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 University of California. 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Class 
 
THE 
 
 MODERN 
 
 CITY 
 
 By 
 ADAM DIXON WARNER 
 
 OF THE LOS ANGELES BAR 
 
 
THE 
 
 MODERN 
 
 CITY 
 
 ADAM DIXON WARNER 
 
 of the Los Angeles Bar 
 
 
 Containing the 
 
 
 
 Author's Answer 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 Hon. David S. Rose 
 
 
 
 Mayor of Milwaukee 
 
 
 
 Delivered at 
 
 
 Salt 
 
 Lake City. Dec. 5th, 
 
 1909 
 
 
 / OF THE \ 
 
 
 University 
 
 OF 
 
 Copyrighted 1910 
 
 By 
 
 Adam Dixon Warner 
 
 1910 
 BAUMGARDT PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
ADAM DIXON WARNER 
 
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 The Modern City 
 
 BY 
 
 Adam Dixon Warner. 
 
 "AND HE BUILDED A CITY." 
 
 IT TAKES STRONG MEN TO BUILD 
 A CITY: 
 
 It takes strong, resolute, determined men to make 
 and keep a modern city clean. And a city will be 
 good and clean and great, just as its men and women — 
 its society, is good and clean and great. By society 
 I mean each and every individual unit ! — It is ^ou, 
 and it is I. 
 
 In the last analysis society is a concrete, not an 
 abstract: Each mdividual unit in the social system is 
 a part of the concrete whole — society. Society, State, 
 and City, are almost synonymous. Society, is the col- 
 lective body of citizens composing a place. A city, 
 is a place inhabited by a large, permanent, organized 
 community ; and the Greek mind identifies the state 
 and city so completely, that there is but one word 
 for both. 
 
 HenT)) Ward Beecher says, "that three great ele- 
 ments enter into the career of a great citizen, viz., that 
 which his ancestry gives, that which opportunity gives; 
 and that which his will develops." So, if human 
 character is the camera of human development, then 
 civic virtue, will be just what the genius and will of 
 'he people develop. 
 
 The proper solution of the many complex problems 
 of modern city life, is the solution of the greatest 
 questions of the century. They are as many and as 
 varied, as are the vices and virtues of mankind. 
 
 I^j610G 
 
The Modern Cit}) 
 
 FUNCTION OF CIVIC GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The city is the oldest poHtical Unit or entity; and 
 because of its facihties for closer fellowship and closer 
 contact in business and social relations, it furnishes 
 the most varied ramifications and opportunities for civil 
 and moral debasement; and not only this, but it pro- 
 vides the very highest opportunities for all economic and 
 sociological improvement, and spiritual development. 
 
 Therefore, the true function of civic government 
 should be the very highest standard of excellence and 
 equipment for furnishing its people and the visitor with- 
 in its gales, not only law and order, but the very 
 best law and order; the best water, light, heat, health 
 hygiene, sanitation, education, recreation, means of 
 communication and transportation; and most important 
 of all, the Modern City must provide its willing toilers 
 an opportunity to toil and earn a livelihood. If it 
 does not, it will have idleness and all its accessories, — 
 drunkenness and licentiousness, and decay. 
 
 The common acceptation of the word "city" — in 
 truth and in fact, not only the modern, but the medieval 
 and ancient understanding and acceptation of the 
 term was, and is, a place of revelry, riotous living, 
 lust, loot, plunder and power. And it is sad to con- 
 template, but it is nevertheless true, that it is so re- 
 garded in America today. But the polished American 
 political plunderer and energetic embezzler of power, 
 has sweetened and softened his unctuous iniquity by 
 coining a new word to cover his crimes. The raw 
 plunder of autocratic power and despotism, has given 
 way to the more diplomatic counting-room corporatitis 
 and political graftitis. What was formerly very harsh- 
 ly, but correctly, called, conspiracy, robbery, or loot, 
 are now more euphoniously called by these modern 
 appellations. What the road agent used to do alone, 
 is now done by a number of gentlemen, as a board 
 of directors. 
 
 CITY PLACE OF REFUGE. 
 
 The first mention of city, in either sacred or pro- 
 fane history, is in the Bible, Genesis 4:17: "And he 
 builded a city." And again in Numbers 35:2, when 
 the Lord spake unto Moses, in the plains of Moab 
 by Jordan near Jericho, saying, "Command the chil- 
 dren of Israel that they give unto the Levites of the 
 inheritance of their possession, cities to dwell in; and 
 ye shall give also unto the Levites. suburbs of the city 
 round about them. And they shall be unto you cities 
 
OF THE 
 
 "^RSITY 
 
 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die 
 not. until he stand before the congregation in judgment." 
 In Zechariah, Jerusalem is called the "City of Truth, 
 where the old and the children play in the streets." 
 
 So it IS not, as has been often erroneously stated 
 and as often erroneously practiced, that the city was 
 originally intended, and that its chief function was 
 to furnish boodlmg politicians and all kinds of evil. 
 But on the contrary, the city was, as we have seen, 
 a place of refuge. A place where justice should be 
 supreme, and should be meted out to all men alike. 
 A place "where the old and the children could play 
 in the streets." A place where the stranger and traveler 
 were sure of a fair and impartial trial by honest 
 and fearless and indep>endent citizens, free from politi- 
 cal pull, passion or prejudice. It was intended as 
 the place where everyone was safe, and would be sure 
 of a square deal. It was the place where the law- 
 makers, the law-construers and the law-enforcers lived. 
 It was the place where the multitude of the people heard 
 the law expounded and justly and fairly administerd. 
 
 Every lawyer knows that the comnion law of today, 
 and the statute law in all civilized lands had their 
 origin in the law of Moses, as laid down in these 
 chapters of the Old Testament; and has been handed 
 to us through the Justinian Codes and Common Law 
 of England; — making the observance of law the most 
 sacred principle of government and citizenship. 
 
 What more ennobling or patriotic sight can you wit- 
 ness than to go into your courtroom and see his Honor 
 on the bench, and over his head the perfect square 
 with the words, government, law, justice, truth on the 
 corners; and the scales of equal and exact justice in 
 the center, with the inscription "Fiat Justitia," — mean- 
 ing, let justice be done. This is one of the institu- 
 tions that makes us love our cities and our government 
 and our flag, and makes us patriots. 
 
 THE GREEK CITY. 
 
 In the course of history, the significance of the term, 
 "city" has varied. We read. " the cities of the East, 
 in the valley of the Euphrates were mere congeries 
 (that is collections) of subjects whom a wall and a 
 ditch shut in." The ancient Greek city, was itself 
 a state, with its own policy and its own religion; and 
 while it remained a city administered all its affairs, 
 external and internal. Its form of government varied 
 chiefly according to the number who were admitted to 
 full citizenship, and might be oligarchic or democratic. 
 
8 The Modern C//\j 
 
 but even when nnost democratic only a fraction of the 
 population had the rights of citizenship. In Athens at 
 one time, there were 400,000 slaves, 1 0,000 resident 
 aliens and only 2 1 ,000 male citizens of adult age. 
 
 The cities of the Roman Republic were of the 
 same type, but under the Empire, a city became simply 
 an administrative unit in the Empire, and Roman 
 citizenship ceased to be distinguished from the condi- 
 tion of a Latin subject. 
 
 The city in medieval times occupied a very different 
 position. In Southern France and Northern Italy, the 
 cities were the inheritors of the tradition of the ancient 
 city; but in the North, they arose slow'ly from humble 
 origins and had to buy their privileges, and to main- 
 tain them often by force of arms. The medieval city 
 was based not on war, but on hard work and com- 
 merce, rather than on conquest. As was especially the 
 case with the Hanseatic towns and the great industrial 
 towns of Flanders and South Germany. Where the 
 central power was weak as in Germany, or non-existent 
 as in Italy, the cities approximated to the Greek type; 
 but in England, they never achieved independence of 
 the central authority and had local, rather than self- 
 government, — as the cities grew in wealth and im- 
 portance, their constitution, at first purely democratic 
 became oligarchic — then despotic — and then came the 
 mob. 
 
 This very thing is true of the cities of the oldest 
 times. They were first cities of refuge, but as they 
 grew in wealth and importance, they became the prey 
 of wealth and power and from democratic cities of 
 refuge, they became oligarchic and corrupt, and because 
 of their corruption were destroyed. 
 
 VULGAR ORGIES OF VULGAR RICH. 
 
 Ur, the first city, Sodom and Gomorrah, Babylon. 
 Nineveh, Jericho, Pompeii, Corinth, Sidon, Thebes. 
 Carthage. Alexandria and Paphos. on the Island of 
 Cyprus, where. Burton in his book, says; "the shrine 
 of Aphridite was a temple of sanctified licentiousness. 
 A form of religion which has so attached ignominy to 
 the soil on which its temple was founded, that it has 
 given us the almost unprintable epithet, — Cyprian" — 
 each and all fell, and were utterly destroyed. 
 
 To realize the depths of moral degradation, when 
 Venus was worshipped at Paphos. and when Pompeii 
 was the art gallery of the world, one only has to read 
 Paul's Epistle to the Romans — the epistles of Horace, 
 or the satires of Juvenal; and to think of the unprintable 
 
The Modern C/'/p 
 
 or unspeakable practices in the "thoughts" of Marcus 
 AureHus. 
 
 What think you, wrought the destruction of these 
 cities and Rome and Paris, and forced the intermittent 
 decay of citizenship and character? Search history 
 as you may, and speculate to the furthest extent of 
 imagination's capacity, and there will be but one 
 answer: The lust and greed and vulgar orgies of the 
 Vulgar rich! 
 
 The sanctified licentiousness of Paphos and the art 
 galleries of Pompeii, are all outstaged and outdone 
 today in America, by the Cyprian degradation and lust 
 engendered by "The Girl from Rectors," and its ilk, 
 and the licensed saloon-restaurants and bagnios and 
 madhouses of our American cities, to make business 
 out of the morals of your sons and daughters. The 
 modern city must drive these evil forces in government, 
 the saloon, licentiousness and the graft machine, out of 
 government with its best citizenship, or the history of the 
 cities of old will be repeated. 
 
 CHARACTER IN CITIES. 
 
 As it was political and business dishonesty that bred 
 corruption of morals, and destroyed these cities of olden 
 time, it is the same political and business dishonesty, 
 extravagance, dishonesty with God, and irreligious, 
 pantheistic subterfuges of the times, that have made 
 civic government in American cities, the blackest spots 
 in American history. 
 
 Horace Greely said; "Fame is vapor. Popularity is 
 an accident. Riches take wings. Those who cheer to- 
 day will curse tomorrow. Only one thing endures — 
 Character." 
 
 Character in a nation, is but character of its people. 
 Character in a city, is the character of its citizens — 
 and when I speak of character, I do not mean repu- 
 tation. Character and reputation are widely different. 
 Character lives in a man; — reputation outside of him. 
 Character is what one is. Reputation is what one is 
 thought to be. Character is the individuality which 
 man possesses as the product of nature, habits and 
 environments. Reputation is what one's friends or 
 enemies may think of him. Character is both pro- 
 genitor and product of industry. I never saw a man 
 of character, who was not a man of industry; nor an 
 industrious man, who was not a man of some con- 
 siderable character. Character is both father and son 
 of industry. Character then, must be the most potent 
 
10 The Modern Cifl; 
 
 and paramount factor in the life of cities and nations, 
 as it is in individuals. 
 
 Jesus of Nazareth was slandered and damned, spat 
 upon, stoned and crucified as a criminal on the cross, 
 yet his character lives, and will live forever. Martin 
 Luther was branded, maligned and stowed away by 
 his friends, to keep his enemies from doing him harm. 
 George Washington was denounced, hated and 
 threatened. While the immortals, Jefferson, who wrote 
 the Declaration of Independence, and Lincoln, who 
 wrote the Proclamation of Emancipation — two docu- 
 ments that go hand in hand in sublimity with the ten 
 commandments, were charged with everything that slan- 
 der's tongues could magnify and circulate, and the 
 one was murdered. 
 
 And during the last ten years and to this very hour, 
 nearly every man who has patriotically fought for clean 
 government, and the dethronement of corruption in our 
 cities and states has been vilified by slander; and has had 
 his reputation blasted in the minds of many people; — 
 but yet, their characters stand out in bold relief as our 
 greatest patriots. 
 
 PRESENT-DAY PATRIOTS. 
 
 La Follette and Bryan and Roosevelt, a triune of 
 present day patriots, that will adorn history's pages as 
 gloriously as the names of Washington. Jefferson and 
 Lincoln, have been maligned and slandered as dema- 
 gogues by a trust-bought and trust-owned press. Gover- 
 nor Folk, of Missouri, who started Civic Reformation 
 in "Modern City Government," has been slandered, so 
 one could hear anything he wanted to about him in 
 the city of St. Louis. Heney, in San Francisco, is 
 charged with being everything that slander can think 
 of, or buy; and his attempted assassination, while try- 
 ing to bring criminals to justice, simply shows how 
 far unbridled power will go to thwart any interference 
 with its lust, or greed or power. Judge Lindsay in 
 Denver, has been the victim of its corrupting assaults. 
 
 A less strong man than Pinchot would have been 
 driven from public life for doing his duty. 
 
 For reading the political traitors — the dive-keepers 
 and saloon-keepers out of the State and County con- 
 ventions of the Democratic party of California, I have 
 been charged with everything in the calendar of crime 
 their dirty tongues can circulate. Men's reputations 
 may be blasted as easily as you would crush a rose; 
 but their characters will endure forever. 
 
 It's music to the soul to sometimes sit and hear and 
 
The Modern Citv 1 I 
 
 see an honest man rise and lash the machine. I sat 
 in Simpson Auditorium one night and chuckled my 
 sides sore to hear the biggest man in California — Gover- 
 nor Gage — unmercifully pour a compound of tartaric 
 acid, vitrol, wormwood, iron, sarcasm, pity and dis- 
 gust mto the self-mflicted wounds of the old Jade. 
 Governor Pardee has often paid his respects to her 
 for his daring to refuse to take orders. And Joseph 
 H. Call has exposed the transportation robbery as no 
 other man in America has ever done. Thank God 
 for this kind of men ! Give me a hundred more big 
 patriots like these, and this nation can be freed from 
 the monopolistic industrial, transportation, financial and 
 moral slavery of both civic and national government. 
 
 INFLUENCE OF CHARACTER. 
 
 As Lincoln and Jefferson and Washington were 
 ahead of their time, and lifted the people on to higher 
 planes of citizenship and government, so did Abraham, 
 Isaac and Jacob of old, in turn, influence morality, and 
 make it not only progressive, but aggressive. Later, 
 the sweet simplicity and purity of the patriarchial He- 
 brews was overcome by the gross immorality of the 
 Philistines, and as immorality grew, religion and charac- 
 ter decayed. 
 
 The dramas of Aeschylus and Euripides, were writ- 
 ten within a century, and yet, the conditions had so 
 changed, that lust and greed took the place of virtue 
 and fair-dealing, and patriotism had dwindled to a 
 mockery. Horace scoffed at the gods of the days of 
 Cincinnatus and the patriotism of the old Romans, 
 sunk to a low plane of social vice. The indelible 
 impress of Socrates, the father of philosophy, upon 
 the world's education ; the wisdom of Aristotle ; the 
 profundity of reasoning of Plato; and the thundering 
 oratory of Demosthenes awakened Athenian patriotism 
 until Corinth and Athens gloried in their overmastering 
 genius and citizenship, that were later despoiled by the 
 lust and greed of the Macedonians. 
 
 Again the crowning glorv of all ancient or medieval 
 Roman civilization, through the genius and general- 
 ship of the world's master, Julius Caesar, and 
 the oratory of Cicero, reached its zenith in the reign 
 of Augustus that gave us Horace, Virgil, Livy and 
 Ovid, was within a half century, dripping \vith the 
 barbarisms and licentiousness of Tiberius and Caligula, 
 and the unspeakable atrocities of Nero, that palsy the 
 human mind. 
 
 Later. Charlemagne and a handful of sincerely 
 
1 2 The Modern Ci/l; 
 
 religious and patriotic Frenchmen founded schools 
 .of morality all through Western Europe — erected 
 Notre Dame, in Paris and lifted not only France, 
 but all of Western Europe out of ignorance, vice 
 and depravity, onto a high moral plane of pro- 
 gressive citizenship and character. Again, the mass 
 of the people, through extravagance and lust for 
 gold became lost to God and wholly irreligious, 
 and the reign of terror followed that knew no virtue 
 and forgot no vice. The excesses of that awful time 
 are unmatched in history. 
 
 PROFLIGACIES OF HISTORY. 
 
 The profligacies of history, that caused the destruc- 
 tion of ancient and medieval civilization have been re- 
 peated during the last thirty years with more marked 
 effect. 
 
 It is true, that the people of America, have not yet 
 been "wrapped in flax, dipped in pitch, fastened to 
 poles, set up about the promenades and summer-houses, 
 and lighted for torches; while the groaning and writh- 
 ing human candelabra burned to the sockets, the 
 Emperor and his friends caroused and feasted until 
 the blackened feet of the expiring torches dropped into 
 darkness." But they have groaned, and have been 
 "saddled and ridden, legitimately," by excessive taxa- 
 tion since the Civil War; and are now "writhing" under 
 the oppression of THREE MEN, controlling all finan- 
 cial, industrial and transportation life of the country. 
 They have seen food-stuffs disappear from their tables 
 for the want of the price; while the Caesars, and Cali- 
 gulas and Neros of today, are billionaires, through un- 
 just tariff-robbery and special privilege. 
 
 These present-day Neros may not "prick" a name, 
 or "butcher and burn a Carthage." 
 
 It pays better and is more respectable, to absorb 
 a railroad and increase the bond issue a hundred million. 
 
 It pays better to work in their Wall Street butcher- 
 shops and have their "tribunes and senators," absorb the 
 coal and iron and oil and lead and copper and water- 
 powers and harbors and transportation lines and graz- 
 ing lands and farm-products, and ^.v the price to the 
 consumer. 
 
 It pays better to form a Steel Trust of fourteen 
 hundred million out of one-fourth of the value! 
 
 1 hey have profited by the experiences of two 
 thousand years! Will they escape the consequences? 
 
The Modern Cil^ I 3 
 
 PRESENT-DAY CAESARS. 
 
 There is nothing in history, to compare with the 
 potential influence that has been exerted on the plastic 
 American, through the library and college subsidization 
 scheme of the last twenty years, by the heads of the most 
 merciless, far-reaching and exacting trusts the world 
 has ever known. The exaction of tribute by the 
 Caesars and Kmgs of the oldest times, was trivial petty- 
 larceny in comparison to the covert skillful tariff rob- 
 bery of the wife, widow and child of the farmer and 
 toiler, under the guise and pretense of aiding a strug- 
 gling infant; when it has been, in fact, to fill the coffers 
 of a gianl and permit the triune head — Rockefeller, 
 Carnegie and Morgan — to bribe a nation to its own 
 despoilment by appropriating a fractional part of the 
 stolen money to endow colleges and build libraries and 
 art galleries, and make the people beg for more; while 
 they approvingly submit to being robbed in order 
 that the names of these present-day Caesars may have 
 a passport to respectability in the halls of fame; and 
 the people may enjoy some of the benefits of the tainted 
 money. 
 
 When a civilization gets to this stage it is high 
 time for every man and woman to think, and to act 
 and vote, and vote intelligently, to save the nation. 
 
 The nation or the city that permits its citizenship 
 to be despoiled for gold or power, despoils itself. 
 
 The history of the world is, that when man became 
 rich and lustful, cities became corrupt and despotic. 
 Plato tells us, "The more men think of making a 
 fortune, the less they think of virtue; for when riches 
 and virtue are placed together in the scales of the 
 balance, the one always rises as the other falls." 
 
 When man became lazy, lethargic and dependent upon 
 others, he became lustful and the cities decayed. When 
 man became powerful through money, he became op- 
 pressive ; and following despotism came the mob. 
 
 DARK AGES. 
 
 When man became corrupt, corruption ensued in the 
 cities, and the Dark Ages followed ; and it took nine 
 hundred years for the people to shake off the inheri- 
 tance of profligacy, corruption, oppression and want. 
 It became so bad that the business of the cities was 
 war. And strange as it may appear, it is nevertheless 
 true, that the most flagrant cases of graft in our cities, 
 have been those dealing with public franchises granted 
 to private corporations; and farming out to private 
 
14 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 corp>orations, the functions of government — the very 
 means of existence, mamtenance and support of the 
 civil government, that should have been most jealously 
 guarded for posterity. 
 
 The value of these franchises that have been stolen 
 during the last twenty years would pay off the national 
 debt. 
 
 The court records of our cities disclose not only the 
 necessity of absolute control of public utilities; but dis- 
 close the necessity of some control over the ordinary 
 business transactions of men to insure honest and square 
 dealing. 
 
 Some men say, that you cannot make a man honest 
 by law. That may be literally true. But you can pre- 
 vent him from being too dishonest. You can scare 
 dishonesty into honesty by law. Law and the courts 
 may never make a man charitable or philanthropic or 
 patriotic; but they will prevent him from disturbing and 
 degrading society ; they can prevent him from being 
 cruel; and they will prevent him from practicing pre- 
 cepts that tend to lower, rather than elevate the moral 
 plane of society. So, while it may be true that law 
 will not accomplish the individual reformation ; yet, it 
 is theoretically, scientifically and experimentally true that 
 properly enforced law regulates society. 
 
 And at last, the rights and liberties guaranteed by 
 the constitution, are no more nor less than regulated 
 liberty- — or liberty regulated by law. Religious lib- 
 erty, if you please. I do not mean religious, in the 
 sense of dogma or creed, but ethically religious — 
 doing right. All pages of history record men truly 
 virtuous, when and where we find them truly re- 
 ligious; and the converse of the proposition is equally 
 true. 
 
 MORALITY AND PROGRESS. 
 
 It is a truism of history, that morality and progress 
 have died together where and when true religious wor- 
 ship has retrograded. 
 
 I am no preacher; I have never received the highest 
 commission given to man — to preach Jesus Christ. 
 But I say to you, as an experienced man of the world, 
 who has practised law and politics in the West for 
 thirty years and knows something of the machinations 
 of men and vices of the times, that \T you tear down 
 your churches, you will tear down your citadels, and 
 cities and citizenship. 
 
 And to tear down your churches you need not 
 physically tear them down. AH you have to do to 
 
The Modern Cit\) 1 5 
 
 tear them down, is to empty them or destroy their 
 influence. And every time you issue a hcense to a 
 brothel or gambhng hell or a saloon, you issue a 
 •license to minimize and destroy, not only the influence 
 of the church, but the influence of the school, the 
 library and the home and fireside. And I say to you, 
 that of all the forces for evil the saloon is the most 
 insidious and debasing to good government and good 
 citizenship. 
 
 Its only hope for existence and profit is in emptying 
 the churches and schools and in building saloons, and 
 making drunkards and harlots and orphans and paupers 
 and idiots and a lower, baser citizenship. 
 
 The baser and lower the standard of civil government 
 and citizenship, the more prolific is the supply and 
 profit of the saloon. The lower the citizenship and 
 government, the greater the patrons and customers of 
 the saloon. The more customers, the greater the sales and 
 the greater the profit. The greater the profit, the more 
 saloons, and the more saloons, the more victims. The 
 frightful increase in the accursed liquor traffic and' saloon 
 during the last twenty years, until in 1907, we con- 
 sumed 19'/2 gallons per capita, threatened the very 
 fabric of our institutions. And the very dangers that 
 destroyed the governments and cities of old were upon 
 us, eating out our vitals in the debasement of civic 
 virtue. Forty years ago, when I was a boy, every- 
 thing was done on honor. Now nearly everything is 
 done for "What's in it." Citizenship and character have 
 been debased, until character is now defined as, "How 
 much has he got." 
 
 JUSTICE AND LIBERTY. 
 
 The story of Hercules by Euripides, has been re- 
 peated a thousand times in the evolution of intellectual 
 and moral development. 
 
 As Babylon and Corinth were loathsome cesspools 
 of depravity in comparison to the later new Jerusalem, 
 so the improvement in Thebes over Babylon was re- 
 flected a hundredfold in the higher citizenship of 
 Athens. As Washington and Jefferson and Lincoln 
 tower over Charlemagne and Napoleon and Wellington, 
 so did Paul over Elijah, and David over Abraham. 
 
 Emerson says: "Every institution is but the length- 
 ened shadow of a man." This truth is exemplified 
 in the foregoing and in the axiomatic fact, that civili- 
 zation of a nation or a community will be high or low, 
 just as the individual citizenship is high or low. And 
 
16 The Modern Ci'/p 
 
 citizenship can only be measured by the yardstick of 
 character and righteousness. 
 
 The infinite wisdom of an omniscient and immacu- 
 late God has inculcated in the heart of every patriot 
 that the world has produced, the knowledge that the 
 greatest happiness of a p>eople consists in absolute 
 justice between the governing power and the governed, 
 rh^s is priceless liberty, the synonym of Christian right- 
 eousness. 
 
 It was love of this priceless jewel — Liberty — that 
 animated Cicero and Demosthenes and made the 
 Scipio's plead for the Republic. For this Thomas 
 Wentworth, Martin Luther and Robert Emmet, laid 
 down their lives as patriots of peace. For this these 
 United States have been twice bathed in blood and al- 
 most died, to arise again nobler, grander and more ma- 
 jestic, until they are the brightest stars in the world's 
 civilization and Christian righteousness. The law of 
 Moses and the sermon on the Mount have rocked the 
 cradle of intelligence and enlightment until virtue and 
 fair-dealing have evolved Christian righteousness out of 
 lustful sensuality, in a thousand instances in the world's 
 history and reformed public opinion. 
 
 THE BIBLE AND COUNTRY. 
 
 Without any apology to any human being, I base 
 what I have to say for the protection and elevation 
 of civic government and the human race, squarely upon 
 the Bible. Upon that Book, that the great scientist, 
 Huxley said: "Was the Magna Charta of the poor 
 and oppressed. That for three centuries has been woven 
 into the life of all that is noblest and best in our 
 history, and has become the nationl epic of our race. 
 * * * Nowhere is the fundamental truth that the 
 welfare of the State, in the long run depends upon 
 the righteousness of the citizen, so strongly laid down. 
 The Bible is the most democratic book in the world." 
 
 I believe in the Bible, I believe in its inspiration, 
 I believe in its ethics and morals, I believe in its 
 democratic doctrines. And I believe it to be the 
 most sacred and sublime philosophy ever handed to the 
 human race. And I repeat with emphasis, the sacred 
 words of the Father of our country, when he said: "No 
 people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the in- 
 visible hand which conducts the affairs of men. more 
 than the people of the United States. Every step by 
 which they have advanced to the character of an inde- 
 pendent nation, seems to have been distinguished by 
 some token of providential agency." What a legacy! 
 
The Modern Cit^ 1 7 
 
 What an inspiration to every officer and citizen to 
 patriotically and faithfully fulfill his full duty to the 
 city and stale and nation ! 
 
 These words of the mighty Washington, are and 
 have been true from the very hour, when some time 
 in 1486, a poor wayfaring stranger was begging from 
 the porter at the convent gate of St. Mary, about a 
 mile from the little port of Palos, in Spain; and was 
 afterwards scoffed at when he said the world was 
 round and that he wanted to discover and explore 
 a new world to the westward. The same "mighty 
 hand" that conducts the affairs of men, formulated the 
 public opinion in that case, that resulted ultimately 
 in the United States of America. That same mighty 
 force formulates public opinion today in the great cities, 
 towns, hamlets and firesides of America, from which 
 the victims of tyrannical power and despotic intolerance 
 everywhere, shall receive continuating messages, that 
 American homes and American soil and American 
 institutions shall ever remain havens of security, refuge 
 and fair treatment for the oppressed of all climes. 
 
 CIVILIZED OPINION. 
 
 I want to remind the American cities and the 
 American people, before it is too late, that as the 
 greatest motive force of popular strength is the world's 
 civilized opinion ; and nothing being truer than the 
 fact, that public opinion is but the reflex of combined 
 individual thought, it becomes mandatory that citizen- 
 ship and the very highest Christian civilization must be 
 the paramount question, in both civic and national 
 government. 
 
 The world's civilized opinion — that mighty world 
 force, was born on the shores of America. It budded 
 and bloomed and has nurtured and grown as we grew. 
 The boy who trod through the woods on the banks 
 of the Monongahela and slept in frozen clothes on 
 brush piles, to avoid the treacheries of the untutored 
 savage and became the father of the United States of 
 America, was the father of civilized public opinion. 
 Before it, the corner stones and pillars of oppressive 
 temples of autocracy and despotism everywhere must 
 crumble. 
 
 The revolution of France, Turkey, Mexico and 
 Greece and Lincoln's Emancipation of the world, the 
 result of civilized public opinion, have set all slaves 
 free. The proclamation has been writ. God ordained 
 it. Jesus of Nazareth proclaimed it. Washington and 
 Jefferson and Lincoln enforced it on these shores. And 
 
18 The Modern City 
 
 no matter, whether in the jungles of darkest Africa, 
 Yucatan, or at our very doors in the ^ aqui country in 
 Mexico. No matter of what particular character it par- 
 takes, whether it be bodily slavery, financial slavery, 
 toiling slavery, or moral slavery, it cannot have — it shall 
 not have a place to lay its dirty dragon head before the 
 world's civilized public opinion. It is a relic of the 
 past. It cannot exist in the same atmosphere with 
 Liberty and Freedom. Civilized public opinion "is 
 what restrams men from injuring one another and yet, 
 leaves theme free to direct and regulate their own pur- 
 suits of honest endeavor and to provide an honest re- 
 ward for that endeavor." This is the sum total of 
 good government. This is but in its last analysis, the 
 final result of all secular teachings of the lowly 
 Nazarene, tending to fit us for the higher spiritual 
 development. 
 
 MILITARISM BREEDS DESPOTISM. 
 
 The tendency toward militarism, is and ever has been 
 the pathway to despotism. One of the dangers to 
 our peace, liberties and rights, lurkingly lies in the 
 abuse of power; and the toleration by the people of 
 infringement of their constitutional safeguards in the 
 pernicious and detestable practices, that have grown up 
 in the police power. The toleration of the barbaric 
 and despotic disregard of constitutional rights of the 
 citizen, by the police in the "sweating system," the 
 "third degree" and the "blackhole" illegally maintained 
 in American cities, is as dangerous and menacing to 
 the peace, happiness and welfare of a people as are the 
 economic and sociological evils that every right thinking 
 man wants to remedy. 
 
 And the deliberate violation of the rights guaranteed 
 by every State Constitution and the National Constitu- 
 tion, the right to a trial hv jurv and the imprisonment 
 of patriots of industry and peace without such trial, is 
 the most threatening danger that has menaced this Re- 
 public, since the hrst shot at Fort Sumpter. 
 
 In it all the liberties of the people are restored to 
 the "Judges;" from whom they were taken by Wash- 
 ington. Franklin and Jefferson and the other fathers. 
 For these liberties, these United States came into 
 existence. For these liberties this land was bathed in 
 blood by our fathers. For these liberties my great great 
 grandfather died at Ticonderoga. For these liberties, 
 every pulpit and platform must cry aloud. For these 
 liberties, every home and fireside must become an elec- 
 tion booth to educate the people, that if this be the 
 
The Modern dtp 
 
 19 
 
 law, then that law must be changed, or down will 
 go this Republic into the most merciless despotism the 
 world has ever known. 
 
 The liberties of this people are the axioms of the 
 laiv of Cod, as proclaimed bv Moses and taught b\) 
 Jesus of Nazareth. 
 
 Powers in his preface to the plays of Euripides, 
 says: "Religion is natural to the human mind; and 
 when the early ages sunk to thAt miserable blindness, 
 as to lose sight of the true God, who revealed Himself 
 to their progenitors, they looked up to the Heavens in 
 their blindness and struck with its majesty and the 
 admiration of the universe, supposed the sun and moon 
 to be the eternal and first Gods." 
 
 The voice of antiquity is uniform in this ; the earliest 
 account we have is from the Fragment of Sanchoniatho, 
 which tells us "Aeon and Protagoras in times of drought 
 stretched their hands to the Heavens towards the Sun; 
 for this they esteemed as God the sole lord of the 
 Heaven." Diodorus Siculus says the same thing of the 
 Egyptians, and Herodotus gives us a similar account 
 of the ancient Persians and Libyans ; this Hyde calls 
 the interpolation. And Plato says that the earliest 
 Grecians worshiped the Sun and the Moon, and the 
 Earth and the Stars, and the Heavens, as many bar- 
 barians do now. 
 
 LAW OF GOD IS REGULATED LIBERTY. 
 
 Tully, in the first book of his Tusculan Disputa- 
 tions, arguing for the existence of the soul after death, 
 proves from the pontifical law and the inviolable cere- 
 monies of sepulture that death is not a privation of 
 being, but a . migration of life, which leads illustrious 
 persons to the skies, he instances in Romulus, and says, 
 that Rome derived this opinion from the Grecians; that 
 not only Hercules, Bacchus, Castor and Pollux, Leu- 
 cothea, and their own Matuta, but that even the Dii 
 majorum gentium would be found, by tracing the 
 antiquities of Greece, to have been advanced from mor- 
 tals to be Gods. 
 
 The evolution of liberty, education and enlighten- 
 ment has removed the dross; the chaff has been blown 
 from the wheat. The church, the school and the 
 library have been schools of morality, and lighthouses 
 of intelligence. The story of the Cross, the death and 
 the resurrection, is now accepted as true, except by 
 those who want a little cheap notoriety, and cannot 
 get it any other way than to set up a new creed of 
 
8 The Modern City 
 
 no matter, whether in the jungles of darkest Africa, 
 Yucatan, or at our very doors in the ^ aqui country in 
 Mexico. No matter of what particular character it par- 
 takes, whether it be bodily slavery, financial slavery, 
 toiling slavery, or moral slavery, it cannot have — it shall 
 not have a place to lay its dirty dragon head before the 
 world's civilized public opinion. It is a relic of the 
 past. It cannot exist in the same atmosphere with 
 Liberty and Freedom. Civilized public opinion "is 
 what restrains men from injuring one another and yet, 
 leaves theme free to direct and regulate their own pur- 
 suits of honest endeavor and to provide an honest re- 
 ward for that endeavor." This is the sum total of 
 good government. This is but in its last analysis, the 
 final result of all secular teachings of the lowly 
 Nazarene, tending to fit us for the higher spiritual 
 development. 
 
 MILITARISM BREEDS DESPOTISM. 
 
 The tendency toward militarism, is and ever has been 
 the pathway to despotism. One of the dangers to 
 our peace, liberties and rights, lurkingly lies in the 
 abuse of power; and the toleration by the people of 
 infringement of their constitutional safeguards in the 
 pernicious and detestable practices, that have grown up 
 in the police power. The toleration of the barbaric 
 and despotic disregard of constitutional rights of the 
 citizen, by the police in the "sweating system," the 
 "third degree" and the "blackhole" illegally maintained 
 in American cities, is as dangerous and menacing to 
 the peace, happiness and welfare of a people as are the 
 economic and sociological evils that every right thinking 
 man wants to remedy. 
 
 And the deliberate violation of the rights guaranteed 
 by every State Constitution and the National Constitu- 
 tion, the ritihl to a trial h\) jury and the imprisonment 
 of patriots of industry and peace without such trial, is 
 the most threatening danger that has menaced this Re- 
 public, since the first shot at Fort Sumpter. 
 
 In it all the liberties of the people are restored to 
 the "Judges;" from whom they were taken by Wash- 
 ington. Franklin and Jefferson and the other fathers. 
 For these liberties, these United States came into 
 existence. For these liberties this land was bathed in 
 blood by our fathers. For these liberties my great great 
 grandfather died at Ticonderoga. For these liberties, 
 every pulpit and platform must cry aloud. For these 
 liberties, every home and fireside must become an elec- 
 tion booth to educate the people, that if this be the 
 
The Modem City 
 
 19 
 
 law, then that law must be changed, or down will 
 go this Republic into the most merciless despotism the 
 world has ever known. 
 
 The liberties of this people are the axioms of the 
 law of Cod, as proclaimed by Moses and taught by 
 Jesus of Nazareth. 
 
 Powers in his preface to the plays of Euripides, 
 says: "Religion is natural to the human mind; and 
 when the early ages sunk to thAt miserable bhndness, 
 as to lose sight of the true God, who revealed Himself 
 to their progenitors, they looked up to the Heavens in 
 their blindness and struck with its majesty and the 
 admiration of the universe, supposed the sun and moon 
 to be the eternal and first Gods." 
 
 The voice of antiquity is uniform in this; the earliest 
 account we have is from the Fragment of Sanchoniatho, 
 which tells us "Aeon and Protagoras in times of drought 
 stretched their hands to the Heavens towards the Sun; 
 for this they esteemed as God the sole lord of the 
 Heaven." Diodorus Siculus says the same thing of the 
 Egyptians, and Herodotus gives us a similar account 
 of the ancient Persians and Libyans ; this Hyde calls 
 the interpolation. And Plato says that the earliest 
 Grecians worshiped the Sun and the Moon, and the 
 Earth and the Stars, and the Heavens, as many bar- 
 barians do now. 
 
 LAW OF GOD IS REGULATED LIBERTY. 
 
 Tully, in the first book of his Tusculan Disputa- 
 tions, arguing for the existence of the soul after death, 
 proves from the pontifical law and the inviolable cere- 
 monies of sepulture that death is not a privation of 
 being, but a . migration of life, which leads illustrious 
 persons to the skies, he instances in Romulus, and says, 
 that Rome derived this opinion from the Grecians; that 
 not only Hercules, Bacchus, Castor and Pollux, Leu- 
 cothea, and their own Matuta, but that even the Dii 
 majorum gentium would be found, by tracing the 
 antiquities of Greece, to have been advanced from mor- 
 tals to be Gods. 
 
 The evolution of liberty, education and enlighten- 
 ment has removed (he dross; the chaff has been blown 
 from the wheat. The church, the school and the 
 library have been schools of morality, and lighthouses 
 of intelligence. The story of the Cross, the death and 
 the resurrection, is now accepted as true, except by 
 those who want a little cheap notoriety, and cannot 
 get it any other way than to set up a new creed of 
 
22 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 indifference and carelessness of ihe farmer, the orchard 
 has been Gophered. 
 
 The gopher is a little sleek, underground worker, 
 who burrows his runways through devious and dark 
 alleys, and often the only evidence of his underground 
 op)erations is a little pile of dirt, a long way from the 
 point of his operation. He lives, thrives and fattens 
 off the succulent juices of the roots of trees, and some- 
 times it is a long while before the baneful effect of his 
 well-concealed work is noticed on the splendid foliage 
 and fruit of the orchard. And if that sleek-coated 
 tricky underground worker is not soon caught, the 
 tap-root of the tree will be cut off as clean as you 
 could cut it with a knife, and the tree will be destroyed 
 
 There is not a city in America where the public 
 conscience has not been "gophered" by the sleek-coated, 
 smooth, tricky, wily underground political burrower of 
 civic government. You may not know who he is in 
 this community. If you do not, I will tell you where 
 you are most likely to find him. We found him in 
 Los Angeles in the Mayor's office. We found hin". 
 in the office of Chief of Police. We found him on 
 the Police Commission, and we found a lot of little 
 sleek-coated burrowers of civic government in the Cily 
 Council, on the Board of Supervisors, and in the garret 
 of the Courthouse; and we found them representing 
 the utility corporations; the gas, light and heat and 
 power companies, and the street railway companies, each 
 keep one employed; and they all formed a perfect 
 machine to manipulate the primaries and conventions; 
 they named the legislative and law-enforcing and law- 
 construing ofhcers. to prevent the interests they repre- 
 sented from being injured or robbed by the public. 
 
 THE PUBLIC CONSCIENCE. 
 
 The public conscience, like a bad little boy, has been 
 looking for some means of amusement and profit, with- 
 out being caught, and if caught, for a means of justifi- 
 cation. It has found both. It has amused itself by 
 licensing what it did not dare to tolerate, and profited 
 by wanton violations of every right of God and man 
 in franchise and special privilege enactment, to create 
 and satisfy public opinion. The public conscience has 
 been defiled until tolerance of evil has justified license. 
 License paid for and satisfied public opinion. 
 
 I say without fear of successful contradiction that 
 it has been the successful civic corruption that has 
 engendered legislative and private corruption. It is 
 the lust for gold and commercialism just as of old. that 
 
The Modern Cit\) 
 
 23 
 
 has filled the jails and penitentiaries for the last twenty 
 years. It has been the successful business dishonesty 
 in high places that has beguiled the trusted employee 
 into the arena of speculative chances with his honor 
 and his life, for money to make good that which they 
 stole and could not replace, like their more adroit and 
 successful undetected compatriots in crime and marked 
 the wrecks in prison sentences and suicides and mur- 
 ders. It is lust for gold and special privilege in civic 
 government, farming out the public necessities of the 
 people to the special interests in our cities, that enables 
 the speculating bond-shylock and the banker to make 24 
 per cent, while the laborer and farmer are forced to 
 toil to make only 3 per cent, that has debased the 
 public conscience. 
 
 IMMENSITY OF CITY. 
 
 And when you think and are forced to realize, that 
 it takes the entire population of New England or all 
 the states west of the Missouri River to make one New 
 \ ork City; and that of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, 
 Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and 
 Arizona, to make one Chicago; or Utah, Nevada, 
 Arizona and Wyoming to make one San Francisco, you 
 begin to have some faint conception of the virtues to 
 be nurtured and the vices to be controlled in a great 
 city. 
 
 To govern a modern city is a very different thing 
 from governing the cities of old. They were mere 
 congeries, or provinces, with a frugal and industrious 
 population, scattered over great areas, with diversified oc- 
 cupations, and fixed places of abode, while our great 
 cities of today are the dumping ground of the Slav, 
 the Hindu, Italian and Yiddish pauper labor, brought 
 into the country by the steamship lines owned and dom- 
 inated by the "Interests" in contrast to the splendid 
 type of Scandinavian, Irish or German, who a few 
 years ago came to acquire homes on the soil. 
 
 The city of today dominates the country. For the 
 first time in the history of the country, the next census 
 will show a majority population in the cities. In 
 them are the newspapers, the colleges, schools of art 
 and sciences, the great teachers and preachers, and 
 theaters of action and inaction. The places of amuse- 
 ment and instruction, and the places of degradation and 
 destruction. And they are all dominated by one great 
 force, that steals through special privilege, and returns 
 through college, university and civic control. Disguise 
 it as we may, such is the character of our cities of today. 
 
24 The Modern Ci/p 
 
 NO CITY WITHOUT GRAFT 
 
 I make the bold statement that there is not a city 
 in the United States that is free from graft in its civic 
 government. 
 
 The promotion and over-capitaHzation of pubhc serv- 
 ice corporations is Craft. 
 
 The operation of pubhc utiHties that belong to all 
 the people, by private interests, is Graft, pure and simple. 
 
 Not until the city is granted sovereign power to pro- 
 tect itself in every way and emergency, by the Initiative, 
 Referendum, and Recall, and Direct Primary, or some 
 other means more forceful, will American cities be able 
 to get out from under the thraldom of legislative action 
 conceived and executed by the powerful influences that 
 control the legislative councils. 
 
 The great fortunes that have been amassed through 
 valuable franchises, — the two decades of political cor- 
 ruption, the abasement of civic virtue, and now the colos- 
 sal control by combination of railway transportation with 
 urban and interurban city railway transportation facilities, 
 in all our great cities, and the refusal to extend street 
 railway facilities because of the limited life of franchises, 
 proves conclusively that the city must have sovereign 
 power to prevent and destroy such combinations and 
 force such extensions as the governing power — the peo- 
 ple — may deem necessary for the public good ; and to 
 do every other necessary thing, without being compelled 
 to go to a legislature owned and controlled by these 
 forces, and await its action, often too late to prevent 
 the acquisition of "vested wrongs." 
 
 Every city should have the right to say to every street 
 railway company and every other public utility corpora- 
 tion that refuses to extend its lines or service. "Here is 
 the right of way and franchise; you extend that utility 
 and operate it to meet the demands of the public, or we 
 will forfeit your franchise." 
 
 The citizens of a city should not be "held up" by 
 quasi-public corporations, no more than they should be 
 held in by the road-agent. 
 
 THE "HOLD-UP" AND TRUST EVIL IN 
 CIVIC GOVERNMENT. 
 
 All men agree that Citizenship and the Home are the 
 very heart and lungs and backbone of a republican form 
 of government; and that the security and strength of a 
 Democracy lie in the unsullied home. Therefore, any 
 institution that strikes at the home strikes a blow at 
 government. 
 
The Modern Ciiv 
 
 25 
 
 And right here will you permit me to digress, to ask 
 a question and answer it. What is the greatest force 
 in the purity and elevation of the home? A perfect wife- 
 hood and motherhood. 
 
 If so much depends on the wife and mother, do you 
 not think that the woman who is good enough to be 
 the mother of your children and the preserver of the 
 sanctity of your home, is good enough to vote? Do you 
 not think that the woman who is good enough and big 
 enough to preside over the destiny of your child during 
 its tender years, and shape and mould its tendencies; and 
 is brave and courageous enough to assist and co-operate 
 with you in the battles of life, is big enough to vote? 
 
 The denial of the saving grace of Jesus Christ; 
 the divorce evil; ignorance of domestic and marital 
 duties; the gambling evil, whisky, and the Trust, are 
 each contesting for supremacy in destruction of the 
 American home. And while I think that whisky is the 
 most debasing and far-reaching in its baneful influence 
 on mankind, the Trust is fast gaining first place in 
 ascendency. It has made the cost of living so high in 
 our cities that it is actually a dangerous undertaking for 
 a wage-earner to seriously think of providing for a wife 
 and children. It has become so serious that in many 
 cities divorces and deaths outnumber marriages and 
 births. Some have charged to race-suicide what should 
 be properly charged to the Trust. 
 
 TRUSTS IN CIVIC GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The great trouble with the American people is that 
 they only think of the Trust as a National Calamity, 
 when in truth and in fact the hundred and one Trusts 
 in Civic Government are more effective in increasing 
 the burdens of Modern City Life. 
 
 The Political Trust, that demands party loyalty and 
 fealty, deprives you of the best in government — You see 
 that exemplified in the fact that a great newspaper 
 will stoop so low in corrupting a city in its brazen dis- 
 regard of the welfare of the citizens as to support and 
 advise the people to support the most abject machine 
 tools for Civic Government, in preference to patriots and 
 statesmen. 
 
 The only reasonable and logical conclusion from such 
 wanton disregard of civic decency is that some one has 
 been well greased to make such a slide. Such prac- 
 tices enable the machine to fatten off corruption, and 
 permit vice to run, as it was lately run in Los Angeles, 
 cither under blood-money-police-protection, or without 
 molestation, or m partnership with those who control it. 
 
26 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 Every economist and every President that has occu- 
 pied the White House has denounced this evil. Roose- 
 velt says: "The worst evils that affect our local gov- 
 ernments arise from and are the inevitable result of 
 mixing up of the city affairs with the party politics of 
 the nation and the state. The lines upon which national 
 parties divide have no necessary connection with the 
 busmess of the city ; such connections open the way to 
 countless schemes of plunder and civic corruption." 
 
 PUBLIC UTILITIES IN POLITICS. 
 
 The Banking Trust, controlled from the head office 
 in New York, under the name of the conciliating Clear- 
 ing House, gambles in stocks and bonds, and when they 
 get stung they close their doors, refuse to give you your 
 own money, and if you go to make a fuss about it, 
 they get their Governor to declare holidays, and issue 
 scrip in violation of the law, that if one of you so 
 violated, you would spend the rest of your natural life 
 in the penitentiary. 
 
 If you have only one Gas Company robbing .you, and 
 you talk of a Municipal Gas Co., the bankers incorpo- 
 rate another "Citizens Gas Co.," get a valuable fran- 
 chise, occupy the other half of the street, issue ten million 
 dollars worth of stock and five million of bonds, and 
 then consolidate, or enter into a community of interest 
 contract, and you get less and worse gas, and more 
 hot air than before, for more money. 
 
 If one Telephone Company makes you swear so that 
 you are cited to appear before the board of deacons. 
 the old company will get the bankers to organize a 
 Home Company, and then you swear tn>ice, and pay 
 /D'lVe, when you only swore and paid once. 
 
 If the ice man gives you thirty pounds for fifty, the 
 Bankers organize another Ice Company, and they con- 
 solidate, or one of them "works" Pico Heights and 
 Westlake, while the other poaches in Boyle Heights 
 and Garvanza. 
 
 If the Street Railway Company is in danger of being 
 municipalized, it is turned over to the Southern Pacific 
 Company, that names the Aldermen, Supervisors, District 
 Attorney, Legislators, Judges, Senators and Justices of 
 the Peace and Constables. 
 
 And if only one Power and Light Company is in 
 existence, a half dozen more are organized by the 
 same bunch of Bankers, and the President of the bank 
 that loans the money on the stocks or bonds goes on 
 the Bench, and the President of the clearing house 
 resigns and becomes a member of the City Council, to 
 
The Modern City 27 
 
 protect the finance committee from becoming too indus- 
 trious about the amount of stocks and bonds that are 
 in existence. 
 
 La Follette says: "Depew holds 107 directorates, 
 but didn't have enough money to buy stock enough to 
 entitle him to one." 
 
 1 hat\ Nothing. The City Council or Board of 
 Public Works let a contract to feed all the men on 
 the aqueduct at 25 cents a meal, and the contractor 
 didn't have enough money to buy the skillets and pans 
 to furnish the kitchens in one camp. But the Whole- 
 salers Board of Trade — backed by the bankers, had 
 plenty of money (just as the banks and Rocke- 
 feller had in the case of Depew) and they are 
 making $250,000 a year out of furnishing meals 
 to hungry men, that cost 1 3 3-8 cents, for Tu'en/p- 
 ^ve Cents.' And the wholesalers Board of Trade 
 seeing what a good thing one little contract is, 
 organize and co-operate with the Liberal Alliance- 
 Royal-Arch-Saloon-Graft-Bagnio-Bunch, below the 
 dead line, and shame Heaven and outdo Hell in a 
 carnival of indecency at Turner Hall, to elect their 
 old "faithful" bookkeeper to the office of Mayor, so 
 they can get a few more soft snaps. 
 
 THE ROYAL ARCH. 
 
 I knew a Mayor of a city not a thousand miles 
 from Los Angeles, who pledged his sacred honor in 
 my office that he was not controlled by the Machine, 
 and was not the candidate of the Royal Arch, and for 
 whom I nearly holloed my head off in automobiles 
 on street corners until midnight, for a week, to elect 
 him to office, upon his representations that he would 
 give the city a good, clean business administration. 
 And within three weeks he turned the entire admin- 
 istration, city and all, over to the Machine and the 
 saloon element of the city, and dragged citizenship 
 down to the lowest level possible; had his picture taken, 
 and was later recalled for betrayal of his trust. Within 
 three months after his election he and his banker friends 
 bought stock in a packing company, and all the butchers 
 and restaurants bought their meats. Seeing that was 
 a good thing, they incorporated oil companies, and the 
 cabinet officers sold their stock to the underworld. 
 
 In that same city the Mayor and his Chief of 
 Police, and the Head of his Police Commission, re- 
 created and re-established, in open violation and defiance 
 of law, a corral, or police-protected garden of licen- 
 tiousness, where frail virtue was bartered for gold, to 
 
28 The Modern City 
 
 buy their oil stocks and insurance policies. A place 
 that had been once destroyed and wiped out of exist- 
 ence at midnight by the righteous indignation of the 
 perfect womanhood of that city. 
 
 These Royal Arch-Saloon-Machine-Controlled de- 
 stroyers of Government and Civic Virtue, and dealers 
 in "white slavery," were actually proven to have re- 
 ceived a division of the spoils from this frightful, un- 
 speakable traffic. 
 
 I know a city where the \vater commissioners organ- 
 ized a water company just outside of the city and 
 floated stock and bonds, and with their banker friends 
 organized an underwriting company to guarantee the 
 bonds; and then a contract was entered into between 
 the officers of the water company and the water com- 
 missioners to exchange two million gallons of water 
 daily. But the water company only had capacity to 
 lift 450,000 gallons of water; but a httle matter Hke 
 that made no difference. For three years this inequit- 
 able, unholy exchange went on, until I brought a law- 
 suit and it was stopped bv the courts. Now the terri- 
 tory supplied and controlled bv this particular water 
 company is to be admitted to citizenship upon the con- 
 dition that it is compelled to take its water from the 
 same nyater companii for three or four pears more. 
 
 Just watch them unload it onto the city ! 
 
 WHY SHOULD CITY PAY? 
 
 The Auditor's report for the current year, shows 
 that street sprinkling in Los Angeles cost .$126,468. 
 Easily two-thirds of this is done on streets where there 
 are street car lines. 
 
 In other cities, notably Seattle, the street railways 
 operate a street sprinkling car on their tracks at their 
 own expense. 
 
 If this were done in Los Angeles it would save 
 the city and taxpayers, on the same basis as last year, 
 $84,312.00. Just a little item for the Good Govern- 
 ment Council to save! 
 
 AN INSTANCE IN POINT. 
 
 I know of a city where the Southern Pacific City 
 Council, had such zealous regard for its superiors that 
 just before it went out of business it passed an ordinance 
 establishing and naming the personnel of a com- 
 mission to handle all the public utilities (except 
 the railway companies street railways) , which in- 
 cluded all the prospective power, light and heat for 
 
The Modern Cit^ 29 
 
 domestic and industrial use in said city. The people's 
 Mayor — a Recall Mayor, by the way — vetoed it to 
 protect the rights of the people; but the "faithful" 
 Machine Council passed it over his veto. Thank God, 
 their unholy purpose was later nullified by the Initiative 
 and Referendum! 
 
 GOPHERS IN LOS ANGELES. 
 
 The City and County's annual rental bill is $75,000; 
 or six per cent on $1,250,000. While a building 
 could be built on the vacant lot adjoining the City Hall, 
 for $100,000 that would house every office now farmed 
 out to the Landlords. 
 
 We found the Water Department, the Aqueduct 
 Commission, the Justices of the Peace, the Law and 
 Public Library, the City and District Attorney's office, 
 the Coroner and the Board of Education, the Super- 
 intendent of Schools, the County Surveyor and 
 Assessor, and various other departments of government 
 on Ti)heels, to furnish tenants to faithful Machine land- 
 lords. 
 
 We found 120 saloon licenses out of the 200 
 controlled by the breweries, and three "dummies" hold- 
 ing thirty licenses. 
 
 We found gophers in the District Attorney's office 
 and in the Grand Jury room when the investigations 
 began. 
 
 Everywhere we found him he was the same "Rosen- 
 baum, the Soldier." 
 
 We found him turning the Democratic Club head- 
 quarters into a gambling hell, and operating a saloon 
 and madhouse on the floors above. 
 
 We found him collecting blood-money from vice and 
 distributing it in a wholesale whisky house, from where 
 it found its way to the banquet-board and the pockets 
 of higher-ups. 
 
 We found him running cigar stores, with the poker 
 room and roulette-wheels in the rear. 
 
 We found him sending duplicate padded accounts 
 to be O. K.'d with the rubber stamp. 
 
 We found him as street, sewer, concrete and asphalt 
 pavement contractors and inspectors. 
 
 We found him as deputy license tax collector, allow- 
 ing his friends to escape the payment of licenses. 
 
 We found him in the Police and Sheriff's office, rent- 
 ing property for imm.oral purposes. 
 
 We caught him m the act of giving away the river- 
 bed franchise, the land alone being worth five Million 
 Dollars. 
 
30 The Modern Citv 
 
 We caught him making $15,000 profit out of one 
 lot sold to the City for a Fire Station. We found 
 him in the garret and in the basement, and opposite 
 the entrance of the Courthouse. We found him 
 shaving juror and city employee's salary warrants. We 
 found him everywhere there was a chance to graft. We 
 trapped them in the RECALL TRAP. 
 
 These Gophers breed everywhere, in every city. 
 There are big Gophers and little Gophers. In New- 
 York they are bigger than they are tarther West. . It 
 is probably because it is nearer the gettmg-off place, 
 and there are more of them, and more chance for them 
 to trade ; but they are all the same breed and brand. 
 You can spot them the minute you get your eye on 
 them. 
 
 In New York they syndicate the insurance companies, 
 the money, the banks, and railroads; the steel and coal 
 and copper; the express and telegraph and telephone 
 and street railway corporations; and the public utility 
 and water powers all over America. And they pay 
 particular attention to the Congress and the Senate of 
 the United States. 
 
 While out West they only syndicate the primaries 
 and conventions, and offices and office holders; partic- 
 ularly the chairmanships of the Republican and Dem- 
 ocratic State, County and City Central Committees; 
 paying particular attention to the Assessor, Prosecuting 
 Attorneys and Judges, so they wont be injured by the 
 "longhairs," as they call the people who want decent 
 City Government, observance of law, and Christian 
 righteousness. 
 
 You will find them here, in this city, now, burrowing 
 the public conscience in vaudeville levity and cheap 
 theatrical licentiousness. I hey now i un the theaters 
 and picture shows, and educate your young men and 
 young women with reproductions of the clever decep- 
 tions of the unfaithful husband and wife; the general- 
 ship and cunning of the burglar cracking the safe, and 
 his adroit and successful deception of the police; and 
 lastly, they reproduce the prize-fight that is prohibited 
 by statute, for the instruction and edification of present- 
 day American citizenship. 
 
 Disguise it as you may, tolerate it as you are doing, 
 and then wonder why frail virtue and moral depravity 
 exist ; but such is the work of the present day Gophers 
 of Society and City Government in most of our Ameri- 
 can cities. 
 
 These, are but a few of the things that the best 
 citizenship, the manhood and womanhood of the 
 
The Modern Cit^ 31 
 
 Modern City, is, and always will be. comp>elled to 
 meet, oppose and keep in subjection and control. 
 
 CONSERVATION. 
 
 LOCKING THE STABLE AFTER THIRTY 
 YEARS OF PLUNDER. 
 
 The stealing of Five Million acres of timber land 
 under an Act of Congress establishing Forest Reserves; 
 and the stealing of Fifteen Billion tons of coal, and 
 Fifty Billion tons of copper, and more oil land m 
 Alaska than there is in California, under an Act of 
 Congress, passed while the Governors were in session 
 as a Conservation Congress, — and all this done under 
 the last two administrations, so Senator Guggenheim and 
 Senator Aldnch and Senator Rockefeller and Senator 
 Carnegie and Senator Stillman and Senator Keuhn, 
 Loeb & Co., and Senator Morgan may get back their 
 election donations, regulate the volume of money, and 
 make panics to order, and run the banks and busmess 
 and government of the Nation, do not strike so directly 
 at the morality of the home and fireside of the Modern 
 City as the ones I have heretofore described to you. 
 
 Senator La Follette of Wisconsin, the Daniel Web- 
 ster of the United States Senate of today, said, in a 
 recent speech at my home city. Los Angeles, "that 97 
 men governed the various boards of directors consti- 
 tuting and controlling every important line of business 
 and industry in the United States. There are two all- 
 powerful groups of banks, one, the Standard Oil, the 
 other the Morgan, and these groups are not hostile by 
 any means. They control the richest, most powerful 
 banks and trust companies, not only of New York, but 
 of every financial center and large city in the United 
 States. 
 
 "Sixty-two men constitute the boards of directors of 
 these two groups of banks. The banking credits of 
 the country are concentrated in the hands of these few 
 men, who are not bankers, but arc in the banl(ing 
 business for speculation." 
 
 THE WORLD'S CURSE. 
 
 The accursed fictilious watering of stocks and wanton 
 inequitable issuance of bonds, — or cutting of melons, or 
 more properly the cutting of felonies, disclose that the 
 economic principle of resistence to the absorption of 
 wealth, IS the paramount economic issue that confronts 
 the common people of every city of the world. And 
 
32 The Modern City 
 
 until this iniquity is successfully run to cover, by oblitera- 
 tion of party blindness and party fealty and displaced 
 by municipal ownership and governmental control of 
 the public necessities of the people; and kept out of 
 civic government by the Initiative, Referendum and 
 Recall, the people will continue to be the fishing ground 
 for the money power. 
 
 Los Angeles has suffered from it. And is getting 
 out from under, — and today 
 
 LOS ANGELES IS THE MODEL MODERN 
 CITY OF AMERICA. 
 
 It is first in government, in America; and is the only 
 city in America with sovereign power. It is the first 
 city in America to adopt the complete system of the 
 Initiative, Referendum and Recall; — and the Direct 
 Primary. 
 
 These, each represent, and are. Sovereign Power. 
 
 The Initiative means to initiate law; to rtart a law 
 by petition ; voting for laws upon petition. 
 
 Referendum means to refer the subject matter to the 
 people ; that is, preventing the passage of harmful laws 
 by {petition. 
 
 The Recall means just what the word implies. — 
 recalling officers who betray the people; recalling an 
 officer or discharging him. just as an employer would 
 discharge an unfaithful servant. It is, in short, the 
 exercise of Sovereign Power. 
 
 The Direct Primary is voting for persons for office, 
 and not voting for tickets, as Republican or Democratic, 
 but voting for men, — sane Representative Government. 
 
 The adoption by Los Angeles of the Initiative, Ref- 
 erendum and Recall, and the Direct Primary, and their 
 most successful practical operation in lifting the city 
 out of the filth of civic debasement onto the very 
 highest plane of moral civic government, and making it 
 the pride of the city's best citizenship, and the emula- 
 tion of every city in America, has blazed a pathway 
 through the jungled forest of the vilest machinations of 
 man, for every city in America to follow. 
 
 It is a torch, a beacon light, a new Goddess of Lib- 
 erty, enlightening the world ol Modern Civic Civiliza- 
 tion, that will shine on. and on. and illumine and elec- 
 trify every patriotic citizen of America to defend with 
 his ballot and his life, the sacred liberties of the coun- 
 try for which the fathers bled and died, and restore Gov- 
 ernment to the people. 
 
 Thank God! The days of the Machine Gang — 
 Morris. Goings. Cohen, Summerfield, Savage and 
 
The Modern Cit^ 33 
 
 Vacher, the Dog Catcher — running political conventions 
 for the Southern Pacific to name Councilmen, Assessors 
 and Mayors, are at an end. And when we extend it to 
 the County and State affairs, as we will, and as it 
 should be, the State and County Machine, the Monroe- 
 Fredericks-Summerfield and Big-Three Supervisors Oli- 
 garchy at the County Courthouse will be a thing of the 
 past. "Hail, fall of fury! Reign of Reason, All 
 Hail!". 
 
 Let the slogan be: "On to New High street and the 
 BAS-STEAL!" 
 
 APPOINTMENTS PUBLICLY POSTED. 
 
 And there must be no temporizing with this system 
 against the Machine! 
 
 The mere transfer of authority and power from one 
 wing or clique, or faction of the old Machine crowd 
 to another, will not satisfy an aroused and indignant 
 public conscience, nor accomplish the desired result cf 
 Good Government in fact. Simply, to put one bank 
 crowd out of power, and exchange the executive and 
 administrative offices to the friends of another depositary 
 of the Machine may blind the people a little while; 
 but it will not restore government to the people, nor 
 protect their sacred rights in transportation, harbor or 
 utility from possible invasion. 
 
 An honest executive, if he be not alert to the wiles of 
 men, and insidious cunnmg of corporate "gophers," may 
 be imposed upon to select receptive candidates, for mere 
 honorary positions, that carry with them great power 
 and authority, that meet with hearty approval and im- 
 mediate confirmation from the Machine. 
 
 As a safeguard against impositions, all appointments 
 should be publicly posted (as they are in all well regu- 
 lated organizations) and the public given an opportunity, 
 before confirmation, to pass judgment upon the pro- 
 posed ; as well as upon the environments, interests and 
 influences surrounding him. For, as Jefferson truly says: 
 "All know the influence of interest on the mind of 
 man, and how unconsciously his judgment is warped 
 by that influence." 
 
 To crush the Machine, is not the most difficult prob- 
 lem in civic government. The most difficult problems 
 of revolutions are, not only the restoration, but the 
 preservation of rights and liberties. Hence, to preserve, 
 inviolably to the people the blessings of the Initiative 
 Referendum and Recall and the Direct Primary, every 
 citizen must be a patriot, and every patriot must be 
 on guard. 
 
34 The Modern Cit\) 
 
 \^hat the Initiative, Referendum and Recall and 
 Direct Primary did with only one application against 
 the "Gophers," it will do again on the "fat fryers" at 
 the Court House. 
 
 As M. de Chateaubriand said, "The discovery of 
 the system of the representative republic, is one of the 
 greatest political events that ever occurred," and Edward 
 Everett says, "It is not one of the greatest, but it is 
 the greatest." I say, the discovery and enactment into 
 law of the system of the Initiative, Referendum and 
 Recall, and Direct Primary, to bring representative gov- 
 ernment back to the people, is the greatest political 
 event in civicism that has occurred in a century and 
 a quarter of the world's history. 
 
 Maurice Francis Egan says: "There are some living 
 lovers of the Latin tongue, who hold that the Roman 
 Empire existed only that the language of Cicero might 
 be born." 
 
 If Los Angeles does no more for the world than 
 to revive the Initiative, Referendum and Recall and 
 bring government back to the people, the City of the 
 Angels will have fulfilled her mission. 
 
 THE STATE'S SHAME. 
 
 Do you suppose for a moment that the bribe-takers 
 and the bribe-givers in San Francisco, would have 
 laughed at justice and gone scot-free if that city 
 had had the sovereign power to try and convict and 
 sentence and keep the sentence in operation? Think 
 you for a moment, those crimes would have been com- 
 mitted if that city had had sovereign power? Think 
 you that the political treacheries to our state and our 
 great cities would have occurred if the cities in which 
 they were perpetrated had had sovereign power? Do you 
 think the brazen effrontery of the Santa Cruz conven- 
 tion and the photograph of the Governor of the State of 
 California with his hand resting on the shoulder of the 
 central figure — the corruptionist, Reuf — surrounded by 
 the attorneys and political brokers and agents of the 
 Southern Pacific Railway, would have taken place, 
 or been taken at all, if the Recall had been in existence 
 in the State, to punish such brazen law-defiance? 
 
 HARBORS BLOCKADED. 
 
 Do you think that your harbors would now be 
 blockaded commercially, and your coast line from San 
 Diego to British Columbia would have been seized by 
 the railroads, so that you cannot land a ship without 
 
The Modern Cit]) 33 
 
 paying them tribute, if the cities had sovereign power? 
 Do you think your streets and highways and hghting and 
 heating and power franchises would have been stolen or 
 frittered away if your city had sovereign power to have 
 them canceled and returned to the people for fraud; 
 and had sovereign power to punish the parties to their 
 giving and taking? 
 
 What is true in California, is true in Oregon and 
 nearly every state and city in the Union. 
 
 Ridpath says: "There is not a city in the United 
 States today in which the citizens best fitted to discharge 
 the duties of office are not thrust in the background and 
 civic government is deprived of an enlightened public ser- 
 vice by the corrupt office-seekers and office-getters, whose 
 only qualification are their effectiveness and skill in the 
 management of the party engine and their blind and 
 selfish support of those from whose hands the appointive 
 offices are to fall." A cursory examination of those 
 holding offices in San Francisco and Los Angeles Coun- 
 ties, discloses that Mr. Ridpath knew exactly what he 
 was talking about. 
 
 The reason for this is plain. The good people, the 
 high-minded citizenship of the municipalities sat idly by 
 and allowed the Machine — the fellows below the dead 
 line — the whisky element, if you please — the Royal 
 Arch and the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, to 
 manipulate and control government. 
 
 And just as the waters of the mountain stream, or 
 the purest drops from heaven will become stagnant 
 and fX)llute everything they touch, so will unbridled 
 lust and riches pollute the stream of life and morals 
 and destroy character. 
 
 THE MODERN CITY'S CIVIC NECESSITIES. 
 
 With modern advancement and achievement and the 
 demands for the newest and best in business methods, 
 transportation, communication, education, health and 
 pleasure, new duties have arisen and grown out of the 
 new necessities. 
 
 In addition to the most modern means of transporta- 
 tion, the Modern City where congestion becomes great, 
 demands the most modern paved streets, street-railways, 
 harbors, docks and quays, railroad terminals, canals, 
 telephones, water systems, gas and electric light, heat 
 and power systems, conduit systems, markets, slaughter 
 houses, public baths, playgrounds, parks, conservatories 
 of art, free dispensaries, museums, schools and colleges 
 of civic and domestic science, theaters, municipal bands, 
 cemeteries and crematories; a civic commission to arbi- 
 
 ■< 
 
36 The Modern Ci'/p 
 
 trate and assess damages in cases of accident in all 
 public utilities; also a system of registration, so that 
 the city may know every stranger within its gates. 
 
 Its public and private business demands an Industrial 
 Commission and Arbitration Board, to fix wage scales 
 and prevent lockouts and strikes and the arbitrary 
 destruction of the earnmg power of its people. 
 As the business man, the merchant and banker demand 
 the right to transact their business at a reasonable profit 
 without undue interference, so has the wage-earner the 
 right to demand the right and opportunity to labor at 
 a wage that will give him a reasonable profit for his labor, 
 without being locked out by arbitrary demands or inter- 
 ference by the employer. 
 
 If the willing toiler cannot find employment, he must 
 of necessity become an idler and idleness breeds drunken- 
 ness and vice, want and civic debasement. 
 
 The city that furnishes employment for its willing 
 toilers, will have fewer charities to maintain and fewer 
 prisoners to convict and support ; fewer prosecutors and 
 courts to provide for, and fewer judges to pay. 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS AND NARCOTIC 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 A properly mamtamed tuberculosis hospital in the 
 country and a well-conducted inebriate and narcotic insti- 
 tute, farm or asylum ought to be self-supporting; and 
 would be abreast of the times, curing the unfortunate 
 and afflicted, instead of robbing and punishing them 
 with a system that must of necessity repeat itself with 
 increased brutality. 
 
 Efficient self-civic government must necessarily include 
 each and all of these, otherwise it is not self-govern- 
 ment; but private exploitation, if th'ese civic necessities 
 and duties are farmed out to private individuals or 
 private corporations. It is but civic government in name, 
 and special interest in fact. It is special privilege to 
 the special interests that gain control of these inherent 
 civic duties and responsibilities, to the cost and damage 
 of the people. 
 
 It is no more, nor less, than embezzlement of power 
 for commercialism. And commercialism breeds paup>er- 
 ism. 
 
 A city is not made by men. nor by special interests. 
 A city is an evolution, evolved from the increment fol- 
 lowing and as a matter of course flowing from the neces- 
 sities and close communion and business relations of a 
 congregation of individual units of society. The his- 
 tory of the world has proven to most men, that a demo- 
 
The Modern Cil^ 37 
 
 cratic form of government, as enjoyed by this and other 
 Repubhcs, is the best that has been evolved or devised. 
 And to permit special privilege in things that belong 
 to all the people alike, is a denial of the basic principle 
 of democratic government and breeds classification and 
 caste and pauperism and in the last analysis, anarchy. 
 It is this special privilege and classification and caste 
 in our cities, that have produced the civic corruption; 
 and the great unequal ex^aordinary fortunes and the 
 present unrest, — the true progenitors of socialism and 
 anarchy. 
 
 EVILS OF SPECIAL PRIVILEGE. 
 
 To think that because of special privilege in two 
 necessary commodities, iron and oil, two men within 
 my memory, nay within my active political life, — thirty 
 years, have built up fortunes more colossal than all the 
 Kings of all the world ever dreamed; and are now en- 
 gaged in disseminating their doctrines of special privi- 
 lege in government, in our libraries and colleges; and yet 
 be forced to realize, as Professor Fairlie says, "that 
 our common schools are teaching nothing about civil 
 government," is the most convincing proof that the in- 
 equality of privilege is the mightiest menacing danger 
 confronting this Republic. 
 
 The greatest danger does not lie in the acquisition 
 and absorption of this enormous wealth, but it is in 
 the frightful, crippling calamity that must of necessity 
 be inherited by posterity. What is true of iron and 
 oil, is true of transportation, not only on your railroads 
 but through your streets. 
 
 Your coast line has been seized from within to pre- 
 vent competition from without. Fifteen years ago, when 
 in the Legislature of the State of Washington, I pointed 
 out to the people, that the Northern Pacific and the 
 Hill lines had gained control of every foot of coast 
 line on Puget Sound. What was done then in the 
 State of Washington, has been done in the States of 
 Oregon and California by the Southern Pacific, until 
 every city on the Pacific Coast is practically at the 
 mercy of the transportation monopolies to the extent 
 of a hundred million excessive freight charges annually. 
 
 What has been done in this regard has been system- 
 atically done in every city on the coast in securing fran- 
 chises over your streets ; gas, light, heat and power 
 franchises everywhere. And strange as it may appear, 
 those who are now talking loudest for conservation, or 
 holloing "stop thief," have been the "practical" men, 
 who have enjoyed the emoluments and benefits of pub- 
 
38 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 lie office, through the agencies that have stolen these 
 valuable assets. 
 
 The men who have obtained these great con- 
 cessions, franchises and special advantages are not 
 venal at heart. The man who gives away, one 
 or ten, or a hundred million is not venal. He has 
 simply taken advantage of a well recognized policy of 
 government — special privilege; — the tariff, voted for and 
 supported by a debased public conscience for thirty 
 years; and in returning a part of that which he knows 
 does not rightfully belong to him, to educate the people 
 further along the lines of special privilege, he is not 
 so much a public benefactor, as he is a sharp, shrewd, 
 cunning, crafty business man who "permit no one to 
 make a profit out of my business if I can help it." He 
 is in the business of regarding the public resources and 
 public necessities as his preserves and proper exploita- 
 tion ground. 
 
 With the sharp, keen, crafty business methods 
 of the Shylock bond-broker and stock-manipulator 
 on one side, and the loose, pliant, inexperienced 
 and willing-to-be seduced public official on the other, 
 and with a polluted public conscience behind them, is 
 it any wonder that all the rivulets of commerce are 
 flowing into the treasuries of the interests? 
 
 I say to you, that you might as well try to dam up 
 Niagara without stoppmg the supply of water, as to 
 try to stop graft without changing the conditions. As 
 long as you continue to work and vote to tax your- 
 selves to let the other fellow make a profit without 
 working, graft will exist. 
 
 If the city is rotten, then a majority of its citizens 
 are rotten, or your government is a living he. 
 
 When Rockefeller stated, "that he never allowed 
 anyone to make a profit out of his business if he could 
 help it," he simply announced a mighty good principle 
 of business for the public business. Operate and con- 
 duct cities on these lines and you will not be farm- 
 ing out all your public utilities. 
 
 EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE. 
 
 Birmingham thirty years ago took control of its gas 
 works and has operated them successfully ever since. 
 Increasing the efficiency and decreasing the cost. Bir- 
 mingham would no more go back to the private ownership 
 of gas, than you would go back to the private owner- 
 ship of your water system. 
 
 What IS true in Birmingham, is true in Glasgow, 
 Liverpool. Vienna, Berlin, Budapest, Munich, Naples, 
 
The Modern Citv 39 
 
 Venice, Leipsic and every continental city, not only with 
 their gas, but they all own or operate their street railways, 
 water, electric plants, slaughter houses, markets, hos- 
 pitals, bands, museums, homes for the aged. In truth 
 and in fact, they perform all their functions of govern- 
 ment. 
 
 What private corporation would think of farming 
 out its best means of revenue, or its best necessities 
 to some stockholder of the corporation to make a profit 
 for his private benefit at the expense of the corporation? 
 Should it do so, the law of every state in the Union 
 would nullify such a reckless and wanton invasion of 
 the rights of all the stockholders. 
 
 When a city farms out its transportation facilities 
 to some street railway company, to equip its streets 
 with means of transportation for its people, the corpora- 
 tion proceeds to issue bonds and well-watered bonds, 
 too, which are no more nor less than a mortgage on 
 the franchise by the city itself. It does the very thing 
 that would be stopped, instanter, by the courts if done 
 against the stockholders of a private corporation. 
 
 What is true of its street railways, is true of its 
 gas, light, heat, electricity, telephones for communication ; 
 Its markets, its playgrounds, its baths, its paved streets 
 and places of amusement. A place for the citizens to 
 deposit their money for safe keeping, is just as necessary 
 today for the people of a city, as are water and edu- 
 cation. And under such a system, the city would have 
 its own money in one depositary, instead of having it 
 loaned out to special interests at 2 per cent, for them 
 to earn 20 and 24 per cent as the banks in Los An- 
 geles are doing with more than tuw million of city money. 
 
 What city farms out its means of education, or fire 
 or police protection to private individuals or private 
 corporations? You say none. Why? Only because 
 no profit can be made out of them. All American 
 cities farm out everything else. Thirty years ago every 
 <:ity in the country farmed out its water supply. None 
 of them do it now. Why? Because the people learned 
 ihat it was a wanton disregard of the true function of 
 the city, to allow private water companies to make 
 enormous profits out of the necessities of the people. 
 
 And today there is hardly a city in the country that 
 does not own its water system. 
 
 I here is not a city charter in the United States that 
 does not empower cities to own parks and cemeteries. 
 And yet, if Jesus Christ were to return and die in any 
 city in America, he would have 1o be buried in the 
 potter's field for the want of a public cemetery; — 
 
40 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 American cities have farmed out even these for private 
 exploitation. 
 
 There is not today in any city on the Pacific Coast 
 a municipally owned cemetery, or bath, or band, or 
 theater, or museum, or conservatory of art, or college 
 of civil or moral government, not a slaughter house, 
 market, gas plant or electric plant, except one market 
 and one electric plant in Seattle. Each and all are 
 farmed out to individuals, or private corporations for 
 private exploitation. 
 
 LOAN SHARKS. 
 
 No one denies that the city has the right and sovereign 
 power to say to the Loan Sharks — the five and ten per 
 cent a month Shylocks and the pawnbrokers, that you 
 shall not exact an unreasonable rate from the people 
 and therefore we shall fix the interest rate by ordinance. 
 If the city has the power to do this, why should it not 
 have the sovereign power to say to the other gentlemen 
 engaged in the loaning business, that inasmuch as the 
 average earning capacity of the banks of the country 
 is eight per cent interest, or profit, and the average capac- 
 ity of the farmer and toiler is only an increase of three 
 and one-half per cent; and inasmuch as you gentlemen 
 who do not work, are enabled through the inequality 
 of law and conditions, to receive two and one-half 
 times what the man who does toil is able to earn, we 
 shall fix your loan rate at a rate that will let you earn 
 your pound of flesh, — your eight per cent; but when you 
 unlawfully manipulate conditions in such a manner that 
 you make a "money-stringency felt," and then earn, after 
 paying your officers enormous salaries, according to your 
 statement of July, 1909. from twelve to TWENTY- 
 FOUR per cent. 
 
 It is time to call a halt before you absorb all the 
 wealth. 
 
 Ihese earnings are so near three-ball bucket shop 
 exactions that they appear unhealthy; and it will 
 be only a short time until you fellows will absorb all 
 wealth. And inasmuch as the city government is for 
 the better protection of all the people, be it ordained 
 by the city council : That any person, firm or corp>ora- 
 tion engaged in the city of Los Angeles in the busi- 
 ness of loaning money for profit, who receives a greater 
 interest or profit llian eight per cent net per annum, 
 shall turn into the public treasury Common-Good-Fund 
 for the benefit of all the people, all the profit or interest 
 so received over and above the said eight per cent. 
 Any person, firm or corporation violating this law in 
 
The Modern City 41 
 
 person, or through its officers and agents, such person, 
 officer or agent shall be guilty of a felony. 
 
 And inasmuch as your July, 1 909, statement shows 
 that the whole thirty-five banks in the city had in cash 
 less than $10,000,000, and you owed $105,932,424.- 
 77. deposits, besides your capital stock of $12,903,300, 
 or that you owed more than ten times what you had cash 
 to pay; and $2,000,000 of that $10,000,000 belonged 
 to the city, on which you only pay interest of 2 per 
 cent; we respectfully suggest that you stop speculating 
 with your deposits and keep on hand a sufficient amount 
 of cash to supply the needs of this community without 
 demandmg exorbitant rates of interest. 
 
 Your financial statement shows conclusively, that your 
 exorbitant interest-earning is on book account, rather 
 than with cash, and this does not look like legitimate 
 commercial banking, but partakes more of the character 
 of the speculation referred to, and denounced by Senator 
 La Follette. 
 
 And we respectfully suggest that a few more smoke- 
 stacks in the industrial district will be more conducive 
 to the permanency of healthy growth than more three- 
 ball shops. 
 
 FIFTY YEARS BEHIND. 
 
 The fact is that while we are boasting of our modern 
 American civilization, genius, wonderful growth and 
 advancement, we are fully fifty years behind the cities 
 of continental Europe in civic government. Civic govern- 
 ment in the United States cities is today under the most 
 unbridled money and whisky oligarchy the world ever 
 knew. 
 
 I make the bold challenge that there is not a civic 
 government or street railway system in the State of 
 California, Oregon or Washington that is not con- 
 trolled by the Southern Pacific Railway, or the General 
 Electric Trust, through their private bankers and polit- 
 ical agents. And these forces control the city councils 
 in every city from San Diego to British Columbia. And 
 the people of these cities are paying tribute to these 
 forces for their transportation, heat, light and power, 
 and are as much slaves as was the black man of fifty 
 years ago. 
 
 These forces have kept a political bucket-shop in 
 every important city on the Pacific Coast, where their 
 political broker determines who shall be the nominees 
 in both political parties to the state legislature, the 
 judiciary and for every other political office. If the 
 utility corporations that are but subsidiary corp>orations 
 
 I 
 
42 The Modern Citv 
 
 of the railways, control and dictate the election and 
 nomination of legislators, and those legislators elect the 
 senators, who now frame the tariff laws and run the 
 government, not to suit national platforms, nor the wishes 
 of the people, nor presidential pledges, but to suit the 
 trusts and transportation interests, it is easy to see why the 
 utility corporations have such a jealous regard for who 
 is elected to the state legislatures and to your boards of 
 supervisors and city councils. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOL MUST TEACH 
 CIVIC GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Prof. Fairlie of the University of Michigan, in his 
 essay on administrative government says; "Even in the 
 states of the middle west nearly one-sixth of the pub- 
 lic high schools give no work in civil government; while 
 in other parts of the country the proportion of secondary 
 schools where the subject is wholly neglected is much 
 larger; — from one-fourth in the north Atlantic and 
 far western states to one-half in the south Atlantic 
 group." 
 
 He further adds: "Some of the largest and best 
 Universities in the country which offer ample work in 
 municipal government to advanced and graduate students, 
 who specialize in history and political science, fail to 
 offer the more elementary work for the general body of 
 students." 
 
 Surely civic government — the government of a boy 
 or girl's own town or city, above all other branches 
 of study, ought to be taught to the boy or girl at the 
 impressionable age, between 12 and 20; or in all eighth 
 grades of every common school in the land, as well 
 as in the high schools and colleges and universities. 
 
 DEPLORABLE CONDITION. 
 
 This is a most lamentable condition of affairs in 
 a country of free schools, where we claim the very 
 highest standards of education. Is it any wonder that 
 there is civic corruption and graft? 
 
 Human nature is no different now from what it 
 was when the machine money-changers desecrated the 
 1 emple. There is no forum, nor legislative hall they 
 will not corrupt today. In truth and in fact there is 
 not one that they have not polluted, or tried to pollute 
 within the last thirty years. They buy senators or legis- 
 lators or supervisors or aldermen, like they buy wheat 
 or coal or hogs. They buy a congress, a city or 
 a legislature, by seeing to it that their pliant tools are 
 
The Modem Citv 43 
 
 elected to office to do their bidding. TKey steal a 
 franchise, a public utility, which is the right to tax, 
 through their attorneys and paid hirelings, and then, 
 yell "vested rights" to protect "vested wrongs. ' 
 
 I say to you, that neither the Initiative, Referendum 
 and Recall, nor the Direct Primary, nor Municipal 
 Ownership, nor Commission Government alone, or com- 
 bined, unaccompanied by a thorough knowledge, or 
 to say the least an elementary knowledge of Civic 
 Government and the very highest standard of business 
 dealings of a sober people with pure minds, will pre- 
 \ent civic corruption and the debasement of the public 
 conscience — they all must go together. 
 
 COMPULSORY VOTING NECESSARY. 
 
 The public school must teach not only the principles 
 of Civic Government, but must teach character and 
 conscience. It must teach that alcohol is a true poison. 
 That physiologically it is not strengthening, but weaken- 
 ing to the mental, moral and physical being. The public 
 school must teach, nay, every university and college and 
 fireside must teach, not only these facts, but they must 
 teach that it is the first duty of every man and woman 
 to exercise the franchise and protect the government from 
 the onslaughts of greed and selfish gain. Compulsory 
 voting IS absolutely necessary. 
 
 The abasem.ent of the public conscience of the last 
 twenty years could never have sunk to the level and 
 low moral standard that has produced the flagrant viola- 
 tions of public trust and graft, that have been exposed, 
 had these things been taught and enforced. 
 
 It is sad to contemplate that with all our boasted 
 civilization, we are compelled to go to the Austro- 
 Hungarian cities of Vienna and Budapest to find the 
 model Modern City. Here the necessities and pub- 
 lic utilities are conserved to and for the benefit of all 
 the people. Here taxation is the lowest. Here civic 
 virtue is the highest. Here nothing is farmed out to 
 the banker, the stock manipulator and speculator. Every 
 public utility is operated by the people. You don't 
 have to pay two telephone companies tribute to let a 
 few bond-fakers and brokers fatten off the public. The 
 poor widow to bury her husband or child is not com- 
 pelled to mortgage her little home to the undertaker, 
 or the private owner of the cemetery or crematory; 
 the citv attends to these matters at actual cost. 
 
44 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 CIVIC DAMAGE COMMISSION. 
 
 If the wife is made a widow through the neghgence 
 of a railroad or street railway, or other corporation 
 or private individual, she does not have to go into 
 court and fight a powerful foe, or be forced to take 
 a pittance or nothing at all ; but a civic commission 
 sits in judgment and assesses the damage and cost and 
 it has to be paid, or the franchise is forfeited and 
 property confiscated to the payment of the arbitration. 
 This method and procedure is true in nearly all Euro- 
 pean cities. It insures prompt liquidation of damages. 
 Prevents the afflicted from being mulcted by unscrupu- 
 lous lawyers. Decreases the work of Courts and lessens 
 the burdens of taxation, and is a blessing to the munici- 
 pal, as well as to the private corporation. 
 
 VIENNA. 
 
 Prof. Fairlie says; "In Vienna the fourth largest city 
 in Europe, civic government has made greater strides than 
 in any city in the world during the last fifteen years. 
 It has complete municipal autonomy or home rule or 
 self-government." And this is what every city in 
 America must have. We think we have done great 
 things in Los Angeles, Seattle and San Francisco on 
 the Pacific Coast, and in Chicago and New York and 
 Baltimore and St. Louis and Detroit in the East. 
 
 But more stupendous physical reconstruction and 
 municipalization of public utilities have taken place in 
 Vienna in the last ten years, than in any city in the 
 world. 
 
 "Birmingham, thirty-five years ago, under the leader- 
 ship of Joseph Chamberlin, purchased and has operated 
 ever since its water and gas system. The street rail- 
 ways have been taken over. During thirty-five years 
 of municipal operation of the gas plant the price of 
 gas has been materially reduced, the efficiency increased; 
 and after paying all fixed charges, interest and sinking- 
 fund and extensions, the surplus has averaged $200,000 
 annually. The surplus in thirty-five years has been 
 more than $6,000,000. And while the gas consump- 
 tion has trebled, the expense charged to capital account 
 has increased only 25 per cent. 
 
 HOUSING SYSTEM. 
 
 Birmingham has adopted the housing plan of the 
 German cities. The city purchases suburban property, 
 reserves tracts for building spaces for public needs (get- 
 
The Modern Cii^ 45 
 
 ting city property at first cost), for parks, fire and 
 police stations, schools and libraries, and then sells, or 
 leases to purchasers, and has reduced cost of lots for 
 homes for its artisans and mechanics and laborers more 
 than fifty per cent; and has reduced the speculation in 
 real estate, without involving the city in building opera- 
 lions, or care for buildings. London and Glasgow are 
 doing the same thing. 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 "More than half the street railway trackage in 
 London is under the County Council and it does two- 
 thirds of the traffic. Fares average range one-half 
 penny to three pence. More than four and three- 
 fourths pay a penny or less. 
 
 Glasgow has nearly 200 miles of street railway in 
 operation. More than three times what it was in 1894 
 And the average fare is under a penny: — Yielded a 
 net surplus of $175,000 that went into the "Common 
 Good" fund. More than a million dollars have been 
 turned in since 1 894. 
 
 What these European cities have learned from cen- 
 turies of experience is wise to do, can be done by 
 every American city, if the people will bring govern- 
 ment back to the people. If the people will drive the 
 political broker, the speculator in public utilities and 
 the saloon out of business, they will drive the evils 
 out of government. And that is all that is needed. 
 
 DETROIT. 
 
 Detroit fifteen years ago established a municipal 
 electric plant. And ten years ago it established an 
 asphalt paving plant. In the electric plant, after pay- 
 ing all fixed charges and allowing for interest on the 
 investment, annual depreciation, taxes that would have 
 been collected had the plant been operated by a private 
 corporation, repairs and extensions, it saved to the 
 people of Detroit in one decade $460,000. The cost 
 of arc lights was reduced from $132 to an average 
 for the decade of $87.63 for the year. In 1903 the 
 lowest bid was $102 per light. The efficiency was 
 increased by reducing the outages from 86,426 lamp 
 hours to 7,465 per year. For the year 1897-8 the 
 cost was at the rate of $83.46 for each arc lamp for 
 3,786 hours in the year, or $.00,049 per kilowatt 
 hour. While an examination of the tables in the Labor 
 Commissioners report for 1 899, shows that no group 
 of private companies charged for public lighting less 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
46 The Modern Citv 
 
 than $.0514 per kilowatt hour; and that when the 
 hours of service are considered, no group charged as 
 low a price for arc lamps as the cost in Detroit. 
 
 BUSINESS METHODS. 
 
 What has been done in Detroit can be done in every 
 city in the country, in successful operation of electric 
 light plants and every other public utility. All that 
 is necessary is business methods. In other words, the 
 methods and principles involved in true civil service 
 reform, which are "the selection of public officials on 
 the basis of their fitness for public service; and the 
 maintenance of the public service honestly and up to 
 the very highest efficiency." This is what is being ap- 
 plied to CIVIC government in European cities. And there 
 is hardly a great or small center of population on the 
 continent of Europe that does not operate and control 
 its public utilities and public necessities. 
 
 In America very few cities control anything more 
 than their water systems. 
 
 New Orleans owns its water-front and all railroads 
 enter the city over the belt-line, skirting the water-front. 
 Indianapolis has the same system of belt-line. Every 
 city should certainly own its railroad terminals. Why 
 talk of municipal docks and let the railroads have their 
 own terminals? 
 
 Seattle has an electric plant, a municipal market and 
 an employment agency. Portland an asphalt paving 
 plant. Detroit an electric plant and an asphalt paving 
 plant. On page 8 of the Public Commissions Report, 
 are these words, "Cash cost per arc lamp, fiscal vear 
 ending June 30th. 1908, $34.65." On page 9 of the 
 report for 1904-5 this language appears, "The price 
 charged Detroit by private electric lighting corpora- 
 tions from 1884 to 1895, ranged from $239.94 to 
 $128.87 per arc lamp. 
 
 ' "A private corporation lights Buffalo by contract. 
 That city is favorably situated for cheap electric light- 
 ing. Niagara Falls furnishing the power necessary for 
 its generation. A ten years contract for lighting, from 
 1896 to 1905, started with $117.75 oer arc light of 
 2.000 candle power per year. In 1897 the price was 
 $100 per arc light and remained at that figure until 
 1902, when it was $75 per arc light per year. This 
 makes an average cost per arc light for the ten years 
 contract $91.77 per vear, which is $4.14 per arc light 
 greater than Detroit has paid, including the entire cost 
 of the plant. In other words, if our lighting plant were 
 wiped out of existence, Detroit would have paid an 
 
The Modern Cilv 47 
 
 average of $4. 1 4 per arc lamp per year less than 
 Buffalo in the last decade. " 
 
 If the city of Detroit can do this as against Buffalo, 
 where power ought to be cheaper than in any city in 
 America, then no further proof or argument is necessary 
 to prove that every city in America can do the same 
 thing if it will do as Detroit did. Select its best 
 business men for its commission and apply business 
 methods, not politics and graft to the operation. 
 
 "ROSENBAUM THE SOLDIER." 
 
 But these public utilities cannot be successfully run, 
 nor can anything be successfully run if the Reufs and 
 Wrights and Pincuses and Oswalds and Mickey 
 the grafter, and "Rosenbaum the soldier," and such ilk 
 are permitted to name the railroad commissioners, 
 supervisors, legislators, judges, councilmen, congressmen 
 and senators. And they will name the commissions 
 and the administrative officers, just as long as the 
 honest business man stays away from the primaries. 
 So long as you allow the fellows below the dead- 
 line to control politics, so long as you have the 
 saloon-in-politics-for-protection, just so long will Pin- 
 cus. Goings, et al, live and fatten off frail virtue 
 and vice. 
 
 Until you remove the saloon from your best busi- 
 ness corners and best business streets, where your sons 
 and daughters are forced to run the gauntlet of their 
 moral depravity and displace them with moral influences; 
 until you stop putting fifty or a hundred gin-mills on 
 your best thoroughfares; until you stop masquerading as 
 a Christian gentleman on Sunday and voting for that 
 increased rent from the bawdy house on Monday; until 
 you remove the death houses from the streets and put 
 a few nature-places and healthy places of pleasant rec- 
 reation and amusement for the young rrien and young 
 women in their stead; until you change that poker-room 
 or bridge-room into a quiet devotional room, where you 
 can take that boy or girl and sit down by his or her 
 side like a brother, until you quit ringing up that tele- 
 phone and asking Jack or I om or Billy, to bring up 
 a flask in the afternoon before the "old man" comes 
 home; you will have rotten cities and rotten govern- 
 ment and rotten homes. 
 
 The rottenness of New York, Chicago, San Fran- 
 cisco and many other cities of America is so appalling 
 today that it is a wonder that the indulgence and mercy 
 of an Almighty God has not been withdrawn long ago. 
 
48 The Modem Cit}) 
 
 THE PEOPLE SADDLED AND RIDDEN 
 
 One hundred and thirty-three years ago the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, the mightiest indenture executed 
 by man and sealed with the blood of the revolution, 
 that Edward Everett said, "is equal to anything ever 
 born of parchment, or expressed in visible signs of 
 thought," was written as a commandment against moral 
 and physical slavery. And the immortal Washington 
 in 1826, in response to an invitation to be present at 
 the National Capital to celebrate the Fiftieth Anniver- 
 sary of American Independence, wrote; "All eyes are 
 opened to the rights of man. The general spread of 
 the light of science has already laid open to every 
 view, the palpable truth that the mass of mankind has 
 not been born with saddles on their backs, nor a favored 
 few booted and spurred ready to ride them legitimately 
 by the grace of God." 
 
 This is as true today, as when that sublime and 
 wondrous mind expressed the thought on parchment, not- 
 withstanding the saddling and riding of the American 
 people for the last thirty years by the "booted and 
 spurred" increasing-tarriff robber barons and trust cre- 
 ators and defenders; and industrial transportation and 
 utility franchise grabbers, represented by Rockefellerism 
 and Morganism and Carnegieism, and Cannonism. The 
 man who thinks he is popular because of these things 
 mistakes tolerance and forbearance for approval. 
 
 Thank God, their reign of unbridled lust and power 
 is mighty near an end ! 
 
 Why the Pacific Coast and inter-mountain States and 
 cities of Denver, Salt Lake, Butte, Helena and Spokane 
 should be plundered by inequitable and exorbitant trans- 
 portation rates, like the assassin holds up the wayfarer 
 at the point of a gun, is inexplicable, except that the 
 "spread of the light of science" has been stopped; and 
 the light darkened and put out by the "favored few," 
 booted and spurred ready to ride them illegitimately. 
 
 Oh! for one, just one defender of these States and 
 cities and people, among all our twenty-three Congress- 
 men and the eighteen trust representatives in the United 
 States Senate! 
 
 For one Washington, or Jefferson, or Adams, or Jack- 
 son, or Clay, or Webster, or Calhoun, to defend these 
 nine Western States from the extortoins of combinations 
 by railway and other mdustrial monopolies! 
 
 Nay. for one, for only one, loyal defender of the 
 people of this great half of these United States, like a 
 mighty Webster, a Lincoln, or La Follette, to fight 
 
The Modern Cit^ 
 
 49 
 
 tor the rights of the great common people and defend 
 pubhc opinion. 
 
 Human slavery, whether it be through money, whisky 
 or industrial debasement of citizenship and virtue in 
 our modern cities throughout the nation, through the lust 
 and extravagance of the ignorant and new-rich, must not 
 be permitted to defraud posterity of the blessings of lib- 
 erty and Christian righteousness, purchased with the 
 sacred sufferings and blood of our Forefathers. 
 
 The civilized world looks to us to keep the blood- 
 bought banner of constitutional liberty and freedom for- 
 ever floating in the breeze as a signal of victorious eman- 
 cipation. And if we permit our cities, the great theaters 
 of public opinion, to be despoiled, we will be recreant 
 to the trust reposed in us, and our government will suffer 
 the history of all repubHcs. 
 
 A WARNING. 
 
 To the shame of this Republic, founded on the 
 teachings of the Christ, the wrecks and experience of 
 history and the principles of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence: At the coming Yule-tide, more than three 
 million people in American cities will be recipients of 
 charity, before they can enjoy the necessities, to say 
 nothing of the luxuries of the season. 
 
 Let the oppression of concentration of power of the 
 past and present generations continue fifty years more, 
 and that three million will have grown to a mighty 
 host that will refuse to be the recipients of charity, but 
 will demand their constitutional rights of, "Equal rights 
 to all and special privilege to none;" and it will take 
 more than a Caesarian genius to re-establish Liberty 
 and Freedom. 
 
 N 
 
Sophistries of 
 
 Mayor Rose 
 
 Exposed 
 
 SPEECH OF ADAM DIXON WARNER, 
 
 Delivered at First Methodist Church in Salt Lake 
 City, Utah. December 5th, 1909, in answer to Mayor 
 Rose of Milwaukee. 
 FelloTv Citizens: 
 
 When I heard Mayor Rose in Chicago last spring 
 defending the liquor traffic and holding up Lincoln as 
 being in favor of it, I made up my mind then that I 
 would answer that speech in every city of the nation. 
 
 It is not with vengeance that I speak against these 
 institutions of evil, but I want to give my experience with 
 the traffic and the saloon for the benefit of the human 
 race. I am making this fight against the institutions of 
 evil, — the saloon and the whisky slavery, and the in- 
 vasion of the rights and liberties of the people, on the 
 same broad ground that Washington, and Jefferson, and 
 Franklin, and Adams, and Hamilton, and Patrick 
 Henry, and Lloyd Garrison, and Wendell Phillips, and 
 Henry Ward Beecher, and the Immortal Lincoln, and 
 Grant, fought and waged war against that other slavery. 
 — to free the human race. Upon the broad ground of 
 what Lincoln said was the "real issue in this country, — 
 the eternal struggle between these two principles — right 
 and wrong." They are the two principles that have 
 stood face lo face from the beginning of time, and will 
 ever continue to struggle. 
 
 The one is the common right of humanity, and the 
 other is the divine right of kings. 1 he one is equal rights 
 and the other is special privileges. It is the same prin- 
 ciple in whatever shape it develops itself. It is the 
 same spirit that says, "you work and toil and earn bread 
 and I'll eat it." 
 
The Modern Ci'/p 5 1 
 
 What slavery said, the whisky iraffic and the saloon 
 say, you work and toil and earn bread and we'll eat it. 
 
 My fight is not against the saloon-keeper, he is but 
 an incident in the argument. My quarrel is with the 
 saloon and the traffic — the system that has dragged 
 down and is daily dragging down the brightest minds of 
 the nation. I personally know more than a thousand of 
 my boyhood and manhood companions and acquaintances 
 at the bar and other professions and sciences that the 
 accursed traffic and its agency, the saloon, have taken 
 from the citadel of respected citizenship and left wrecks 
 of moral depravity; and only for the merciful interven- 
 tion of my Master and Savior, I, too, long ago would 
 have been numbered among its victims. 
 
 I oppose the saloon and the liquor traffic because they 
 are opposing the higher development of the human race. 
 I oppose them because the traffic increased during the 
 last decade thirty-nine per cent, while the population only 
 increased twenty-one per cent. In other words, the 
 debasement of citizenship increased nearly double what 
 citizenship increased. I oppose them because wine and 
 whisky took an inch from the French race in a hundred 
 years, and its ravages have increased as the consumption 
 has increased in America. 
 
 THE SALOON A LEGALIZED OUTLAW. 
 
 I oppose them because the Modern Saloon breeds hate, 
 not love; discord, not harmony. It populates your crim- 
 inal courts and madhouses and jails, and depopulates 
 your schools and colleges and churches. It inveigles the 
 youth from the schoolroom to the race-track and reform- 
 atory and workhouse, and seduces the only support of 
 a widowed mother from the counting-room to the bagnio 
 and the gambling hell. 
 
 Alcohol's constant devitalization of the nervous sys- 
 tem, and its agency, — The Modern Saloon, destroys the 
 power of resistance through every stage of excitement, 
 muscular and mental weakness and unconsciousness, and ^ 
 paralyzes the nerves that regulate the passage of blood 
 through the capillaries. It deprives the machinery of life 
 of its vital force, while it surges the blood with increased 
 violence; and the brain, once brilliant, is now affected; 
 the will is weakened, the center of thought overpowered; 
 the mind bewildered in chaos until judgment gives way 
 to the idle vaporings of the tongue, unbridled by reason; 
 power of discrimination between right and wrong is ob- 
 scured; the gloss of education, refinement, home, and 
 home's training and social restraint are all lost; and the 
 lower, baser, brutal nature stands revealed, overpowering 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
52 The Modern Cify 
 
 the higher mental faculties, just as weeds in the garden 
 smother and destroy the most delicate flower and prevent 
 its bloom. In the meshes of its debasing influence, the 
 coward is more craven, the braggart more boastful, the 
 cruel more vulture like, and the daring more bold and 
 law-defiant. The gambler, the bribe-taker and the bribe 
 giver, the burglar, the assassin and the murderer — the 
 welcome guests of its hospitality, brazenly assume re- 
 spectability to hide their villainy. 
 
 The saloon is at best an outlaw, tolerated by the suf- 
 ferance of society in which it exists. Today there is no 
 more reason for the saloon or justification for its exist- 
 ence than there is for the public opium den, or the bagnio, 
 or the gambling hell. It is no more nor less than a stall, 
 or stable, designed by malevolence and cunning, to rob 
 men of reason and money. It is the Devil's automobile 
 on the road to Hell, with the saloonkeeper as chauffeur. 
 As the burglar, the highwayman and assassin run from 
 the light and strike their deadly blow in the night, so does 
 the saloon do its biggest business after dark. 
 
 Today, in every city in the West, to simulate respecta- 
 bility and disguise its perfidy it slanders and dishonors 
 an honored benevolent organization, across whose sands 
 not one of its votaries can tread, by filching from it the 
 name of "Royal Arch," and is engaged in the mission 
 of double-dealing, cajoling and threatening public of- 
 ficials to do its bidding, and is as dangerous to, and de- 
 structive of honest government as any Mafia that ever 
 existed in New Orleans, or the vilest plague spot in Italy. 
 
 YOU DONT BELIEVE ME ! 
 
 Ah, look yonder! I see a great prison over yonder, 
 and I see somebody's son in delirium, hunger, poverty, 
 robbery, larceny, assassination and murder, while you 
 are splitting hairs about means and methods. If you 
 think I don't know what I am talking about, let me say 
 to you that I have practiced law, patronized the saloon, 
 and have been pretty closely identified with politics in 
 the West nearly all my life, and I know the methods 
 of both the politician and the saloon. 
 
 And if it were the last words I were to utter, I would 
 say to every father, mother, sister and brother, that the 
 accursed saloon is the most debasing and destructive force 
 in all the world. 
 
 If, on my death-bed, I had the choice of removing one 
 of all of the evils of the world, I would remove the 
 saloon, and be satisfied that I had done the greatest 
 service to mankind that had been done since the days 
 of Jesus of Nazareth. 
 
The Modern Cit]) 53 
 
 Mothers! Fathers! Men! Do you see those prison 
 bars yonder? Think, and thin}(, and thinly, and then 
 think again! And then act! Your relatives or friends 
 may have a son behind those bars! And your apathy or 
 your action may have put him there! 
 
 There are 200,000 inmates in those awful prisons in 
 the United States. 
 
 To the Ballot! To the Polls! To its Limitation. 
 To its Subjection and Control! And then to its Oblit- 
 eration. 
 
 I have defended a thousand men for crime, and I 
 know the saloon is the robber's retreat, the housebreak- 
 er's pawnshop, the burglar's cache, the footpad's fence, 
 and the assassin's alibi. 
 
 INVADES THE SCHOOLS. 
 
 I have seen it invade the educational institution and 
 take the idol of a mother's heart from the seat of learn- 
 ing and leave him a pitiable mass of depravity in the 
 gutter. I have seen it insinuate itself into the domestic 
 circle and beguile sweet innocence and purity, the most 
 perfect adornment of society and the home, from the 
 happy hearthstone into a life of shame and dishonor. 
 
 THE SALOON IN POLITICS. 
 
 Every city in the United States that has been slan- 
 dered and disgraced by the exposures of investigations 
 has been the victim of the saloon in politics. 
 
 SUGGESTS A REMEDY. 
 
 I have been asked since I have been here my solution 
 of the gambling and street-walking. I answer, close the 
 saloon. Hire a new Chief of Police. If that won't do, 
 hire a new Mayor. All police power is summary power, 
 and once you let the law violator, the gambler, the 
 soiled woman and the army of law-violators that thrive 
 off non-enforcement of law, understand that the police 
 power is going to be enforced, you will have to get a 
 special train to lake them out of town fast enough. If 
 you don't believe it, make a trip to Los Angeles and 
 ask the present Mayor and Chief of Police. We re- 
 called a Mayor for refusal to enforce the law, and hired 
 a new Chief of Police. Now the dens of infamy and 
 gambling hells are closed, and the saloonkeeper who 
 violates the law loses his license, and his place is closed, 
 and the city is clean, and our wives and sisters are safe. 
 
54 The Modern Citv 
 
 And today Los Angeles is the model Modern City of 
 America. 
 
 OFFICIAL MALFEASANCE IS THE GENIUS 
 OF DEGENERACY OF GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Benjamin Harrison once said: 
 
 "As the citizen may not elect what laws he shall 
 obey, neither may the executive elect what laws he shall 
 enforce." The assumption of Mayors and Chiefs of 
 Police and other officers of a discretion to enforce or not 
 enforce a law they have solemnly sworn to execute, is a 
 fertile and ever-increasing source of demoralization, and 
 should be rebuked by their creators. It makes law un- 
 certain, partial, special, unjust and a mockery. 
 
 The Mayor or other public officer who refuses to en- 
 force the Constitution and the laws of his State, and hides 
 behind the subterfuge that he believes in "home rule," 
 does as much violence to his oath of office as any other 
 perjurer. He puts his own personal idea or interest in 
 the place of the lawmaker. That is just what the burglar 
 or assassin does when he executes according to his own 
 will, in defiance of law. 
 
 I say official law-violation is the worst kmd of law- 
 violation. 
 
 Malfeasance in office and non-enforcement of law 
 are the two greatest evils in civic government. And my 
 experience of thirty years as a lawyer and in practical 
 politics is that the dirty, slimy, insidious, debasing traffic 
 in alcohol, and its agency, the modern saloon, are more 
 responsible for these iniquities than all other influences. 
 
 Official lawlessness is the most intriguing and insidious 
 evil in civil government. It strikes at the very foundation 
 of government, and is anarchy. 
 
 The public officer who wilfully betrays his trust is as 
 guilty of treason to his state or his city as was Benedict 
 Arnold, and not until the people hold public officers up 
 to a strict adherence and accountability, will betrayal of 
 public trust end. 
 
 To repress lawlessness and elevate the moral tone of 
 the community two essentials are necessary. The first 
 is a strong controlling public opinion, and the determined 
 purpose of the people to have the laws enforced. The 
 moral condition of a community will not rise above the 
 sociological force behind it. A community can have 
 just as good or bad government as it wants. If it permits 
 civic slavery it will get it. 
 
The Modern Cit\) 55 
 
 SALOON SLAVERY. 
 
 As Lincoln condemned the other slaverj' on moral 
 grounds as a crime against the human race, I condemn 
 the whisky and saloon slavery on the same grounds, and 
 I call to the witness stand the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. 
 
 "It IS not necessary to array the appalhng statistics 
 of misery, pauperism, and crime which have their origin 
 in the use and abuse of ardent spirits v ^ -s^ 
 If a loss of revenue should accrue to the United States 
 from a diminished consumption of ardent spirits she 
 would be a gainer a thousandfold in the health, wealth 
 and happiness of the people." 
 
 And again, when the saloon was m question; it said: 
 "There are few sources of crime and misery to society 
 equal to the dram shop, where intoxicating liquors in 
 small quantities, to be drunk at the time, are sold indis- 
 criminately to all parties applying. The statistics of 
 every state show a greater amount of crime and misery 
 attributable to the use of ardent spirits obtained at those 
 retail liquor saloons than to any other source." 
 
 As Lincoln denounced slavery as a cancer that was 
 sapping the vitals of the nation, I oppose the saloon on 
 the same ground that Uncle Sam, the State, the County, 
 and the City refuse to allow saloons to operate when 
 they are transacting the business of the franchise with 
 the people. There is not a state, county or city or hamlet 
 in the Union that will permit the dirty traffic to operate 
 on election day, when the voter exercises his franchise. 
 Why? Because they know that whisky deprives him of 
 honest judgment and citizenship. 
 
 A MORAL REVOLUTION. 
 
 This fight is a moral revolution to regenerate the 
 human race, and revolutions never go backwards. They 
 are irresistible and final. This fight is the business 
 man's fight. Tlie business man, the employer of labor, 
 and the trades unions, the laborers themselves, have 
 learned that ardent spirits destroy man's efficiency and 
 earning capacity. They have learned that the saloon 
 and drink have driven many a strong man to poverty 
 and crime. The lawyers and doctors have learned that 
 whisky is a poison. The athletes have learned that they 
 cannot retain physical vigor and drink whisky. Ask any 
 of them. It has taken that modern Hercules, Jeffries, a 
 year and a half before he dare meet the negro, Johnson. 
 Why, I could have licked him myself a year ago. 
 
 Today there is hardly a railroad corporation, or indus- 
 
56 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 trial manager that will employ a man who drinks on 
 duty, and some of them will not employ a man who 
 drinks at all. Some of the greatest industrial institutions 
 will not tolerate drinking at all, whether on or off duty. 
 The business man of today wants the best brains he can 
 get. 
 
 The business man has learned, as I have learned, after 
 an experience of thirty years as a patron of it, that the 
 saloon is an institution of evi7. 
 
 THE MODERN SALOON. 
 
 Do you know what one saloon to every 1 ,000 people 
 means? 
 
 It means one saloon to every 200 men. About 60 
 per cent of the men drink, or every saloon will have I 20 
 patrons. The receipts will average about $60 a day. 
 Tliat is 50 cents spent by each patron; or in 365 days 
 $182.50 is spent by each patron for ardent spirits. 
 
 Did it ever occur to you what that money, that you 
 have given to the saloonkeeper would do, at interest com- 
 pounded for twenty years? Go home and figure it out. 
 
 Did it ever occur to you that you can refurnish a home 
 of the average working man with that $182.50? 
 
 Did it ever occur to you that it would buy thirty bar- 
 rels of flour, or sixty pairs of warm woolen blankets, or 
 all the groceries and meats for a family of five working 
 people for a year? 
 
 Or pay the rent of a comfortable cottage for a year? 
 
 Or in five years it would pay for a snug lot and com- 
 fortable cottage? 
 
 You say: "That never occurred to me." 
 
 Did it ever occur to you that the saloonkeeper has the 
 snug lots and several cottages, and an automobile? 
 
 What have you got? 
 
 You have got a destroyed stomach, indigestion, weak- 
 ened intellect, a red nose, and a ticket to Hell, if you 
 don't lool( out! 
 
 But Rose says you have helped the corn market. 
 
 Let me show you what you have done. 
 
 One bushel of corn makes four gallons of whisky that 
 retails at $16.80. Out of that the farmer gets 50 
 cents, the railroads get 80 cents, the manufacturer gets 
 $4, the government gets $4.40. and the saloonkeeper 
 gets $7.10. 
 
 And \)oii get diunlf. And your children have to stay 
 from school for the want of clothes, and your wife wears 
 a calico dress and you walk : while the saloonkeeper with 
 your seven dollars rides. 
 
The Modern Ci/p 57 
 
 I say the whisky traffic and the saloon are founded on 
 injustice and bad policy, to every human being, except 
 those who make it and sell it. In addition to the 
 Supreme Court of the Nation, I summon the Supreme 
 Court of every State in the Union; I summon the two 
 hundred thousand prisoners, the two hundred thousand 
 insane, the million paupers, the two million schoolless, 
 hungry, ragged children. The million inmates of the 
 almshouses and workshops and reformatories ; the twelve 
 million wives and children who are denied the luxuries 
 and necessaries of life. The five million workmen who 
 are robbed of their earnings by this accursed traffic. Nay, 
 I summon that splendid army of preachers, the teachers 
 and lawyers, and doctors; and all the wives and mothers 
 of this nation, to prove that the Supreme Court spoke 
 the truth when it denounced this frightful scourge to the 
 human race. 
 
 I call the billion and a half dollars that came out of 
 the pockets of the toilers — the wage earners — last year, 
 that was earned for bread and clothes and education, 
 but went for whisky and destruction. 
 
 I want to call the Immortal Lincoln as a witness. I 
 want to prove to the people of Salt Lake, and the entire 
 Lnited States that Mayor Rose's attempt to bolster up 
 his defense of the saloon and the accursed liquor traffic 
 with the aid of Abraham Lincoln was a base libel and 
 a slander against the name of one of the world's great- 
 est patriots. 
 
 I am told that Mr. Rose did here just what he did 
 in Chicago. That he cited the House Journal of 1839- 
 40 of the records of the Secretary of State of Illinois 
 to create the impression and prove that Lincoln was in 
 favor of the saloon and the liquor traffic. 
 
 The fact is that all that record discloses (and I have 
 a transcript of Mr. Rose's statement of the record) that 
 Mr. Lmcoln made a motion to lay an amendment on 
 the table. Now, Rose knows, and every lawyer, poli- 
 tician and parliamentarian; nearly every layman and 
 schoolboy knows, that such a motion could have no other 
 effect than to lay the whole subject matter on the table. 
 And the act was "An Act to Regulate Tavern and Gro- 
 cery Licenses." Such a thing as the accursed, insidious, 
 present-dav saloon was unknown at that time. The 
 entire traffic was done in the tavern and grocery. Again. 
 Mr. Lincoln at that time was a mere boy. but thirty 
 years of age, and his experience was somewhat limited. 
 
 But three years later, in 1842, listen to what Mr. 
 Lincoln said in his Memorial day address, before the 
 Springfield Washingtonian Temperance Society, Febru- 
 ary 22nd, 1842, delivered in what he believed to be the 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
58 The Modern Ci/p 
 
 most sacred hour of his lile — Washington's birth- 
 day. And one would think he was talking of present- 
 day conditions. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM LINCOLN. 
 
 He said: "Although the temperance cause has been 
 in progress for nearly twenty years, it is apparent to all 
 that it is just now being crowned with a degree of success 
 hitherto unparalleled. 
 
 "The list of its friends is daily swelled by the addi- 
 tions of fifties, of hundreds and of thousands. The cause 
 itself seems suddenly transformed from a cold abstract 
 theory to a living, breathing, active and powerful chief- 
 tain, going forth 'conquering and to conquer.' The 
 citadels of his great adversary are daily being stormed 
 and dismantled; his temples and his altars, where the 
 rites of idolatrous worship have long been performed, 
 and where human sacrifices have long been wont to be 
 made, are daily desecrated and deserted. The triumph 
 of the conqueror's fame is sounding from hill to hill, 
 from sea to sea, and from land to land, and calling 
 millions to his standard at a blast. f- '^ 'f- Xhe 
 preacher, it is said, advocates temperance because he is 
 a fanatic, and desires a union of the church and state; 
 the lawyer from his pride of hearing himself speak; and 
 the hired agent for his salary. But when one has long 
 been known as a victim of intemperance bursts the fetters 
 that have bound him and appears before his neighbors, 
 'clothed and in his right mind,' a redeemed specimen 
 of long lost humanity, and stands up, with tears of joy 
 trembling in his eyes, to tell of the miseries once endured, 
 now to be endured no more forever; of his once naked 
 and starving children, now clad and fed comfortably; of 
 a wife long weighed down by woe, weeping and a broken 
 heart, now restored to health, happiness and renewed 
 affection; and how easily it is all done; how simple his 
 language; there is a logic and an eloquence in it that 
 few with human feelings can resist. '^ '^ ^ 
 
 ''Whether or not the H'orld would he vasth benefited 
 hv a total and final banishment from it of all intoxicating 
 drinl(s seems to me not non' an open question. Three- 
 fourths of manlfmd confess the affirmative n^ith their 
 tongues, and I believe all the rest aclcnowledge it in their 
 hearts. -v * * 
 
 "For the man suddenly, or in any other way, to break 
 off from the use of drams who has indulged in them for 
 a long course of years, and until his appetite for them has 
 grown ten, or a hundredfold stronger and more craving 
 than any natural appetite can be. requires a most power- 
 
The Modern Cily 59 
 
 ful moral effort. In such an undertaking he needs 
 ever]} moral support and influence thai can possibly be 
 brought to his aid, and ihroivn around him. And not 
 only so, but every moral prop should be tal(en from what- 
 ever argument might rise in his mind to lure him to his 
 bacl(slidmg. When he casts his eyes around him, he 
 should he able to see all that he respects, all that he 
 admires, all thai he loves, ffindly and anxiously pointing 
 him onward, and none becl^oning him back to his former 
 miserable 'wallowing in the mire.' * * ^ 
 
 "The demon of intemperance ever seems to have gone 
 forth hke an Egyptian angel of death, commissioned to 
 slay, if not the first, the fairest born of every family. 
 Shall he now be arrested in his desolating career? In 
 that arrest, all can give aid that will; and who shall be 
 excused that can and will not? Far around as human 
 breath has ever blown he keeps our fathers, our brothers, 
 our sons and our friends prostrate in the chains of 
 moral death. * * * Jf the relative grandeur of 
 revolutions shall be estimated by the great amount of 
 human misery they alleviate, and the small amount they 
 inflict, then indeed will this be the grandest the world 
 shall have ever seen. ^ * ^ 
 
 "In the temperance revolution we shall find a stronger 
 bondage broken, a viler slavery manumitted, a greater 
 tyrant deposed ; in it more want supplied, more disease 
 healed, more sorrow assuaged. By it no orphans starv- 
 ing, no widows weeping. By it none wounded in feeling, 
 none injured in interests. Even the drammaker and 
 dramseller will have glided into other occupations so 
 gradually as never to have felt the change, and will stand 
 ready to join all others in the universal song of glad- 
 ness. And what a noble ally this for the cause of polit- 
 ical freedom; with such an aid its march cannot fail to 
 be on and on, until every son of earth shall drink in 
 rich fruition the sorrow-quenching draughts of perfect 
 liberty. Happy day when all appetites controlled, all 
 passions subdued, all matter subjected- mind all con- 
 quering mind, shall live and move the monarch of 
 the world. Glorious consummation. Hail fall of fury! 
 Reign of reason, all hail!" 
 
 Now, if that is not a sufficient prohibition speech for 
 Mr. Rose and the brewers and distillers and saloonkeep- 
 ers and barkeepers and bawdyhouse keepers, I don't know 
 what they want. It's a better one than I can make, or I 
 ever heard anyone else make. To mv mind, it is hot 
 enough to drive the traffic, saloons, breweries, distilleries 
 and death houses and Mr. Rose, clear down to the 
 place where Rose will surely go, if he does not repent 
 for slandering Lincoln. 
 
 I 
 
60 The Modern Cit^ 
 
 Rose says: "That he searched through all of the 
 writings and all that has been written about Lincoln, 
 to find where Mr. Lincoln had ever said anything on 
 the subject of prohibition." and leaves the impression 
 and struggles to create the impression that Lincoln was 
 in favor of the liquor traffic; — when if he had been 
 as honest with the public as he was zealous for his 
 employers, he would have looked on pages 261, 275, 
 Vol. I , Centennial Edition of writings of Lincoln, pub- 
 lished in 1905; and on page 279 of the same book 
 where Mr. Lincoln himself, in a letter to Joshua Speed 
 says; "that his speech was published in the Sangamon 
 Journal." And if Mayor Rose had half looked in 
 the State House in Springfield, Ills., he would have 
 found the Sangamon Journal on file containing the full 
 speech from which these quotations are extracts. 
 
 What do you good Republicans and Democrats and 
 Mormons and Jews and Gentiles think Lincoln would 
 do with your one hundred and fifty licensed saloons 
 and dens of infamy in Salt Lake City) 
 
 What do you think now, of the slanderous and 
 libelous tongues that have gone about the country 
 falsely holding up America's patron saint if it ever 
 had one, — Abraham Lincoln, as being in favor of 
 their nefarious liquor traffic 1* 
 
 Do you suppose that the greatest humanitarian of 
 history would refuse to support his sentiments as ex- 
 pressed in this speech, if he were on earth today? 
 Do you suppose that he would not be in the vanguard 
 defending the home, the church, the library and the 
 school and the fireside, against the frightful carnage of 
 this traffic, when he realized that the consumption of 
 alcoholic liquors had risen to nineteen and a third gal- 
 lons for every man, woman and child; and was "des- 
 troying the health, wealth and happiness of the people." 
 
 PERSONAL LIBERTY. 
 
 Mayor Rose talks about personal liberty? What 
 becomes of your personal liberty when you disobey 
 your police, health or fire ordinances? His misleading 
 and fallacious "personal liberty" argument may delude 
 and mislead the ignorant, so his clients may further 
 and longer live off their hard-earned wages, that should 
 go to buy clothes and bread and education instead 
 of whisky; but his personal liberty argument is fully 
 answered by the decision of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States in the case of Crowlev vs. Christensen, 
 from mv own State, California; decided in 1 37 U. S. 
 page 87. 
 
The Modern Cit^ 61 
 
 It is not personal liberty that Mayor Rose is plead- 
 ing for. It is not more personal liberty that the dis- 
 tiller, brewer and saloonkeeper want, but it is special 
 privilege, to make money out of the other fellow's per- 
 sonal liberty. They want special privilege to make 
 a living out of the money the other fellow has earned 
 for bread. 
 
 This is the same argument that the other slave-hol- 
 ders used to Wendell Phillips, Henry Ward Beecher 
 and Lincoln; and Lincoln answered them, "that their 
 slavery was a cancer eating out the vitals of the nation ; 
 and he answered them with the Proclamation of 
 Emancipation. 
 
 Mr. Rose says that prohibition does not prohibit. 
 Let him read the charge to the Grand Jury of the 
 Southern District of Georgia, by Judge Speer. of 
 February 27th, 1908, reported in 162 Federal Re- 
 porter, page 736, where he says: 
 
 "Already the most astounding benefits have been 
 experienced by the people at large from the Prohibi- 
 tion Law. Why, even the dumb brutes, who have 
 been subjected to the service of man, would if they 
 could thank God for prohibition. The hard-driving and 
 neglect of the drunken negro and drunken white man 
 as well, have been succeeded by kindliness and atten- 
 tion. The State of Georgia in twelve months will gain 
 incalculable advantages in improvement." '^ * * 
 "The Police Courts of such great cities as Macon, 
 Augusta and Atlanta, when contrasted with their for- 
 mer methods, have practicallv gone out of business." 
 * * * "In a short time after the abolition of the 
 liquor traffic in the noble city of Athens, I have seen 
 the drunkard reformed and reconsecrated to his duties 
 of manhood, his dingy house repainted, his fences re- 
 builded. his once pathetic barefoot dirty little children ; 
 
 clean, well-clothed, well-shod and well-fed, with bright 
 eyes hastening to school, and the wife, whose once worn 
 and wasted features, in the happiness and pride of his 
 resurrection, had regained the loveliness and charm of 
 youth." 
 
 Let him write to the Governor of Kansas, or to the 
 mayors of the hundreds of cities that have put the saloon 
 out of business! Or to the Presidents of the railways, 
 or general managers of industrial institutions. 
 
 Which will vou believe: the United States District 
 Judge of the Southern District of Georgia performing 
 his sacred duty from the bench to the Grand Jury; the 
 Supreme Court of the United States and Abraham Lin- 
 coln and the presidents of the railways of the country, 
 or will vou believe Mayor Rose on the platform as 
 
oJ The Modem Ci/v 
 
 the moulh-piece oi the Liquor Dealers Association of 
 America? 
 
 ROSE SOPHISTRIES EXPOSED. 
 
 Mr. Rose asks the business men of the country if 
 the mdustry does not pay into the treasury two hun- 
 dred and twenty- three million: and eighty-four million 
 into the city treasuries? I ask the business men if they 
 would not rather have had that amount spent in the 
 regular channels of trade that did not produce want 
 and hunger: ftiat had to be cared for by the chanties 
 of the real business men of the nation? I ask where 
 that two hundred and twenty-three milhon came from? 
 Did K not come out of the toiler amd wage-earner: and 
 deprive their \N-ives and children of the necessities of 
 life that should have been bought from tlie real busi- 
 ness man through the regular channels of trade? 
 
 I ask. if ihat vast sum and the billion and a half 
 more that the traffic took from the \\-ives amd children 
 of the nation and gave absolutely nothing m return, but 
 sorrow, want and death, had not been spent for hoozc 
 vvould it not have been spent for homes and lumber. 
 hardware, more bread, groceries, meat. wool, cotton, 
 leather, furniture, carpets and all the ncessities of life? 
 
 I ask the business man if this would not have been 
 better than to have had it spent over the bars of the 
 nation, where it produced nir»ety per cent of the 
 pauperism, eighty per cent of crime, forty-five per cent 
 of lunacy cmd thirty-five per cent of idiocy and in- 
 creased your burdens of taxation and irKreased the cost 
 of the administration of justice and never, never 
 erected one schoolhouse. or one college or one univer- 
 sity or made one home brighter and happier? 
 
 Do you not know that every arrest for drunkenness 
 in the nation costs the business man nine dollars and ever> 
 conviction costs you fortv-five dollar?? 
 
 There were two hundred thousand prisoners. t\%'o hun- 
 dred thousand insane, and two million in the work- 
 houses and reformatories last year that had to be cared 
 for by the business man. How? Either by taxation 
 or through your charity or both? 
 
 How do you hke the looks of it, Mr. Busmess Man? 
 
 W .ANTS TO M.AKE BUSINESS. 
 
 I don't want to destroy business. I want to make 
 business. I want to turn the stream of gold that now 
 runs into the brewery and distillery and salooo and 
 >ice. into the bakery for bread: and the butcher shop 
 
The Modern Cit}) 63 
 
 and store and sclioolhouso, to make busniess that makes 
 better men and women and makes character. The sa- 
 loon IS not a busniess uistitution. and the saloonkeeper 
 IS not a busmess man. Listen to what the C ourts say; 
 "The law places barrooms and tippling houses on a 
 footing ol tolerance onl\), and an applicant tor a license 
 IS not to be regarded as a business man proposing to 
 engage in any lawtul business." — District Court of 
 
 C olumbia. 
 
 RAISIN SANDWICHES. 
 
 Rose asks, what will become ol the products of the 
 farms that go into the wines and liquors? I answer 
 him that the graperaiser in my state will turn the 22 
 per cent of sugar in the grape into a lood product: to 
 feed the soldiers and laborers. And the school children 
 will eat raisin bread and sandwiches and be healthier 
 and better, just as the English children and the Ger- 
 man soldiers are now using sugar, instead of alcoholic 
 liquors. 
 
 FUEL VALUE OF RAISINS. 
 
 "A comparison ot the fuel value ol raisins with that 
 ol other fruits is surprising to most people. The fuel 
 value, per pound, in calories of raisins is 1 200. of 
 bananas 380. ol grapes 360. of oranges 225. of apples 
 230. of strawberries 180 and of watermelons 135. 
 And in fuel value beefsteak is only 975 as compared 
 with 1 200 for raisins. Raisins will keep you warm 
 on the coldest day." ff'/n'/c Uliislcv ))'/// mal(c \)oii 
 cold. 
 
 HEAL'IMFUL FOOD FOR CHILDREN. 
 
 "For children, raisins mark the dividing lino be- 
 tween bread and cake. A handful of raisins will trans- 
 form porridge into dessert and make delicious bread 
 pudding out ol stale scraps of bread. Plum buns — 
 that cherished dainty of childhood — are plain bread 
 with a little ol butter — and plenty of raisins. In every 
 well-to-do English household raisin or currant loal is 
 an important part of the children's luncheon or tea, and 
 to the free use of it is ascribed much ol the vigorous 
 health for which British youth are noted. Raisins are 
 lo\ed by all children for the grape sugar contained in 
 them — and there is nothing better lor them." 
 
 The English people use more than ten times per 
 
64 The Modern Cit\) 
 
 capita, in dried fruits than do the people of America. 
 I say, that if we feed our soldiers, young men and 
 boys and girls more fruit and vegetable sugar, and less 
 whisky, we will have better men and women and higher 
 citizenship. 
 
 The grain and farm products that now go into 
 alcohol will be turned into bread and johnny-cake and 
 food for the millions of children now starving and 
 hungry and ragged, unclothed, unkempt and unclean, 
 because of the accursed liquor traffic and the saloons. 
 
 The brewers and distillers will turn their "morgues" 
 into industrial factories, making more furniture and 
 stoves and clothes and carpets and denatured alcohol 
 for power to run power drills in the mines and saw- 
 mills in the woods; for the bartenders and laborers 
 that Rose says will be thrown out of employment, to 
 operate and run the engines ; to plow the land and 
 harvest the crops of trees and grains and fruits and 
 vegetables and cotton and wool and hides that the 
 saloonkeeper will be raismg, mstead of raising crops 
 of thieves and burglars and drunkards, — and "raising 
 hell." And as Lincoln said, "Will have glided into 
 other occupations so gradually as to never have felt 
 the change and will stand ready to jom all others in 
 the universal song of gladness." 
 
 HAPPY CHILDREN. 
 
 He asks what will become of the hundred and 
 nine million that was paid to the farmers? I answer, 
 it will go. into bread to feed the children that were 
 formerly playing in the alleys and eating the refuse of 
 our cities, dirty and hungry; and are now eating three 
 meals a day, well-dressed, well-shod and attending 
 school along with your children and with my children. 
 
 Mr. Rose asks what will take the place of the 
 fifty-six million paid in labor last year? I answer it 
 will go to the saloonkeeper, now turned into an honest 
 farmer, or miner, or apple or vegetable raiser; or wheat, 
 or sheepraiser, doing good instead of working evil to 
 the nation, to the state and to the city, and to his family 
 and himself. 
 
 It will go to the bartender as an honest carpenter, 
 stonecutter, mason, or plasterer in building homes for 
 the same fellow who was a fool last year burning up 
 money for whisky — money that belonged to his wife 
 and children for bread, — that made him an idler and 
 a loafer and forced them ?>11 to want. 
 
 Some of it will go to dress and educate the little 
 children who were formerly in ignorance and rags, now 
 
The Modern Cii)) 
 
 65 
 
 become bright and happy, to become Lincolns and 
 JefFersons and Washingtons and Bryans and Roose- 
 velts and La Follettes and JuHa Ward Howes and 
 Susan B. Anthonys and Frances Willards and Phoebe 
 A. Hearsts and Mrs. Stanfords and Mrs. BalHngton 
 Booths and Helen Goulds, and redeem this nation 
 from a prospective and inevitable destruction, to a loftier 
 higher civilization that shall guide and illumine the 
 pathway of all the peoples of the earth, to that end for 
 which our fathers fought and bled and died and the 
 lowly Nazarene came to earth to consummate. 
 
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