52 
 . ... 54 
 
 Hassenfrat/,, 
 
 Ann. de Chim., 28. 297.) 
 
 
 
 !p. gr. 
 1.50 . . . 
 
 Percent of 
 Mg 0, S 3 . 
 . . 44 4 
 
 1.42 
 
 39 
 
 1.30 
 
 30 
 
 The solution of 1.50 sp. gr. is the strongest 
 liquid obtainable by boiling ; that of 1.30 sp. gr. is 
 the saturated solution at 15.56. (Dalton, in his 
 New System, Pt. 2. 517.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol ; tolerably soluble in spirit. 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) 
 in alcohol of 
 
 Percent by 
 Sp. gr. weight. 
 
 1.000 . . . . 
 0.986 10 
 
 0.972 20 
 
 0.939 40 
 
 Contains percent of 
 Mg 0, S 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 50.8 
 39.3 
 21.3 
 1.62 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 Sulphate of magnesia may be completely pre- 
 cipitated from its aqueous solution by add'ing a 
 suitable quantity of concentrated acetic acid. 
 (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) 
 Much more readily soluble in chlorhydric acid 
 than in water, and this without decomposition. 
 (Richter ) 
 
 Soluble in saturated aqueous solutions of sul- 
 phate of soda (vid. inf.), and of sulphate of pot- 
 ash (vid. inf.). (Karsten.) When an excess of 
 a mixture of sulphate of magnesia and sulphate 
 of soda is treated with water, 100 pts. of the latter 
 at dissolve 28.392 pts. of the mixed salts, viz. 
 15.306 pts. of Mg 0, S Os, and 13.086 pts. of 
 Na 0, S Oa. When an excess of water is employed, 
 other relations than these must, of course, obtain. 
 (Pfaff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 226.) 
 
 Rapidly soluble in a saturated solution of sul- 
 phate of copper : when this has become saturated 
 with it, crystals of a double salt separate out ; and 
 if one continues to add sulphate of magnesia, 
 nearly all the sulphate of copper may thus be 
 removed from the solution. (Karsten, Berlin 
 Abhandl, 1840, p. 125.) Slowly soluble in a sat- 
 urated solution of sulphate of zinc without occa- 
 sioning any precipitation, until the solution has 
 become saturated with it, when crystals of a 
 double salt separate out. (Karsten/ loc. cit.) 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of so- 
 dium, without any precipitation of the latter. 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 115.) Rapidly soluble in 
 considerable quantity in a saturated solution of 
 chloride of potassium, sulphate of potash separat- 
 ing out meanwhile. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 130.) 
 Somewhat soluble in a saturated solution of chlo- 
 ride of ammonium, with separation of a double 
 sulphate of ammonia and magnesia. (Karsten, 
 loc. cit, p. 123.) Readily soluble in a saturated 
 solution of nitrate of potash without causing any 
 precipitation. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 124.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Mg 0, S Oa, in aqueous 
 solution, is mixed with a solution of an equiva- 
 lent of chloride of potassium (K Cl) y 5 ^ of it 
 are decomposed to sulphate of potash, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while -W^- of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of chloride of sodium (Na Cl), 
 _s_o_. O f it are decomposed as before, while -A 6 ^- 
 of it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 soda, without causing any precipitation of the 
 latter. The sp. gr. of the solution thus obtained 
 is the same as that of a solution prepared at the 
 same temperature, by treating a mixture of the 
 two salts with water. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 
 115.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA & OP MANGANESE. 
 MgO, S0 3 ; Mn 0, S0 3 + 2 Aq Permanent. Soluble 
 in water ; if the solu- 
 tion is allowed to evaporate spontaneously the 
 component salts always crystallize apart, the 
 double salt being entirely decomposed ; but if the 
 solution or any mixed solution of Mg O, S Os 
 and Mn 0, S Oa be evaporated at a tempera- 
 ture above 38 the double salt crystallizes out 
 as such. (Arrott, Phil. Mag., 1844, (3.) 24. 
 502.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA, OF MANGANESE, & 
 MgO, S 3 ; Mn 0, S 3 ; 2 (K 0, S 3 )+ 12 Aq O F PoT- 
 
 ASH. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA, OF MANGANESE, 
 Mg 0, S 3 ; Mn 0, S 3 ; Zn 0, S 3 + (?) Aq & o F 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA, OF NICKEL, & OF 
 
 Mg O, S O 3 ; Ni O, S O s ; 2 (K O, S O 3 ) +12 Aq POTASH. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. 
 
 Mg O, S 3 ; K O, S 3 + 6 Aq Permanent. This 
 
 compound does not 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 613 
 
 separate either from a solution of sulphate of pot- 
 nsli in a saturated aqueous solution of sulphate of 
 magnesia, or from a solution of sulphate of mag- 
 nesia in a saturated solution of sulphate of potash, 
 until these are slowly evaporated. (Karsten, Ber- 
 lin AbkandL, 1840, p*. 121.) 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 at O. 
 
 . . 
 10 
 20 
 30 
 35 
 45 
 55 
 60 
 65 
 75 . 
 
 Dissolve of the an- 
 hydrous salt, pts. 
 
 . 14.1 
 19.6 
 25.0 
 30.4 
 33.2 
 40.5 
 47.0 
 50.2 
 53.0 
 . 59.8 
 
 (Tohler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 
 1 pt. of the 6 Aq salt is soluble in 3.7 pts. of 
 water at 15; or 100 pts. of water at 15 dissolve 
 27 pts. of it ; or an aqueous solution saturated at 
 .15 contains 21.1% of it, or 15.4% of the anhy- 
 drous salt, and is of 1.1467 sp. gr. (H. Sehiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 350.) 
 
 Contains (by experiment) 
 
 An aqueous solution percent of Ma O, S O 3 ; 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 15). K O, S O s + 6 Aq. 
 
 1.0150 2.35 
 
 1.0303 4.69 
 
 1.0464 7.03 
 
 1.0620 9.38 
 
 1.0954 14.06 
 
 1.1467 21.09 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formu- 
 la : D = 1 + 0.006415 p + 0.00002632 p 2 , in 
 which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 the percentage of substance contained in it, by 
 means of which Ott has calculated the following 
 table. 
 
 
 Percent of 
 
 Percent of an- 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 (at 15). 
 
 Mg C), S O 3 ; K 0, 
 S O 3 + 6 Aq. 
 
 hydr. Mg O, 
 S O 3 i K 0, S O 8 . 
 
 1.0064 
 
 1 
 
 0.732 
 
 1.0129 
 
 2 
 
 0.463 
 
 1.0195 
 
 3 
 
 2.195 
 
 1.0261 
 
 4 
 
 2.926 
 
 1.0327 
 
 5 
 
 3.658 
 
 1.0394 
 
 6 
 
 4.390 
 
 1.0462 
 
 7 
 
 5.121 
 
 1.0530 
 
 8 
 
 5.853 
 
 1.0599 
 
 9 
 
 6.584 
 
 1 .0668 
 
 10 
 
 7.316 
 
 1.0737 
 
 11 
 
 8.048 
 
 1.0808 
 
 12 
 
 8.779 
 
 1.0878 
 
 13 
 
 9.511 
 
 1.0950 
 
 14 
 
 10.242 
 
 1.1021 
 
 15 
 
 10.974 
 
 1.1094 
 
 16 
 
 11.706 
 
 1.1167 
 
 17 
 
 12.437 
 
 1.1240 
 
 18 
 
 13.169 
 
 1.1314 
 
 19 
 
 13.900 
 
 1.1388 
 
 20 
 
 14.632 
 
 1.1463 
 
 21 
 
 15.364 
 
 1.1539 
 
 . . . 22 . . 
 
 . . 16.095 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm 
 
 , 1860, 113. 198.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA, OF POTASH, & OF 
 Mg O, S O 3 ; 2 (K O, S O 3 ) ; Zn O, S O 3 -f- 12 Aq ZlNC. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SODA. 
 I.) anhydrous. 
 Mg O, S O 3 ; Na O, S O s 
 
 II.) liydrated. Permanent. The 6 Aq salt is 
 Mg O, S O 3 ; Na O, S O 3 + 4 Aq & 6 Aq soluble in 
 
 about 3 pts. of 
 
 water at 15. 5~. (Murray, Edinburgh Trans., 8. 
 233 [T.].) Soluble in water; if the solution is 
 allowed to evaporate spontaneously the compo- 
 nent salts always crystallize apart, the double salt 
 being entirely decomposed, but if the solution, 
 or any mixed solution of Mg O, S Os, and Na O, 
 S Os, is evaporated at a temperature above 38 
 the salt Mg O, S O 3 ; Na O, S Os + 4 Aq crys- 
 tallizes out. (Arrot, Phil. May., 1844, (3.) 24. 
 502.) ' 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA & OF ZINC. Solu- 
 
 Mg O, S 3 ; Zn O, S O 3 i 4 Aq & 10 Aq & 14 Aq hie in 
 
 water. 
 
 (Karsten.) Permanent. If the aqueous solution 
 is allpwed to evaporate spontaneously, the com- 
 ponent salts always crystallize apart, the double 
 salt being entirely decomposed, but if the solution, 
 or any mixed solution of Mg O, S Oa and 
 Zn 0, S Oa, is evaporated at a temperature 
 above 38 the salt Mg O, S O 3 ; Zn 0, S O 3 + 4 
 Aq crystallizes out. (Arrott, Phil. Mag., 1844, (3.) 
 24. 502.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MAXGAN/M'AMIN. 
 
 (AmmonioSnlphate of Manganese.) 
 N 2 ! H 9 . Mn O, S O 3 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE. 
 a = anhydrous. Absorbs water from the air to 
 Mn O,,S O 3 form the terhydrate (d). 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is 
 soluble in 1.770 pts. of water at 6.25 C. 
 " 1.631 " 10 
 
 " 1.667 " 18.75 
 
 " 1.457 " 37.5 
 
 " 1.494 " 75 
 
 mean = 2.031 
 
 101.25 
 
 I. = 1.941 
 II. =2.121 
 
 Or 
 100 pts. of water at 6.25 dissolve 56.49 pts. of it. 
 
 10 
 
 18.75 
 
 37.5 
 
 75 
 
 lol - 25 
 
 I. = 
 
 II. = 
 
 61.29 
 " 60.00 
 
 " 68.63 
 
 " 66.95 
 
 mean 49.33 
 
 Or the aqueous solution 
 
 saturated at 6.25 contains 36.1% of it. 
 
 T __ 
 
 10 
 18.75 
 37.5 
 75 
 
 38 
 37.5 
 
 40.7 
 40.1 
 
 (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1830,20. pp. 575-581.) 
 
 [See also under e.] 
 
 The anhydrous, ignited salt is soluble in 2.5 pts. 
 of water at 18.75; at first it combines with the 
 water with great avidity, and hardens like burnt 
 gypsum, and is then dissolved with difficulty at 
 the ordinary temperature, unless the mass is pow- 
 dered. At 62.5 it is difficult to dissolve 1 pt. of 
 it in 3 pts. of water. The assertion that the clear 
 solution saturated at 62.5 becomes cloudy on 
 being heated, and clears -up again when allowed 
 to cool, was not corroborated ; on the other hand, 
 it was found that the higher the temperature so 
 much the more of the salt was dissolved. (Fr. 
 Jahn, Ann. der Pharm., 1838, 28. 110.) Vid. inf. 
 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol ; but soluble to a 
 slight extent in weak spirit. A quantity of the 7 Aq 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 (g) salt having been boiled with alcohol of 55%, 
 " 50 grains of the hot decanted fluid were evapo- 
 rated, and left 1 grain of anhydrous salt. Dilute 
 spirit consequently takes up some of the salt, but 
 only an insignificant quantity, hardly 0.2 percent." 
 (Brands, loc. cit., p. 588.) [The manifest dis- 
 agreement between the figures in the preceding 
 paragraph seems at first sight to be explained by 
 the degree mark after the 50 having been placed 
 instead of a large 0, but Schiflf (Ann. Ch. u, 
 Pharm., 1861, 118. 366), having found, by ex- 
 periment, that a saturated solution, in alcohol of 
 50%, contains 2% of the 4 Aq salt, asserts that 
 Brandes really meant to print 50, and not 500, in 
 the paragraph above cited.] For SchifFs results 
 see the 4 Aq salt (e). Insoluble in spirit of 
 0.83 !S> 0.85. 1000 pts. of spirit of 0.872 dissolve 
 6.3 pts. of it; and 1000 pts. of spirit of 0.905 
 dissolve about 11 pts. of it. (Anthon, -from 
 Buchner's Repert., 2. pp. 13, 18; in J.' pr. Ch., 
 14. 125.) Insoluble in absolute ether, or in boil- 
 ing oil of turpentine. (Brandes.) 
 
 6 = Mn O, S O 3 + Aq Separates out when a 
 concentrated aqueous 
 
 solution of e is treated with sulphuric acid. 
 (Kuehn.) Is precipitated when a solution of sul- 
 phate of manganese with excess of acid is rapidly 
 boiled. (Kuehn & Ohlmann, Schweigger's J. flir 
 Phys. u. Ch., 61. 239 [Gm.].) Also on boiling a 
 neutral solution. (Graham.) 
 
 c = Mn O, S O 8 + 2 Aq Separates out on melt- 
 ing the 7 Aq salt in its 
 
 water of crystallization, and on heating it to 81 
 with spirit of 55%. (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 
 20. pp. 583, 586.) 
 
 d = Mn O, S O 3 + 3 Aq Found at the* bottoms of 
 the vessels in which the 
 
 4 Aq salt has crystallized, also mixed with the 
 crystals of the latter. May also be prepared by 
 exposing the anhydrous salt to the air, and by 
 removing 1 Aq from the 4 Aq salt by boiling al- 
 cohol, &c., &c. (Brandes.) 
 
 d = Mn O, S O s + 3 Aq Rather difficultly solu- 
 ble in water [T.]. 
 
 Brandes remarks that he cannot agree with 
 Thomson in considering it as " difficultly solu- 
 ble," and that T.'s statement is improbable, since 
 when this hydrate is treated with a sufficient amount 
 of water it is soon converted into the 4-hydrated 
 salt, which is very readily soluble. (Brandes, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1830, 20. 567.) 
 
 e = Mn O. S O 3 + 4 Aq Permanent. Crys- 
 
 ( Common Sulphate of Manganese.) tallizes out at or- 
 dinary tempera- 
 tures. This hydrate is present in the aqueous 
 solution at temperatures between 20 and 30. 
 (Mitscherlich.) Less soluble in boiling than in 
 cold water. (Brandes.) 100 pts. of water at 4.4 
 dissolve 31 pts. of the salt previously dried at 
 65.5. Insoluble in alcohol. (John, Ann. Phil., 
 2. 103 [T.].)- 
 
 Soluble in 0.833 *pts. of water at 6.25 
 
 0.790 
 0.820 
 0.670 
 0690 
 1.070 
 
 10 
 
 18-75 
 37.50 
 75 
 101.25 
 
 * See below, for method of determining the solubility 
 in this case. As a control, another experiment was made 
 at 6.25, in which known portions of the 4 Aq salt were 
 added, finally a grain at a time, to a determined quantity of 
 water, until no more could be dissolved, even after standing 
 a week The solution thus obtained contained 55 percent 
 of the 4 Aq salt. The author considers the results given 
 in the text as the most reliable. 
 
 Or 
 
 100 pts. of water at 6.25 dissolve 113.22 pts. of it. 
 " 10 " 123 
 
 18.75 " 122 " 
 
 " 37.50 " 149 " 
 
 " 75 " 144 " 
 
 ". 101.25 " 93 " 
 
 Or the aqueous solution 
 
 saturated at 6.25 contains 53.1% of it. 
 
 " 10 " 56 " 
 
 " 18.75 " 55 " 
 
 " 37.50 " 59.9 " 
 
 75 " 59 " 
 
 101.25 " 48.4 " 
 (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 20. pp. 575-581.) 
 
 In the same connection Brandes insists that the 
 statements of previous observers are incorrect, 
 and that the figures given in the text-books of his 
 time, indicating that 1 pt. of this salt requires 2.5 
 pts. of cold water for its solution must be errone- 
 ous. It is, however, very probable that some of 
 B.'s solutions were supersaturated. See below. 
 
 The salt does not melt in its water of crystalli- 
 zation. A solution saturated at 6. 25 being heated, 
 while new portions of the salt were gradually 
 added, remained clear until the temperature had 
 risen to 92.5. When it began to lose its transpar- 
 ence, at 93.75, a crust of salt formed on top, and 
 the whole of the liquid became cloudy, at 97.5 the 
 bottom of the dish was covered with a crust of 
 salt, and at 100 the entire liquid was thick, cloudy, 
 and gelatinous. At 102.1 the constant boiling 
 point was attained. On now allowing this liquid 
 to cool it gradually became clearer and clearer, 
 the crusts of salt disappeared, and when the tem- 
 perature had fallen to 21.25 the salt had entirely 
 redissolved. On heating to boiling a clear solu- 
 tion saturated at 6.25, in such a manner that little 
 or no water could be lost by evaporation, it be- 
 came cloudy, and finally quite white and opaque, 
 but on allowing it to cool it gradually became 
 again perfectly clear ; on trial it was found that 
 1% of the salt crystallized out on boiling fora few 
 minutes, and a larger quantity when the ebullition 
 was longer continued. The salt thus separated 
 still contains 4 equivs. of Aq. (Brandes, loc. cit.) 
 When the solution saturated at 50 is heated, a 
 portion of the salt is deposited, but on cooling 
 to 50 this precipitate redissolves. (Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) A portion of the 4 Aq salt having been 
 left in contact with water during several days, and 
 frequently agitated, contained of the anhydrous 
 salt at, 6.25 C., 31.85 pts.,* i. e. 1 pt. of the salt 
 (calculated as anhydrous) dissolves in 2 14 pts. of 
 water at 6.25; or 100 pts. of water at 6.25 dis- 
 solve 46.74 pts. of it. On cooling to 6.25 a boil- 
 ing saturated aqueous solution of the salt, it was 
 found that the solution then contained 35 07% of 
 the anhydrous salt, i. e. 1 pt. of the anhydrous 
 salt remains dissolved in 1.852 pts. of water at 
 6.25; or 100 pts. of water at 6.25 dissolve 54.00 
 pts. of it. In a repetition of the last experiment 
 36.1% of the anhydrous salt were found in the 
 solution at 6.25 ; and the author " takes this cx- 
 perimerrt as the more accurate, since in it the 
 largest quantity of salt was dissolved." This num- 
 ber 36.1 does not agree with the other figures of 
 the determination, but the error appears to be 
 purely typographical : from it Brandes deduces 
 
 * In another experiment, made for the purpose of con- 
 trolling this, Brandes gives the percentage of anhydrous 
 salt as "33.1," but this does not agree with the other 
 figures of his determination, which indicate 35.71 percent 
 of the anhydrous salt. F. H S 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 615 
 
 the solubility of the 4-hydrated salt (for tempera- 
 ture 6.25) as given above. Compare foot-note on 
 page 614. 
 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol. At 12.5 abso- 
 lute alcohol does not remove any of its water of 
 crystallization, but abstracts one equivalent of it 
 at the temperature of boiling. (Brandes, loc. cit., 
 p. 573.) 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) 
 in alcohol of 
 
 Percent 
 Sp. gr. 
 
 1.000 
 0.986 
 0.917 
 
 0.895 
 
 by weight. 
 
 . . . 
 
 10 
 
 50 
 
 . 60 . 
 
 Contains percent of 
 Mn 0, S 3 + 4 Aq. 
 
 . . 56.25 
 
 51.40 
 
 2.00 
 
 . . O.C6 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 When the salt is dissolved at the ordinary tem- 
 perature in alcohol of from 10 to 50% a curious 
 phenomenon occurs as soon as the solution has 
 become saturated ; two layers of liquid being 
 formed, the lower containing less alcohol and 
 more salt than the upper, which contains but little 
 of the salt. By direct experiment it was found 
 that this separation did not occur when alcohol of 
 less than 15%, or more than 50% was employed, at 
 the ordinary temperature. On heating, a similar 
 separation occured in solutions in alcohol of 13, 14, 
 and 60%, but on solutions in alcohol of 10 @ ]2% 
 warming had no influence. [For the details of 
 experiments on this point, see SchifFs memoir, 
 loc. cit., p. 370.] 
 
 Insoluble in absolute ether, and this does not 
 remove any of its water of crystallization, at least 
 at the ordinary temperature. (Brandes, loc. cit.) 
 Insoluble in boiling oil of turpentine, but this 
 removes one equivalent of its water. (Brandes, 
 loc. cit., p. 574.) 
 
 / = Mn 0, S 3 + 5 Aq Crystallizes from solu- 
 tions evaporated at tem- 
 peratures between 7 and 20". (Regnault, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 76. 200 [G?n.].) Soluble in water. In- 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. (Brandes, Poyg. 
 Ann., 1830, 20. 583.) The 5 Aq salt is soluble 
 in 1 pt. of water at 18.75. (Fr. Jahn, Ann. der 
 Pharm., 1838, 28. 110.) 
 
 g = Mn 0, S O s + 7 Aq Crystallizes from solu- 
 tions evaporated at tem- 
 peratures between 4 and +5. Efflorescent. 
 Melts very quickly in its water of crystallization, 
 becoming soft at 12.5, and softer as the tempera- 
 ture rises, being tolerably fluid at 38, though at 
 no time can a complete solution be thus obtained, 
 the same opaque, sirupy condition existing at 75, 
 and even on boiling. This behavior appears to 
 depend upon the separation of the bihyd rate, which 
 remains disseminated in the melted quinthydrate. 
 When heated with absolute alcohol it becomes soft 
 at 15, but no more so than if it were heated by 
 itself to this temperature, and gives up some of its 
 water, so that at 18.75 it becomes hard again, 
 and at 25 has become completely converted into 
 the 4 Aq salt. On boiling with absolute alcohol 
 still more water is removed, and the 3 Aq salt 
 formed, but none of the salt itself is dissolved by 
 absolute alcohol. On heating another portion of 
 the salt in alcohol of 55% it became soft at 1 1.25, 
 fell to a fine crystalline meal at 12.5, soft at 15, 
 a portion becoming tolerably fluid at 17.5. and 
 more fluid as the temperature was elevated, being 
 tolerably limpid at 37.5, and still more so up to 
 75, when the mass again began to become sirupy 
 and suddenly solidified at 81.25, from separation 
 of the 2 Aq salt. On boiling the salt with spirit 
 
 of 55%, and examining the decanted solution, it 
 was found to contain 0.2% of the anhydrous salt, 
 hence 1 pt. of anhvdrous Mn O, S O 3 is soluble 
 in 499 pts. of boiling alcohol of 0.55%. Insoluble 
 in absolute ether at temperatures between 5 and 
 7, and none of its water is removed by the ether. 
 (Brandes, Pogg. Ann., 1830, 20. pp. 568, 582, 
 584-588.) 
 
 The 7 Aq salt requires hardly 0.5 pt. of water 
 to dissolve it at 18.75. (Fr. Jahn, Ann. der 
 Pharm., 1838, 28. 110.) Sulphate of manga- 
 nese may be completely precipitated from its 
 aqueous solution by adding a suitable quantity of 
 concentrated acetic acid. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Mn O, S 3 , in aque- 
 ous solution, is mixed with a solution of an equiv- 
 alent of chloride of potassium (K Cl) JS-8 of it 
 are decomposed to sulphate of potash, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while J&. of it 
 remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesqnioxide OF MANGANESE. 
 Mn 2 3 , 3S0 3 Exceedingly hygroscopic. Decom- 
 posed by water with evolution of 
 heat, also by dilute acids, by spirit at once, and by 
 absolute alcohol after a time. As good as insolu- 
 ble in concentrated sulphuric acid ; and is not 
 acted upon by it at temperatures lower than that 
 of ebullition, but when boiled with strong sulphu- 
 ric acid it is gradually decomposed. Soluble in 
 concentrated chlorhydric. acid, with evolution of 
 chlorine when the solution is heated. Insoluble 
 in concentrated nitric acid, which has no action 
 upon it at temperatures below 100. (Carius, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 64.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE, OF 
 Mn 0, S 3 ; Ni 0, S O s ; 2 (K 0, S 3 ) + 12 Aq NiCK- 
 
 EL, & 
 OF POTASH. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE & OF 
 
 Mn 0, S O 3 ; K 0, S 8 + 4 Aq POTASH. Permanent. 
 
 Tolerably soluble in 
 
 cold, much more soluble in boiling water. (Pierre, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 16. 254.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF MANGANESE & OF 
 
 (Potash Manganese Alum.) POTASH. Solu- 
 
 Mn 2 3 , 3 S O 3 ;' K 0, S 3 + 24 Aq ble, with decom- 
 position, in wa- 
 ter. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE, OP 
 Mn O, S 3 ; 2 (K 0, S 3 ) ; Zn 0, S 3 + 12 Aq POTASH, 
 
 ff, s^ *. 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE & OF 
 SODA. 
 
 I.) Permanent. More soluble in water than 
 MnO, S0 3 ; NaO, S 3 + 2 Aq the 6-hydrated salt 
 (No. 2). The aque- 
 ous solution is not decomposed at 100, and on 
 evaporating it at 55 the double salt crystallizes 
 out as such, but when the solution is allowed to 
 evaporate spontaneously -the component salts 
 crystallize out separately. (Arrott.) 
 
 II.) Deliquesces in moist, but effloresces in 
 Mn 0, S 3 ; Na 0, S 3 + 6 Aq warm air. Soluble 
 in 1.2 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Geiger.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MELAMIN. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold, much more soluble in warm water. 
 
616 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 N 
 
 SULPHATE OP MELANILIN. Somewhat diffi- 
 C, 2 H 4 (C t N) cultly soluble in cold, 
 
 c, 2 H s . H 0, S 3 muc h more easily solu- 
 
 H * ble in boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Hofmann, ./. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 291.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MENAPHTHALAMIN. Tolerably 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 SULPHATE OF MENISPERMIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MERCUR(JC)- 
 AMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MERCUR(IC)- 
 AMMONIUM with protoxide OF 
 MERCURY. 
 
 0, S 3 ; Hg 
 
 I.) 
 II.) 
 
 N 
 
 jga 
 
 0,80,5 ^ HgO 
 
 All these 
 bodies are 
 decomposed 
 by water. 
 (Millon, 
 Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 
 1 8 . 402.) 
 The . last is 
 only very 
 slightly solu- 
 ble in water ; 
 
 but soluble in chlorhydric, and nitric acids. 
 
 (Kane.) 
 SULPHATE OF ?;MERCUR(OUS)AMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHATE OF d/MERCUR(oMs)AMMONiUM with 
 . dinOxide of MER- 
 NJ H * Hgj .O,S0 3; 2Hg s O CURT. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MERCUR(OUS)ETHYL. Soluble 
 
 (Sulphate of HydrargEthyl.) in alcohol. (D U e n- 
 C 4 H 5 Hg 2 0, SO S haupt.) 
 
 SULPHATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Very 
 HeO S sparingly soluble in cold, decomposed 
 ' by boiling water, with formation of 
 an insoluble basic and a soluble acid salt of the 
 protoxide'. (H. Rose.) Soluble in 500 pts. of 
 cold, and in 300 pts. of boiling water. Easily 
 soluble in hot, less soluble in cold dilute sulphuric 
 acid. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Only soluble to an 
 insignificant extent in free acids. Its best solvents 
 are dilute sulphuric acid and aqaeous solutions of 
 the sulphates of potash and soda. (H. Rose, Ir.) 
 Soluble in dilute nitric acid, from which solution 
 it may be almost entirely precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of dilute sulphuric acid. (Wackenroder, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 319.) Somewhat more 
 soluble in boiling than in cold weak nitric acid. 
 (Stwdeler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 133.) Abun- 
 dantly soluble in hot concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 When treated with aqueous solutions of the 
 alkaline chlorides, and especially if these are hot, 
 a certain amount of bichloride of mercury forms 
 and is dissolved. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 5. 179.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I ) mono. Decomposed by water, even in the 
 He S cold, but more quickly when this is 
 warm, to the trisulphate (3 Hg O, S O 3 ) 
 and free sulphuric acid containing a little pro- 
 toxide of mercury in solution. No acid salt is 
 formed. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 141.) Solu- 
 ble, with decomposition to protochloride of mer- 
 curv in an aqueous solution of chloride of so- 
 dium. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 182.) 
 Completely insoluble in strong alcohol. (Mialhe, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 182.) Soluble in dilute 
 sulphuric acid.' (Geiseler.) Decomposed by all 
 of the hydrogen acids, free sulphuric acid remain- 
 ing in solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) tri. Soluble in 2000 pts. of cold, and in 
 
 ( Turpeth mineral.) 600 pts. of boiling water. (Four- 
 3 Hg 0, S O s croy.) Sparingly soluble in warm 
 
 dilute sulphuric acid. (H. Rose, 
 Poyg. Ann., 83. 141.) Readily decomposed to 
 protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl) and dissolved 
 by aqueous solutions of the alkaline chlorides, 
 especially when the solutions are hot. (Mialhe, 
 Ann. Ch'.et Phys., (3.) 5. 182.) 
 
 III.) "acid." Has no existence. (H. Rose, 
 loc. cit., pp. 140, 141.) 
 
 SULPHATE of dinoxide. $ of protoxide OF MER- 
 
 2 Hg 2 0, S 3 ; 4 Hg 0, S 3 CURY. Insoluble in 
 
 cold water. Not de- 
 composed by boiling water. (Brooke.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MERCURY & OF 
 
 3 (Hg 0, S O s ) ; K 0, S 3 + 2 Aq POTASH. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MERCURY with SULPHIDE OF 
 Hg 0, S 3 ; 2 Hg S MERCURY. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (H. Rose.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYL. 
 
 I.) acid. Vid. Methyl Sulphuric Acid. 
 C 2 H 3 0, H O, 2 S 3 
 
 II.) normal. Slowly decomposed by cold, rap- 
 (Methylic Sulphate. jelly by boiling water. Rap- 
 
 Kuiphuric MMylether. jdl decomposc d by WOOd- 
 Snlphate of Metliylene.) /. IT .r p u'i- . \ 
 
 CjH 3 0, S 3 sp mt - (Dumas & Pehgot.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYLAMIN. Very soluble 
 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Wurtz, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 30.460.) 
 
 " Zft'SuLPHATE OF MfiTHYLENE." Vid. Me- 
 
 thylSulphuric Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYLC&ETHYLAMYL AMMO- 
 NIUM. 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYLETHYLCONIIN. Deli- 
 quescent. Readily soluble in water, (v. Planta 
 & Kekule, Ann Ch. u. Pharm., 89. 139.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYLPHENIDIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYLNITROPHENIDIN. Ea- 
 
 t C 12 H 4 (N 4 ) sily soluble in water, es- 
 
 N j C 2 H 3 . H 0, S 0, penally when this is 
 
 acidulated with sulphu- 
 
 ric acid. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 449.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF METHYLTUNGSTEN. Very de- 
 liquescent and soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol of 40. Sparingly soluble in ether. (Riche, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 75.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Decomposed by water into the 
 Mo 0, S 3 following basic and acid salts. 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 III.) acid. Soluble in water. (Ber/elius.) 
 
 SULPHATE ofbinoxtde OF MOLYBDENUM. Sol- 
 Mo Oj, 2 S 3 uble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquescent. Partially soluble in 
 Mo 3 , 3 S 3 + 2 Aq water. (Anderson, in Berzc- 
 lius's Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) Basic. Sparingly soluble in water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE of binoxide OF MOLYBDENUM & OF 
 POTASH. Readily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 I.) normal. Very readily soluble in water, and 
 
 cold water, the 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 617 
 
 aqueous solution containing 33.33% of it. (M. U. 
 & P.) Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht far 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OP NAPHTTLAMIN. Soluble in 
 (Sulphate of Nap/itaiidam. water. Dasily soluble in 
 
 Sulphate of Naphtalidin.) wa{er acidu l ate( i w j t h 
 N H *> u . H 0, S 0, chlorhydric acid. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold al- 
 cohol of 86%, more soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 (Bechamp, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 42. 189.) 
 Difficultly soluble in cold water or alcohol ; slow- 
 ly but rather abundantly soluble in boiling alco- 
 hol, so that the saturated boiling solution becomes 
 completely solid on cooling. (Zinin.) Less sol- 
 uble in water than sulphate of phthalamin. 
 (Schuetzenberger & Willm.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF NARCEIN. Sparingly soluble 
 in cold, readily soluble in boiling water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NARCOTIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. 100 pts. of the aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated at its boiling point (112.5) contain 
 65 pts. of the dry salt; or 100 pts. of water at 
 112.5 dissolve 185.71 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of the 
 dry salt is soluble in 0.5384 pt. of water at 112.5. 
 (f . Griffiths, Qaar. J. ScL, 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 100 pts. of 
 
 Dissolve of th< 
 
 water at C. 
 
 drous salt, 
 
 2 . . 
 
 .... 30.4 
 
 16 
 
 37.4 
 
 20 
 
 39.7 
 
 23 
 
 41.0 
 
 31 
 
 45.3 
 
 41 
 
 49.1 
 
 50 
 
 52.0 
 
 53 
 
 54.4 
 
 60 
 
 57.2 
 
 70 . 
 
 61.9 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 b = hydrated. Efflorescent. Soluble in 3 pts. 
 Ni 0, S 0, + 7 Aq of water at 12.5. Insoluble in 
 alcohol or ether. Alcohol pre- 
 cipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Tupputi, 
 Ann. de Chim., 1811, 78. pp. 153, 154.) 100 pts. 
 of water at 15.5 dissolve 75.6 pts. of the crystal- 
 lized salt. [T.] Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. [?] (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 663.) 
 
 Sulphate of nickel may he completely precipi- 
 tated from its aqueous solution by adding a suit- 
 able quantity of concentrated acetic acid. (Per- 
 soz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 18.36, (2.) 63.444; also 
 in his Chim. Molec., p. 346.) It crystallizes from 
 its solution in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 II.) basic. Very slightly soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) Incompletely soluble in water, and 
 the portion insoluble in water is only slightly 
 soluble in ammonia-water. (Tupputi, Ann. de 
 Chim., 1811,78. 153.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF NICKEL & OF POTASH. Per- 
 
 Ni 0, S 3 ; K 0, S O s + 6 Aq manent. Sparingly 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 (Proust.) Permanent. Soluble in 8 10 pts. of 
 water at 12.5. (Tupputi, Ann. de Chim.,. 1811, 
 78. 166.) 
 
 78 
 
 100 pts. of Dissolve ptg. of the 
 
 water at C. anhydrous salt. 
 
 ....... 5.3 
 
 10 8.9 
 
 14 10.5 
 
 20 13.8 
 
 30 18.6 
 
 36 20.4 
 
 49 27.7 
 
 55 32.4 
 
 60 35.4 
 
 75 ....... 45.6 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 Considerably less soluble in water than the 
 corresponding cobalt salt. The aqueous solution 
 saturated (slightly supersaturated), at 
 
 20 contains 8.729% of the anhyd. salt. 
 
 40 " 12.270 " 
 
 60 " 17.555 " " 
 
 80 " 22.021 " " 
 
 (C. v. Hauer, J. pr. Ch., 1858, 74. 435.) 
 SULPHATE OF NICKEL, OF POTASH, & OF 
 Ni 0, S 3 ; 2 (K 0, S 3 ) ; Zn 0, S 0, + 12 Aq ZlNC. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NICKEL & OF ZINC. Very 
 Ni 0, S 3 ; Zn 0, S 3 + 6 Aq & + 13 Aq efflorescent. 
 
 Soluble 
 
 [the 6 Aq salt?] in 3 18) 4 pts. of water at 12.5. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. Completely soluble in am- 
 monia-water, the solution subsequently undergoing 
 decomposition. (Tupputi, Ann. de Chim., 1811, 
 78. pp. 168, 150, 174.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF NICKELS-AKIN. Decomposed 
 (AmmonioSulphatc of Nickel.) by water. (H. Rose.) 
 N 3 jH 9 .NiO,S0 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF NICOTIN. Readily soluble in 
 N, \ (C 10 H,'"), - H/0, S 3 water . and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NINAPHTHTLAMIN. Soluble 
 C M H e N 2 2 , H 0, S in water. (C. S. Wood.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF (a)NiTRANiLiN. Soluble in 
 water. (Arppe.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF (^)NiTRANiLiN. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. (Arppe, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 364.) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 N \ c, 2 H 4 (N O t ) H 0> H 0> 2 s 03 
 
 C U 2 
 
 SULPHATE OF NITROUS ACID. 
 (Sulphate of Nitric Oxide (N 2 , 2 S 3 ) of Rose.) 
 
 a = N O s , 2 S 3 (Braening, Deliquescent. Rap- 
 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98- 382.) idly soluble in wa- 
 
 ter, with decom- 
 
 position ; also soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 caustic alkalies and of salts. Abundantly soluble 
 in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. (II. Rose.) 
 Insoluble in cold, and but slowly soluble, with 
 decomposition, in hot concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Prevostaye.) Slowly soluble in cold con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 j __ Ditto with Sulphuric Acid. Deliquescent. 
 " N O 2 , 2S 3 ; 2 H 0, 8 3 " Rapidly solu- 
 
 ble in water, 
 
 with rise of temperature. (W. Henry.) 
 SULPHATE OF NITRAZOPHENYLAMIN. De- 
 composed by water, 
 
 H 0, S 3 J . : 
 
 ter acidulated with 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NiTRoCoDEiN. Very soluble 
 N J f SB H w (N 4 ) 6 ' . H 0, S 0, in Boiling water. 
 
 } H 
 
618 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NiTRoCuMiDiw. Soluble in 
 N j g H > ( N > . H O, 8 0, + 2 Aq water - 
 
 SULPHATE OF NITROHARMALIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water acidulated with 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 II.) bi. Sparingly soluble in cold water. 
 N 2 | C K H 1S (N 4 ) 0," . H O, H O, 2 S 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF NITROHARMIN. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) bi. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NITROMELANILIN. Very read- 
 ily soluble in water. (Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 308.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF NITROMESIDIN. Decomposed 
 by water. Soluble in water acidulated with sul- 
 phuric acid. Soluble in alcohol. (Maule, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 2. 120.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF NITROPAPATERIK. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF NITROTYROSIN. Soluble in 
 2 C lg H ]0 (N 4 ) N 6) 2 H 0, S, water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF OCTYL. Vid. Octyl Sulphuric 
 Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF OCTYLAMIN. Easily soluble in 
 (Sulphate of Caprylamin.) water. (Cahours.) 
 N I {j' H " . H 0, S 3 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF OSMIUM. Easily 
 Os 0, S 3 soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE of the blue oxide OF OSMIUM. In- 
 soluble in water. Before drying, it is soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the caustic and carbonated 
 alkalies. 
 
 SULPHATE ofbinoxide OF OSMIUM. Soluble in 
 Os 2 , 2 S O 3 water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF OXYCANTHIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF u OxYCoBALTiAQUE"(ofFremy). 
 6 N H s . Co s O, 2S Og-p- 3 Aq Permanent. Soluble, 
 without decomposi- 
 tion, in an ammoniacal liquor. Immediately 
 decomposed bv water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 35. 277.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PALLAD&/AMIN. Soluble in 
 
 N a 1 H. . Pd 0, S 3 + Aq Warm > ] ? SS S luble in C Id 
 < ammonia-water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF PALLADAMMONIUM. Easily 
 TJ *i H s r> Q n soluble in boiling, very sparingly 
 r^ pd .u,Hu 3 so , uMe in cold wa(er (Kane, 
 
 Phil. Trans., 1842, p. 292.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PALLADIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Absorbs one equivalent of 
 Pd 0, S 3 water from the air without becoming 
 damp. If the air be very damp it sub- 
 sequently deliquesces completely. (Kane, Phil. 
 Trans., 1842, p. 288.) Decomposed by water, 
 even in the cold, with separation of a basic salt. 
 The water retains sulphuric acid in solution, and 
 this contains traces of oxide of palladium, but no 
 acid salt is formed. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 
 pp. 143, 140.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Deliquesces in damp air. Very 
 PdO,SO s + 2Aq soluble in water. (Kane, Phil. 
 Trans., 1842, p. 287.) Soluble 
 in water. (Fischer, Berzelius.) When a strong 
 aqueous solution is mixed with much water it is 
 decomposed, a basic salt separating. This pre- 
 cipitation may be prevented by acidulating the 
 solution with sulphuric acid. (Kane, loc. cit.. p. 
 288.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 
 8PdO, S O 3 + 6 Aq& +10 Aq in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 (Kane, Phil. Trans., 
 
 1842, pp. 288-291.) Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF PALLADIUM & OF POTASH. 
 
 SULPHATE OF PAPAVERIN. 
 
 SULPHATE o% A'PHENIN. Insoluble in cold 
 water, or in alcohol. Soluble in boiling water 
 acidulated with chlorhydric acid. (Laurent & 
 Gerhardt.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PHENYL. Vid. PhenylSulphu- 
 ric Acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF PHENYLACETOSAMIN. Solu- 
 (Sulphate of AcetylAnilin.) ble in water, and al- 
 cohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. 
 { V t 2 " 
 N j C 12 11 3 .HO, H O, S O 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF PHLORAMIN. Soluble in water. 
 C 12 H 7 N O 4 , H o, s O 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF PHTHALAMIN. Soluble in wa- 
 N Cja H, O 4 , H O, S Oj ter. More soluble in water 
 than sulphate of naphthyla- 
 min. (Schuetzenberger & Willm.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PHTHALIDIN. Much less solu- 
 w ( C 1(l H." u r, a n ble in water than thechlor- 
 
 N \ ft * ^i 8 {Jm ill /T^ 
 
 I H hydrate or nitrate. (L)u- 
 
 sart.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PICOLIN. 
 
 I ) normal. Decomposed to an acid salt by 
 boiling with water. Insoluble in an excess of 
 picolin. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 II.) 6i. Readily deliquescent. Very soluble in 
 N 5 c u H 7 < . H O, H O, S 3 alcohol. Insoluble in 
 
 J ether. (Anderson.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PIPERIDIN. Deliquescent, 
 
 < C 10 H ]0 w r> n Vei 7 s luble in water. 
 N ?H .HO,S0 3 ( CahourS) Ann . Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 38. 84.) 
 
 B/SULPHATE OFPLATIN(?'C)AMMONIUM. Tol- 
 (Sutpltatt of Platinamin.) erably easily soluble in 
 N \ S 3 o 2 SO, warm water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Gerhardt.) 
 SULPHATE OF PLATIN(OS)WAMIN. Soluble 
 
 (Sulphate iiftJiPlatosftmine. in 32 
 
 Ammonia Sulphate of protoxide of Platinum.) p ts> o f 
 
 N 2 1 H 6 . Pt O, S O 3 waterat 
 
 16 .5; 
 
 and more readily in boiling water. (Reiset, Ann., 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 422.) Soluble in 50 60 
 pts. of boiling water, and much less soluble in 
 cold water. Almost insoluble in ordinary alcohol. 
 Soluble in dilute sulphuric acid, separating out as 
 the liquor becomes more concentrated, and de- 
 composing after a certain degree of concentration 
 is reached. (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 12. pp. 202, 207.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PLATIN(OMS)AMMONIUM. Spar- 
 
 ( H 3 ing'y soluble in cold, more 
 
 N I pt 0, H o, S 3 g | u ble in hot water. ( Reiset, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 
 427.) Soluble in ammonia-water with combina- 
 tion. (Ibid., p. 431.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PLATINOPYRIDIN. Readily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF PLATINUM. Deli- 
 PtO, St3 3 qucscent. Soluble in water. (Vau- 
 quelin.) 
 
 SULPHATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM. Deli- 
 
 Pt 0,, 2 S 0, quescent. Soluble in water, alcohol, 
 
 and ether (E. Davy) ; being the only 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 619 
 
 metallic sulphate, except tersulphate of iron, 
 which is readily soluble in alcohol (Gmelin). Also 
 soluble in phosphoric, chlorhydric, and nitric 
 acids. (E. Davy.) 
 
 SULPHATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM & OF 
 POTASH. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in aqua-regia, and in boiling chlorhydric acid, but 
 is not attacked by boiling nitric, sulphuric, phos- 
 phoric, or acetic acids, or by ammonia-water, or 
 caustic potash. (E. Davy.) 
 
 SULPHATE of binoxide OF PLATINUM & OF 
 SODA. Resembles the potash salt. 
 
 SULPHATE OF PLATOSAMMONIUM. Vid. Sul- 
 phate of Platin(of/s)amin. 
 
 SULPHATE OF PLATOSOPYRIDIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF foTLUMBicfri'ETHYL. Soluble 
 
 (Sulphate of % plombEthyl.) in water, and in alco- 
 
 Pb, (C t H fi ) 3 0, S 3 hoi. (Buckton.) Near- 
 
 ly insoluble in water, 
 
 absolute alcohol, or ether. But readily soluble in 
 water or alcohol when these are acidulated with 
 sulphuric or chlorhydric acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Soluble 
 K 0, S 3 in water, with slight reduction of tem- 
 
 perature. 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 8.36 pts. of it. 
 12.72 " 10.57 " 
 49.08 " 16.91 
 " 63.90 " 19.29 " 
 
 " 101.50 " 26.33 " 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 11. 311.) 
 The curve of solubility of sulphate of potash is, 
 y = 0.1741* + 8.36. 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, loc. cit.) 
 Or 100 pts. of water dissolve pts. = 
 
 8.36 + 0.1741 T. 
 
 (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840. 34. 261.) 
 That is to say, 100 pts. of water at dissolve 
 8.36 pts. of it, and for every degree above 
 0.1741 pt. 
 
 Bv direct experiment Kopp found that 100 pts. 
 of water at 15.1 dissolved 10.2 pts. of the salt; 
 according to the above formula 11 pts. should 
 have been dissolved. 
 
 Soluble in 9.96 pts. of water at 12.5 
 9.6 
 6.8 
 5.84 
 4.0 
 4.4 
 4.5 
 4.0 
 
 3.7 " 
 
 Or 100 pts. of water 
 
 at 12.5 dissolve 
 15 " 
 
 31.25 
 
 ' 37.5 " 
 
 50 " 
 
 56.25 " 
 
 68.75 " 
 
 87.5 " 
 
 100 " 
 
 15 
 31.25 
 37.5 
 50 
 56.25 
 68.75 
 87.5 
 100 
 
 10 pts. of it. 
 
 10.38 " 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 
 21.95 " 
 
 25 
 
 26 " 
 
 Or the aqueous solution 
 saturated at C. 
 
 12.5 . . . 
 15 
 
 31.25 
 37.5 
 50 
 56.25 
 68.75 
 87.5 
 100 . . . 
 
 Contains per- 
 cent of it. 
 
 . 9.125 
 9.400 
 
 12.812 
 
 14.600 
 
 20.000 
 
 18.500 
 
 18.000 
 
 20.000 
 . 21.100 
 
 (R. Brandes & Firnhaber, from Stollze's Berl. 
 Jahrb.y Jahrg. 2. Abth., 68 - 74, in Brundts's Ar- 
 c/iiv., 1823, 5. 91.) 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 103. 
 (Kremcrs, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43.) 100 pts. of the 
 aqueous solution saturated at the boiling point 
 (101.7), contain 17.5 pts. of the dry salt; or 100 
 pts. of water at 101.7 dissolve 21.212 pts. of it; 
 or 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 4.714 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 101.7. (Griffiths, Qttar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 
 90.) 100 pts. of water at 102.8 dissolve 29 pts. 
 of it. (Penny, Phil. Mag., (4.) 1O. 406.) The 
 aqueous solution saturated at 18.75 is of 1.0798 
 sp. gr. ; it contains 9.71% of the salt; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 18.75 dissolve 10.74 pts. of it; or, 
 in other words, 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 9.3 
 pts. of water at 18.75. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 101. The aqueous solution saturated at 
 12.5 contains 6.4% of it. (Hasscnfratz, Ann. de 
 Cfiim., 28. 291.) The cold saturated aqueous 
 solution contains 5.2% of it (Fourcroy) ; when 
 saturated at 10 it contains 15.7%. (Kller, cited 
 bv Hasscnfratz.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dis- 
 solve 7.3 % 6.25 pts. of it, and at 100, 20 pts. 
 (Ure's Diet.) 100 pts. of boiling water dissolve 
 24.2 pts. of it. (Wenzel, Verwandtschaft, p. 310 
 [T.].) 
 
 Soluble in 9.081 pts. of water at 15. (Ger- 
 lach's determination, see his table of sp. grs., be- 
 low.) Soluble in 16 pts. of water at 15, and in 
 5 pts. of boiling water. More readily soluble in 
 acidulated than in pure water. (Bergman, Es- 
 says, 1. pp. 177, 34, 378.) Soluble in 18 pts. of 
 cold, and in 4 pts. of boiling water (Fourcroy) ; 
 in 15 pts. of cold and 5 pts. of hot water (Reid) ; 
 in 12 pts. of water at 0, and in 4 pts. at boiling ; 
 in 9.41 pts. of water at 12.2, and in 3.8 pts. at 
 boiling the solution saturated at 12.2 containing 
 9.56% "of it, and that saturated at boiling 20.8%. 
 (M. R. & P.) Soluble in 12 pts. of water at 
 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschriftfur Pharm., 
 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresberichl fiir 1854, p. 76.) 
 According to Redwood, powdered sulphate of pot- 
 ash is more soluble in water than the crystallized 
 salt. The aqueous solution saturated at 15 is of 
 1.077443 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in every 
 100 pts. of water at least 10.055 pts. of the salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478,482.) 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains 
 
 of sp. gr., at 19.5 Percent of Pts. of K 0, S O s 
 
 (sp. gr. of water at K 0, S 3 . dissolved iu 100 
 
 19.5 = 1). pts. of water. 
 
 1.0193 . . . 2.401 . . . 2.46 
 
 1.0385 4.744 4.98 
 
 1.0568 6.968 7.49 
 
 1.0763 9264 10.21 
 
 1.0909 . . . 10.945 . . .12.29 
 
 (Kremer's Pogq. Ann., 95. 120. The second 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesun- 
 gen, p. 34.) 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains percent 
 of sp. gr. at 15 (sp. ofKO, S0 8 . 
 
 gr. of water at 15 = 1). 
 
 1.00820 1 
 
 1.01635 2 
 
 1.02450 3 
 
 1.03277 4 
 
 1.04105 5 
 
 1.04947 6 
 
 1.05790 7 
 
 1.06644 8 
 
 1.07499 9 
 
 1.08305 9.92* 
 
 ( Th.Gerlach.S)). Gew. der Salzlasungen, 1 85 9, p. 2 1 .) 
 
 * Saturated solution. 
 
G20 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 A solution of sp. gr. 
 at 12.5. 
 
 1 0086 
 
 Contains of K 0, 
 S 3 percent. 
 
 . . . . 1 
 
 1.0171 
 1.0257 
 1.0343 
 1.0429 
 1.0515 . 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 . 6 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 296.) 
 An aqueous solution Contains for every 100 Boils 
 of sp. er. at 12.5 pts. of water, pts. of at C. 
 KO, SO, 
 
 1.00795 .... 1 ... 100.38' 
 1.01510 2 100.63' 
 
 1.02310 3 100.75' 
 
 1.03050 4 100.88' 
 
 1 .03905 5 101 
 
 1.04555 6 101.12 
 
 1.05240 7 101.25 
 
 1.05990 8 "101.25 
 
 1.06760 9 101.38 
 
 1.07350 . ... 10 ... 100.5 
 The most concentrated solution boils at 102.88. 
 (R. Brandes & Gruner, Brandes's Archiv., 1827, 
 22. 147.) An aqueous solution saturated at 8 is 
 of 1.072 sp gr. (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 
 24. 211.) An aqueous solution containing 9% of 
 K O, S Os boils at 100.3. (Gerlach, loc. cit., p. 
 105.) 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) Contains 
 
 in alcohol of percent 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent, by of K 0, 
 
 weight S O, 
 
 1.000 . . . . . . . 10.4 
 0.986 10 3.9 
 
 0.972 20 1.46 
 
 0.958 30 0.55 
 
 0.939 . . 40 .... 0.21 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 Sulphate of potash is more soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of other salts, as the sulphates of soda, 
 magnesia, and copper, than in pure water. (Pfaff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 227.) Soluble in satu- 
 rated aqueous solutions of the sulphates of soda, 
 and of magnesia, and of chloride of sodium ; in 
 a saturated solution of sulphate of zinc or of cop- 
 per it is slowly converted into a double salt. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 127.) Sparingly 
 soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 potassium without occasioning any precipitation. 
 The solution thus obtained contains at 18.75 
 25.78% of mixed salt: or 100 pts. of water dis- 
 solve 34.75 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 32.96 pts. of 
 K Cl, and 1.79 pts. of K 0, S 3 . A solution 
 identical with this is obtained when an excess of a 
 mixture of the two salts is treated with water. 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 112. See also Chloride of 
 Potassium ) Soluble in a saturated solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. A solution thus prepared 
 at 18.75 contains 33.88% of mixed salt. 100 pts. 
 of water consequently dissolve 51.2 pts. of mixed 
 salt, viz. 37.97 pts. of N H 4 Cl, and 13.26 pts. of 
 K O, S Os. This solution is not of very different 
 composition from that prepared by treating an 
 excess of a mixture of the two salts with water at 
 the same temperature, this last contains 32.86% 
 of mixed salt; 100 pts. of water dissolving 51.2 pts. 
 of mixed salt, viz. 13.28 pts. of K O, S Os and 
 37.92 pts. of N H 4 Cl. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 120.) 
 Sparingly soluble in a saturated solution of 
 nitrate of potash without causing any precipita- 
 tion of the latter. The solution thus obtained 
 contains 25.1% of mixed salt, or 100 pts. of water 
 at 18.75 dissolve 33.51 pts. of mixed salt, viz. 
 29.48 pts. of K O, N OB, and 4.03 pts. of K 0, 
 
 S O 8 . A solution identical with this is obtained 
 when an excess of a mixture of the two salts is 
 treated with water. (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 112. 
 See also Nitrate of Potash.) Soluble in a satu- 
 rated solution of nitrate of soda, forming a clear 
 solution at first, but this soon becomes cloudy 
 from separation of KO, N OB. (Karsten, loc. cit., 
 p. 124.) Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate 
 of soda, from which solution the sulphate of pot- 
 ash is not displaced by salts which would precipi- 
 tate it from its solution in pure water. (Margue- 
 ritte, C. R., 38. 307.) 
 
 On mixing a very concentrated solution of sul- 
 phate of ammonia with a strong solution of ace- 
 tate of potash a considerable quantity of sulphate 
 of potash falls as a precipitate. (G. Bischof, 
 Schweiyger' s Journ. fiir Ch. u. Phys., 1827, 51. 
 232.) When one equivalent of K O, S Os, in 
 aqueous solution, is mixed with a solution of an 
 equivalent of chloride of zinc (Zn Cl) $?$ of it 
 are decomposed to sulphate of zinc, which may be 
 precipitated by adding alcohol, while j 8 /^ of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of chloride of manganese (Mn 
 Cl), -jVoT f ll are decomposed as before, while 
 _W_5_ of it remain unchanged ; when mixed with 
 a solution of an equivalent of chloride of magne- 
 sium (Mg Cl), T ^ 3 Q of it are decomposed, while 
 y 6 s 7 ^ of it remain unchanged ; when mixed with a 
 solution of an equivalent of acetate of soda (C4 
 H 3 Na 04), Y/Q of it are decomposed, while 
 f ^ remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. 
 h. et Phys., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 . Sulphate of potash is precipitated from concen- 
 trated aqueous solutions on the addition of am- 
 monia-water. (Sullivan, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1859, 
 p. 302.) 
 
 It is insoluble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash, the sp. gr. of. which equals 1.35. (Liebig, 
 Ann. Pharm., 11. 262.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol, the sp. gr. of which equals 
 0.905. (Anthon, J. pr. Ch., 14. 125.) Almost 
 ; completely insoluble in absolute alcohol ; some- 
 ! what more, though still exceedingly sparingly, 
 I soluble in absolute alcohol which has been acidu- 
 1 lated with sulphuric acid. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 
 1761.) 
 
 Glacial acetic acid produces no precipitate when 
 
 added to the aqueous solution. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 443.) Soluble in acetic 
 
 | acid, without decomposition ; in chlorhydric acid, 
 
 ! with formation of K O, 2 S Os and "K Cl ; in 
 
 | warm strong nitric acid to K O, 2 S Os, K 0, 
 
 ! N Oo, and (K O, SO.,; H O, N O B ) [see Nitrate 
 
 ' of Sulphate of Potash] ; in phosphoric acid, with 
 
 formation of (K O, S 3 ; 3 H O, P () B ) [see 
 
 Phosphate of Sulphate of Potash] ; and in the 
 
 strong acids generally. (Berzclius, Lehrb., 3. 
 
 i H8.) 
 
 Soluble in glycerin. (Pelouzc.) 
 
 II.) hi. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Effloresces slightly upon its 
 K 0, 2 S O s surface. Soluble in 6 pts. of water at 
 | 16 (Durnas, TV., 6. 219) ; in 5 pts of 
 
 water at 15.6 [Y.J ; in 2 pts. of cold, and in 0.5 
 pt. of boiling water. (Schubarth's Tech. Ch.) 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 
 2.95 pts. of water at 
 2.08 " " 20 
 
 1.59 " " 40 
 
 0.68 " " 100 
 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 
 Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, and in less than 1 pt. 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 621 
 
 of boiling water. Alcohol precipitates the mono- \ 
 sulphate when added to the aqueous solution ! 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) The saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion boils at 108 (Kremers, loc. cit.) ; at 105.5. 
 (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) It is ' 
 soluble in hot w*ater without decomposition so 
 long as the quantity of water used is less than 
 sufficient to dissolve all of the salt which is 
 present ; but as soon as sufficient hot water to 
 entirely dissolve the salt is added partial decom- 
 position ensues, a portion of the sulphuric acid 
 being abstracted by the water. (H. Rose, Pogg. 
 Ann., 82. 549.) Soluble in about half its weight 
 of boiling water, the solution solidifying on cool- 
 ing. From a solution in a larger quantity of hot 
 water a considerable quantity of the monosulphate 
 crystallizes out on cooling, leaving free acid in 
 the solution, and this in proportion to the amount 
 of water employed, up to a certain limit. (Geiger.) 
 When much water is present, the addition of even 
 a large quantity of sulphuric acid cannot prevent 
 the simple sulphate from crystallizing out. (Gra- 
 ham.) When the water is in large excess its 
 affinity for the sulphuric acid overcomes that of 
 the sulphate of potash for the latter. Cold water 
 extracts from the salt a large quantity of sulphuric 
 acid and but little potash, leaving monosulphate 
 of potash. Boiling alcohol also extracts from the 
 crystals scarcely anything but sulphuric acid. 
 (Geiger, et al. See Gmelin's Handbook, 3. 42.) 
 Bisulphate of potash is liable to form supersatu- 
 rated solutions. (Ogden.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Soluble in water. 
 K 0, H 6, 2 S 8 
 
 III.) mixtures, as Obtained by dis- 
 
 2 (K 0. S O 3 ) ; H 0, S O 3 (of Phil- solving mixtures 
 lips, and of Jacquelain). of K O S O* 
 
 4 (K O, S 0.) ; H 0, S 3 (of Mits- "' \ 5* q ( * 
 cheriich), &c., &o. 
 
 in water, and 
 
 crystallizing. These compounds are decomposed 
 by a small quantity of water, which dissolves out 
 the bisalt in preference to the monosalt, but if 
 sufficient water be added the latter is of course 
 also dissolved. 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF RHODIUM. 
 
 1.) K 0, S 3 ; Kh 2 3 . 3 S 3 Almost insoluble in 
 water. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in sulphuric acid. (Berxelius's Lthrb. ) 
 
 II.) 1 Very slowly soluble in cold, quickly 
 soluble in boiling water. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF SILVER. 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 K 0, S 3 ; Na 0, S 3 
 
 II.) 100 pts. of water at 103 dissolve nearly 
 3(K O, SO,); NaO, S O s 40.8 pts. of ibis salt. 
 (Plate Sulphate of Potash.) ( Penny, Pllil. Mag., (4.) 
 10. 406.) 
 
 III.) 5 (K 0, S 3 ) ; Na O, S O, 
 1000 pts. of water at 100 dissolve 250 pts. of it. 
 
 " 12.7 " 101 
 
 " 4.4 " 92 " 
 
 (Gladstone, J. Ch. Soc., 6. 111.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF STRONTIA. 
 K 0, S 3 ; Sr 0, S 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF THORIA. Per- 
 K 0, S 0, ; Th O, S O 8 + Aq manent. Slowly solu- 
 ble in cold, but easily 
 
 and abundantly soluble in hot water. Completely 
 insoluble in a saturated cold solution of sulphate 
 of potash. Insoluble in alcohol. On boiling the 
 aqueous solution slight decomposition occurs after 
 
 some time, a basic salt, insoluble in water, but 
 easily soluble in acids, being deposited. This 
 decomposition, however, cannot be carried beyond 
 a certain point. (Berzelius, Poyg. Ann., 1829, 
 16. pp. 410, 400, 390.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF TITANIUM. De- 
 composed by water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & of protoxide OF 
 K 0, S 3 ; 2 (Ur 0, S O 8 ) + Aq URANIUM. Very 
 difficultly soluble 
 in water. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & of ^sesquiojcide OF 
 URANIUM. 
 
 I.) Permanent. 100 pts. of water dissolve 11 
 K 0, S 3 ; Ur a 3 , S 3 + 2 Aq pts. of it at 22, and 
 196 pts. at 100; 
 or 1 pt. of the salt is soluble in 9.09 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 22, and in 0.51 pt. at 100. (Ebeltnen, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 211.) Rather spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 5. 43.) 
 
 Ehelmen could not prepare the salts described 
 by Berzelius. 
 
 II.) Completely soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 2 (K 0, S O s ) ; 3 (Ur a 3 , S O,,) + Aq alcohol, which 
 
 abstracts J of 
 
 the Ur 2 Os, S O,, and converts it into No. 1. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 1109.) Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF URANOSOURA- 
 NIC OXIDE. Nearly or quite insoluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & ofbinoxlde OF VANA- 
 K 0, S 8 ; V 2 , 2 S 8 DIUM. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OK POTASH & OF VANADIC ACID. 
 K O, S O 8 ; V 3 , 3 S 3 Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF YTTRIA. Com- 
 IC 0, S0 8 ; Y 0, S O s pletely, though very slowly, 
 soluble in a large proportion 
 of water. 
 
 Less soluble than sulphate of yttria (Gahn), hut 
 more soluble than the sulphate of potash and of 
 cerium. (Gahn & Berzelius.) Soluble in 16 pts. 
 of cold water, and in 10 pts. of water saturated 
 with sulphate of potash, and in still less of the 
 latter if it likewise contains an ammoniacal salt 
 or free acid. (Berlin.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Perma- 
 KO, S0 3 : ZnO, SO 3 + 6Aq nent. Soluble in 5 
 pts. of cold water. 
 (Bucholz, Jr.) 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 at C 
 
 Dissolve pts. 
 anhydrous 
 
 of the 
 salt. 
 
 at ... 
 
 . . . 12.6 
 
 
 10 
 
 18.7 
 
 
 15 
 
 22.5 
 
 
 25 
 
 28.8 
 
 
 36 
 
 39 9 
 
 
 45 
 
 51.2 
 
 
 50 
 
 540 
 
 
 58 
 
 67.6 
 
 
 65 
 
 81.3 
 
 
 70 . 
 
 . 87.9 
 
 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch. u.Phann., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 
 1 pt. of the 6 Aq salt is soluble in 6.76 pts. of 
 
 water at 15, or 100 pts. of water at 15 dissolve 
 
 14.8 pts. of it; or the aqueous solution saturated 
 
 at 15 contains 12.9% of it, or 9.9% of the anhy- 
 
622 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 drous salt, and is of 1.0939 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
 Pierre describes a salt to which he attributes the 
 composition (K O, S O ; Zn O, S O 3 + 7 Aq), 
 soluble in 2.5 pts. of boiling water, and much less 
 soluble in cold water. (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 16. 243.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF POTASH & OF ZIRCONIA. Very 
 sparingly soluble in water. Entirely insoluble in 
 an aqueous solution of sulphate of potash. Sol- 
 uble in solutions of carbonate of ammonia and 
 carbonate of potash. Tolerably soluble in acids. 
 When only slightly washed it dissolves readily in 
 water, but after having been thoroughly washed or 
 boiled with water a basic salt is formed, which is 
 insoluble in water, and insoluble, or very nearly 
 so, in acids, a large quantity of concentrated acid 
 being required to dissolve it. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF PURPUREOCOBALT. 
 I.) acid. Very soluble in water. (Gibbs & 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , 4 S 3 + 5 Aq G e n t h , Smithson. 
 
 Contrib., vol. 9.) 
 SULPHATE OF QUINIDIN. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 350 pts. of water at 10, 
 
 N^p IT n v! iTfn-i-fiAr. an d > n 25 pts. ol 
 2 < O 40 11 21 O 4 VI . 11 0, S (J 3 -f- 6 Aq 
 
 i boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in 32 pts. 
 
 of absolute alcohol at 10. Almost insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 Soluble in 340 pts. of water at 12.7. (Hera- 
 path, Phil. Mag., (4.) 6. 174.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 73 pts. of cold, and in 
 4.2 pts. of boiling water. (Howard.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF QUININE. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Less soluble in wa- 
 Imprupcrly called " basic." ter .than the l)i- 
 
 N 2 ) C< H 24 <V' . II 0, S 3 4- 7 Aq sulphate, and 
 
 less soluble in 
 
 cold water than the normal sulphate of cincho- 
 nine. Soluble in 740 pts. of water at 13 (the 
 saturated cold solution containing 0.136% of it) ; 
 and in about 30 pts. of water at 100 (the boiling 
 saturated solution containing 3.25% of it). (Van 
 Heijningen.) Quickly efflorescent. Soluble in 
 740 pts. of water at 13, and in about 30 pts. at 
 100. Soluble in about 60 pts. of alcohol, of 0.85 
 sp. gr., at the ordinary temperature, but much 
 more soluble in boiling alcohol. (Baup, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., 1824, (2.) 27. 329.) Soluble in 740 pts. 
 of water at 15.5; also soluble in acetic acid. 
 (Hcrapath, Phil. Mag., (4.) 6. 174.) Soluble in 
 719.98 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zitsc.hrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's 
 Jahrcsliencht fur 1854, p. 75.) The saturated 
 cold solution contains 0.136% of it, and the boiling 
 saturated solution 3.25%. 
 
 According to Howard, 1 pt. of sulphate of qui- 
 nine does not dissolve completely in 24 pts. of 
 boiling water, but dissolves when the water is in- 
 creased to 33.5 pts. On being cooled and allowed to 
 stand for 24 hours, 90% of the sulphate crystallizes 
 out, only 10% of it remaining dissolved ; i. e. 1 pt. 
 of crystallized sulphate of quinine is soluble in 
 335 pts. of cold, and in 33.5 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Cited by Bussy & Guibourt, Journ. de Pharm. et 
 Chim., 1852, (3.) 22. pp. 406, 404, note.) On 
 repeating Howard's experiment, it was found that 
 1 pt. of the crystallized sulphate is soluble in 265 
 pts. of water at 1 5, and in 24 pts. of boiling wa- 
 ter. (Bussy & Guibourt, loc. cit., and p. 414.) 
 
 When 2 grms. of sulphate of quinine are treated 
 with 15 grms. of cold alcohol of 90% the salt does 
 not appear to dissolve sensibly ; on heating the 
 alcohol to boiling, the salt dissolves completely, 
 
 crystallizing out again for the most part as the 
 solution cools. (Bussy & Guibourt, loc. cit., p. 
 407.) 
 
 Freely soluble in glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 236.) Easily soluble in water acidulated with 
 sulphuric acid, a solution of 1 pt. of the salt in 
 1 1 pts. of liquid being readily obtained at the 
 ordinary temperature. It is less easily dissolved 
 by an alcoholic solution of sulphuric acid, a very 
 much larger excess of the acid being required in 
 this-case in order to obtain a solution as strong as 
 that mentioned above. (Bouchardat, Ann. Cli. et 
 Phys., (3.) 9. 240.) Soluble in 57 pts. of cold 
 absolute alcohol, and in 63 pts. of cold alcohol of 
 90%. (Bussy & Guibourt, Journ. de Pharm. et 
 Chim., 1852, (3.) 22. 414.) Almost insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 The dissolution of sulphate of quinine in water 
 is remarkably favored in the presence of nitrate of 
 potash, chloride of sodium, and especially of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Calloud, Bull, de The- 
 rap., 58. 307.) 
 
 Tincture of perchloride of iron is one of the 
 best solvents of sulphate of quinine. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 511.) Insoluble in chloroform. (Schlim- 
 pert, Kopp $ [Vtll's J. B. fur 1859, p. 405.) 
 
 II.) acid or hi. Permanent. Much more sol n- 
 (Improperly called "neutral.") ble in wa- 
 
 N J { C 4o H 2i <V' H 0, II 0, 2 S 3 + 14 Aq ter than 
 
 the nor- 
 mal salt. Soluble in 11 pts. of water at 13, and 
 in 8 pts. at 22. It melts in its water of crystal- 
 lization at 100. Easily soluble in alcohol, being 
 much more soluble in warm than in cold alcohol, 
 either weak or strong. (Baup, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1824, (2.) 27. 330.) Soluble in concentrated 
 acetic acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF QuiNOLEiN(or Chinolin). Very 
 deliquescent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. In- 
 soluble, or nearly insoluble, in ether. (Hofmann, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 171.) Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 7. 252.) 
 
 SULPHATE OFRETININ. Slightly deliquescent. 
 Very readily soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF RHODIUM. 'Insolu- 
 ble in water, or acids. Half its acid is extracted 
 by potash-lye. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF RHODIUM. 
 Rh 2 3 , 3 S 3 
 
 a = anhydrous. Deliquescent. Very slowly 
 soluble in water, at first sight appearing to be 
 insoluble. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Easily soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF RosEoConALT. 
 
 I.) normal. Nearly insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 6 N H 3 . Co 2 3 , 3 S 0, + 5 Aq soluble in boiling wa- 
 ter. Neutral s o 1 u- 
 tions are easily decomposed by boiling. Soluble 
 in dilute ammonia-water. (Gibbs & Genth, Smith- 
 son. Contrib., vol. 9. p. 13 of the memoir.) Very 
 sparingly soluble in water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3v) 35. 300.) 
 
 II.) acid. Very soluble in water, without de- 
 5NH 3 .Co 2 3 ,5S0 3 + 5 Aq composition. Decom- 
 posed by boiling with 
 ammonia- water. (Fremy, loc. cit., p. 298.) This 
 'acid salt "has no real existence. (Gibbs & Genth, 
 'oc. cit. , p. 12.) 
 
 SULPHATE ofbinoxide OF RUTHENIUM. Deli- 
 Ru 0,, 2 S quescent. Readily soluble in water. 
 (Claus.) 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 623 
 
 N 
 
 SULPHATE OP SANGUINARIN. Permanent. 
 (Probst.) Soluble in water, and alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. (Schiel, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 20. 220.) 
 Easily soluble in water, and ordinary alcohol ; 
 more difficultly soluble in absolute alcohol. In- 
 soluble in ether. (Probst, Ann. der Pharm., 1839, 
 29. 121.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF SARCIN. Decomposed by wa- 
 ter. 
 
 SULPHATE OF SARCOSIN. Very easily soluble 
 C> H O a in water. Diffi- 
 
 C 4 U s . 2 , H 0, S 3 + Aq cu , t , y goluble ^ 
 
 cold, but soluble 
 in 10 @ 12 pts. of boiling alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 SDLPHATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 200 pts. 
 AgO, S0 3 of cold, and in less than 100 pts. of 
 boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 ("Miittstein's Handw.) Nearly insoluble in cold 
 water. Soluble in 88 pts. of boiling water, the 
 saturated solution containing 1.2% of it. (Schnau- 
 bart.) Soluble in 87.25 pts. of water. (Wenzel 
 [T.].) Soluble in 68.85 pts. of water at 100. 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 100. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 92. 499.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 1.15 pts. of it. (Ure's 
 Diet.) Soluble in 160 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 75.) More 
 soluble in water acidulated with sulphuric acid 
 than in pure water ; still more soluble in nitric 
 acid, and yet more abundantly in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. (Schnaubart. ) Abun- 
 dantly soluble in a hot mixture of concentrated 
 sulphuric acid and monobromobenzin, less soluble 
 in cold ditto. (Couper, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 62. 311.) Soluble in nitric acid, without decom- 
 position. (Klaproth [T.].) Decomposed by 
 aqueous solutions of the soluble hyposulphites, 
 with formation of sulphide of silver. (Herschel, 
 Edln. Phil. Jonrn., 1819, 1. 397.) Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of ammonia. 
 
 SULPHATE OF SINAPIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Extremely soluble in water, (v. 
 Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 II. ) acid. Easily soluble in water, and in boil- 
 
 in ether. (v. 
 
 Babo & Hirschbrunn. ) Almost insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Insoluble, or very sparingly soluble, in cold, 
 soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF SINKALIN. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water, (v. Babo & Hirschbrunn.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF SODA. 
 
 a = anhydrous. The -anhydrous salt separates 
 Na 0, S 3 from solutions which are evaporated at 
 temperatures approaching 100. 
 
 A solution saturated at 33 deposits crystals of 
 the anhydrous salt at 100. (Faraday.) 
 
 It crystallizes from saturated solutions main- 
 tained at a temperature from 33 to 40. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb.) [This statement does not seem to 
 be in accordance with the experiments of Brandes 
 & Firnhaber. See below.] 
 
 1 pt. of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 7.367 
 pts. of water at 15 (Gerlach's determination, 
 see his table of sp. grs., below) ; in 8.52 pts. of 
 water at 13.3 (Poggendorff, cited by Kremers, 
 Pogg. Ann., 85. 247) ; in 10 pts. of cold water. 
 (Schubarth's Tech Ch.) 1 pt. of the pulverized 
 ignitod salt is soluble in 3.3 pts. of water at 62.2. 
 (Wenzel, Verwandtschaft, p. 309 [T.].) 
 
 100 pts. of water at dissolve 5.155 pts. of the 
 anhydrous salt (Pfaff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 
 226) ; and at 13.8, 10.58 pts. [T.].) An aqueous 
 solution saturated at the temperature of boiling, 
 100.6, contains 31.5% of the dry salt ; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 100.6 dissolve 45.985 pts. of it; or 
 1 pt of the dry salt is soluble in 2.1/4 pts. of 
 water at 100.6." In this experiment crystals of 
 the 10 Aq salt were liquefied by heat and tin's so- 
 lution boiled. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci.. 1825, 
 18.90.) 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 105. 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 99. 43.) An aqueous 
 solution containing 5% of Na O, S Oa boils at 
 100.3; one of 10% at 100.8. (Gerlach's Sp. 
 Geiv. der Salzloesungen, p. 104.) 
 
 (See also under c. ) 
 
 b = Na O, S 3 + 1 Aq According to Lcewel, this 
 hydrate contains only 7 
 
 i equivalents of water, and not 8, as was supposed 
 by Faraday & Ziz, and by Lcewel himself, in his 
 earlier memoirs. Efflorescent. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 33. pp. 
 334,335.) It crystallizes out from the fused 10- 
 hydrated salt at a temperature of 12; and from a 
 solution of this salt in half its own weight of water 
 at 7, and al>ove that temperature if the fluid re- 
 mains undisturbed in a covered vessel. (Ziz.) 
 
 (See also under c.) 
 
 c = Na 0, S 3 + 10 Aq Effloresces completely 
 (Glauber's Salt. Common crys- to anhydrous Na O 
 tallized Sulphate of Soda.) g Q^ ( Brandcs & 
 
 Firnhaber, Brandes's 
 Archiv., 1824, 7. 172.) 
 
 Soluble in 2.33 pts. of water at 19; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 19 dissolve 42.8 pts. of it; or the 
 aqueous solution saturated at 19 contains 29.9% 
 of it, or 13.2% of the anhydrous salt, and is of 
 1.1222 sp. gr. (H. Bchiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1859, 109. 326.) 
 
 Dissolve 
 
 100 pts. of of theanhyd. salt, of thecryst. salt, 
 
 wateratC. NaO,S0 3 , pts. NaO, S 3 + lOAq, pts. 
 . . 5.02 .... 12.17 
 
 10.12 26.38 
 
 11.74 .31.33 
 
 16.73 48.28 
 
 28.11 99.48 
 
 37.35 161.53 
 
 43.05 215.77 
 
 47.37 270.22 
 
 50.65 322.12 
 
 50.04 312.11 
 
 48.78 291.44 
 
 47.81 276.91 
 
 46.82 . . . 262.35 
 45.42 
 
 44.35 
 42.96 
 . 42.65 
 
 
 
 11.67 
 
 13.30 
 
 17.91 
 
 2505 
 
 28.76 
 
 30.75 
 
 31.84 
 
 32.73 
 
 33.88 
 
 40.15 
 
 45.04 
 
 50.40 
 
 59.79 
 
 70.61 
 
 84.42 
 103.17 . . 
 
 (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (2.) 11. 312.) 
 
 The solubility of sulphate of soda increases 
 rapidly with the temperature below 30; above 
 40 it slowly decreases ; and the two curves thus 
 formed cannot be united as one. The body which 
 dissolves at temperatures below 30 must conse- 
 quently be different from that which occurs in 
 solution above 40. The maximum point of solu- 
 bility is not a property of one of these curves, 
 but is formed by their meeting each other, and 
 lies at the point of decomposition. From the ob- 
 servations (Gay-Lussae's) under 30 the formula 
 of this curve is : 100 pts. of water dissolve of the 
 salt, pts., = 5.02 + 0.30594 T 0.000410 T- 
 
624 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 -f 0.0009977 T 3 . From the observations (Gay- 
 Lussac's) above 40 the formula of the other 
 curve is: 100 pts. of water dissolve of the salt, 
 pts. = 58.50 0.27783 T + 0.0006900 T 2 + 
 0.0000049802 T 3 . At the point of intersection 
 of the curves the two formulae are equivalent. 
 
 0.00009927 T 3 + 0.001100 T 2 0.58377 T 
 4- 5348 = 0, which equation affords T = 32.93. 
 Thus the decomposition occurs at 33, as has also 
 been shown by direct experiment. At this tem- 
 perature the crystallized sulphate of soda, whether 
 in water, or by itself, passes into the anhydrous 
 state. (H. Kopp, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 
 271.) 
 
 1 pt. of the 10 Aq salt is soluble in 
 
 8.7666 pts. of water at 2.5 
 
 6.1034 
 3.4438 
 1.4123 
 0.6974 
 0.20S3 
 0.3401 
 0.3831 
 0.3875 
 0.4030 
 
 0.4117 
 0.4173 
 0.4603 
 0.4532 
 0.4435 
 0.4137 
 
 Or 100 pts. of water 
 at C. 
 
 2.5 
 
 7.5 
 
 1 2.5 
 
 18.75 
 
 25 
 
 31.25 
 37.50 
 43.75 
 50 
 56.25 
 62.5 
 68.75 
 75 
 
 81.25 
 87.50 
 93.75 
 100 
 
 Or the aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated at C. 
 
 2.5 
 7.5 
 125 
 18.75 
 25 
 31.25 
 37.50 
 43.75 
 
 56.25 
 
 625 
 
 68.75 
 
 75 
 81.25 
 87.5 
 93.75 
 100 
 
 7.5 
 1 2.5 
 18.75 
 25 
 
 31.25 
 37.5 
 43.75 
 50 
 
 56.25 
 62.5 
 68.75 
 75 
 
 81.25 
 87.5 
 93.75 
 100 
 
 Dissolve of Na 0, 
 S0 3 + 10 Aq,pts. 
 
 . . 11.39 
 
 16.38 
 
 29.03 
 
 70.78 
 143.38 
 479.97 
 294.04 
 261.04 
 285.06 
 248.11 
 22222 
 242.88 
 241.68 
 217.20 
 220.65 
 225.46 
 . 241.69 
 
 Contains percent of 
 NaO, S 3 + 10 Aq 
 
 . . 10.239 
 14078 
 22.503 
 41.454 
 58.913 
 82.758 
 
 73.302 
 72.072 
 71.274 
 68.965 
 70.836 
 70.733 
 68475 
 68.813 
 69.275 
 70734 
 
 for example, the capacity of solution of the water 
 is greater than at 75, 81.25, or 62.5. In general, 
 however, the differences of the capacities between 
 37.5 and 100 are very small, and the largest 
 capacity of solution appears to be at 31.25." 
 (13. & F. loc. inf. cit., p. 159.) The determinations 
 for temperatures between 2.5 and 18.75 were 
 made with solutions prepared by agitating a large 
 excess of the 10- Aq salt with water at the given 
 temperatures. Those for temperatures between 
 25 and 100 were made with solutions obtained 
 by adding powdered salt to water, maintained at 
 the given temperatures, until a " very perceptible" 
 portion of the salt remained undissolved [hence, 
 probably, the formation of supersaturated solu- 
 tions, by which these results appear to have been 
 vitiated ?]. In the experiment at 31.25 a portion 
 of the salt separated out in hard lumps. So also 
 when the 10 Aq salt is heated by itself, beginning 
 to melt in its water of crystallization at 31.25, 
 it is completely fluid at 37.5, but at the same 
 time hard masses separate out from this solution ; 
 and these lumps will not redissolve on continuing 
 to heat the solution, even when its temperature is 
 elevated to 100, and maintained thereat for some 
 time ; the addition of a certain amount of water 
 being necessary in order to dissolve the salt which 
 has separated. By direct experiment it was found 
 on melting a portion of the 10 Aq salt, heating to 
 75 the liquid obtained, and adding water, drop 
 by drop, until the portions of salt which had at 
 first separated were redissolved, that the solution 
 thus obtained at 75 was of almost identical com- 
 position with that previously obtained at 75, and 
 recorded in the table above. 
 
 The salt of which these hard lumps are com- 
 posed is a hydrate containing less water than the 
 ordinary (10 Aq) salt, but its content of water 
 is not constant, the proportion being less accord- 
 ing as the temperature at which the salt sepa- 
 rated is higher. In six experiments made at 
 various temperatures in order to test this point, 
 the percentage of water varied from 42.65 in the 
 salt separated at 37.5 to 14.5 in the salt which 
 separated at 100 (the percentage of water in the 
 10 Aq salt being 55 83). Experiments upon the 
 amounts of salt which separated at various tem- 
 peratures, between 37.5 and 100, from the melted 
 10 Aq salt indicated a slight increase in quantity 
 as the temperature rose, though the results were 
 not very regular, owing to unavoidable sources of 
 error. 
 
 The results in the following tables are those of 
 a separate set of experiments upon solutions pre- 
 pared by melting the 10 Aq salt in its water of 
 crystallization, heating the liquid to any deter- 
 mined point, and then quickly decanting off a 
 portion of the fluid, andjdetermining the amount 
 of sulphate of soda contained in it. 
 
 " These results prove that the capacity of solution 
 of the water decreases from 37.5 to 100, and that 
 oscillations occnr in the capacities at the interme- 
 diate degrees of temperature. Thus, at 68.75, 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at C. 
 
 37.5 . 
 50 
 62.5 
 7& 
 87.5 
 100 
 
 Retain in folution (i. e. dissolve) 
 pts. of Na 0, S O s + 10 Aq 
 
 355 
 
 324.9 
 
 305.3 
 
 324.9 
 
 226.32 
 
 212.47 
 
 Or 1 pt. of the salt is 
 
 soluble in 0.2814 pt. of water at 37.5 
 
 0.3493 50 
 
 " 0.3262 62.5 
 
 0.3920 75 
 
 " 04355 875 
 
 0.4706 100 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 625 
 
 Or, the aqueous solution Contains percent of 
 saturated at C. Na 0, S O s + 10 Aq. 
 
 37.5 78.022 
 
 50 74.108 
 
 62.5 75.402 
 
 75 71.839 
 
 87.5 69.662 
 
 100 67.997 
 
 (R. Brandes & Firnhaber, Brandes's Archiv., 
 1824, 7. pp. 154 - 173, and fig. of curve ; compare 
 Ibid., 13. 119.) 
 
 1 pt. of the 1 pt. of the The saturated solution 
 
 anhydrous 10-hydrated containing of the 
 
 saltissolu- salt is solu- At C. Anhydrous 10-hydrat- 
 ble in pts. ble in pts. salt per- edsaltper- 
 
 of water. of water. cent. cent. 
 
 19.92 . . 8.22 . . . 4.78 . 10.84 
 9.88 3.79 11.1 9.19 20.87 
 
 2.08 18 
 
 1 .00 25 
 
 0.37 32 
 
 1.97 0.31 33 33.62 76.31 
 
 0.38 50.4 
 
 2.34 . . . 104.4 20.90 
 
 (Mohr, Redwood, & Procter's Pharmacy, and 
 Gmelin's Handbook.) 
 \ pt. of the 10 Aq salt 
 is soluble in 6.1 pts. of water at 7.5 
 3.44 " 12.5 
 
 " . 2.41 " 18.75 
 
 1.724 " 20 
 
 (Karsten, Vid. Infra.) 
 
 1 pt. of the 10-hydrated salt is soluble in 2.86 
 pts. of water at a moderate heat, and in 0.8 pt. of 
 boiling water. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 178.) 1 pt. 
 of the 10-hydrated salt is soluble in 3 pts. of water 
 at the ordinary temperature, and in less than 0.5 
 pt. of water at 33. ( Wittstein's Handw.) 1 pt. of 
 the 10-hydrated salt is soluble in 4 pts. of cold, and 
 in 1 pt. of boiling water, the saturated cold solu- 
 tion containing 20% of it. (Fourcroy.) The so- 
 lution saturated at 12.5 contains 16.1% of it. 
 ( Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.) Soluble 
 in 3 .pts. of water at 18.75 (A hi, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jah- 
 resberictit fur 1854, p. 76) ; in 2.75 pts. of water at 
 15.6. [Y.] The aqueous solution saturated at 
 15 is of 1.10847 sp. gr., and contains dissolved in 
 every 100 pts. of water at least 12.494 pts. of the 
 anhydrous, or 35.492 pts. of the 10 Aq salt. 
 (Michel & Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 
 478, 482.) The 10-hydrated salt begins to melt 
 in its water of crystallization at 33, and is com- 
 pletely fluid at 37.5, but a portion of the anhy- 
 drous salt immediately separates out. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 100 pts. of 
 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 39.4 pts. of the cryst. salt. 
 " 15.5 " 37 " 
 
 100 " 80 " 
 
 10Q o 125 
 
 (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 48.66 pts. of the 
 crystallized salt. [T.] 
 
 Sulphate of soda is much more soluble in warm 
 than in cold water ; therefore when a boiling sat- 
 urated solution of this salt is allowed to cool in an 
 open vessel in contact with the air it deposits a 
 considerable quantity of crystals containing 10 
 equivalents of water of crystallization. Neverthe- 
 less, in certain circumstances, notably when the 
 solution, saturated at its boiling point, is cooled 
 in a vessel hermetically sealed it deposits no crys- 
 tals at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere ; 
 79 
 
 in this case the water retains in solution a much 
 larger amount of the salt than it could dissolve at 
 that temperature ; in this condition the solution is 
 supersaturated. (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 29. 63.) Supersaturated solutions may also be 
 obtained by cooling hot solutions of the salt in 
 flasks loosely stopped with cotton wool. ( Schrce- 
 der, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 109. 45.) Or by cover- 
 ing the vessel containing the hot saturated solu- 
 tion (say of two pts. of the crystallized salt to one 
 pt. of water) with a glass plate, a watch-glass, 
 card, or the like, or by covering the liquid itself 
 with a layer of oil, and then allowing it to cool. 
 
 " A hot solution, consisting of equal parts of 
 water and the 10 Aq salt, does not crystallize 
 either on slow cooling or when quickly cooled by 
 immersion in cold water, whether it be contained 
 in a barometer tube freed from air by boiling, or 
 in an exhausted, well -closed vessel, or in an open 
 vessel with a layer of oil of turpentine upon its 
 surface (Gay-Lussac) ; or in a vessel containing 
 air, either well stopped or merely furnished with 
 a loose cover (Schweigger) ; or in an open vessel 
 under a bell-jar full of air and closed at the bottom 
 with a water-joint ; or in open bottles placed in a 
 quiet situation ; or in an open glass enclosed in a 
 stoppered vessel, containing air and some potash 
 to dry it, in which Glauber's salt effloresces and 
 when washed down again does not cause instant 
 crystallization but dissolves. (Ziz.) The crys- 
 tallization of a solution cooled in this manner is 
 often brought about instantaneously, often, again, 
 after a short time: (1.) By agitation, viz. when 
 the solution has been cooled in an open vessel. 
 (2.) By access of air caused by opening the vessel, 
 the crystallization taking place the more quickly 
 in proportion to the size of the opening ; some 
 degree of motion appears also to be necessary. In 
 this case the crystallization begins at the top 
 where the solution, the vessel, and the air come in 
 contact with each other : it is only when a particle 
 of dust falls in on opening the vessel that the 
 [ crystallization begins a little under the surface. 
 When the solution has been cooled in vacuo, a 
 bubble of air. hydrogen, carbonic acid, or nitrous 
 gas, is sufficient to set up the crystallization. 
 j (Gay-Lussac.) (3.) By contact with a solid body 
 (a glass rod, flint, iron wire, crystal of Glauber's 
 ! salt, or a grain of dust floating in the air). These 
 ! bodies do not bring about the crystallization when 
 | they have been cooled in contact with the hot so- 
 i lution, nor (excepting Glauber's salt) when they 
 are wetted or warmed before contact with the solu- 
 tion. (Ziz.) In these cases crystallization is 
 effected by the action of foreign bodies. If a so- 
 lution of 8 pts. of Glauber's salt in 9 pts. of water 
 be left to crystallize, the whole then warmed in a 
 flask to between 50 and 55, till only about -fa 
 of the crystals remain undissolved, and the flask 
 corked up and cooled, it often happens that the 
 remaining crystals, instead of causing the rest to 
 crystallize, are themselves completely dissolved, 
 slowly when the flask is inclined in such a manner 
 as to bring them in contact with the upper strata 
 of the liquid, more quickly on agitation, which, 
 however, is very likely to cause crystallization. 
 If, on the other hand, the solution formed between 
 50 and 55 be poured off from the crystals into a 
 basin and allowed to crystallize, the mother liquid 
 thus obtained will not dissolve the -^ of the crys- 
 tals above mentioned. There are, therefore, two 
 solutions to be distinguished, (1.) The saturated 
 solution, i. e. the liquid which remains after crys- 
 tallization of the superabundant quantity of salt, 
 from a hot solution in an open vessel, and, (2.) 
 
626 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 The supersaturated solution, i. e. the solution sat- 
 urated at a. high temperature .and cooled in a close 
 vessel ; this hitter can even dissolve an additional 
 quantity of salt, but deposits at a lower tempera- 
 ture crystals of sulphate of soda, containing 1 
 atom of the salt and 8 [7] atoms of water. (H. 
 Ogden.) A solution of 2 pts. of Glauber's salt 
 and 1 pt. of hot water yields, on cooling in close 
 vessels, hard transparent crystals of sulphate of 
 soda, with 8 [7] atoms of water, which, when the 
 supernatant liquid is made to crystallize by any 
 of the preceding methods immediately become 
 opaque. (Coxe ; Zi/,.) When 51 pts. of Glauber's 
 salt are dissolved in 49 pts. of water, and the solu- 
 tion, after cooling below 10, made to crystallize 
 suddenly by any of the preceding methods, nearly 
 $ of the Glauber's salt is deposited, and the tem- 
 perature rises to 13. This is attributed by Thom- 
 son to the conversion of liquid water into solid 
 water of crystallization, a supposition agreeing 
 pretty well with calculation (the development of 
 heat consequent on the passage of the salt from 
 the liquid to the solid state must, however, be in- 
 cluded in the calculation. Gm.). The assertion 
 of Thenard (Sdiw., 15. 257), that after this crys- 
 tallization there remains a mother liquid, which is 
 no longer saturated with salt at the existing tem- 
 perature, seems to be erroneous. Thomson, on 
 the contrary, finds that the mother liquor, from its 
 rise of temperature, holds in solution a correspond- 
 ing quantity of salt, a great part of which crys- 
 tallizes out when the temperature is brought back 
 to 10." (Gmelin, in his Handbook, 1. pp. 9, 10.) 
 Citing Gay-Lussac's experiments, Loewel (Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 49. 42) remarks, that this ex- 
 perimenter evidently operated upon anhydrous 
 sulphate of soda, which, as Lcewel finds, unites 
 with water to form the 10-hydrated salt so long as 
 the temperature is not elevated above 32, but 
 ' which at a temperature of 33 @ 34 dissolves 
 directly as anhydrous salt. Loswel's own experi- 
 ments, given in the table below, were upon the 
 crystallized 10-hydrated salt which comports itself 
 as such up to 34. This explains the differences 
 between Loewel's table and that of Gay-Lussac. 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 
 Retain in solution pts. 
 
 at C. 
 
 of the anhydrous salt. 
 
 103.17* 
 
 . . . 42.65 
 
 84.42 
 
 42.96 
 
 7061 
 
 44.35 
 
 59.79 
 
 45.42 
 
 50.40 
 
 46.82 
 
 45.04 
 
 47.81 
 
 40.15 
 
 48.78 
 
 36 
 
 49.27 
 
 34' 
 
 49.53 
 
 33 
 
 49.71 
 
 100 pts. of water 
 at C. 
 
 30 
 26 
 25 
 20 
 18 
 
 Retain in solution pts. 
 of the anhydrous salt. 
 
 50.37 
 51.31 
 51.53 
 52.76 
 . 53.25 
 
 * Boiling point of the saturated solution. 
 
 (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 49. 39.) 
 Below 18 a salt of different molecular consti- 
 tution (7 Aq), and of different solubility is 
 formed. 
 
 The saturated aqueous solution of Na O, S O, 
 + 10 Aq contains for every 100 pts. of water 
 
 AtC. 
 
 
 10 
 15 
 18 
 20 
 25 
 26 
 30 
 33 
 34 
 
 Pts. of anhydrous 
 Na 0, S O, 
 
 . . 5.02 . . 
 
 9.00 
 
 13.20 
 
 16.80 
 
 19.40 
 
 28.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 40.00 
 
 50.76 
 
 . 55.00 . . 
 
 Pts. of 
 Na 0, S 3 + 10 Aq 
 
 . 12.16 
 
 23.04 
 
 35.96 
 
 48.41 
 
 58.35 
 
 98.48 
 
 109.81 
 
 184.09 
 
 323.13 
 
 . 412.22 
 
 At temperatures above 34 the 10 Aq salt is 
 decomposed by water, a salt of other molecular 
 constitution (anhydrous Na O, S O s ), and differ- 
 ent degree of solubility being formed. (Lcewel, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) '49. 42.) 
 
 In the solution of Na 0, S O s + 7 Aq 
 
 Saturated 
 at C. 
 
 . 
 10 
 15 
 18 
 20 
 25 
 26 . 
 
 100 pts. of water retain 
 
 in solution 
 pts. ofanhyd. pts. of 
 
 Na 0, S O s Na 0, S 3 + 
 
 7 Aq 
 
 1962 
 30.49 
 37.43 
 41.63 
 44.73 
 5294 
 54.97 
 
 44.84 
 78.90 
 105.79 
 124.59 
 140.01 
 188.46 
 202.61 
 
 At temperatures above 26 the salt with 7 Aq 
 is transformed to the anhydrous salt, for solubility 
 of which see the proper table. (Lcewel, Ann. Ch. 
 etP/iys., (3.) 49. 48.) 
 
 In his second memoir upon the subject. Loewel 
 says that the table of solubility given in his first 
 memoir (Ann. Ch. et Phys.. (3.) 29. 88, 15) is 
 incorrect, inasmuch as he then calculated the hy- 
 drate, which really contains 7 Aq, as if it had 
 8 Aq, and publishes the following corrected table. 
 [The incorrect table above mentioned has not 
 been copied into this work.] 
 
 A saturated solution of the 10 Aq salt 
 
 A saturated solution of the 7 Aq salt, enclosed 
 
 contains 
 
 in tight vessels, contains 
 
 AtC. 
 
 Anhydr. Na O, S 3 
 dissolved by 100 pts. 
 
 Na 0, S 0, + 10 Aq 
 dissolved by 100 pts. 
 
 Anhydr. NaO, S 0, 
 dissolved by 100 pts. 
 
 Na 0, S 0, -4- 7 Aq 
 dissolved by 100 pts. 
 
 Na 0, S 0, + 10 Aq 
 dissolved by 100 pta. 
 
 
 of water. 
 
 of water. 
 
 of water. 
 
 of water. 
 
 of water. 
 
 
 
 . . 5.02 . . 
 
 . . 12.11 
 
 19.62 v 
 
 . . 4484 . . 
 
 . . 59.23 
 
 10 
 
 9.3 
 
 23.91 
 
 30.49 
 
 7890 
 
 112.73 
 
 13 
 
 11.2 
 
 29.6 
 
 34.27 
 
 92.94 
 
 137.48 
 
 16 
 
 143 
 
 3961 
 
 38.73 
 
 111.38 
 
 1726 
 
 17 
 
 15.6 
 
 44.10 
 
 39.99 
 
 117.01 
 
 184.01 
 
 18 
 
 16.8 
 
 48.41 
 
 41 63 
 
 124.59 
 
 200.00 
 
 19 
 
 18.1 
 
 53.41 
 
 43.35 
 
 132.97 
 
 218.34 
 
 20 
 
 19.5 
 
 58.74 
 
 44.73 . . 
 
 . . 140.01 . . 
 
 234.4 
 
 103.17 
 
 ' . 42.65 . . 
 
 . . 210.67 
 
 (Loewel 
 
 , Ann. Ch. et Phys. 
 
 , (3.) 33. 337.) 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 627 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains 
 tion of sp. gr. Pts. of Na 0, S O 3 
 at 19.5 (sp. gr. Percent of dissolved in 100 
 of water at 19.6 NaO, S O,. pts. of water 
 
 1.0262 . . 2.894 . . 2.98 
 
 the solution, and p the percentage of substance in 
 the solution. 
 
 Sp. per. Percent of Of anhydr. 
 (at 19 J ). Na 0, S 3 + 10 Aq. Na 0, S 0,. 
 
 1.0040 . . 1 .... 0.441 
 
 1.0509 5.589 5.92 
 1.0733 7.995 8.69 
 1.0977 10.538 11.78 
 1.1162 . . 12.473 . . 14.25 
 (Kremers, Pogg. Ann., 95. 120. The second 
 column is from Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzloesun- 
 gen, p. 34.) 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of anhyd. 
 (at 15). Na 0, S O s . 
 
 .00911 1 
 
 1.0079 2 0.882 
 1.0118 3 1.323 
 1.0158 4 1.764 
 1.0198 5 2205 
 1.0238 6 2.646 
 1.0278 7 3.087 
 1.0318 8 3.528 
 1.0358 9 3.969 
 1.0398 10 4.410 
 1.0439 11 4.851 
 
 .01822 2 
 .02736 . 3 
 .03650 4 
 .04575 5 
 .05500 6 
 .06437 7 
 .07375 8 
 1.08325 9 
 1.09275 10 
 1.10246 11 
 1.11170 11.952* 
 
 1.0479 12 5.292 
 1.0520 13 5.733 
 1.0560 14 6.174 
 1.0601 15 6.615 
 1.0642 16 7.056 
 1.0683 17 7.497 
 .0725 18 7.938 
 .0766 19 8.379 
 .0807 20 8.820 
 .0849 21 9.261 
 .0890 22 9.702 
 
 * Saturated solution. 
 (Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzloesungen, p. 20 : 
 On p. 122 of his work Gerlach gives a table of 
 the sp. grs., and corresponding percentages of sul- 
 phate of soda solutions for each degree of temper- 
 ature between and 20; and on p. 124 a table 
 of the sp. gr. of a 10% solution at each degree of 
 
 .0931 23 10.143 
 .0973 24 10584 
 .1015 25 11.025 
 .1057 26 11.466 
 .1100 27 11.907 
 .1142 28 12.348 
 1.1184 29 12.789 
 1 1226 ... 30 .... 13 230 
 
 temperature from to 100.) 
 
 Percent of 
 Sp. gr. Na 0, S 3 + 10 Aq. 
 
 1.005 1.262 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 70.) 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of sul- 
 (at 12.5). pbate of soda. 
 
 
 0039 1 
 
 1.015 3.780 
 1.020 5.035 
 1.025 6288 
 1.030 7.538 
 1.035 8.786 
 1.040 10.030 
 1.045 11.272 
 1.050 12.510 
 1.055 13.744 
 1.060 14.975 
 1.065 16.203 
 1.070 17.426 
 1075 18.645 
 1.080 19.860 
 
 .0078 2 
 .0116 3 
 .0154 4 
 .0192 5 
 .0230 6 
 .0268 7 
 .0306 8 
 .0344 9 
 .0381 10 
 .0418 11 
 .0455 12 
 .0492 13 
 .0528 14 
 1.0564 15 
 1 0598 16 
 
 1.085 21.071 
 1.090 22.277 
 1.095 23.478 
 1.100 .... 24.674 
 To obtain the corresponding amount of anhy- 
 drous salt, multiply any number in this table by 
 
 ( Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 296.) 
 
 An aqueous golu- Contains for every 100 
 tion of sp. gr. pts. of water, pts. of Polls 
 (at 12.5). Na 0, S 3 + 10 Aq. at C. 
 
 1 005 ... 1 ... 100.5 
 
 Ai-V < W - Schmidt, Pogg. Ann., 1857, 102. 
 132 ; in Kopp fr Will's J. B.) 
 
 Contains (by experi- 
 An aqueous solution ' ment) percent of 
 of sp. gr. (at 19) Na 0, S 3 + 10 Aq 
 
 1.1222 30.01 
 
 1.008 2 10062 
 1.014 3 . 10062 
 1.020 4 100.75 
 1.021 5 100.75 
 .028 6 100.87 
 030 7 100 87 
 
 1.0806 20.01 
 1.0533 13.34 
 1.0398 10.00 
 1.0263 6.66 
 1.0131 .... 3.33 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm,, 1858, 108. 335.) 
 From these results Schiff calculates the following 
 table by means of the formula : D = 1 + 00393 
 
 .032 8 101 
 .036 9 101 
 .040 10 101 
 .043 11 101.12 
 .050 12 101.12 
 .055 13 101.25 
 .060 14 101 25 
 .062 15 101.25 
 064 .... 16 ... 101 25 
 
 
 
628 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 An aqueous solu- 
 tion of sp. gr. 
 
 Contains for every 100 
 pts. of water, pts. of 
 
 Boils 
 
 (at 12.5). 
 
 Na 0, S 3 + 10 Aq. 
 
 at 0. ] 
 
 1.067 
 
 17 
 
 101.25 
 
 1.070 
 
 18 
 
 101.37 
 
 1.072 
 
 19 
 
 101.37 
 
 1.074 
 
 20 
 
 101.37 
 
 1.076 
 
 21 
 
 101.37 
 
 1.078 
 
 22 
 
 101.5 
 
 1.080 
 
 23 
 
 101.5 
 
 1.082 
 
 24 
 
 101.5 
 
 1.084 
 
 25 
 
 101.5 
 
 1.090 
 
 26 
 
 101.5 
 
 1.092 
 
 27 
 
 101.63 
 
 1.095 
 
 28 
 
 101.63 
 
 1.098 
 
 29 
 
 101.63 
 
 1.100 . 
 
 . 30 . 
 
 101.75 
 
 The most concentrated solution boils at 105.12. 
 
 (R. Brandes & Gruner, Brandes's Arcliiv., 1827, 
 22. 148.) 
 
 An aqueous solution saturated at 20 is of 
 1.1259 sp. gr., it contains 36.71% of the 10-hy- 
 drated salt, i. e. 100 pts. of water at 20 dissolve 
 58.02 pts. of the 10-hydrated, or 29 pts. of the 
 anhydrous salt at 20. (Karsten, Berlin Abhandl., 
 1840, p. 101.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol of from 0.817 to 0.90 sp. 
 gr. (Kirwan, On Mineral Waters, p. 274 [T.].) 
 1000 pts. of spirit of 8 872 sp. gr. dissolve 0.7 pt. 
 of Na 0, S Os at 12.5 IW 15; and 1000 pts. of 
 spirit, of 0.905 sp. gr., dissolve V 3.8 pts. of it at 
 this temperature. Insoluble in alcohol of from 
 0.83 to 0.85 sp. gr. (Anthon, from Buchner's Re- 
 pert., 2. pp. 13, 18 ; in J. pr. Ch., 14. 125.) Very 
 sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol at ordinary 
 temperatures ; somewhat more, though still ex- 
 ceedingly sparingly, soluble in absolute alcohol 
 acidulated with sulphuric acid. (Fresenius, Quant., 
 pp. 121, 751.) The 10 Aq salt is unacted upon 
 by alcohol at the ordinary temperature, its water 
 of crystallization remaining unchanged. The 10 
 Aq is also precipitated by alcohol from a solution 
 of sulphate of soda saturated at 37.5. On the 
 other hand, when the 10 Aq salt is mixed with 
 two pts. of alcohol, and then heated to 37.5, the 
 salt which separates out contains only 32 5% of 
 water, while on heating to 37.5, without the ad- 
 dition of alcohol, the separated salt contains 
 42.65% of water ; in like manner, on heating a 
 mixture of the 10 Aq salt and alcohol to 62.5 I8> 
 68.75, the salt which separates out contains 22% 
 of water, which is as little as is contained in the 
 salt separating when the 10 Aq salt is heated by 
 itself to 87.5. (Brandes & Firnhaber, Brandes's 
 Archiv., 1824, 7. 170.) When a certain amount 
 of alcohol is added to an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of soda, a concentrated aqueous solution of 
 the latter is thrown down ; but when a larger 
 quantity of alcohol is employed crystals separate. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 33. 35.) 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) 
 
 in alcohol of Contains percent of 
 
 gp. gr. percent by weight. Na 0, S 8 4- 10 Aq 
 
 1.000 ... 25.6 
 
 0896 10 14.35 
 
 0.972 20 5.6 
 
 0.939 ... 40 1.3 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 Alcohol precipitates it from the cold saturated 
 aqueous solution. 
 
 Soluble in glycerin. (Pelonze.) Soluble, with 
 decomposition in chlorhydric acid. Sulphate of 
 soda crystallizes unchanged from its solution in 
 acetic acid. (Persoz, Cliim. Mole'c., p. 348.) 
 
 Difficultly soluble in strong acetic acid, (lire's 
 Diet. Arts.) Glacial acetic acid produces no pre- 
 cipitate when added to an aqueous solution of 
 sulphate of soda. (Persoz, Ann. Ch. et Pliys., 
 1836, (2.) 63. 443.) 
 
 More soluble in aqueous solutions of various 
 salts, as the sulphates of potash, copper, and 
 magnesia, than in pure water. (Pfaff, Aim. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 99. 226. Compare Pagenstecher, J. pr. 
 Ch., 42. 137.) Soluble in saturated solutions of 
 the sulphates of magnesia, potash, and copper, 
 but if more sulphate of soda (effloresced) than 
 can be dissolved is added to the last-named solu- 
 tion, a large quantity of the double salt Na O, 
 S Os; Cu O, S O 3 is suddenly deposited. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandl., 1840, p. 121.) Slowly but 
 somewhat abundantly soluble in a saturated solu- 
 tion of sulphate of zinc. After several days, crys- 
 tals of a double salt separate from this solution. 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 124.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 
 'ammonium, also rapidly and in considerable 
 
 quantity in a saturated solution of chloride of 
 
 potassium, with separation of sulphate of potash. 
 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., pp. 121, 131.) 
 
 Crystallized (10-hydrated) sulphate of soda is 
 ! soluble in a saturated solution of chloride of so- 
 dium without causing any precipitation of the 
 latter. If the effloresced sulphate be used, how- 
 ever, it occasions, while dissolving, a precipitation 
 of Na Cl at first, and subsequently of Na O, 
 g 3 + 10 Aq. A solution of the same sp. gr. 
 as the above is obtained when an excess of a mix- 
 ture of Na 0, S Oa and Na Cl is treated with 
 water at the same temperature. (Karsten, loc. cit., 
 p. 114.) Soluble in a boiling saturated solution 
 of chloride of sodium, while the latter is precipi- 
 tated. From cold solutions, however, the sulphate 
 of soda separates before the chloride of sodium. 
 (Vauquelin, Ann. de Chim., 13. 98.) Less solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of chloride of sodium 
 than in pure water. (T. S Hunt, Am. J. Sci., 
 (2.) 25. 368.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 potash, without occasioning any precipitation 
 until after the lapse of several hours, when some 
 sulphate of potash separates. (Karsten, loc. cit. t 
 p. 129.) 
 
 Crystallized (10-hydrated) sulphate of soda is 
 soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of soda, 
 without causing any precipitation of the latter. 
 If, however, effloresced sulphate of soda be em- 
 ployed, a portion of nitrate of soda is precipitated 
 at first, but subsequently this is redissolved, and 
 Na O, S Os + 7 Aq is deposited. (Karsten, loc. 
 cit., p. 115.) 
 
 Soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of ni- 
 trate of ammonia, from which solution it is not 
 displaced by salts which would precipitate it from 
 a solution in pure water. (Margueritte, C. R., 
 38. 307.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Na O, S Os, in aqueous 
 solution, is mixed with a solution of an equivalent 
 of acetate of potash (C H 3 K O 4 ) -A^- of it are 
 decomposed to sulphate of potash, which may be 
 precipitated by adding alcohol, while J^ of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of chloride of zinc (Zn Cl) ^^ 
 of it are decomposed as before, while y 7 -^ of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of chloride of magnesium (Mg Cl) 
 yi^j. of it are decomposed while -fifafa of it re- 
 main unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 629 
 
 II.) Sesgw SULPHATE OF SODA. Not efflores- 
 2NaO, 3 S 3 cent. 100 pts. of water at 17.2 
 dissolve about 25 pts. of it. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (T. Thomson, in his System of 
 Chem., London, 1831, 2. 446.) 
 
 III.) ^'SULPHATE OF SODA. 
 
 a = Na 0, H 0, 2 S 3 & + 2 Aq Deliquescent. 
 
 Soluble in 2 
 
 pts. of water at (Link) ; and in 1 pt. of boiling 
 water. (Scliubarth, Tech. Chem.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.5 dissolve 92.72 pts. of it. [T.] 
 Soluble in 2 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitsch rift fiir Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 Statt's Jahresbericht fiir 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Decomposed by water, and alcohol. On dis- 
 solving the salt in 4 pts. of water, and leaving the 
 solution to itself, the normal salt (I.) crystal- 
 lized out. The bisalt melts more difficultly and 
 becomes less fluid than the normal (10 Aq) 
 salt when heated. (It. Brandes & Firnhabcr, 
 Brandes's Archiv., 1824, 7. pp. 173 - 180.) When 
 the aqueous solution is allowed to evaporate spon- 
 taneously it often happens that it is decomposed, 
 the monosulphate crystallizing out. (Arrott, Phil, 
 Mag., 1844, (3.) 24. 503.) 
 
 More readily decomposed by water than the 
 corresponding potash salt; being even decom- 
 posed by the moisture of the air, which it grad- 
 ually absorbs ; this is not the case with the potash 
 salt. (Heumann; Wittstein; H. Rose, Poyg. Ann., 
 82. 554.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF SODA & of sesguioxide OF URA- 
 NIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF SODA & OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) Deliquesces in moist air. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in water. (Graham.) 
 
 II.) Permanent. Soluble in water. The 
 
 NaO, S 3 ; Zn 0, S 3 + 4 Aq aqueous solution is 
 
 not decomposed at 
 
 100; when evaporated at 55 the double salt 
 crystallizes out as such, but when it is allowed to 
 evaporate spontaneously the component salts 
 crystallize out separately. (Arrott.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF SODA & OF ZIRCONIA. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF SOLANIN. Readily soluble in 
 water. The solution is decomposed by ebullition, 
 an acid salt separating out. 
 
 SULPHATE OF SPARTEIN. Exceedingly solu- 
 ble in water. (Stenhouse.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF STANNAMYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 10 H u Sn 0, S 3 ter or ether. Sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF fo'STANNAMYL. Soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF \ STANNAMYL. Readily sol- 
 (C 10 H u ) 2 Sn 2 . 0, S Oa uble in alcohol, from which 
 it is precipitated on the ad- 
 dition of water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF f STANNAMYL. Easily soluble 
 (C 10 H u ) 3 , Sn a . 0, S 3 in alcohol, and ether ; wa- 
 ter precipitates it from these 
 solutions. 
 
 SULPHATE OF \ STANNAMYL. 
 
 SULPHATE OF STANN(OWS)ETHYL. Soluble in 
 C t H Sn O, S 3 water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHATE OF eftSTANNiri'ETHYL. Permanent. 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 8 Sn 2 0, S 3 Very sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter. Readily soluble in alco- 
 hol. Much more soluble in cold than in hot wa- 
 ter, a clear, cold saturated solution becoming 
 
 semisolid when heated nearly to the boiling point. 
 (Buckton.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF tefraSTANNpen<ETHYL. Nearly 
 (C 4 H 5 ) 5 Sn 4 O, S 3 insoluble in water; and less 
 soluble in alcohol than distann- 
 triethyl. 
 
 SULPHATE OF STANN METHYL. 
 C 2 H 3 SnO,S0 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF STIB</AMYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter, or dilute alcohol. Easily soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. Very difficultly soluble in ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF STIBAMYL. Soluble in alco- 
 
 <?h I rr H ^ n > * n no1 - ^ resembles the 
 Sb(C 10 H u ) 3 2 , 2, 5 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF STIB/T-IETHYL. 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Easily soluble 
 Sb j (C 4 H 6 ) 3 . 2 , H 0, S 3 in water. ( Merck.) 
 
 II.) acid. Exceedingly easily soluble in wa- 
 
 <*h \ /r w i n 9 * n ten T olerably easily sol- 
 Sb j (C 4 H 5 ) 3 2) 2 S 3 uble . n a]( , ohol Nearly 
 
 insoluble in ether. (Lce- 
 wig & Schweizer.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Exceedingly 
 <JK 5 ,0 CT \ n Q n deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 
 BD (L/ 4 
 
 SULPHATE OF 
 Sb j (C 2 H 3 ) s . 2 , H O, S 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF STIBMETHYL^ZETHYLIUM. 
 . ^ (C 2 H 3 ) o S O Extremely deliquescent. 
 
 h^IW Soluble in water. (Fried- 
 
 Isender.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. 
 
 I.) normal,. Permanent. Very soluble in wa- 
 sh 5 /r w i n s o j. ^ An ter, and alcohol. In- 
 
 SD ) (1^2 U a )i U, 8 U 3 + O Aq > . 
 
 soluble in ether. 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water ; more diffi- 
 
 *hWpw>nHn9sn cult1 ^ soluble in alco- 
 Sb j (C 2 H 3 ) 4 0, H 0, 2 S 3 ^ Ql Almogt insolub i e 
 
 in ether. 
 
 SULPHATE OF STRONTJA. Permanent. Sol- 
 Sr 0, S 3 uble in 5345 pts. of water at 15 (Kre- 
 mers, Pogg. Ann., 85. 247) ; in 3600 
 pts. of water at 15.5 b '[Gm.] ; in 3600 pts. of boil- 
 ing water, and remains dissolved as the solution 
 cools. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Soluble in 15029* 
 pts. of water at 1 1.25, and in 3544* pts. of boiling 
 water. (R. Brandes & Silber, Brandes's Archiv., 
 1830, 33. 61.) Soluble in 3840 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Moretti, cited by Brandes & Silber, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 Soluble in 6895 pts. of water at 14, and in 
 9638 pts. at 100. Less soluble in water contain- 
 ing some sulphuric and chlorhydric acids ; requir- 
 ing 11016 @ 11780 pts. of the liquid to dissolve 
 it. In a solution containing a considerable excess 
 of sulphuric acid 12791 pts. were required to dis- 
 solve 1 pt. of sulphate of strontia. As a mean, 
 the number 11862 may represent the amount of 
 liquid containing mixed chlorhydric and sulphuric 
 acids [such as would occur in ordinary processes 
 of analysis], which is required to dissolve 1 pt. of 
 the salt. (Fresenius. Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1846, 
 59. 121.) It is, however, much more soluble in 
 liquors somewhat more strongly acidulated than 
 those just alluded to. Thus, when recently pre- 
 cipitated Sr O, S Os is digested during 2 days in 
 cold dilute nitric acid (of 4.8%) 1 pt. of it dissolves 
 
 [* These numbers, given in the original article, do not 
 agree with the statement of the details of the experiments, 
 which indicate a solubility of one pt. Sr 0, S 3 in 2569<; 
 pts. of water at 11 25, and in 3623 pts. of water at boiling.] 
 
630 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 in from 429 (S> 435 pts. of the acid (mean = 1 : 432). 
 When digested during 2 days in cold dilute chlor- 
 hydric acid (of 8.5%), 1 pt. of it dissolves in from 
 472 i 474 pts. of the acid. When digested during 
 2 days in cold dilute acetic acid (of 15.6% hy- 
 drated acid), 1 pt. of it dissolved in 7843 pts. of 
 the acid. (Fresenius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 
 106. 220, also Quant., p. 754.) When left in con- 
 tact with chlorhydric acid during several hours at 
 the ordinary temperature of the air a portion of it 
 dissolves, "in the solution thus obtained dilute 
 sulphuric acid, as well as chloride of strontium, 
 produces a precipitate ; that produced by the former 
 being somewhat more distinct than the latter. If 
 the sulphate of strontia be boiled with the chlor- 
 hydric acid the solution will be more rapid. (H. 
 Kose, Fogg. Ann., 25. 109.) 
 
 Sensibly more soluble in water than carbonate 
 of strontia. (Dulong, Ann. de Ch/m., 82. 290.) 
 Almost absolutely insoluble either in absolute al- 
 cohol or in dilute spirit. (Fresenius, Quant.) 
 
 Slowly but completely soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of chloride of sodium, from which it is 
 reprecipitated when dilute sulphuric acid is added. 
 (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 316.) 
 Less freely soluble in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phate of soda than in pure water, and still less 
 soluble in water acidulated with sulphuric acid. 
 (Andrews, Phil. Mag., (4.) 7. 406.) Completely 
 insoluble in a concentrated aqueous solution of 
 sulphate of ammonia (1 pt. salt to 4 pts. of wa- 
 ter), or any other alkaline sulphate. .(H. Rose.) 
 It is not precipitated from solutions containing 
 neutral citrates. (Spiller, J. Ch. Soc., 10. HO) 
 Like sulphate of baryta, its precipitation is much 
 hindered by the presence of metaphosphate of 
 soda. (Rube, J. pr. Ch., 1858, 75. 116.) In- 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammo- 
 nium, or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. 96.) 
 
 Sulphate of strontia is completely decomposed, 
 even at the ordinary temperature, and more rap- 
 idly on boiling, by aqueous solutions of mono or 
 bicarbonate of potash, soda, or ammonia, even 
 when considerable quantities of the alkaline sul- 
 phates are present. (H. Rose.) When an equiv- 
 alent of Sr O, S Os is boiled with one of 2 Na 0, 
 H O, P 65, in aqueous solution, ^^ of it may 
 be decomposed. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 51. 335.) Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, especially when this is hot, but is precipi- 
 tated from this solution on the addition of water. 
 (Hope.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 42 pts. of cold, and in 
 
 N, SO,, <>.... HO, SO, .MA, ^r^pS 
 
 of eold, and in 1 
 
 pt. of boiling alcohol. (Wittstein's Handw.) Sol- 
 uble in less than 10 pts. of cold, and more soluble 
 in warm water. ( Gerhard t's Traite.) 
 
 " Sulphate of strychnine " is soluble in about 
 50 pts. of water at 22 (Bouchardat, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phi/s., (3.) 9. 229); in 48 pts. of wnter at 
 18.75; (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschriftfur Pharm., 
 8. 201, in CanslaU's Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in dilute sulphuric acid. 
 N 2 J C 43 H 22 4 " . H 0, H 0, 2 S 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF TELLURETHYL. Easily soluble 
 C 4 H 5 Te> r . Hn o ft in water. 
 Cil^TeJ 2i HO > b0 3 
 
 SULPHATE qfbinoxide OF TELLURIUM. 
 I.) basic. Decomposed by water. Soluble in 
 warm chlorhydric or nitric acid. (Fischer.) 
 
 II.) normal, or bi. Decomposed by water. Sol- 
 
 Te O 2 , 2 S 3 uble in warm chlorhydric and nitric 
 
 acids, crystallizing out again as the 
 
 solution cools. (Magnus, cited in Wittstein's 
 
 Handw.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF TELLURMETHYL. Easily solu- 
 C 2 H 3 TeO, S0 a ble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Wcehler & Dean, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 235.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF THEBAIN. 
 
 SULPHATE OF THIACETONIN. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Stasdeler.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF THORIA. 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. 
 Th 0, S 3 
 
 6 = Xh 0, S 8 + 2 Aq Separates out from di- 
 lute solutions of the hy- 
 drates c and b when these are boiled, and from 
 concentrated solutions when these are evaporated 
 at temperatures above 25. 
 
 Slowly soluble in cold water, and with especial 
 difficulty if but little of the latter is present. Very 
 difficultly soluble in hot water. (Berzelius, Poyq. 
 Ann., 1829, 16. 407.) 
 
 It is so much the less soluble in water in pro- 
 portion as the temperature of this approaches the 
 boiling point, being scarcely at all soluble in boil- 
 ing water. That which has separated from a hot 
 solution redissolves as the solution cools. When 
 crystallized it is completely, though very slowly, 
 soluble in cold water, dissolving more rapidly 
 when a large excess of water is present, but 
 months are required if one wishes to obtain a sat- 
 urated solution. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3.514; 2. 
 pp. 191, 193.) 
 
 c = Th 0, S O 3 + 5 Aq Permanent. Like sul- 
 phate of yttria, this salt 
 
 dissolves so slowly in water that crystals of it 
 may remain therein for along time without losing 
 the sharpness of their angles. When powdered 
 it dissolves more easily, water finally taking up a 
 great deal of it. Decomposed by boiling water, 
 with formation of the hydrate b. When the aque- 
 ous solution is heated, or evaporated at tempera- 
 tures superior to 25, it is decomposed, the hydrate 
 b separating out. 
 
 Sulphate of thoria is insoluble in alcohol, by 
 which it may be precipitated from the aqueous 
 solution. From a cold aqueous solution alcohol 
 precipitates the 5 Aq salt (c), but from hot solu- 
 tions only the 2 Aq salt (b) is obtained. (Berze- 
 lius, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 16. pp. 406-408.) 
 
 II.) acid. Quickly and completely soluble in 
 Th 0, 2 S 3 ? cold water, but when this solution 
 is evaporated the normal salt sepa- 
 rates out, leaving an acid mother liquor. (Berze- 
 lius.) When treated with an excess of cold water 
 it dissolves immediately, but if so small an amount 
 of water be added that the salt becomes heated 
 thereby it dissolves very much more slowly. (Ber- 
 zelius,' Pogg. Ann., 1829, 16. pp. 406, 409.) 
 
 III.) basic. When a solution of the normal 
 sulphate is treated with successive small portions 
 of ammonia basic salts are precipitated ; at first 
 these precipitates redissolve, but as they become 
 more basic they are insoluble in water. (Berze- 
 lius, Pogg. Ann., 1829, 16. 409.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I.) mono. Very soluble in water, but the solu- 
 Sn O,S O s tion soon deposits a basic salt. (Bou- 
 quet.) 
 
SULPHATES. 
 
 681 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble, or very sparingly solu- 
 ble, in -water. Soluble in dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 SULPHATE ofbinoxide OF TIN (, or of Stannic 
 Acid). 
 
 I.) ordinary. Soluble in water. The aqueous 
 Sn0 2 , 2 S 3 solution is decomposed by boiling. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Cli. et Phys., (3.) 12. 
 481.) The solution in water acidulated with sul- 
 phuric acid yields no precipitate on boiling. (Fre- 
 my.) Soluble in a small quantity of water, if 
 left in contact therewith for some time. When a 
 solution of bichloride of tin is diluted with a large 
 quantity of water, and then treated with sulphuric 
 acid, sulphate of tin is precipitated. The sulphu- 
 ric acid may be separated from this precipitate by 
 washing with a large quantity of water. The 
 precipitate is soluble in chlorhydric acid, if not 
 immediately, at least after a time. (H. Rose, 
 2V.) 
 
 II.) anomalous (ft, or Sulphate of MetaStannic 
 Acid). Very soluble in water, and alcohol. The 
 aqueous solution is decomposed by boiling. 
 (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 474.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesqnioxide OF TITANIUM. De- 
 liquescent. Very soluble in water. The aqueous 
 solution is decomposed on ebullition. (Ebelmen, 
 Ann. Ch. et P/iys., (3.) 20. 393.) Dilute sulphu- 
 ric acid produces an abundant precipitate of sul- 
 phate of tin in a chlorhydric acid solution of 
 oxide cf tin(modif. ft). On washing the precipi- 
 tate with water the sulphuric acid may all be 
 removed, especially if the water is warm. (H. 
 Rose, Tr.) 
 
 SULPHATE ofbinoxide OF TITANIUM. 
 I.) 9 Ti 0, S O, + 9 Aq Insoluble in water or 
 alcohol. (H. Rose.) 
 
 II.) normal. Completely soluble in a small 
 Ti0 2 , 2 S 3 quantity of lukewarm water; but this 
 solution becomes turbid when more 
 water is added, and when the dilute aqueous solu- 
 tion is boiled all the titanic acid is precipitated. 
 Decomposed by alcohol. (H. Rose.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF TOLUENYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Readily solu- 
 (SulphanisoKd.) ble in alcohol, and ether. Solu- 
 C u H 7 0, S 3 ble, with combination, in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Cahours, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 27. 461.) 
 
 II.) acid. Known only in solution. Its com- 
 (SutphAnitolic Ar.'ul ) pounds with the metallic 
 C u H 7 0, H 0, 2 S 3 oxides are soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF ToLUiDiN(orof Toluenylamin). 
 
 v ( (',4 H. ,, n a Readily soluble in water. 
 ** 5 n ' H 0, S 3 . J . ... . , 
 t "2 Sparingly soluble in alco- 
 
 hol. Very sparingly solu- 
 ble, or insoluble, in ether. (Muspratt & Hof- 
 mann.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF TUNGSTIC ACID. Soluble in 
 pure water, from which solution it is precipitated 
 on the addition of nitric or sulphuric acid. 
 
 SULPHATE OF TYROSIN. Easily soluble in 
 C, 8 H, O N , 2 H 0, S 2 + Aq water, but the solu- 
 tion soon decom- 
 poses. 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a Soluble in water. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 5. 33.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Berze- 
 lius's Lehrb.) Alcohol precipitates a basic salt 
 from the acidulated aqueous solution. (Berze- 
 lius's Lehrb.) 
 
 b UrO, S 3 + 2 Aq Permanent. Decom- 
 posed by water, with 
 
 formation of an insoluble disalt. Soluble in di- 
 lute sulphuric acid, and very easily in dilute chlor- 
 hydric acid, but is very sparingly soluble in con- 
 centrated acids. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys.. 
 (3.) 5. 215.) 
 
 c = Ur 0, S 3 + 4Aq Permanent. (Rammels- 
 berg.) Decomposed by 
 
 water, with formation of a difficultly soluble basic 
 salt. (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 33.) 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water. When treated 
 
 2 Ur 0, S 3 + 2 Aq with large quantities of water, 
 
 and especially if this be hot, 
 
 sulphuric acid is abstracted from it. (Ebelmen, 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 217.) 
 
 SULPHATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly efflorescent. Easily soln- 
 Ur 2 8 , S 3 + 3 Aij ble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) The crystallized 
 salt is soluble in 0.465 pt. of water at 22, and in 
 0.289 @ 0.273 pt. of boiling water. Or 100 pts. 
 of water at 22 dissolve 215 pts. of it, and 100 pts. 
 of boiling water dissolve 346 @ 364 pts. of it. 
 Soluble in alcohol. ( Ebelmen, Ann. Ch.et Phys., 
 (3.) 5. 210.) Soluble in 0.6 pt. of cold, and in 
 0.45 pt. of boiling water (Bucholz) ; soluble in 
 4 (a) 5 pts. of cold, and in 3 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) 100 pts. of water at 15.5 
 dissolve 160 pts. of it, and at 100, 220 pts. 
 (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 Sulphate of uranium may be completely pre- 
 cipitated from its aqueous solution by adding a 
 suitable quantity of concentrated acetic acid. 
 (Persoz, Ann. Ch et P/iys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) 
 Soluble in 25 pts. of cold, and in 20 pts. of boil- 
 ing alcohol. (Bucholz.) 
 
 II.) In. Deliquescent. Very soluble in water. 
 Urj 3 , 2 S 3 + Aq (Pe'ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys,, 
 (3.) 12. 559.) 
 
 III.) ter. Peligot doubts the existence of a 
 Ur 2 3 , 3 S O 3 tersulphate. Deliquescent. Solu- 
 ble in water, but is decomposed 
 thereby, the bisalt separating out when the solu- 
 tion is evaporated. (Bcr/.elius, Lehrb., 3. 1107.) 
 
 IV.) po/ybasic. When ammonia is added to an 
 3Ur 2 O 3 , S0 3 aqueous solution of the sulphate, 
 Ur 2 Oa, S Oa, the precipitate, at first 
 formed, continues to redissolve till half the acid 
 is neutralized. The clear liquid thus obtained 
 becomes milky after a while, and finally deposits 
 i a whitish sediment, but this is exceedingly small 
 j in amount. But if, instead of ammonia, the mono- 
 sulphate be treated with an excess of carbonate of 
 baryta two thirds of its acid may be removed. 
 ' The solution of terbnsic salt thus obtained may 
 be boiled without change, and the residue ob- 
 tained by evaporating it to dryness redissolves 
 completely in water. (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., 
 1858, (2.) 26. pp. 208, 209.) 
 
 SULPHATE of protoxide $ of sesqnioride OF URA- 
 
 TJr 0, S 3 ; Ur 2 6 3 , S O 3 NIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et 
 
 Phys., (3.) 5. 213.) Soluble in water. When 
 the aqueous solution is boiled basic sulphate of 
 protoxide of uranium separates out, but dissolves 
 again as the solution cools. Alcohol precipitates 
 all the salt of the protoxide, as a basic salt, when 
 added to the aqueous solution. (Berzelins, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF UREA. Soluble in water, and 
 C 2 H 4 Nj O 2 , H 0, S 3 alcohol. (Cap & Henry.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF URIC ACID. Exceeding hy- 
 , SO 8 ) groscopic, with decom- 
 position. Soluble in 
 
632 
 
 SULPHATES. 
 
 warm concentrated sulphuric acid, separating out 
 as the solution cools. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 SULPHATE of binoxide or VANADIUM. 
 
 1.) normal. Deliquesces more readily in warm 
 V 2 , 2 S 3 + 4 Aq moist air than it dissolves in 
 water at 10. Very slowly 
 soluble in water at 10, but rapidly soluble in 
 water at 60, and still more quickly in boiling 
 water. Very imperfectly soluble in absolute alco- 
 hol ; easily soluble in alcohol of 0.833 sp. gr. 
 (Bcrzelius.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF VANADIC ACID. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in hot water. 
 
 II.) bi. Deliquescent. Soluble in water. (Ber- 
 VOg, 2S0 3 zelius.) 
 
 III.) ter, or normal. Very deliquescent. Solu- 
 V O s , 3 S 3 uble in water, and alcohol. Qn boil- 
 ing the aqueous solution it is decom- 
 posed to the basic and the peracid salt. 
 
 IV.) peracid. Soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF VERATRIN. Soluble in water. 
 N, | C M H 52 <V' . II O, S 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF tefraViNYLiUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 N C, n H ta 0, S 3 Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 2 N C, 6 H 12 0, H 0, 2 S O 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF XANTHOCOBALT. Rather sol- 
 N O, . 5 N H 3 . Co 2 O 3 , 2 S 3 + Aq uble in hot, much 
 
 less soluble in 
 
 cold water. Soluble, without decomposition, in a 
 cold aqueous solution of sulphurous acid ; this 
 solution is decomposed on boiling. (Gibbs & 
 Genth, Smithson. Contrib.,\o\. Q.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF XYLIDIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 CC 16 H 9 Hn an cold more soluble in hot 
 N } gw . H O, S 3 water (Church<) 
 
 SULPHATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Effloresces at 40. Very 
 YO, S O, slowly soluble in 25 < 30 pts. of water 
 (Klaproth) ; in 50 pts. of cold, and is 
 not much more soluble in hot water. (Vauque- 
 lin.) 100 pts. of water dissolve 8 pts. of it at 
 18.3. Insoluble in alcohol. (Steele, ?, in Thom- 
 son's System, of Chew., London, 1831, 2. 551.) 
 
 This salt is characterized by the extraordinary 
 slowness with which it dissolves in water, even 
 when this is warm : it even appears at first sight 
 as if it were completely insoluble, but it gradually 
 dissolves completely. The saturated solution con- 
 tains from -jig- i -gig- of its weight of the salt. In 
 presence of an excess of acid it is less easily sol- 
 uble in water, and crystallizes more readily. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 3. 499.) Much less soluble in 
 water than the nitrate of yttria. 
 
 Sulphate of yttria may be completely precipi- 
 tated from its aqueous solution by adding a suit- 
 able quantity of concentrated acetic acid. (Per- 
 soz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) 
 
 II.) Iri. Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids. 
 
 3 Y 0, S 3 
 
 SULPHATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Soluble in water, with evolu- 
 ZnO, S0 3 tion of heat. (Graham.) Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Kane.) 
 
 b = Zn O, S O 3 + Aq 
 
 c = Zn O, S 3 + 2 Aq Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Kuehn.) This hy- 
 drate is precipitated when strong sulphuric acid is 
 mixed with a concentrated aqueous solution of g. 
 
 d = Zn 0, S O 3 + 3 Aq This salt is deposited 
 from very concentrated 
 
 solutions of the 7-hydrated salt; it is less soluble 
 than the latter in water. (T. Thomson's System 
 ofChem., London, 1831, 2. 611.) 
 
 e = Zn 0, S 3 + 5 Aq Insoluble in boiling alco- 
 hol of 0.86%. (Kuehn.) 
 
 / = Zn 0, S O s + 6 Aq Separates from the aque- 
 ous solution when this is 
 
 evaporated at temperatures above 30. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) 
 
 g = Zn 0, 8 3 + 7 Aq Efflorescent. 
 The ordinary crystallized salt. 
 (Zinc Vitriol. White Vitriol.') 
 
 100 pts. of 
 water at C. 
 
 . 
 10 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 90 
 100 
 
 Dissolve pts. 
 
 Of the an- Of the 7-hy- 
 hydr. salt. drated salt. 
 
 43.02 
 48.36 
 53 13 
 58.40 
 63.52 
 68.75 
 74.20 
 79.25 
 84.60 
 89.78 
 95.03 
 
 115.22 
 138.21 
 161.49 
 19090 
 224.05 
 263.84 
 313.48 
 369.36 
 442.62 
 533.02 
 653.59 
 
 (Poggiale, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 467.) 
 
 .... 41.3 
 -20 53.0 
 
 25 54.6 
 
 50 66.9 
 
 75 .... 80.4 
 (Tobler, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 95. 198, and fig.) 
 
 Soluble in 0.61 pt. of water at 20.5; or 100 
 pts. of water at 20.5 dissolve 163.2 pts of it; or 
 the aqueous solution saturated at 20.5 contains 
 62.1% of it, or 34.8% of the anhydrous salt, and is 
 of 1.4650 sp. gr. (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 1859, 109. 326.) Soluble in somewhat more 
 than 2 pts. of water [at the ordinary temperature], 
 but much more readily soluble in boiling water. 
 (Bergman, Essays, 1. 184.) 100 pts. of the sat- 
 urated aqueous solution contain at the boiling 
 point (104.4) 45 pts. of the dry salt ; or 100 pts. 
 of water at 104.4 dissolve 81.81 pts. of it; or 
 1 pt of the salt is soluble in 1.2222 pts. of water 
 at 104.4. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 
 90.) The aqueous solution saturated at 17.5 is 
 of 1.4353 sp. gr., and contains 51.98% of the salt; 
 i. e. 100 pts. of water at 17.5 dissolve 108.26 pts. 
 of the hydniti-d salt, or 1 pt. thereof is soluble in 
 0.923 pt. of water at 17.5. (Karsten, Berlin Ab- 
 handl., 1840, p. 101.) At ordinary temperatures 
 100 pts. of water dissolve 140 pts. of the 7-hy- 
 drated salt. (Dumas, TV.) Soluble in 2.3 pts. 
 of cold, and in less than 1 pt. of hot water. Sol- 
 uble in 2.29 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrifi fur Phurm., 8. 201 , in Can- 
 states Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of 
 water at 15.56 dissolve 140 pts. of it (Ure's Diet.) ; 
 93.88 pts. of the 7 Aq salt. [T.] The aqueous 
 solution saturated at 10 contains 36% of it 
 (Eller) ; and at 12.5, 55.5%. (Hassenfratz, Ann. 
 de Chim.,28. 291.) The aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at 15 is of 1 444244 sp. gr., and contains 
 dissolved in every 100 pts. of water at least 
 140.526 pts. of "sulphate of zinc." (Michel & 
 Krafft, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 41. pp. 478, 482.) 
 
 Sulphate of zinc is liable to form supersaturated 
 solutions. (Ogden.) When heated it melts m 
 its water of crystallization. The aqueous solu- 
 

 SULPHATES. 633 
 
 tion saturated at 
 
 8 is of 1.421 sp.gr. (Anthon, Sp.gr. Percent of Ofandr. 
 
 Ann. der Pharm 
 
 1837,24.210.) 
 
 (at 20.5). Zn 0, S 3 + 7 Aq. Zn 0, S 3 . 
 
 An aqueous solution Contains (by experiment) 
 
 1.4151 ... 57 ... 31.92 
 
 of sp. gr. at 
 
 20.5. percent of Zn 0, S O 3 + 7 Aq. 
 
 1.4246 58 32.48 
 
 1.4650 
 
 62 12 
 
 1.4342 59 33.04 
 
 1.2790 
 
 41.41 
 
 1.4439 ... 60 .... 33.60 
 
 1.1740 
 
 27.61 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 110. 72.) 
 
 1.1271 
 
 20.70 
 
 A solution Contains per- A solution Con tains' per- 
 
 1.0817 
 
 13.80 
 
 ofsp.gr. cent of sul- ofsp.gr. cent of sul- 
 
 1.0397 
 
 6 90 
 
 (at 12.5). phateofzinc. (at 12.5). phateofzinc. 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann 
 
 . Ch.u. Pharm., 1858, 108. 336.) 
 
 .0080 . . 2 1.1550 . . 28 
 
 From these results Schiff calculates the follow- 
 
 .0165 4 1.1680 30 
 
 ing table by means of the formula : D = 1 -f- 
 
 .0255 6 1.1820 32 
 
 .005681 p + 0.00001812 p 2 + 0.0000001748 p 8 ; 
 
 .0345 8 1.1960 34 
 
 in which D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p 
 
 .0440 10 1.2100 36 
 
 the percentage of substance in the solution. 
 
 .0540 12 1.2240 38 
 
 
 
 0665 14 1.2380 40 
 
 Sp.gr. 
 
 Percent of Of andr. 
 
 .0790 16 1.2525 42 
 
 (at 20.5). Zn 0, S 8 + 7 Aq Zn 0, S 3 . 
 
 .0915 18 .2680 44 
 
 .0057 . . 
 
 1 ... 0.56 
 
 .1040 20 .2855 46 
 
 .0115 
 
 2 1.12 
 
 .1165 22 .3045 48 
 
 .0173 
 
 3 1.68 
 
 .1290 24 .3310 50 
 
 .0231 
 
 4 2.24 
 
 .1420 . . 26 .3485 52 
 
 .0289 
 
 5 2.80 
 
 1.3565 . . 54 
 
 .0348 
 .0407 
 
 6 3.36 
 7 3.92 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 297.) 
 
 .0467 
 
 84. 4ft 
 
 Hot alcohol, even absolute, dissolves a trace of 
 
 .0527 
 
 ^*O 
 
 9 5.04 
 
 it. (Kuehn.) Sulphate of zinc is insoluble in 
 
 1.0588 
 
 10 5.60 
 
 spirit, the sp gr. of which = 0.880. 1000 pts. of 
 
 1.0649 
 
 Ufi Ifi 
 
 spirit of 0.905 sp. gr. dissolve 2 pts. of it. (An- 
 
 1.0710 
 
 U. 1 O 
 
 12 6.72 
 
 thon, from Buchner's Repert., II. pp. 13, 18 ; in 
 
 1.0772 
 
 13 7^28 
 
 J.pr. Ch., 14. 125.) 
 
 1.0835 
 
 14 7.84 
 
 A solution (saturated at 15) Contains 
 
 1.0899 
 
 15 8.40 
 
 in alcohol of percent 
 
 1.0962 
 1.1026 
 
 16 8^96 
 17 9.52 
 
 Sp.gr. Percent, by ofZnO, S0 3 
 weight. -f- 7 Aq. 
 
 1.1091 
 
 18 10.08 
 
 1.000 . . .... 54.5 
 
 .1156 
 
 19 10.64 
 
 0.986 10 51.1 
 
 .1222 
 
 20 11.20 
 
 0.972 20 39.0 
 
 .1288 
 
 21 11.76 
 
 0,939 . . 40 .... 3.48 
 
 .1355 
 
 22 12.32 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 365.) 
 
 .1423 
 
 23 12.88 
 
 Sulphate of zinc may be completely precipitated 
 
 .1491 
 
 24 13.44 
 
 from its aqueous solution by adding a suitable 
 
 .1560 
 
 25 14.00 
 
 quantity of concentrated acetic acid. (Persoz, 
 
 .1629 
 
 26 14.56 
 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1836, (2.) 63. 444.) When 
 
 .1699 
 
 27 15.12 
 
 a hot solution of sulphate of zinc is cooled out of 
 
 1.1770 
 
 28 15.68 
 
 contact with the air, or in a vessel loosely stopped 
 
 1.1842 
 
 29 16.24 
 
 with cotton-wool, a supersaturated solution may 
 
 1.1914 
 
 30 16.80 
 
 be obtained, from which a modification (/J) of the 
 
 1.1987 
 
 31 17.36 
 
 7-hydrated salt, more soluble than the ordinary 
 
 1.2060 
 
 32 17.92 
 
 modification (a), crystallizes out after a time, 
 
 1.2134 
 
 33 18.48 
 
 when the solution remains protected by the cot- 
 
 1.2209 
 
 34 19.04 
 
 ton, but if the supersaturated solution be exposed 
 
 1.2285 
 
 35 19.60 
 
 to the air, or be stirred with a body which has 
 
 1.2362 
 
 36 20.16 
 
 been exposed to the air, ordinary (a) sulphate of 
 
 .2439 
 
 37 20.72 
 
 zinc crystallizes out at once. (Schrceder, Ann. 
 
 .2517 
 
 38 21.28 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1859, 1O9. 51.) 
 
 .2595 
 .2674 
 
 39 21^4 
 40 22.40 
 
 Very rapidly soluble in a saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion of sulphate of potash, a double salt separating 
 
 .2754 
 
 41 22.96 
 
 meanwhile as a mealy powder. (Karsten, Berlin 
 
 .2834 
 
 42 23.52 
 
 AbhandL, 1840, p. 126.) Very rapidly and abun- 
 
 .2917 
 
 43 24.08 
 
 dantly soluble in a saturated solution of sulphate 
 
 .3000 
 
 44 24.64 
 
 of soda. The solution obtained remains clear for 
 
 .3083 
 
 45 25.20 
 
 days, but on being evaporated deposits crystals of 
 
 .3167 
 
 46 25.76 
 
 a double salt. If it be strongly heated and then 
 
 .3252 
 
 47 26.32 
 
 quickly cooled it will deposit sulphate of zinc and 
 
 .3338 
 
 48 26.88 
 
 sulphate of soda uncombined with each other. 
 
 .3424 
 
 49 27.44 
 
 (Karsten, loc. cit., p. 124.) Abundantly soluble in 
 
 .3511 
 
 50 28.00 
 
 a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, at first 
 
 .3599 
 
 51 28.56 
 
 to a clear solution, but as this becomes nearly 
 
 .3688 
 
 52 29.12 
 
 saturated a double salt separates out. (Karsten, 
 
 .3779 
 
 53 29.68 
 
 loc. cit., p. 127.) Slowly soluble in a saturated 
 
 .3871 
 
 54 30.24 
 
 solution of sulphate of magnesia, without causing 
 
 .3964 
 .4057 . . 
 
 55 30.80 
 . 56 . . 31.36 
 
 any precipitation. Difficultly and slowly soluble 
 in a saturated solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 
 
 80 
 
634 
 
 SULPHIDES. 
 
 with separation of a double sulphate. (Karsten, 
 loc. cit., p. 128.) Soluble in considerable quantity 
 in a saturated solution of chloride of sodium, 
 without causing any precipitation at first, hut as 
 the solution approaches saturation sulphate of 
 soda separates out. No double salt is formed 
 unless the solution is slowly evaporated. (Kar- 
 sten, loc. cit., p. 128.) Crystallized sulphate of 
 zinc is soluble in a saturated solution of nitrate of 
 soda without causing: any precipitation of the 
 latter; after a while, however, a double sulphate 
 separates out. (Karsten. loc. cit., p. 1 16.) Soluble 
 in a saturated solution of nitrate of potash with 
 formation of a double sulphate, which immediately 
 separates out. (Karsten, toe. cit., p. 130.) 
 
 When one equivalent of Zn O, S Os, in aque- 
 ous solution, is mixed with a solution of an equiv- 
 alent of chloride of potassium (K Cl), J^ of it 
 are decomposed to sulphate of potash, which may 
 be precipitated by adding alcohol, while -j 1 -^ of it 
 remain unchanged ; when mixed with a solution 
 of an equivalent of chloride of sodium (Na Cl), 
 -j7_2_ of it are decomposed as before, while T 4 ^ 
 of it remain unchanged. (Malaguti, Ann. Ch. el 
 Phi/n., 1853, (3.) 37. 203.) 
 
 II.) In. Difficultly soluble in cold, easily solu- 
 Zn 0, 2 S 3 + 9 Aq We in warm water, (v. Kobell.) 
 
 III.) di. Soluble in water. 
 2 Zn 0, S O 3 
 
 IV.) tri. Insoluble in cold, and only very spar- 
 SZnO, S0 3 ingly soluble in hot water. (Vogel 
 
 PPJ.) 
 
 V.) tetra. Insoluble in cold, scarcely at all 
 4 Zn 0, S O s + 2 Aq soluble in boiling water ; but 
 soluble in a boiling aqueous 
 solution of sulphate of zinc. (Kuehn.) 
 
 VI.) fiexa. Insoluble in water. (Kane.) 
 6 ZnO, S0 3 +10 Aq 
 
 VII.) octo. Insoluble in water. (Schindler. ) 
 8 Zn 0, S O s + 2 Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF ZINC & ZINCAMMONIUM. 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Schindler.) 
 2 ZnO, 2N {Hso.S0 3 +4Aq 
 
 SULPHATE OF ZINC^'AKIN. Completely sol- 
 
 ter. 
 
 tity of wa- 
 
 SULPHATE OF ZINCAMMONIUM. Decomposed 
 N ) z n s . 0, S 8 & + Aq by water. (Kane.) 
 
 SULPHATE OF ZIRCONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Slowly soluble in cold, rapidly sol- 
 Zr 2 s , 8 S O 3 uble in boiling water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) On 
 boiling the aqueous solution it undergoes decom- 
 position, oxide of zirconium being deposited. (H. 
 Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 148.) 
 
 II.) di. Soluble in a very small quantity of 
 
 2 Zr, 3 , 3 S 3 water ; but a large quantity of 
 
 water decomposes it to the tri salt, 
 
 which separates out, and the normal salt, which 
 
 remains in solution. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) Insoluble in water or alcohol. Soluble in 
 Zr 2 o s , S0 3 chlorhydric acid. (Berzelins.) 
 
 SuLPHAuBic ACID. 
 Gold. 
 
 Vid. terSulphide of 
 
 SuLPHAuRATE OF POTASSIUM. Known only 
 in aqueous solution. 
 
 SULPHAZOTICCHLORIDE OF NlTROGEN. Vid. 
 
 Chloride of Nitrogen with ti'Sulphide of Nitrogen. 
 
 SULPHAZOTICCHLORIDE OF SULPHUR. Vid. 
 
 Chloride of Sulphur with terSuIphide of Nitrogen. 
 
 SULPHAZOTIDE OF BENZENE. Vid. Hydride 
 of SulphAzoBenzoyl. 
 
 SULPHESSAL. Vid. Thionessal. 
 
 SULPHETHAMIC ACID. Very easily soluble 
 C 16 HJS N S 4 ON, in water, and alcohol ; but these 
 solutions are decomposed by con- 
 centration. 
 
 SULPHETHAMATE OF AMMONIA. DeJiqUCS- 
 
 C 10 H 22 (N H 4 ) N S 4 O )6 ces in moist air. Easily 
 soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. Insoluble in ether. (Strecker.) 
 
 SULPHETHAMATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHETHAMATK OF LEAD. Very soluble in 
 water, and spirit. Sparingly soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 fi(SuLPiiETHOLic ACID. Very deliquescent. 
 C 4 H 6 S 4 0, 2 = C 4 H 4 " 2 , 2 H 0, S 4 8 Easily soluble 
 
 in water, and 
 alcohol. (Buff.) 
 
 JBz'SuLPHETHOLATE OF AMMONIA. Easily sol- 
 C 4 H 4 (N H 4 ) 2 S 4 O 12 uble in water. Scarcely at 
 all soluble in alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. 
 
 /J*SULPHETHOLATE OF BARYTA. Very SOlll- 
 
 C 4 H 4 Ha., S 4 12 + 2 Aq ble in boiling, less soluble 
 in cold water. Almost in- 
 soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in concentrated, but 
 soluble in dilute nitric acid. (Buff.) 
 
 ZJ/SULPHETHOLATE OF LEAD. Very soluble 
 in water. 
 
 Bt'SuLPnETHOLATE OF POTASSIUM. Easily 
 C 4 H 4 Kj8 4 12 soluble in water, and spirit. (H. 
 L. Buff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 100. 
 233.) 
 
 BlSULPHETHOLATE OF SlLVER. (BucktOH & 
 
 Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 252.) 
 
 SULPHETHERIC ACID. Vid. Isethionic Acid. 
 
 BzSuLFHETHYLic ACID. Vid. EthylSulphu- 
 rous Acid. 
 
 SULPHETHYLSULPHURIC AciD. Vid. Ethyl- 
 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 SULPHIDES. Among the metallic sulphides 
 those only are soluble in water which correspond 
 to the soluble oxides. (Persoz, Chim. Molec., p. 
 462.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ACETYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (Sulphide of Othyl, or of Acttoryl. Thi- Slowly de- 
 acetic Anhydride. Thiacetate of Othyl.) compo S e d 
 C t H, 2 S, or < {Js * 1 S 2 when kept 
 
 in contact 
 
 with wattr. (Kekule, Ann. Ch.u. Pharm., 90. 312.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ALLYL. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 (Oil of Garlic.) water. Easily soluble in al- 
 
 C 6 H 5 S,orp5 5 | S 2 cohol, and ether. (Wer- 
 
 theim.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ALLYL & OF MERCURY. Sol- 
 C r , H B ) , uble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 Hg > * ! alcohol. (Cahours & Hofmann.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ALLYL & OF PALLADIUM. In- 
 2C 6 H 6 S; 3PdS soluble in water, alcohol^ or 
 
 ether. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ALLYL & OF PLATINUM. In- 
 C 6 H 6 S ; Pt s a soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 (Wertheim.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ALLYL & OF SILVER. 
 C n H 10 8, 5 * Ag S 
 
SULPHIDES. 
 
 635 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ALUMINUM. Decomposed b\ 
 A1 2 S 3 water. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., ~ 
 38. 323.) The compounds of sulphide ol 
 aluminum, with other sulphur metals, are all 
 easily decomposed by water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 2. 166.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Rapidly decomposes in the air. Sol- 
 (Mono Hydro Sulphate of Ammonia.) able in water 
 N H 4 S 
 
 II.) bi. Known only in aqueous solution. 
 NH 4 S 2 (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) ter. Soluble in a small quantity of wa- 
 NH 4 S 3 ter, but is decomposed by much water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 IV.) quadri. Easily soluble in water; the 
 
 (Hypnhydro Sulphate of Ammonia.) concentrated aque- 
 
 NH 4 S 4 ous solution may 
 
 be preserved for a 
 
 long time, but when dilute the solution soon de- 
 composes. Easily soluble in alcohol, but this 
 solution soon decomposes. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 V.) quinqui. Decomposes in the air, especially 
 
 (Hydro Sulphite of Ammonia.) if this be moist. De- 
 
 N H 4 S s composed by water, 
 
 with partial solution. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, with subsequent partial de- 
 composition. (Fritzsche.) 
 
 VI.) septi. Much more permanent than No. 
 (HypohydroSulphite of Ammonia.) 5 - Insoluble in 
 N H 4 S 7 water, but is de- 
 
 composed thereby, 
 
 though much more slowly and difficultly than the 
 quinqui sulphide. {Fritzsche.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM & biSulphide OF 
 VANADIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM & terSulphide OF 
 VANADIUM. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 (AmylSulphydric Ether.) Miscible in all propor- 
 
 C 10 H u S, or "> \ S, tions with alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Kolbe's Lehrb., 
 
 1.319.) 
 
 jBz'SuLPHiDE OF AMYL. Insoluble, or very 
 r a ., C 10 H u ; s, sparingly soluble, in wa- 
 
 *^m "11 tSyi Of /i IT . ^A TT .1 i 
 
 ^10 " S * ter. Unacted upon either 
 by hot or cold concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid, or aqua-regia, or by cold 
 sulphuric acid, but is partially decomposed when 
 heated with the latter. Unacted upon by am- 
 monia-water, and scarcely at all by a concentrated 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. (0. Henry, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 247.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMYL & OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMYL & OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMYL & OF MERCURY (Hg S). 
 Insoluble in water. Unacted upon by boiling 
 potash-lye. Sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol, 
 and ether, and still less so in the cold. (Krutsch.) 
 Insoluble in water or alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 (Balard.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF AMYL & OF SILVER. Insolu- 
 ble in water, and in alcohol. Soluble in ether. 
 (Balard.) 
 
 Tb-SuLpHiDE OF ANTIMONY. Insoluble in 
 (SulphJintimonious Acid), q. v. water or dilute acids. 
 Sb S s Soluble, with decom- 
 
 position, in concen- 
 trated acids. When boiled with water, or when 
 left for a long time in contact with water and air, 
 it suffers decomposition. 
 
 Abundantly soluble, with combination, in a 
 boiling solution of acid chlorhydrate of teroxide 
 of antimony. (Liebig.) Soluble in a boiling 
 aqueous solution of trisulphantimoniate of so- 
 dium (3 Na S, Sb S 6 + 18 Aq). 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of sulphydrate 
 of ethylamin. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 30. 484.) Easily soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of sulphide of ammonium. 
 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of sulphy- 
 drate of potassium, with evolution of sulphuretted 
 hydrogen, but is redeposited in great part in com- 
 bination with a small quantity of sulphide of po- 
 tassium, as the solution cools. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 
 2. 299.) Very sparingly soluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Garot.) Partially soluble in solutions 
 of the carbonates of potash and soda. Soluble in 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies, best when these 
 are hot and concentrated, especially when it is 
 moist, i. e. when recently precipitated and not yet 
 dry. 
 
 When heated to about 250 in a closed tube, 
 with a solution of bicarbonate of soda, it dis- 
 solves, and is subsequently deposited in crystals 
 upon the sides of the tube. (De Senarmont, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 32. 159.) Insoluble in 
 sulphurous acid. (Berthier.) Insoluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of chloride of ammonium, or car- 
 bonate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, 
 (3.) 10. 99.) Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 boiling concentrated chlorhydric acid. Boiling 
 concentrated sulphuric acid converts it into sul- 
 phate of antimony, and concentrated nitric acid 
 oxidizes, but does not dissolve it. 
 
 OF ANTIMONY. Insoluble 
 Sb S 4 in water. Slightly soluble in sulphuretted 
 hydrogen-water. Soluble in ammonia-wa- 
 ter. (Capitaine.) Soluble in boiling chlorhy- 
 dric acid, with decomposition. (Berzelius.) 
 
 QtiinqniSui.pmBE OF ANTIMONY. Insoluble 
 [SulphAntimonic Acid.) in water. Slightly soluble 
 in sulphuretted hydrogen- 
 water. Soluble in 50 pts. 
 of cold dilute ammonia-water. (Geiger.) Easily 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline sul- 
 ahides, and of the caustic alkalies. Insoluble in 
 old, but soluble in boiling aqueous solutions of 
 the alkaline carbonates. When boiled with liquids 
 apable of dissolving sulphur, like alcohol, ether, 
 )isulphide of carbon, or oil of turpentine, it is 
 decomposed, a portion of its sulphur being dis- 
 solved. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 307.) When heated 
 in a closed tube to about 250, with an aqueous 
 solution of bicarbonate of soda, it is decomposed, 
 crystals of Sb Ss being deposited, while sulphur 
 separates. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 32. 159.) Insoluble in acids which have no 
 oxydizing action upon the antimony. Soluble, 
 with decomposition, in hot strong chlorhydric acid. 
 Insoluble in an aqueous solution of tersulphanti- 
 moniate of sodium (3 Na S, Sb SB + 18 Aq). 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ARSEN^ETHYL. Permanent. 
 
 f Readily soluble in warm water, 
 
 As}(C 4 H 6 ) s , Sj and in alcohol (spirit). Almost 
 
 insoluble in cold, but readily sol- 
 
 uble in warm ether. (Landolt, Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 89. 327.) 
 
 fiz'SuLPHiDE OF ARSENIC. Insoluble in wa- 
 ( ffypoSulplulrsenious Acid. Realgar.) ter. Soluble 
 As S 2 in aqueous so- 
 
 lutions of the 
 
 alkaline sulphides, and, with decomposition, of 
 the caustic alkalies. 
 
 When heated to about 150 in a sealed tube, 
 
636 
 
 SULPHIDES. 
 
 (Orpiment. SulphArsenious Jlcid.) 
 a = As 8, 
 
 with an aqueous solution of bicarbonate of soda, 
 it dissolves, and is subsequently deposited in crys- 
 tals upon the walls of the tube. (De Senarmont, 
 Ann. <Jh. et. Phi/s., (3.) 32. 158.) 
 
 The compounds of bisulphide of arsenic, with 
 lower metallic sulphides, are generally difficultly 
 soluble in water. [ Vid. HypoSulphArsenites.] 
 TerSuLPHiDE OF ARSENIC. When prepared 
 in the dry way it 
 is insoluble in wa- 
 ter [P. & F.J, but 
 
 when prepared in the moist way, by the action of 
 sulphuretted hydrogen upon an aqueous solution 
 of arsenious acid, it is soluble to a certain extent 
 in water, or, rather, transparent particles of the 
 sulphide are suspended in the water ; for on allow- 
 ing the solution to stand the sulphide of arsenic 
 gradually separates out. (Berzelius, Lehrb , 2. 
 269.) Sulphide of arsenic is decomposed to a 
 certain extent, with evolution of sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen, when boiled with water. (Pfaff; Huene- 
 feld, Ann. der Pharm , 20. 224.) Precipitated 
 from its aqueous solution on heating or freezing. 
 (Boutigny; Pfaff.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 warm water, from which it is precipitated by 
 freezing or boiling, or by the addition of acids, in 
 the following order: sulphuric (most readily), 
 chlorhydric, nitric, oxalic, acetic, tartaric, or even 
 carbonic ; solutions of several salts produce the 
 same effect : as, of chloride of ammonium, nitrate 
 of potash, sulphate of soda, and sulphate of mag- 
 nesia. Somewhat soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of sulphuretted hydrogen. (Melsens, Ann. Ch. et 
 Pht/s., (3.) 33. 175.) Insoluble in the acids gen- 
 erally. Insoluble in cold, and scarcely attacked 
 by boiling chlorhydric acid. Easily soluble, with 
 decomposition, in nitric acid and aqua-regia. Ea- 
 sily soluble, with decomposition, in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the caustic and carbonated alkalies ; also, 
 with combination, in solutions of the alkaline 
 sulphides. 
 
 When heated to about 150 with bicarbonate of 
 soda in a sealed tube, it sometimes behaves like 
 the bisulphide (As 82), q. v., but the reaction in 
 the present case appears to occur only at a certain 
 particular temperature, or to depend upon some 
 special state of concentration of the alknline solu- 
 tion. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 32. 158.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Slightly soluble in water. In- 
 As 8 3 , 3 HO soluble in water containing sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen. (Berzelius.) In- 
 soluble in water containing sulphuric, nitric, 
 chlorhydric, oxalic, acetic, tartaric, or carbonic 
 acids, or in solutions of chloride of ammonium, 
 nitrate of potash, sulphate of soda, or sulphate of 
 magnesia. (Boutigny, .7. Chim. Me'd., 8. 449.) 
 
 tion, in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, 
 and of their sulphides and carbonates. Easily 
 soluble in strong ammonia-water, but dilute am- 
 monia-water decomposes it, with separation of 
 sulphur. Also soluble in solutions of the hydrates 
 of the alkaline earths. 
 
 Readily soluble in citric acid, and in solutions 
 
 of the soluble citrates, 
 composed by alcohol. 
 
 (Spiller.) Partially de- 
 When the precipitated 
 
 sulphide is boiled with alcohol, this dissolves out 
 some sulphur. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 270.) 
 
 OF ARSENIC. Soluble in al- 
 AsSj 8 cohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ARSENMETHYL. Permanent. 
 
 C 2 H 3 As", S 2 Insoluble in water. Moderately sol- 
 
 uble in alcohol, either anhydrous or 
 
 hydrated. Moderately soluble in ether. Very 
 
 readily soluble in bisulphide of carbon. (Basyer. ) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ABSEN^'METHYL Soluble in 
 As 5 (C 2 H 3 ) 3 , S 2 water, and alcohol. ( Cahours.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ARSENMETHYLETHYLIUM. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BARIUM. 
 I.) mono. 
 (Sulphuret of Baryta.) 
 
 a = Ba 8 Soluble in cold, more readily in hot 
 water, but is decomposed in either 
 case to hydrate of baryta and sulphydrate of ba- 
 rium, &c. (H. Rose.) The compounds of sul- 
 phide of barium, with the higher metallic sul- 
 phides, are generally difficultly soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 b hydrated. Decomposes in the air. When 
 Ba S + 6 Aq treated at once with a sufficient 
 quantity of water it dissolves com- 
 pletely ; but a smaller amount of water decom- 
 poses it ; sulphydrate of barium entering into 
 solution while baryta is left undissolved. (H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 II.) ter. 
 BaS 3 
 
 III.) quinqui (hydrated). Decomposed by the 
 Ba S B + x Aq air. Easily soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. 
 SULPHIDE OF BARIUM & OF IRON. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BARIUM & OF LEAD. Decom- 
 posed by water. (Berthier.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BARIUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 Soluble in water, with evolution of heat. (Ber- 
 thier.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BARIUM with SULPIIOCYANIDE 
 2BaS;C 8 H B NS, + 2Aq&6A OF ALLYL. Soluble 
 
 in water. Insoluble 
 
 in alcohol. 
 
 The best means of separating it entirely from its 
 solution is to keep the latter supersaturated with 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, and warm. 
 
 Readily soluble in citric acid, and in solutions j c H ", S 2 
 of the soluble citrates ; consequently arsenions 
 acid cannot be precipitated by means of sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen from solutions which contain 
 citric acid. (Spiller.) 
 
 Insoluble in water, that is to say, 1 pt. of it 
 requires about 1000000 pts. of water to dissolve 
 it. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 156 ) Traces of it are 
 
 (Will.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BENZOL. Insoluble in water. 
 (Sulpha Bemol. Sul- Tolerably readily soluble in 
 phide of Henzylene.) boiling, sparingly soluble in 
 cold alcohol. (Cahours, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 333.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BENZOYL. Appears not to be 
 decomposed by water, 
 
 r IT n s ni . c i4 n 6< 
 C 14 H B 0, S, or c HB 02 
 
 posed by alcohol. 
 
 ing. Is not decom- 
 Only slowly soluble, decom- 
 
 dissolved by sulphuretted hydrogen-water. When j posed by a boiling aqueous solution of caustic 
 
 boiled with water, or kept in contact with cold 
 water during several days, a trace of it is decom- 
 posed and dissolved. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 156.) 
 QUI?W'SULPHIDE OF ARSENIC. Insoluble in 
 (SulphJlrstnic Acid.) boiling water. Easily solu- 
 As s ble, with partial decomposi- 
 
 potash. (Wcehler & Liebig, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1832, 3. 267.) 
 
 ^ _ 
 SULPHIDE OF Bish IYL. > Vid. Sulphide 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMETHYL. j of Bismuth- 
 Ethyl. 
 
SULPHIDES. 
 
 637 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. Decomposed by acids. 
 Bi S 2 + 2 Aq ( Schneider. ) 
 
 II. Permanent. Insoluble in water, dilute 
 Bi S 3 acids, solutions of alkalies, alkaline sul- 
 phides, or cyanide of potassium. Soluble, 
 with decomposition, in warm tolerably concen- 
 trated nitric acid. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 150.) 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of am- 
 monium or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 May., 1837, (3.) 1O. 99.) 
 
 Sulphide of bismuth obtained in the wet way 
 does not dissolve sensibly when heated to about 
 200 in a sealed tube with an aqueous solution of 
 bicarbonate of soda. It dissolves, however, if an 
 alkaline sulphide be substituted for the Na O 
 2 C Oz, and subsequently crystallizes on the walls 
 of the tube. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 32. 161.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTH & OF COPPER. Sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in nitric acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTH, OF COPPER, & OF 
 (Bi Cu, Pb 2 ) 2 S 6 LEAD. Soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in nitric acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTH & OF LEAD. 
 
 (Sulpha Bismuthate of Lead.) 
 Bi S 3 ; 3 Pb S 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTH & OF NICKEL. Read- 
 (B'amvth, Glance.) ily soluble, with decomposition, 
 (Bi Ni) S in strong nitric acid. Decom- 
 
 posed by hot chlorhydric acid. 
 Not decomposed by an aqueous solution of caus- 
 tic potash. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTH & OF TELLURIUM. 
 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTH with TELLURIDE OF 
 Bi S 3 , 2BiTe., BISMUTH. Readily soluble, with 
 decomposition, in nitric acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BISMUTHETHYL. Soluble in 
 Bi j <C 4 H s ) 8 , S 2 -, 2 Bi S 3 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BORON. Decomposed with vio- 
 B S 3 lence by water. (Berzelius.) It combines 
 with alcohol, and ether. (Fremy.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BROMOSALICENE. Soluble in 
 
 (Hydride of BromoSulphoSalicyl. alcohol, from which 
 SuiphuBromoSalicylousAcid.) solution it is pre- 
 
 C 14 H 6 Br 2 S 2 cipitated on the ad- 
 
 dition of water. Soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of caustic potash. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BUTYL & OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 (Butyl Sulphide of Lead.) 
 C 8 H 9 S; PbS 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BUTYL & OF MERCURY. Sol- 
 C 8 H 9 s ; Hg S uble in hot, somewhat less soluble 
 in cold alcohol. (Humann, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 44. 339.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BUTYL & OF POTASSIUM. Sol- 
 C 8 H 9 s ; K S uble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF BUTYRYL & OF LEAD. Spar- 
 C H 2 S ; Pb S ingly soluble in hot water, or 
 alcohol, crystallizing out on 
 cooling. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CACODYL. Almost insoluble 
 (C H,) As ) in water. Miscible in all propor- 
 (C 2 H's) As \ s tions with alcohol and ether. Wa- 
 ter precipitates it from the alco- 
 holic solution. 
 
 BISULPHIDE OF CACODYL. Permanent. In- 
 
 (C, H,) As ; soluble in water. Readily soluble 
 
 (C 2 H 3 ) As \ b in absolute alcohol, and in spirit, 
 
 from which it is partially precipi- 
 
 tated on the addition of water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in ether. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, without 
 apparent decomposition. (Bunsen.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CACODYL & OF COPPER. Per- 
 fC, H s ) As ) <j K r a maneirt. Soluble in alco- 
 (cX)ABi S2i6tuS hoi. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble in water, 
 Cd S dilute acids, solutions of the alkalies, alka- 
 line sulphides, or of cyanide of potassium. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, also in tolerably concentrated 
 nitric acid. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 151.) Diffi- 
 cultly soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid, even 
 when this is warm, but easily soluble, even in 
 cold concentrated chlorhydric acid, also in nitric 
 acid, with decomposition in both instances. Very 
 slightly soluble in ammonia. (Wackenroder.) 
 Very readily soluble in dilute sulphuric acid. 
 (Hofmann.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium, or nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CALCIUM. 
 
 I.), mono. Soluble in 500 pts. of water ; but 
 
 CaS when treated with less water it is decom- 
 
 posed to CaS, H S (soluble), and sparingly 
 
 soluble Ca 0, H O. It is also decomposed by 
 
 boiling water. 
 
 1 pt. of calcaria sulphurata is soluble in 480 pts. 
 of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 filr Pharm., 8. 210, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 
 1854, p. 75.) Freely soluble in glycerin. (Par- 
 rish's Pharm., p. 236.) Soluble in acids. 
 
 II) bi. Permanent. Soluble in 400 pts. of 
 Ca S 2 + 3 Aq water at 16; more soluble in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 III.) qninqui. 
 
 a = Ca S 5 Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 IV.) basic. Vid. Oxy Sulphide of Calcium. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CALCIUM & OF IKON. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CALCIUM & OF SODIUM. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CAPRTL. Vid. Sulphide of 
 Octyl. 
 
 BISULPHIDE OF CARBON. Vid. SulphoCar- 
 bonic Acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CERIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 Ce S Soluble, with decomposition, even in the 
 weakest acids. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CETTL. Scarcely at all soluble 
 (CetylSu/pkydric Ether.) in co Id water. Easily sol- 
 r- TT . C 3- H 33 \ <a uble in ether; somewhat 
 
 Oon fl->o O. Ur f i U ( 2 i ft* 1 ! 
 
 C s2 H ss ) " less soluble in boiling, 
 and scarcely at all soluble in cold alcohol. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF CETTL & OF LEAD. Insoluble 
 in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF &Z'CHLORETHYL. Insoluble in 
 C 4 H s C1 2 ? g water. 
 C 4 H 3 ci 2 5 " 2 
 
 SULPHIDE OF 
 C HO ci. 
 
 SULPHIDE or 
 
 (QuadriC/ilnrinated Hydrosulphuric Ether. 
 Sulftde dPEthyle quadriChlori.) 
 C 4 H C1 4 \ - 
 C\ H Clt \ S * 
 
 SULPHIDE OF 
 
 (Sulphide of Methylmonochlori. 
 Ttr Chlnri nated Met/iylic Sulphide.) 
 
 Co HO 01 ? Q 
 
 c; a, 01 1 s 
 
 SULPHIDE OF 
 C H C1 2 ) a 
 S 
 
638 
 
 SULPHIDES. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF terCHLORMETHYL. Entirely in- 
 CjjCisi,, soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 C 2 C1 3 J &2 alcohol, and ether. (Riche, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 43. 288.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF &Z'CHLORMETHYLENE ? Un- 
 C, Cl t ", S.j acted upon by water or acids, even 
 fuming nitric acid. Slowly decom- 
 posed by potash-lye. ( Kolbe. ) 
 ProtoSuLpHiDE OF CHROMIUM. 
 <Sesgwt'SuLPHiDE OF CHROMIUM. Insoluble in 
 Cr, S 3 water. Soluble in nitric acid, and more 
 easily in aqua-regia. Insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash, or of sulphide of po- 
 tassium. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 2. 328.) 
 
 OF COBALT. 
 
 a = anhydrous. When prepared in the dry 
 Co S way, it is not at all attacked by cold dilute 
 chlorhydric acid. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 25. 94.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, or in solu- 
 Co S, H tions of the caustic or carbonated al- 
 kalies, or of the alkaline sulphides. 
 [Though on adding a solution of persulphlde of 
 potassium (K 85) to the solution of a neutral 
 cobalt salt no precipitate, but a chocolate-colored 
 solution is obtained. (H. Rose, TV.).] Sparingly 
 soluble in cold dilute mineral acids, more readily 
 soluble, with decomposition, in more concentrated 
 acids ; most readily soluble in warm aqua-regia. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in acetic acid. ( Wacken- 
 roder.) It is not precipitated when sulphydric 
 acid is passed through an acid solution of acetate 
 of cobalt, but this gas precipitates it from a mix- 
 ture of sulphate of cobalt and acetate of potash 
 or soda [i. e. from a less strongly acidified solu- 
 tion]. (Persoz, Chim. Mofcc., p. 387.) Tolerably 
 easily soluble in nitric acid, but is very difficultly 
 decomposed by chlorhydric acid. While still 
 moist it dissolves in an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phurous acid. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium and nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99-) It is not imme- 
 diately precipitated by sulphuretted hydrogen 
 from neutral solutions of cobalt salts, unless the 
 acids contained in these are very feeble, lik'e acetic 
 acid, and even this hinders the precipitation in a 
 measure, but after some time a minute trace of 
 the sulphide may separate out. If the solution be 
 acidulated, even with acetic acid, no precipitate 
 whatever will occur on passing sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen, though, when once precipitated, sulphide 
 of cobalt is insoluble, or rather is scarcely at all 
 soluble in dilute chlorhydric acid. Sulphide of 
 ammonium produces a brown coloration in solu- 
 tions of cobalt salts, even in presence of 200000 
 pts. of water. (Pfaff.) Its precipitation by sul- 
 phide of ammonium is not hindered by the pres- 
 ence of non-volatile organic substances, like tar- 
 taric acid. (H. Rose, Jr.) 
 
 *Ses<7? SULPHIDE OF COBALT. Partially de- 
 Co 2 S 3 composed by chlorhydric acid. Soluble, 
 with decomposition, in nitric acid. 
 
 BISULPHIDE OF COBALT. Unacted upon by 
 Co S 2 acids or alkalies, excepting nitric acid and 
 aqua-regia. 
 
 Z)j'SuLPHiDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in an 
 Cu 2 S aqueous solution of sulphide of ammonium. 
 Difficultly soluble, with decomposition, in 
 strong boiling chlorhydric and nitric acids. Cold 
 nitric acid removes one equivalent of copper, 
 leaving Cu S. 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF COPPER. As good as in- 
 Cu S soluble in water, since 950000 pts. of water 
 are required to dissolve 1 pt. of it. (Fre- 
 senius, Quant., p. 148.) Easily soluble, with de- 
 composition, in hot nitric acid. Slowly soluble, 
 with decomposition, in hot chlorhydric acid. In- 
 soluble in sulphurous acid. Insoluble in potash- 
 lye, in solution of alkaline sulphides, or in very 
 dilute acids. 
 
 Perceptibly soluble in sulphide of ammonium. 
 (Fresenius, loc. cit.) Insoluble, or only exceed- 
 ingly sparingly soluble, in sulphide of ammonium. 
 (H. Rose, Jr.) Soluble in noticeable quantity 
 in aqueous solutions of the alkaline sulpharse- 
 niates, sulphantimoniates, and sulphostannates. 
 For example, if a dilute solution of a copper salt 
 be dropped into a solution of sulphide of arsenic 
 in sulphide of ammonium, the brown precipitate, 
 which is formed at first, dissolves on agitation, 
 and the liquor becomes clear. Particularly large 
 quantities are dissolved by sulphantimoniate of 
 sodium. This solvent action appears to be less 
 marked when the solutions are warm, and even at 
 the ordinary temperature the sulphide of copper 
 separates out again partially when the solution is 
 allowed to stand. It is probable that many other 
 basic sulphides behave with these solvents simi- 
 larly to sulphide of copper. (Wcehler, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 1840, 34. 236.) When a mixed pre- 
 cipitate of sulphide of copper and tersulphide of 
 arsenic is treated, while still moist, with an aque- 
 ous solution of sulphide of potassium, a portion 
 of the sulphide of copper dissolves as well as the 
 sulphide of arsenic. (W. H. Chandler, Private 
 communication, 1863.) 
 
 Easily soluble, with decomposition, in an aque- 
 ous solution of cyanide of potassium. (Haidlen 
 & Fresenius.) Soluble in a solution of bicarbo- 
 nate of potash. (Berzelius ) Insoluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of chloride of ammonium or nitrate 
 of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 99.) Precipitated, by sulphuretted hydrogen or 
 sulphide of ammonium, as a brown coloration, in 
 presence of 100000 pts. of water (Pfaff) ; 200000 
 pts. of water (Lassaigne) ; in presence of 15000 
 pts. of water, -j- 7500 pts. of chlorhydric acid, a 
 slight color is produced, but with 40000 pts. of 
 water, + 20000 pts. of chlorhydric acid, this is no 
 longer visible. (Reinsch.) 
 
 QuinguiSuLPHiDE OF COPPER. Insoluble in 
 Cu S 5 water. When recently precipitated, it is 
 soluble in an- aqueous solution of carbonate 
 of potash. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF COPPER & OF ETHYL. Insolu- 
 C 4 H 5 S, Cu S ble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. Soluble in moderately 
 strong chlorhydric acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF COPPER & OF IRON. Perma- 
 (Copper Pyrites.) nent. Insoluble in chlorhydric 
 Cu 2 S, FejSs acid. When heated in a sealed 
 
 tube, with a solution of sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen, a portion of it dissolves, though 
 with difficulty, and is subsequently deposited. 
 (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 32. 
 168.) 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF COPPER & OF PHOSPHO- 
 RUS. 
 
 I.) 2CuS; PS 6 
 
 II.) 8CuS; P S 5 
 
 ZH'SuLPHiDE OF COPPER & OF SILVER. Sol- 
 Cu 2 S ; Ag S uble, with decomposition, in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 ^'SULPHIDE OF COPPER & OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 2 Cu, S ; PS, 
 
SULPHIDES. 
 
 639 
 
 SULPHIDE OF DIDYMIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 Di S Soluble, with decomposition, in adds, even 
 when these are very dilute. (Marignac, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38/159.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL. Insoluble, or very 
 (SulphEtltyl.) sparingly soluble, in water. 
 
 C 4 H fi S or * 2 5 1 S 2 Easily soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. 
 
 B/SuLPHiDE OF ETHYL. Very sparingly sol- 
 (Thialt>l(of Zeise).) uble in water. Very soluble 
 
 C 4 H B S,or 4 H 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. Ether 
 removes it completely from 
 the aqueous solution. Very sparingly soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, and not at 
 all soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Morin.) 
 
 Quzttfluj'SuLPHiDE OF ETHYL. Very soluble in 
 C 4 H, S B alcohol. (Loawig.) 
 
 TerScLPHiDE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 5 S 3 ter. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF GOLD. Insoluble 
 
 C* H 5 ) q in water or in cold alcohol. Not de- 
 
 Au J 3 composed by chlorhydric or concen- 
 
 trated sulphuric acids at the ordinary 
 
 temperature, nor by boiling potash-lye. (Zeise.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF LEAD. Soluble 
 C. H 5 ; c in an alcoholic solution of acetate of 
 Pb \** lead. (Zeise.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF MERCURY. Per- 
 (Mercaptid.) manent. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 4 HB S hie in 12 <8> 15 pts. of boiling alco- 
 hol of 80%, separating out again for 
 
 
 the most part as the solution cools. (Liebig.) 
 Water precipitates it from the alcoholic solution 
 (Zeise.) Soluble in boiling ether. More readily 
 soluble in alcohol, which contains bisulphide of 
 ethyl, or in culphydrate of ethyl, than in ordinary 
 alcohol. (Zeise.) Unacted upon by a boiling 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash. Slowly solu- 
 ble in warm dilute chlorhydric acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF PLATINUM. In- 
 
 C 4 H B ) s soluble in alcohol. 
 Pt I 2 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF POTASSIUM 
 C 4 H s S, K S Quickly and abundantly soluble in 
 water ; the solution undergoing de 
 composition when exposed to the air ; less soluble 
 in alcohol than in water. Decomposed by weak 
 chlorhydric or sulphuric acids. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF SILVER. Insol 
 C 4 H B S, Ag S nble in water or alcohol. (Zeise.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF SODIUM. Readily 
 C 4 H 5 S, Na S soluble in water. (Zeise.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ETHYL & OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 C 4 H 8 S, Zn S 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF ETHYLENB. Insoluble in 
 
 C 4 H 4 , S, water. Very sparingly soluble in al 
 
 cohol. Soluble in ether. 
 
 OF ETHYLENE. Insolubl 
 C 4 H 4 ",S 4 in water or alcohol. Very sparingly 
 soluble in strong boiling caustic lye 
 from which it is deposited on cooling. (Lcewig i 
 Weidmann.) 
 
 Q;'n<7j'SuLPHiDE OF ETHYLENE. Unactec 
 
 upon by potash-lye. (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF JnETHYLPnospniN. Verj 
 
 f S sparingly soluble in cold, mucl 
 
 j ( 5)31 2 m ore soluble in hot water. More 
 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether, thai 
 
 in water ; and soluble to almost any extent in bi 
 
 sulphide of carbon. Less soluble in alkaline 
 
 iquids than in water. More soluble in chlorhy- 
 
 Iric acid, especially if it is concentrated, than in 
 water. Also soluble in dilute sulphuric and nitric 
 
 cids, but is decomposed by concentrated nitric 
 acid. (Hofmann & Cahours.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF FORMYL. Vid. ThioFormic 
 Acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF GLUCINUM. Slowly soluble, 
 without decomposition, in water. (Wcehler.) 
 
 Sasily decomposed by acids. With the higher 
 sulphides it forms salts easily soluble in water. 
 
 Berzelius.) 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF GOLD. 
 Au S 
 
 " Bi, or black, SULPHIDE OF GOLD." Levol 
 AuS 2 (Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1850, (3.) 359) 
 doubts the existence of either Au S or 
 Au S 3 . 
 
 TCT-SULPHIDE OF GOLD. Insoluble in water, 
 Au S 3 or in chlorhydric, or nitric acid. Soluble in 
 nitromuriatic acid. Insoluble in colorless, 
 :>ut almost completely soluble in yellow sulphide 
 of ammonium. Soluble in caustic potash, with 
 decomposition. Completely soluble in yellow 
 sulphide of potassium, or in yellow sulphide of 
 ammonium to which potash has been added. 
 (Fresenius, Quant., p. 152.) When in the nascent 
 state it is soluble in aqueous solutions of the alka- 
 line sulphides. (Dumas, TV.) Soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of the alkaline sulphides, also in a 
 boiling solution of caustic potash, with separation 
 of a certain quantity of metallic gold. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb.) Sparingly soluble in a cold aqueous 
 solution of sulphide of sodium, but the solution is 
 decomposed when boiled, with separation of ter- 
 sulphide of gold. (Yorke.) It is precipitated 
 even in presence of 2000 pts. of water (Pfaff ) ; a 
 brown color is still evident in presence of 10000 
 pts. of water, this is fainter with 20000 to 40000, . 
 and scarcely perceptible when 80000 pts. of water 
 are used. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF GOLD & OF X. Vid. Sulph- 
 Anrate of X. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF HYDROGEN. Vid. SnlphydrSc 
 Acid. 
 
 PerSuLPHiDE OF HYDROGEN. Decomposed 
 
 (Hydrosulphurous Acid.) by water, alcohol, and ether. 
 
 HS 5 Ether dissolves it at first, 
 
 but sulphur soon separates 
 
 from this solution. Insoluble in dilute chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Instantly decomposed by alkaline sow 
 lutions. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF HYDROGEN & OF X. Vid. 
 Sulphydrate of X. 
 
 Pro/oSuLPHiDE OF iRioiUM. When prepared 
 Ir S in the moist way, by precipitating a solution 
 of an indium salt with sulphuretted hydro- 
 gen, it is slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 or in acidulated water. More readily soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of sulphide of potassium 
 than bisulphide of platinum. Soluble in cold 
 nitric acid. (Berzelius.) When prepared by 
 igniting a higher sulphide it is insoluble in nitric 
 acid, and but sparingly soluble in aqua-regia. 
 (Berzelius.) Not at all soluble in aqua-regia. 
 (Bcettger.) 
 
 Sesgw'SuLPHiDE OF IRIDIUM. When pre- 
 
 Ir 2 s s pared in the dry way, it is scarcely attacked 
 
 by aqna-regia. When 'prepared in the 
 
 moist way, it is sparingly soluble in water, and 
 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of sulphide of po- 
 
640 
 
 SULPHIDES. 
 
 tassium, and in nitric acid. Readily soluble in 
 sulphide of ammonium. 
 
 BISULPHIDE OF IRIDIUM. When obtained 
 Ir S 3 in the moist way, by precipitation, it is 
 sparingly soluble in water, but is insoluble 
 in an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 or in acidulated water. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of sulphide of potassium, and in nitric 
 acid. When prepared by digesting an iridium 
 salt with bisulphide of carbon, it is soluble in 
 aqtia-rcgia, but is not decomposed by boiling aque- 
 ous solutions of caustic ammonia, or potash, or 
 of carbonate of soda. (Bo3ttger.) 
 
 7'erSuLPHiDE OF IRIDIUM. Sparingly solu- 
 Ir S 3 ble in water. Insoluble in an aqueous so- 
 lution of chloride of ammonium, or in 
 acidulated water. Soluble in a solution of sul- 
 phide of potassium, and in nitric acid. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF IRIDIDM & OF POTASH. 
 Partially soluble in water. (Berzelius.). 
 
 >Su6SuLPHiDE OF IRON. Easily soluble in 
 Fe 8 S acids. (Arfvedson.) 
 
 D/SULPHIDE OF IRON. Soluble, with decora- 
 
 Fe 2 S position, in acids. (Arfvedson.) 
 
 /VotoSuLPHiDE OF IRON. 
 
 a = Fe s When prepared in the dry way 
 (from Fe 2 O 3 & H. S) it is not solu- 
 ble in cold dilute chlorhydric acid, and if proto- 
 sulphide of cobalt is present, it is scarcely soluble 
 in concentrated chlorhydric acid. (Ebelmen, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 97.) 
 
 6 = hydrated. Slightly soluble in water, espe- 
 Fe S, H cially when this is hot, with decom- 
 position. (Berzelius ; ^(^auquelin.) 
 When precipitated from very dilute Solutions it 
 remains in suspension for a long while, and ap- 
 pears as if it were a dark-green solution. (Fre- 
 senius, Qnant., p. 140 ; H. Rose, TV.) The 
 presence of sulphuretted hydrogen, of sulphide of 
 ammonium, especially when yellow, or of the 
 alkaline sulphides, prevents this solution. (Ber- 
 zelius; Fresenius, Quant., p. 140.) A very dilute 
 solution of sulphide of ammonium dissolves a 
 trace of it, but deposits it on exposure to the air, 
 or on addition of hydrosulphite of ammonia. 
 (Wackenroder.) Insoluble in a solution of sul- 
 phide of ammonium. (H. Rose, Tr.) Soluble 
 in acids, even very dilute, excepting carbonic, 
 oxalic, tartaric, and acetic acids, and is somewhat 
 soluble in these. (H. Rose.) Insoluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of chloride of ammonium or nitrate 
 of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 99.) Protosulphide of iron cannot be completely 
 precipitated from solutions which contain citrate 
 of soda. (Spiller.) Contrary to the assertion of 
 Persoz, it is almost completely precipitated from 
 solutions containing pyrophosphate of soda when 
 these are treated with sulphide of ammonium. 
 (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 1849, 76. 18.) 
 
 Sogui'ScLFHiDB OF IRON. Soluble in dilute 
 Fe 2 S 3 sulphuric and chlorhydric acids. (Berze- 
 lius, Lehrb., 2. 723.) 
 
 BISULPHIDE OF IRON. Unacted upon by di- 
 (Iron Pyrites.) lute chlorhydric or sulphuric acids. 
 Fe S, It is not attacked by acids, except- 
 
 ing nitric acid, aqua-regia, and 
 boiling concentrated sulphuric acid. (Berzelius, 
 Llirb., 2. 725.) When heated with a solution of 
 sulphuretted hydrogen in a closed tube, it is par- 
 tially dissolved, though this is accomplished with 
 difficulty, and is subsequently again deposited. 
 
 (De Senarmont, Ann. CJi. et Phys., (3.) 32. 
 168.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF IRON & OF NICKEL. 
 2 Fe S, Ni S 
 
 SULPHIDE OF IRON & OF PHOSPHORUS. In- 
 2FeS, PS 3 soluble in boiling chlorhydric acid. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF IRON & OF POTASSIUM. Soluble 
 in water. When concentrated, the aqueous solu- 
 tion is decomposed by boiling, but this does not 
 occur when it is dilute. (H. Rose.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF IRON & OF SILVER. 
 
 2 Fe a S 3 ; Ag S 
 
 SULPHIDE OF IRON & OF SODIUM. 
 SULPHIDE OF LANTHANUM. 
 
 OF LEAD. 
 
 OF LEAD. Permanent. When 
 Pb S prepared by precipitation it is insoluble in 
 water, dilute acids, solutions of alkalies, or 
 of alkaline sulphides. Soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in hot concentrated chlorhydric acid, and 
 in warm tolerably concentrated nitric acid. (Fre- 
 senius, Quant., p. 145.) Sulphuretted hydrogen 
 does not precipitate lead from solutions which are 
 strongly acid with nitric, chlorhydric, or sulphu- 
 ric acid ; and sulphite of lead which has been 
 precipitated from dilute solutions, with sulphide 
 j of ammonium, is completely and not very cliffi- 
 cultly redissolved by tolerably concentrated chlor- 
 hydric and nitric acids. Sulphuretted hydrogen- 
 gas may be passed through these solutions, par- 
 ticularly through that in chlorhydric acid, without 
 producing any precipitate, but on diluting the 
 liquid with water sulphide of lead will separate 
 out. (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 
 321.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride 
 of ammonium or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in nitromuriatic acid. 
 
 Tolerably soluble in a solution of sulphuretted 
 hydrogen, when heated therewith in a sealed tube. 
 (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 32. 168.) 
 When equal pts. of sulphide of lead, in fine pow- 
 der, and of sulphate of copper are mixed in 
 presence of 4 or 5 pts. of water they are slowly 
 decomposed, sulphate, of lead and sulphide of 
 copper being formed ; this decomposition is more 
 rapid when the mixture is heated, or when chlo- 
 ride of sodium has been added to the latter, which 
 occasions the formation of chloride of copper, 
 which in its turn acts upon the sulphide of lead. 
 (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 20. pp. 1525-1529.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF LEAD & OF METHYL. Ppt. 
 Pb ? s (Gregory.) 
 
 C 2 H s <, 
 
 SULPHIDE OF LEAD & OF SILVER. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF LEAD & OF SODIUM. Decom- 
 posed by water. (Berthier.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF LITHIUM. Considerably more 
 Li S soluble than hydrate of lithia in water, and 
 in alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 96.) Very 
 soluble in water. ( Troost, loc. cit. ) 
 
 BISULPHIDE OP LITHIUM. Soluble in water. 
 LiS s (Vauquelin.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MAGNESIUM. Very sparingly 
 Mg S soluble in cold water. This solution de- 
 composes after a time, when left to itself, 
 or immediately on heating. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 38. 324.) Soluble in acids, with 
 decomposition. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MANGANESE. 
 
SULPHIDES. 
 
 641 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 
 Mn S to a notable extent in water saturated with 
 
 sulphuretted hydrogen. (Gorgeu, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phi/s., (3.) 42. 73.) Decomposed by dilute 
 
 acids, even by acetic acid. 
 
 When prepared in the dry way, it is soluble in 
 cold dilute chlorhydric acid and in warm acetic 
 acid. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. pp. 
 94, 97.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water. Slightly 
 Mn S, H soluble in solutions of sulphide of 
 ammonium, which do not contain an 
 excess of sulphur. Insoluble in yellow solutions 
 of sulphide of ammonium (containing an excess 
 of sulphur). ( Wackenroder.) Insoluble in a 
 solution of sulphide of ammonium, but not com- 
 pletely insoluble in solutions of ammoniacal salts; 
 at all events, when in presence of the latter it is 
 deposited very slowly. Nor is it completely in- 
 soluble in a very large proportion of water, even 
 when this contains some sulphide of ammonium ; 
 hence it sometimes happens that one cannot pre- 
 cipitate it, by means of this reagent, from solu- 
 tions which contain traces of protoxide of man- 
 ganese, especially if the sulphide has been recently 
 prepared and is colorless. Very easily soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid, and in dilute acids generally. 
 (II. Rose, TV.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium, or nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) Soluble 
 in sulphuric, chlorhydric, nitric, sulphurous, and 
 acetic acids, with decomposition. Not precipitated 
 from solutions containing citrate of soda (it is 
 even readily soluble in the alkaline citrates), or 
 any of the normal tartrates, or grape-sugar, in 
 the cold. Neither cane nor milk-sugar prevent 
 its precipitation, however. (Spiller.) As a gen- 
 eral rule, non-volatile organic substances do not 
 prevent its precipitation by sulphide of ammo- 
 nium. (H. Rose, Tr.) Not precipitated by sul- 
 phide of ammonium from the solution of a man- 
 ganese salt in an excess of pyrophosphate of soda. 
 (H. Rose, Tr.) With sulphur acids it forms salts, 
 which are generally sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MANGANESE & OF PHOSPHO- 
 Mn S, P S RUS. Soluble, with decomposition, in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MANGANESE & OF POTASSIUM. 
 3 Mn S , K S Decomposed by acids, and by wa- 
 ter containing air. Insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MANGANESE & OF SODIUM. 
 3MnS;NaS Decomposed by water containing 
 air. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MERCURETHYL. Soluble in cold 
 C 4 H s Hg, ) s alcohol, and ether. Easily soluble 
 C^llsllgzi * in an aqueous solution of sulphide 
 of ammonium. (Duenhaupt.) 
 
 ^'SULPHIDE OF MERCURY. Insoluble in cold 
 Hg 2 S water, or dilute nitric acid, or in hot aque- 
 ous solutions of caustic ammonia, or sul- 
 phide of ammonium. Soluble, with separation 
 of metallic mercury, in a solution of caustic pot- 
 ash. (H. Rose.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions 
 of chloride of ammonium, or nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 99.) 
 
 OF MERCURY. There are two 
 HgS allotropic modifications : 
 
 Modif. I.) Insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute 
 
 (Cinnabar. Red Sulphide.) acid, or alkaline solu- 
 
 . tions. Decomposed by 
 
 hot dilute nitric acid. Unacted upon by boiling 
 81 
 
 water, alkaline solutions, or chlorhydric acid. 
 Nitric acid acts upon it but feebly, but aqua-regia 
 decomposes it at once. It is also decomposed by 
 boiling sulphuric acid. 
 
 Readily soluble in a boiling concentrated solu- 
 tion of protochloride of copper (Cu Cl), no di- 
 chloride of copper or combination of sulphur, 
 with hydrogen or oxygen, being formed. (Kar- 
 sten, Berlin Abhandl.,~\$28, p. 23.) 
 
 Modif. II.) Permanent. When prepared in 
 (Black Sulphide.) the moist way, it is insoluble in 
 water, and in dilute chlorhydric 
 or nitric acid. Scarcely at all acted upon by hot 
 concentrated nitric acid, and not at all by boiling 
 chlorhydric. Easily soluble, with decomposition, 
 in nitromuriatic acid. Absolutely insoluble in 
 caustic potash-lye, even boiling, or in cyanide of 
 potassium, or sulphide of ammonium. Easily sol- 
 uble in a solution of sulphide of potassium which 
 contains free alkali. (Fresenius, Quant., pp. 146, 
 763.) Decomposed, with partial solution, by hot 
 nitric acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 535 ) Slightly 
 soluble in a solution of sulphide of barium. (Ram- 
 melsberg.) Insoluble in a solution of cyanide of 
 potassium. (Haidlen & Fresenius.) Soluble in a 
 potash solution containing sulphide of ammonium. 
 (H. Rose.) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium, or nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) Precipi- 
 tated as a brown coloration in presence of 20000 
 pts. of water ; as a slight green coloration in 
 presence of 40000 pts. of water. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MERCURY & OF METHYL. 
 C, H, ? a Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 Hg '5 s * alcohol. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MERCURY & OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 I.) 2 HgS; PS 3 
 II.) 2 HgS; PS 5 
 
 SULPHIDE OF MERCURY & OF POTASSIUM. 
 Hg S ; K S + 5 Aq Soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 Decomposed by pure water. 
 SULPHIDE OF MERCURY & OF SODIUM. Sol- 
 Hg S ; Na S uble in alkaline solutions. Decom- 
 posed by pure water. 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF METHYL. Insoluble in 
 (ilijdreSnlpiiuric MethylEthtr. water. Easily soluble 
 Hydro Sulphate^ofMetliylene.) j n a l cono l. (Kolbe's 
 
 Uhrb., 1. 268.) 
 
 OF METHYL. Scarcely at all 
 O 2 H 3 )o soluble in water. Soluble 
 or C 2 H 8 i 4 in all proportions in alcohol, 
 and ether. Soluble, without 
 
 decomposition, in cold concentrated sulphuric 
 acid but is decomposed when heated therewith. 
 (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phi/s., (3.) 18. 258.) 
 
 JerSuLPHiDE OF METHYL. Resembles the 
 CHS or c ' 2 HS { S bisulphide. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ^METHYLPHOSPHIN. Soluble 
 
 P { f C H ) S m water - 
 
 i 
 
 B/SULPHIDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Soluble, with 
 Mb S 2 decomposition, in boiling concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Also soluble in aqua-regia. 
 Nitric acid oxidizes, but does not dissolve it. 
 Difficultly attacked by acids generally. Only 
 slightly acted upon by potash-lye. 
 
 T'erSuLPHiDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Somewhat 
 Mb S 3 soluble in water, especially in hot water, 
 but is precipitated therefrom on the ad- 
 dition of an acid, even sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 (Berzelius.) Difficultly soluble in aqueous solu- 
 
 C, H 3 S, or ? gs S 
 
 C H 3 
 
642 
 
 SULPHIDES. 
 
 tions of the caustic alkalies ; more readily soluble 
 in solutions of sulphide of potassium and the other 
 alkaline sulphides, but still only slowly unless 
 these are heated. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 Qi/adr/SuLPHiDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Insolu- 
 MbS 4 hie in water. It is not decomposed by 
 boiling water, or by acids. (Berzelius.) 
 The compounds of Mb Si with the sulphides of 
 potassium, sodium, lithium, and ammonium, are 
 soluble in hot water ; all others are insoluble. 
 
 Dz'SuLPHiDE OF NICKEL. Soluble, with de- 
 Ni S composition, in nitric acid, and slowly in 
 strong chlorhydric acid, but is insoluble in 
 hot dilute nitric acid. (Arfvedson.) 
 
 ProtoSuLpHiuE OF NICKEL. 
 
 a = NiS Soluble, with decomposition, in ni- 
 tric acid, and aqua-regia. (Tup- 
 puti, Ann. th Chim., 1811, 78. 148.) Insoluble 
 in chlorhydric or sulphuric acid. 
 
 When prepared in the dry way, it is insoluble 
 in cold very dilute chlorhydric aeid. (Ebelmen, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys , (3.) 25-96.) When prepared 
 by fusing oxide of nickel, or one of its com- 
 pounds, with carbonate of soda and sulphur, a 
 small portion of it dissolves in the sulphide of 
 sodium on treating the mass with water. (H. 
 Rose, TV.) 
 
 b = hydratcd. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 Ni S H soluble in ammonia-water, still more 
 soluble in a mixture of sulphide of 
 ammonium with caustic ammonia, but is insolu- 
 ble in sulphide of ammonium, which has been 
 thoroughly saturated with sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 Very sparingly soluble in acetic acid, somewhat 
 more soluble in chlorhydric acid, still more solu- 
 ble in nitric acid, but most easily in aqua-regia. 
 (Fresenius, Quant., pp. 137, 760.) Not absolutely 
 insoluble in sulphide of ammonium or the alka- 
 lies. It is not dissolved by dilute chlorhydric 
 acid. (H. Rose, TV.) While yet moist it is sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of sulphurous acid. 
 (Berthier.) Difficultly soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid ; very sparingly soluble in acetic acid ; more 
 abundantly soluble in ammonia, and in alkaline 
 sulphides. After having been exposed to the air, 
 and partially decomposed, it is perfectly insoluble 
 in acetic acid, or sulphide of ammonium, and is 
 only very sparingly soluble in dilute mineral | 
 acids. (Wackenroder.) 
 
 A solution of sulphuretted hydrogen does not 
 produce any immediate precipitate in neutral solu- 
 tions of nickel salts, unless the acid therein con- 
 tained is a very feeble one, like acetic acid, but 
 after the lapse of some time a trace of sulphide 
 of nickel separates out ; if the solution is acidi- 
 fied with a mineral acid, or even with acetic acid, 
 no precipitate whatever is produced. 
 
 When recently precipitated it dissolves, with 
 decomposition, in a warm aqueous solution of 
 cyanide of potassium. (Haidlen & Fresenius.) 
 The presence of non-volatile organic substances, 
 like tartaric acid, does not prevent the precipita- 
 tion of nickel by means of sulphide of ammonium. 
 (H.Rose, TV.) 
 
 BISULPHIDE OF NICKEL. 
 NiSj 
 
 SULPHIDE OF NITROBENZYLENE. Vid. Hy- 
 dride of NitroSulphoBenzoyl. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF NITROGEN. Insoluble in water. 
 N S, Slowly decomposes in moist air. Instantly 
 decomposed by boiling water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, wood-spirit, and oil of 
 turpentine. Its best solvent is bisulphide of car- 
 
 bon, 1 kilogramme of which dissolves about 15 
 
 grammes of it at the temperature of ebullition ; 
 
 this dissolution is accompanied with a very slight 
 
 [ decomposition. It combines with the chlorides of 
 
 i sulphur. (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 
 32.395.) Insoluble in water. Readily soluble 
 
 in alcohol. (Gregory.) It is decomposed by 
 
 j cold water in the course of a few days ; hot water 
 
 i soon decomposes it. Sparingly soluble in alco- 
 
 I hoi, more readily soluble in ether, especially when 
 
 | this is hot. Soluble in absolute alcohol which 
 
 contains caustic soda or sulphide of sodium in 
 
 solution, but the solution thus obtained almost 
 
 immediately undergoes decomposition. (Soubei- 
 
 jran.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF OCTYL. Very sparingly solu- 
 (Sulphide of Capryl. Capryl- ble, or insoluble, in 
 Sulphydric Ether.) water. Very sparingly 
 
 C 32 H34 S 2 = ^ 10 H 17 1 S 2 soluble in pure alcohol, 
 
 and insoluble in alco- 
 hol which is charged with sulphide of sodium or 
 sulphide (iodide?) of potassium. (Bouis, Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys., (3.) 44. 137. 
 
 JB/SULPHIDE OF OSMIUM. Slightly soluble 
 Os8 2 in water. No more soluble in alkaline so- 
 lutions, and after having become dry, not 
 at all soluble in alkalies. Soluble in nitric acid. 
 TerSuLPHiDE OF OSMIUM. Sparingly solu- 
 Os S 3 ble in water. Soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 Quorfn'SuLPHiDE OF OSMIUM. Sparingly sol- 
 Os S 4 uble in water. Soluble in cold dilute ni- 
 tric acid. Insoluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the caustic or carbonated alkalies, or of the 
 alkaline sulphides. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF PALLADIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 Pd S ter, or in an aqueous solution of sulphide 
 of ammonium. Soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid. In presence even of 10000 pts. of water 
 sulphide of palladium is precipitated, imparting a 
 brown yellow color to the solution. 
 .Dz'SuLPHiDE OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 (Phosphorous HypoSulpMde. 
 HyposulphoPhosphorous Acid.) 
 P 2 S 
 
 I.) Ordinary modif . Unacted on by cold water 
 from which air has been removed by boiling. 
 Slowly decomposed when boiled with water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol or ether, both of which, how- 
 ever, gradually decompose it, and dissolve the 
 resulting products. Sparingly soluble in fixed 
 i and in volatile oils. Scarcely acted upon by 
 i weak, but decomposed by strong caustic potash 
 or soda. 
 
 II.) Red modif. Unacted on by cold boiled 
 water. When treated with cold nitric acid of 
 | 1.22 sp. gr. it is at first unacted upon, but at length 
 | suddenly combines with it with great violence. 
 j Weak acids act upon it only when hot. 
 /VotoSuLFHiDE OF PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 ( Hypo Sulpho Phosphoric Acid. 
 : Phosphoric Hypo Sulphide.) 
 PS 
 
 I.) Ordinary modif. Unacted on by cold boiled 
 water. Soluble in alcohol of 80%. (Boettger, 
 in Gmlin, 8. 264.) Sparingly soluble in ether, 
 the solution not being precipitated by water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in fixed and in volatile oils. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in creosote (phenic acid). (Bcett- 
 ger.) Soluble in bisulphide of carbon. (Coren- 
 winder, Ann. Ch.et Phys., (3.) 30. 243.) 
 
 II.) Red modif. Unacted on by air or water. 
 Slowly soluble, with decomposition, in caustic 
 ammonia. Decomposed also by strong solutions 
 of the fixed alkalies. 
 
SULPHIDES. 
 
 643 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF PHOSPHORUS (Red modif), 
 with ^SULPHIDE OF PHOSPHORUS (Red modif.). 
 P 2 S, PS Permanent. Soluble in boiling liquid 
 protosulphide of phosphorus. 
 
 TerSuLPHiDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Decomposes 
 (StiiphophosphorousAcid. rapidly in moist air. Ea- 
 Ptiosphorous Sulphide.) gUy so i ub i ej wit h decom- 
 position, in solutions of 
 
 caustic alkalies, or of ammonia, or of carbonate of 
 potash, or carbonate of soda. 
 
 Qum^Mz'SULPHIDB OF PHOSPHORUS. Slowly 
 
 (Sulpha Phosphoric Acid, soluble, with decomposi- 
 Phosphoric Sulphide.) tion> jn cold so l utions o f 
 
 the alkaline carbonates. 
 
 Extremely soluble in solutions of the caustic 
 alkalies or of ammonia. 
 
 PerSuLPiiiDE OF PHOSPHORUS. Soluble in 
 p s ls aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF PHOSPHORUS & OF POTASSIUM. 
 P S 3 ; 4 K S 2 Deliquescent. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in water. (H. Rose.) 
 SULPHIDE OF PHOSPHORUS & OF SILVER. 
 I.) = PS 5 ; 2AgS 
 
 II. ) = p S 3 ; 2 Ag S Readily soluble in nitric 
 acid, with decomposition. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) = PS 6 ; 2 AgS 
 (Sulpha Phosphate of Silver.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF PHOSPHORUS & OF ZINC. Sol- 
 Pa S 2 ; 2 ZnS uble, with decomposition, in chlor- 
 hydric acid. 
 
 P?-otoSuLPHiDE OF PLATINUM. Permanent. 
 Pt S Soluble in water. Scarcely attacked by 
 boiling; mineral acids. Not decomposed by 
 aqua-regia, or potash-lye. (E. Davy.) Soluble 
 in a large excess of an aqueous solution of sul- 
 phide of ammonium. Upon alcohol it acts like 
 platinum-black, but much less strongly. (Bcett- 
 ger.) 
 
 ^'SULPHIDE OF PLATINUM. Of the acids, 
 Pt S 2 aqua-regia alone exerts a slight action upon 
 it. (E. Davy.) Fuming nitric acid also 
 slowly decomposes it. (Berzelius.) Insoluble in 
 chlorhydric acid ; only slightly attacked by boil- 
 ing nitric acid ; soluble in hot aqua-regia. (Fre- 
 senius, Qnal.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the alkaline sulphides and carbonates, and in the 
 caustic alkalies. (Berzelius.) Sulphide of pla- 
 tinum, precipitated by means of sulphide of am- 
 monium, is soluble in a large excess of the latter, 
 hut is only very difficultly soluble. (Glaus, Bei- 
 trage, p. 37.) Unacted upon by boiling concen- 
 trated chlorhydric, sulphuric, or nitric acid (of 1 .2 
 sp. gr ), or by boiling aqueous solutions of caustic 
 ammonia, or potash, of carbonate of soda, or 
 sulphide of ammonium. (Bcettger.) Precipitated 
 sulphide of platinum is insoluble in aqueous so- 
 lutions of chloride of ammonium, or nitrate of 
 ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) 
 The limit of the reaction between sulphuretted 
 hydrogen and a bisalt of platinum is in presence 
 of 30000 pts. of water ; the precipitate is soluble 
 in chlorhydric acid. (Fischer.) 1 pt. of bichlo- 
 ride of platinum in 100 pts. of water mixed with 
 25 pts. of chlorhydric acid is not precipitated by 
 sulphuretted hydrogen. (Reinsch.) [The com- 
 pound above spoken of by Davy was prepared 
 by fusing chloroplatinate of ammonium with sul- 
 phur; that of Bcettger, by decomposing an alco- 
 holic solution of bichloride of platinum with 
 
 bisulphide of carbon ; while Berzelius's remarks 
 refer to the ordinary precipitated sulphide.] 
 
 SULPHIDE OF PLATINUM & OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Deliquescent. Very soluble in wa- 
 K 8 ter, and in alcohol, though less so in the latter 
 than in the former. 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 KS 2 
 
 III.) ter. Decomposes in air. Easily soluble 
 KS S in water and in alcohol. 
 
 IV.) quadri. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 KSi 
 
 V.) quinqui. Hygroscopic. Soluble in all pro- 
 K S 5 portions .in water, with production of cold. 
 Readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 All the sulphides of potassium are soluble in 
 water, and those containing much sulphur are 
 soluble in alcohol also. (Otto.) "Sulphide of 
 potassium " is freely soluble in glycerin. (Parrish's 
 Pharm., p. 236.) It is insoluble in commercial 
 acetate of ethyl. (Casaseca, C. R., 1850, 30. 821.) 
 
 " Kali Sulphuratum " is soluble in 2 pts. of wa- 
 ter at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht jilr 
 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SILICON. 
 Entirely soluble in water. (Berzelius. ) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SILVER. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF POTASSIUM with SuLPHoCYA- 
 NIDE OF ALLTL. 
 
 I.) Soluble in alcohol. 
 KS;C 8 H 5 NS 2 
 
 II.) More soluble in alcohol than No. I. 
 2 K S ; C 8 H 5 N S s 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF RHODIUM. Insoluble in 
 Kh S water. 
 
 *Ses7iSuLPHiDE OF RHODIUM. Completely 
 Rh 2 S 3 soluble in an aqueous solution of sulphide 
 of potassium ; partially soluble in a solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, with decomposition. (Ber- 
 zelius.) Insoluble in a solution of sulphide of 
 ammonium. (Berzelins.) Soluble in chlorhydric 
 (Fischer), and nitric acid. (Descotils.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF RUTHENIUM. Slightly soluble 
 in sulphide of ammonium. Easily soluble in 
 nitric acid. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF SELENIUM. Sulphur and sele- 
 nium combine together in all proportions. The 
 compound Se S 2 is easily soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the fixed caustic alkalies, and, with de- 
 composition, in aqua-regia, also slowly in nitric 
 acid, and in solutions of the alkaline sulphides 
 after long-continued boiling. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF SILICON. Decomposed by 
 Si s s moist air. Entirely soluble, with decom- 
 position, in water. Alcohol and ether com- 
 bine with it. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 38.314-) Very quickly decomposed by water, 
 with complete solution. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF SILVER. When prepared in 
 Ag S the moist way, it is insoluble in water, 
 dilute acids, solutions of the caustic alka- 
 lies, or of the alkaline sulphides. Soluble in a 
 solution of cyanide of potassium only when the 
 latter is used in large excess. The small portion 
 thus dissolved is reprecipitated, however, for the 
 most part, by the addition of water. (Bechamp, 
 cited by Fres'enius, Quant., p. 142.) Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of cyanide of potassium. (Haidlen 
 
644 
 
 SULPHIDES. 
 
 & Fresenius. ) Insoluble in aqueous solutions of 
 chloride of ammonium, or nitrate of ammonia. 
 (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 99.) 'Soluble 
 in nitric acid. Decomposed by hot concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. Soluble in strong sulphuric 
 acid, with decomposition. Insoluble in sulphurous 
 acid. (Berthier.) Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of protonitrate of mercury. (Wackenroder, 
 Ann. Ch. u. P/iarm., 41. 317.) Insoluble in 
 caustic ammonia, unless in presence of chloride 
 of silver, when a portion of it (Ag S) is dissolved. 
 (Gredy, C. R., 14. 757.) It is precipitated from 
 solutions of silver salts containing only 1 pt. of 
 the latter to 20000 pts. of water (Pfaff), to 35000 
 pts. of water. (Harting.) As separated from 
 metallic silver, e. g. from coin, which frequently 
 contains a little of it, it is very slowly dissolved 
 by hot nitric acid, and is scarcely at all acted 
 upon by it in the cold ; it is easily dissolved, how- 
 ever, by adding concentrated sulphuric acid to the 
 nitric acid used. (Gay-Lussac, Ann. Ch. et Pfiys., 
 63. 334.) Silver utensils, which have become 
 covered with sulphide of silver, may be readily 
 cleansed by placing them in contact with metallic 
 zinc in a saturated boiling aqueous solution of 
 borax, or a tolerably concentrated solution of 
 caustic potash. (Bcettger.) 
 
 SCLPHIDK OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = Na S Readily soluble in water. Alcohol 
 precipitates it from the concentrated 
 aqueous solution, but the precipitate redissolves 
 when a larger amount of alcohol is added. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb., 2. 92.) Insoluble in alrohol or 
 ether. (Roussin.) Insoluble in commercial ace- 
 tate of ethyl. (Casaseca, C. R., 1850, 30. 821.) 
 
 b hydrated. Decomposes in the air. Much 
 Na S + 9 Aq less soluble in alcohol than in water, 
 and may even be washed with the 
 former. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) bi. I 
 
 NaS 2 
 
 III.) tri. Resemble the potassium com- 
 
 Na S 3 | pounds, so far as is known. 
 
 IV.) ouadri. I 
 NaS 4 
 
 V.) quinqui. Soluble in water with reduction 
 Na S B of temperature. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF SODIUM & OF TUNGSTEN. In- 
 Na S, 3 W Sj soluble in water. (Wcehler.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF SrANNETHTL. Insoluble in 
 C 4 H S SnPa water. Soluble in alcohol. (Ca- 
 C 4 H B SnS 2 hours & Riche.) Insoluble in weak 
 acids, or in ammonia-water; but 
 soluble in strong chlorhydric acid, and in aqueous 
 solutions of the fixed caustic alkalies and alkaline 
 sulphides. (Frankland.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF STIBZH'AMYL. Soluble in al- 
 cohol, and ether. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF STIB^/ETHTL. Permanent. 
 
 f Readily soluble in water, and 
 
 Sb j (U 4 H 5 ) 3 2 alcohol. Very sparingly soluble 
 in cold, but readily soluble in 
 warm ether. (Loewig & Schweizer.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF STIBETHYLIUM. Very easily 
 Sb | (C 4 H ) 1 soluble in water, and "alcohol. 
 
 * U 2 (Lee wig.) 
 Sbj(C 4 H 5 ) 4 j 
 
 SULPHIDE OF SxiBMETHYLfr/ETHYLiuM. 
 
 Sb \ 9^ H t ? 1 Readily soluble in water, and 
 
 c H, f s alcohol. (Friedkender.) 
 & H,) 8 J 
 
 Sb 
 
 SULPHIDE OF STIBMETHYHUM. Decom- 
 
 h ^r IT > 1 poses when exposed to the air. 
 &D < (U 2 n 3 ) 4 i r 
 
 [S 2 Very easily soluble in water, 
 Sb j (C 2 H 3 ) 4 J and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF STILBENE. Vid. Hydride of 
 SulphoBenzoyl. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water, with decompo- 
 Sr S sition. 
 
 II.) ter. Resembles the corresponding barium 
 Sr S 3 compound. 
 
 /^'SULPHIDE OF SULPHOCARB(ONYL)AMMO- 
 
 (Hydramothin. CarbnSulphamid. N I U M. Very 
 Sulfocyanog6ne Bihydrosulfuree.) sparingly Soluble 
 
 C 2 H 2 N S 4 = N $ H 2 2 ,S 2 in cold, decom- 
 
 posed by boiling 
 
 water. Soluble in cold alcohol, without altera- 
 tion, but the solution is decomposed on boiling. 
 Water precipitates it from the alcoholic solution. 
 More soluble in ether than in alcohol. On evap- 
 orating the ethereal solution a portion of the sub- 
 stance is decomposed. With acetone it behaves 
 as with ether. Decomposed by alkalies. Not 
 sensibly acted on by sulphuric or chlorhydric acid. 
 (Zeise, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 9. 125.) 
 
 PerSuLPHIDE OF efrSULPHOOARBONATE OF 
 
 ETHYL. Vid. ZJiOxySulphoCarbonate of Ethyl. 
 SULPHIDE OF TANTALUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Unacted upon by chlorhydric acid, or by 
 most of the other acids. Slowly decomposed by 
 boiling nitric acid, and by aqua-regia. Sulphuric 
 or fluorhydric acids have scarcely any action upon 
 it. A mixture of nitric and fluorhydric acids 
 decomposes it. Unacted upon by potash-lye. 
 (H. Rose.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF TELLURETHYL. 
 C 4 H 5 Te> q 
 C 4 H 8 Te$ S 
 
 Z&'SULPHIDE OF TELLURIUM. Sulphur and 
 
 ( Sulpha Tellurous Acid.) tellurium may be melted 
 
 Te S 2 together in all proportions. 
 
 Of these compounds, Te S 2 
 
 is soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. While still moist, it is soluble in a con- 
 centrated solution of caustic ammonia, but is 
 scarcely at all acted upon by a dilute solution. 
 Soluble, with combination, in boiling aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline sulphides. 
 
 TerSuLPHiDE OF TELLURIUM. Ppt. 
 TeS 3 
 
 SULPHIDE OF THORIUM. When treated with 
 Th S acids, a faint odor of sulphuretted hydrogen 
 is at first evolved, but the sulphide does not 
 appear to be dissolved to a perceptible extent, 
 even when the acid is warm ; even nitric acid 
 attacks it but slightly. Unacted upon by cold 
 aqua-regia, but hot aqua-regia dissolves it com- 
 pletely, sulphate of thoria being formed. (Ber- 
 zelius", Pogg. Ann., 1829, 16. 402.) 
 
 ProtoSuLPHiDE OF TIN. 
 
 a = Sn S Soluble, with decomposition, in con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid. Insolu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of potash. (Proust.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, sulphuretted 
 SnS, HO hydrogen water, or dilute acids. Solu- 
 ble, with decomposition, in the stronger 
 acids ; easily in hot concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 Insoluble in caustic ammonia. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium, or nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. 
 Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) Tolerably readily sol- 
 uble (as bisulphide) in solutions of yellow sul- 
 
SULPHINDIGOTIC ACID. 
 
 645 
 
 phideof ammonium (H. Rose), or yellow sulphide 
 of potassium. 
 
 Completely insoluble in colorless sulphide of 
 ammonium, i. e. in that which contains no excess 
 of sulphur. Precipitated sulphide of tin generally 
 dissolves in ordinary sulphide of ammonium, but 
 a very large excess of the latter is required, and 
 this is so much the greater in proportion as the 
 solution is less strongly colored with sulphur. 
 The rapidity of solution may be very much in- 
 creased by adding a little pulverized sulphur, and 
 heating. (H. Hose, TV.) Insoluble in sulphu- 
 rous acid. (Berthier.) 
 
 jSes(/uz'SuLPHiDE OF TIN. Partially soluble, 
 Sn 2 S 3 with decomposition, in caustic potash, and 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 
 Bi'SULPHIDE OF TlN. 
 (Sulpho Stannic Acid.) 
 
 a = Sn S 2 Soluble in hot solutions of caustic 
 or carbonated potash, also in hot 
 solutions of the sulphides of ammonium, sodium, 
 and potassium, Sublimed bisulphide of tin is 
 insoluble in chlorhydric acid, &c., but is dissolved 
 by aqua-regia. 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in water, sparingly 
 Sn S 2 , H soluble in water which* contains sul- 
 phuretted hydrogen. Difficultly solu- 
 ble in caustic ammonia. Easily soluble in solu- 
 tions of caustic potash, and of the alkaline 
 sulphides ; also in hot concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid. (Fresenius, Quant., p. 155.) Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, caustic am- 
 monia, and the alkaline carbonates, though less 
 readily than the tersulphide of arsenic. Unlike 
 the sulphide prepared in the dry way, it is sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in hot concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. (H. Rose, Jr.) More readily 
 soluble than the anhydrous sulphide in solutions 
 of the alkaline sulphides, or caustic alkalies, also 
 of carbonate of potash. 
 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 ammonium, and nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, 
 Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 99.) Sulphuretted 
 hydrogen ceases to precipitate tin when 120000 
 pts. of water are present. (Pfaff.) 
 
 Z?*SULPHIDE OF TITANIUM. Insoluble in 
 Ti S 2 water, or in chlorhydric or sulphuric acid. 
 Soluble, with decomposition, in aqua-regia. 
 (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 394.) 
 Slowly soluble in acids. Decomposed, with par- 
 tial solution, by caustic alkalies. Insoluble in 
 alkaline sulphides. (H. Rose.) 
 
 B/SULPHIDE OF TUNGSTEN. Completely in- 
 W S 2 soluble in water. (Riche, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 50. 27.) Decomposed by 
 aqua-regia. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TerSuLPHiDE OF TUNGSTEN. Vid. Sulpho- 
 Tungstic Acid. 
 
 toSuLFHiDE OF URANIUM. Insoluble in 
 water. When prepared in the dry way, it 
 is only slightly acted upon by chlorhydric 
 Decomposed by nitric acid at the ordinary 
 temperature. When prepared by precipitation in 
 the moist way, it appears to be slightly soluble in 
 water, and is somewhat soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the alkaline sulphides. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 2. 738.) 
 
 jBi'SuLPHiDE OF VANADIUM. When prepared 
 V S 2 in the dry way, it is insoluble in sulphuric 
 or chlorhydric acids, or in aqueous solutions 
 of the caustic alkalies, but is decomposed by ni- 
 tric acid. As prepared in the moist way, it is 
 insoluble in water, but soluble, with combination, 
 
 W S 3 
 
 Ur S 
 acid. 
 
 in aqueous solutions of the alkaline sulphides, 
 and sparingly soluble in solutions of the sulphides 
 of the alkaline earths, also soluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic and boiling carbonated 
 alkalies, and of boracic acid. Not decomposed 
 by chlorhydric or sulphuric acid. 
 
 TerSuLPHiDE OF VANADIUM. Insoluble in 
 V S s water. Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic, carbonated, and sulphuretted alka- 
 lies. It is not decomposed by sulphuric acid. 
 [ Vid. also SulphoVanadiate of X.] 
 
 SULPHIDE OF XANTHENE. Insoluble in water, 
 "C 3 H 2 N 2 S 2 " alcohol, or ether. Easily soluble 
 in alkaline solutions. Unacted 
 upon by dilute acids. (Voelckel.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF XUTHENE. Insoluble in water, 
 "C 10 H 7 N 9 S 4 " alcohol, or ether. (Vcelckel.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF YTTRIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 YS (Woehler.) Decomposed by acids. 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ZINC. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Insoluble in water. Less 
 Zn 8 readily soluble in acids than the hydrate. 
 When prepared in the dry way, it is still 
 soluble in cold dilute chlorhydric acid, but is in- 
 soluble in acetic acid. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 25. 97.) Only very slowly soluble 
 in concentrated chlorhydric acid As it occurs in 
 nature (Blende), it is only slightly attacked by 
 acids, excepting aqna-regia. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 When heated with a solution of sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen in a sealed tube it dissolves with tolerable 
 facility. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 32. 168.) 
 
 b = hydrated fas ordinarily precipitated]. In- 
 Zn S, H soluble in water, in solutions of caustic 
 or carbonated alkalies, or of the alka- 
 line sulphides. Insoluble in solutions pf caustic 
 ammonia, or of its carbonate. Easily soluble, 
 even in very dilute chlorhydric and nitric acids. 
 It may, however, be precipitated by sulphuretted 
 hydrogen from solutions acidulated with chlorhy- 
 dric or sulphuric acid, especially if a large amount 
 of water be present. [Compare a discussion of the 
 observed facts, by Eliot & Storer, Mem. Amer. 
 Acad., (N. S.) 8. 95]. Difficultly soluble, and only 
 when heated, in concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 650.) More easily soluble 
 in nitric than chlorhydric acid. (Fresenius, Qual.) 
 Slightly soluble in acetic acid. (Wackenroder. ) 
 While still moist it is soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of sulphurous acid. (Berthier.) Insoluble 
 in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium, or 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Maa., 1837, (3.) 
 10. 99.) A solution of sulphide of potassium, 
 when added to a solution of sulphate of zinc, 
 produces a precipitate in the presence of 10000 
 pts. of water; there is still a slight opalescence 
 in presence of 20000 pts. of water. (Lassaigne.) 
 
 SULPHIDE OF ZIRCONIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 Zr 2 S s ter, or in sulphuric, nitric, or chlorhydric 
 acid. Slowly attacked by boiling aqua- 
 regia. Easily soluble in fluorhydric acid. Un- 
 acted upon by potash-lye. 
 
 B/SuLPHiMETHTLic ACID. Vid. Methyl- 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 SULPHIMID. Vid. Sulphurylamin. 
 
 SULPHINDIGOTIC ACID. Absorbs water from 
 
 (Sulphate of Indigo. SulphTntiylic Acid. j}j e air." 
 
 Cerulo Sulphuric Acid. Solvble Indigo Blue.) -y ' 
 
 C 18 H 5 NS 2 8 =NJg l Jt ".0 ) HO readily sol- 
 
 uble in wa- 
 ter ; also readily soluble in alcohol. The alkaline 
 
646 
 
 SULPHUROUS ACID. 
 
 salts of sulphindigotic acid are sparingly soluble 
 in cold, more readily soluble in boiling water ; 
 they are insoluble in alcohol, and in aqueous 
 solutions of other alkaline salts. 
 
 SULPH!NDIGOTATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) Readily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 
 SuLPHlNDIGOTATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 40 (5) 50 pts. of cold, and in a much smaller quan- 
 tity of hot water. (Crum.) From this solution 
 it is precipitated on the addition of alkaline sul- 
 phates, and by some other salts, but much less 
 completely than the potash salt. It is not soluble 
 in alcohol. (Berzelius; Crum.) 
 
 SuLPHlNDIGOTATE OF BARYTA. Slightly 
 
 C, 6 H 4 Ba N S, O 8 soluble in cold, somewhat solu- 
 ble in hot water. 
 
 SuLPHlNDIGOTATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. 
 
 SULPHINDIGOTATE OF LIME. More readily 
 soluble than sulphate of lime in water. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHINDIGOTATE OF MAGNESIA. Readily 
 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 SULPH!NDIGOTATE OF POTASH. Deliques- 
 
 (Predpitated Indigo. Soluble Indigo, cent. Soluble in 
 Indigo Carmine. Carmine Blue.) lj.Or.ta nf fnlrl 
 
 C 16 H. K N S 2 O s 
 
 water ; more ea- 
 sily soluble in boiling water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol of 0.84 sp. gr. (Berzelius.) Water which 
 contains one percent of acetate of potash does not 
 dissolve it in the cold ; when heat is applied a 
 portion dissolves, but it separates out again as the 
 solution cools. Insoluble in concentrated chlor- 
 hydric, but readily soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. (Crum.) 
 
 SULPHINDIGOTATE OF SODA. Insoluble, or 
 very sparingly soluble, in water which contains 
 2% of acetate of soda. When dissolved in hot 
 water containing a soda salt in solution, the 
 greater part of it separates out again on cooling. 
 It is less completely precipitated from the aque- 
 ous solution, on the addition of other salts than 
 the sulphindigotate of potash. (Crum.) 
 
 SuLFHlNDYLic ACID. Vid. Sulphindigotic 
 Acid. 
 
 ACID. Soluble in water. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 (Sulphite oflndylium.) 
 
 SULPHISATANITE OF AMMONIA. Very SOlu- 
 
 C 1C H 6 (N H 4 ) S 2 O g + 2 Aq ble in water; slightly 
 less soluble in alcohol. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 SULPHISATYDE. Insoluble in water. Boiling 
 
 (Sutphafatyde.) alcohol dissolves only traces, which 
 
 C 32 H 12 S, N 2 6 separate out on cooling. It is not 
 
 more soluble in ether than in al- 
 
 cohol. (Laurent.) 
 
 Z?/SULPHISATYDE. Insoluble in boiling wa- 
 
 (Sulpfiisatin. Sulpkesathyde.) ter. Very readily sol- 
 
 C.,2 H 12 S 4 N 2 4 nble i n warm alcohol, 
 
 and ether. Soluble in 
 
 strong sulphuric acid, and in potash-lye. 
 
 SULPHITEAMMON. Vid. Sulphurylamin. 
 
 SULPHUROUS ACID. 
 
 I.) gaseous. 1 vol. of water absorbs 30 vols. 
 
 SO, of S 2 gas at 18 (Davy) ; about 20 vols. 
 
 at the ordinary temperature (Dalton, in his 
 
 New System, Pt. 2. p. 389) ; 43.78 vols. CSau- 
 
 sure) ; about 50 vols. at 20, and a barometric 
 pressure of 76mm. (P. & F.) ; 33 vols. at the 
 ; ordinary temperature. (T. Thomson, in hia 
 New System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 38.) 
 
 1 pt. by weight of it is soluble in 0.1429 (= \) 
 pt. of water at 5, and the solution obtained is of 
 1.020 sp. gr. (Fourcroy & Vauquelin) ; in 0.0400 
 (= -jV) pt. of water at the ordinary temperature 
 (Priestley) ; in 0.0909 ( T \) pt. of water at 16, 
 and the sp. gr. of the solution obtained = 1.0513. 
 (Thomson.) Soluble in 2 pts. of water of 10. 
 (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 421.) 
 
 At 18 C., Absorb vols. of 
 
 and the ordinary pressure, S Os. 
 
 100 vols. 'of 
 
 Water free from air 4378 
 
 AIcoholofO.84sp.gr. ... 11577 
 
 (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1814, 
 
 47. 167.) Soluble in ether. 
 
 1 vol. of a saturated 1 vol. of water under 
 aqueous solution of a pressure of 0"i.76 
 At C. sulphurous acid of mercury, dissolves 
 contains of S0 2 gas: of S O 2 gas: Vols. 
 Vols. reduced to reduced to and Om. 
 and Om. 76 baro- 76 barometric press- 
 metric pressure. ure. 
 
 . . 68.861 .... 79.789 
 
 1 67.003 77.210 
 
 2 65.169 74.691 
 
 3 63 360 72.230 
 
 4 61.576 69.828 
 
 5 59.816 67.485 
 
 6 58.080 65.200 
 
 56.369 62.973 
 
 8 54 683 60.805 
 
 9 53.021 58.697 
 
 10 51.383 56.647 
 
 11 49.770 54.655 
 
 12 48.182 52.723 
 
 13 46.618 50.849 
 
 14 45.079 49 033 
 
 15 43.564 47.276 
 
 16 42.073 45.578 
 
 17 40.608 43.939 
 
 18 39.165 42.360 
 
 19 37.749 40.838 
 
 20 36.206 39.374 
 
 21 34.986 37.970 
 
 22 33.910 36.617 
 
 23 32.847 35.302 
 
 24 31.800 34.026 
 
 25 30.766 32.786 
 
 26 29.748 31.584 
 
 27 28.744 30.422 
 
 28 27.754 29.314 
 
 29 26.788 28.210 
 
 30 25.819 27.161 
 
 31 24873 26.151 
 
 32 23.942 25.178 
 
 33 23.025 24.244 
 
 34 22.122 23.347 
 
 35 21.234 22.489 
 
 36 20.361 21.668 
 
 37 19.502 20.886 
 
 38 18.658 20.141 
 
 39 17.827 19.435 
 40 . . 17.013 .... 18.766 
 
 (Schoenfeld, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. pp. 5, 7, 
 and fig.) 
 
 When mixed with hydrogen, or with carbonic 
 acid gas, sulphurous acid gas is absorbed by water 
 as readily as when it is pure, i. e. it obeys Dalton's 
 law of absorption even when these gases are 
 present. (Schoanfeld, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 12.) 
 
SULPHUROUS ACID. 
 
 647 
 
 Solubility of S Oj in Water at 7, under vari- 
 
 P. G at P. G at Om.760. 
 
 ous Pressures, by Experiment. 
 
 446.6 . . 0.064 .... 0.109 
 
 P* G* at P G at 760mm. 
 
 658.2 0.094 0.108 
 
 
 728.9 0.100 0.104 
 
 27.0 . . 0.010 . . . 0.273 
 
 729.5 0.100 0.104 
 
 49.8 0.015 0224 
 
 7308 0.100 0.104 
 
 89.6 0.025 0.208 
 
 1570.0 0.218 0.105 
 
 133.7 0.035 0.196 
 
 1911.0 . . 0.260 .... 0.104 
 
 239.0 0.059 0.189 
 
 
 741.8 0.173 0.177 
 
 The following table (for 20) is calculated from 
 
 757.1 0.174 0.174 
 
 the experimental results above given. 
 
 770.8 0.178 0.176 
 
 P. Gat P. Gat Om.760. V at P. Vat Om.760. 
 
 986.3 0.228 0.175 
 
 40 . 0.007 . . 0.143 . . 2.637 . 50.09 
 
 1291.0 . . 0.293 . . . 0.172 
 
 50 0.009 0.138 3.171 48.20 
 
 # p = " Partial pressure," i. e. the total pressure, minus 
 the tension of aqueous vapor at the given temperature. 
 
 60 0.011 0.135 3.718 47.10 
 70 0.012 0.131 4.205 45.64 
 
 G = Weight, of S O 2 , in grammes, which is dissolved in 
 
 80 0.013 0.127 4.663 44.30 
 
 1 gramme of water at the pressure P V = The volume 
 
 90 0.015 0.125 5.169 4365 
 
 of G grammes of S 2 at 0" and 0". 760. The third col- 
 umn " (G at Om 760) " indicates how much S 2 would be 
 contained in 1 gramme of water at Om.760, if the absorp- 
 
 100 0.016 0.124 5.692 43.25 
 120 0.019 0.121 6.683 42.33 
 
 tion were proportional to the pressure. 
 
 140 0.022 0.119 7.690 41.75 
 
 The following table is calculated from the ex- 
 
 160 0.025 0.118 8.666 41.17 
 
 perimental results above given. 
 
 180 0.028 0.117 9.652 40.75 
 200 0.030 0.116 10.62 40.35 
 
 P. G at P. G at 760mm. V at P. V at 760mm. 
 
 220 '0.033 0.115 11.59 40.03 
 
 30.0.010 . .0.263 . 3.634. . 9206 
 
 240 0.036 0.114 12.54 39.70 
 
 40 0.013 0.242 4.451 84.55 
 
 260 0.038 0.112 13.45 39.30 
 
 50 0015 0.223 5.129 77.95 
 
 280 0.041 0.112 14.41 39.10 
 
 60 0.017 0.218 6.024 7628 
 
 300 0.044 0.111 15.34 38.87 
 
 70 0.020 0.213 6.868 74.55 
 
 350 0.050 0.110 17.66 38.35 
 
 80 0.022 0.210 7.743 73.55 
 
 400 059 0.109 20.56 38.10 
 
 90 0.025 0208 8.598 72.62 
 
 450 0.064 0.108 22.37 37.77 
 
 100 0.027 0.205 9.421 71.60 
 
 500 0.071 0.107 24.67 37.50 
 
 120 0.032 0.201 11.09 7020 
 
 550 0.077 0.106 26.93 37.20 
 
 140 0.036 0.197 1271 69.00 
 
 600 0.083 0.105 29.14 36.90 
 
 160 0.041 0.195 14.34 68.15 
 
 650 0.090 0.105 31.39 36.70 
 
 180 0.046 0.193 15.97 67.40 
 
 700 . 0.096 0.105 33.62 36.50 
 
 200 0.050 0.191 17.59 66.83 
 
 750 0.103 0.104 35.94 36.43 
 
 220 0.055 0.190 19.19 66.30 
 
 760 0.104 0104 36.43 36.43 
 
 240 0.059 0.188 20.79 65.84 
 
 800 0.110 0.104 38.32 36.40 
 
 260 0064 0.187 22.40 65.44 
 
 1000 0.137 0.104 47.85 36.37 
 
 280 0.069 0.186 23.99 65.10 
 
 1300 0.178 0.104 6210 36.31 
 
 300 0.073 0.185 25.59 64.81 
 
 1600 0.218 0.104 76.35 36.27 
 
 350 0.085 0.184 29.55 64.16 
 
 1900 0.259 0.104 90.53 36.21 
 
 400 0.096 0.182 33.51 63.65 
 
 
 450 0.107 0.181 37.44 63.25 
 
 Solubility ofS O 2 in Water at 39.8, at various 
 
 500 0.118 0.180 41.42 62.94 
 
 Pressures, by Experiment. 
 
 550 0.130 0.179 45.31 62.60 
 
 ' P. Gat P. Gat Om.760. 
 
 600 0.141 0.178 49.20 62.32 
 
 205.9 .. 0.017 ... 0.062 
 
 650 0152 0.178 53.10 62.09 
 
 293.1 0023 0.060 
 
 700 0.163 0.177 56.98 61.86 
 
 696.0 0.054 0.059 
 
 750 0.174 0.176 60.88 61.69 
 
 697.6 0.054 0.059 
 
 760 0.176 0.176 61.65 61.65 
 
 701.6 0.053 0.055 
 
 800 0.185 0.176 64.74 61.50 
 
 1565.0 0.116 0.056 
 
 850 0.196 0.175 68.57 61.30 
 
 2021.0 . . 0.150 . . . 0.056 
 
 900 0.207 0.175 72.41 61.15 
 950 0.218 0.175 76.25 61.00 
 1000 0.229 0.174 80.01 60.88 
 
 The following table (for 39.8) is calculated 
 from the experimental results above given. 
 
 1050 0.240 0.174 83.97 60.77 
 
 P. Gat P. Gat Om.760. V at P. Vat Om.760. 
 
 1100 0.251 0.174 87.80 60.65 
 
 200 . 0.016 . 0.062 . . 5.675 . 21.57 
 
 1200 0.273 0.173 95.45 60.45 
 
 300 0.024 0.061 8.368 21.20 
 
 1300 . 0.295 . . 0.172 . 103.00 . . 60.25 
 
 400 0.031 0.060 11.03 20.95 
 
 (Sims, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1861, 118. 340.) 
 
 500 0.039 0.059 13.67 20.77 
 600 0.047 0059 16.29 20.64 
 
 Solubility of S O 2 in Water, at 20, at various 
 
 760 0.059 0.059 2050 20.50 
 
 Pressures, by Experiment. 
 
 800 0.062 0.059 21.58 2050 
 
 P. Gat P. G atOm .760. 
 
 1000 0.077 0.058 26.84 20.40 
 
 32.4 . . 0.006 .... 0.148 
 
 1500 0.113 0.057 39.65 20.09 
 2000 . 0.149 . 0.057 . 52.11 . 19.80 
 
 50 1 0.009 0.138 
 
 
 65.0 0.011 0.133 
 
 Solubility of S O 2 in Water at 50, at various 
 
 77.3 0.013 0.127 
 
 Pressures, by Experiment. 
 
 78.4 0.013 0.129 
 
 P. G at P. G at Om.760. 
 
 82.2 0.014 0.126 
 
 191.5 . 0.011 .... 0.011 
 
 121.8 0.020 0113 
 
 664.0 0.039 0.039 
 
 291.0 . . 0.043 . . . . 0.111 
 
 1961.1 . 0.115 .... 0.120 
 
SULPHITES. 
 
 The following table is calculated from the ex- 
 
 perimental results above given. 
 
 tage of acid in the solution. 
 
 P. G at P. G at Om.760. V at P. V at Om 760. 
 
 Sp.gr. Percent of S 2 . Sp.gr. Percent of S 0,. 
 
 200 . 0.012 . . 0.045 . 4.156 . . 15.97 
 
 1.0024 . . 1 1.0343 12 
 
 400 0.024 0.045 8.275 15.72 
 
 1.0049 2 1.0376 13 
 
 600 0.035 0.045 12.36 15.65 
 
 1.0075 3 1.0410 14 
 
 760 0.045 0.045 15.62 15.62 
 
 1.0102 4 1.0445 15 
 
 800 0.047 0.045 16.43 15.60 
 
 1.0130 5 1.0480 16 
 
 1000 0.059 0.045 20.51 15.59 
 
 1.0158 6 1.0517 17 
 
 1500 0.088 0.044 30.73 15.57 
 
 1.0187 7 1.0553 18 
 
 2000.0.112 . . 0.044 .39.07 . . 15.55 
 
 1.0217 8 1.0591 19 
 
 The following table of the Solubility ofS O^at 
 various ^Temperatures, under a Pressure q/"0 m .760 of 
 Mercury, is deduced from the foregoing. 
 
 AtC. G. V. AtO. G. V. 
 
 1.0247 9 1.0629 20 
 1.0278 10 1.0667 . . 21 
 1.0311 . .11 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1858, 107. pp. 
 311, 312.) 
 
 8 . 0.168 . 58.7 30. 0.078 .27.3 
 10 0.154 53.9 32 0.073 25.7 
 
 1 vol. of alcohol, under Dissolves of S 2 gas : 
 a pressure of Om. 76 of vols. reduced to C. 
 
 12 0.142 49.6 34 0069 243 
 
 mercury, at C. and Om.76 pressure of 
 
 14 0.130 45.6 36 0.065 22.8 
 
 mercury. 
 
 16 0.121 42.2 38 0.062 21.6 
 
 328.62 
 
 18 0.112 39.3 40 0.058 20.4 
 
 1 311.98 
 
 20 0.104 36.4 42 0.055 19.3 
 
 2 295.97 
 
 22 0.098 34.2 44 0.053 18.4 
 
 3 280.58 
 
 24 0.092 32.3 46 0.050 17.4 
 
 4 265.81 
 
 26 0.087 30.5 48 0.047 16.4 
 
 5 251.67 
 
 28 . 0.083 . 28.9 50. 0.045 . 15.6 
 
 6 238.16 
 
 With regard to this table Sims remarks : 
 
 7 225.25 
 
 " These numbers do not agree closely with those 
 of Schcenfeldt. The differences are* sufficiently 
 explained, however, by the different methods em- 
 
 8 212.98 
 9 201.33 
 10 190.31 
 
 Ho 1 7O Ol 
 
 ployed, by the fact that Schosnfeldt did not allow 
 
 1 /S-ifl 
 i ft i 7r i *> 
 
 for the tension of aqueous vapor, and by the cor- 
 
 12 1 /U.lo 
 
 rections employed by him under the assumption 
 that Dalton's law is correct." 
 
 14 152.45 
 
 As a result of his research, Sims finds that in 
 
 15 144.55 
 
 proportion as the temperature is higher, so much 
 the more nearly does the solubility of S 2 in wa- 
 ter conform to Daltou's law, so that, in general 
 
 16 137.27 
 17 130.61 
 18 124.58 
 
 1 A 1 1 O. 17 
 
 terms, it may be said, that it obeys this law for 
 
 1 '.) 1 10.1 / 
 
 temperatures above 40. (Sims, Ann. Ch.u.Pharm., 
 
 20 114.48 
 
 1861, 118. pp. 340 - 344, and fig. ) The saturated 
 
 21 110.22 
 
 onO 1 f\c KQ 
 
 aqueous solution is of 1.040 sp. gr. (Berthollet.) 
 
 22 106.68 
 23 103.77 
 
 An aqueous solution saturated at 
 
 24 101.47 
 
 is of 1.06091 sp. gr. 
 
 
 10 " 1.05472 " 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 289, 128, 164.) 
 
 20 " 1.02386 " 
 
 Oil of turpentine absorbs a considerable quan- 
 
 40 " 0.95548 " 
 
 tity of it. (T.) Sulphurous acid is absorbed by 
 
 (Schcenfeld, Ann. Ch. u. Pharrn., 95. 7.) 
 
 oil of turpentine with great rise of temperature, 
 
 From these observations, cited by Bunsen in his 
 Gasometry, Schiff calculates the following table, 
 by means of the formulae: Between 1 and 10 
 
 the oil turning light yellow, remaining mobile, 
 and acquiring the odor of the acid. (Gehlen.) 
 Sulphurous acid is rapidly absorbed by anhydrous 
 
 1.0607 0.001 2 1 + 0.0006 t 2 . Between Tand 20 : 
 
 aldehyde in the cold, 11 pts. of aldehyde absorb- 
 
 1.0605 + 0.00067 t 0.000125 t 2 . 
 
 ing 19 pts. of the acid. The absorption coefficient 
 
 An aqueous solu- An aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated Is of tion saturated Is of 
 
 of aldehyde for S O2 is 1.4 times greater than 
 that of alcohol, and 7 times as great as that of 
 
 at C. sp. gr. at C. gp. gr. 
 
 water. (Gcuther & Cartmell, in Gm., from Proc. 
 
 . . 1.0609 13 .. 1.0481 
 
 Roy. Soc.,lO. 111.) 
 
 1.0596 14 .0454 
 
 b = hydrated. Crystallizes out at ; but melts 
 
 2 1.0585 15 .0424 
 
 S Oj + 15 Aq (Schcenfeld) again at + 3.4. Easily 
 
 3 1.0576 16 .0392 
 
 soluble in water, much 
 
 4 1.0569 17 .0358 
 
 less soluble in alcohol. Soluble in an aqueous 
 
 5 1.0562 18 .0321 
 
 solution of sulphurous acid, from which, if it 
 
 1.0557 19 .0281 
 
 be concentrated, it crystallizes out on cooling. 
 
 1.0552 20 .0239 
 
 (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Pliys., (3.) 23. 421.) 
 
 1.0549 21 .0195 
 
 Only the alkaline normal salts of sulphurous 
 
 1.0548 22 .0147 
 
 acid are soluble in water, and they are all insolu- 
 
 10 1.0547 23 1.0099 
 
 ble, or but sparingly soluble, in alcohol. The 
 
 1.0528 24 . . 0.9991 
 
 acid salts are soluble in water. 
 
 12 .. 1.0505 
 Schiff also calculates the following table, by 
 means of the formula : D = 1 + b 0023993 n 
 + 0.00003911 p 2 0.00000013302 p; in which 
 
 SULPHITE OP ACETONEAMMONIUM. Easily 
 
 (Sulphite of MantnUlmmoHium. ) s luble , in "I 3 ' 61 ": a " d 
 C 8 H 6 (N H<) 2 , 2 S 2 + 2 Aq alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. (Staedeler.) 
 
SULPHITES. 
 
 649 
 
 SULPHITE OF ACETONEPOTASSIUM. Toler- 
 
 (Sulphite of Mfsily I Potassium.) ably soluble in water, 
 C 6 H 5 K 2) 2 S 2 + Aq m ore difficultly solu- 
 
 ble in alcohol. (Lim- 
 pricht, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 239.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF ACETONESODIUM. Tolerably 
 
 (Sulphite ofMfsitylSodium.) soluble in water, more 
 
 C 6 H 5 Na0 2 ,2S0 2 -f 2 Aq difficultly soluble in 
 
 spirit. (Limpricht, loc. 
 
 cit.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF ACETYLAMMONIUM. Very sol- 
 
 (BiSulphite of Aldehyde Ammonia. uble in water. 
 
 Jsomeric with Taurin.) QnlnHlo in 
 
 C 4 H 7 N S. 8 = C 4 H 3 (N H 4 ) O s , 2 S 2 ' 
 
 1 weak a 1 c o- 
 
 hol ; difficultly soluble in absolute alcohol, or in 
 ether. (Redtenbacher.) 
 
 Petersen ( Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 325) has 
 observed a modification of this substance, which 
 is much less soluble in water, especially in cold 
 water, than Redtenbacher's compound. Scarcely 
 at all soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 BZ'SULPHITE OF ALDEHYDEAMMONIA. Vid. 
 
 N H s , C 4 H 4 0, + 2 S 2 Sulphite of Acetylammo- 
 
 nium. 
 
 SULPHITE OF ALLOXAN & OF POTASH. Rathei 
 C, H 6 N 2 K S 2 0, B = C 8 Hj difficultly soluble in cold, 
 N 2 O g , K 0, 2 S Oj + 3 Aq but easily soluble ii 
 boiling water. 
 
 SULPHITE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in sul 
 
 A1 2 Og, S O a + 4 Aq phurous acid. (Fourcroy & 
 
 Vauquelin.) 
 
 II.) "normal." Decomposes in the air. Soluble 
 in water, but the solution is decomposed on boil- 
 ing. (Gougginsperg.) Moist hydrate of alumina 
 is soluble in sulphurous acid, but is completely 
 reprecipitated, as hydrate, on boiling the solution 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 75.) 
 
 " SULPHITE OF AMMON," &c. Vid. Sulphu- 
 (Compounds of N H s & S 2 ) rylamid. 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Hygroscopic. Soluble in 1 pt. of 
 N H 4 0, S 2 water at 1 2, with considerable re- 
 duction of temperature ; much more 
 soluble in hot water, but ammonia is evolved 
 when the solution is boiled. (Fourcroy.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in absolute alcohol. (Muspratt.) 
 Much more soluble than sulphite of potash. 
 (Pean de St. Gilles, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 36. 
 83.) 
 
 II.) 2 (N H 4 0, S 2 ) -f 3 Aq 
 
 III.) bi. Decomposes when exposed to the air. 
 N H 4 0, 2 S0 2 Easily soluble in water. Very sol- 
 uble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Muspratt.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF CADMIUM. 
 N H 4 0, S 2 ; Cd 0, S 0, Exceedingly sparingly sol- 
 uble in water, scarcely a 
 
 trace being dissolved therein, even on boiling. 
 Somewhat soluble at the ordinary temperature in 
 sulphurous acid, but is reprecipitated on boiling. 
 More soluble when in presence of the correspond- 
 ing zinc salt than in pure water. (Schueler, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 87. 45.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & of dinoxide OF COP- 
 PER. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water, or in weak acids. (Pean 
 
 N H 4 0, S 2 ; Cu 2 0, S 2 de St. Gilles, Ann. Ch. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 42. 30. \ 
 
 Decomposed by boiling with water. (Rogojski.) 
 82 
 
 [ II.) Decomposed when heated in water. (Mus- 
 ! 2 (Cu 2 0, S 2 ) ; N H 4 O, S 2 + 3 Aq pratt.) 
 
 III.) Rapidly decomposed in the air. Some- 
 7 (N H 4 0, S 2 ) ; Cu 2 0, S O 2 + 10 Aq what soluble 
 
 in warm, less 
 
 soluble in cold water. (Pean de St. Gilles, Ibid.) 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA, of dinoxide OF COP- 
 N H 4 0, S 0,, 2 (Cu 2 0, S 2 ) ; PER, & of protoxide 
 CuO,SOj-f6Aq OF COPPER. Insol- 
 
 uble in water, but is 
 
 decomposed when boiled therewith. Insoluble in 
 weak acids ; but is decomposed when left in con- 
 tact with acid liquors. Soluble in ammonia- 
 water. (Idem, Ibid.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & or MAGNESIA. 
 N H 4 0, S 2 ; 3 (Mg 0, S 2 + 5 Aq) Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 (Fourcroy & Vauquelin.) Soluble in sulphurous 
 acid. 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & NITRIC OXIDE. 
 
 (NitroSulphate of Ammonia.) Gradually deliquescent, 
 
 N H 4 0, N 2 , S 3 with decomposition. 
 
 Soluble in water at first 
 
 without decomposition, but subsequently decom- 
 poses the more rapidly the higher the tempera- 
 ture. Less soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 ammonia than in pure water, but the solution 
 thus obtained decomposes much more slowly. 
 (Pelouze.) Insoluble in hot alcohol. Alcohol 
 precipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Pe- 
 louze.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF PLATIN(OMS)&I- 
 
 AMIN. 
 
 I.) (Prepared from the green modif. (y) of 
 chloride of platin(ous)ammonium [see p. 174.].) 
 
 a = NH 4 0,S0 2 ; N 2 n 8 . Pt'0,HO,2S0 2 
 
 from 
 
 its alcoholic solution after a time. (Peyrone, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 61. 179.) 
 
 b = With excess of sulphite of ammonia ? Solu- 
 ble in all proportions in water, from which oily 
 drops are precipitated on the addition of alcohol. 
 (Peyrone, loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) (Prepared from the orange modif. (S) of 
 chloride of platin(ous) ammonium.) 
 
 a == 2 (N H 4 0, S 2 ) ; Soluble in all propor- 
 
 N 5n pto HO 5?so tions in water> from 
 
 M H ' Pt > H ' 2 s > which it is precipitated 
 
 in oily drops on the 
 
 addition of alcohol. (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 61. 179.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF PLATINUM. 
 NH 4 O, S0 2 ; PtO 5 SO, + Aq Easily soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in 
 strong alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF SILVER. 
 
 SULPHITE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 SULPHITE OF ANILIN. 
 
 SULPHITE OF ANISICYL(" Anisyl ")AMMO- 
 NIUM. Readily soluble in water. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of the bisulphites. 
 (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF ANISICYLPOTASSIUM. Readily 
 soluble in pure water, less soluble in water 
 charged with sulphites. Soluble in dilute alcohol. 
 (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF ANISICYLSODIUM. Soluble in 
 C 16 H, Na 4 , 2 S 2 -f 2 Aq cold water, but the so- 
 lution is decomposed 
 on ebullition ; less soluble in water which contains 
 
650 
 
 SULPHITES. 
 
 a little sulphite of soda ; and nearly insoluble in 
 a saturated cold solution of sulphite of soda, but 
 is somewhat soluble in the same when warm. 
 Soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE ofteroxide OF ANTIMONY. Insolu- 
 Sb0 3 , 3S0 2 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Scarcely at all soluble 
 BaO,S0 3 in water. Soluble in sulphurous acid. 
 (Fourcroy.) Almost insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Very sparingly soluble in sulphurous acid. 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 75.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF BENZOYLAMMONIUM. Very sol- 
 uble in water. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF BENZOYLPOTASSIUM. Very 
 easily soluble in pure water ; less soluble in water 
 which contains an alkaline sulphite, and nearly 
 insoluble in a cold concentrated solution of an 
 alkaline sulphite. The aqueous solution is de- 
 composed on ebullition. Sparingly soluble in 
 cold, readily soluble' in boiling alcohol ; decom- 
 posed by continued ebullition. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF BENZOYI,SODIUM. Readily 
 C ]4 H s Na 2 , 2 S 0, + 3 Aq solu ble in water ; the 
 solution undergoing de- 
 composition when boiled. Insoluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of bisulphite of soda. Tolerably 
 soluble in hydrated alcohol. Insoluble in cold, 
 sparingly soluble in boiling, absolute alcohol. 
 
 SULPHITE OF BISMUTH. ' Insoluble in water, 
 Bi 3 , SO 2 or in sulphurous acid. (Fourcroy.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF BROMONAPHTOYL. Vid. Sulpho- 
 BromoNaphthalic Acid. 
 
 SULPHITE OF BROMOSALICOYLPOTASSIUM. 
 C 14 H 4 Br K 4 , 2 S 2 Readily soluble in water. 
 Decomposed by acids. 
 
 SULPHITE OF BROMOSALICOYLSODIUM. 
 Readily soluble in water. Decomposed by acids 
 
 SULPHITE OF BUTOYLAMMONIUM. 
 C 8 H 7 (NH 4 )0 2 ,S 2 4 
 
 SULPHITE OF BUTOYLSODIUM. 
 C 8 H 7 Na 2 , S 2 4 
 
 SULPHITE OF CADMIUM. Difficultly soluble 
 Cd 0, S 2 + 2 Aq in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 Soluble, with combination, in 
 ammonia-water. (Muspratt.) Soluble in sulphu- 
 rous acid. (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 8. 352.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CADMIUM & OF CADMIUMAM- 
 
 NJ =3. 0,80*80,10, SO, MONIUM. Decom- 
 
 ( Cd posed by water. Sol- 
 
 uble in ammonia-wa- 
 ter. (Rammelsberg.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CAPRICYLPOTASSIUM. Decom- 
 
 C 16 H 16 K 2 , 2 S O a + 8 Aq posed by warm water. 
 
 insoluble in saturated 
 
 aqueous solutions of the bisulphites of potash and 
 of soda. Very soluble in cold spirit. (Limpricht, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 93. 243.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CAPRICYLSODIUM. Similar to 
 the potassium compound. (Limpricht, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CERIUM. 
 
 I.) Ce O, S 2 Soluble in water, the solution 
 undergoing decomposition, with 
 precipitation of No. 2, on boiling. (Berthier, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 77.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. (Berthier, loc. 
 cit.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLORIDE OF CARBON. Vid. 
 Sulphite of Chloride of ChloroMethyl. 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLORIDE OF &CHLOROME- 
 
 ( Chloride of biChlorMethyl Sulphurous Acid. 
 Sulphite of prntu Chloride of Carbon. 
 Carbonate ofptoto Chloride of Sulphur.) 
 C Cl S O 2 or C 2 S 2 C1 2 O 4 (of Kolbe) 
 
 C 2 H C1 3 S, 4 (of Gerhardt) = C ' H C ( !| S 2 4 
 
 T H Y L. 
 Soluble 
 
 ln 
 
 . 
 
 hol, but 
 the solutions are easily decomposed. 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLORIDE OF terCuLORoME- 
 
 (Chloride itfterChloroMethylSulphurous Acid. TIIYL. In- 
 Sulphite of Per Chloride of Carbon. soluble in 
 
 O*y Chloride of Sulphide of Carbon. wHtp.- or 
 
 Carbonate of bichloride of Sulphur. r 
 
 Chlor hyposulphite of Chloro Carbonic Oxide.) 
 
 . 
 
 1 d 8. 
 
 c n 
 
 B u 
 
 Slowly de- 
 f 
 
 composed 
 by cold 
 
 water, more rapidly by hot water. Easily soluble 
 in bisulphide of carbon, in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLOIU>BENZENE. Vid. Chlo- 
 ride of SulphoPhenyl. 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLORONAPHTHALIN. Insolu- 
 
 (Naphthy I Sulphurous Chloride.) ble in cold, derom- 
 
 C 20 II, Cl", 2 S 0, posed by boiling wa- 
 
 ter. Soluble in ether, 
 
 benzin, bisulphide of carbon, and oxychloride of 
 phosphorus ; likewise in alcohol, but not without 
 alteration. (Kimberly.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLORONAPHTOYL. Vid. Sul- 
 phoChloroNaphthalic Acid. 
 
 ZJ/SULPHITE OF quinquiCnLORivE OF PHOS- 
 P C1 6 , 2 S O 2 PHORUS. Decomposed by water. 
 (Kremers.) 
 
 jTerSuLpHiTE OF </ZW^HI'CHLORIDE OF Pnos- 
 P Cl s , 3 S 2 PHORUS. 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLOROSALICOYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHITE OF CHLOROSALICOYLPOTASSIUBI. 
 C ]4 H 4 Cl K 4 , S 2 4 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF CHROMIUM. Insol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 SULPHITE ofsesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. . 
 
 I.) normal? ("basic.") Insoluble in water, or 
 
 Cr 2 O s , 3SO a alcohol. Soluble in cold aqueous 
 
 solutions of the carbonates of pot- 
 
 ash, and soda, and in ammonia-water. (Berthier.) 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. Decomposed, with pre- 
 
 2 (Cr 2 O 3 , S 2 ) ; H 0, S 2 + 16 Aq cipitation of No. 
 
 L, by alcohol. 
 SULPHITE OF CINNAMOYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHITE OF CINNAMOYLPOTASSIUM. Per- 
 C 18 H 7 K 2 , 2 S 0, manent. Soluble in cold, 
 decomposed by boiling wa- 
 ter. Almost insoluble in concentrated aqueous 
 solutions of the alkaline sulphites. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold alcohol or spirit. Easily 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CINNAMOYLSODIUM. Soluble 
 in boiling alcohol. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) mono. Almost insoluble in water. Insolu- 
 Co O, S -0 2 + 5 Aq ble in alcohol. (Muspratt.) 
 
 II.) [1] "basic." Partially soluble in water, 
 becoming more and more basic by washing. (Ber- 
 thier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 79.) 
 
 SULPHITE of dinoxide OF COPPER. Decom- 
 Cu 2 O,S0 2 + 2Aq poses gradually in moist air. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 Soluble in sulphurous and chlorhydric acids, and 
 in ammonia-water. Sulphuric acid, even when 
 dilute and cold, decomposes it instantly. (Ber- 
 
SULPHITES. 
 
 651. 
 
 thier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 80.) Decomposed 
 by boiling with water. 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF COPPER. The aque- 
 ous solution of this salt decomposes spontaneously 
 on standing, especially if exposed to solar light, 
 and very rapidly on heating. (Berthier, loc. cit. ) 
 
 SULPHITE of dinoxide $ of protoxide OF COP- 
 PER. 
 
 I.) Red salt. Insoluble in water, in sulphurous 
 
 Cu 2 0, 80 2 ; Cu 0, S O 2 + 2 Aq or acetic acids, or in 
 
 solutions of the oxy- 
 
 salts of copper. (Pe'an de St. Gilles, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 42. 24.) 
 
 II.) Yellow salt. Insoluble in water. Easily 
 Cu 2 0, S 2 ; Cu 0, S 0, + 5Aq soluble .in sulphu- 
 rous and acetic 
 
 acids. It is also dissolved, especially when re- 
 cently prepared and still moist, in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the oxysalts of copper. When boiled with 
 pure water it is decomposed in an irregular man- 
 ner, but when boiled with water which contains a 
 little sulphurous acid it is rapidly converted into 
 the red salt (No. I.). Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and in chlorhydric acid with decomposition. 
 (Pe'an de St. Gilles, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 42. 
 25.) 
 
 SULPHITE of dinoxide Sf of protoxide OF COP- 
 2 (Cu 2 O, 8 2 ) ; Cu 0, S O 2 ; K O, S 2 + 6 Aq PER 
 
 & OF 
 POTASH. Insoluble in water, and in weak acids. 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF COPPER & OF MER- 
 Cu 0, S 2 ; Hg O, S 2 CURY. Soluble in water 
 
 SULPHITE OF DUMASIN & OF SODIUM. Read- 
 
 C, 2 H 9 Na O 2 , 2 S O 2 + 6 Aq ily soluble in water. 
 Decomposed at once 
 by boiling water. (Fittig.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) acid. Vid. Ethyl Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 II.) normal. Very sparingly soluble, with 
 (Ethyl Sulphite of Ethyl.) decomposition, in water. 
 U 4 H 6 0, a 0, Soluble in all proportions 
 
 in alcohol, from which it 
 
 is precipitated on the addition of water. Soluble 
 in ether. (Ebelmen & Bouquet, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 17. 67.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF-ETHYLACETYL SODIUM. Very 
 C, H 9 Na 2 , 2 S 2 + 3 Aq soluble in water. (Fit- 
 tig-) 
 
 SULPHITE OF GLUCINA. Hydrate of glucina 
 G1 2 O 3 , 3 S O 2 is readily soluble in cold sulphurous 
 acid, and this solution does not be- 
 come troubled when boiled. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 7. pp. 75-83.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF GLYOXAL AMMONIUM. Easily 
 C 4 H 12 N 2 S 4 16 = C 4 H, 0," ) Q 4) 4 s o a _j_ 2 Aq solu- 
 
 " C 4 (N H 4 ) 2 4 , 4 S 2 + 2* Aq "(of Debus) ^ * e 
 
 i n 
 
 water, especially if it be hot. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Debus, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 20.) 
 The aqueous solution is partially decomposed by 
 long-continued boiling. 
 
 SULPHITE OF GLYOXALBARIUM. Very dif- 
 
 in all proportions, the solu- j c H Ba 2 s * ~ c H z g|" I 4 , 4 S 2 + 7 Aq fi cult- 
 composed by alcohol. (Pe'an de St. GiHes, Ann. 
 
 Ch. etPhys., (3.) 42. 40.) 
 
 SULPHITE of dinoxide OF COPPER & OF POT- 
 ASH. 
 
 I.) Decomposed by long continued washing 
 Cu 2 0, S 2 ; 2 (K 0, S 2 ) with water. (Chevreul.) 
 
 II.) Soon decomposes in the air. 
 Cu 2 0, 8 O, ; 8 (K 0, S O 2 ) + 16 Aq 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF COPPER & OF POT- 
 ASH. Insoluble in water. 
 
 SULPHITE of dinoxide OF COPPER & OF SODA. 
 Cu 2 0, S0 2 ; 5 (Na 0, S 2 ) +38 Aq Soluble in wa- 
 ter. When 
 
 added to the aqueous solution, alcohol precipitates 
 a sirupy layer of the salt. (Muspratt.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CUMOYL(" Cumyl ")AMMO- 
 NIUM. Soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CUMOYLPOTASSIUM. Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in water containing a 
 small quantity of a bisulphite ; but insoluble in 
 concentrated solutions of the alkaline bisulphites. 
 (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CUMOYLSODIUM. Insoluble in 
 
 C 20 H n Na 2 , 2 S 2 + 4 Aq cold, decomposed by 
 
 boiling water. (Trapp.) 
 
 Soluble in hot, less soluble in cold, very dilute 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Soluble in a very 
 dilute aqueous solution of bisulphite of soda, but 
 the solution is very readily decomposed when 
 boiled. Insoluble in concentrated solutions. (Ber- 
 tagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF DIDYMIUM. Insoluble in wa- 
 Di 0, S 2 + 2 Aq ter. Soluble in a cold aqueous 
 solution of sulphurous acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the application 
 of heat, redissolving on cooling. (Marignac, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. 167.) 
 
 n ble 
 
 in cold, tolerably easily soluble in boiling water. 
 (Debus, loc. cit.) 
 SULPHITE OF GLYOXALSODIUM. Easily sol- 
 
 " C 4 Na 2 4 . 4 S 2 + 6 Aq"(of Debus) 
 
 n 
 
 W 9. 
 
 ter. Soluble in dilute, but insoluble in absolule 
 alcohol. (Delus, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHITE or GOLD & OF POTASH. Known 
 only in aqueous solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF GOLD & OF SODA. Soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHITE OF HARMALIN. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SULPHITE OF HARMIN. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SULPHITE OF IRIDIUM & OF POTASH. Spar- 
 Ir 0, 2 S 2 ; 3 (K 0, S 2 ), &. + 6 Aq ingly soluble in 
 
 water. Readily 
 
 soluble in chlorhydric acid. More soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash than in water. 
 (Claus.) 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF IRON. Exceedingly 
 Fe 0, S O 2 + 3 Aq easily decomposed when ex- 
 posed to the air. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. Easily soluble in sulphurous 
 acid. (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 8.351.) Insoluble in alcohol. (Koane.) 
 
 SULPHITE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Decomposes in the air to sulphate. Very 
 
 Fe 2 3 , S 0, + 6 or 7 Aq sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 Soluble in dilute acids. 
 
 After having once become dry, it is no longer 
 soluble in water, and is permanent in the air. 
 (Kcene.) Sparingly soluble in cold, easily sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in warm sulphurous 
 acid. (Koene.) 
 
652 
 
 SULPHITES. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble compounds as basic as 
 Fe 2 O 3 , 2 S 2 may be obtained. (Urdway, Am. 
 J. ScL, 1858, (2.) 26. 202.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHITE or IRON & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) Ppt. 
 Fe 2 O 3 , S O 2 ; K 0, 2 S 0, 
 
 II.) Ppt. 
 Fe 2 3 , S 2 ; 2 (K 0, S 2 ) + 5 Aq 
 
 SULPHITE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 PbO, S 0, Decomposed by chlorbydric, sulphuric, 
 and nitric acids. Sparingly soluble in 
 sulphurous acid. 
 
 Far more insoluble than the sulphate ; indeed 
 it is one of the most insoluble salts known. 
 (Gregory, Rep. Br. Assoc., 1850, p. 55.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF LIME. Slowly effloresces. Sol- 
 Ca 0, S 2 + 2 Aq uble in 800 pts. of cold water ; 
 100 pts. of water dissolving 
 0.125 pt. of it. (Berzelias.) Readily soluble in 
 sulphurous acid, forming bisulphite of lime, which 
 is slowly efflorescent, and much more soluble in 
 water. (Schubarth, Tech.) Scarcely more solu- 
 ble in water than the sulphate ; it dissolves in 
 tolerably large quantity in sulphurous acid, but 
 on boiling this solution it separates out again for 
 the most part. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 7. 75.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water. In- 
 Li 0, S O 2 + 6 Aq soluble in alcohol. Soluble in 
 sulphurous acid. 
 
 SULPHITE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Decomposes in the air. Difficultly 
 Mg 0, S O 2 + 3 Aq & 6 Aq soluble in water. ( Mus- 
 pratt.) Soluble in sul- 
 phurous acid. Soluble in water, from which it is 
 precipitated by spirit of wine. Decomposed by 
 vinegar and other acids. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 
 442.) 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. Soluble in 20 pts. of 
 MgO,2S0 2 water at 16, and in far less boiling 
 water. (Fourcroy & Vauquelin.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF MANGANESE. Permanent. Spar- 
 Mn 0, S 2 + 2 Aq ingly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 thier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 7. 78.) Although difficultly soluble in water, it 
 crystallizes out only after the lapse of some time, 
 resembling in this respect ordinary phosphate of 
 ammonia and magnesia. (Heeren, Pogg. Ann., 
 1826, 7. 63 [note].) Insoluble in water, or alco- 
 hol. (John.) Or in ether. (Muspratt.) Easily 
 soluble in sulphurous acid. (Berthier, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) hi. Tolerably easily soluble in water. 
 HgO, 2 S 0. + Aq (Wicke, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 95. 176.) 
 
 II.) basic. Decomposed when boiled with wa- 
 Hg O, S O 2 + 2 Hg 0, S 0, ter. Soluble in great 
 
 (in varying proportions) part in aqueous solu- 
 
 tions of the alkaline sul- 
 phites, with partial decomposition ; also soluble in 
 solutions of the alkaline cyanides, and in cold 
 chlorhydric acid. (Pe'an de St. Gilles, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 36. 84.) 
 
 III.) Consists, according to Pe'an de St. Gilles 
 2 Hg 2 0, 3 S 0, ; 3 Hg 0,4 S 2 (loc. cit., p. 82), of a 
 (of Rammelsberg) mixture of Hg 2 O, 
 
 SO 3 &HgO, S O 2 . 
 
 SULPHITE OF MERCURY & OF POTASH. 
 
 Hg 0, S O 2 ; K 0, S 2 + Aq Sparingly soluble in 
 
 cold, decomposed by 
 
 boiling water. (Pe'an de St. Gilles, loc. cit., pp. 
 90, 93^ 
 
 SULPHITE OF MERCURY & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) More soluble in water than the correspond- 
 Hg 0, S 2 ; NaO, S 2 -f Aq ing potash salt. De- 
 composed by boiling 
 water. (Idem, loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) Much more soluble in water than the pre- 
 2 (Hg 0, S 2 ) ; Na 0, S 2 + Aq ceding salt (No. I.). 
 Decomposed by 
 boiling water. (Idem, loc. cit., pp. 90, 94..) 
 
 SULPHITE OF MESITYLAMMONIUM, &c. Vid. 
 Sulphite of AcetoneAmmonium, &c. 
 
 SULPHITE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble 
 Ni 0, S0 2 -r- 4 Aq & 6 Aq in sulphurous acid, and, 
 with decomposition, in 
 chlorhydric acid. (Muspratt.) 
 
 II.) [?] "basic." Partially soluble in water, 
 becoming more and more basic when washed with 
 water. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 79.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITRIC OXIDE & POTASH. 
 N 2 , K 0, S 2 Easily soluble in water, but the 
 solution decomposes on standing. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Pelouze.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITRIC OXIDE & SODA. Re- 
 N0 2 , NaO,S0 2 semhles the corresponding pot- 
 ash compound, but is more solu- 
 ble in water. (Pelouze.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITROBENZOICYL(" Benzoyl") 
 
 C 14 H u N 2 S 2 18 = C 14 H 4 (N O 4 ) ) AMMONIUM. 
 
 N H 4 ^ Readily soluble 
 
 2 , 2 S 2 + 3 Aq in cold, decom- 
 
 posed by boiling 
 
 water. Very sparingly soluble in cold, easily 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. Very abundantly sol- 
 uble in a hot, less soluble in cold aqueous solu- 
 tion of bisulphite of ammonia. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITROBENZOICYLSODIUM. Ef- 
 C u H 4 (N 4 ) i florescent. Spar- 
 
 Na} 2 ingly soluble m 
 
 cold, readily solu- 
 ble in boiling water. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of sulphite of soda. Insoluble in cold 
 alcohol. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITROHARMALIN. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold water, and even more diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water acidulated with sulphurous 
 acid. 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITROSALICOYL(" Salicyl") 
 AMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITROSALICOYLPOTASSIUM. 
 More soluble than the corresponding sodium 
 compound. 
 
 SULPHITE OF NITROSALICOYLSODIUM. Sol- 
 uble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Bertag- 
 nini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CENANTHOYLAMMONIUM. Spar- 
 
 C 14 H ]3 (N H 4 ) 2 , 2 S 2 in l v soluble in- water. 
 
 Slowly decomposed by 
 
 cold water, but quickly by hot water and by 
 acids. Sparingly soluble in cold, somewhat more 
 soluble in hot alcohol. (Bertagnini ; Tilley.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF (ENANTHOYLPOTASSIUM. Sol- 
 uble in a warm aqueous solution of bisulphite of 
 potash, and in alcohol. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF CENANTHOYLSODIUM. Read- 
 
 C 14 H 13 Na 2 , 2 S 2 + 4 Aq ily soluble in cold, and 
 
 very soluble, without 
 
 alteration, in warm water. Almost insoluble 
 in cold, readily soluble in warm alcohol. (Ber- 
 tagnini.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of bi- 
 sulphite of soda. (Bouis.) 
 
SULPHITES. 
 
 653 
 
 SULPHITE OF OSMIUM & OF POTASH. Spar- | 
 Os 0, 2 S 2 ; 3 (K 0, S O 2 ) + 5 Aq ingly soluble in 
 water. (Claus.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF PICOLIN. Soluble in all pro- 
 portions in water. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 /^'SULPHITE OF PLATIN(OUS)/>AMIN. Easily 
 XT S TT u t n a a n soluble in water, from which 
 
 .Wo \ il * t U ft & V* ". . il_ J 
 
 2 1 it is precipitated on the ad- 
 
 dition of alcohol. Not pre- 
 cipitated by caustic alkalies or soluble metallic 
 sulphides. (Liebig, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 23. 23 ; 
 Bceckmann, Ibid., 42. 316 (note).) 
 
 SULPHITE OF PLATIN(OUS)&/AMIN & OF PLA- 
 TIN(OUS)AMMONIUM. 
 
 I. ) Scarcely at all soluble in cold water. Solu- 
 N j ** . 0, S 2 5 N 2 j H 6 . Pt 0, S 2 +2 Aq J^ in 
 
 of boil- 
 ing water. (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 61. 
 181.) 
 II.) Insoluble in cold, very sparingly soluble 
 
 2 (N JS?.0,S0 2 );N 2 5** 8 .0,HO,2S0 2 !" boil " 
 V IPt V *< " ing wa- 
 
 ter. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. (Peyrone, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 61. 178.) 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF PLATINUM. Known 
 only in aqueous solution, and in combination. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHITE of binoxide OF PLATINUM. Easily 
 
 Pt0 2 ,2SO 2 soluble in water, and alcohol. It is 
 
 not decomposed either by chlorhydric 
 
 or sulphuric acid. (Dcebereiner.) With alkaline 
 
 sulphites it forms double salts. 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF PLATINUM & OF Po- 
 PtO,2S0 2 ; 3(KO, SO.j)-l-2iAq TASSIDM. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of sulphite of potash. 
 
 SULPHITE OF PLATINUM & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Tolerably easily soluble in water. (Litton 
 Pt 0, S 2 ; Na 0, S 2 + Aq & Schnedermann. ) In- 
 soluble in a solution 
 of chloride of sodium. 
 
 II.) Slightly soluble in cold, somewhat more 
 PtO, S0 2 ;3(NaO,S0 2 ) soluble in hot water. Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of cyanide of potassium, and in boiling so- 
 lutions of the sulphides of ammonium and of 
 potassium. Insoluble in alcohol, or in solutions 
 of the chlorides of sodium, ammonium, or barium, 
 or of nitrate of silver. Other salts do not inter- 
 fere with its solubility in water. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in acids. Not decomposed by 
 boiling aqueous solutions of caustic potash and 
 soda. (Litton & Schnedermann.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 K 0, S0 2 + 2Aq ter. Very sparingly soluble in 
 alcohol. Alcohol precipitates it 
 from the aqueous solution. (Muspratt.) Solu- 
 ble in 1 pt. of cold, and in much less hot water. 
 (Fourcroy.) Much less soluble than the sulphites 
 of soda or of ammonia. (Pe'an de St. Gilles, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 36. 83.) Insoluble in commer- 
 cial acetate of ethyl. (Casaseca, C. R., 1850, 30. 
 821.) 
 
 II.) bi. 
 
 a anhydrous. Permanent. Slowly soluble in 
 K 0, 2 S O 2 water. Very sparingly soluble in al- 
 cohol. Insoluble in ether. (Mus- 
 pratt.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Insoluble in absolute alcohol. 
 K 0, H 0, 2 S 2 
 
 SULPHITE OF POTASH & OF RUTHENIUM. 
 K 0, S 2 ; Ru 0, S Oa Sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Claus.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF POTASH & OP SILVER. 
 
 SULPHITE OF PROPIONAMMONIUM. Very 
 soluble in water. (Limpricht, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 94. 328.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF PROPIONPOTASSIUM. Insolu- 
 C 10 H 9 K O 2 , 2 S 2 + 3 Aq ble, or very sparingly 
 soluble, in an aqueous 
 solution of bisulphite of potash. (Idem.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF PKOPIONSODIUM. Insoluble, 
 C 10 H 9 Na 2 , 2 S 2 + 3 Aq or very sparingly solu- 
 ble, in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of bisulphite of soda. (Idem.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF RUTOYL(" Rutyl".) AMMONIUM. 
 
 C 20 H 10 (N H 4 ) 2 , 2 S O s + 4 Aq Soluble in water, 
 
 but the solution is 
 
 easily decomposed. Soluble in warm spirit. More 
 soluble in cold alcohol than the sulphite of cenan- 
 thoylammonium. (Bertagnini.) Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. Readily soluble in boiling alcohol. (Wag- 
 ner.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF RUTOYLPOTASSIUM. Toler- 
 ably soluble in boiling, less soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF RUTOYLSODIUM. Soluble in 
 boiling alcohol. 
 
 SULPHITE OF SALICOYL(" Salicyl ")AMMO- 
 NIUM. Soluble in warm, less soluble in cold 
 water. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF SALICOTLPOTASSIUM. Readily 
 CnHjKO^, 2S0 2 + 2 Aq soluble in cold, decom- 
 posed by boiling water. 
 
 Easily soluble in warm, less soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. Decomposed by acids, and by alkaline solu- 
 tions. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF SALICOYLSODIUM. Readily 
 C u H 5 Na 4 , 2 S 2 -f Aq soluble in water. Solu- 
 ble, with partial decom- 
 position, in boiling alcohol. Soluble in warm 
 hydride of salicyl. (Bertagnini.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF SILVER. Permanent. Very 
 Ag 0, S O 2 slightly soluble in water. (Muspratt.) 
 Insoluble in water, and almost insolu- 
 ble in sulphurous acid. It is not decomposed by 
 acetic acid, but the strong acids expel sulphurous 
 acid from it. Easily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 Decomposed when boiled with water, or heated to 
 100 in the air. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 7. 82.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 alkaline sulphites, forming double salts which 
 easily decompose. 
 
 Readily soluble, with decomposition, in aqueous 
 solutions of the soluble hyposulphites. (Herschel, 
 Edin. Phil. Journ., 1819,"l. 397.) 
 SULPHITE OF SILVER & OF SODA. 
 SULPHITE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. Efflorescent. Soluble in 4 pts. of 
 Na 0, S 2 + 8 Aq water at 15, with reduction of 
 temperature (Dumas), and in 
 less than 1 pt. of boiling water. (Fourcroy.) 
 Its maximum solubility is at 33 ; it being less 
 soluble at higher temperatures. (Mitscherlieh.) 
 Soluble in about 7.07 pts. of water at 
 " 3.49 20 
 
 " 2.02 " 40 
 
 (Kremers, Pogy. Ann., 99. 50.) 
 Much more soluble than sulphite of potash. 
 
654 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATES. 
 
 (Pe'an de St. Gilles, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 36. 
 83.) Insoluble in commercial acetate of ethyl. 
 (Casaseca, C. R., 1850, 30. 821.) Insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) hi. Tolerably easily soluble in water. 
 NaO, 2 S0 2 + 10 Aq Less soluble in water than 
 bicarbonate of soda. Insol- 
 uble in weak alcohol. 
 
 SULPHITE OF STRONTIA. Slowly decomposes 
 Sr 0, S 2 when exposed to the air. Scarcely at 
 all soluble in water. Soluble in sul- 
 phurous acid. (Muspratt.) Almost insoluble in 
 water. Very sparingly soluble in sulphurous acid. 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 75.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF SULPHIDE OF ETHYL. Insol- 
 (Sulphite ofSulphEthyl. tible in water. Easily 
 
 Hyposulphite of Ethylene.) so ] u bl e in alcohol, and 
 C HS S> S 2 ether. 
 
 SULPHITE OF TELLURMETHYL. 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I. ) Soluble in water. [ Y.] 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. Decomposed by boiling with 
 water. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 81.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF TOLUIDIN. 
 
 SULPHITE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Insolu- 
 2 Ur 0, S O s + 2 Aq ble in water. Readily soluble 
 in acids. Easily soluble in 
 sulphurous acid, but is reprecipiiated as the solu- 
 tion is evaporated. (Rammelsberg.) The sul- 
 phurous acid solution rapidly oxidizes when ex- 
 posed to the air. (A. Girard, C. R., 34. 22.) 
 
 SULPHITE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I ) normal. Permanent. Insoluble in water. 
 
 Ur 2 s , S Oj + 3 Aqor4 Aq (Muspratt.) Soluble 
 
 both in aqueous and 
 
 alcoholic solutions of sulphurous acid, from which 
 solutions it is precipitated on boiling. (A. Gi- 
 rard, C. R., 1852, 34. 23.) 
 
 II.) basic, granular. Precipitated on boiling a 
 solution of carbonate of ammonia and of uranium 
 in sulphurous acid, or on boiling a mixture of 
 sulphite of ammonia and a salt of uranium, but 
 is not precipitated in the cold. (Berthier, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 76 ; compare Girard, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF VALEROYL(" Valeryl ")AMMO- 
 C 10 II. (N H 4 ) 2 , 2 S 2 NIDM . 
 
 SULPHITE OF VALEROYLSODIUM. Sparingly 
 
 C ]0 H 9 Na 2 , 2 S 2 + 3 Aq soluble in cold water, 
 
 more readily soluble in 
 
 water at 70 <w 80, but is decomposed at higher 
 temperatures. Almost insoluble in anhydrous 
 alcohol, and in ether. (Parkinson.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water, 
 Y 0, S 2 Sparingly soluble in sulphurous acid. 
 (Berlin.) Hydrate, or carbonate, of 
 yttria is soluble in sulphurous acid, but if this 
 solution is boiled the yttria is completely precipi- 
 tated as a subsulphite, which is entirely insoluble 
 in water, but soluble in sulphurous acid. (Ber- 
 thier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 75.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF ZINC. Sparingly soluble in 
 Zn 0, S 0, + 2 Aq water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Fourcroy & Vauquelin.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 8. 350.) Easily soluble in sul- 
 phurous acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Oxide of zinc 
 is soluble in sulphurous acid, and if this solution 
 is boiled it deposits a "sub "sulphite of zinc, 
 which appears to decompose, and become less and 
 less soluble when the ebullition is long continued. 
 But solutions of the salts of zinc are not precipi- 
 
 C 14 H 7 N S 2 8 = N 
 
 tated on the addition of sulphite of ammonia, 
 even on boiling. (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 7.81.) 
 
 SULPHITE OF ZIRCONIA, 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. Slightly soluble 
 Zr 2 8 , 3 S 2 in sulphurous acid, from which it is 
 reprecipitated when the solution is 
 boiled. [Compare Oxide of Zirconium(hydrated).] 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of sulphite of am- 
 monia, from which hydrate of zirconia is precipi- 
 tated on boiling. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SuLPHoAMYLOLic ACID. Vid. AmylSulphu- 
 rous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoBENZAMic ACID. Scarcely at all 
 < 2 ' S* <V< . Q| H soluble 
 
 more 
 
 soluble in boiling water ; more readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 SULPHOBENZAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 SULPHOBENZAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 14 H 6 Ba N S 2 8 + 4 Aq water. 
 
 SULPHOBENZAMATE OF ETHYL. Easily sol- 
 
 c i H e ( c * H ) N S 2 s "Me i" not alcohol, and 
 ether ; less soluble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 SULPHOBENZAMATE OF SILVER. Tolerably 
 C u H B Ag N S 2 O g + 2 Aq easily soluble in hot water. 
 
 " SuLPHoBENZAMiD." Vid.^ SulphoBenzoyl- 
 amid. 
 
 SULPHOBENZAMID. Nearly insoluble in cold, 
 (Sulpha Benzoylamide.') easily 
 
 C u H 8 N 2 S 2 8 = N, { " H * < S > * ) " & + 2 Aq solu- 
 
 ble in 
 
 hot water. Sparingly soluble in cold alcohol ; 
 readily soluble in hot alcohol, either hydrated or 
 anhydrous. (Limpricht & v. Uslar, Ann. Ch. . 
 Pltarm., 102. 253.) 
 
 . Vid. oVPhenylSulpho- 
 Benzoylfoamid. 
 
 SuLPHoBENZENE. Vid. SulphoBenzid. 
 
 . Very sparingly soluble in 
 (KulphoHcnzole. SulphoBeitzen. P/ienyl- water. Sol- 
 thionoxyde. Phenylide ofSulphoPhenyl.) uble in al- 
 Cj4H 10 S 2 4 = 12 jj-, 2 jj 4 j cohol, and 
 
 ether. Sol- 
 uble in somewhat concentrated acids, from which 
 it is precipitated on the addition of water. Insol- 
 uble in aqueous solutions of the alkalies. (Mit- 
 scherlich.) 
 
 Scarcely at all soluble in water. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, more readily soluble in hot spirit. 
 Soluble, without decomposition, in warm dilute ni- 
 tric acid ; decomposed by concentrated nitric acid. 
 Insoluble in hot dilute nitric acid. Soluble in 
 warm dilute sulphuric acid, separating out again 
 unchanged as the solution cools. Soluble, with 
 decomposition, in warm concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Gericke, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1OO. 207.) 
 
 SuLPHoBENZioic ACID. Vid. PhenylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoBENZoic ACID. Deliquesces in moist 
 C M H 6 S 2 10 = U U H 1 2 '' ) 2HO,2S0 3 air. Solu- 
 ble in water. 
 (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. (Mitscher- 
 C t4 H 4 Ba, S 2 10 lich; Fehling.) 
 
SULPHOCAMPHORATES. 
 
 655 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in 20 pfs. ofl 
 U 14 H 5 Ba S 2 10 + 3 Aq water at 20 ; more soluble 
 in warm water. (Mitscher- 
 lich.) 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF COBALT. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in all proportions in water; 
 C 14 H 4 (C 4 H s ) 2 S 2 0,o the solution undergoing de- 
 composition when boiled. 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Limpricht & v. Uslar, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 102. 252.) 
 
 II.) mono. Vid. EthylSulphoBenzoic Acid. 
 C 14 H. (C 4 H 5 ) S 2 0, 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF LEAD. Readily soluble 
 
 C, 4 H 4 Pb 2 S 2 0,o + 4 Aq in hot, sparingly soluble 
 
 in cold water. (Fehling.) 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF LIME. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquesces in moist air. 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF SILVER. Readily sol- 
 C, 4 H 4 Ag, s, o in + 2 Aq uble in water. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF SODA. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOATE OF ZINC. 
 
 SuLPHoBENzoENio ACID. Vid. Toluenyl- 
 Sulphurous Acid. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOL. Vid. SulphoBenzid ; and 
 also Sulphide of Benzol. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOLIC ACID. Vid. PhenylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 ZttSuLPHOBENZOLIC AdD. 
 (Bi TMoBemolic Acid.) 
 C, 2 H S 4 0,2 
 
 .B/SuLPHoBENzoLATE OF BARYTA. Very 
 
 C, 2 H 4 Ba s S 4 0,2 readily soluble in water, from 
 
 which it is precipitated on the 
 
 addition of alcohol. (Buckton & Hofmann, J. 
 
 Ch. Soc., 9. 256.) 
 
 SnLPHoBENZoViNic ACID. Vid. EthylSul- 
 phoBenzoic Acid. 
 
 SULPHOBISMUTHATE OF X. Vid. Sulphide 
 
 of Bismuth and of X. 
 
 " SULPHOBENZOYLAMID. Vid. SulphoBenza- 
 mid. 
 
 SULPHOBENZOYLAMID. Soluble in boiling 
 
 (SulpkoBeniamid.) Water. 
 
 SuLPHoBROMoBENZOLicAciD. Vid. Bromo- 
 PhenylSulphurous Acid. 
 
 SULPHOBROMONAPHTHALIC A C I . Vid. 
 
 BromoSulphoNaphthalic Acid. 
 
 SULPHOBROMOSALICYLOUS AdD. Vid. Sul- 
 
 phide of BromoSalicene. 
 
 SuLPHoBuTYLic ACID. Vid. ButylSulphuric 
 Acid. 
 
 SULPHOBUTYRIC AdD. 
 C 8 H 8 S 2 10 = C 8 H 8 S, 8 , 2 HO 
 
 SULPHOBUTYRATE OF BARYTA. Very readily 
 
 C s H 6 Baj S a 10 soluble in water ; somewhat less 
 
 soluble in alcohol. (Buckton & 
 
 Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 9. 253.) 
 
 SuLpHoCACODYLic ACID. Not isolated. 
 C 4 H 7 As S 4 
 
 SULPHOCACODYLATE OF ANTIMONY. May 
 
 C, 2 H, 8 As 3 Sb 8,2 be washed with alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCACODYLATE OF BlSMUTH. Per- 
 
 C 12 H 18 As s Bi S,j manent. Insoluble in water. 
 Scarcely at all soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. 
 
 SULPHOCACODYLATE OF CACODYL. Vid. Bi- 
 Sulphide of Cacodyl. 
 
 SULPHOCACODYLATE op COPPER. Insoluble 
 C 4 H 9 Cu As S 4 in water, alcohol, ether, or dilute 
 
 acids. 
 
 SULPHOCACODYLATE OF GOLD. Insoluble in 
 C 4 H 6 AU As S 4 water, alcohol, ether, or chlorhy- 
 
 dric acid. (Bunsen.) 
 
 SULPHOCACODYLATE OF LEAD. Permanent. 
 C 4 H 6 Pb As S 4 Insoluble in water, and nearly in- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SuLPHoCAMFHic ACID. Vid. ThymylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoCAMPHORic ACID. Extremely solu- 
 
 C, R H 1B S 2 12 = C, 8 H, 4 O 4 , ble in water; the anhy- 
 
 2 H 0, 2 S 0, & + 4 Aq drous acid dissolving 
 
 even more rapidly than 
 
 the hydrated. Very soluble in alcohol, either ordi- 
 nary or absolute. Soluble in ether. Insoluble in 
 cold, very sparingly soluble in warm oil of tur- 
 pentine. Insoluble in bisulphide of carbon, either 
 hot or cold. Slowly soluble in cold, readily solu- 
 ble, without decomposition, in boiling nitric acid. 
 Soluble in cold nitrous-nitric acid. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, somewhat more soluble in hot 
 chlorhydric acid. Sparingly soluble in cold con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, but dissolves readily 
 when this is gently warmed, decomposing when 
 strongly heated. (Walter, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 9. 186.) All of the salts of sulphocamphoric 
 acid are soluble. 
 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF AMMONIA. Very 
 
 c is H u (N H 4 ), S 2 0,2 -r 2 Aq soluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Walter, loc. cit., p. 191.) 
 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF BARYTA. Very sol- 
 C 18 H 14 Ba 2 8,0,, uble in water. Sparingly soluble 
 in alcohol. (Walter, loc. cit., p. 
 195.) 
 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF BARYTA & OF COP- 
 C, 8 H 14 Ba Cu Sj 0,j PER. Soluble in cold water, 
 the solution undergoing de- 
 composition when heated. 
 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF COPPER. Soluble 
 C, 8 H 14 Cu g S 2 0,, + 4 Aq in water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Walter, loc. cit., 
 p. 198.) 
 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 C^H^Pb. S, 0,, water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Walter, loc. cit., p. 197.) 
 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 C, 8 H, 4 Ca, S, 0, s water ; less soluble in alcohol. ,-jj 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF POTASH. Very sol- 
 C 18 H, 4 K 2 S a 12 uble in water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in ordinary alcohol ; and still 
 less soluble in absolute alcohol. Very sparingly 
 soluble in ether. (Walter, loc. cit., p. 190.) 
 
 SULPHOCAMPHORATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 C I8 H, 4 Ag 2 S, 0,2 water, though less so than any 
 of the other sulphocamphorates. 
 Sparingly soluble in cold, and a little more solu- 
 ble in warm alcohol. (Walter, loc. cit., p. 198.) 
 
 SuLPHoCAPRYLic ACID. Vid. CaprylSul- 
 phuric Acid. 
 
656 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATES. 
 
 SuLpnoCARBAMic ACID. Known only in 
 
 ( Sulphide of Hydrogen if of Sulpha Carbarn- a q U C US 
 
 mnnitim. Hydro Thio Sulpho Cyanic Acid, solutions 
 HydruTliioSulpkoPrussic Acid. ,. , 
 
 r 1 1 Q it in wnicii i 
 
 C 2 H 3 N S 4 = N J * . S, H S quickly de 
 
 composes 
 (Zeise.) 
 
 Its salts were called sulphocyanhydrates by Ber 
 zelius. 
 
 SCLPHOCARBAMATE OF AMMONIA. DeliqueS- 
 
 C 2 H 2 (NH 4 )NS 4 cent. Somewhat abundantly 
 soluble in water. Very slow- 
 ly soluble in cold, more quickly in warm alco- 
 hol ; still more slowly soluble in ether, and not at 
 all soluble in naphtha. (Zeise.) 
 
 " SULPHOCARBAMATE OF AMYL." Vid. 
 
 Xanthamylamid. 
 
 StJLPHoCARBAMATE OF BARIUM. Soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF CALCIUM. Soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and water. 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF COPPER. Insoluble 
 in cold water, and in alcohol. Slowly decom- 
 posed by boiling water. 
 
 " SULPHOCARBAMATE OF ETHYL." Vid. Hy- 
 drate of SuIphoCarbonylEthylammonium. 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF IRON. Ppt. Soon 
 
 decomposed in contact with water. 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF LEAD. Ppt., which 
 Cj H, Pb N S 4 soon decomposes. While recently 
 precipitated, it is soluble in a solu- 
 tion of nitrate of lead. 
 
 Soluble in water. (Laurent, Method., p. 250.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF MERCURY. Ppt., 
 soon decomposing. 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble 
 C.,H 2 KNS 4 in water, and in alcohol. When in 
 aqueous solution the salt is decom- 
 posed at a temperature below the boiling point. 
 In the alcoholic solution decomposition occurs 
 after standing for several days. (Zeise, Schw., 
 41. 192.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 Soluble in water. (Laurent, Method., p. 250.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBAMATE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 
 SuLPHoCARBANiLiD. Vid. cfrPhenylSnlpho- 
 Carbamid. 
 
 SuLPHoCARBoMETHYLic ACID. Vid. Oxy- 
 SulphoCarbonate of Methyl. 
 
 SULPHOCARBOMETHYLIC ETHER. Vid. Oxy- 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of Methyl. 
 
 SuLPHoCARBoNAPHTHALiD. Vid. diNaph- 
 thylSulphoCarbatnid. 
 
 " D/SuLPHoCARBONic ACID." Vid. OxySul- 
 phoCarbonic Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoCARBONic ACID. Not sensibly solu- 
 ( Bisulphide of Carbon. ble in water. Misci- 
 
 Sulphideof Sulpho Carbonyl.) b j e j n a] , proportions 
 
 2 S * ' Ss ~ with alcohol, ether, 
 
 liquid carbonic acid, caoutchin, and many other 
 organic liquids. Miscible with oil of turpentine 
 (Lampadius), and the oils generally. 
 
 The vapors of bisulphide of carbon are best ab- 
 sorbed by an alcoholic solution of potash. They 
 are scarcely at all acted upon by an aqueous solu- 
 tion of caustic potash, and are only very slowly 
 absorbed by solutions of sulphate of copper, or 
 acetate of lead, by concentrated sulphuric acid, or a 
 chlorhydric acid solution of dichloride of copper. 
 
 Slowly absorbed, with combination, by bromine. 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 51. 74.) 
 
 The compounds of sulphocarbonic acid (trisul- 
 phocarbonates, or sulphocarbonylsulphates) of 
 
 the formula Mg | C 2 S 4 , with the alkalies, and 
 
 those of some of the earths are soluble in water, 
 the others being insoluble, and the solutions, when 
 concentrated, are tolerably permanent in the air, 
 but when dilute they are rapidly decomposed. 
 The salts not soluble in water are soluble in alka- 
 line solutions. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF AMMONIUM. Deli- 
 N H 4 S, C S 2 quescent. Readily soluble, with de- 
 composition, in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol. Almost insoluble in ether. 
 (Zeise.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL. 
 
 ( TerSulpho Carbonate of Amyl.) 
 
 "MwoSuLPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL." Vid. 
 
 AmylSulphoCarbonate of Amyl. 
 
 Z)/SULPHOCARBONATE OF AMYL. Vid. Oxy- 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of Amyl. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF BARIUM. Difficultly 
 Ba S, C S 2 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF BISMUTH. Soluble 
 BiS 3 , 3 C S 2 in an aqueous solution of sulphocar- 
 bonate of calcium. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF BROMOMETHYL. In- 
 
 r H n- a _ (C 2 H 2 Br)S ) a soluble in water, 
 
 C 6 H 4 Br 2 S 6 ( C 2 H - Br j g jc 2 S 4 or alcohol. Only 
 
 sparingly soluble 
 
 in ether. (Kolbe's Lehrb., 1. 271.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF CADMIUM. Sparingly 
 Cd S, C 8, soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF CALCIUM. Hygro- 
 Ca S, C S 2 scopic. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 and in water, the solution undergoing 
 decomposition when boiled. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF CERIUM. Appears 
 Ce S, C S 2 to be soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF CHROMIUM. Insolu- 
 Cr 2 S 8 , 3 C S 2 ble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF COBALT. Soluble in 
 CoS, CS 2 water. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF COPPER. Soluble in 
 Cu S, C S 2 a solution of sulphocarbonate of cal- 
 cium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 (TerSulpho Carbonate of Ethyl. 
 Sulpho CarbonylSulphate of Ethyl.) 
 
 I.) Very sparingly soluble in water. Readily 
 _ C 4 H 5 S ( r s soluble in alcohol, and 
 10 "10 s o - c 4 H 5 S i ^ B ether. (Schweitzer.) 
 
 II.) Not isolated. 
 
 (Sulpho Xanthic Acid. 
 
 Ethyl Sulpho Carbonic Acid(of Kolbe).) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL & OF Po- 
 HjSjp g TASSIUM. Soluble in water, and 
 KSJ * alcohol. Decomposes at 100. 
 (Chancel.) 
 
 " 71/onoSuLPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL." Fid. 
 
 EthylSulphoCarbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 Z)/SULPHOCARBONATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Oxy- 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF GLUCINA. Appar- 
 ently soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
SULPHOCINNAMATES. 
 
 657 
 
 SuT.PHOCARBONATE OF GOLD. Ppt. 
 
 Au S 3 , 3 C S 2 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF IRON (Ferrous). Par 
 Fe S, C S 2 tially soluble. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF iRON(jFwfe). Insol 
 
 Fe 2 S 3 . 3CSj uble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 Pb S, C S, 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF LlTHIUM. DeliqUCS- 
 
 LiS, CS.j cent. Easily soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF MAGNESIUM. A pOr- 
 
 Mg S, C S 2 tion of it is easily soluble in water, 
 while the remainder forms a basic salt 
 insoluble in cold water, but soluble, with decom- 
 position, and deposition of carbonate of magnesia, 
 in boiling: water. (Berzelius, Lekrli., 3. 460.) 
 
 SULPHOPARRONATE OF MANGANESE. Spar- 
 
 Mn S, C S 2 ingly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE of (ItSU/jihide OF MfiR- 
 Hg 2 S, CS 2 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 SuLPiioCARBONATE of protosulphide OF MER- 
 HgS,CS 2 CURY. Ppt. Soluble in an aqueous 
 solution of sulphocarbonate of calcium. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF METHYL. Scarcely 
 (Tri Sulpha Carbonate of Methyl. at all soluble in 
 
 Sulpha Carbony I Sulphate of Methyl.) water. Miscihle 
 C 8 H S 6 = p'- n 3 ! ( C 2 S 4 in all proportions 
 
 with alcohol, and 
 ether. (Cahours.) 
 
 " M>noSuLPHoCARBONATE OF METHYL." Vid. 
 
 MethylSulphoCarbonate of Methyl. 
 
 D/SULPHOCARBONATE OF METHYL. Vid. 
 
 OxySulphoCarbonate of Methyl. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF NlCKEL. Soluble in 
 
 NiS, OS 2 water. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF PLATINUM(PI S 2 ). 
 PtSj, 2CS 2 Ppt. Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of sulphocarbonate of calcium. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCAKBONATE OF POTASSIUM. Exeeed- 
 
 K S, C S 2 ingly hygroscopic. Readily soluble in 
 water. * Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 Ag S, C S, an aqueous solution of sulphocarbonate 
 of calcium. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF SODIUM. Deliques- 
 NaS, CS 2 cent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF STRONTIUM. More 
 SrS, C S 2 soluble in water than the barium salt. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE of protosulphide OF TIN. 
 Sn 8, C S, Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE of bisulphide OF TIN. 
 Sn S, 2 C S 2 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF URANIUM. Sparingly 
 Ur s S 3 , C S s soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in 
 Zn 8, C S, water. 
 
 A'SuLPHoCARBONic ACID. Vid. OxySulpho- 
 Carbonic Acid. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONIDIC AdD. 
 (Bin Oxy Sulpha Carbonic Acid. 
 Persulfure de VAtide diSulfoCarbonique.) 
 
 SULPHOCARBONIDATE OF AMYL. Insoluble 
 
 (BinOjnjSulplioCarbnnate of Awyl. j n water Sol- 
 
 Per S ulf l ,r<AyldiSuIf t ,Carbo, q ue.) uble ^ ^ 
 
 (c\cI(<*^<>- hol . 
 
 SuLPHoCARnONIDATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble 
 (BinOrySu/p/iof'arbojiate vf Etkyl. in water Read- 
 
 PerSulfureKthyld.SulphoCarbonique.) n go]uble ; n 
 
 ( C 2 2 S? ! cl ill s' f Gerhardt ') absolute alco- 
 
 r H n c s S 4 i n hol, and in 
 
 teHsS^-^O, eth . r Debug 
 
 2 HS t O a 
 
 SULPHOCARBONIDATE OF METHYL. Soluble 
 (Bin O.ry Sulpha f'arbonate of Metliyl.) in dilute wood- 
 C 4 H 3 S 4 2 = ^ ^(0 2 spirit. (De- 
 
 sains) 
 
 SuLPHoCARBONYLALLYLPHENYL&i'AMID. Vid. 
 
 PhenvlThiosinamin. 
 
 SULPIIOCARBONYLIC AdD. 
 
 (Mono Sulplw Carbonic Acid(of Gerhardt). 
 
 C 2 H 2 S 2 4 = |j I j C 2 4; or C 2 S j J 4 
 
 SULPHOCARBONYLATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Ethyl 
 
 SulphoCarhonic Acid; and EthylSulphoCarbo- 
 nate of Ethyl. 
 
 SULPHOCARBONYLSULPHATE OF X. Vid. 
 
 SulphoCarbonate of X. 
 
 SuLPHoCARBOviNic ACID. Vid. OxySul- 
 ^hoCarbonate of Ethyl. 
 
 SULPHOCEROSATE OF BARYTA. Very Solu- 
 
 jle in water. (Lewy, Ann. Cfi. et Phys., (3.) 13. 
 457.) 
 
 SuLPHoCnLORiDE OF X. Vid. Chloride of X 
 with Sulphide of X. 
 
 SuLPiioCHLORlsATiN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C 16 H 6 CI N S 4 = N \ & H C1 S *" Insolllb , le . Or , ve 7 
 ( H 2 sparingly soluble 
 
 in weak spirit. 
 Insoluble in bisulphide of carbon. (Erdmann.) 
 
 SULPHOCHLORONAPHTHALIC AdD. VI d. 
 
 ChloroSulphoNaphthalic Acid. 
 
 SULPHOCINNAMIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Read- 
 C 18 H 8 S 2 0, = C ]8 n 8 2 ,2HO,2S0 3 ,&+6Aq ily 
 
 sol- 
 
 uble in water, and alcohol. Most of the sulpho- 
 cinnamates are soluble in water. 
 
 SuLPHOClNNAMATE OF AMMONIA & OF BA- 
 RYTA. 
 
 SuLPHOClNNAMATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Almost insoluble in 
 C 18 H fl Ba 2 S 2 10 + 2 Aq water. ( Herzog. ) 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 18 H, Ba S 2 10 + 2 Aq water, and alcohol. ( Her- 
 zog.) 
 
 SuLPHOClNNAMATE OF COPPER. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 SuLPHOClNNAMATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Readily soluble in 
 C 18 H 6 K 2 S 2 10 water. Very difficultly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Herzog.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Very difficultly 
 C, 8 H 7 K S 2 O 10 soluble in alcohol. (Herzog.) 
 
 SuLPHOClNNAMATE OF SlLVER. Easily 8Ol- 
 
 C 18 H Ag 2 S 2 6 uble in hot water, in ammonia- 
 water, and in nitric acid. (Her- 
 zog.) 
 
 SuLPHOClNNAMATE OF ZlNC. 
 
 SuLPiioCiNNAMiD. Insoluble in water. Dif- 
 
 83 
 
658 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDES. 
 
 ficultly soluble in alcohol. Easily soluble in I 
 ether. (Herzog, cited in Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 SULPHOCUMOLIC ACID. Vid. CumenylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 SULPIIOCYANHYDRIC ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 _Cy><, ter, the solution undergoing 
 C s H N b a - H ^ S 2 p art i a ] decomposition when 
 boiled. The saturated aque- 
 ous solution is of 1.022 sp. gr. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 548.) Most 
 of the sulphocyanides are soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF ACONITIN. 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF AMMONIUM. Ea- 
 Cy > ~ sily soluble in water, more difti- 
 I H 4 S, H ^ s 2 cu , tly so i ub i e in alcohol, and still 
 less soluble in ether. The aque- 
 ous solution undergoes decomposition . after a 
 time. (Zeise.) 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF ANILIN. 
 
 N \& HS . H S, Cy S 
 (a 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF AZONAPHTHYL- 
 AMIN. Appears to be readily soluble in water. 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF BEBERIN. 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF BRUCIN. Toler- 
 
 vfr- w n vi H <* TV <? ablv sol bl e in water. 
 N 2 } C.e H M 8 " . H S, Cy S ( Dolfuss j 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATK OF ClNCHONIN. 
 N t J C 40 H M <V . H S, Cy S 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF CODEIN. Somewhat 
 N c CSB H 20 6 " . H S, Cy S + Aq soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF MORPHINE. 
 N j ^34 H 18 6 " . H S, Cy S 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF QUININE. 
 N 2 \ C M H M (V . HS, H S, 2 Cy S 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDRATE OF SINAPIN. Soluble in 
 (Sulpha sinapisin. water, alcohol, and aque- 
 
 Sinapin(of Berzelius).) oug a lk a lj ne solutions. 
 
 N | C 32 II 23 10 . H S, Cy S ( Henry & Garot. ) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, 
 
 readily soluble in boiling water, and spirit. Very 
 sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol. Almost in- 
 soluble in ether. Soluble in ether, bisulphide of 
 carbon, and oil of turpentine. (Simon.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANHYDHATE OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 N 2 1 C 42 H 22 <V- . H S, Cy S Somewhat sparingly 
 (Dolfuss.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALLYL. Sparingly sol- 
 
 ( Essence of Mustard.) uble in water. (Witt- 
 
 C 8 H 5 N S 2 = Ce ?, ( S 2 stock.) Soluble in all 
 
 proportions in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. (Dumas ; Pelouze.) Rectified essence 
 of mustard is soluble in 50 pts. of water ; and very 
 easily soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Wittstein's 
 Handw.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALLYL with SULPHY- 
 
 C H 0\S NH S HS DRATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 Cy ) 2 ' 
 
 SULPHOCTANIDE OF ALLYL with SULPHY- 
 CH K > Q aTiaa.AA DRATE OF BARIUM. 
 
 Cy ] s * * Ba S; u ' Soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALLYL with SULPHY- 
 C 6 H 6 J s . pbSH8 DRATE OF LEAD. Insolu- 
 Cy J *' ble, or very sparingly solu- 
 
 ble, in cold water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALLYL with SULPHY- 
 
 DRATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALLYL with SULPHY- 
 
 CgHgjo v q TT q DRATE OF POTASSIUM. Sol- 
 
 Cy j &2 ' * ! uble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALLYL with SULPHY- 
 
 C H ^ S 2 ; Na S, II S + 6 Aq RA ? F S""""- 
 Cy i ' Soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALLYLAMMONIUM. Vid. 
 Thiosinnamin. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 
 I.) "octahedrons." Permanent. [Soluble in 
 alcohol ?] (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 552.) 
 
 II.) normal. Soluble in water, but the solution 
 
 n AT 11 fy < is decomposed by evapora- 
 - & 
 
 Berztlius's Lehrb.) Solu- 
 ble in water. (Meitzendorff.) 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in a 
 boiling aqueous solution of caustic potash. Only 
 slightly attacked by acids. (Meitzendorff, Poyy. 
 Ann., 1842, 56. 72.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Deliques- 
 
 Cy ) a cent - Soluble in water. 
 
 CgH^jS., = jjyjs, ( Porrett. Phil. Trans.. 181 4, 
 
 p. 553) Less deliques- 
 
 cent than the sodium salt. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 1842, 56. 67.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF SIL- 
 VER. Decomposed by water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF AMMONIUM & OF PLA- 
 
 r w N Pts - <*U - C M< TINUM. Soluble 
 C 6 H 4 N 4 Pt S 8 _ N H ^ S 2 , pt ^ S 4 . n water and a]co _ 
 
 hol. (Buckton.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF AMYL. Miscible in all 
 y ^ proportions with alcohol, 
 
 - 
 
 from these solutions on 
 
 the addition of water, in which it is nearly insolu- 
 ble. (Medlock, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 375.) "Soluble, 
 with slight decomposition, in concentrated sulphu- 
 ric acid ; it is precipitated from this solution on 
 the addition of water. Unacted upon by concen- 
 trated chlorhydric acid, by aqua-regia, or by am- 
 monia-water, either hot or cold. Slightly attacked 
 by a concentrated aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. (O. Henry, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 25. 
 248.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF BARIUM. Deliquescent. 
 
 rett, Phil. 
 
 Trans., 1814, p. 552.) Deliquescent. Easily sol- 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. 
 Ann., 1842, 56. 68.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF BARIUM & OF MERCURY. 
 
 " SULPHOCYANIDE OF BENZOYL." Vid. Hy- 
 C w H B N S 2 drate of SulphoCyanoBenzoyl. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble, or very sparingly solu- 
 
 r R- N s = y? ^ s b ^ e ' ' n water> When re- 
 e s a^Bi"'] 9 cently precipitated, it is de- 
 composed by boiling with 
 
 water, but after having been dried, this decom- 
 position is very difficult. Soluble in sulphocyan- 
 hydric acid, also soluble in nitric and chlorhydric 
 acids. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. pp. 
 83-85.) Sulphocyanide of bismuth appears to 
 
SULPHOCYANIDES. 
 
 659 
 
 be very soluble in water. (Porrett, Phil. Trans. 
 1814, p. 553.) 
 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water, but is decom 
 
 ( O.ry Sulpha Cyanide of Bismuth.) posed, when recent 
 
 Bi'i' | S 6 ; 4 Bi O s -f 4 Aq ly precipitated, by 
 
 washing and boil 
 
 ing with water. After having been dried, this 
 decomposition is very difficult. Insoluble in sul 
 phocyanhydric acid. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann. 
 66. pp. 83, 85.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF CADMIUM. Difficultly 
 
 C Cd N S = Cy ! S 8O ' n bl e m water. Soluble, 
 
 2 = Cd j * with combination, in ammo- 
 
 nia-water. (Meitzendorff, 
 
 Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 81.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF CADMIUMAMMONIUM. 
 
 C 2 H 3 Cd N 2 S 2 
 
 Decomposed by wa- 
 S 2 ter- s , uble j * am _ 
 
 * . 
 
 (Meit- 
 
 moma- water. 
 zendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 82.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF CALCIUM. DeliqUCS- 
 
 cent. Soluble 
 
 alcohol. (Por- 
 
 rett, Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 552.) Very deliques- 
 cent. Easily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Meit/.endorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 71.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF CALCIUM & OF MER- 
 CURY. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE of sesquioxide OF CHRO- 
 MIUM. Very soluble in water. (Porrett, Phil. 
 Trans., 181 4", p. 553.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF COBALT. Appears to 
 
 r rv ni _ c y { De Ver 7 soluble in water. 
 
 N & - Col fe * (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 1814, 
 
 p. 553.) Easily soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol. ( Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 
 1842,56. 77.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF COBALTAMMONIUM. 
 ^.v ) There are two com- 
 
 I.) Crystalline. Deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 II.) Brownish-red powder. Soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 1842, 56. 77.) 
 
 A'SULPHOCYANIDE OF COPPER. Insoluble 
 
 n n , w a CV / a in water, and in most acids. 
 
 v> v>U I\ Jjn - /-, / Oa T-\ 1 
 
 ^ U s ) Decomposed by aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic al- 
 
 kalies. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 552.) In- 
 soluble in water or dilute acids. Very slightly 
 acted upon by cold, soluble in warm concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid ; from this solution dichloride of 
 copper separates out if the acid is not present in 
 excess. Decomposed by warm concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, and by strong nitric acid. Soluble, 
 with combination, in ammonia-water. (Meitzen- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. PP- 86, 87.) Insol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of sulphocyanide of 
 potassium. 
 
 ProtoSuLPHoCYANiDE OF COPPER. Somewhat 
 
 CO N S = Cy ? S soluble- Readily decomposed 
 
 2 ~Cu$ 2 tothedi-salt when in presence 
 
 of water. Very slightly acted 
 
 upon by cold, soluble in warm concentrated chlor- 
 
 hydric acid. Also soluble in warm concentrated 
 
 sulphuric acid, and in strong nitric acid. (Meit- 
 
 zendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 88.) Soluble in 
 
 aqueous solutions of the alkaline sulphocyanides, 
 
 but the solutions thus obtained arc decomposed 
 
 when largely diluted with water. Soluble, with 
 combination, in ammonia-water. 
 
 A'SULPHOCYANIDE OF COPPER with proto- 
 
 c Cu N s c y i< y ?< SULPHOCYANIDE 
 c N S = s * S 
 
 manent. Insolu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of sulphocyanide of 
 potassium. Unacted upon by chlorhydric acid, 
 even when this is hot. Decomposed" by nitric 
 acid. (Hull.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF CUPR(*'C)AMMONIUM. 
 C H fuN s rn y ^ Soluble in a small quan- 
 
 * S V^U JM 2 2 = ^ I H 3 > 2 jjjy Q f wa j er> bu j. j s de . 
 
 composed by much wa- 
 ter, with evolution of ammonia, and separation of a 
 basic salt. Soluble in ammonia-water, from which 
 it is precipitated on the addition of absolute alco- 
 hol. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 93.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF CupR(eos)AMMONiuM. 
 Ibid., p. 88.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 r w w a c .v ^ Q water. Soluble in all pro- 
 
 C 6 H 5 N S 2 = (-, u > S 2 . . . . . r 
 
 ^4 M d 5 portions in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 18. 264.) Quickly decomposed by 
 warm concentrated nitric acid, the statement of 
 Cahours, that it dissolves therein without change, 
 being an error. (Muspratt.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ETHYLENE. Somewhat 
 
 , _ Cy, ) g soluble in boiling, less 
 
 's 4 a 4 c 4 H 4 j soluble in cold water. 
 
 Easily soluble in warm 
 
 alcohol. (H. L. Buff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 
 302.) Very soluble in warm, less soluble in cold 
 alcohol. Soluble in chloride of ethylene. (Son- 
 nenschein.) Miscible with anilin, without decom- 
 position, at temperatures below 100. Very easily 
 soluble, without decomposition, in very dilute 
 nitric acid ; decomposed by strong nitric acid. 
 (Buff, Ibid., 100. 231.) Soluble in ether. 
 
 .fYotoSuLPHoCYANiDE OF GOLD. Soluble in 
 Cy ) ammonia-water. (Grot- 
 * s = Auj s thus.) 
 
 TerSuLPHoCYANiDE OF GOLD. Soluble in an 
 N A s = Cy \ <* aqueous solution of sul- 
 6 s ^ ~~ Au ) "" pbocyanide of potassium, 
 and in ammonia-water. Par- 
 ially decomposed by aqueous solutions of the 
 ixed caustic alkalies. (Grotthus.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF HARMALIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, more soluble in boiling water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF HARMIN. Sparingly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 OF IRON. Very solu- 
 
 Trans., 1814, p. 
 
 553.) Very easily oxidized when exposed to the 
 air. Easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 (Claus, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 99. 48.) 
 
 OF IRON. Deliques- 
 
 water. (Por- 
 
 rett, Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 553.) Soluble in 
 water, and in absolute alcohol, (v. Grotthus.) 
 
 Readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 Ether extracts it from the aqueous solution. When 
 a concentrated aqueous solution is diluted with 
 much water it decomposes, becoming colorless 
 This does not occur when alcohol is substituted 
 
660 
 
 SULrilOCYANIDES. 
 
 for the water. The color of the solution is de- 
 stroyed on the addition of alkalies, or of salts 
 which have an alkaline reaction. The aqueous 
 solution is not decolorized hy monohasic acids, 
 like chlorhydric, sulphuric, nitric, horacic, or the 
 fatty acids. A large excess of concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid decomposes it, however. On the 
 other hand, poly basic acids, like tartaric, malic, 
 lactic, and especially oxalic and phosphoric acids, 
 destroy the color of its solutions. On the ad- 
 dition of a considerable excess of chlorhydric 
 acid the original color is usually restored, except- 
 ing in the cases of oxalic or phosphoric acid. 
 (Claus, Ann. C/i. u. Pharm, 99. 53.) The solu- 
 tion obtained hy dissolving recently precipitated 
 sesquioxide of iron in sulphocyanhydric acid, 
 suffers partial decomposition when evaporated 
 upon the water-bath, the residue being no longer 
 completely soluble in water. By repeated evapo- 
 ration the salt may be almost completely decom- 
 posed, so that when treated with water the latter 
 is scarcely at all colored. The in-oluble residue 
 appears to be pure hydrated oxide of iron, and 
 not a basic sulphocyanide. A similar decompo- 
 sition occurs when a dilute aqueous or alcoholic 
 solution of the salt is boiled. (Meitzendorff, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 80.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Almost insoluble in cold water; 
 
 Cy? q boiling water decomposes it, 
 
 1 -2 ~ Pb 5 8 * with separation of an insolu- 
 
 ble powder. (Liebig.) Ac- 
 
 cording to Porrett (Phil. Trans., 1815, p. 553), it 
 
 crystallizes in obtuse rhombs, which are slowly 
 
 deliquescent, and soluble in water. Berzelius 
 
 (Lehrb., 3. 718) maintains that the statement of 
 
 Porrett is erroneous, while Gmelin (Handbook, 8. 
 
 88) refers to a similar statement by Brandes. 
 
 (Taschenbuch, 1849, p. 192.) 
 
 II.) basic. Perfectly insoluble in water. (Lie- 
 (Oxy Sulpha Cyanide of Lead.) big.) 
 p ? S 2 , Pb 0, H 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 C,M g NS 2 + 4 A, = 8. + 4 A, 
 
 r e 1 1, Phil. 
 
 Trans., 1814, p. 552.) Easily soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 
 56.71.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF MAGNESIUM & OF MER- 
 CURY. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF MANGANESE. Easily 
 
 C, Mn N S 2 + 3 Aq = <* \ S 2 + 3 Aq ? luhle , in . wa ' 
 Mn > ter, and alco- 
 
 hol. (Meit- 
 
 zendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 73.) Appears to 
 be very soluble in water. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 
 1814, p. 553.) Deliquescent. Soluble in water. 
 Nearly insoluble in absolute alcohol. (Grotthus.) 
 
 .D/SULPHOCYANIDE OF MERCURY. Insoluble 
 
 r H,, ivr< Cv ^<? in water - (Porrett, Phil. 
 C, Hg, N S 2 = H& J S 2 Trms> jg,^ p 552 } In _ 
 
 soluble in cold, decom- 
 
 posed by boiling water. When boiled with con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid, a small portion of it 
 dissolves, and may be rcprecipitated by adding 
 water. Unacted upon by aqua-regia, unless this 
 has been prepared from concentrated acids, in 
 which case it very slowly decomposes the salt; if 
 the acid, after having been boiled with the salt for 
 some time, be diluted with water, a portion of the 
 sulphocyanide will be precipitated from it un- 
 changed. (Berzelius, Lelub.) 
 
 OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 r. u M _ c yl rather more soluble in hot 
 L,Hg isbj- Hg js 2 waten Easi]y solub]e in 
 
 alcohol, and in dilute chlor- 
 hydric acid. (Crookes, J. Ch. Koc., 4. 18.) 
 
 II.) basic. Only slightly acted upon by aque- 
 
 (Oxy Sulpha Cyanide, of Mercury. ) OUS acids, or alkaline 
 
 C'y S, Hg S, 2 Hg solutions. (Claus.) 
 
 Berzclius obtained 
 
 an analogous compound, soluble in chlorhydric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated on the addition 
 of water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF MERCURY & OF Po- 
 
 cold, and 
 
 more readily in hot water. Readily soluble in 
 
 alcohol, especially when hot, and in ether. Very 
 
 easily soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 
 ammonium and chloride of potassium. (Claus.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF METHYL. Very slightly 
 
 C y > soluble in water. Soluble 
 
 C 4 H 3 N S 2 = Cj H ^ JS 2 j n a jj proportions in alco- 
 
 hol, and ether. Soluble, 
 
 without decomposition, in warm tolerably concen- 
 trated nitric acid, separating out, unchanged, as 
 the solution cools. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 18. 261.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF METHYLNICOTINE. Sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF MOLYBDENUM. Appears 
 
 _ Cy ) a to be very soluble in water. 
 
 C 2 Me N s z - Mo j , (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 1814, 
 
 p. 553.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF NAPHTHYL. Vid. Naph- 
 toylSulphoCarbamid. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF NICKEL. Appears to be 
 
 C v j very soluble in water. (Por- 
 
 C 2 Ni N S 2 = ft I S, rett> p/ ti i Trans., 1814, p. 
 
 553.) Soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. (Meitzendorff, Poijg. Ann., 1842, 56. 
 
 78.) Also, with combination, in ammonia-water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF NICKELBIAMIN. Slow- 
 
 c ^ ly efflorescent 
 
 C 2 H 6 Ni N 3 S 2 = Nj C t j g _ Ni ^ S 2 Decomposed by 
 
 water. Soluble 
 
 in ammonia-water. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 
 1842, 56. 79.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF NITROHARMALIN. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF NITROHARMIN. Solu- 
 ble in warm water. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDK OF PALLADIUM. Appears 
 
 C. Pd N S, to be very soluble in water. (Porrett, 
 
 Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 553.) 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF PHENYL. 
 
 (SulphoCarbonylPhenylamide.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF PIIENYLNAPHTHYLA- 
 
 (PhenylKaphthylSidphoCarbainid.) MIN. Very 
 
 C M H u N 2 S 2 = N j *> S 8 "' H Cy a, sparingly sol- 
 f ! 2 " 5 uble in alco- 
 
 hol, and ether. (Hofmann.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF PLATIN(OHS)&I'AMIN & 
 
 (SulplioCyamdeofdiPlato- OF PLATINUM. _Com. 
 
 sammonium $ iif platinum.) pletely insoluble in wa- 
 C 4 H 8 Pt 2 N 4 S 4 = N, I H s . ter, or alcohol. Solu- 
 ble in dilute chlorhydric 
 Pt', Cy S 2 ; Pt Cy S, acid . 
 
SULPHODRACONATES. 
 
 661 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF PLATIN(O;/S) AMMONIUM. 
 
 (Salpku Cyanide iif Platasammunium.) Soluble in wa- 
 
 C 2 H 3 Pt N 2 S 2 = N ) pi 3 , . Cy S 2 ter. The aque- 
 
 o u s solution 
 
 undergoes partial decomposition when boiled for 
 a long time. More soluble in alcohol than in 
 water. (Buckton, J. Ch. Soc., 7. 38.) 
 
 PrOtoSULPHOCYANIDE OF PLATINUM. In- 
 
 P i soluble in water, or alcohol. 
 C 2 Pt N S 2 = pt j S 2 Soluble in dilute acids, and in 
 aqueous solutions of the me- 
 tallic chlorides, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water, or alcohol. (Grotthus.) 
 Unacted upon by an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. 
 
 ZftSULPHOCYANIDE OF PLATINUM. Insoluble 
 
 Cy 2 1 Q m water. Soluble in aque- 
 C 4 PtN 2 S 4 - Pt jS 4 ons solutions of chloride of 
 potassium, chloride of so- 
 dium, and chloride of ammonium, also in acids. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF PLATINUM & OF Po- 
 c ys( . c yl TASSIUM. (Glaus, Beitrage. p. 40.) 
 Pt S 8 *' K5 8 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF PLATOSAMMONIUM. Vid. 
 SulphoCyanide of Platin(os)ammonium. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. Deliques- 
 
 Cv > cent. Soluble in water, and 
 
 C 2 K N S 2 = K ^ S 2 a i c ohol. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 
 
 1814, p. 552.) Abundantly 
 
 soluble in water, with reduction of temperature ; 
 
 somewhat less soluble in spirit, but very soluble 
 
 in boiling alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF POTASSIUM & OF SIL- 
 
 Cy / Cy ) VER. Permanent. 
 
 C 4 KAgN 2 S 4 = KJ S 2'Ag> 2 Decomposed by 
 
 water. (Hull.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 water. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 
 1814, p. 552.) Insoluble in 
 water, or in acids, excepting 
 concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. (Liebig.) 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of protonitrate of 
 mercury. (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 41. 317.) Insoluble in dilute ammonia-water. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and in a solution of sulphocyanide of potassium. 
 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of nitrate of silver, 
 or sulphocyanide of ammonium, or in nitric acid. 
 (Aschoff.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF SODIUM. Deliquescent. 
 
 c y > a Soluble in water. (Porrett, 
 
 C 2 NaNS 2 = Na ^8:, phi , TranSf> 18U) p . 552 .) 
 
 Very deliquescent. Very 
 easily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Meitzen- 
 dorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 66.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF STRONTIUM. Deliques- 
 
 r , cent. Soluble 
 
 C 2 Sr N S 2 + 3 ACL = sr $ S + 3 A<1 in water. 
 
 ( Porrett, Phil. 
 
 Trans., 1814, p. 552.) Easily deliquescent. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Meitzendorff, 
 Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. .70.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF TIN. Appears ^ to be 
 very soluble in water. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 
 1814, p. 553.) 
 
 ProtoSULPHOCYANIDE OF URANIUM. Deli- 
 
 Cy ) quescent. Soluble in water. 
 C, Ur SI S 2 = Ur } S 2 ^ Kam mels berg. ) 
 
 SeSOHl'SULPHOCYANIDE OF URANIUM. Ap- 
 
 o p v ; pears to be 
 
 C 8 Ur, N 3 S tf + 2 Aq = g^ft [ S + 2 Aq very 8O l u ble 
 
 in water. 
 
 Cy I 
 C 2 Ag N S 2 = A - g 
 
 (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 1814, p. 553.) Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Brandes.) 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF YTTRIUM. Deliques- 
 Cv > _ cent. Soluble in water. 
 
 C 2 Zn N S 2 = 
 
 C 2 H 3 Zn N S = 
 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ZINC. Appears to be 
 very soluble in water. (Por- 
 reu> phiL Trans-i 1814> p . 
 
 553.) Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol ; somewhat less readily than many other 
 of the sulphocyanides. Soluble in ammonia-wa- 
 ter. (Meitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 56. 74.) 
 SULPHOCYANIDE OF ZINCAMMONIUM. De- 
 composed by water, 
 N 3 2 ^-^ separation of ox- 
 ide of zinc. Soluble in 
 
 ammonia-water. (Weitzendorff, Pogg. Ann., 1842, 
 56. 75.) 
 
 PerSuLPHoCYANHYDRic ACID. Almost in- 
 
 (HijilroperSiilphoCyanhydric Acid, soluble in cold, 
 
 Hyiiroxantluc Acid. Sulphuretted comp l e tely, though 
 
 Hydro Sulpha Cyanic Acid. " , " , f~. 
 
 /v s n , sparinglv, soluble 
 
 p u V <5 _ ^32 ^2 I a .,.' ' 
 
 t, 4 n 2 a o e _ H ^ | s 4 , n boiling water. 
 
 More soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether, than in hot water. Soluble, 
 without decomposition, in cold concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid, from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of the alkalies, with separation of sulphur. The 
 persulphocyanides corresponding to metallic sul- 
 phides which are not decomposed by dilute acids, 
 are themselves not decomposable by these agents. 
 ( Voalckel.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOCYANIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Completely insoluble in water, 
 Cy 2 Pbj S 8 alcohol, or weak acids. ( Voulckel ) 
 
 II.) basic. By the action of boiling acids it is 
 Cv, Pb, S,. : 2 Pb converted into the normal com- 
 pound (No. I.). (Vcelckel.) 
 
 SuLPHoCYANoBENZYLENE. Vid. Hydride 
 of SulphoCyanoBenzoyl. 
 
 .FVr-SuLPHoCYANOGEN. Insoluble in water, 
 (Suljiho Cyanogen. P stud o Sulpha Cy- alcohol, or ether. 
 anogen. OxySulphirie of Cyanogen.) (Voelckel.) Sol- 
 C 6 H N 3 S a = ^ y 2 *?'' | S 4 uble in warm 
 
 cone en trated 
 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated un- 
 changed on the addition of water. Also soluble, 
 for the most part, in ammonia- water. (Liebig.) 
 Insoluble in ammonia-water. (Wcahler.) Solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash, and 
 readily, with decomposition, in sulphide of po- 
 tassium. (Liebig.) 
 
 with LEAD. P p t . 
 
 SuLPHoCYANOGEN bihydrosulphurte. Vid. Bi- 
 Sulphide of SulphoCarbammonium. 
 
 SuLPHoCYANoPLATiNic ACID. Vid. Platino- 
 terSulphoCyanhydric Acid. 
 
 SULPHOCYANOPLATINOUS ACID. Vid. Plati- 
 
 nofo'SulphoCyanhydric Acid. 
 
 SuLPiioCYMENic ACID. Vid. ThymylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 Sui.pHoDRACONic ACID. Soluble in water. 
 (Laurent.) 
 
 SULPHODRACONATE OF BARYTA. Very Sol- 
 
 r TT Ba S uble in water. Somewhat soluble 
 
 ^20 "11 2 U 8 . T .. j A /it 
 
 in spirit. (Lallemand, Ann. Lh. 
 et Phys, (3.) 40. 150.) 
 
662 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATES. 
 
 SuLPHoDRACONATE OF LEAD. Very soluble 
 in water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 SULPHODRACONATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SULPHODRACONATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 SuLPHoDRACYLic ACID. Vid. ToluenylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoETiiOLic ACID. Vid. SulphEtholic 
 Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoFERRATE OF IRON. Known only in 
 aqueous solution. The dilute solution may be 
 boiled without undergoing; decomposition, but a 
 concentrated solution is decomposed by boiling. 
 (H. Rose, in Berzelius's Lehrb., 2. 729 ; and 3. 
 211.) 
 
 SuLpnoFLAVic ACID. Soluble in water, and 
 (ImiigoYeUow.) alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOFLAVATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 SULPHOFORM. Very sparingly soluble in wa- 
 CjHS 3 ter. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. De- 
 composed by acids, and by alkaline solu- 
 tions. (Bouchardat.) 
 
 SuLPHoFoRMic ACID. Vid. MethylSulphu- 
 rous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoFuLVic ACID. Soluble in water, and 
 in absolute alcohol. 
 
 SuLPHoFuLVATE OF LEAD. Readily soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SuLPHoGLUcicAcio. Vid. SulphoLignic 
 Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoGLUTiNic ACID. Easily soluble in 
 
 (Hypo Sulpha Glutinic Acid.) water, and alcohol ; less 
 
 easily soluble in ether. 
 
 SOLPHOGLUTINATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 
 water. 
 
 SuLPHoGLYCERic ACID. Soluble in water, 
 C 8 H 8 S 2 0, 2 = C 8 H 7 5 , H 0, 2 S O s and in concen- 
 trated sulphuric 
 
 acid. (Fremy.) All the metallic sulphoglycerates 
 are very soluble in water. (Redtenbacher.) 
 
 SULPHOGLYCERATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C 6 i H 7 Ba S 2 12 water. 
 
 SULPHOGLYCERATE OF LEAD. Easily soluble 
 C 6 H 7 Pb S 2 0, 2 in water. (Pelouze.) 
 
 SULPHOGLYCERATE OF LIME. Soluble in less 
 C 6 H 7 Ca S 2 12 than 1 pt. of cold water. Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 SULPHOGLYCKRATE OF SlLVER. Very SOlu- 
 
 ble in water. (Pelouze.) 
 
 SULPHOGLYCOLIC AciD. 
 C< H 6 S 2 10 = C 4 H 5 3 , H 0, 2 S 3 
 
 SuLFHoGLYCOLATE OF BARYTA. Somewhat 
 C 4 H 5 Ba S 2 10 deliquescent. Easily soluble in 
 water. Nearly insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, and in ether. (Simpson.) 
 
 StJLPHOHELLENATE OF BARYTA. Very SOlll- 
 
 ble in water. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 12. 191.) 
 
 SuLPHoLiGNic ACID ; and 
 
 SULPHOGLUCIC ACID. Both contain Cia Hi 2 
 Oi2 + x S Oa ; but since they are very unstable, 
 it is not easy to determine their true composition. 
 
 I) (acid from cellulose.) Very deliquescent. 
 
 Baryta Salt. 
 
 The Lead Salt is very deliquescent, and soluble 
 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Blondeau.) 
 
 Lime Salt. Deliquescent. Easily soluble in. 
 C 24 H 23 Ca S 2 30 (os cited by Weltzien.) water. 
 II.) (acid from Starch.) 
 Baryta Salt. 
 Lead Salt. 
 Lime Salt. 
 
 III.) (acid from Glucose.) Almost all of its 
 salts are soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOLEIC ACID. Soluble in pure water. 
 Insoluble in water which contains sulphuric acid. 
 Decomposed after a while, when in contact with 
 water. Soluble in alcohol. The sulpholcates of 
 potash, soda, and ammonia, are soluble in water ; 
 but the other salts are insoluble in water, and 
 only sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SuLPHoMANNiTic ACID. Soluble in water. 
 (SulpkoMannicylic Acid.) (Favre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 C u H lt 0,,, 6 S 3 (3.) 11. 77.) 
 
 SULPHOM ANNITATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 SULPHOMANNITATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C 12 H u 803 0, 2 , 6 S 3 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Favre, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHOMANNITATE OF COPPER. Readily 
 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOMANNITATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Deliquescent. 
 C, 2 H u Pb 3 0, 2 , 6 S 3 
 
 II.) " mono." Appears to be somewhat soluble 
 in water. (Favre, loc. cit.) 
 
 III.) Insoluble in water. Very soluble in 
 " C 6 H B O 4 , 4 Pb 0, 2 S 3 " slightly acidulated water, 
 the solution being slowly 
 decomposed when boiled. (Favre, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHOMANNITATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOMANNITATE OF POTASH. Very deli- 
 C, 2 H,, K 8 O, 2 , 6 S 3 quescent. 
 
 SULPHOMANNITATE OF SILVER. 
 
 SULPHOMANNITATE OF SODA. 
 C u H 11 Na,0 11 , 6S0 3 
 
 SuLPHoMARGARic ACID. Soluble in pure 
 water, and in alcohol. Insoluble in water which 
 contains sulphuric acid. (Fremy.) 
 
 SuLPHoMELLONic ACID. Scarcely at all 
 
 (Hydro ThioMellon. Hydro Sulpha- S O 1 11- 
 
 Mellonic Acid. Ammelide Sulfuri.) 
 
 ( (C S ") 
 C 6 H 1 N 1 S 1 = NCy H 2 , 2CyHS 2 orN 3 Jc 2 N 2 * cold 
 
 l H 4 water, 
 
 in al- 
 cohol, or in ether. Sparingly soluble in boiling 
 water. (Jamieson.) 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATE OF BARYTA. Very Sol- 
 
 C 6 II 8 Ba N 4 S 4 + 5 Aq uble in water. 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATE OF LlME. Soluble in 
 
 C 6 H 3 Ca N 4 S 4 + 2 Aq water. 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATE OF MAGNESIA. Very 
 C 6 H 3 Mg N 4 S 4 + 6 Aq soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATE OF POTASH. Very solu- 
 C 6 H 3 K N 4 S 4 + 3 Aq ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATE OF SILVER. Completely 
 C e H 3 Ag N 4 S 4 insoluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATE OF SODA. Soluble in 
 C 6 H 3 Na N 4 S 4 + 3 Aq water, especially when this 
 is hot. 
 
 SULPHOMELLONATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble 
 C e H 3 Sr N 4 S 4 -f 4 Aq in water. 
 
 SULPHOMESITYLIC ACID (ofHofmann). Vid. 
 MesitylSulphuric Acid. 
 
SULPHOMOLYBDATES. 
 
 663 
 
 SuLPHoMESiTYLic ACID. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 uble in water, and in strong alcohol. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 Soluble in water. (Kane.) 
 
 SlTLPHOMfiSlTYLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 SoLPHoMESiTYLATE OF COPPER. Souble in 
 C 6 H B Cu S 2 O 6 + 2 Aq water, and in boiling alco- 
 hol. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 SuLPHoMESiTYLATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 C 6 H 5 Ca S, O 6 water, and in alcohol. Ether pre- 
 cipitates it from the alcoholic solu- 
 tion. (Hlasiwetz.) 
 
 SuLPHOperMESiTYLic ACID. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. ( Kane. ) 
 
 SuLPHOperMESITYLATE OF BARYTA. Solu- 
 
 ble in water. 
 
 SuLPHOperMssiTYLATE OF LIME. Dcliques- 
 C ]2 H 10 Ca 4 S 4 15 + 2 Aq cent. Soluble in water. 
 (Kane.) 
 
 SULPHOMESITYLOSCLPHURIC AciD. Vid. 
 
 SulphoMesitylic Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoMETHYLANE. Sulphamate of Me- 
 C 2 H 5 NS 2 thyl. 
 
 SuLFHoMETHYLic ACID. Vid. MethylSul- 
 phuric Acid. 
 
 SULPHOMETHYLSULPHURIC AciD. Vid. Me- 
 
 thylSulphnrous Acid. 
 
 Dz'SuLPHoMETHOLic ACID. Vid. Methionic 
 Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoMoLYBDic ACID. Vid. TerSulphide 
 of Molybdenum. 
 
 The alkaline sulphomolybdates, and those of 
 the alkaline earths, are soluble in water, and the 
 solutions are tolerably stable when concentrated, 
 but they gradually undergo decomposition when 
 dilute. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) Easily soluble in water. Very sparingly 
 NH 4 S, MoS 8 soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) acid. Tolerably easily soluble in water. 
 Very sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) More soluble in water than No. II. 
 Ba S, Mo S 3 
 
 II.) Less soluble in water than No. I. (Berze- 
 Ba S, 3 Mo S s lius.) Not decomposed by cold con- 
 centrated chlorhydric acid, but is 
 more readily attacked by dilute acid. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. 
 
 Bi S 3 , 3 Mo S 3 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF CADMIUM. Insoluble 
 
 CdS,MoS, in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF CALCIUM. 
 
 I.) Permanent. More soluble in water than 
 Ca S, Mo S, No. II. 
 
 II.) Permanent. 
 
 Ca S, 3 Mo S, 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE of protosulphide OF CE- 
 RIUM. 
 
 I ) Insoluble in water. 
 
 Ce S, Mo S 3 
 
 SuLFHoMoLYBDATE of sesqw'sulpht'de OF CE- 
 Ce 2 S 3 , 3 Mo S s RIUM. Partially soluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF CHROMIUM. Insol- 
 
 Cr, s s , 3 Mo s f uble in water. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF COBALT. Soluble in 
 Co 0, Mo 83 an aqueous solution of sulphomo- 
 lybdate of potassium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Cu S, Mo S 8 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF GLUC1NUM. Soluble 
 
 G1 2 ? 3 , 3MoS 3 in water, but the aqueous solution 
 gradually undergoes decompo- 
 sition. (Berzelius, Le/trb.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF GOLD. Soluble in 
 Au S 3 , 3 Mo S 3 water, from which it separates out 
 after a time. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 Fe S, Mo S 3 
 
 II.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of snlpho- 
 Fe 2 S 3 , 3MoS 3 molybdate of potassium. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 Pb S, Mo S 3 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF LITHIUM. Perma- 
 Li S, Mo 3 nent. Very easily soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF MAGNESIUM. Solu- 
 Mg S, Mo S 8 ble in an aqueous solution of bisul- 
 phide of molybdenum. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. 
 
 Mn S, Mo 8, 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE of disulphide OF MER- 
 Hg 2 S, MO S 3 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE of protosulphide or MER- 
 HgS, Mo S 3 CURY. Ppt. Insoluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of sulphomolybdate of 
 potassium. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF NICKEL. Permanent. 
 Ni S, Mo S 3 Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 molybdate of potash. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE of bisulphide OF PLATI- 
 Pt S 2 , 2 Mo S 8 NUM. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water; less soluble in alcohol. 
 K S, Mo S g (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) Slowly soluble in cold, rapidly soluble in 
 K S, 3 Mo S 3 boiling water. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 Ag S, Mo S 3 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water, and in alcohol. Much 
 Na S, MoSg more soluble in alcohol than the pot- 
 ash-salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) Difficultly soluble in water. 
 Na S, 3 Mo S 8 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE 1 Similar to the ha- 
 OF STRONTIUM. I rium salts. (Berze- 
 
 I.) SrS, MoS, [ lius.) 
 
 II.) SrS, 3 Mo S 3 J 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE of protosulphide OF TIN. 
 Sn S, Mo S 3 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE of bisulphide OF TIN. 
 Sn S 2 , 2 Mo S 3 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE of sesquisulphide OF URA- 
 Ur 2 S 3 , Mo S 3 NIUM. Permanent. Insoluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF YTTRIUM. Appears 
 Y S, Mo S 8 to be soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
SULPIIONAPHTHALATES. 
 
 SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in 
 ZnS,MoS a water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPiioMoLYBmc ACID. Vid. quadri- 
 MoS 4 Sulphide of Molybdenum. The persul- 
 phomolybdates, with the exception of rhose 
 of the alkalies, are insoluble in water. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 NH 4 S, MoS 4 Slightly soluble in cold, more 
 
 abundantly soluble in hot water. 
 
 Totally insoluble in ammonia-water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF BARYTA. LlSOl- 
 
 Ba S, Mo S 4 uble in water, but is decomposed 
 when boiled with water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSULPHoMOLYBDATK OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. 
 
 Bi S 3 , Mo S 4 
 
 PeJ'SULPHOMOLYBDATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 PerSuLPHoMoLYBDATE OF CALCIUM. Spar- 
 Ca S, Mo 84 ingly soluble in water ; less soluble 
 in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF CERIUM. Insol- 
 
 uble in water. 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF CHROMIUM. In- 
 
 Cr 2 S 8 , 3 Mo S 4 soluble in water. 
 
 PerSULPHOMoLYBDATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 Co S, Mo S 4 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Cu S, Mo S 4 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF GLUCINUM. Ppt. 
 Glj S s , Mo S 4 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF GOLD. Ppt. 
 Au S 3 , 3 Mo S 4 
 
 Pe?-SuLpnoMoLYBDATE OF IRON ( Ferrous ) . 
 
 Fe S, Mo S 4 Insoluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 
 protosalts of iron, but soluble in a 
 
 solution of persulphomolybdate of potassium. 
 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF iRON(Femc). Ppt. 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 Pb S, Mo S 4 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF LlTHIUM. Slight- 
 Li S, Mo S 4 ly soluble in cold, readily soluble in 
 hot water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF MAGNESIUM. In- 
 
 MgS, Mo S 4 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF MANGANESE. In- 
 
 MnS, MoS 4 soluble in water. 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF MERCURT. 
 I.) Ppt. 
 
 Hg, S, Mo S 4 
 
 ii.) Ppt. 
 
 Hg S, Mo S 4 
 
 PerSULPHOMOLYBDATE OF NlCKEL. Ppt. 
 
 Ni S, Mo S 4 Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 persulphomolybdate of potassium, 
 from which it separates after standing for some 
 24 hours. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE of bisulphide OF PLA- 
 
 Pt S,, 2 Mo S 4 TINUM. Ppt. 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 K S, Mo S 4 Very sparingly soluble in cold, but 
 soluble in boiling water. Insoluble in 
 a cold aqueous solution of caustic potash, or in 
 cold chlorhydric acid. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF SlLVER. Ppt. 
 
 Ag S, Mo S 4 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF SODIUM. Spar- 
 Na S, Mo S 4 ingly soluble in cold, readily soluble 
 in hot water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF STRONTIUM. 
 
 Sr P, Mo S 4 Similar to the barium salt. 
 
 PerSuLPiioMoLYBDATE of protosulphide OF 
 Sn S, Mo S 4 TIN. Ppt. 
 
 PerSuLPiioMoLYBDATE of bisulphide OF TIN. 
 Sn S 2 , 2 Mo S 4 Sparingly soluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of per- 
 sulphomolybdate of potash. (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPiioMoLYBDATE of sesquisulphide OF 
 Ur 2 S 3 ,MoS 4 URANIUM. Insoluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF YTTRIUM. Ppt. 
 
 Y S, Mo S 4 
 
 PerSuLPHOMOLYBDATE OF ZlNC. Ppt. 
 
 Zn S, Mo S 4 
 
 SuLFiioMoLYBDOUS ACID. Vid. ^'Sulphide 
 of Molybdenum. 
 
 SuLPiioMoRPHiNE. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 (SulphoMorpklde.) ter. Decom- 
 
 C 68 H w N 2 S, 18 = N 2 j jftj =< "Ji posed by boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol, and ether. Easily soluble in 
 dilute acids ; decomposed by concentrated acids, 
 and by alkaline solutions. 
 
 SuLPiioMuRiATic ACID. Vid. Chloride of 
 Sulphur. 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALIC AciD. 
 
 (NaphtylSulphurous Acid, HypoSidphoNaphthalic Acid. 
 Napktyl diTkionic Acid. SulphoNap/itliamic Acid. Sul- 
 phite of Naphtoyl.) 
 
 a = c 20 H 8 S 2 6 + 2 Aq Deliquescent. Read- 
 ily soluble in water, 
 
 and alcohol. It dissolves in melted naphthalin, 
 in oil of turpentine, and olive-oil, the more readily 
 in proportion as it is more nearly anhydrous. As 
 a hydrate, it is almost insoluble in naphthalin. 
 The hydrate melts in its water of crystallization, 
 at a temperature lower than 100. (Faraday, 
 Phil. Trans., 182G, 116. pp. 147, 148.) 
 
 Its salts are all soluble in water, and most of 
 them are soluble in alcohol also. (Faraday, loc. 
 cit.) Very sparingly soluble in ether. 
 
 b. An isomeric modification, known as the "acid 
 of Faraday's smouldering baryta salt," is readily 
 soluble in water, but does not absorb moisture 
 from the air. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. Per- 
 manent. Readily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Its solutions are decomposed to a certain extent 
 by evaporation. (Faraday, Phil. Trans., 1826, 
 116. 150.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 a = ordinary. Permanent. Readily soluble 
 (Flaming Salt, of Faraday.") in water, and alcohol, 
 C 20 H, Ba S 2 6 + 1 or 2 Aq Insoluble in ether. It 
 is not decomposed by 
 moderately strong nitric acid, or aqua-regia, even 
 when boiled with them, but decomposition occurs 
 if it is treated with very strong acids. (Faraday, 
 Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 151.) 100 pts. of water 
 at 15 dissolve only 1.13 pts. of it; at 100 they 
 dissolve 4.76 pts. of it. Soluble in absolute alco- 
 hol, and in ether. (Gerhardt, Jr., &c.) 
 
 b = " Glowing Salt," of Faraday. By no 
 means so soluble in water, either hot or cold, as a. 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Faraday, loc. cit., pp. 153, 
 151, 146.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF COPPER. 
 
 a = acid. 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble 
 
 C 24 H 12 S 2 6 = CH, H, (C 4 H 6 ) S 2 6 in water. Mixes 
 
 in all propor- 
 tions, with alcohol, and ether. (Kimberly.) 
 
SULPHOPARABENZOLATES. 
 
 665 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE of protoxide OF IliON. 
 
 Slowly absorbs oxygen from the air. (Faraday. 
 Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 154.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = C 20 H T Pb S 2 6 Permanent. Soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Fara- 
 day, Phil Trans., 1826, 116. 154.) Less soluble 
 in water containing free acid than in pure water. 
 More soluble in water than the baryta salt, the 
 warm saturated solution solidifying on cooling. 
 (Berzelius. ) 
 
 b = Isomeric modif. Exactly like the b baryta 
 salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) di. Less soluble in water than the normal 
 C 20 H 7 Pb S 2 ; Pb salt. ( Regnault.) 
 
 III.) tetra. 
 Cj H 7 Pb S 2 ; 3 Pb 
 
 IV.) polybaslc. Insoluble in water. (Berze- 
 lius.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF LIME. Slightly 
 soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. (Faraday 
 Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 154.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF MAGNESIA. Solu 
 ble in water. (Faraday, Phil. Trans., 1826, 116 
 154.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF MANGANESE. Sol 
 uble in water, and alcohol. (Faraday, Phil 
 Trans., 1826, 116. 154.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE of dinoxide OF MER 
 CURT. Permanent. Partially soluble in water 
 and alcohol, with formation of a basic salt. (Fara 
 day, Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 155.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE of protoxide OF MER 
 CURY. Deliquescent. (Faraday, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 a normal. Soluble in water. (Faraday 
 Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 155.) 
 
 b = basic. Insoluble in water. (Faraday, loc 
 cit.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 a = Cjo H 7 K S, 6 + Aq Permanent. Soluble 
 in water, though not 
 
 very readily, and the solution is not changed by 
 long-continued ebullition. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (Faraday, Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. pp. 149, 146.) 
 
 6 An isomeric salt corresponding to the " smoul- 
 dering baryta salt " of Faraday, is readily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and is not decomposed by boiling 
 with concentrated potash solution, from which it 
 crystallizes out unchanged on cooling. 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF SILVER. Perma- 
 C 20 H T Ag S 2 8 nent. Soluble in water, the solu- 
 tion undergoing decomposition on 
 being boiled. (Faraday, Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 
 155.) Soluble in 9.7 pts. of water at 20, or'100 
 pts. of water at 20 dissolve about 10.3 pts. of it. 
 (Regnault.) The aqueous solution deposits, by 
 prolonged boiling, a black insoluble mass. (Fara- 
 day, loc. cit.) Does not decompose, even after 
 several hours' boiling. (Regnault.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF SODA. Permanent. 
 Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Faraday, Phil. 
 Trans., 1826, 116. 149.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF STRONTIA. Per- 
 manent. Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Fara- 
 day, Phil. Trans., 1826, 116. 153.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALATE OF ZINC. Permanent. 
 Moderately soluble in hot water, crystallizing out 
 as the solution cools. (Faraday, Phil. Trans., 
 1826, 116. 154.) 
 
 84 
 
 Z?SULPHONAPHTHALIC ACID. Deliquescent 
 
 (TliioNaphthalinic Acid. T/iioJVaphttiic Verv pnailv' 
 Add. HypuSulphoNapthic Add.) J'f . . * 
 
 Con II SO =0 II 4 S O BUiuDlG 1 n 
 
 water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 Its salts are readily soluble in water ; but, gen- 
 erally speaking, are less soluble in alcohol than 
 the sulphonaphthalates. 
 
 .6/SuLPHONAPHTHALATE OF AMMONIA. Sol- 
 
 uble in water. 
 
 fii'SuLPHoNAPHTHALATE OF BARYTA. Very 
 
 C 20 H Ba.j S 4 O t2 slowly soluble in water, even 
 when this is boiling, but the solu- 
 tion may be evaporated down to a considerable 
 extent before yielding any deposit. Very slightly 
 soluble in alcohol, which also precipitates it from 
 the aqueous solution. 
 
 -Cz'SuLPHoNAPHTHALATE OF LEAD. Readily 
 
 C 20 H 6 Pb 2 S 4 O u + 4 Aq soluble in water. Almost 
 
 insoluble in alcohol, which 
 
 precipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 .Bt'SuLPHoNAPHTHALATE OF POTASH. Read- 
 ily soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SiSULPHONAPHTHALATE OF SODA. Soluble 
 
 in water. Tolerably soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SuLPHoNAPHTHALiD. Insoluble in water, 
 C 2i H 10 3 2 concentrated nitric acid, or solution 
 of caustic potash. Very slightly, if 
 at all, soluble in cold, slightly soluble in boiling 
 absolute alcohol. Very slightly soluble in ether. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALIN. Insoluble in water. 
 
 C H S = \ C2 HT S3 * Scarcely at all solu- 
 M 14 2 i ^ c 20 H T bj e m ggi^ some- 
 
 what more soluble 
 
 in hot spirit. Decomposed by fuming nitric acid. 
 (Gericke, Ann. Ch. M. Pharm., 100. 216.) Boil-, 
 ing water dissolves only a trace of it, and becomes 
 opaline on cooling. Soluble in cold alcohol, 
 especially in anhydrous alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHONAPHTHALIDAMIC ACID. Vid. Naph- 
 thionic Acid. 
 
 SuLPiioNAPHTHANic ACID. Vid. Sulpho- 
 Naphthalic Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoNAPHTHYLAMic ACID. Vid. Naph- 
 thionic Acid. 
 
 SULPHONARCOTIN. Insoluble in cold, soluble 
 ( Sulpha Narcotid.) in boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in alco- 
 
 4 
 
 aqueous solution 
 of caustic potash. Insoluble in ammonia-water. 
 'Laurent & Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 24. 
 114.) 
 
 SULPHONITRITE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in 
 
 K S, N S 3 water, and alcohol ; but these solutions 
 soon undergo decomposition. (Berze- 
 ius, Lehrb., 3. 198.) 
 
 SULPHONITRONAPHTHALIC AdD. Vid. Nl- 
 
 roSulphoNaphthalic Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoPARABENzoLic ACID. Soluble in 
 D M H 6 , 2 S Og water. 
 
 SULPHOPARABENZOLATE OF AMMONIA. Very 
 oluble in water, and alcohol. Insoluble, or nearly 
 nsoluble, in ether. (Church, Phil. Mag., (4.) 
 .4. 417.) 
 
 SULPHOPARABENZOLATE OF BARYTA. Ex- 
 } 12 H 5 Ba, 2 S 3 ceedingly soluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in absolute al- 
 ohol. Almost insoluble in anhydrous ether. 
 
666 
 
 SULPHOPHCENIC ATE S. 
 
 SULPHOPARABENZOLATE OF COPPER. Ex- 
 
 C 12 H 5 Cu, 2 S 3 ceedingly soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHO/VCHLORIDE OF PHOSPHORUS (of 
 
 (Chloride of Phosphorus Gladstone). Immediate- 
 & of Sulphur.) jy decomposed by water. 
 
 * C1 * S * Also decomposed by al- 
 
 cohol, ether, and oil of turpentine. Miscible 
 with bisulphide of carbon. (Gladstone, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 3. 7.) 
 
 SULPHOPHENANILID. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 (SulphoPhenylAnilide. Pkenyl Sul- in Water. Ea- 
 phnP/iejiylamid. Isomeric with Ami- g jjy goJu^le in 
 dosulphofienzid.) alcohol and 
 
 C 24 H 11 NS 2 4 = N cl^r 2 ' ether. (Biffi, 
 
 (H Ann. Ch. u. 
 
 Pharm., 91. 
 
 107.) Sparingly soluble in water. Easily solu- 
 ble in alcohol, and ether. (Gericke, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 100. 217.) 
 
 SULPHOPHENIC ACID. Vid. PhenylSulphu- 
 ric Acid. 
 
 SoLPHoPHENOYLAMiD. Difficultly soluble in 
 H 4 S 2 2 " cold, easily sol- 
 uble in boiling 
 water. 
 
 Very soluble in 
 r TT N N JCta 11 * 8 * *" boiling, very spar- 
 
 12 s 22 *** a t H 4 ingly soluble in 
 
 cold water. Sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water, and in solutions of the 
 fixed alkalies, forming salts which are very solu- 
 ble in water. But its baryta and silver salts are 
 scarcely at all soluble in water. (Gerhardt, Ann. 
 Ch.et Phys., (3.) 53.311.) 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLAMID. Insoluble in water. 
 (PhenylSuiphimid.) Readily soluble 
 
 C 12 H, N S 2 4 = N \ H 12 HS Sa * in alcohol. Sol- 
 uble in boiling 
 
 ammonia-water. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 46. 143.) 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLAMID with SILVER. Ppt. 
 (g.H.8,0, 
 
 (Ag 
 
 Z)z'SuLpHoPHENYLAMiD. Soluble in ether. 
 C 24 H u NS 4 08 = NHf H ' 
 
 C, 2 H 5 NS 2 2 
 
 Vid. SulphoPhen- 
 Anilid. . 
 
 SuLPHoPiiENYLBENZAMic ACID. Vid. Ben- 
 zoylSulphoPhenylamic acid. 
 
 oULPHOir HENYL-tiENZAMIDi yiu ajCnzoyi- 
 
 SulphoPhenylamid. 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLBENZOYLACETAMID. S O 1 U- 
 (BenzoylAcetyl SulphoPhenylamid. ble in boiling 
 EenzAcetoSulphoPhenamid.) ether. (Gerhardt 
 
 Cso H 13 N S 2 8 = N \ C 1 ,* Hg S 2 4 & Chiozza. ) 
 
 < C 4 HS 0, 
 SULPHOPHENYLBENZOYLAMIC ACID. Vid. 
 
 BenzoylSulphoPhemylamic Acid. 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLBENZOYLAMID. Vid. BenZOyl- 
 
 SulphoPhenylamid. 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLBENZOYLCUMINAMID. Vid. 
 
 CumylBenzoylSulphoPhenylamid. 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLCUMINAMID. Vid. 
 
 SulphoPhenylamid. 
 
 SuLPHoPnENYLicAciD. Vid. PhenylSulphu- 
 rous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHO/n'PHENYLPHOSPHAMID. 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLSUCCINAMICACID. Soluble, 
 
 < C 8 H 4 4 " with de- 
 
 C 20 H n N S 2 10 = N ] C H 5 S 2 4 . 0, H c o m p o - 
 ( H . . f . 
 
 sition i n 
 water. 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLSUCCINAMATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 C 20 H 10 (N H 4 ) N S 2 10 Very soluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLSCCCINAMATE OF SlLVER. 
 
 C 20 H 10 Ag N S 2 10 Ppt. (Gerhardt & Chiozza, 
 -Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 46. 
 159.) 
 
 SULPHOPHENYLSUCCINAMID. Vid. SuCCmyl- 
 
 SulphoPhenylamid. 
 
 SuLPHoPHLORETic ACID. Very readily solu- 
 
 (PhloretinSulphuricAcid.) ble in water, 
 
 C 18 H 10 S 2 12 = C 18 II 8 4) 2 H 0, 2 S 3 and alcohol. 
 
 (Hlasiwetz. ) 
 
 SULPHOPHLORETATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 Cjg H 8 Ba 2 S 2 12 + 6 Aq alcohol or ether. 
 
 SULPHOPHLORETATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 C 18 H 8 Ca 2 S 2 12 water. 
 
 SULPHOPHLORETATE OF MAGNESIA. Solu- 
 C 18 H 8 Mg 2 S 2 12 ble in water. 
 
 SULPHOPHLORETATE OF SODA. Easily solu- 
 C 18 Hg Na-j S 2 12 ble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol or ether. 
 
 SuLPHoPH<ENicic ACID. Soluble in water, 
 
 (Indigo Purple. Phanicine. and a 1- 
 
 SulpfiuPurpuric Jlcid.) C O h O 1 . 
 
 C S2 H 10 N 2 S 2 10 = N 2 \ (C 18 V. 2 ) 2 . 0, H ( Cr ") 
 
 ( H Insoluble 
 
 in several 
 
 saline solutions, as chloride of ammonium, or 
 acetate of potash, and in alkaline solutions. Read- 
 ily soluble in strong sulphuric acid, especially in 
 the fuming acid. The sulpho-phcenicates are very 
 sparingly soluble in water, but are more readily 
 soluble in alcohol. (Crum; Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOPHCENICATE OF ALUMINA. A SOlu- 
 
 tion of alum precipitates the acid from its solu- 
 tion in 8000 pts. of water. (Crum.) 
 
 SULPHOPHfENICATE OF COPPER. A Solution 
 
 of sulphate of copper precipitates the acid from 
 its solution in 2000 pts. of water. (Crum.) 
 
 SULPHOPHCENICATE of protoxide OF IRON. A 
 solution of protosulphate of iron precipitates the 
 acid from its solution in 3000 pts. of water. 
 (Crum.) 
 
 SULPHOPHCENICATE OF LIME. A solution of 
 chloride of calcium precipitates the acid from its 
 solution in 8000 pts. of water. (Crum.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOJNICATE OF MAGNESIA. A SOlu- 
 
 tion of sulphate of magnesia precipitates the acid 
 from its solution in 2000 pts. of water. (Crum.) 
 
 SuLPHoPn<ENiCATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 C S2 H 9 KN 2 S 2 0, +2A (1 100 pts. of water. In- 
 
 , soluble, or but sparingly 
 
 soluble, in alcohol, or in an aqueous solution of 
 
 acetate of potash. 
 
 SuLPHoPn<ENiCATE OF SODA. A solution of 
 chloride of sodium precipitates the acid from its 
 solution in 60 pts. of water. (Crum.) 
 
 SULPHOPHCENICATE OF ZINC. A solution of 
 sulphate of zinc precipitates the acid from its 
 solution in 2000 pts. of water. (Crum.) 
 
SULPHOSALICYLATES. 
 
 667 
 
 SuLPHO<n'PHOSPHAMiD. Decomposed at one 
 
 N < P S 2 '" by hot water, but somewhat mor 
 
 1 8 1 H e slowly by cold water. Partially de 
 
 composed by alcohol. (Schiff.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHANILID. 
 
 (Sulpha PhosphoryltriPhenylteramid. 
 
 C 36 H 18 N 3 P S 2 = N 3 \ (C, 2 H 5 ) 3 
 
 " SuLPHoPnospHORic ACID "(of Berzelius] 
 Vid. QuinquiSulphide of Phosphorus. 
 
 " SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF X." \ , en 1- < 
 
 .. > (of Berzehus) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHITE OF A. ) 
 
 Fzc7. Sulphide of Phosphorus & of X. 
 
 SuLPiioPnospHORic ACID (of Wurtz). Sol 
 
 (SulphOxy Phosphoric Acid.) uble in water; but the 
 
 P Oa S 2 solution is readily de 
 
 composed, especially on 
 
 boiling. (A. Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20 
 473.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble 
 3 Ba 0, P 3 S 2 in water. (Wurtz.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF COBALT. Insoluble 
 in^rater ; partially decomposed when boiled with 
 water. ( Wurtz, loc. cit. ) 
 
 SuLPHoPnospiiATE OF COPPER. Insoluble 
 in water. Decomposes very readily. (Wurtz 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF ETHYL. Vid. Ethyl- 
 SulphoPhosphoric Acid. 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 Insoluble in water. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 
 3 Pb 0, P O s S 2 water. Easily decomposed. ( Wurtz, 
 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF LIME. Insoluble in 
 water. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF NICKEL. Insoluble 
 in water ; partially decomposed when boiled with 
 water. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF POTASH. Very solu- 
 3KO, P0 3 S 2 ble in water. (Wurtz, loc. cit., p. 
 476.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF SODA. Effloresces 
 3 Na 0, P 3 S 2 + 24 Aq in dry air. Sparingly sol- 
 uble in cold, very soluble 
 
 in boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Wurtz, 
 loc. cit., p. 474.) 
 
 SULPHOPHOSPHATE OF STRONTIA. Insolu- 
 ble in water. (Wurtz, loc. cit.) 
 
 SuLPiioPnospHOROUs ACID. Vid. ferSul- 
 phide of Phosphorus. 
 
 SuLpiioPiiospHoViNic ACID. Vid. Ethyl- 
 SulphoPhosphoric Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoOriANic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 C 20 H 10 S 2 8 = C 20 H 9 S 2 7 , H Soluble in alcohol, 
 and in alkaline 
 solutions. (Wcehler.) 
 
 SULPHOPIANATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water, or at least in ammonia-water. 
 
 SULPHOPIANATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 SuLpnOpiANATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 water, or in a solution of caustic potash. 
 
 SULPHOPIANATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOPIANATE OF SODA. Resembles the 
 potash salt. 
 
 SuLPiioPLATiNic ACID. Vid. fo'Sulphide of 
 Platinum. 
 
 SULPHOPLATINATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 SCLPHOPLATINATE OF SODIUM. Soluble in, 
 
 water. 
 
 .Bt'SULPHOPROPIOLIcAciD. 
 
 C 6 H,, 4 S 3 
 
 jBtSULPHOPROPIOLATE OF BARYTA. Very 
 
 C 6 H 4 Ba,, 4 S Oj soluble in water. Soluble in al- 
 cohol. (Buckton & Hofmann, 
 J. Ch. Soc., 9. 253.) 
 
 SULPHOPROPIONIC ACID. 
 (PropionSulphuric Acid.) 
 C 6 H 8 S 2 10 = C 6 H< 2 , 2 H 0, 2 S O s 
 
 SULPHOPROPIONATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 in water, and dilute alcohol. From these solu- 
 tions it is precipitated by absolute alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOPROPIONATE OF BARYTA. Tolerably 
 Ce^Ba.jSjOio soluble in hot water. (Buckton 
 & Hofmann, J. Ch. Soc., 9.) 
 
 SULPHOPROPYLIC AdD. 
 
 (PropylSulphuricA cid. Trity I Sul- 
 phuric Acid. Sulphate, of Propyl.) 
 C 6 H 8 S 2 8 = C 6 H 7 O, H 0, 2'S 3 
 
 SULPHOPROPYLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C e H T BaS 2 8 + 6Aq& +2 Aq water; the solution 
 is decomposed to a 
 slight extent on evaporation. (Berthelot & De 
 Luca, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 43. 402.) 
 
 SULPHOPROPYLATE OF LIME. Deliquescent. 
 
 SULPHOPROPYLATE OF POTASH. Very SOlu- 
 
 C 6 H 7 K S 2 p 8 ble in water, the solution undergo- 
 ing decomposition when boiled. 
 Soluble in boiling absolute alcohol. (Chancel.) 
 
 SuLPHoPuRPURic ACID. [The name has 
 also been incorrectly applied to SulphoPhcenicic 
 Acid, q. v.J Soluble in water. Insoluble, or 
 very sparingly soluble, in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOPURPURATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 II.) basic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOPURPURATE OF POTASH. Soluble in 
 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHORETINYLATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly 
 
 18 H u Ba S 3 6 soluble in water, being much less 
 soluble in water than the cumenyl- 
 ulphitc of baryta. Difficultly soluble in abso- 
 "ute alcohol. ( Gerhardt & Cahours. ) 
 
 SULPHORHODIATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble 
 
 n an aqueous solution of sulphide of potassium. 
 Berzelius.) 
 
 SuLPHoRuFic ACID. Soluble in water. In- 
 oluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHORUFATE OF LEAD. Easily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOSACCHARIC ACID. Soluble in water. 
 Most of its salts are soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSACCHARATE OF BARYTA. Easily 
 
 oluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSACCHARATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 Pb O, C M H 20 20 , S 3 water. (Peligot.) 
 
 SuLPHoSALicoL. Vid. SulphoSalicylous Acid. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLIC ACID. Deliquescent. Sol- 
 i 4 H 9 S 2 J2 = C u H 4 4 , 2 H O, 2 S 3 uble in all 
 
 proporti o n s 
 n water, alcohol, and ether. (Mendius.) 
 
 Most of its salts are soluble in water, but in- 
 oluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 SULPHOSAHCYLATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 n water, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 hen evaporated. (Mendius, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 03. 39.) 
 
668 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATES. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, readily 
 
 C M H 4 Ea 2 S 2 12 + 6 Aq soluble in hot water. In- 
 
 soluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Readily soluble in 
 
 C M H 6 BaS 2 11 + 4Aq water. Insoluble in alco- 
 
 hol or ether. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) normal Permanent. Very soluble in wa- 
 C ]4 H 4 Cu 2 S 2 12 ter. Sparingly soluble in hot, 
 
 less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 II.) basic. Easily soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C 14 H 4 Cu 2 S 2 0, 2 , 2 Cu + 4 Aq in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble 
 C M H 4 (C 4 H 5 ) 2 S 2 12 in water. Readily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. (Men- 
 dius.) 
 
 SuLPHoSALiCYiATE OF LEAD. Sparingly 
 C H 4 Pb 2 S 2 12 soluble in cold water. Insoluble 
 
 in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF LIME. Soluble in 
 C lt H 4 Ca, S 2 12 + 2 Aq water. Insoluble in alco- 
 
 hol or ether. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF MAGNESIA. Very 
 C 14 H 4 Mg 2 S 2 12 + 6Aq soluble in water. Insolu- 
 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF POTASH. 
 I ) normal. Permanent. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 14 H 4 K 2 S 2 12 + 4 Aq ter. Very sparingly soluble 
 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 II.) acid. Very readily soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 5 K S 2 O lt + 4 Aq soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Ill ) sesquibasic. Easily soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 4 K 2S2 125 C 14 H 8 KS 2 12 
 
 lo- 
 in. 
 
 i n 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF POTASH & OF SODA- 
 
 C 14 H 4 KNaS 2 O l2 + 8Aq Soluble in water. Insol- 
 
 uble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF SILVER. Sparingly 
 
 C 14 H 4 Ag 2 S 2 12 + 2Aq soluble in cold, readily 
 
 soluble in hot water, but 
 
 the solution is decomposed by long-continued 
 boiling. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF SODA. 
 I.) normal. Very soluble in water. Insoluble 
 C M H 4 Na s s, 12 + 6 Aq in alcohol or ether. 
 
 II.) acid. Permanent. Easily soluble in wa- 
 C 14 H 8 Na S 2 12 + 4 Aq ter. Sparingly soluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLATE OF ZINC. Readily solu- 
 C 14 H 4 Zn 2 S 3 ]4 + 6 Aq ble in water. Insoluble in 
 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOSALICYLOUS ACID. Insoluble, or very 
 (SulpkoSalicol. Thio Salicol. sparingly soluble, in 
 
 Hydride of SulphoSalicyl.) alcohol. Soluble, with 
 
 combination, in alka- 
 
 C 14 H 6 S 2 2 
 
 line solutions. (Cahours.) 
 
 SuLPHoSiNAPic ACID. Vid. AllylSulpho- 
 Carbamic Acid. 
 
 SULPHOSINAPISIN. Vid. SulphoCyanhydrate 
 of Sinapin. 
 
 SiiLPHoMETHYLic ACID. Vid. MethylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 SuLPiioSTANNic ACID. Vid. fcz'Sulphide of 
 Tin. The sulphostannates of the alkalies and 
 alkaline earths are soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOSTANNATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHOSTANNATE OF BARIUM. Soluble in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOSTANNATE OF CALCIUM. 
 SULPHOSTANNATE OF COPPER & OF IRON. 
 
 2 Cu 2 S, Sn S 2 ; 2 Fe S, Sn S 2 Soluble, with decora- 
 position, in nitric acid. 
 
 SULPHOSTANNATE OF POTASSIUM. Very 
 K S, Sn S 2 & + 10 Aq easily soluble in water, from 
 which alcohol throws down 
 a more concentrated solution. (Kuehn.) 
 
 SULPHOSTANNATE OF SODIUM. 
 
 I.) Permanent. Soluble in water. (Hcering.) 
 Na S, Sn S-j + 7 Aq 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. (Kuehn.) 
 2 Na S, Sn S 2 + 12 @ 15 Aq 
 
 SULPHOSTANNATE OF STRONTIUM. 
 SuLPHoSucciNANiL. Vid. SuccinylSulpho- 
 Phenylamid. 
 
 SuLPHoSucciNANiLic ACID. Vid. Sulpho- 
 PhenylSuccinamic Acid. 
 
 SuLPiioSucciNic ACID. Very hygroscopic. 
 
 C 8 H 6 S 2 0, 4 + 2 Aq = Readily soluble in 
 
 C 8 H 3 5 , 3HO, 2S0 3 + 2Aq water, alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Fehling.) 
 
 Most of its salts are easily soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF AMMONIA. 
 C 8 H 3 (N H 4 ) 3 S 2 14 + 2 Aq 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF BARYTA. Whilst Still 
 
 C 8 H 3 Ba 8 S 2 14 moist it is readily soluble in chlor- 
 hydric and nitric acids, and spar- 
 ingly in hot acetic acid ; but after having become 
 dry it is much less soluble in chlorhydric, and 
 almost insoluble in acetic acid. Soluble in sul- 
 phosuccinic acid. (Fehling.) 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF COBALT. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF COPPER. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 Appears to be soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 C e H 3 Pb 3 S 2 14 + 3 Aq nitric and chlorhydric acids, 
 
 and in an aqueous solution 
 
 of acetate of ammonia acidulated with acetic 
 acid. 
 
 II.) basic. Tolerably soluble in chlorhydric, 
 C 8 II 3 Pb 3 S 2 14 , Pb nitric, and sulphosuccinic 
 
 acids. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF LIME. Very easily 
 C 8 H 4 Ca 2 S 2 14 soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 
 422.) 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF MAGNESIA. Extremely 
 C 8 H 4 Mg 2 S 2 O u easily soluble in water. (Ibid., 
 
 p. 456.) 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF MANGANESE. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF NICKEL. Appears to 
 be soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic, but not deliquescent. 
 C 8 H 3 K 3 6 2 O u + 5Aq Readily soluble in water. 
 Almost insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol, but very easily soluble in alcohol of 
 80%. (Fehling.) 
 
 II.) di. Permanent. Readily soluble in cold, 
 C 8 H 4 K 2 S 2 14 + 2 Aq & 4 Aq and in almost all 
 proportions in boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 SULPHOSUCCINATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in 
 C 8 H 3 Ag 3 S 2 o, 4 water. Easily decomposed. 
 
SULPHOTUNGSTATES. 
 
 669 
 
 StTLPHoStrCCINATE OP SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water, and spirit. 
 
 SoLpnoTELLUKOus ACID. Vid. fo'Sulphide 
 of Tellurium. The alkaline sulpho-tellurites are 
 readily soluble in water ; less soluble in alcohol ; 
 but the solutions undergo decomposition when 
 exposed to the air. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble 
 
 3 N H 4 S, Te S-j in water. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF BARIUM. Tolerably 
 3 Ba S, Te S 2 permanent. Slowly soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF BlSMUTH. Ppt. 
 Bi S s , 3 Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 3 Cd S, Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF CALCIUM. Quickly 
 
 3 Ca S, Te S 2 decomposes in the air. Easily solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 3 Ce S, Te S, 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 3 Co O, Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 
 3 Cu S, Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF GOLD. Somewhat 
 Au S 3 , Te S 2 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE of protosulphide OF IRON 
 3 Fe S, Te S 2 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE of bisulphide OF IRON. 
 Fe 2 S 3 , Te S 2 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 3 Pb S, Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF LITHIUM. Soluble in 
 3 Li S, Te S 2 water. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF MAGNESIUM. Soluble, 
 
 3MgS, TeS 2 without decomposition, in water. 
 
 Tolerably soluble in alcohol. (Ber- 
 
 zelins.) 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 
 Mn S, Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE of disulphide OF MER- 
 3 Hg 2 S, Te S 2 CURY. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE of protosulphide OF MER- 
 3 Hg S, Te S, CURT. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF NICKEL. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF PLATINUM. Soluble 
 
 3 Pt S 2 , 2 Te S 2 in water, but after several days it 
 
 separates out from the solution. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF POTASSIUM. Deli- 
 3KS,TeS 2 quesces in moist air. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, but the solution soon undergoes 
 decomposition when exposed to the air. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 3AgS,TeS 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF SODIUM. Soluble in 
 3 Na S, Te S 2 water. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF STRONTIUM. Toler 
 3 Sr S, Te S 2 ably permanent. Completely solu 
 ble in water. 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE of protosulphide OF TIN 
 3 Sn S, Te S 2 Ppt. 
 
 SuLPiioTELLURiTE of bisulphide OF TIN. Ppt 
 3 Sn S 2 , 2 Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTELLURITE OF ZINC. Ppt. 
 3 Zn S, Te S 2 
 
 SULPHOTEREBIC ACID. 
 C 20 H 16 S 2 6 ? 
 
 SULPHOTEREBATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 C M H w Ba S 2 6 water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 SULPHOTHYMIC ACID. Vid. ThymylSulphu- 
 ric Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoToLUENic ACID. Vid. ToluenylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoToLuic ACID. Vid. ToluenylSul- 
 phnrous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoToLUOL. Insoluble in water. (De- 
 
 (Thio Toluol.) vill e ) 
 C 14 H 7 S 2 
 
 SuLPHoTuNGSTic ACID. Sparingly soluble 
 (Ter Sulphide of Tungsten.) in water, more readily 
 W S 3 in hot than in cold. It 
 
 is precipitated from the 
 aqueous solution on the addition of chloride of 
 ammonium, or of acids, though not absolutely 
 insoluble in acidulated water. Soluble, especially 
 when recently precipitated and still moist, in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, carbonate of 
 potash, the alkaline sulphides, and in ammonia- 
 water. The alkaline sulphotungstates are soluble 
 in water, but the solutions gradually undergo de- 
 composition when exposed to the air. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF AMMONIUM. Much 
 
 NH 4 S, WS 3 more readily soluble in pure water 
 than in dilute saline solutions. The 
 aqueous solution is slowly decomposed when ex- 
 posed to the air. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF AMMONIUM with 
 
 N H 4 S, WS 8 ; N H 4 0, W0 3 TUNGSTATE OF AM- 
 MONIA. Soluble i n 
 water, and alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 338.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF BARIUM. Soluble in 
 BaS,WS 3 an aqueous solution of sulphide of 
 barium. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF BlSMUTH. 
 Bi S 3 , 3 W S 3 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF CADMIUM. Ppt. 
 Cd S, W S 8 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF CALCIUM. Easily 
 
 Ca S, W S a soluble in water ; also somewhat sol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 Ce S, W S 3 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF CHROMIUM. Soluble 
 Cr 2 S 3 , WS 3 in water. . (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF COBALT. Sparingly 
 Co S, w S 3 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Cu S, W S 3 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF GLuciNUM. Appar- 
 ently soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF GOLD. Soluble in 
 
 Au S 3 , 3 w S 3 water, but a precipitate forms in 
 this solution after it has stood for a 
 few days. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE of protosulphide OF IRON. 
 Fe S, w S 3 Soluble in water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE of sesquisulphtde OF IRON. 
 Fe 2 S 3 , 3 W S 3 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 Pb S, W S 3 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF MAGNESIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water, and al- 
 Mg S, w S 8 cohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. 
 
 III.) basic. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble 
 Mn S, W S 8 in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SuLPHoTuNGSTATE of disulphide OF MER- 
 
 Hg 2 S, W S 3 CURY. Ppt. 
 
670 
 
 SULPIIUK. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE of pTOtOSulpUde OF MfiR- 
 Hg S, W S 3 CURT. Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OP NICKEL. Soluble in 
 Ni S, W S 3 water. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE of bisulphide OF PLATI- 
 Pt S , 2 W S 3 NUM. The aqueous solution re- 
 mains clear for a long time, but 
 finally deposits a precipitate. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 I.) Easily soluble in water. Sparingly soluble 
 K S, W S 3 in alcohol, by which it is precipitated 
 from the aqueous solution. 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. 
 K S, 2 W S s 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OP POTASSIUM with 
 
 K s, w S 3 ; K 0, w 3 -f- 4 Act TUNGSTATE OF POT- 
 ASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OP SILVER. 
 
 Ag S. W S 3 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF SODIUM. Very solu- 
 Na S, W S 3 ' ble in water ; less soluble in alcohol, 
 although still very soluble therein, 
 especially if it contains sulphide of sodium. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF STRONTIUM. Soluble 
 Sr S, W S 3 in water and in an aqueous solution 
 of sulphide of strontium. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE of protosulphide OF TIN. 
 Sn S, W 8 3 Ppt. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE of bisulphide OF TIN. Ppt. 
 Sn S 2 , 2 W S 8 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF VANADIUM. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHOTUNGSTATE OF ZINC. Soluble in 
 Zn S, W S 3 water, with subsequent precipitation. 
 
 SuLPHoVALEROLic ACID. Not isolated. 
 
 SULPHOVALEROLATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 
 water. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 
 278.) 
 
 SuLpiioVANADic ACID. Vid. terSulphide of 
 Vanadium. The sulphovanadiates of the alkalies 
 are soluble, those of the alkaline earths difficultly 
 soluble, and those of the metals proper insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHOVANADIATE OF AMMONIUM. 
 SULPHOVANADIATE OF BARIUM. Slightly 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOVANADIATE OF CALCIUM. Slightly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOVANADIATE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble 
 K S, V S 3 in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHOVANADIATE OF STRONTIUM Slightly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 SULPHOVANADIOUS ACID. Vid. tz'Sulphidc 
 of Vanadium. The alkaline sulphovanadites are 
 soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOVANADITE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 SULPHOVANADITE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble 
 
 K S, V S, in water. 
 
 SuLpHoViNic ACID. Vid. Ethyl Sulphuric 
 Acid. 
 
 SuLPHoViRiDic ACID. Very readily soluble 
 in water. Slowly, but completely, soluble in 
 strong alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SuLPHoViRiDATE OF LEAD. Somewhat sol- 
 uble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 SULPHOXANTHIC ACID. Vid. SulphoCarbo- 
 nate of Ethyl (No. II.). 
 
 ACID. Sparingly solu- 
 As 0, s z ble in water. 
 
 SuLPHOxyARSENiATE OF POTASH. Perma- 
 K 0, As 3 S 2 + 2 Aq nent. Sparingly soluble in 
 water. The aqueous solution 
 soon undergoes decomposition, especially when 
 boiled, unless an excess of alkali is present, in 
 which event the decomposition is retarded. (Bou- 
 quet & Cloez, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 54.) 
 
 SuLPHOxYLOLic ACID. Vid. XylenylSul- 
 phurous Acid. 
 
 SuLPHOxrPHOSPHORic ACID. Vid. Sulpho- 
 Phosphoric Acid. 
 
 SULPHUR. The ordinary modification of sul- 
 S phur is insoluble in water ; slightly soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, benzin, oil of turpentine, and in 
 general in the fatty and essential oils, especially 
 when these liquids are warm. Much more solu- 
 ble in bisulphide of carbon, from which it is pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of ether, alcohol, or a 
 hot solution of caustic potash. 
 
 Dissolve pts. 
 
 100 pts. of Saturated at C. of flowers of 
 
 sulphur. 
 
 Ether (hot) ......... 0.54 
 
 " (cold) 0.188 
 
 Bisulphide of carbon 
 
 (hot) 73,46 
 
 Bisulphide of carbon 16 38.70 
 
 Rectified coal-tar naph- 
 tha (boiling at 98 @ 
 
 100) 98 < 100" 26.98 
 
 " " 16 1.51 
 
 Benzin (boiling at 86) 86 17.04 
 
 75 7.91 
 
 " 16 1.79 
 
 A mixture of equal 
 pts. of benzin and 
 
 oil of turpentine boiling 16.41 
 
 " " 16 2.19 
 
 Oil of turpentine V50 16.16 
 
 " " 75 6.24 
 
 " " 16 1.37 
 
 A mixture of 4 vols. 
 oil of turpentine 
 
 and 1 vol. benzin boiling 14.26 
 
 " " 16 2.59 
 
 Naphtha (from Val- 
 
 travers) boiling 10.56 
 
 " 16 2.77 
 
 Absolute alcohol boiling 0.42 
 
 " " ... 16 ... 0.12 
 
 (Payen, C. R., 1852, 34. pp. 509, 456.) 
 Soluble in 20 pts. of hot nearly absolute alco- 
 hol ; less easily soluble in weaker alcohol. (Lau- 
 rogais ; Favre. ) Soluble in 600 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol of 40 B. (Chevallier, J. Ch. Med., 2. 
 587 [P.]); in 500 pts. of alcohol (Meissner, in his 
 Neues System der Chem. 2te Auf., 3.111 [P-] ; in 
 200 pts. 'of alcohol (Pelouze & Fremy) ; in 1926.7 
 pts. of absolute alcohol at 15, i.e. 100 pts. of 
 absolute alcohol at 15 dissolve 0.0519 pt. of sul- 
 phur. (Pohl, Wien. Akad. Bericht, 6. 600.) 
 
 Quickly soluble in 12.5 pts. of ether at the 
 ordinary temperature. (Favre.) Acetic ether dis- 
 solves 6% of it. (Favre.) 
 
 Soluble in 12 pts. of hot rock-oil (naphtha) 
 from Amiano, but nearly insoluble in cold naph- 
 tha. (Saussure.) 100 pts. of nicotin at 100 
 dissolve 10.58 pts. of sulphur, this separates out 
 
SULPHUR. 
 
 671 
 
 again, for the most part, as the solution cools. 
 Also soluble in warm anilin. (Barral, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 20. 352.) Abundantly soluble in 
 hot, less soluble in cold anilin. (Fritzche.) Very 
 largely soluble in anilin, and quinolein (as in all 
 the essential oils), especially when these are warm. 
 From the hot solution it separates out on cooling. 
 (Hofmann, Ann. Cfi. et Phys., (3.) 9. pp. 143, 
 169.) Soluble in 2.6 pts. of boiling, sparingly 
 soluble in cold creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 Soluble, by digestion, in about 2 pts. of oil of 
 turpentine. More soluble in hot than in cold oil 
 of turpentine. 
 
 When oil of turpentine is heated with sulphur 
 to 150 decomposition commences. (Payen, C. R., 
 34. 508.) Soluble in hot oil of copaiba, from 
 which it crystallizes on cooling. (Gerber.) Sol- 
 uble in oil of mandarin. (Luca.) Abundantly 
 soluble in hot oil of caraway, being deposited 
 again on cooling. 
 
 Sulphur is soluble to a notable extent in the 
 numerous liquids comprising the hydrogenized 
 and oxygenated essential oils, the alcohols, ethers, 
 fatty oils, and pyrogenous oils. (Payen, C. R., 
 1852, 34. 509.) 
 
 Somewhat soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 wood-spirit. (Payen, C. R., 1852, 34. 509.) 
 Sparingly soluble in wood-spirit, in lignone, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of water 
 (L. Gmelin), in bromoform xin cold benzin, but 
 largely soluble in boiling benzin (Mansfield, J. 
 Ch. Soc., 1. 262), in mercuric methyl, in nitrate of 
 ethyl, which, when of 0.909 sp. gr., dissolves -fa 
 pt. of it ; from this solution it is not precipitated 
 by water. (Favre.) Very slightly soluble in 
 cold acetone. (Chenevix, Ann. de Chim., 1809, 
 69. 50.) 
 
 Soluble in naphtha, in aldehyde (Liebig), in 
 iodal, in bromal (Loewig), in chloroform, in warm 
 choral (Liebig), in an aqueous solution of sinka- 
 lin (Babo), in chloride of ethyl, in warm chloride 
 of benzoyl, in bichloride of tin, in warm liquid 
 sulphydric acid (Niernann), in warm sulphide of 
 phosphorus, in sulphide of bromine, in bromine, in 
 terchloride of nitrogen, in an aqueous solution of 
 sulphide of barium (Dumas, Jr.), in an alcoholic 
 solution of quinquisulphide of potassium, but is re- 
 precipitated on the addition of water to the satu- 
 rated solution. (Berzelius's Lefirb., 2.82.) Solu- 
 ble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline sulphites, 
 especially if these are hot. (Bolley, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 1842, 44. 357.) Slightly soluble in a 
 strong boiling aqueous solution of sulphocyanhy- 
 dric acid, from which it separates again, for the 
 most part, on cooling. (Porrett, Phil. Trans., 
 1814, p. 548.) Soluble in sulphydrate of butyl 
 (butylsulphydric acid), in warm retinole, and in 
 alkaline leys. 
 
 Extremely soluble in coniin. (Blyth, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 1. 350.) Very readily soluble in caprylic 
 alcohol (hydrate of capryl). (Bouis, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 44. 103.) Readily soluble in dichlo- 
 ride of sulphur. Very soluble in warm sulpho- 
 cyanide of allyl (essence of mustard ) ( Fontanelle ; 
 Dumas & Peligot), and in hot alkarsin (oxide of 
 cacodyl). Very readily soluble in hot, less solu- 
 ble in cold sulphoperchloride of phosphorus 
 (P Cls S of Gladstone). Tolerably readily sol- 
 uble in warm styrol, separating out again on cool- 
 ing. Readily soluble in warm, less soluble in 
 cold toluene, and rosin-oil. (Pelletier & Walter.) 
 Soluble in olive-oil at 115, from which it sepa- 
 rates out, in great part, on cooling. Also soluble 
 in the pyrogenous oil of resin, both crude and 
 purified, at 120, the solution solidifying almost 
 
 completely on cooling. (Payen, C. R., 1852, 34. 
 509.) Largely soluble in hot oil of amber (am- 
 bereupion), from which it crystallizes out on cool- 
 ing. (Dcepping.) Soluble in 2 pts. of hot, 
 slightly soluble in cold caoutchin ; the hot solu- 
 tion deposits much of it on cooling, but still 
 retains a larger quantity than can be taken up by 
 cold caoutchin. 
 
 Sulphydrate of ethyl dissolves sulphur slowly, 
 but in considerable quantity. (Zeise.) Insolu- 
 ble in valerianic acid, valerate of amyl, hydride 
 of valeryl, or hydrate of amyl (fusel-oil). (Traut- 
 wein.) 
 
 The soft elastic sulphur which is obtained when 
 molten sulphur, the temperature of which is 
 higher than 260, is poured into water, sometimes 
 contains as much as 35% of a peculiar amorphous 
 modification of sulphur which is completely insol- 
 uble in bisulphide of carbon, either hot or cold. 
 It dissolves, however, in absolute alcohol. When 
 subjected to a current of aqueous vapor at 100, 
 or indeed to the action of simple heat at 90 or 
 100, this modification is changed into ordinary 
 sulphur, crystallizable and soluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon. (Ch. Deville, in Pelouze &Fremy, 7V.) 
 The variety of sulphur insoluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon has also been obtained under other circum- 
 stances, viz., by the action of chlorhydric acid on 
 metallic hyposulphites. (Fordos & Gelis.) 
 
 When heated to 350, or till it passes from the 
 pasty to the thin fluid state, and then slowly 
 cooled, sulphur dissolves almost entirely in bisul- 
 phide of carbon. That which has been heated 
 to 300, and then quickly cooled, is only partially 
 soluble in bisulphide of carbon, and especially 
 that which has been cooled by pouring into cold 
 water; over 40% of this sulphur being insoluble. 
 From the solution in bisulphide of carbon, after 
 rhombic crystals have separated, amorphous 
 granules are deposited which "cannot be again 
 dissolved in the bisulphide. The rhombic crys- 
 tals, however, are readily soluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon. (Magnus, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1O1. 61.) 
 
 Bisulphide of carbon at 12 dissolves 0.35 pt of 
 ordinary sulphur. Some varieties of sulphur are, 
 however, not entirely soluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon, thus : 
 
 Fraction of 
 
 Pts. of S dis- the original 
 
 Variety of sulphur, solved by one At C. weightwhich 
 pt. of C S 2 . > s insoluble 
 
 in C S z . 
 
 Octahedral, from 
 
 Sicily 0.335 12 0.000 
 
 Crystall. flry way, 
 
 recently prepared 0.415 13 0.029 
 
 " prep. 8 yrs. 0.333 12 0.004 
 
 " " 9 yrs. 0.020 
 
 " " 15 yrs. 0.051 
 
 Red needles, recently 
 
 prepared 0.382 12 0.023 
 
 Soft yellow, recently 
 
 prepared 0.353 
 
 " 2 years 0.316 11 0.157 
 
 Soft red, recently 
 
 prepared 0.374 11 0.157 
 
 Soft red, prep. 5 yrs. 0.181 
 
 Flowers of sulphur 0351 13 0.113 
 
 
 
 another sample 0.234 
 
 Roll brimstone, outside 0.029 
 
 " " inside 0.073 
 
 (Ch. Deville, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 47. 99.) 
 All these varieties of sulphur, even the portion 
 
672 
 
 SULPHYDRIC ACID. 
 
 insoluble in bisulphide of carbon, dissolve without 
 residue in warm absolute alcohol ; crystallizing 
 on cooling. They are less soluble in chloroform 
 or ether than in alcohol. Readily soluble in boil- 
 ing, less soluble in cold benzin. (Ch.Deville,/oc. cit.) 
 
 The soft pasty sulphur obtained by decompos- 
 ing H S with S 2 forms an almost clear emul- 
 sion (pseudosolution)* or incomplete solution, 
 from which it is precipitated by various salts and 
 other soluble substances which have no chemical 
 affinity for it. This pseudo solution appears to 
 depend upon a peculiar kind of diffusion, analo- 
 gous to the swelling up of gelatinous, albuminous, 
 and slimy substances, or of starch, so that an 
 apparent solution is formed. Of the sulphur in 
 question, 23 pts. combine with 100 pts. of water. 
 When precipitated by the addition of saline solu- 
 tions it retains, very pertinaciously, portions of 
 the precipitant. When the pseudosolution of 
 sulphur is exposed to the light, the sulphur is 
 gradually converted into a pulverulent modifica- 
 tion, and separates as such. The same thing oc- 
 curs when the ps.- solution is boiled. It is precipi- 
 tated by the concentrated mineral acids, without 
 . affecting its solubility at first, but it soon changes 
 when kept in contact with them. It is precipitated 
 by many mineral salts ; especially by those of 
 potassium ; in this case its power of forming 
 pseudo solutions is destroyed. But when thrown 
 down by salts of soda or of ammonia, it may 
 again be dissolved in pure water. Caustic, car- 
 bonated, and sulphuretted alkalies convert the 
 soluble sulphur into insoluble. The pseudo solu- 
 tion of sulphur in water may be mixed with 
 alcohol without change. When shaken for a long 
 time with naphtha or oil of turpentine it is de- 
 composed. The pseudo solution combines readily 
 with bisulphide of carbon, and forms an emulsion 
 which subsequently undergoes composition. The 
 sulphur itself is only partially soluble in bisul- 
 phide of carbon. (Selmi, J.pr. Ch., 57. 49.) 
 
 Berthelot refers all the varieties of sulphur to 
 two modifications; viz., I.) "octahedral," or, 
 electronegative, and, II.) " amorphous," or, elec- 
 tropositive. 
 
 I.) Octahedral, or electronegative Sulphur. All 
 of its varieties are soluble in bisulphide of carbon. 
 It is scarcely acted upon by a solution of bisul- 
 phite of potash. Oxydizing bodies in contact 
 with sulphur at the moment it is disengaged con- 
 vert this to insoluble sulphur. 
 
 II.) Amorphous, or electropositive Sulphur. In- 
 soluble in neutral solvents, viz., in water, alcohol, 
 ether, bisulphide of carbon, &c. Soluble, with 
 tolerable rapidity, in a solution of bisulphite of 
 potash. By continued contact with a solution of 
 sulphide of sodium, a portion of it is dissolved, 
 and the remainder changed into octahedral sul- 
 phur. With solutions of caustic potash, and 
 ammonia, similar reactions occur. Less easily 
 oxydized by nitric acid than the other modifica- 
 tion. Some varieties, as that contained in soft 
 sulphur prepared by heat, are soluble, to a certain 
 extent, in alcohol, and ether ; and, by boiling, 
 the rest of the sulphur is converted into the elec- 
 tronegative modification. A similar result is 
 attained by long-continued contact with cold alco- 
 hol. According to Berthelot, the condition of the 
 sulphur is changed before it dissolves. Solutions 
 of the alkalies, alkaline salts, and alkaline sul- 
 phides, all change insoluble to soluble sulphur. 
 (Berthelot, Ann. Ch. et Phys,, (3.) 49. 430.) 
 
 * The other varieties of pasty sulphur (prepared in 
 various ways) do not possess this property. 
 
 Of the compounds of sulphur with the metals 
 (sulphides), all those of the alkalies are soluble in 
 water, but most of those of the heavy metals are 
 not acted upon by water. Only the sulphides of 
 potassium and of sodium are soluble in alcohol. 
 Several of the alkaline sulphides are soluble in 
 ether. (Gmelin.) 
 
 SULPHURET OF X. Vid. Sulphide of X. 
 
 SULPHURETTED ACETIC ACID. Vid. Sulphy- 
 drate of Acetyl. 
 
 SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN. Vid. Sulphy- 
 dric Acid. 
 
 SULPHURETTED HYPOSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. 
 ZnThionic Acid. 
 
 Z&SULPHURETTED HYPOSULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 Vid. tetraThionic Acid. 
 
 TerSuLPHURETTED HYPOSULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 Vid. pentaThionic Acid. 
 
 SULPHURETTEDNITROSULPHIDE OF IRON. 
 
 Fe 2 S 3 , N 2 , 4 H S Insoluble in water, but is de- 
 composed thereby. Soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether ; also, with combination, in 
 aqueous alkaline solutions. (Roussin, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 52. 295.) 
 
 ZftSuLPHURETTEDOxiDE OF ETHYL. Vid. 
 
 Oxide of di'SulphEthyl. 
 
 SULPHURETTEDSULPHUROUS ACID. Vid. 
 
 Hyposulphurous Aid. 
 SULPHURIC ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl. 
 SULPHUROUS ETHER. Vid. Sulphite of Ethyl. 
 
 SULPHURYLAMMONIUM. 
 
 SULPHURYL&/AMMONIUM. Deliquesces, with 
 c H 6 decomposition. Easily soluble in wa- 
 2 i S 2 2 " ter, without decomposition at first, but 
 the solution soon undergoes decom- 
 position. (H. Rose.) 
 
 SULPHYDRIC ACID. 1 vol. of water absorbs 
 
 (Hydrosutplmric Acid. 1.08 vol. oC it at 10 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen. (Henry, Phil. Trans., 1803, 
 
 Sulphide of Hydrogen.) ^ 2 74 [T.]) ; 2.53 vols. at 
 
 18 (De Saussure, Ann. 
 
 Phil, 6. 340 [T.]) ; 3.66 vols. at the ordinary 
 temperature (T. Thomson, in his System, of 
 Chem., London, 1831, 1. 275); 3 vols. at 11 
 (Gay-Lussac & The'nard) ; about 2.5 vols. of it, 
 not 1 vol. as was previously stated. (Dalton, in 
 his New System, 2. 310; compare Ibid., p. 451.) 
 
 1 vol. of water, under 
 
 Dissolves of H S gas : 
 
 a pressure of Om.76 of 
 mercury, at C. 
 
 vols. reduced to C. 
 & Om. 76 pressure of 
 
 
 mercury. 
 
 .... 
 
 . . . 4.3706 
 
 1 
 
 4.2874 
 
 2 
 
 4.2053 
 
 3 
 
 4.1243 1 
 
 4 
 
 4.0442 
 
 5 
 
 3.9652 
 
 6 
 
 3.3872 
 
 7 
 
 3.8103 
 
 N 8 
 
 3.7345 
 
 9 
 
 3.6596 
 
 10 
 
 3.5858 
 
 11 
 
 3.5132 
 
 12 
 
 3.4415 
 
 13 
 
 3.3708 
 
 14 
 
 3.3012 
 
 15 
 
 3.2326 
 
 16 
 
 3.1651 
 
 17 . 
 
 . . 3.0986 
 
SULPHYDRATES. 
 
 673 
 
 1 vol. of water, under 
 a pressure of Om. 76 of 
 mercury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves of H S gas : 
 vols. reduced to 0C. 
 & 0i. 76 pressure of 
 mercury. 
 
 18 3.0331 
 
 19 2.9687 
 
 20 2.9053 
 
 21 2.8430 
 
 22 2.7817 
 
 23 2.7215 
 
 24 2.6623 
 
 (Schcenfeld, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 1 ; and 
 Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 289, 128, 146.) 
 
 Less soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of 
 sodium or chloride of calcium than in pure water. 
 Sulphuretted hydrogen gas seems to be out of 
 proportion less soluble than carbonic acid gas in 
 water at high temperatures, as when heated in 
 sealed tubes. (De Senarmont, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 32. 169.) 
 
 At 18C. and the or- Absorb vols. of n S. 
 
 dinary pressure, 100 
 vols. of 
 
 Water, free from air . . . 253 
 
 Alcohol, of 0.84 sp. gr. . . 606 
 
 (Th. de Saussure, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 
 1814, 47. 167.) 
 
 1 vol. of alcohol, under 
 a pressure of Qm-lft of 
 mercury, at C. 
 
 Dissolves of H S gas : 
 vols., reduced to 0C. 
 and Om.76 pressure of 
 mercury. 
 
 17.891 
 
 1 17.242 
 
 2 16.606 
 
 3 15.983 
 
 4 15.373 
 
 5 14.776 
 
 6 14.193 
 
 7 13.623 
 
 8 13.066 
 
 9 12.523 
 
 10 11.992 
 
 11 11.475 
 
 12 10.971 
 
 13 10.480 
 
 14 10.003 
 
 15 9.539 
 
 16 9.088 
 
 17 8.650 
 
 18 8.225 
 
 19 7.814 
 
 20 7.415 
 
 21 7.030 
 
 22 6.659 
 
 23 6.300 
 
 24 5.955 
 
 (Bunsen's Gasometry, pp. 289, 128, 160.) 
 Soluble in acetate of methyl. (Marchand.) 
 Soluble in ether. (Higgins.) Insoluble in caout- 
 chin. 
 
 Difficultly absorbed by concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, with separation of sulphur and evolution of 
 sulphurous acid. Instantly decomposed by fuming 
 nitric acid. At the temperature of 18 (= 0F.) 
 the hydrate of sulphydric acid is insoluble in weak 
 alcohol, or in acetic ether, but at higher tempera- 
 tures it dissolves at once. (Wcehler.) 
 
 SULFHYDRATE OF AcETOYL. Vid. Hydride 
 of SulphAcetyl. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF ACETYL. Vid. ThiAcetjc 
 Acid. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF Al/LYL. 
 
 (Jlllyl Merc aptan.) 
 C a H 4 S, H S 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF AMMONIUM. Soluble in 
 
 (Sulphide of Ammonium of Hydrogen, water, and al- 
 Bi HudroS ulphate of Ammonia.) r>r>Vir,l When 
 
 N II, S, H S 
 
 the aqueous 
 
 solution is exposed to the air, as when kept in 
 half-filled or badly stoppered bottles, decompo- 
 sition occurs, hyposulphite of ammonia being 
 formed, and sulphur deposited. The solution, as 
 commonly prepared, also contains more or less 
 bisulphide of ammonium, whence its yellow color. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF AMYL. Insoluble in water. 
 (JlmylMercaptan. Easily soluble in alco- 
 
 Amyisuiphydric Acid.) hoi, and ether. [Com- 
 
 L/.A ri 19 So :== l^t Hit to, il H *__... --. 
 
 & of X.] 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF AZOBENZOYL. Nearly in- 
 c H n N s s s ( ? ) soluble in alcohol. Somewhat 
 soluble in hot, less soluble in cold 
 ether. (Laurent.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF BARIUM. Effloresces, with 
 Ba S, H S + z Aq decomposition. Very easily sol- 
 uble in water. Much more read- 
 ily soluble in water, either hot or cold, than 
 hydrate of baryta. Very difficultly soluble in 
 alcohol. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF BROMOMETHYL. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF BUTYL. Very sparingly 
 
 (ButylSulphydric Acid. Butylic Mtr- soluble in Water. 
 cnptan. TetrylSulphydric Acid.) Miscible in all 
 
 C g H 10 S a = C 8 H 9 S, H S proportions with 
 
 alcohol, and ether. (Humann, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 44. 338.) [See also Sulphide of Butyl & of 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF BUTYRYL. Sparingly sol- 
 (ThioButyric Acid.) uble in water. More easily 
 Cg H 7 Oj S, II S soluble in alcohol. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF CALCIUM. Very soluble 
 Ca S, H S in water. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF CARBOTHIACETONIN. In- 
 C, n H,,,N.S,.2HS soluble in water. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. Soluble in 
 warm alcohol, with partial decomposition. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF CARVOL. Slowly soluble 
 C M H 15 S 0, = C M H 14 0,, H S in boiling, much less 
 soluble in cold alco- 
 hol. (Varrentrapp.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF CETYL. Insoluble in wa- 
 
 (Cetylie Mercaptan. ter. Scarcely at all 
 
 Cetyl Sulphydric Acid.) soluble in Cold alt'O- 
 
 C 3 , H M S, = C 32 H M S, H hol Easily soluble 
 
 in ether; and, somewhat less easily, in boiling 
 alcohol. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF CHLORIDE OF ALUMINUM. 
 Deliquescent. Decomposed by water. (Wcehler.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF CINNAMOYL. Vid. Thio- 
 Cinnol. 
 
 "SULPHYDRATE OF CYANOGEN." Vid. Cj- 
 
 anogen with Sulphydric Acid. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF ETHYL. Very sparingly 
 (Ethyl Sulphydric Acid. soluble in water. 7 drops 
 Mercaptan.) o f it require 25 grms. of 
 
 C 4 H 6 s., = C 4 H 5 s, H wate r to dissolve them. 
 (Zeise ) Miscible in all proportions with strong 
 alcohol, and ether. Sparingly soluble in weak 
 alcohol. (Zeise.) 
 
 The ethyl sulphides ("mercaptides' ) of the 
 heavy metals are insoluble in water; some of 
 them dissolve in alcohol. [See Sulphide of Ethyl 
 and of X.\ 
 
674 
 
 TANNOXYLATES. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF ETHYLAMIN. Soluble in 
 
 water. (Wurtz, Ann. Ch. et Pttys., (3.) 30. 484.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF ETHYLENE. Soluble in 
 
 (Sulphide of Ethylene # of Hydrogen. alcohol, from 
 Sulphydrate of Sulphide of Elayl.) which it is not 
 
 C 4 H 6 S 4 = C 4 H 4 ", S 2 , 2 l precipitated at 
 
 first by water ; but after a time the aqueous solu- 
 tion decomposes. (Lcewig & Weidmann.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF HARMALIN. Soluble in 
 water, with partial decomposition. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF HARMIN. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF HYDRIDE OF 6zT>ROMO- 
 
 (SulphobiBromoSalicylous Acid.) ScLPH O- 
 
 C 14 H 6 Br 2 2 S 4 = C 14 H 4 Br 2 2 S 2 , 2 H S SALICYL. 
 
 Soluble 
 
 in alcohol, from which it is precipitated on the 
 addition of water. Soluble in ether. (Heerlein.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF HYDROKINONE. 
 
 I.) C M H 13 S 8 = 2 C 12 H 6 4 ; HS 
 
 II.) Permanent. Decomposed by water. 
 C SG H 20 S 2 12 = 3 C 12 H 6 4 ; 2 H S 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF LITHIUM. Hygroscopic. 
 Li S, H S Easily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 275.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF MAGNESIUM. Soluble in 
 Mg S, H S water, the solution undergoing decom- 
 position when heated. Decomposed 
 by acids. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF METHYL. Only slightly 
 (Methyl Mercaptan.) soluble in water. 
 C 2 H 4 S 2 = C * *J! } S, 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF METHYLENE. Vid. proto- 
 Sulphide of Methyl. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF NAPHTYLAMIN. Soluble 
 in alcohol, but the solution undergoes decom- 
 position when boiled. (Zinin.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF POTASSIUM. Deliquescent. 
 
 K S, H S Very soluble in water, and in alcohol, 
 
 with production of cold in both cases. 
 
 (Berzelius : Vauquelin, Ann. de Chim., 42. 40 
 
 IT.]-) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF SODIUM. 
 a = Na S, H S Deliquescent. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, and alcohol. 
 
 b = hydrated. Not sensibly altered by expos- 
 Na S, H S + 7 Aq re to the air during 24 hours, 
 but slowly deliquesces. When 
 heated it melts in its water of crystallization. 
 (T. Thomson, in his System of Chem., London, 
 1831,2. 903.) 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF STRONTIUM. Tolerably 
 Sr S, H S permanent. Soluble in water ; more 
 readily than hydrate of strontia. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF SULPHACETYL. See un- 
 der Hydride of SulphAcetyl. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF SULPHOCARVOL. Soluble 
 C 20 H 15 S 3 = C 20 H u S,, H S in ether, from which it 
 is precipitated on the 
 addition of alcohol. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF SULPHOCYANIDE OF 
 ALLYL. Vid. AllylSulphoCarbonic Acid. 
 
 SULPHYDRATE OF TIN. Ppt. (Kuehn.) 
 Sn 8,, H S 
 
 SULPHYDRIC ETHER. Vid. Sulphide of Ethyl. 
 
 SuLPiiHYPoSuLPHURic Acio(of Langlois). 
 Vid. (riThionic Acid. 
 
 SUMBULAMIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in alcohol. 
 
 SUMBULAMATE OF POTASH. Soluble in an 
 aquco.us solution of caustic potash, from which 
 it is precipitated on the addition of water. 
 (Reinsch.) 
 
 SUMBULOLIC ACID(" Acide Sumbulique '"). 
 Vid. Angelic Acid. 
 
 SUPER-CARBONATE (&c.) OF X. See under 
 Carbonate (&c.) of X. 
 
 SURINAMIN (from Geoffroya Siirinamenis) . 
 ( Geoffroyin.) Sparingly soluble in cold, easily sol- 
 uble in hot water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in alcohol. Nearly insoluble in ether. 
 
 SYLVIC ACID. Vid. RESINS, of Turpentine. 
 
 SYNAPTASE. S.oluble in water. Insoluble in 
 (Emulsin.) alcohol, or ether. (Thomson & 
 
 " C S6 H 35 N t !4 " Richardson, Rep. Br. Assoc., 
 1838, p. 49.) Very soluble in 
 cold water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. The 
 aqueous solution soon decomposes when exposed 
 to the air. (Robiquet.) Difficultly soluble in 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol when phosphates are 
 present ; but alcohol does not precipitate it from 
 the solution in pure water. (Bull, Am. J. Sci., 
 (2.) 8. pp. 76, 77, 78.) Easily soluble in acids. 
 (Ortloff.) 
 
 SYRiNGiN(from Syringa vutyaris). Soluble in 
 (Liladn.) 8 (^ 10 pts. of water; and in about 
 the same proportion of alcohol. Insol- 
 uble in ether. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid. (Bernays.) Insoluble in water, or acids, 
 excepting acetic acid. (Meillet.) 
 
 T. 
 
 TALLOWS. See FATS. 
 
 TAN ACETIN (from Tanacetumvulgare). Soluble 
 in water, and spirit. (Frommherz.) 
 
 TANGHININ (from Tanghinia Thouars). Efflo- 
 rescent. Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. But little acted upon by acids or 
 alkalies. 
 
 TANNASPIDIC ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 C 26 H 13 10 , H Very easily soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether free from alco- 
 hol, or in fatty or essential oils. Soluble in 
 concentrated acetic acid, from which it may be pre- 
 cipitated by adding water. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric and nitric acids. Also soluble in aque- 
 ous solutions of the caustic alkalies. (Luck.) 
 
 TANNASPIDATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in 
 (Ethyl Tannaspidic Add.) water. Soluble in alcohol. 
 ^56 H si si Insoluble in ether, or in 
 
 fixed or volatile oils. Sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 TANNASPIDATE OF ETHYL & OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Ppt. 
 PH0,i,WO 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. 
 
 TANNASPIDATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 28 H 1S Pb o lt 
 
 TANNIC ACID. Vid. GalloTannic Acid. 
 
 TANNIGENAMIC ACID. Vid. Gallamic Acid. 
 
 TANNINGENIC ACID. Vid. Catechin. 
 
 TANNOXYLIC ACID. Soluble in water acidu- 
 ( TannoMelanic Acid. lated with acetic acid. 
 
 TannylOxylic Add.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 ^14 H 6 "l2 = *^I4 "3 "91 " " U 
 
 TANNOXYLATE OF LEAD. Very sparingly 
 soluble in strong boiling acetic acid. (Buchner.) 
 
TARTARIC ACID. 
 
 675 
 
 TANNOXYLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. 
 
 TANTALIC ACID. Insoluble in water. (H. 
 3Ta0 2 , 2HO Rose.) 
 
 TANTALATE OF AMMONIA. Very sparingly 
 N H 4 0, 9 Ta 2 + 6 Aq soluble in pure water. ( H. 
 Rose.) 
 
 TANTALATE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly sol- 
 BaO, 2Ta0 2 uble in water. (H.Rose.) 
 
 TANTALATE OF MAGNESIA. Ppt. 
 Mg 0, 2 Ta 2 + 5 Aq 
 
 TANTALATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Hg 2 0, 2 Ta 2 + Aq 
 
 TANTALATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) Soluble in potash-lye. 
 K 0, Ta 0, 
 
 II.) K 0, 4 Ta 2 ) Are precipitated on boiling 
 
 III.) K 0, 6 Ta 2 5 tne solution of No. I. 
 
 TANTALATE OF SILVER. Ppt. Soluble in 
 AgO, TaOj + Aq ammonia-water. Decomposed 
 by nitric acid. (H. Rose.) 
 
 TANTALATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Soluble in 493 pts. of cold, and in 1 62 pts. of 
 Na 0, 2 Ta 2 + 7 Aq hot water ; the aqueous solu- 
 tion is not altered by boiling, 
 but is decomposed by evaporation, an insoluble 
 acid salt being precipitated. Insoluble in alkaline 
 solutions. (H. Rose.) 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water. 
 Na O, 3 Ta 2 + 2 Aq 
 
 III.) NaO, 9Ta0 2 
 
 IV.) NaO, 12Ta0 2 
 
 TANTALUM. Permanent. Unacted upon by 
 Ta water, or by an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. Insoluble in chlorhydric, nitric, or 
 sulphuric acids, or in aqua-regia. Slowly soluble 
 in fluorhydric acid ; quickly soluble in a mixture 
 of fluorhydric and nitric acids. (H. Rose.) 
 
 TAR. Insoluble in water. Soluble in fatty 
 and essential oils, benzin, coal-oils, &c. 
 
 Soluble in water acidulated with oxyphenic 
 acid. (Buchner, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 189.) 
 
 TARAXACiN(from Taraxacum qfficinale). Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, easily soluble in boiling 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and con- 
 centrated acids. (Polex.) 
 
 TART ANIL. Vid. PhenylTartrylamid. 
 
 TARTANILIC ACID. Vid. PhenylTartrylamic 
 Acid. 
 
 TARTANILID. Vid. 6i'PhenylTartryl6zamin. 
 
 TARTAR EMETIC. Vid. Tartrate of Antimony 
 and of Potash. 
 
 TARTRALIC ACID (Old, of Fremy). Vid. Iso- 
 Tartaric Acid. 
 
 TARTRALIC AciD(New, of Fremy). [Obtained, 
 2 C 8 H 4 10 , 3 H according to the most recent 
 statement of this chemist, by 
 heating tartaric acid to 190. See Pelouze & 
 Fremy, Traite'de Chimie ge'ne'rale, Paris, 1855,4. 
 226; and Gmelin's Handbook, 10. 333.] Deli- 
 quescent. 
 
 TARTRALATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water, 
 the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. 
 
 TARTRALATE OF LEAD. Insoluble, or very 
 sparingly soluble, in cold water. 
 
 TARTRALATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, the 
 solution undergoing decomposition when boiled. 
 TARTRALATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in wa- 
 
 ter ; the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. 
 
 TARTRAMETHANE. Vid. Tartramate of Ethyl. 
 
 TARTRAMIC ACID. 
 C s H 7 N 10 = N j H * " . 0, H 
 
 TARTRAMATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in all 
 proportions in water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Lau- 
 rent, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 23. 116.) 
 
 TARTRAMATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 ( Tartramethane.) 
 C 8 H 8 (0 4 H 6 ) N :0 
 
 TARTRAMATE OF LIME. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 C g H 6 Ca N 10 (Laurent, loc. cit.) 
 
 TARTRAMID. There are two modifications of 
 
 c H N - N \ s H * <>" tartramid ( ri S ht and 
 CgH 8 jN,Ug_N 2 | H4 left), but they do not 
 
 differ from each other 
 in solubility. Soluble in water. (Pasteur.) 
 
 TARTRAMYLIC ACID. Vid. AmylTartaric 
 Acid. 
 
 TARTARIC AciD(amorphous). Vid. Meta- 
 Tartaric Acid. 
 
 TARTARIC AciD(anhydrous). There are two 
 
 (Tartaric Anhydride.) isomeric modifications: 
 
 C 8 H 4 10 = C 8 H 4 Og" j O 2 one soluble in water 
 
 (vid. Tartrelic Acid), 
 
 the other insoluble in water. This last is insolu- 
 ble in cold water, alcohol, or ether ; but when left 
 in contact with water for several hours, it is con- 
 verted into ordinary tartaric acid ; this transforma- 
 tion is effected more rapidly by boiling water. 
 (Fremy.) 
 
 TARTARIC AciD(ordinary). Permanent. There 
 
 (Weinseeure, or Weinsteinsceure.') are two modifica- 
 
 Cg H 8 12 = C 8 H 4 ]01 2 H O tions (right and 
 
 left). The ordinary 
 
 acid is the " right " modification ; but the solu- 
 bility of both the modifications is the same. (Pas- 
 teur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28. 71.) 
 
 By direct experiment Pasteur found that 1 pt. 
 of right tartaric acid is soluble in 1.326 pts. of 
 water at 1 9 (a) 20 ; and that 1 pt. of left tartaric 
 acid is soluble in 1.322 pts. of water at the same 
 temperature. (Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28. 73.) 
 Crystallized tartaric acid is soluble in 0.727 pt. of 
 water at 15. (Gerlach's determination, see his 
 table of sp. grs., below.) Soluble in 0.538 pt. of 
 cold water, and in less hot water. (Gmelin's 
 Handbook.} The dilute aqueous solution is de- 
 composed after a time. Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, 
 and in 1 pt. of hot water. (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 Soluble in 4 pts. of water at 15.5, and in 0.5 pt. 
 of boiling water ; the solution saturated at 15.5 
 contains 20% of it, and the boiling saturated solu- 
 tion 66.66%. Soluble in 1.714 pts. of water at 
 18.75. (Abl,from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Phann., 
 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Percentage of Crystallized Tartaric Acid (C, H 4 
 0, + 2 Aq) in Aqueous Solutions. 
 
 Sp.gr. 
 at 15). 
 
 Percent of 
 crystallized acid. 
 
 1 0045 
 
 .... 1 
 
 1.0090 
 
 2 
 
 1.0136 
 
 3 
 
 .0179 
 
 4 
 
 .0224 
 
 5 
 
 .0273 
 
 6 
 
 .0322 
 
 7 
 
 .0371 
 
 8 
 
 .0420 . 
 
 9 
 
676 
 
 TARTARIC ACID. 
 
 Sp. gr. Percent of 
 at (15). crystallized acid. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 (at 15). 
 
 Percent of 
 Cs Hg 1S . 
 
 
 in 
 
 1.0045 
 
 1 
 
 
 1.0517 11 
 
 1.0090 
 
 2 
 
 
 1.0565 12 
 
 1.0135 
 
 3 
 
 
 1.0613 13 
 
 1.0181 
 
 4 
 
 
 1.0661 14 
 
 1.0227 
 
 5 
 
 
 1.0709 15 
 
 1.0274 
 
 6 
 
 
 1.0761 16 
 
 1.0321 
 
 7 
 
 
 1.0813 17 
 
 1.0368 
 
 8 
 
 
 1.0865 18 
 
 1.0415 
 
 9 
 
 
 1.0917 19 
 
 1.0463 
 
 10 
 
 
 1.09&93 20 
 
 1.0511 
 
 11 
 
 
 1.1020 21 
 
 1.0559 
 
 12 
 
 
 1.1072 22 
 
 1.0608 
 
 13 
 
 
 1.1124 23 
 
 1.0657 
 
 14 
 
 
 1.1175 24 
 
 1.0707 
 
 15 
 
 
 1.1227 25 
 
 1.0757 
 
 16 
 
 
 1.1282 26 
 
 1 .0807 
 
 17 
 
 
 1.1338 27 
 
 1.0857 
 
 18 
 
 
 1.1393 28 
 
 1.0908 
 
 19 
 
 
 1.1449 29 
 
 1.0859 
 
 20 
 
 
 1.15047 30 
 
 1.1010 
 
 21 
 
 
 1.1560 31 
 
 1.1062 
 
 22 
 
 
 1.1615 32 
 
 1.1114 
 
 23 
 
 
 1.1670 33 
 
 1.1166 
 
 24 
 
 
 1.172& 34 
 
 1.1219 
 
 25 
 
 
 1.1781 35 
 
 1.1272 
 
 26 
 
 
 1.184O 36 
 
 1.1325 
 
 27 
 
 
 1.190O 37 
 
 1.1379 
 
 28 
 
 
 1.1959 38 
 
 1.1433 
 
 29 
 
 
 1.2019 39 
 
 1.1488 
 
 30 
 
 
 x 1.20785 40 
 
 1.1543 
 
 31 
 
 
 1.2138 41 
 
 1.1598 
 
 32 
 
 
 1.2198 42 
 
 1.1653 
 
 33 
 
 
 1.2259 43 
 
 1.L709 
 
 34 
 
 
 1.2317 44 
 
 1.1765 
 
 35 
 
 
 1.2377 45 
 
 1.1821 
 
 36 
 
 
 1.2441 46 
 
 1.1878 
 
 37 
 
 
 1.2504 47 
 
 1.1935 
 
 38 
 
 
 1.2568 48 
 
 1.1992 
 
 39 
 
 
 1.2632 49 
 
 1.2050 
 
 40 
 
 
 1.26962 50 
 
 1.2108 
 
 41 
 
 
 1.2762 51 
 
 1.2166 
 
 42 
 
 
 1.2828 52 
 
 1.2225 
 
 43 
 
 
 1.2894 53 
 
 1.2884 
 
 44 
 
 
 1.2961 54 
 
 1.2343 
 
 45 
 
 
 1.3027 55 
 
 1 .2403 
 
 46 
 
 
 1.3093 56 
 
 1.2463 
 
 47 
 
 
 1.3159 57 
 
 1.2523 
 
 48 
 
 
 1.3220 57.9* 
 
 1.2584 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 1.2645 
 
 50 
 
 
 (Gerlach, Sp. Gew. der Salzlcesungen, 1859, p. 
 24.) 
 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. 
 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 189.) 
 
 * Saturated solution. 
 
 Sp. gr. 
 1 04 
 
 Percent of cryst. 
 9.06 
 
 acid. 
 
 Contains (by experiment) 
 An aqueous solution percent of the crystallized 
 
 1.08 
 1.12 
 
 17.45 
 24.98 
 
 
 of sp. gr. (at 15). acid C g H 12 . 
 
 1.16 
 
 32.06 
 
 
 1.0167 3.67 
 
 1.20 
 
 39.04 
 
 
 1.0337 7.33 
 
 1.24 
 
 46.03 
 
 
 1.0511 11. 
 
 1.28 
 
 52.59 
 
 
 1.0690 14.66 
 
 1.32 
 
 58.75 
 
 
 1.1062 22. 
 
 1 36 
 
 64.56 
 
 
 1.1654 33 
 
 (Richter, in 
 
 Gmeliri's Handbook, 10. 
 
 271.) 
 
 
 From these results Schiff deduces the formula 
 
 1 0086 
 
 ..... 1.63 
 
 
 P = 0.0044637 p +0.000016529 p 2 ; in which 
 
 1.0235 
 
 5.00 
 
 
 D = the sp. gr. of the solution, and p the per- 
 
 1 0678 
 
 1428 
 
 
 centage of substance in the solution, by means 
 
 1.1090 
 
 22.27 
 
 
 of which Ott has calculated the following table. 
 
 1.1217 
 
 25.01 
 
 
 
 1.1553 
 
 30.76 
 
 
 
 1.1740 
 
 34.24 
 
 
 
 1.2078 
 
 40.00 
 
 
 . 
 
 1 2736 
 
 . 51.42 
 
 
 
 (Osann, Kastner's Archiv., 1824, 3. 370.) 
 
TARTRATES. 
 
 677 
 
 From these experimental results Osann deduces ' it resembles closely, being, like it, soluble in aque- 
 the formula : y = 0.01729 x + 4.1, by which to ous solutions of caustic potash, soda, and ammo- 
 calculate the percentage for any sp. gr. between nia, and of the alkaline carbonates, as well as 
 1.1217 and 1.2736; in this formula x = the sp. 
 gr. of the solution, and y the percentage of acid 
 in the solution. 
 
 An aqueous solution containing 25% of crys 
 
 tallized tartaric acid, boils at 102.2; one of 50% 
 boils at 106.7. (Gerlach's Sp. Gew. der Salzlce- 
 sunqen, p. 111.) 
 
 Soluble in 2.06 pts. of alcohol, of 80%, at 15 ; 
 or 100 pts. of 80% alcohol at 15, dissolve 49 pts. 
 of it ; or, the solution in 80% alcohol, saturated 
 at 15, contains 33% of it, and its sp. gr. is 0.999. 
 (H. Schiff, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1860, 113. 189.) 
 Readily soluble in alcohol ; more soluble in wood- 
 spirit. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 Entirely insoluble in pure oil of turpentine. 
 
 in the stronger acids. (H. Rose, Jr.) 
 
 TARTKATE OF AMMONIA & OF ANTIMONY. 
 (Ammoniacal Tar tar Emetic.) Efflorescent. 
 
 C 8 H 4 Sb< (N H 4 ) 14 + Aq & 5 Aq Much more sol- 
 uble in water 
 than the corresponding potash salt. 
 
 TARTRATB OF AMMONIA & OF ARSENIC. 
 Cg H 4 As'" (N H 4 ) 14 4- Aq Efflorescent. More sol- 
 uble than arsenious acid 
 in water. (Mitscherlich.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF IRON(FC J I Os). 
 C 8 H 4 Fe a ' (N H 4 ) O u + 4 Aq 
 
 Soluble in 
 more than 
 
 a little 
 1 pt. of 
 
 water, and the aqueous solution is not decom- 
 
 (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28.67.) In- posed by long-continued boiling. Alcohol pre- 
 soluble in caoutchin, but is decomposed when c ipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Procter, 
 boiled with it. (Himly.) Soluble in boiling j A mer . J .Pharm.) 
 creosote, the solution solidifying as it becomes 
 cold. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 Right and left tartaric acids, as well as their 
 
 compounds, have identical solubilities so long as 
 they are contained in combinations which exert 
 no action upon polarized light ; but when united 
 with bodies which have any molecular action 
 whatsoever on the plane of polarization, then 
 their identity ceases, and they have no longer the 
 same solubility. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 38. pp. 460, 461.) 
 
 The normal tartrates, excepting those of the 
 alkalies, are but sparingly soluble, or insoluble, in 
 water ; the acid salts, on the other hand, are 
 mostly soluble, except those of the alkalies. All 
 the metallic tartrates, which are insoluble in wa- 
 ter, are soluble in chlorhydric and nitric acids, 
 and, excepting those of silver and mercury, in 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF LEAD. 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF LIME. The 
 aqueous solution of bitartrate of lime is not pre- 
 cipitated by ammonia. (The'nard [T.J.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 Easily soluble in water, being much more soluble 
 than normal tartrate of magnesia. Decomposed 
 by ammonia-water. (W. Mayer, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 101. 166.) 'Very readily soluble in a 
 solution of sulphate of ammonia, less soluble in a 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. (Field.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH. Efflo- 
 C 8 H 4 (N H 4 ) K 0,j rescent. Soluble in 2 pts. of cold, 
 and in less than 1 pt. of boiling 
 water. (Wittstein's Handw.) Soluble in 2 pts. 
 of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash and soda ; \fur Pharm., 8._201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 
 also in ammonia-water, excepting tartrate of mer- 
 cury. 
 
 On the addition of a small portion of a ferment 
 to dilute aqueous solutions of the alkaline tar- 
 trates, exposed to the air in a tolerably warm 
 place, decomposition rapidly ensues, the salt 
 being converted into a carbonate. (Buchner, Jr., 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1851, 78. 207.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ALLYL. Soluble in ether. De- 
 composed by alkaline solutions. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ALUMINA. Permanent. Readily 
 C M H 13 (Alj' 1 '), Oas soluble in water, (v. Paecken.) 
 Not precipitated by the alka- 
 lies, or alkaline carbonates. (H. Rose.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ALUMINA & POTASH. Per- 
 manent. Very easily soluble in water. (Vogel.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent, with loss of ammonia. 
 
 C 8 H 4 (N H 4 ) 3 0, 2 Very soluble in water, but more 
 
 easily in cold than in hot water. 
 
 II.) acid. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 Cg H 5 (N H 4 ) 0, 2 readily soluble in boiling water. 
 Completely insoluble in absolute 
 alcohol. (Ncellner.) 
 
 100 pts. of water at 15 dissolve 2.192 pts. of 
 right bitartrate of ammonia. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 38. 464.) The right bitartrate 
 combines with active bimalate of ammonia (q. 
 vid.), but the left bitartrate does not thus com- 
 bine, and is less soluble in a solution of active 
 birnalate of ammonia than in pure water. (Pas- 
 
 1854, p. 76.) Very soluble in water. In conse- 
 quence of the ammonia-salt being less soluble, 
 this compound has a tendency to contain more 
 than one equivalent of ammonia. Thus Ram- 
 melsberg describes a salt of the following com- 
 position, C 8 H* (N H 4 )f K| Oi2 + Aq. 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. The 
 C 8 II 4 (N H 4 ) Na 0, 2 + 8 Aq solubility of both the 
 right and left tartrate 
 
 of ammonia and soda is the same ; by direct 
 experiment it was found that 1 pt. of the right 
 tartrate is soluble in 3.706 pts. of water at ; 
 and 1 pt. of the left tartrate in 3.742 pts. of water 
 at 0. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28. 91.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 URANIUM. Resembles the corresponding potash- 
 salt. 
 
 TARTRATE OF AMMONIUMCHLOROPLATIN- 
 
 (Gros's Tartrale.) (oMs)AMMONIUM. Somewhat 
 
 soluble in water. (Gros, Ann. 
 der Pharm., 1838, 27. 256.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANILIN. More soluble in boil- 
 ing than in cold water. (Hofmann, Ann, Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 9. 155.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANISAMATE OF ETHYL. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 53. pp. 346, 347.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in 
 C 24 H 9 (Sb"') 2 42 (?) or Sb 3l 3 C< H 8 6 water. Alcohol 
 
 precipitates No. 
 
 tetir, loc. cit., p. 465.) More soluble in water , II. from the aqueous solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 
 than bitartrate of potash, which in other respects 1 3. 1124.) 
 
678 
 
 TARTRATES. 
 
 II.) di. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Soluble 
 
 2 Sb 8 , C 8 H 6 12 4- 2 Aq in a solution of normal 
 
 tartrate of potash, and in 
 
 most other soluble tartrates, with combination. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) add. Insoluble in alcohol. (Peligot, 
 Sb 3 , C 8 H 4 10 (?) Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 
 290.) 
 
 IV.) peracid. Deliquesces in moist air. Very 
 Sb 3 , C 16 H 18 28 ? soluble in water. ( Peligot, loc. 
 cit., p. 289.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OP BARYTA. Ppt. 
 
 C 8 H 4 Ba Sb' 14 + 2 Aq 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF CADMIUM. 
 C 8 H 4 Sb'" Cd O u Ppt. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF CHROMIUM. 
 C B H 4 Or,'" Sb'" 18 Ppt. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & of sesquioxide OF 
 C 8 H 4 Fe 2 '" Sb"' 18 IRON. Ppt. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 4 Sb'" Pb O u 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF LIME. .Ppt. 
 
 C e H 4 Sb"' Ca O u 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF LITHIA. 
 C g H 4 Sb'" Li O u + 5 Aq 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Effloresces superficially. Soluble 
 (Tartar Emetic.) in 14.5 ptS. of Cold, and in 
 
 Cg H t Sb"' K On -f- Aq 1.88 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Bucholz.) 
 
 [In Brandes's Archiv. (3. 223), R. Brandes & 
 Firnhaber have published statements concerning 
 the solubility of tartar emetic, which have been 
 copied into many text-books of chemistry ; but 
 the figures of the article in question exhibit little 
 accordance among themselves, and are in several 
 instances manifestly erroneous. In the statements 
 of the immediate results of their experiments, the 
 figures indicate that the substance weighed by 
 these chemists in their determinations was the 
 anhydride C 8 H 2 K Sb O J2 [Eq. = 307.2]. Start- 
 ing from this inference, I have recalculated each 
 of their experiments from the statement of "dry 
 residue found " ; estimating the ordinary crystal- 
 lized salt as C 8 Ho K Sb O 15 [Eq. = 334.2*]. See 
 the following table.] 
 
 1 Or, the aqueous solution 
 saturated at C. 
 
 8.75" . . . 
 
 Contains per- 
 cent of it. 
 
 . . 5 05 
 
 21.25 
 
 8.05 
 
 31.25 
 
 12.30 
 
 37.5 
 
 15.13 
 
 50 
 
 18.05 
 
 62.5 
 
 21.02 
 
 75 
 
 31.48 
 
 87.5 
 100 
 
 33.13 
 36.26 
 
 1 pt. of the crystallized salt is 
 
 soluble in 18.80 pts. of water at 8.75 
 
 " 11.42 21.25 
 
 " 7.13 31.25 
 
 " 5.61 37.5 
 
 " 4.54 50 
 
 " 3.76 62.5 
 
 " 2.18 75 
 
 " 2.02 87.5 
 
 " 1.76 100 
 
 Or, 100 pts. 
 of water at 
 
 8.75 
 21.25 
 31.25 
 37.5 
 50 
 62.5 
 75 
 87.5 
 100 
 
 dissolve 
 
 5.320 pts. of it. 
 
 8.756 
 
 14.021 " 
 
 17.830 " 
 
 22.025 " 
 
 26.608 " 
 
 45.933 " 
 
 49.541 " 
 
 56.895 
 * The equivalent of antimony, after Dexter, = 122. 
 
 (From the data given by R. Brandes & Firn- 
 haber, Brandes's Archiv., 1823, 3. 223.) 
 100 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 6.6 pts. of it. 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 33 
 50 
 
 (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 Soluble in 16 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, 
 from (Eslerr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in' 
 Canstatt's Jahresbericht fiir 1854, p. 76.) It is 
 liable to form supersaturated solutions. (Ogden.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 Freely soluble in glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm., 
 p. 236.) 
 
 The aqueous solution soon decomposes, but a 
 solution prepared by dissolving 1 pt. of the salt in 
 50 pts. of water, and adding 10 pts. of alcohol, 
 may be kept. (Harms, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 96. 
 128.) 
 
 II.) acid. Efflorescent. More soluble than 
 C 8 H 4 Sb"' K 14 ; C s H 6 0,, + 2 Aq the preceding 
 
 salt in water. 
 
 Alcohol precipitates the preceding salt when 
 added to the aqueous solution. (Knapp.) 
 
 III.) Sparingly soluble in water, from which 
 C 8 H 4 Sb'" K 14 ; 3 C a H 5 K 0,, + 3 Aq it is precipi- 
 tated on the 
 addition of alcohol. (Knapp.) 
 
 IV.) c g H 4 Sb'" K ]4 ; 6 C 8 H 4 K 2 12 (Knapp.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 4 Sb'" Ag 0, 4 + 2 Aq 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF SODA. Hy- 
 C 8 H 4 Sb"' Na 14 + Aq groscopic. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF STRONTIA. 
 
 C 8 H 4 Sb'" Sr 14 
 
 Almost insoluble in boiling wa- 
 ter ; much more soluble in an 
 
 o ii o " 
 
 Sb'" ! Ur 2 ' 
 
 aqueous solution of nitrate of strontia. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ANTIMONY & OF URANIUM. 
 C 8 H 4 Sb Ur 2 16 + 2 Aq = Soluble in boiling, 
 
 but exceedingly 
 -f 2 Aq & 9 Aq sparingly soluble 
 in cold water. (Pe'- 
 ligot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 566.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ARSENIC) As 8 ) & OF POTASH. 
 
 ' w Aau-n c a H, K " ) n , Efflores- 
 
 , g H 4 As K 14 + Aq = K 8 .fjgf S 6 + Aq cen| . 
 
 TARTRATE OF ARSENIC (As Oe) & OF POTASH. 
 C 8 H 4 As K 16 + 5 Aq = '."*,?'" j <> 8 + 6 Aq ^cry 
 
 b 1 e 
 
 in water, but the solution soon decomposes, un- 
 less free arsenic acid is present. Alcohol precipi- 
 tates it from the aqueous solution. (Pelouze, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 64.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ASPARAGIN. Soluble in water. 1 
 TARTRATE OF AZONAPHTYLAMIN. Tolerably 
 soluble in water, and alcohol ; less soluble in 
 ether. 
 
 TARTRATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in from 400 @ 1000 pts. 
 C 8 H 4 Ba a Q,, of water ; less easily soluble after 
 
TARTRATES. 
 
 679 
 
 drying. (Bolle.) Easily soluble in tartaric acid. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of tartrate of am- ' 
 monia. 
 
 When recently precipitated, it is soluble in a 
 cold aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium, 
 and also, though less readily, in a solution of 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 
 10. 96.) Unlike the tartrates of lime and stron- 
 tia, its solutions in the fixed caustic alkalies do 
 not coagulate when heated. (Osann, Gilberts 
 Ann der Pki/s., 1821, 69. 290.) Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. (Witt- 
 stein. ) Soluble in an aqueous solution of normal 
 citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 II.) bi. 100 pts. of water at 18.3 dissolve 1.24 
 C, H 6 Ba QI, + 2 Aq pts. of it. (Thomson's Si/s- 
 tem of Chem., London, 1831, 
 2. 488.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF BARYTA & OF POTASH. Very 
 C. H K Ba o,, + 2 Aq sparingly soluble in water. 
 (Dalk.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF BARYTA & OF SODA. Spar- 
 C 8 H 4 Na Ba O u + 2 Aq ingly soluble in water; 
 more soluble in aqueous 
 
 solutions of Rocbelle salts, and of chloride of 
 barium. (Kaiser.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF BENZIDIN. Much more solu- 
 ble in water than benzidin. 
 
 TARTRATE OF BISMUTH. Decomposed by 
 
 a Ri n <? r w n - pure water. Insolu- 
 
 A HI u a , d u 8 H 4 u 10 = r u j-i t 
 
 o-r. n A it i b' e in c ld dilute tar- 
 
 Saw* ' jO w + Aq&6Aq taric acid. 
 
 TARTRATE OF BISMUTH & OF POTASH. De- 
 C g H 4 (Bi'") 2 O ia ; C 8 H 4 K, 12 composed by water. 
 (Schwarzenberg.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF BORON(B Oa) & OF LIME, 
 B'" ) n . o C, H 4 8 '< ( , 2 A with 
 
 Ca . C B H 4 8 \ ' 3 H . Ca | + " A<1 T A 01- 
 
 TRA T E 
 
 OF LIME. Soluble in 257 pts. of water. (Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF BORON(B Os) & OF POTASH. 
 
 (Soluble Cream of Tartar. BoroTartrate of Potash.) 
 I.) Permanent. Soluble in 0.75 pt. of cold, 
 
 ing water. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius's Lehrb.) Solu- 
 ble in 1 pt. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 II.) Readily soluble in water. Sparingly solu- 
 
 r w RTT n r w TT n ble in alcohol of 
 
 C 8 H 4 B K 14 , C 8 H B K U 12 _ 
 
 C H 40s"}o + C 8 H 8"J() 
 
 III.) Permanent. Easily soluble in water. 
 C 8 H KBO = 8 /; H * 8 " 1 ; Slightly decom- 
 B " K ' posed by alcohol, 
 
 V" H 8 j i + 3 Aq which also dis- 
 
 solves a trace of 
 it as such. (Wittstein.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF BORON(B Os), OF POTASH, & 
 
 (Borotartrate of Soda.) OF SODA. Slow- 
 
 K" r H n nl e 5 wT r H n /i 1 lv deliquescent. 
 
 IV . Co H 4 U ft " S D ' Pla . L/ R H* Uo" S -r ! i 
 
 U% 3 very easily sol- 
 
 ' H Cg Jlj OR" 3 ^ ^^ uole in w&ter. 
 
 Insoluble in, or 
 
 decomposed by, alcohol. (Duflos.) 
 [There are several other compounds.] 
 
 TARTRATE OF BORON(B Os) & OF SODA. 
 C 16 H I2 Na B 2 31 = ^,%y 6 ; As hygroscopic 
 r H ,, , as borax. Ea- 
 
 T$n H 8 |0 8 + 3Aq gily S0 l nble in 
 
 water. Slightly 
 
 decomposed by alcohol, which also dissolves traces 
 of it as such. (Wittstein.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF BRUCINE. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 a = "right." Efflorescent, though less so than 
 
 C. H 4 (N, j c H S8 8 " . H ) the left salt. Spar- 
 
 ' ingly soluble in cold, 
 
 On + 6 Aq & 11 Aq exceedingly soluble 
 
 in warm water. Spar- 
 
 ingly soluble in cold alcohol, being less soluble 
 therein than the left salt. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 38.472.) 
 
 6 = left. Very efflorescent. Sparingly solu- 
 C 8 H 4 (N, | C* H M 0.^. H ) 2 O n + 28 Aq ^ 
 
 ceeding- 
 
 ly soluble in warm water. More soluble in alco- 
 hol than the right salt. (Pasteur, loc. cit.) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 a = right. Soluble in water. Very sparingly 
 r H f N J r -a on H V soluble in cold, 
 
 ^8 "5 1^21 ^ "2 "a " l", 111 . 
 
 V. / " more soluble m 
 
 hot alcohol. (Pas- 
 teur, loc. cit., pp. 472, 473.) 
 
 b = left. Effloresces in dry air. Very spar- 
 
 i n g'y soluble 
 . 
 
 ceedingly sol- 
 
 uble in warm water. Soluble in alcohol. (Pas- 
 teur, loc. cit.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF CADMIUM. Difficultly soluble 
 C 8 H 4 Cd 2 0, 2 in water. 
 
 . TARTRATE of protoxide OF CERIUM. Sparingly 
 C 8 H 4 Ce 2 O ia soluble in water. Readily soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of caustic pot- 
 ash and soda, and still more soluble in ammonia- 
 water. No more soluble in tartaric acid than in 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 .Bt'TARTRATE OF CESIUM. Soluble in 10.32 
 C 8 H s CB 12 pts. of water at 25, and in 1.02 pts. 
 of boiling water ; being about 8 times 
 as soluble as the corresponding rubidium salt. 
 (Allen, Am. J. Sci., 1862, 34. pp. 372, 373.) 
 TARTRATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Easily soluble in 
 C J4 H n (Cr 2 ') 2 035 water. (Moser.) Not precipi- 
 
 tated by alkaline solutions. 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. (Berzelius's 
 C 16 H 8 (Cr,' ') a 24 Lehrb., 3. 1 092.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF CHROMIUM & OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 4 o,'" Pb 14 
 
 TARTRATE OF CHROMIUM & OF POTASH. 
 C g H 4 Cr,"' K 0, 4 + 7 Aq Slowly soluble in cold 
 water, but quickly and 
 abundantly in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 TARTRATE OF CHROMIUM & OF SILVER. 
 C 8 H 4 Ur,'" Ag I4 
 
 TARTRATE OF CINCHONICIN. The right salt 
 is more soluble in water than the left salt. 
 
 TARTRATE OF CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. 
 
 II.) acid. Very difficultly soluble in water. 
 (Leers, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 82. 160.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF CINCHONIN. 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. (Arppe.) 
 C, H 4 N, C 40 H 24 <V . H 12 + 4 Aq 
 
680 
 
 TARTRATE S, 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 a = right. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 / ( \ much more 
 
 C 8 H 6 (N 2 {o 40 H 24 2 ".Hj0 12 + 8Aq g()luble 
 
 warm water. 
 
 Very soluble in absolute alcohol. (Pasteur, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 38. pp. 470, 472.) 
 b = left. Extremely sparingly soluble in water, 
 
 absolute al- 
 
 cohol at 19 dissolve 0.296 pt. of the crystallized 
 salt, or 1 pt. of the latter is soluble in 337.8 pts. 
 of absolute alcohol at 19. (Pasteur, loc. tit.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF COBALT. Soluble in water. 
 C, H 4 Co 2 12 Not precipitated by the caustic or 
 carbonated alkalies. 
 
 TARTRATE OF COBALT & OF POTASH. 
 C 8 H 4 Co K O 12 
 
 TARTRATE OF CODEIN. 
 
 TARTRATE OF CONIIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Soluble 
 C g H 4 Cuj O ia + 6 Aq in 1715 pts. of cold, and in 
 310 pts. of boiling water. 
 (Werther.) Insoluble in cold water, but dissolves 
 in more than 1000 pts. of boiling water. (Tromms- 
 dorff.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash and soda, and in 2.5 pts. of carbonate of 
 potash in aqueous solution. Easily soluble in a 
 boiling, but nearly insoluble in cold dilute aque- 
 ous solution of carbonate of soda. Soluble in 
 cold nitric acid. Insoluble in tartaric acid. 
 
 TARTRATE OF COPPER(CU O) & OF POTASH. 
 C 8 H 4 Cu K O w Readily soluble in water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Werther.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF COPPER & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) basic. Somewhat difficultly soluble in cold, 
 C 8 H 4 Cu NaOu ; 2 Cu + 7 Aq but easily soluble 
 in warm water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. (Werther.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF CDMIDIN. 
 
 TARTRATE OF CCPR(*'C)AMMONIUM. Perma- 
 
 / i H \ nent. Soluble in 
 
 c H ( N | Cu Jj " + 4 Aq ammonia-water, from 
 
 which it is precipi- 
 
 tated on the addition of alcohol. (Du Menil.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF EMETIN. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) normal. Very easily soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 4 (C 4 H s ), 12 Miscible with ether in all pro- 
 portions. (Demondesir.) 
 
 II.) acid. Vid. EthylTartaric Acid. 
 C 8 H 5 (C 4 II 5 ) 12 
 
 TARTRATE OF ETHTLAMIN. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. (E. 
 Meyer.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF FURFURIN. 
 
 I.) acid. Permanent. Soluble in water. 
 (Svanberg & Bergstrb'm.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF GLUCINA. Readily soluble in 
 C, 4 H w (GV") OM water. (Vauquelin.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF GLYCOCOLL. Soluble in water. 
 When alcohol is added to the aqueous solution an 
 oily fluid separates. (Horsford, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 
 4. 63.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF GUANIN. 
 3 C 10 H B N 6 2 , 2 C 8 H 6 0,, + 4 Aq 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 C 8 H 4 Fe 2 O w Soluble in 1127 pts. of cold water 
 
 [about 1200 pts. of water at 15 
 
 (Wittstein's Handno., & Berzelius's Lehrb.)]. 
 
 (Dulk.) Readily soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 6 == hydrated. Soluble in 426 pts. of cold 
 water, and in 402 pts. of boiling water. (Bu- 
 cholz.) It is not precipitated by the alkalies or 
 alkaline carbonates. Persoz mentions a " tartrate 
 of iron" which is insoluble in water. (Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (2.) 63. 278.) 
 
 TARTRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Toler- 
 C 24 H 12 (Fe,"') s Ojo + 6 Aq ably permanent. Ea- 
 sily soluble in water, 
 
 the aqueous solution undergoing partial decom- 
 position when boiled. Not precipitated by alka- 
 lies. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. (Wittstein.) 
 
 Soluble basic compounds may be obtained, 
 though not so easily as with many other acids ; 
 three equivalents of tartaric acid being required 
 to take up two equivalents of ferric oxide. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., 1858, (2.) 26. 202.) Not pre- 
 cipitated by caustic alkalies. 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide Sf sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Soluble in 384 pts. of cold, and in 320 pts. 
 C 8 H 4 Fe 2 12 ; C M n 12 (Fe 2 ') 2 38 + 4 Aq of boiling 
 
 water. 
 (Bucholz.) 
 
 II.) Resembles the normal tartrate of sesqui- 
 C 8 H 4 Fe 2 12 ; 3(C 24 H, 2 (Fe,"'), K ) + 24 Aq Oxide of 
 
 iron. 
 
 (Wittstein.) The aqueous solution is decomposed 
 by continuous boiling. 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 C 8 H 4 Fe 2 12 ; 3 (C ]2 H g (Fe 2 ') 2 0*) ether. Acetic 
 
 acid only dis- 
 solves traces of it. Completely soluble in much 
 tartaric acid. Easily soluble in the mineral acids. 
 Insoluble in ammonia-water. (Wittstein.) 
 
 TARTRAT-E of protoxide OF IRON & OF POTASH. 
 C 8 H 4 Fe K 12 Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 TARTRATE of sesquioxide OF IRON & OF POT- 
 ASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Hygroscopic. Soluble in 7 pts. of 
 
 C 8 H 4 KFe 2 '"Oi 4 water. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 518.) 
 
 The dry salt is soluble in 4 pts. of 
 
 water, and is also slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Bucholz [T.].) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) basic. There are numerous other basic 
 salts more or less soluble in water ; most of them 
 being but partially soluble, however. 
 
 Bitartrate of potash can dissolve two equiva- 
 lents of hydrated sesquioxide of iron, making 
 2 Fe 2 O 3 , K O, C 8 H 4 10 . (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., 
 1858, (2.) 26. 202.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF LANTHANUM. Soluble in am- 
 monia-water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF LEAD. Almost entirely insol- 
 C 8 H 4 Pb 2 12 uble in water. (Pasteur, Ann. Ch. 
 et Phys., (3.) 28. 65.) Very solu- 
 ble in tartaric and nitric acids, from which it is 
 not precipitated on the addition of alcohol. Ea- 
 sily soluble in an aqueous solution of tartrate of 
 ammonia. Soluble in warm solutions of the ni- 
 trate and succinate of ammonia, and imperfectly 
 in carbonate of ammonia. (Wittstein.) Soluble 
 in nitric, but insoluble in acetic acid. (Persoz, 
 Chim. Mole'c., p. 354, text and note.) When re- 
 cently precipitated it is soluble in a cold aqueous 
 solution of chloride of ammonium ; the lead may 
 be reprecipitated from this solution by adding an 
 
TARTRATES. 
 
 681 
 
 excess of caustic ammonia. (Brett; Phil. Mag., \ coagulation occurs as well in closed as in open 
 837, (3.) 10. pp 96, 99.) Soluble in a strong vessels; up to a certain point the precipitate is 
 
 aqueous solution of chloride of sodium ; from the 
 solution thus obtained crystals of a double salt of 
 tartrate and chloride of lead separate out after a 
 time. (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 20. pp. 1523, 
 1525.) Soluble in aqueous solutions of the caus- 
 tic alkalies. 
 
 TARTRATE OF LEAD & OP POTASH. Insolu- 
 C 8 H 4 Pb K Oj, ble in water, and is not decom- 
 posed by aqueous solutions of the 
 alkaline sulphates or carbonates. (The'nard.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 8 H 4 Ca, 0,, + 8 Aq somewhat more soluble in 
 boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in 1995 pts. of water at 8. 
 
 906 " " at 80. (Osann. 
 
 600 " boiling water. 
 1210 " cold " 
 " 350 " boiling " 
 
 (Casselmann, J. Ch. Soc., 8. 306 ; from Arch 
 Pharm., 83. 148.) 
 
 Insoluble in cold water ; but 100 pts. of boiling 
 water dissolve 0.16 pt. of it. (Ure's Diet.) Ea- 
 sily soluble in the mineral acids, acetic acid, tar- 
 taric acid, in an aqueous solution of bitartrate ol 
 potash, or of any of the soluble tartrates. When 
 recently precipitated it is soluble even in cold 
 aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium and 
 nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, 
 (3.) 10. 96.) This solution does not occur, how- 
 ever, after the precipitate has become crystalline. 
 (Wittstein.) The chlorhydric acid solution of 
 tartrate of lime is not precipitated on the addition 
 of ammonia. 
 
 Soluble in concentrated aqueous solutions of 
 normal tartrate of potash, tartrate of potash and 
 ammonia, and tartrate of potash and soda, sepa- 
 rating out again for the most part when the solu- 
 tions are diluted with water. (Hornemann.) A 
 solution of 1 pt. of normal tartrate of potash in 
 1 pt. of water dissolves 27% of tartrate of lime at 
 the temperature of ebullition. (Hornemann.) 
 Soluble in cold, or better in moderately 'warm 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash or soda ; a 
 completely saturated solution obtained in this 
 manner is partially precipitated on the addition 
 of water, but no precipitate is produced by water 
 in solutions containing an excess of alkali. These 
 solutions in the fixed alkalies undergo decom- 
 position on being heated, a basic tartrate of lime 
 being precipitated, but this precipitate redissolves 
 as the liquid in which it has formed becomes cold. 
 (Osann, Kastner's Archiv., 1824,3. 207; compare 
 Tartrate of Lime & of Potash.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 140 pts. of water at 16 
 Cg H s Ca 1S [45 in B.'s Lehrb.] ; more readily 
 
 soluble in hot water. (Dulk.) 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water, or in hot or 
 3CaO,T.cold potash lye. (Osann, Kastner's 
 Archiv., 1824, 3. 209, and 1825, 5. 
 107.) 
 
 TARTRATB OF LIME & OF POTASH. 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) With excess of Tartrate of Potash. Hygro- 
 scopic, Completely soluble in boiling, but de- 
 composed by cold water. (Hornemann.) Solu- 
 ble in water. Whenever the cold aqueous solu- 
 tion is heated to boiling an abundant precipitate 
 is formed, but redissolves when the liquid is 
 allowed to cool. (Lassone, Me'moires de I'Acad. 
 
 des Sci. (de Paris), 1773, p. 193 et seq.) 
 86 
 
 This 
 
 precipitate 
 
 more abundant in proportion as the solution is 
 more concentrated, but when the solution is very 
 concentrated coagulation no longer occurs ; as a 
 rule, the temperature at which precipitation takes 
 place is higher in proportion as the solution is 
 more concentrated, and the precipitate also dis- 
 solves again more quickly when the solution from 
 which it was precipitated is more concentrated. 
 (Osann, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1821, 69. pp. 
 288, 291.) The precipitate consists of basic tar- 
 trate of lime. (Osann, Kastner's Archiv.. 1824, 
 3. 204.) 
 
 III.) acid. Nearly insoluble in cold, decom- 
 posed by boiling water. (Martius.) 
 
 TAHTRATE OF LIME & OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Sparingly soluble in water, more readily 
 
 C 8 H 4 CaNaO, 2 soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 
 Rochelle salt, and still more 
 
 readily in a solution of chloride of calcium. 
 
 (Kaiser.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. Whenever the 
 cold aqueous solution is heated nearly to boiling 
 an abundant precipitate is formed, but redissolves 
 when the liquid is allowed to cool. (Lassone, 
 Me'moires de I'Acad. des Sci. (de Paris), 1773, p. 
 199.) This coagulation occurs as well in closed 
 as in open vessels ; up to a certain point the pre- 
 cipitate is more abundant in proportion as the 
 solution is more concentrated, but in very con- 
 centrated solutions precipitation no longer occurs. 
 As a rule, the temperature at which precipitation 
 takes place is higher in proportion as the solution 
 is more concentrated, and the precipitate also 
 dissolves again more quickly when the solution 
 from which it was precipitated is- more concen- 
 trated. (Osann, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1821, 
 69. pp. 288, 291.) The precipitate consists of 
 basic tartrate of lime. (Osann, Kastner's Archiv., 
 1824, 3. 204.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. Very readily soluble 
 CgH^LijOu in water. (Arfvedson ) 
 
 IE.) acid. Still more soluble in water than the 
 C, H 6 Li 0, 2 + 3 Aq normal salt. (C. Gmelin.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF LITHIA & OF POTASH. Per- 
 C 8 H 4 Li K Oj, + 2 Aq manent. (Troost.) Slight- 
 ly efflorescent. Readily sol- 
 uble in water. (C. Gmelin.) 
 
 TAHTRATE OF LITHIA & OF SODA. Super- 
 
 C 8 H 4 Li Na I2 + 4 Aq 
 Gmelin.) 
 
 ficially efflorescent, 
 sily soluble in water. 
 
 Ea- 
 (C. 
 
 TAHTRATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 122 pts. of water at 16. 
 C 8 H 4 Mg, 1Z + 8 Aq (Dulk.) [In 123.3 pts. of 
 water at 15. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.).] When recently precipitated, it is soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammonium, 
 and also, though less readily, of nitrate of ammo- 
 nia. .(Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 1O. 96.) 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 52 pts. of water, at 16 
 [in 53 pts. of water at 15. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.).] (Dulk.) Difficultly 
 soluble in alcohol, which precipitates it from the 
 aqueous solution. (Bergman, Essays, 1. 450.) 
 
 III.) basic. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 2 8 H 4 Mg 2 Oi,, 2 Mg + 4 Aq requiring 4100 pts. of 
 water, at the ordinary 
 
 :emperature, to dissolve it. In ammoniacal water 
 ts solubility is the same as in pure water. Some- 
 what more readily soluble in an aqueous solution 
 
682 
 
 TARTRATES. 
 
 of chloride of ammonium. (W. Mayer, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 101. 169.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF MAGNESIA & OF POTASH. 
 I.) Easily soluble in water, being much more 
 C g H 4 Mg K 12 -f- 8 Aq readily soluble than the 
 normal tartrate of magne- 
 sia. (W. Mayer, he. cit.) . 
 
 II.) Small crystals. Permanent. Insoluble in 
 2 C 8 H 4 Mg, O ia ; C 8 H 5 K O u + 4 Aq water. ( T. 
 
 Thomson, in 
 his System of Chem., London, 1831, 2. 794.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF MAGNESIA & OF SODA. Efflo- 
 
 C 8 H 4 Mg Na 0,, + 10 Aq rescent. Easily soluble 
 
 in water; being much 
 
 more readily soluble than the normal tartrate of 
 magnesia. "( W. Mayer, loc. cit. ) 
 
 TARTRATE OF MAGNESIA & OF UREA. Tol- 
 Mg 0, C 2 H 4 N 2 3 , 2 C 8 H 4 10 erably soluble, in wa- 
 ter. (Hlaziwetz.) 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE. Dif- 
 
 C 8 H 4 Mn 2 12 ficultly soluble in water. Decom- 
 
 posed by boiling water to an insol- 
 
 uble basic and a soluble acid salt. (Pfaff.) Not 
 
 precipitated by alkaline solutions. 
 
 TARTRATE of sesquioxide OF MANGANESE. 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF MANGANESE & OF 
 C 8 H 4 Mn K 0, 2 POTASH. Very soluble in water. 
 Not precipitated by caustic or car- 
 bonated alkalies. (Scheele.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF MKRCUR(Z'C) AMMONIUM with 
 n u /wfH. \ n RH n pro^OxiDE OF MER- 
 
 1000 pts. of water; 
 
 and in 455 pts. of alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Easily soluble in chlorhydric acid. Partially sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric acid ; scarcely at 
 all soluble in cold, almost entirely soluble in hot 
 nitric acid. (Harff.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF n'MERCUR(/c)AMMONiuM. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. 
 
 II.) " neutral." Readily soluble in water either 
 hot or cold. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. Sol- 
 uble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid. (Burck- 
 hardt.) 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 ether. Easily soluble in nitric, acetic, and tartaric 
 acids. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 TARTATE OF MERCUR(OMS)AMMONIUM. 
 
 I.) basic, white. Insoluble either in hot or in 
 cold water. Soluble, especially while it is moist, 
 in ammonia-water, and in aqueous solutions of 
 nitrate and tartrate of ammonia. Soluble in strong 
 acetic acid, in hot nitric acid, and in cold concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 II.) basic, black. Insoluble in water, alcohol, 
 or ether. Mostly soluble in nitric and acetic 
 acids. (Harff.) 
 
 TARTRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 C 8 H 4 Hg 4 12 uble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 Decomposed by boiling water. Ea- 
 sily soluble, especially when moist, in strong 
 acetic, and tartaric acids, in nitric acid, even di- 
 lute, and in boiling concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 but less easily soluble in dilute sulphuric acid. 
 (Burckhardt.) 1000 pts. of water dissolve 1.2 pts. 
 of it ; 1000 pts. of alcohol 1.3 pts. When boiled 
 with pure water it is decomposed, 4 an acid salt 
 dissolving, while an insoluble basic salt remains. 
 Soluble without decomposition in a boiling aque- 
 ous solution of tartaric acid. (Harff, in Berze- 
 
 lius's Lehrb.) When treated with aqueous solu- 
 tions of the alkaline chlorides, and especially if 
 these are hot, a certain amount of protochloride 
 of mercury is formed and dissolves. (Mialhe, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 179.) Soluble in a hot 
 or warm aqueous solution of chloride of ammo- 
 nium ; less readily soluble in a solution of nitrate 
 of ammonia. (Brett, Phil. Mag., 1837, (3.) 10. 
 97.) 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 C 8 H 4 Hg, M uble in water, alcohol, or ether, even 
 when these are boiling. (Burck- 
 hardt.) 
 
 1000 pts. of water dissolve 3. pts. of it. 
 alcohol " 2.6 " 
 ether " 3.8 " 
 
 In the presence of free tartaric acid its solubility 
 in these liquids is increased. (Harff, in Berzelius's 
 Lehrb.) Only a trifle more soluble in water than 
 the tartrate of the dinoxide, but exceedingly solu^ 
 ble in aqueous solutions of the alkaline chlorides, 
 with formation of protochloride of mercury ; this 
 solution is affected still more readily when heat is 
 applied. (Mialhe, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 182.) 
 Soluble in strong acetic and tartaric acids ; and in 
 boiling concentrated sulphuric acid, though nearly 
 insoluble in cold sulphuric acid. Readily soluble 
 in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 TARTRATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY & OF 
 c s H 4 H Kj K On POTASH. Insoluble in cold, spar- 
 ingly soluble in boiling water. 
 Readily soluble in nitric, acetic, and hot tartaric 
 acid, from the last of which it separates out un- 
 changed on cooling. (Burckhardt.) 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF MERCURY & OF 
 POTASH. Nearly insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 soluble in hot water. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (Burckhardt.) Soluble in ether. (Harff.) 
 Soluble in chlorhydric and nitric acids (Harff), 
 and in warm concentrated sulphuric acid, -with 
 partial decomposition. Also soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of normal tartrate of potash. 
 
 TARTRATE OF METHYL. 
 I.) normal. 
 C 8 H 4 (fc, H 3 ) 2 0,, 
 
 II.) acid. Vid. MethylTartaric Acid. 
 C 8 H n (C a H 3 )0 I2 
 
 TARTRATE OF METHYLNICOTIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. 
 Insoluble in water. Slightly soluble in tartaric 
 acid. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 TARTRATE ofbinoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. Sol- 
 C 8 II 4 Mo" 0, 2 uble in water. Not precipitated by 
 caustic alkalies. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF MOLYBDIC ACTD. Completely 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF MOLYBDENUM & 
 OF POTASH. Sparingly soluble in water. Ea- 
 sily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 TARTRATE ofbinoxide OF MOLYBDENUM & OF 
 POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 II.) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. Solu- 
 ble in alkaline solutions. 
 
 TARTRATE OF MOLYBDIC ACID & OF POT- 
 ASH. Soluble in water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 I.) normal. Efflorescent. Soluble in water, 
 
 N " Hl " OG " ' H and alcoho1 ' 
 
 ( 
 
TARTRATES. 
 
 683 
 
 II.) acid. 
 C 8 H 6 (N j^HiaCV'.H^ 
 
 TARTRATE OF NICKEL. Almost insoluble in 
 C 8 H 4 Ni a 12 water, even when this is hot. ( Wer- 
 ther.) Soluble in tartaric acid, and 
 in the other vegetable acids. It is not precipitated 
 when tartaric acid is added to the solution of a 
 nickel salt. (Tupputi, Ann. de Chim., 1811, 78. 
 164.) Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 caustic potash and soda, and in boiling solutions 
 of the alkaline carbonates. Not precipitated by 
 alkaline carbonates. 
 
 TARTRATE OF NICKEL & OF POTASH. Efflo- 
 C 8 H 4 iNi K 0,. rescent. Easily soluble in water. 
 (Wrehler.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF NICOTIN. Readily soluble in 
 water. (Posselt & Reimann.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF (a) NITRANILIN. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF (/J) NITRANILIN. Soluble in 
 water, and in an aqueous solution of caustic pot 
 ash. (Arppe.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF PALLADIUM. Ppt. 
 C 8 H 4 Pd 2 0,, 
 
 TARTRATE OF PICOLIN. Soluble in absolute 
 alcohol. (Unverdorben.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Deliquesces in very moist air. 
 (Soluble Tartar.) 
 Cg H 4 K 2 Ojj 
 
 Soluble in 0.75 pt. of water at 2 
 " 0.66 " 14 
 
 " 0.63 " 23 
 
 " 0.47 " 64 
 
 (Osann.) 
 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of water at 10, and still more 
 soluble in hot water. (Wenzel, Verwandtschaft, 
 p. 308 [T.].) Soluble in 1 pt. of cold, and in 6.5 
 pt. of boiling water. (Wittstein's Handw.) 100 
 pts. of water dissolve 133 pts. of ifr at 15, and 
 296.2 pts. at 114.7, the boiling* point of the satu- 
 rated aqueous solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 
 168.) Soluble in 240 pts. of boiling alcohol. 
 (Wenzel.) The aqueous solution saturated at 10 
 contains 33.3% of it (Eller) ; and at 12.5, 61.7%. 
 ( Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 291.-) Soluble 
 in 1 pt. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jah- 
 resbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of the satu- 
 rated aqueous solution, at its boiling point (112.2), 
 contain 68 pts. of the dry salt; or 100 pts. of 
 water at 112.2 dissolve 212.5 pts. of it; or 1 pt. 
 of the dry salt is soluble in 0.471 pt. of water at 
 112.2. (T. Griffiths, Quar.J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 The saturated aqueous solution boils at 116.7. 
 (Faraday.) 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in boiling alcohol. 
 
 An aqueous Contains per- 
 
 golution of cent of the 
 
 pp. gr. (at salt. 
 
 12.5) 
 
 1.0050 . . 1 
 
 1.0102 2 
 
 1.0153 3 
 
 1.0212 4 
 
 1.0258 5 
 
 1.0311 6 
 
 1.0363 7 
 
 1.0417 8 
 
 1.0470 9 
 
 1.0525 10 
 
 1 .0634 1 2 
 
 1.0744 . . 14 
 
 An aqueous Contains per- 
 
 solution of cent of the 
 
 sp. gr. (at salt. 
 12.5) 
 
 1.0856 
 1.0968 
 1.1080 
 1 1196 
 1.1317 
 1.1447 
 1.1569 
 1.1700 
 1.1838 
 1.1978 
 1.2118 
 1.2259 
 
 16 
 18 
 20 
 22 
 24 
 26 
 28 
 30 
 32 
 34 
 36 
 38 
 
 An aqueous Contains per- An aqueous Contains per- 
 solution of cent of the solution of cent of the 
 
 (at salt. 
 
 40 
 42 
 44 
 46 
 48 
 50 
 
 sp. gr, 
 
 12.5) 
 1.3351 
 1.3527 
 1.3707 
 1.3902 
 1.4120 
 
 (at salt. 
 
 sp. gr. 
 12.5) 
 1.2400 
 1.2547 
 1.2696 
 1.2861 
 1.3015 
 1.3180 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 304.) 
 In a solution containing The boiling 
 for 100 pts. of water, pts. point is ele- Difference, 
 of dry normal tartrate of vated. 
 potash, 
 
 52 
 54 
 
 56 
 58 
 60 
 
 0.0 . . . . 
 
 26.9 
 
 47.2 
 
 65.0 
 
 82.3 
 100.1 
 118.5 
 137.3 
 156.5 
 176.1 
 196.2 
 216.8 
 237.9 
 259.5 
 281.6 
 296. 2 (saturated) 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 14.6< 
 
 26.9 
 20.3 
 17.8 
 17.3 
 17.8 
 18.4 
 18.8 
 19.2 
 19.6 
 20.1 
 20.6 
 21.1 
 21.6 
 22.1 
 14.6 
 
 The point of ebullition of pure water, observed 
 in a glass tube containing bits of zinc, having 
 been 100.3. (Legrand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 1835, 
 (2.) 59. 438.) It has a remarkable tendency to 
 cause succussion when added to a boiling liquid. 
 (Ibid., p. 426.) 
 
 II.) acid, or bi. Permanent. Very sparingly 
 (Cream of Tartar. Tartar.) soluble in cold water. 
 0. H 6 K M 
 
 Soluble in 240 pts. of water at 10. (Pettenkofer.) 
 
 15.5 
 2.7 
 13 
 40 
 68. 
 
 IT.] 
 
 Soluble in 
 
 183.67 ) 
 
 184.71 (- 
 202.10 ) 
 89.0 
 47.4 
 37.8 
 32.4 
 22.0 
 17.7 
 14.3 
 
 Or, the aqueous solution 
 saturated at C. 
 
 (Osann.) 
 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 
 25 
 
 " 37.5 
 
 " 50 
 
 " 62.5 
 
 " 75 
 
 " 87.5 
 
 " 100 
 
 Contains percent 
 of the salt. 
 (0.54 
 
 18.75 } <0.53 
 
 ) ( 0.49 
 
 25 1.11 
 
 37.5 2.06 
 
 50 2.58 
 
 62.5 2.99 
 
 75 4.35 
 
 87.5 5.62 
 
 100 '. 6.32 
 
 (R. Brandes & Wardenburg, Ann. der Pharm., 
 1832, 1. pp. 12-16.) "[The first of these two 
 tables is calculated from the experimental data of 
 B. & W.I Soluble in 177.6 pts. of water at 
 17.5, and in 15.3 pts. of boiling water (Melan- 
 dri-Contessi, from Gazz. erlet. di Farm., Verona 
 1832, No. 15, in Ann. der Pharm., 1833, 5. 312) ; 
 in 184 pts. of cold, and in 18 pts. of boiling water 
 
684 
 
 TARTRATES. 
 
 (Parrish's Pharm., p. 456) ; in 95 pts. of cold 
 water (Vogel) ; in 15 pts. of boiling water (A. 
 Vogel) ; in somewhat more than 14 pts. of boiling 
 water (Weasel, Verwandtschaft. , p. 311 [T-l] ' in 
 160 pts. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. 
 Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jah- 
 resbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 pts. of the satu- 
 rated aqueous solution, at its boiling point 
 (= 101.1), contain 9.5 pts. of the dry salt; or, 
 100 pts. of water at 101.1 dissolve 10.497 pts. of 
 it ; or, 1 pt. of the dry salt is soluble in 9.526 pts. 
 of water at 101.1. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 
 1825, 18. 90.) 100 pts. of water at 15. 5 dissolve 
 4.6 pts. of it, and at 100 7.0 pts. of it. (Ure's 
 Diet.) The aqueous solution saturated at 10 
 contains 5.8% of it. (Eller, cited in Ann. de 
 Chim., 28. 291.) The aqueous solution, when 
 left to itself, gradually undergoes decomposition. 
 (Berthollet, Mem. Par., 1782 [T.].) 
 
 Insoluble in strong alcohol. Very soluble in 
 concentrated mineral acids. An addition of chlor- 
 hydric acid greatly increases the solvent power of 
 water upon it ; then follow, in order, sulphuric, 
 nitric, oxalic, phosphoric, and citric acids. Acetic 
 acid has but little influence, and tartaric acid 
 seems to render it less soluble. It is much more 
 soluble in boracic acid than in water. From the 
 solution in water acidulated with chlorhydric 
 acid, alcohol precipitates it as such, but from the 
 solution in dilute sulphuric acid alcohol precipi- 
 tates sulphate of potash, and from an aqueous 
 solution which contains it and nitrate of potash, 
 the latter is precipitated on the addition of alcohol. 
 (Destouches.) Readily soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic potash, soda, and ammonia, and 
 of carbonate of potash. 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & OF SILVER. Insol- 
 C 8 H 4 K Ag QU uble in water. Soluble in ammo- 
 nia-water. Decomposed by solu- 
 tions of the fixed alkalies and their carbonates, 
 also by solutions of the sulphates and chlorides. 
 (Ann. de Chim., 28. 36 [T.].) 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & OF SODA. Perma- 
 
 (Rocheiu Salt. Seignette Salt.) nent. The anhy- 
 
 Cg H 4 K Na 13 + 8 Aq drous salt dissolves 
 
 in 2.62 pts. of water 
 
 at 6. (Fresenius.) 
 
 The crystallized (hydrated) salt 
 
 is soluble in 3.3 pts. of water at 3 
 " 2.4 " 11 
 
 " 1.5 " 26 
 
 (Osann.) 
 
 1 pt. of the crystallized salt 
 
 is soluble in 1.99 pts. of water at 1.88 
 1.22 " 12.50 
 
 ' " 0.42 " 25 
 
 " 0.30 " 37.5 
 
 Or, 100 pts. of 
 water at C 
 
 1.88 . . . 
 
 Dissolve of the crys- 
 tallized salt, pts. 
 
 ... .53 
 
 12.50 
 25 
 37.5 
 
 82 
 239 
 . 332 
 
 Or, the aqueous solu- Contains percent of 
 
 tion saturated at the crystallized salt 
 
 1.88 ". 34.67 
 
 12.50 45.76 
 
 25 70.73 
 
 37.5 76.84 
 
 (R. Brandes, cited in Brandes' s Archiv., 1824, 
 9. 108, from Buchner's Repertitorium, 14. pp. 
 449 - 452. In his Jahresbericht, 4. 101, Berzelius 
 gives the first table, as from Buchner's Repert., 
 14. pp. 451, 105, but prints 5.6, instead of 1. 
 
 as above.) When the salt is heated above 37.5 
 it begins to soften, and at 50 it melts completely 
 in its water of crystallization. (Brandes, Archiv., 
 loc. cit.) Soluble in 1.714 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, 
 in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 100 
 pts. of water at 15.5 dissolve 20 pts. of it. (Ure's 
 Diet.) An aqueous solution saturated at 8 is of 
 1.254 sp. gr. (Anthon, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 
 24. 211.) 100 pts. of the aqueous solution satu- 
 rated at its boiling point (115.5) contain 90 pts. 
 of the anhydrous salt, or 100 pts. of water at 
 115.5 dissolve 900 pts. of it; or 1 pt. of the an- 
 hydrous salt is soluble in 0.1112 pt. of water at 
 115.5. (T. Griffiths, Quar. J. Sci., 1825, 18. 90.) 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 It is liable to form supersaturated solutions. 
 (Ogden.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Exceedingly difficultly soluble in 
 C 8 H 4 KSrO 12 + 2Aq water. (Bulk.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. Whenever the 
 cold aqueous solution is heated an abundant pre- 
 cipitate forms in it, which redissolves as the liquid 
 cools unless the heating has been long continued. 
 This coagulation occurs as well in closed as in 
 open vessels. Up to a certain point the precipi- 
 tate is more abundant in proportion as the solu- 
 tion is more concentrated, but when the solution 
 is very concentrated coagulation no longer occurs. 
 As a rule, the temperature at which precipitation 
 takes place is higher in proportion as the solution 
 is more concentrated, and the precipitate also 
 dissolves again more quickly when the solution 
 from which it was precipitated is more concen- 
 trated. (Osann, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1821, 
 69. pp. 290, 291 ; compare Idem, Kastner's Ar- 
 chiv., 1824, 3. 204.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & OF TELLURIUM. 
 Decomposed by cold, soluble in warm water. 
 
 TARTRATfi OF POTASH & OF THORIA. Slow- 
 
 C, H 4 K Th O ia If soluble in water. It is not 
 precipitated by alkalies. (Berze- 
 lius, Fogg. Ann., 1829, 16. 413.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & of protoxide OF TIN. 
 C 8 H 4 K Sn O ia Easily soluble in water. No pre- 
 cipitate is produced in its aqueous 
 solution by the caustic or carbonated alkalies. 
 (Thenard; Schneider.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & of protoxide or URA- 
 4KO, 10 Ur 0,6 C 8 H 4 0, + 4 Aq NIUM. Easily 
 
 soluble in water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & ofbinoxide OF VA- 
 NADIUM. Soluble in water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF POTASH & OF ZINC. Very 
 
 C 8 H 4 K Sr O ia soluble in water. No precipitate is 
 
 produced in its solution by the 
 
 alkalies or their carbonates. (Thenard, Ann. de 
 
 Chim., 38. 35 [T.].) 
 
 TARTRATE OF QUINICIN. The right salt is 
 more soluble in water than the left salt. 
 
 TARTRATE OF QUINIDIN. More soluble in 
 water than the corresponding salt of quinine. 
 
 TARTRATE OF QUININE. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 C g H 4 (N, j C 40 H J4 4 . H) 2 M + 2 Aq (Arppe.) 
 
 II.) acid. Easily soluble in water. (Arppe.) 
 C g H 4 (N, j C w H M 4 . H) 1S + 2 Aq 
 
 According to Pasteur, there are two isomeric 
 modifications of the acid salt. 
 
TARTRATES. 
 
 685 
 
 a = right. Less soluble than b in water. 
 
 b = left. Readily soluble in water. Much 
 more soluble in water than the right salt, espe- 
 cially when the water is warm. (Pasteur, Ann. 
 Ch. et Pltys., 1853, (3.) 38. 477.) 
 
 /?*TARTRATE OF RUBIDIUM. Soluble in 84.56 
 C 8 H 5 Rb O ia pts. of water at 25, and in 8.5 pts. of 
 boiling water ; being about 8 times 
 less soluble in water than the corresponding salt of 
 cesium. (Allen, Am. J. Sci., 1862, 34. pp. 372, 
 373.) 
 
 TARTRATB OF SILVER. Scarcely at all solu- 
 C 8 H< Agj O u ble in water. Soluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 It is not precipitated from solutions which con- 
 tain citrate of soda. (Spiller.) 
 
 TARTRATB OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Permanent. 
 C g H 4 Na, 1? + 4 Aq 
 
 Soluble in 5 pts. of water at the ordinary tem- 
 perature. It dissolves in 0.5 pt. of boiling water, 
 but the saturated solution thus obtained may be 
 rendered very much more concentrated, and that 
 without depositing any of the salt, by evaporating 
 it at the temperature of boiling ; thus 1 pt. of the 
 salt may even remain dissolved in 0.0417 pt. of 
 the boiling water; on cooling such a syrup for a 
 moment it solidifies. (Bucholz, Gehlm's Neues 
 all. Journ.der Chemie, 1805, 5. 528.) Soluble in 
 1 pt. of cold water, and in all proportions in hot 
 water. (Wenzel, Venvandtschaft, p. 308 [T.].)' 
 
 ' Soluble in 2. pts. of cold water. (Herzog.) 
 " 3.46 " at 6 
 
 " 2.28 " 24 
 
 " 1.75 " 38' 
 
 " 1.5 " 42.5 
 
 (Osann.) 
 
 The aqueous solution saturated at 10 contains 
 27.2% of it (Eller) ; and at 12.5, 33.3%. (Hassen- 
 fratz, Ann. de Chun., 28. 291.) 100 pts. of water 
 at 15.5 dissolve 100 pts. of it. (Ure's Diet.) 
 
 An aqueous solu- Contains percent 
 
 lion of sp. gr. of the salt. 
 
 (at 12.5). 
 
 1.0034 1 
 
 1.0072 2 
 
 1.0108 3 
 
 1.0148 4 
 
 1.0190 5 
 
 1.0231 6 
 
 1.0272 7 
 
 1.0313 8 
 
 1.0355 9 
 
 1.0397 10 
 
 1.0481 12 
 
 1.0567 14 
 
 1.0655 16 
 
 1.0745 18 
 
 1 .0837 20 
 
 1.1032 22 
 
 1.1153 24 
 
 1.1283 26 
 
 1.1436 28 
 
 1.1600 30 
 
 1.1801 32 
 
 (Hassenfratz, Ann. de Chim., 28. 304.) 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol, either boiling or 
 at the ordinary temperature. (Bucholz, loc. cit., 
 p. 529.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 12 pts. of cold water 
 c, H B Na 0,, + 2 Aq (Vogel) ; in 8.929 pts. of 
 water at the ordinary tem- 
 perature, and in 1 .8 pts. of boiling water. Insol- 
 
 uble in absolute alcohol, either at the ordinary 
 temperature or on boiling. (Bucholz, Gehlen's 
 Neues all. Journ. der Chemie, 1805, 5. 537.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF SODA & OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 1.4 pts. of water at 15, 
 C 8 H 4 Na Sr 12 + 2 Aq and in all proportions in 
 hot water. (Bulk.) 
 
 II.) taste. Soluble in water. Whenever the 
 cold aqueous solution is heated an abundant pre- 
 cipitate forms in it, which redissolves as the liquid 
 cools unless the heating has been long continued. 
 This coagulation occurs as well in closed as in 
 open vessels. Up .to a certain point the precipi- 
 tate is more abundant in proportion as the solu- 
 tion is more concentrated ; but when the solution 
 is very concentrated coagulation no longer occurs. 
 As a rule, the temperature at which precipitation 
 takes place is higher in proportion as the solution 
 is more concentrated, and the precipitate also dis- 
 solves again more quickly when the solution from 
 which it was precipitated is more concentrated. 
 (Osann, Gilbert's Ann. der Phys., 1821, 69. pp. 
 290, 291 ; compare Idem, Kastner's Archiv., 1824, 
 3. 204.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF SOLANIN. Soluble in water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF STANNETHYL. Tolerably sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF STIBETHTLIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Very deliquescent. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 II.) acid. Deliquescent. 
 
 TARTRATE OF STIBMETHYI/ETHYLIUM. Very 
 soluble in water. (Friedlsender.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF STIBMETHYLIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 
 II.) acid. Much more soluble in water than 
 bitartrate of potash. 
 
 TARTRATE OF STRONTIA. Soluble in 147 pts. 
 C 8 H 4 Sr 2 O ia + 8 Aq of water at 16, and in 320 pts. 
 of boiling water. (Dulk.) 
 100 pts. of water at 100 dissolve 0.6 pt. of it. 
 (Ure's Diet.) Readily soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of chloride of ammonium, and succinate of 
 ammonia, slowly in nitrate of ammonia. (Witt- 
 stein.) When recently precipitated it is readily 
 soluble in aqueous solutions of chloride of ammo- 
 nium and nitrate of ammonia. (Brett, Pnil. Mag., 
 1837, (3.) 10. 96.) Soluble in aqueous solutions 
 of caustic potash and soda, the solution coagulat- 
 ing on being heated, but clearing up again on 
 cooling, unless it has previously been heated for 
 too long a time. In any case the precipitate re- 
 dissolves the more slowly in proportion as it has 
 been longer heated. (Osann, Gilbert's Ann. der 
 Phys., 1821, 69. 290, and Kastner's Archiv., 1824, 
 3.211.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF STRYCHNINE. 
 
 I. normal. 
 
 a = right. Soluble in water. 
 C H 4 (N 2 J C 41 H M 4 " . tt) t O u + x Aq 
 
 b = left. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H (N, C tt H,, 4 " . H^ O a + y Aq 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 a = right. Soluble in water. Insoluble in 
 
 rr/'wSn ti n u\ n j_i absolute al- 
 C, 5, (S, j C 4 , H,, 4 . Hj 0,, + 6 Aq ^j (pa ^ 
 
 teur, Ann. 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 38. 475.) 
 
 b = left. (Of same composition as the right 
 salt.) Soluble in water. Soluble to a consider- 
 
686 
 
 TAURIN. 
 
 able extent in absolute alcohol, but it finally 
 ceases to dissolve therein. (Pasteur, loc. cit.) 
 
 TARTRATE OP TELLURIUM. Readily soluble 
 C g H 4 Te" 12 in water. Not precipitated by alka- 
 lies. 
 
 TARTRATE OF TELLURMETHYL. Easily sol- 
 uble in water. (Wcehler & Dean.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF THORIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in alcohol, hlowly and 
 C H Th, O u but partially soluble in ammonia- 
 water. Soluble in tartaric acid. 
 (Berzelius, Fogg. Ann., 1829, 16. 412.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. Decomposed by 
 alcohol to the normal salt, which remains undis- 
 solved, and a soluble peracid salt. The aqueous 
 solution may be mixed with ammonia-water with- 
 out being precipitated. (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829, 16. 413.) 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 
 I.) normal. Difficultly soluble in cold, more 
 C 8 H 4 Sn, On soluble in boiling water ; and still 
 more readily in water acidulated 
 with tartaric acid. It is not decomposed by boil- 
 ing water. (Bouquet.) 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in aqueous alkaline splu- 
 C 8 H 4 Sn 2 12 ; 2 (Sn 0, H 0) tions, from which it is 
 precipitated as a thick 
 syrup on the addition of alcohol. (Werther.) 
 
 TARTRATE ofbinoxide OF TITANIUM. Insolu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 TARTRATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Insol- 
 C 8 H 4 Ur, Ou, Ur 0, + 6 Aq uble in water. Very 
 soluble in chlorhydric 
 
 acid, from which it is precipitated on the addition 
 of ammonia. Very sparingly soluble in tartaric 
 acid, and in an aqueous solution of bitartrate of 
 potash. 
 
 TARTRATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Sol- 
 2 Ur 2 O s , C 8 H 4 OJ, + 2 Aq & 8 Aq uble in water. 
 
 (Peligot, Ann. 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 12. 63.) More soluble in hot 
 than in cold water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) It is 
 precipitated by caustic alkalies. (H. Rose.) 
 
 TARTRATE OP UREA. 
 C, H 4 N a O a , 2 Cg H 4 Oio + Aq 
 
 TARTRATE of binoxide OF VANADIUM. Very 
 slowly soluble in cold water ; more quickly solu- 
 ble in ammonia-water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF VANADIC ACID. 
 
 TARTRATE OF VERATRIN. Readily soluble 
 in water. 
 
 TARTRATE OF MraViNYLiuM. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. (Heintz & Wislicenus.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in water. Read- 
 C 8 H 4 Y a 0,, ily soluble in alkaline solutions. 
 Slightly soluble in free tartaric acid. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) acid. 
 
 TARTRATE OF ZINC. 
 
 I.) normal. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 .C 8 H 4 Zn. 1 1 , either hot or cold. (Werther.) Ea- 
 sily soluble in cold aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic potash and soda. (Werther.) 
 Not precipitated by alkalie^. (Thenard.) 
 
 II.) basic. Scarcely at all soluble in water. 
 
 III.) acid. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 SsHsZnOu (John.) 
 
 TARTRATE OF ZIRCONIA. Difficultly soluble 
 C 8 H 4 Zr a - O 12 in water, or in acids. Soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of caustic potash, 
 carbonate of ammonia, and tartaric acid. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 TARTRELIC ACID. Deliquescent. Easily sol- 
 (Iso Tartridic Acid. Soluble uble in water; but 
 
 modification of Tartaric Acid.) tfae solution j s d(J . 
 C 8 H 4 10 = C,H a O a ,II composed when 
 
 boiled. Soluble in alcohol. (Frerny.) 
 
 TARTRELATE OF AMMONIA. Alcohol precip- 
 itates it from the aqueous solution. (Fremy.) 
 
 TARTRELATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water 
 C 8 H 8 BaO 10 or alcohol. (Laurent & Gerhard t.) 
 
 TARTRELATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water or alcohol. (Laurent & 
 C 8 H s PbO 10 Gerhardt.) 
 
 II.) c 8 H 2 Pb 3 10 
 
 TARTRELATE OF LIME. Completely insoluble 
 CgHgCaOjo in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Laurent Gerhardt.) 
 
 TARTRELATE OF POTASH. Alcohol precipi- 
 tates it from the aqueous solution. (Fremy.) 
 
 TARTRELATE OF SODA. Alcohol precipitates 
 it from the aqueous solution. (Fremy.) 
 
 TARTRELATE OF STRONTIA. Insoluble in 
 C 8 H 3 Sr0 10 water or alcohol. (Laurent & Ger- 
 hardt.) 
 
 TARTROMALAMID. Vid. Malamid with Tar- 
 tram id. 
 
 TARTROGLYCERIC ACID. Soluble in water ; 
 r TI o C 8 H 4 8 " \ Q partially decomposed 
 c 14 H, 2 o lo = H>C(!H7 o 4 j u i w j, en treated with 
 
 much water, espe- 
 cially if this is hot. Insoluble in pure ether, but 
 easily soluble in a mixture of alcohol and ether. 
 The metallic tartrogly cerates are soluble in water, 
 but insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TARTROGLYCERATE OF LIME. Permanent. 
 C 14 H u Ca 18 Soluble in a small quantity of wa- 
 ter, without decomposition ; but a 
 larger quantity of water decomposes it. Alcohol 
 precipitates it from the aqueous solution. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 TARTROMETHYLIC ACID. Vid. MethylTar- 
 taric Acid. 
 
 TARTRONIC ACID. Soluble in water, and the 
 c H 10 = C 6 H 2 8 , 2 H solution is not decom- 
 posed on boiling. 
 
 TARTRONATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 
 II.)' acid. Soluble in water. 
 
 TARTRONATE OF SILVER. Ppt. (Dessaignes.) 
 C fl H 2 A gj 10 
 
 TARTROVINIC ACID. Vid. EthylTartaric Acid. 
 
 .TARTRYLIC ACID. Vid. Tartaric Acid. 
 
 TARTRYLPHENYLAMID. Vid. PhenylTartryl- 
 amid. 
 
 TAURI"N. Permanent. Soluble in 15.5 pts. of 
 C 4 H, N S 2 9 water at 12, and in less hot water. 
 (Gmelin.) Almost insoluble in ab- 
 solute alcohol. Sparingly soluble in hot spirit. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Cloetta.) Soluble in 513 
 pts. of cold, somewhat more soluble in hot alco- 
 hol (of 0.835 sp. gr.). (Wittstein's Handw.) Slow- 
 ly soluble, without decomposition, even at the 
 boiling point, in concentrated sulphuric, chlorhy- 
 dric, and nitric acids. (Gmeliu.) 
 
TELLURATES. 
 
 687 
 
 TAURoCHOLio ACID. Soluble in water. Spar- 
 
 (Choleic Acid. SulphoChiileic Acid.) i"gly so '~ 
 
 r H NS o N$r 4f H S2 o "- ' HO ubleindi - 
 
 H^ N S a 14 = N ^ L 48 H 37 O s lmC) j nso ,_ 
 
 u I) 1 e in 
 
 concentrated mineral acids. (Strecker, Ann. Ch. 
 et Pkys., (3.) 22. 39.) More soluble in water 
 than cholic acid, the aqueous solution being de- 
 composed by evaporation. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol. Almost insoluble in ether. Taurocholic 
 acid dissolves fats, fatty acids, and cholesterin, in 
 large quantities. Decomposed by boiling mineral 
 acids, and alkaline solutions. 
 
 The alkaline taurocholates are very soluble in 
 water, and alcohol, but are insoluble in ether. 
 
 TAUROCHOLATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 TAUROCHOLATE OF COPPER. Less soluble 
 in water than in alcohol. 
 
 TAUROCHOLATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Appears to be soluble in water. 
 
 II.) basic. Ppt. Soluble in boiling water, and 
 more freely in boiling alcohol. Soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of acetate of lead. 
 
 TAUROCHOLATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 TAUROCHOLATE OF MAGNESIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TAUROCHOLATE OF POTASH. Hygroscopic. 
 C 6a H M K N S 3 14 Readily soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 . TAUROCHOLATE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TAUROCHOLATE OF SODA. Hygroscopic. 
 
 C B3 H 4t Na N S a 14 Readily soluble in water, and 
 
 alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 
 TAURYLIC ACID. (Perhaps identical with 
 CH H 8 2 Hydrate of Cresyl.) Soluble in ether. 
 
 TAXI N( from the leaves of Taxus baccata). 
 Difficultly soluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and ether. Also soluble in dilute acids. 
 Soluble in concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. 
 (H. Lucas.) 
 
 TEKORETIN. Insoluble in water. Sparingly 
 
 (isomeric with Petrolene.) soluble in boiling, less sol- 
 
 C 40 H 32 " nble in cold alcohol. 
 
 Readily soluble in ether. 
 
 (Forchammer.) 
 
 TELERYTHRIN. Very easily soluble in water; 
 C 14 H 0,, ("C 22 H 10 19 "ofKane) less soluble in 
 
 alcohol. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Kane.) Soluble in ammonia water. 
 
 TELLURAMYL. Insoluble in water. (Wrehler 
 C, H u Te) &Dean.) 
 C 10 H n Te} 
 
 TELLURIC ACID. There are two allotropic 
 Te O s modifications : 
 
 a (anhydrous). Complexly insoluble, either in 
 cold or in boiling water ; in cold concentrated chlor- 
 hydric acid ; in boiling nitric acid ; or in a boiling 
 solution of potash-lye, unless the latter be exceed- 
 ingly concentrated, in which case modification ;* 
 is formed. 
 
 (9 (hydrated). 
 
 a = TeO,,HO When first treated with cold 
 
 water it appears to be insoluble 
 
 therein, but after long digestion in the cold, and 
 
 more quickly, though still slowly, when boiled, 
 
 it dissolves completely. 
 
 b =TeO,,3HO Slowly, but abundantly soluble 
 in cold, and in almost all pro- 
 portions in boiling water. Soluble in dilute, but 
 
 insoluble, or very sparingly soluble, in absolute 
 alcohol. Soluble, without decomposition, in ni- 
 tric and sulphuric acids. (Berzelius, Lekrb., 2. pp. 
 241-244.) Soluble in concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid, from which it separates out again unchanged 
 when the solution is allowed to evaporate spon- 
 taneously. (Ibid., 3. 1132.) 1 pt. of the acid 
 dissolves in 1.63 pts. of water at 19.5, and in al- 
 most any proportion in boiling water. [ Gm.] 
 
 Insoluble in absolute alcohol. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in hydrated alcohol, the solubility being greater 
 in proportion as the alcohol is weaker ; this solu- 
 tion is not decomposed by boiling. (Berzelius.) 
 
 Many alkaline quadritellurates are soluble in 
 water so long as they remain in the hydrated state, 
 but after having been ignited they are no longer 
 soluble in water, acids, or alkalies ; most acids, 
 even acetic, extract the base of these alkaline 
 tellnrates. The salts of the alkaline earths are 
 but slightly soluble in water, though the acid salts 
 are more soluble than the mono salts. All the 
 other tellurates are nearly insoluble, but water 
 decomposes some of them to basic and acid salts. 
 
 TELLURATE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. Soluble in 
 Al, O g , 3 Te O 3 aqueous solutions of alumina salts. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 TELLURATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Slowly but completely soluble in 
 N H 4 0, TeOj cold, quickly soluble in hot water. 
 Very sparingly soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of chloride of ammonium. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol, less easily if chloride of ammo- 
 nium be present. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) bi. Difficultly soluble in water, though 
 N H 4 0, 2 Te 3 more soluble than the potash salt. 
 
 III.) quadri. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 TELLURATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble in cold, more solu- 
 Ba 0, Te 8 ble in boiling water. Easily soluble, 
 with decomposition, in nitric acid. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) bi. Ppt. Much more soluble in water 
 
 Ba 0, 2 Te 3 than the mono salt. By washing 
 
 with water it is decomposed to the 
 
 mono salt and a soluble acid salt. (Berzelius, 
 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 III.) quadri. More easily soluble in water than 
 Ba 0, 4 Te 0, either the mono or bi salt. Soluble 
 in acetic acid. 
 
 TELLURATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 Ppt. Soluble in aqueous solutions of chromic 
 salts. 
 
 TELLURATE OF COBALT. Ppt. 
 Co O, Te O s 
 
 TELLURATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. 
 Cu 0, Te 0, 
 
 II.) bi. Ppt. 
 
 TELLURATE OF GLUCINA. Resembles the 
 GI, 3 , 3 Te O g yttria salt. 
 
 TELLURATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 Fe 0, Te 3 
 
 TELLURATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 Fe s 0,, 3 Te 0, Soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 sesquisalts of iron. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 TELLURATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble in water. 
 Pb 0, Te O, 
 
 II.) bi. More soluble in water than the mono 
 salt, but still difficultly soluble. 
 
688 
 
 TELLURIDES. 
 
 III.) quadri. Soluble to a considerable extent 
 in water. Very sparingly soluble in dilute acetic 
 acid. Soluble in dilate nitric acid, even after 
 ignition. (Berzelius.) 
 
 IV.) basic. Not absolutely insoluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 TELLURATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) mono. Somewhat soluble in hot water, but 
 Ca 0, Te 3 difficultly soluble in water. 
 
 TELLURATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) mono. ) Soluble in water while moist, 
 
 TT v i;' ( but insoluble after having been 
 
 UL) quadri. } heated to 100. 
 
 TELLURATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) mono. More soluble in water than the ba- 
 Mg 0, Te 3 ryta, lime, or strontia salt. 
 
 II.) bi. Still more soluble in water than the 
 mono salt. 
 
 TELLURATE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 Mn O, Te 0, 
 
 TELLURATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Hg, 0, Te 0, 
 
 TELLURATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Hg 0, Te 3 
 
 TELLURATE OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 
 Ni 0, Te 3 
 
 TELLURATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in 
 K 0, Te 0, + 6 Aq water. Difficultly soluble in 
 alkaline solutions. Insoluble 
 in alcohol. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 175.) 
 
 II.) bi. There are two salts, one with the , 
 K 0, 2 Te O 3 the other with p telluric acid : 
 
 = Insoluble. Insoluble in boiling water, or 
 in acids, or in alkaline solutions. 
 
 / = K 0, 2 Te 3 + 4 Aq Difficultly soluble in 
 cold, very much 
 
 more soluble in boiling water. Less soluble in 
 water than the corresponding salt of ammonia. 
 Insoluble in a boiling aqueous solution of nitrate 
 of potash. 
 
 III.) quadri. 
 K 0, 4 Te 3 
 
 = Insoluble. Insoluble in water, or in dilute 
 (Yellow.") acids, or in tolerably concentrated sul- 
 phuric, nitric, or chlorhydric acid, or an 
 aqueous solution of caustic potash, at the ordi- 
 nary temperature. By long-continued boiling 
 with nitric acid it is dissolved, being transformed 
 into the modification. 
 
 /? = K 0, 4 Te 0, + 4 Aq Not completely insolu- 
 ble in water. Soluble 
 in acids. 
 
 TELLURATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. Decomposed by water, with forma- 
 Ag 0, Te 3 tion of an insoluble basic, and a sol- 
 uble acid salt. (Berzelius.) Soluble 
 in ammonia-water. 
 
 IL) bi, Ppt. 
 Ag O, 2 Te 0, 
 
 III.) quadri. Ppt. 
 Ag 0, 4 T 0, 
 
 IV.) sesqui. Insoluble in boiling water. 
 3 Ag O, 2 Te 0, 
 
 V.) tri. Soluble in ammonia- water. 
 3 Ag 0, Te O s 
 
 TELLURATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. When telluric acid is saturated with 
 
 Na O, Te 0, + 2 Aq a solution of caustic soda it 
 
 dissolves therein, but if the 
 
 alkali is added in excess the solution deposits 
 
 granular monotellurate of soda, especially on 
 warming. As thus obtained, the salt is exceeding- 
 ly difficultly soluble, either in cold or hot water. 
 What remains in the alkaline solution may be 
 precipitated, in the granular state, with alcohol. 
 If it be boiled with renewed portions of water it 
 dissolves, and remains dissolved so long as no 
 excess of soda is present. When this solution is 
 evaporated on the water-bath nothing separates 
 out, and at last a soft gum-like mass remains, 
 which is soluble in water, unless it be completely 
 dried, in which case it will be as difficultly soluble 
 as at first. When the salt is heated until its 
 water of crystallization has been driven off, which 
 requires a heat approaching to ignition, it passes 
 into another allotropic condition, and is now in- 
 soluble, either in cold or in hot water, though it 
 dissolves in hot dilute nitric acid. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 256.) 
 
 II.) bi. Slowly but completely soluble in 
 Na 0, 2 Te O s + 4 Aq water. Difficultly soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of ace- 
 tate of soda. Insoluble in alcohol. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 257.) 
 
 III.) quadri. There are two modifications of 
 Na 0, 4 Te 8 + x Aq the hydrated salt, one slowly 
 soluble in cold water, the 
 other insoluble, even in boiling water. When the 
 aqueous solution of the soluble modification is 
 evaporated to dryness a portion of the insoluble 
 modification is formed. On heating strongly 
 either of these hydrates an anhydrous () yellow 
 quadritellurate is obtained, which is as insolubre 
 as the corresponding potash salt. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb., 3. 257.) 
 
 TELLURATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 SrO, TeO s zelius.) 
 
 TELLURATE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water, 
 Th 0, Te 3 or in aqueous solutions of the tho- 
 rium salts. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TELLURATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. In- 
 Ur 2 8 , Te 3 soluble in water, or in an aqueous 
 solution of nitrate of sesquioxide 
 of uranium. 
 
 TELLURATE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water, 
 T 0, Te 3 or in aqueous solutions of yttria salts. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 TELLURATE OF ZIRCONIA. Ppt. Soluble in 
 Zr 2 3 , 3 Te O, aqueous solutions of the zirconium 
 salts. 
 
 TELLURETHYL. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 
 , G 4 H r Te> Soluble in alcohol. (Wceh- 
 C t H 6 lior C4 H B T e $ , er) 
 
 TELLURHYDRIC ACID. Soluble in water ; the 
 (Hydrotdluric Acid.) solution decomposing when 
 H Te exposed to the air. 
 
 Among the metallic tellu- 
 rides, those only are soluble in water which cor- 
 respond to the soluble oxides ; thus the tellurides 
 of potassium, sodium, lithium, barium, strontium, 
 calcium, and magnesium, are soluble in water, 
 while all the others are insoluble. (Persoz, Chim. 
 Mole'c., p. 463.) 
 
 TELLURIDE OF ALUMINUM. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF AMYL. Vid. TellurAmyl. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF BISMUTH. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF ETHYL. 
 
 I.) mono. Vid. TellurEthyl. 
 
 II.) bi. 
 C 4 H B Te, 
 
TELLURIUM. 
 
 689 
 
 TELLURIDE OF GLUCINUM. Decomposed by 
 water. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF GOLD & OF LEAD. Soluble 
 with decomposition, in nitric acid. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF GOLD & OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) 5 AgTe ; Au Te 
 
 II.) Soluble, with decomposition, in aqua- 
 Ag Te 4 ; Au Te, regia. 
 
 III.) Ag Te, ; Au Te, 
 
 TELLURIDE OF IRON. Soluble, with decom- 
 position, in chlorhydric acid. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF LEAD. 
 PbTe 
 
 TELLURIDE OF METHYL. Vtd. TellurMethyl. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF POTASSIUM. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 exposed to the air. Decomposed by acids. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF SILVER. Slowly soluble in 
 
 Ag Te cold, quickly soluble in hot nitric acid. 
 
 (G. Rose.) 
 
 TELLURIDE OF SODIUM. 
 
 TELLURIDE OF TELLURETHTL. 
 C 4 H 5 Te, Te 
 
 TELLURIDE OF ZINC. Insoluble in strong 
 sulphuric or chlorhydric acid. 
 
 TELLUROUS ACID. Vid. WnOxide of Tellu- 
 rium. 
 
 The alkaline tellurites are soluble in water ; 
 the others are either difficultly soluble or insolu- 
 ble therein, but dissolve in chlorbydric acid. 
 
 TELLURITE OF ALUMINA. Ppt. Insoluble 
 A1 2 0,, 3 Te Oj in aqueous solutions of alumina 
 salts. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 TELLURITE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in water, but the solution 
 undergoes decomposition when evaporated. In- 
 soluble in alcohol, and, after having been washed 
 with alcohol, it is no longer soluble in water. 
 
 II.) quadri. Nearly insoluble in an aqueous 
 N H 4 0, 4 Te O a + 4 Aq solution of chloride of am- 
 monium. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TELLURITE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. As prepared in the moist way, it is 
 
 BaO, Te O, a precipitate, sparingly soluble in 
 
 water. But when prepared in the 
 
 dry way, boiling water dissolves only a very 
 
 slight amount of it. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) quadri. 
 Ba 0, 4 Te 2 
 
 TELLURITE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. Ppt. 
 Soluble in aqueous solutions of the chromic salts. 
 
 TELLURITE OF COBALT. 
 Co O, Te 0, 
 
 TELLURITE OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Cu 0, Te Oj 
 
 TELLURITE OF GLUCINA. Ppt. Resembles 
 Ql, 3 , 3 Te the yttria compound. 
 
 TELLURITE OF IODIDE OF TELLURIUM. Un- 
 acted upon by water. 
 
 TELLURITE of protoxide or IRON. Ppt. 
 Fe 0, Te 0, 
 
 TELLURITB of sesquioxide ov IRON. Ppt. 
 Fe, 0,, 3 Te 0, ' 
 
 TELLURITE OF LEAD. 
 I.) mono. Easily soluble in acids. 
 Pb 0, Te Oj 
 
 II.) basic. Not absolutely insoluble in water. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 87 
 
 TELLURITE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) mono. Very sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 Ca 0, Te 0, soluble in boiling water. 
 
 II.) bi. 
 Ca 0, 2 Te 0, 
 
 III.) quadri. 
 Ca 0, 4 Te 2 
 
 TELLURITE OF LITHIA. 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. 
 Li 0, Te 2 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by cold, but is completely 
 Li 0, 2 Te 2 soluble in hot water. 
 
 III.) quadri. Behaves towards water like the 
 Li O, 4 Te O 2 potash and soda salts. 
 
 TELLURITE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) Much more soluble in water than the lime, 
 MgO,Te0 2 baryta, or strontia salt. 
 
 II.) quadri. Less soluble than No. I. 
 
 TELLURITE OF MANGANESE. Ppt. 
 Mn 0, Te 0, 
 
 TELLURITE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Hg 2 0, Te 0,j 
 
 TELLURITE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Ppt. 
 Hg 0, Te 2 
 
 TELLURITE OF NICKEL. Ppt. 
 Ni 0, Te 2 
 
 TELLURITE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 K 0, Te O a quickly soluble in hot water. (Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 II.) bi. Partially soluble in cold water; solu- 
 K 0, 2 Te O a ble, with decomposition, in hot wa- 
 ter. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) quadri. Decomposed by water. 
 K 0, 4 Te 2 
 
 TELLURITE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in ammonia-water. 
 Ag 0, Te 0, 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in water. Soluble in nitric 
 Ago, 2Te0 2 acid. (G.Rose.) 
 
 TELLURITE OF SODA.. 
 
 I.) mow. Slowly, but completely soluble in 
 Na 0, Te 0, cold, and more quickly in warm 
 water. It does not separate from the 
 hot solution on cooling. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 II.) bi. Decomposed by water, like the potash 
 Na O, 2 Te 0, salt. (Berzelius.) 
 
 III.) quadri. Soluble in boiling water. 
 NaO,4Te0 2 
 
 TELLURITE OF STRONTIA. Similar to the 
 jaryta salt. 
 
 TELLURITE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water, 
 Th Te or in aqueous solutions of thorium 
 salts. (Berzelins.) 
 
 TELLURITE of protoxide OF TIN. Is precipi- 
 tated, even when in the presence of 60000 pts. of 
 water. (Fischer.) 
 
 TELLURITE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. In- 
 r, O,, Te O 2 soluble in water. 
 
 TELLURITE OF YTTRIA. Insoluble in water, 
 y Te or in aqueous solutions of yttrium 
 salts. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 TELLURITE OF ZINC. 
 Zn 0, Te 2 
 
 TELLURITE OF ZIRCONIA. Ppt. 
 Zr 2 8) 3 Te 0, 
 
 TELLURIUM. Insoluble in water. Soluble, 
 Te without oxidation, in concentrated sulphuric 
 acid, from which it is precipitated on the 
 
690 
 
 TETRYL, 
 
 addition of water. Decomposed by concentrated j 
 nitric acid, aqua-regia, and hot concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. 
 
 According to Hartung-Schwarzkopf (from Arch, 
 der Pharm., 108. 150, in Ann. Min., (4.) 19. 
 345), amorphous tellurium, prepared by reducing 
 telluric acid with sulphurous acid, is not acted 
 upon by concentrated nitric acid, even after pro- 
 longed boiling, contrary to the statements of many 
 chemical treatises. 
 
 TELLTJRMETHYL. Not miscible with water. 
 Cj H 3 Te ? ( Woehler & Dean, Ann. Ch. u. Pliarm., 
 C 2 H 3 Te5 93.233.) 
 
 TERCHLORIDE (&c.) OF X. See under Chlo- 
 ride (&c.) of X, as terChloride of X, and the 
 like. 
 
 TEREBIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 
 ( Terebilic Acid. Terpenthic Acid.) much more solu- 
 
 <^u H io 8 = c u H B O 6 , 2 H ble in boiling wa- 
 
 ter. Very readily 
 
 soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Rabourdin.) Sol- 
 uble, without alteration, in concentrated nitric 
 acid. (Bromeis.) 
 
 The terebates of the alkalies and alkaline earths 
 are very soluble in water. 
 
 TEREBATE OF AMYL. 
 
 I.) acid. 
 C 34 "20 8 = C 14 H 9 (C 10 H n ) 8 
 
 TEREBATK OP ETHYL. 
 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water. (Caillot.) 
 C w H 14 8 = C 14 H 8 (C 4 H 5 ) O g 
 
 TEREBATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Difficultly 
 soluble in water ; being the least soluble of the 
 terebates. (Rabourdin.) 
 
 TEREBATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) acid. Very soluble in water. 
 C 14 H 9 Pb 8 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 
 TEREBATE OF METHYL. 
 
 I.) acid. Sparingly soluble in water. (Caillot.) 
 C 16 H 12 8 = 14 H 9 (C 2 H 8 )0 8 
 
 TEREBATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) normal. 
 C 14 H 8 Ag 2 8 + 2 Aq 
 
 II.) acid. Sparingly soluble in cold, much 
 C 14 H Ag 8 more soluble in hot water. 
 
 "TEREBENE"of (Soubciran). Vid. Camphilene. 
 
 TEREBENE. Insoluble in water, and does not 
 
 (Isomeric with Oil of Turpentine.') Combine therewith, 
 
 <>2o H ie even after half a 
 
 year's contact. 
 Soluble in alcohol, and ether. (Deville.) 
 
 TEREBENTIC ACID (?). Soluble in alcohol, 
 C 18 H 14 10 (?) and the solution is rendered turbid 
 by water. (Weppen.) Its salts 
 are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 TEREBENTATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in alcohol. (Weppen.) 
 
 TEREBENTILIC ACID. Nearly insoluble in 
 CM H w 4 = C t6 H 9 O s , H cold, more readily sol- 
 uble in boiling water. 
 
 Very easily soluble in alcohol. Readily soluble 
 in ether. (Personne.) 
 
 TEREBENTILATE OF ETHTL. 
 C M H 14 4 _ CM H 9 (C 4 H B ) O 4 
 
 TEREBENTILATE OF LEAD. 
 
 TEREBENTILATE OF LIME. 
 C t6 H 9 Ca 4 
 
 TEREBENTILATE OF SILVER. Sparingly sol- 
 CK, H, Ag O 4 uble in boiling water, separating out 
 again as the solution cools. 
 
 TEREBENZIC ACID. Soluble in boiling, much 
 C z8 H u s = CJB H i2 6. 2 H less soluble in cold 
 water. Largely sol- 
 uble in alcohol, and ether. The terebenzatcs are 
 usually equally soluble with the corresponding 
 benzoates. (Caillot, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 21. 
 pp. 31, 33.) 
 
 TEREBENZATE OF BARYTA. Very sparingly 
 soluble in water. (Caillot.) 
 
 TEREBENZATE OF SILVER. 
 
 TEREBILENE. Combines with chlorhydric 
 (" Peucyl"(of Blanchet If Sell).) acid, forming a 
 Homeric with Oil of Turpentine.) ]jquid compound . 
 
 (Soubeiran & Ca- 
 pitaine.) 
 
 TEREBILIC ACID. Vid. Terebic Acid. 
 
 TERECHRYSIC ACID. Soluble in all propor- 
 C ia H, O 10 =F C ia H 6 O 8 , 2 H tions in water, alco- 
 hol, and ether. Most 
 
 of its salts are soluble in water. (Caillot, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 21. 34.) 
 
 TERECHRYSATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TERECHRYSATE OF ETHYL. 
 
 TERECHRYSATE OF LEAD. Somewhat solu- 
 ble in hot, less soluble in cold water. 
 
 TEREPHTALIC ACID. Insoluble in water, 
 C 16 H 8 B = C 14 H 4 6 , 2 H alcohol, or ether. Sol- 
 uble in alkaline solu- 
 tions, with combination. (Caillot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 21. 29.) 
 
 TEREPHTALATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TEREPHTALATE or BARYTA. Insoluble, or 
 very sparingly soluble, in water, (Caillot.) 
 
 TEREPHTALATE OF SILVER. 
 
 TERETINIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Solu- 
 
 (Terpentinic Acid .) ble, in alcohol, from 
 
 C, 8 H 4 O, = C 18 H 1S 9 , H which it is precipitated 
 
 on the addition of 
 
 water. 
 
 TERPENTHIC ACID. Vid. Terebic Acid. 
 
 TERPIN. Vid. Hydrate of Turpentine-Oil. 
 
 TERPINOL. 
 
 (Muno Hydrate of Oil of Turpcntine(ot Berthelot and of 
 Gerhardt). ) 
 
 c.oH^o^^Hgjo, 
 
 TETRASOLPHATE (&c.) OF X. See under Sul- 
 phate (&c.) of X, as tefraSulphate of X, and the 
 like. 
 
 TETRYL. Vid. Butyl. 
 
 A'TETRYL. Vid. Bntylene. 
 
 TETRYLAMIN. i T7 . , . , 
 
 { Vid. Butylamm. 
 TETRYLAMMONIA. ) 
 
 TETRYAMYL. Vid. ButylAmyl. 
 
 TETRYLENE. Vid. Butylene. 
 
 TETRYLENECA/or^. Vid. ChloroButylene. 
 
 TETRYLIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Butyl. 
 
 TETRYLIC URETHANE. Vid. Carbamate of 
 Butyl. 
 
 TETRYLSDLPHDRIO ACID. Vid. ButylSul- 
 phuric Acid. 
 
 TETRYLSULPHTDRIC ACID. Vid. Butyl- 
 Sulphydric Acid. 
 
 THALLEIOCHIN. Soluble in alcohol. Also in 
 C, B H 1() NOj acids, with combination. (Brandes 
 & Leber.) 
 
THIOFURFUROL. 
 
 691 
 
 C M H, t N 6 
 
 THEBAIN. Insoluble, or but sparingly soluble, 
 araMnrphiii.) in water. Readily 
 
 N j w HM 6 " soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether, especially 
 when these are hot. Insoluble in strong aqueous 
 solutions of caustic ammonia, or potash, but solu- 
 ble in a dilute solution of caustic potash. Easily 
 soluble in acids. Soluble in cold concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, but the solution is decomposed on 
 boiling. 
 
 THEIN. Vid. Caffein. 
 
 THEOBROMIN. Sparingly soluble in boiling 
 ( C t 2 " water ; and still less 
 
 KI 1 fy ^\ soluble in alcohol, 
 C u H 8 N 4 4 = N s < (i**h and ether ( Woskre- 
 
 ( HJ sensky.) Permanent. 
 
 Soluble in 1600 pts. of. cold water. 
 " 55 ' ' hot " 
 
 " 1460 ' cold alcohol. 
 
 " 47 ' boiling " 
 
 " 17000 ' cold ether. 
 " 600 ' boiling " 
 
 Easily soluble in ammonia-water, acetic acid, 
 and aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies, 
 especially when these liquids are warm. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) Soluble in 960 pts. of water at 
 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fiir Pharm., 
 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresberichtf&r 1854, p. 76.) 
 Soluble in a boiling aqueous solution of caustic 
 baryta, from which it separates again as the solu- 
 tion cools. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 399.) 
 
 THERTTHRIN. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 water. Easily soluble in alcohol, acetone, and 
 bisulphide of carbon. Sparingly soluble in ether. 
 (Zeise.) 
 
 TmAcETic AciD(Anhydrous). Vid. Sul- 
 phide of Acetyl. 
 
 TmAcETic ACID. Soluble in water, espe- 
 
 (Sulphyrirate of Acetyl. cially when this is 
 
 Acetyl Sulphydric Acid.) warm ; still more read- 
 
 er H, 8. 0, = u * H ,i } s. ily soluble in alcohol, 
 
 and ether. The salts 
 
 of thiacetic acid are all more or less soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. 
 
 THI ACETATE OF AMMONIUM. Very deli- 
 quescent. 
 
 THI ACETATE OF BARIUM. Soluble in water, 
 C 4 H 3 Ba Oj S 2 + 3 Aq and alcohol. 
 
 TRIACETATE OF COPPER(CU 0). Insoluble 
 in water. (Ulrich.) 
 
 TmAcETATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 4 H, (C. H,) 2 S, (Kekule', Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 
 90. 313.) 
 
 TmAcETATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water. 
 
 TRIACETATE OF LEAD. Sparingly soluble in 
 C 4 H 8 Pb 2 S, cold water. Somewhat more solu- 
 ble in warm water, and in alcohol. 
 (Kekule, he. cit., p. 311.) 
 
 TRIACETATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 C 4 H s Ca O, S, + 2 Aq 
 
 TmAcETATE OF MAGNESIA. Deliquescent. 
 Soluble in water. 
 
 THI ACETATE of protoxide OF MERCURT. Ppt. 
 
 TRIACETATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 C 4 H 3 K S 2 2 water, and alcohol. (Ulrich.) 
 
 THI ACETATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 
 TniAcETATK OF SODIUM. Very soluble in 
 C 4 H 3 Na S, 0, water, and alcohol. ( Ulrich ) 
 
 THI ACETATE OF STRONTIUM. Soluble i n 
 C 4 Hj, Sr S 2 Oj + 2 Aq water. 
 
 TRIACETATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. 
 
 TniAcETONiN. Rather difficultly soluble in 
 (" Probably identical with water. Easily soluble in 
 Zeise's Akcethin.") alcohol, ether, acetone, 
 
 deler.) 
 
 THIAETHALDIN. Easily soluble in ether. Sol- 
 C lg H 17 N S 4 uble in chlorhydric acid, with com- 
 bination. (Flueckiger.) 
 
 THIALDIN. Very sparingly soluble in water, 
 r H N s N 5 c H s "' Very soluble in al- 
 
 soluble. in ether. 
 (Liebig & Wcehler.) 
 
 THIALOEL. Vid. fci'Sulphide of Ethyl. 
 THIANISIOL. Vid. Hydride of SulphAnisyl. 
 THIANYLANISAMID. Vid. PhenylAnisamid. 
 
 THIMETHALDIN. 
 
 C 14 H 16 N S 4 
 
 THIOBENZALDIN. Soluble in boiling ether. 
 C 4 , H 19 N S 4 = N ^P"^ 1 ' Sa)s ; or N | C 4J H 19 S t '" 
 
 BiTnioBENzoLic ACID. Not isolated. Its 
 (PhenylbiSulphobiamic Acid.) salts are readily solu- 
 C,, H 8 N, S 4 12 ble in water. 
 
 ZJt'THIoBENZOLATE OF AMMONIUM. Ex- 
 
 C,, H 6 (N H 4 ), N, S 4 I2 tremely soluble in water, 
 and spirit. Very sparingly 
 
 soluble in absolute alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Unacted upon by concentrated chlorhydric or 
 cold sulphuric acid. (Hilkenkamp, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 95. 95.) 
 
 fij'THIoBENZOLATE OF BARIUM. Soluble in 
 
 C,, Hg Ba, N, S 4 13 water. Insoluble in alcohol or 
 ether. (Hilkenkamp, loc. cit.) 
 
 TmoBuTYRic ACID. Vid. Sulphydrate of 
 Butyryl. 
 
 TnioCiNNOL. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 ( Sulphydrate of Cinnamoyl.) ( Cahours. ) 
 
 ACID. Vid. HydroThio- 
 Cyanic Acid. 
 
 TnioFoRMic ACID. Insoluble in water. 
 ThinFormylic Acid. Nearly insoluble in cold, 
 
 Sulphide of Formyl.) tolerably soluble in boil- 
 
 a H 9? \ S. ing alcohol, and ether. 
 
 Sparingly soluble in warm concentrated acetic 
 acid less soluble in cold concentrated acetic acid. 
 Boiling chlorhydric acid has no action upon it ; 
 nitric acid decomposes it ; concentrated sulphuric 
 acid when gently warmed, dissolves it, with de- 
 composition. Insoluble in an aqueous solution of 
 sulphide of ammonium, either cold or boiling. 
 Scarcely at all attacked by a boiling aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash. (Limpricht, Ann. Ui. 
 u. Pharm., 97. 361.) 
 
 THioFucusoL. Resembles ThioFnrfurol. 
 
 ( Fucusol Sulphuri.) 
 
 THIOFURFUROL. Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 (TkioFurfol. FurfnrylSulfuri. Soluble in boiling 
 Sulphide of Farfuryl.) water. Tolerably 
 
 r< H o S =C, n H 1 0.">S, soluble in alcohol, 
 C 10 H 4 0, b 2 - J j especially when this 
 
 is hot. Soluble in ether. The alcoholic solution 
 slowlv decomposes when exposed to the air. (Ca- 
 hours, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3 .) 24. 284.) 
 
692 
 
 THIONATES. 
 
 THIOMELANIC ACID. Insoluble in water, or 
 C 80 H J4 8 3 20 , 2 H ? in alkaline solutions. 
 
 THIOMELANATE OF AMMONIA. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 THIOMELANATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 THIOMELANATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 THIOMELANATE OF POTASH. Insoluble in 
 water. A small quantity of this salt is retained 
 in suspension by water, but is deposited on the 
 addition of chloride of sodium. (Erdmann.) 
 
 THIONAMID. Soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 (Sidphamid.') 
 N H 2 S 3 
 
 THIONAPHTHALINIC ACID. Vld. fa'Sulpho- 
 
 Naphthalinic Acid. 
 
 TmoNAPHTHAMic ACID. Not isolated. Its 
 
 (Isomeric with Naphthionic Acid.} salts are all soluble 
 
 C 20 H 9 N S, 0, in water. (Piria. ) 
 
 TlHONAPHTHAMATE OF AMMONIA. Very 
 
 C 20 H 8 (N H 4 ) N S., 6 soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Piria, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 31. 244.) 
 
 TnioNAFHTHAMATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 
 CM H 8 Ba N S 2 O 6 -f 3 Aq water. (Piria.) 
 
 THIONAPHTHAMATE OF LEAD. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. Almost insoluble in al- 
 cohol. (Piria.) 
 
 THIONAPHTHAMATE OF LIME. Very soluble 
 in water. (Piria.) 
 
 THIONAPHTHAMATE OF MAGNESIA. Very 
 soluble in water. (Piria.) 
 
 THIONAPHTHAMATE OF POTASH. Very sol- 
 Cjo H 8 K N S a 8 uble in pure water. Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of caustic and carbonated potash. Scarcely 
 at all soluble in alcohol. (Piria.) 
 
 THIONAPHTHAMATE OF SODA. Sparingly 
 soluble in cold, very soluble in boiling water. 
 Very sparingly soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 carbonate of soda. (Piria.) 
 
 ZHTniONic ACID. Vid. HypoSulphuric Acid. 
 
 TViTniONic ACID. Known only in solution ; 
 (Sulphuretted HyposiUphuric Acid. its aqueous SO- 
 
 MonoSulhyposulphuric Acid. lution gradual- 
 
 Acide Hyposulphurique Monosulfurt.) } de Com p O ses, 
 
 8 s less rapidly 
 
 when it is dilute. 
 
 The aqueous solutions of all the thionic acids 
 appear to be considerably more stable when they 
 contain acids. On the other hand, they are all, 
 with the exception of dithionic acid, easily de- 
 composed by weak alkaline solutions. (Fordos & 
 Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28. 454.) 
 
 JWTniONATE OF BARYTA. Sparingly soluble 
 Ba 0, S 3 O s 4- 2 Aq in water, less soluble in alco- 
 hol. Easily soluble in nitric 
 acid. (Langlois.) 
 
 TVt'THiONATE of protoxide OF IRON. Soluble 
 in water. (Plessy, loc. cit.) 
 Th'TmoNATE OF LEAD. 
 
 TrtTHiONATE OF LIME. Hygroscopic. Sol- 
 
 CaO, S 3 O B uble in water. (Baumann ; Plessy, 
 
 loc. cit.) 
 
 TH'THIONATE OF MANGANESE. Soluble in 
 water. (Plessy, loc. cit.) 
 
 JVi'TnioNATK OF NICKEL. Soluble in water 
 (Plessy, loc. cit.) 
 
 TTZ'THIONATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Sol- 
 K 0, S 3 O s uble in water. (Langlois.) Easily 
 soluble in water, especially when this 
 is warmed to 50 @ 60, but the solution is de- 
 composed on boiling. Soluble in hot alcohol, 
 from which it separates as the solution cools. 
 (Plessy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 11. 185.) 
 
 TVi'TmoNATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 Jh'TmoNATE OF SODA. 
 Na 0, S 3 O g 
 
 Th'TniONATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. 
 (Fordos & Ge'lis.) 
 
 7eraTmONic ACID. Soluble in water, and 
 
 (Bi Sulphuretted Ihjposulp/wric Acid, the aqueous 8O- 
 BiSulhyposulphuric Acid. lution is about 
 
 Acide Hyposulfurique bisulfurt.') as gtable as that 
 
 5 & of hyposulphuric 
 
 acid, it being possible to obtain it in a tolerably 
 concentrated state. When largely diluted the 
 solution may be boiled without suffering decom- 
 position, but as the solution becomes more con- 
 centrated decomposition ensues. It is not acted 
 upon by dilute chlorhydric or sulphuric acid, but 
 is decomposed by dilute nitric acid. Most of its 
 salts are soluble in water, and less soluble in 
 alcohol ; but their aqueous solutions slowly de- 
 compose when exposed to the air ; on heating 
 them the decomposition is rapid. (Fordos & 
 Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3 .) 6. pp. 493, 492.) 
 
 TefraTniONATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. 
 Ba 0, S 4 5 + 2 Aq Very soluble in water, though 
 less soluble than iodide of ba- 
 rium. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. (Fordos & 
 Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp.. 489, 490.) 
 Easily soluble in water. Insoluble in strong alco- 
 hol. (Fordos & Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 22. 70.) 
 
 TeiraTniONATE OF COPPER. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Fordos & Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 
 492.) 
 
 TetraTmoNATE OF IRON. Soluble in water. 
 Fe 0, S 4 O s (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 6. 492.) The aqueous solution is 
 decomposed by evaporation. Alcohol does not 
 precipitate the salt from the aqueous solution. 
 (Berzelius's Lehrb., 3. 601.) 
 
 TkraTniONATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 Pb 0, 84 5 + 2 Aq Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 TtaraTHiONATE of dinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 Ppt. 
 
 Jefr-ttTniONATE OF POTASH. Soluble in hot 
 K 0, S 4 B water ; much less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Kessler.) 
 
 TefraTHiONATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 T"e<raTHiONATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 Na 0, S 4 5 Less insoluble in alcohol than the 
 
 potash salt. (Kessler.) 
 
 Te<raTHiONATE OF STRONTIA. More soluble 
 Sr 0, S 4 B + 6 Aq in alcohol than the baryta salt. 
 
 ( Kessler. ) 
 
 TefraTniONATE of protoxide OF TIN. 
 T&raTnioNATE OF ZINC. Soluble in water. 
 (Fordos & Ge'lis, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. 492.) 
 
 PentaTniONic ACID. Soluble in water, but 
 (TerSuIphypo Sulphuric Acid. the solution is 
 
 Ter Sulphuretted HypoSulphuric Acid.) verv instable 
 q n H n . * 
 
 its aqueous so- 
 lution, or that of any of the pentathionates, being 
 only preserved with difficulty (Fordos & Ge'lis, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 28. 452), but an alcoholic 
 solution of pentathionic acid can be preserved 
 
THORIUM. 
 
 693 
 
 C 26 H 9 ) 
 c J6 H 9 5 
 
 undecomposed for months. (Fordos & Gelis, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 22. 80.) All the penta- 
 thionates are soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 20. 151.) 
 Many of them are known only in solution. 
 
 PentoTmoNATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble 
 Ba 0, S 6 5 + 2 Aq in water. Soluble in alcohol, 
 and ether. The aqueous solu- 
 tion begins to decompose at 25. (Wackenroder, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 2O. 151.) More soluble 
 in water, and more alterable than tetrathionate of 
 baryta. The aqueous solution soon decomposes 
 on standing, and more rapidly when boiled. Al- 
 cohol, and ether precipitate it from the aqueous 
 solution. (Fordos & Gelis, Ann. .Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 22. pp. 78, 80.) Soluble in water. Very 
 sparingly soluble in absolute alcohol ; more solu- 
 ble in dilute spirit. (Sobrero & Selmi, Ann. Ch. 
 etPhys., (3.) 28.211.) 
 
 PentaTmoNATE of protoxide OF IRON. Solu- 
 Fe 0, S s 6 ble in water, the solution undergoing 
 decomposition when evaporated. 
 
 PentaTmoNATE OF LEAD. Soluble in water. 
 
 PentaTniONATE OF POTASH. ? 
 
 PentaTmoNATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 PentaTmoNATK OF SODA. Known only in 
 Na 0, S 5 O 5 solution. 
 
 THIONESSAL. Almost insoluble in boiling al- 
 cohol. Difficultly soluble 
 in boiling ether. Its best 
 solvent is hot naphtha, 
 from which it separates on cooling. (Laurent.) 
 
 Z)*THIONOUS ACID. Vid. Hypo Sulphurous 
 Acid. 
 
 THIONURIC ACID. Permanent. Readily 
 C O 1 ' soluble in wa- 
 
 ter, the solu- 
 
 . ' . 
 
 tion being de- 
 composed by 
 boiling. The alkaline thionurates are soluble in 
 water, but those of the alkaline earths and metals 
 are difficultly soluble, or insoluble, therein, though 
 easily soluble in dilute acids. 
 
 THIONURATE OF AMMONIA. 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in cold, very 
 C 8 H, (N H 4 ) 2 N 3 S 2 12 + 2 Aq soluble in warm water. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. 
 C 8 H 4 (N H 4 ) N 3 S 2 12 
 
 THIONURATE OF BARYTA. Very soluble in 
 C, H a Baj N 3 S 2 O t2 + 2 Aq chlorhydric acid. 
 
 THIONURATE of dinoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 THIONURATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 I.) acid. 
 C 8 H 4 CuN 3 S 2 12 + Aq 
 
 THIONURATE OF LEAD. Soluble in dilute 
 C, H 3 Pb 2 N s S 2 o,, + 2 Aq chlorhydric acid. 
 
 THIONURATE OF LIME. 
 
 THIONURATE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in 
 
 C 8 H 3 Mn 2 N 3 S 2 12 + 2 Aq cold, scarcely at all 
 
 soluble in hot water. 
 
 (Merrick, Thesis of Lawrence Scientific School, 
 Cambridge, 1859.) 
 
 THIONURATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Sparingly soluble in hot water, 
 separating out again almost entirely as the solu- 
 tion cools. (Merrick, loc. cit.) 
 
 THIONURATE OF ZINC. Very sparingly solu- 
 C, H 4 zn N, S 2 0,, + Aq ble in water. 
 
 
 C 6 4 " 9 H ft 
 
 q (\ ih * tl V 
 
 THIONYLAMID. Insoluble in water, by which 
 
 ^ S- 2 " it is soon decomposed, however. De- 
 
 1 1 H 4 composed at once by alkaline solu- 
 
 tions. (Schiff.) 
 THIONYLAMIC ACID. Easily decomposed. 
 
 TmoSALicoL. 
 
 Vid SulphoSalicylous Acid. 
 
 Soluble in water, especially 
 when this 
 is warm. 
 Easily sol- 
 
 N c H 3 ? 
 
 or N K H. S 2 
 C 2 N J 
 
 (Rhodalin. SulphoCyanide 
 of Allylammonium . ) 
 
 C 8 H 8 N a S 2 = N J jCe * 
 
 cohol, and 
 
 ether. It is partially precipitated from the alco- 
 holic solution on the addition of water. (Dumas 
 & Pelouze.) After having been fused, it is less 
 soluble in water. (Aschoff.) When thiosinamin 
 is dissolved in boiling water it rarely crystallizes 
 out again as the solution cools, if this is left at 
 rest, but on strongly agitating this supersaturated 
 cold solution it solidifies at once. Again, if thio- 
 sinamin is melted beneath a small quantity of 
 water it remains as a viscous layer below the 
 water for a long time after it has become cold, but 
 on being agitated it solidifies immediately. (Ber- 
 thelot & De Luca, Ann. Ch. et Phys., "(3.) 44. 
 499.) 
 
 TmoSiNETHYLAMiN. Vid. EthylThiosina- 
 min. 
 
 TnioSiNNAPHTYLAMiN. Vid. NaphtylThio- 
 Sinamin. 
 
 TnioSiNPHENYLAMiN. Vid. PhcnylThioSi- 
 namin. 
 
 TmoToLAMic ACID. Vid. ThioToluic Acid. 
 
 TmoToLuic ACID. Not isolated. All of its 
 
 ( Thio Tolamic Acid. salts are 
 
 ToluenylSulphaminic Acid.) readily solu- 
 
 C, 4 H 9 N S 2 6 = N | |J ^7 . H 0, H ble in water. 
 
 THIOTOLUATE OF AMMONIA. Permanent in 
 C t4 H 8 (N H 4 ) N S 2 6 dry air, but gradually decom- 
 poses in moist air. Very 
 soluble in water. Readily soluble in spirit, and 
 absolute alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Hilken- 
 kamp.) 
 
 THIOTOLUATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water, 
 and easily in spirit. Insoluble in absolute alco- 
 hol or ether. (Hilkenkamp.) 
 
 THIOTOLUATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 C 14 H 8 K N S 2 4 and in boiling absolute alcohol ; 
 but less soluble in both the liquids 
 than the ammonia-salt. (Hilkenkamp.) 
 
 THIOTOLUATE OF SODA. Easily soluble in 
 water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
 in ether. ( Hilkenkamp.) 
 
 THIOTOLUOL. Vid. SulphoToluol. 
 
 THORIUM. Unacted upon by water, either hot 
 Th or cold. When treated with dilute sulphuric 
 acid the pulverulent metal is somewhat acted 
 upon at first, but this action soon becomes less 
 rapid, and the mixture may now be warmed, without 
 occasioning the solution of any considerable quan- 
 tity of thorium, unless the digestion be long con- 
 tinued. Fluorhydric acid has no more action upon it 
 than sulphuric acid, and nitric acid attacks it, if any- 
 thing, less readily than these ; the metal may even 
 be boiled with nitric acid, without dissolving to 
 any great extent. On the other hand, thorium is 
 very easily soluble in chlorhydric acid, complete 
 solution being very quickly effected when the acid 
 
694 
 
 TIN. 
 
 is warm. Unacted upon by aqueous solutions of 
 the caustic alkalies. (Berzelius, Pogg. Ann., 
 1829, 16. pp. 394, 395J 
 
 THYMEID. Soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 O a Hs, 8 = C M H 16 2 ".j 4 (Lallemand.) 
 
 THYMENE. 
 
 THYMIC ACID. Vid. Thymylic Acid. 
 THYMIN. Vid. Leucin. 
 THYMOL. Vid. Thymylic Acid. 
 THYMOLcA/ore. Vid. ChloroThymic Acid. 
 THYMOLm'fjtf. Vid. NitroThymic Acid ; also 
 NitroCymene. 
 
 THYMOYL. Very sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 c N 0-C H '' ! n S P ari "gly soluble in 
 c N 16 4 - O M H 16 o, | 2 alcohol. Very solu- 
 ble in ether, bu,t this 
 
 solution undergoes alteration after a time. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alkaline solutions. Very soluble 
 in warm concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids, 
 from which it is precipitated unchanged on the 
 addition of water. (Lallemand.) 
 
 THYMOYLAMID. Soluble in alcohol. (Lalle- 
 C M H 17 N 2 = N $ 24 H M 2 " rnand.) 
 
 THYMOYLIC ACID. Very sparingly soluble in 
 water. All of its salts are soluble in water, ex- 
 cepting those of lead and silver. (Lallemand, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 49. 166.) 
 
 THYMOYLATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 C H 28 16) 3 Pb 
 
 THYMOYLATE OF POTASH. Soluble in water, 
 and in absolute alcohol. 
 
 THYMOYLATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in wa- 
 ter. (Lallemand, loc. cit.) 
 
 THYMOYLOL. Sparingly soluble in warm wa- 
 
 c 24 n 18 o 4 = &* HIS '' j o 4 tei ;- , Ver 3 r soluble in i- 
 
 H 2 > cohol, and ether, espe- 
 cially when these are 
 
 warm. (Lallemand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 49. 
 165.) 
 THYMYLIC ACID. Soluble in about 333 pts. 
 
 ( Thymol. Hydrate of Thymyl. o f wa ter Verv 
 
 Isomeric with Hydrate of Cumicyl.) ,-_j-i i ui 
 C 20 HM 3 = C 20 H 13 0, H O &i\3 soluble m 
 
 alcohol, ether, 
 
 and glacial acetic acid. According to Stenhouse, 
 it is precipitated from the alcoholic solution in 
 drops on the addition of water ; but, according to 
 Lallemand, no such precipitation occurs. Solu- 
 ble, with combination, in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies. (Lallemaud.) Decomposed by 
 boiling with strong acids, and alkalies. (Sten- 
 house.) 
 
 THYMYLATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 I.) basic. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or acetic 
 c zo H is H K 2 , Hg acid. Unacted upon by dilute 
 
 sulphuric, or nitric acids. 
 THYMYLATE OF SILVER. Insoluble in water. 
 THYMYLATE OF SODA. Very soluble in wa- 
 C 20 H 13 Na Oj ter, and alcohol. A solution of this 
 salt produces precipitates with most 
 metallic salts. (Lallemand.) 
 
 THYMYLSULPnACETIC ACID. 
 
 (SulphJlcetoThymicAcid.') Soluble in water. All of 
 
 c J4 H i6 S 2io its salts are soluble in 
 
 water, and alcohol, though 
 
 somewhat less soluble than the corresponding 
 thymylsulphates. 
 
 THYMYLSOLPnAcETATE OF BARYTA. Sol- 
 
 c z H i Ba S z w ub l e in water ; the solution under- 
 e going partial decomposition when 
 
 rapidly evaporated. Soluble in alcohol. (Lalle- 
 mand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 49. 151.) 
 
 TiiYMYLSuLPHURic ACID. Permanent. Very 
 (Sulpha Tliymic Add.) soluble in water. All 
 
 C, H 14 hj05 + 2 Aq^Cjo of j tg sa j ts arc y 
 H., U, xl U, L a (Jo -4- Z Aq , . <L 
 
 soluble in water, and 
 absolute alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ether. 
 
 THYMYLSULPHATE OF AMMONIA. Readily 
 soluble in water, and absolute alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. (Lallemand, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 49. 150.) 
 
 THYMYLSCLPHATE OF BARYTA. Permanent. 
 C 20 H 13 Ba S 2 8 Soluble in water, and in absolute 
 alcohol. 
 
 THYMYLSDLPHATE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 CM H 13 Pb S a O 8 water, and in absolute alcohol. 
 
 THYMYLSULPHATE OF POTASH. Readily 
 soluble in water, and in absolute alcohol. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in ether. (Lallemand, loc. cit.) 
 
 THYMYLSULPHATE OF SODA. Readily solu- 
 ble in water, and absolute alcohol. Sparingly 
 soluble in ether. (Lallemand, loc. cit.) 
 
 THYMYLSULPHUROUS ACID. Deliquescent. 
 
 (Sulpha Cymenic Acid. Its salts are all 
 
 SiilphoCamp/iic Acid. soluble in wa- 
 
 SulphoCymohc Acid. 
 
 Cyntene Sulphurous Acid. * er ' 
 
 CM H 14 S s 6 = Cj,, H, 3 0, H 0, 2 S 0, 
 
 THYMYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. 
 I.) Readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
 C !0 H ]3 Ba S 2 6 + 2 Aq, 3 Aq, & 4 Aq 
 
 II.) Very much more soluble than the preced- 
 C 40 H 27 Ba Sj 6 ing in water, and alcohol. (Ger- 
 hardt & Cahours.) 
 
 THYMYLSULPHITE OF COPPER(CU O). Ea- 
 sily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Sieveking.) 
 
 THYMYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. Soluble in 
 C 20 H 13 Pb S 2 6 + 4 Aq water. 
 
 THYMYLSULPHITE OF LIME. Very soluble 
 C 20 H 13 Ca S 2 6 4- 3 Aq in water, and alcohol. 
 (Sieveking.) 
 
 THYMYLSULPHITE OF SILVER. Soluble in 
 water, the solution undergoing decomposition 
 when evaporated. 
 
 THYMYLSULPHITE OF SODA. Very readily 
 C 20 H ]3 Na S, 0, + 5 Aq soluble in water, and alco- 
 hol. (Sieveking.) 
 
 TIN. Permanent. Soluble in chlorhydric 
 Sn acid, though scarcely at all if this be dilute 
 and cold. Soluble in sulphuric acid, either 
 dilute or concentrated. Most readily soluble in 
 cold aqua-regia. Concentrated nitric acid attacks 
 it violently, but forms an insoluble oxide. Very 
 dilute and cold nitric acid dissolves it, however, 
 completely. When digested in an alkaline lye it 
 gradually dissolves. 
 
 Tin is not attacked by pure concentrated nitric 
 acid of 1.512 @ 1.41 9 sp.gr.; less concentrated 
 acids attack it violently. It is attacked, however, 
 by the concentrated acid when this contains nitrous 
 acid. (Millon, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 6. pp. 
 95, 99.) As is well known, when tin is treated 
 with pure nitric acid, the metal is simply changed 
 to insoluble stannic acid, nitric oxide being given 
 off. If granulated tin is put into very weak 
 nitric acid, say of 1.15 sp. gr., a small quantity is 
 quietly taken "up, but in a short time it is thrown 
 down again as a white powder, containing no nitric 
 acid. If, however, a very little chloride of am- 
 monium is first added to the dilute acid, the re- 
 action is different ; nitrous oxide is given off, and 
 
TITANIC ACID. 
 
 G95 
 
 the tin remains permanently in solution. A 
 small proportion of chlorhydric acid answers the 
 same purpose as the ammonia salt, for nitric acid 
 is deoxidized, and ammonia formed. Nitrate of 
 ammonia will not replace the chloride in this ex- 
 periment. In an experiment where tin was 
 treated with a mixture of equal parts of nitric 
 acid of 1.39 sp. gr., and chlorhydric acid of 1.16 
 sp. gr., enough of the metal was taken up to 
 make a dark, syrupy liquid of 2.24 sp. gr. Anal- 
 ysis showed this solution to contain about 24 
 equivalents of tin to 3 equivalents of nitric acid, 
 6 equivalents of chlorhydric acid, and 2 equiva- 
 lents of chloride of ammonium. Here we have 
 8 equivalents of tin retained in solution by 3 
 equivalents of acid. Another sample made with 
 a mixture of 4 pts. of nitric acid to 3 pts. of 
 chlorhydric acid, was of 2.443 sp. gr., and con- 
 tained 4 equivalents of tin to 1 of acid. (Ord- 
 way, Am. J. Sci., 1857, (2.) 23. 220.) 
 
 Like zinc, iron, etc., tin is much more readily 
 acted upon by acids to which small quantities of 
 metallic salts" have been added than by the acids 
 alone. This influence is most marked with chlor- 
 hydric acid, among the acids, and with bichloride 
 of platinum and tartar emetic, among the me- 
 tallic solutions ; arsenious acid. &c. [see Zinc], not 
 exerting any notable influence. The following 
 experimental results were obtained:'!.) 19.672 
 grms. of sheet tin placed in pure fuming chlorhy- 
 dric acid diluted with an equal volume of water, 
 at 21, lost 0.562 grm. II.) 19.841 grms. of the 
 tin in similar acid, to which had been added 15 
 'drops of a saturated aqueous solution of tartar 
 emetic, lost 6.296 grms. III.) 18.974 grms. of the 
 tin in acid, like that of No. I., to which had been 
 added 15 drops of an aqueous solution of bichlo- 
 ride of platinum [I pt. of Pt Cla in 10 pts. of 
 water], lost 7.495 grms. In expressing the action 
 of the pure chlorhydric acid upon the tin by 1, 
 the action of the same acid plus tartar emetic 
 may be expressed by 11, and that of the acid 
 plus bichloride of platinum by 13. When the 
 experiment" is made at the temperature of boiling 
 water, the difference between the platinum and 
 antimony is in favor of the latter, and it is found 
 that, at this temperature, the tartar emetic renders 
 the action of chlorhydric acid upon tin 5 times 
 more rapid, while the bichloride of platinum in- 
 creases it only threefold. The influence of these 
 small quantities of metal is still more decided 
 when granulated tin and the chlorhydric acid of 
 commerce are employed. 100 grammes of granu- 
 lated tin were dissolved in twenty minutes by 500 
 grms. of commercial chlorhydric acid, to which 
 had been added 40 drops of a saturated aqueous 
 solution of tartar emetic ; another portion of the 
 same acid, placed under similar circumstances, hut 
 without addition of any foreign salt, when poured 
 upon 100 grms. of granulated tin having dis- 
 solved only 19 grms. in the course of three 
 hours. Thus, when aided by a few millionths of 
 antimony, the chlorhydric acid dissolved a larger 
 portion of tin in one ninth the time required by 
 the pure acid. When the action of the boiling 
 acid is compared with that of the cold acid, to 
 which tartar-emetic has been added, it is found 
 that the latter acts almost as rapidly as the 
 former; so that in the manufacture of proto- 
 chloride of tin it is probable that heat might be 
 replaced by a small quantity of tartar-emetic, or 
 other salt of antimony, or, on the other hand, by 
 means of this addition the process may be made 
 8 or 10 times quicker. The phenomena pre- 
 sented by sulphuric acid, more or less dilute, in 
 
 its action upon tin, do not appear to be inter- 
 esting in this connection ; the organic acids also 
 are in the same predicament ; in any event, tho 
 atter only act very slowly, if at ail. (Millon, 
 C. R., 1825, 21. pp". 47, 48.) In connection with 
 Millon's experiments, compare Barreswil's obser- 
 vations. (C. R , 21. 292.) Tin is dissolved by 
 the hot aqueous solutions of several salts ; a 
 boiling solution of 1 pt. of alum in 4 pts. of 
 water, for example, dissolving it somewhat read- 
 ily. So also with solutions of bisulphate of pot- 
 ash, chloride of ammonium (1 pt. in 4 pts. of 
 water), normal tartrate of potash, and tartrate 
 and borate of potash. A solution of acetate of 
 potash also dissolved traces of it ; but it is not 
 attacked by solutions of sulphate of magnesia, 
 sulphate of soda, nitrate of potash, or monosul- 
 phate of potash. (Cludius, J. pr. Ch., 1836, 9. 
 161.) Soluble to a certain extent in boiling 
 aqueous solutions of several salts, as alum, [bi ?] 
 sulphate of potash, and chloride of ammonium. 
 Other salts oxidize without perceptibly dissolving 
 it ; in this class are many of the salts of the alka- 
 lies and alkaline earths, excepting nitrate, ace- 
 tate, and tartrate of potash, and phosphate and 
 borate of soda. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 589.) 
 
 TINKAL. Vid. iz'Borate of Soda. 
 
 TITANIC ACID. There are two isomeric mod- 
 (Titanic Oxide. Bin- jfications (according to Ber- 
 Oxide of Titanium.) ze li us ) : 
 
 1 1 Uj 
 
 a) Soluble. 
 
 a = hydrated. Insoluble in water. Easily sol- 
 uble in acids. Slightly soluble in aqueous solu- 
 tions of the alkaline carbonates. A complete 
 solution in an alkaline carbonate can only be ob- 
 tained by adding the solution of the titanium salt, 
 drop by drop, to the alkaline solution, and allow- 
 ing the precipitate to dissolve entirely before 
 adding a new portion of the titanium salt. After 
 the acid has been some time precipitated, it loses 
 its solubility in great measure. On boiling its 
 solution in carbonate of ammonia for some time 
 the acid is reprecipitated ; the same result may be 
 obtained with the solution in the fixed alkaline 
 carbonates, if these are first mixed with chloride 
 of ammonium. (Berzelius's Lehrb., 2. 389.) After 
 having been washed with hot water, it is less sol- 
 uble than when washed with cold water. Even 
 when moist it is very sparingly soluble in sul- 
 phurous acid, and the portion dissolved is com- 
 pletely reprecipitated on boiling the solution. 
 (Berthier, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 76.) Demoly 
 also distinguishes two modifications of titanic 
 acid : " ordinary," being the ordinary precipitated 
 hydrate, soluble in acids, to which he assigns the 
 formula, 3 Ti 2 + 5 H O, and metatitanic acid, 
 being that which has been dried at 140, or in 
 vacuo, and is insoluble in acids ; the formula of 
 this he writes, Ti 3 + 2 H O. The salts of 
 ordinary titanic acid are soluble in water, but 
 those of metatitanic acid are insoluble. 
 
 {}) Insoluble. 
 
 a = ignited. Insoluble in water, acids, except- 
 ing fluorhydric acid, or aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic or carbonated alkalies. When digested 
 with concentrated sulphuric acid at a gentle heat, 
 until the excess of acid is evaporated, a salt re- 
 mains which is soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) Anhydrous titanic acid, which has not 
 been ignited, is soluble in- dilute acids. When 
 solutions of titanic acid in chlorhydric or sulphu- 
 ric acid are boiled they undergo decomposition, 
 the titanic acid being precipitated completely from 
 
696 
 
 TOLURIC ACID. 
 
 the sulphuric acid solution, in its insoluble modi- 
 fication. (H. Rose, Pogy. Ann., 83. 150.) 
 
 TITANATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 Fe 0, Ti O 2 
 
 TITANATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 in water. Unacted upon by boiling sulphuric or 
 chlorhj'dric acid. (Wcehler.) 
 
 TITANATE OF LIME. Occurs as the mineral 
 
 Ca 0, Ti 0, Perofskite. Scarcely at all acted upon 
 
 by chlorhydric or other acids, except- 
 
 ing hot sulphuric acid, which decomposes it, sul- 
 
 phate of lime separating out. 
 
 TITANATE OF MANGANESE. Insoluble in 
 water. 
 
 TITANATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Decomposed by water, with forma- 
 tion of a soluble basic and an insoluble acid salt. 
 
 II.) basic. Soluble in water. 
 
 III.) acid. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 concentrated chlorhydric acid. 
 
 TITANATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) Decomposed by water. 
 Na 0, Ti 2 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. 
 
 TITANATE OF ZIRCONIA. 
 
 TITANIUM. Soluble in aqua-regia. Most of 
 Ti the metallic compounds of titanium are in- 
 soluble in water. None of them are known 
 to be soluble in alcohol. 
 
 TOLENE. 
 
 TOLUAMIC ACID. Like benzamic acid, which 
 ( Toluylamic Add.) it resembles, it dis- 
 
 C 1B H 9 N 4 = N J g 18 H ' > | solves readily i n 
 
 acids, with combina- 
 2 , or C 16 H 8 N 3 , H tio 
 
 332.) 
 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 53. 
 
 TOLUIC ACID. Readily soluble in boiling, 
 
 ( Toiuylic Acid.) somewhat less soluble 
 
 C 16 H 8 4 = C w H 7 3 , H in cold water. Soluble 
 
 in almost all propor- 
 
 tions in alcohol, ether, and wood-spirit. (Noad.) 
 
 An isomeric modification (AlphaToluic Acid) 
 observed, by Strecker & Cannizzaro, is sparingly 
 soluble in cold, abundantly soluble in boiling 
 water. Largely soluble in alcohol, and ether. 
 Its salts, with lime and baryta, are very soluble in 
 water, the ammonia-salt soluble in water, the 
 salts of copper (CuO), and silver, precipitates, the 
 latter soluble in boiling water. 
 
 TOLUATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water. 
 
 TOLUATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water. 
 C w H 7 Ba 0, 
 
 TOLCATE OF COPPER. "Very sparingly solu- 
 C, e H, Cu 4 hie in water. Soluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 TOLUATE OF ETHYL. Sparingly soluble, or 
 C i6 H T (C 4 H B ) O 4 insoluble, in water. 
 
 TOLUATE OF LIME. Soluble in water. 
 
 TOLUATE OF PHENYL. Soluble in a mixture 
 C,, H 7 (C,, H 6 ) 4 of alcohol and ether. 
 
 TOLUATE OF POTASH. Readily soluble in 
 water. 
 
 TOLUATE OF SILVER. Soluble in warm, less 
 C, 9 H 7 Ag 4 soluble in cold water. 
 
 TOLUATE OF SODA. Still more soluble than 
 the potash-salt. 
 
 ToLENE(in Balsam of Tolu). 
 
 C-o NIB 
 
 ToLEnGENic AciD(Anhydrous). Insoluble 
 (Toleugenyl.) ^ m "water. Somewhat 
 
 C 36 HIS <>6 = r 20 H 1l n 2 1 readily soluble in boil- 
 ing alcohol, and still 
 more easily in ether. (Cahours.) 
 
 TOLUENE. Vid. Hydride of Toluenyl. 
 
 ToLUENEcA/or^, &c. Vid. Hydride of Chloro- 
 Toluenyl, &c. 
 
 ToLUENOL^n'cA/ore. Vid. ChloroToluric Acid. 
 
 TOLUENYL. Not isolated. 
 
 (Tolyl.) 
 CH H T 
 
 TOLUENYLAMIN. Vid. Toluidin. 
 
 Tn'ToLUENYLAMiN. Sparingly soluble in wa- 
 
 (TriBcniylamin.) t er, or in cold alcohol ; 
 
 C 4S H 31 N = N \ (C 14 H 7 ) 3 more soluble in boiling 
 
 water, and still more 
 
 readily in ether. (Cannizzaro.) 
 
 ToLUENYLSuLPHAMiNic ACID. Vid. Thio- 
 Toluic Acid. 
 
 ToLUENYLSuLPHUROUs ACID. Very deli- 
 (SnlphoToluic Acid. quescent. Soluble in 
 
 Sulpha Toluenic Acid. t the so l ution nn . 
 
 Sulpha Benzoenic Acid. 
 
 SuiphoDracylic Add. dergoing decomposi- 
 
 TolvoiSulphitfic Acid. tion when evaporated. 
 
 Sulphite of Toluenyl.) 
 
 C 14 H g S 2 B + 2 Aq = C 14 
 
 H 7 0, H 0, 2 S 0, + 2 Aq 
 
 TOLUENYLSULPHITE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 
 in water. 
 
 TOLUENYLSULPHITE OF BARYTA. Perma- 
 
 C 14 H 7 Ba Sj 8 nent. Very easily soluble in wa- 
 ter. (Deville.) 
 
 TOLUENYLSULPHITE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 Appears to be soluble in water. 
 
 TOLUENYLSULPHITE OF LEAD. Very solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 TOLUENYLSULPHITE OF POTASH. Very sol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 TOLUENYLSULPHITE OF SILVER. Appears 
 to be soluble in water. 
 
 TOLUEUGENYL. Insoluble in water. Toler- 
 
 (AnhydrideofEvgenylToluicAcid.) ably easily solu- 
 C S8 H 18 8 = }> S"^ 5 } 0, ble in boiling 
 
 C ' 8H7 ' j alcohol; more 
 
 readily soluble in ether. (Cahours, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 52. 204.) 
 
 TOLUIDIN. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 (Tolvtnylamin. readily soluble in warm 
 
 ToluylAmmonia.) water Tolerably soluble in 
 
 C W H 9 N = NJ^ H ' alcohol, ether, wood-spirit, 
 acetone, and the fatty and 
 essential oils. Readily soluble in bisulphide of 
 carbon. (Muspratt & Hofmann.) 
 
 ToLuiDiNE6row Vid. BromoToluidin. 
 
 TOLUOL. Vid. Hydride of Toluenyl. 
 
 TOLUOSALICYL. Insoluble in cold, sparingly 
 
 (Salicylide of Toluyl. Anhydride soluble in 
 
 of Toluyl Salicylous Acid.) boiling wa- 
 
 C,o H,, 6 = gu gj j or g- g; ( 0, ter^par- 
 
 ble in cold, tolerably soluble in boiling alcohol; 
 more readily soluble in ether. Unacted upon by 
 boiling pota'sh-lye. (Cahours, Ann. CJi. et Phys., 
 (3.) 52. 195.) 
 
 TOLURIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 ( C z Oj" abundantly sol- 
 
 C 20 H n N 0. = N j C,. H 7 0, . 0, H uble in b ^ ;ling 
 
 tL H * water. Readily 
 
TUNGSTATES. 
 
 697 
 
 soluble in cold, and in all proportions in boiling 
 alcohol. Very difficultly and sparingly soluble in 
 pure ether; but dissolves in a mixture of ether 
 and alcohol. Soluble, without decomposition, in 
 cold concentrated chlorhydric acid, but the solu- 
 tion is decomposed by boiling. Easily soluble, 
 with combination, in alkaline solutions. (Kraut, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 98. 365.) 
 
 TOLURATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble in 
 C, H 10 Ba N B + 5 Aq hot water. (Kraut, loc. 
 ciT.) 
 
 TOLURATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Kraut, loc. cit.) 
 
 TOLURATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 TOLURATE OF LIME. Easily soluble in hot, 
 CM H 10 Ca N 0. + 3 Aq sparingly soluble in cold 
 water. (Kraut, loc. cit.) 
 
 TOLURATE OF SILVER. Abundantly soluble 
 C, H 10 Ag N O s in boiling, less soluble in cold 
 water. (Kraut, he. cit.) 
 
 TOLERATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. 
 
 TOLUYLIC ACID. Vid. Toluic Acid. 
 
 TOLUYLAMMONIA. Vid. Toluidin. 
 
 TOLUYLAMIC ACID. Vid. Toluamic Acid. 
 
 ^4/pAaToLUYLAMiN. Soluble in hot, less solu- 
 ble in cold water. (Strecker.) 
 
 TOLUYLUREA. 
 ( Carbonyl Toluylbiamid. ) 
 
 TOLYL. Same as Toluenyl, q. v. 
 C, 4 H 7 
 
 Traubensceure. Vid. ParaTartaric Acid. 
 
 THEHALOSE. Easily soluble in water. Al- 
 r C w H 8 0," ) , Aa most insoluble in 
 C u H u O u = " ft, $ * + Aq coldi tolerably ea . 
 
 sily soluble in 
 
 boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. Decomposed 
 by boiling dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 TRI or TRIS ACETATE (&c.) OF X. See under 
 Acetate (&c.) of A', as <nsAcetate of X, frt'Sul- 
 phate of X, and the like. 
 
 TRIGENIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 iOj 2 " Nearly insoluble 
 
 * . 0, HO in alcohol. (Lie- 
 H H big.) Soluble in 
 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 TRIGENATE OP SILVER. Soluble in boiling, 
 C, H, Ag N, 4 less soluble in cold water. 
 TRiTYL(of Gerhardt).- Vid. Propyl. 
 TRITYLAMIN. Vid. Propylamin. 
 TRiTYLENF.(of Gerhardt). Vid. Propylene. 
 
 TRiTYLENEcWonf, &c. Vid. Chloro (&c.) Pro- 
 pylene. 
 
 TRITYLIC ALCOHOL. Vid. Hydrate of Pro- 
 pyl. 
 
 TRITYLSULPHURIC ACID. Vid. SulphoPro- 
 pylic Acid. 
 
 TROPEOLIC AciD(from Trojxxolum majus). 
 Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. (Mueller.) 
 
 TUNGSTIC ACID. 
 
 a.) Ordinary, insoluble modification. 
 
 a. = anhydrous. Soluble in water, especially 
 
 W O s when this is hot. Scarcely at all soluble in 
 
 water which contains any portion of acid. 
 
 (Berzelius.) It appears to be insoluble in all 
 
 acids, excepting concentrated chlorhydric and 
 
 fluorhydric acids, in which it is very sparingly 
 
 88 
 
 I soluble. With the exception of the alkaline salts, 
 all of its compounds are insoluble in water. 
 
 Somewhat soluble in aqueous solutions of the 
 alkalies, even ammonia, especially when these are 
 boiling. (Riche, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 
 35.) Laurent (Ann. Ch. et Phys., (S.) 21. 58) 
 argues, that there are several isomeric compounds, 
 as " para," " iso," and " poly," tungstic acids, 
 but his assertions have been disproved by Lotz and 
 Riche. Laurent's statements are so vague, that 
 I have made no effort to record them here. 
 
 b = hydrated. Riche, (Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 50. 35) describes two hydrates of common or 
 " insoluble " modification of tungstic acid, viz. 
 H O, W O S) 'and 2 H O, W Os, both of which 
 are insoluble in water. The bihydrate dissolves, 
 however, with combination, in aqueous solutions 
 of the tungstates while the monohydrate is insolu- 
 ble in these. According to Anthon (J. pr. Ch., 
 9. 6, cited in Wittstein's Handw.) the dry hy- 
 drate, W O 3 + 2 H O, is soluble in 250 @ 300 
 pts. of cold water, and in 30 pts. of boiling water ; 
 and nothing is precipitated from the aqueous so- 
 lution on the addition of acids. When freshly 
 precipitated, it is soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 the caustic and carbonated alkalies. 
 
 (9. Soluble modification. Known only in cold 
 (Meta Tungstic Acid.) aqueous solution; this solu- 
 tion being decomposed when 
 boiled, or when evaporated so far that the solu- 
 tion is very concentrated. 
 
 The salts of metatungstic acid are slowly de- 
 composed when dissolved in cold water ; but im- 
 mediately when treated with alkaline solutions. 
 The alkaline metatungstates are much more solu- 
 ble in water than those of ordinary tungstic acid. 
 (Riche, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 43.) The 
 metatungstates of the alkaline earths and of the 
 metals appear to be soluble in water, excepting 
 those of dinoxide of mercury (insoluble), and of 
 lead (sparingly soluble). (Lotz, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 91. 74.) The alkaline tungstates ("or- 
 dinary ") are soluble in water, but the others, with 
 the exception of the magnesia salt, appear to be 
 all insoluble in water. 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF ALUMINA. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water, or in an aque- 
 ous solution of tungstate of soda. Easily soluble 
 in solutions of alum, of caustic soda, and ammo- 
 nia, and of phosphoric, oxalic, and tartaric acids. 
 (Lotz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 66.) 
 
 II.) Soluble in an aqueous solution of alum. 
 Al s 3 , 7 W 3 + 9 Aq (Lotz, loc. cit.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) Very sparingly soluble in water. (Riche, 
 N H 4 0, 3 H 0, 4 W 0, + Aq Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 
 II.) Soluble in water. (Riche, loc. cit.) 
 N H 4 0, 3 H 0, 4 W 3 -f 3 Aq 
 
 III.) 100 pts. of boiling water dissolve 10.4 pts. 
 N H 4 O, 3 H 0, 4 W O 3 + 2 Aq ; of it at the tern- 
 same as the old " N H 4 0, 3 W O s pe rature of boiling, 
 + 2 Aq "(Riche). j 3 ptg &t ^ 
 
 ordinary temperature ; it is much more readily 
 soluble in ammonia-water. (Riche, loc. cit., p. 
 53.) 
 
 IV.) Permanent. Difficultly and slowly sol- 
 " Bitungstate " of Berzelius & Anthon uble in wa- 
 
 " (N H. 0, 2 W O s + Aq) 3 N H O, ter "When 
 
 7WO., 1 +6Aq-,or2(NH 4 0, 2W0 3 )i JJJ; 
 N H 4 O, 3 W 3 + 6 Aq(of Lots). Ot^ pow- 
 
 seems to be almost entirely insoluble in cold 
 water. Soluble in 26.1 pta. of water at 10.7, 
 
698 
 
 TUNGSTATES. 
 
 and in 5.8 pts. of boiling water. On boiling the ' 
 aqueous solution ammonia is evolved and a more 
 soluble salt is formed. (Lotz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 
 91. 52.) Permanent. Soluble in 25 @ 28 pts. of 
 cold water. Insoluble in alcohol. (Anthon.) 
 
 V.) Soluble in water. (Lotz.) 
 2 (N H 4 0, 2 W 8 ) ; N H 4 0, 3 W O 3 + 3 Aq 
 
 ft or .MkaTuNGSTATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water, being 
 
 N H 4 0, H 0, 2 W 2 6 + 3 Aq much more soluble 
 
 than the ordinary 
 
 tungstiite of ammonia. (Riche, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 50. 64.) 
 
 II.) acid. Much more soluble in water than 
 ( Octahedral.) the normal me- 
 
 N H 4 0, 3 H 0, 3 W 2 6 + 10 Aq(of tatungstate of 
 Riche). 2(NH 4 0,4 W0 3 ) + 15 Aq; amm nnia 100 
 i. e. N II 4 0, 3 H 0, 4 W O s + 9 Aq 
 
 (of Lotz). " N H 4 O, 3 W O s + 5 P ts - * cold wa ' 
 Aq "(of Margueritte). " (N H 4 )|. ter dissolve 288 
 
 HI W 3 10 + 5 Aq, or metatungstate " pts. of it ; sol- 
 (of Laurent). uble in all pro- 
 
 portions in hot 
 
 water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. (Riche, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 66.) 
 
 Efflorescent. Very readily soluble in water. 
 Soluble in 0.84 pts. of water at 1.5; and much 
 more soluble in warm water. The aqueous solu- 
 tion saturated at 40 becomes almost entirely 
 solid on cooling. Sparingly soluble in ordinary 
 spirit ; but almost, if not entirely, insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. (Lotz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 
 72.) 
 
 TUNG STATE OF AMMONIA & OF CADMIUM. 
 4 (3 Cd 0, 7 W 3 ) ; 3 N H 4 0, 7 W O s + 35 Aq Soluble 
 
 in wa- 
 ter acidulated with nitric acid. (Lotz.) 
 
 TDNGSTATE OF AMMONIA & OF MAGNESIA. 
 2 (Mg O, 2 W O s ) 5 N H 4 0, 3 W 8 + 10 Aq Very dif- 
 
 ficultly 
 
 soluble in water. Soluble in water acidulated 
 with nitric acid. (Lotz.) 
 
 TCNGSTATE OF AMMONIA & of protoxide OF 
 "NH t O, HgO, 2W0 3 -fAq" MERCURY. Insol- 
 uble in water. De- 
 composed by acids and by alkaline solutions. 
 (Anthon.) 
 
 TCNGSTATE OF AMMONIA & of binoxide OF 
 MOLYBDENUM. 
 
 I ) basic. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TUNGBTATE OF AMMONIA & OF POTASH(of 
 
 N H 4 0, KO, 4 WO, + 6 Aq Margueritte). 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF AMMONIA & OF SODA. Very 
 
 2 (N H 4 0, 2 W O s ) ; Na 0, W 3 sparingly soluble, 
 or insoluble, in 
 cold water. (Lotz.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF AMMONIA & OF ZINC. Some- 
 N H 4 0, 3 W O s i 2 (Zn 0. 2 W 3 ) + 13 Aq what solu- 
 ble in boil- 
 ing water. Easily soluble in aqueous solutions of 
 tungstate of ammonia, and sulphate of zinc, and in 
 phosphoric, oxalic, tartaric, and dilute nitric 
 acids. (Lotz.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water, or in boiling 
 " Ba O, W 3 " phosphoric acid. Soluble in boil- 
 ing, less soluble in cold, oxalic 
 acid. (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in cold, very sparingly solu- 
 Ba O, 2 W 3 & + 3 Aq ble in boiling water. Par- 
 tially soluble in boiling 
 oxalic acid. (Anthon.) Recently precipitated 
 tungstate of baryta is soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 
 tion of chloride of ammonium. (Wackenroder, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 41. 316.) 
 
 III.) 3 BaO,7W0 3 
 
 IV.) When recently precipitated, it is slightly 
 3 Ba 0, 4 H 0, 7 W O g + 4 Aq soluble in water acid- 
 ulated with nitric acid. 
 (Lotz.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF JerBROMiDE OF TUNGSTEN. 
 2 W Br 3 , W O 3 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF CADMIUM. 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. Soluble in am- 
 " Cd O, W 3 & + 2 Aq " monia-water, and in hot 
 phosphoric and oxalic acids. 
 (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in water. Soluble in am- 
 "CdO, 2W0 3 " monia-water, and in hot phos- 
 phoric, oxalic, and acetic acids. 
 (Anthon.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF CHLORIDE OF TUNGSTEN. 
 I.) Rapidly decomposed by water. Readily 
 W CI 3 , 2 W O 3 soluble, with decomposition, in 
 ammonia-water. (Wcebler.) 
 
 II.) (Bonnet.) 
 
 2 W CI 3 , W O s 
 
 TUNGSTATE of sesquioxide OF CHROMIUM. 
 I.) normal. Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 Cr 2 3 , 3 W O s + 7 Aq & 13 Aq terchloride of chro- 
 mium, and in phos- 
 phoric, oxalic, and tartaric acids. (Lotz.) 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water, or an aqueous solution 
 Cr 2 3 , 8 W O s -{- 9 Aq of tungstate of ammonia. 
 Soluble in a solution of ter- 
 chloride of chromium. (Lotz.) 
 TUNGSTATE OF COBALT. 
 I.) Insoluble in water, or cold nitric acid. Sol- 
 " Co 0, W 3 & + 2 Aq " uble in ammonia-water, 
 and in warm acetic and 
 
 phosphoric acids, partially soluble in oxalic acid. 
 (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in water. Imperfectly solu- 
 " Co 0, 2 W 3 & + 3 Aq " ble in oxalic acid. Sol- 
 uble in am monia-water, 
 
 and in phosphoric and acetic' acids. (Anthon.) 
 TUNGSTATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water, or oxalic acid. 
 "Cu 0, W $ + 2 Aq" Soluble in ammonia-water, 
 and in phosphoric and 
 acetic acids. (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in water, or nitric acid. Sol- 
 " Cu 0, 2 WOj + 4 Aq" uble in ammonia-water. 
 (Anthon.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. Soluble in chlorhydric, 
 
 " Fe 0, W O s & + 3 Aq " sulphuric, and nitric acids, 
 
 without decomposition, in 
 
 the cold, but with complete decomposition and 
 separation of W Os on boiling. Soluble in hot 
 phosphoric and oxalic acids. (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) U. Insoluble in water. Soluble in hot 
 
 " Fe 0,2 W0 3 + 2 Aq" phosphoric and oxalic 
 
 acids. Decomposed by 
 
 dilute- chlorhydric acid, and by a solution of caus- 
 tic potash. (Anthon.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE of stsquioxide OF IRON. Easily 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of terchloride of 
 iron, even in the cold ; also soluble in a boiling 
 solution of tungstate of ammonia. (Lotz.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE of protoxide OF IRON & OF MAN- 
 
 3 (Fe O, W O 3 ) ; Mn 0, W 3 GANESE. Partially sol- 
 
 uble in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
TUNGSTATES. 
 
 699 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water, or in cold nitric acid. 
 "PbO, WO S " Decomposed by hot nitric acid. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of 
 caustic potash. (Anthon.) The native com- 
 pound (Scheelenite) is soluble in potash-lye, and is 
 decomposed by nitric acid, tungstic acid separat- 
 ing out. 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water, even when this is acidu- 
 2 (Pb 0, 2 w 3 ) ; Pb 0, W 8 + 10 Aq lated with ni- 
 tric acid, or in 
 
 aqueous solutions of tungstate of ammonia, or 
 nitrate of lead. Soluble in a solution of caustic 
 soda, and in boiling phosphoric acid. (Lotz, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 65.) " Tungstate of lead " 
 is soluble in a saturated aqueous solution of chlo- 
 ride of sodium. (Becquerel, C. R., 1845, 20. 
 1523.) 
 
 /9 or JftaTuNGSTATE OF LEAD. Sparingly 
 Pb 0, 4 W O s + 6 H O ? soluble in water. Easily 
 soluble in nitric acid. (Lotz, 
 loc. cit., p. 74.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF LIME. Permanent. Insolu- 
 "CaO, W0 3 " ble in water. A boiling aqueous 
 solution of caustic potash removes 
 a portion of the acid. 
 
 When recently precipitated, it is soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 (Wackenroder, Ann. Ch.^ u. Pharm., 41. 316.) 
 The native compound (Scheelite) is decomposed 
 by chlorhydric and nitric acids, with separation 
 of a yellow powder, which is soluble in ammonia- 
 water. 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Very soluble in water. 
 "LiO,W0 8 " (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) hi. Permanent. Rather less soluble in 
 "LiO,2W0 8 " water than the soda salt. (An- 
 thon.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF MAGNESIA. Permanent. 
 "MgO, WO 3 " Readily soluble in water. 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 " Mn O, W 3 " & + 2 Aq warm phosphoric and 
 oxalic acids, also spar- 
 ingly soluble in acetic acid. Insoluble in cold 
 chlorhydric acid. (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in water. Soluble in aque- 
 "MnO, 2 WOg + 3 Aq" ous solutions of phos- 
 phoric, oxalic, and nitric 
 acids. (Anthon.) 
 
 III.) When recently precipitated, it is soluble 
 
 2 (Mn O, 2 W 3 ) ; Mn O, in a smal \ amount of 
 W O 3 & + 3 Aq & 11 Aq water acidulated with ni- 
 tric acid. (Lotz.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 "HgjO, WO 3 " uble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 p or MetaTuNGSTATE of dinoxide OF MER- 
 CURY. Insoluble in water. Easily soluble in 
 nitric acid. (Lotz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 91. 74.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) Insoluble in water. (Anthon.) 
 "3HgO, 2WO S 
 
 II.) Insoluble in water. (Anthon.) 
 " 2 Hg 0, 3 W 3 " 
 
 TUNGSTATE ofbinoxide OF MOLYBDENUM. Per- 
 Mo 2 , 2 W O 3 manent. Soluble in water. Insol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium, or in alcohol of 0.87 
 sp. gr. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I. ) mono. Insoluble in water, or oxalic acid. 
 " Ni 0, W 0, + 6 Aq " Soluble in warm ammonia- 
 water, and in boiling phos- 
 phoric and acetic acids. (Anthon.) 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in water. Slightly soluble 
 " Ni 0, 2 W O s & + 4 Aq " in oxalic acid. Com- 
 pletely soluble in phos- 
 phoric and acetic acids. (Anthon.) 
 
 III.) Soluble in a small quantity of water 
 2 (Ni 0, 2 W 0,) i Ni 0, W 3 & + 14 Aq acidulated 
 
 with nitric 
 
 acid, and in an aqueous solution of sulphate of 
 nickel. Insoluble in a solution of tungstate of 
 ammonia. (Lotz) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. 
 
 a = anhydrous. Very soluble in water, with 
 K 0, W O s reduction of temperature ; much more 
 readily in hot than in cold. 100 pts. 
 of boiling water dissolve about 152.2 pts. of it; 
 and 100 pts. of cold water about 52 pts. The 
 aqueous solution is not miscible with alcohol, but 
 when left in contact with alcohol the latter grad- 
 ually combines with the water, and the salt is 
 precipitated. Almost entirely insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Riche, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 48.) 
 
 b = hydrated. Not deliquescent when pure. 
 KO, W0, + Aq (Riche.) 
 
 c = " K 0, W O s + 5 Aq "(of Anthon). Hygroscopic. 
 
 Soluble in 1 
 
 pt. of cold, and in 0.5 pt. of boiling water. It is 
 precipitated from the aqueous solution on addition 
 of sulphuric, chlorhydric, or nitric acids. (An- 
 thon.) Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. Soluble in 100 pts. of 
 
 "K 0, 2 W0 3 + 2 Aq" water at 16, and in 8.5 
 
 pts. of boiling water. On 
 
 the addition of acids, it is partially precipitated 
 from the aqueous solution. (Anthon.) Insolu- 
 ble in alcohol. 
 
 III.) Insoluble Tungstate of Potash ("not, how- 
 K 0, 2 W 3 + 3 Aq ever, a fait of insoluble W 3 ") 
 Very sparingly soluble in wa- 
 ter. 100 pts. of water dissolve 6.6 pts. of it at 
 boiling, and 2.15 pts. in the cold. (Riche, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 50.) 
 
 IV.) /* or MetaTuNGSTATE OF POTASH. 
 KO W-,0. (Same as the old " Pentacid Tung- 
 state," = " K O, 5 W O, + 8 Aq.") 
 Permanent. Very soluble in cold, soluble in all 
 proportions in boiling water. The aqueous solu- 
 tion is partially decomposed on prolonged ebul- 
 lition. (Riche, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 61.) 
 
 V.) Soluble in water. 
 " K 0, 5 W O 3 + 6 Aq "(of Margueritte). 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF POTASH & of birtoxide OF 
 TUNGSTEN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, acids, 
 or alkaline solutions. (Laurent.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF SILVER. 
 
 I.) bi. Insoluble in water. Scarcely at all 
 
 "A0 2 WO," soluble in phosphoric or acetic 
 
 acids ; more readily soluble in 
 
 oxalic acid, and in aqueous solutions of caustic 
 
 ammonia, and potash. (Anthon.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. Permanent. Soluble in 4 pts. of 
 NaO WO.+ 2Aq cold, and in 2 pts. of boiling 
 water (Vauquelin & Hecht) ; 
 in 1 1 pt of cold, and in 0.5 pt. of boiling water. 
 (Anthon.) 100 pts. of water at 100" dissolve 
 123.58 pts. of it; at 15, 55.52 pts. ; and at 0, 
 40.92 pts. of it. Insoluble in alcohol. Decora- 
 
700 
 
 TYROSIN. 
 
 posed by acids. Carbonic acid precipitates an 
 insoluble tungstate (analogous to the potash salt 
 No. III.) from the aqueous solution. (Riche, 
 Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 50. 52.) 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. Soluble in 8 pts. of cold 
 
 Na 0, 2 W 3 + 4 Aq water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 (Anthon.) Malaguti has 
 
 obtained a salt with 4 equivalents, H O, which is 
 
 less soluble than Anthon's. 
 
 III.) / or MrfaTuNGSTATE OP SODA. (Same 
 Na 0, W 2 8 as Margueritte's Bitungstate.) Sol- 
 uble in water. (Riche.) 
 
 IV.) " Na 0, 4 W O s + 3 Aq "(of Margueritte). 
 
 TONGSTATE OF SODA & OF TUNGSTEN. Sol- 
 
 Na 0, W 3 ; W 2 , W 3 uble, with decomposition, 
 
 in fluorhydric acid, but is 
 
 unacted upon by other acids, even boiling aqua- 
 regia, or by alkaline solutions. (Wcehler.) 
 
 TDNGSTATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. (Anthon.) 
 Sr O, W 0, 
 
 II.) bi. Insoluble in cold water; completely 
 "SrO, 2 W 3 + 5 Aq" soluble in hot water, and 
 in oxalic and phosphoric 
 acids. (Anthon.) 
 
 III.) When recently precipitated, it is soluble 
 8 Sr 0, 7 W 3 + 4 Aq in a small amount of water 
 acidulated with nitric acid. 
 (Lotz.) 
 
 TUNGSTATE OF THORIA. Insoluble in water. 
 Th 0, W O, (Berzelius.) Ppt., from acid as well 
 as neutral tungstates. (Berzelius, 
 Pogg. Ann,, 1829, 16. 412.) 
 
 TDNGSTATE of protoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 
 " Sn 0, W O s + 6 Aq " water. Soluble in oxalic 
 
 acid, and in an aqueous 
 
 solution of caustic potash. Slowly soluble in hot 
 phosphoric acid. (Anthon.) 
 
 TDNGSTATE ofbinoxide OF TIN. Insoluble in 
 an aqueous solution of tungstate of ammonia. 
 Soluble in a solution of chloride of tin, in phos- 
 phoric and in tartaric acids. (Lotz.) 
 
 TDNGSTATE OF TUNGSTEN. Slowly, but com- 
 (Blue Oxide of Tungsten.) pletely, soluble in an 
 W 0,, W O s = w a 6 aqueous solution of caus- 
 
 tic potash. 
 
 TDNGSTATE of protoxide OF UKANIDM. In- 
 2 Ur 0, 3 W 3 + 6 Aq soluble in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Soluble in 
 chlorhydric acid. 
 
 TDNGSTATE of sesquioxide OF URANIDM. In- 
 Ur 2 0,, W 3 soluble in water. Soluble in strong 
 acids, and in an aqueous solution 
 of carbonate of ammonia. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TDNGSTATE OF VANADIUM. Slightly soluble 
 in water. 
 
 TDNGSTATE OF YTTRIA. Very sparingly 
 Yr 0, W 3 + 2 Aq soluble in water ; rather more 
 soluble in an aqueous solution 
 of tungstate of soda. (Berzelius.) 
 
 TDNGSTATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. 
 Zn 0, W 3 
 
 TDNGSTEN. Unacted upon by any of the 
 W acids, by aqua-regia, or alkaline solutions. 
 But is easily dissolved by a mixture of potash- 
 lye and hypochlorite of soda. (Wcehler & v. 
 Uslar.) None of the metallic compounds of tung- 
 sten are known to be soluble in alcohol. 
 
 TONGSTIDE OF LEAD. 
 
 TDNGSTITE OF X. Vid. Tungstate of X, & 
 of Tungsten. 
 
 TDNICIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 C u H 10 10 or glacial acetic acid. (Berthelot.) 
 Slowly soluble in concentrated nitric 
 acid. (Schmidt.) Difficultly soluble in an aque- 
 ous solution of cupramin. ( Schlossberger. ) Un- 
 acted upon by boiling dilute acids, or by boiling 
 potash-lye. (Berthelot.) Soluble in cold con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. (Dumas.) 
 
 TURPENTINE. See under ESSENCES, & RES- 
 INS. 
 
 TURPETH MINERAL. Vid. fcaszcSulphate of 
 Mercury (3 Hg O, S Oa). (Kane.) 
 
 TYROSIN. Very sparingly soluble in cold, 
 CC 14 H 5 O, tolerably sol u- 
 
 C M H n N 8 = N < $> H 2 . 0, H ble in boiling 
 j^ if ' water. 
 
 Difficultly soluble in water. (Liebig.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in cold, abundantly soluble in hot 
 water. (De la Rue ; Hinterberger. ) Less solu- 
 ble than cucin in cold water. Soluble in 1900 
 pts. of water at 16, and in 150 pts. of boiling 
 water. Soluble in 13500 pts. of cold alcohol of 
 90%, and the solubility does not increase to any 
 extent when the temperature is elevated. Insolu- 
 ble in ether. (Stsedeler, in Kolbe's Lehrb., 2. 
 307.) Insoluble in absolute alcohol. (Liebig.) 
 Scarcely at all soluble in absolute alcohol (Bopp), 
 more readily soluble when this contains acids or 
 alkalies. (Strecker. ) Insoluble in ether. (Hin- 
 terberger.) Readily soluble in alkaline solutions 
 (Liebig) ; also in solutions of the alkaline earths, 
 with combination in both cases. (Wicke. ) Sol- 
 uble, without decomposition, in ammonia- water, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. (De la Rue; Hinterberger.) Soluble, 
 with combination, in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 in chlorhydric acid, and the mineral acids in 
 general. Easily soluble, with decomposition, in 
 nitric acid. Its solubility in water is not much 
 augmented by the addition of acetic acid. 
 
 TTROSINBARIUM. 
 
 I. ) Soluble in water. 
 C 18 H 10 Ba N 8 
 
 II.) Rather difficultly soluble in water. More 
 C J8 H 9 Ba, N 0, + 4 Aq abundantly soluble in cold 
 than in hot water. Alcohol 
 precipitates it from its aqueous solution. 
 
 TTROSINCALCIUM. Soluble in water. 
 C 18 H 9 Ca, N 6 
 
 TYROSIN SILVER. 
 
 I.) Sparingly soluble in water. Easily soluble 
 C lg H 10 Ag N 0, + Aq in nitric acid and in ammo- 
 nia-water. 
 
 II.) Difficultly soluble in water. Decomposed 
 C 18 H 9 Agj N Og + 2 Aq when boiled with water. 
 
 TTROSINSODIDM. Soluble in water. 
 C M H 9 Na^ N O 8 
 
 TYROSINSULPHDRIC ACID. 
 
 I.) Monobasic. 
 CM Hu N S z M = CM H 10 N 6 , H 0, S, O g 
 
 a = Crystalline. Exceedingly difficultly solu- 
 ble in cold water, and only 
 slowly soluble in boiling water. Boiling alcohol 
 only dissolves traces of it. On the addition of 
 chlorhydric or nitric acid, it is precipitated from 
 the aqueous solution. 
 
 b = Starchlike powder. Much more readily 
 soluble, both in water 
 
 and ordinary spirit, than a. On the addition of 
 strong chlorhydric acid to the aqueous solution a 
 is precipitated. The salts of monobasic tyrosin- 
 sulphuric acid are generally soluble in water. 
 ( Stdeler. ) 
 
URIC ACID. 
 
 701 
 
 TYROSINStJLPHATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble 
 C M H 10 ( N H 4 ) N O a , S 2 6 + 2 Aq in water. 
 
 TYROSIN SULPHATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 18 II 10 Ba N 6 , S, 6 + 4 Aq water. 
 
 TYROSINSULPHATE OF LlME. Soluble in 
 C 18 H 10 Ca N Og, S 2 8 + 6 Aq water. 
 
 II.) Bibasic. 
 C 18 H u N S 2 12 = C 18 H 9 N 4 , 2 H 0, S 2 0. 
 
 DiTYROSINSOLPHATE OF BARYTA. Difficultly 
 
 C 18 H e Ba 2 N 6 , S 2 6 + 6 Aq soluble in cold, toler- 
 ably abundantly solu- 
 ble in boiling water. 
 
 U. 
 
 ULMIN. Of the products formed by the action 
 
 (Ulmic Acid. Gein. Hu- of acids upon organic 
 
 mic Jldd. Geic Jleid.) substances, as cellulose, 
 
 sugar, gum, starch, &c., 
 
 a portion is soluble in ammonia-water. Another 
 portion " ulmin " is not soluble in ammonia- 
 water, nor in solutions of the caustic alkalies. 
 " Ulmic acid," when moist, is soluble in pure 
 water, and in alkaline solutions, but is less solu- 
 ble after having been strongly dried, or digested 
 in concentrated chlorhydric acid. It is insoluble 
 in acids, or in an aqueous solution of sulphate of 
 potash ; its compounds with copper and silver, 
 are precipitates. For the ulmic products formed 
 by the action of alkalies upon sugar, starch, gum, 
 &c., see Melassic Acid ; and for those formed by 
 the putrefaction of organic matter, like the leaves 
 and roots of plants, see Crenic Acid. 
 UMBELLIC ACID. Vid. Anisic Acid. 
 URAMILIC ACID. Vid. Dialurate of Ammo- 
 nia(aczW). 
 
 URAMIL. Vid. Dialuramid. 
 URANIC ACID. Vid. SesquiOxifa of Ura- 
 nium. 
 
 URANATE OF AMMONIA. Sparingly soluble 
 N H, 0, 2 Ur 2 3 + Aq in pure water. Easily soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of 
 sesquicarbonate of ammonia. Insoluble in am- 
 monia-water, or in a weak aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. (Compare Peligot, Ann 
 Ch.etPhys., (3.) 5. pp. 11, 45.) 
 
 URANATE OF BARYTA. Insoluble in water. 
 BaO,2Ur 2 3 (Berzelius.) 
 
 URANATE OF COBALT. Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of basic acetate 
 of lead. (Persoz, J. pr. Ch., 1834, 3. 216.) Sol- 
 uble in nitric acid. Insoluble in an aqueous 
 solution of nitrate of potash. (Ebelmen, Ann. 
 Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 222.) 
 
 URANATE OF LEAD. When dried at 100, it 
 PbO 2Ur 0. is readily soluble, with combina- 
 tion, in acetic acid ; but after hav- 
 ing been ignited, it is but difficultly soluble in 
 acetic acid. ( Wertheim, Ann. Ch. et Phys. (3.) 
 11. 69.) Uranate of lead is completely insoluble 
 in "an aqueous solution of basic acetate of lead 
 (Persoz, J.pr. Ch., 1834, 3. 216.) 
 URANATE OF LIME. 
 URANATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 Mg 0, 2 Ur 2 0, 
 
 URANATE or NICKEL. Insoluble in water 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of basic acetate 
 of lead. (Persoz, J. pr. Ch., 1834, 3. 216.) 
 
 URANATE OF POTASH. Insoluble in, and nn- 
 KO,2Ur 2 3 acted upon by, boiling water. (Ber- 
 zelius, Lehrb.) Insoluble in an 
 aqueous solution of monocarbonate of potash, 
 but readily and completely soluble in solutions of 
 the alkaline bicarbonates, with combination. Sol- 
 uble in chlorhydric acid. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 5. pp. 220, 204.) 
 
 URANATE OF SILVER. Ppt 
 
 AgO,2Ur 2 3 
 
 URANATE OF SODA. 
 Na 0, 2 Ur 2 3 
 
 URANATE OF ZINC. Insoluble in water. Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of basic acetate of 
 lead. (Persoz, J. pr. Ch., 1834, 3.216.) Solu- 
 ble in nitric acid. Insoluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion of nitrate of potash, or of nitrate of ammo- 
 nia. (Ebelmen, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 5. 221.) 
 
 URANIUM. Permanent. Unacted upon by 
 TJr water at the ordinary temperature. Easily 
 soluble in dilute acids. (Peligot, Ann. Ch. et 
 Phys., (3.) 5. pp. 19, 20.) 
 
 URIC ACID. Permanent. Almost insoluble 
 Lithic Acid. Lithic jn cold, sparingly soluble 
 
 ?**ii ' N^O^+^T'A'^ m warm wa{ er. Soluble in 
 -10 H i M 4 u e T 14000 @ 15000 pts. of water 
 
 at 20 (Bensch) ; in 10000 pts. of cold water 
 Proust) ; in 5000 pts. of cold water (Du Menil) ; 
 n 2800 pts. of cold water (Gcebel); in 1720 pts. 
 of cold water (W. Henry) ; in 1800 @ 1900 pts. 
 of boiling water (Bensch) ; in 1300 pts. of boiling 
 water (Du Menil) ; in 1400 pts. of boiling water 
 [W. Henry) ; in 760 pts. of boiling water (Gce- 
 3el) ; in 500 pts. of boiling water (Pearson) ; and 
 in 300 pts. of boiling water. (Scheele.) 
 
 Difficultly soluble in boiling water, but dis- 
 solves somewhat readily in hot aqueous solutions 
 of several salts containing weak acids, like the 
 alkaline. acetates, for example, the acetic acid 
 being set free, to a certain extent, while the uric 
 acid combines with the alkali; on cooling, how- 
 ever, nearly pure uric acid separates out. (Lipo- 
 witz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 38. 350.) It dissolves 
 readily in the alkaline carbonates, borates, phos- 
 phates, lactates, and acetates, since it abstracts 
 some of the alkali from these salts, and is thus 
 rendered more soluble. (Lehmann's Physiol. 
 Chem.) 
 
 Soluble, with combination, in aqueous solutions 
 of the caustic alkalies. Insoluble in a concen- 
 trated solution of carbonate of potash ; but it 
 dissolves sparingly in a solution of 1 pt. of car- 
 bonate of potash in 8 pts. of water, being soon 
 converted into acid urate of potash ; it is more 
 quickly dissolved by a solution of 1 pt. K 0, C On 
 in 24 pts. of water, and in this case a considerable 
 quantity of the acid urate remains in solution. It 
 is rapidly soluble in a solution of 1 pt. K 0, C O, 
 in 100 @ 200 pts. of water. (Weltzar.) At the 
 temperature of boiling, a solution of 1 pt. of mono- 
 or bicarbonate of potash or soda in 90 pts. of 
 water dissolves 2 pts. of uric acid, carbonic acid 
 being meanwhile evolved ; the alkaline nrate thus 
 formed crystallizes out on cooling. After having 
 become dry, however, the alkaline urates are diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water. The best method of 
 obtaining the above-mentioned solution is to dis- 
 solve, in the first place, the alkaline carbonate in 
 boiling water, and then add the uric acid ; for if a 
 mixture of uric acid and the carbonate, especially 
 carbonate of soda, be treated with water, and the 
 whole then heated, only a little of the urate will 
 be dissolved, the greater portion of it remaining 
 
702 
 
 URATES. 
 
 suspended in the liquor, an insoluble acid salt 
 and a soluble basic salt being apparently formed. 
 At lower temperatures very much more of the 
 alkaline carbonate is required in order to dissolve 
 uric acid, no carbonic acid being evolved in this 
 case, a compound being formed directly from the 
 acid and carbonate. (Lipowitz, Ann. Ch. u. 
 Pharm., 38. 349.) A mixture of 1 pt. of uric 
 acid and 1 pt. of carbonate of lithia dissolves 
 easily in 90 pts. of water at a temperature ol 
 about 50, and the solution remains perfectly clear 
 on cooling. At the temperature of boiling, 1 pt. 
 of the lithia in 90 pts. of water dissolves almost 
 4 pts. of uric acid, much carbonic acid being 
 evolved ; and, on cooling, a gelatinous mass sep- 
 arates, which, however, dissolves very easily 
 when the liquor is again heated. Caustic lithia 
 dissolves about 6 pts. of uric acid. (Lipowitz, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 38. 352 ; compare v.. Schil 
 ling, Ann. Ch. u. PAam., 1862, 122. 241.) 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of borax, CS' 
 peciully when this is dilute. (Bcettger.) Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of biborate of soda, though 
 to a less extent than in the alkaline carbonates, 
 a solution of 1 pt. of borax in 90 pts. of water 
 being able to dissolve no more than 1 pt. of uric 
 acid ; this solution occurs, however, as Bcettger 
 has already shown, at a temperature lower than 
 that of boiling. On cooling this solution most of 
 the uric acid separates out as a compound of uric 
 acid and soda. A solution of borax mixed with 
 boracic acid dissolves the same quantity of uric 
 acid as the solution of simple borax, but on cool- 
 ing this solution the uric acid separates out com- 
 pletely in combination with soda. (Lipowitz, he. 
 cit., p. 350.) 
 
 Very readily soluble in a warm aqueous solu- 
 tion of ordinary phosphate of soda (2 Na O, HO, 
 P O 5 ). (Licbig.) Soluble in an aqueous solu- 
 tion, of phosphate of soda. When the diphos- 
 phate of soda is somewhat basic, as is usually the 
 case, it dissolves at the temperature of boiling no 
 inconsiderable quantity of uric acid, a compound 
 of uric acid and soda being deposited as the solu- 
 tion cools, though some uric acid still remains in 
 solution. An acid solution of phosphate of soda 
 dissolves less uric acid, and, moreover, deposits 
 all of it, as a soda salt, on cooling. (Lipowitz, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 38.351.) 
 
 For experiments on the solubility of uric acid 
 in various saline solutions, see Ure, in J. Ch. Me'd., 
 18. 63. 
 
 Insoluble in alcohol, or ether. Almost insol- 
 uble in dilute acids. Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is precipitated on 
 the addition of water. (Weltzar ; Drebereiner. ) 
 Somewhat more readily soluble in concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid than in water. 
 
 Soluble in an aqueous solution of cane-sngar, 
 and may be reprecipitated therefrom by adding 
 chlorhydric acid. (Vasmer.) The observed sol- 
 ubility of uric acid in aqueous solutions of the 
 fermentable sugars is very insignificant, but, on 
 the other hand, its solubility in solutions of the 
 nonfermentable sugars is not inconsiderable ; a 
 tolerably dilute and warm solution of glycerin in 
 particular dissolving a considerable quantity of it, 
 but on cooling this solution the greater part of the 
 uric acid is again deposited. Mannite also dis- 
 solves a portion of it, but not so much as gly- 
 cerin. (Lipowitz, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 38. 355.) 
 Insoluble in creosote. (Reichenbach.) 
 
 The urates of the fixed alkalies and alkaline 
 earths are difficultly soluble in cold, but more 
 easily soluble in hot water ; those of the other 
 
 metallic oxides, and the ammonia-salt are insol- 
 uble. All of the urates are decomposed by acids 
 even by acetic acid. 
 
 URATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 l.)'acid. Soluble in 1608 pts. of water at 15; 
 C to H 3 (N H 4 ) N 4 6 more abundantly soluble in 
 hot water. (Bensch.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in ammonia-water. Soluble in 480 
 pts. of water. (Proust.) 
 
 URATE OF AMMONIA & OF GLYCOCOLL. Sol- 
 
 " N H 4 0, CB H, N 2 3 ; uble in hot water, less 
 
 C 4 H 4 N 3) C 6 Hj Nj 3 " soluble in cold water ; 
 
 and still less soluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Horsford, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 4. 69.) 
 
 URATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 7900 pts. of cold wa- 
 C 10 H 2 Baj N 4 6 + 4 Aq ter, and in 2700 pts. of 
 boiling water. (Allan & 
 Bensch.) 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water, alcohol, or 
 C 10 H 3 Ba N 4 8 + 2 Aq ether. (Bensch.) Spar- 
 ingly soluble in water. 
 (Wetzlar; Kodweis.) 
 
 URATE OF CINCHONIN. Sparingly soluble in 
 C^N.JC,, H 24 0," . HJN 4 8 + 8 Aq j^. 
 
 alcohol, or 
 ether. (Elderhorst.) 
 
 URATE OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) basic. Ppt. 
 C 10 H 2 Cu 2 N 4 8 ^ Cu O + 5 Aq 
 
 URATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. 1 Entirely insoluble in 
 
 C 10 H 2 Pb 2 N 4 O 6 I water or alcohol. (Allan 
 
 II.) acid. f & Bensch.) 
 
 C 10 H 3 PbN 4 8 + 2Aq J 
 
 URATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 1500 pts. of cold, and 
 C 10 H, Ca2N 4 0, in 1440 pts. of boiling water. 
 Soluble in a hot aqueous solution 
 of chloride of calcium. (Allan & Bensch.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 603 pts. of cold, and in 
 C 10 H 3 Ca N 4 O e -J- 3 Aq 276 pts. of boiling water. 
 Much more readily solu- 
 ble in an aqueous solution of chloride of potas- 
 sium. (Bensch.) 
 
 URATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) acid. When not too strongly dried, it is 
 C 10 H 3 Li N 4 6 easily soluble in 60 pts. of water 
 at 50, and does not separate out 
 again as the solution cools. When completely 
 dried at a higher temperature, it becomes propor- 
 tionably less soluble in water, like the other alka- 
 line urates, but still remains, in any event, the 
 most soluble of any of the urates. (Lipowitz, 
 Ann Ch. u. Pharm., 1841, 38. 352.) 
 
 When dried at 100, one pt. of it is 
 soluble in 367.82 pts. of water at 20 (about) 
 " 115.79 39 
 
 38.97 boiling. 
 
 Soluble in alcohol, but may be washed with 
 alcohol, (v. Schilling, Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 1862, 
 122. pp. 244, 242.) 
 
 URATE OF MAGNEB-IA. 
 
 I.) acid. Soluble in 3500 4000 pts. of cold, 
 c io H s Mg N 4 O 8 + 6 Aq and in 150 (a) 170 pts. of 
 boiling water. (Bensch.) 
 
 URATE OF MERCURY(Hg 0). 
 I.) acid. Ppt 
 
 URATE OF MORPHINE. Soluble in boiling, 
 less soluble in cold water. 
 
USNATES. 
 
 703 
 
 URATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 44 pts. of cold, and in 
 C 10 H 2 K 2 N 4 6 go @ 40 pts. of boiling water. 
 
 Soluble in 36 pts. of water at 1 5, with partial 
 decomposition. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Allan & Bensoh.) Soluble 
 in potash-lye, from which solution carbonic acid 
 precipitates the acid salt. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 780 @ 800 pts. of water 
 C 10 H s K N 4 O 6 at 20, and in 70 iS> 80 pts. of boil- 
 ing water. (Bensch.) Insoluble 
 in alcohol or ether. Much less soluble in an 
 aqueous solution of carbonate of potash than in 
 pure water. (Compare Uric Acid.) 
 
 URATE OF QUININE. Soluble in boiling, or 
 even in warm water. Less readily soluble in cold 
 water. 
 
 URATE OF SARCIN. Tolerably easily soluble 
 
 / <CH 2 " \ ' inwa- 
 
 C 20 H S N,0 S =C 10 H 3 ( N 2 )(e 2 N) 2 .H0 2 )N 4 0,, t fl r 
 
 (H2 D e- 
 
 composed by acids. (Strecker.) 
 
 URATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 URATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 77 pts. of cold, and in 
 C 10 Hj Na, N 4 6 + 2Aq 75 pts. of boiling water; 
 in 80 IS) 90 pts. of boiling 
 water. 
 
 Soluble in 62 pts. of water at 15, with partial 
 decomposition. (Allan & Bensch.) Very spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 Carbonic acid precipitates the acid salt from its 
 solution in alkalies. 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 1100 @ 1200 pts. of 
 water at 15, and in 123 (& 125 pts. of boiling 
 water. (Bensch.) Very much less soluble in 
 an aqueous solution of carbonate of soda than in 
 pure water. (Welzlar.) 
 
 URATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in 4300 pts. of cold, and 
 
 C lo H 2 Sr 2 N 4 6 + 4 Aq in 2297 (1790?) pts. of 
 
 boiling water. (Allan & 
 
 Bensch.) 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in 603 pts. of cold, and in 
 276 pts. of boiling water; in 2300 pts. of hot, 
 and in 5300 pts. of cold water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol or ether. 
 
 UREA. Soluble in less than 1 pt. of water at 
 (Carbamid. Harnstnff. Tsomerio 15, with reduc- 
 with Cyanate of Ammonia.) t j on o f tempera- 
 
 c 2 H 4 N a O, = N 2 |jj 2 s ture, and in all 
 
 proportions in wa- 
 ter at 100. (Prout.) A dilute aqueous solution 
 undergoes decomposition in time, when left to 
 itself; also more rapidly when boiled, but a con- 
 centrated solution may be preserved unchanged. 
 
 Soluble in 1 pt. of water at 18.75. (Abl, from 
 (Eslerr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 201, in Can- 
 statt's Jahresberichl fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Soluble in 5 pts. of cold alcohol of 0.816 sp. gr 
 and in less than 1 pt. of boiling alcohol (Prout) ; 
 in 4 i 5 pts. of cold, and in 2 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol. Ether only dissolves traces of it. (Witt- 
 stein's Handw.) Very sparingly soluble in ether. 
 Insoluble in oil of turpentine. 
 Most of the salts of urea are soluble in alcohol. 
 
 UREOCARBONIC ACID. Vid. Allophanic Acid. 
 C 4 H 4 N, 8 
 
 UREOUS ACID. Vid. Xanthic Oxide. 
 URET. 
 
 TT N o 
 
 , 4 H 5 N 3 4 
 
 Easily soluble in water, and still 
 
 N J( C 202")2 more readily in alco- 
 N 3 J Hs hol Solublei with . 
 
 out decomposition, in 
 
 oncentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. ( Wiede- 
 mann.) 
 
 URETHAMYLANE. Vid. Carbamate of Amyl. 
 
 URETHAN. Vid. Carbamate of Ethyl. 
 
 URETHANE5M//Mre. Vid. Hydrate of Sulpho- 
 CarbonylEthylammonium. 
 
 URETHYLAN. Vid. Carbamate of Methyl. 
 
 UROERYTHRIN. Insoluble in alcohol or ether, 
 even when these are acidulated. 
 
 UROGLAuciN(of feller). Permanent. Insol- 
 (Urocyanin(of Martin).) uble in water, cold alcohol, 
 or ether. Difficultly solu- 
 ble in hot alcohol. (Heller.) 
 
 URORHODIK. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 cold alcohol of 0.830 sp. gr., and in 'ether. 
 (Heller.) 
 
 UROXANIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold 
 C, H 10 N 4 O t , water ; more abundantly soluble, 
 with decomposition, in boiling wa- 
 ter. Readily soluble in ammonia-water. 
 
 UROXANATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in wa- 
 ter. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 
 
 UROXANATE OF BARYTA. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. 
 
 UROXANATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 
 UROXANATE OF LIME. Soluble in water, from 
 which it is precipitated on the addition of alco- 
 hol. 
 
 UROXANATE OF POTASH. Very easily soluble 
 C, H 8 K 2 N 4 O n + 6 Aq in hot, and quite readily 
 soluble in cold water. In- 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 UROXANATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 UROXIN. Vid. Alloxantin. 
 
 URSIN. Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and 
 dilute acids. (Parrish's Pharm., pp. 422, 426.) 
 
 URSONE. Insoluble in water, dilute acids, or 
 CjoHijOj alkaline solutions. Difficultly soluble 
 in alcohol, and ether. 
 
 USNIC ACID. Insoluble in water. Very spar- 
 
 (Usnein. Parietin(of Thomson), ingly soluble in 
 
 C 38 H 18 14 = Cgg H 15 13 , H boiling spirit ; but 
 
 soluble in hot con- 
 
 centrated alcohol. Slowly soluble in cold, easily 
 soluble in boiling ether. Soluble in oil of tur- 
 pentine, and the fatty oils. Insoluble in chlorhy- 
 dric acid. Soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 water. Easily soluble in concentrated aqueous 
 solutions of the alkalies. With the exception of 
 the alkaline salts, most of the usnates are insolu- 
 ble in water ; but they dissolve in alcohol ; ether 
 decomposes them. 
 
 USNATB OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 USNATE OF BARYTA. Easily soluble in al- 
 C 38 H ]6 Ba0 14 cohol. 
 
 USNATE of protoxide OF COPPER. Ppt. 
 Cgj H 15 Cu 0, 4 
 
 USNATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 USNATE OF POTASH. Difficultly soluble in 
 
 G M H, 6 KOi 4 water; the aqueous solution being 
 
 decomposed on the addition of much 
 
704 
 
 VALERATES. 
 
 water, -with separation of an insoluble acid salt. 
 Soluble in spirit. 
 
 USNATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 USNATE OF SODA. Soluble in water, and 
 alcohol. 
 
 Uvio ACID. Vid. ParaTartaric Acid. 
 
 V. 
 
 VACCINIC ACID. Not isolated. 
 C M H 20 6 = C 20 H 18 4 ,2HO 
 
 VACCINATE OF BARYTA. Efflorescent. Solu- 
 C M H 18 Baj 8 ble in water. JLerch.) 
 
 VALENE. Vid. Valerol. 
 
 VALERAcEToNiTRiL(of Schlieper). Much 
 C H Nj 6 more soluble than ether in .water. 
 Miscible in all proportions in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Schlieper.) 
 
 VALERAL. Vid. Hydride of Valeryl. 
 
 VALERALDID. Vid. Hydride of Valeryl. 
 
 VALERALDID AMMONIA. Vid. Valerylide of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 VALERALDIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 C H 31 NS 4 alcohol, and ether. (Beissenhirtz, 
 Ann. Ch. u. Pharm., 90. 109.) 
 
 VALERAMID. Very easily soluble in water. 
 
 ( Valerylamid.) 
 
 VALERAMIN. Vid. Amylamin. 
 VALERANILID. Vid. PhenylValeramid. 
 
 VALERIC, or VALERIANIC AciD(Anhydrous). 
 (Valeric Valerate. Valeric Anhydride.) Slowly com- 
 
 c ao H = r 10 H 9 O 2 ( bines with 
 
 10 9 a water when 
 
 exposed to moist air. This transformation is 
 more rapid, though still slow, in warm water ; but 
 very rapid in a boiling aqueous solution of caustic 
 potash. Alcohol also decomposes it ; but it is 
 soluble, without decomposition, in ether. (Chi- 
 ozza, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 39. pp. 197, 198.) 
 
 VALERIC ACID. Soluble in 16 pts. of cold 
 
 ( Valerianic Acid. Baldrianic Acid, water (Grote) ; 
 DelpMnic Acid. Phocenic Acid) 
 
 (Wittstein) ; in 30 pts. of water at 18.2" (Chev- 
 reul) ; in 30 pts. of water at 12 (Trommsdorff), 
 the solution containing 3.22% of it ; in 30 pts. of 
 water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr.Zeitschriftfwr 
 Pharm., 8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fiir 
 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 Miscible in all proportions with alcohol, of 
 0.794 sp. gr., ether (Chevreul), and oil of turpen- 
 tine. (Trautwein.) Partially soluble in oil of 
 turpentine. (Grote.) Insoluble in oil of turpen- 
 tine, or in olive-oil. (Trommsdorff.) Readily 
 soluble in large quantity in acetic acid of 1.07 
 sp. gr. (Trommsdorff.) Soluble in concentrated 
 sulphuric acid, from which it is partially precipi- 
 tated on the addition of water. Sparingly solu- 
 ble in cold nitric acid. (Chevreul.) 
 
 Many of the valerates are soluble in water, and 
 some of them in alcohol also. (Trautwein.) 
 
 VALBRATE OF ALLYL. Insoluble in water. 
 
 c H i O< = c w H ( c H c) 0* Readily soluble in 
 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
 (Hofmann & Cahours, J. Ch. Soc., 1O. 322.) 
 
 VALERATE OF ALUMINA. Boiling water dis- 
 solves only a trace of it. Insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 Very sparingly soluble in valeric acid. (Tromms- 
 dorff. ) 
 
 VALERATE OF AMMONIA. Readily soluble in 
 water, and alcohol. (Trautwein.) Very deli- 
 quescent and soluble in water. (Chevreul.) 
 
 VALERATE OF AMYL. Soluble in alcohol. 
 (dpple Oil.) 
 M H 20 4 = C 10 H 9 (C 10 H n ) 4 
 
 VALERATE OP ATROPIN. Very soluble in 
 
 C 10 H 9 (N C M H 28 6 - H) 4 + Aq water ; but this 
 
 solution, neutral 
 
 at first, becomes acid when evaporated. Its solu- 
 tion is decomposed when heated above 50. De- 
 composed by acids, even the weakest. (Miette, 
 C. R., 1857, 45. 1053.) Extremely soluble in 
 water ; less soluble in alcohol, and still less solu- 
 ble in ether. (Callman, C.R., 1858, 47. 417.) 
 
 VALERATE OF BARYTA. Efflorescent. Solu- 
 C to H 9 Ba 4 + 2 Aq ble in 2 pts. of water at 15, 
 and in 1 pt. of water at 20. 
 (Chevrenl.) Difficultly soluble in absolute alco- 
 hol. (Schlieper.) 
 
 VALERATE OF BENZOL. Soluble in ether. 
 C M H 24 8 = C 20 H 18 (C 14 H 8 ") 0, ( Wicke. ) 
 
 VALERATE OF BENZOYL. Vid. Benzo Valeric 
 Acid. 
 
 VALERATE OF BISMUTH. Neither dissolved 
 3 Bi O s , 2 C 10 H e O s + 4 Aq nor decomposed by cold 
 or boiling water. ( Witt- 
 stein.) 
 
 VALERATE OF BUTYL. 
 
 , H 18 4 = C to H 9 (C. H 9 ) 4 
 
 VALERATE OF CADMIUM. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. (Bonaparte.) 
 
 VALERATE OF CERIUM. Ppt. 
 
 VALERATE OP CiNCHONiDiN(of Pasteur). 
 Soluble in water, and spirit. (Leers, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 82. 161.) 
 
 VALERATE OF CINCHONIN. 
 
 VALERATE OF COBALT. Permanent. Readily 
 soluble in water, and alcohol. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 VALERATE OF COPPER(CH O). Easily solu- 
 Ci H 9 Cu 4 -f- Aq ble in water, and alcohol. 
 (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 VALERATE OP DIDYMIUM. Soluble in water. 
 (Bonaparte.) 
 
 VALERATE OF ETHYL. Insoluble in water. 
 C 14 H 14 O 4 = C 10 H 9 (C 4 H 5 ) O 4 Very easily soluble 
 in alcohol, ether, and 
 the oils. ( Grote & Otto.) 
 
 VALERATE OF GLUCINA. Permanent. Solu- 
 ble in water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 VALERATE OF GLYCERYL. Vid. Valerin. 
 
 VALERATE of protoxide OF IRON. Somewhat 
 soluble in water. 
 
 VALERATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. Insoluble 
 Cjo H 27 Fej 1 " O M in cold, gradually decomposed 
 by hot water. Soluble in alco- 
 hol. Readily soluble in chlorhydric and other 
 acids. (Wittstein. ) 
 
 VALERATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) normal. Readily soluble in water. (Troroms- 
 C 10 H 9 PbO 4 dorff.) 
 
 II. ) basic. Sparingly soluble in water. ( Chev- 
 C 10 H, Pb O 4 , 2 Pb O reiil.) 
 
 VALERATE OF LIME. Effloresces in warm 
 C 10 H 9 Ca O 4 air. Readily soluble in water, and 
 in boiling hydrated alcohol. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in absolute alcohol. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
VALYL. 
 
 705 
 
 VALERATE OF LITHIA. Soluble in water. 
 C 10 H 9 Li 4 + 2 Aq 
 
 VALERATE OF MAGNESIA. Effloresces in 
 warm air. Tolerably soluble in water. Spar- 
 ingly soluble in alcohol. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 VALERATE OF MANGANESE. Readily soluble 
 in water. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 VALERATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 VALERATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. Insol- 
 uble in cold, soluble in boiling water. (Tromms- 
 dorff.) 
 
 VALERATE OF METHYL. 
 C n H 12 0< = C 10 H 9 (C 2 H 3 ) 4 
 
 VALERATE OF MORPHINE. 
 
 VALERATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) Readily soluble in boiling water. 
 
 II.) Sparingly soluble in boiling water. Solu- 
 ble in alcohol. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 VALERATE OF POTASH. Very deliquescent. 
 C 10 H fl K 4 Readily soluble in water, and alcohol. 
 Soluble in less than 3.9 pts. of alco- 
 hol, of 0.792 sp. gr., at 20. (Chevreul.) 
 
 VALERATE OF QUININE. 
 
 I.) amorphous. Scarcely soluble in 1000 pts. of 
 
 2 f V Jr H O'^ r H O 4- 4 An water Ea ' 
 2 ^N 2 | C w H M 4 J, C 10 H w O, + Aq g .j y goluble 
 
 in alcohol, 
 and ether. (Wittstcin.) 
 
 II.) crystalline. Permanent. Soluble in 110 
 2 ( N, j C io H M 4 " ), C 10 H 10 0, -h 24 Aq Pj^' J 
 
 in 40 pts. 
 
 of boiling water. Soluble in 6 pts. of cold or 
 boiling alcohol of 80%. Very easily soluble in 
 ether. When the aqueous solution is evaporated 
 at a temperature superior to 50, the pitch-like, 
 difficultly soluble, amorphous hydrate separates 
 out, instead of crystals. (Wittstein.) 
 
 1 pt. of valerate of quinine is soluble in 96- pts. 
 of water at 18.75. (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift 
 fur Pharm.,8. 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 
 1854, p. 75.) 
 
 VALERATE OF SILVER. Very insoluble in 
 CN, H 8 Ag 4 water. (Lehmann's Physiol. Chem.) 
 Soluble in water. (Ettling.) May 
 be washed with cold water. (Gerhardt.) 
 
 VALERATE OF SODA. Extremely deliquescent. 
 Easily soluble in water, and in alcohol, even when 
 this is absolute. (Chevreul.) 
 
 VALERATE OF STRONTIA. Efflorescent. Very 
 readily soluble in water, and alcohol. (Chevreul.) 
 
 VALERATE of protoxide OF URANIUM. Ppt. 
 
 VALEHATE of sesquioxide OF URANIUM. Read- 
 ily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. (Buona- 
 parte.) 
 
 VALERATE OF ZINC. Permanent. Soluble in 
 C 10 H 8 ZnO 4 50 [5.0 in Gmelin] pts. of cold, and 
 in 40 pts. of boiling water. (Du- 
 clou.) Soluble in 96 pts. of water at 18.75. 
 (Abl, from (Esterr. Zeitschrift fur Pharm., 8. 
 201, in Canstatt's Jahresbericht fur 1854, p. 76.) 
 
 In an earlier memoir, Wittstein states that 1 pt. 
 of the anhydrous salt is soluble in 160 pts. of cold 
 water, but he subsequently corrected this, saying 
 that 90 pts. of water will dissolve 1 pt. of the salt. 
 This observer also obtained a salt containing 12 
 equivalents of water of crystallization, which is 
 soluble in only 44 pts. of water. (Wittstein's 
 Handw. ) 
 
 Soluble in 60 pts. of cold alcohol of 80%. 
 
 89 
 
 
 . 
 
 '" ) 
 > O 6 
 
 These cold solutions become turbid on being 
 heated, clearing up again on cooling, hence its 
 solubility in water, and alcohol, diminishes as the 
 temperature rises. On the other hand, it is solu- 
 ble in 500 pts. of cold, and in 20 pts. of boiling 
 ether. (Wittstein.) Soluble in 17.4 [14.5 in 
 Gm.] pts. of cold, and in 16.7 pts. of boiling 
 alcohol. (Duclou.) 
 
 The aqueous solution is decomposed by pro- 
 longed ebullition to an insoluble basic, and a 
 soluble acid, salt. 
 
 VALERATE OF ZIRCONIA. Partially soluble in 
 water. Soluble in valeric acid. (Trommsdorff.) 
 
 VALERENE. Vid. Amylene ; also Borneene. 
 
 VALERIAMYLIC ACID. Vid. Valerate of Amyl. 
 
 VALERIANIC ACID. Vid. Valeric Acid. 
 
 VALERIANIC ALDEHYDE. Vid. Hydride of 
 Valeryl. 
 
 VALERIC ANHYDRIDE. ) Vid. Valeric Acid 
 VALERIC VALERATE. \ (Anhydrous). 
 .MonoVALERiN. With a volume of water it 
 c e H 5'" ) forms a limpid mixture, 
 f rom w hj c h j t separates 
 completely on the ad- 
 dition of another volume of water. 8 or 10 
 volumes of water precipitate the limpid mixture 
 in a similar manner, but with 100 volumes of 
 water it forms a solution, or rather, an emulsion. 
 (Berthelot.) 
 
 JKVALERIN. Does not form a limpid mixture 
 
 C B H B '" i with a volume of 
 
 C 26 H M 10 =H (a water; but with 8 
 
 (C 10 H 9 u s ) a 1Q vo i umes of water it 
 
 forms an emulsion, from which the divalerin 
 soon separates, however. It is not soluble, even 
 in a large amount of water. (Berthelot.) 
 
 THVALERIN. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 
 C. H/'' ? n alcohol, and ether. 
 
 CM H 32 12 _ ( M f, a 02>3 5 6 (Berthelot> Antlf %. 
 
 et Phys., (3.) 41. 
 
 253.) According to Berthelot, the " delphinin " 
 ("phocenin," " valerin ") of Chevreul is a mix- 
 ture of the three valerins. It dissolves abundantly 
 in hot alcohol. (Chevreul.) 
 
 VALERO</I'CHLORHYDRIN. Insoluble in water. 
 C 16 H u C1 2 4 (Berthelot.) 
 
 VALEROL. Sparingly soluble in water. Read- 
 C H n O. ily soluble in alcohol, ether, and the 
 essential oils. Also soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid ; on adding water to this 
 solution a portion of the valerol is precipitated, 
 but a portion remains combined with the acid. 
 Unacted upon by cold, decomposed by warm 
 nitric acid. (Gerhardt, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 7. 
 278.) 
 
 VALERONE. Insoluble in water. Readily sol- 
 
 (Valme. Valery tide of Butyl. uble in alcohol, and 
 Oxide of Valeroyl If of Butyl.) et her. 
 
 *'HW*4$fa 
 
 VALERONITRIL. Vid. Cyanide of Butyl. 
 
 VALERYLIDE OF AMMONIUM. Vid. Oxide of 
 Ammonium & of Valeroyl. 
 
 VALERYLIDE OF BUTYL. Vid. Valerone. 
 
 VALERYL UREA. Almost insoluble in cold, 
 (CarbonylValerylbiamide.) somewhat soluble iu 
 
 I % ^'n boiling water. Al- 
 C 12 H,j N z 4 = N, | C 10 H 9 0, mQst insoluhle in al _ 
 
 cohol. (Moldephawer, 
 Ann. Ch. u. PJiann., 94. 102.) 
 VALYL. Vid. Butyl 
 
706 
 
 VANADIATES. 
 
 VANADIC ACID. Slightly soluble in water, | 
 TO, requiring about 1000 pts. of boiling water 
 for its solution. (Berzelius.) Less soluble 
 in water than molybdic acid. Insoluble in abso- 
 lute alcohol. Sparingly soluble in alcohol of 
 0.80 sp. gr. Insoluble in glacial acetic acid. 
 Readily soluble in the stronger acids. Very 
 slightly soluble in formic acid. (Berzelius.) 
 When the solution in strong mineral acids is 
 diluted with water, and then boiled, vanadic acid 
 separates out. (H. Rose, Pogg. Ann., 83. 151.) 
 Easily reduced by red nitric acid, sulphurous 
 acid, several organic acids, especially oxalic and 
 tartaric acids, sugar, alcohol, etc., when gently 
 heated therewith. Soluble in chlorhydric acid, 
 with subsequent decomposition and evolution 
 of chlorine. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) Most of the 
 bivanadiates are readily soluble in water, but they 
 dissolve less easily in aqueous solutions of the 
 caustic alkalies, chloride of ammonium, and other 
 salts ; they are all insoluble in alcohol. The 
 other vanadiates are but sparingly soluble in 
 water, and insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 VANADIATE OF ALUMINA. Somewhat soluble 
 A1 2 3 , 3 V 3 in water. But less soluble than the 
 glucina salt. 
 
 VANADIATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 I.) White modification. Soluble in boiling, 
 
 N HI O, V 3 sparingly and very slowly soluble 
 
 in cold water. Insoluble in alcohol, 
 
 and only slightly soluble in a saturated aqueous 
 
 solution of chloride of ammonium. 
 
 II.) 'Yellow modification. Soluble in water, 
 from which it is precipitated on the addition of 
 alcohol. 
 
 III.) bi. Soluble in water, from which it is 
 N H 4 0, 2 V O s precipitated on the addition of al- 
 cohol. 
 
 VANADIATE of teroxide OF ANTIMONY. Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of tartar-emetic. 
 (Prideaux.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF BARYTA. 
 
 I.) mono. Before ignition it is sparingly solu- 
 BaO, V Os-f-3 Aq ble in water. Soluble in con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 II.) bi. Rather difficultly soluble in water ; and 
 Ba 0, 2 V O s still less soluble in alcohol. 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble, or very sparingly solu- 
 ble, in water. 
 
 VANADIATE OF CADMIUM. 
 
 I.) mono. Somewhat soluble. 
 Cd 0, V O s 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. (Berzelins.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF COBALT. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. 
 Co O, V 0, 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. Insoluble in alco- 
 hol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 VANADIATE of protoxide OF COPPER. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 Cu 0, V O 3 cohol. 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Cu 0, 2 V O s 
 
 III.) basic. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 cblorhydric and nitric acids. (Hess.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF GLUCINA. 
 
 I.) normal. ) Both are sparingly soluble in 
 G1 3 3 , 3 V Og S water. 
 
 II.) acid. ) 
 
 VANADIATE of protoxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) Ppt. Soluble in chlorhydric acid. 
 FeO, VO, 
 
 II.) acid. Ppt. 
 
 VANADIATE of sesquioxide OF IRON. 
 
 I.) normal. Slightly soluble in water. (Ber- 
 Fe 2 3 , 3 V 3 zelius.) 
 
 II.) acid. Ppt. 
 
 VANADIATE OF LEAD. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble, with decomposition, 
 Pb 0, V 3 in water. Easily soluble in cold, or 
 slightly warmed, dilute nitric acid. 
 (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) bi. Slightly soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Pb 0, 2 V 0, 
 
 VANADIATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) mono. More soluble in water than the 
 Ca 0, V 0, strontia salt Somewhat soluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. Very readily soluble in 
 Ca 0, 2 V O 3 water. 
 
 III.) basic. 
 
 VANADIATE OF LITHIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Very soluble in water. 
 Li 0, V 0, 
 
 II.) bi. Efflorescent. Soluble in water. In- 
 Li 0, 2 V O s soluble in absolute alcohol, but 
 somewhat soluble in ordinary alco- 
 hol. 
 
 VANADIATE OF MAGNESIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Very soluble in water; being as 
 Mg 0, V 0, readily soluble as the normal salts of 
 the fixed alkalies. 
 
 II.) bi. Less soluble in water than the mono- 
 Mg 0, 2 V O s salt (No I.). Alcohol precipitates 
 it, in great part, from the aqueous 
 solution. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF MANGANESE. 
 
 I.) mono. Sparingly soluble in cold, more 
 Mn 0, V 3 readily soluble in hot water. Insol- 
 uble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) bi. Difficultly soluble in cold water. In- 
 Mn 0, 2 V O g soluble in alcohol. (Berzelius.) 
 
 VANADIATE ofdinoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble. 
 Hg 2 O, V 3 
 
 II.) bi. Ppt. 
 
 VANADIATE of protoxide OF MERCURY. 
 
 I.) mono. Slightly soluble in water. 
 Hg O, V 8 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water, and alcohol. (Ber- 
 HgO, 2 V O, zelius.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF NICKEL. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. Insoluble in al- 
 Ni O, V O s cohol. 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water, and in ammonia- 
 Ni O, 2 V O 3 water. Insoluble in alcohol. ( Ber- 
 zelius.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF POTASH. 
 
 I.) mono. Very solrfble in water, though dis- 
 K O, V O s solving very slowly in cold water. In 
 boiling water it dissolves more rapidly. 
 (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 184 ) Still more difficultly 
 soluble in a cold aqueous solution of caustic pot- 
 ash than in pure water. [Gm.] 
 
 II.) bi. Sparingly soluble in cold, much more 
 K 0, 2 V O 3 soluble in boiling water. When 
 treated with a small quantity of hot 
 water, this dissolves out some K O, V Og, and 
 some K O, 2 V Os, leaving undissolved an acid 
 salt ; this behavior is more strongly marked, if 
 the salt has been fused or dehydrated before 
 treating it with the hot water. Insoluble in al- 
 cohol. 
 
VERATRATES. 
 
 707 
 
 III.) peracid. Insoluble in water. 
 VANADIATE OF SILVER. 
 I.) mono. Ppt. 
 Ag 0, V 3 
 
 II.) bi. Slightly soluble in cold, more readily 
 Ag 0, 2 V O s soluble in hot water. Easily sol- 
 uble in dilute nitric acid ; also sol- 
 uble, with combination, in very dilute ammonia- 
 water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF SODA. 
 
 I.) mono. Soluble in water. 
 Na 0, V Og 
 
 II.) bi. Efflorescent. More soluble than .the 
 Na 0, 2 V 3 potash salt in water. Insoluble in 
 alcohol. 
 
 VANADIATE OF STRONTIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Somewhat more soluble than the 
 Sr 0, V 3 baryta salt in water. 
 
 II.) bi. Permanent. More soluble than the 
 Sr 0, 2 V 3 + 9 Aq baryta salt in water. 
 
 III.) basic. 
 
 VANADIATE OF THORIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water. 
 Th 0, V O g 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. 
 
 VANADIATE of protoxide OF TIN. Soluble in 
 SnO, VO S water. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 VANADIATE of binoxide OF TIN. Soluble in 
 SnO.,, 2V0 3 water. (Ibid.) 
 
 VANADIATE of sfsqnioxide OF URANIUM. 
 
 I.) normal. Insoluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 Ur 2 O s , V O s 
 
 II.) acid. Insoluble in water. 
 
 VANADIATE OF VANADIUM. 
 
 I.) " Green Oxide of V." Completely soluble 
 V Oj, 2 V 3 in pure water. Sparingly soluble in 
 water which contains a salt like 
 chloride of ammonium in solution. Sparingly 
 soluble in alcohol of 0.86 sp. gr., but insoluble in 
 absolute alcohol. 
 
 II.) " Yellowish Green Oxide of V." More 
 V O a , 4 V 0, sparingly soluble than No. I. in 
 water, and is more completely pre- 
 cipitated on the addition of salammoniac. 
 
 III.) " Orange Yellow Oxide of V." Much more 
 easily soluble than vanadic acid. Soluble in 
 22.5 pts. of water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 2. 342.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF YTTRIA. 
 
 I.) mono. Ppt. Somewhat soluble in water. 
 Y 0, V 3 
 
 II.) bi. Soluble in water. 
 
 VANADIATE OF ZINC, 
 
 I.) mono. Insoluble in water, even when this 
 Zn 0, V Os is boiling. (Berzelius.) 
 
 II.) 61. Easily soluble in water. (Berzelius.) 
 
 VANADIATE OF ZIRCONIA. 
 
 I.) normal. Soluble in water. 
 Zrj 3 , 3 V 3 
 
 II.) acid. Soluble in water. (Berzelius, 
 Lehrb.) 
 
 VANADIOUS ACID. Vid. fo'nOxide of Vana- 
 V 0, dium. Of the metallic vanadites only those 
 of the alkalies are soluble in water. 
 
 VANADITE OF AMMONIA. Easily soluble in 
 
 N H 4 0, V 0, pure water. Insoluble, or only very 
 
 sparingly soluble, in ammonia-water. 
 
 VANADITE OF MANGANESE. Decomposed by 
 water which contains air. 
 
 VANADITE of protoxide or MERCURT. Insol- 
 uble in water. 
 
 I VANADITE OF POTASH. Permanent. Very 
 K O, V 2 soluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol, 
 or in a cold aqueous solution of caus- 
 tic potash. 
 
 VANADIUM. Permanent. Unacted upon by 
 Va water, or by sulphuric, chlorhydric, or fluor- 
 hydric acid, or by alkaline solutions. Solu- 
 ble in nitric acid, and aqua-regia. 
 
 VANiLLiN(from the fruit of Vanilla aromatica.) 
 C M H 8 4 Almost insoluble in cold, readily solu- 
 ble in boiling water. (Gobley ; A. 
 Vee.) Readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and in 
 the fatty and volatile oils. (Gobley) Soluble 
 in dilute acids, without decomposition. Also 
 soluble, with yellow color, in concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid. Easily soluble, without decompo- 
 sition, in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 (Gobley.) 
 
 VARiOLARiN(from Variolariadealbata). Insol- 
 (Same as Lecanorie Acid ?) nble in water. Easily 
 soluble in alcohol, and 
 ether. (Robiquet.) 
 
 VASCULOSE. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 concentrated acids, or an aqueous solution of 
 cupramin. Soluble in boiling concentrated pot- 
 ash-lye. (Fremy.) 
 
 VERATRIC ACID. Sparingly soluble in cold, 
 C 18 H 10 0, = C 18 H 9 7) H more soluble in boiling 
 water. Very abundant- 
 ly soluble in boiling alcohol. Insoluble in ether. 
 VERATRATE OF AMMONIA. Soluble in water, 
 and alcohol. 
 
 VERATRATE OF ETHYL. Scarcely at all solu- 
 C, H (Ci H K ) 0, ble in water. Easily soluble in 
 
 alcohol. (Will.) 
 
 VERATRATE OF LEAD. Insoluble in water. 
 VERATRATE OF LIME. Soluble in alcohol. 
 VERATRATE OF POTASH. Permanent. Solu- 
 ble in water, and alcohol. 
 
 VERATRATE OF SILVER. Somewhat soluble 
 Cj, H 9 AgOg in water, and alcohol. (Merck.) 
 Decomposed by boiling water. Sol- 
 uble in ammonia-water. (Schrcetter.) 
 
 VERATRATE OF SODA. Permanent. Soluble 
 in water, and alcohol. 
 
 VERATRINE. Efflorescent. Insoluble in boil- 
 
 , ing water. Read- 
 
 C a H M N, 18 = N, I C M H M 18 " i!y so ] u ble in 
 
 alcohol ; and es- 
 pecially in ether. Easily soluble, with combina- 
 tion, in weak acids, even carbonic acid water. 
 (Langlois.) Soluble in concentrated chlorhydric 
 acid. Insoluble in alkaline solutions. 
 Soluble in 3 pts. of cold alcohol. 
 " 2 " boiling " 
 
 " 50 " ether. 
 
 (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 11.6 pts. of it. 
 (Schlimpert, Kopp fr Will's J. B. fur 1859, p. 
 405.) 100 pts. of chloroform dissolve 58.49 pts. 
 of it. (Michael Pettenkofer, Kopp fr Will's J. 
 B. fur 1858, p. 363.) 100 pts. of olive-oil dis- 
 solve 1.78 pts. of it. (Pettenkofer, Ibid.) 
 
 The salts of veratrin are in general freely solu- 
 ble in glycerin. (Parrish's Pharm., p. 236.) 
 
 VERATRAL. Unacted upon by alkalies. 
 C w H, 0, 
 
 VINAMYLAMIN. Vid. fo'Ethyl Amylamin. 
 Vid. EthylAmylAnilin. 
 
 Vid. Oxide of Amyl & 
 of Ethyl. 
 
 
708 
 
 WAXES. 
 
 VINEMYL ANILIN. Vid. EthylAmyl Anilin. 
 VINIC BUTYEATE. Vid. Butyrate of Ethyl. 
 VINIC ACID. Vid. ParaTartaric Acid. 
 VINIC ETHEB. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl. 
 VINIC OXALATE. Vid. Oxalate of Ethyl. 
 VINIC SULPHATE. Vid. Sulphate of Ethyl. 
 VINIC SULPHITE. Vid. Sulphite of Ethyl. 
 
 ViNoBENZYLic ETHER. Vid. Oxide of 
 Ethyl & of Toluenyl. 
 
 ViNoBuTYLic ETHEB. Vid. Oxide of Butyl 
 & of Ethyl. 
 
 ViNoCACODYL. Vid. Arsen&t'Ethyl. 
 
 ViNoCoMENic ACID. Vid. EthylComenic 
 Acid. 
 
 VlNOMELLITIC ACID. 
 
 Acid. 
 
 Vid. EthyJMellitic 
 
 VINC-METHYLID. Vid. Oxide of Ethyl & of 
 Methyl. 
 
 ViNoMETHYLic OXALATE. Vid. Oxalate of 
 Cjn H, 0, Ethyl & of Methyl. 
 
 VlNOMETHYLIcOxYStJLPHOCABBONATE. Vid. 
 
 CgH 8 o 2 S 4 OxySulphoCarbonate of Ethyl and 
 
 of Methyl. 
 ViNYL(of Kolbe). Vid. Acetoyl. 
 
 (" Acetyl "(/ Berzelius).) 
 C H a 
 
 T&raViNYLiuM. Not isolated. 
 ( Tetraacetylium. Tetraaeetosyllum. 
 Tetrcllallylammonium.) 
 
 ViOLiN(from Viola odorata). More readily 
 soluble in water, but less soluble in spirit than 
 emetin. Insoluble in ether or oils. (Boullay.) 
 
 VIRIDIC ACID. Readily soluble in water, 
 C M H 14 16 = Cjg H 12 O 14 , 2 H and in dilute acetic 
 acid. Soluble in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 VIBIDATE OP BABYTA. Ppt. 
 C J8 H,j Ba., O ia + 2 Aq. 
 
 VIBIDATE of dinoxide OF COPPER. Ppt., in 
 alcohol. Soluble in boiling water. 
 
 VIBIDATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 C J8 H 12 Pb, 16 + 2 Aq 
 
 VisciN(from Atractylis gummifera). Insoluble 
 in water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. Easily 
 soluble in hot ether, and in oil of turpentine. 
 Insoluble in fatty oils. (Macaire.) 
 
 VITELLIN. Resembles albumen very closely, 
 
 (Fromtheyolleofegg.) occurring, like this, both i'n 
 
 a soluble and an insoluble 
 
 modification. The soluble modification is not 
 precipitated from its aqueous solution by organic 
 acids, or by ordinary phosphoric acid, but is 
 thrown down by sulphuric and chlorhydric acids ; 
 its solution begins to become opalescent at 60, 
 and at 73 <8) 76 deposits flakes. It is only dis- 
 tinguished from soluble albumen by the circum- 
 stances, that (without the addition of acetic acid 
 or salts) when heated it forms flakes and clots, 
 that it is not precipitated by the salts of lead or 
 copper, and that it is thrown down by ether. 
 Coagulated vitellin has the same properties as 
 coagulated albumen. (Lehmann.) (Compare 
 Dumas & Cahours, Ann. Ch. et Phus., (3.) 6. 
 422.) 
 
 VITBIOLIZED TABTAB. Vid. Sulphate of 
 Potash. 
 
 VOLPIC ACID. Vid. Chrysophanic Acid. 
 
 W. 
 
 WATER. Miscible with alcohol. Soluble in 
 H 36 pts. of ether. 
 
 Soluble in 30 < 33 volumes of acetate of ethyl. 
 (Becker.) Soluble in 5 volumes of iodhydrin. 
 (Berthelot & De Luca, Ann. ~Ch. et Phys., (3.) 
 43. 280.) Slightly soluble in most of the fatty 
 oils. 
 
 Only minute traces of water are dissolved by 
 anhydrous liquid sulphurous acid at temperatures 
 below 10, at the ordinary pressure. Even at 
 the temperature of +10, and under a pressure 
 of several atmospheres, not more than 0.005 pts. 
 of water are dissolved. (Pierre, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 23.431.) 
 
 WATEBGLASS. See Silicate of Soda; and 
 Silicate of Potash. 
 
 WAXES. Are insoluble in water. Rather diffi- 
 cultly soluble in alcohol, and in alkaline solu- 
 tions. Easily soluble in ether, and oils. They 
 are soluble in benzin (Mansfield, J. Ch. Soc., 1. 
 261), in chloroform (Parrish's Pharm., p. 318), 
 and in oils, both fixed and essential. 
 
 WAX OF ANDiQuiEs(a New Granadian in- 
 sect). Is composed of palm wax and sugar-cane 
 wax. (Lewy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 454.) 
 
 ANGELICA WAX(from Archangelica officinalis). 
 Insoluble in water. More readily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether than beeswax. Sparingly soluble 
 in potash-lye. (Buchner.) 
 
 BEESWAX. Contains Cerotic Acid and Myri- 
 cin, q. v., the relative proportions of these ingre- 
 dients being subject to variations. Beeswax is 
 completely insoluble in water; partially soluble 
 in alcohol ; cold alcohol dissolving but little, 
 while boiling alcohol dissolves the greater part of 
 it, to deposit it again on cooling. The portion 
 difficultly soluble in boiling alcohol requires 200 
 pts. of this, and 99 pts. of cold ether, for its solu- 
 tion. The portion easily soluble in hot alcohol is 
 easily soluble in ether. Soluble in warm acetone, 
 a portion separating out as the solution cools ; 
 water produced a precipitate in the cold solution. 
 (Chenevix, Ann. de Chim., 1809,69. 50.) Solu- 
 ble in hot oil of bay (Brandes), in oil of manda- 
 rin. (Luca.) Soluble in all proportions in the 
 fatty and essential oils. 
 
 BICUYBA WAxffrom Myristicabicuhyba). Sol- 
 uble in boiling alcohol. (Lewy, loc. cit.) 
 
 CABNANBA WAX (from Brazil). Soluble in 
 boiling, less soluble in cold alcohol, and ether. 
 (Braudes; Lewy, loc. cit., p. 449.) Miscible in 
 all proportions with fatty oils. (Brandes.) 
 
 CHINESE WAX. Vid. Cerotate of Ceryl. 
 
 WAX OF CHLOROPHYLL. 
 
 WAX OF COBK. Insoluble in water. Soluble 
 (Cmn.) in alcohol, ether, and easily in alkaline 
 c so HW solutions. 
 
 JAPAW WAx(from Rhus succedanea). Almost 
 
 (Probably identical with Palmitin.') insoluble in cold 
 
 alcohol, easily and 
 
 completely soluble in hot absolute alcohol, and 
 still more easily in warm ether. Tolerably easily 
 saponified by potash -lye. (Meyer & Sthamer.) 
 
 WAX OF MYBiCA(from several species of 
 myrica). 
 
 WAX OF OcuBA(from several species of myris- 
 tica.) Soluble in boiling alcohol. (Lewy, loc. cit.) 
 
XANTHURIN. 
 
 OZOKERIT WAX. Soluble in ether. 
 
 CTT (I 
 40 "40 
 
 WAX OF THE PALM-TREE(from Ceroxylon an- 
 dicola). Insoluble in water. Sparingly soluble in 
 boiling, and still less soluble in cold alcohol. 
 (Lewy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., (3.) 13. 448.) 
 
 WAX OF THE SUGAR-CANE. Vid. Cerosin. 
 
 " WHITE PRECIPITATE." Vid. Chloride of 
 Mercurammonium. 
 WOOD ETHER. Vid. Oxide of Methyl. 
 
 WOOD NAPHTHA. ) Vid. Hydrate of Me- 
 
 WOOD SPIRIT. 
 
 X. 
 
 XANTHAMID. Vid. Hydrate of SulphoCarbo- 
 nylEthylammonium. 
 
 XANTHAMYLAMID. Insoluble in water. Very 
 (SulphoCarbamate of Amy I. soluble in alcohol, and 
 JtmylXantAogenamid.) ether Soluble in cold 
 
 C '2 H M concentrated sulphuric 
 
 acid, in which solution the addition of water pro- 
 duces a precipitate. Unacted upon by boiling 
 chlorhvdric acid. (M. W. Johnson, J. Ch. Soc., 
 5. 145.) 
 
 XANTHAMYLAMIC ACID. Vid. OxySulpho- 
 Carbonate of Amyl. 
 
 XANTHEIN. Soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 (Properly Antko Xanthein.) ether. (Fremy & Cloez.) 
 
 XANTHELENE. Vid. OxySulphoCarbonate of 
 Ethyl(No. II.). 
 
 XANTHIC ACID 
 
 XANTHIC ETHER 
 
 XANTHIC OXIDE. Insoluble in cold, soluble 
 
 ( Urous Acid. Xanthin (improperly).) to a slight ex- 
 C 10 H t N 4 4 tent in boiling 
 
 water. ( Mar- 
 
 cet.) Completely, though difficultly, soluble in 
 boiling water. Soluble in 723 pts. of boiling, and 
 in 1950 pts. of cold water. (Cited by Weltzien.) 
 Insoluble in alcohol or ether. (Marcet.) Solu- 
 ble in concentrated sulphuric acid, from which 
 solution it is not precipitated on the addition of 
 water. Also soluble in nitric acid. Insoluble, or 
 nearly insoluble, in chlorhydric and oxalic acids. 
 (Lieb'ig & Wcehler.) Very sparingly soluble in 
 dilute acids, or in acetic acid. (Marcet.) Soluble 
 in aqueous solutions of the caustic alkalies. More 
 soluble than uric acid in ammonia-water. Soluble 
 in an aqueous solution of carbonate of potash, 
 but not in solutions of the alkaline bicarbonates. 
 (Marcet.) 
 
 XANTHIL. Insoluble in water. Soluble in 
 C 4 H 6 O S ? alcohol, and ether. Unacted upon by 
 alkaline solutions. (Courbe.) 
 
 " XAKTHIN." Vid. Xanthic Oxide. 
 
 XANTHiN(of Kuhlmann). Easily soluble in 
 (Yellow coloring matter of Madder.) water, and alco- 
 hol. Almost in- 
 soluble in ether. Soluble in dilute acids. (Kuhl- 
 mann.) 
 
 XANTHiN(of Fremy & Cloez). Insoluble in 
 
 ( Properly JvthoXanthin. Yellow water. Soluble in 
 
 coloring matter of Flowers.) boiling, insoluble 
 
 in cold alcohol, and 
 
 ether. (Fremy & Cloez.) 
 
 XANTHOBETIC ACID. Hygroscopic. Easily 
 soluble in water, and absolute alcohol. The 
 
 CID. ) Vid. OxySulphoCarbo- 
 THER. ) nate f Ethyl. 
 
 alkaline and alkaline earthy salts of xanthobetic 
 acid are soluble in water. (L. Meier.) 
 
 XANTIIOCOBALT. Its salts are rather more 
 soluble, both in hot and cold water, than those of 
 roseo-, purpureo-, or luteo-cobalt. Solutions of its 
 salts are decomposed by boiling, though some- 
 times with difficulty. When heated with mineral 
 acids they are decomposed ; but when solutions 
 of them are slightly acidulated with acetic acid, 
 they may be evaporated without much decom- 
 position. (Gibbs & Genth, Smithsonian Contrib.. 
 vol. 9.) 
 
 XANTHOGENAMID. Vid. Hydrate of Sulpho- 
 CarbonylKthylammonium. 
 
 XANTIIOGENIC ACID. Vid. OxySulphoCar- 
 bonate of Ethyl. 
 
 XANTHOIL. Scarcely soluble in water. Read- 
 ily soluble in alcohol, even when this is very 
 dilute. (Zeise.) 
 
 XANTHOPENIC ACID. Ppt. 
 
 XANTHOPENATE OF POTASH. Soluble in wa- 
 ter, at least when this is alkaline. (Wcehler.) 
 
 XANTHOPHYLL. Insoluble in water. Diffi- 
 ( Yellow coloring matter of autumn leaves.) cultly solu- 
 ble in alco- 
 hol ; more easily soluble in ether. Also sparingly 
 soluble in an aqueous solution of caustic potash. 
 Decomposed by concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Berzelius, Ann. der Pharm., 1837, 21. 260.) 
 
 XANTHOPiCRiT(from the hark of Xanthoxylnm 
 Clava-Herculis). Permanent. Somewhat diffi- 
 cultly soluble in water. Easily soluble in alcohol. 
 Insoluble in ether. (Chevallier & Pelletan.) 
 
 XANTHOPROTEIC ACID. Insoluble in water, 
 (Xantho Protein.) alcohol, or ether. Soluble in 
 C 34 N 2o N 4 u ( ? ) concentrated acids, and in alka- 
 line solutions. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF AMMONIA. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF BARYTA. Readily sol- 
 uble in water. Insoluble in alcohol or ether. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF COPPER(CU O). Ppt. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE of protoxide OF IRON. Ppt. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF LEAD. Ppt. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF LIME. 
 
 I.) Soluble in water. 
 
 II.) fcosic. Insoluble in water. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF POTASH. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF SILVER. Ppt. 
 
 XANTHOPROTEATE OF SODA. 
 
 XANTHORHAMNIN. Readily soluble in water, 
 C 28 H 12 4 (?) and alcohol. Entirely insoluble in 
 ether. (Kane, Proc. R. Irish Acad., 
 2. 224.) 
 
 XANTHOXYLENE. 
 C W H 8 
 
 XANTHOXYLIN. Insoluble in water, even when 
 C 10 H 6 4 this is boiling. Easily soluble in alco- 
 hol, and ether. (Stenhouse, Ann. Ch. 
 u. Pharm., 104. 238.) 
 
 XANTHURIN. Decomposed by an alcholic 
 C 8 H $ O 4 s = " C 4 H 6 0, C 4 H 8 o s S " solution of 
 
 caustic potash. 
 (Courbe.) 
 
 XANTHURIN GAS. 1 volume of alcohol ab- 
 (Xanthin Gas.) sorbs 12 vols. of it ; 1 vol. of 
 " C 4 H, S 4 4 " ether, 20 vols. ; 1 vol. of oil of 
 turpentine, 10 vols. Slowly ab- 
 sorbed by potash-lye. (Courbe.) 
 
710 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 XYLENE. Insoluble in water. Readily solu- 
 (Xylol. Hydride of Xylyl.) ble in alcohol, and ether. 
 C 16 n, Slowly soluble in con- 
 
 centrated sulphuric acid. 
 (Vcelckel.) 
 
 XYLENYL ALCOHOL. Vid. Phloretol. 
 
 XYLENYLSULPHUROCS ACID. Very deli- 
 (SuJphOrylolic Acid. quescent. Exceedingly sol- 
 XyM Sulphuric Acid.) uWe jn waler> an( J J n " con - 
 t-ie H, fc 2 o 6 centrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 Soluble in xylene. (Church, Phil. May., 9. 455.) 
 
 XYLENYLSDLPHITE OF BARYTA. Soluble in 
 C 10 H Ba S 2 6 water, especially if this is hot. 
 (Church, loc. cit.) 
 
 XYLIDIN. 
 
 (Xylidamin. 
 
 CTT M 
 6 HU 1N 
 
 Xiilylamin.) 
 
 H 
 
 "8 
 
 XYLITE. Vid. Lignone. 
 
 XYLITE OIL. Nearly insoluble in water. 
 
 C 12 H 9 Readily soluble in wood-spirit, ether, 
 
 alcohol, and lignone. (Weidmann & 
 Schweitzer.) 
 
 XYLITE RESIN. 
 
 a = Brown. Insoluble in water or potash- 
 C 3* H 18 3 lye. Readily soluble in alco- 
 
 hol, ether, and lignone. (Weid- 
 mann & Schweitzer.) 
 
 b = Yellow. Nearly insoluble in weak spirit. 
 Soluble in strong alcohol, and in ether. (W. 
 & S.) 
 
 XYLITIC NAPHTHA. Very sparingly soluble 
 C 12 H n 3 in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and lignone. (Weidmann & 
 Schweitzer.) 
 
 XYLYL. Not isolated. 
 CIB HO 
 
 XYLOIDIN. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, 
 
 (Pi/roram. JVftrfHf<fto.) or a mixture 
 
 0,, H 9 N 14 = C " H ' (N *> 9f" ] 4 of alcohol and 
 
 " 2 5 ether. Easily 
 
 soluble in acetic acid, even when this is cold. Sol- 
 uble, with decomposition, in chlorhydric acid. 
 Easily soluble in nitric acid, both concentrated 
 and dilute. Insoluble in a dilute solution of 
 caustic potash. (Be'champ, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 46. 349.) Becomes soft and adhesive when 
 boiled with water and dilute sulphuric acid, with- 
 out dissolving to any appreciable extent. Very 
 sparingly soluble, or insoluble, in alcohol. Dis- 
 solves to a gelatinous solution in a mixture of 
 alcohol and ether. Soluble in warm concentrated 
 chlorhydric acid, and is precipitated therefrom on 
 the addition of water. Also soluble in concen- 
 trated sulphuric acid, but is not reprecipitated on 
 the addition of water. Soluble, with decompo- 
 sition, in cold dilute nitric acid. Soluble to a 
 thick slime in acetic acid ; this solution coagulates 
 on the addition of water. (Wittstein's Handw.) 
 
 XYLOL. Vid. Xylene. 
 
 XYLORETIN. Insoluble in water. Readily 
 c *o H m 4 soluble in strong alcohol, and ether. 
 (Forchammer.) 
 
 XYLO8TEiN(from the berries of Lonicera xylos- 
 teum). Sparingly soluble in cold, abundantly 
 soluble in boiling water. Very easily soluble in 
 alcohol, and in ether. Decomposed by acids. 
 
 XYLYLAMIN. Vid. Xylidin. 
 
 Y. 
 
 YELLOW PRDSSIATE OF POTASH. Vid. Fer- 
 rocyanide of Potassium. 
 
 YTTRIUM. Unacted upon by air or water at 
 Y the ordinary temperature. Soluble in dilute 
 acids, and somewhat more difficultly in potash- 
 lye. Insoluble in ammonia-water. (Woehler.) 
 
 Z. 
 
 ZEIN (gluten of Zea mats). Insoluble in water. 
 Soluble in alcohol. Partially soluble in ether, 
 oil of turpentine, and alkaline solutions. Un- 
 acted upon by concentrated chlorhydric acid. Sol- 
 uble in concentrated sulphuric acid. Decomposed 
 by concentrated nitric acid. (Gorham ; Bizio.) 
 
 ZINC. Unacted upon by cold water free from 
 Zn air. Slowly oxydized by boiling water, the 
 latter being decomposed. (H. Deville ; 
 Cooke.) Easily soluble in dilute chlorhydric, 
 sulphuric, and nitric acids ; and in almost all the 
 acids which are soluble in water, when these are 
 not too dilute. Slowly soluble in warm aqueous 
 solutions of caustic potash, and ammonia, and 
 even in a boiling aqueous solution of chloride of 
 ammonium. 
 
 Soluble in a neutral aqueous solution of proto- 
 chloride of iron, especially if this is heated to 
 boiline, some metallic iron being meanwhile de- 
 posited. (Capitaine, C. /?., 1839, 9. 737.) Sol- 
 uble in an aqueous solution of normal sulphate of 
 nickel, some oxide of nickel being precipitated 
 meanwhile. (Tupputi, Ann. de Chim., 1811,78. 
 149.) A strong hot aqueous solution of chloride 
 of zinc is capable of oxydizing and dissolving an 
 excess of zinc, and the solution may remain per- 
 fect on cooling, but on diluting it with water 
 oxychloride of zinc is immediately precipitated. 
 (Ordway, Am. J. Sci., (2.) 23. 222.) 
 
 Zinc is not attacked by pure nitric acid of 1.512 
 (8) 1.419 sp. gr. at a temperature of 18 or less, 
 the metal covering itself with a yellowish white 
 coat, which prevents further action ; at a higher 
 temperature this coating dissolves, and the metal 
 is at once attacked by the acid. Nitric acid of 
 1.419 @ 1.401 sp. gr., or even somewhat more 
 dilute, does not attack zinc at the temperature of 
 a freezing mixture, though at 0, and above, the 
 action is violent Pure nitric acid, more dilute 
 than this, attacks zfnc, even at the temperature of 
 a mixture of ice and salt. (Millon, Ann. Ck.et 
 Phys., (3.) 6. 99.) Soluble in carbonic acid 
 water. (Berzelius, Lehrb., 3. 689.) When pure 
 zinc is melted at the lowest possible temperature, 
 and the molten mass immediately poured into 
 cold water, the metal obtained is but slowly acted 
 upon by dilute sulphuric acid. If another portion 
 of zinc thus melted is poured on to a warm plate, 
 it is somewhat more soluble in sulphuric acid 
 than the preceding, but still dissolves with diffi- 
 culty. Bull if the same melted zinc be heated 
 nearly to redness, and then poured into cold 
 water, it is readily soluble in dilute sulphuric 
 acid, and if poured on to a warm plate, it is still 
 more soluble in sulphuric acid. (Bolley, Ann. 
 Ch. u. Pharm., 95. 303.) Zinc which contains 
 fa pt. of iron, lead, copper, or tin, is much more 
 soluble in dilute acids than pure zinc. (De la 
 Rive.) The power of acids, &c., to dissolve zinc 
 is greatly influenced by the presence of small 
 
ZINC. 
 
 711 
 
 quantities of various metallic solutions. In the 
 following experiments six nearly equal portions 
 of commercial zinc, in thin sheets, were each 
 treated, during ten minutes, with 0.1 5 litre of a 
 mixture of 1 pt. of monohydrated sulphuric acid, 
 and 12 pts. of water; in flask No. I, which con- 
 tained nothing but the dilute sulphuric acid, the 
 10.119 grtns. of zinc taken lost 0.028 grm.; in 
 No. II., which, beside the acid, received 4 drops 
 of a solution of 1 pt. of bichloride of platinum in 
 10 pts. of water, 10.466 grms. of zinc lost 4.298 
 grms. ; in No. III., which, beside the acid, con- 
 tained 10 drops of a saturated solution of tartar 
 emetic, 10.600 grms. of zinc lost 0.8 grm. ; in 
 No. IV., which, beside the acid, contained 10 
 drops of a saturated solution of sulphate of cop- 
 per, 9.808 grms. of zinc lost 1.234 grms.; in 
 No. V., which, beside the acid, contained 15 drops 
 or a saturated solution of arsenious acid, 10.857 
 grms. of zinc lost 3 706 grms. ; in No. VI., 
 which, beside the acid, contained 15 drops of a 
 saturated solution of sulphate of silver, 10.349 
 grms. of zinc lost 0.071 grm. It was impossible 
 to employ in each experiment exactly the same 
 quantity of zinc, hut the results may be conve- 
 niently compared by reducing the numbers above 
 given, for the original weight of zinc taken, and 
 the loss of zinc, to a common expression, taking 
 as unity the action of the pure dilute acid upon 
 the metal, as in the following table : 
 
 Action of pure dilute S O* 
 
 do. with Pt CU 
 " As O 8 
 
 1 
 
 149 
 123 
 
 Cu O, S 0, 45 
 C 8 H Sb 3 K O u 29 
 Ag O, S 0, 2.4 
 
 On adding the foregoing saline solutions, it is 
 observed, that the action of bichloride of plati- 
 num is immediate, and subsequently tends to 
 decrease ; the influence of arsenious acid, on the 
 other hand, is rather slowly established, but it 
 increases rapidly, and soon equals that of the 
 platinum salt ; the sulphate of copper, tartar 
 emetic, and sulphate of silver, also produce an 
 increasing acceleration. .In the case of sulphate 
 of silver this increase was measured ; in two 
 experiments, which lasted an hour, instead of ten 
 minutes, the following results were 'obtained : 
 in No. I., 10.091 grms. of zinc, treated with the 
 unadulterated dilute sulphuric acid, lost 1.187 
 grms. ; in No. II., treated with sulphuric acid, 
 + 15 drops of a saturated solution of sulphate of 
 silver, 10.278 grins, of zinc lost 5.527 grtns. Thus 
 the acceleration produced by sulphate of silver is 
 expressed by the number 2.4 when the reaction 
 lasts ten minutes, and by 4.6 when it lasts an 
 hour. Solutions of salts of cobalt, nickel, tin, 
 cadmium, chrome, lead, antimony, and bismuth, 
 all accelerate the evolution of hydrogen when 
 added to a mixture of zinc and dilute sulphuric 
 acid, but the amount of their influence was not 
 determined, since the examples above given ap- 
 pear to offer the most striking cases, both of slow 
 and of rapid acceleration. When a few drops of 
 protochloride of mercury (Hg Cl) are added to 
 dilute sulphuric acid, which is acting upon zinc, 
 the latter becomes covered with a coat of amal- 
 gam, as is well known, and is thus protected 
 from the further action of the acid. In an ex- 
 periment, made for the purpose of determining 
 the amount of this preservation of zinc by mer- 
 cury, 20.978 grms. of sheet zinc were left during 
 seventy hours in contact with a quantity of dilute 
 sulphuric acid (1 pt. of H O, S + 10 pts. of 
 
 | water) sufficient to dissolve the whole of it in 
 i about an hour and a half, the loss of zinc during 
 ! these seventy hours having been only 0.343 grnT. 
 1 It appears, therefore, that a small quantity of 
 mercury acts in a manner diametrically opposed 
 to that of a small quantity of platinum or arse- 
 nic. These differences become still more frequent 
 and striking when different metals are treated 
 with equal small portions of a given metallic so- 
 lution ; iron, for example, may be preserved by 
 the addition of a solution which is capable of 
 increasing the solution of zinc a hundred-fold. 
 
 In order to determine the influence which might 
 be exerted upon the action of the metallic solu- 
 tion by varying the proportion of the latter, the 
 following experiments were made : in No. I., in 
 which to the dilute sulphuric acid (1 pt. H O, 
 S O ? + 12 pts. H O) 1 drop of bichloride of 
 platinum was added, 10.379 grms. of zinc lost, in 
 five minutes, 1.848 grm. ; and in No. II., where 
 10 drops of Pt Cla were added to a similar acid, 
 10.257 grms. of zinc lost, in five minutes, 3.871 
 grms., the quantity of bichloride of platinum in 
 becoming ten times greater, having produced an 
 action about twice as energetic as before. 
 
 With regard to the persistence of the influence 
 exerted by these small quantities of metallic so- 
 lutions, an idea may be gained from the following 
 experiments : 1st.) Three quantities of zinc, sen- 
 sibly equal in weight, were immersed separately 
 in dilute sulphuric acid (1 pt. H O, S Os -f- 12 
 pts. of H 0), and then withdrawn, the first piece 
 after five minutes, the second after 10 minutes, 
 and the third after 15 minutes. 2d.) Three por- 
 tions of zinc, sensibly equal in weight to the pre- 
 ceding, were immersed in similar sulphuric acid, 
 to which had been added 4 drops of bichloride of 
 platinum, and subsequently withdrawn after the 
 lapse of the same intervals of time as in the pre- 
 ceding experiment. 
 
 First Series. S Os alone. grms. 
 
 Zinc taken 15.104 grms. ; loss in 5 minutes 0.025 
 
 " 15.041 " " 10 " 0.058 
 
 " 15.215 " " 15 " 0.120 
 
 Second Series. S O s + 4 drops of Pt Cl r 
 Zinc taken 15.352 grms. ; loss in 5 minutes 3.653 
 " 15.326 " " 10 " 6.325 
 
 " 15.237 " " 15 " 7.206 
 
 The action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc is a 
 rapidly increasing action ; but this is no longer 
 the case when the acid contains traces of bichlo- 
 ride of platinum. Thus, when the initial action 
 is no longer considered, we are far from finding 
 very considerable differences after the addition of 
 bichloride of platinum. If, for example, the 
 times necessary for complete solution arc con- 
 sidered, it will be found that the bichloride of 
 platinum only renders the solution five or six 
 times more rapid. The state of concentration of 
 the acid is also an important point to be con- 
 sidered. An acid diluted with 10 instead of 12 
 pts. of water exhibits less characteristic effects, 
 and, with increasing concentration of the acid, 
 these effects are gradually effaced. 
 
 The action of other mineral acids and of or- 
 ganic acids upon zinc is influenced, like that of 
 dilute sulphuric acid, by the presence of small 
 portions of metals ; but the amount of this in- 
 fluence varies with each acid. These differences 
 may be appreciated by the following numbers, 
 determined with chlorhydric acid. The chlorhy- 
 dric acid must be very dilute, in order that the 
 addition of small quantities of metallic salts shall 
 strongly influence its action ; no less than 40 vols. 
 
712 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 of water being necessary for 1 vol. of strong 
 chlorhydric acid. In the following experiments, 
 conducted like those with sulphuric acid, the con- 
 tact of the zinc and acid lasted an hour : in No 
 I. dilute chlorhydric acid, without any addition 
 acting upon 5.64 grins, of zinc, the latter lost 
 0.059 grin. ; in No. II., using dilute chlorhydric 
 acid, -+- 4 drops of bichloride of platinum, 5.691 
 grms. of zinc lost 2.586 grms. ; in No. III., using 
 dilute chlorhydric acid, + 20 drops of a saturated 
 solution of arsenious acid, 5.664 grms. of zinc lost 
 2.258 grms. ; in No. IV., using dilute chlorhydric 
 acid, + 15 drops of tartar emetic, 5.656 grins, of 
 zinc lost 2.054 grms. Reducing these, as before, 
 to a common standard, we have, 
 
 Action of pure dilute acid . . 1 
 
 " + Ft Cli 43 
 
 " " " + As O 38 
 
 " + C 8 H4SbsKO u .35 
 
 Whence it appears that bichloride of platinum 
 is far from producing so strong an acceleration in 
 this case as with sulphuric acid ; and that tartar 
 emetic, which, with sulphuric acid, acts five times 
 less strongly than bichloride of platinum, exerts, 
 in presence of chlorhydric acid, an influence 
 almost equal to that of the latter salt. 
 
 Neither dilute nor concentrated solutions of 
 oxalic acid convert zinc [completely] into oxa- 
 late, even at the temperature of ebullition. But 
 if the least trace of bichloride of platinum be 
 added, the metal is completely converted to oxa- 
 late, even in the cold, although oxalate of zinc is 
 insoluble. The bichloride of platinum is the only 
 one of the substances in question which" acts in 
 this case in a well-defined manner; sulphate of 
 copper, arsenious acid, etc., appearing to exert no 
 influence. 
 
 Glacial acetic acid, dilated with one volume of 
 water, attacks zinc feebly ; but a single drop of 
 bichloride of platinum communicates a most re- 
 markable intensity to the reaction. On compar- 
 ing the amounts of zinc dissolved in the two cases, 
 it was found that 200 times more had passed into 
 solution by virtue of the bichloride of platinum. 
 In the case of this weak acid, protochloride of 
 mercury (Hg Cl) exerts no preserving influence ; 
 arsenious acid develops its accelerating action only 
 after a very long time ; sulphate of copper and 
 tartar emetic accelerate the action, but much less 
 than the platinum salt. Dilute butyric acid be- 
 haves precisely like acetic acid. Citric acid exhibits 
 these accelerations very clearly. When dissolved 
 in 5 or 6 pts. of water its action upon zinc is very 
 feeble, but the addition of bichloride of platinum, 
 sulphate of copper, or arsenious acid occasions a 
 very abundant evolution of hydrogen ; sulphate 
 of silver exerts no appreciable influence ; proto- 
 chloride of mercury (Hg Cl) preserves the metal 
 very well. Tartaric acid dissolved in 7 or 8 pts. 
 of water presents phenomena analogous to those 
 exhibited by citric acid, excepting only sulphate 
 of silver, which considerably accelerates the con- 
 version of zinc into tartrate. Racemic acid be- 
 haves also like the two preceding acids ; as with 
 tartaric acid, sulphate of silver accelerates the 
 formation of racemate of zinc, but arsenious acid 
 only acts very slowly. 
 
 An energetic action upon zinc is also produced 
 by various saline solutions after these have been 
 mixed with small quantities of the metallic solu- 
 tions above mentioned. In this category may be 
 enumerated aqueous solutions of the chlorides of 
 potassium and sodium, the sulphates of soda, 
 potash, and magnesia, and the hydrates of soda, 
 
 1 potash, and ammonia ; it being only necessary to 
 add some drops of bichloride of platinum in order 
 that these solutions shall cause a very sensible 
 evolution of hydrogen from granulated zinc, even 
 in the cold, while at the temperature of boiling 
 hydrogen is produced in abundance. 
 
 Sea-water, river-water, and even distilled water, 
 are decomposed by zinc when in presence of small 
 quantities of some of these metallic solutions. 
 The distilled water furnishing less hydrogen than 
 the waters which contain saline matter. The 
 disengagement of hydrogen commences imme- 
 diately, but continues for a long time ; thus, a 
 flask of the capacity of 8 ounces, containing 
 some granulated zinc, was filled with distilled 
 water, to which had been added six drops of 
 bichloride of platinum ; hydrogen was imme- 
 diately evolved, 300 c.c. being formed in 4he 
 course $f 24 hours, the development continued at 
 about this rate during the second and third day, 
 while at the end of eight days only 200 c.c., or 
 thereabouts, of gas were formed in the course of 
 24 hours; at the end of twenty days, however, the 
 production of hydrogen still continued. It must 
 be remarked, in this connection, that bichloride of 
 platinum and sulphate of copper are the only 
 metallic salts capable of causing zinc to decom- 
 pose, and be dissolved by distilled water ; neither 
 arsenious acid, tartar emetic, nor sulphate of 
 silver producing a single bubble of hydrogen. 
 Bichloride of platinum, moreover, acts much 
 more energetically than sulphate of copper ; and 
 among the saline solutions, the solution of sul- 
 phate of soda affords the most abundant disen- 
 gagement of hydrogen. In a case where a satu- 
 rated solution of chloride of sodium, together 
 with some bichloride of platinum, furnished 127 
 c.c. of hydrogen, a saturated solution of sulphate 
 of soda, furnished, under analogous conditions, 
 224 c.c. 
 
 Upon the reactions above described light exerts 
 a decided influence. This influence may be most 
 readily proved by means of the slow reactions, 
 as those with saline solutions. As a general rule, 
 the disengagement of hydrogen is slower when 
 light is avoided. But in certain cases the diminu- 
 tion of action exhibits very peculiar characteris- 
 tics ; thus, if two flasks of equal size, one of which 
 is protected from the light by envelopes of black 
 paper and tin foil, while the other receives the 
 direct light of the sky, are taken, and equal por- 
 tions of sheet zinc and a saturated solution of 
 chloride of sodium, plus bichloride of platinum, 
 introduced into each, the two flasks being placed 
 side by side in a basin of water, in order to main- 
 tain equilibrium of temperature ; a more rapid 
 evolution of hydrogen will be observed at first in 
 the covered flask, but suddenly the gas ceases to be 
 evolved from this flask, and, after the lapse of 
 several hours, it is useless to remove the envel- 
 opes, for hydrogen is no longer formed. In the 
 other, uncovered flask, however, the disengage- 
 ment of gas, though much slower in the begin- 
 ning, goes on without interruption, and may last 
 during several months. 
 
 When, in the acid or saline solutions above 
 mentioned, or even in the pure water, the zinc 
 comes in contact with the small portion of metallic 
 solution which has been added, it is easy to see 
 that the metal of the latter is precipitated upon 
 the zinc. As by this means there is formed a 
 small quantity of chloride, or other salt, of zinc, 
 corresponding to the bichloride of platinum, or 
 other salt employed, the question arises, whether 
 the salt thus formed participates in the reactions 
 
ZIRCONIUM. 
 
 713 
 
 under discussion. But it is clear that this in- 1 
 fluence, if appreciable, must be very feeble, for j 
 if after the precipitation of the platinum, or other 
 metal, the sheet of zinc upon which it has fallen is 
 thoroughly washed, and then placed in afresh acid 
 or saline solution, in which the salt resulting from 
 the precipitation can no longer form, the disengage- 
 ment of hydrogen will go on just as if the solu- 
 tion had not been changed. (Millon, C. R., 1845, 
 21. pp. 37-45.) In connection with Millon's 
 observations, compare the remarks of Barreswil 
 (C. R., 21. 292), who urges that these reactions 
 may all be explained by referring to galvanic 
 action, induced by the precipitated metal. Ac- 
 cording to B., the action of chlorhydric acid 
 upon zinc may be accelerated as well by placing 
 a platinum wire in contact with the zinc, as by 
 adding a solution of bichloride of platinum. 
 Again, the addition of a metallic salt accelerates 
 the solution of zinc by acids, etc., only in those 
 cases where the metal, as it is precipitated upon 
 the zinc, forms a loose spongy coating ; for if a 
 compact adherent layer of any metal incapable of 
 decomposing water is formed upon the zinc, the 
 latter is, as it were, varnished, and being no 
 longer in contact with the acid, cannot be acted 
 upon thereby. 
 
 Most of the salts of zinc are soluble in water, 
 and all which are insoluble in water dissolve in 
 chlorhydric acid, and in a hot aqueous solution of 
 chloride of ammonium. 
 
 Decomposed by water. 
 
 N 5 H "' 2 
 (Zn 
 
 ZINCAMID. Instantly decomposed by water, 
 
 c H 2 and alcohol. Insoluble in ether. (Frank- 
 
 iZn land.) 
 
 ZiNcAMYL. Decomposed by water. (Frank- 
 (Amylide of Zinc.) land.) 
 , H,, Zn 
 
 ZINCANILIN. Decomposed by water. 
 
 (ZincPhenylamin.) 
 
 NJZA 2 " 5 
 (H 
 
 ZINCATE OP POTASH. Readily soluble in wa- 
 ter, the solution undergoing decomposition when 
 boiled. (Laux.) Decomposed by pure water. 
 Soluble in alkaline liquors. It may sometimes 
 be crystallized by adding alcohol to the weak 
 alkaline solution. (Fremy, Ann. Ch. et Phys., 
 (3.) 12. 382.) 
 
 ZTNCATE OF SODA. Soluble in water. (Du- 
 mas, Tr.) 
 
 Decomposed by water, and di- 
 lute acids. Soluble in anhy- 
 drous ether. (Frankland, J. Ch. 
 Soc., 2. 293.) 
 ZINCIDE OF IRON. Soluble in cold acetic 
 (Berthier. ) 
 
 Decomposed at once by wa- 
 (Jlfethylide of Zinc.) tor. 
 Cj H 3 Zn 
 
 ZINC OXIMID. 
 4 H 4 
 
 (ZincEt/iylium. 
 Ethylide of Zinc.) 
 C 4 H 5 Zn 
 
 acid. 
 
 ZiNcPHENYLiMiD. Vld. ZincAnilin. 
 
 ZIRCONIA. Vid. Oxide of Zirconium. 
 
 ZIRCONIUM. Insoluble in water. Unacted 
 Zr upon by concentrated chlorhydric or sulphuric 
 acid at the ordinary temperature, and only 
 slightly acted upon by them after long-continued 
 boiling. Nor is it any more strongly attacked by 
 nitric acid, or aqua-regia. Easily soluble in fluor- 
 hydric acid, and with violence in a mixture of 
 fluorhydric and nitric acids. Insoluble in aqueous 
 solutions of the caustic alkalies, either cold or 
 boiling. (Berzelius, Lehrb.) 
 
 Znckersceure. Vid. Saccharic Acid. 
 
 90 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 2, column 2, line 29 from bottom, for 
 1.0539 read 1.0534.* 
 
 Page 3, col. 2, line 32 from bottom, for " one " 
 read three. 
 
 Page 5, col. 1, line 15, for " one " read three. 
 
 Page 6, col. 1, line 31 from bottom, for " one " 
 read three. 
 
 Page 6, col. 2, line 6 from bottom, for " one " 
 read three. 
 
 Page 7, col. 1, line 12 (and in several other 
 places in the first sheets of the work), for 
 " Thompson " read Thomson. 
 
 Page 7, col. 1, line 27 from bottom, for 1.0366 
 read 1.0356,* and for 1.1330 read 1.1390.* 
 
 Page 8, col. 1, line 21 from bottom, for 1.1180 
 read 1.1190* 
 
 Page 9, col. 1 , strike out lines 5-8 from 
 bottom. 
 
 Page 10, col. 2, line 30 from bottom, for 1.1755 
 read 1.1745* 
 
 Page 49, col. 1, transpose line 10 to its proper 
 place on p. 48, col. 2 ; also transpose lines 1 1 and 
 12 to the top of the column. 
 
 Page 91, col. 1, transpose lines 21-25 to 
 their proper place, below line 6 ; also transpose 
 lines 32 - 35 to below line 20. 
 
 Page 101, col. 1. At line 30 from bottom 
 insert, 1 vol. of concentrated sulphuric acid, at 
 11 and a pressure of Om. 757, absorbs exactly 
 one volume of C O 3 . (Persoz, C. R., 1841, 12. 
 513.) 
 
 * The items marked with an asterisk have been pointed 
 out to me as apparent errors ; they all occur in the original 
 authorities. F. H. S. 
 
 Page 145, col. 1, lines 32 -35. The statement 
 concerning basic chloride of aluminum is incor- 
 rect. Soluble compounds as basic as Al Cli, 
 4 Alj Os have been obtained by Ordway. 
 
 Page 156, col. 1, line 24 from bottom, for 
 " one " read three. 
 
 Page 161, col. 1, line 42, for " one" read three. 
 
 Page 195, col. 1. Transpose lines 32 and 33 to 
 their proper place, above line 16 from bottom. 
 
 Page 216, col. 1, line 23 from bottom, for 
 " carbonate " read chromate. 
 
 Page 216, col. 2, line 7, for "zinc" read 
 silver. 
 
 Page 237, col. 1, line 28, for " C* H N a " read 
 C H Ns. 
 
 Page 337, col. 2, line 22, for " 0.401 " read 
 1.401. 
 
 Page 375, col. 1, lines 12 and 16 from bot- 
 tom, for "6 " read 2. 
 
 Page 382, col. 1, line 17, for "1.27 "read 
 1.37. 
 
 Page 382, col. 1, line 37, for "arsenic" read 
 arsenious. 
 
 Page 414, col. 1, line 25, insert, Easily soluble 
 in wood-spirit. 
 
 Page 582, col. 1. Instead of lines 1 to 4 from 
 bottom, read 
 
 570 1.778 
 
 580 1-780 
 
 590 1-781 
 
 600 ..... 1.782 
 
 ( Anthon, J. pr. Ch., 1836, 7. 70.) 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 TABLE FOR THE COMPARISONS OF THE CENTIGRADE, REAUMUR, AND FAHREN- 
 HEIT THERMOMETERS. 
 
 n C. = f n R. = f n -f 32 F. 
 
 n R. = | w C. = | n + 32 F - 
 
 : f (n 32) C. = | (n 32) R. 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 C, 
 
 R. 
 
 F, 
 
 -40 
 
 -32 
 
 -40 
 
 -25 
 
 -20 
 
 -13 
 
 -10 
 
 -8 
 
 14 
 
 -39.4444 
 
 -31.5556 
 
 -39 
 
 -24.4444 
 
 -19.5556 
 
 -12 
 
 -9.4444 
 
 -7.5556 
 
 15 
 
 -39 
 
 -31.2 
 
 -38.2 
 
 -24 
 
 -19.2 
 
 -11.2 
 
 -9 
 
 -7.2 
 
 15.8 
 
 -38.8889 
 
 -31.1111 
 
 -38 
 
 -23.8889 
 
 -19.1111 
 
 -11 
 
 -8.8889 
 
 -7.1111 
 
 16 
 
 -38.75 
 
 -31 
 
 -37.75 
 
 -23.75 
 
 -19 
 
 -10.75 
 
 -8.75 
 
 -7 
 
 16.25 
 
 -38.3333 
 
 -30.6667 
 
 -37 
 
 -23.3333 
 
 -18.6667 
 
 -10 
 
 -8.3333 
 
 -6.6667 
 
 17 
 
 -38 
 
 -30.4 
 
 -36.4 
 
 -23 
 
 -18.4 
 
 -9.4 
 
 -8 
 
 -6.4 
 
 17.6 - 
 
 -37.7778 
 
 -30.2222 
 
 -36 
 
 -22.7778 
 
 -18.2222 
 
 -9 
 
 -7.7778 
 
 -6.2222 
 
 18 
 
 -37.5 
 
 -30 
 
 -35.5 
 
 -22.5 
 
 -18 
 
 -8.5 
 
 -7-5 
 
 -6 
 
 18.5 
 
 -37.2222 
 
 -29.7778 
 
 -35 
 
 -22.2222 
 
 -17.7778 
 
 -8 
 
 -7.2222 
 
 -5.7778 
 
 19 
 
 -37 
 
 -29.6 
 
 -34.6 
 
 -22 
 
 -17.6 
 
 -7.6 
 
 -7 
 
 -5.6 
 
 19.4 
 
 -36 6667 
 
 -29.3333 
 
 -34 
 
 -21.6667 
 
 -17.3333 
 
 _7 
 
 -6.6667 
 
 -5.3333 
 
 20 
 
 -36.25 
 
 -29 
 
 -33.25 
 
 -21.25 
 
 -17 
 
 -6.25 
 
 -6.25 
 
 -5 
 
 20.75 
 
 -36.1111 
 
 -28.8889 
 
 -33 
 
 -21.1111 
 
 -16.8889 
 
 -6 
 
 -6.1111 
 
 -4.8889 
 
 21 
 
 -36 
 
 -28.8 
 
 -32.8 
 
 -21 
 
 -16.8 
 
 -5.S 
 
 -6 
 
 -4.8 
 
 21.2 
 
 -35.5556 
 
 -28.4444 
 
 -32 
 
 -20.5556 
 
 -16.4444 
 
 -5 
 
 -5.5556 
 
 -4.4444 
 
 22 
 
 -35 
 
 -28 
 
 -31 
 
 -20 
 
 -16 
 
 -4 
 
 -5 
 
 -4 
 
 23 
 
 -34.4444 
 
 -27.5556 
 
 -30 
 
 -19.4444 
 
 -15.5556 
 
 -3 
 
 -4.4444 
 
 -3.5556 
 
 24 
 
 -34 
 
 -27.2 
 
 -29.2 
 
 -19 
 
 -15.2 
 
 -2.2 
 
 -4 
 
 -3.2 
 
 24.8 
 
 -33.8889 
 
 -27.1111 
 
 -29 
 
 -18.8889 
 
 -15.1111 
 
 -2 
 
 -3.8889 
 
 -3.1111 
 
 25 
 
 -33.75 
 
 -27 
 
 -28.75 
 
 -18.75 
 
 -15 
 
 -1.75 
 
 -3.75 
 
 -3 
 
 25.25 
 
 -33.3333 
 
 -26.6667 
 
 -28 
 
 -18.3333 
 
 -14.6667 
 
 _^ 
 
 -3.3333 
 
 -2.6667 
 
 26 
 
 -33 
 
 -26.4 
 
 -27.4 
 
 -18 
 
 -14.4 
 
 -0.4 
 
 -3 
 
 -2.4 
 
 26.6 
 
 -32.7778 
 
 -26.2222 
 
 -27 
 
 -17.7778 
 
 -14.2222 
 
 
 
 -2.7778 
 
 -2.2222 
 
 27 
 
 -32.5 
 
 -26 
 
 -26.5 
 
 -17.5 
 
 -14 
 
 0.5 
 
 -2.5 
 
 2 
 
 27.5 
 
 -32.2222 
 
 -25.7778 
 
 -26 
 
 -17.2222 
 
 -13.7778 
 
 1 
 
 -2.2222 
 
 -1.7778 
 
 28 
 
 -32 
 
 -25.6 
 
 -25.6 
 
 -17 
 
 -13.6 
 
 1.4 
 
 -2 
 
 -1.6 
 
 28.4 
 
 -31.6667 
 
 -25.3333 
 
 -25 
 
 -16.6667 
 
 -13.3333 
 
 2 
 
 -1.6667 
 
 -1.3333 
 
 29 
 
 -31.25 
 
 -25 
 
 -24.25 
 
 -16.25 
 
 -13 
 
 2.75 
 
 -1.25 
 
 -1 
 
 29.75 
 
 -31.1111 
 
 -24.8889 
 
 -24 
 
 -16.1111 
 
 -12.8889 
 
 3 
 
 -1.1111 
 
 -0.8889 
 
 30 
 
 -31 
 
 -24.8 
 
 -23.8 
 
 -16 
 
 -12.8 
 
 3.2 
 
 -1 
 
 -0.8 
 
 30.2 
 
 -30.5556 
 
 -24.4444 
 
 -23 
 
 -15.5556 
 
 -12.4444 
 
 4 
 
 -0.5556 
 
 -0.4444 
 
 31 
 
 -30 
 
 -24 
 
 -22 
 
 -15 
 
 -12 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 -29.4444 
 
 -23.5556 
 
 -21 
 
 -14.4444 
 
 -11.5556 
 
 6 
 
 0.5556 
 
 0.4444 
 
 33 
 
 -29 
 
 -23.2 
 
 -20.2 
 
 -14 
 
 -11.2 
 
 6.8 
 
 1 
 
 0.8 
 
 33.8 
 
 -28.8889 
 
 -23.1111 
 
 -20 
 
 -13.8889 
 
 -11.1111 
 
 7 
 
 1.1111 
 
 0.8889 
 
 34 
 
 -28.75 
 
 -23 
 
 -19.75 
 
 -13.75 
 
 -11 
 
 7.25 
 
 1.25 
 
 1 
 
 34.25 
 
 -28.3333 
 
 -22.6667 
 
 -19 
 
 -13.3333 
 
 -10.6667 
 
 8 
 
 1.6667 
 
 1.3333 
 
 35 
 
 -28 
 
 -22.4 
 
 -18.4 
 
 -13 
 
 -10.4 
 
 8.6 
 
 2 
 
 1.6 
 
 35.6 
 
 -27.7778 
 
 -22.2222 
 
 -18 
 
 -12.7778 
 
 -10.2222 
 
 9 
 
 2.2222 
 
 1.7778 
 
 36 
 
 -27.5 
 
 -22 
 
 -17.5 
 
 -12.5 
 
 -10 
 
 9.5 
 
 2.5 
 
 2 
 
 36.5 
 
 -27.2222 
 
 -21.7778 
 
 -17 
 
 -12.2222 
 
 -9.7778 
 
 10 
 
 2.7778 
 
 2.2222 
 
 37 
 
 -27 
 
 -21.6 
 
 -16.6 
 
 -12 
 
 -9.6 
 
 10.4 
 
 3 
 
 2.4 
 
 37.4 
 
 -26.6667 
 
 -21.3333 
 
 -16 
 
 -11.6667 
 
 -9.3333 
 
 11 
 
 3.3333 
 
 2.6667 
 
 38 
 
 -26.25 
 
 -21 
 
 -15.25 
 
 -11.25 
 
 -9 
 
 11.75 
 
 3.75 
 
 3 
 
 38.75 
 
 -26.1111 
 
 -20.8889 
 
 -15 
 
 -11.1111 
 
 -8.8889 
 
 12 
 
 3.8889 
 
 3.1111 
 
 39 
 
 -26 
 
 -20.8 
 
 -14.8 
 
 -11 
 
 -8.8 
 
 12.2 
 
 4 
 
 3.2 
 
 39.2 
 
 -25.5556 
 
 -20.4444 
 
 -14 
 
 -10.5556 
 
 -8.4444 
 
 13 
 
 4.4444 
 
 3.5556 
 
 40 
 
c, 
 
 R, 
 
 * F, 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 C, 
 
 R. 
 
 F, 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 41 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 77 
 
 45 
 
 36 
 
 113 
 
 5.5556 
 
 4.4444 
 
 42 
 
 25.5556 
 
 20.4444 
 
 78 
 
 45.5556 
 
 36.4444 
 
 114 
 
 6 
 
 4.8 
 
 42.8 
 
 26 
 
 20.8 
 
 78.8 
 
 46 
 
 36.8 
 
 114.8 
 
 6.1111 
 
 4.8889 
 
 43 
 
 26.1111 
 
 20.8889 
 
 79 
 
 46.1111 
 
 36.8889 
 
 115 
 
 6.25 
 
 5 
 
 43.25 
 
 26.25 
 
 21 
 
 79.25 
 
 46.25 
 
 37 
 
 115.25 
 
 6.6667 
 
 5.3333 
 
 44 
 
 26.6667 
 
 21.3333 
 
 80 
 
 46.6667 
 
 37.3333 
 
 116 
 
 7 
 
 5.6 
 
 44.6 
 
 27 
 
 21.6 
 
 80.6 
 
 47 
 
 37.6 
 
 116.6 
 
 7.2222 
 
 5.7778 
 
 45 
 
 27.2222 
 
 21.7778 
 
 81 
 
 47.2222 
 
 37.7778 
 
 117 
 
 7.5 
 
 6 
 
 45.5 
 
 27.5 
 
 22 
 
 81.5 
 
 47.5 
 
 38 
 
 117.5 
 
 7.7778 
 
 6.2222 
 
 46 
 
 27.7778 
 
 22.2222 
 
 82 
 
 47.7778 
 
 38.2222 
 
 118 
 
 8 
 
 6.4 
 
 46.4 
 
 28 
 
 22.4 
 
 82.4 
 
 48 
 
 38.4 
 
 118.4 
 
 8.3333 
 
 6.6667 
 
 47 
 
 28.3333 
 
 22.6667 
 
 83 
 
 48.3333 
 
 38.6667 
 
 119 
 
 8.75 
 
 7 
 
 47.75 
 
 28.75 
 
 23 
 
 83.75 
 
 48.75 
 
 39 
 
 119.75 
 
 8.8889 
 
 7.1111 
 
 48 
 
 28.8889 
 
 23.1111 
 
 84 
 
 48.8889 
 
 39.1111 
 
 120 
 
 9 
 
 7.2 
 
 48.2 
 
 29 
 
 23.2 
 
 84.2 
 
 49 
 
 39.2 
 
 120.2 
 
 9.4444 
 
 7.5556 
 
 49 
 
 29.4444 
 
 23.5556 
 
 85 
 
 49.4444 
 
 39.5556 
 
 121 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 86 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 122 
 
 10.5556 
 
 8.4444 
 
 51 
 
 30.5556 
 
 24.4444 
 
 87 
 
 50.5556 
 
 40.4444 
 
 123 
 
 11 
 
 8.8 
 
 51.8 
 
 31 
 
 24.8 
 
 87.8 
 
 51 
 
 40.8 
 
 123.8 
 
 11.1111 
 
 8.8889 
 
 52 
 
 31.1111 
 
 24.8889 
 
 88 
 
 51.1111 
 
 40.8889 
 
 124 
 
 11.25 
 
 9 
 
 52.25 
 
 31.25 
 
 25 
 
 88.25 
 
 51.25 
 
 41 
 
 124.25 
 
 11.6667 
 
 9.3333 
 
 53 
 
 31.6667 
 
 25.3333 
 
 89 
 
 51.6667 
 
 41.3333 
 
 125 
 
 12 
 
 9.6 
 
 53.6 
 
 32 
 
 25.6 
 
 89.6 
 
 52 
 
 41.6 
 
 125.6 
 
 12.2222 
 
 9.7778 
 
 54 
 
 32.2222 
 
 25.7778 
 
 90 
 
 52.2222 
 
 41.7778 
 
 126 
 
 12.5 
 
 10 
 
 54.5 
 
 32.5 
 
 26 
 
 90.5 
 
 52.5 
 
 42 
 
 126.5 
 
 12.7778 
 
 10.2222 
 
 55 
 
 32.7778 
 
 26.2222 
 
 91 
 
 52.7778 
 
 42.2222 
 
 127 
 
 13 
 
 10.4 
 
 55.4 
 
 33 
 
 26.4 
 
 91.4 
 
 53 
 
 42.4 
 
 127.4 
 
 13.3333 
 
 10.6667 
 
 56 
 
 33.3333 
 
 26.6667 
 
 92 
 
 53.3333 
 
 42.6667 
 
 128 
 
 13.75 
 
 11 
 
 56.75 
 
 33.75 
 
 27 
 
 92.75 
 
 53.75 
 
 43 
 
 128.75 
 
 13.8889 
 
 11.1111 
 
 57 
 
 33.8889 
 
 27.1111 
 
 93 
 
 53.8889 
 
 .43.1111 
 
 129 
 
 14 
 
 11.2 
 
 57.2 
 
 34 
 
 27.2 
 
 93.2 
 
 54 
 
 43.2 
 
 129.2 
 
 14.4444 
 
 11.5556 
 
 58 
 
 34.4444 
 
 27.5556 
 
 94 
 
 54.4444 
 
 43.5556 
 
 130 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 59 
 
 35 
 
 28 
 
 95 
 
 55 
 
 44 
 
 131 
 
 15.5556 
 
 12.4444 
 
 60 
 
 35.5556 
 
 28.4444 
 
 96 
 
 55.5556 
 
 44.4444 
 
 132 
 
 16 
 
 12.8 
 
 60.8 
 
 36 
 
 28.8 
 
 96.8 
 
 56 
 
 44.8 
 
 132.8 
 
 16.1111 
 
 12.8889 
 
 61 
 
 36.1111 
 
 28.8889 
 
 97 
 
 56.1111 
 
 44.8889 
 
 133 
 
 16.25 
 
 13 
 
 61.25 
 
 36.25 
 
 29 
 
 97.25 
 
 56.25 
 
 45 
 
 133.25 
 
 16.6667 
 
 13.3333 
 
 62 
 
 36.6667 
 
 29.3333 
 
 98 
 
 56.6667 
 
 45.3333 
 
 134 
 
 17 
 
 13.6 
 
 62.6 
 
 37 
 
 29-6 
 
 98.6 
 
 57 
 
 45.6 
 
 134.6 
 
 17.2222 
 
 13.7778 
 
 63 
 
 37.2222 
 
 29.7778 
 
 99 
 
 57.2222 
 
 45.7778 
 
 135 
 
 17.5 
 
 14 
 
 63.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 30 
 
 99.5 
 
 57.5 
 
 46 
 
 135.5 
 
 17.7778 
 
 14.2222 
 
 64 
 
 37.7778 
 
 30.2222 
 
 100 
 
 57.7778 
 
 46.2222 
 
 136 
 
 18 
 
 14.4 
 
 64.4 
 
 38 
 
 30.4 
 
 100.4 
 
 58 
 
 46.4 
 
 136.4 
 
 18.3333 
 
 14.6667 
 
 65 
 
 38.3333 
 
 30.6667 
 
 101 
 
 58.3333 
 
 46.6667 
 
 137 
 
 18.75 
 
 15 
 
 65.75 
 
 38.75 
 
 31 
 
 101.75 
 
 58.75 
 
 47 
 
 137.75 
 
 18.8889 
 
 15.1111 
 
 66 
 
 38.8889 
 
 31.1111 
 
 102 
 
 58.8889 
 
 47.1111 
 
 138 
 
 19 
 
 15.2 
 
 66.2 
 
 39 
 
 31.2 
 
 102.2 
 
 59 
 
 47.2 
 
 138.2 
 
 19.4444 
 
 15.5556 
 
 67 
 
 39.4444 
 
 31.5556 
 
 103 
 
 59.4444 
 
 47.5556 
 
 139 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 68 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 104 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 
 140 
 
 20.5556 
 
 16.4444 
 
 69 
 
 40.5556 
 
 32.4444 
 
 105 
 
 60.5556 
 
 48.4444 
 
 141 
 
 21 
 
 16.8 
 
 69.8 
 
 41 
 
 32.8 
 
 105.8 
 
 61 
 
 48.8 
 
 141.8 
 
 21.1111 
 
 16,8889 
 
 70 
 
 41.1111 
 
 32.8889 
 
 106 
 
 61.1111 
 
 48.8889 
 
 142 
 
 21.25 
 
 17 
 
 70.25 
 
 41.25 
 
 33 
 
 106.25 
 
 61.25 
 
 49 
 
 142.25 
 
 21.6667 
 
 17.3333 
 
 71 
 
 41.6667 
 
 33.3333 
 
 107 
 
 61.6667 
 
 49.3333 
 
 143 
 
 22 
 
 17.6 
 
 71.6 
 
 42 
 
 33.6 
 
 107.6 
 
 62 
 
 49.6 
 
 143.6 
 
 22.2222 
 
 17.7778 
 
 72 
 
 42.2222 
 
 33.7778 
 
 108 
 
 62.2222 
 
 49.7778 
 
 144 
 
 22.5 
 
 18 
 
 72.5 
 
 42.5 
 
 34 
 
 108.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 50 
 
 144.5 
 
 22.7778 
 
 18.2222 
 
 73 
 
 42.7778 
 
 34.2222 
 
 109 
 
 62.7778 
 
 50.2222 
 
 145 
 
 23 
 
 18.4 
 
 73.4 
 
 43 
 
 34.4 
 
 109.4 
 
 63 
 
 50.4 
 
 145.4 
 
 23.3333 
 
 18.6667 
 
 74 
 
 43.3333 
 
 34.6667 
 
 110 
 
 63.3333 
 
 50.6667 
 
 146 
 
 23.75 
 
 19 
 
 74.75 
 
 43.75 
 
 35 
 
 110.75 
 
 63.75 
 
 51 
 
 1 46.75 
 
 23.8889 
 
 19.1111 
 
 75 
 
 43.8889 
 
 35.1111 
 
 111 
 
 63.8889 
 
 51.1111 
 
 147 
 
 24 
 
 19.2 
 
 75.2 
 
 44 
 
 35.2 
 
 111.2 
 
 64 
 
 51.2 
 
 117.2 
 
 24.4444 
 
 19.5556 
 
 76 
 
 44.4444 
 
 35.5556 
 
 112 
 
 64.4444 
 
 51.5556 
 
 148 
 
c. 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 65 
 
 52 
 
 149 
 
 85 
 
 68 
 
 185 
 
 105 
 
 84 
 
 221 
 
 65.5556 
 
 52.4444 
 
 150 
 
 85.5556 
 
 68.4444 
 
 186 
 
 105.5556 
 
 84.4444 
 
 222 - 
 
 66 
 
 52.8 
 
 150.8 
 
 86 
 
 68.8 
 
 186.8 
 
 106 
 
 84.8 
 
 222.8 
 
 66.1111 
 
 52.8889 
 
 151 
 
 86.1111 
 
 68.8889 
 
 187 
 
 106.1111 
 
 84.8889 
 
 223 
 
 66.25 
 
 53 
 
 151.25 
 
 86.25 
 
 69 
 
 187.25 
 
 106.25 
 
 85 
 
 223.25 
 
 66.6667 
 
 53.3333 
 
 152 
 
 86.6667 
 
 69.3333 
 
 188 
 
 106.6667 
 
 85.3333 
 
 224 
 
 67 
 
 53.6 
 
 152.6 
 
 87 
 
 69.6 
 
 188.6 
 
 107 
 
 85.6 
 
 224.6 
 
 67.2222 
 
 53.7778 
 
 153 
 
 87.2222 
 
 69.7778 
 
 189 
 
 107.2222 
 
 85.7778 
 
 225 
 
 67.5 
 
 54 
 
 153.5 
 
 87.5 
 
 70 
 
 189.5 
 
 107.5 
 
 86 
 
 225.5 
 
 67.7778 
 
 54.2222 
 
 154 
 
 87.7778 
 
 70.2222 
 
 190 
 
 107.7778 
 
 86.2222 
 
 226 
 
 68 
 
 54.4 
 
 154.4 
 
 88 
 
 70.4 
 
 190.4 
 
 108 
 
 86.4 
 
 226.4 
 
 68.3333 
 
 54.6667 
 
 155 
 
 88.3333 
 
 70.6667 
 
 191 
 
 108.3333 
 
 86.6667 
 
 227 
 
 68.75 
 
 55 
 
 155.75 
 
 88.75 
 
 71 
 
 191.75 
 
 108.75 
 
 87 
 
 227.75 
 
 68.8889 
 
 55.1111 
 
 156 
 
 88.8889 
 
 71.1111 
 
 192 
 
 108.8889 
 
 87.1111 
 
 228 
 
 69 
 
 55.2 
 
 156.2 
 
 89 
 
 71.2 
 
 192.2 
 
 109 
 
 87.2 
 
 223.2 
 
 69.4444 
 
 55.5556 
 
 157 
 
 89.4444 
 
 71.5556 
 
 193 
 
 109.4444 
 
 87.5556 
 
 229 
 
 70 
 
 56 
 
 158 
 
 90 
 
 72 
 
 194 
 
 110 
 
 88 
 
 230 
 
 70.5556 
 
 56.4444 
 
 159 
 
 90.5556 
 
 72.4444 
 
 195 
 
 110.5556 
 
 88.4444 
 
 231 
 
 71 
 
 56.8 
 
 159.8 
 
 91 
 
 72.8 
 
 195.8 
 
 111 
 
 88.8 
 
 231.8 
 
 71.1111 
 
 56.8889 
 
 160 
 
 91.1111 
 
 72.8889 
 
 196 
 
 111.1111 
 
 88.8889 
 
 232 
 
 71.25 
 
 57 
 
 160.25 
 
 91.25 
 
 73 
 
 196.25 
 
 111.25 
 
 89 
 
 232.25 
 
 71.6667 
 
 57.3333 
 
 161 
 
 91.6667 
 
 73.3333 
 
 197 
 
 111.6667 
 
 89.3333 
 
 233 
 
 72 
 
 57.6 
 
 161.6 
 
 92 
 
 73.6 
 
 197.6 
 
 112 
 
 89.6 
 
 233.6 
 
 72.2222 
 
 57.7778 
 
 162 
 
 92.2222 
 
 73.7778 
 
 198 
 
 112.2222 
 
 89.7778 
 
 234 
 
 72.5 
 
 58 
 
 162.5 
 
 92.5 
 
 74 
 
 198.5 
 
 112.5 
 
 90 
 
 234.5 
 
 72.7778 
 
 58.2222 
 
 163 
 
 92.7778 
 
 74.2222 
 
 199 
 
 112.7778 
 
 90.2222 
 
 235 
 
 73 
 
 58.4 
 
 163.4 
 
 93 
 
 74.4 
 
 199.4 
 
 113 
 
 90.4 
 
 235.4 
 
 73.3333 
 
 58.6667 
 
 164 
 
 93.3333 
 
 74.6667 
 
 200 
 
 113.3333 
 
 90.6667 
 
 236 
 
 73.75 
 
 59 
 
 164.75 
 
 93.75 
 
 75 
 
 200.75 
 
 113.75 
 
 91 
 
 236.75 
 
 73.8889 
 
 59.1111 
 
 165 
 
 93.8889 
 
 75.1111 
 
 201 
 
 113.8889 
 
 91.1111 
 
 237 
 
 74 
 
 59.2 
 
 165.2 
 
 94 
 
 75.2 
 
 201.2 
 
 114 
 
 91.2 
 
 237.2 
 
 74.4444 
 
 59.5556 
 
 166 
 
 94.4444 
 
 75.5556 
 
 202 
 
 114.4444 
 
 91.5556 
 
 238 
 
 75 
 
 60 
 
 167 
 
 95 
 
 76 
 
 203 
 
 115 
 
 92 
 
 239 
 
 75.5556 
 
 60.4444 
 
 168 
 
 95.5556 
 
 76.4444 
 
 204 
 
 115.5556 
 
 92.4444 
 
 240 
 
 76 
 
 60.8 
 
 168.8 
 
 96 
 
 76.8 
 
 204.8 
 
 116 
 
 92.8 
 
 240.8 
 
 76.1111 
 
 60.8889 
 
 169 
 
 96.1111 
 
 76-8889 
 
 205 
 
 116.1111 
 
 92.8889 
 
 241 
 
 76.25 
 
 61 
 
 169.25 
 
 96.25 
 
 77 
 
 205.25 
 
 116.25 
 
 93 
 
 241.25 . 
 
 76.6667 
 
 61.3333 
 
 170 
 
 96.6667 
 
 77.3333 
 
 206 
 
 116.6667 
 
 93.3333 
 
 242 
 
 77 
 
 61.6 
 
 170.6 
 
 97 
 
 77.6 
 
 206.6 
 
 117 
 
 93.6 
 
 242.6 
 
 77.2222 
 
 61.7778 
 
 171 
 
 97.2222 
 
 77.7778 
 
 207 
 
 117.2222 
 
 93.7778 
 
 243 
 
 77.5 
 
 62 
 
 171.5 
 
 97.5 
 
 78 
 
 207.5 
 
 117.5 
 
 94 
 
 243.5 
 
 77.7778 
 
 62.2222 
 
 172 
 
 97.7778 
 
 78.2222 
 
 208 
 
 117.7778 
 
 94.2222 
 
 244 
 
 78 
 
 62.4 
 
 172.4 
 
 98 
 
 78.4 
 
 208.4 
 
 118 
 
 94.4 
 
 244.4 
 
 78.3333 
 
 62.6667 
 
 173 
 
 98.3333 
 
 78.6667 
 
 209 
 
 118.3333 
 
 94.6667 
 
 245 
 
 78.75 
 
 63 
 
 173.75 
 
 98.75 
 
 79 
 
 209.75 
 
 118.75 
 
 95 
 
 245.75 
 
 78.8889 
 
 63.1111 
 
 174 
 
 98.8889 
 
 79.1111 
 
 210 
 
 118.8889 
 
 95.1111 
 
 246 
 
 79 
 
 63.2 
 
 174.2 
 
 99 
 
 79.2 
 
 210.2 
 
 119 
 
 95.2 
 
 246.2 
 
 79.4444 
 
 63.5556 
 
 175 
 
 99.4444 
 
 79.5556 
 
 211 
 
 119.4444 
 
 95.5556 
 
 247 
 
 80 
 
 64 
 
 176 
 
 100 
 
 80 
 
 212 
 
 120 
 
 96 
 
 248 
 
 80.5556 
 
 64.4444 
 
 177 
 
 100.5556 
 
 80.4444 
 
 213 
 
 120.5556 
 
 96.4444 
 
 249 
 
 81 
 
 64.8 
 
 177.8 
 
 101 
 
 80.8 
 
 213.8 
 
 121 
 
 96.8 
 
 249.8 
 
 81.1111 
 
 64.8889 
 
 178 
 
 101.1111 
 
 80.8889 
 
 214 
 
 121.1111 
 
 96.8889 
 
 250 
 
 81.25 
 
 65 
 
 178.25 
 
 101.25 
 
 81 
 
 214.25 
 
 121.25 
 
 97 
 
 250.25 
 
 81.6667 
 
 65.3333 
 
 179 
 
 101.6667 
 
 81.3333 
 
 215 
 
 121.6667 
 
 97.3333 
 
 251 
 
 82 
 
 65.6 
 
 179.6 
 
 102 
 
 81.6 
 
 215.6 
 
 122 
 
 97.6 
 
 251.6 
 
 82.2222 
 
 65.7778 
 
 180 
 
 102.2222 
 
 81.7778 
 
 216 
 
 122.2222 
 
 97.7778 
 
 252 
 
 82.5 
 
 66 
 
 180.5 
 
 102.5 
 
 82 
 
 216.5 
 
 122.5 
 
 98 
 
 252.5 
 
 82.7778 
 
 66.2222 
 
 181 
 
 102.7778 
 
 82.2222 
 
 217 
 
 122.7778 
 
 98-2222 
 
 253 
 
 83 
 
 66.4 
 
 181.4 
 
 103 
 
 82.4 
 
 217.4 
 
 123 
 
 98.4 
 
 253.4 
 
 83.3333 
 
 66.6667 
 
 182 
 
 103.3333 
 
 82.6667 
 
 218 
 
 123.3333 
 
 98.6667 
 
 254 
 
 83.75 
 
 67 
 
 182.75 
 
 103.75 
 
 83 
 
 218.75 
 
 123.75 
 
 99 
 
 254.75 
 
 83.8889 
 
 67.1111 
 
 183 
 
 103.8889 
 
 83.1111 
 
 219 
 
 123.8889 
 
 99.1111 
 
 255 
 
 84 
 
 67.2 
 
 183.2 
 
 104. 
 
 83.2 
 
 219.2 
 
 124 
 
 99.2 
 
 255.2 
 
 84.4444 
 
 67.5556 
 
 184 
 
 104.4444 
 
 83.5556 
 
 220 
 
 124.4444 
 
 99.5556 
 
 256 
 
c, 
 
 R, 
 
 F. 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F. 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 125 
 
 100 
 
 257 
 
 145 
 
 116 
 
 293 
 
 165 
 
 132 
 
 329 
 
 125.5556 
 
 100.4444 
 
 258 
 
 145.5556 
 
 116.4444 
 
 294 
 
 165.5556 
 
 132.4444 
 
 330 
 
 126 
 
 100.8 
 
 258.8 
 
 146 
 
 116.8 
 
 294.8 
 
 166 
 
 132.8 
 
 330.8 
 
 126.1111 
 
 100.8889 
 
 259 
 
 146.1111 
 
 116.8889 
 
 295 
 
 166.1111 
 
 132.8889 
 
 331 
 
 126.25 
 
 101 
 
 259.25 
 
 146.25 
 
 117 
 
 295.25 
 
 166.25 
 
 133 
 
 331.25 
 
 126.6667 
 
 101.3333 
 
 260 
 
 146.6667 
 
 117.3333 
 
 296 
 
 166.6667 
 
 133.3333 
 
 332 
 
 127 
 
 101.6 
 
 260.6 
 
 147 
 
 117.6 
 
 296.6 
 
 167 
 
 133.6 
 
 332.6 
 
 127.2222 
 
 101.7778 
 
 261 
 
 147.2222 
 
 117.7778 
 
 297 
 
 167.2222 
 
 133.7778 
 
 333 
 
 127.5 
 
 102 
 
 261.5 
 
 147.5 
 
 118 
 
 297.5 
 
 167.5 
 
 134 
 
 333.5 
 
 127.7778 
 
 102.2222 
 
 262 
 
 147.7778 
 
 118.2222 
 
 298 
 
 167.7778 
 
 134.2222 
 
 334 
 
 128 
 
 102.4 
 
 262.4 
 
 148 
 
 118.4 
 
 298.4 
 
 168 
 
 134.4 
 
 334.4 
 
 128.3333 
 
 102.6667 
 
 263 
 
 148.3333 
 
 118.6667 
 
 299 
 
 168.3333 
 
 134.6667 
 
 335 
 
 128.75 
 
 103 
 
 263.75 
 
 148.75 
 
 119 
 
 299.75 
 
 168.75 
 
 135 
 
 335.75 
 
 128.8889 
 
 103.1111 
 
 264 
 
 148.8889 
 
 119.1111 
 
 300 
 
 168.8889 
 
 135.1111 
 
 336 
 
 129 
 
 103.2 
 
 264.2 
 
 149 
 
 119.2 
 
 300.2 
 
 169 
 
 135.2 
 
 336.2 
 
 129.4444 
 
 103.5556 
 
 265 
 
 149.4444 
 
 119.5556 
 
 301 
 
 169.4444 
 
 135.5556 
 
 337 
 
 130 
 
 104 
 
 266 
 
 150 
 
 120 
 
 302 
 
 170 
 
 136 
 
 338 
 
 130.5556 
 
 104.4444 
 
 267 
 
 150.5556 
 
 120.4444 
 
 303 
 
 170.5556 
 
 136.4444 
 
 339 
 
 131 
 
 104.8 
 
 267.3 
 
 151 
 
 120.8 
 
 303.8 
 
 171 
 
 136.8 
 
 339.8 
 
 131.1111 
 
 104.8889 
 
 268 
 
 151.1111 
 
 120.8889 
 
 304 
 
 171.1111 
 
 136.8889 
 
 340 
 
 131.25 
 
 105 
 
 268.25 
 
 151.25 
 
 121 
 
 304.25 
 
 171.25 
 
 137 
 
 340.25 
 
 131.6667 
 
 105.3333 
 
 269 
 
 151.6667 
 
 121.3333 
 
 305 
 
 171.6667 
 
 137.3333 
 
 341 
 
 132 
 
 105.6 
 
 269.6 
 
 152 
 
 121.6 
 
 305.6 
 
 172 
 
 137.6 
 
 341.6 
 
 132.2222 
 
 105.7778 
 
 270 
 
 152.2222 
 
 121.7778 
 
 306 
 
 172.2222 
 
 137.7778 
 
 342 
 
 132.5 
 
 106 
 
 270.5 
 
 152.5 
 
 122 
 
 306.5 
 
 172.5 
 
 138 
 
 342.5 
 
 132.7778 
 
 106.2222 
 
 271 
 
 152.7778 
 
 122.2222 
 
 307 
 
 172.7778 
 
 138.2222 
 
 343 
 
 133 
 
 106.4 
 
 271.4 
 
 153 
 
 122.4 
 
 307.4 
 
 173 
 
 138.4 
 
 343.4 
 
 133.3333 
 
 106.6667 
 
 272 
 
 153.3333 
 
 122.6667 
 
 308 
 
 173.3333 
 
 138.6667 
 
 344 
 
 133.75 
 
 107 
 
 272.75 
 
 153.75 
 
 123 
 
 308.75 
 
 173.75 
 
 139 
 
 344.75 
 
 133.8889 
 
 107.1111 
 
 273 
 
 153.8889 
 
 123.1111 
 
 309 
 
 173.8889 
 
 139.1111 
 
 345 
 
 134 
 
 107.2 
 
 273.2 
 
 154 
 
 123.2 
 
 309.2 
 
 174 
 
 139.2 
 
 345.2 
 
 134.4444 
 
 107.5556 
 
 274 
 
 154.4444 
 
 123.5556 
 
 310 
 
 174.4444 
 
 139.5556 
 
 346 
 
 135 
 
 108 
 
 275 
 
 155 
 
 124 
 
 311 
 
 175 
 
 140 
 
 347 
 
 135.5556 
 
 108.4444 
 
 276 
 
 155.5556 
 
 124.4444 
 
 312 
 
 175.5556 
 
 140.4444 
 
 348 
 
 136 
 
 108.8 
 
 276.8 
 
 156 
 
 124.8 
 
 312.8 
 
 176 
 
 140.8 
 
 348.8 
 
 136.1111 
 
 108.8889 
 
 277 
 
 156.1111 
 
 124.8889 
 
 313 
 
 176.1111 
 
 140.8889 
 
 349 
 
 136.25 
 
 109 
 
 277.25 
 
 156.25 
 
 125 
 
 313.25 
 
 176.25 
 
 141 
 
 349.25 
 
 136.6667 
 
 109.3333 
 
 278 
 
 156.6667 
 
 125.3333 
 
 314 
 
 176.6667 
 
 141.3333 
 
 350 
 
 137 
 
 109.6 
 
 278.6 
 
 157 
 
 125.6 
 
 314.6 
 
 177 
 
 141.6 
 
 350.6 
 
 137.2222 
 
 109.7778 
 
 279 
 
 157.2222 
 
 125.7778 
 
 315 
 
 177.2222 
 
 141.7778 
 
 351 
 
 137.5 
 
 110 
 
 279.5 
 
 157.5 
 
 126 
 
 315.5 
 
 177.5 
 
 142 
 
 351.5 
 
 137.7778 
 
 110.2222 
 
 280 
 
 157.7778 
 
 126.2222 
 
 316 
 
 177.7778 
 
 142.2222 
 
 352 
 
 138 
 
 110.4 
 
 280.4 
 
 158 
 
 126.4 
 
 316.4 
 
 178 
 
 142.4 
 
 352.4 
 
 138.3333 
 
 110.6667 
 
 281 
 
 158.3333 
 
 126.6667 
 
 317 
 
 178.3333 
 
 142.6667 
 
 353 
 
 138.75 
 
 111 
 
 281.75 
 
 158.75 
 
 127 
 
 317.57 
 
 178.75 
 
 143 
 
 353.75 
 
 138.8889 
 
 111.1111 
 
 282 
 
 158.8889 
 
 127.1111 
 
 318 
 
 178.8889 
 
 143.1111 
 
 354 
 
 139 
 
 111.2 
 
 282.2 
 
 159 
 
 127.2 
 
 318.2 
 
 179 
 
 143.2 
 
 354.2 
 
 139.4444 
 
 111.5556 
 
 283 
 
 159.4444 
 
 127.5556 
 
 319 
 
 179.4444 
 
 143.5556 
 
 355 
 
 140 
 
 112 
 
 284 
 
 160 
 
 128 
 
 320 
 
 180 
 
 144 
 
 356 
 
 140.5556 
 
 112.4444 
 
 285 
 
 160.5556 
 
 128.4444 
 
 321 
 
 180.5556 
 
 144.4444 
 
 357 
 
 141 
 
 112.8 
 
 285.8 
 
 161 
 
 128.8 
 
 321.8 " 
 
 181 
 
 144.8 
 
 357.8 
 
 141.1111 
 
 112.8889 
 
 286 
 
 161.1111 
 
 128.8889 
 
 322 
 
 181.1111 
 
 144.8889 
 
 358 
 
 141.25 
 
 113 
 
 286.25 
 
 161.25 
 
 129 
 
 322.25 
 
 181.25 
 
 145 
 
 358.25 
 
 141.6667 
 
 113.3333 
 
 287 
 
 161.6667 
 
 129.3333 
 
 323 
 
 181.6667 
 
 145.3333 
 
 359 
 
 142 
 
 113.6 
 
 287.6 
 
 162 
 
 129.6 
 
 323.6 
 
 182 
 
 145.6 
 
 359.6 
 
 142.2222 
 
 113.7778 
 
 288 
 
 162.2222 
 
 129.7778 
 
 324 
 
 182.2222 
 
 145-7778 
 
 360 
 
 142.5 
 
 114 
 
 288.5 
 
 162.5 
 
 130 
 
 324.5 
 
 182.5 
 
 146 
 
 360.5 
 
 142.7778 
 
 114.2222 
 
 289 
 
 162.7778 
 
 130.2222 
 
 325 
 
 182.7778 
 
 146.2222 
 
 361 
 
 143 
 
 114.4 
 
 289.4 
 
 163 
 
 130.4 
 
 325.4 
 
 183 
 
 146.4 
 
 361.4 
 
 143.3333 
 
 114.6667 
 
 290 
 
 163.3333 
 
 130.6667 
 
 326 
 
 183.3333 
 
 146.6667 
 
 362 
 
 143.75 
 
 115 
 
 290.75 
 
 163.75 
 
 131 
 
 326.75 
 
 183.75 
 
 147 
 
 362.75 
 
 143.8889 
 
 115.1111 
 
 291 
 
 163.8889 
 
 131.1111 
 
 327 
 
 183.8889 
 
 147.1111 
 
 363 
 
 144 
 
 115.2 
 
 291.2 
 
 164 
 
 131.2 
 
 327.2 
 
 184 
 
 147.2 
 
 363.2 
 
 144.4444 
 
 115.5556 
 
 292 
 
 164.4444 
 
 131.5556 
 
 328 
 
 184.4444 
 
 147.5556 
 
 364 
 
c. 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 c. 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 C. 
 
 R, 
 
 F. 
 
 185 
 
 148 
 
 365 
 
 205 
 
 164 
 
 401 
 
 225 
 
 180 
 
 437 
 
 185.5556 
 
 148.4444 
 
 366 
 
 205.5556 
 
 164.4444 
 
 402 
 
 225.5556 
 
 180,4444 
 
 438 
 
 186 
 
 148.8 
 
 366.8 
 
 206 
 
 164.8 
 
 402.8 
 
 226 
 
 180.8 
 
 438.8 
 
 186.1111 
 
 148.8889 
 
 367 
 
 206.1111 
 
 164.8889 
 
 403 
 
 226.1111 
 
 180.8889 
 
 439 
 
 186.25 
 
 149 
 
 367.25 
 
 206.25 
 
 165 
 
 403.25 
 
 226.25 
 
 181 
 
 439.25 
 
 186.6667 
 
 149.3333 
 
 368 
 
 206.6667 
 
 165.3333 
 
 404 
 
 226.6667 
 
 181.3333 
 
 440 
 
 187 
 
 149.6 
 
 368.6 
 
 207 
 
 165.6 
 
 404.6 
 
 227 
 
 181.6 
 
 440.6 
 
 187.2222 
 
 149.7778 
 
 369 
 
 207.2222 
 
 165.7778 
 
 405 
 
 227.2222 
 
 181.7778 
 
 441 
 
 187.5 
 
 150 
 
 369.5 
 
 207.5 
 
 166 
 
 405.5 
 
 227.5 
 
 182 
 
 441.5 
 
 187.7778 
 
 150.2222 
 
 370 
 
 207.7778 
 
 166.2222 
 
 406 
 
 227.7778 
 
 182.2222 
 
 442 
 
 188 
 
 150.4 
 
 370.4 
 
 208 
 
 166.4 
 
 406.4 
 
 228 
 
 182.4 
 
 442.4 
 
 188.3333 
 
 150.6667 
 
 371 
 
 208.3333 
 
 166.6667 
 
 407 
 
 228.3333 
 
 182.6667 
 
 443 
 
 188.75 
 
 151 
 
 371.75 
 
 208.75 
 
 167 
 
 407.75 
 
 228.75 
 
 183 
 
 443.75 
 
 188.8889 
 
 151.1111 
 
 372 
 
 208.8889 
 
 167.1111 
 
 408 
 
 228.8889 
 
 183.1111 
 
 444 
 
 189 
 
 151.2 
 
 372.2 
 
 209 
 
 167.2 
 
 408.2 
 
 229 
 
 183.2 
 
 444.2 
 
 189.4444 
 
 151.5556 
 
 373 
 
 209.4444 
 
 167.5556 
 
 409 
 
 229.4444 
 
 183.5556 
 
 445 
 
 190 
 
 152 
 
 374 
 
 210 
 
 168 
 
 410 
 
 230 
 
 184 
 
 446 
 
 190.5556 
 
 152.4444 
 
 375 
 
 210.5556 
 
 168.4444 
 
 411 
 
 230.5556 
 
 184.4444 
 
 447 
 
 191 
 
 152.8 
 
 375.8 
 
 211 
 
 168.8 
 
 411.8 
 
 231 
 
 184.8 
 
 447.8 
 
 191.1111 
 
 152.8889 
 
 376 
 
 211.1111 
 
 168.8889 
 
 412 
 
 231.1111 
 
 184.8889 
 
 448 
 
 191.25 
 
 153 
 
 376.25 
 
 211.25 
 
 169 
 
 412.25 
 
 231.25 
 
 185 
 
 448.25 
 
 191.6667 
 
 153.3333 
 
 377 
 
 211.6667 
 
 169.3333 
 
 413 
 
 231.6667 
 
 185.3333 
 
 449 
 
 192 
 
 153.6 
 
 377.6 
 
 212 
 
 169.6 
 
 413.6 
 
 232 
 
 185.6 
 
 449.6 
 
 192.2222 
 
 153.7778 
 
 378 
 
 212.2222 
 
 169.7778 
 
 414 
 
 232.2222 
 
 185.7778 
 
 450 
 
 192.5 
 
 154 
 
 378.5 
 
 212.5 
 
 170 
 
 414.5 
 
 232.5 
 
 186 
 
 450.5 
 
 192.7778 
 
 154.2222 
 
 379 
 
 212.7778 
 
 170.2222 
 
 415 
 
 232.7778 
 
 186.2222 
 
 451 
 
 193 
 
 154.4 
 
 379.4 
 
 213 
 
 170.4 
 
 415.4 
 
 233 
 
 1S6.4 
 
 451.4 
 
 193.3333 
 
 154.6667 
 
 380 . 
 
 213.3333 
 
 170.6667 
 
 416 
 
 233.3333 
 
 186.6667 
 
 452 
 
 193.75 
 
 155 
 
 380.75 
 
 213.75 
 
 171 
 
 416.75 
 
 233.75 
 
 187 
 
 452.75 
 
 193.8889 
 
 155.1111 
 
 381 
 
 213.8889 
 
 171.1111 
 
 417 
 
 233.8889 
 
 187.1111 
 
 453 
 
 194 
 
 155.2 
 
 381.2 
 
 214 
 
 171.2 
 
 417.2 
 
 234 
 
 187.2 
 
 453.2 
 
 194.4444 
 
 155.5556 
 
 382 
 
 214.4444 
 
 171.5556 
 
 418 
 
 234.4444 
 
 187.5556 
 
 454 
 
 195 
 
 156 
 
 383 
 
 215 
 
 172 
 
 419 
 
 235 
 
 188 
 
 455 
 
 195.5556 
 
 156.4444 
 
 384 
 
 215.5556 
 
 172.4444 
 
 420 
 
 235.5556 
 
 188.4444 
 
 456 
 
 196 
 
 156.8 
 
 384.8 
 
 216 
 
 172.8 
 
 420.8 
 
 236 
 
 188.8 
 
 456.8 
 
 196.1111 
 
 156.8889 
 
 385 
 
 216.1111 
 
 172.8889 
 
 421 
 
 236.1111 
 
 188.8889 
 
 457 
 
 196.25 
 
 157 
 
 385.25 
 
 216.25 
 
 173 
 
 421.25 
 
 236.25 
 
 189 
 
 457.25 
 
 196.6667 
 
 157.3333 
 
 386 
 
 216.6667 
 
 173.3333 
 
 422 
 
 236.6667 
 
 189.3333 
 
 458 
 
 197 
 
 157.6 
 
 386.6 
 
 217 
 
 173.6 
 
 422.6 
 
 237 
 
 189.6 
 
 458.6 
 
 197.2222 
 
 157.7778 
 
 387 
 
 217.2222 
 
 173.7778 
 
 423 
 
 237.2222 
 
 189.7778 
 
 459 
 
 197.5 
 
 158 
 
 387.5 
 
 217.5 
 
 174 
 
 423.5 
 
 237.5 
 
 190 
 
 459.5 
 
 197.7778 
 
 158.2222 
 
 388 
 
 217.7778 
 
 174.2222 
 
 424 
 
 237.7778 
 
 190.2222 
 
 460 
 
 198 
 
 158.4 
 
 388.4 
 
 218 
 
 174.4 
 
 424.4 
 
 238 
 
 190.4 
 
 460.4 
 
 198.3333 
 
 158.6667 
 
 389 
 
 218.3333 
 
 174.6667 
 
 425 
 
 238.3333 
 
 190.6667 
 
 461 
 
 193.75 
 
 159 
 
 389.75 
 
 218.75 
 
 175 
 
 425.75 
 
 238.75 
 
 191 
 
 461.75 
 
 198.8889 
 
 159.1111 
 
 390 
 
 218.8889 
 
 175.1111 
 
 426 
 
 238.8889 
 
 191.1111 
 
 462 
 
 199 
 
 159.2 
 
 390.2 
 
 219 
 
 175.2 
 
 426.2 
 
 239 
 
 191.2 
 
 462.2 
 
 199.4444 
 
 159.5556 
 
 391 
 
 219.4444 
 
 175.5556 
 
 427 
 
 239.4444 
 
 191.5556 
 
 463 
 
 200 
 
 160 
 
 392 
 
 220 
 
 176 
 
 428 
 
 240 
 
 192 
 
 464 
 
 200.5556 
 
 160.4444 
 
 393 
 
 220.5556 
 
 176.4444 
 
 429 
 
 240.5556 
 
 192.4444 
 
 465 
 
 201 
 
 160.8 
 
 393.8 
 
 221 
 
 176.8 
 
 429.8 
 
 241 
 
 192.8 
 
 465.8 
 
 201.1111 
 
 160.8889 
 
 394 
 
 221.1111 
 
 176.8889 
 
 430 
 
 241.1111 
 
 192.8889 
 
 466 
 
 201.25 
 
 161 
 
 394.25 
 
 221.25 
 
 177 
 
 430.25 
 
 241.25 
 
 193 
 
 466.25 
 
 201.6667 
 
 161.3333 
 
 395 
 
 221.6667 
 
 177.3333 
 
 431 
 
 241.6667 
 
 193.3333 
 
 467 
 
 202 
 
 161.6 
 
 395.6 
 
 222 
 
 177.6 
 
 431.6 
 
 242 
 
 193.6 
 
 467.6 
 
 202.2222 
 
 161.7778 
 
 396 
 
 222.2222 
 
 1 77.7778 
 
 432 
 
 242.2222 
 
 193.7778 
 
 468 
 
 202.5 
 
 1G2 
 
 396.5 
 
 222.5 
 
 178 
 
 432.5 
 
 242.5 
 
 194 
 
 468.5 
 
 202.7778 
 
 162.2222 
 
 397 
 
 222.7778 
 
 178.2222 
 
 433 
 
 242.7778 
 
 194.2222 
 
 469 
 
 203 
 
 162.4 
 
 397.4 
 
 223 
 
 178.4 
 
 433.4 
 
 243 
 
 194.4 
 
 469.4 
 
 203.3333 
 
 162.6667 
 
 398 
 
 223.3333 
 
 178.6667 
 
 434 
 
 243.3333 
 
 194.6667 
 
 470 
 
 203.75 
 
 163 
 
 398.75 
 
 223.75 
 
 179 
 
 434.75 
 
 243.75 
 
 195 
 
 470.75 
 
 203.8889 
 
 163.1111 
 
 399 
 
 223.8889 
 
 179.1111 
 
 435 
 
 243.8889 
 
 195.1111 
 
 471 
 
 204 
 
 163.2 
 
 399.2 
 
 224 
 
 179.2 
 
 435.2 
 
 244 
 
 195.2 
 
 471.2 
 
 204.4444 
 
 163.5556 
 
 400 
 
 224.4444 
 
 179.5556 
 
 436 
 
 244.4444 
 
 195.5556 
 
 472 
 
c, 
 
 R. 
 
 F, 
 
 C. 
 
 R, 
 
 P, 
 
 C. 
 
 R. 
 
 F, 
 
 245 
 
 196 ; 
 
 473 
 
 265 
 
 212 
 
 509 
 
 285 
 
 228 
 
 545 
 
 245.5556 
 
 196.4444 
 
 474 
 
 265.5556 
 
 212.4444 
 
 510 
 
 285.5556 
 
 228.4444 
 
 546 
 
 246 
 
 196.8 
 
 474.8 
 
 266 
 
 212.8 
 
 510.8 
 
 286 
 
 228.8 
 
 546.8 
 
 246.1111 
 
 196.8889 
 
 475 
 
 266.1111 
 
 212.8889 
 
 511 
 
 286.1111 
 
 228.8889 
 
 547 
 
 246.25 
 
 197 
 
 475.25 
 
 266.25 
 
 213 
 
 511.25 
 
 286.25 
 
 229 
 
 547.25 
 
 246.6667 
 
 197.3333 
 
 476 
 
 266.6667 
 
 213.3333 
 
 512 
 
 286.6667 
 
 229.3333 
 
 548 
 
 247 
 
 197.6 
 
 476.6 
 
 267 
 
 213.6 
 
 512.6 
 
 287 . 
 
 229.6 
 
 548.6 
 
 247.2222 
 
 197.7778 
 
 477 
 
 267.2222 
 
 213.7778 
 
 513 
 
 287.2222 
 
 229.7778 
 
 549 
 
 247.5 
 
 198 
 
 477.5 
 
 267.5 
 
 214 
 
 513.5 
 
 287.5 
 
 230 
 
 549.5 
 
 247.7778 
 
 198.2222 
 
 478 
 
 267.7778 
 
 214.2222 
 
 514 
 
 287.7778 
 
 230.2222 
 
 550 
 
 248 
 
 198.4 
 
 478.4 
 
 268 
 
 214.4 
 
 514.4 
 
 288 
 
 230.4 
 
 550.4 
 
 248.3333 
 
 198.6667 
 
 479 
 
 268.3333 
 
 214.6667 
 
 515 
 
 288.3333 
 
 230.6667 
 
 551 
 
 248.75 
 
 199 
 
 479.75 
 
 268.75 
 
 215 
 
 515.75 
 
 288.75 
 
 231 
 
 551.75 
 
 248.8889 
 
 199.1111 
 
 480 
 
 268.8889 
 
 215.1111 
 
 516 
 
 288.8889 
 
 231.1111 
 
 552 
 
 249 
 
 199.2 
 
 480.2 
 
 269 
 
 215.2 
 
 516.2 
 
 289 
 
 231.2 
 
 552.2 
 
 249.4444 
 
 199.5556 
 
 481 
 
 269.4444 
 
 215.5556 
 
 517 
 
 289.4444 
 
 231.5556 
 
 553 
 
 250 
 
 200 
 
 482 
 
 270 
 
 216 
 
 518 
 
 290 
 
 232 
 
 554 
 
 250.5556 
 
 200.4444 
 
 483 
 
 270.5556 
 
 216.4444 
 
 519 
 
 290.5556 
 
 232.4444 
 
 555 
 
 251 
 
 200.8 
 
 483.8 
 
 271 
 
 216.8 
 
 519.8 
 
 291 
 
 232.8 
 
 555.8 
 
 251.1111 
 
 200.8889 
 
 484 
 
 271.1111 
 
 216.8889 
 
 520 
 
 291.1111 
 
 232.8889 
 
 556 
 
 251.25 
 
 201 
 
 484.25 
 
 271.25 
 
 217 
 
 520.25 
 
 291.25 
 
 233 
 
 556.25 
 
 251.6667 
 
 201.3333 
 
 485 
 
 271.6667 
 
 217.3333 
 
 521 
 
 291.6667 
 
 233.3333 
 
 557 
 
 252 
 
 201.6 
 
 485.6 
 
 272 
 
 217.6 
 
 521.6 
 
 292 
 
 233.6 
 
 557.6 
 
 252.2222 
 
 201.7778 
 
 486 
 
 272.2222 
 
 217.7778 
 
 522 
 
 292.2222 
 
 233.7778 
 
 558 
 
 252.5 
 
 202 
 
 486.5 
 
 272.5 
 
 218 
 
 522.5 
 
 292.5 
 
 234 
 
 558.5 
 
 252.7778 
 
 202.2222 
 
 487 
 
 272.7778 
 
 218.2222 
 
 523 
 
 292.7778 
 
 234.2222 
 
 559 
 
 253 
 
 202.4 
 
 487.4 
 
 273 
 
 218.4444 
 
 523.4 
 
 293 
 
 234.4 
 
 559.4 
 
 253.3333 
 
 202.6667 
 
 488 
 
 273.3333 
 
 218.6667 
 
 524 
 
 293.3333 
 
 234.6667 
 
 560 
 
 253.75 
 
 203 
 
 488.75 
 
 273.75 
 
 219 
 
 524.75 
 
 293.75 
 
 235 
 
 560.75 
 
 253.8889 
 
 203.1111 
 
 489 
 
 273.8889 
 
 219.1111 
 
 525 
 
 293.8889 
 
 235.1111 
 
 561 
 
 254 
 
 203.2 
 
 489.2 
 
 274 
 
 219.2 
 
 525.2 
 
 294 
 
 235.2 
 
 561.2 
 
 254.4444 
 
 203.5556 
 
 490 
 
 274.4444 
 
 219.5556 
 
 526 
 
 294.4444 
 
 235.5556 
 
 562 
 
 255 
 
 204 
 
 491 
 
 275 
 
 220 
 
 527 
 
 295 
 
 236 
 
 563 
 
 255.5556 
 
 204.4444 
 
 492 
 
 275.5556 
 
 220.4444 
 
 528 
 
 295.5556 
 
 236.4444 
 
 564 
 
 256 
 
 204.8 
 
 492.8 
 
 276 
 
 220.8 
 
 528.8 
 
 296 
 
 236.8 
 
 564.8 
 
 256.1111 
 
 204.8889 
 
 493 
 
 276.1111 
 
 220.8889 
 
 529 
 
 296.1111 
 
 236.8889 
 
 565 
 
 256.25 
 
 205 
 
 . 493.25 
 
 276.25 
 
 221 
 
 529.25 
 
 296.25 
 
 237 
 
 565.25 
 
 256.6667 
 
 205.3333 
 
 494 
 
 276.6667 
 
 221.3333 
 
 530 
 
 296.6667 
 
 237.3333 
 
 566 
 
 257 
 
 205.6 
 
 494.6 
 
 277 
 
 221.6 
 
 530.6 
 
 297 
 
 237.6 
 
 566.6 
 
 257.2222 
 
 205.7778 
 
 495 
 
 277.2222 
 
 221.7778 
 
 531 
 
 297.2222 
 
 237.7778 
 
 567 
 
 257.5 
 
 206 
 
 495.5 
 
 277.5 
 
 222 
 
 531.5 
 
 297.5 
 
 238 
 
 567.5 
 
 257.7778 
 
 206.2222 
 
 496 
 
 277.7778 
 
 222.2222 
 
 532 
 
 297.7778 
 
 238.2222 
 
 568 
 
 258 
 
 206.4 
 
 496.4 
 
 278 
 
 222.4 
 
 532.4 
 
 298 
 
 238.4 
 
 568.4 
 
 258.3333 
 
 206.6667 
 
 497 
 
 278.3333 
 
 222.6667 
 
 533 
 
 298.3333 
 
 238.6667 
 
 569 
 
 258.75 
 
 207 
 
 497.75 
 
 278.75 
 
 223 
 
 533.75 
 
 298.75 
 
 239 
 
 569.75 
 
 258.8889 
 
 207.1111 
 
 498 
 
 278.8889 
 
 223.1111 
 
 534 
 
 298.8889 
 
 239.1111 
 
 570 
 
 259 
 
 207.2 
 
 498.2 
 
 279 
 
 223.2 
 
 534.2 
 
 299 
 
 239.2 
 
 570.2 
 
 259.4444 
 
 207.5556 
 
 499 
 
 279.4444 
 
 223.5556 
 
 535 
 
 299.4444 
 
 239.5556 
 
 571 
 
 260 
 
 208 
 
 500 
 
 280 
 
 224 
 
 536 
 
 300 
 
 240 
 
 572 
 
 260.5556 
 
 208.4444 
 
 501 
 
 280.5556 
 
 224.4444 
 
 537 
 
 300.5556 
 
 240.4444 
 
 573 
 
 261 
 
 208.8 
 
 501.8 
 
 281 
 
 224.8 
 
 537.8 
 
 301 
 
 240.8 
 
 573.8 
 
 261.1111 
 
 208.8889 
 
 502 
 
 281.1111 
 
 224.8889 
 
 538 
 
 301.1111 
 
 240.8889 
 
 574 
 
 261.25 
 
 209 
 
 502.25 
 
 281.25 
 
 225 
 
 538.25 
 
 301.25 
 
 241 
 
 574-25 
 
 261.6667 
 
 209.3333 
 
 503 
 
 281.6667 
 
 225.3333 
 
 539 
 
 301.6667 
 
 241.3333 
 
 575 
 
 262 
 
 209.6 
 
 503.6 
 
 282 
 
 225.6 
 
 539.6 
 
 302 
 
 241.6 
 
 575.6 
 
 262.2222 
 
 209.7778 
 
 504 
 
 282.2222 
 
 225.7778 
 
 540 
 
 302.2222 
 
 241.7778 
 
 576 
 
 262.5 
 
 210 
 
 504.5 
 
 282.5 
 
 226 
 
 540.5 
 
 302.5 
 
 242 
 
 576.5 
 
 262.7778 
 
 210.2222 
 
 505 
 
 282.7778 
 
 226.2222 
 
 541 
 
 302.7778 
 
 242.2222 
 
 577 
 
 263 
 
 210.4 
 
 505.4 
 
 283 
 
 226.4 
 
 541.4 
 
 303 
 
 242.4 
 
 577.4 
 
 263.3333 
 
 210.6667 
 
 506 
 
 283.3333 
 
 226.6667 
 
 542 
 
 303.3333 
 
 242.6667 
 
 578 
 
 263.75 
 
 211 
 
 506.75 
 
 283.75 
 
 227 
 
 542.75 
 
 303.75 
 
 243 
 
 578.75 
 
 263.8889 
 
 211.1111 
 
 507 
 
 283.8889 
 
 227.1111 
 
 543 
 
 303.8889 
 
 243.1111 
 
 579 
 
 264 
 
 211.2 
 
 507.2 
 
 284 
 
 227.2 
 
 543.2 
 
 304 
 
 243.2 
 
 579.2 
 
 264.4444 
 
 211.5556 
 
 508 
 
 284.4444 
 
 227.5556 
 
 544 
 
 304.4444 
 
 243.5556 
 
 580 
 
c. 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 C, 
 
 B, 
 
 F, 
 
 C, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 305 
 
 244 
 
 581 
 
 323.3333 
 
 258.6667 
 
 614 
 
 342 
 
 273.6 
 
 647.6 
 
 305.5556 
 
 244.4444 
 
 582 
 
 323.75 
 
 259 
 
 614.75 
 
 342.2222 
 
 273.7778 
 
 648 
 
 306 
 
 244.8 
 
 582.8 
 
 323.8889 
 
 259.1111 
 
 615 
 
 342.5 
 
 274 
 
 648.5 
 
 306.1111 
 
 244.8889 
 
 583 
 
 324 
 
 259.2 
 
 615.2 
 
 342.7778 
 
 274.2222 
 
 649 
 
 306.25 
 
 245 
 
 583.25 
 
 324.4444 
 
 259.5556 
 
 616 
 
 343 
 
 274.4 
 
 649.4 
 
 306.6667 
 
 245.3333 
 
 584 
 
 325 
 
 260 
 
 617 
 
 343.3333 
 
 274.6667 
 
 650 
 
 307 
 
 245.6 
 
 584.6 
 
 325.5556 
 
 260.4444 
 
 618 
 
 343.75 
 
 275 
 
 650.75 
 
 307.2222 
 
 245.7778 
 
 585 
 
 326 
 
 260.8 
 
 618.8 
 
 343.8889 
 
 275.1111 
 
 651 
 
 307.5 
 
 246 
 
 585.5 
 
 326.1111 
 
 260.8889 
 
 619 
 
 344 
 
 275.2 
 
 651.2 
 
 307.7778 
 
 246.2222 
 
 586 
 
 326.25 
 
 261 
 
 619.25 
 
 344.4444 
 
 275.5556 
 
 652 
 
 308 
 
 246.4 
 
 586.4 
 
 326.6667 
 
 261.3333 
 
 620 
 
 345 
 
 276 
 
 653 
 
 308.3333 
 
 246.6667 
 
 587 
 
 327 
 
 261.6 
 
 620.6 
 
 345.5556 
 
 276.4444 
 
 654 
 
 308.75 
 
 247 
 
 587.75 
 
 327.2222 
 
 261.7778 
 
 621 
 
 346 
 
 276.8 
 
 654.8 
 
 308.8889 
 
 247.1111 
 
 588 
 
 327.5 
 
 262 
 
 621.5 
 
 346.1111 
 
 276.8889 
 
 655 
 
 309 
 
 247.2 
 
 588.2 
 
 327.7778 
 
 262.2222 
 
 622 
 
 346.25 
 
 277 
 
 655.25 
 
 309.4444 
 
 247.5556 
 
 589 
 
 328 
 
 262.4 
 
 622.4 
 
 346.6667 
 
 277.3333 
 
 656 
 
 310 
 
 248 
 
 590 
 
 328.3333 
 
 262.6667 
 
 623 
 
 347 
 
 277.6 
 
 656.6 
 
 310.5556 
 
 248.4444 
 
 591 
 
 328.75 
 
 263 
 
 623.75 
 
 347.2222 
 
 277.7778 
 
 657 
 
 311 
 
 248.8 
 
 591.8 
 
 328.8889 
 
 263.1111 
 
 624 
 
 347.5 
 
 278 
 
 657.5 
 
 311.1111 
 
 248.8889 
 
 592 
 
 329 
 
 263.2 
 
 624.2 
 
 347.7778 
 
 278.2222 
 
 658 
 
 311.25 
 
 249 
 
 592.25 
 
 329.4444 
 
 263.5556 
 
 625 
 
 348 
 
 278.4 
 
 658.4 
 
 311.6667 
 
 249.3333 
 
 593 
 
 330 
 
 264 
 
 626 
 
 348.3333 
 
 278.6667 
 
 659 
 
 312 
 
 249.6 
 
 593.6 
 
 330.5556 
 
 264.4444 
 
 627 
 
 348.75 
 
 279 
 
 659.75 
 
 312.2222 
 
 249.7778 
 
 594 . 
 
 331 
 
 264.8 
 
 627.8 
 
 348.8889 
 
 279.1111 
 
 660 
 
 312.5 
 
 250 
 
 594.5 
 
 331.1111 
 
 264.8889 
 
 628 
 
 349 
 
 279.2 
 
 660.2 
 
 312.7778 
 
 250.2222 
 
 595 
 
 331.25 
 
 265 
 
 628.25 
 
 349.4444 
 
 279.5556 
 
 661 
 
 313 
 
 250.4 
 
 595.4 
 
 331.6667 
 
 265.3333 
 
 629 
 
 350 
 
 280 
 
 662 
 
 313.3333 
 
 250.6667 
 
 596 
 
 332 
 
 265.6 
 
 629.6 
 
 350.5556 
 
 280.4444 
 
 663 
 
 313.75 
 
 251 
 
 596.75 
 
 332.2222 
 
 265.7778 
 
 630 
 
 351 
 
 280.8 
 
 663.8 
 
 313.8889 
 
 251.1111 
 
 597 
 
 332.5 
 
 266 
 
 630.5 
 
 351.1111 
 
 280.8889 
 
 664 
 
 314 
 
 251.2 
 
 597.2 
 
 332.7778 
 
 266.2222 
 
 631 
 
 351.25 
 
 281 
 
 664.25 
 
 314.4444 
 
 251.5556 
 
 598 
 
 333 
 
 266.4 
 
 631.4 
 
 351.6667 
 
 281.3333 
 
 665 
 
 315 
 
 252 
 
 599 
 
 333.3333 
 
 266.6667 
 
 632 
 
 352 
 
 281.6 
 
 665.6 
 
 315.5556 
 
 252.4444 
 
 600 
 
 333.75 
 
 267 
 
 632.75 
 
 352.2222 
 
 281.7778 
 
 666 
 
 316 
 
 252.8 
 
 600.8 
 
 333.8889 
 
 267.1111 
 
 633 
 
 352.5 
 
 282 
 
 666.5 
 
 316.1111 
 
 252.8889 
 
 601 
 
 334 
 
 267.2 
 
 633.2 
 
 352.7778 
 
 282.2222 
 
 667 
 
 316.25 
 
 253 
 
 601.25 
 
 334.4444 
 
 267.5556 
 
 634 
 
 353 
 
 282.4 
 
 667.4 
 
 316.6667 
 
 253.3333 
 
 602 
 
 335 
 
 268 
 
 635 
 
 353.3333 
 
 282.6667 
 
 668 
 
 317 
 
 253.6 
 
 602.6 
 
 335.5556 
 
 268.4444 
 
 636 
 
 353.75 
 
 283 
 
 668.75 
 
 317.2222 
 
 253.7778 
 
 603 
 
 336 
 
 268.8 
 
 636.8 
 
 353.8889 
 
 283.1111 
 
 669 
 
 317.5 
 
 254 
 
 603.5 
 
 336.1111 
 
 268.8889 
 
 637 
 
 354 
 
 283.2 
 
 669.2 
 
 317.7778 
 
 254.2222 
 
 604 
 
 336.25 
 
 269 
 
 637.25 
 
 354.4444 
 
 283.5556 
 
 670 
 
 318 
 
 254.4 
 
 604.4 
 
 336.6667 
 
 269.3333 
 
 638 
 
 355 
 
 284 
 
 671 
 
 318.3333 
 
 254.6667 
 
 605 
 
 337 
 
 269.6 
 
 638.6 
 
 355.5556 
 
 284.4444 
 
 672 
 
 318.75 
 
 255 
 
 605.75 
 
 337.2222 
 
 269.7778 
 
 639 
 
 356 
 
 284.8 
 
 672.8 
 
 318.8889 
 
 255.1111 
 
 606 
 
 337.5 
 
 270 
 
 639.5 
 
 356.1111 
 
 284.8889 
 
 673 
 
 319 
 
 255.2 
 
 606.2 
 
 337.7778 
 
 270.2222 
 
 640 
 
 356.25 
 
 285 
 
 673.25 
 
 319.4444 
 
 255.5556 
 
 607 
 
 338 
 
 270.4 
 
 640.4 
 
 856.6667 
 
 285.3333 
 
 674 
 
 320 
 
 256 
 
 608 
 
 338.3333 
 
 270.6667 
 
 641 
 
 357 
 
 285.6 
 
 674.6 
 
 320.5556 
 
 256.4444 
 
 609 
 
 338.75 
 
 271 
 
 641.75 
 
 357.2222 
 
 285.7778 
 
 675 
 
 321 
 
 256.8 
 
 609.8 
 
 338.8889 
 
 271.1111 
 
 642 
 
 357.5 
 
 286 
 
 675.5 
 
 321.1111 
 
 256.8889 
 
 610 
 
 339 
 
 271.2 
 
 642.2 
 
 357.7778 
 
 286.2222 
 
 676 
 
 321.25 
 
 257 
 
 610.25 
 
 339.4444 
 
 271.5556 
 
 643 
 
 358 
 
 286.4 
 
 676.4 
 
 321.6667 
 
 257.3333 
 
 611 
 
 340 
 
 272 
 
 644 
 
 358.3333 
 
 286.6667 
 
 677 
 
 322 
 
 257.6 
 
 611.6 
 
 340.5556 
 
 272.4444 
 
 645 
 
 358.75 
 
 287 
 
 677.75 
 
 322.2222 
 
 257.7778 
 
 612 
 
 341 
 
 272.8 
 
 645.8 
 
 358.8889 
 
 287.1111 
 
 678 
 
 322.5 
 
 258 
 
 612.5 
 
 341.1111 
 
 272.8889 
 
 646 
 
 359 
 
 287.2 
 
 678.2 
 
 322.7778 
 
 258.2222 
 
 613 
 
 341.25 
 
 273 
 
 646.25 
 
 359.4444 
 
 287.5556 
 
 679 
 
 323 
 
 258.4 
 
 613.4 
 
 341.6667 
 
 273.3333 
 
 647 
 
 360 
 
 288 
 
 680 
 
AUXILIARY TABLE 
 FOR THE COMPARISON OF HIGHER TEMPERATURES. 
 
 c, 
 
 R, 
 
 F, 
 
 Di- 
 rectly. 
 
 F, 
 
 By Ad- 
 dition. 
 
 B, 
 
 C, 
 
 F, 
 
 Di- 
 rectly. 
 
 F, 
 
 By Ad- 
 dition. 
 
 F. 
 
 Directly. 
 
 By Addition. 
 
 C, 
 
 B, 
 
 C, 
 
 R. 
 
 400 
 
 320 
 
 752 
 
 720 
 
 300 
 
 875 
 
 707 
 
 675 
 
 700 
 
 371.1111 
 
 296.8889 
 
 388.8889 
 
 311.1111 
 
 500 
 
 400 
 
 932 
 
 900 
 
 400 
 
 500 
 
 932 
 
 900 
 
 800 
 
 426.6667 
 
 341.3333 
 
 444.4444 
 
 355.5556 
 
 600 
 
 480 
 
 1112 
 
 1080 
 
 500 
 
 625 
 
 1157 
 
 1125 
 
 900 
 
 482.2222 
 
 385.7778 
 
 500 
 
 400 
 
 700 
 
 560 
 
 1292 
 
 1260 
 
 600 
 
 750 
 
 1382 
 
 1350 
 
 1000 
 
 537.7778 
 
 430.2222 
 
 555.5556 
 
 444.4444 
 
 800 
 
 640 
 
 1472 
 
 1440 
 
 700 
 
 875 
 
 1607 
 
 1575 
 
 1100 
 
 593.3333 
 
 474.6667 
 
 611.1111 
 
 488.8889 
 
 900 
 
 720 
 
 1652 
 
 1620 
 
 800 
 
 1000 
 
 1832 
 
 1800 
 
 1200 
 
 648.8889 
 
 519.1111 
 
 666.6667 
 
 533.3333 
 
 1000 
 
 800 
 
 1832 
 
 1800 
 
 900 
 
 1125 
 
 2057 
 
 2025 
 
 1300 
 
 704.4444 
 
 563.5556 
 
 722.2222 
 
 577.7778 
 
 1100 
 
 880 
 
 2012 
 
 1980 
 
 1000 
 
 1250 
 
 2282 
 
 2250 
 
 1400 
 
 760 
 
 608 
 
 777.7778 
 
 622.2222 
 
 1200 
 
 960 
 
 2192 
 
 2160 
 
 1100 
 
 1375 
 
 2507 
 
 2475 
 
 1500 
 
 815.5556 
 
 652.4444 
 
 833.3333 
 
 666.6667 
 
 1300 
 
 1040 
 
 2372 
 
 2340 
 
 1200 
 
 1500 
 
 2732 
 
 2700 
 
 1600 
 
 871.1111 
 
 696.8889 
 
 888.8889 
 
 711.1111 
 
 1400 
 
 1120 
 
 2552 
 
 2520 
 
 1300 
 
 1625 
 
 2957 
 
 2925 
 
 1700 
 
 926.6667 
 
 741.3333 
 
 944.4444 
 
 755.5556 
 
 1500 
 
 1200 
 
 2732 
 
 2700 
 
 1400 
 
 1750 
 
 3182 
 
 3150 
 
 1800 
 
 982.2222 
 
 785.7778 
 
 1000 
 
 800 
 
 1600 
 
 1280 
 
 2912 
 
 2880 
 
 1500 
 
 1875 
 
 3407 
 
 3375 
 
 1900 
 
 1037.7778 
 
 830.2222 
 
 1055.5556 
 
 844.4444 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2000 
 
 1093.3333 
 
 874.6667 
 
 1111.1111 
 
 888.8889 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE AUXILIARY TABLE. 
 
 By the aid of this table the three scales may be compared up to I960 C., 1788 R., and 
 2680 F., (degrees not corresponding to the same temperature). 
 
 The conversion of degrees terminating in two zeros are found in the columns headed 
 " Directly," e. g, : 
 
 1100 C. = 880 R. 2012 F. 
 
 1500 F. = 815.5556 C. = 652.4444 R. 
 
 On the other hand, the conversions of degrees not terminating in two zeros are contained 
 in the columns headed " By Addition." 
 
 In order to convert 1142 C. and 1536 F. respectively into F. degrees and R. degrees, 
 we find : 
 
 In the Auxiliary Table 1100 C. = 880 R. = 1980 F. 
 
 To which are added from the principal table 42 C. = 33.6 R. = 107.6 F. 
 
 1142 C. = 913.6 R. = 2087.6 F. 
 
 In the Auxiliary Table 1500 F. = 833.3333 C. = 666.6667 R. 
 
 In the principal table 36 F. = 2.2222 C. = 1.7778 R. 
 
 1536 F. = 835.5556 C. = 668.4445 R. 
 
YD 07379