UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 SCHOOL OF LAW 
 LIBRARY
 
 A COLLECTION 
 
 OF 
 
 FORMS AND PRECEDENTS 
 
 OTHER THAN CONVEYANCING, COMPANY, 
 
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND 
 
 PRACTICE FORMS, 
 
 OF THB MIDDLE TEMPLE, BARRI8TER-AT-LAW, 
 ASSISTED BY 
 
 MONTAGUE R. EMANUEL, M.A., B.C.L., 
 
 OF THE INNEB TEMPLE, BARRISTER- AT -LAW. 
 
 IN TWO VOLS. 
 YOL. II. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 SWEET & MAXWELL, LTD., 
 3, CHANCERY LANE. 
 
 ' 
 
 STEVENS & SONS, LTD., 
 119 & 120, CHANCERY LANE. 
 
 1914. 
 
 
 
 WITHDRAWN 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ; 
 
 )w 
 
 H.M. IWOMEM OFFICE
 
 T 
 
 3 
 
 1914-
 
 859 
 
 MORTGAGES (). 
 
 1. MORTGAGE of a POLICY of ASSURANCE effected on the 
 LIFE of the MORTGAGOR (6). PROVISO, that PRINCIPAL 
 shall not be called in for a specified time. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the day of , 19, BETWEEN 
 
 [mortgagor], of, &c., of the one part; and [mortgagee], of, &c.,of Parties, 
 the other part, WITNESSETH that in consideration of the sum Tntatwn. 
 
 of , now paid to the said [mortgagor] by the said [mortgagee'] 
 
 of which sum the said [mortgagor] hereby acknowledges the receipt, 
 
 the said [mortagor] hereby covenants with the said [mortgagee] Covenant for 
 
 to pay to him, his executors, administrators, or assigns, on the 
 
 day of - , 19 , the sum of , with interest thereon in the interest. 
 
 meantime at the rate of per centum per annum, and also (c) so 
 
 (a) For mortgages of patents, see " Patents." 
 
 (6) Policies of life assurance seldom form the sole security for an Mortgages of 
 advance, but are usually supplemented either by a mortgage of other 
 property, or by the concurrence of sureties in the transaction for the 
 purpose of guaranteeing the payment of the interest and premiums, and, 
 sometimes, also of the principal. This concurrence may be effected either 
 by an independent deed or by making the surety a party to the mortgage 
 of the policy. 
 
 (c) A separate covenant for payment of interest enables the mortgagee 
 to recover the interest without calling in the principal. Where a mortgage 
 deed contained a covenant for payment of the principal sum on a specified 
 day, with interest in the meantime at the rate of 10 per cent., but thero 
 was no covenant for payment of interest after that day if the principal 
 should be then unpaid, it was held that interest after the day fixed for 
 payment was recoverable only as damages at the rate of 5 per cent. Re 
 Poberts, 14 Ch. D. 48. 
 
 p. VOL. II. 1 

 
 860 
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 Second 
 Testatnm. 
 
 Aftsignment 
 of policy. 
 
 llabenchtm, 
 
 subject to 
 redemption. 
 
 Proviso that 
 money shall 
 not be called 
 in for a 
 specified 
 time (rf). 
 
 Covenants by 
 mortgagor to 
 keep up 
 policy, &c. 
 
 long after that day as any principal money shall remain due under 
 this mortgage, to pay to the said [mortgagee] his executors, ad- 
 ministrators, or assigns, interest thereon at the same rate, by equal 
 
 half-yearly payments, on the day of - - and the - 
 
 day of - in every year. AND THIS INDENTURE 
 ALSO WITNESSETH, that for the consideration aforesaid, 
 the said [mortgagor] assigns, and, as beneficial owner, conveys 
 unto the said [mortgagee'], ALL THAT policy of assurance 
 on the life of the said [mortgagor], to which he, the said 
 
 [mortgagor], is entitled in the Life Assurance Society, 
 
 for the sum of , dated this day of , 19 , and 
 
 numbered - - at an annual premium of ; AND ALSO the 
 
 said sum of thereby assured, and all monies to be recovered 
 
 or received under or by virtue of the said policy by way of bonus 
 or otherwise: To HOLD all the premises UNTO the said [mort- 
 gagee], subject to redemption by the said [mortgagor], his execu- 
 tors, administrators, or assigns, on repayment of the said principal 
 
 sum of and interest for the same after the rate aforesaid in 
 
 pursuance of the covenant in that behalf hereinbefore contained, 
 and of all other monies (if any) owing on the security of these 
 presents: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the said [mortgagor] shall 
 pay the interest on the said sum of - half-yearly, or within 
 thirty days after the same shall become due, and shall commit no 
 breach of any of the covenants hereinafter contained, the said 
 [mortgagee'}, his executors, administrators, or, assigns, shall not 
 
 require payment of the said sum of before the day of 
 
 , 19 , unless the said [mortgagor] shall previously depart this 
 
 life, in which case all principal and other monies hereby secured 
 shall immediately become payable: AND THE SAID [mortgagor] 
 hereby covenants with the said [mortgagee] that the said policy 
 
 is now valid and subsisting for the said sum of , and that all 
 
 premiums thereon have been duly paid down to the date of these 
 presents, and that he, the said [mortgagor], his heirs, executors, or 
 administrators, will not do, or omit to do, any act whereby the 
 said policy or any other policy to be effected as hereinafter 
 mentioned may become void or voidable, but will regularly pay 
 the premiums payable for keeping on foot the said policy hereby 
 assigned, and from time to time deliver the receipt for the 
 premium for the current year to the said [mortgagee'], his execu- 
 
 (d) This proviso may, of course, be omitted, if desired.
 
 POLICY OF ASSURANCE. 861 
 
 tors, administrators or assigns, within days after the same 
 
 shall have become payable; AND THAT if the said policy hereby 
 assigned shall become voidable, the said [mortgagor] will im- 
 mediately, at his own cost, do all things necessary for restoring 
 and keeping on foot the same, and if the said policy shall become 
 void, will immediately, at his own cost, effect a new policy or 
 policies on his life in the name or names of the said [mortgagee], 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, in an office to be ap- 
 proved of by him or them, for the sum of at the least; AND Power for 
 
 in case he shall at any time refuse, neglect, or omit to pay, e*ff ecfne w 3 ** 
 produce, restore, or effect any such premium, receipt, or policy policy on 
 within the times or manner respectively aforesaid, it shall be default, 
 lawful for but not obligatory upon the said [mortgagee], his exe- 
 cutors, administrators, or assigns, to pay the premium, or restore 
 or effect the policy to which any such default, refusal, neglect, 
 or omission shall relate; AND the said [mortgagor], his executors, Coats of new 
 administrators, or assigns, will on demand repay to the said [mart- 
 gagee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, all monies which 
 he or they shall disburse for any of the purposes aforesaid, with 
 interest thereon at the rate aforesaid, until payment thereof; AND 
 will do and concur in all acts to enable him and them to effect any 
 such new or other policy as aforesaid; AND every new policy to 
 be effected as hereinbefore provided, and the monies to become 
 payable thereunder, shall be a security for all the monies intended 
 to be hereby secured, and subject to the covenants and provisions 
 herein contained in like manner as the said policy and premises 
 hereby assigned. IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 2. DEED OF COVENANT by two SURETIES that a MORT- 
 GAGOR shall regularly pay the INTEREST payable under 
 a MORTGAGE of a POLICY on his LIFE, and the PREMIUMS 
 in respect of the POLICY, for a given time. 
 
 THIS INDENTUKE, made the day of ,19, BETWEEN 
 
 [mortgagor], of, &c., of the first part; [surety], of, &c., and [surety], Parties, 
 of, &c., of the second part; and [mortgagee] of the third part; 
 WHEREAS by ian indenture of mortgage bearing even date herewith Recitals; 
 but executed before these presents, and made between the said of mortgage; 
 
 1(2)
 
 862 MORTGAGES. 
 
 [mortgagor] of the one part, and the said [mortgagee] of the other 
 part, in consideration of the sum of paid to the said [mort- 
 gagor] by the said [mortgagee], the said [mortgagor] has cove- 
 nanted with the said [mortgagee] for the repayment to him the 
 said [mortgagee], or his executors, administrators, or assigns, on 
 
 the day of next, of the principal sum of , with 
 
 interest for the same in the meantime after the rate of- -per 
 cent, per annum; And if the said principal sum shall not bo so 
 
 paid on the said day of next, for payment of interest for 
 
 the same after the rate aforesaid by equal half-yearly payments on 
 
 the - - day of , and the - - day of - - in every year, And 
 
 by the indenture now in recital, a policy of assurance for the sum of 
 
 effected by the said [mortgagor] on the day cf , 
 
 19 , on his own life with the Life Assurance Company, has 
 
 been assigned by the said [mortgagor] unto the said [mortgagee] 
 for securing the payment of the said principal sum and interest:' 
 And it is thereby provided that if the said [mortgagor] should 
 pay the interest [recite fully proviso that money shall not be 
 called in, see ante, p. 860]: And the said [mortgagor] has cove- 
 nanted with the said [mortgagee] for payment of the premium 
 and other monies, which from time to time shall become payable, 
 
 for keeping on foot the said policy of assurance, days at 
 
 least before the last day allowed for the payment thereof re- 
 of agreement spectively ; AND WHEREAS upon the treaty for the said mortgage, 
 and* premiums & was agreed that the payment of the interest of the said principal 
 
 should be gum up to and including the said day of (e), if the said 
 
 guaranteed 
 
 by sureties. principal sum or any part thereof should so long remain unpaid, 
 
 and also the payment of the premium and other monies which 
 
 during the first years of the continuance of the said policy of 
 
 assurance (if the said principal sum or any part thereof should 
 
 so long remain unpaid) should become payable for keeping the 
 
 said policy of assurance on foot, should be further secured by 
 
 the joint and several covenants of the said [sureties] as sureties 
 
 Tettatum. f or t h c said [mortgagor]: NOW THIS INDENTURE WIT- 
 
 severalove- NESSETH, that in pursuance .of the said agreement, and in 
 
 nants of consideration of the premises, the said [sureties], at the request and 
 
 with the privity of the said [mortgagor] testified by his execution 
 
 of these presents, do and each of them doth hereby covenant with 
 
 (e) I.e., the date specified in the proviso not to call in the money.
 
 POLICY OF ASSURANCE. 863 
 
 the said \mortcmqee] that the said \mortqaqorl, his heirs, executors. that mor *- 
 
 , , n J L gagorwUlpay 
 
 or administrators, shall on every day of , and day interest; 
 
 of , up to and including the said day of (if the said princi- 
 pal sum of or any part thereof shall so long remain unpaid), 
 
 pay to the said [mortgagee], his executors, administrators, or 
 assigns, the interest to become due on those days respectively for 
 
 the said principal sum of , or for so much thereof as shall 
 
 for the time being remain unpaid; AND ALSO shall pay - - days 
 at least before the last day allowed for payment of the same 
 respectively, the premium and other monies which during the first and 
 
 years of the continuance of the said policy of assurance (if the 
 said principal sum of , or any part thereof, shall so long re- 
 main unpaid), shall from time to time become payable for keeping 
 the said policy respectively on foot: PROVIDED ALWAYS, and it Indulgence to 
 is hereby agreed, that the giving of time to the said [mortgagor], 
 his heirs, executors, or administrators, for the payment of any sureties, 
 principal money or interest hereby secured, or any other indulgence 
 or arrangement which may be shown or entered into with him or 
 them, shall not in anywise release or discharge the said [sureties], 
 or either of them, or their or either of their heirs, executors, or 
 administrators, from their or his respective liability under the cove- 
 nants hereinbefore contained. IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 3. MORTGAGE of a POLICY of ASSURANCE effected in the 
 NAME of the MORTGAGEE; Two SURETIES covenant for 
 PAYMENT of PRINCIPAL and INTEREST, and of PREMIUMS 
 on the POLICY. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the day of , 19 BETWEEN 
 
 [mortgagor], of, &c., of the first part; [surety], of, &c., and Parties. 
 
 [surety], of, &c., of the second part; and [mortgagee], of, &c., of 
 
 the third part; WHEREAS the said [mortgagee] has agreed to lend Recitals; 
 
 tothesaid[mor#gior]thcsum of on having the repayment of agreement 
 
 thereof with interest at the rate hereinafter mentioned, secured 
 
 in manner hereinafter appearing, and for the purpose of securing O f policy of 
 
 such repayment has effected an assurance in his own name on the JJ^J ce 3 
 
 life of the said [mortgagor], in the Life Assurance Office for mortgagee ; 
 
 the sum of , by a policy dated the day of , 19 ,
 
 864 
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 of agreement 
 by sureties to 
 join. 
 
 Testalitm. 
 
 Joint and 
 several cove- 
 nants by 
 nmrtgagor 
 and sureties 
 for payment 
 of principal 
 and interest. 
 
 Declaration of 
 charge. 
 
 Joint and 
 several cove- 
 nants by 
 mortgagor 
 and sureties 
 that policy is 
 valid ; 
 
 to keep policy 
 on foot ; 
 
 numbered and under the annual premium of ; AND 
 
 WHEREAS the said [sureties'] have agreed to join in these presents 
 as sureties for the said [mortgagor] in manner hereinafter appear- 
 ing: NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that in pur- 
 suance of the said agreements, and in consideration of the sum of 
 , this day paid to the said [mortgagor] by the said [mort- 
 gagee] with the privity of the said [sureties], the receipt and pay- 
 ment whereof the said [mortgagor] and the said [sureties] hereby 
 respectively acknowledge, the said [mortgagor] and [sureties] 
 do, and as separate covenants each of them doth, hereby covenant 
 with the said [mortgagee], that they the said [mortgagor] and 
 [sureties], or their respective heirs, executors, or administrators, or 
 
 some or one of them, will on the day of , 19 , pay to the 
 
 said [mortgagee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, the 
 
 sum of , with interest in the meantime at the rate of 
 
 per cent, per annum; AND WILL ALSO, as long after that day 
 as any principal money shall remain due under this mortgage, 
 pay to him or them interest thereon at the rate aforesaid by equal 
 
 half-yearly payments on the day of , and the day of 
 
 in every year: AND IT is HEREBY DECLARED that so long as 
 any principal, interest, or other monies shall remain due on the 
 security of these presents, the said policy hereinbefore recited 
 to have been effected, and all monies recoverable or receivable under 
 or by virtue of the same policy, shall stand charged with, and 
 shall be redeemable only upon payment of the monies for the 
 time being so due and owing, and shall thereupon, at the request of 
 the said [mortgagor], his executors, administrators, or assigns, be 
 assigned to him or them, or as he or they shall direct; AND the 
 said [mortgagor] and [sureties] do, and as separate covenants each 
 of them doth, hereby covenant with the said [mortgagee] as 
 follows, that is to say, that the said policy is now valid and sub- 
 sisting for the sum of , and not void nor voidable, and is 
 
 free from incumbrances, and that the said [mortgagor] will not 
 do, or omit to do, nor suffer any act or thing whereby the said 
 policy or any other policy to be effected as hereinafter mentioned 
 may become void or voidable, but that the said [mortgagor] and 
 [sureties], or their respective heirs, executors, or administrators, 
 or some or one of them, will duly and regularly pay all premiums 
 and sums of money payable for keeping on foot the said policy, 
 and from time to time deliver or produce the receipt for every
 
 POLICY OF ASSURANCE. 865 
 
 such premium or sum to the said [mortgagee], his executors, ad- 
 ministrators, or assigns, within -- days after every such premium 
 or sum shall have become payable: AND that if the said policy to restore 
 hereinbefore recited to have been effected shall become voidable, P 011 ^ 01 "*? 60 * 
 
 ' a new policy 
 
 the said [mortgagor] and [sureties], and the respective heirs, exe- fa Hen thereof 
 
 cutors, or administrators of the said [sureties], or some or one of vo ia 
 
 them, will immediately at their or his own cost do, or cause to be 
 
 done, all things necessary for restoring and keeping on foot the 
 
 same, and if the said policy shall become void, will immediately 
 
 at the like cost effect a new policy or policies on the life of the 
 
 said [mortgagor] in the name or names of the said [mortgagee], 
 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, in an office to be approved 
 
 of by him or them, for the sum of - at the least: AND in case Power for 
 
 there shall at any time be any default, refusal, neglect, or ^^? agee to 
 
 omission to pay, produce, restore, or effect any premium, receipt, policy on 
 
 or policy within the times, and in manner respectively aforesaid, 
 
 it shall be lawf ul for but not obligatory on the said [mortgagee], 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, to pay the premium or 
 restore or effect the policy to which any such default, refusal, 
 neglect or omission shall relate; AND the said [m-ortgagor] and 
 [sureties], their respective heirs, executors, or administrators, or 
 some or one of them, will on demand pay to the said [mortgagee], 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, all monies which he or 
 they shall disburse with interest thereon at the rate aforesaid until 
 payment thereof, and will do and concur in all acts to enable him 
 and them to revive or effect any such new policy as aforesaid, and 
 every new policy to be effected as hereinbefore provided, and the 
 monies to become payable thereunder shall be a security for all 
 the monies intended to be hereby secured, and subject to the 
 covenants and provisions herein contained in like manner as the 
 said policy hereinbefore recited to have been effected, and the 
 monies to become payable under the same : PROVIDED ALSO, that Proviso that 
 although as between the said [mortgagor] and the said [sureties], J^bfe"^ 11 
 the said [sureties] are only sureties for the said [mortgagor], never- mortgagee as 
 theless as between the said [sureties] respectively and the said 
 [mortgagee], the said [sureties] shall be taken to be principal 
 debtors for all monies intended to be hereby secured, so that they 
 shall not, nor shall either of them, nor the heirs, executors, or ad- 
 ministrators of them, or either of them, bo released from their or 
 his liability, under these presents, by reason of time being given
 
 866 MORTGAGES. 
 
 to th(5 said [mortgagor], his heirs, executors, or administrators, or 
 by the release of any collateral securities for the monies intended 
 to be hereby secured, or by any other forbearance, act, or omission 
 of the said [mortgagee], or such other person or persons as afore- 
 said, or by any other matter or thing whereby the said [sureties], 
 or either of them, or the heirs, executors, or administrators oi' 
 them, or either of them, would be so released, but for this pro- 
 vision. IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 4. MORTGAGE of a POLICY of ASSURANCE on the 
 LIFE of the MORTGAGOR, issued under SPECIAL CON- 
 DITIONS, a certain number of Premiums having been 
 paid in advance. INTEREST in advance for a certain 
 number of years* is DEDUCTED from the PRINCIPAL ; 
 COVENANT for payment of INTEREST in advance there- 
 after; PROVISO that the PRINCIPAL shall NOT be CALLED 
 in for a certain time if the Mortgagor shall so long 
 live; and other SPECIAL PROVISIONS. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the- -day of -- , 19, BETWEEN 
 Parties. [mortgagor], of, &c., of the one- part; and [mortgagee], of, &c., of 
 
 Recitals; the other part; WHEREAS by a policy of assurance, effected by the 
 
 of policy of sa i(i [mortgagor] with the - Assurance Society, dated the 
 
 assurance . . , . 
 
 effected under day of - , 19 , and numbered -- , in consideration oi 
 
 s?a certain P aid b > tnc said [mortgagor] to the said society, the sum of 
 
 number of is assured to be paid to his executors, administrators, or assigns, 
 hav^ng'been within .one calendar month after satisfactory proof of his death 
 
 paid m shall have been received at the office of the said society, without 
 
 advance ; 
 
 any further payment, if such death shall happen on or before the 
 
 - day of , 19 , but thenceforth, at and under the 
 
 annual premium of , and subject to certain conditions and 
 
 regulations endorsed upon the said policy, as far as the same were 
 or should be applicable, in the same manner as if the same ro- 
 of agreement spectively were repeated and incorporated therein; AND WHEREAS 
 the said [mortgagee] has agreed to lend to the said [mortgagor] the 
 
 sum of , upon having the repayment thereof with interest at 
 
 the rate hereinafter mentioned, secured in manner hereinafter ap- 
 ft * iin Soiild l )Curin fc r; ^ ND WHEREAS, upon (ho treaty for the said loan it was
 
 POLICY OF ASSURANCE. 867 
 
 agreed that the said [mortgagor] should, out of the said principal 
 
 sum of -- , pay to the said [mortgagee] the sum of -- , being a certain' 
 
 the amount of - years' interest at the rate hereinafter mentioned numbe f " f 
 
 J ... years interest 
 
 on the same sum, and that in consideration thereof, the repayment in advance. 
 
 of the said principal sum of - should be deferred for the 
 
 term of - years, that is to say, until the -- day of -- , unless 
 
 the said [mortgagor] should die in the meantime, and that such pro- 
 
 vision should be made as is hereinafter contained in the event of 
 
 the said [mortgagor] dying before the -- day of- aforesaid 
 
 for a deduction or allowance of a proportionate part of the said 
 
 sum of -- for the portion of the term which shall then remain 
 
 unexpired. NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that, T*iat um . 
 
 in pursuance of the said agreement, and in consideration of the 
 
 sum of -- this day paid to the said [mortgagor] by the said 
 
 [mortgagee], the receipt whereof the said [mortgagor] hereby ac- 
 
 knowledges, but out of which sum of - the said [mortgagor] 
 
 has paid to the said [mortgagee] the sum of -- , in pursuance 
 
 of the hereinbefore recited agreement in that behalf, the receipt of 
 
 which sum of - the said [mortgagee] hereby acknowledges, 
 
 the said [mortgagor] hereby covenants with the said [mortgagee] Covenant for 
 
 that he the said [mortgagor], his heirs, executors, or administrators, 
 
 will, on the - day of - - next, pay to the said [mortgagee], interest 
 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, the sum of -- , tho 
 
 interest whereon, to accrue duo in the meantime, and also there- 
 
 after, until the day of -- , 19 , aforesaid, has been already 
 
 paid by the said [mortgagor] as aforesaid; AND will also, if and 
 
 so long as after the -- day of -- -, 19 , aforesaid, any principal 
 
 money shall remain due under this mortgage, pay to the said 
 
 [mortgagee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, interest 
 
 thereon at the rate of per cent, per annum, without any de- 
 
 duction, by equal half-yearly payments in advance on the -- day 
 
 of -- and the -- day of in every year. AND THIS IN- Second 
 
 DENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that, in further pursuance Tesl 
 
 of the said agreement and in consideration of the premises the said 
 
 [mortgagor] hereby assigns, and, as beneficial owner, conveys unto Assignment of 
 
 the said [mortgagee] ALL THAT the said policy of assurance here- po cy * 
 
 inbefore described, Together with the said sum of -- thereby 
 
 assured, and all other monies assured or to become payable by 
 
 virtue thereof, and the full benefit thereof; To HOLD the said 
 
 policy and premises hereby assigned unto the said [mortgagee], 
 
 SUBJECT to the proviso for redemption hereinafter contained: PRO-
 
 868 
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 Proviso for 
 redemption. 
 
 Proviso that 
 the principal 
 shall not be 
 called in for 
 a certain 
 time. 
 
 VIDED ALWAYS, that if the said [mortgagor], his heirs, executors, ad- 
 ministrators, or assigns, shall pay to the said [mortgagee], his exe- 
 cutors, administrators, or assigns, the said principal sum of 
 (subject to such deduction or allowance as is hereinafter provided) 
 on the day of - - next, then the said [mortgagee], his exe- 
 cutors, administrators, or assigns, will, at any time thereafter, at 
 the request and at the cost of the said [mortgagor], his heirs, execu- 
 tors, administrators, or assigns, re-assign the said policy to 
 the said [mortgagor], his executors, administrators, or assigns, 
 or as he or they shall direct [Covenant by mortgagor to 
 keep up policies and power for mortgagee to effect insurances 
 on default, <&c., ante, pp. 860, 861] : PROVIDED ALWAYS 
 that if and so long as all the covenants and stipulations 
 (other than the covenant hereinbefore contained for payment of 
 
 the said principal sum of hereby secured) herein contained or 
 
 implied by statute or otherwise, and on the part of the said [mort- 
 gagor] to be observed or performed, shall be observed and performed 
 by him, and if the said [mortgagor] shall not, in the meantime, 
 become bankrupt or enter into any statutory or other composition 
 or scheme for the arrangement or liquidation of his affairs for the 
 
 benefit of his creditors, the said principal sum of shall not, 
 
 nor shall any part thereof, be called in nor shall payment thereof, 
 nor of any part thereof, be enforced until the day of , 19 , 
 
 Provisoes that 
 if mortgagor 
 shall die or 
 repay the 
 
 the fixed day then and in such case the said principal sum of shall become 
 
 if the said [mortgagor] shall so long live: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that 
 if the said [mortgagor] shall die before the day of , 19 , 
 
 of repayment, 
 the surplus 
 interest shall 
 be deducted 
 from the 
 principal ; 
 
 payable to the said [mortgagee], his executors, administrators, or 
 assigns, immediately after the death of the said [mortgagor], de- 
 ducting therefrom a proportionate part of the said sum of 
 [sum retained for interest] for the period which shall then remain 
 unexpired of the said term of years from the date of these 
 
 presents, and that if the said principal sum of , after such 
 
 deduction therefrom as aforesaid, shall not be so paid, then interest 
 
 shall thenceforth be payable on the said principal sum of , 
 
 after such deduction therefrom as aforesaid, at the rate of 
 per cent, per annum, until payment thereof, anything hereinbefore 
 contained to the contrary notwithstanding: PROVIDED ALWAYS that 
 
 if the said [mortgagor] shall, before the day of , pay the 
 
 said principal sum of (which, upon giving calendar 
 
 months' notice in writing, he shall be at liberty to do), then he 
 the said [mortgagor] shall bo entitled to deduct therefrom a pro-
 
 POLICY OF ASSURANCE. 869 
 
 portionate part of the said sum of -- for the period which shall 
 
 then remain unexpired of the said term of years from the date 
 
 of these presents: AND IT is HEREBY FURTHER AGREED that if de- that costs, &c., 
 
 fault shall be made in payment of the said principal sum of -- , solicitor and 
 
 or any part thereof, contrary to the covenant for payment thereof c lent 
 hereinbefore contained, then the said policy of assurance and prc- themortgaged 
 rnises hereby assigned, and also such policy or policies as shall be po lcy * 
 effected in pursuance of the covenant in that behalf hereinbefore 
 contained, shall stand charged with the payment of all such costs, 
 charges, and expenses (if any) as shall be incurred by the said 
 [mortgagee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, in or about 
 the exercise or attempted exercise, or in any wise relating to any 
 statutory power of sale, or other power herein contained, or con- 
 ferred or implied by statute, by virtue of or incident to these 
 presents, or in or about any action or other proceeding or pro- 
 ceedings for the recovery of the principal monies and interest 
 hereby secured, or foreclosing the equity of redemption of the 
 mortgaged premises, or for obtaining payment of any monies 
 hereby assigned or otherwise, in relation to these presents, such 
 costs to be reckoned and allowed as between solicitor and client: 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS that it shall be lawful for the said [mort- Proviso as to 
 gagee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, to exercise the ""^^ 
 power of sale conferred on mortgagees by statute so soon after any payment. 
 principal monies hereby secured shall become payable and liable 
 to be called in, as notice, pursuant to the 20th section of the Con- 
 veyancing and Law of Property Act, 1881, requiring payment of 
 such monies, shall have been served on the said [ntortgagor], his 
 heirs, executors, or administrators, or some or one of them, and 
 default shall have been made in payment of such monies, or any 
 part thereof, for one calendar month after such service, or so 
 soon as some interest under this mortgage shall be in arrear and 
 unpaid for one calendar month after becoming due: PROVIDED Proviso 
 ALSO, and it is hereby expressly declared, that the 17th section rio-hTof^on- 
 of the said Act shall not apply to these presents, it being the solidation. 
 intention of the parties thereto that it shall be lawful for the 
 said \_mortgagee~], his executors, administrators, and assigns, to 
 consolidate this security with any security held by him or them 
 or property other than that herein comprised. 
 IN WITNESS, &c.
 
 870 
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 Recital of 
 will be- 
 queathiug 
 legacy. 
 
 Of death of 
 testator and 
 probate of 
 will; 
 
 That mort- 
 gagor is 
 entitled to 
 legacy; 
 That legacy 
 
 5. MORTGAGE of a LEGACY. VARIATION where the Mort- 
 gage is of a REVERSIONARY UNDIVIDED SHARE in 
 GENERAL PERSONAL ESTATE ; Also, where it is of a 
 FUND in COURT. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the day of , 19 BETWEEN 
 
 [mortgagor], of, &c., of the one part; and [mortgagee], of, &c., 
 
 of the other part; WHEREAS [testator], of , deceased, the father 
 
 of the said [mortgagor], by his will dated the day of , 
 
 19 , bequeathed unto each of his children the sum of 1,000, to 
 be payable when such children should respectively attain the ago 
 of twenty-one years (/), and appointed [executors], executors of 
 his said will; AND WHEREAS the said [testator] died on the 
 
 day of without having revoked or altered his said will, which 
 
 was d,uly proved by the said [executors], on the day of , 
 
 in the Principal Registry of the Probate Division of His Majesty's 
 High Court of Justice (gr); AND WHEREAS the said [mortgagor] 
 attained the ago of twenty-one years on the - - day of - (h) ; 
 AND WHEREAS the said legacy has not yet been paid, and the 
 
 (/) Or, " bequeathed unto [trustees] all his personal estate what- 
 soever and wheresoever, upon trust to pay the income thereof to 
 [ivife] his wife, during her natural life, and, at her decease, to 
 divide the same personal estate equally between his children, share 
 and share alike, for their respective absolute use and benefit." 
 
 (#) "And whereas the said [wife] the widow of the said [testator] 
 is still living; and whereas the said [testator] left four children 
 living at his decease, and the said [mortgagor] is one of such 
 children." 
 
 (A) If an action has been instituted for carrying into effect the trusts 
 of the testator's will, in which an order has been made, say: 
 " And whereas by an order of the Chancery Division of His 
 
 Majesty's High Court of Justice, dated the day of , made 
 
 by his Lordship Sir [A. B.] one of the judges of the said Court, in 
 an action wherein [C.D.] and others are plaintiffs, and the said 
 [executors] are defendants: [recite the introductory part of the 
 order] It was ordered that the trusts of the said [testator's] will 
 should be established and carried into execution, and that it should 
 bo referred," &c. [state the terms of the order, and the subsequent 
 proceedings (if any] in chambers'].
 
 LEGACY. 871 
 
 said [mortgagee] has agreed to lend the said [mortgagor] the sum 8ti N unpaid 
 
 of , at interest, on the security thereof: NOW THIS IN- mentfor 
 
 DENTUEE WITNESSETH, that, in consideration of the sum loan - 
 of this day paid by the said [mortgagee] to the said [mort- 
 gagor], (the receipt whereof the said [mortgagor] hereby acknow- 
 ledges), he the said [mortgagor] covenants [Covenant to pay princi- 
 pal and interest] : AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WIT- Second 
 NESSETH, that, for the consideration aforesaid, he the [mort- . , 
 fjagor] hereby assigns, and, as beneficial owner, conveys unto the of legacy, 
 said [mortgagee], ALL THAT the (i) legacy or sum of 1,000 so 
 bequeathed to him the said [mortgagor] by the hereinbefore recited 
 will of the said [testator], deceased, as aforesaid, and all monies to 
 become due and payable in respect of the same legacy (fr), TO- 
 GETHER with full power to demand, sue for, recover, receive, and 
 give effectual discharges for the same legacy and monies in the 
 name or names of the said [mortgagor], his executors or administra- 
 tors, or otherwise: To HOLD the said legacy (?) and other the Habendnm. 
 premises hereby assigned unto the said [mortgagee], his executors, 
 administrators, and assigns, UPON TRUST to receive the same, and 
 thereout in the first place to pay all costs and expenses of and inci- 
 dental to obtaining payment thereof, and in the next place to, 
 retain to himself and themselves all principal monies and interest 
 which shall then be due to him or them under or by virtue of this 
 security; AND to pay the surplus (if any) of the said legacy and 
 premises unto the said [mortgagor], his executors, administrators, 
 or assigns (m) , 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 (i) " one undivided fourth part or share of him the said [mort- 
 gagor], and all other his part and share of and in the personal estate 
 of the said [testator] deceased, given and bequeathed in and by 
 his hereinbefore-recited will, and all and every sums," &c. 
 
 (&) Add, if the assignment is of a fund in Court 
 " and all and every such sums or sum of money as shall be payable 
 to or recoverable by the said [mortgagor] under or by virtue of 
 the hereinbefore-recited order, or otherwise in the hereinbefore- 
 mentioned action." 
 
 (/) "undivided part or share." 
 
 (TO) If the assignment is of a fund in Court, proceed as follows: 
 "And the said [mortgagor] hereby empowers the said [mortgagee],
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 Recitals : 
 
 of title or 
 claim of 
 mortgagor ; 
 
 of proceedings 
 in action, and 
 state of fund 
 in Court ; 
 
 of agreement 
 for loan. 
 
 Testatiim. 
 
 6. MORTGAGE of REVERSIONARY INTEREST in a FUND 
 in COURT. PROVISO for CAPITALIZATION of INTEREST. 
 POWERS for MORTGAGEE to obtain a STOP ORDER and 
 INSTITUTE and DEFEND PROCEEDINGS in ACTION. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the- -day of , 19 , BETWEEN 
 
 [mortgagor], of, &c., of the one part; and [mortgagee], of, &c. and 
 [mortgagee] of, &c., of the other part; WHEREAS the said [mort- 
 gagor] as one of the children of [A. B., mother of mortgagor], is 
 
 or claims to be entitled, under a will dated the day of , 
 
 19 , of [testator], deceased, in reversion expectant on the death 
 of [person entitled to life interest in the fund], to one equal - 
 part, or share of and in the residuary estate of the said [testator] 
 and the monies, stocks, funds, and securities for the time being 
 constituting or representing the same; AND WHEREAS [Recite any 
 proceedings in the action]; AND WHEREAS the stocks, funds, and 
 investments constituting or representing the residuary estate 
 of the said [testator] are now the following, that is to say, the 
 sum of- and , standing in the name of the Paymaster- 
 General of the Chancery Division of His Majesty's High Court 
 of Justice in the said action; AND WHEREAS the said [mortgagees] 
 
 have agreed to lend to the said [mortgagor] the sum of upon 
 
 having the repayment of the same with interest at the rate here- 
 inafter mentioned secured in manner hereinafter appearing; AND 
 it has also been agreed that the said loan shall be continued and 
 
 the interest to accrue upon the said sum of shall be forborne 
 
 and allowed to accumulate by way of compound interest at the 
 option of the said [mortgagor] in manner hereafter appearing: 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that in pur- 
 
 his executors, administrators, and assigns, at the cost of the said 
 [mortgagor], his executors or administrators, to apply for, and ob- 
 tain, and in the name or names of the said [mortgagor], his execu- 
 tors or administrators, to concur in obtaining, or to consent to 
 an order in the said action for the purpose of preventing the 
 payment or transfer of the monies and premises hereby assigned 
 to any person or persons other than the said [mortgagee], his 
 executors, administrators, or assigns, without due notice thereof 
 to him or them, and to instruct solicitor and counsel accordingly."
 
 REVERSIONARY INTEREST. 873 
 
 suance of the said agreement and in consideration of the sum of Covenant to 
 -- now paid to the said [mortgagor] by the said [mortgagees] and merest* 
 out of monies belonging to them on a joint account (the receipt 
 of which sum of - the said [mortgagor] hereby acknow- 
 ledges), the said [mortgagor] hereby covenants, &c. [Covenant for 
 payment of principal and interest, ante, p. 859]: AND THIS IN- Second 
 DENTUEE ALSO WITNESSETH, that in further pursuance * 
 of tho said agreement and for the consideration aforesaid, the said 
 [mortgagor] hereby assigns, and, as beneficial owner, conveys unto 
 the said [mortgagees], ALL THAT part or share to which he the said 
 [mortgagor], as one of the three children of the said [A. B., mother 
 of mortgagor], is entitled under the hereinbefore recited will of 
 the said [testator], or otherwise, of or in the said sums of stock 
 respectively now constituting or representing the residuary estate 
 of the said [testator] as aforesaid, and of or in all other (if any) 
 the monies, stocks, funds, and securities, for the time being con- 
 stituting or representing the said residuary estate; To HOLD all Hnbendum, 
 the premises hereby assigned UNTO the said [mortgagees], their 
 executors, administrators, and assigns, SUBJECT to the proviso of subject to 
 redemption following, that is to say, that if the said [mortgagor], redem P tlon - 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall on the -- day of 
 , 19 , pay to the said [mortgagees^, their executors, adminis- 
 trators, or assigns, the sum of - and interest thereon at the 
 rate aforesaid, then the said [mortgagees], their executors, adminis- 
 trators, or assigns, will, at the request and cost of the said [mort- 
 gagor], his executors, administrators, or assigns, reconvey the 
 premises to the use of the said [mortgagor], his executors, adminis- 
 trators, and assigns, or as he or they shall direct. PROVIDED Proviso that 
 ALWAYS, that during the period of- years from the date of noTbe P called 
 these presents, if the said [person entitled for life] and [mortgagor] in during 
 shall both of them so long live, the said principal sum of - life tenant and 
 
 shall not, nor shall any part thereof, be called in, and in the like 
 
 event the interest accruing upon the said principal sum of - capitalization 
 
 during such period of years, and also all interest accruing 
 
 upon that or any other interest forborne and allowed to accumulate 
 
 by virtue of this present proviso, shall from time to time, and as the 
 
 same shall accrue half-yearly, bo forborne and added to the said 
 
 principal sum of -- as or in the nature of a further advance;, 
 
 AND shall carry interest at the rate of - per cent, per annum, 
 
 which shall be considered to be accrued due and payable from 
 
 time to time on the respective half-yearly days hereinbefore ap-
 
 874 
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 Proviso that 
 mortgagor 
 may never- 
 theless pay 
 interest so as 
 to prevent 
 capitalization. 
 
 Proviso deter- 
 mining 
 provision for 
 continuance of 
 loan and 
 capitalization 
 of interest in 
 certain events. 
 
 pointed for payment of interest on the said principal sum of , 
 
 so that by the addition and capitalization of interest as aforesaid, 
 the total principal monies hereby secured may be augmented upon 
 the footing of an accumulation at compound interest computed at 
 the rate of per cent, per annum, with rests taken or made 
 half-yearly on the day of and the day of - respec- 
 tively ; AND IT is HEREBY AGREED that all such additions by means 
 of capitalized interest, whether on the said principal sum or any 
 interest added thereto in the nature of further advances, shall be 
 charged upon all and singular the premises hereby assigned, and 
 shall to all intents and purposes be within the scope and operation 
 of the present security; AND FURTHER, that all such additions to 
 the said principal sum in the nature of further advances shall bo 
 payable by the said [mortgagor], his heirs, executors, and ad- 
 ministrators, upon the same being demanded by the said [mort- 
 gagees], their executors, administrators, or assigns; AND he the 
 said [mortgagor] hereby covenants for payment thereof upon de- 
 mand accordingly; BUT, nevertheless, it is hereby agreed that 
 in the event hereinbefore specified for the continuance of the said 
 
 principal sum of , any additions made thereto as aforesaid 
 
 shall not, nor shall any part thereof or interest thereon, be called 1 
 
 in during the said determinable period of years from the date 
 
 of these presents: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that notwithstanding any- 
 thing hereinbefore contained, it shall be lawful for the said [mort- 
 gagor], at any time Avithin days after any half -yearly day 
 
 appointed for the payment of interest under these presents, to pay 
 the interest accruing on such half-yearly day, which would under 
 the proviso hereinbefore in that behalf contained be treated as 
 or on the footing of a further advance made on that day; AND 
 
 every such payment of interest within days after the appointed 
 
 half-yearly day, shall wholly prevent the capitalization of the 
 interest so paid, but without interfering with the computation 
 and capitalization of prior or subsequent interest; AND THAT in 
 the event of the death of the said [person entitled to life interest] 
 or of the said [mortgagor] taking place within the said period 
 of - years, then immediately and without any notice being given 
 or any step taken for the purpose, the said provisions hereinbefore 
 
 contained for continuance of the said principal sum of and 
 
 forbearance of interest shall cease to have any further or pro- 
 spective operation, except so far as may be necessary for ascer- 
 taining the amount of the principal monies and interest owing
 
 REVP:RSIONARY INTEREST. 875 
 
 upon the present security at the time of the happening of such 
 event: PROVIDED ALWAYS that it shall be lawful for the said Power to 
 [mortgagees], their executors, administrators^ and assigns, at any r ^J. n p 
 time during the subsistence of this security, to appear either as 
 plaintiffs or defendants for the said [mortgagor], his executors or 
 administrators, in the said action or any proceedings taken or to 
 be taken therein for the purpose of obtaining a stop order or 
 stop orders, or of protecting the share, right, and interest of the 
 said [mortgagor] in the premises and otherwise to act in relation 
 to the premises as the said [mortgagees], their executors, adminis- 
 trators, or assigns, shall from time to time think proper, without 
 the necessity of serving any notice or order upon the [mortgagor], 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, or any person or persons 
 in his or their behalf, or of obtaining his or their concurrence, and 
 for the purposes aforesaid to instruct solicitors, counsel, and others, 
 as the said [mortgagees], their executors, administrators, or assigns, 
 may be advised : PROVIDED ALSO that for the purpose of enabling Power for 
 the said [mortgagees], their executors, administrators, and assigns, fagtitSfTntT 
 to obtain the full benefit and advantage of the assignment hereby defend pro- 
 made the said [mortgagor] hereby authorises and empowers the 
 said [mortgagees], their executors, administrators, and assigns, to 
 institute, prosecute, defend, appear or concur in, or compromise, or 
 put an end to all such actions or other proceedings as the said [mort- 
 gagees] shall think expedient to institute, or which shall have been 
 instituted either for recovering possession or obtaining payment 
 of the several parts, shares, and premises hereby assigned, or any 
 of them, or any monies which shall or may become recoverable or 
 receivable in respect of the same or any of them, when and as 
 the premises shall cease to be reversionary and become recoverable 
 or receivable, and generally for such purposes, or any of them, to 
 execute and give all such receipts, agreements, and releases by 
 deed or otherwise as he or they shall think reasonable and proper, 
 and to use the name or names of the said [mortgagor], his executors 
 or administrators, as the said [mortgagees] shall think fit; AND 
 it is hereby expressly agreed that all costs, charges, and expenses 
 as between solicitor and client to be incurred in the exercise of the 
 powers hereby given, or any of them, shall be considered as covered 
 by this present security, and bo allowed accordingly. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 B. VOL. ii. 2
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 Recitals: 
 
 of partner- 
 ship ; 
 
 of agreement 
 for loan. 
 
 Textatum. 
 
 Covenant to 
 pay principal 
 and interest 
 by monthly 
 instalment*. 
 
 Second 
 Tfstalum. 
 
 Charge of 
 shares in 
 partnership 
 
 Covenants by 
 mortgagor ; 
 
 7. MORTGAGE of a SHARE in a PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS, 
 the PRINCIPAL to be PAID by MONTHLY INSTALMENTS (w). 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19-, 
 
 BETWEEN [mortgagor], of, &c., of the one part; and [mortgagee], 
 of, &c., of the other part; WHEREAS the said [mortgagor] is a 
 partner in the firm of - , carrying on the business of - , at 
 
 , in the county of , under articles of partnership dated 
 
 the - - day of - ; AND WHEREAS the said [mortgagee] has 
 to lend to the said [mortgagor] the sum of , 
 
 upon having the repayment of the same by instalments, with 
 interest for the same, or for so much thereof as shall for the time 
 being remain unpaid secured in manner hereinafter appearing: 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that, in pur- 
 suance of the said agreement and in consideration of the sum 
 of - now paid to the said [mortgagor] by the said [mort- 
 gagee'] (the receipt whereof the said [mortgagor] hereby acknow- 
 ledges), the said [mortgagor} hereby covenants with the said 
 
 [mortgagee] to pay to him the sum of (o) within the period 
 
 of calendar months from the date of these presents by equal 
 
 monthly instalments, the first of such payments to be made on 
 
 the day of next, and the last of such payments to be 
 
 made on the day of , 19: AND THIS INDENTURE 
 
 ALSO WITNESSETH that the said [mortgagor] hereby 
 charges ALL THAT his share and interest in the said business, 
 and in the goodwill thereof, and in the capital, book debts, and 
 assets thereof, other than personal chattels within the meaning of 
 the Bills of Sale Acts, with the repayment to the said [mort- 
 gagee], his executors, administrators or assigns, of the monies 
 hereby secured at the times and in manner aforesaid; AND 
 the said [mortgagor] hereby covenants with the said [mortgagee] 
 
 () The assignment or mortgage by a partner of his share in the 
 business is now provided for by sect. 31 of the Partnership Act, 1890. 
 The assignee is not entitled to interfere in the management, require 
 accounts, or inspect books, but only to receive the assigning partner's share 
 of profits. A loan of money to a person engaged in business in return for 
 a share of profits, or at a rate of interest varying with profits, does not 
 necessarily make the lender a partner. 
 
 (o) This sum will be the aggregate amount of principal and interest, 
 an equal part of which will be repaid monthly by way of instalments.
 
 SHARE IN PARTNERSHIP. 877 
 
 that he the said [mortgagor] will, so long as he shall continue a to observe 
 partner in the said firm, and during the continuance of this partnership; 
 security, duly observe and perform all the covenants, conditions 
 and stipulations contained in the said articles, and on his part 
 to he observed and performed; AND that he will not do or suffer 
 -anything whereby the said partnership may be determined, or the 
 said share or interest, and premises hereby charged, or any of 
 them, may be incumbered or alienated, save in the ordinary course 
 -of business, or otherwise prejudicially affected in any way what- 
 soever; AND that he will at all times devote his time and atten- to devote 
 tion to the said business, and diligently and faithfully employ, business: 
 himself therein, and use his utmost endeavour to carry on the 
 same to advantage; AND that he will from time to time inform to give 
 and keep informed the said [mortgagee], his executors, adminis- to state of"* 
 trators and assigns, if and whenever requested so to do, of the business; 
 state and condition of the affairs of the said business, and of the 
 liabilities, assets, profits and losses thereof; AND will insure or to insure the 
 
 cause to be insured the leasehold premises in street, in premises ; 
 
 aforesaid, or any other premises in which the same business may 
 for the time being be carried on, together with the fittings and 
 fixtures thereof, against loss or damage by fire to the full value 
 thereof: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that any insurance of the same insurance 
 premises, effected or to be effected pursuant to the covenants in be pro tanto 
 
 t'hat behalf contained in the lease or leases under which such performance 
 
 of this cove- 
 -premises are held, shall be deemed to be pro tanto a performance nant. 
 
 of this covenant; AND the said [mortgagor] hereby irrevocably Power of 
 appoints the said [mortgagee], his executors, administrators and 
 assigns, to be his lawful attorney and attornies in the name and 
 on behalf of the said [mortgagor] to give notice of dissolution of 
 the said partnership, and to demand and take all accounts pur- 
 suant to the said articles of partnership, and to demand, sue for, 
 recover, receive and give valid receipts for all monies, effects and 
 things to which the said [mortgagor] is entitled under the said 
 articles of partnership, or otherwise in relation to the premises, 
 and for the purposes aforesaid or any of them to execute and do 
 all such instruments and things as may be deemed necessary or 
 expedient: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the said [mortgagor] shall Proviso that 
 die, or if he or the said firm shall become bankrupt, or enter into events the 
 any composition or scheme for the arrangement or liquidation, whole amount 
 statutory or otherwise, of his or their affairs, for the benefit of become pay- 
 
 2 (2) able "
 
 878 NOTICES. 
 
 his or their creditors generally, or if he shall fail to observe amf 
 perform any of the covenants herein contained and on his part 
 to be observed and performed, and particularly if he shall at any 
 time during the continuance of this security absent himself from 
 
 the said business at any time for more than days, except in 
 
 case of illness, without the consent of the said [mortgagee], his 
 executors, administrators, and assigns, then and in any such case- 
 
 the whole of the said sum of [principal and interest] shall 
 
 Proviso as to immediately become due and payable: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that 
 
 exercise of . , . , / 
 
 power of if the whole of the said sum shall become so due and payable as 
 sale - aforesaid, then the statutory powers of salo conferred on mort- 
 
 gagees by the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act, 1881, 
 shall immediately become exercisable without any restrictions as 
 to giving notice or otherwise. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 NOTICES (MISCELLANEOUS). 
 
 1. CESTUI QUE TRUST to TRUSTEES, calling upon them to 
 sell STOCK, and place out MONEYS on MORTGAGE. 
 
 I HEREBY authorise and request you to sell the sum of 
 Two and a Half per centum Consolidated Stock, now standing 
 in your names, as trustees of the will of [testator], my late hus- 
 band, deceased, and to lend the moneys arising therefrom to 
 [intended mortgagor], on the mortgage security of two leasehold 
 
 messuages, situate in , held for the remainder of a term of 
 
 seventy years, commencing in the year 1900, and respectively 
 subject to the general ground rents of and . 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of - , 19. 
 
 To [Trustees]. (Signed) [Cestui que trust].
 
 NOTICES. 879 
 
 2. STATUTORY NOTICE to CREDITORS (a). 
 
 [A. B.], deceased. PURSUANT to the Act of Parliament 22nd and 
 23rd Viet. c. 35, notice is hereby given that all creditors and 
 other persons having any claims or demands upon the estate of 
 [A. B.], late of, &c., deceased (who died on the - - day of 
 , 19 , and whose will was proved in the District Registry at 
 , of the Probate Division of the High Court of Justice, on 
 the day of - , 19 , by [executor], of, &c., the sole executor 
 named in the said will), are hereby required to send in writing; 
 full particulars of such claims and demands to the said executor 
 or to the undersigned Messrs. [C. D.] & Co., of No. - , - 
 Street, in the city of London, his solicitors, on or before the 
 - day of - next, after which date the said executor will 
 proceed to distribute the assets of the said testator among the 
 persons entitled thereto, having regard only to the claims and 
 demands of which he shall then have notice, and that he will not 
 be liable for the assets of the said testator, or any part thereof, 
 so distributed, to any person of whose debt or claim ho shall not 
 then have had notice. 
 
 Dated this - day of -. 
 
 [C. D.]&Co., 
 Solicitors for the Executor. 
 
 3. GRANTOR of ANNUITY to GRANTEE, of intention to RE- 
 PURCHASE. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that, pursuant to a power contained 
 
 in an indenture of grant of annuity, dated the day of - , 
 
 executed by you to me, I intend to re-purchase the said annuity 
 at the expiration of three calendar months from the date hereof. 
 And that I shall be prepared to pay to you at that time all 
 arrears of the said annuity, together with the sum of , the 
 
 (a) As to the distribution of the assets of a testator or intestate after 
 notice given by the executor or administrator to creditors to send in their 
 claims, see stat. 22 & 23 Viet. c. 35, s. 29.
 
 880 NOTICES. 
 
 price stipulated for the redemption thereof by the terms of the- 
 said indenture. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. [Grantee]. [Signature of Grantor], 
 
 4. PURCHASER to VENDOR, of Appointment of REFEREE 
 to value FIXTURES. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice that pursuant to the contract 
 entered into on the - - day of - , for the purchase by me, 
 of you, of a messuage or dwelling-house, situate in - , and 
 the fixtures therein, I have appointed [referee] as my nominee, to 
 make the valuation of the said fixtures; [and I beg to remind 
 you, that unless you also nominate some person on your behalf 
 to concur with the said [referee] in making such valuation, within 
 - days, my said nominee is empowered to proceed therein 
 alone]. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 To [Vendor]. (Signed) [-Purchaser]. 
 
 5. VENDOR'S SOLICITORS to PURCHASER to complete PUR- 
 CHASE. 
 SIR, 
 
 We hereby give you notice, on behalf of our client, Mr. - , 
 of, &c., the vendor of the freehold house and lands lately contracted 
 to be purchased by you by an agreement dated the - - day of 
 
 , that the day thereby fixed for completion of the purchase 
 is now long past, and that the vendor is ready and willing to make 
 and execute, and to procure the concurrence of all necessary parties 
 (if any) to a conveyance to yourself, or as you shall direct, of the 
 fee simple in possession of the premises comprised in the said 
 agreement, in accordance with the conditions and stipulations of 
 the same; and that the vendor requires you, within - - days 
 from this date, to complete the purchase, and pay the remainder, 
 of tho purchase-money with interest up to the day of such com- 
 pletion, as provided by the said agreement: And I further give 
 you notice, that the vendor will hold you liable for all loss ox
 
 NOTICES. 
 
 damage which may be incurred by him by reason of any delay- 
 er default on your part in completing the said purchase, or other- 
 wise in relation to the said agreement. 
 
 We are, &c., 
 
 A. B. &Co., 
 To [Purchaser], Esq. Vendor's Solicitors. 
 
 6. PURCHASER to VENDOR that his MONEY is producing 
 no INTEREST. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that the sum of , the unpaid 
 
 portion of the purchase-money, payable by me to you under the 
 
 contract between us, bearing date the day of - , is now 
 
 in the hands of my bankers, Messrs. - , having been appro- 
 priated to a special account to my credit, and is producing no 
 interest or advantage whatsoever [and therefore I shall hold myself 
 discharged from any obligation henceforth to pay interest for 
 the same]. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 To [Vendor], (Signed) [Purchaser]. 
 
 7 . TO produce TITLE-DEEDS. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, and require you to produce to Mr. 
 
 [solicitor], of - , solicitor, on the day of - - next, on 
 
 his application at your residence in the city of - , all the deeds 
 and writings mentioned or referred to in an indenture dated the 
 day of - , by which the same were covenanted to be pro- 
 duced by you to me [or, by which you acknowledged my right 
 to production of the same] ; and I hereby undertake to pay you the 
 reasonable costs and charges which may attend the production of 
 the said deeds and writings, on your informing me of the amount 
 thereof. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this day of , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. [Covenantor]. (Signed) [Covenantee].
 
 $88 
 
 NOTICES. 
 
 8. ONE PARTNER to another, of INTENTION to dissolve 
 PARTNERSHIP. 
 
 UNDER and by virtue of the power in this behalf contained 
 in the deed of articles establishing the partnership subsisting 
 
 between you and me, dated the day of - , 19 , I hereby 
 
 give you notice, that it is my intention to dissolve the said partner- 
 ship on the day of - - next. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. [Partner]. [Signature of Partner]. 
 
 9. ONE PARTNER to his CO-PARTNERS, of INTENTION to 
 RETIRE from the PARTNERSHIP. 
 
 GENTLEMEN, 
 
 Being desirous wholly to determine our present partnership so 
 far as relates to myself on the - - day of - next, and toi 
 retire from the same on that day, I hereby, pursuant to the 
 power enabling me so to do contained in our deed or articles of 
 
 partnership, dated the day of - , 19 , give you notice 
 
 in writing of such my desire: And I declare that our partnership 
 shall, so far as relates to myself, be hereby wholly determined 
 on the said - - day of - , and that I shall retire from the 
 same on that day. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 [Signature of Partner]. 
 
 To Messrs. - . 
 
 Dated. &c. 
 
 10. ONE PARTNER to another, dissolving PARTNERSHIP, in 
 consequence of BREACH of ARTICLES. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that, in consequence of your having 
 broken the - - article of our partnership deed, bearing date 
 the - - day of - , whereby it is provided (transcribe article), 
 I hereby, in pursuance of the power in that behalf contained in 
 
 the said deed, dissolve the said partnership from the day of 
 
 next, on which day I shall be prepared to pay you the amount 
 
 declared to be the value of your share in the partnership effects
 
 NOTICES. 88* 
 
 at our last annual settlement of accounts, and interest thereon, as 
 provided by the said partnership deed. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. [Partner]. [Signature of Partner]. 
 
 11. ONE PARTNER to another, dissolving a PARTNERSHIP, 
 subsisting without DEED. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that the partnership subsisting 
 between you and me in the trade or business of - is here- 
 by dissolved: And I request that you will concur with me in 
 taking the necessary steps for winding up the affairs of the said 
 joint concern, in order that all the engagements thereof may 
 bo forthwith discharged, and the remaining effects disposed of 
 and converted, and the moneys arising therefrom divided between 
 us in proportion to our respective shares therein. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. {Partner]. [Signature of Partner]. 
 
 12. OF DISSOLUTION of PARTNERSHIP, to be inserted in the 
 LONDON GAZETTE. 
 
 NOTICE is hereby given, that the partnership lately subsist- 
 ing between us in the city of Bristol, in the trade or business of 
 merchants, was this day dissolved by mutual consent [or " effluxion 
 of time," or otherwise, as the case may be]. 
 
 As WITNESS our hands, this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 (Signed) [A. B.] 
 [C. D.] 
 
 13. PARTNERS, after DISSOLUTION of PARTNERSHIP, to 
 a DEBTOR of the FIRM to pay DEBT to the JOINT AGENT 
 of the PARTNERS. 
 
 WE hereby give you notice that the partnership lately subsist- 
 ing between us under the firm of & Co., was dissolved on 
 
 the day of - - last, and we request you to pay the debt 
 
 owing by you to us to Mr. [receiver], who is duly authorised to
 
 884 NOTICES. 
 
 receive the same, and whose receipt shall be your sufficient dis- 
 charge. 
 
 As WITNESS our hands, this - - day of , 19 . 
 
 To Messrs. [Debtors]. (Signed) [A. B.] 
 
 [C. D.] 
 
 14. OF MORTGAGE by the MORTGAGEE to the MORTGAGOR'S 
 TENANT. 
 
 To Mr. C. D. 
 
 Sir. Take notice, that by an indenture dated the - - day of 
 
 , 19 , and made or expressed to be made between [as the 
 
 case may be], the [messuage or dwelling-house and land, or as 
 
 the case may be], with the appurtenances situate and being [at 
 
 or in the parish of ], in the county of - , now in your 
 
 possession (together with other hereditaments) were conveyed and 
 assured unto and to the use of me, the said E. F., my heirs and 
 assigns [or executors, administrators and assigns, for a term of 
 
 years from the day of - , 19 ], for securing the 
 
 sum of with interest for the same at the rate of per 
 
 cent, per annum [at a day now past, or on the day of - 
 
 next], and you are hereby required to pay to me all rent and 
 arrears of rent due and payable, and hereafter to become due 
 and payable from you in respect of the said premises in your 
 possession: And in case of any default I shall distrain or sue for 
 the said rent, or bring an action of ejectment to recover possession 
 of the said [messuage or dwelling-house and land], with the appur- 
 tenances in your possession, or otherwise put the law in force as 
 I may be advised. 
 
 Dated this - day of , 19 . 
 
 Yours, &c., 
 
 E. F., of . 
 
 15. THE LIKE, by MORTGAGEE'S SOLICITOR. 
 
 To Mr. C. D. 
 
 Sir, Take notice, that by an indenture dated the - - day of 
 
 case may be~\, the [farm and lands, or as the case may be], with
 
 NOTICES. 
 
 the appurtenances situate [at or in the parish of - ], in 
 
 the county of , now in your possession (together with other 
 
 hereditaments) were conveyed and assured to the said E. F. (the 
 mortgagee], his heirs and assigns [or his executors, administrators 
 
 and assigns, for the term of years from the day of - , 
 
 19 ], for securing the sum of with interest for the same at 
 
 the rate of per cent, per annum [at a day now past, or on 
 
 the day of next]: Now I do hereby as the solicitor of 
 
 and for the said E. F. and on his behalf, give you notice of the 
 said indenture, and require you to pay to the said E. F. all rent 
 and arrears of rent now due and payable, and hereafter to become 
 due and payable from you in respect of the said premises in your 
 possession: And take notice, that in case of any default the said 
 E. F. will distrain or sue for the said rent, or bring an action 
 of ejectment to recover possession of the said [farm and lands], 
 with the appurtenances in your possession, or otherwise put the 
 law in force, as he may be advised. 
 Dated this - - day of , 19. 
 
 Yours, &c., 
 
 G. H., of , 
 
 Solicitor for the said E. F. 
 
 16. RECEIVER for MORTGAGEE to TENANT. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that by an indenture dated the 
 
 day of last, made between [mortgagor], of - , of the 
 
 first part, [mortgagee], of , of the second part, and me, the 
 
 undersigned [receiver], of the third part, the messuage and piece 
 
 of ground situate in the parish of , in the county of , 
 
 in your occupation, were, with other hereditaments, conveyed by 
 the said [mortgagor] unto and to the use of the said [mortgagee] 
 in fee simple by way of mortgage, for securing the sum of 
 and interest; and by the same indenture full power and authority 
 were given to me, as the agent and receiver of the said [mort- 
 gagee], to receive the rents thereof, and to give effectual dis- 
 charges for the same. And I accordingly require you to pay to 
 me the rent now due, and hereafter to become due from you, in 
 respect of the said premises accordingly. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this day of . 
 
 To Mr. [Tenant]. (Signed) [Receiver].
 
 886 NOTICES. 
 
 17. SECOND to FIRST MORTGAGEE. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that by an indenture dated the 
 - day of - , and made between [mortgagor], of the one 
 part, and me, the undersigned [mortgagee], of the other part, 
 the several messuages, lands, and hereditaments, situate in - 
 now in mortgage to you, were conveyed to me by the said [mort- 
 gagor] in fee simple by way of mortgage, for securing the sum 
 of and interest. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this day of - 
 
 [Signature of Second mortgagee']. 
 
 To Mr. [First mortgagee]. 
 
 18. MORTGAGOR to MORTGAGEE, of INTENTION to pay 
 off MORTGAGE DEBT. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that I shall pay the principal sum 
 
 of and interest owing from me to you, secured by an 
 
 indenture of mortgage dated the day of , at the expira- 
 tion of six calendar months from the date hereof. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - - day of . 
 
 To Mr. [Mortgagee]. [Signature of Mortgagor . 
 
 19. MORTGAGEE to MORTGAGOR of INTENTION to SELL, 
 unless PRINCIPAL and INTEREST MONEYS be paid at a 
 CERTAIN TIME. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that I require you to pay off within 
 
 - calendar months from the date hereof (6), the principal and 
 
 interest moneys (c), owing to me by virtue of the indenture of 
 
 mortgage executed by you to me, dated the day of - , 
 
 19 , and further that in default of your so doing, I shall imme- 
 
 (6) To enable a mortgagee to exercise the statutory power of sale, 
 three months' notice is required, unless otherwise provided by the mortgage 
 deed. 
 
 (c) Add " and costs," if any.
 
 NOTICES. 887 
 
 diately proceed to a sale of the messuages and hereditaments in 
 the said indenture comprised, or such part or parts thereof as I 
 may think fit. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this - day of , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. [Mortgagor] (d). [Signature of Mortgagee]. , 
 
 20. MORTGAGEE to MORTGAGOR, requiring immediate 
 PAYMENT where the ADVANCE and INTEREST are PAYABLE 
 on DEMAND. 
 
 I HEREBY demand of you immediate payment of the principal 
 sum of , now owing from you to me on tlie security of an 
 indenture of mortgage, dated the - day of - , 19 , and 
 the interest at the rate of - per cent, per annum as from, the 
 
 - day of last, owing in respect thereof. 
 
 As WITNESS toy hand, this day of , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. [Mortgagor]. [Signature of Mortgagee]. 
 
 21. PURCHASER of an EQUITY of REDEMPTION, to MORT- 
 GAGEE. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice, that by an indenture dated the 
 
 day of last, made between [vendor], of - , of the 
 
 one part, and me, the undersigned [purchaser], of the other part, 
 all and singular the lands and hereditaments situate in the parish 
 
 of - , in the county of , now in mortgage to you from the 
 
 said [vendor], for securing and interest, were, for a 
 
 pecuniary consideration, absolutely conveyed and assured unto 
 and to the use of me, the said [purchaser], my heirs and assigns 
 for ever, subject to your said mortgage thereon. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand, this day of , 19 . 
 
 To Mr. [Mortgagee]. (Signed) [Purchaser]. 
 
 (d) If it is not known who are the persons interested in the equity of 
 redemption, the notice should be left on the premises (see sect. 67 of the 
 Conveyancing and Law of Property Act, 1881), addressed as follows: 
 " To Mr. [Mortgagor] if living, or his legal representatives, 
 or other the persons interested in the equity of redemption of 
 the messuage and premises referred to in the above notice."
 
 NOTICES. 
 
 22. TO ABATE a NUISANCE (e). 
 
 [After statement of circumstances causing the nuisance']: Now 
 without any prejudice to any right of action for the damages I 
 have already sustained, or may sustain in consequence of the 
 premises, I hereby give you notice, and require you immediately to 
 remove the said nuisance and obstruction: and I further give you 
 notice, that if such removal shall not take place before, &c., I 
 shall with such workmen as may be necessary, immediately pro- 
 ceed to abate and remove such nuisance, as I am by law entitled 
 to do, and shall require you to pay the expenses attendant there- 
 upon. I further apprise you, that should you wish any other 
 reasonable time in lieu of the above, I will alter the time accor- 
 dingly; and I further beg to inform you, that the materials of such 
 obstruction shall be deposited at any place you may name, and in 
 default of your mentioning any place, I shall cause them to be 
 deposited at, &c. 
 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 23. TO PAY INTEREST on SIMPLE CONTRACT DEBT 
 under 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 42, 9. 28. 
 
 MR. . 
 
 I hereby require payment of the debt of , due from 
 
 you to me, and give you notice that I shall claim interest from 
 the date of this demand on the account of such debt until the actual 
 payment thereof. 
 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 24. TO SHERIFF. Of GOODS TAKEN under Fi. Fa. being 
 only LET to DEFENDANT and not his PROPERTY (/) . 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice that the several goods and chattels 
 specified in the schedule at the foot thereof [hereunto annexed], and 
 
 (e) When a nuisance is anticipated, notice should be given as soon 
 as possible and before action brought, and the form would then run 
 " I, &c., give you notice that the building, &c., now being erected 
 is likely to become and to be a nuisance, &c." 
 
 (/) A similar notice can be given to a County Court bailiff and hi? 
 officers where execution levied from County Court.
 
 NOTICES. 
 
 taken by you under a writ of fieri facias against) , are not 
 
 the property of the said , but are my property [and are let to 
 
 the said for the term of , expiring at or whatever the terms 
 
 are ], and further take notice that I shall claim damages 
 
 against you if you fail to give up possession immediately. 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 To , Esq., sheriff of the county of - , and to , his 
 
 officer, in possession, and to whomsoever else the same 
 may concern. 
 
 (Signed) - . 
 
 25 . TO AN INFANT to RETURN GOODS (in order to support 
 
 an ACTION). 
 Sir, 
 
 On, &c., you obtained from me certain goods, viz. [stating 
 them] under colour and pretence of purchasing and paying for 
 them on, &c., and you have refused to pay for the same under the 
 pretence of your being or having been an infant at the time you 
 obtained the same, and you have refused to pay for the same, or 
 to return them: Now, therefore, I hereby demand and require you 
 immediately to pay for the same, and in case you refuse to do so, 
 and you are or were an infant at the time you obtained the said 
 goods, then I hereby demand and require you immediately to 
 return and to deliver the said goods to me, or I shall immediately 
 commence an action to recover the same or their value . 
 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 26. BY INNKEEPER of SALE of GOODS. 
 
 If J. T., of - , does not remove the [horse and carriage, or as 
 
 the case may be] which he left on the day of at the 
 
 Hotel in - - by the - day of next, the same will be sold 
 
 by public auction at Messrs. rooms in on the day of 
 
 , to defray the expenses incurred in connection therewith. 
 
 To J. T.,of . 
 
 (Signed) [the fond-lord].
 
 890 NOTICES. 
 
 27. OF THE AUTHORITY of an AGENT having CEASED. 
 
 NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN that E. F., &c., is no longer authorised 
 by me, A. B., of, &c., to draw, accept, or indorse any bill or note* 
 or sell goods, or contract on credit or otherwise on my behalf, or 
 to transact any business for me as my agent or otherwise. 
 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 28. OF BILLS having be.en FRAUDULENTLY OBTAINED. 
 Caution Bills of Exchange. 
 
 WHEREAS [three] several bills of exchange, bearing date re- 
 spectively, &c. [add description of same], were severally obtained 
 from me under false pretences, and without any consideration 
 whatever for the same: Now I do hereby caution all persons. from 
 receiving or negotiating the same or any of them. 
 
 Every information respecting the above bills will be given on 
 application to, &c. 
 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 29. NOT TO TRUST a WIFE. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that Mrs. E. B., my wife, is no longer autho- 
 rised by me to make any purchase or contract on my behalf, and 
 that I will not be responsible for the performance of any engage- 
 ments she may enter into or for any debts she may contract after 
 this date. 
 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 30. ON MAKING a TENDER. 
 Sir, 
 
 The bearer is directed by me to pay or tender you the sum of 
 [thirty pounds ten shillings and sixpence'], in respect of the debt 
 or sum of money claimed by you, and such tender and offer is and 
 will be made unconditionally, and without any reserve or any 
 condition or terms whatever; and to avoid all possible doubt, I 
 beg you to understand that the said sum of money is to be offered,
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 891 
 
 paid, and received without prejudice to any claim you may have 
 on me for any larger or different sum of taoney. 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 31. NOT to TRESPASS. Common Form. 
 
 To A. 
 
 I do hereby give you notice not to shoot, hunt, course, fish,, 
 hawk, fowl, enter, or come upon the lands and premises, or any 
 
 part thereof, in my occupation in the parishes of or elsewhere 
 
 in the County of S . on any pretence whatever, for if you do after 
 this notice you will be deemed a wilful trespasser and an action 
 will be brought against you for damages. 
 
 DATED, &c. 
 
 (Signed) . 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS (a). 
 
 1. MODEL KAIL WAY BILL. 
 
 WHEEEAS, &c. 
 
 And whereas plans and sections showing the lines and levels 
 of the railways authorised by this Act and also books of reference 
 containing the names of the owners and lessees or reputed owners 
 and lessees and of the occupiers of the lands required or which 
 may be taken for the purposes or under the powers of this Act 
 were duly deposited with the clerk of the peace for the county 
 
 of and are hereinafter respectively referred to as the deposited 
 
 plans, sections and books of reference: 
 
 And whereas the purposes of this Act cannot be effected with- 
 out the authority of Parliament: 
 
 May it therefore please Your Majesty that it may be enacted 
 
 (a) See also " Railways," " Tramways." 
 B. VOL'. II. 3
 
 892 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Short title. 
 
 Incorporation 
 
 Interpreta- 
 
 tion of term 
 
 "parish 
 
 Deposit of 
 
 coun " 
 [Ireland only.'} 
 
 and be it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty by and 
 with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal 
 and Commons in this present Parliament assembled and by the 
 authority of the same as follows: 
 
 i r. n i s Act may fe c j te( j as tne -- Eailway Act 19. 
 
 [This Bill is drawn for a railutay, but many of the clauses 
 are (mutatis mutandis) applicable to other Bills.'] 
 
 2. The -- &c., &c., are (except where expressly varied by this 
 Act) incorporated with and form part of this Act. 
 
 [It is advisable that in incorporating specified sections of 
 any Acts the marginal notes as well as the numbers 
 of the sections incorporated should be given. 1 
 
 3. In this Act the several words and expressions to which 
 meanings are assigned by the Acts wholly or partially incorporated 
 herewith have the same respective meanings unless there be some- 
 thing in the subject or context repugnant to such construction: 
 and 
 
 The expression '* the company " means the company incor- 
 porated by this Act; the expressions " the railway " and " the 
 undertaking " mean respectively the railway and the undertaking 
 by this Act authorised. 
 
 [All words in the Bill requiring interpretation should be 
 dealt with in this clause.'] 
 
 4 phc expressions "parish clerks" and "clerks of the several 
 parishes " in sects. 7, 8 and 9 of the Railways Clauses Consolida- 
 
 tion Act 1845 sh]a11 ' ** re gards the Administrative County of 
 London, mean the town clerks of the metropolitan boroughs and 
 the town clerk of the City of London. 
 
 5. T ne provisions of sects. 7, 8 and 9 of the Railways Clauses 
 Consolidation Act 1845 shall for the purposes of this Act be 
 read and construed as if the expression " clerks of the district 
 councils within which such parishes are included in Ireland" or 
 the words "clerks of the district councils" (as the case may.be) 
 had been inserted in those sections in lieu of the expression " the 
 postmasters of the post towns in or nearest to such parishes in 
 Ireland " or in lieu of the word " postmasters " (as the case may 
 be).
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 893 
 
 6. A. B., C. D. &c. (6) and all other persons who have already Company 
 subscribed to or shall hereafter become proprietors in the 
 undertaking and their executors, administrators, successors and 
 assigns respectively shall be and are hereby united into a company 
 
 for the purpose of making and maintaining the railway and for 
 other the purposes of this Act, and for those purposes shall be 
 and are hereby incorporated by the name of the - - Railway 
 Company, and by that name shall be a body corporate with per- 
 petual succession and a common seal, and with power to purchase, 
 take, hold and dispose of lands and other property for the purposes 
 of this Act. ' i 
 
 7. Subject to the provisions of this Act the Company may Power tomake 
 make and maintain in the line and according to the levels shown 
 
 on the deposited plans and sections the railway hereinafter 
 described with all proper stations, sidings, approaches, works and 
 conveniences connected therewith and may enter upon, take and 
 use such of the lands delineated on the deposited plans and de- 
 scribed in the deposited books of reference as may be required for 
 that purpose. The railway hereinbefore referred to and authorised 
 3by this Act is: 
 
 A railway in length commencing at and terminating 
 
 at . 
 
 [The Standing Orders require that the length of each rail- 
 way shall be set forth in miles, furlongs, chains, and 
 links or yards or decimals of a chain.'] 
 
 CAPITAL AND BORROWING. 
 
 8 . The capital of the company shall be pounds in Capital. 
 
 shares of ten pounds each. 
 
 9 . The company shall not issue any share created under the Issue of 
 authority of this Act nor shall any such share vest in the person 
 accepting the same unless and until a sum not being less than one 
 
 fifth of the amount of such share is paid in respect thereof. 
 
 10. One fifth .of the amount of a share shall be the greatest Calls. 
 
 amount of a call and months at least shall be the interval 
 
 between successive calls and of the amount of a share shall be 
 
 the .utmost aggregate amount of the calls made in any year upon 
 any share. 
 
 (&) At least five names should be given. 
 
 3(2)
 
 894 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Receipt in 
 case of 
 persons not 
 \n i jurix. 
 
 Power to 
 borrow. 
 
 Appointment 
 of receiver. 
 
 11. If any money is payable to a shareholder or mortgagee or 
 debenture stock holder being a minor, idiot or lunatic, the receipt 
 of the guardian or committee of his estate shall be a sufficient 
 discharge to the company. 
 
 [Here insert every special or other provision affecting the 
 share capital of the company ; and if shares are to be 
 taken by another company, the clause allowing this 
 should be here inserted, but the provisions for enabling 
 the other company to raise money for that purpose must 
 appear in a subsequent part of the Bill. See Special 
 Clauses, p. 916.] 
 
 12 . The company may borrow on mortgage of the undertaking 
 
 any sum not exceeding in the whole pounds but no part thereof 
 
 shall be borrowed until the whole capital of- pounds is issued 
 and accepted and one half thereof is paid up, and the company have- 
 proved to the justice who is to certify under the fortieth section of 
 the Companies Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 before he so certi- 
 fies that the whole of such capital has been issued and accepted and 
 that one half thereof has been paid up, and that not less than one- 
 fifth part of the amount of each separate share in such capital has- 
 been paid on account thereof before or at the time of the issue 
 or acceptance thereof, and that such capital was issued bona fide 
 and is held by the persons to whom the same was issued, or their 
 executors, administrators, successors or assigns, and that such 
 persons, their executors, administrators, successors or assigns are 
 legally liable for the same; and upon production to such justice 
 of the books of the company and of such other evidence as he 
 shall think sufficient, ho shall grant a certificate that the proof 
 aforesaid has been given, which shall be sufficient evidence thereof. 
 
 13. The mortgagees of the undertaking may enforce payment 
 of arrears of interest or principal or principal and interest due on 
 their mortgages by the appointment of a receiver. In order to- 
 authorise the appointment of a receiver in respect of arrears of 
 principal the amount owing to the mortgagees by whom tho ap- 
 plication for a receiver is made shall not be less than pounds 
 
 in the whole. 
 
 [About one-tenth of the sum to be borrowed is the usual 
 
 amount to be here inserted but not exceeding 10,000. 1 
 
 [When further borrowing pouters are given to an existing 
 
 company, all powers under previous Acts for the ap-
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 895 
 
 pointment of a receiver are to be repealed (without 
 prejudice to any appointment theretofore made or 
 proceedings then pending), and the above clause is to 
 be substituted.] 
 
 14. The company may create and issue debenture stock subject Debenture 
 to the provisions of Part III. of the Companies Clauses Act 1863, 
 
 but notwithstanding anything therein contained the interest of all 
 debenture stock and of all mortgages at any time [after the passing 
 of this Act] created and issued or granted by the company under 
 [any previous Act or] this [Act] or any subsequent Act shall 
 subject to the provisions of any subsequent Act rank pari passu 
 (without respect to the dates of the securities or of the Acts of 
 Parliament or resolutions by which the stock and mortgages were 
 authorised), and shall have priority over all principal moneys 
 secured by such mortgages. Notice of the effect of this enactment 
 shall be endorsed on all mortgages and certificates of debenture 
 stock . 
 
 [This clause is to be inserted in the case of all new companies, 
 and of all existing companies, which have not issued 
 debenture stock. In the latter case the ivords " after 
 the passing of this Act " must be inserted if there is 
 cmy mortgage, debt.] 
 
 \ln the case of existing companies which have already adopted 
 the model debenture stock clause the folloiving may be 
 used.] 
 14A. The company may create and issue debenture stock subject Debenture 
 
 to the provisions of sect. - - of the Act of . Notice of the 
 
 effect of that enactment shall be endorsed on all mortgages and 
 certificates of debenture stock. 
 
 [Here ins-ert all special provisions (if any] affecting the 
 borrowing powers of the company .] 
 
 15. All moneys raised under this Act whether by shares [de- Application of 
 benture stock] or borrowing shall be applied only to the purposes 
 
 of this Act to which capital is properly applicable. 
 
 MEETINGS, DIRECTORS, &c. 
 
 10. The first ordinary meeting of the company shall be held First ordinary 
 within six months after the passing of this Act.
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Number of 
 directors. 
 
 Qualification 
 of directors. 
 
 Quorum . 
 
 First aud 
 
 Hubsequeut 
 
 directors. 
 
 [Here insert any clauses as to general meetings and scale 
 of voting, if the provisions of the general Act are de- 
 parted from.] 
 
 17. The number of directors shall be ; but the company 
 
 may vary the number, provided that the number be not at any time 
 more than or less than . 
 
 18. The qualification of a director shall be the possession in 
 his own right of not less than shares. 
 
 19. The quorum of a meeting of directors shall be . 
 
 20. A.B., C.D. &c. [and - - persons to be nominated by them 
 or the majority of them and consenting to such nomination] shall 
 be the first directors of the company, and shall continue in office 
 until the first ordinary meeting held after the passing of this Act. 
 
 At that meeting the shareholders present in person or by proxy 
 may either continue in office the directors appointed by this Act 
 [or nominated as aforesaid] or any of them, or may elect a new 
 body of directors or directors to supply the place of those not 
 continued in office, the directors appointed by this Act [or nomi- 
 nated as aforesaid] being if they continue qualified eligible for 
 election . 
 
 At the first ordinary meeting to be held in every year after 
 the first ordinary meeting the shareholders present in person or 
 by proxy shall (subject to the power hereinbefore contained for 
 
 varying the number of directors) elect persons to supply the 
 
 places of the directors then retiring from office, agreeably to the 
 provisions of the Companies Clauses Consolidation Act 1845. 
 
 The several persona elected at any such meeting being neither 
 removed nor disqualified nor having died or resigned shall continue 
 to be directors until others are duly elected in their stead . 
 
 Lands for 
 
 extraordinary 
 
 nurposes. 
 
 LANDS. 
 
 21. The quantity of land to be taken by the company by 
 agreement for the extraordinary purposes mentioned in the Rail- 
 ways Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 shall not exceed acres, 
 
 but nothing in that Act or in this Act shall exempt the company 
 from any indictment, action or other proceeding for nuisance in 
 the event of any nuisance being caused or permitted by them upon 
 any land so taken .
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 897 
 
 22. The powers of the company for the compulsory purchase Period for 
 of lands for the purposes of this Act shall cease after the expiration 
 
 of three years from the passing of this Act. lands. 
 
 23 . Persons empowered by the Lands Clauses Acts to sell an'd Persons under 
 convey or release lands may if they think fit subject to the pro- SSt!Se^* y ' 
 visions of those Acts and of this Act grant to the company any ments, &c. 
 easement, right or privilege (not being an easement, right or privi- 
 lege of water in which persons other than the grantors have an 
 interest) required for the purposes of this Act in, over or affecting 
 any such lands, and the provisions of the said Acts with respect to 
 lands and rentcharges so far as the same are applicable in this 
 behalf shall extend and apply to such grants and to such ease- 
 ments, rights and privileges as aforesaid respectively. 
 
 24. And whereas in the construction of the railways and'workfi Owners may 
 hereby authorised or otherwise in exercise of the powers of this to^dl parts 
 Act it may happen that portions only of the houses or other only of certain 
 buildings or manufactories shown on the deposited plans may be bnildinjrs. 
 sufficient for the purposes of the same, and that such portions may 
 be severed from the remainder of the said properties without 
 material detriment thereto ; therefore notwithstanding section 
 ninety-two of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 the 
 owners of and other persons interested in the houses or other 
 buildings or manufactories described in the Schedule to this Act, 
 and whereof parts only are required for the purposes of this Act, 
 may, if such portions can in the opinion of the jury, arbitrators 
 or other authority to whom the question of disputed compensation 
 shall be submitted be severed from the remainder of such pro- 
 perties without material detriment thereto, be required to sell 
 and convey to the company the portions only of the premises so 
 required without the company being obliged or compellable to 
 purchase the whole or any greater portion thereof, the company 
 paying for the portions required by them and making compen- 
 sation for any damage sustained by the owners thereof and other 
 parties interested therein by severance or otherwise. 
 
 [The following clause is admissible in the case of well 
 established companies, especially in connection ivith 
 uridenings oj existing works J] 
 25 And whereas in the construction of the works by this Act Owners may 
 
 ... PL 06 required tc* 
 
 authorised or otherwise in the exercise by the company 01 the se ii parts only
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS, 
 of certain powers of thia Act it may happen that portions only of certain 
 
 lauds aiid . , , . , , .,, , 
 
 properties shown or partly shown on the deposited plans will be 
 sufficient for tho purposes of the company, and that such portions 
 or some other portions loss than the whole can be severed from the 
 remainder of the said properties without material detriment 
 thereto, therefore the following provisions shall have effect: 
 
 (1) The owner of and persons interested in any of the properties 
 
 whereof the whole or part is described in the Schedule 
 to this Act, and whereof a portion only is required for 
 the purposes of the company, or each or &ny of them 
 are hereinafter included in tho term "the owner" and 
 the said properties are hereinafter referred to as " the 
 scheduled properties": 
 
 (2) If for twenty-one days after the service of notice to treat 
 
 in respect of a specified portion of any of the scheduled 
 properties the owner shall fail to notify in writing to 
 the company that he alleges that such portion cannot 
 be severed from the remainder of the property without 
 material detriment thereto, he may be required to sell 
 and convey to the company such portion only without 
 the company being obliged or compellable to purchase 
 the whole, the company paying for the portion so taken 
 and making compensation for any damage sustained by 
 the owner by severance or otherwise: 
 
 (3) If within such twenty-one days the owner shall by notice 
 
 in writing to the company allege that such portion can- 
 not be so severed, the jury, arbitrators or other authority 
 to whom the question of disputed compensation shall 
 be submitted (hereinafter referred to as " the tribunal ") 
 shall, in addition to the other questions required to be 
 determined by it, determine whether the portion of tho 
 scheduled property specified in the notice to treat can 
 be severed from the remainder without material detri- 
 ment thereto, and if not whether any and what other 
 portion less than the whole (but not exceeding the portion 
 over which tho company have compulsory powers of pur- 
 chase) can bo so severed: 
 
 (4) If the tribunal determine that the portion of the scheduled 
 
 property specified in the notice to treat or any such 
 other portion as aforesaid can be severed from the re-
 
 MODEL RAILWAY HILL. 899 
 
 mainder without material detriment thereto, the owner 
 may be required to sell and convey to the company the 
 portion which tho tribunal shall have determined to be 
 so severable without the company being obliged or coin- 
 pellable to purchase the whole, the company paying such 
 sum for the portion taken by them including compen- 
 sation for any damage sustained by the owner by 
 severance or otherwise as shall be awarded by the 
 tribunal : 
 
 (5) If the tribunal determine that the portion of the scheduled 
 
 property specified in the notice to treat can notwith- 
 standing the allegation of the owner be severed from 
 the remainder without material detriment thereto, the 
 tribunal may in its absolute discretion determine and 
 order that the costs, charges and expenses incurred by 
 the owner incident to the determination of any matters 
 under this section shall be borne and paid by the owner: 
 
 (6) If the tribunal determine that the portion of the scheduled 
 
 property specified in the notice to treat cannot be severed 
 from the remainder without material detriment thereto, 
 (and whether or not they shall determine that any other 
 portion can be so severed), the company may withdraw 
 their n.otice to treat and thereupon they shall pay to 
 the owner all costs, charges and expenses reasonably and 
 properly incurred by him in consequence of such notice: 
 
 (7) If the tribunal determine that the portion of the scheduled 
 
 property specified in the notice to treat cannot be severed 
 from the remainder without material detriment thereto, 
 but that any such other portion as aforesaid can be so 
 severed, the company in case they shall not withdraw 
 the notice to treat shall pay to the owner all costs, 
 charges and expenses reasonably and properly incurred 
 by him in consequence of such notice or such portion 
 thereof as the tribunal shall having regard to the cir- 
 cumstances of the case and their final determination 
 think fit. 
 
 The provisions of this section shall be in force notwithstanding 
 anything in the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 contained, 
 and nothing contained in or done under this section shall be held 
 .as determining or as being or implying an admission that any of
 
 900 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 the scheduled properties or any part thereof is or is not or but for 
 this section would or would not be subject to the provisions of 
 sect. 92 of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845: 
 
 The provisions of this section shall be stated in every notice 
 given thereunder to sell and convey any premises. 
 
 Power to cross 
 certain roads 
 on the level. 
 
 Inclination of 
 roads. 
 
 ROADS AND BRIDGES. 
 
 26. Subject to the provisions in the Railways Clauses Consoli- 
 dation Act 1845 and in Part I. (relating to the construction of a 
 railway) of the Railways Clauses Act 1863 contained in reference 
 to the crossing of roads on the level, the company may in the 
 construction of the railway carry the same with a single line onfy 
 whilst the railway shall consist of a single line and afterwards 
 with a double line only across and on the level of the roads next 
 hereinafter mentioned (that is to say):-r- 
 
 No. on deposited 
 Plan. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Description of Road. 
 
 
 
 
 27. In altering for the purposes of this Act the roads next 
 hereinafter mentioned, the company may make the same of any 
 inclinations not steeper than the inclinations hereinafter mentioned 
 in connection therewith respectively (that is to say) : 
 
 No. on deposited 
 Plan. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Description of 
 Road. 
 
 Intended 
 Inclination. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Height and 28. The company may make the arches of the bridges for 
 
 bnd)reN. carrying the railway over the roads next hereinafter mentioned 
 
 of any heights and spans not less than the heights and spans herein-
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 
 
 901 
 
 after mentioned in connection therewith respectively (that is to 
 say): 
 
 No. on deposited 
 Plan. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Description of 
 Road. 
 
 Height. 
 
 Span. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 . The company may make the roadway over the bridges Width of 
 by which the following roads will be carried over the railway 
 of such width between the fences thereof as the company think 
 fit not being less than the respective widths hereinafter mentioned 
 in connection therewith respectively (that is to say): 
 
 No. on Plan . 
 
 Parish. 
 
 Description of 
 Roadway. 
 
 Width of 
 Roadway. 
 
 
 
 
 
 DIVERSION OF AND STOPPING UP ROADS. 
 
 30. The company may divert the roads [and public foot- Power to 
 paths] referred to in the next following table (or if a single 
 road, describe it} in the manner shown upon the deposited plans 
 and sections and subject to the provisions of this Act may stop 
 up and cause to be discontinued as a road [or footpath] so much 
 of each existing road [or footpath] as will be rendered unnecessary 
 by the new portion of road [or footpath] so shown on the said 
 plans (that is to say): 
 
 Railway. 
 
 Parish. 
 
 No. of Road 
 on Plan. 
 
 

 
 902 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Stopping up 31 Where this Act authorises the diversion of a road [or public 
 
 road* in case . . . , r ri- P 
 
 of diversion, footpath j and the stopping up of an existing road [or public toot- 
 pathj or any portion thereof, such stopping up shall not tako 
 place until [in the case of a new road] the new road is completed 
 to the satisfaction of the road authority and is open for public 
 use, or in case of difference between the company and the road 
 authority until two justices shall have certified that the new road 
 has been completed to their satisfaction and is open for public 
 use [and in the case of a public footpath until two justices shall 
 have certified that the new footpath has been completed to their 
 satisfaction and is open for public use]. 
 
 Before applying to the justices for their certificate [in the case 
 of a new road] the company shall give to the road authority seven 
 days' notice in writing of their intention to apply for the same. 
 
 As from the completion of the new road to the satisfaction of 
 the road authority or as from the date of the said certificate as the 
 case may be all rights of way over or along the existing road oc 
 portion [or over or along the existing footpath or portion thereof] 
 shall be extinguished, and the company may, subject to the pro- 
 visions of the Railways Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 with 
 respect to mines lying under or near to the railway, appropriate 
 and use for the purposes of their undertaking the site of the 
 portion of road [or footpath] stopped up as far as the same is 
 bounded on both sides by lands of the company: 
 
 Provided that the company shall make full compensation to all 
 parties interested in respect of any private rights of way extin- 
 guished by virtue of this section, and such compensation shall be 
 settled in manner provided by the Lands Clauses Acts with 
 reference to the taking of lands otherwise than by agreement. 
 
 [The jollomng clause may be used where a new road is not 
 substituted.] 
 
 * tOP 3lA> Tne com P an y ma J st P U P tne portion of road [or foot- 
 path] [describing if] and thereupon all [public] rights of way 
 over that portion of road shall be extinguished; but such road shall 
 not be stopped up unless the company are owners in possession 
 of all houses and lands on both sides thereof, except so far as 
 the owners, lessees and occupiers of those houses and lands may 
 otherwise agree:
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 903 
 
 [(c) Provided that the company shall make full compensation 
 to all parties interested in respect of any private rights of way 
 extinguished by virtue of this section, and such compensation shall 
 be settled in manner provided by the Lands Clauses Acts with 
 reference to the taking of lands otherwise than by agreement.] 
 
 [The following clause may be used for extinguishing private 
 rights of way over lands compulsorily acquired, but is 
 not to be extend-ed to public rights of way, interference 
 with which is allowed only in case of specified roads 
 in. accordance with clause 31 .] 
 
 31s. All private rights of way over any lands which shall As to private 
 under the powers of this Act be acquired compulsorily shall as over lands 
 from the date of such acquisition be extinguished : Provided that tak .<j n com P ul - 
 the company shall make full compensation to all parties interested 
 in respect of any such rights, and such compensation shall be 
 settled in manner provided by the Lands Clauses Acts with 
 reference to the taking of lands otherwise than by agreement. 
 
 GAS AND WATER MAINS. 
 
 32. The provisions of sects. 18 to 23 of the Railways Clauses Protection of 
 Consolidation Act 1845 shall for the purposes of this Act extend ^dnfoMocJ 
 and apply to the water and gas mains, pipes and apparatus of any authorities, 
 local authority, and shall be construed as if " local authority " 
 
 were mentioned in those sections in addition to " company or 
 society": Provided that any penalties recovered under sect. 23 
 shall be appropriated to that fund of the local authority to which 
 their revenues in respect of water or gas (as the case may be) are 
 appropriated. 
 
 UNDERPINNING. 
 
 33. And whereas, in order to avoid in the execution and Underpinning- 
 maintenance of any works authorised by this Act injury to the 
 
 houses and buildings within one hundred feet of the railway, it 
 may be necessary to underpin or otherwise strengthen the same, 
 therefore the company at their own costs and charges may and 
 if required by the owners or lessees of any such house or 
 
 (c) The provieo is omitted only where the clause is limited to public 
 rights of way.
 
 904 PARLIAMKNTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 building shall, subject as hereinafter provided, underpin or 
 otherwise strengthen the same and the following provisions shall 
 have effect (that is to say): 
 
 (1) At least ten days' notice shall unless in case of emergency 
 
 be given to the owners, lessees and occupiers or by the 
 owners or lessees of the house or building so intended 
 or so required to be underpinned or otherwise 
 strengthened: 
 
 (2) Each such notice if given by the company shall be served 
 
 in manner prescribed by sect. 19 of the Lands Clauses 
 Consolidation Act 1845, and if given by the owners or 
 lessees of the premises to be underpinned or strengthened 
 shall be sent to the principal office of the company: 
 
 (3) If any owner, lessee or occupier of any such house or build- 
 
 ing or the company as the case may require shall within 
 seven days after the giving of such notice give a counter- 
 notice in writing that he or they as the case may be dis- 
 putes the necessity of such underpinning or strengthen- 
 ing, the question of the necessity shall be referred to 
 the arbitration of an engineer to be agreed upon or in 
 case of difference appointed at the instance of either 
 party by the Board of Trade, and the Arbitration Act 
 1889 shall apply to the reference: 
 
 (4) The arbitrator shall forthwith upon the application of either 
 
 party proceed to inspect such house or building and 
 determine the matter referred to him and in the event 
 of his deciding that such underpinning or strengthening 
 is necessary he may and if so required by such owner, 
 lessee or occupier shall prescribe the mode in which the 
 same shall be executed and the company may and shall 
 proceed forthwith so to underpin or strengthen the said 
 house or building: 
 
 (5) The company shall be liable to compensate the owners, 
 
 lessees and occupiers of every such house or building 
 for any inconvenience, loss or damage which may result 
 to them by reason of the exercise of the powers granted 
 by this enactment: 
 
 (6) If in any case in which any house or building shall have 
 
 been underpinned or strengthened on the requisition of 
 the company such underpinning or strengthening- shall
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 905 
 
 prove inadequate for the support or protection of the 
 house or building against further injury arising from 
 the execution or use of the works of the company, then 
 and in every such case, unless such underpinning or 
 strengthening shall have been done in pursuance of and 
 in the mode prescribed by the referee, the company shall 
 make compensation to the owners, lessees and occupiers 
 of such house or building for such injury provided the 
 claim for compensation in respect thereof be made by 
 such owners within twelve months and by such lessees or 
 occupiers within six months from the discovery thereof: 
 
 (7) Nothing in this enactment contained nor any dealing with 
 
 any property in pursuance of this enactment shall relieve 
 the company from the liability to compensate under 
 sect. 68 of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 
 or under any other Act: 
 
 (8) Every case of compensation to be ascertained under this 
 
 enactment shall be ascertained according to the pro- 
 visions of the Lands Clauses Acts: 
 
 (9) Nothing in this section shall repeal or affect the application 
 
 of sect. 92 of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845. 
 
 COMPLETION OF WORKS. 
 
 34. If the railway is not completed within five years from Period 
 the passing of this Act, then on the expiration of that period the 
 powers by this Act granted to the company for making and com- 
 pleting the railway or otherwise in relation thereto shall cease 
 except as to so much thereof as is then completed. 
 
 DEPOSIT OR PENALTY. 
 
 35. Whereas pursuant to the Standing Orders of both Houses Deposit 
 of Parliament and to the Parliamentary Deposits Act 1846 a ^"erodd* 
 
 sum of [stock, Exchequer bills] being five per cent, upon the except so far 
 
 .amount of the estimate in respect of the railway has been opened, 
 deposited with [transferred into the name of] the Paymaster [A r w_#J- 
 General for and on behalf of the Supreme Court [Accountant 
 General of the Supreme Court in Ireland] in respect of the applica- 
 tion to Parliament for this Act, which sum [stock, Exchequer bills]
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 is [are] referred to in this Act as the deposit fund: Be it enacted 
 that notwithstanding anything contained in the said Act the said 
 deposit fund shall not be paid or transferred to or on the applica- 
 tion of the person or persons or the majority of the persons named 
 in the warrant or order issued in pursuance of the said Act or the 
 survivors or survivor of them (which persons, survivors or sur- 
 vivor are or is in this Act referred to as "the depositors ") 
 unless the company shall previously to the expiration of the period- 
 limited by this Act for completion of the railway open the same 
 for the public conveyance of passengers, and if the company shall 
 make default in so opening the railway the deposit fund shall be 
 applicable and shall be applied as provided by the next following 
 section : Provided that if within such period as aforesaid the com- 
 pany open any portion of the railway for the public conveyance 
 of passengers, then on the production of a certificate of the Board 
 of Trade specifying the length of the portion of the railway 
 opened as aforesaid and the portion of the deposit fund which 
 bears to the whole of the deposit fund the same proportion as the 
 length of the railway so opened bears to the entire length of the 
 railway, the High Court shall on the application of the depositors 
 order the portion of the deposit fund specified in the certificate to 
 be paid or transferred to them or as they shall direct, and the 
 certificate of the Board of Trade shall be sufficient evidence of 
 the facts therein certified and it shall not be necessary to produce 
 any certificate of this Act having passed anything in the above- 
 mentioned Act to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 36 ' If thc com P an y do not previously to the expiration of the 
 period limited for the completion of the railway complete the 
 same and open it for the public conveyance of passengers, then 
 and in every such case the deposit fund or so much thereof as 
 shall not have been paid to the depositors shall be applicable and 
 after duo notice in the London Gazette shall be applied towards 
 compensating any landowners or other persons whose property 
 has been interfered with or otherwise rendered less valuable by 
 I he coininenccment, construction or abandonment of the railway 
 or any portion thereof, or who have been subjected to injury or 
 loss in consequence of the compulsory powers of taking property 
 conferred upon the company by this Act and for which injury or 
 loss no compensation or inadequate compensation has been paid, 
 and shall be distributed in satisfaction of such compensation as-
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 907 
 
 aforesaid in such manner and in such proportions as to the High 
 Court may seem fit, and if no such compensation is payable or 
 if a portion of the deposit fund has been found sufficient to satisfy 
 all just claims in respect of such compensation, then the deposit 
 fund or such portion thereof as may not be required as aforesaid 
 shall, if a receiver has been appointed or the company is insolvent 
 or the undertaking has been abandoned, be paid or transferred 
 to such receiver or be applied in the discretion of the Court as 
 part of the assets of the company for the benefit of the creditors 
 thereof, and subject to such application shall be repaid [retrans- 
 f erred] to the depositors: Provided that until the deposit fund has 
 been repaid [retransferred] to the depositors or has become other- 
 wise applicable as hereinbefore mentioned any interest or dividends 
 accruing thereon shall from time to time and as often as the same 
 shall become payable be paid to or on the application of the 
 depositors. 
 
 [Substitute for last two preceding clauses in case of new lines 
 of existing companies (d) .] 
 
 35A . If the company fail within the period limited by this Act Penalty im- 
 to complete the railway, the company shall be liable to a penalty theTiiue^s 688 
 of fifty pounds a day for every day after the expiration of the opened with- 
 
 .,-..., ., , ., . in the time 
 
 period so limited until the railway is completed and opened for limited, 
 the public conveyance of passengers or until the sum received in 
 respect of such penalty amounts to five per cent, on the estimated 
 cost of the works, and the said penalty may be applied for by 
 any landowner or other person claiming to be compensated or 
 interested in accordance with the provisions of the next follow- 
 ing section of this Act and in the same manner as the penalty 
 provided in sect. 3 of the Railway and Canal Traffic Act 1854, 
 and every sum of money recovered by way of such penalty as 
 aforesaid shall be paid under the warrant or order of such Court 
 or judge as is specified in that section to an account opened or 
 
 (d~) The two following clauses are to be inserted in every railway Bill 
 whereby the construction of any new line of railway is authorised, or the 
 time for completing any line already authorised is extended, promoted by 
 an existing railway company which is possessed of a railway already 
 opened for public traffic, and which has during the year last past paid 
 dividends on its ordinary share capital, and which does not propose to raise 
 under the Bill a capital greater than its existing authorised capital. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 4
 
 908 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 to be opened in the name of the Paymaster General for and on 
 behalf of the Supreme Court [the Accountant General of the 
 Supreme Court in Ireland] in the bank [and to the credit] 
 -I .reified in such warrant or order, and shall not be paid thereout 
 pt as hereinafter provided; but no penalty shall accrue in 
 respect, of any time during which it shall appear by a certificate 
 to be obtained from the Board of Trade that the company was 
 prevented from completing or opening such line by unforeseen 
 accident or circumstances beyond their control: Provided that the 
 \\ant of suilicient funds shall not be hold to be a circumstance 
 beyond their control. 
 
 Application 3(J A . Every sum of money so recovered by way of penalty as 
 aforesaid shall be applicable and after due notice in the London 
 (iazcttc shall be applied towards compensating any landowners or 
 other persons whose property has been interfered with or otherwise 
 rendered less valuable by the commencement, construction or 
 abandonment of the railway or any portion thereof or who have 
 been subjected to injury or loss in consequence of the compulsory 
 powers of taking property conferred upon the company by this 
 Act, and for which injury or loss no compensation or inadequate 
 oinpeusation has been paid, and shall be distributed in satisfaction 
 of such compensation as aforesaid in such manner and in such 
 proportions as to the High Court may seem fit; and if no such 
 compensation is payable or if a portion of the sum or sums of 
 money so recovered by way of penalty as aforesaid has been found 
 >ullicient to satisfy all just claims in respect of such compensation, 
 tin -ii the said sum or sums of money recovered by way of penalty 
 or such portion thereof as may not be required as aforesaid shall, 
 if a receiver has been appointed or the company is insolvent or 
 tin- railway or railways in respect of which the penalty has been, 
 incuiTi'd or any part thereof has been abandoned, be paid or 
 transt'rrml to such receiver or be applied in the discretion of the 
 ( 'oiirt as part of the assets of the company for the benefit of the 
 creditors thereof and subject to such application shall be repaid or 
 retransferred to the company.
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. ! 909 
 
 BATES, CHARGES, AND FARES. 
 
 37. The company may demand and take for the use of the Tolls, 
 railway by any other company or person with engines and 
 carriages such reasonable tolls as they think fit. 
 
 38. The classification of merchandise traffic, including perish- Rate.- for 
 uble merchandise by passenger train, and the Schedule of maxi- " 
 mum rates and charges applicable thereto and the regulations and 
 provisions contained in the Schedule to " The Railway Eates and 
 Charges (No. - ) Order 189 " (which Order is scheduled to and 
 
 confirmed by " The Railway Rates and Charges (No. ) Order 
 
 Confirmation Act 189 ' shall be applicable and apply to the 
 company as if it were one of the railway companies named in the 
 [appendix to the Schedule to the] Order confirmed by the said 
 
 Act Provided that in respect of the conveyance of a consignment 
 of perishable merchandise not exceeding 56 Ibs. in weight by 
 passenger train, the company shall not be entitled to charge a 
 higher rate than the maximum rate ivhich they are authorised to 
 charge for the conveyance of parcels of the same weight. 
 
 39. For the conveyance on the railway of small parcels not Charges for 
 exceeding five hundred pounds in weight by passenger trains the sma11 P arcels - 
 company may demand and take any charges not exceeding the 
 following (that is to say): 
 
 For any parcel not exceeding seven pounds in weight three- 
 pence : 
 
 For any parcel exceeding seven pounds but not exceeding 
 fourteen pounds in weight fivepence: 
 
 For any parcel exceeding fourteen pounds but not exceeding 
 twenty-eight pounds in weight sevenpence: 
 
 For any parcel exceeding twenty-eight pounds but not 
 
 exceeding fifty-six pounds in weight ninepence: 
 And for any parcel exceeding fifty-six pounds but not exceed- 
 ing five hundred pounds in weight the company may 
 demand any sum they think fit: 
 
 Provided always that articles sent in large aggregate quantities, 
 although made up in separate parcels, such as bags of sugar, coffee, 
 meal and the like shall not be deemed small parcels but that term 
 shall apply only to single parcels in separate packages. 
 
 4(2)
 
 910 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Maximum 
 f area for 
 
 Pataengers' 
 luggage. 
 
 40. The maximum fares to be charged by the company for the 
 conveyance of passengers upon the railway, including every 
 expense incidental to such conveyance, shall not exceed the follow- 
 ing (that is to say): 
 
 For every passenger conveyed in a first-class carriage three- 
 pence per mile: 
 
 For every passenger conveyed in a second-class carriage 
 twopence per mile: 
 
 For every passenger conveyed in a third-class carriage one 
 penny per mile: 
 
 For every passenger conveyed on the railway for a less 
 distance than three miles the company may charge as for 
 three miles, and every fraction of a mile beyond three 
 miles or any greater number of miles shall be deemed 
 a mile. 
 
 41 . Every passenger travelling upon the railway may take with 
 him his ordinary luggage not exceeding one hundred and fifty 
 pounds in weight for first-class passengers, one hundred and 
 twenty pounds in weight for second-class passengers, and one 
 hundred pounds in weight for third-class passengers without any 
 charge being made for the carriage thereof. 
 
 42 . The restrictions as to the charges to be made for passengers 
 shall not extend to any special train run upon the railway, in 
 respect of which the company may make such charges as they 
 think fit, but shall apply only to the ordinary and express trains 
 appointed from time to time by the company for the conveyance of 
 passengers upon the railway. 
 
 WORKING AGREEMENTS, RUNNING POWERS, &c. 
 
 Power to 43. The company on the one hand and the A.B. Railway Corn- 
 
 working pany on the other hand may subject to the provisions of Part III. 
 wUhthe nt8 of the Railwa y 8 Clauses Act 1863 as amended or varied by the 
 A. B. railway Railway and Canal Traffic Acts 1873 and 1888 enter into agree- 
 ments with respect to the following purposes or any of them (that 
 is to say): 
 
 The maintenance and management of the railways of the 
 companies respectively or any one or more of them or 
 any part thereof respectively and of the works connected 
 therewith respectively or any of them: 
 
 Foregoing 
 charges not 
 to apply 
 to special 
 trains.
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 
 
 The use or working of the railways or railway or of any 
 part thereof and the conveyance of traffic thereon: 
 
 The supply and maintenance by the ivorking company under 
 and during the continuance of any such agreement as 
 aforesaid for the working of the railways of engines, stock 
 and plant necessary for the purposes of such agreement 
 and the employment of officers and servants : 
 
 The fixing subject to the authorised maximum rates and 
 the collecting and apportionment of the tolls, rates, charges, 
 receipts and revenues levied, taken or arising in respect of 
 traffic. 
 
 [This clause (except the portion in italics} is in the terms 
 of Part III. of the Railways Clauses Act 1863, which 
 should be followed as far as possible with such variations 
 only as may be necessary in particular cases.] 
 
 44. (1) The company and any company or person lawfully Running 
 working or using the railways may run over and use with their p 
 engines, carriages and waggons, officers and servants whether in 
 charge of engines and trains or for any other purpose whatsoever 
 and for the purposes of traffic of every description 
 
 So much of the railway of the A.B. Company as lies 
 
 between &c. 
 
 Together with all other stations and all roads, platforms, points, 
 signals, water, water engines, engine sheds, standing room for 
 engines, booking and other offices, warehouses, sidings, junctions, 
 machinery, works and conveniences on or connected with the said 
 portion of railways and station respectively, and as regards traffic 
 of every description conveyed by them the company may demand 
 and take upon and in respect of the said portion of railway the 
 rates and charges which the A.B. Company are entitled to 
 demand and take. 
 
 (2) The terms, conditions and regulations to be observed and 
 fulfilled and the tolls, charges, rent or other considerations to be 
 paid by the company for and in respect of the use of the said 
 portion of railway, stations, works and conveniences shall be such 
 as may be agreed upon between the company and the A.B. 
 company or failing agreement as may be determined on the 
 application of either of the companies or persons interested by 
 the Eailway and Canal Commissioners or any two of them.
 
 912 
 
 Short li-- 
 tanoe ohargft* 
 
 f.>r p:i-~.'M-. r 
 
 Interest not 
 to be paid out 
 of capital. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 (3) In running over and using the said portion of railway and 
 using tho stations, sidings and conveniences in accordance with 
 the provisions hereinbefore contained, the regulations and bylaws 
 for the time being in force on the railway so used shall be at all 
 times observed so far as such bylaws shall be applicable. 
 
 45. In respect of passengers conveyed partly on the railway of 
 ^ company and part i y on t he railway of the A.B. Company rates 
 and charges may be charged as for - - miles and for every mile 
 or fraction of a mile beyond - - miles as for one mile only. 
 
 [Here insert dames (if any} of agreement with local autho- 
 rities and others, and giving powers to other companies 
 to raise money for subscription to the undertaking (see 
 Special Clauses, p. 914); and saving clauses (if any}.] 
 
 INTEREST OUT OF CAPITAL, &c. 
 
 46. No interest shall be paid out of any share or loan capital 
 which the company are by this or any other Act authorised to 
 raise to any shareholder on the amount of the calls made in respect 
 of the shares held by him; but nothing in this Act shall prevent 
 the company from paying to any shareholder such interest on 
 money advanced by him beyond the amount of the calls actually 
 made as is in conformity with the Companies Clauses Consolida- 
 tion Act 1845. 
 
 Power to 
 pay interest 
 out of capi- 
 tal during 
 construction. 
 
 [Alternative Clause allowed in case of new companies.] 
 
 47. Notwithstanding anything in this Act or in any Act or 
 Acts incorporated herewith the company may out of any money 
 by this Act authorised to be raised pay interest at such rate not 
 exceeding four pounds per centum per annum as the directors 
 may determine to any shareholder on the amount from time to 
 time paid up on the shares held by him from the respective times 
 of such payments until the expiration of the time limited by this 
 Act for the completion of the works by this Act authorised or such 
 less period as the directors may determine, but subject always to 
 the conditions hereinafter stated (that is to say): 
 
 (a) No such interest shall begin to accrue until the company 
 shall have deposited with the Board of Trade a statutory 
 declaration by two of the directors and the secretary of
 
 MODEL RAILWAY BILL. 913 
 
 the company that two-thirds at least of the share capital 
 authorised by this Act in respect of which such interest 
 may be paid has been actually issued and accepted and 
 is held by shareholders who or whose executors, adminis- 
 trators or assigns are legally liable for the same: 
 
 (b) No such interest shall accrue in favour of any shareholder 
 
 for any time during which any call on any of his shares' 
 is iii arrear: 
 
 (c) The aggregate amount to be so paid for interest shall not 
 
 exceed - - pounds and the amount so paid shall not be 
 deemed share capital in respect of which the borrowing 
 powers of the company may be exercised, but such 
 borrowing powers shall be reduced to the extent of one- 
 third of the amount paid for interest as aforesaid: 
 
 (d) Notice that the company has power so to pay interest out of 
 
 capital shall be given in every prospectus, advertisement 
 or other document of the company inviting subscriptions 
 for shares and in every certificate of shares: 
 
 (e) The half-yearly accounts of the company shall show the 
 
 amount of capital on which and the rate at which 
 interest has been paid in pursuance of this section. 
 
 Save as hereinbefore set forth no interest shall be paid out 
 of any share or loan capital which the company are by this or 
 any other Act authorised to raise to any shareholder on the amount 
 of the calls made in respect of the shares held by him, but nothing 
 in this Act shall prevent the company from paying to any share- 
 holder such interest on money advanced by him beyond the amount 
 of the calls actually made as is in conformity with the Companies 
 Clauses Consolidation Act 1845. 
 
 48. The company shall not out of any money by this Act Deposits for 
 authorised to be raised pay or deposit any sum which by any not^tobepaid 
 Standing Order of either House of Parliament now or hereafter in out of capital, 
 force may be required to be deposited in respect of any applica- 
 tion to Parliament for the purpose of obtaining an Act authorising 
 the company to construct any other railway or to execute any other 
 work or undertaking.
 
 914 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Provwionn of 
 general 
 Railway 
 Act. 
 
 SAVING FOR GENERAL ACTS. 
 
 49. Nothing in this Act contained shall exempt the company or 
 the railway from the provisions of any general Act relating to 
 railways or the better and more impartial audit of the accounts 
 of railway companies passed before or after the commencement 
 of this Act, or from any future revision or alteration under the 
 aut hority of Parliament of the maximum rates of fares and charges 
 or of the rates for small parcels authorised by this Act. 
 
 COSTS OF BILL. 
 
 50. All costs, charges and expenses of and incident to the pre- 
 paring for obtaining and passing of this Act or otherwise in 
 relation thereto shall be paid by the company. 
 
 2. SPECIAL CLAUSES in KAILWAY BILLS. 
 
 1. DIVISION OF SHARES INTO PREFERRED AND DEFERRED HALF 
 
 SHARES. 
 
 Power to 1 . Subject to the provisions of this Act the company with the 
 
 divide share-. . iutnor i ty o f three-fourths of the votes of the shareholders present 
 in person or by proxy at a general meeting of the company 
 specially convened for the purpose may divide any shares in their 
 (pital into half shares of which one shall be called " preferred 
 half share" and the other shall -be called "deferred half share"; 
 but the company shall not divide any share under the authority of 
 i his, Act unless and until not less than sixty per centum upon such 
 share has been paid up and upon every such division fifty per 
 centum upon the entire share shall be carried to the credit of the 
 deferred half share (being the whole amount payable thereon) 
 in 1 the residue to the credit of the preferred half share. 
 
 Dividends on 2. The dividends which would be payable on any divided share 
 if the same had continued an entire share shall be applied in 
 payment of dividends on the two half shares in manner following 
 (that is to say) first in payment of dividend after such rate not 
 exceeding - per centum per annum as shall be determined once 
 for all at a general meeting of the company specially convened
 
 SPECIAL CLAUSES IN RAILWAY BILLS. 
 
 for the purpose, on the amount for the time being paid up on 
 the preferred half share, and the remainder if any in payment of 
 dividend on the deferred half share, and the company shall not 
 pay any greater amount of dividend on the two half shares than 
 would have been payable on the entire share if the same had not 
 been divided. 
 
 3 . Each preferred half share shall be entitled out of the protits Dividend 
 
 of each year to the dividend which may have been attached to n i? r tf erre< L 
 it by the company as aforesaid in priority to the deferred half be paid out of 
 share bearing the same number; but if in any year ending the only 18 
 thirty-first day of December there shall not be profits available 
 for the payment of the full amount of dividend on any preferred 
 half share for that year, no part of the deficiency shall be made 
 good out of the profits of any subsequent year or out of any 
 other funds of the company. 
 
 4. Forthwith after the creation of any half shares the same Half shares 
 shall be registered by the directors, and each ; half share shall tol ? e 
 
 registered and 
 
 bear the same number as the number of the entire share certificate certificates 
 in respect of which it was issued, and the directors shall issue u 
 certificates of the half shares accordingly, and shall cause an entry 
 to be made in the register of the entire shares of the conversion 
 thereof; but the directors shall not be bound to issue a certificate 
 of any half share until the certificate of the existing entire share 
 be delivered to them to be cancelled unless it be shown to their 
 satisfaction that such certificate is destroyed or lost, and on any 
 certificate being so delivered up the directors shall cancel it. 
 
 5 . The terms and conditions on which any preferred half share Terms of 
 
 or deferred half share created under this Act is issued shall be i 8811 ? * . 
 
 be stated m 
 
 stated on the certificate of each such half share. certificates. 
 
 6. The provisions of the Companies Clauses Consolidation Act Forfeiture of 
 1845 with respect to the forfeiture of shares for nonpayment of preferred half 
 calls shall apply to all preferred half shares created under the autho- 
 rity of this Act, and every such preferred half share shall for that 
 
 purpose be considered an entire share distinct from the corre- 
 sponding deferred half share; and until any forfeited preferred 
 half share shall be sold by the directors all dividends which would 
 be payable thereon if the same had not been forfeited shall be 
 applied in or towards payment of any expenses attending the 
 declaration of forfeiture thereof and of the arrears of calls for the 
 time being due thereon with interest.
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Preferred half 7. No preferred half share created under the authority of this 
 btSlSedOT Act shall be cancelled or be surrendered to the company. 
 ""rendered. 8. The several half shares under this Act shall be half shares 
 to be hair* in the capital of the company and every two half shares (whether 
 preferred or deferred or one of each) held by the same person 
 shall confer such right of voting at meetings of the company 
 and (subject to the provisions hereinbefore contained) shall confer 
 and have all such other rights, qualifications, privileges, liabilities 
 and incidents as attach and are incident to an entire share. 
 
 2. POWER TO ANOTHER COMPANY TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE UNDER- 
 TAKING AND TO RAISE MONEY FOR THAT PURPOSE. 
 
 Power to 1 . The Middlesex Railway Company may, with the authority of 
 
 subscribe and three-fourths of the votes of their shareholders present in person 
 to apply funds or ^y p rox y a t a general meeting of the said company specially 
 purpose. convened for the purpose, subscribe such monies as they may 
 think fit towards the undertaking not exceeding in the whole - 
 pounds; and the said company may with the like authority con- 
 tribute and apply in or towards payment of their said subscrip- 
 tion any monies which they are already authorised to raise and 
 which may not bo required by them for the purposes of their 
 undertaking, and also any monies which they are by this Act 
 authorised to raise, and the said company shall in respect of the 
 sums to be subscribed and the corresponding shares in the company 
 to be held by them have all the powers, rights and privileges 
 (except in regard to voting at general meetings, which shall be 
 as hereinafter provided) and be subject to all the obligations and 
 liabilities of proprietors of shares in the company : Provided always 
 thai the Middlesex company shall not sell, dispose of or transfer 
 any of the shares in the company for which they may subscribe. 
 
 [The above clause should be inserted immediately before the 
 borrowing powers. The following clauses should be in- 
 serted in the latter part of the Bill immediately before 
 the saving clauses (if any] or Standing Order clauses. .] 
 
 \JBorrowing powers will not be allowed for the purposes of 
 contribution.'] 
 
 Power to 2. The Middlesex company may raise for the purposes of their 
 
 raise moncv i . , , . . 
 
 subscription to the undertaking any capital not exceeding in
 
 SPECIAL CLAUSES IN RAILWAY BILLS. 917 
 
 nominal amount pounds by the issue at their option of new b / && crea- 
 
 ordinary shares or stock or new preference shares or stock or or stock, 
 wholly or partially by any one or more of those modes respectively; 
 and the clauses and provisions of the Companies Clauses Consoli- 
 dation Act 1845 with respect to the following matters (that is 
 to say): 
 
 The distribution of the capital of the company into shares; 
 
 The transfer or transmission of shares; 
 
 The payment of subscriptions and the means of enforcing 
 
 the payment of calls; 
 
 The forfeiture of shares for nonpayment of calls; 
 The remedies of creditors of the company against the share- 
 holders; 
 
 The consolidation of the shares into stock; 
 The general meetings of the company and the exercise of the 
 
 right of voting by the shareholders; 
 The making of dividends; 
 The giving of notices; and 
 The provision to be made for affording access to the special 
 
 Act by all parties interested. 
 
 and Part I. (relating to cancellation and surrender of shares) and 
 Part II. (relating to additional capital) of the Companies Clauses 
 Act 1863 shall extend and apply to the Middlesex company and to 
 the additional capital which they are by this Act authorised to 
 raise. 
 
 [This clause mill require modification in all cases where the 
 provisions of the special Acts of the subscribing company 
 differ from those of the general ActJ] 
 
 3 . The Middlesex company shall not issue any share under Shares not to 
 the authority of this Act of less nominal value than ten pounds nor ^^ft^ mitl1 
 shall any share vest in 'the person or corporation accepting the paid up. 
 same, unless and until a sum not being less than one-fifth of the 
 
 amount of such share shall have been paid in respect thereof. 
 
 4. All monies which the Middlesex company may raise under Application 
 the powers of this Act shall be applied for the purposes of the rais 
 before-mentioned subscription only. company. 
 
 5. The Middlesex company, whilst shareholders of the com- Votes of M. 
 pany, may by writing under their common seal from time to time J^^ J at 
 appoint some person to attend any meeting of the company and meetings.
 
 918 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Debenture 
 took. 
 
 Priority 
 of principal 
 
 secured 
 by existing 
 mortgages. 
 
 Exuiting 
 mortgages to 
 hare priority. 
 
 Powor to 
 raise 
 
 additional 
 capital. 
 
 such person shall have all the privileges and powers attaching to 
 a shareholder of the company at such meetings and may vote 
 thereat in respect of the capital hel'd by the Middlesex company. 
 
 3. DEBENTURE STOCK. 
 
 [Where Clause 14, page 895, has been already adopted in 
 an existing Act.] 
 
 1 . The company may create and issue debenture stock subject 
 to the provisions of Part III. of the Companies Clauses Act 1863 
 and of sect. - - of the Act 18 (the Act by uihich the de- 
 benture stock is originally authorised). 
 
 2. The principal monies secured by all mortgages granted by 
 the company in pursuance of the powers of any Act of Parliament 
 before the passing of this Act, and subsisting at the passing 
 hereof, shall during the continuance of such mortgages have 
 priority over the principal monies secured by any mortgages 
 granted by virtue of this Act. 
 
 [The following older form gives priority to both principal 
 
 and interest in the case of mortgages.] 
 
 2A. All mortgages [and bonds] granted by the company in 
 pursuance of the powers of any Act of Parliament before the 
 passing of this Act and subsisting at the passing hereof shall 
 during the continuance of such mortgages [and bonds], and subject 
 to the provisions of the Acts under which such mortgages [and 
 bonds] were respectively granted, have priority over any mortgages 
 granted by virtue of this Act; but nothing in this section con- 
 tained shall affect any priority of the interest of any debenture 
 stock at any time created and issued by the company. 
 
 4. POWER TO RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL. 
 
 1. The company may subject to the provisions of Part II. of 
 the Companies Clauses Act 1863 raise any additional capital not 
 
 exceeding in the whole pounds nominal capital by the issue 
 
 at their option of new ordinary shares or stock or new preference 
 shares or stock or wholly or partially by any one or more of 
 those modes respectively; but the company shall not issue any 
 share of less nominal value than ten pounds nor shall any share 
 vr>t in the person accepting the same unless and until a sum not
 
 SPECIAL CLAUSES IN RAILWAY BILLS. 919 
 
 being less than one-fifth of the amount of such share shall have 
 been paid in respect thereof. 
 
 2. [Except as by this Act otherwise provided] the capital in New shares or 
 new shares or stock created "by the company under this Act and ^subject to 
 the new shares or stock therein and the holders thereof respectively the same 
 shall be subject and entitled to the same powers, provisions, liabili- other shares 
 ties, rights, privileges and incidents whatsoever in all respects as if or 8tock - 
 that capital were part of the now existing capital of the company 
 of the same class or description and the new shares or stock were 
 shares or stock in that capital. 
 
 3 . The capital in new shares or stock so created shall form New shares or 
 
 stock to form 
 
 part 01 the capital ot the company. part of capital 
 
 4. Every person who becomes entitled to new shares or stock D^-J 
 shall in respect of the same be a holder of shares or stojck in the new shares or 
 company and shall be entitled to a dividend wit'h the other holders 8 
 
 of shares or stock of the same class or description proportioned to 
 the whole amount from time to time called up and paid on such new 
 shares or to the whole amount of such stock as the case may be. 
 
 5. Except as otherwise expressly provided by the resolution Restriction as 
 creating the same no person shall be entitled to vote in respect * 8 te e Ct O f 
 of any new shares or stock to which a preferential dividend shall preferential 
 
 i j shares or 
 
 be assigned. stock . 
 
 6. Subject to the provisions of any Act already passed by New aud 
 which the company are authorised to raise capital by new shares or 
 
 stock and to the provisions of this Act, [and any other Act passed stock may be 
 in the present Session of Parliament whether before or after the 
 passing of this Act by which the company may be authorised to 
 raise capital by new shares or stock,] the company may if they 
 think fit raise by the creation and issue of new shares or stock of 
 one and the same class all or any part of tine aggregate capital 
 which they are by such other Act and this Act respectively 
 authorised to raise by the creation and issue of new shares or stock. 
 
 7. The company may in respect of the additional capital of Power to 
 - pounds which they are by this Act authorised to raise borrow- 
 on mortgage of the undertaking any monies not exceeding in 
 the whole -- pounds ; but no part thereof shall be borrowed until 
 shares for so much of the said additional capital as is to be raised 
 by means of shares are issued and accepted and one half of such 
 capital is paid up, and the company have proved to the justice who
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 is to certify under the fortieth section of the Companies Clauses 
 Consolidation Act, 1845, before he so certifies, that shares for the 
 whole of such capital have "been issued and accepted, and that 
 one half of such capital lias been paid up, and that not less than 
 one-fifth part of the amount of each separate share in such capital 
 has been paid on account thereof before or at the time of the 
 issue or acceptance thereof, and until stock for one half of so 
 much of the said additional capital as is to be raised by means of 
 stock is fully paid up and the company have proved to such justice 
 as aforesaid before he so certifies that such shares or stock as the 
 case may be were issued and accepted [and to the extent aforesaid 
 paid up] bona fide, and are held by the persons to whom the same 
 \\ (! issued or their executors, administrators, successors or assigns, 
 and also so far as the said additional capital is raised by snares 
 that such persons or their executors, administrators, successors or 
 assigns are legally liable for the same, and upon production to 
 such justice of the books 'of the company and of such other evidence 
 as he shall think sufficient he shall grant a certificate that the 
 proof aforesaid has been given, which certificate shall be sufficient 
 evidence thereof. 
 
 5. RAILWAY CONSTABLES. 
 
 Subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, any two justices 
 having jurisdiction in any one of the counties, cities or boroughs 
 in which the constables hereinafter mentioned are to act may on 
 the application of the company appoint all or so many as they 
 think fit of the persons recommended to them for that purpose by 
 the company to act as special constables upon and within the 
 whole of the railways, stations and works belonging to or worked 
 by the company, [either solely or jointly with any other company, 
 companies or committee,] and the following provisions shall apply 
 to every appointment so made: 
 
 (1) Every person so appointed shall make oath or declaration 
 
 in due form of law "before any justice having jurisdiction 
 in any one of the counties, cities or boroughs in which 
 such person is to act duly to execute the office of a 
 constable: 
 
 (2) Every person so appointed and having been sworn or having 
 
 made declaration as aforesaid shall 'during the con- 
 tinuancn of his appointment have all the powers, pro-
 
 SPECIAL CLAUSES IN RAILWAY BILLS. 
 
 tection and privileges of a constable in respect of the 
 exercise of his duties, and may follow and arrest any 
 persons who has departed from any of the said railways, 
 stations or works after committing therein or thereon 
 any offence for which he might have been arrested while 
 within or upon the said railways, stations or works: 
 
 (3) Any two justices assembled and acting together or the 
 
 company may dismiss from his office \_or accept the resig- 
 nation of] any constable so appointed, and thereupon 
 all powers, protection and privileges belonging to such 
 person by virtue of such appointment shall wholly cease. 
 No person so dismissed [or resigning] shall be capable 
 of being re-appointed except with the consent of the 
 authority by whom he was dismissed: 
 
 (4) The local authorities of any county, city or borough shall 
 
 not be liable for any expense of or be responsible for 
 any acts or defaults of such constables or for anything 
 connected with or consequent upon their appointment, 
 and nothing in t,his Act contained shall restrict or affect 
 the jurisdiction or powers of 'the respective local authori- 
 ties of the county, .city or borough as the case may be or 
 of any police force: 
 
 (5) A constable appointed as aforesaid shall not act as such 
 
 unless he be in uniform or provided with an authority 
 to act as a constable, which authority the justice before 
 whom such constable makes oath or declaration as afore- 
 said is hereby empowered to grant, and if the constable 
 be not in uniform he shall show such authority whenever 
 called upon to do so. 
 
 6 . USE OF ELECTRICAL POWER . 
 
 1. Subject to the provisions of this Act and of any regulations Railway may 
 to be prescribed by the Board of Trade (in this Act referred to J^^f by 
 as the Board of Trade Regulations) the company may work the power, 
 traffic on the railway by electrical power and for that purpose 
 
 may lay down along the railway and maintain and use mains, lines 
 and apparatus for transmitting 1 electrical energy. 
 
 2. Subject to the provisions of this Act the company may Lands for 
 appropriate and use as stations for generating electrical energy and j^tioi
 
 922 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Power to 
 hold patent 
 righto. 
 
 Provisions a 
 to use of 
 electrical 
 power. 
 
 for providing and working thereon engines, dynamos and other 
 electrical plant and works the lands described in the schedule 
 but the company shall not create or permit any nuisance on such 
 lands and shall not erect any generating station except upon the 
 said lands [or the lands described in the Act]. 
 
 3. The company may acquire and hold patent and other rights 
 and licences (not being exclusive) in relation to the use of electrical 
 power for the purposes of this Act. 
 
 4. (e) The following provisions shall apply to the use of elec- 
 trical power under this Act unless such power is entirely contained 
 in and carried along with the carriages: 
 
 (1) The company shall employ either insulated returns or un- 
 
 insulated metallic returns of low resistance: 
 
 (2) The company shall take all reasonable precautions in con- 
 
 structing, placing and maintaining their electric lines 
 and circuits and other works of all descriptions and 
 also in working their undertaking so as not injuriously 
 to affect by fusion or electrolytic action any gas or water 
 pipes or other metallic pipes, structures or substances, 
 or to interfere with the working of any wire, line or 
 apparatus from time to time used for the purpose of 
 transmitting electrical power or of telegraphic, tele- 
 phonic or electric signalling communication or the 
 currents in such wire, line or apparatus: 
 
 (3) The electrical power shall be used only in accordance with 
 
 the Board of Trade Regulations, a.nd in such regulations 
 provisions shall be made for preventing fusion or in- 
 jurious electrolytic action of or on gas or water pipes 
 or other metallic pipes, structures or substances and for 
 minimising as far as is reasonably practicable injurious 
 interference with the electric wires, lines and apparatus 
 of other parties and the currents therein whether such 
 lines do or do not use the earth as a return: 
 
 (4) The company shall be deemed to take all reasonable and 
 
 proper precautions against interference with the working 
 of any wire, line or apparatus if and so long as they 
 
 (e) In Bills containing this clause, provisions rendering the company 
 liable in any event for injurious interference with pipes or wires of other 
 parties are not allowed.
 
 SPECIAL CLAUSES IN RAILWAY BILLS. 923 
 
 adopt and employ, at the option of the company, either 
 such insulated returns or such uninsulated metallic re- 
 turns of low resistance and such other means of pre- 
 venting injurious interference with the electric wires, 
 lines and apparatus of other parties and the currents 
 therein as may be prescribed by the Board of Trade 
 regulations, and in prescribing such means the Board 
 shall have regard to the expense involved and to the 
 effect thereof upon the commercial prospects of the 
 undertaking: 
 
 (5) At the expiration of two years from the passing of this 
 
 Act the provisions of this section shall not operate to 
 give any right of action in respect of injurious inter- 
 ference with any electric wires, lines or apparatus or the 
 currents therein, unless in the construction, erection, 
 maintaining and working of such wires, lines and appa- 
 ratus all reasonable and proper precautions including the 
 use of an insulated return have been taken to prevent 
 injurious interference therewith and with the currents 
 therein by or from other electric currents: 
 
 (6) If any difference arises between the company and any other 
 
 party with respect to anything in this section contained, 
 such difference shall unless the parties otherwise agree 
 be determined by the Board of Trade or at the option 
 of the Board by an arbitrator to be appointed by the 
 Board and the costs of such determination shall be in 
 the discretion of the Board or of the arbitrator as the 
 case may be: 
 
 (7) (/) When any department of His Majesty's Government [obsfrmtm-ifs 
 
 represents to the Board of Trade that the use of protection.'] 
 electrical power under this Act injuriously affects or is 
 likely to injuriously affect any instruments or apparatus 
 whether electrical or not used in any observatory or 
 laboratory belonging to or under the control of that 
 Department, the Board of Trade after such inspection 
 or inquiry as they may think proper may by their regu- 
 
 (/) London district, and elsewhere in neighbourhood of observatories, 
 &c. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 5
 
 924 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 lations require the company, to use such reasonable and 
 proper precautions including insulated returns as the 
 Board of Trade may deem necessary -for the preven- 
 tion of such injurious affection. For the purposes of 
 this subsection any inspector of the Board of Trade may 
 during his inspection of the company's works and ap- 
 paratus be accompanied by any person or persons 
 appointed in that behalf by the Government Depart- 
 ment concerned and the company shall give all due facili- 
 ties for the inspection. Provided always that, in the 
 case of any observatory or laboratory established after 
 the passing of this Act or of any instruments or ap- 
 paratus hereafter used in any existing observatory or 
 laboratory which may be of greater delicacy than those 
 used therein at the passing of this Act, the Board of 
 Trade shall consider to what extent if any it is ex- 
 pedient in the interests of the public that the powers of 
 this subsection should be exercised, regard being had 
 to the site of the observatory or laboratory or the pur- 
 poses of the instruments or apparatus as the case may 
 be: 
 
 iv. (8) The company using electrical power contrary to the pro- 
 
 visions of this Act or of the Board of Trade regulations 
 shall for every such offence be subject to a penalty not 
 exceeding ten pounds, and also in the case of a continuing 
 offence to a further penalty not exceeding five pounds 
 for every day during which such offence continues after 
 conviction thereof. Provided always that, whether any 
 such penalty has been recovered or not, the Board of 
 Trade, if in their opinion the company in the use of 
 electrical power -under the authority of this Act have 
 made default in complying with the provisions of this 
 Act or the Board of Trade regulations, may by order 
 direct the company to cease to use electrical power, and 
 1 hereupon the company shall cease to use electrical power 
 and shall not again use the same unless with the au- 
 thority of the Board of Trade; and in every such case 
 the Board of Trade shall make a special report to 
 Parliament notifying the making of such order: 
 (9) The expression " company " in this section includes licensees
 
 SPECIAL CLAUSES IN RAILWAY BILLS. 925 
 
 and any person owning, working or running carriages 
 
 over any railway of the company. 
 
 5. In the event of the railways of the company or any part clause for 
 thereof being worked by electricity the following provisions shall protection of 
 have effect: General^). 
 
 (1) The company shall so construct their electric lines and 
 
 works of all descriptions and shall so work their under- 
 taking in all respects as to prevent any interference 
 whether by induction or otherwise with the telegraphic 
 lines from time to time laid down or used by the Post- 
 master-General or with telegraphic communication by 
 means of such lines : 
 
 (2) If any telegraphic line of the Postmaster-General situate 
 
 within one 'mile of any portion of the works of the 
 company is injuriously affected, and he is of opinion 
 that such injurious affection is or may be due to the 
 construction of the company's works or to the working 
 of the undertaking, the engineer-in-chief of the Post 
 Office or any person appointed in writing by him may, 
 at all times when electrical energy is being generated 
 by the company, enter any of the company's works for 
 the purpose of inspecting the company's plant and the 
 working of the same; and the company shall in the 
 presence of such engineer-in-chief or such appointed, 
 person as aforesaid make any electrical tests required 
 by the Postmaster-General, and shall produce for the 
 inspection of the Postmaster-General the records kept 
 by the company pursuant to the Board of Trade 
 regulations: 
 
 {3) If a telegraphic line of the Postmaster-General situate 
 within one mile of any portion of the works of the 
 company be injuriously affected, and he is unable to 
 ascertain whether such injurious affection is caused by 
 the company or by any other persons generating or using 
 electrical currents for traction purposes, the Postmaster- 
 General may give notice to the company requiring them 
 to make at such times as he may specify such experi- 
 
 (</) This clause is required to be inserted in Bills for underground 
 electric railways. 
 
 5(2)
 
 926 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 meats (by working their generating stations, running 
 their cars or otherwise working any part of their under- 
 taking, or in case of continuous working by stopping 
 the current generated for the purpose of their under- 
 taking at such times as would not unduly interfere with 
 the traflic) as he may deem necessary to enable him to 
 discover which of the undertakings causes the disturb- 
 ance, and such tests shall be carried out by the company 
 as and when required by the Postmaster-General: 
 
 (4) In the event of any contravention of or wilful non-com- 
 
 pliance with this section by the company or their agents 
 the company shall be liable to a fine not exceeding ten 
 pounds for every day during which such contravention 
 or non-compliance continues, or if the telegraphic com- 
 munication is wilfully interrupted not exceeding fifty 
 pounds for every day on which such interruption 
 continues: 
 
 (5) This section shall not apply to any telegraphic line of the 
 
 Postmaster-General laid down or placed by him on or 
 along the railway: 
 
 (6) In this section the expression "electric line " has the same 
 
 meaning as in the Electric Lighting Act 1882 and the 
 expression " telegraphic line " has the same meaning as 
 in the Telegraph Act 1878: 
 
 (7) Nothing in this section contained shall be held to deprive 
 
 the Postmaster-General of any existing right to proceed 
 against the company by indictment, action or otherwise 
 in relation to any of the matters aforesaid. 
 
 Company 
 
 may abandon 
 
 portions 
 
 of authorised 
 
 line. 
 
 Compensa- 
 
 tion for 
 
 damage 
 
 to land 
 
 by entry, Ac. 
 
 for purpose* 
 
 of railways 
 
 abandoned. 
 
 7. ABANDONMENT 01 KAILWAY. 
 
 1. The company shall abandon the construction of so much 
 of the railway authorised by the Act - as lies between . 
 
 2. The abandonment by the company under the authority of 
 this Act of any portion of any railway or works shall not prejudice 
 or affect the right of the owner or occupier of any land to receive 
 compensation for any damage occasioned by the entry of the 
 company on such land for the purpose of surveying and taking 
 
 I, or probing or boring to ascertain the nature of the soil, or 
 setting out of tlu- line of railway, and shall not prejudice or affect
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 927 
 
 the right of the owner or occupier of any land which has been 
 temporarily occupied by the company to receive compensation for 
 such temporary occupation, or for any loss, damage or injury which 
 has been sustained by such owner or occupier by reason thereof 
 or of the exercise as regards such land of any of the powers con- 
 tained, in the Railways Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 or the 
 Act. 
 
 3. Where before the passing of this Act any contract has been Compensa- 
 entered into or notice given by the company for the purchasing ^^g*^ 6 
 of any land for the purposes of or in relation to any portions of respect of 
 the railways or works authorised to be abandoned by this Act, O f railways 
 the company shall be released from all liability to purchase or to abandoned, 
 complete the purchase of any such land, but, notwithstanding, full 
 compensation shall be made by the company to the owners and 
 occupiers or other persons interested in such land for all injury or 
 damage sustained by them respectively by reason of the purchase 
 not being completed pursuant to the contract or notice, and the 
 amount and application of the compensation shall be determined in 
 manner provided by the Lands Clauses Acts for determining the 
 amount and application of compensation paid for lands taken 
 under the provisions thereof. 
 
 3. MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 
 
 1. The Companies Clauses Consolidation Act 1845, Part I. incorporation 
 (relating to cancellation and surrender of shares) of the Companies ^ c f s eneral 
 Clauses Act 1863 as amended by subsequent Acts, the Lands 
 
 Clauses Acts, and sect. 3 (Interpretation of terms) Part II. (Con- 
 struction of tramways) and Part III. (General provisions) of 
 the Tramways Act 1870, are (except where expressly varied by this 
 Act) incorporated with and form part of this Act. 
 
 2. In this Act the several words and expressions to which i n terpreta- 
 meanings are assigned by the Acts wholly or partially incor- tion - 
 porated herewith have the same respective meanings unless there 
 
 be something in the subject or context repugnant to such con- 
 struction: And in this Act unless the context otherwise requires 
 " The company " means the company incorporated by this 
 Act;
 
 928 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 " The tramways " and " the undertaking " mean respectively 
 the tramways and other works and the undertaking by 
 this Act authorised; 
 "Mechanical power " includes electrical and every other 
 
 motive power not being steam or animal power; 
 " Engine" includes motor. 
 
 "Contingencies" in sect. 122 of the Companies Clauses Con- 
 solidation Act 1845 include the contingency of the undertaking 
 being sold to the local authority under sect. 43 of the Tramways 
 Act 1870 at a sum less than the aggregate amount of the capital 
 and debts of the company. 
 
 [And in this Act and for the purposes of this Act in the Tram- 
 ways Act 1870 and the incorporated Acts the expression "local 
 authority " shall mean in reference to a rural district the district 
 council of that district.] 
 incorporation 3. [Incorporation clause; see p. 893.] 
 
 of company. 
 
 POWER TO CONSTRUCT. 
 
 Power to 4. Subject to the provisions of this Act and of Parts II. and 
 
 w*y'-- rj /// of the Tramways Act 1870 the Company may make, form, 
 lay down, work, use and maintain the tramways hereinafter 
 described in the lines and according to the levels and within the 
 limits of deviation shown on the deposited plans and sections and 
 in all respects in accordance with those plans and sections with all 
 proper rails, plates, works and conveniences connected therewith: 
 Provided that nothing in this Act shall authorise any interference 
 "with electric lines and works of any undertakers under the Electric 
 Lighting Acts 1882 and 1888 to which the provisions of sect. 15 
 of the former Act apply except in accordance with and subject to 
 the provisions of that section. 
 
 The tramways hereinbefore referred to and authorised by this 
 Act are 
 
 A tramway (single line in length commencing at - 
 
 and terminating at . 
 
 [The Standing Orders require that the length of each tram- 
 way shall be set forth in miles, furlongs, chains, and 
 links or yards, or decimals of a chain ; also a statement 
 ivhether the trannoay is a single or double line.]
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 929 
 
 5. The company may erect, maintain and use, on the lands Power to 
 described in the First Schedule to this Act annexed, a station or 
 stations for producing and generating, transforming, storing and 
 applying electrical power with all such buildings, engines, bat- 
 teries, dynamos, accumulators and other plant, machinery, 
 apparatus, works and conveniences as may be necessary or suitable 
 for those purposes and may produce, generate, transform, store, 
 use and apply such power accordingly, but the company shall not 
 create or permit any nuisance on such lands, and shall not erect 
 any generating station except upon the said lands [or the lands 
 described in the Act]. 
 
 6. (1) The company may, in, under or over the surface of the Astoelec- 
 streets or roads in which the tramways by this Act authorised will & c . 
 be situate, or in which it may be necessary so to do in order to 
 connect the tramways with any generating station, construct, lay 
 down, erect, maintain, renew and repair electric wires, conductors, 
 posts, tubes, boxes and other electrical apparatus, and may make 
 and maintain openings and ways for the purpose of working the 
 tramways by electrical power, and may for that purpose subject 
 to the provisions contained in Part II. of the Tramways Act 1870 
 and to the provisions of this Act open and break up any such 
 street or road and any sewers, drains, water or gas pipes, tubes, 
 wires, telephonic and telegraphic apparatus therein or thereunder: 
 Provided as follows: 
 
 (a) All posts and apparatus erected by the company under the 
 
 powers of this Act in any street or road shall be of such 
 design as the local authority may approve and shall be 
 placed in such position as the local authority and road 
 authority may approve: Provided that no post or other 
 apparatus shall be erected on the carriageway except with 
 the consent of the Board of Trade; 
 
 (b) The route in which any electrical apparatus is to be laid or 
 
 erected for the purpose of connecting the tramways 
 with a generating station shall be approved by the 
 local authority and the road authority, within whose 
 jurisdiction each portion of the route is situate. 
 (2) Nothing in this section shall extend to or authorise aoy 
 interference with any works of any undertakers within the mean- 
 ing of the Electric Lighting Acts 1882 and 1888 to which the 
 provisions of sect. 15 of the former Act apply.
 
 930 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Temporary 
 
 tramways 
 may be nml 
 when 
 ary. 
 
 Company 
 may reduce 
 footpath for 
 
 instructing 
 tramway. 
 
 Shelter* 
 or waiting- 
 
 n rns. 
 
 7. When by reason of the execution of any work affecting the 
 surface or soil of any road along or across the carriageway of 
 which any of the tramways are or is laid it shall in the opinion 
 .f the road authority be expedient temporarily to remove or 
 discontinue the use of such tramway or any part thereof, the 
 company may, with the consent of the road authority and subject 
 io -iich conditions as the road authority may impose, construct in 
 tin- same or any adjacent road and (so long as occasion may, 
 require) maintain a temporary tramway in lieu of the tramway or 
 part of the tramway so removed or discontinued. 
 
 If any difference arises between the company and the road 
 authority with respect to any conditions or with respect to the 
 mode of constructing any temporary tramway under the authority 
 of tli is section, the same shall be settled by arbitration under 
 this Act. 
 
 8. The company may increase the roadway of the portions of 
 streets mentioned in this section to such extent as may be necessary 
 to leave a space of nine feet and six inches between the outside of 
 the footpath on each or either side of such street and the nearest 
 rail of the tramway by reducing the width of the footpath on each 
 >r cither side of such street Provided that no footpath shall be 
 reduced in width so as to be less than six feet wide . 
 
 The portions of streets referred to in this section are the 
 following, that is to say: 
 
 9. The company may erect and maintain shelters or waiting- 
 rooms for the accommodation of passengers, and may with the 
 consent of the local authority and road authority use for that 
 purpose portions of the public streets or roads. 
 
 Gauge of 
 
 : im\v.i\ I. 
 
 MODE OF CONSTRUCTION, RESTRICTIONS, &c. 
 
 10. (1) The tramways shall be constructed on a gauge of four 
 feet eight and a half iiu-hcs or such other gauge as may from time 
 to time be approved by the Board of Trade but carriages or trucks 
 adapted to run on railways shall not be run thereon. 
 
 (2) In tin- event of the tramways being constructed on a less 
 aaugr than four feet eight and a half inches so much of sect. 34 
 .f the Tramways Act 1870 as limits the extent of the carriage 
 used on any tramway beyond the edge of the wheels of such 
 carriage shall not apply to carriages used on the tramways but
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 931 
 
 no carriage or engine shall exceed six feet three inches in width 
 or such other width as may from time to time be prescribed by 
 the Board of Trade. 
 
 11. The rails of the tramways shall be such as the Board of Rails of 
 Trade may approve. tramways. 
 
 12. In addition to the requirements of sect. 26 of the Tram- Plan of 
 ways Act 1870 the company shall lay before the Board of Trade SeTf* 
 and the road authority a plan showing the proposed mode of construction, 
 constructing, laying down and renewing such tramways, and a 
 statement of the materials intended to be used therein, and the 
 company shall not commence the construction, laying down and 
 renewal of any of the tramways or part of any of the tramways 
 respectively until such plan and statement have been approved by 
 
 the Board of Trade, and after such approval the works shall be 
 executed in accordance in all respects with such plan and state- 
 ment and under the superintendence and to the reasonable 
 satisfaction of the surveyor of the road authority as provided by 
 sect. 26 of the said Act. 
 
 13. (1) The company shall at all times maintain and keep Penalty 
 in good condition and repair and so as not to be a danger or ff not mam- 
 annoyance to the ordinary traffic the rails of the tramways by this and roads. 
 Act authorised and of all other tramways of the company and 
 the sub-structure upon which the same rest, and if the company 
 at any time fail to comply with this provision or with the pro- 
 visions of sect. 28 of the Tramways Act 1870, they shall be liable 
 to a penalty not exceeding five pounds and to a daily penalty not 
 exceeding five pounds. The tramways of the company for the 
 purposes of this section include any tramways purchased by the 
 company or taken on lease by them during the continuance of any 
 such lease. 
 
 (2) In case it is represented in writing to the Board of Trade 
 by the road authority of any district in which the tramways or 
 any portion thereof are or is situate or by twenty inhabitant 
 ratepayers of such district that the company have made default 
 in complying with the provisions in this section contained or with 
 any of the requirements of sect. 28 of the Traimvays Act 1870, 
 the Board of Trade may if they think fit direct an inspection by 
 an officer to be appointed by the said Board, and if the officer 
 reports that the default mentioned in such representation has been 
 proved to his satisfaction, then and in every such case a copy of
 
 982 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Tramway to 
 be kept 
 on level 
 of Murface of 
 road. 
 
 Application 
 of road 
 materials 
 excavated in 
 construction 
 of works. 
 
 Sanitary 
 authority to 
 have access 
 
 t wt-r-. 
 
 such report certified by a secretary or an assistant secretary of the 
 Board of Trade may be adduced as evidence of such default and 
 of the liability of the company to such penalty or penalties in 
 respect thereof as is or are by this section imposed. 
 
 14. If and whenever after the passing of this Act any road 
 authority alters the level of any road along or across which any 
 part of the tramway is laid or authorised to be laid, the company 
 may and shall from time to time alter or (as the case may be) lay 
 their rails so that the uppermost surface thereof shall be on a 
 level with the surface of the road as altered . 
 
 15. Any paving, metalling or material excavated by the com- 
 pany in the construction of the tramways from any road under 
 the jurisdiction or control of any road authority may be applied 
 by the company so far as may be necessary in or towards the- 
 reinstatement of the road and the maintenance for six months 
 after completion of any of the tramways within the district of 
 such road authority of so much of the roadway on either side of 
 such tramways as the company are by sect. 28 of the Tramways 
 Act 1870 required to maintain; and the company shall if so 
 required deliver the surplus paving, metalling or material not used 
 or required to be retained for the purposes aforesaid to the sur- 
 veyor of the road authority or to such person or persons as he may 
 appoint to receive the same: Provided that if within seven days 
 after the setting aside of the surplus arising from the excavation 
 of any such paving, metalling or material and notice duly given 
 such surplus is not removed by such surveyor or by some other 
 person named by him for that purpose, such surplus paving,, 
 metalling or material shall absolutely vest in and belong to the 
 <!>, /xtny and may be dealt with, removed and disposed of by them 
 in such manner as they may think fit. Any difference between the 
 company and any road authority or surveyor or other person with 
 reference to any of the matters aforesaid shall be settled by an 
 arbitrator to be nominated by the Board of Trade on the applica- 
 tion of either party. 
 
 16. Every sanitary authority shall at all times have free access 
 to and communication with all their sewers and drains and 
 power to lay lateral and private drains to communicate therewith 
 without the consent or concurrence of the company, and the pro- 
 visions contained in sects. 32 and 33 of the Tramways Act 1870 
 shall be applicable in the case of any sewer or private drain of or
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 
 
 933 
 
 under the control of the said authority as if the same were a pipe 
 for the supply of gas or water. 
 
 17. Where in any road in which a double line of tramway is Cross-overs to 
 laid there shall be less width between the outside of the footpath fcjjjj * 6 * 
 on either side of the road and the nearest rail of the tramway cases, 
 than nine feet six inches, the company shall if and where 
 required by the Board of Trade construct a cross-over or cross- 
 overs connecting the one tramway with the other and by the 
 means of such cross-over or cross-overs the traffic shall when 
 necessary be diverted from one tramway to the other. 
 
 18. (1) The company may subject to the provisions of this Act Power to 
 Avith the consent of the Board of Trade make, maintain, alter and ^iiti ona i 
 
 remove such cross-overs, passing-places, sidings, junctions and other cross-overs 
 
 ,.,,.. -i -n i 1-1 and * doiWe 
 
 works in addition to those particularly specified in and authorised tramway 
 
 by this Act as they find necessary or convenient for the efficient nep ' 
 working of the tramways or for providing access to any ware- 
 houses, stables or carriage-houses or works of the company. 
 
 (2) Notwithstanding anything shown on the deposited plans the 
 compwny may, with the consent of the Board of Trade, lay down 
 double lines in lieu of single or interlacing lines or single lines 
 in lieu of double or interlacing lines or interlacing lines in lieu of 
 double or single lines on any of the tramways, and may with the 
 like consent at any time alter the position in the road of any of 
 the tramways or any part thereof . 
 
 (3) Provided that if in the construction of any works under 
 this section any rail is intended to be laid nearer to the footpath 
 than previously authorised in such a manner that, for a distance of 
 thirty feet or upwards, a less space than nine feet six inches would 
 intervene between it and the outside of the footpath on either side 
 of the road, the company shall not less than one month before 
 commencing the works give notice in writing to every owner and 
 occupier of houses, shops or warehouses abutting on the place where 
 such less space would intervene, and such rail shall not be so laid 
 if the owners or occupiers of one-third of such houses, shops or 
 warehouses by writing under their hands addressed and delivered 
 to the company within three weeks after receiving the notice from 
 the company express their objection thereto.
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 USE OF MECHANICAL POWER. 
 Provide. I.MIB 19 The carriages used on the tramways may be moved by 
 
 to motive ., . . , i i 
 
 power. animal power or subject to the following provisions by mechanical 
 
 power (that is to say): 
 
 (1) The mechanical power shall not be used except with the 
 
 consent of and according to a system approved by the 
 Board of Trade: 
 
 (2) The Board of Trade shall make regulations (in this Act 
 
 referred to as "the Board of Trade regulations") for 
 securing to the public all reasonable protection against 
 danger arising from the use under this Act of mechanical 
 power on the tramways and for regulating the use of 
 electrical power: 
 
 (3) The company (h) or any [other] company or person using 
 
 any mechanical power on the tramways contrary to the 
 provisions of this Act or of the Board of Trade regula- 
 tions shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty 
 not exceeding ten pounds and also in the case of a 
 continuing offence to a further penalty not exceeding 
 five pounds for every day during which such offence is 
 continued after conviction thereof: 
 
 (4) The Board of Trade if they are of opinion 
 
 (a) That the company or such [other] company or 
 person have or has made default in complying with 
 the provisions of this Act or of the Board of Trade 
 regulations, whether a penalty in respect of such non- 
 compliance has or has not been recovered; or 
 
 (b) That the use of mechanical power as authorised 
 under this Act is a danger to the passengers or the 
 public ; 
 
 may by order either direct the company or such [other] 
 company or person to cease to use such mechanical power 
 or permit the same to be continued only subject to such 
 conditions as the Board of Trade may impose, and the 
 company or such [other] company or person shall comply 
 with every such order. In every such case the Board of 
 
 Or corporation, district council, or as the case may be.
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 935 
 
 Trade shall make a special report to Parliament notify- 
 ing the making of such order. 
 
 20 (i) . The following provisions shall apply to the use of Special pro- 
 electrical power under this Act unless such power is entirely l > * g^. 
 contained in and carried along with the carriages: triad power. 
 
 (1) The company shall employ either insulated returns or 
 
 uninsulated metallic returns of low resistance: 
 
 (2) The company shall take all reasonable precautions in 
 
 constructing, placing and maintaining their electric 
 lines and circuits and other works of all descriptions, 
 and also in working their undertaking, so as not in- 
 juriously to affect by fusion or electrolytic action any 
 gas or water pipes or other metallic pipes, structures or 
 substances or to interfere with the working of any wire, 
 line or apparatus from time to time used for the 
 purpose of transmitting electrical power or of tele- 
 graphic, telephonic or electric signalling communication 
 or the currents in such wire, line or apparatus: 
 
 (3) The electrical power shall be used only in accordance with 
 
 the Board of Trade regulations and in such regulations 
 provision shall be made for preventing fusion or in- 
 jurious electrolytic action of or on gas or water pipes 
 or other metallic pipes, structures or substances, and for 
 minimising as far as is reasonably practicable injurious 
 interference with the electric wires, lines and apparatus 
 of other parties and the currents therein, whether such 
 lines do or do not use the earth as a return: 
 
 (4) The company shall be deemed to take all reasonable pre- 
 
 cautions against interference with the working of any 
 wire, line or apparatus, if and so long as they adopt 
 and employ at the option of the company either such 
 insulated returns or such uninsulated metallic returns 
 of low resistance and such other means of preventing 
 injurious interference with the electric wires, lines and 
 apparatus of other parties and the currents therein as 
 may be prescribed by the Board of Trade regulations. 
 
 (t) Provisions in protective clauses, rendering the company liable in 
 any event for injurious interference with pipes or wires of other parties, 
 are not allowed.
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 and in prescribing such means the Board shall have 
 regard to the expense involved and to the effect thereof 
 upon the commercial prospects of the undertaking: 
 
 (5) At the expiration of two years from the passing of this 
 
 Act the provisions of this section shall not operate to 
 give any right of action in respect of injurious inter- 
 ference with any electric wire, line or apparatus or the 
 currents therein, unless in the construction, erection, 
 maintaining and working of such wire, line and appa- 
 ratus all reasonable precautions including the use of an 
 insulated return have been taken to prevent injurious 
 interference therewith and with the currents therein by 
 or from other electric currents: 
 
 (6) If any difference arises between the company and any other 
 
 party with respect to anything hereinbefore in this 
 section contained, such difference shall unless the parties 
 otherwise agree be determined by [arbitration] the Board 
 of Trade or at the option of the Board by an arbitrator 
 to be appointed by the Board, and the costs of such 
 determination shall be in the discretion of the Board or 
 of the arbitrator as the case may be: 
 
 (7) When any Department of His Majesty's Government repre- 
 
 sents to the Board of Trade that the use of electrical 
 power under this Act injuriously affects or is likely to 
 injuriously affect any instruments or apparatus ivhether 
 electrical or not used in any observatory or laboratory 
 belonging to or under the control of that Department, 
 the Board of Trade after such inspection or inquiry as 
 they may think proper may by their regulations require 
 the company to use such reasonable and proper precau- 
 tions tiirl tilling insulated returns as the Board of Trade 
 may dfem necessary for the prevention of such injurious 
 affection. For the purposes of this subsection any in- 
 spector of the Board of Trade may during his inspection 
 of the company's works and apparatus be accompanied 
 by any person or persons appointed in that behalf by 
 the Government Department concerned, and the corn- 
 pan u shall give all due facilities for the inspection. 
 Provided always that in the case of any observatory or 
 laboratory rsUiltlishrd after the passing of this Act or
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 937 
 
 of any instruments or apparatus hereafter used in any 
 existing observatory or laboratory which may be of 
 greater delicacy than those used therein at the passing 
 of this Act, the Board of Trade shall consider to what 
 extent if any it is expedient in the interests of the 
 public that the poicers of this subsection should be exer- 
 cised, regard being had to the site of the observatory 
 or laboratory or the purposes of the instruments or 
 apparatus as the case may be : 
 
 (8) The expression " company " in this section shall include 
 [lessees (A;)] licensees and any person owning, working or 
 running carriages over any tramway of the company. 
 
 21. Notwithstanding anything in this Act contained, if any Alteration of 
 of the works authorised to be executed by this Act involves or is 
 
 likely to involve any alteration of any telegraphic line belonging Postmaster- 
 to or used by the Postmaster-General the provisions of sect. 7 of 
 the Telegraph Act 1878 shall apply (instead of the provisions of 
 sect. 30 of the Tramways Act 1870) to any such alteration. 
 
 22 (Z). In the event of any tramways of the company being For protection 
 worked by electricity the following provisions shall have effect: telegraph 
 
 (1) The company shall construct their electric lines and other s " 
 
 works of all descriptions and shall work their under- 
 taking in all respects with due regard to the telegraphic 
 lines from time to time used or intended to be used by 
 His Majesty's Postmaster-General and the currents in 
 such telegraphic lines, and shall use every reasonable 
 means in the construction of their electric lines and 
 other works of all descriptions and the working of their 
 undertaking to prevent injurious affection whether by 
 induction or otherwise to such telegraphic lines or the 
 currents therein. Any difference which arises between 
 the Postmaster-General and the company as to com- 
 pliance with this subsection shall be determined by 
 arbitration : 
 
 (2) If any telegraphic line of the Postmaster-General is 
 
 (fc) Where the promoters are a local authority. 
 
 (Z) This clause is proper to be used also in the case of above-ground 
 railways worked by electricity.
 
 9-'5S PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 injuriously affected by the construction by the company 
 of their electric lines and works or by the working of 
 the undertaking of the company, the company shall pay 
 the expense of all such alterations in the telegraphic 
 lines of the Postmaster-General as may be necessary to 
 remedy such injurious affection: 
 
 (3) Before any electric line is laid down or any act or work 
 for working the tramways by electricity is done within 
 ten yards of any part of a telegraphic line of the 
 Postmaster-General (other than repairs), the company 
 or their agents not more than twenty-eight nor Irss 
 than fourteen days before commencing the work shall 
 give written notice to the Postmaster-General specifying 
 the course of the line and the nature of the work 
 including the gauge of any wire, and the company 
 and their agents shall conform with such reasonable 
 requirements (either general or special) as may from 
 time to time be made by the Postmaster-General for 
 the purpose of preventing any telegraphic line of the 
 Postmaster-General from being injuriously affected by 
 the said act or work. Any difference which arises 
 between the Postmaster-General and the company as 
 to any requirement so made shall be determined by 
 arbitration: 
 
 (4) If any telegraphic line of the Postmaster-General situate 
 within one mile of any portion of the works of the 
 company is injuriously affected and he is of opinion 
 that such injurious affection is or may be due to the 
 coi iM ruction of the company's works or to the working 
 of the undertaking, the engineer-in-chief of the Post 
 Office or any person appointed in writing by him may 
 at all times when electrical energy is being generated 
 by the company enter any of the company's works for 
 the purpose of inspecting the company's plant and 
 the working of the same, and the company shall in the 
 presence of such engineer in chief or such appointed 
 pereon as aforesaid make any electrical tests required 
 by the Postmaster-General, and shall produce for the 
 inspection of the Postmaster-General the records kept
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 
 
 by the company pursuant to the Board of Trade regu- 
 lations: (m) 
 
 (5) In the event of any contravention of or wilful non-com- 
 
 pliance with this section by the company or their agents 
 the company shall be liable to a fine not exceeding ten 
 pounds for every day during which such contravention 
 or non-compliance continues or if the telegraphic com- 
 munication is wilfully interrupted not exceeding fifty 
 pounds for every day on which such interruption 
 continues: 
 
 (6) Provided 'that nothing in this section shall subject the com- 
 
 pany or their agents to a fine under this section if they 
 satisfy the court having cognisance of the case that the 
 immediate doing of any act or the execution of any work 
 in respect of which the penalty is claimed was required 
 to avoid an accident or otherwise was a work of emer- 
 gency, and that they forthwith served on the postmaster 
 or sub-postmaster of the postal telegraph office nearest 
 to the place where the act or work was done a notice 
 of the execution thereof, stating the reason for doing or 
 executing the same without previous notice: 
 
 (7) For the purposes of this section a telegraphic line of the 
 
 Postmaster-General shall be deemed to be injuriously 
 affected by an act or work if telegraphic communication 
 by means of such line is whether through induction or 
 otherwise in any manner affected by such act or work 
 or by any use made of such work: 
 
 (8) For the purposes of this section and subject as therein pro- 
 
 vided sects. 2, 10, 11 and 12 of the Telegraph Act 
 1878 shall be deemed to be incorporated with this Act: 
 
 (9) The expression "electric line" has the same meaning in 
 
 this section as in the Electric Lighting Act 1882: 
 
 (10) Any question or difference arising under this section which 
 
 is directed to be determined by arbitration shall be de- 
 termined by an arbitrator appointed by the Board of 
 Trade on the application of either party, whose decision 
 
 (TO) Where this clause is applied to a company having a separate 
 electrical undertaking, this sub-section may be confined to the works 
 " by this Act authorised " and to the generation of electrical energy " for 
 the purposes of this Act." 
 
 B. VOL. II. 6
 
 940 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Use of tram- 
 way pontti by 
 
 P-Kiiii iMt r- 
 Oeneral 
 
 tshall be linal, and sects. 30 to 32 both inclusive of the 
 Regulation of Hail ways Act 1868 shall apply in like 
 manner as if the company or their agents were a 
 company within the meaning of that Act:] 
 
 (11) Nothing in this section contained shall be held to deprive 
 
 tho Postmaster-General of any existing right to pro- 
 ceed against the company by indictment, action or other- 
 wise in relation to any of the matters aforesaid: 
 
 (12) In this section the expression "the company" includes their 
 
 lessees and any person owning, working or running 
 carriages on any of the tramways of the company. 
 23. (1) It shall be lawful for the Postmaster-General in any 
 street or public road or part of a street or public road in which he 
 is authorised to place a telegraph to use for the support of such 
 telegraph any poots and standards (with the brackets connected 
 therewith) erected in any such street or public road by the company 
 in connection with the tramways authorised by this Act, and to 
 lengthen, adapt, alter and replace sush posts, standards and 
 brackets for the purpose of supporting any telegraph, and from 
 time to time to alter any telegraph so supported, subject to the 
 following conditions: 
 
 (a) In placing, maintaining, or altering such telegraph no ob- 
 
 struction shall be caused to the traffic along or the 
 working or user of the tramways: 
 
 (b) The Postmaster-General shall give to the company not less 
 
 than twenty-eight days' notice in writing of his in- 
 tention to exercise any of the powers of this section, and 
 shall in such notice specify the streets or public roads 
 or parts of streets or public roads along which it is 
 proposed to exercise such powers, and the manner in 
 which it is proposed to use the posts, standards and 
 brackets, and also the maximum strain and the nature 
 and direction of such strain. Any difference as to any 
 matter referred to in such notice shall be determined 
 as hereinafter provided: 
 
 (c) Unless otherwise agreed between the Postmaster-General 
 
 and the company the Postmaster-General shall pay the 
 expense of lengthening, adapting, altering or replacing 
 under the provisions of this section any post, standard or 
 bracket, and the expense of providing and maintaining
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 941 
 
 any appliances, or making any alteration, rendered 
 necessary in consequence of the exercise of the powers of 
 this section for the protection of the public or the un- 
 obstructed working or user of the tramways, or to pre- 
 vent injurious affection of the Postmaster-General's 
 telegraphs or any telegraphic or telephonic line or 
 electrical apparatus of the company or by any regu- 
 lations which may from time to time be made by the 
 Board of Trade arising through the exercise by the Post- 
 master-General of the powers conferred by this section: 
 
 (d) Unless otherwise agreed, or in case of difference deter- 
 
 mined as hereinafter provided, all telegraphs shall be 
 attached to the posts, standards or brackets below the 
 level of the trolley wires, and on the side of such posts 
 or standards farthest from the trolley wires. Any 
 difference as to the conditions of attachment shall be 
 determined as hereinafter provided: 
 
 (e) Unless otherwise agreed, no telegraph shall be attached to 
 
 any post or standard placed in or near the centre of any 
 street or public road: 
 
 (f) The Postmaster-General shall cause all attachments to 
 
 posts, standards, or brackets used by him under the 
 powers of this section to be from time to time inspected 
 so as to satisfy himself that the said attachments are 
 in a proper state of condition and repair: 
 
 (g) The Postmaster-General shall make good to the company 
 
 and shall indemnify them against any loss, damage, or 
 expense which may be incurred by them through or in 
 consequence of the exercise by the Postmaster-General 
 of the powers conferred upon him by this section unless 
 euch loss, damage, or expense be caused by or arise from 
 gross negl : gence on the part of the company, their officers 
 or servants: 
 
 (h) The Postmaster-General shall make such reasonable con- 
 tribution to the original cost of providing and placing 
 any post, standard, or bracket used by him, and also 
 to the annual cost of the maintenance and renewal of 
 any such post, standard, or bracket, as having regard 
 to the respective interests of the company and the Post- 
 master-General in the use of the post, standard or 
 6(2)
 
 942 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 bracket, and to all the circumstances of each case, may 
 bo agreed upon between the Postmaster-General and the 
 company or, failing agreement, determined as herein- 
 after provided: 
 
 (i) The company shall not be liable for any interference with, 
 or damage, or injury to the telegraphs of the Post- 
 master-General arising through the exercise by the Post- 
 master-General of the powers conferred by this section 
 and caused by the maintaining and working of the 
 tramways, or by any accident arising thereon, or by 
 the authorised use by the company of electrical energy, 
 unless such interference, damage, or injury be caused by 
 gross negligence on the part of the company, their officers 
 or servants: 
 
 (j) If it shall become necessary or expedient to alter the position 
 of or remove any post, standard, or bracket, the Post- 
 master-General shall, upon receiving twenty-eight days' 
 notice thereof, at his own expense, alter or remove the 
 telegraph supported thereby, or at his option retain the 
 post, standard, or bracket, and pay the company the 
 value .of the same. Provided that if the company or 
 the body having the control of the street or public road 
 object to the retention of the post, standard, or bracket 
 by the Postmaster-General, a difference shall be deemed 
 to have arisen, and shall be determined as hereinafter 
 provided. 
 
 (2) Nothing in this section contained shall prevent the company 
 from using their posts, standards, or brackets for the support 
 of any of their electric wires and apparatus in connection with 
 their tramways, or shall take away any existing right of the 
 local authority of using the posts, standards, or brackets of the 
 company in connection with the lighting of the streets or other- 
 wise. Provided that any difference between the Postmaster- 
 General and the local authority in relation to the use of the posts, 
 >tundards or brackets by the Postmaster-General and the local 
 authority respectively shall be determined as hereinafter provided . 
 [(2) (n) Nothing in this section contained shall prevent the cor- 
 
 (n) Substitute this sub-clause where the promoters are a local 
 authority.
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 943 
 
 poration from using their posts, standards, or brackets for the 
 support o^' any of their electric wires and apparatus, whether in 
 connection with their tramways or other municipal undertakings, 
 or shall take away any existing right of the corporation of per- 
 mitting the use by any company or person of their posts, standards, 
 or brackets in connection with the lighting of the streets or other- 
 wise. Provided that any difference between the Postmaster- 
 General and such company or person in relation to the use of the 
 posts, standards, or brackets by the Postmaster-General and such 
 company or person respectively shall be determined as hereinafter 
 provided.] 
 
 (3) All differences arising under this section shall be determined 
 in manner provided by sects. 4 and 5 of the Telegraph Act, 1878, 
 for the settlement of differences relating to a street or public 
 road. 
 
 (4) In this section the expression " company " includes their 
 lessees; the expression "telegraph" has the same meaning as in 
 the Telegraph Act, 1869, and other expressions have the same 
 meaning as in the Telegraph Act, 1878. 
 
 24. The company may with the consent of the owner of any Attachment 
 building attach to that building such brackets, wires and apparatus 
 as may be required for the working of the tramways by mechanical 
 power: Provided that 
 
 (1) Where in the opinion of the company any consent under 
 
 this section is unreasonably refused, they may appeal 
 to a petty sessional court, which shall have power having 
 regard to the character of the building and to the other 
 circumstances of the case to allow the attachment subject 
 to such terms as to compensation or rent and otherwise as 
 it may think reasonable or to disallow the same and 
 . may determine by which of the parties the costs of the 
 appeal are to be paid: 
 
 (2) Any consent of an owner and any order of a petty sessional 
 
 court under this section shall not have effect after that 
 owner ceases to be in possession of the building, but 
 any attachments fixed under the provisions of this section 
 shall not be removed until the expiration of three months 
 after any subsequent owner shall have given to the 
 company notice in writing requiring the attachments 
 to be removed. Where such notice is given the preceding
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Apparatus 
 
 UHrd for 
 
 mechanical 
 power to be 
 deemed part 
 of tramway. 
 
 By-laws. 
 
 provisions of this section shall apply and the petty 
 sessional court shall have the same powers as under 
 proviso (1): 
 
 (3) The owner may require the company temporarily to re- 
 move the attachments where necessary during any re- 
 construction or repair of the building. 
 
 For the purposes of this section any occupier of a building whose 
 tenancy exceeds one year unexpired and in the case of any other 
 tenancy the person receiving the rackrent shall be deemed to be 
 the owner. 
 
 25. The provisions of sects. 26 to 33 [(o) and 41] of the Tram- 
 ways Act 1870 (except so much of sect. 28 as relates to the repair 
 of the road between and on each side of the rails of a tramway) 
 shall apply as if all posts, tubes, pipes, wires and other apparatus 
 used or to be used by the company for the purposes of mechanical 
 power were parts of the tramway. 
 
 26. Subject to the provisions of this Act the Board of Trade 
 may make by-laws with regard to any of the tramways upon which 
 mechanical power may be used, for all or any of the following 
 purposes (that is to say): 
 
 For regulating the use of any bell, whistle or other warning 
 apparatus fixed to the engine or carriages: 
 
 For regulating the emission of smoke or steam from engines 
 used on the tramways: 
 
 For providing that engines and carriages shall be brought to 
 a stand at the intersection of cross streets and at such places 
 and in such cases of horsas being frightened or of impending 
 danger as the Board of Trade may deem proper for securing 
 safety: 
 
 For regulating the entrance to exit from and accommodation 
 in the carriages used on the tramways and the protection 
 of passengers from the machinery of any engine used for 
 drawing or propelling such carriages: 
 
 For providing for the due publicity of all by-laws and Board 
 of Trade regulations in force for the time being in relation 
 to the tramways by exhibition of the same in conspicuous 
 places on the carriages and elsewhere: 
 
 Any person offending against or committing a breach of any 
 
 (o) Reference to sect. 41 should be omitted in local authorities' Bills.
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 946 
 
 of the by-laws made by the Board of Trade under the au- 
 thority of this Act shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding 
 forty shillings. 
 
 WORKING BY LOCAL AUTHORITY. 
 
 27. Notwithstanding anything in the Tramways Act 1870 to Power to 
 the contrary the corporation (p) may place and run carriages on to^rk'tram- 
 and may work and may demand and take tolls and charges in wa 7 8 - 
 respect of any tramways within the borough now belonging to 
 
 tho corporation or authorised in or prior to the present session of 
 Parliament to be constructed by them and in respect of the use of 
 such carriages and may provide such stables, buildings, carriages, 
 trucks, harness, engines, machinery, apparatus, horses, steam, cable, 
 electric and other plant, appliances and conveniences as may be 
 requisite or expedient for the convenient working or user of the 
 said tramways by animal or mechanical power, but nothing in 
 this section shall empower the corporation to create or permit a 
 nuisance or to manufacture any such plant, appliances and con- 
 veniences required for the working or user of the said tramways. 
 
 28. The regulations authorised by the Tramways Act 1870 to, Regulation* 
 be made by the promoters of any tramway and their lessees may ''7 cor J> ora - 
 with respect to any tramways or portions of tramways for the time 
 
 being belonging to and worked by the corporation be made by the 
 corporation alone. < 
 
 COMPLETION. 
 
 29. The tramway shall not be opened for public traffic until inspection by 
 it has been inspected and certified to be fit for such traffic by the 
 
 Board of Trade. 
 
 30. The tramway shall be completed within five years from p er iodfor 
 tho passing of this Act and on the expiration of that period the completion of 
 powers by this Act granted to the company for executing the same 
 
 or otherwise in relation thereto shall cease except as to so much 
 thereof as shall then be completed. 
 
 DEPOSIT OR PENALTY. 
 
 31. Whereas pursuant to the Standing Orders of both Houses Deposit 
 
 of Parliament and to the Parliamentary Deposits Act 1846 a money not to 
 
 be repaid 
 
 (p) Or as the case may be.
 
 94<i 
 
 PAKLIAMKNTAKY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 until line 
 opened. 
 
 Application 
 of deposit. 
 
 sum of - - [stock, Exchequer bills], being five per cent, upon 
 the amount of the estimate in respect of the tramway, has been 
 deposited with [transferred into the name of] the Paymaster 
 (ieneral for and on behalf of the Supreme Court [Accountant 
 General of the Supreme Court in Ireland] in respect of the appli- 
 r;iti<m to Parliament for this Act, (which sum [stock, Exchequer 
 bills] is [are] referred to in this Act as the deposit fund) : Be it 
 enacted that notwithstanding anything contained in the said Act 
 the said deposit fund shall not be paid or transferred to or on the 
 application of the person or persons or the majority of the persons 
 named in the warrant or order issued in pursuance of the .said 
 Act or the survivors or survivor of them (which persons, survivors 
 or survivor are or is in this Act referred to as the depositors) 
 unless the company shall previously to the expiration of the period 
 limited by this Act for completion of the tramway open the same 
 for the public conveyance of passengers, and if the company 
 shall make default in so opening the tramway the deposit fund 
 >holl be applicable and shall be applied as provided by the next 
 following section: Provided that if within such period as afore- 
 said the company open any portion of the tramway for the public 
 on\eyance of passengers, then on the production of a certificate 
 of the Board of Trade specifying the length of the portion of the 
 tramway opened as aforesaid and the portion of the deposit fund 
 which bears to tho whole of the deposit fund the same proportion 
 as the length of the tramway so opened bears to the entire length 
 of the tramway hereby authorised, the High Court shall on tho 
 application of the depositors order the portion of the deposit fund 
 specified in the certificate to be paid or transferred to them or as 
 they shall direct, and the certificate of the Board of Trade shall 
 be sufficient e\ iilence of tho facts therein certified and it shall not 
 be necessary to produce any certificate of this Act having passed. 
 anything in the above mentioned Act to the contrary notwith- 
 standing. 
 
 32. If the company do not pre\ iously to the expiration of the 
 period limited for the completion of the tramway complete the 
 -ame and open it for the public conveyance of passengers, then and 
 in every such case the deposit fund or so much thereof as shall not 
 ha\v been paid to the depositors shall be applicable and after due 
 notice in the Lmulon Gazette shall be applied towards compen- 
 >;iting any landowners or other persons whose property has been
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 
 
 interfered with or otherwise rendered less valuable by the com- 
 mencement, construction or abandonment of the tramway or any 
 portion thereof; or who have been subjected to injury or loss in 
 consequence of the compulsory powers of taking property conferred 
 upon the company by this Act, and also in compensating all road 
 authorities for the expense incurred by them in taking up any 
 tramway or materials connected therewith placed by the company 
 in or on any road vested in or maintainable by such road 
 authorities respectively, and in making good all damage caused to 
 such roads by the construction or abandonment of such tramway 
 and shall be distributed in satisfaction of such compensation 
 as aforesaid in such manner and in such proportions as to the 
 High Court may seem fit; and if no such compensation is payable 
 or if a portion of the deposit fund has been found sufficient to 
 satisfy all just claims in respect of such compensation, then the 
 deposit fund or such portion thereof as may not be required as 
 aforesaid shall, if a receiver has been appointed or the company 
 is insolvent and has been ordered to be wound up or the under- 
 taking- has been abandoned, be paid or transferred to such receiver 
 or to the liquidator or liquidators of the company or be applied in 
 ths discretion of the Court as part of the assets of the company for 
 the benefit of the creditors thereof and subject to such application 
 shall be repaid or retransf erred to the depositors: Provided that 
 until the deposit fund has been repaid [retransferred] to the 
 depositors or has become otherwise applicable as hereinbefore 
 mentioned any interest or dividends accruing thereon shall as 
 and when the same become payable be paid to or on application of 
 the depositors. 
 
 [The two following clauses are to be substituted in every Bill 
 iriicrcbij the construction of any new line of tramway is authorised, 
 or the time for completing any line already authorised is extended, 
 promoted by an existing tramway company which is possessed of 
 a tramway already opened for public traffic, and which has during 
 the year last past paid dividends on its ordinary share capital, 
 and which does not propose to raise under the Bill a capital greater 
 than its existing authorised capital.'] 
 
 31 A. If the company fail within the period limited by this Penalty 
 Act to complete the tramway and open the same for public traffic ^j^g the 
 the company shall be liable to a penalty of fifty pounds a day for line is opened 
 
 J . . . within the 
 
 every day after the expiration of the period so limited until the time limited.
 
 948 PAKLIAMKNTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 tramway is completed and opened for publio traffic or until the 
 sum received in respect of such penalty amounts to five per cent. 
 on the estimated cost of the works, and the said penalty may be 
 applied for by any road authority, landowner or other person claim- 
 ing to be- compensated or interested in accordance with the pro- 
 visions of the next following section of this Act and in the same 
 manner as the penalty provided in sect. 3 of the Railway and iCanal 
 Traffic Act 1854; and every sum of money recovered by way of 
 such penalty as aforesaid shall be paid under the warrant or order 
 of such court or judge as is specified in that section to an account 
 opened or to be opened in the name of the Paymaster-General for 
 and on behalf of the Supreme Court [the Accountant 6-eneral of 
 the Supreme Court in Ireland] in the bank [and to the credit] 
 specified in such warrant or order and shall not be paid thereout 
 except as hereinafter provided, but no penalty shall accrue in 
 respect of any time during which it shall appear by a certificate 
 to be obtained from the Board of Trade that the company was 
 prevented from completing or opening such line by unforeseen 
 accident or circumstances beyond their control, provided that the 
 want of sufficient funds shall not be held to bo a circumstance 
 beyond their control. 
 
 32A. Every sum of money so recovered by way of penalty as 
 aforesaid shall be applicable and after due notice in the London 
 Gazette shall be applied towards compensating any landowners 
 or other persons whose property may have been interfered with or 
 otherwise rendered less valuable by the commencement, construc- 
 tion or abandonment of the tramway or any portion thereof, or 
 who may have been subjected to injury or loss in consequence of 
 tltc compulsory powers of taking property conferred upon the com- 
 pany by this Act, and also in compensating all road authorities 
 for the expense incurred by them in taking up any tramway or 
 materials connected therewith placed by the company in or on any 
 road vested in or maintainable by such road authorities respec- 
 tively and in making good all damage caused to such roads by 
 the construction or abandonment of such tramway, and shall be 
 distributed in satisfaction of such compensation as aforesaid in 
 such manner and in such proportions as to the High Court may 
 Boom fit; and if no such compensation shall be payable or if a 
 portion of the sum or sums of money so recovered by way of 
 penalty as aforesaid shall have been found sufficient to satisfy all
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 949 
 
 just claims in respect of such compensation, then the said sum! or 
 sums of money recovered by way of penalty or such portion thereof 
 as may not be required as aforesaid shall, if a receiver has been 
 appointed or the company is insolvent and has been ordered to be 
 wound up or the undertaking [tramway or tramways in respect of 
 which the penalty has been incurred or any part thereof] has 
 been abandoned, be paid or transferred to such receiver or to the 
 liquidator or liquidators of the company or be applied in the 
 discretion of. the Court as part of the assets of the company for 
 the benefit of the creditors thereof, and subject to such application 
 shall be repaid or retransf erred to the company. 
 
 FARES, RATES, AND CHARGES. 
 
 33. The company may demand and take for every passenger Passenger*' 
 travelling upon the tramway or any part or parts thereof, includ- farefl - 
 ing every expense incidental to such conveyance, a fare not 
 exceeding one penny per mile; and in computing the said fare 
 
 the fraction of a mile shall be deemed a mile, but in no case shall 
 the company be bound to charge a less sum than one penny. 
 
 34. Every passenger travelling upon the tramway may take 
 with him his personal luggage not exceeding twenty-eight pounds 
 in weight without any charge being made for the carriage thereof, 
 all such luggage to be carried by hand and not to occupy any part 
 of a seat nor to be of a form or description to annoy or incon- 
 venience other passengers. 
 
 35. The company shall not be bound unless they think fit to Company not 
 carry passengers' luggage exceeding - - pounds in weight nor bound to 
 any parcel or goods (q) . 
 
 36. Goods, animals, articles or things (other than passengers Goods traffic 
 and passengers' luggage and parcels not exceeding fifty-six pounds ^"tain houra. 
 in weight) shall not be conveyed on the tramway between the hours 
 
 of eight in the morning and eight in the evening without the 
 consent of the local authority and the road authority. 
 
 // the company is not to be authorised to take rates and charges Company not 
 for animals and goods the following clause is to be inserted: 
 
 37. The company shall not carry on the tramways any goods, goods. 
 
 (q) Where animals and goods are intended to be carried, a clause 
 should be inserted fixing the maximum rates for such carriage. See, for 
 instance, Nottinghamshire, &c. Act, 1903, c. 202, s. 49.
 
 950 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 passengers and passengers' 
 in this Act in that behalf 
 
 AH to fan-* mi 
 Sundays 
 or holiday*. 
 
 Chrap fan-s 
 
 Periodical 
 revision 
 of rat<- Mini 
 
 animals or other things other than 
 luggage not exceeding the weight 
 mentioned and small parcels. 
 
 18. The company shall not take or demand on Sunday or any 
 pul)li(j holiday any higher fares or charges than those levied by 
 tin -in on ordinary week days. 
 
 'W. (1) The company at all times after the opening of the 
 tramways for public traffic shall and they are hereby required to 
 run a proper and sufficient service of carriages for artizans, 
 mechanics and daily labourers each way every morning and every 
 evening (Sundays, Christmas Day and Good Friday always 
 excepted), at such hours not being later than eight in the morning 
 or earlier than five in the evening respectively as may be most 
 convenient for such workmen going to and returning from their 
 work, at fares not exceeding one halfpenny for every mile or 
 fraction of that distance. On Saturdays the company in lieu of 
 running such carriages after five o'clock in the evening shall run 
 the same at such hours between noon and two o'clock in the after- 
 noon as may be most convenient for the said purposes. 
 
 (2) If complaint is made to the Board of Trade that such 
 proper and sufficient service is not provided, the Board after 
 considering the circumstances of the locality may by order direct 
 the company to provide such service as may appear to the Board 
 to be reasonable. 
 
 (3) The company shall be liable to a penaltj- not exceeding 
 five pounds for every day during which they fail to comply with 
 any order under this section. 
 
 40. If at any time after three years from the opening for 
 public traffic of the tramways or any portion thereof or after three 
 years from the date of ;m\ order made in pursuance of this section 
 in respect of the tramways or any portion thereof it is represented 
 in writing to the Board of Trade by the local authority of any 
 district in which the tramways or such portion are or is wholly or 
 partly situate or by twenty inhabitant ratepayers of that district 
 or by the company that under the circumstances then existing all 
 or any of the fares or other charges demanded and taken in respect 
 of the traffic on tin- tramways or on such portion should be revised, 
 the Board of Trade may (if they think fit) direct an inquiry by a 
 referee to be appointed by the said Board in accordance with the 
 provisions of the Tramways Act 1870; and if the referee reports
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 
 
 that it has been proved to his satisfaction that all or any of the 
 fares or charges should be revised, the said Board may, subject to 
 the maximum fares and charges authorised by this Act, by order in 
 Avriting alter, modify, reduce or increase all or any of the fares or 
 charges to be taken in respect of the tramways or on any portion 
 thereof and thenceforth such order shall be observed until tho 
 same is revoked or modified by an order of the Board of Trade 
 made in pursuance of this section: Provided that a copy of this 
 section shall be annexed to every table or list of fares published 
 or exhibited by the company. 
 
 LANDS . 
 
 41. Subject to the provisions of this Act the company may Power to 
 enter upon, take, hold and use for the purposes of their undertaking 
 
 the following lands shown on the deposited plans and described in 
 the deposited book of reference (that is to say) &c. 
 
 42. The powers of the company for the compulsory purchase of Period for 
 lands for the purposes of this Act shall cease after the expiration purchase 
 of three years from the passing of this Act. uf lands - 
 
 43. If there be any omission, mis-statement or wrong descrip- < 'urrectiou of 
 tion of any lands or of the owners, lessees or occupiers of any lands deposited plan 
 shown on the deposited plan or specified in the deposited book of a ? d ^ ok 
 
 * . c , . . ot reference. 
 
 reference, the company after giving ten days notice to the owners, 
 lessees and occupiers of the land in question may apply to two 
 justices acting for the county of - - for the correction thereof; 
 ;md if it appear to the justices that the omission, mis-statement or 
 wrong description arose from mistake they shall certify the same 
 accordingly, and they shall in their certificate state the particulars 
 of the omission and in what respect any such matter is mis-stated 
 or wrongly described, and such certificate shall be deposited with 
 the clerk of the peace for the county of - - and a duplicate 
 thereof shall also be deposited with the clerks of the parish councils 
 [or as the case may be] in which the lapds affected thereby are 
 situate, and such certificate and duplicate respectively shall be 
 kept by such clerk of the peace and clerks of parish councils respec- 
 tively with the other documents to which the same relate; and 
 thereupon the deposited plan and book of reference shall be 
 deemed to be corrected according to such certificate, and it shall
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 I'nn tiii*<- of 
 land* by 
 agreement. 
 
 Nuiaance. 
 
 ie lawful for the company to take the lands and execute the works 
 in accordance with such certificate. 
 
 44. In addition to the other lands which the company are by 
 this Act authorised to purchase and acquire they may purchase, 
 take on lease or acquire by agreement and may hold for the pur- 
 poses of their undertaking any lands not exceeding ten acres, and 
 they may on such lands erect or construct and hold depots, yards, 
 wharves, offices, buildings, sidings, works and other conveniences 
 in connection with their undertaking. 
 
 45. Nothing in this Act shall exonerate the company from any 
 indictment, action or other proceeding for nuisance in the event 
 of any nuisance being caused or permitted by them on any lands 
 purchased or used by them for the purposes of their undertaking. 
 
 Company not 
 to create 
 
 (1 (!> nt ure 
 stock. 
 
 of 
 
 on Bile of 
 tramway. 
 
 CAPITAL, &c. 
 
 [Here insert clauses for CAPITAL, &c.: see p. 893 et seq. ; 
 but the following clauses are necessary in Tramway 
 Bills.] 
 
 46. The company shall not create debenture stock. 
 
 47. Every mortgage of the company's undertaking shall be 
 deemed to comprise all purchase money which may bo paid to 
 the company in the event of a sale to the local authority under 
 sect. 43 of the Tramways Act 1870, and may comprise all or any 
 moneys carried to the contingency fund according to the terms 
 of the mortgage; and every mortgage deed shall be endorsed with 
 notice that the mortgage will not be a charge upon the tramways 
 or the tramway undertaking in the event of such sale. 
 
 By-laws 
 
 by i. .- .1 
 authority. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS . 
 
 48. The provisions of the Tramways Act 1870 relating to the 
 making of by-laws by the local authority with respect to the rate 
 of speed to be observed in travelling on the tramways shall not 
 authorise the local authority to make any by-laws sanctioning 
 a higher rate of speed than that authorised by this Act or by the 
 Board of Trade regulations, but the by-laws of the looal authority 
 may restrict the rate of speed to a lower rate than that so 
 authorised.
 
 MODEL TRAMWAY BILL. 953 
 
 49. If any person wilfully does or causes to be done with Penalty for 
 
 malicious 
 
 respect to any apparatus used for or in connection with the work- damage, 
 ing of any tramway of the company anything which is calculated 
 to obstruct or interfere with the working of such tramway or to 
 cause injury to any person, he shall (without prejudice to any 
 proceedings by way of indictment or otherwise to which he may be 
 subject) be guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction 
 -and every person convicted of such offence or of any offence under 
 sect. 50 of the Tramways Act 1870 with respect to any tramway 
 of the company shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding twenty 
 pounds. 
 
 50 . Where the consent or approval of any local or road autho- Consents 
 rity is by this Act required before the exercise of any powers by r r ' ^ au 
 the company, such consent or approval shall not be unreasonably thority. 
 withheld and if any difference arises as to whether any consent or 
 approval is unreasonably withheld that difference shall be referred 
 
 to arbitration. 
 
 51. Where under this Act any question or dispute is to be References to 
 referred to arbitration, then, unless other provision is made, the 
 reference shall be to an arbitrator appointed by the Board of 
 
 Trade. 
 
 52. All orders, regulations and by-laws made by the Board of Orders, &o. of 
 Trade under the authority of this Act shall be signed by a Secre- Trade. 
 
 tary or an Assistant Secretary of the Board. 
 
 53. Any penalty under this Act or under any by-laws made Recovery 
 
 t ^' A , u J -j J of penalties. 
 
 in pursuance of this Act may be recovered in manner provided 
 
 by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts. 
 
 [In the case of Companies' Bills, here insert clauses " Interest 
 not to be paid out of capital " and " Deposits for future 
 Bills not to be paid out of capital," see pp. 912, 913.] 
 
 54. Nothing in this Act contained shall exempt the company Provision as 
 or the tramway from the provisions of any general Act relating to g eneral 
 tramways passed before or after the commencement of this Act, Acts. 
 
 or from any future revision or alteration under the authority of 
 Parliament of the maximum fares, rates or charges authorised by 
 this Act.
 
 964 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Incorporation 
 of Act*. 
 
 Interpreta- 
 tion. 
 
 Limits of 
 Act. 
 
 Incorporation 
 of company. 
 
 4. MODEL GAS BiLL(r). 
 
 1. The following Acts and parts of Acts are hereby incor- 
 porated with this Act (namely): 
 
 The Companies Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 (except the 
 provisions relating to the conversion of borrowed money 
 into capital), Part I. (relating to cancellation and sur- 
 render of shares), and Part III. (relating to debenture 
 stock) of the Companies Clauses Act 1863 as amended by 
 subsequent Acts; and 
 
 The Gasworks Clauses Act 1847 ((s) except sect. 7): Pro- 
 vided that sect. 13 shall be read as if the words " or any 
 premises" were inserted after the words "private build- 
 ing " and as if the words " Provided also that every such 
 contract entered into by the company shall be alike in 
 terms and amount under like circumstances to all con- 
 sumers " were added at the end of that section. 
 
 2. In this Act the several words and expressions to which mean- 
 ings are assigned by the Acts wholly or partially incorporated 
 herewith shall have the same respective meanings unless there 
 be something in the subject or context repugnant to such con- 
 struction: 
 
 The expression " the company " shall mean the company 
 incorporated by this Act; 
 
 The expression " the works " " the gasworks " and " the 
 undertaking " shall respectively mean and include the gas- 
 works and works connected therewith by this Act vested in 
 or authorised to be made or maintained by the company 
 and any improvement thereof which they may construct 
 under the powers of this Act and the lands, buildings, 
 estate, right, title, property, privileges and effects and the 
 undertaking of the company and every part thereof 
 respectively . 
 
 3. The limits of this Act shall be, &c. 
 
 4. [Incorporation of company ; see p. 893, clause 6.] 
 
 (r) Clauses 415 and 22 are not applicable to Bills of local authorities; 
 clauses 13, 16 21, 23 37 may be applied with the necessary modifica- 
 tions. 
 
 () Tho exception of sect. 7 will, in effect, authorise the breaking up of 
 private streets for the purpose of laying pipes. See also clause 17.
 
 MODEL GAS BILL. 
 
 5. The company shall be established for the purpose of marm- General pur- 
 facturing and supplying gas for lighting, heating, motive power company- 
 and other purposes within the limits of this Act, and may convert, 
 manufacture and sell all residual products resulting from the 
 manufacture of gas by them and generally may carry on the 
 business usually carried on by a gas company (t). 
 
 CAPITAL. 
 
 [Here insert clauses as to capital, issue of shares, and calls; 
 see p. 893.] 
 
 6 (u) . The company may from time to time raise additional Power to 
 
 capital not exceeding in the whole pounds by the creation co . m P a y to 
 
 r P r raise addi- 
 
 and issue of new ordinary shares or stock or new preference shares tional capital, 
 or stock, or wholly or partially by one or more of those modes 
 respectively, but the company shall not issue any share of less 
 nominal value than ten pounds: Provided that it shall not be 
 lawful for the company to create and issue under the powers 
 of this Act any greater nominal amount of capital than shall 
 be sufficient to produce, including any premium which may be 
 
 obtained on the sale thereof, the sum of pounds: Provided also 
 
 that the company shall not create and issue within the year fol- 
 lowing the passing of this Act any greater nominal amount of 
 capital than shall be sufficient to produce in manner aforesaid 
 
 - pounds or within any subsequent year - pounds : Provided 
 also that the company shall not raise by the issue of preference 
 shares or stock a greater amount of such additional capital than 
 pounds. 
 
 7 . If in any year or years the company have not created and if authorised 
 
 capital for any 
 
 (t) The following clause, in restriction of powers granted in previous 
 Acts, was inserted in some Acts of 1912: - 
 
 " The company (notwithstanding anything in any Act relat- 
 ing to their undertaking) shall not purchase or use in any process 
 of manufacture any materials other than those required for the 
 making and supply of gas or for the working up of their own 
 residual products or for the construction, maintenance and repair 
 of their gasworks, plant and buildings or for the maintenance and 
 repair of gas fittings." 
 
 (w) Applicable only to existing companies. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 7
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 year not raited issued capital to the full amount hereinbefore prescribed in rela- 
 
 amount may be 
 made up in 
 
 year*. 
 
 Power to 
 borrow. 
 
 Application 
 of 
 
 ,T i_ .1 
 
 to such year or years, they may in any subsequent year 
 create and issue in addition to the amount prescribed for such 
 i/ear such a nominal amount of capital as shall be sufficient to- 
 gether with the amount then raised to produce in manner afore- 
 said - - pounds in respect of the year following the passing of 
 this Act, and - - pounds in respect of every subsequent year 
 then expired. 
 
 8. The company may subject to the provisions of this Act 
 borrow on mortgage of the undertaking any sum or sums not 
 exceeding in the whole one-third part of the amount of the [addi- 
 tional] capital which at the time of borrowing has been raised 
 under the powers of this Act. But no sum shall be borrowed in 
 respect of any capital so raised until the company have proved 
 to a justice of the peace before he gives his certificate under the 
 fortieth section of the Companies Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 
 that the whole of the stock or shares at the time issued together 
 with the premium (if any) realised on the sale thereof have been 
 fully paid up. 
 
 9. All moneys raised under this Act including premiums shall 
 be applied only to purposes to which capital is properly applic- 
 able, and any sum of money which may arise by way of premium 
 from the issue of shares or stock under the provisions of this Act 
 shall not be considered as part of the capital of the undertakers 
 entitled to dividend. 
 
 \Then insert the clauses Priority of money already bor- 
 rowed on mortgage (p. 918), debenture stock clauses 
 (p. 918), and clauses as to general meetings, and 
 directors (p. 895).] 
 
 Profit* of 
 the company 
 limited. 
 (Standard 
 rates of 
 dividend.) 
 
 LIMITATION OF PROFITS. 
 
 10. Except as by this Act provided the profits of the com- 
 pany to be divided among the shareholders in any year shall not 
 exceed the following rates (which are in this Act referred to as 
 the standard rates of dividend), that is to say, on the original 
 capital the rate of ten pounds in respect of every one hundred 
 pounds of such capital, and on the additional capital to be raised 
 under the powers of this Act the rate of seven pounds in respect 
 of every one hundred pounds actually paid up of such capital
 
 MODEL GAS BILL. 957 
 
 as shall be issued as ordinary capital, and the rate of five pounds 
 in respect of every one hundred pounds actually paid up of such 
 capital as shall be issued as preference capital. 
 
 11. In case in any half-year the funds of the company Dividends on 
 applicable to dividend shall be insufficient to pay the full amount 
 
 of dividend at the prescribed maximum rate on each class of Btock r 
 
 , . . , , , shares to be 
 
 ordinary stock or shares in the capital of the company a propor- pa id propor- 
 
 tionate reduction shall be made in the dividend of each class. tionately. 
 12. (1) The Directors of the company may if they think tit Power to 
 in any year appropriate out of the revenue of the company as g^ciaVpur- 
 part of the expenditure on revenue account any sum not exceed- poses fund 
 ing an amount equal to one per cent, of the paid-up capital of the 
 company, including premiums, to a fund to be called the "Special 
 Purposes Fund." 
 
 (2) The Special Purposes Fund shall be applicable only to meet 
 such charges as a chartered accountant or incorporated accountant 
 being the auditor of the company or appointed for the purpose 
 by the Board of Trade shall approve as being 
 
 (a) expenses incurred by reason of accidents, strikes or circum- 
 
 stances which due care and management could not have 
 prevented, or 
 
 (b) expenses incurred in the replacement or removal of plant 
 
 or works other than expenses requisite for maintenance 
 and renewal of plant and works. 
 
 (3) The maximum amount standing to the credit of the Special 
 Purposes Fund shall not at any time exceed an amount equal 
 to one-tenth part of the paid-up capital of the company including 
 premiums. 
 
 (4) The moneys forming the Special Purposes Fund or any 
 portion thereof may be invested in securities in which trustees 
 axe authorised by law to invest or may be applied for the general 
 purposes of the company to which capital is properly applicable, 
 or majr be used partly in the one way and partly in the other. 
 
 (5) Resort may from time to time be had to the Special Pur- 
 poses Fund notwithstanding that the sum standing to the credit 
 of the Fund is for the time being less than the maximum allowed 
 by this section. 
 
 (z) This clause is not applicable except where there is a sliding scale, 
 
 7 (2)
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Application of 
 excess of 
 profits over 
 authorised 
 rates of 
 dividend. 
 
 Power to 
 create a 
 reserve fund. 
 
 (6) [(y) The money or securities standing to the credit of the 
 Insurance Fund of the company at the passing of this Act shall 
 be credited to the Special Purposes Fund and section - - of 
 the Act of - - is hereby repealed.] 
 
 13. If the clear profits of the undertaking of the company 
 in any year amount to a larger sum than is sufficient to pay 
 [the dividend on the preference capital and] the dividend at the 
 authorised rate on the ordinary capital of the company the excess 
 shall be carried to the credit of the divisible profits of such under- 
 taking for the next following year. 
 
 Provided that the sum standing to the credit of such divisible 
 profits shall not at any time exceed the amount required to pay 
 one year's dividend at the authorised rate. 
 
 14. Where in any year the dividend of the company on the 
 ordinary capital of the company shall exceed the standard rate 
 by reason of the price charged by the company for gas in such 
 year being below the standard price, then out of the amount of 
 the divisible profits of the company applicable to the payment 
 of such excess of dividend the company may in such year set 
 apart such sum as they shall think fit, and all sums (if any) so 
 set apart by the company, and any reserve or other fund of the 
 company existing at the passing of this Act, may be invested in 
 Government or other securities, and the divid-ends and interest 
 arising from such securities may also be invested in the same or 
 the like securities, in order that the same may accumulate at 
 compound interest; and the fund so formed shall be called " the 
 Reserve Fund," and shall be applicable to the payment of divi- 
 dend in any year in which the clear profits of the company shall 
 be insufficient to enable the company in such year to pay the 
 dividend at the authorised rate on the ordinary capital of the 
 company, and save as in this Act provided no sum shall in any 
 year be carried by the company to any reserve fund. 
 
 AUCTION CLAUSE (2). 
 
 New shares 15. (1) All shares or stock created under the powers of this 
 
 to be sold by ^ ct 8na ^ ^e i ssue d in accordance with the provisions of this 
 auction section . 
 
 or tender. 
 
 (y) Insert where an insurance fund already exists and repeal section 
 authorising creation of that fund. 
 
 (z) This clause is also applicable to Bills of water companies.
 
 MODEL GAS BILL. 969 
 
 (2) All shares or stock so to be issued shall be offered for 
 sale by public auction or tender in such manner, at such times, 
 and subject to such conditions of sale as the company shall from 
 time to time determine. Provided as follows: 
 
 (a) Notice of the intended sale shall be given in writing to 
 
 the town clerk of and to the secretary of the 
 
 London Stock Exchange at least twenty-eight days 
 before the day of auction or the last day for the recep- 
 tion of tenders as the case may be, and shall also be 
 duly advertised once in each of two consecutive weeks 
 in one or more local newspapers circulating within the 
 said borough: 
 
 (b) A reserve price shall be fixed and notice thereof shall be 
 
 sent by the company in a sealed letter to be received 
 by the Board of Trade not less than twenty-four hours 
 before, but not to be opened till after, the day of auction 
 or last day for the receipt of tenders as the case may be : 
 
 (c) No lot offered for sale shall comprise shares or stock of 
 
 greater nominal value than one hundred pounds: 
 
 (d) In the case of a sale by tender no preference shall be 
 
 given to one of two or more persons tendering the same 
 sum; in the case of a sale by auction a bid shall not be 
 recognised unless it is in advance of the last preceding 
 bid: 
 
 (e) It shall be one of the conditions of sale that the total sum 
 
 payable by the purchaser shall be paid to the company 
 within three months after the date of the auction or of 
 the acceptance of the tender as the case may be. 
 
 (3) Any shares or stock ;which have been so offered for sale 
 and are not sold may be offered at the reserve price to the holders 
 of ordinary [(a) and preference] shares or stock of the company 
 in accordance with the provisions of sections 18, 19, and 20 of 
 the Companies Clauses Act, 1863, and to the employees of the 
 company, and to the consumers of gas supplied by the company, 
 in such proportions as the company may think fit or to one or 
 more of these classes of persons only: provided, in the case of an 
 offer to holders of shares or stock, that if the aggregate amount 
 
 (a) Omit words in brackets where there are no preference shares or 
 stock.
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Powers a to 
 and mainto- 
 
 ft 
 
 'pwertolay 
 prirate 
 
 of shares or stock applied for shall exceed the aggregate amount 
 so offered as aforesaid the same shall be allotted to and distri- 
 buted amongst the applicants as nearly as may be in proportion to 
 the amounts applied for by them respectively. 
 
 (4) Any shares or stock which have been offered for sale in 
 accordance with sub-section (2) or with sub-sections (2) and (3) 
 and are not sold, shall be again offered for sale by public auction 
 or by tender in accordance with the provisions of this section, and 
 any such shares or stock then remaining unsold may be otherwise 
 disposed of at such price and in such manner as the directors may 
 determine for the purpose of realising the best price obtainable. 
 
 (5) As soon as possible after the conclusion of the sale or sales, 
 the company shall send a report thereof to the Board of Trade, 
 stating the total amount of the [(&) respective] shares or stock 
 sold, the total amount obtained as premium (if any), and the 
 highest and lowest prices obtained for the [(&) respective] shares 
 or stock. 
 
 CONSTRUCTION OF WORKS. 
 
 16. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the company may 
 upon the lands described in the Schedule to this Act erect, main- 
 ^ n ' a ^ ter ' i m P rove > enlarge, extend and renew or discontinue gas- 
 works, retorts, gasometers, receivers, mains, pipes, stop-cocks, 
 machinery and other works and apparatus and conveniences, and 
 may do all such acts as may be proper for making and storing 
 gas and for supplying gas within the limits of this Act, and may 
 on the said lands manufacture and convert all residual products 
 resulting from the manufacture of gas by them. 
 
 17 ( c ) The company may on the application of the owner or 
 occupier of any premises within the limits of this Act abutting 
 on or being erected in any street laid out but not dedicated to 
 public use, supply those premises with gas, and for that purpose 
 the Gas Works Clauses Act, 1847, shall apply as if section 7 of 
 that Act were excepted from incorporation in the Act of - . 
 
 (6) Omit word in brackets where there are no preference shares or 
 stock. 
 
 (c) This clause may be used in cases where sect. 7 of the Clauses Act 
 is incorporated in a previous Act of the company. It will be unnecessary 
 where there is no previous Act, or where the previous Act is being 
 repealed, if the Bill excepts sect. 7 from incorporation.
 
 MODEL GAS BILL. 961 
 
 LANDS. 
 
 18. The company may for the purposes of their undertaking Power to 
 purchase, take and hold (by agreement but not otherwise) in land's by* 
 addition to the lands described in the Schedule to this Act any agreement, 
 lands and hereditaments not exceeding in the whole - - acres 
 which the company may require for the purposes of their works 
 and undertaking; but the company shall not create or permit a 
 nuisance on any such lands and no lands shall be used by the com- 
 pany for the purpose of manufacturing gas or residual products 
 except the lands described in the Schedule to this Act. 
 
 SUPPLY OF GAS. 
 
 19. The price to be charged by the company for gas supplied Limit of 
 by them to persons who shall burn the same by meter shall not at P nce - 
 any time exceed per thousand cubic feet. 
 
 Alternative (in Companies' Bills) Sliding Scale. 
 
 20. The standard price to be charged by the company for gas Dividend 
 supplied by them shall be per thousand cubic feet: dependent on 
 
 T> i . . price charged. 
 
 Jrrovided that the company may increase or reduce the price 
 charged by them for gas above or below the standard price, sub- 
 ject to a reduction or increase in the dividend payable by the 
 company on the ordinary share capital or stock as follows: 
 
 In respect of any year during any part of which the price 
 charged by the company shall have been one penny or part 
 of a penny above the standard price the dividend payable 
 by the company shall in respect of each penny or part of 
 a penny by which the standard price shall have been in- 
 creased be reduced below the standard rate of dividend by 
 five shillings on every hundred pounds of ordinary paid- 
 up capital with a ten per centum standard rate of divi- 
 dend, and by three shillings and sixpence on every one 
 hundred pounds of such capital ivith a seven per centum 
 standard rate of dividend, and so in proportion for any 
 fraction of one hundred pounds; 
 
 And in respect of any year during the whole of which the 
 price charged by the company shall have been one penny
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Discount*. 
 
 Charge for 
 gas supplied 
 by means of 
 prepayment 
 meters. 
 
 or more below the standard price, the dividend payable by 
 the company may in respect of each penny by which the 
 vhuulanl price shall have been reduced, be increased above 
 the standard rate by five shillings on every hundred pounds 
 of ordinary paid-up capital with a ten per centum standard 
 rate, of dividend, and by three shillings and sixpence on 
 every one hundred pounds of such capital with a seven 
 per centum standard rate of dividend, and so in proportion 
 for any fraction of one hundred pounds. 
 
 21. (d) The company may if they think fit allow discounts or 
 rebates to consumers of gas in consideration of prompt payment 
 of gas charges not exceeding in any case ten per centum, and 
 in addition thereto or irrespective thereof they may if they think 
 fit allow discounts or rebates to large consumers not exceeding 
 in any case fifteen per centum: Provided that all discounts or 
 rebates shall be of equal amount under like circumstances to all 
 consumers: Provided also that notice of the effect of this enact- 
 ment shall be endorsed on every demand note for gas charges. 
 
 22. (1) The company may demand for any gas supplied 
 through a prepayment meter a not greater charge than for gas 
 supplied to private consumers within their limits of supply 
 through any other kind of meter or by any other method of 
 supply. 
 
 (2) The charge for the hire of any pre-paynient meter and 
 fittings to be used therewith shall be a sum of money calculated 
 according to the quantity of gas supplied through the prepayment 
 meter, and the maximum charge shall be at the rate of tenpence 
 per one thousand cubic feet supplied in manner aforesaid, such 
 sum to include the hire of meter and the fittings used therewith, 
 or at the rate of one shilling per one thousand cubic feet, if 
 such fittings include a cooking stove. 
 
 (3) The charge for the hire of any prepayment meter without 
 fittings shall be a sum of money calculated according to the 
 quantity of gas supplied through the prepayment meter, and the 
 maximum charge shall be at the rate of sixpence per one thousand 
 cubic feet supplied in manner aforesaid or at the rate of ten per 
 
 (d) This clause is not required where sect. 13 of the Gasworks Clauses 
 Act, 1847, is amended as appears in clause 1, p. 954.
 
 MODEL GAS BILL. 963 
 
 centum per annum on the cost of the meter whichever shall be 
 the higher. 
 
 (4) The said charges shall include the providing, letting, 
 fixing, repairing and maintenance of the meters and fittings or 
 of the meters (as the case may be) and the cost of collection and 
 other costs incurred by the company in connection therewith. 
 
 (5) For the purpose of this section the expression " prepay- 
 ment meter " means any meter or appliance by which the 
 quantity of gas supplied is regulated according to the amount 
 of money prepaid therefor. 
 
 23. The prescribed number of candles shall not be less than Quality 
 fourteen. 
 
 24. For the purposes of the Gasworks Clauses Act, 1871, the Testing 
 prescribed testing place shall be a testing place which shall be p ce ' 
 provided by the company on the lands described in the schedule 
 
 to this Act [or otherwise describe position] before supplying or 
 within three months after beginning to supply gas under the 
 authority of this Act. 
 
 25. .(!} The quality of the gas supplied by the company Testing 
 shall with respect to its illuminating power be such as to produce, q 
 at the testing place when burned at the rate of five cubic feet 
 per hour, a light equal in intensity to the light produced by 
 fourteen sperm candles of six to the pound, each consuming 
 120 grains of sperm per hour, and shall be in all respects in 
 accordance with the provisions of the Gasworks Clauses Act, 
 1871. 
 
 (2) For testing the illuminating power of the gas the burner 
 to be used shall be that known as the Metropolitan Argand No. 2, 
 the photometer shall be the Bar Photometer (or the Table Photo- 
 meter), the standard light shall be that supplied by Harcourt's 
 Ten-Candle Pentane lamp, and in making the test the burner 
 shall be so used as to obtain from the gas when burned at the 
 rate aforesaid the greatest amouint of light: provided that the 
 Board of Trade may on the application of the company or 
 the local authority ((e) the Council or any five consumers) ap- 
 prove the use of any other burner, photometer, or standard light 
 which may appear to the Board to be equally or more suitable for 
 the testing. 
 
 (e) Substitute these words in local authorities' Bills.
 
 964 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Pressure. 
 
 Saving aa to 
 penalties. 
 
 As to 
 
 construction 
 and placing 
 of pipes, &c. 
 between 
 mains 
 and meters. 
 
 (3) The compcmy shall before supplying or within three 
 months after beginning to supply gas under this Act provide all 
 tho apparatus required by this Act for the testing of gas and 
 shall at all times keep the same in proper order and repair. 
 
 26. (1) All gas supplied by the company to any consumer 
 of gas shall be supplied at such pressure as to balance a column 
 of water not less than eight-tenths of one inch in height at the 
 main or as near as may be to the junction therewith of the 
 service pipe supplying the consumer. 
 
 (2) An}' gas examiner appointed under the Gasworks Clauses 
 Act, 1871, may, for the purposes of this Act, subject to the 
 terms of his appointment, at the testing place or at any public- 
 lamp (/), as and when he thinks fit, test the pressure at which the 
 gas is supplied. The company shall afford to the examiner all 
 reasonable facilities for making the test. 
 
 27. No penalty shall be incurred by the company for insuffi- 
 ciency of pressure, defect of illuminating power, or excess of 
 impurity in the gas supplied by them in any case in respect of 
 which it is proved that suteh insufficiency, defect, or excess was 
 produced by any circumstances beyond the control of the company. 
 Provided that the want of sufficient funds shall not be held to be 
 a circumstance beyond the control of the company. 
 
 28. In order to enable the company bo ensure a satisfactory 
 supply of gas to their consumers the following provisions shall 
 have effect: 
 
 (1) The company may specify the si^e and material of the 
 
 pipes with the fittings thereof which are to be laid by 
 the consumer on his own premises, either in the first 
 instance or on the occasion of any renewal, between the 
 company's mains and the meter so far as such pipes 
 and fittings are intended to be covered over: 
 
 (2) The company may 'if they think fit make different speci- 
 
 fications for different classes of premises having regard 
 to the probable maximum consumption of gas thereon at 
 any one time: 
 
 (3) The specification shall be published twice in some news- 
 
 paper (once in each of two newspapers) circulating 
 
 (/) In cases where there are no public lamps, provision may be made 
 for testing elsewhere than at the testing place.
 
 MODEL GAS BILL. 965 
 
 within the limits of supply, and a copy thereof shall 
 be kept exhibited in the office of the company : 
 
 (4) Every meter to be used in a new building, or a building 
 
 not previously supplied with gas, or in connection with 
 a new or substituted pipe laid by the consumer between 
 the main and the consumer's meter, shall be placed as 
 near as reasonably practicable to the company's main, 
 but within the outside wall of the building: 
 
 (5) When any such pipe or meter as aforesaid has been laid 
 
 or placed, notice thereof shall be given to the company 
 and the pipe shall not be covered over until after the 
 expiration of twenty -four hours from the service of such 
 notice on the company ; Any officer of the company 
 duly appointed may between nine o'clock in the morning 
 and five o'clock in the afternoon attend and inspect such 
 pipes (with their fittings) and meter, and if the officer 
 is not permitted to make the inspection, or if the pipes 
 or fittings are not according to the company's speci- 
 fication, or if the meter is not placed as required by 
 this section, the company may refuse to supply gas to 
 the premises until the provisions of this section have 
 been complied with: 
 
 (6), Any person to whom the company refuses a supply of 
 gas under the provisions of this section may appeal to 
 a petty sessional court against such refusal, and the 
 court may after hearing the parties and considering any 
 questions as to the reasonableness of the company's speci- 
 fication make such order as seems to them proper in 
 the circumstances, and may order by which of the parties 
 the costs of and incident to the appeal shall be paid. 
 29 . If any person is required by the company to give to them Company to 
 security for any supply of gas or for the payment of the price or 
 
 rent of a meter, and such security is made by way of deposit, deposited as 
 
 sccuritv for 
 
 the company shall pay interest after the rate of jour pounds per ga8 m eter, &c. 
 centum per annum on every sum of ten shillings deposited by 
 way of such security for every six months during which the 
 same remains in their hands. 
 
 30. (1) The company may purchase, sell, let for hire, fix, Power to 
 repair and remove, but shall not manufacture, engines, stoves, 
 ranges, pipes and other gas fittings for lighting, motive, heating.
 
 966 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 ventilating, cooking or any other purposes, and may provide all 
 materials and work necessary or proper in that behalf, and with 
 respect thereto may demand and take such remuneration or rents 
 ami charges, and make such terms and conditions as may be agreed 
 upon. 
 
 (2) (ff) The corporation may enter into contracts for the exe- 
 cution of any of the powers of this section, and shall not them- 
 selves lay any pipes on the consumer's premises except between 
 tho main of the corporation and the consumer's meter, nor shall 
 they sell any such gas fittings as aforesaid except through a 
 contractor. 
 
 (3) Any fittings let for hire under the provisions of this section 
 shall not be subject to distress or to the landlord's remedy for 
 rent or be liable to be taken in execution under process of any 
 court or proceedings in bankruptcy against the person in whose 
 possession the same may be: Provided that such fittings are marked 
 or impressed with a sufficient mark or brand indicating the 
 company as the actual owners thereof. 
 
 (4) (0) Provided as follows: 
 
 (a) The corporation shall so adjust the charges to be made 
 
 by them for any such fittings, or for the fixing, repair- 
 ing or removal thereof as to meet any expenditure by 
 them under the powers of this section in connexion 
 therewith (including interest upon moneys borrowed 
 for those purposes and all sums applied to sinking 
 fund for repayment of moneys so borrowed): 
 
 (b) Every sum charged by the corporation in respect of the 
 
 provision of such fittings or the fixing, repairing or 
 removal thereof shall be separately stated on every 
 demand note delivered by the corporation to the con- 
 sumer: 
 
 (c) The total sums expended and received by the corporation 
 
 in connexion with the purposes in this section 
 mentioned in each year (including interest and sinking 
 fund) shall be separately shown in the published 
 accounts of the gas undertaking of the corporation for 
 that year, 
 ramers to 31 . At least twenty-four hours' notice shall be given to the 
 
 (0) Applicable to Bills of local authorities.
 
 MODEL GAS BILL. 967 
 
 company by every gas consumer either personally at the office give notice to 
 
 of the company or in writing before he shall quit any premises before^ 
 
 supplied with gas by meter by the company, and in default of rem vmg. 
 
 such notice the consumer so quitting shall be liable to pay to 
 
 the company the money accruing due in respect of such supply 
 
 up to the next usual period for ascertaining the register of the 
 
 meter on such premises, or the date from which any subsequent 
 
 occupier of such premises shall require the company to supply gas 
 
 to such premises whichever shall first occur. Notice to the effect 
 
 of this enactment shall be endorsed upon every demand note for 
 
 gas charges payable to the company . 
 
 32. If a person requiring a supply of gas from the company Power to 
 has previously quitted premises at which gas was supplied to persons^/ 
 him by the company without paying to them all gas charges and debt for other 
 meter rent due from him to the company, they may refuse to p 
 furnish to him a supply of gas until he pays the same . 
 
 33. A notice to the company from a consumer for the dis- Notice to 
 continuance of a supply of gas shall not be of any effect unless 
 
 it be in writing signed by or on behalf of the consumer and be 
 left at or sent by post to the office of the company, or be given 
 by the consumer personally at the office of the company. 
 
 34. In the event of any meter used by a consumer of gas being Period of error 
 tested in manner provided by the Sale of Gas Act 1859 and m Defective 
 
 r _ meters. 
 
 being proved to register erroneously within the meaning of the 
 said Act, such erroneous registration shall be deemed to have 
 first arisen during the then last preceding quarter of the year unless 
 it be proved to have first arisen during the then current quarter. 
 The amount of 'the allowance to be made to or of the surcharge 
 to be made upon the consumer by the company shall be paid by 
 or to the company to or by the consumer as the case may be, and 
 shall be recoverable in the like manner as gas charges are re- 
 coverable by the company. 
 
 SUPPLY OUTSIDE LIMITS. 
 
 35. The company may contract with any local authority, com- Company may 
 pany or persons authorised to supply gas under Parliamentary ^^local 
 powers in any district adjacent to the company's limits of supply authority, &c. 
 for the supply to them respectively of gas in bulk upon such terms i n bulk, 
 and conditions and for such periods not exceeding in any case
 
 96H 
 
 On failure uf 
 company, 
 other under- 
 takers may 
 apply for 
 powers. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 seven years from the making of the contract as may be agreed 
 upon, but nothing in this section shall authorise the company to 
 lay any mains or interfere with any street beyond their limits of 
 supply. 
 
 FAILURE TO SUPPLY. 
 
 36. If after the expiration of five years from the passing of 
 this Act the company have not laid down mains for the supply 
 of gas in [describe district] the local authority of that district or 
 any company or person may apply for an Act of Parliament or 
 Provisional Order for the purposes of providing such a supply and 
 for the repeal of the powers of the company in that behalf. 
 
 SCHEDULE referred to in the foregoing Act. 
 
 [Insert description and extent of all lands on which gas and 
 residual products may be manufactured by the company.] 
 
 Incorporation 
 of Acts. 
 
 5.. MOD EL WATER BILL. 
 
 1. The following Acts (so far as the same are applicable for 
 the purposes and are not inconsistent with the provisions of this 
 Act) arc hereby incorporated with this Act (namely): 
 
 (1) The Waterworks Clauses Acts 1847 and 1863 except 
 
 (a) the words " with the consent in writing of the 
 owner or reputed owner of any such house or of the 
 agent of such owner" in Section 44 of the Waterworks 
 Clauses Act 1847: 
 
 (b) (&) Sections 75 to 82 of the Waterworks Clauses 
 Act 1847 with respect to the amount of profit to be 
 received by the undertakers when the waterworks are 
 carried on for their benefit and Section 83 relating to 
 accounts. 
 
 (2) The Lands Clauses Acts. 
 
 (3) . 
 
 (fe) Omit in case of a company's Bill.
 
 MODEL WATER BILL. 969 
 
 CONSTRUCTION OF WORKS. 
 
 2. Subject to the provisions of this Act the corporation may Power to 
 wholly in the county of - - and in the lines and situation and 
 
 upon the lands delineated on the deposited plans and described in 
 the deposited book of reference make and maintain the following 
 works shown on the deposited plans and sections (that is to say): 
 
 (a) A reservoir &c. 
 
 (b) A conduit or line of pipes &c. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing works the corporation may upon 
 the said lands make and maintain all such cuts, channels, catch- 
 waters, tunnels, adits, pipes, conduits, culverts, drains, sluices, bye- 
 washes, shafts, wells, bores, water towers, overflows, waste-water 
 channels, gauges, filter beds, tanks, banks, walls, bridges, embank- 
 ments, piers, approaches, engines, machinery and appliances as 
 may be necessary or convenient in connection with or subsidiary to 
 the before-mentioned works or any or either of them, but nothing 
 in this section shall exonerate the corporation from any action, 
 indictment or other proceeding for nuisance in the event of any 
 nuisance being caused or permitted by them. 
 
 3 . In the construction of the works authorised by this Act Limits of 
 the corporation may deviate laterally to an extent not exceeding 
 
 the limits of lateral deviation shown on the deposited plans and 
 where on any road no such limits are shown the boundaries of such 
 road shall be deemed to be such limits and they may also deviate 
 vertically from the levels shown on the deposited sections to any 
 extent not exceeding in the case of the reservoir three feet upwards 
 and five feet downwards and in the case of other works three 
 feet upwards and ten feet downwards: Provided as follows (that 
 is to say): 
 
 The corporation shall not construct any embankment or wall 
 of such reservoir of a greater height above the general 
 surface of the ground than that shown on the deposited 
 sections in respect of the corresponding embankment or 
 wall and three feet in addition: 
 
 Except for the purposes of crossing over a stream no part of 
 the pipes shall be raised above the surface of the ground 
 unless and except so far as is shown on the deposited 
 sections.
 
 970 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Power to 
 
 Auto 
 water? 8 ' 
 
 4. Subject to the provisions of this Act the corporation may 
 collect, impound, take, use, divert and appropriate for the purposes 
 of their waterworks the waters of the following streams, namely 
 - and all such springs, streams and waters as may be inter- 
 cepted by the works by this Act authorised. 
 
 5. (1) Until the date of the completion of the said reservoir 
 the corporation may take from the River A. any water they may 
 require subject to the following restrictions: 
 
 (a) They shall place a gauge weir across the said river at or 
 
 near the proposed intake through an aperture in which 
 
 - gallons of water shall be allowed to pass and flow 
 
 down the river every working day of twenty-four hours : 
 
 (b) On any such day during such time as the flow of water in 
 
 the said river shall be less than at the rate of - 
 gallons per day of twenty-four hours the corporation 
 shall not be entitled to draw any water therefrom; but 
 during such time as the flow is in excess of such rate 
 the corporation may take all or such part of the excess 
 as they may require. 
 
 (2) After the said reservoir is completed the following pro- 
 visions shall apply: 
 
 (a) The corporation shall during every working day of twenty- 
 
 four hours discharge or deliver into the River A. at a 
 point therein situate not more than two hundred yards 
 below the foot of the embankment of the reservoir not 
 less than gallons of water in a continuous flow: 
 
 (b) For the purpose of measuring the quantity of water to be 
 
 so discharged or delivered into the River A. the cor- 
 poration shall erect and maintain at a point on the said 
 river below the said reservoir not more than 200 yards 
 from the foot of the embankment thereof a proper and 
 suitable measuring gauge over or through which the 
 said compensation water shall flow, and the same shall 
 
 be open to the inspection and examination of [the 
 
 Fishery Board and of] all persons interested therein. 
 
 (3) In case of any neglect on the part of the corporation to 
 maintain any gauge in a state of efficiency, and in case of any 
 other neglect by or in consequence of which the said respective 
 quantities of compensation water shall not so flow, the corpora- 
 tion shall for every day on which such neglect occurs forfeit and
 
 MODEL WATER BILL. 971 
 
 pay to each, of the persons affected thereby [including the said 
 Fishery Board] (who may sue for and recover the same) the sum 
 of five pounds, and shall in addition make compensation for any 
 loss, damage or injury sustained by such occupiers or any of them. 
 
 (4) If any difference arises between the corporation and the 
 
 Fishery Board, or any person so interested with respect to 
 
 the construction or use of any gauge or the state of repair or 
 condition thereof such difference shall be referred to the arbitra- 
 tion of an engineer to be nominated (unless otherwise agreed) on 
 the application of either of them by the Board of Trade. 
 
 (5) The provisions of this section shall be accepted and taken 
 by all persons interested as full compensation for all water of the 
 River A. which the corporation can divert, collect, impound or 
 appropriate by means of the works by this Act authorised, except 
 in respect of any lands situate between the foot of the said em- 
 bankment and the said point of disci) arge of water into the river. 
 
 6. The corporation may make and carry into effect agreements Power to 
 with the owners, lessees or occupiers of any lands within the amfnageof 
 drainage area of the reservoirs and works by this Act authorised lands, &c. 
 with reference to the execution by the corporation or such owners, 
 
 lessees or occupiers of such works as may be necessary for the 
 purpose of draining such lands or any of them, or for more effec- 
 tually collecting, conveying and preserving the purity of the waters 
 by this Act authorised to be diverted, collected and appropriated 
 by the corporation flowing to, upon or from such lands directly 
 or derivatively into such reservoirs and works. 
 
 7 . The corporation may hold any lands acquired by them under Power to hold 
 the powers of this Act which they may deem necessary for the protection of 
 purpose of protecting their waterworks against pollution, fouling waterworks, 
 and contamination, and so long as such necessity shall continue 
 
 such lands shall not be deemed to be superfluous lands within 
 the meaning of this Act or the Lands Clauses Acts respectively; 
 but the corporation shall not create or permit a nuisance on any 
 such lands, and shall not erect any buildings thereon other than 
 offices and dwellings for persons in their employ and such build- 
 ings and works as may be incident to or connected with their 
 water undertaking. 
 
 8. The corporation shall not construct any works for taking Limiting 
 or intercepting water from any lands acquired by them unless corporation 
 
 the works are authorised by and the lands upon which the same to abstract 
 
 water. 
 B. VOL. II. o
 
 972 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Corporation 
 easement* 
 
 are to bo constructed are specified in this or some other Act 
 of Parliament. 
 
 g ^ rpj ic cor p 0ra ti(m may in lieu of acquiring any lands 
 for the purposes of the works authorised by this Act, where the 
 gftme ftrc j nten( j e( } to b e constructed underground, acquire such 
 easements only in such lands as they may require for such pur- 
 poses and may give notice to treat in respect of such easements 
 describing the nature thereof, and the provisions of the Lands 
 Clauses Acts shall apply to and in respect of the acquisition of 
 such easements as fully as if the same were lands within the 
 meaning of those Acts. 
 
 (2) As regards any lands in respect of which the corporation 
 have acquired easements only under the provisions of this section 
 the corporation shall not be required or entitled to fence off or 
 sever such lands from the adjoining lands but the owners or 
 occupiers for the time being shall subject to such easements have 
 the same rights to use and cultivate the said lands at all times 
 as if this Act had not passed. 
 
 (3) Provided always that nothing in this section contained shall 
 authorise the corporation to acquire by compulsion any such ease- 
 ment in any case in which the owner in his particulars of claim 
 shall require the corporation to acquire the lands in respect of 
 which they have given notice to treat for the acquisition of an 
 easement only and every notice to treat for the acquisition of an 
 easement shall be endorsed with notice of this provision. 
 
 Rates for 
 Mij .ply of 
 water for 
 domestic 
 purposes. 
 
 SUPPLY OF WATER. 
 
 10. The corporation shall at the request of the owner or 
 occupier of any dwelling-house or part of a dwelling-house en- 
 titled under the provisions of this Act to demand a supply of 
 water for domestic purposes furnish to such owner or occupier a 
 sufficient supply of water for such domestic purposes at rates not 
 exceeding the rates per annum hereinafter specified (that is to 
 say): 
 
 (i) Where the rateable value of the premises so supplied with 
 
 (t) Where the rate is a percentage of the rateable value, the following 
 
 provision is inserted at the end of the clause: 
 
 " Nothing in this section shall entitle the corporation in any
 
 MODEL WATER BILL. 973 
 
 water does not exceed pounds the sum of eight shil- 
 lings and eightpence: 
 
 Where such rateable value exceeds pounds and does not 
 
 exceed pounds the sum of shillings: 
 
 Where such rateable value &c. &c. &c. 
 
 The rateable value of any such premises as aforesaid shall be 
 -ascertained by the valuation list in force at the commencement of 
 the quarter for which the rate accrues or if there is no such list in 
 force by the last rate made for the relief of the poor: Provided 
 that where the water rate is chargeable on the rateable value of a 
 part only of any hereditament entered in the valuation list such, 
 rateable value shall be a fairly apportioned part of the rateable 
 value of the whole tenement ascertained as aforesaid, the appor- 
 tionment in case of dispute to be ascertained by a court of sum- 
 mary jurisdiction. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing charges the corporation may 
 charge in respect of every watercloset beyond the first (for which 
 no additional charge shall be made) on any premises within the 
 limits of this Act a sum not exceeding five shillings per annum, 
 and for every fixed bath capable of containing not more than 
 fifty gallons a sum not exceeding seven shillings and sixpence 
 per annum, and for every fixed bath capable of containing more 
 than fifty gallons such sum as the corporation may think fit, 
 :such additional sum to be paid quarterly in advance and to be 
 recoverable in all respects with and as the water rate. 
 
 11. Where a house supplied with water is let to monthly or Rates payable 
 weekly tenants or tenants holding for any other period less than 
 a quarter of a year, the owner instead of the occupier shall if 
 the corporation so determine pay the rate for the supply; but the 
 rate may be recovered from the occupier and may be deducted by 
 him from the rent from time to time due from him to the owner: 
 Provided that no greater sum shall be recovered at any one time 
 
 case to demand for the water rate for any house or part of a house 
 included in any division of the above scale, a greater sum than 
 they would be entitled to demand if the house or part thereof were 
 of just sufficient rent or value to bring it within the next division 
 of the said scale relating to premises of a higher rent or value 
 whereon a lower rate per centum is chargeable." 
 
 8(2)
 
 974 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 C'orpuruttou 
 not bound 
 to supply 
 several houses 
 by one pipe. 
 
 Notice of dis- 
 continuance. 
 
 By-laws for 
 preventing 
 waste of 
 water. 
 
 from any such occupier than the amount of rent owing by him or 
 which shall have accrued due from him subsequent to the service- 
 upon him of a notice to pay the rate. 
 
 12. The corporation shall not be bound to supply more than 
 one house by means of the same communication pipe, and they 
 may if they think fit require that a separate pipe be laid from the 
 main pipe into each house supplied by them with water. 
 
 13. A notice to the corporation from a consumer for the dis- 
 continuance of a supply of water shall not be of any effect unless 
 it be in writing signed by or on behalf of the consumer and bo left 
 at or sent by post to the office of the corporation or be given 
 by the consumer personally at the office of the corporation. 
 
 14. (1) The corporation may make by-laws for the purpose 
 of preventing the waste, undue consumption, misuse or contamina- 
 tion of water and may by such by-laws prescribe the size, nature, 
 materials, workmanship and strength and the mode of arrange- 
 ment, connection, disconnection, alteration and repair of pipes, 
 meters, cocks, ferrules, valves, soil-pans, waterclosets, baths, cis- 
 terns and other apparatus (in this section referred to as " water- 
 fittings ") to be used, and forbid any arrangements and the use of 
 any water fittings which may allow or tend to waste, undue con- 
 sumption, misuse, erroneous measurement or contamination. 
 
 (2) Such by-laws shall apply only in the case of premises to- 
 which the corporation are bound to afford and do in fact afford 
 or are prepared on demand to afford a constant supply [(&) and 
 the provisions with respect to by-laws contained in sections 182 
 to 185 (1) of the Public Health Act 1875 shall apply to all by- 
 laws so made]. 
 
 (3) In case of failure of any person to observe such by-laws - 
 as are for the time being in force the corporation may if they 
 think fit after twenty-four hours' notice in writing enter and by 
 and under the direction of their duly authorised officer repair, 
 replace or alter any water fittings belonging to or used by such 
 person and not being in accordance with the requirements of 
 
 (&) The words in brackets are not required where clause 22 (on p. 999) 
 is inserted in the Bill. 
 
 (Z) To 186, in case of a district council or other authority, not being a 
 municipal corporation. In a company's Bill, sect. 185 must be varied so 
 as to provide that the by-laws shall be printed and hung up in the office,. 
 or an office, of the company within the limits of supply.
 
 MODEL WATER BILL. 
 
 :such by-laws, and the expense of every such repair, replacement 
 or alteration shall be recoverable by the corporation as the water 
 rates in respect of the premises are recoverable. 
 
 15. The corporation may supply water for other than domestic Supply by 
 purposes on such terms and conditions as the corporation think measure - 
 iit, and may supply water by measure either for domestic or other 
 purposes and the moneys payable for the supply of water under 
 
 this section shall be recoverable in the same manner as water 
 rates: Provided always that no person shall be entitled to a 
 supply of water for other than domestic purposes if such supply 
 would interfere with the sufficiency of the supply of water for 
 domestic purposes. 
 
 16. The corporation shall not be bound to supply with water Supply to 
 otherwise than by measure any building used by an occupier as a hou | es partly 
 dwelling-house whereof any part is used by the same occupier for trade, &c. 
 any trade or manufacturing purpose for which water is required. 
 
 17. The price to be charged for a supply of water by measure Price of 
 shall not exceed one, shilling per thousand gallons. measure. 7 
 
 18. The corporation may sell meters and any fittings con- Power to 
 jaected therewith upon and subject to such terms (pecuniary or 8I 
 otherwise) and conditions as they think fit. 
 
 19. Before any person connects or disconnects any meter by Notice to 
 means of which any of the water of the corporation is intended corporation 
 
 ot connecting 
 
 to be or has been registered he shall give not less than twenty- or disconnect- 
 four hours' notice in writing to the corporation of his intention m & m 
 to do so and all alterations or repairs and the connecting and 
 disconnecting of meters shall be done at his cost and under due 
 superintendence of any officer of or person authorised by the 
 corporation and any person offending against this enactment shall 
 for every such offence be liable to a penalty not exceeding forty 
 shillings. 
 
 20. Every person who wilfully, fraudulently or by culpable injuring 
 negligence injures or suffers to be injured any pipe, meter or meters &c - 
 other instrument for measuring water, or any fittings belonging. 
 
 to the corporation, or who fraudulently alters the index to any 
 meter or other instrument for measuring water, or prevents any 
 meter or other instrument for measuring water from duly regis- 
 tering the quantity of water supplied, or fraudulently abstracts, 
 consumes or uses water of the corporation, shall (without pre- 
 judice to any other right or remedy for the protection of the
 
 U7tt PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 corporation) be liable to a fine not exceeding five pounds and 
 the corporation may in addition thereto recover the amount of 
 any damage by them sustained. : 
 
 And in any case in which any person has wilfully, fraudu- 
 lentty or by culpable negligence injured or suffered to be injured 
 any pipe, meter, instrument or fittings belonging to the corpora- 
 tion or has fraudulently altered the index to any meter or other 
 instrument for measuring water or prevented the same from duly 
 registering the quantity of water supplied or has fraudulently 
 abstracted, consumed or used water of the corporation, the cor- 
 poration may also enter upon the premises occupied by the offender 
 and repair such injury and do all such works, matters and things 
 as may be necessary for insuring the proper registering by such 
 meter of the quantity of water supplied by means thereof, and 
 the expense of such repair and of all such works, matters and things 
 shall be repaid to the corporation by the person so offending and 
 may be recovered by them as water rates are recoverable: The 
 existence of artificial means for causing such injury, alteration 
 or prevention or for abstracting, consuming or using water of the 
 corporation when such pipe, meter, instrument or fittings is or 
 are under the custody or control of the consumer shall be prima 
 facie evidence that such injury, alteration, prevention, abstraction,, 
 consumption or use, as the case may be, has been fraudulently, 
 knowingly and wilfully caused by the consumer using such pipe, 
 meter, instrument or fittings. 
 
 wrapT* ^' (*) ^ ie corporation ma J if requested by any person sup- 
 
 fittings, plied or about to be supplied by them with water furnish to- 
 
 him and repair or alter but shall not manufacture any such pipes,. 
 valves, cocks, cisterns, baths, meters, soil-pans, waterclosets and 
 other fittings as are required or permitted by their regulations, 
 and may provide all materials and work necessary or proper in 
 that behalf and the reasonable charges of the corporation in pro- 
 viding such materials and executing such work shall be paid by 
 the person requiring the same. 
 
 (2) Any fittings let for hire under the provisions of this- 
 section shall not be subject to distress or to the landlord's remedy 
 for rent or be liable to be taken in execution under any process 
 of any court or any proceedings in bankruptcy against the persons 
 in whose possession the same may be: Provided that such fittings 
 have upon them respectively a distinguishing metal plate affixed
 
 MODEL WATER BILL. 977 
 
 to a conspicuous part thereof or a distinguishing brand or other 
 mark conspicuously impressed or made thereon sufficiently indi- 
 cating the corporation as the actual owners thereof. 
 Provided as follows: 
 
 (a) The corporation shall so adjust the charges to be made 
 
 by them for any such fittings or for the fixing, 
 repairing or removal thereof as to meet any expendi- 
 ture by them under the powers of this section in con- 
 nection therewith (including interest upon any moneys 
 borrowed for those purposes and all sums applied to 
 sinking fund for repayment of moneys so borrowed: 
 
 (b) Every sum charged by the corporation in respect of pro- 
 
 vision of such fittings or the repairing, fixing or 
 removal thereof shall be clearly stated in every demand 
 note delivered by the corporation to the consumer: 
 
 (c) The total sums expended and received by the corporation 
 
 in connection with the purposes in this section men- 
 tioned in each year (including interest and sinking 
 fund) shall be separately shown in the published 
 accounts of the water undertaking of the corporation 
 for such year. 
 
 22. The corporation may, on the application of the owner or Power to 
 occupier of any premises within the limits of this Act abutting J^te* 58 
 on or being erected in any street laid out but not dedicated to streets. 
 public use. supply those premises with water, and for that purpose 
 
 the Waterworks Clauses Acts 1847 and 1863 shall apply as if 
 the street were a street within the meaning of those Acts. 
 
 23. The corporation may enter into and carry into effect agree- Contracts for 
 ments with any local authority, company or persons for the supply 8u Pplyi n 
 of water beyond the limits of this Act to any such authority, com- 
 pany or persons respectively in bulk for any purpose and for 
 
 such remuneration and on such terms and conditions and for such 
 period as may be agreed upon. Provided that such supply shall 
 not be given except with the consent of any company or person 
 supplying water under Parliamentary authority within the area 
 to be supplied and of the local authority of the district comprising 
 that area, nor if and so long as such supply would interfere with, 
 the supply of water for domestic purposes within the limits of this 
 Act. Provided also that nothing in this section shall authorise 
 the corporation to lay any mains beyond the limits of this Act.
 
 978 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Power to local 24. If after the expiration of five years from the passing of 
 to supply &C ' this Act the corporation are not furnishing or prepared on demand 
 water in case to f urn i 8 h a sufficient supply of water in accordance with the 
 ' provisions of this Act throughout the district of any local autho- 
 rity within the limits of supply, the local authority of that district 
 may provide a supply in accordance with the provisions of the 
 Public Health Act 1875, or the local authority or any company, 
 body or person may apply for an Act of Parliament or Pro- 
 visional Order for the purpose of supplying water in any part 
 of such district not sufficiently supplied by the corporation and 
 for the repeal of the powers of the corporation in that behalf. 
 
 If any difference shall arise between the corporation and any 
 such local authority, company, body or person as to the sufficiency 
 of the supply of water in any part of such district such difference 
 shall be settled by an arbitrator to be appointed on the applica- 
 tion of either party by the (m) Local Government Board [Board 
 of Trade]. 
 
 6. PROTECTIVE CLAUSES for GOVERNMENT DEPART- 
 MENTS. 
 
 Crown rights. 1. Nothing in this Act affects prejudicially any estate, right, 
 power, privilege or exemption of the Crown. 
 
 [Where the Bill has any relation to shore or bed of the sea, 
 <&c., the following words should be added: ] 
 
 And in particular nothing herein contained authorises the com- 
 pany to take, use or in any manner interfere with any portion of 
 the shore or bed of the sea or of any river, channel, creek, bay or 
 estuary, or any land, hereditaments, subjects or rights of what- 
 soever description belonging to His Majesty in right of His Crown 
 and under the management of the Commissioners of Woods or of 
 the Board of Trade respectively without the consent in writing 
 of the Commissioners of Woods or the Board of Trade as the 
 case may be on behalf of His Majesty first had and obtained for 
 
 (m) The appointment is made by the Local Government Board where 
 the undertakers are a local authority; by the Board of Trade where they 
 are a company.
 
 PROTECTIVE CLAUSES. 979 
 
 ?that purpose (which consent the said Commissioners and Board 
 ,are hereby respectively authorised to give). 
 
 [Where the Bill has relation to property or rights of the 
 Crown, under the management of the Commissioners of 
 Woods, other than shore or bed of the sea, &c., the 
 following words should be substituted: ] 
 
 And in particular nothing herein contained authorises the company 
 to take, use or in any manner interfere with any land or hetre- 
 ditaments or any rights of whatsoever description belonging to 
 His Majesty in right of His Crown and under the management of 
 the Commissioners of Woods without the consent in writing 
 of the Commissioners of Woods on behalf of His Majesty first 
 had and obtained for that purpose (which consent the said Com- 
 missioners are hereby authorised to give). 
 
 2. Subject to the provisions of this Act any of the works autho- Works below 
 rised by this Act to be constructed on, over or under tidal lands ^ark tcTbe 
 below high-water mark of ordinary spring tides shall be con- subject to 
 structed only in accordance with such plans and sections and Board of 
 subject to such restrictions and regulations as previous to such Trade, 
 works being commenced have been approved by the Board of 
 
 Trade in writing under the hand of one of the Secretaries or 
 Assistant Secretaries of the Board of Trade. 
 
 Any alteration or extension of any such works shall be subject 
 to the like approval. 
 
 If any such work be commenced or completed contrary to the 
 provisions of this section the Board of Trade may abate and 
 remove the same and restore the site thereof to its former con- 
 dition at the cost of the company and the amount of such cost 
 shall bo a debt due from the company to the Crown and shall be 
 recoverable as a Crown debt or summarily. 
 
 3 . If at any time the Board of Trade deems it expedient for Survey of 
 the purposes of this Act to order a survey and examination of a Board of 
 work constructed by the company on, in, over, through or across Trade, 
 tidal lands or tidal water or of the intended site of any such 
 
 work, the company shall defray the expense of the survey and 
 examination and the amount thereof shall be a debt due from 
 the company to the Crown and be recoverable as a Crown debt 
 or summarily. 
 
 4. If a work constructed by the company on, in, over, through Abatement 
 
 of work
 
 980 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 abandoned 
 or decayed. 
 
 Aooesato 
 and from 
 shore, fee. 
 
 Lights on 
 works daring 
 construction. 
 
 Permanent 
 lights on 
 works. 
 
 Provision 
 against 
 danger to 
 navigation. 
 
 or across tidal lands or a tidal water is abandoned or suffered to- 
 fall into decay the Board of Trade may abate and remove the work 
 or any part of it and restore the site thereof to its former con- 
 dition at the expense of the company and the amount of such 
 expense shall be a debt due from the company to the Crown and be 
 recoverable as a Crown debt or summarily. 
 
 5. During the construction of the railway by this Act autho- 
 rised on or near the foreshore [describing it] and also at all times 
 after completion thereof the company shall make and permanently 
 maintain at their own expense and to the satisfaction of the 
 Board of Trade for the free use of the public such footways 
 iuul carriageways over, under or across the railway as the Board 
 of Trade may from time to time direct or approve and shall also 
 niiikc and permanently maintain at the like expense and to the 
 lik<- satisfaction on the seaward side of the embankments of the 
 railway such boat slips or other facilities for boats and for pas- 
 sengers landing therefrom or embarking thereon as the Board 
 of Trade may from time to time direct or approve. 
 
 6. The company shall at or near the works below high-water 
 mark hereby authorised during the whole time of the construct- 
 ing, altering or extending the same exhibit and keep burning at 
 their own expense every night from sunset to sunrise such lights 
 (if any) and take such other steps for the prevention of danger to 
 navigation as the Board of Trade from time to time require or 
 approve. If the company fail to comply in any respect with the 
 provisions of this section they shall for each day in which they so 
 fail be liable to a penalty not exceeding twenty pounds. 
 
 7. The company shall at the outer extremity of their works, 
 below high water exhibit and keep burning from sunset to sunrise 
 such lights (if any) and take such other steps for the prevention 
 of danger to navigation as the [General Light House Authority'] 
 shall from time to time direct. If the company fail to comply in 
 any respect with the provisions of this section they shall for each 
 day in which they so fail be liable to a penalty not exceeding 
 twenty pounds. 
 
 8. In case of injury to or destruction or decay of the pier 
 <>r works or any part thereof the company shall lay down such 
 buoys, exhibit, such lights or take such other means for preventing 
 so far as may be danger to navigation as shall from time to time- 
 be directed by the [General Light House Authority} and shall
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 981 
 
 apply to [tjiat authority] for directions as to the means to be taken, 
 and the company shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding ten 
 pounds for every calendar month during which they omit so to 
 apply or refuse or neglect to obey any direction given in reference 
 to the means to be taken. 
 
 9 . The company shall at all times keep at the outer extremity Life-buoy* 
 of the piers and at reasonable distances along such piers and in t 01 * 1 "'? 4 - 
 accordance with any requirements which may be made by the 
 
 Board of Trade a sufficient number of life-buoys and lines in good 
 order and fit and ready for use. 
 
 10. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act any Cables, pipes 
 cables, pipes or wires to be laid or placed by the company under or across* 
 or across any tidal water shall be laid or placed at such depth tidal waters, 
 under or such height over the tidal water as the Board of Trade 
 
 may require. 
 
 7. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 1. RECITAL OF ESTIMATES. 
 
 [Where by the Bill the exercise of the borrowing powers is 
 not made subject to the approval of a Government 
 Department, a recital to the folloiving effect is to be 
 inserted in the preamble.] 
 
 And whereas estimates have been prepared by the corporation 
 [council, commissioners] for the purchase of land for and the 
 execution of the various works by this Act authorised and such 
 estimates are as follows: 
 
 
 
 For waterworks ..... 
 
 For 
 
 For 
 
 And whereas the several works included in such estimates 
 respectively are permanent works and it is expedient that the 
 cost thereof should be spread over a term of years. 
 
 2. RECITAL UNDER BOROUGH FUNDS ACTS, 1872 AND 1903. 
 
 [When it is intended that the expense of promoting any Bill 
 shall be paid or charged: under the Borough Funds Acts,
 
 982 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 1872 and 1903, the Bill as introduced into Parliament 
 must contain recitals to the -following effect, the neces- 
 sary alterations being made ivhen the Bill is promoted 
 by a local authority other than a municipal corpora- 
 tion.'] 
 And whereas an absolute majority of the whole number of the 
 
 council at a meeting held on the day of after ten clear 
 
 days' notice by public advertisement of such meeting and of the 
 purpose thereof in the a local newspaper published and cir- 
 culating in the borough, such notice being in addition to the 
 ordinary notices required for summoning such meeting, resolved 
 that the expense in relation to promoting the Bill for this Act 
 should be charged on the borough fund and borough rate : 
 And whereas the said resolution was published twice in the 
 - a newspaper published and circulating in the borough and 
 has received the approval of the Local Government Board : 
 
 And whereas the propriety of the promotion of the Bill for 
 this Act was confirmed by an absolute majority of the whole 
 number of the council at a further special meeting held in pur- 
 suance of a similar notice on the day of being not less 
 
 than fourteen days after the deposit of the Bill in Parliament: 
 And whereas in relation to the promotion of the Bill for this 
 Act the requirements contained in the First Schedule to the 
 Borough Funds Act 1903 have been observed. 
 
 3. CONFIRMATION OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 (1) The agreement made the - - day of - - 1912 between 
 confirmed. the of the one part and the - - of the other part set forth 
 
 in the - - schedule to this Act is hereby confirmed and made 
 
 binding on the parties thereto. 
 
 [Where the agreement as confirmed differs from the agree- 
 ment made between the parties the confirmation clause 
 must be in the folloiving form.'] 
 
 (2) The terms of agreement set forth in the Schedule to this 
 Act are hereby confirmed and made binding upon [insert the 
 names of the parties'] as if the same were contained in an agree- 
 ment duly entered into by those parties and confirmed by Act 
 
 of Parliament and the agreement dated the day of j 
 
 and made between the same parties is hereby declared to be null
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 98$ 
 
 and void so far as the same differs from the terms of agreement 
 hereby confirmed. 
 
 [In every case the agreement must, in accordance with Stand- 
 
 ing Order 104, contain a clause to the folloiving effect.'] 
 
 This agreement is made subject to such alterations as Parlia-i 
 
 ment may think fit to make therein but in the event of either 
 
 House of Parliament making any material alteration therein 
 
 either party may withdraw from the agreement. 
 
 4. PRIORITY OF MORTGAGES. 
 
 (This clause is applicable in the case of nearly all Bills by which 
 money is authorised to be raised on the security of land or 
 works, except Railway Bills, in which it is unnecessary.} 
 All money [raised or] to be raised by the company on mort- Priority of 
 
 gage or debenture stock under the provisions of [any former Act 
 
 relating to the company or under] this Act shall have priority stock over 
 against the company and the property from time to time of the 
 company over all other claims on account of any debts incurred 
 or engagements entered into by them after the passing of this 
 Act : Provided always that this priority shall not affect any claim 
 against the company or their property in respect of any rent- 
 charge granted or to be granted by them in pursuance of the 
 Lands Clauses Acts, or in respect of any rent or sum reserved 
 by or payable under any lease granted or made to the company 
 which is entitled to rank in priority to or pari passu with the 
 interest on their mortgages or debenture stock [nor shall anything 
 in this section contained affect any claim for land taken, used 
 or occupied by the company for the purposes of the company's 
 undertaking and works or injuriously affected by the construc- 
 tion thereof or by the exercise of any powers conferred on the 
 company']. 
 
 [The last words in brackets may be omitted when there are 
 no compulsory powers to take or enter upon land.'} 
 
 5. As TO DIRECTORS OF COMPANIES. 
 
 1. Notwithstanding anything in the Companies Clauses Con- As to quail 
 solidation Act 1845 no person shall be disqualified from being directors. 
 a director of the company by reason of his holding any office
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Continuing 
 directors. 
 
 Notice of 
 candidature 
 for office of 
 director. 
 
 As to appoint- 
 ment <>f 
 managing 
 director. 
 
 or place of trust or profit under the company or by reason of 
 his being interested in any contract with the company nor shall 
 any director be required to cease from voting or acting as a 
 director by reason of his accepting any such office or place of 
 trust or profit or becoming interested in any such contract Pro- 
 vided that in the case of his being or becoming interested in any 
 contract with the company, whether such interest shall arise before 
 or after his appointment as a director, the nature of his interest 
 in the contract shall be disclosed by him at the meeting of the 
 directors at which the contract is determined on if his interest 
 then exists or in any other case at the first meeting of the directors 
 aft or the acquisition of his interest or after his appointment and 
 also in the next annual report of the company and that no director 
 shall as a director vote in respect of any such contract and if he 
 does so vote his vote shall not be counted, but this prohibition 
 .<hall not apply to any contract by or on behalf of the company 
 to give to the directors or any of them any security by way of 
 indemnity. 
 
 2. The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any 
 vacancy in their body but so that if at any time the number of 
 directors of the company holding office shall be less than the 
 minimum number prescribed by this Act the directors shall not 
 except for the purpose of filling vacancies and allotting shares to 
 any proposed director or directors act so long as the number 
 is below such minimum. 
 
 3. Except in the case of a director retiring by rotation and 
 oik-ring himself or being proposed for re-election no person shall 
 bo capable of being elected a director of the company in place 
 cither of a director retiring by rotation or of a director dying, 
 refusing to act or ceasing to be qualified or being disqualified 
 to act unless notice in writing that such parson intends to offer 
 himself or will be proposed for the office of director shall have 
 been given to the secretary of the company or left at the office 
 of the company fourteen days at least before the day of election. 
 
 4. (1) The directors of the company may appoint one or 
 more of their body to be managing director or managing directors 
 of the company either for a fixed term or without any limitation 
 as to time and may remove or dismiss him or them from office 
 and appoint another or others in his or their place or places. 
 
 (2) A managing director shall not while holding that office be
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 985 
 
 subject to retirement by rotation and shall not be taken into 
 account in determining the rotation of retirement of directors 
 but if he ceases to hold the office of director from any other 
 cause ho shall ipso facto immediately cease to be a managing 
 director. 
 
 (3) The remuneration of a managing director shall from time 
 to time be fixed by the directors and may be by way of salary 
 or commission or participation in profits or by any or all of 
 those modes. 
 
 (4) The directors may entrust to and confer upon any manag- 
 ing director such of the powers exerciseable by the directors and 
 subject to such conditions as they may think fit and may from 
 time to time revoke, withdraw, alter or vary all or some of such 
 powers. Provided that the directors shall be responsible for the 
 acts of any managing director acting under the powers of this 
 section. 
 
 6. COMPANY MEETINGS. 
 
 1. Notwithstanding anything in the Companies Clauses Con- Astoappoint- 
 solidation Act 1845 the attorney of any shareholder duly autho- Doxies, 
 rised in writing may appoint a proxy to vote for and on behalf 
 
 of the shareholder and for that purpose may execute on behalf 
 of the shareholder the necessary form of proxy. Provided that 
 the instrument appointing the attorney shall be transmitted to 
 the secretary of the company at the same time as the instru- 
 ment appointing the proxy. 
 
 2. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Companies Joint holders. 
 Clauses Consolidation Act 1845, where several persons are jointly 
 
 entitled to and registered as holders of any share, any one of 
 those persons may vote at any meeting either personally or by 
 proxy in respect of the share as if he were solely entitled thereto, 
 but if more than one of the joint holders be present at any meet- 
 ing personally or by proxy that one of the said persons so present 
 whose name stands first on the register in respect of the share 
 shall alone be entitled to vote in respect thereof. Several execu- 
 tors or administrators of a deceased member in whose name any 
 share stands shall for the purposes of this section be deemed 
 joint holders thereof.
 
 986 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 7. REMOVAL OF HUMAN REMAINS. 
 
 (1) If and when the () corporation shall acquire the burial 
 ground of - - they shall before applying or using any part 
 thereof for any of the purposes of this Act remove or cause to be 
 removed the remains of all deceased persons interred in the said 
 burial ground. 
 
 [(o) Provided that a Secretary of State on the application of 
 the corporation and on being satisfied that such removal is not 
 necessary or desirable may dispense with all or any of the require- 
 ments of this section on such conditions (if any} as lie thinks 
 /.] 
 
 (2) Before proceeding to remove any such remains the cor- 
 poration shall publish a notice for three successive days in two- 
 local newspapers circulating in the borough to the effect that it is 
 intended to remove such remains and such notice shall have em- 
 bodied in it the substance of sub-sections (3) (4) (5) (6) and (7) 
 of this section. 
 
 (3) Any time within two months after the first publication 
 of such notice any person who is an heir, executor, administrator 
 or relative of any deceased person whose remains are interred 
 in the said burial ground may give notice in writing to the 
 corporation of his intention to undertake the removal of such 
 remains, and thereupon he shall be at liberty [(p) without any 
 faculty for the purpose but subject as hereinafter mentioned to> 
 
 any regulations made by the Bishop of the diocese of ] to 
 
 cause such remains to be removed to and re-interred in any 
 [(p) consecrated] burial ground or cemetery in which burials may 
 legally take place. 
 
 (4) If any person giving such notice as aforesaid shall fail to 
 satisfy the corporation that he is such heir, executor, administrator 
 or relative as he claims to be the question shall be determined 
 on the application of either party in a summary manner by the- 
 
 (n) Or " company," or as the case may be. 
 
 (o) This proviso is to be added only in cases where the works to be 
 carried out are such as not to involve the disturbance of remains. 
 
 (p) In the case of a Nonconformist or Eoman Catholic burial ground 
 omit words in brackets. 

 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 987 
 
 registrar [(#) of the consistory court of the diocese of ], who 
 
 shall have power to make an order specifying who shall remove 
 the remains. 
 
 (5) The expense of such removal and re-interment (not exceed- 
 ing in respect of remains removed from any one grave the sum 
 of ten pounds) shall be defrayed by the corporation, such sum 
 to be apportioned if necessary equally according to the number of 
 remains in the grave. 
 
 (6) If within the aforesaid period of two months no such notice 
 as aforesaid shall have been given to the corporation in respect of 
 the remains in any grave or if after such notice has been given 
 the persons giving the same shall fail to comply with the pro- 
 visions of this section [(r) and with any regulation of the Bishop], 
 the corporation may [($) without any faculty for that purpose] 
 remove the remains of the deceased person and cause them to be 
 interred, in such other [(s) consecrated] burial ground or cemetery 
 in which burials may legally take place as the corporation think 
 suitable for the purpose [(s) subject to the consent of the Bishop]. 
 
 (7) All monuments and tombstones relating to the remains of 
 any deceased person removed under this section shall at the expense 
 of the corporation be removed and re-erected at the place of re- 
 interment of such remains or at such place within the borough as 
 the [Bishop ()] may direct 'on the application (if any) of such 
 heir, executor, administrator or relative as aforesaid or failing such 
 application on the application of the corporation. 
 
 (8) The removal of the remains of any deceased person under 
 this section shall be carried out under the supervision and to the 
 satisfaction of the medical officer of health of the borough. 
 
 8. SALE or PLANT OUTSIDE DISTRICT (WATER AND GAS). 
 
 If at any time after the passing of this Act any local authority 
 whose district is beyond the district of the council, but as to the 
 
 (q) In the case of a Nonconformist or Eoman Catholic burial ground, 
 substitute " of . . . County Court." 
 
 (r) In the case of a Nonconformist or Eoman Catholic burial, omit 
 words in brackets. 
 
 (s) In the case of a Nonconformist or Eoman Catholic burial ground, 
 omit words in brackets. 
 
 (t) In the case of a Nonconformist or Eoman Catholic burial ground, 
 substitute " the registrar of the . . . County Court." 
 
 B. VOL. II. 9
 
 988 PAKl.IAMKNTAKY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 whole or any part thereof within their limits for the supply of 
 water [gas], shall give not less than six months' notice in writing 
 to the council of their desire to purchase such portion of the water- 
 works [gasworks] and plant of the council as is contained within 
 the district of any such local authority, and shall obtain the 
 consent of the Local Government Board to such purchase, and shall 
 apply to Parliament or the Local Government Board for power to 
 purchase such portion of the waterworks [gasworks] and plant 
 of the council (except the reservoirs, mains and pipes or other 
 apparatus which shall be necessary for supplying with water [gas] 
 any other part of the limits of the council for the supply of water 
 [gas]) and to supply water [gas] within such district, then it shall 
 not be lawful for the council to oppose such application (except as 
 to the details thereof), and if such powers of purchase and supply 
 bo granted, the council shall sell and such local authority shall 
 purchase the portion of the waterworks [gasworks] and plant of 
 the council (except as aforesaid) within the district of such local 
 authority at such price being a sum in gross and upon such terms 
 and conditions as shall be fixed in default of agreement by arbi- 
 tration under the provisions of the Lands Clauses Acts. Any 
 such purchase shall be deemed to be a purpose of the Public 
 Health Act 1875 except so far as may be otherwise provided 
 for by Parliament. The council shall apply the proceeds of cut if 
 wle under this section in the sam<e manner as they are required to 
 apply money received from sales of land under this Act. Provided 
 that after the completion of such purchase all obligations on the 
 part of the council to supply water [gas] within the district of 
 the purchasing authority shall cease and determine. 
 
 9. TRANSFER OF COMPANY'S UNDERTAKING TO A LOCAL 
 AUTHORITY (SAVING). 
 
 Saving clause. Nothing in this Act contained shall be deemed to transfer 
 any powers that may be vested in the company under the - 
 Act [or memorandum or articles of association] with reference to 
 the manufacture of any (u) carriages, trucks, harness, engines, 
 machinery, apparatus, steam, cable, electric or other plant, 
 
 () For variations in case of gasworks, see p. 965; waterworks, p, 976; 
 electrical undertakings, next clause.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 989 
 
 appliances and conveniences required for the working or user of 
 the tramways. 
 
 10. ELECTRICAL FITTINGS (LOCAL AUTHORITY). 
 
 (1) The corporation may subject to the provisions of this section Electrical 
 sell, let for hire and lix, repair and remove but shall not manufac- fittln 8 - 
 ture lamps, meters, electric lines, fuses, switches, lampholders, 
 -motors .and other electrical fittings for lighting, motive or other 
 purposes and may provide all materials and work necessary or 
 proper in that behalf and with respect thereto may make such 
 charges and subject to such terms and conditions as may be agreed 
 
 upon. 
 
 (2) The corporation shall not themselves execute the wiring 
 of private property except between the main of the corporation and 
 the consumer's meter but they may enter into contracts for the 
 execution of any of the powers of this section, including the wiring 
 of private property, provided that the contractor acts independently 
 of the corporation in the execution of the contract. The corpora- 
 tion shall not sell any such electrical fittings except through 
 & contractor carrying on his business independently of the 
 corporation. 
 
 (3) Any electrical fittings let for hire under the provisions of 
 this section shall not be subject to distress or to the landlord'.s 
 remedy for rent or liable to be taken in execution u rider process 
 of law or proceedings in bankruptcy against the person in whose 
 possession the same may be : Provided that such fittings are marked 
 or impressed with a sufficient mark or brand indicating the cor- 
 poration as the actual owners thereof. 
 
 (4) Provided as follows: 
 
 (a) The corporation shall so adjust the charges to be made 
 
 by them for any such fittings or for the fixing, repair- 
 ing or removal thereof as to meet the sum properly 
 chargeable for the costs and expenses incurred by them 
 under the powers of this section in connection there- 
 with (including interest upon moneys borrowed for 
 those purposes and all sums applied to sinking fund 
 for repayment of moneys so borrowed). 
 
 (b) The sums properly chargeable and received by the cor- 
 
 poration in connection with the purposes in this section 
 mentioned in each year (including interest and sinking 
 9 f
 
 990 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 fund) shall be separately shown in the published 
 accounts of the electricity undertaking of the cor- 
 poration for that year. 
 
 (c) Every sum charged by the corpomtion to a consumer 
 in respect of the provision of such fittings or the fixing, 
 repairing or removal thereof shall be separately stated 
 on every demand note delivered by the corporation 
 to the consumer. 
 
 Power to 
 provide and 
 run motor 
 omnibusex. 
 
 11. MOTOR OMNIBUSES (LOCAL AUTHOEITY). 
 
 (1) The corporation may provide (but shall not manufacture) 
 motor omnibuses and may run the same within the borough, de- 
 manding and taking such reasonable fares and charges for the 
 conveyance of passengers therein as may be approved by the Board 
 of Trade. 
 
 (2) The corporation may purchase by agreement, take on lease 
 and hold lands and buildings and may erect on any lands acquired 
 by them omnibus carriage and motor houses, buildings and sheds 
 and may provide such plant, appliances and conveniences as may 
 be requisite or expedient for the establishment, running and equip- 
 ment of such motor omnibuses; but the corporation shall not 
 create or permit any nuisance on any such lands . 
 
 (3) The corporation may make by-laws for regulating the 
 travelling and for the prevention of nuisances in their motor 
 omnibuses: Provided that any such by-law shall be made subject 
 and according to 'the provisions of the Tramways Act 1870 with 
 respect to the making of by-laws. 
 
 (4) Every motor omnibus moved by electrical power shall be 
 so equipped and worked as to prevent any interference with tele- 
 graphic communication by means of any telegraphs of the Post- 
 master-General. 
 
 (5) All provisions of the Conveyance of Mails Act 1893 relating 
 to the conveyance of mails on tramways shall apply and have 
 effect in relation to the motor omnibuses provided under this 
 section as if such omnibuses wore carriages on tramways authorised 
 after the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and 
 ninety-three. 
 
 (6) In this section the expression " motor omnibuses " moans 
 any stag? carriage moved by mechanical power including in that
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 991 
 
 expression steam, electrical and every other motive power not being 
 animal power. 
 
 12. MOTOR OMNIBUSES (RAILWAY COMPANY). 
 
 Where the company work or use any motor omnibuses on Conveyance 
 regular or periodical services in connection with or in extension motor 1 omm- 
 of their railway system the following provisions shall apply (that buses - 
 is to say): 
 
 (1) The company shall convey by any such omnibus all such 
 mails (with the officers of the Post Office in charge thereof) as 
 may be tendered by the Postmaster-General for conveyance by 
 such omnibus and shall receive and deliver such mails from or 
 to any Post Office or officer of the Post Office on the route of such 
 omnibus: 
 
 Provided as follows: 
 
 (a) If the omnibus is intended to convey passengers only 
 
 without luggage the company shall not be bound to 
 convey Post Office parcels; 
 
 (b) If the omnibus is intended to convey passengers and 
 
 their luggage but 'not goods or parcels the company 
 shall not be bound to convey Post Office parcels which 
 in the aggregate exceed the limits of weight or size 
 from time to time prescribed by the company for 
 the luggage of an ordinary passenger; 
 
 (c) If the omnibus is intended to convey passengers and their 
 
 luggage and parcels but not goods the company shall 
 not be bound to convey Post Office parcels exceeding 
 in the aggregate such limits of weight and size as may 
 be agreed between the company and the Postmaster- 
 General or in default of agreement settled by arbi- 
 tration ; 
 
 (d) Except where the omnibus is in charge of a guard (other 
 
 than the driver) and except in the case of an omnibus 
 carrying goods the company shall not be bound to 
 convey any mails unless they are in charge of an 
 officer of the Post Office: 
 
 (2) The remuneration for any services performed in pursuance 
 of this section shall be such as may be from time to time deter- 
 mined by agreement between the Postmaster-General and the
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 As to 
 jreneratinv' 
 
 company or in default of agreement by the Railway and Canal 
 Commission and any question to be settled by arbitration under 
 this section shall be determined by the said Commission, who in 
 all proceedings relating to any matter of difference referred to- 
 them under this section shall have the same powers as if it had 
 been a matter referred to them in pursuance of the Railway and 
 Canal Traffic Act's 1873 and 1888 or any Act amending the 
 same: 
 
 (3) The expression "motor omnibus" means any carriage 
 running -on a road moved by steam, electrical or other mechanical 
 power, the expression " mails " has the same meaning as in the 
 Regulation of Railways Act 1873 and the expression " Post Office 
 parcel" means a 'parcel as defined by the Post Office (Parcels) 
 Act 1882. 
 
 13. GENERATING STATIONS- (a?)-- 
 
 The company shall not erect any generating station or take 
 a supply of energy from any generating station unless the site 
 for such generating station is specified in an Act of Parliament or 
 in an Order confirmed by or having the effect of an Act of 
 Parliament. Provided always that this section shall not apply to 
 any sub-station for the transformation and distribution of elec- 
 trical power. 
 
 Accommoda- 
 tion for work- 
 men employed 
 on construc- 
 tion i if works. 
 
 14. ACCOMMODATION OF WORKMEN EMPLOYED ON AUTHORISED 
 
 WORKS (/) . 
 
 (1) The 'Board shall erect, fit up and maintain or provide: 
 
 (a) Such huts or buildings for the accommodation of the 
 
 workmen emploj^ed in and about the construction of 
 the works authorised by this Act: 
 
 (b) Such hospital accommodation for the treatment of cases 
 
 of sickness or accident among such workmen, in- 
 cluding accommodation for dealing with infectious 
 diseases. 
 
 (x) See also Electric Lighting Act, 1909, c. 34, s. 2. 
 
 (y) In pursuance of H. L. Standing Order lllA (H. 0. 184A), a clause 
 in this form may be required by the committee where the works authorised 
 are outside the county of London or any municipal borough.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 99$ 
 
 as shall be reasonably necessary having regard to the accommo- 
 dation available in the neighbourhood of or conveniently accessible 
 from the said works, and shall provide and maintain proper and 
 sufficient sanitary accommodation in connexion with every such 
 building and hospital. 
 
 (2) The Board shall pay all reasonable costs and expenses in- 
 curred in respect of the medical and surgical treatment of any 
 workman employed on the construction of the said works who is 
 treated in any hospital accommodation provided by them, except 
 in so far as such costs and expenses are payable under the pro- 
 visions of the National Insurance Act 1911, or otherwise. 
 
 (3) The Medical Officer of Health of the County Council [and 
 the Medical Officer of Health and Inspector of Nuisances of the 
 
 District Council of ] shall be entitled at any time to enter 
 
 into and inspect and examine any accommodation afforded under 
 this section in order to ascertain whether overcrowding exists 
 therein, and whether proper and sufficient sanitary arrangements 
 arc provided. 
 
 (4) The Board shall give [every] such officer all facilities and 
 information which he requires for the purpose of the performance 
 of his duties, including the right to enter upon the said works, 
 and any person obstructing such officer in the performance of his 
 duty under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to 
 a fine not exceeding forty shillings. 
 
 (5) If at any 'time it appears to the County Council that the 
 Board have failed to afford or maintain accommodation in accor- 
 dance with sub-section (1) of this section the Board shall afford 
 and maintain such accommodation as the County Council may 
 require. Provided that if within fourteen days after the receipt of 
 notice of any requirement of the County Council under this sub- 
 section the Board give notice to the County Council that they 
 dispute the reasonableness of any such requirement, the difference 
 shall be determined by the Local Government ^Board on the ap- 
 plication of either of the parties to the difference, and the Local 
 Government Board may make such requirements (if any) in 
 variation of the requirements of the County Council as they may 
 think fit. 
 
 (6) If the Board fail to afford and maintain accommodation 
 in accordance with the provisions of this section they shall be '
 
 1*94 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 liable on summary conviction to a penalty not exceeding twenty 
 pounds and to a further daily penalty not exceeding five pounds 
 for every day on which the offence is continued after conviction 
 and such penalties may be recovered by the County Council. 
 
 (7) Any expenses incurred by the County Council in carrying 
 out the provisions of this section shall be repaid to the County 
 Council by the Board and shall be recoverable as a debt due 
 from the Board to the County Council. 
 
 (8) The Board shall pay to the Local Government Board any 
 expenses incurred by that Board under this section, including a 
 sum not exceeding three guineas a day for the services of any in- 
 spector in connexion with any local inquiry or investigation which 
 they may consider necessary in the exercise of their powers under 
 sub-section (5) of this section and the expenses of any witnesses 
 summoned by the inspector. 
 
 15. STATUTORY BORROWING POWER (DEFINITION). 
 
 " Statutory borrowing power " means any power, whether or 
 not coupled with a duty, of borrowing or continuing on loan or 
 re-borrowing money or of redeeming or paying off or creating or 
 continuing payment of or in respect of any annuity, rentcharge, 
 rent or other security representing or granted in lieu of considera- 
 tion money for the time being existing under any Act of 
 Parliament, public or local, passed or to be passed or under any 
 Provisional Order confirmed by Act of Parliament passed or to 
 be passed or under any order or sanction of any Government 
 Department made or given or to be made or given by authority of 
 any Act of Parliament passed or to be passed. 
 
 16. STATUTORY SECURITY (DEFINITION). 
 
 "Statutory security" means any security in which trustees 
 are for the time being by or under any Act of Parliament passed 
 or to be passed authorised to invest trust money and any mortgage, 
 bond, debenture, debenture stock, stock or other security authorised 
 by or under any Act of Parliament passed or to be passed of any 
 county council or municipal corporation or other local authority 
 as defined by sect. 34 of the Local Loans Act 1875 but does not 
 include annuities, rentcharges or securities transferable by delivery 
 or any securities of the corporation.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 995 
 
 17. POWER TO RE-BORROW (LOCAL AUTHORITY) (2). 
 
 (1) The corporation shall have power 
 
 (a) to borrow foi % the purpose of paying off any moneys 
 
 previously borrowed under this Act [any statutory 
 borrowing power] which are intended to be forth- 
 with repaid; or 
 
 (b) to borrow in order to replace moneys which during the 
 
 previous twelve months have been'temporarily applied 
 from other funds of the corporaticm in repaying 
 moneys previously borrowed under this Act [any 
 statutory borrowing power] and which at the time of 
 such repayment it was intended to replace by borrowed 
 moneys. 
 
 (2) Any .moneys borrowed under this section shall for the 
 purposes of repayment be deemed to form part of the original 
 loan and shall be repaid within that portion of the prescribed 
 period [period prescribed for the repayment of that loan] which 
 remains imexpired, and the provisions which are for the time 
 being applicable to the original loan shall apply to the moneys 
 borrowed under this section. 
 
 (3) The corporation shall not have power to borrow for the 
 purpose of making any payment to a sinking fund or of paying 
 any instalment or making any annual payment which has or may 
 become due in respect of borrowed moneys. 
 
 (4) The corporation shall not have power to borrow in order 
 to replace any moneys previously borrowed which have been 
 repaid 
 
 (a) by instalments or annual payments; or 
 
 (b) by means of a sinking fund; or 
 
 (o) out of moneys derived from the sale of land ; or 
 
 (d) out of any capital moneys properly applicable to the purpose 
 
 of the repayment other tha'n moneys borrowed for that 
 
 purpose. 
 
 Power to 
 
 re-borrow. 
 
 (z) The words in italics may be substituted where the clause is intended 
 to apply to loans under any other statutory borrowing power as well as 
 to loans authorised by the Bill.
 
 996 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 Return to 
 Local 
 
 Goyernmeiit 
 Board aa to 
 repayment 
 of debt. 
 
 18. RETURN TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD WITH RESPECT TO- 
 REPAYMENT OF DEBT. 
 
 [A clause to the following effect is to be inserted in all Bills 
 by which any local authority is authorised to borrow 
 money and provision is made for repayment of debt.] 
 
 (1) The town clerk shall, within twenty -one days after the 
 thirty-first day of March in each year, if during the twelve months 
 next preceding the said thirty-first day of March any sum is. 
 required to be paid as an instalment or annual payment or to be 
 appropriated or to be paid to a sinking fund in pursuance of the 
 provisions of this Act or in respect of any money raised thereunder, 
 and at any other time when the Local Government Board may 
 require such a return to be made, transmit to the Local Government 
 Board a return in such form as may be prescribed by that Board,, 
 and if required by that Board, verified by statutory declaration of 
 the town clerk, showing for the year next preceding the making 
 of such return or for such other period as the Board may prescribe 
 the amounts which have been paid as instalments or annual pay- 
 ments, and the amounts which have been appropriated, and the 
 amounts which have been paid to or invested or applied for the- 
 purpose of the sinking fund, and the description of the securities 
 upon which any investment has been made, and the purposes to 
 which any portion of the sinking fund or investment or of the 
 sums accumulated by way of compound interest has been applied 
 during the same period, and the total amount (if any) remaining 
 invested at the end of the year; and in the event of his failing to 
 make such return the town clerk shall for each offence be liable 
 to a penalty not exceeding twenty pounds to be recovered by action 
 OIL behalf of the Crown in the High Court, and notwithstanding the 
 recovery of such penalty the making of the return shall be en- 
 forceable by writ of mandamus to be obtained by the Local 
 Government Board out of the High Court. 
 
 (2) If it appears to the Local Government Board by that return 
 or otherwise that the corporation have failed to pay any instalment 
 or annual payment required to be paid or to appropriate any sum 
 required to be appropriated or to set apart any sum required for 
 any sinking fund (whether such instalment or annual payment 
 or sum is required by this Act or by the Local Government Board
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 iii virtue thereof to be paid, appropriated or set apart), or have 
 applied any portion of : a"ny sinking fund to any purpose other than 
 t hose authorised, the Local Government Board may by order direct 
 that the sum in such order mentioned not exceeding 1 double the 
 amount in respect of which default has been made shall be paid or 
 applied as in such order mentioned, and any such order shall be 
 enforceable by writ of mandamus to be obtained by the Local 
 Government Board out of the High Court. 
 
 19. AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS. 
 (1 ) Of borough under special Act (a) . 
 
 The provisions of the Municipal Corporations Acts relating to Audit of 
 the keeping and auditing of accounts and the accounts kept of sums 
 of money received and paid under those Acts shall extend to the 
 keeping and auditing of accounts and to the accounts kept of sums 
 of money received and paid under this Act. 
 
 (2) Of borough by District Auditors (a) . 
 
 (1) From and after the day of - sects. 25, 26 and 27 of Audit of 
 the Municipal Corporations Act 1882 and sect. 246 of the account " 
 Public Health Act 1875 shall cease to apply to any accounts of 
 the corporation or of the treasurer of the borough or of the officers 
 of the corporation and all accounts of the corporation and of the 
 treasurer and the officers of the corporation under any public 
 or private Act of Parliament or otherwise relating to matters 
 dealt with by the corporation in any capacity and including the 
 accounts of any joint committee and of the officers of any joint 
 
 (a) Many municipal corporations under statutory powers, and others 
 without special powers, employ professional accountants in addition to 
 the auditors appointed under the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882. The 
 accounts of the following corporations are audited by the district auditors 
 of the Local Government Board: Tunbridge Wells (1890), Bournemouth 
 (1892), Southend-on-Sea (1895), Plymouth (1904), Swindon (1904), 
 Merthyr Tydvil (1905), Cheltenham (1905), Poole (1905), Chelmsford 
 (1907), Monmouth (1908), East Ham (1908), Margate (1908), Shrews- 
 bury (1909), Southampton (1910), Hastings (1911), Warrington (1911), 
 Lancaster (1911), Christchurch (1911), Newcastle-under-Lyme (1912), 
 Barnsley (1912). The corporation of Folkestone, by their Act of 1901, 
 have power to adopt audit by a district auditor on resolution of the council .
 
 998 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 committee appointed by the corporation with the council of any 
 county borough or district or any parish council shall be audited 
 by a district auditor appointed by the Local Government Board 
 in like manner as accounts of an urban authority and their officers 
 are audited under sects. 247 and 250 of the Public Health Act 
 1875, and those sections and all enactments amending them or 
 applying to audit by district auditors, including the enactments 
 imposing penalties and providing for the recovery of sums as well 
 as all enactments relating to matters incidental to or consequential 
 upon any such accounts or audit, shall apply in like manner as if 
 so far as they relate to an audit of the accounts of an urban 
 authority and the officers of that authority they were herein re- 
 enacted with the necessary modifications, and accordingly all 
 burgesses of the borough and all ratepayers and owners of property 
 in the borough shall have the like rights and there shall be t!he 
 same appeal as in the case of that audit: Provided that for the 
 purposes of this section the First Schedule to the District Auditors 
 Act 1897 shall be modified in the manner described in the Second 
 Schedule to the Local Government Act 1888. 
 
 (2) Nothing in sub-section (1} of this section shall apply to 
 the audit of the accounts of the corporation for the financial year 
 ending the 31st day of March 19 . 
 
 (3) The corporation may out of the borough fund 
 
 (a) Pay reasonable subscriptions whethar annually or other- 
 
 wise to the funds of any association of municipal 
 corporations or other local authorities or their officers 
 formed for the purpose of consultation as to their 
 common interests and the discussion of matters re- 
 lating to local government and any reasonable ex- 
 penses of the attendance of any members or officers 
 of the corporation not exceeding in any case jour at 
 conferences or meetings of the said associations or 
 any of them and of purchasing reports of the pro- 
 ceedings of any such conferences or meetings; and 
 
 (b) Pay the reasonable expenses of the corporation in pro- 
 
 viding public entertainments on the occasion of public 
 ceremony or rejoicing and in the reception and enter- 
 tainment of distinguished persons residing in or 
 visiting the borough.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 999 
 
 (3) Of Joint Board. 
 
 The provisions of sect. 58 of the Local Government Act 1894 Audit of 
 shall apply to the accounts of the Board and of their committees 
 and officers and to the audit thereof. And the accounts of the 
 Board shall be made up yearly to the thirty -first day of March in 
 each year. 
 
 20. APPEAL TO QUARTER SESSIONS. 
 
 Any person deeming himself aggrieved by any order, judgment, As to appeal, 
 determination or requirement or the withholding of any certificate, 
 licence or consent or approval of or by the corporation or of or by 
 any officer or valuer of the corporation or by any conviction or 
 order by a court of summary jurisdiction under any provision of 
 this Act may appeal to the next practicable court of quarter 
 sessions under and ac'cording to the provisions of the Summary 
 Jurisdiction Acts. 
 
 21. AUTHENTICATION AND SERVICE OF NOTICES. 
 
 (1) Where any notice or demand under this Act [or under any As to notice?. 
 local 'Act, Provisional Order or by-law for the time being in force 
 
 within the Borough] requires authentication by the corporation, 
 the signature of the town clerk or other duly authorised officer of 
 the corporation shall be sufficient authentication. 
 
 (2) Notices, demands, orders and other documents required or 
 authorised to be served under this Act [or under any local Act, 
 Provisional Order or by-law for the time being in force within 
 the borough] may be served in the same manner as notices under 
 the Public Health Act 1875 are by sect. 267 of that Act authorised 
 to be served: Provided that in the case of any company any such 
 notice, demand, order or document shall be delivered or sent by 
 post addressed to the secretary of the company at their principal 
 office or place of business. 
 
 22. CONFIRMATION OF ;BY-LAWS. 
 
 The provisions of sects. 182 to (b) 185 of the Public Health Confirmation 
 Act 1875 so far as they relate to by-laws made by an urban ofb 7- laws - 
 
 (6) Sect. 186 should be substituted where the local authority is not a 
 municipal corporation.
 
 Recovery of 
 penalties. 
 
 PAKLIAMBNTAHY DOCUMENTS. 
 
 sanitary authority shall apply to all by-laws made by the cor- 
 jwration under the powers of this Act [except by-laws to which 
 the provisions of soct. 23 of the Municipal Corporations Act 1882 
 are applied by this Act]: [Provided that as respects by-laws nm<K> 
 under the section of this Act whereof the marginal note is - - the 
 Secretary of State (Board of Trade} shall be substituted for I he 
 Local Government Board.] , 
 
 23. EECOVERY OF PENALTIES. 
 
 Save as otherwise by this Act expressly provided all offences 
 ugainst this Act and all penalties, forfeitures, costs and expenses 
 imposed or recoverable under this Act or any by-law made in 
 pursuance thereof may be prosecuted and recovered in a summary 
 manner: Provided that costs or expenses except such as are re- 
 coverable along with a penalty shall not be recovered as penalties 
 but may be recovered summarily as civil debts. 
 
 24. RECOVERY OF DEMANDS. 
 
 Proceedings for the recovery of any demand made under the 
 authority of this Act [or the former Acts] or any incorporated 
 enactment, whether provision is or is not made for the recovery in 
 any specified court or manner, may be taken in any county court 
 having otherwise jurisdiction in the matter, provided that the 
 demand does not exceed the amount recoverable in that court in a 
 personal action. 
 
 25. ARBITRATION. 
 
 Application of Where under this Act any question or dispute is to be referred 
 
 Act, 1 1889 n to an arbitrator or to arbitration, other than questions or disputes 
 
 to which the provisions of the Lands Clauses Acts apply, then 
 
 unless other provision is made the reference shall be subject to 
 
 the provisions of the Arbitration Act 1889. 
 
 _Rt- overy of 
 demands. 
 
 Ctmtoof 
 arbitration in 
 i ortain cases. 
 
 26. COSTS OF ARBITRATION UNDER LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 
 
 The tribunal to whom any question of disputed purchase money 
 or compensation under the Act is referred shall if so required by 
 the corporation award and declare whether a statement in writing 
 of the amount of compensation claimed has been delivered to
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 1001 
 
 the corporation by the claimant giving sufficient particulars and 
 in sufficient time to enable the corporation to make a proper 
 offer and if the tribunal shall be of opinion that no such state- 
 ment giving sufficient particulars and in sufficient time shall have 
 been delivered and that the corporation has been prejudiced 
 thereby the tribunal shall have power to decide whether the 
 claimant's costs or any part thereof shall be borne by the claimant: 
 
 Provided that it shall be lawful for any judge of the High 
 Court to permit any claimant after seven days' notice to the 
 corporation to amend the statement in writing of the claim de- 
 livered by him to the corporation in case of discovery of any error 
 or mistake therein or for any other reasonable cause, such error, 
 mistake or cause to be established to the satisfaction of the judge 
 after hearing the corporation if they object to the amendment and 
 such amendment shall be subject to such terms enabling the cor- 
 poration to investigate the amended claim and to make an offer de 
 novo and as to postponing the hearing of the claim and as to costs 
 of the enquiry and otherwise as to such judge may seem just and 
 proper under all the circumstances of the case: 
 
 Provided also that this section shall be applicable only in cases 
 where the notice to treat under the Lands Clauses Consolidation 
 Act 1845 either contained or was endorsed' with a notice of the 
 effect of this section. 
 
 27. JUDGES NOT DISQUALIFIED. 
 
 A judge of any cou,rt or a justice shall not be disqualified from Judges not 
 .noting in the execution of this Act by reason of his being liable dl8( i ual1 
 to any rate. 
 
 28. COPY OF ACT TO BE REGISTERED. 
 (a) In Company's Bill. 
 
 The company shall deliver to the Registrar of Joint Stock Copy of Act 
 Companies a printed copy of this Act and he shall retain and 
 register the same and if such copy is not so delivered within three 
 months from the passing of this Act the company shall incur a 
 penalty not exceeding two pounds for every day after the ex- 
 piration of those three months during which the default con- 
 tinues and any director or manager of the company who knowingly
 
 1002 PATENTS. 
 
 and wilfully authorises such default shall incur the like penalty. 
 Every penalty under this section shall be recoverable summarily. 
 There shall be paid to the Registrar by the company on such 
 copy being registered the like fee as is for the time being payable 
 under the Companies (Consolidation) Act 1908 on registration 
 of any document other than the memorandum or the abstract 
 required to be filed with the Registrar by a receiver or manager 
 or the statement required to be sent to the Registrar by the liqui- 
 dator in a winding-up in England. 
 
 (6) In Bill of Local Authority. 
 
 The council shall forward to the Registrar of Joint Stock Com- 
 panies a printed copy of this Act and it shall be recorded by him 
 and if such copy is not forwarded within three months from the 
 passing of this Act the council shall incur a penalty not exceeding 
 two pounds for every day after the expiration of those three 
 months during which the copy is omitted to be forwarded and 
 every penalty shall be recovered summarily. 
 
 There shall be paid to the registrar by the council on such 
 copy being registered the like fee as is for the time being pay- 
 able under the Companies (Consolidation) Act 1908 on registration 
 of any document other than a Memorandum of Association. 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 1. AGREEMENT for LOAN by INSTALMENTS to enable IN- 
 VENTOR to TAKE OUT the PATENT and WORK the INVEN- 
 TION PROVISIONAL PROTECTION [or ACCEPTANCE of 
 Complete Specification] already obtained PRELIMINARY 
 TRIAL of Invention Option to make Advances Patent 
 to be taken out in JOINT NAMES and MORTGAGED to 
 Lender INTEREST half-yearly AT FIXED RATE, and ALSO- 
 ACCORDING TO PROFITS TERM CERTAIN. 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made the - - day of , 19, BETWEEN 
 
 A. B., of, &c., of the one part, and C. D., of, &c., of the other
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1000 
 
 part: WHEREAS the said A. B. as inventor of a new and improved Jtecitah. 
 process, &c. [title of invention] made his application for letters Application- 
 
 patent on the day of last and has obtained provisional ^ovfsionai 
 
 protection (a) : AND WHEREAS the said A. B. has requested the protection [or 
 said C. D. to lend him the sum of - to enable him to obtain complete^- 
 the patent for and establish himself at - - in the business of *Pfication}. 
 working the said invention: NOW IT IS AGREED AND S'C* 
 DECLARED as follows: 
 
 1. The said A. B. shall at his own expense in the presence of Trial of 
 the said C. D. and any agent of his make trial of the said inven- invention, 
 tion and manufacture according thereto some good specimens (6) 
 
 of , and shall give to them respectively all necessary explana- 
 tion of the process and details of such manufacture, and the mode 
 of application of the said invention, so as to enable them respec- 
 tively to form an opinion as to the utility and value thereof, but 
 neither the said C. D. nor his agent shall, except for any of 
 the purposes hereof, hereafter make use of the invention [or com- 
 municate the secret thereof to any person or persons (c)] without 
 the written consent of the said A. B. 
 
 2. If the said invention shall not be tried as aforesaid within Option after 
 calendar months from the date hereof, or if within advances"* 1 "* 
 
 weeks after such trial the said C. D. shall not give notice in 
 writing to the said A. B. of his intention to make any advances 
 in the terms of this agreement, the same shall at the end of such 
 period absolutely determine (d}. 
 
 3. If the said C. D. shall give such notice as aforesaid he shall If C. p. 
 advance the said sum of by instalments (e), namely 
 
 (a) Or say, if the case, 
 
 "has obtained the acceptance of a complete specification." 
 As to provisional protection, and the patent rights obtained on the accept- 
 ance of the complete specification, see sects. 4 and 10 of the Act of 1907. 
 
 (&) Or, 
 " a quantity not exceeding Ibs.," or &c. 
 
 (c) If the complete specification has been accepted, omit the words 
 in brackets. , 
 
 (d} Until C. D. has advanced any money the parties will be under no 
 binding agreement, and each can withdraw at any time before the period 
 fixed for the first advance. The first two clauses are, therefore, only 
 preliminary to the agreement proper. 
 
 (e) In case the complete specification has been accepted at the date of 
 
 B.-^VOL. n. 10
 
 1004 PATENTS. 
 
 made to when he shall be satisfied that the said A. B. has prepared the 
 
 obtain patent. completo specification of the said invention (/), and a further sum 
 of - within - - days after the acceptance of the complete 
 specification shall have been duly notified to the said C. D. from 
 the patent office in respect of the joint application for the patent 
 as hereinafter provided to be made, and the balance of the said 
 sum of - upon the execution of the mortgage hereinafter 
 mentioned. 
 
 4. As soon as the said C. D. shall have advanced the said A. B. 
 o-applicant the said sum of -- , whether he shall have given such notice as 
 aforesaid or not, he shall be entitled to be made an applicant for 
 the grant of the patent for the United Kingdom and the Isle of 
 Man jointly with the said A. B., who shall procure the amend- 
 ment of his application in this respect accordingly. 
 
 Joint grant of 5 After the said application shall have been amended as afore- 
 obtained and said, the said patent shall with all due speed and at the expense of 
 
 ' ^' ^ e obtained in the joint names of the said parties, 
 and immediately after the grant thereof, the said A. B. shall at his 
 own expense execute a mortgage thereof or of all his interest 
 therein so that thereby the entirety thereof shall be vested in the 
 said C. D., to secure the repayment of all advances here under, 
 together with interest as hereinafter provided and so that on re- 
 demption the entirety of the said patent shall be assigned to the 
 MI id A. B. (g). 
 
 tho agreement, it may be suitable to substitute the following clause in lieu 
 of clauses 3 and 4: 
 
 " If the said C. D. shall give such notice as aforesaid he shall 
 
 jidvancc the said sum of in two instalments, namely, the 
 
 sum of - on the said A. B. making him a co-applicant for 
 
 the grant of the patent and the sum of upon the execution 
 
 of the mortgage hereinafter mentioned." 
 
 (/) Or say, 
 
 "satisfied that Mr. X., of, &c., or other patent agent nominated 
 by or approved of by the said C. D. has under the instructions of 
 the said A. B. prepared, &c." 
 
 The sum of is suggested in order to defray the expenses of the 
 
 preparation of the complete specification, and obtaining the acceptance 
 thereof. 
 
 (g) Tho patent could, of course, be taken out by the inventor alone, and 
 then mortgaged. The above method is, however, advised, in order to
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1005 
 
 6 (h). Provided, however, that the said C. D. may at any time No further 
 
 a-ef use to make any advance unless satisfied with the application of Un i ft n8 former 
 
 .all previous sums advanced, or being dissatisfied therewith shall be ones properly 
 unable or fail to make or sustain any reasonable objection thereto. 
 
 7. The said A. B. shall pay to the said C. D. half-yearly on Interest 
 -every - - day of - - and - - day of -- , commencing as 
 
 from the time of advancement thereof, interest on every sum interest out of 
 advanced and for the time being remaining unpaid hereunder, no t exceeding 
 
 that is to say, firstly, a fixed interest at the rate of - per cent. a percentage 
 
 on moneys 
 por annum, and, secondly, a further interest to the extent of owing. 
 
 one-third share of the net profits (if any) of the said business for 
 the half-years then ending respectively, or such part of the said 
 one-third share as shall be equal to - - per cent. ({) of the 
 total sum advanced as aforesaid and for the time being remain- 
 ing unpaid. 
 
 8. Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, all ad- Moneys to 
 Tances shall, except as next provided, be repaid at the end of six m certain 
 calendar months from the respective times thereof. Provided, if interest 
 however, that if the said patent shall be obtained within - paid , &c. y 
 calendar months herefrom, and the said mortgage shall be duly 
 executed as aforesaid, then so long as the said A. 'B. shall on or 
 \\ithin thirty days after every half-yearly day aforesaid until the 
 - day of - , 19 , pay all interest for the time being due 
 .as aforesaid, and perform and observe all his obligations for the 
 .time being hereunder, or under the said mortgage, and shall on or 
 before the - day of - , 19 (fc), have finally established 
 himself in the said business, the said C. D. shall not before the 
 .said - day of -- , 19 (I), call in the principal moneys so 
 .advanced, or any part thereof respectively. Provided also that the 
 said C. D. shall not before the said - day of - , 19 (Z), be 
 compelled to receive the said principal moneys or any part thereof 
 respectively. 
 
 prevent adverse dealings with the patent before the execution of the 
 mortgage. 
 
 (h) Omit this clause if the sum is to be advanced in only two instal- 
 ments, as mentioned in note (e), ante. 
 
 (i) In fixing this percentage, it should be noticed that the period is 
 .half a year only. 
 
 (&) Some early date. 
 
 (Z) The first-mentioned date. 
 
 10(2)
 
 1000 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Half-yearly 
 accounts, in- 
 upcirtion, &o. 
 
 Content* 
 of mortgage 
 deed. 
 
 9. The said A. B. shall keep at his usual place of business all 
 proper books of account, and shall make true and perfect entries 
 therein, at the earliest opportunities, of all particulars relating to 
 the manufacture or sale of the articles made according to the said 
 invention, and the licences (m) granted by him in respect thereof. 
 and all other dealings by him with or in relation to the said inven- 
 tion and patent rights subject hereto, and to the said business, or 
 any of them, and shall balance his accounts at the end of each half- 
 year aforesaid, and shall at all times during the continuance and 
 for the purposes hereof give the said C. D. or his agents all infor- 
 mation, and at the expense of the said A. B. evidence by statutory 
 declaration or otherwise as to the truth of any particulars aforesaid, 
 and suffer him or them to inspect and make copies or extracts from 
 the said books, or any of them, as and when reasonably required 
 
 by him or them, and shall pay the expenses (not exceeding ) 
 
 of a chartered accountant (if any) employed by the said C. D. for 
 any half-year to investigate the said books and state of the said 
 business for the purposes aforesaid, and shall at the end of each 
 half-year aforesaid send to the said C. D. a full account and 
 balance sheet for such half-year. 
 
 10. The said mortgage deed shall contain all such covenants 
 and provisions as shall be necessary to carry out the terms of this 
 agreement so far as they shall remain to be performed or observed, 
 together with absolute covenants for title to the said invention and 
 patent rights subject to this agreement, and as to the validity of 
 the patent and for the payment by the said A. B. of all renewal 
 fees, and for the maintenance and protection by him of the patent, 
 but shall reserve to the said A. B. the right at any time or times 
 before the said C. D. shall become entitled to exercise the power 
 of sale, to grant licences other than exclusive ones, but at the 
 highest royalties obtainable, and not at fines or premiums, and 
 containing provisions enabling the licensor to revoke the same 
 respectively on default in payment of any royalties for the space 
 of thirty days, or on breach of any other covenants or conditions 
 therein contained, and shall enable the said C. D. at any time 
 
 (T) There will be a check on the grant of licences by the mortgagor 
 alone if the mortgage, or, in default of the latter" being executed, the 
 agreement itself, bo registered immediately after the grant of the patent. 
 See note (o), infra, as to the registration of this agreement if no mortgage- 
 be executed.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1007 
 
 or times after he shall become entitled to exercise the power of sale 
 to grant licences without restriction, and shall as far as can be 
 include the benefit of any extension of the patent, and of any 
 improvements or additions to the said invention, or any new dis- 
 covery relating- to the subject-matter thereof, now (if at all) in 
 the knowledge and possession of or which may hereafter be made 
 by the said A. B., either solely or in conjunction with any other 
 person or persons, and of all patent rights obtainable by him in the 
 United Kingdom and Isle of Man in respect thereof respectively, 
 and lastly shall contain all such other clauses or provisions as shall 
 be necessary, usual, or convenient for securing to the said C. D. 
 payment of the moneys and interest intended to be secured as 
 aforesaid (ri). 
 
 11. Until the said mortgage shall be executed, the patent rights Charge 
 for the time being comprised herein shall stand charged with the declaration of 
 repayment of the principal moneys and interest as aforesaid, and tru8t - 
 the said A. B. shall hold the same patent rights in trust for the 
 said C. D. to enable him more effectively to enforce the said charge 
 wtiere necessary, and shall perform and observe the covenants and 
 provisions to be comprised in the said mortgage deed so far as 
 possible as if the same had been duly executed. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (0). 
 
 () If any colonial or foreign patents are intended to be also a security Foreign and 
 
 they cannot, of course, be comprised in the mortgage. There should be a colonial 
 
 recital in the agreement of such intention, and also of applications being, P atents - 
 or about to be, made for the respective patents. A clause should then be 
 inserted, providing that A. B. will, with all due speed, or within specified 
 times, make or prosecute his applications, and obtain the respective 
 patents, and execute a proper mortgage of them to C. D., according to 
 the laws of the different countries. 
 
 (o) By the Conveyancing Act, 1881, ss. 19, 20, certain powers of sale This agree- 
 
 and other powers are given to mortgagees where the mortgage is by deed, ment to be 
 
 By sect. 2 (6) a mortgage includes "a charge." It seems, therefore, deecHn order 
 
 advisable that, in view of possible delay in the execution of the mortgage, to enforce the 
 
 the above agreement should be executed as a deed. The declaration of powers under 
 
 trust above made may be useful in enabling C. D. to get in the legal jggj 
 
 estate under the Trustee Acts on any sale by him to enforce the charge Declaration of 
 
 in case A. B. refuses to concur in the sale. Should there fce delay in the trust to ^ tor 
 
 execution of the mortgage the agreement itself should be registered, as O f Trustee 
 
 Iseing a document defining the interests of co-grantees. Acts. 
 
 Registration.
 
 I(M)S 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 2. AGREEMENT by a MANUFACTURER to pay expenses of 
 obtaining a PATENT No APPLICATION yet made JOINT 
 PATENT MANUFACTURER ALONE to work PATENT PAY- 
 MENT of ROYALTIES OPTION to PURCHASE PATENT- 
 PROVISION for RENEWAL of AGREEMENT by SURVIVING 
 PARTNERS (if any) of MANUFACTURER. 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made, &c., BETWEEN W., of, &c., of the one 
 part, and B., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS W. claims to 
 be the true and sole inventor of a method of determining the 
 distances of certain objects from the eye of the observer by means 
 No patent yet of an adaptation of the telescope: AND WHEREAS W. has not yet 
 applied for. U ppii ec i f or anv letters patent in respect of the said invention: 
 R. established AND WHEREAS R. is established at - - as a manufacturer and 
 in munufao. ^^ Q telescopes and other optical instruments: NOW IT IS 
 
 HEREBY AGREED as follows: 
 
 Rrcital*. 
 Invention. 
 
 Di-i-losure of 
 invention. 
 
 R. to make 
 and try speci- 
 men, and 
 if not elect to 
 carry out 
 agreement 
 the same to 
 be void with- 
 out compensa- 
 tion. 
 
 After R.'s 
 election, 
 patent to 
 be obtained at 
 his expense in 
 joint 11:111105. 
 W. to 
 
 pay expenses 
 of abortive 
 proceedings if 
 caused by 
 him, together 
 with interest. 
 
 1. W. shall forthwith fully disclose to R. the nature and extent 
 of the said invention. 
 
 2. Within one calendar month after such disclosure, and at his 
 own expense, R. shall make or adapt a telescope or other instru- 
 ment in accordance with or exhibiting the said invention, and 
 make trial of the same, and within a further period of one calendar 
 month he shall in writing state his willingness to carry out the 
 obligations on his part hereinafter contained, or in default of such 
 statement this agreement shall become null and void as to any- 
 thing remaining to be done thereunder, and the said invention 
 shall continue to be the sole property of W., who shall not be 
 liable in respect of any sum or sums expended by R. under this 
 clause. 
 
 3. After R. shall have stated his willingness to carry out the 
 obligations aforesaid, the said parties shall at his expense apply 
 for and obtain a patent in their joint names for the said invention 
 for the United Kingdom and Isle of Man. Provided, however, 
 that all moneys paid by R. in respect of any application or pro- 
 ceedings thereon which by reason of any wilful act or default 
 of W. shall become abortive or abandoned (whether revivable or 
 not) shall be repaid by W. on demand with interest thereon at 
 the rate of per cent, per annum from the respective times
 
 AGREEMENTS. 
 
 when the same were so paid until the repayment thereof respec- 
 tively (p). 
 
 4. Subject and without prejudice to the provisions hereinafter Subject 
 contained, the said parties hereto shall hold the said invention and 
 
 patent and all other inventions and patent rights for the time the patent 
 being subject hereto equally between them as tenants in common, "eld equally 
 5. R. ehall have the sole right for himself and partners (if any) as tenants in, 
 
 i> ITT i 11 i i - common. 
 
 ior the time being exclusive ot W . and all other persons ol using, 
 
 working and vending the said inventions and patent rights, in- >le right to 
 eluding the granting of licences at royalties. Provided, however, and grant 
 
 that both parties shall concur in the sale or assignment (if any) ences 
 
 v J ' at, royalties.. 
 
 of any patent rights for the time being subject hereto, or any part other deal- 
 
 thereof. or share therein, respectively, and also in the grant of mgs jointly, 
 
 r J ' . and all sums 
 
 licences under any of the said patent rights at fines or premiums, received on 
 
 and they shall be entitled to the net proceeds of any such sale, or ^^j 
 
 the lines or premiums or any royalties aforesaid in equal shares. equally. 
 
 6. R. shall at the end of each half-year hereinafter mentioned R- to pay 
 
 pay to W. the royalty of - shillings in respect of each instru- \y. O n instru- 
 
 ment aforesaid made or adapted by him according to the said 
 or any other invention for the time being subject hereto, and in 
 such half-year sold by him, whether he shall actually have 
 received the price thereof or not. 
 
 7. All fees, and the costs and expenses of and attending the Fees and cost 
 maintenance and protection of the said patent rights, shall in the fo. 1 ^^ ^' 
 first instance be paid and borne by R., who shall be entitled in the R- firstly, 
 half-yearly accounts hereinafter provided to be furnished to charge equally. 
 
 W. with one moiety of the same respectively. 
 
 8. R. shall keep at his usual place of business all proper books Accounts. 
 
 of account, and shall make true and complete entries therein, at inspection 
 _ _ allowed,. &c.. 
 
 (p) No new initiatory application can. of course, be made after the 
 acceptance of the complete specification, as publication then takes place. 
 Sect. 9 of the Act of 1907. After expiration of the time for acceptance, 
 if no acceptance has been obtained, it seems that, as by sect. 69, no 
 publication by the office is to ensue, the applicants may begin their 
 applications de novo. This is, in fact, an abandonment of a provisional 
 specification. In Oxley v. H olden, 8 C. B. N. S. 666, it was held (under 
 old law) that the abandonment of a provisional specification [it had not. 
 been published by the office] was not a dedication to the public of the 
 invention. No provision is made above for the default of E. in advancing 
 moneys, or neglecting to co-operate in the application, as he would 
 probably be in the position to make his own terms.
 
 101* 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Half-yearly 
 
 settlements. 
 
 Improve- 
 ments, &c. by 
 either party 
 to be in - 
 eluded. 
 
 R. may 
 
 I > ill ! ill-- W,% 
 
 interest 
 at fixed price- 
 on notice. 
 
 On death of 
 R. his sur- 
 viving part- 
 ners may 
 elect to 
 continue tbe 
 agreement. 
 
 the earliest opportunities, of all particulars necessary or convenient 
 for the purposes hereof, relating to the manufacture and sale of the 
 instruments made or adapted as aforesaid, and the licences granted 
 in respect thereof, and shall produce the said books to W. or his 
 agents or agent at all reasonable times for inspection and the 
 taking copies or extracts therefrom, and shall at his own expense 
 obtain and give to him or them from time to time all such infor- 
 mation as to any item or matter contained or which ought to be 
 contained therein as shall be reasonably required. 
 
 9. Accounts between the said parties shall be settled at the end 
 of each half-year, the first whereof commencing at the date when 
 complete protection shall have been obtained in respect of the said 
 invention. 
 
 10. Every improvement in or addition to the said invention or 
 new discovery useful in the manufacture or adaptation of tele- 
 scopes for the like purpose as aforesaid now (if at all) in the 
 knowledge and possession of or which hereafter may be made by 
 either party either solely or in conjunction with any other person 
 or persons shall as far as practicable, but subject to the rights 
 therein of any such person or persons, be treated as part of or as 
 comprised in the said invention, and except as to costs (if any) 
 out of pocket occasioned thereby, be communicated and explained 
 by him free of charge to the other of them, but no patent shall be 
 applied for or taken out in respect thereof unless R. shall think 
 fit, and then as between the said parties at their joint cost and in 
 their joint names subject to the rights of any such person or 
 persons, and such patent (if any) shall, subject as aforesaid, be 
 -also subject to this agreement, in the same manner as far as pos- 
 sible as the letters patent to be obtained in respect of the said; 
 invention. 
 
 11. R. may, at the end of any half-year aforesaid, after having 
 served W. with one calendar month's previous notice in writing 
 for that purpose, and satisfying all sums (if any) then due to W. 
 
 hereunder, purchase for the sum of all the estate and interest 
 
 of W. in the said patent, and any patent rights then subject 
 hereto. 
 
 12. If R. shall die during the continuance of any patent rights 
 for the time being subject hereto before he shall have elected to 
 purchase; the same as aforesaid, his surviving partner or partners 
 (if any) shall, subject to any provisions in the articles of partner-
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1011 
 
 ->hip to the contrary, have the option to be declared in writing and 
 .served on W. within - - calendar months from the date of the 
 -death of R. to continue to carry out his part of this agree rnent 
 upon the like terms as aforesaid except as provided in Clause 11. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 3. AGREEMENT for LOAN to a FIRM ADVANCES with 
 INTEREST repayable only out of FIXED SHARE of NET 
 PROFITS half-yearly PRESENT ADVANCE OTHER SUMS 
 advanced according to STATE of PROFITS CHARGE on 
 PATENTS No PERSONAL LIABILITY to REPAY. 
 
 -AX AGREEMENT made the - - day of -- , 19, BETWEEN 
 A. B. and C. D., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the firm"), of B*Ual*. 
 -.the one part, and E. F., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS the Title to 
 Jinn is absolutely entitled to the patent rights mentioned in the ET schedule. 
 .Schedule hereto: AND WHEREAS the firm has for some time past Business 
 been engaged at its address aforesaid in co-partnership in the 
 business of Avorking the said patent rights and the granting of 
 licences thereof: AND WHEREAS the said E. F. has agreed to Agreement 
 -advance the firm the sum of - by instalments repayable to- tcTfirm 811 
 gether with interest at th,e rate of - per cent, per annum out repayable out 
 of one-third share of the net profits derivable from the said patent and charged ' 
 rights as from the - - day of - last, but charged on the said on P atents - 
 patent rights as hereinafter provided, and not to be repayable by 
 -the firm or any member thereof personally: AND WHEREAS the Last^half- 
 last half -yearly accounts of the said business have been duly made accounts 
 up and ascertained as on the said - day of - last: AND made U P- 
 WHEREAS the said E. F. has inspected the books of the said busi- 
 ness and ascertained the state thereof and the amount of net profits inspected by 
 -derived from the said business during the two years immediately accepted 
 preceding the said - day of - last, and for the purposes ascorrect 
 hereof has accepted all the accounts relating to such period as 
 entirely correct: AND WHEREAS the method by which the said Past method 
 -accounts have been taken is intended, subject as hereinafter men- 
 
 1 ioned, to be also applied in ascertaining the amount of future net accepted for 
 
 ascertaining 
 
 profits: AND WHEREAS in part pursuance or the said agreement future profits. 
 "the said E. F. has immediately before the execution hereof ad- Part of 
 Danced the firm the sum of - part of the said sum of - advanced.
 
 1012 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Operative 
 part. 
 
 Advances and 
 interest only 
 repayable out 
 of profits 
 or the patent 
 rights. 
 
 Repayments 
 half-yearly. 
 
 the receipt of which sum of the firm doth hereby acknow- 
 ledge. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:- 
 
 1. The said sum of - and all other sums advanced here- 
 under shall bear interest at the rate of - - per cent, per annum 
 from the respective times of advancement thereof, but except as to- 
 the charge on the said patent rights hereinafter contained shall, 
 together with the interest aforesaid, be repayable only out of one- 
 third share of the net profits derivable from working the said 
 patent rights, and not by the firm or either member thereof per- 
 sonally (q). 
 
 2. The said payments out of net profits shall be made half- 
 yearly on every - - day of - - and day of - - com- 
 
 mencing with the 
 
 An instalment 
 to be ad- 
 vanced each 
 half-year 
 if lender's re- 
 ceipts are of 
 dehned extent 
 at least. 
 
 When legal 
 mortgage. 
 Mode of 
 estimation of 
 net profits. 
 
 day of 
 
 next or within thirty days 
 
 thereafter respectively (r), and shall be made, firstly, in discharge 
 of all interest aforesaid, and then in or towards satisfaction of 
 the principal moneys for the time being due hereunder and 
 remaining unpaid. 
 
 3. The sum of - (being the balance of the said sum of 
 
 ) shall be advanced in four equal instalments of 
 
 each (s) at the respective times hereinafter mentioned, that is to- 
 say if and whenever the said E. F. shall for any half-year afore- 
 said so long as any moneys advanced hereunder shall remain 
 unpaid be entitled to receive out of the said net profits as herein- 
 before provided a sum equal to or exceeding - - per cent, of the 
 entire principal sum advanced and then remaining unpaid, and 
 the firm shall have duly performed its obligations hereunder up to 
 the time of accounts being furnished for such half-year as here- 
 inafter provided, and shall not nor either member thereof ha\r 
 become bankrupt or committed any act of bankruptcy, whether 
 
 (g) If the firm are to be personally liable a formal legal mortgage 
 instead of this agreement should be executed. In the estimation of net 
 profits for any half-year, and in the absence of an agreement to the 
 contrary, interest on borrowed capital, and a fortiori the estimated receipts 
 by the lender as above provided, would not apparently be first deducted, 
 from the gross returns. See as to the mode of ascertaining profits when 
 the person entitled is not a partner (e.g., a manager or foreman), Rishtor* 
 v. Grissell, L. E. 5 Eq. 326; Geddes v. Wallace, 2 Bligh, 270. 
 
 (r) These extra days are mentioned in view of the charge made by- 
 Clause 4. 
 
 () Or unequal instalments.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1013 
 
 available for adjudication or not, the said E. F. shall then forth- 
 with, subject to the satisfaction of any moneys due to him on the 
 said accounts, advance one of the said instalments. 
 
 4. The said patent rights and all extensions thereof, together charge of 
 
 with the interest of the firm in any patents hereinafter obtained by patent rights 
 
 J (with decla- 
 it in respect of any improvements or additions to the several ration of 
 
 inventions mentioned in the Schedule hereto, or of any new dis- enforceable 10 ' 
 
 coveries useful for the manufacture of , are hereby charged while firm 
 
 with the repayment of the said principal moneys and interest, and obligations or 
 the firm shall hold any patent rights sold by the said E. F. in 
 enforcement of the said charge or any part thereof in trust for the 
 purchaser or purchasers at any such sale, but such charge shall not 
 be enforced so long as the firm shall perform and observe its obliga- 
 tions hereunder, and work the said patent rights at such a profit at 
 least as will admit of the said E. F. receiving each half-year out 
 of the one-third share of the net profits for that period as aforesaid 
 all interest then due on the principal moneys then already ad- 
 vanced by him and remaining unpaid, but in case the firm shall 
 make default in the performance or observance of any obligation 
 hereunder, and (where such default is capable of being made 
 
 good) shall for days after a notice in writing shall have been 
 
 served on the firm by the said E. F. requiring it to make good the 
 same omit so to do, or in case the said share of net profits for any 
 half-year shall not admit of the receipt by the said E. F. of the 
 full interest thereout as aforesaid, then the said E. F. may at an}' 
 time thereafter, notwithstanding any further advances made by 
 him to the firm in the meantime, call in the principal moneys 
 advanced and for the time being remaining unpaid hereunder, 
 together with all interest thereon aforesaid, and in default of pay- 
 ment thereof or any part thereof respectively forthwith may en- 
 force the said charge (). 
 
 () A formal legal mortgage could, of course, be executed, comprising 
 the terms of this agreement, except as to the mere charge, and then 
 registered. The object here, however, is to leave the firm quite unfettered 
 in its dealings with the patents before the charge becomes enforceable, 
 and to avoid any exposure of the affairs of the firm, which might result 
 from registration of the mortgage. Notice of the charge is to be indorsed 
 on the patent (Clause 6). If the agreement be executed as a deed, then 
 sects. 19 and 20 of the Conveyancing Act, 1881, conferring powers of 
 sale, &c. will operate. By sect. 2 (vi) of that Act, " a mortgage " may
 
 1014 PATENTS. 
 
 Account*, 5. The firm shall keep at its usual place of business all proper 
 
 nupeo on, book ^ &c |- eZaMSe 9j Agreement 1, p. 1006, ante]. 
 
 Payment 6. [For Clause as to payment of fees, use Sp. Cl. 37, p. 1161.] 
 
 7. The firm shall at all times during the continuance hereof 
 of e putent. defend every proceeding for revocation of any letters patent com- 
 
 prised herein, and protect the same from infringement. 
 
 Notice of thi 8. Notice of the effect of this agreement shall forthwith be 
 beindoraed indorsed on the deed of partnership dated, &c., of the firm, and 
 
 on partner- g^ so on the severa l letters patent mentioned in the Schedule hereto, 
 
 ship deed and . , . 
 
 patents. and signed in each case by the several persons parties thereto (u). 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (#). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 4. AGREEMENT for SALE of MOIETY of a PATENT PRO- 
 VISIONAL PROTECTION obtained PURCHASE-MONEY in 
 THREE INSTALMENTS payable (1) at DATE, (2) on 
 ACCEPTANCE of COMPLETE SPECIFICATION, (3) on GRANT 
 of PATENT CONDITIONS of WORKING RESCISSION 
 before GRANT in certain events. 
 
 Recitals. AN AGREEMENT made the - - day of BETWEEN A. B., 
 
 Invention and of, &o. (hereinafter called " the inventor "), of the one part, and 
 provisional Q D O f & c o f tne other ^ t: WHEREAS the inventor has 
 
 protection. 
 
 mean " any charge on any property for securing money." A declaration 
 of trust, as above, is recommended. The object is to obtain, if necessary, 
 an order under the Trustee Acts vesting the legal estate in the purchaser, 
 in case the patentee will not, or cannot, join in the assignment. 
 
 (w) The indorsement seems advisable, as the agreement, not being a 
 legal mortgage, will not be registered. The notice will prevent licences 
 being granted at premiums, or sales of the patents, without the concur- 
 rence of E. F. See as to assignees of patents taking with notice of the 
 claims of a prior assignor to a share of the net profits being bound to 
 account to him for the profits received by them, Werdermann v. Societe 
 
 Agreement to Generate d'Electricite, 19 Ch. D. 246 (Jessel, M. E., and Lush and 
 
 be by deed. Lindley, L. JJ.). 
 
 Stamp duty. ( x ) This agreement should be by deed (see note (<), ante), but cannot 
 
 No liability be registered. Ibid. The lender will be under no liability as a partner. 
 
 as partner. See Partnership Act, 1890, s. 2. For a clause as to service of notices, see 
 
 Service of &P- Cl. 51, post, p. 1165. 
 
 notices.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1015 
 
 invented certain improvements in, &c. [title of invention], and has 
 obtained provisional protection within the realm in respect of such 
 
 invention as from the day of - - last: AND WHEREAS it Agreement 
 
 is agreed that the said C. D. shall for the sum of pur- JjJiJjJf^ 
 
 chase one half -share in the patent and any extension thereof home patent, 
 
 obtainable in respect of the said invention: AND WHEREAS as part c ' 
 
 of the said purchase-money the said C. D. has immediately before purchase- 
 
 the execution hereof paid the inventor the sum of 
 
 receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged (?/). NOW 
 
 HEREBY AGREED as followe:- 
 
 1. The inventor shall forthwith prepare a complete specifica- Complete 
 tion of the said invention, and with all due speed procure the same specification 
 to be accepted at the patent office. prepared. 
 
 2. Within days after written notice of the acceptance of Further part 
 
 the complete specification shall have been served on him by the m oney C to be 
 inventor, the said C. D. shall pay to the inventor the sum of paid after 
 
 (z) further part of the said purchase-money. 
 
 3. On payment of the said sum of the said C. D. shall be On such 
 
 entitled to be made an applicant for the patent jointly with the (^D^to be 
 inventor, who shall then forthwith obtain the amendment of his made co- 
 application in this respect accordingly. 
 
 4. All costs and expenses incurred by the said parties on account Cost of oppo- 
 of any opposition to the grant of the patent shall be borne by the ^^torne" 1 * 
 inventor exclusively. by inventor. 
 
 5. As soon as the patent shall be granted as aforesaid and After sealing- 
 duly sealed, the said C. D. shall pay the inventor the balance of balancTof 
 the said purchase-money. purchase- 
 
 A . money to be 
 
 6. The patent and every extension thereof shall be held and paid." 
 enioyed by the parties in equal shares as tenants in common, sub- Conditions of 
 
 . ,. . ownership. 
 
 ject to the following conditions: 
 
 (a) The fees for renewal shall be the annual ones, and together Renewal fees 
 with any fees payable for extension of the times for f^^ share"* 
 renewal respectively shall be borne equally by and be- 
 tween the parties, and if either party shall at any time or 
 
 (y~) This should be a small percentage by way of deposit. Until the 
 complete specification is accepted a purchaser would hardly pay a sub- 
 stantial part of the purchase-money. After the acceptance the purchaser 
 pays a more substantial sum, and then should be entitled, as above 
 provided, to"be made a co-applicant. 
 
 (z) A substantial part of the purchase-money. See note (y).
 
 t6l6 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Unrentrioted 
 working, &c., 
 except as to 
 licences, at 
 premiums. 
 
 Siime condi- 
 tions to apply 
 to patents for 
 improve- 
 ments, &c. 
 
 If specifica- 
 tion not 
 accepted, 
 C. D. may 
 abandon pur- 
 chase and 
 claim return 
 of deposit 
 with interest. 
 
 times hereafter make default in or object to continue the 
 payment of the said fees the other party shall be at 
 liberty to pay the same, or to continue the payment 
 thereof, as for the remainder of the term, or any shorter 
 period, and may claim from the defaulting or objecting 
 party aforesaid a return of one-half of any payment so 
 .made, and shall have a charge on his share in the patent 
 and extension (if any) thereof for the sum so returnable, 
 together with interest thereon from the time of demand 
 thereof at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum. 
 
 (b) Each party shall be unrestricted in the working of the 
 
 patent and grant of licences at royalties, and shall not 
 be liable to account for any profits or royalties receivable 
 by him thereby or thereunder, but no licence except at 
 royalties shall be granted otherwise than by the parties 
 jointly, who shall be entitled to all fines and premiums 
 thereunder in equal shares (a) . 
 
 (c) The conditions in this clause shall as far as possible apply 
 
 to any patent obtained by the parties for any improve- 
 ment, addition, or discovery hereinafter mentioned. 
 7. If the inventor shall under the present or any new applica- 
 tion fail to obtain the acceptance of a complete specification (&), he 
 shall then forthwith give notice in writing to the said C. D. of 
 
 such failure, and the said C. D. may within weeks after the 
 
 receipt of such notice abandon the said purchase and claim a 
 return forthwith of the said sum of - together with interest 
 thereon at the rate of - - per cent, per annum from the date 
 hereof until repayment, but if the said C. D. shall within the said 
 period omit to give notice in writing to the inventor of his having 
 abandoned the said purchase, he shall be deemed to have elected to 
 take the benefit of another application, and in that case the said 
 parties shall thereupon forthwith (if not precluded) jointly (but 
 at the expense of the inventor) make and prosecute a new appli- 
 cation for the said patent. 
 
 (a) Condition (b) may be modified by providing for the partition of the 
 patent in some respects. For a partition deed, see post, p. 1092. For 
 further provisions, see post, pp. 1105 1108. 
 
 (6) As to the time for obtaining the acceptance, see sects. 5 and 6 
 of the Act of 1907.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1017 
 
 8. Each party shall from time to time after making any im- Improve- 
 provement in or addition to the said invention or discovery useful be shared 
 .in the manufacture of - - (including any improvement, addi- equally m the 
 tion or discovery aforesaid now (if so) in his knowledge and pos- 
 session), forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the other of 
 
 them; and, as and when reasonably required by the latter and at 
 his expense as to actual costs (if any) out of pocket occasioned 
 thereby, communicate and explain to him or his agents such im- 
 provement, addition, or discovery; and the said other party, in case 
 the communicating party shall not intend to take out letters patent 
 in respect thereof, shall be entitled to use the same free of charge; 
 but in case the communicating party shall intend to apply for 
 letters patent in respect thereof, shall pay one moiety (c) (not, 
 
 however, exceeding altogether the sum of ) of the current 
 
 costs and expenses of and attending the application for and obtain- 
 ing the said letters patent, and shall be entitled to be made a 
 co-applicant therefor, and the same when obtained shall be held 
 .and enjoyed by the said parties in equal shares (c) subject to the 
 terms of Clause 6 hereof. 
 
 9. If by reason of opposition to the grant thereof or otherwise If patent not 
 the said patent cannot be obtained, the said C. D. shall be entitled moneys to 
 forthwith (subject to the provisions of Clause 7) to the return of be returned, 
 all moneys paid by him as aforesaid, but without interest thereon, any claim 
 or, in default of payment after demand, together with interest fordama & es - 
 thereon from the time of demand thereof at the rate of per 
 
 cent, per annum until repayment, but without prejudice to any 
 claim for damages by either party against the other of them on 
 account of any act or default whereby such failure to obtain the 
 patent ensued (d}. 
 
 10. Except where in any case the context requires a different Transmission 
 interpretation, the expression "the inventor," or "the said clause - 
 
 O. D.," or other expression referring to either of the said parties 
 wheresoever used herein shall extend and be construed to apply 
 also as far as possible to the assigns of the persons so designated. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (e). 
 
 (c) Or in unequal shares, as may be intended. 
 
 (d) There is no implied warranty of title to the invention in an agree- 
 anent to sell a patent (or share therein). 
 
 (e} For a clause as to service of notices, see Sp. Cl. 51, post, p. 1165.
 
 1018 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 5. AGREEMENT to OBTAIN and ASSIGN LETTERS PATENT 
 for an INVENTION, in consideration of a SUM of MONE\V 
 and DELIVERY of certain number of the PATENT 
 ARTICLES. 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made the 
 
 day of 
 
 BETWEEN [in- 
 
 Recital of 
 invention. 
 
 Testatniti. 
 In considera- 
 tion of a -inn. 
 and of ih' 
 purchaser'* 
 covenant-. 
 
 inventor cove- 
 nants with 
 purchaser, 
 
 to solicit grant 
 of letters 
 patent ; 
 
 and to assign 
 letters pati-nt ; 
 
 ventor], of, &c., of the one part; and [purchaser], of, &c., of the 
 other part. WHEREAS the said [inventor] claims to have invented 
 
 a new and improved kind of , a plan or drawing of which 
 
 is hereunto annexed. AND WHEREAS the said [purchaser] has 
 arranged with the said [inventor] for the sale to him of the 
 benefit of the said invention, in the manner and upon the 
 terms hereinafter expressed. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED 
 that, in consideration of the sum of - to the said [inventor] 
 now paid by the said [purchaser], the receipt whereof is hereby 
 acknowledged, and also in consideration of the agreements here- 
 inafter contained on the part of the said [purchaser], he the said 
 [inventor^ hereby agrees with the said [purchaser] in manner fol- 
 lowing (that is to say), that he the said [inventor] will, at any time 
 or times hereafter within the term of fourteen years, to be com- 
 puted from the day of the date of these presents, upon the request 
 and at the cost of the said [purchaser], his executors, admini- 
 strators, or assigns, take and use all such steps, means, and pro- 
 ceedings, as shall be requisite or proper for obtaining, and use 
 his the said [inventorja utmost endeavours to obtain, in the name- 
 of bin. the said [inventor], a patent for the sole and exclusive- 
 making, using, exercising, and vending of the said invention 
 within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and 
 the Isle of Man, as the said [purchaser], his executors, admini- 
 strators, and assigns, may desire, during the term or terms for 
 which patents for inventions are usually granted; AND FURTHER,. 
 that the said [inventor], his executors or administrators, will, at 
 any time or times after obtaining any such patent, upon the 
 request and at the cost of the said [purchaser], his executors, 
 administrators, or assigns, make, do, and execute all such assign- 
 ments, deeds, matters, and things, as the said [purchaser], his- 
 executors, administrators, and assigns, shall reasonably require 
 for assigning and transferring unto the said [purchaser], his execu- 
 tors, administrators, and assigns, for his or their absolute benefit^ 
 the said patent, and the full benefit and advantage thereof; ANJ>
 
 AGREEMENTS. 
 
 FURTHER, that he the said [inventor] will, at any time or times to instruct 
 hereafter, upon every reasonable request of the said [purchaser], the invention * 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns, more particularly and 
 sufficiently describe to him or them, or his or their agents or 
 workmen, either in writing or by personal explanation and in- 
 struction, or otherwise, the nature of the said invention, and in 
 what manner the same, and every part thereof, and every process 
 relating thereto, are to be performed or carried into effect and 
 used ; AND FURTHER, that he the said [inventor], his executors or not to use- 
 administrators, will not, nor shall any person or persons claim- 
 
 ing by, from, through, or under him or them, at any time or purchaser'* 
 
 times hereafter, during the term of fourteen years to be com- 
 
 puted from the day of the date of these presents, without the 
 
 consent or licence of the said [purchaser], his executors, admini- 
 
 strators, and assigns, either alone or in co-partnership, or in any 
 
 other manner howsoever, directly or indirectly, make or assist in 
 
 the making of any - of the new and improved kind herein- 
 
 before mentioned, or in the construction of which the aforesaid 
 
 invention shall be used ; or (except by any specification or speci- nor, except by 
 
 fications which may have to be executed and enrolled for the pur- 
 
 poses of the application for the said patent) describe, either in vention; 
 
 writing or otherwise, to any person or persons other than the said 
 
 [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns, the nature 
 
 of the said invention, or in what manner the same is to be . 
 
 performed or carried into effect, or give any information, or do or 
 
 permit, or be party or privy to, any act, matter, or thing whereby 
 
 or by means whereof the same respectively may be known by any 
 
 person or persons other than as aforesaid, or whereby or by 
 
 means whereof the said [inventor] may be prevented or hindered 
 
 from obtaining the said patent for the purposes hereinbefore men- 
 
 tioned; AND FURTHER, that he the said [inventor] has not at that inventor 
 
 any time or times heretofore described, either in writing or other- hath not dis- 
 
 closed mven- 
 
 wise, to any person or persons other than the said [purchaser] (/), tion, and is 
 the nature of the said invention, or in what manner the same is fonf obtain- 
 _ ing patent ; 
 
 (/) Such a previous disclosure is no objection to the novelty of the Novelty of 
 invention at the time of the grant of the letters patent. To invalidate the inventlon - 
 patent on the ground of want of novelty, there must be a prior publication 
 to the world, or public use. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 11
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 for further 
 assurance. 
 
 to be performed or carried into effect, or given any information, or 
 done or permitted, or been party or privy to, any act, matter, or 
 thing, whereby or by means whereof the same respectively may 
 have been or may be known by any person or persons other than 
 as aforesaid, or whereby or by means whereof he may be prevented 
 or hindered from obtaining the said patent for the purposes here- 
 inbefore mentioned; AND FURTHER, that he the said [inventor] 
 will, at any time or times hereafter, upon every request, and at 
 the cost of the said [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or 
 assigns, make, do, execute, and perfect all such lawful acts, deeds, 
 disclaimers, amendments, and other matters and things, for the 
 better or more satisfactorily or effectually sustaining or main- 
 taining such paten'; as aforesaid, and assuring the same, and the 
 full benefit thereof, and of the said invention unto the said [pur- 
 chaser], his executors, administrators, and assigns, as by him or 
 Purchaser them shall be reasonably required. AND IN CONSIDERATION of 
 nmkcacertain the agreements hereinbefore contained on the part of the said 
 [inventor], he the said [purchaser] hereby agrees with the said 
 [inventor], his executors and administrators, that he the said [pur- 
 chaser], his executors or administrators, will, within the space of 
 one year, to be computed from the day of the date of the patent 
 to be so obtained as aforesaid, at his or their cost, make and 
 deliver, for and to the said [inventor], his executors and admini- 
 strators, - - complete, perfect, and well made and finished - 
 to indemnify of the new and improved kind hereinbefore mentioned; AND will,, 
 from time to time and at all times hereafter, save, defend, and 
 
 number of 
 articles, and 
 deliver them 
 to the 
 inventor ; 
 
 obtaining keep harmless and indemnified the said [inventor], his heirs, execu- 
 tors, and administrators, and his and their estates and effects 
 whatsoever and wheresoever, of, from, and against all costs and 
 charges to be incurred or sustained in, about, or in anywise relat- 
 ing to the obtaining of the said patent, and the preparing any 
 specification or specifications which may be necessary for the pur- 
 poses of the application for the same, and of, from, and against 
 Proviso that all claims and demands on account thereof. PROVIDED ALWAYS, 
 app^inTsoli- an( ^ ^ is hereby agreed and declared, that the solicitor or agont 
 citororagent, to be employed in obtaining the said patent, and in preparing any 
 inventor shall such specification or specifications as aforesaid, shall be appointed 
 n -K t i b * re l p - n " by the said [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns; 
 
 tjinle tor bis . 
 
 default. And that the said [inventor], his heirs, executors, or admini- 
 
 strators, shall not be "answerable or accountable for any neglect or
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1021 
 
 -default of such solicitor or agent, anything hereinbefore contained 
 to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding. 
 As WITNESS, &c. 
 
 6. AGREEMENT far SALE of Patent after acceptance of 
 Complete Specification VENDOR TO MANUFACTURE FOR 
 PURCHASER within District EXCLUSIVE LICENCE for 
 same District ROYALTIES on Goods sold to strangers 
 Clauses as to prices, delivery ( , accounts, and disposition 
 of Goods on determination of Licence. 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made the -- day of - - 19, BETWEEN s*itab. 
 A . B . , of, &c . , of the one part, and C . D . , of , &c . , of the other part : 
 WHEREAS the said A. B. as the inventor of a new and improved Acceptance 
 process, &c. [title] made his application for letters patent on the of complete 
 
 - day of -- last, and obtained the acceptance of a complete 
 specification in respect of the said invention on the - day of 
 last: AND WHEREAS the said A. B. has established himself Vendor 
 
 P i i_i i_ j> P i i i? T established in 
 
 at -- aforesaid in the business Of, &c., and is possessed 01 divers b U8 i ne8 8. 
 plant, machinery, utensils and other effects necessary or suitable 
 and ready for the manufacture of the said -- : AND WHEREAS Desire to 
 the said C. D. is desirous of purchasing the said invention and the patent^and 
 letters patent obtainable in respect thereof, and every extension for vendor to 
 
 p i i i ii 1-1 n i" manuiacture 
 
 of the said letters patent, and the exclusive benefit of all improve- for purchaser. 
 
 ments in or additions to the said invention, or any new discovery 
 
 useful for the manufacture of - now (if at all) in the knowledge 
 
 .and possession of .or which hereafter may be made by the said A. B. 
 
 .and of securing the services of the said A. B. in the manufacture 
 
 of -- . NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows :- 
 
 1. The said A. B. shall sell and the said C. D. shall purchase Sale for sum 
 the said invention, patent and rights aforesaid for the sum of 
 
 -- , of which the sum of -- has now been paid (the receipt (one now 
 whereof is hereby acknowledged), and the sum of - the re- 
 mainder thereof shall be paid at or immediately before the exe- 
 cution of the assurance hereinafter mentioned. 
 
 2. The said C. D. shall 'be entitled to be made an applicant for C. D. to be 
 the grant of the said patent jointly with the said A. B. who shall 
 at his own expense forthwith procure the amendment of his ap- 
 plication in this respect. 
 
 11 (2}
 
 1022 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Cost* of 
 opposition to 
 grant borne 
 by A. B. 
 
 Assignment 
 of patent to 
 C. D. after 
 jrrant. 
 
 If patent not 
 obtained, 
 deposit to be 
 returned 
 without 
 prejudice to 
 claim for 
 damages (if 
 any). 
 Vendor to 
 manufacture 
 for purchaser 
 at fixed prices 
 for a term. 
 
 Good manu- 
 facture. 
 
 Vendor may 
 manufacture 
 and sell 
 goods to 
 others within 
 district. 
 
 3. All costs and expenses incurred >by the said parties on account 
 of any opposition to the grant of the said patent and of obtaining 
 the grant thereof shall be borne exclusively by the said A. B. (#). 
 
 4. The said patent shall be obtained with all due speed, and 
 immediately after the sealing thereof shall at the expense of the 
 said C. D., but subject to the payment of the balance of the said 
 purchase-money, be assured, together 'with the exclusive benefit of 
 any extension thereof, to the said C. D. by the said A. B. so that 
 the entirety thereof shall become vested in the said C. D. 
 
 5. If by reason of opposition to the grant thereof or otherwise 
 the said patent cannot "be obtained, the said C. D. shall be entitled 
 
 forthwith to the return of the said sum of without interest, 
 
 or, in default of payment, &c. [Clause 9, ante, p. 1017.] 
 
 6. Subject as aforesaid, the said A. B. shall for a term of - 
 years from the date hereof, within the borough of - - or other 
 
 place or places in the eaid county of approved of by the 
 
 said C. D., manufacture for and supply to the said C. D. or hi& 
 nominees all such articles aforesaid which can be manufactured 
 according to the said invention as the said C. D. shall from time 
 to time require not exceeding - - in number per calendar month, 
 and at prices not exceeding the prices mentioned in the Schedule 
 hereto in respect of the class of articles so supplied, and shall manu- 
 facture the same in a good and workmanlike manner, and execute 
 all such orders with due and necessary dispatch. 
 
 7. The said A. B. shall at all times during the said term, subject 
 as aforesaid, be at liberty within the said borough or other place or 
 places aforesaid to manufacture the said articles in such numbers 
 as he may think fit, and within the said county to sell the same to 
 any person or persons other than the said C. D. or his nominees 
 
 at such prices respectively as shall not be less than per cent. 
 
 over and above the prices for the time being payable by the said 
 C. D. for corresponding articles as aforesaid (ft), and so that the 
 eaid A. B. shall pay to the said C. D. on all such articles when sold 
 
 (g) Or equally between the parties, or otherwise. 
 
 (h) This clause will operate as a licence, which, by Clause 10, is to be 
 exclusive for the county, except that it is implied that C. D. himself may 
 also use the invention within the same district. The agreement can, of 
 course, be added to by the insertion of other clauses relating to licences.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1023 
 
 by him the royalties mentioned in the schedule hereto according to 
 the class thereof respectively () . 
 
 8. All accounts between the said parties shall be made up and Monthly 
 settled at the end of every calendar month, the first whereof com- 
 mencing at the date of the said assurance, and accordingly the said 
 
 A. B. shall keep at the said manufactory or other usual place of 
 business of his for the time being, all proper books of account, &c. 
 [Clause 10, p. 1006, ante, omitting reference to licences and other 
 dealings, substituting "month" for "half-year," and omitting 
 reference to pat/ing expenses of an accountant and the remaining 
 matter.'] 
 
 9 . All articles so supplied to the said C . D . or his nominees shall Expenses of 
 if delivered within the said borough (fc), be delivered free of ex- delivery of 
 
 M I'T 1 1 * ' S . 
 
 pense to him or them, but otherwise shall be delivered at his or their 
 expense. ! 
 
 10. The said C. D. shall not during the said, term license within Purchaser not 
 the said county any other person or persons than the said A. B. to ^kerThan 
 manufacture or sell the said articles. vendor 
 
 11. The said A. B. shall from time to time .after making any district, 
 improvement in or addition to the said invention or discovery improve- 
 useful in the manufacture of - - (including any improvement, ment8 &c - 
 addition, or discovery aforesaid now (if so) in his knowledge and 
 possession), forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the said 
 
 C. D. or his assigns, who shall be entitled to the sole and exclusive 
 benefit thereof [except as to the personal use thereof by the vendor]; 
 and as and when reasonably required by the said C. D. or his 
 assigns, but at his or their expense as to actual costs (if any) 
 out-of-pocket occasioned thereby, communicate and explain to the 
 said C. D. or his assigns, or his or their agents, any such improve- 
 ment, addition, or discovery [and at the like expense and also 
 
 for such remuneration, not being less than at the rate of per 
 
 day, as the said C . D . or his assigns shall think fit to allow therefor, 
 himself personally, and to the best of his ability, instruct, superin- 
 tend, and assist on any business premises of the said C. D. or 
 
 (i) The royalties become payable as soon as the sale is effected that 
 is, when the legal title of the purchaser to the articles first accrues. 
 Consequently, the actual payment for the articles is not necessarily an 
 element in the question of sale or no sale. 
 
 (k) Or the limits within wffich A. B. will send his own carriers.
 
 1024 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Vendor not to 
 be concerned 
 in trade in 
 similar 
 articles. 
 
 Determina- 
 tion of agree- 
 ment to em- 
 ploy vendor 
 on default in 
 supplying 
 gooda or 
 bankruptcy. 
 
 his assigns, not less than workmen or other persons named 
 
 by him or them in the process and details of the manufacture of 
 articles with the use of such improvement, addition or discovery, 
 so as to make them proficient therein]. And shall, at the expense 
 
 (not, however, exceeding the sum of ) of the said C. D. or 
 
 his assigns, if he or they shall require the same, apply for and 
 obtain, or (if he or they shall so think fit) join with him or them 
 in applying for and obtaining, letters patent in respect of any such 
 improvement, addition or discovery; and execute and do all such 
 assurances and things as shall 'be necessary or convenient for 
 vesting the same letters patent and the exclusive benefit thereof in 
 the said C. D. or his assigns [subject to the personal use by the 
 eaid A. B. of the invention comprised therein] as by the said C. D. 
 or his assigns shall be reasonably required. 
 
 AND FURTHER, the foregoing provisions in this clause (including 
 as to the limit of expense to the said C. D. or his assigns) shall, as 
 far as possible, apply to the interest of the said A. B. in every such 
 improvement, addition, or discovery aforesaid, which he may, in 
 conjunction with any other person or persons, now have in his 
 knowledge and possession, or hereafter make, and every such 
 improvement, addition, or discovery shall, if the said C. D. shall 
 not otherwise direct, be applied to the manufacture of the said 
 articles to be supplied to him or his nominees as aforesaid. 
 
 12. The said A. B. shall not during the continuance of the said 
 patent, or any renewal thereof, or any other patents for the time 
 being comprised therein (except as hereinbefore provided), manu- 
 facture or sell any articles aforesaid, or such as shall be similar in 
 character to the said articles, or be engaged or concerned in or pro- 
 mote any business or company for the manufacture or sale of any 
 such articles respectively, or do any act or thing calculated to- 
 depreciate the value to the said C. D. of the said invention. 
 
 13. The said C. D. shall be at liberty to determine the agree- 
 ment and licence aforesaid relating to the manufacture, supply and 
 sale of the said articles on the said A. B. wilfully neglecting or 
 refusing, or for the space of one calendar month becoming unable 
 from any cause whatever to execute any order aforesaid, or other- 
 wise making default in the performance or observance of any of 
 his obligations hereunder, or on the said A. B. becoming bankrupt, 
 or committing any act of bankruptcy whether available for ad- 
 judication or not.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1025 
 
 14. In the event of the said agreement and licence as to the Disposition of 
 manufacture, supply and sale of articles becoming determined by fn^determimi- 
 effluxion of time or any other event, the said C. D. shall be at tionof 
 
 agreement 
 
 liberty, so long as the same shall remain unsold by the said A. B., and licence, 
 to call for the supply to him or his nominees at the said prices 
 respectively mentioned in the Schedule hereto of all articles (if 
 any) manufactured as aforesaid, or any of them then in the 
 possession and ownership of the said A. B. and not subject to any 
 previous orders of the said C. D., or, at the option of the said 
 C. D., as to any such articles to claim royalties thereon payable on 
 demand of the respective amounts mentioned in the Schedule hereto 
 less - - per cent, in lieu of any royalties on the sale thereof re- 
 spectively. Provided always, that subject as above mentioned, 
 the said A. B. shall be at liberty at any time or times after the 
 determination of such agreement and licence to sell any such 
 articles last aforesaid at any prices respectively whatever, but 
 shall immediately after any such sale pay to the said C. D. 
 royalties thereon of the respective amounts mentioned in the said 
 Schedule and that after such determination the said A. B. shall 
 give the said C. D. every facilit}^ at all reasonable times to ascer- 
 tain the number and class of such articles, and the transactions of 
 the said A. B. in regard thereto respectively. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (?.). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 7. AGREEMENT for SALE of FOREIGN and COLONIAL 
 Patents (in course of being obtained') Special Clause 
 enabling Purchaser to retire from any Purchase. 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made, &c. BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (herein- 
 after called "the vendor"), of the one part, and C. D., of, &c. 
 (hereinafter called "the purchaser"), of the other part [recite the Recitals.. 
 
 (I) In respect of the licence, this agreement should be executed as a 
 deed. 
 
 This agreement should be registered, qua the licence, after the assign- 
 ment has been registered. 
 
 For a clause as to service of notices, see Sp. Cl. 51; post, p. 1165.
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Applications 
 pending for 
 colonial and 
 foreign 
 
 patent*. 
 
 Separate 
 contracts to 
 aell same to 
 <3. D. 
 
 Payment of 
 deposit. 
 
 Vendor to 
 
 continue 
 
 proceedings. 
 
 Balance of 
 purchase- 
 moneys 
 payable in in- 
 stalments, as 
 per Schedule. 
 
 Retirement 
 by purchaser 
 from any pur- 
 chase on re- 
 linquishment 
 of moneys 
 paid, \r. 
 
 invention and that provisional protection has been obtained at home, 
 as ante (m), p. 1014]: AND WHEREAS the vendor has lately made or 
 is about to make application for patent or other similar privileges 
 (hereinafter called "patents") for the colonies and foreign 
 countries mentioned in the Schedule hereto in respect of the said 
 invention: AND WHEREAS the vendor has agreed with the pur- 
 chaser (by separate contract as to each patent ()) to sell to him the 
 said patents at the respective prices mentioned in the said Schedule : 
 AND WHEREAS the purchaser has immediately before the exe- 
 cution hereof paid to the vendor the sum of - (apportioned 
 between the said patents as in the said Schedule mentioned) part 
 of the said purchase-money, the receipt whereof is hereby ac- 
 knowledged. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED asfollows:- 
 
 1 . The vendor shall at his own expense forthwith commence or 
 continue, and with all due speed take and prosecute the necessary 
 steps and proceedings for obtaining the said several patents. 
 
 2. The balance of the purchase-money for any patent shall be 
 payable by instalments in the amounts and at the times respectively 
 in the Schedule hereto mentioned, and any instalment not paid at 
 or before the time appointed for payment shall thenceforth bear 
 interest at the rate of - - per cent, per annum until actual pay- 
 ment thereof. 
 
 3. The purchaser may at any time not later than - - weeks 
 before the time fixed in the Schedule for the completion of the 
 purchase of any patent, retire therefrom by then serving the 
 vendor with a written notice for that purpose, whereby also the 
 purchaser shall offer to relinquish all claim to any moneys paid by 
 him in respect of the said purchase, and also to pay on demand any 
 moneys then already due in the like respect and remaining unpaid. 
 
 (m) Except (if time admits) as to countries which are members of the 
 International Union, a provisional, not a complete, specification should 
 only bo furnished, because publication first takes place on the acceptance 
 of the complete specification (sect. 9 of the Act of 1907), which would 
 be a bar in many colonies and foreign countries to the obtaining patents 
 there. 
 
 (n) An entire contract cannot be apportioned. The contracts are here 
 to be supposed to be verbal ones, as, if in writing, they should either be 
 fully recited here or be sufficient without the necessity of this agreement.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1027 
 
 4. Tho purchase of each patent shall be completed at the time Purchases 
 and place in respect thereof mentioned in the Schedule (o) . times and & 
 
 , . . . places as per 
 
 5. If the vendor shall unreasonably make delay in or discontinue schedule. 
 the proceedings in respect of his application for any patent, and If . vendor 
 shall for more than - - days after he shall have been requested purchaser 6 ' 
 
 in writing by the purchaser to continue the same omit so to do, the 
 
 purchaser may at any time thereafter before the vendor shall (if at moneys and 
 
 all) continue such proceedings, either retire from the purchase of 
 
 that patent, and shall then accordingly be entitled to a return of all 
 
 moneys (if any) paid by him in respect of such purchase together 
 
 with interest thereon respectively (as for money lent) at the rate 
 
 of - per cent, per annum from the times of payment until the 
 
 repayment thereof respectively, or if time will so admit, may at the Or, with 
 
 expense of the vendor and by means of a power of attorney or ^^iThim- 
 
 other (if any) necessary powers given by him (who shall ac- self continue 
 
 cordinglj confer the same) himself continue or cause to be con- 
 
 tinued the said application and all proceedings consequent thereon, 
 
 until the said patent shall be granted and vested in the purchaser, 
 
 and all moneys (if any) paid by the purchaser in the due and proper Expenses of 
 
 exercise of any such powers shall be repaid by the vendor on 
 
 demand, together with interest thereon respectively at the rate last interest. 
 
 .aforesaid from the time of payment until the repayment thereof 
 
 respectively, notwithstanding that from any cause not attributable 
 
 to the purchaser the patent shall not finally be obtained. 
 
 6 . If through any cause attributable to the state of the title to if any patent 
 
 the invention in any country aforesaid the patent in respect thereof u ob!;a " ie(i 
 
 cannot be obtained, the purchaser shall be entitled on demand to defect in title, 
 ;a return of all moneys paid by him for the purchase of such patent, 
 
 but without any interest thereon or (subiect as in the last clause ?vit 
 
 i . . P interest, &c. 
 
 provided) any claim for damages or compensation on account of 
 
 the failure to obtain the patent. 
 
 7. [For a clause as to services of notices, use Sp. CL 51, post, service of 
 
 p. 1165.] notices. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 (o) This can, of course, only be finally effected in each, country itself, 
 ;and according to the laws thereof.
 
 1028 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Recitah. 
 
 Vendor 
 entitled by 
 aNUgnmeut to 
 puteiit. 
 
 Agreement to 
 ell to com- 
 pany for 
 
 the 
 
 patent and 
 an equal in- 
 terest in any 
 improve- 
 ment*. 
 
 Company to 
 be formed to 
 purchase 
 patent. 
 
 M emoranduni 
 and articles 
 already 
 prepared. 
 Capital and 
 share*. 
 
 Sale for 
 . 
 
 8. AGREEMENT for SALE of PATENTS to a TRUSTEE for 
 a JOINT STOCK COMPANY (in course of formation} 
 PURCHASE- MONEY in CASH and SHAKES (p). 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (herein- 
 after called " the vendor "), of the one part, and C. D., of, &c., as 
 trustee for the company (hereinafter mentioned and called " the 
 company ") now in course of formation of the other part: 
 WHEREAS the vendor is entitled under an assignment dated, &c.,. 
 and made, &c., to the invention and patent in respect thereof men- 
 tioned in the Schedule hereto: AND WHEREAS the vendor has 
 agreed with the said C. D. as such trustee for the sale to the 
 company at the price of of the said patent and all exten- 
 sions thereof, and the exclusive benefit of all improvements in or 
 additions to the said invention, or any new discovery relating 
 
 to the manufacture of , now (if at all) in the knowledge and 
 
 possession of or which hereafter may be made by him: AND- 
 WHEREAS the company is about to be formed under the Com- 
 panies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, with the name of The - 
 Company, Limited, having the object (amongst others) of acquir- 
 ing the said patent: AND WHEREAS the memorandum and articles 
 of association of the company have with the privity of the vendor 
 been already prepared: AND WHEREAS the nominal capital of the 
 company is provided to be - divided into 15,000 shares of 
 
 each (#). NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows: 
 
 1 . The vendor shall sell and the company shall purchase at the 
 
 price of the invention and patent mentioned in the Schedule 
 
 hereto, and the sole and exclusive benefit of the said patent, and 
 all extensions thereof (r), and the like benefit of all improve- 
 ments, additions or new discoveries aforesaid. 
 
 (p) This precedent is intended to answer the double purpose of an 
 ordinary agreement for sale to an individual of a patent already 
 obtained, and of dealing with the case of an inchoate company as the 
 purchaser. 
 
 (<7) The above agreement involves the adoption of it by the company 
 when formed. This will be done by an agreement between the vendor, the 
 trustee, and the company, which is intended for indorsement on the 
 original contract with or without modifications thereof. 
 
 (r) See sect. 18 of the Act of 1907 as to extensions. An assign can 
 petition, as the term " patentee " means " the person for the time being; 
 entitled to the benefit of a patent" (sect. 93).
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1029 
 
 2. The said purchase-money of -- shall be satisfied by the Purchase - 
 payment of - in cash, and the allotment to the vendor or and share*. 
 his nominees of - shares in the company numbered - to 
 
 - both inclusive, which shall be deemed for all purposes to be 
 fully paid up (s). 
 
 3. The purchase of the said patent shall be completed on the Day fixed for 
 
 - day of - - next, at No. -- , &c., the offices of Messieurs 
 
 E. F. & Co., the solicitors of the vendor, or if from any cause the payable if 
 same shall not be then completed, the company shall pay interest nottheiT 
 on the said sum of - at the rate of - per cent, per annum completed. 
 from that day until the completion thereof. 
 
 4. The vendor shall from time to time after making any im- improve- 
 provement in or addition to the said invention, &c. [ante, ^\^K& 
 
 p. 1023 ()]. instruction 
 
 5. The adoption of this agreement by the company shall operate f , r 
 
 to discharge the said C. D. from all liability in respect thereof (u). ment adopted 
 
 by company, 
 C. D. to be 
 
 (s) By sect. 88 of the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, it is neces- from liability. 
 sary to file with the registrar of companies, within one month of allot- 
 ment, a contract in writing, as therein provided, in the case of shares 
 allotted as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in cash. 
 
 () A clause might follow the above one as to the vendor not engaging 
 in the manufacture or sale of similar articles. Thus: 
 
 '' The vendor shall not, during the continuance of the said Vendor not to 
 patent or any extension thereof [except as herein provided], manu- 3 
 
 facture for sell I any articles aforesaid, or such articles as shall in similar 
 
 ~* i I 
 
 be similar in character to the same, or be engaged or concerned in 
 or promote any business or company for the manufacture, sale, or 
 letting on hire of any such articles respectively, or do any act or 
 thing calculated to depreciate the value to the company of the 
 said invention." 
 
 (u} The liability of C. D. so far, until the company adopts the agree- 
 ments, is to pay for the patents himself at the total fixed price in cash. 
 See Kelner v. Baxter, L. E. 2 C. P. 174, which was a case of an 
 open contract by persons on behalf of an unformed company to buy goods 
 for cash. The company was formed, and the goods handed over and con- 
 sumed in its business, but they were not paid for. The company collapsed 
 without making the payment, and it was held that no adoption by 
 the company could relieve the persons from liability without the assent 
 of the vendors. See, also, Scott v. Lord Ebury, L. E. 2 C. P. 255, where, 
 in the case of an advance being made to promoters of a company to be 
 repaid out of the calls on shares, it was held that on the collapse of the
 
 1030 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 by 
 
 either party 
 if minimum 
 number 
 of shares not 
 subscribed 
 within certain 
 time. 
 
 Rescission 
 also, if agree- 
 ment not 
 adopted 
 by company 
 by certain 
 date. 
 
 Agreement to 
 be filed before 
 issue of 
 shares. 
 
 6. Either party hereto may in writing rescind this agreement 
 unless before the - - day of - - next - - shares at least 
 of the company shall have been duly subscribed for and 
 per share at least paid by the subscribers thereon. 
 
 7. If this agreement shall not be adopted by the company before 
 the - - day of - - next (x) either party may by writing re- 
 scind the same. 
 
 8. This or some other contract in writing constituting the title 
 of the allottee to the allotment, together with any contract of sale, 
 or for services or other consideration in respect of which the 
 allotment shall be made (if any such there be) shall, within one 
 month of allotment, be filed by the company with the Registrar 
 of Companies. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (/). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 9. AGREEMENT betiveen JOINT APPLICANTS for a Patent, 
 defining their respective INTERESTS and POWERS on 
 working SEPARATELY. 
 
 Recitals. AN AGREEMENT made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of the 
 Joint appli- one p&rt, and C. D., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS the said 
 Acceptance of P ar ties on the - - day of - - last jointly applied for letters 
 complete patent for the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man in respect of 
 an invention for, &c.: AND WHEREAS the complete specification of 
 
 company without payment, and notwithstanding its adoption of the con- 
 tract, the promoters were personally liable. Clause 5, above, is therefore 
 essential to the discharge of C. D. Further, the next two clauses provide 
 for rescission by either party. It seems impossible, however, to contend 
 that C. D. would be liable at all under the above form of agreement as it 
 stands, except in the case of his refusal to assent to the assignment to the 
 company. This exception will apparently prevent the above agreement 
 from being treated as a contract in which one of the parties shall not be 
 personally liable. Such a stipulation, if expressed at least in the con- 
 tract, would be void, as being repugnant to the nature of a contract. See 
 the cases of Furnivatt v. Goombes, 5 Man. & Or. 736; Williams v. 
 Hathaway, 6 Oh. D. 544; and Wailing v. Lewis, [1911] 1 Ch. 414. 
 
 () Some day prior to the day of completion fixed by Clause 3. 
 
 (y) For a clause as to service of notices, see Sp. Cl. 51, post, p. 1165.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1031 
 
 the invention was accepted on the -- day of - last: AND Desire to 
 WHEREAS the said parties are desirous of defining the terms and respective 
 conditions under which they respectively shall use, work and vend interests. 
 the said invention and letters patent. NOW IT IS HEREBY 
 AGREED as follows: 
 
 1. The said A. B. shall henceforth be entitled to use, work, and Exclusive use 
 vend the said invention, and assign, grant licences in respect of, and ^stricte to 
 otherwise deal with, the said patent, for the residue of the term to one or the 
 
 be comprised therein, and any extension thereof, to the exclusion 
 of the said C. D., for the districts or places mentioned in the first 
 schedule hereto, as effectually in all respects as if he were the 
 absolute owner of the said patent for such districts or places, and 
 the said C. D. shall henceforth be entitled to similar rights for the 
 like period or periods to the exclusion of the said A. B. in and for 
 the districts or places mentioned in the second schedule hereto. 
 
 2. Except as aforesaid, each party shall be at liberty to work Except as 
 the said patent and grant licences in respect thereof for his own ^^may 
 exclusive benefit, for any district or districts or place or places work for any 
 within the United Kingdom or Isle of Man, at any annual royal- gianT licences 
 ties he may think proper, without the consent or concurrence of at royalties 
 the other party, and shall not be liable to account for any profits accounting. 
 or royalties received by him thereby or thereunder, but shall not Licences at 
 grant any such licences at fines or premiums unless with such be granted 
 consent or concurrence, and all fines, premiums, or other moneys J oiu %- 
 (except royalties) payable under any such licences shall be divided 
 
 equally between the said parties (0). 
 
 3. The fees for the continuance or renewal of the patent shall Fees, how 
 be the annual ones, and together with any fees payable for exten- P a 7 aWe - 
 sion of the times of renewal respectively shall be borne equally 
 between, &c. [Clause 6 (a), ante, p. 1015.] 
 
 4. This agreement shall as far as possible also apply to any Agreement to 
 patent obtained by the parties for any improvement, addition, or *mprovs any 
 discovery hereinafter mentioned. ments, &c. 
 
 5. Each party shall from time to time after making any im- improve- 
 provement in, &c. [Clause 8, ante, p. 1017, " subject to the terms {?har * c ' * 
 
 of Clause 4 hereof."] equally in 
 
 terms hereof. 
 
 (z) Licences at fines or premiums will be granted by the co-owners 
 jointly, and the payments made accordingly, so that there seems no need 
 for providing for accounts between them.
 
 1032 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Transmission 
 
 6. Except where in any case the context requires a different 
 interpretation, &c. [Transmission Clause as ante, p. 1017] (a). 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 
 10. AGREEMENT for WORKING and SELLING an INVENTION, 
 in respect of which an APPLICATION for a PATENT has 
 been made, for the JOINT BENEFIT of the INVENTOR 
 and ANOTHER PERSON. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 Recitals of 
 application 
 for patent ; 
 
 of acceptance 
 of specifica- 
 tion ; 
 
 of agreement 
 for arrange- 
 ment as to 
 working, &c. 
 the invention. 
 Tatittinn. 
 Agreement. 
 < '.ipituliM to 
 contribute 
 8inn for 
 expenses. 
 
 Inventor to 
 endeavour to 
 obtain patent, 
 nnd assign the 
 same when 
 required. 
 
 AN AGREEMENT, made the day of 
 
 19 , BETWEEN 
 
 [inventor], of, &c., of the one part; and [capitalist], of, &c., of 
 the other part. WHEREAS the said [inventor] has, under the 
 Patents and Designs Act, 1907, made an application, dated the 
 - day of , 19 , number - , for a patent for an inven- 
 tion of [title of invention], which application was accompanied by 
 a complete specification: AND WHEREAS the said complete speci- 
 fication has been accepted: AND WHEREAS the parties hereto agreed 
 to enter into the arrangements hereinafter mentioned in respect 
 of the said invention, and application, and the patent to be ob- 
 tained thereupon. NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 
 that it is hereby agreed as follows, that is to say: 
 
 1. The said [capitalist] shall, immediately upon the execution 
 
 of these presents, pay to the said [inventor] a sum of , to be 
 
 applied by him towards the expenses of working and developing 
 the said invention. 
 
 2. In consideration of the payment so agreed to be made as 
 aforesaid, and of the agreements on the part of the said [capitalist] 
 hereinafter contained, the said [inventor] shall use his best en- 
 deavours to perfect the said invention, and to obtain the grant 
 of the said patent in his own name, and shall, whenever required 
 by the said [capitalist] after the granting of such patent, assign 
 the same, so that the same premises may be legally and bene- 
 
 (o) As the agreement may be taken to be a final, and not an executory, 
 instrument, it should be executed as a deed. If by deed, it should also 
 be registered after the sealing of the patent, as conferring legal rights 
 (by way of licence, at least, if not assignment).
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1033 
 
 ficially vested in the said parties hereto as tenants in common in 
 equal shares, and the said parties hereto shall as well before as 
 after such assignment, be entitled to the said patent in the shares 
 .aforesaid. 
 
 3. The said [inventor], without any further remuneration than Inventor to 
 the moneys hereinafter agreed to be paid by the said [capitalist], imrove- 
 will communicate to the said [capitalist] all improvements which ment8 - 
 the said [inventor] has already invented, discovered, or made., 
 
 or may, during the continuance of the said patent, or of any 
 other patent which may become subject to the provisions of these 
 presents, invent, discover, or make in, or in connection with the 
 said invention, and also all improvements, whether patented or 
 not, in, or in connection with the said invention, of which the said 
 [inventor] shall become the owner, or have the control. 
 
 4. The said [inventor] will also, at the expense in the first Inventor to 
 instance of the said [capitalist], such expense to be considered, foreign and 
 
 as an advance, and to be reimbursed as hereinafter mentioned, coloni fl 
 
 patents. 
 
 apply for, and endeavour to obtain in such foreign countries, 
 or British colonies, or dependencies, as the said [capitalist] shall 
 think proper, and shall require, the like privilege for the inven- 
 tion comprised in the application, and for any such improvements 
 as aforesaid; and will, as far as practicable, at the request and 
 expense, in the first instance, of the said [capitalist], such expense 
 to be considered as an advance, and to be reimbursed as herein- 
 after mentioned, render all such foreign and colonial patents, and 
 the said improvements available for the exclusive use of the said 
 parties hereto in equal shares; and execute and do every act, deed, 
 and thing which may be necessary or expedient for effectually 
 vesting the same in the said parties hereto in the shares aforesaid. 
 
 5. The said [capitalist] shall advance from time to time such Capitalist 
 monies as he shall think fit for working and developing the patent advances for 
 
 to be obtained on the aforesaid application numbered , or working and 
 
 the said foreign and colonial patents, or like privileges, or any invention, 
 such patents for improvements as aforesaid (all which patents and 
 privileges are collectively referred to as the " said patents "), 
 
 .and for defraying the costs and expenses of obtaining and com- 
 pleting the said patents respectively, and keeping the same on 
 foot, and for protecting or defending the same from, or obtaining 
 damages or other compensation for infringements, or otherwise 
 -defending the said patents, or of obtaining renewals and exten-
 
 1034 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Charge of 
 advances on 
 patents. 
 
 Application of 
 royalties, 
 proceeds of 
 sale of patent 
 rights, &c. 
 
 sion of the term of the patents, or amending the specification^ 
 thereof, or working, or developing the working comprised in the. 
 said patents (hereinafter referred to as the said patented inven- 
 tions), or introducing the same to the public, or exercising or 
 using the said patented inventions, or any of them, or any parts 
 thereof respectively, or for any purpose whatever in connectioa 
 with the said patents, or any of them; and the said advances, 
 and also the aforesaid sum of - shall be repaid to the 
 said [capitalist] as hereinafter mentioned; and if there shall at 
 any one time during the continuance of this agreement be owing 
 to the said [capitalist] in respect of such advances in the aggregate 
 
 the sum of , or upwards, then any excess of such advances 
 
 over the sum of , shall carry interest at the rate of 51. per 
 
 cent, per annum, from the date when such excess shall have become 
 due to the said [capitalist], until the same shall be paid. 
 
 6. All advances made by the said [capitalist] as aforesaid and 
 all interest shall be and the same are hereby charged upon the- 
 said patents as a first charge upon the same. 
 
 7. All monies which shall be received by way of royalties, 
 or otherwise, as the consideration for any licence granted for 
 the use of the said patented inventions, or any of them r 
 or any part thereof respectively, or which shall be received 
 as the proceeds of the sale or other disposition of the said patents, 
 or any share or interest therein, or which shall be received in 
 respect of any working, using, or exercising by or on behalf 
 of the said parties hereto, or either of them, of the said patented 
 inventions, or any of them, or any part thereof respectively, or 
 which shall in any manner whatever arise or be received out of, 
 or in respect of the said patents, or any of them, all which monies 
 are hereinafter referred to as " the proceeds of the said patents," 
 shall be applied as follows that is to say, in the first place, in 
 payment of the costs and charges incurred with the consent of 
 the said [capitalist], attending the licence, sale, disposition, or 
 working in respect of which the same respectively shall be 
 received; and in the next place, and as a charge upon the 
 said proceeds of the said patents, and in priority to any 
 other payments hereinafter mentioned, in payment to the 
 said [capitalist] of all advances made by the said [capitalist] 
 as aforesaid, with interest thereon, in the events, and at 
 the rate, and in manner aforesaid; And in the next place, 
 
 in
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1035 
 
 payment of all expenses of working the said patents (hereinafter 
 referred to as the patent expenses, and defined as hereinafter men- 
 tioned); And the balances which shall remain of the proceeds 
 of the said patents, after making the same payments aforesaid, 
 shall be divided between the parties hereto in equal shares. 
 
 8. For the purposes of this agreement, the expression " patent Definition of 
 expenses " shall mean and include all moneys which, with the con- " P atent 
 
 expenses. 
 
 sent of the said [capitalist], shall be expended for any of the pur- 
 poses mentioned in the 5th Clause of these presents, which shall 
 not have been defrayed by moneys advanced by the said [capitalist]. 
 
 9. There shall be set aside yearly out of the aforesaid pro- Reserve fund. 
 ceeds of the said patents and premises, after payment of the 
 
 said costs, charges, and interest (if any), and of the said patent 
 expenses, such a sum, not exceeding - in any one year, as 
 the said [capitalist] shall think proper, as a reserve fund for 
 meeting contingencies, and providing moneys for working and 
 developing the patents, or for any of the purposes mentioned in 
 the 5th Clause of these presents, and such reserve fund may from 
 time to time be drawn upon and applied for any of the purposes 
 aforesaid, as and whenever the said [capitalist] shall think fit. 
 
 10. The said [inventor] shall give as much time and attention Inventor to 
 as may be necessary for working and developing the said patented a 
 
 inventions, and shall use his best endeavours to promote the success working 
 thereof, but the said [capitalist] shall not be bound to give more 
 time or attention thereto than he shall think proper. 
 
 11. During the continuance of the arrangement hereby made, Neither party 
 neither of the said parties hereto shall, without the consent of j^J^'f &c 
 the other of them, grant or agree to grant any licence for work- without con- 
 ing the patented inventions, or any of them, or any part thereof, 
 or sell or dispose of his share or interest in the said patents or 
 any of them, or any part thereof, or use or exercise the said 
 invention, or make any payment, or incur any expenses, debts, 
 or liabilities in respect of the said patents or patented inventions, 
 and in case any payment, debt, or liability shall be so made or 
 incurred without such consent, the same shall be made or incurred 
 on the separate and individual account of the party making or 
 incurring the same, and shall be borne by him exclusively, with- 
 out any right to resort to the proceeds aforesaid of the said patents, 
 and the other of the said parties hereto shall be indemnified by 
 him in respect of the same. 
 
 B. VOL. ii. 12
 
 1036 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Inventor 
 alone to work 
 the patent ; 
 rendering 
 accounts to 
 capitalist. 
 
 Inventor to 
 take all pro- 
 ceedings 
 necessary for 
 protecting 
 patents. 
 
 Clause 
 
 negativing 
 
 partnership. 
 
 Duration of 
 
 urrnug'cini'Dt. 
 
 12. The said patents, patented inventions, and premises shall 
 be worked, and the business thereof shall be carried on in the 
 name of the said [inventor] alone as patentee; and proper accounts 
 shall be kept by him of all payments made, and moneys received, 
 and liabilities incurred in respect thereof, and of all transactions 
 relating thereto, and all moneys received in respect of licences, 
 sales, and dispositions or otherwise, in respect of the said patents, 
 shall be paid into a bank to an account to be kept in the joint names 
 of the said parties hereto, and shall not be paid out except upon 
 the joint cheque of both parties. The books of account and other 
 documents shall be kept in the custody of the said [inventor] at 
 his office or such other place in London as the said parties hereto 
 may agree upon, but so that the said [capitalist] may at any time 
 have access thereto. The accounts relating to the said patents, 
 patented inventions, and premises shall be made up and balanced 
 
 half-yearly on the day of , and the day of - , 
 
 or oftener if the said parties hereto shall so agree. 
 
 13. The said [inventor] shall, during the continuance of the 
 arrangements hereby made, take all such proceedings as the said 
 [capitalist] shall require for keeping up the said patents, and pro- 
 tecting and defending the same from, and obtaining damages or 
 other compensation for, infringement, or otherwise defending the 
 said patents, or any of them, or obtaining renewals or extensions 
 of the term of the said patents, or any of them, or amending the 
 specifications thereof; and the costs and expenses of all such pro- 
 ceedings as last aforesaid shall be defrayed in the first instance 
 by the said [capitalist], and shall be considered as advances by 
 him within the meaning of the 5th Clause of these presents, and 
 so far as not defrayed by the said [capitalist], shall be considered 
 as part of the patent expenses as hereinbefore defined. 
 
 14. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as constituting 
 a partnership between the said parties hereto. 
 
 15. The arrangement hereby entered into shall remain in force 
 until the expiration of the term of the patent to be granted in 
 
 respect of the said application, number aforesaid, and of any 
 
 renewal or extension thereof, and during any further patents, 
 whether British, Colonial, or foreign, to be obtained for the said 
 invention, or any such improvements as aforesaid, in case both 
 the said parties hereto shall so long live: PROVIDED ALWAYS that 
 it shall be lawful for the said [capitalist] at any time hereafter, to
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1037 
 
 determine the said arrangement, upon giving to the said [in- Proviso for 
 ventor], or leaving for him at his last known place of business or arrangement 
 
 -abode in England, calendar months' previous notice in writ- b ^ no * ice - 
 
 ing of an intention so to do: And in the event of the 
 said arrangement being determined by the death of either party, 
 or by notice as aforesaid, the said patents, and any extension OT 
 renewal thereof, and the proceeds of the said patents to be received 
 in respect of any licences, sales, working or using of the patented 
 inventions which have been granted, effected, or taken place pre- 
 viously to such determination as aforesaid, shall, subject to the 
 payment thereout of the costs, charges, advances, interest, and 
 patent expenses as aforesaid (subject to any charge thereon under 
 the provisions hereinbefore contained in favour of the said 
 [capitalist] for unpaid advances and interest), belong to the said 
 parties hereto in equal shares; and each of the parties hereto, or 
 their respective executors, administrators, or assigns, shall thence- 
 forward be at liberty and entitled to work, use, and exercise the 
 said patented inventions, and to grant licences (not being ex- 
 clusive licences) for working and using the same, or to sell, assign, 
 or otherwise dispose of his share and interest in the said patents, 
 without being liable to account to the other of such parties, his 
 executors, administrators, or assigns, for the profits, royalties, or 
 .moneys to be derived from the same. 
 As WITNESS, &c. 
 
 11. AGREEMENT to grant EXCLUSIVE LICENCE for District 
 Condition Precedent to purchase EXPECTED CARGO of 
 RAW MATERIAL from Foreign Island for manufacture 
 of Patent commodity CONTENTS OF LICENCE as in 
 Schedule, including provisions for FURTHER PURCHASES 
 of Raw Material ANALYSIS by CHEMISTS Determina- 
 tion of Agreement in certain events (6). 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of the 
 -one part, and C. D., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS by letters Recitals, 
 patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom, dated, &c.,, 
 and numbered , the sole and exclusive licence and authority of 
 
 (&) The licence founded on this agreement is set out, post, p. 1103. 
 
 12(2)
 
 t038 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Grant of 
 patent and 
 devolution. 
 
 Concession to 
 A. B. to 
 .- M p 1 1 for, 
 &c. raw ma- 
 terial from 
 foreign 
 island. 
 
 Raw material 
 suitable for 
 the invention. 
 
 C. D. in 
 
 business. 
 
 C. D.'s desire 
 to obtain 
 licence for 
 certain coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Cargo of raw 
 material in 
 course of 
 shipment to 
 A. B. 
 
 making, using, exercising, and vending in the United Kingdom,,, 
 the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an invention for, &c. [name 
 of invention], were granted to [A. B.], his executors, adminis- 
 trators, and assigns, for the term of fourteen years from the - 
 
 day of , 19 (c) . [Recite devolution (if any] of title] (d) . AND- 
 
 WHEREAS by an instrument in writing or acte d'autorite dated, 
 &c., under the seals of , &c. (hereinafter called " the said con- 
 cession"), the said A. B. has obtained from the Government of 
 - the sole and free right and liberty to search, dig for, obtain, 
 and take away in and from the Island of - - in the - - Sea 
 within the limits therein mentioned all kinds of, &c. [name of 
 raw material], subject to such royalties or duties as therein men- 
 tioned, for the term of seven years from the day of de- 
 
 terminable and renewable as therein provided: AND WHEREAS the 
 said [raw material] is the principal ingredient for the manufacture 
 of, &c. [the patent material], and usually contains a considerable 
 proportion of - - acid: AND WHEREAS the said O. D. is estab- 
 lished at - - aforesaid as a manufacturer of chemicals of various 
 kinds: AND WHEREAS the said C. D. is willing to take a sole 
 and exclusive licence from the said A. B. to manufacture chemicals 
 according to the said invention and to sell the same (e~) within the 
 
 counties of , &c., &c., and the said A. B. is willing to grant the 
 
 same upon the terms hereinafter appearing: AND WHEREAS the 
 said A. B. has been advised by his agents at the said Island that 
 a quantity of the said [raw material] not exceeding probablj- 
 
 (c) "subject to the said A. B. filing a complete specification 
 of the said invention, and otherwise as therein provided," 
 
 or, if complete specification already filed 
 
 " subject to a condition for making void the same if the speci- 
 fication filed by the said A. B. was not a complete one, and 
 otherwise as therein provided." 
 
 (d) E.g. "And whereas the said A. B. is entitled under an 
 assignment, dated, &c., and made between, &c., to the said in- 
 vention and letters patent, and the exclusive benefit thereof re- 
 spectively." 
 
 (e) A licence to "manufacture" patent articles within a district in- 
 cludes the right to sell the same within the district, and the sale thereof 
 carries with it the right to use the articles in any part of the whole 
 area covered by the patent, unless the patent provides otherwise.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1039 
 
 - tons is being shipped bj the vessel Neptune for delivery to 
 the said A. B., and may be expected to arrive in the Thames about 
 the end of - next : AND WHEREAS it was one of the said terms Payment of 
 that the said O. D. should pay to the said A. B. the sum of - consideration 
 which sum has already been paid, and the receipt whereof is hereby for this agree- 
 acknowledged. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows: ment ' 
 
 1 . The said licence shall be granted as from the date on which Licence to be 
 the said O. D. shall have completed the purchase of the said cargo 
 
 now in course of shipment as aforesaid as hereinafter provided, and cargo by 
 shall be for the residue of the term of fourteen years comprised in 
 the said patent and any extension thereof. 
 
 2. The prices to be paid by the said C. D. for the different quali- Prices in cash 
 ties of material comprising the said cargo shall be paid in cash amounTof 
 after the said cargo shall have been analysed as hereinafter pro- ~ , a id 
 vided and delivered to the said O. D. free ex ship in the River analysis in 
 Thames, and shall be as follows, namely, for such quantity thereof m aterfal 8 
 as after analysis aforesaid shall be found to contain not less than 
 
 - per cent, of - acid the price of -- per ton, and for such 
 quantity as shall be found as aforesaid to contain less than - per 
 cent, and not less than - per cent, of - acid a price per ton 
 less than the said sum of - in the proportion thereto .which 
 such lesser percentage of - acid shall bear to the - percentage 
 thereof, and any quantity of the said cargo found as aforesaid to 
 contain less than - - per cent, of - - acid may be refused by 
 the said 0. D. 
 
 3 . Any difference between the parties as to the percentage of Analysis by 
 acid in the different quantities of material aforesaid com- 
 
 prising such cargo shall be referred to the arbitration of some 
 competent and well-known chemist in Great Britain, or of two 
 such chemists, one to be appointed by each party hereto, and 
 Clause 9 hereof shall with the necessary modifications be ap- 
 plicable to any such reference. 
 
 4. The said licence shall contain covenants and provisions to Terms of 
 the effect of those mentioned in the schedule hereto (/), and (to- 
 gether with a counterpart thereof which shall be duly executed and 
 delivered by the said O. D.) shall be prepared by the solicitors of 
 the said A. B., and all expenses attending the preparation and 
 
 (/) Or state that the said licence shall be in the form set out in the 
 schedule hereto. For this form, see post, p. 1103.
 
 1040 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Agreement 
 may be deter - 
 mined by 
 C. D. in 
 certain events. 
 
 Agreement 
 determined by 
 A. B. if C. D. 
 not purchase 
 first cargo 
 subject to 
 right of 
 action for 
 damages. 
 
 Death of 
 C. D. before 
 completion to 
 cancel agree- 
 ment and 
 result there- 
 from. 
 
 Service of 
 notices. 
 Arbitration 
 clause. 
 
 execution of this agreement and of the said licence and counter- 
 part shall be borne by the parties equally. 
 
 5 . If from any cause whatever the said or any similar cargo- 
 from the said Island shall not be delivered subject to analysis afore- 
 said at or before the - - day of - - next, or such analysis shall 
 disclose that not more than - tons thereof shall be suitable for 
 purchase as aforesaid, the said 0. D. may refuse to purchase the 
 same or any part thereof, or accept the said licence, and such refusal 
 shall operate to determine this agreement as from the said - 
 day of - - next, and in that case the said O. D. shall have no 
 claim against the said A. B. in respect of the payment of the said 
 
 sum of or for damages or compensation in respect of such. 
 
 non-delivery or otherwise, and if the said letters patent shall 
 from any cause whatever before the grant of the said licence 
 become wholly or partially and substantially void and be incapable 
 of being restored, this agreement shall thereupon become void, and 
 the said C. D. shall be entitled to the return of the said sum of 
 but without interest thereon or any costs, damages or com- 
 pensation whatever. 
 
 6 . If the said C. D . shall for one calendar month after he shall 
 have received notice in writing from or on behalf of the said A . B . 
 that the said first cargo has arrived, omit or refuse to concur in 
 the analysis thereof as aforesaid, or after such analysis shall have 
 been made to purchase the same or part thereof as aforesaid, the 
 said A. B. shall be at liberty to treat this agreement as determined, 
 without prejudice to his right of action for damages on account of 
 such omission or refusal. 
 
 7. The death of the said C. D. before the amount of purchase- 
 money payable in respect of the said first cargo shall have been 
 ascertained, or before the said licence shall have been granted, shall 
 operate to cancel this agreement as from the date of such death,; 
 and in that case no claim for compensation or payment or return 
 of moneys (except the repayment of the said purchase-money if thd 
 same shall then have been ascertained and paid) shall be made by 
 or on behalf of either party hereto or his estate against the other 
 of them or his estate by reason of such rescission. 
 
 8. Any notice intended, &c. [Use Sp. Cl. 51, post, p. 1165.] 
 
 9. If any difference shall arise between the parties hereto, other 
 than the difference referred to in Clause 3 hereof, in respect of the
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1041 
 
 construction hereof, or their respective rights, duties, or liabilities 
 hereunder, the same shall be referred to the award and deter- 
 mination of two arbitrators, to be chosen one by each party hereto, 
 and in case the said arbitrators disagree, or fail to make an award 
 
 within months after entering on the reference, or after having 
 
 been called on to act, by notice in writing from any party to the 
 submission, then to the award, umpirage, and determination of 
 such person as the said arbitrators shall appoint as umpire. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 12. AGREEMENT -for an EXCLUSIVE LICENCE to SELL 
 Articles FRENCH PATENTEE BRITISH PATENT to be 
 obtained in JOINT NAMES and then VESTED IN LICENSOR, 
 SUBJECT to a COVENANT TO GRANT the Licence LICENSEE 
 FIRST TO ESTABLISH HIS BUSINESS, and BUY a certain 
 number of ARTICLES from FRENCH FACTORY TERMS OF 
 LICENCE as in Schedule, including as to MONTHLY SUP- 
 PLY of Articles by LICENSOR (g) . 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of the 
 
 one part, and C. D., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS the said Recitals. 
 
 A.B. is entitled to a Brevet d'Invention dated. &c., and numbered, A. B. entitled 
 
 to French 
 &c., granted to him for the sole and exclusive privilege of using patent. 
 
 and vending within the Republic of France a certain invention 
 described as, &c., for the term of fifteen years from the - day of 
 
 - 19 : AND WHEREAS the said C. D. at his own expense in Complete pro- 
 pursuance of an agreement in this behalf and with a view to the t ^^ n t ~ n i s 
 execution of this agreement obtained in his own name on the country by 
 
 - day of - last the acceptance of a complete specification na me as 
 numbered - - of the said invention for the United Kingdom and a ent - 
 Isle of Man: AND WHEREAS the said A. B. is established at - A. B. 
 
 in the Department of - aforesaid in the business of manuf actur- j^an^as 
 
 ing articles according to the said invention : AND WHEREAS it was manufacturer 
 
 ... . , of the patent 
 
 also agreed that the said U. D. should in consideration 01 the articles. 
 
 trouble and expenditure of moneys by him in respect of the said C. D. desirous 
 (j7) The licence founded on this agreement will be found at p. 1109.
 
 104'J 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 exclusive 
 
 to *ell the 
 
 Operative 
 part 
 
 vested in 
 
 C D to 17 ' 
 t-stabiish him- 
 
 ness'of selling 
 the articles. 
 
 C. D. ready 
 
 su'f 1 forfir8t 
 
 After A. B. 
 
 British ' 
 patent, &c. 
 he shall 
 supply C. D. 
 
 of articles at 
 schedule. 
 
 Duration of 
 
 licence and 
 
 contents as in 
 schedule. 
 
 application as aforesaid have the sole and exclusive right within 
 the United Kingdom and Isle of Man as hereinafter provided to 
 se n articles manufactured as aforesaid by the said A. B. and to 
 be supplied by him to the said C. D. NOW IT IS HEREBY 
 AGREED as follows:- 
 
 1. The said C. D. shall at his own expense as speedily as may 
 be obtain a grant of the British patent in the joint names of the 
 parties hereto and then forthwith release his interest therein to the 
 ***& A. B. subject to the terms of this agreement hereinafter con- 
 tained(A). 
 
 2. Within - - calendar months from the date hereof, the said 
 C. D. shall establish himself in the metropolis of London in the 
 business of selling the said articles. 
 
 3. AS soon as the British patent shall be obtained and vested in 
 the said A. B. as aforesaid, and the said A. B. or any person -or 
 persons deputed by him for this purpose shall be satisfied that the 
 said 0. D. is in a position to commence the said business, and on 
 payment by him to the said A. B. of the purchase-money for the 
 first quantity of articles to be supplied to him as hereinafter pro- 
 vided, the said A. B. shall execute a licence to the said C. D. in 
 the terms hereinafter mentioned. 
 
 4. As soon as the British patent shall be vested in the said A. B. 
 and he shall be satisfied that the said C. D. is in a position to corn- 
 
 nience the said business, he shall supply the said C. D. with 500 
 
 .,. , . . ,. ir> i 
 
 of the said articles in equal quantities according to the nve classes 
 
 thereof, and any further quantity not exceeding 1000 in number 
 of all or any classes or class thereof as the said C. D. shall require, 
 an d all such articles shall be paid for in cash at the respective 
 prices mentioned in the first part of the schedule hereto. 
 
 5 ^ ^hc said licence shall be granted for the residue of the term 
 
 . . . 
 
 to be comprised in the British patent and any extension thereof (i) 
 
 (A) 0. D. may be supposed to be unwilling to be ousted from his position 
 as an applicant. By becoming a co-grantee, and then releasing his in- 
 terest, subject to a covenant by the inventor to grant the licence, he 
 makes sure of the licence as nearly as may be. It is to be presumed, 
 however, that this agreement, if under seal, would operate as a full licence 
 after the grant of the patent and the performance of the conditions 
 precedent, if no formal licence should be granted, and that the agreement 
 could be registered in due course accordingly. 
 
 (i) As to applications for extensions, see sect. 18 of the Act of 1907.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 
 
 1043 
 
 and shall contain covenants or provisions to the effect of those 
 mentioned in the second part of the schedule hereto and, &c. [As 
 in Clause 4 of last Precedent.] 
 
 6. This agreement shall determine if the British patent shall Agreement to 
 
 111 i i p i j> i " determined 
 
 irom any cause not attributable to the neglect or default 01 the in certain 
 said C. D. to obtain the same not be obtained at all, or if the events - 
 said C.D. shall become bankrupt, or commit any act of bankruptcy 
 whether available for adjudication or not, or if the said A. B. shall 
 omit or refuse to supply the said articles as mentioned in Clause 4, 
 or to grant the said licence, but the party determining this agree- 
 ment for any cause aforesaid shall give the other weeks' 
 
 previous notice in writing for the purpose, and any determination 
 -of this agreement shall be without prejudice to any cause of action 
 which may have then already accrued to either party hereunder. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (fe). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 First Part. 
 [Price of Articles.] 
 
 Second Part. 
 [Provisions in Licence.] 
 
 13. AGREEMENT for SALE on the HIRE SYSTEM of a 
 Patent (EXCLUSIVE LICENCE until ASSIGNMENT) Pay- 
 ment of ANNUAL SUMS No ROYALTIES . 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made, &c. BETWEEN A.B., of, &c., of the one 
 part, and C. D., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS the said A. B. 
 claims to be entitled to the patent mentioned together with the 
 invention comprised therein in the schedule hereto: AND WHEREAS 
 the said C. D. is desirous of purchasing the said invention and 
 patent, and the exclusive benefit of all improvements or additions 
 to the said invention, or any new discovery useful for the manu- 
 facture of now (if at all) in the knowledge and possession of 
 
 (A;) This agreement had better be under seal, in order to operate as a 
 full licence, if necessary. (See note (h), ante.) 
 
 For clause as to service of notices, see Sp. Cl. 51, p. 1165.
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Exclusive 
 licence to 
 time of com- 
 pletion in 
 consideration 
 of payment 
 of first in- 
 stalment and 
 of agreement 
 to pay the 
 others. 
 
 Annual pay- 
 ments, when 
 to be made. 
 
 With interest 
 on any sum 
 in arrear 
 other than 
 last instal- 
 ment. 
 
 or which may hereafter be made by the said A. B. for the sum of" 
 
 , and until payment of the whole of such sum, of obtaining 
 
 a sole and exclusive licence in respect of the said invention, patent 
 and other premises aforesaid upon the terms hereinafter appearing. 
 NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED as 
 follows: 
 
 1 . In consideration of the sum of (I) now paid by the 
 
 said C. D. to the said A. B. (the receipt whereof is hereby ac- 
 knowledged) and of the payments respectively of the four annual 
 
 sums of - - and - as hereinafter provided 
 
 (which suras together with the said sum of - make up the 
 
 said sum of ), the said C. D. shall be entitled from the 
 
 date hereof to the sole and exclusive licence to use, work and 
 vend the invention and patent mentioned in the schedule hereto 
 for the period or successive periods hereinafter mentioned, and 
 subject thereto and otherwise as hereinafter provided to an assign- 
 ment of the same absolutely. 
 
 2. The said C. D. shall pay to the said A. B. the said sums 
 
 of and respectively at the following dates, 
 
 namely, the sum of on the day of , 19 (m), the sum 
 
 of on the day of - , 19 , the sum of - on the 
 
 - day of - , 19 , and the sum of on the day 
 
 of- 
 
 , 19 . And in case any sum aforesaid or part thereof shall 
 become in arrear for one calendar month (whether demanded or 
 not), shall also pay to the said A. B. interest on such sum or part 
 thereof in arrear at the rate of five per cent, per annum from the 
 day "herein appointed for payment until the actual time of payment 
 thereof. 
 
 Clauses 
 37. 
 
 [For Clauses 3 7 as to non-assignment, &c. without consent, 
 not disputing the validity of the patent, detecting and giving notice 
 of infringements, payment of fees, &c. and defence of patent, &c. r 
 use Precedent 32, post, p. 1099] (n). 
 
 (I) This sum is to be the smallest of the instalments. 
 
 (m} The four dates above mentioned are to be at the end of the first, 
 second, third, and fourth years respectively from the date of the agree- 
 ment. 
 
 (n) Sec also contents of Precedent 36, p. 1116. In the above list, cove-
 
 AGREEMENTS. 
 
 8. The said C. D. shall be entitled during the continuance of 
 
 -,-,. 11 i i i mente, addi- 
 
 tho said licence to the sole and exclusive right to every improve- tions, &c. to 
 
 ment in or addition to the said invention, and to every new 
 
 discovery useful for the manufacture of , which now are (if 
 
 at all) in the knowledge and possession of or which hereafter may 
 be made by the said A. B. [either solely or in conjunction with 
 any other person or persons, but in the latter case subject to his 
 or their rights therein respectively], as if every such improvement, 
 addition or discovery were part of the said invention, but shall 
 not be at liberty during the same period, unless at his own expense, 
 
 (to the extent however of at most) to require any patent to 
 
 be taken out in respect thereof (o), and further the said C. D. 
 shall, if he shall become entitled to an assignment of the said 
 invention and patent as hereinafter provided, be also entitled sub- 
 ject to [the rights (if any) of any such person or persons and to] the 
 
 payment by him to the said A. B. of the sum of , less the 
 
 amount of any expenses then already paid by the said C. D. in 
 respect of the grant of any patent taken out as aforesaid, to an 
 assignment at his own expense of the exclusive benefit of any 
 such improvement, addition, or discovery, and of the patent (if 
 any) granted in respect thereof, and to require the said A. B. free 
 of expense to the said 0. D. except as aforesaid, to take out or join 
 with the said C. D. [and all other necessary parties (if any)] in 
 taking out any such patent if the same shall not be then already 
 granted. PROVIDED ALWAYS that the said A. B. shall give notice 
 in writing to the said C. D. of any such improvement, invention, 
 or discovery, immediately after the same shall be made by the said 
 A. B. [as aforesaid], and shall, at the expense of the said O. D. as 
 to costs out of pocket (if any) occasioned thereby, communicate 
 and explain the same to the said C. D. as shall be reasonably re- 
 quired by him. PROVIDED ALSO that if the said C. D. shall for 
 weeks after the receipt of any such notice omit to require the 
 
 nants as to the use of the patent mark, the non-amendment of the speci- 
 fication, the non-subsistence of other licences, and the non-user by A. B. 
 of the invention, are omitted for the sake of brevity, and as being more 
 easily dispensed with than the others. 
 
 (o) As C. D. may not become entitled to an assignment of the existing 
 patent, he can hardly require a patent to be taken out at the expense of 
 A. B. for any improvement, &c., but will be entitled to the use of the 
 latter during the licence.
 
 1046 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 On payment 
 of all moneys 
 the purchaser 
 is to be en- 
 titled to an 
 assignment. 
 
 Payments to 
 cease or 
 (pending ap- 
 peal) be sus- 
 pended if 
 patent void, 
 but final 
 oesser to be in 
 satisfaction of 
 damages. 
 Power of 
 C. D. to 
 determine by 
 
 said A. B. to make any such communication and explanation (if 
 
 not then already made), or shall for: weeks after the same shall 
 
 be made omit to give bhe said A. B. notice in writing of his 
 intention to obtain the benefit of any such improvement, addition, 
 or discovery, and any patent in respect thereof, according to the 
 terms aforesaid, or if bhe said C. D. after having become entitled to 
 the assignment of the said invention and patent as hereinafter 
 provided, and also to the benefit lof any such improvement, addition, 
 or discovery, and any patent in respect thereof as aforesaid, shall, 
 for the space of - - days after notice in writing shall have been 
 served on him by the said A. B. requiring him so to do, m'ake 
 
 default in payment of the said sum of , the said A. B. 
 
 shall be at liberty at any time thereafter to cancel the agreement 
 aforesaid, to assign the benefit of such improvement, addition, or 
 discovery, and any patent in respect thereof. 
 
 9. As soon as all the said sums of - and 
 
 and interest (if any) shall have been paid, the said C. D. shall be 
 entitled at his own expense to an assignment of the said inven- 
 tion and patent (p) absolutely, and such assignment shall contain 
 covenants by the said A. B. as to his title to the patent as 
 beneficial owner, and also a covenant by him limited to his own 
 acts and defaults as to the validity thereof, which covenants re- 
 spectively are also to be implied herein, and to operate as from the 
 date hereof, and also a covenant and provisoes in the terms of 
 Clause 8 as to any improvements, additions, or new discoveries 
 aforesaid, then already or thereafter to be made by the said A. B., 
 or in such of the said terms as may be unperformed at the date of 
 such assignment so far as they shall be applicable thereto. 
 
 10. If the said patent shall from any cause become wholly, or 
 as to some material part of the said invention void, the unpaid 
 balance not then already due of the said purchase-money, &c. 
 [Use Clause 2 of Licence, post, p. 1118, writing " agreement " for 
 " licence," and " yearly day " instead of " half -yearly day."] 
 
 11. The said C. D. may determine this agreement by serving 
 the said A. B. with three calendar months' notice in writing for 
 this purpose, expiring on or at any time before the said day 
 
 (p) The assignment of these existing patents for improvements, &c., is 
 provided for by Clause 8.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1047 
 
 of - , 19 (q\ and paying to him at or before the time .fixed notice before 
 for such determination all moneys (if any) then already due here- men t but one 
 under, but such determination shall be without prejudice to any due - 
 right of action by either party then already accrued hereunder (r) . 
 
 12. Provided always that if the said O. D. shall make default Vendor may 
 for two calendar months in payment of any one of the said annual Default ii 
 
 sums of or , or any part thereof, or for three payment of 
 
 calendar months in payment of the said sum of or any part ment! 18 
 
 thereof, whether any such sum or part shall be demanded or not, 
 
 then the said A. B. may at any time after such default by notice in 
 writing served on the said O. D. rescind this agreement, without 
 prejudice to the recovery of any moneys then already due to him in 
 
 respect of the said sums of or (s), or any interest 
 
 thereon as aforesaid respectively, or to any right of action then 
 already accrued to either party hereunder other than in respect of 
 the said sum of . 
 
 13. An acknowledgment and undertaking by the said A. B. Production, 
 under sect. 9 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1881 patent*, 
 shall as to every patent for the time being comprised herein until 
 
 an assignment shall be made thereof as aforesaid be implied 
 herein. 
 
 14. Except where in any case the context requires a different Transmission 
 
 -i A -r. i clause, 
 
 interpretation the expression the said A. B. or the said 
 
 C. D.," or any other expression designating the same person, 
 wheresoever used herein, shall extend and be construed to apply 
 also as far as possible to the assigns of the person so designated () . 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (w). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 (q) The day fixed for the payment of the last instalment but one, 
 namely, . This is, of course, a matter of arrangement. 
 
 (r) There will be no apportionment of any annual sum on determina- 
 tion, as such sums are not in the nature of income. The Apportionment 
 Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Viet. c. 35), s. 1, only applies to periodical payments 
 in the nature of income. 
 
 (s) Instead of rescinding, .the vendor can sue for specific performance. 
 
 () A licence is not assignable unless its terms so permit. 
 
 (w) The agreement should be under seal in respect of the licence, and 
 for the purpose of being notified on the register. 
 
 For a clause as to service of notices, see Sp. Cl. 51, p. 1165.
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Recitals. 
 Claim to 
 invention. 
 
 Desire of 
 C. D. to 
 
 acquire the 
 patent. 
 
 Orant of 
 exclusive 
 licence until 
 completion of 
 purchase. 
 
 Royalties 
 payable half- 
 yearly on 
 manufacture. 
 
 Accounts 
 kept., inspec- 
 tion, furnish- 
 ing of 
 
 accounts and 
 verification. 
 
 14. AGREEMENT for SALE ON THE HIRE SYSTEM of a 
 Patent (varying last Precedent) EXCLUSIVE LICENCE 
 until Assignment Premium ROYALTIES half-yearly 
 until total fixed MINIMUM paid. 
 
 AN AGREEMENT made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of the 
 one part, and C. D. of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS the said 
 A. B. claims to be entitled to the patent mentioned together with 
 the invention comprised therein in the first schedule hereto: AND 
 WHEREAS the said C. D. is desirous of purchasing the said in- 
 vention and patent, and all improvements or additions to the said 
 invention, or other discoveries useful for the manufacture of - , 
 now (if at all) in the knowledge and possession of or which may 
 hereafter be made by the said A. B., and until completion of the 
 purchase of obtaining a sole and exclusive licence in respect of the 
 said invention, patent and other premises aforesaid upon the terms 
 hereinafter appearing. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as 
 follows: 
 
 1 . In consideration of the sum of this day paid by the 
 
 said C. D. to the said A. B. (the receipt whereof is hereby acknow- 
 ledged), and also in consideration of the covenants for payment of 
 royalties and otherwise as hereinafter expressed, the said C. D. 
 shall be entitled from the date hereof, &c. [as in Clause 1 of last 
 Precedent]. 
 
 2. The said C. D. shall for each half-year ending on the - 
 
 day of - , or day of during the continuance of this 
 
 agreement pay to the said A. B. for every manufactured .by 
 
 the said C. D. or his sub-licensees (if any) under the said licence 
 the royalty mentioned in the second schedule hereto, according to 
 the size and description of the said . 
 
 3. The said C. D. shall keep at his usual place of business all 
 proper books of account, and shall make true and complete entries 
 therein at the earliest opportunities of all particulars necessary 
 or convenient for the purposes hereof relating to the manufacture 
 and sale of the [articles] made according to the said invention, and 
 the licences [or sub-licences] granted in respect thereof, and all 
 other dealings by him with or in relation to the said invention 
 and patent rights subject hereto, and to the said business, or any 
 of them, and shall balance his accounts at the end of each half- 
 year aforesaid; and shall at all times during the continuance and
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1 0411 
 
 for the purposes hereof produce the said books to the said A. B. 
 or his agents or agent, and suffer him or them to inspect and make 
 copies of or extracts from the said books or any of them as and 
 when reasonably required by him or them, and shall give the said 
 A. B. or his agents or agent all information, and, at the expense 
 of the said A. B., evidence by stututory declaration or otherwise 
 as to the truth of any particulars aforesaid as and when reasonably 
 required by him or them [and shall pay the charges and expenses 
 
 (not exceeding ) of a chartered accountant (if any) employed 
 
 by the said A. B. for any half-year to investigate the said books 
 and state of the said business for the purposes aforesaid]; and 
 shall at the end of each half-year aforesaid send to the said A . B . 
 a full account and balance sheet for such half-year. 
 
 [For Clauses 4 and 5 as to manufacture according to the speci- 
 fication, and inspection of factory, use Precedent 31, post, p. 1098; 
 and for Clauses 6 10 as to non-assignment, &c. without consent, 
 not disputing the validity of the patent, detection, &c. of in- 
 fringements, payment of fe*es, dbc., and defence of patent, &c., 
 use Precedent 32, post, p. 1100.] 
 
 11. The said C. D. shall be entitled during the continuance of improve- 
 the said licence to the sole and exclusive right, &c.[ Clause 8 of last P 1611 * 8 - & ?- to 
 
 DG comprised 
 
 Precedent as to Improvements, &c^\ \ herein. 
 
 12. If after taking the accounts for any half-year it shall be Assignment 
 
 found that the total amount of royalties from the date hereof up on P a 7 m f nt 
 
 "J * oi royalties 
 
 to the end of such half-year received by or payable to the said up to fixed 
 
 A. B. equals or exceeds the sum of , the said C. D. shall then 
 
 be entitled at his own expense, subject to the satisfaction by him 
 of all moneys then due hereunder, to an assignment of the said 
 invention and patent absolutely, and such assignment shall contain 
 covenants by the said A. B. &c. [ As in Clause 9 of last Precedent] 
 but until satisfaction of all moneys for the time being due here- 
 under, the said C. D. shall, before the execution of the said assign- 
 ment, continue to pay royalties as hereinbefore provided (a;). 
 
 13. If the said patent shall before the time when the said C. D. Royalties 
 shall first become entitled to an assignment thereof as aforesaid Curing ** 
 
 proceedings, 
 
 (x] The interim royalties might be considered as somewhat in the nature 
 of interest on the purchase-money.
 
 1050 PATENTS. 
 
 or to cease if become wholly or as to some material part of the said indention- 
 declared void, void, no royalties not then payable by reason of any - - already 
 but final manufactured by the said C. D. or his sub-licensees (if any) shall 
 
 ccssor co DA in 
 
 satisfaction of become payable, either at all, and in that case this agreement shall 
 absolutely determine, without prejudice to the payment of all 
 moneys then already due, or to any right of action by either party 
 then accrued hereunder, or (in the event of a successful appeal 
 from any judgment revoking the said letters patent), during the 
 period only for which such judgment shall remain in force; and 
 in the event of such an appeal, the right of the said A. B. to the 
 payment of the suspended and continuing royalties shall revive. 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS that the final oesser of payment as aforesaid 
 shall be deemed satisfaction in full to the said 0. D. of any claim 
 by him for damages or compensation by reason of the said letters 
 patent having become void as aforesaid. 
 
 Licensor may 14. Provided always that if the said 0. D. shall make default 
 a^eemenUn ^ or one calendar month in payment of any royalties due here- 
 certain events, under, or shall commit a breach of any other of his obligations 
 hereunder, and (where such breach is capable of being made good) 
 
 shall for the space of days after he shall have been served by 
 
 the said A. B. with a notice in writing requiring him to make 
 good the same omit so to do, or shall become bankrupt, or com- 
 mit an act of bankruptcy, whether available for adjudication or 
 not, or shall not in any half-year aforesaid manufacture by him- 
 self or his sub-licensees (if any) of the said articles at least 
 
 according to the said invention, or any improvement or addition, 
 thereto, or new discovery as aforesaid, then the said A. B. may at 
 any time thereafter, before the said O. D. shall become entitled to- 
 the assignment of the said invention and patent as aforesaid, by 
 notice in writing served on the said O. D. forthwith rescind 
 this agreement, but such rescission shall operate without prejudice- 
 to the recovery by the said A. B. of any royalties or other moneys 
 due at the time thereof, or to any right of action by either party 
 then already accrued hereunder (^/) . 
 Acknowiedg- [p or a Clause as to service of notices use Sv. Cl. 51. p. 1165, 
 
 iiit-iir. &c. and "L , _j T 
 
 transmission and for Clauses as to acknowledgments, &c. of the patents, and the 
 
 clauses. 
 
 (y) As the licensee need only stop using the invention, in order to avoid 
 further liabilities, no power is given for him to determine the agreement.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1051 
 
 Transmission Clause, see the last two Clauses of the last 
 Precedent.'] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 
 15. AGKEEMENT forming a SYNDICATE to PURCHASE a 
 CONTRACT FOR SALE of a PATENT, and to sell the Contract 
 or Patent to a Company or otherurise. 
 
 AN AGEEEMENT made, &c. BETWEEN A. B. of, &c.,and C. D., 
 of, &c., of the one part, and the several persons whose signatures, 
 addresses and descriptions are given in the schedule hereto of 
 the other part: WHEREAS [recite the grant, title and ownership of Recitals. 
 the patent]: AND WHEREAS by a contract in writing dated, &c. Title of 
 and made between E. F. (hereinafter called the "vendor") of owners, 
 the one part, and the said A . B . of the other part, the vendor hath Contract to 
 agreed with the said A. B. for the sale to him at the price of 8elltoA - B - 
 of the said patent, together with the benefit of improve- 
 ments or additions thereto, and any discovery relating to the 
 
 manufacture of made or acquired by the vendor as therein 
 
 mentioned : AND WHEREAS on the execution of the said contract A. B. paid 
 
 the said A. B. paid the vendor the sum of part of the said de P 81t - 
 
 price: AND WHEREAS the several persons parties hereto have agreed ^' gr ^^ t 
 to unite in purchasing the benefit of the said contract, and to form hereto to 
 themselves into a syndicate for that purpose. NOW IT IS purchasing- 
 HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED as follows: contract. 
 
 1 . A syndicate is hereby established between the several persons Syndicate 
 parties hereto (hereinafter called the "subscribers") for the formed ' 
 purpose of acquiring the benefit of the said contract. 
 
 2. The capital of the syndicate shall be the sum of , Capital and 
 
 which shall be considered as divided into shares of - 
 
 each, and shall be subscribed for by the respective subscribers in 
 the number ,of shares mentioned opposite their respective signa- 
 tures in the schedule hereto. 
 
 '3. The said A. B. and C. D. shall be trustees of the syndicate, A.B. and 
 with power to make calls on the subscribers from time to time on trustees and 
 
 B. VOL. II. 13 their power,.
 
 1052 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 A. B. to be 
 credited with 
 Hum on his 
 shares as 
 consideration 
 of assigning 
 contract. 
 
 First call. 
 
 A. B. to 
 assign as 
 
 soon as 
 
 shares 
 subscribed . 
 
 Sale to 
 persons 
 or company 
 authorised 
 with power 
 for trustees to 
 form latter. 
 
 No dealings 
 with contract 
 or patents 
 other than by 
 sale except 
 with consent 
 of meeting. 
 Convening of 
 meeting-". 
 
 their respective shares, and to receive all moneys paid thereon, and 
 to conduct the affaire of the syndicate in such manner as they shall 
 think fit subject as hereinafter provided. 
 
 4. As the consideration for his assignment of the said contract, 
 the said A. B. shall be credited on the books of the syndicate with 
 
 a sum of in satisfaction of calls to the like amount in the 
 
 aggregate on the - - shares subscribed for by him hereunder 
 equally between them. 
 
 5. Subject to the last clause, and as soon as - - shares shall 
 have been subscribed for, the subscribers shall pay to the said A.B. 
 
 and C. D. the sum of on each share subscribed for by them 
 
 respectively by way of call thereon. 
 
 6. The said A. B. shall, at his own expense, as soon as - 
 shares shall have been subscribed for, and iall payments made under 
 the last clause, execute and do all such assurances and things as 
 shall be necessary to vest the said contract or his interest there- 
 under in himself and the said C. D. as such trustees aforesaid. 
 
 7. At any time after the said shares shall have been sub- 
 scribed for, the trustees may sell the said contract and the benefit 
 thereof, or after having acquired the said patent may sell the 
 same in its entirety, or for any district or districts, to any private 
 person or persons, or to any firm or joint stock company with 
 limited liability, and may form or promote the formation of any 
 such company, and agree to accept as the consideration for any 
 such sale a sum in cash or fully paid-up shares or debentures of the 
 said company, or other valuable consideration as they shall think 
 fit, subject to any resolution in general meeting which may be 
 passed by the syndicate as hereinafter provided (2). 
 
 8. No dealing with the said contract or the patent otherwise 
 than by way of sale as aforesaid shall take place unless the same 
 shall have been authorised by resolution as aforesaid. 
 
 9 . Three days' notice at least of any meeting shall be given to 
 the other subscribers by the persons convening the same, who must 
 be any five at least of the subscribers generally, including or ex- 
 
 (z) As to vendors being also promoters of a company, see New Sombrero 
 Co. v. Erlanger, 3 App. Cas. 1218; British Seamless Paper Box Co., 17 
 Oh. D. 467; and Lagunas Nitrate Co. v. Lagunas Syndicate, [1899] 2 
 Ch. 392.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1053 
 
 eluding the trustees or either of them, and all meetings shall be 
 held within a radius of - miles from, &c. 
 
 10. Each share shall confer one vote, which may be given by Votes. 
 proxy in writing, and a bare majority of the votes given at any 
 such meeting shall be sufficient to pass or veto the resolution. 
 
 11. This agreement shall become void if - shares aforesaid Agreement 
 shall not be subscribed for at or before the - day of -- next.i shares not 
 
 12. Any notice intended to be served by the trustees on any 
 subscriber may be served on him personally or, &c. [See Sp. Notices how 
 CL 51, post, p. 1165.] 8erved - 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (a). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 Signatures and Addresses of Subscribers. 
 
 Number of Shares Subscribed. 
 
 16. DEED OF PARTNERSHIP for WORKING a PATENT. 
 
 'THIS INDENTURE made the - day of , 19, 
 
 BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of the one part, and C. D., of, &c., of Recitals, 
 the other part: WHEREAS the said A. B. is the sole and original Invention by 
 inventor (6) of certain improvements in the method of cleansing 
 wool and of removing the products: AND WHEREAS the said A. B. Application 
 made his application for letters patent in respect of the said patent and 
 
 invention on the day of last, and has obtained the ^"j^tion 
 
 acceptance of a complete specification in the like respect: AND accepted. 
 WHEREAS the said A. B. is possessed of divers plans, drawings, Plans, draw- 
 
 i /i f ln l= 8 > plant, 
 
 models, plant, machinery, implements, and things (hereinafter & c . owned by 
 *_ A. B. 
 
 (a) The agreement should be under seal. 
 
 (6) 0. D. will be estopped, if he executes the deed, from disputing this. 
 
 13 (2)
 
 10.34 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Agreement to 
 enter into 
 partnership. 
 
 Tfntatnut. 
 
 Nature of 
 business 
 including 
 working the 
 invention. 
 
 Partnership 
 to continue 
 during exist- 
 ence of patent 
 rights if both 
 partners so 
 long live. 
 
 Name of firm. 
 
 Determina- 
 tion by notice 
 at end of 
 fifth or sub- 
 sequent year. 
 
 A. B. at own 
 
 expense 
 
 to obtain 
 
 home patent 
 
 in joint 
 
 names and at 
 
 expense 
 
 of partnership 
 
 obtain 
 
 foreign, &c. 
 
 patents. 
 
 called " tho said implements and effects ") now lying in or about 
 the messuage and premises No. , - - Street aforesaid, which 
 he has purchased or acquired for the purpose of exhibiting, utilis- 
 ing or working the said invention, whereof an inventory signed by 
 the said A. B. has been delivered to the said C. D.: AND WHEREAS- 
 the said parties have agreed to enter into a partnership for carry- 
 ing on the business of - - and working the said invention in 
 connection therewith upon the terms hereinafter appearing. NOW 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that it is agreed and 
 declared as follows: 
 
 1. The business of the partnership shall be that of - , includ- 
 ing the using, working, and vending the said invention, and grant- 
 ing licences in respect thereof, and shall be carried on at No. , 
 Street aforesaid. 
 
 2. The partnership shall commence from the date hereof, and 
 shall continue during the term granted by the letters patent (if' 
 any) to be obtained in respect of the said invention, and any 
 extension thereof, and during the subsistence of any other patent 
 or like righto which may become subject hereto. 
 
 3. The firm shall be styled "A. B. & Co." 
 
 4. The partnership may be determined as from the end of the 
 fifth year herefrom, or any subsequent year, by either of the 
 partners, subject to the service by him on the other partner of not 
 less than six calendar months' previous notice in writing for that 
 purpose. 
 
 5. The said A. B. shall with all due speed, and at his own 
 expense, procure the said letters patent to be granted in the joint 
 names of himself and the said C. D., and at his own expense apply 
 for and obtain in his own name in trust for the firm, patents or 
 like instruments for the colonies and foreign countries mentioned 
 in the Schedule hereto, all of which countries are members of the 
 International Union (c). 
 
 (c) The letters patent might, of course, also be taken out in the name 
 of A. B. only. In that case, unless the articles provide otherwise, the 
 letters patent will become assets of the firm. In Axmann v. Lund (1874),. 
 L. E. 18 Eq. 330, it was held that where the plaintiff and defendants 
 had worked in partnership a patent which was the property of the defen- 
 dants, the plaintiff was not estopped from disputing the validity of the- 
 patent. See Muntz v. Ghrenfell, 2 Coop. 61, n.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1055 
 
 6. The said A. B. shall be entitled to receive as hereinafter pro- A. B. to 
 vided the sum of 1,000 as a consideration for one moiety of the 
 
 said letters patent and of all other patent or like rights to be a sum for one 
 obtained in respect of the said invention at home or abroad. patent. 
 
 7. The said C. D. shall, immediately after the said letters After sealing 
 patent shall be obtained as aforesaid, pay to the said A. B. the A. B.parTof 
 sum of -- part of the said sum of 1,000, but the remainder 8aid 8U but 
 thereof shall not, except as provided by Clause 17, be payable by able out of 
 the said C. D. personally, and, except as provided by Clause 18, 
 
 shall be charged on the share of the said C. D. in the capital and 
 profits of the partnership, subject to his monthly drawings under 
 'Clause 1 1 , and shall from the time of dissolution of the partner- 
 ship as to any part thereof remaining unpaid bear interest at 
 the rate of 5 per cent, per annum. 
 
 8. The capital of the partnership shall be or be considered to be Capital. 
 contributed equally by and between the partners, and shall, subject 
 
 to Clause 18, consist of the said letters patent and colonial and 
 foreign patents, and of all improvements or additions to the said 
 invention, and discoveries useful for the manufacture of - , 
 made by either partner during the partnership, and of the said 
 implements and effects, and also of a sum of - cash, which 
 shall be contributed as follows, namely - by the said A. B. 
 (he being in addition thereto credited with the sum of - as 
 the value of the said implements and effects), and - by the 
 said C. D., who shall not before the said letters patent shall bo 
 obtained and sealed be obliged to contribute any part thereof (d). 
 
 9. The bankers of the partnership shall be, &c. Bankers. 
 
 10. All outgoings of the business, including the annual sum of Outgoings, 
 - payable quarterly to the said A. B. by the partnership r " nt ' c ' 
 by way of rent for the said premises (which sum shall be deemed 
 
 to cover all rates, taxes, and assessments whatsoever, but not the 
 insurance of the said premises), shall be payable out of the capital 
 
 (d) The cash to be furnished by A. B., added to the sum representing 
 the value of the implements and effects, is, of course, to be equal to the 
 amount of cash to be furnished by C. D. As the partnership might 
 become dissolved, under Clause 18, before sealing, C. D. would by that 
 clause be probably unable to recover the full amount of his contribution, 
 as part of it at least might go in the expenses of the partnership. As 
 the patents are to be partnership assets, there seems no reason to provide 
 that licences shall only be granted by the partners jointly.
 
 1006 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Monthly 
 drawings. 
 
 All securities 
 given by firm 
 to be signed, 
 &c. by both 
 partners. 
 
 No goods sold 
 or work done 
 on credit 
 against 
 wishes of 
 other partner. 
 
 Goods bought 
 not to exceed 
 a certain 
 value unless 
 with consent 
 of both 
 partners 
 or partner 
 buying liable 
 for same. 
 
 and profits thereof, or in cose of deficiency then by the partners 
 equally. 
 
 11. After the expiration of six calendar months from the time 
 when the said letters patent shall have been obtained, the said 
 partners shall be entitled to draw out from the funds of the 
 partnership sums for their separate use respectively at .the end of 
 every ensuing calendar month, namely as to the said A. B. the sum 
 
 of , and as to the said C. D. until satisfaction of the said 
 
 sum of (e) the sum of only, and after satisfaction 
 
 thereof the sum of (/), subject to the liability at the end 
 
 of each current year for each partner to refund to the partner- 
 ship any excess of his drawings for that year over and above his 
 moiety of the net profits for that period. 
 
 12. All bonds, bills, notes, or other securities given, accepted, or 
 indorsed on account of the partnership, shall be executed, accepted, 
 signed, or indorsed by both parties in their respective names, and 
 not in the name of the firm, unless the use of such name thereto 
 respectively shall be plainly necessary for the benefit of the 
 partnership, and all such securities, except as aforesaid, not so- 
 executed, signed, or indorsed, shall be deemed to have been given 
 only on the account of the partner who alone executed, signed, or 
 indorsed the same, and not of the firm (g). 
 
 13. Each partner shall guarantee to the firm the prices due for 
 goods sold, or work undertaken or done by him or his direction,, 
 on behalf of the firm on credit, to or for the benefit of any person 
 or persons contrary to the wishes of the other partner as expressed 
 by him in writing, and shall, on the annual account day next after 
 the times when the said goods were sold or work undertaken or 
 done respectively, account for the prices thereof accordingly. 
 
 14. Any goods ordered or bought by either partner without the 
 written consent thereto of the other partner exceeding the value 
 
 of shall at the option of such other partner be either treated 
 
 as goods of the firm or as the separate property of the partner who 
 ordered or bought them, and be paid for accordingly. 
 
 (e) The balance of the 1,000. 
 
 (/) The same as A. B. 
 
 (gr) A member of an ordinary trading partnership can bind the firm 
 by drawing, accepting, or indorsing bills of exchange, or by making or 
 indorsing promissory notes in its name.
 
 AGREEMENTS. 1057 
 
 15. Proper and full accounts and valuation shall be taken and Yearly 
 made on the last day of each current year of the partnership of valuation. 
 the moneys, debts, liabilities, property, and effects of the firm, 
 
 and shall be recorded in two books, and in each thereof signed by 
 both partners within - calendar months after the end of such 
 year, and each partner shall retain one of the books, and, except 
 where any manifest error shall be found therein within six 
 calendar months after the signatures shall have been entered 
 therein as aforesaid, shall be bound by such accounts and valua- 
 tion. ! 
 
 16. The net profits of the said business shall be divided equally Equal 
 between the partners, subject as to the moiety therein of the said ^^won of net 
 C. D. to the said charge in favour of the said A. B. to balance of 
 
 17. If the partnership shall be determined by the said C. D. by Jn^^ovit of 
 notice under Clause 4, the said C. D. shall be liable personally to C.D.'s share. 
 pay to the said A. B. the said sum of -- , or such part thereof personally^ 
 as shall then remain unpaid, and the same shall together with pay balance of 
 interest thereon at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum from the date 
 
 of such determination be <a charge on the share of the said C . D . in he determines 
 
 partnership. 
 
 the capital and profits of the partnership (h*). 
 
 18. If either partner shall, before the letters patent shall be If either die 
 sealed, die, or become bankrupt, or commit an act of bankruptcy, bankrupt 
 whether available for adjudication or not, the partnership shall ^fore sealing- 
 thereupon determine, and in that case the interest of the said C. D. it shall vest 
 or his representatives in the said invention, letters patent and other ^^or hilT 
 patents or like instruments aforesaid, or the right to obtain and represen- 
 hold the same respectively, and all other (if any) inventions and 
 patent or like rights then comprised herein, and also the said 
 implements and effects or other like implements and effects then 
 belonging to the partnership, shall enure for the benefit of the said 
 A. B. or his representatives, subject to the satisfaction of all 
 liabilities (if any) of the partnership, and of all lawful claims by 
 or on behalf of the said C. D. or his representatives against the 
 assets of the partnership, or against the said A. B. or his repre- 
 
 (&) Should A.B. by misconduct try to force 0. D. to dissolve, the 
 latter should apply to the Court for an injunction against the acts com- 
 plained of. It is presumed that a judgment for dissolution in the action, 
 even if prayed for by C. D., would not involve the infliction of the above 
 personal penalty, as the dissolution would not have been effected by 
 mere notice .
 
 1058 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Option to 
 purchase de- 
 ceased part- 
 ner's share of 
 Satent if 
 eath after 
 sealing but 
 within two 
 years from 
 date hereof. 
 
 Subject 
 as aforesaid 
 surviving 
 partner may 
 purchase 
 share of 
 deceased 
 in the assets. 
 
 sentatives, in respect of any moneys brought by the said C. D. 
 into the partnership or otherwise, and accordingly the said 0. D. 
 or his representatives shall, at the request and cost of the said 
 A. B. or his representatives, execute and do all such assurances 
 and things as may be necessary or convenient for vesting the 
 entirety of the said inventions, letters patent, patents, instruments, 
 and rights, and also the said implements and effects respectively, 
 in the said A. B. or his representatives, or his or their assigns 
 as by him or them shall be reasonably required (*). 
 
 19. If the dissolution of the partnership shall take place by 
 reason of the death of either partner after the sealing of the said 
 letters patent, but within two years from the date hereof, the other 
 partner shall (but if he shall be the said C. D. then subject to his 
 satisfaction of the said balance (if any) and interest thereon from, 
 the time of such death) have the option, to be exercised by him in 
 writing within calendar months from the time of such death, 
 to purchase the interest of the deceased partner in the said inven- 
 tions, letters patent, patents, instruments and rights, and also; 
 the said implements and effects as then lately comprised in the 
 partnership at the price of . 
 
 20. Except and subject as hereinbefore provided, if either 
 partner shall die in the first year of the partnership, his executors 
 or administrators shall only be entitled to the amount of capital 
 brought in by him which shall or ought to be standing to his 
 credit in the partnership books, and not to any further sum by 
 way of profits or otherwise, except any sum or sums properly due 
 to such deceased partner in respect of his monthly drawings as 
 aforesaid, which sum or sums shall be payable on demand, but if 
 either partner shall die in any subsequent year of the partnership, 
 his executors or administrators shall be entitled to his share in the 
 partnership assets as they shall be found to have amounted to on 
 the last previous yearly day hereinbefore appointed for taking a 
 
 (t) By Clause 8, 0. D. is not obliged to bring in any moneys before 
 the sealing of the patent, and, by Clause 7, he is not, before the sealing, 
 to pay any sum for his share of the various patents. A. B., his exe- 
 cutors or administrators, or his assignees in the bankruptcy (if so) 
 should therefore, in either of the above events, be entitled to the full 
 benefit of the patents. It is to be supposed that little business will be 
 done, or liability incurred by the firm, before the sealing.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 
 
 Taluation of the said assets, and also to such sum or sums (if any) 
 as shall since such yearly day have been brought by the deceased 
 partner into the partnership, and also (in lieu of profits but subject 
 to deductions as to all intermediate monthly drawings by the 
 deceased partner as aforesaid) to interest up to the date of the 
 death of the deceased partner at the rate of five per cent, per 
 annum on the value of such share as from the same yearly day, 
 and also on such sum or sums (if any) last aforesaid as from 
 the time or respective times when the same was or were so brought 
 in, which interest respectively shall be payable by the surviving! 
 partner on demand, and the principal sum so found due to the 
 estate of the deceased partner shall be payable by the surviving 
 partner in six equal instalments at half-yearly intervals, the first 
 whereof being payable at or before the end of nine calendar months 
 from the date of the death of the deceased partner, and each 
 instalment until payment thereof shall bear interest from the 
 same date at the rate of five per cent, per annum, and the sur- 
 viving partner shall at his own expense, if and when required by 
 the said executors or administrators so to do, enter into a bond or 
 deed of covenant for payment of the said instalments and interest 
 in manner aforesaid. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (fc). 
 
 17. ASSIGNMENT of a PATENT with benefit of IMPROVE- 
 MENTS, &c. 
 
 (Ordinary Form.} 
 
 'THIS INDENTURE, made the - day of - , 19, 
 
 BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the assignor "), of 
 the one part, and C. D., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the 
 assignee "), of the other part: WHEREAS the assignor claims to have Secitak. 
 been the inventor of a process for, &c. [title of the invention (Z)]: Claim to be 
 AND WHEREAS by letters patent under the Great Seal of the _ 
 
 United Kingdom, dated, &c., and numbered , the sole and 
 
 exclusive licence and authority of making, using, exercising, and 
 
 (&) A notification of this partnership, so far as it shows that the 
 patents are to be worked by the patentees jointly, can be entered on the 
 register. See sect. 28 of the Act of 1907. 
 
 For a clause as to service of notices, use Sp. 01. 51, post, p. 1165. 
 
 (Z) Where the assignor is not the original grantee, omit this recital.
 
 1060 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 vending in the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, and Isle of 
 Man, an invention for, &c. {name the invention], were granted to- 
 [the assignor], his executors, administrators, and assigns, for the 
 term of fourteen years from the day of , 19 (m) [recite- 
 
 Devolution of derolution (if any} of title (w)]: AND WHEREAS the assignor has 
 agreed with the assignee for the sale to him at the price of 
 - of the said invention and letters patent and the exclusive 
 benefit thereof, and of all extensions (o) of the said letters 
 patent, and also (subject as hereinafter provided) of all improve- 
 ments or additions to the said invention, or discoveries useful 
 for the manufacture of - - now already (if at all) in the know- 
 ledge and possession of or which may hereafter be made by the 
 
 Te,tatum. assignor. NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that 
 in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf, and in con- 
 sideration of the sum of - this day paid to the assignor by 
 the assignee (the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged) he, 
 the assignor, as beneficial owner, doth hereby assign unto the 
 assignee ALL THOSE the said invention and letters patent, and the 
 sole and exclusive benefit thereof, and of all extensions thereof^ 
 and also all rights, powers, emoluments, and advantages whatso- 
 ever, under or in respect of the said letters patent: To HOLD, use r 
 exercise, and enjoy the said invention, letters patent, and premises 
 
 Covenant*. unto and by the asignee and his assigns absolutely (p): AND- 
 
 (m) [" subject to the [assignor] filing a complete specification 
 of the said invention or otherwise as therein provided," 
 or, if complete specification already filed, 
 
 " subject to a condition for making void the same if the speci- 
 fication filed by the [assignor] was not a complete one, and other- 
 wise as therein provided."] 
 
 (n) E.g., "AND WHEREAS the assignor is entitled, under an, 
 assignment dated, &c., and made between, &c., to the said inven- 
 tion and letters patent, and the exclusive benefit thereof respec- 
 tively." 
 
 For these three recitals there may be substituted one recital only, 
 namely, that the assignor is entitled absolutely to the letters patent men- 
 tioned in the schedule. 
 
 (o) The right of application for extensions seems to be, as formerly,, 
 in the legal owner for the time being of the patent. See definition of 
 "patentee" in sect. 93 of the Act of 1907; and as to extensions, sect. 18. 
 
 (p) The word " assigns " includes " executors and administrators," who-
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1061 
 
 THE ASSIGNOR doth hereby covenant with the assignee and his Validity of 
 assigns that, notwithstanding anything by him the assignor done, 
 omitted, or knowingly suffered, the said letters patent are now 
 valid and subsisting and not vcxid or voidable: AND ALSO that he Improve- 
 the assignor will from time to time, after making any improve- n 
 ment in or addition to the said invention, or any discovery useful 
 in the manufacture of (including any improvement, addi- 
 tion,- or discovery aforesaid now (if so) in his knowledge and 
 possession), forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the assignee 
 or his assigns, who shall be entitled to the sole and exclusive 
 benefit thereof [except as to; the personal use thereof by the 
 assignor]: And as and when reasonably required by the assignee 
 or his assigns, but at his or their expense as to the actual costs 
 (if any) occasioned thereby, communicate and explain to him 
 or them or his or their agents such improvement, addition, or 
 discovery [and will at the like expense, and also; for such remunera- 
 tion, no,!, being less than at the rate of per day, as the 
 
 purchaser or his assigns shall think fit to allow therefor, him- 
 self personally, and to the best of his ability, instruct, superin- 
 tend, and assist on any business premises of the purchaser or his 
 
 assigns, not less than workmen or other persons named by 
 
 him or them, in the process and details of the manufacture of 
 articles with the use of such improvement, addition, or discovery, 
 so as to make them proficient therein]: And will at the expense 
 
 (not exceeding, however, the sum of ) of the assignee or 
 
 his assigns, if he or they shall require the same, apply for and 
 obtain, or (if he or they shall so think fit) join with him or 
 them in applying for and obtaining letters patent in respect 
 of such improvement, addition, or discovery, and execute and do 
 all such assurances and things as shall be necessary or convenient 
 for vesting the same letters patent and the sole and exclusive 
 benefit thereof in the assignee or his assigns [subject to the per- 
 sonal use by the assignor of the invention comprised therein], as 
 by the assignee or his assigns shall be reasonably required. [AND 
 FURTHER, the foregoing provisions in this clause (including as 
 to the limit of expense to the assignee or his assigns) shall, as 
 far as possible, apply to the interest of the assignor in every such 
 
 are assigns at law. The word, however, is not strictly necessary in the 
 grant or habendum.
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 improvement, addition, or discovery aforesaid, which he may, in, 
 conjunction with any other person or persons, now have in his 
 Extensions. knowledge and possession, or hereafter make]: AND LASTLY, the 
 assignor will, at the expense of the assignee or his assigns, execute 
 and do all assurances and things necessary or convenient for 
 enabling him or them to obtain and exclusively to hold and enjoy 
 the benefit of any extension of the terms comprised in the letters 
 patent hereinbefore expressed to be assigned, or, as far as practi- 
 cable, of any term which may be comprised in any letters patent 
 which may become vested in him or thorn, according to the cove- 
 nant in this behalf hereinbefore contained, as shall be reasonably 
 required. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (q). 
 
 Parties. 
 Recitals. 
 
 Testatum. 
 Assignment. 
 
 18. ASSIGNMENT of a PATENT and all FUTURE EXTEN- 
 SIONS thereof, in CONSIDERATION of a GROSS SUM, and 
 further PERCENTAGES; such PERCENTAGES NOT to be PAY- 
 ABLE till PURCHASER has b&en RECOUPED his PURCHASE- 
 MONEY and further OUTLAY; COVENANTS by PATENTEE to 
 communicate IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19- 
 
 BETWEEN [patentee], of, &c., of the one part, and [purchaser ], of, 
 &c., of the other part: WHEREAS [recite grant of patent, dc., ut 
 ante, p. 1059]: AND WHEREAS the said [patentee] has agreed with 
 the said [purchaser] for the sale and assignment to him of the 
 said patent, and the exclusive and absolute benefit thereof, for the 
 
 sum of , and of other sums by way of percentage, or net 
 
 profits of selling and working the said invention as hereinafter 
 mentioned, and subject to the covenants on the part of the said 
 [purchaser] hereinafter contained: AND WHEREAS upon the treaty 
 for such sale, it was agreed that the said [vendor] should enter- 
 into the covenants on his part hereinafter contained. NOW THIS 
 INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that in pursuance of the said 
 agreement, and in consideration of the sum of , now paid 
 
 (g) The assignment should be executed as a deed, and should also 
 be registered. As to registration, see sects. 28 and 66 72 of the Act 
 of 1907.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1063 
 
 by tho said [purchaser] to the said [patentee], the receipt whereof 
 the said [patentee] hereby acknowledges, and of the payments by 
 way of percentage on net profits hereinafter reserved, and of the 
 covenants and agreements on the part of the said [purchaser] here- 
 inafter contained, he the said [patentee] hereby assigns, and as 
 beneficial owner, conveys unto the said [purchaser], his executors, 
 administrators, and assigns; ALL that said invention of [set out 
 title], and the said patent for the same, and the full and exclusive 
 benefit thereof, and of all improvements, extensions, and renewals 
 thereof, and all rights, powers, ,and privileges belonging to the 
 premises ; To HOLD the same unto the said [purchaser], his execu- Habendum. 
 tors, administrators, and assigns, for the residue now unexpired 
 of the said term of fourteen years, granted by the said patent, 
 and any further term to be granted by any extension or renewal 
 of the same; SUBJECT to the payment of the sums by way of per- 
 centage hereinafter mentioned and made payable, and to the per- 
 formance and observance of the covenants on the part of the said 
 [purchaser], and conditions hereinafter contained : AND the said Patentee to 
 [patentee] hereby covenants with the said [purchaser] that he ? ommumcate - 
 
 J J Lr improve- 
 
 the said [patentee] will, without any further remuneration, mentsand 
 royalties, or moneys hereinafter agreed to be paid by the said p^nts at 
 [purchaser], communicate to the said [purchaser] all improvements C08t of P u ^-* 
 which the said [patentee] may, during the continuance of the said aswgn'same to- 
 patent, and which may be assigned to, or vested in the said [pur- P urcnaser - 
 chaser], under this present covenant, invent, discover, or make, 
 for or in connection with the said invention, and also all improve- 
 ments, whether patented or not, of which the said [patentee] shall 
 become the owner, or of which the said [patentee] shall have 
 the control, and will, so far as practicable, at the request and 
 expense of the said [purchaser], render the same available for the 
 exclusive use of the said [purchaser], and do every act, deed, and 
 thing which may be necessary or expedient for obtaining and per- 
 fecting patents for all or any such improvements, and for assign- 
 ing or vesting the same to or in the said [purchaser]; And the Covenant by 
 said [purchaser] hereby covenants with the said [patentee] that if ^^ercent^ 
 and so soon as the said [purchaser], his executors, administrators, age on net 
 or assigns, shall have received out of the net profits, to be calcu- {^d as here"- 
 lated as hereinafter mentioned, arising from or by means of the inaftermen- 
 
 . . . . . . turned as soon 
 
 said invention, or such improvements as aforesaid (patents lor a s he has re- 
 which improvements shall have been assigned to, or become vested
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Purchaser to 
 pay the per-j 
 cent age half- 
 yearly. 
 
 How net pro 
 fits to be 
 calculated. 
 
 in the said [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns), 
 or from or by means of any sales, or licences, or dispositions of, 
 or dealings with the same invention, or patented improvements, 
 or otherwise, from, or by means of the using, exercising, vend- 
 ing, or making the said invention, or any such patented improve- 
 ment as aforesaid, or the said patent, the sum of , he the 
 
 said [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall pay 
 to the said [patentee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, at 
 the times, and in manner hereinafter mentioned, such a sum or 
 sums of money as shall be equal to a percentage of - per cent, 
 upon the net profits (to be calculated as hereinafter mentioned), 
 arising as aforesaid, from the time when the said [purchaser], his 
 executors, administrators, or assigns, shall have received the afore- 
 said sum of , and thenceforth during the remainder of the 
 
 period in which the said patent hereby assigned, or any such 
 patent for improvements as aforesaid as shall be assigned to or 
 become vested in the said [purchaser], his executors, administra- 
 tors, or assigns, shall continue in force: AND FURTHER, that the 
 said [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns will, so 
 soon as he or they shall have received from the net profits, arising 
 
 as aforesaid, the sum of , thenceforth twice in every year, 
 
 on the - - day of and the day of , or within 
 
 fourteen days thereafter respectively, furnish to the said [patentee] 
 an account showing the amount for the half-year, in respect of 
 which the account is furnished, of the net profits arising as afore- 
 said; and shall, within one calendar month after the date up to 
 which such half-yearly account is furnished, pay to the said 
 I [patentee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, the percentage 
 by the said account appearing to be due: AND it is hereby further 
 agreed and declared between and by the said parties hereto as 
 follows, that is to say: 
 
 1. For the purpose of calculating the moneys to be derived 
 as aforesaid, there shall .be deducted from the gross moneys received 
 from or by means of the said inventions, or such patented im- 
 provements as aforesaid, or any sales, or licences, or other dis- 
 positions and dealings with the same, or otherwise, from, or by 
 means of the using, exercising, vending, or working the inven- 
 tion, or patented improvements, or patent, which moneys are here- 
 inafter called the gross receipts, all costs, charges, losses, damages, 
 and expenses whatsoever, which the said [purchaser], his executors,
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1065 
 
 ^administrators, or assigns may have already paid or incurred, or 
 may hereafter pay or incur, in or about the keeping in force the 
 said patent hereby assigned, or in or about the obtaining, or 
 endeavouring to obtain, or the keeping in force any such patent 
 for improvements as aforesaid, or the assigning the same to the 
 aid [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns, or in 
 or about the introducing to the public the said patent, inventions, 
 and patented improvements, or any of them, or in or about any 
 such sales, licences, or other dispositions or dealings as aforesaid, 
 or in or about any legal or other proceedings, which may be taken 
 for the purpose of restraining infringement of the said patents, 
 or any of them, or for recovering damages for infringements, or 
 which may be taken in respect of any sale or proposed sale of 
 the said patents, or any interest therein, or any licence or proposed 
 licence for working the said invention and patented improve- 
 ments, or any of them, or any part thereof, or generally in &ny 
 manner in or about the said patents, or any of them, or the 
 using, exercising, vending, or working the said invention or 
 patented improvements, or any of them, or patents, all which costs, 
 charges, losses, damages, and expenses are hereinafter referred 
 to as patent expenses, together with interest at the rate of 
 per cent, per annum, upon such patent expenses respectively, from 
 the time of the payment thereof, and the difference between the 
 gross receipts for any half-year and the patent expenses for the 
 .same half-year shall be the net profits arising as aforesaid, upon 
 which the percentage aforesaid is to be paid. 
 
 2. Proper books of account shall be kept by the said [pur- Purchaser to 
 chaser], his executors, administrators, and assigns, in which true, kee P books of 
 plain, and perfect entries shall be made of all the payments, 
 expenses, and gross receipts aforesaid, and such books of account 
 shall, at all reasonable times, be open to the inspection of the 
 said [patentee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, or any 
 agent duly appointed by him or them in writing. 
 
 3 . Nothing herein contained shall be construed as obliging the Purchaser not 
 said [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns to obtain, ^ take out 
 or endeavour to obtain, any patent for any such improvements as patents for 
 aforesaid, or to accept any assignment of any patent for such 
 
 improvements, or to pay the stamp duty upon, or to defend, maintain and 
 or maintain the said patent hereby assigned, or any such patent tents, but to 
 lor improvements as aforesaid, which may be assigned to or beabsolute
 
 1066 PATENTS. 
 
 owner of pa- become vested in him, or them, in performance of the covenants 
 interference in that behalf hereinbefore contained, or to take any steps for 
 by patentee, restraining infringements of the same patents, or any of them, 
 or recovering damages for any infringement, or to make any sale 
 or sales of the said patents, or any interest therein, or to grant 
 any licence or licences for the use of the said invention, or any 
 such patented improvements as aforesaid, or any part thereof 
 respectively, or in any manner to use, exercise, vend, or work 
 the said invention, improvements or patents, or any of them; it 
 being hereby expressly agreed and declared that the said [pur- 
 chaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns, is and are and 
 shall be the absolute owners of the said patent hereby assigned', 
 and of any patent or patents for improvements which may be- 
 assigned to or vested in him or them as aforesaid, or which he or 
 they may, under the covenants aforesaid, require to be assigned 
 to him or them ; and that the said [purchaser], his executors, ad- 
 ministrators, or assigns, shall not, in regard to the said patents, 
 or any of them, be subject to any control or interference whatso- 
 ever of the said [patentee], his executors, administrators, or 
 assigns. 
 
 Neither party 4. During the continuance of the said patent hereby assigned, 
 without con- and during the continuance of any patent or patents for improve- 
 sent of other. men t s which may be assigned to or become vested in the said 
 [purchaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns as aforesaid,, 
 the said [patentee], his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall 
 not sell or dispose of the percentage payable to him or them as 
 aforesaid without the consent in writing of the said [purchaser], 
 his executors, administrators, or assigns; nor shall the said [pur- 
 chaser], his executors, administrators, or assigns sell or dispose 
 of the said patents, or any of them, without the consent in writ- 
 ing of the said [patentee], his executors, administrators, or assigns. 
 Agreement 5. Nothing herein contained shall be considered as constitut- 
 
 ing a partnership between the said parties hereto. 
 
 the 6. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as a warranty 
 implied cove- by the said [patentee], of the novelty or utility of the said inven- 
 nofJbe'con- tion > or of tll validit J of the said patent hereby assigned. 
 
 rant^of 3 *" ^ N WITNESS, &C. 
 
 validity of - 
 
 patent.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1067 
 
 19. ASSIGNMENT of a PATENT for a DISTRICT. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made,&c., BETWEEN A. B.,of,&c. (here- 
 inafter called "the assignor "), of the one part, and C. D., of, 
 &c. (hereinafter called " the assignee "), of the other part [recite Recitals, 
 as in precedent, p. 1059. ante^: AND WHEREAS the assignor has Claim to be 
 
 ... . inventor, 
 
 agreed with the assignee lor the absolute sale to him at the price Q rant 
 
 of - of the said letters patent, and every extension thereof, Devolution of 
 
 for the county of - , and also the exclusive benefit for the same title - 
 
 county of -all improvements or additions to the said invention, or Agreement to 
 
 any discovery useful for the manufacture of - - now already (if 
 
 at all) in the knowledge and possession of or which hereafter may 
 
 be made by the assignor. NOW THIS INDENTURE WIT- Tntatum. 
 
 NESSETH that in consideration, &c. (the receipt, &c.), he, the 
 
 assignor, as beneficial owner, doth hereby assign unto the assignee: 
 
 ALL THOSE the said invention and letters patent, and the sole 
 
 and exclusive benefit thereof, and of every extension thereof, and 
 
 all rights, powers, emoluments, and advantages whatsoever under 
 
 or in respect of the said letters patent for the county of , but 
 
 not elsewhere: To HOLD, use, exercise, and enjoy the said premises 
 unto and by the assignee and his assigns absolutely: AND THE Covenants. 
 ASSIGNOR doth hereby covenant with the assignee and his assigns, Validity of 
 that notwithstanding anything by him the assignor done, omitted, 
 or knowingly suffered, the said letters patent are now valid and 
 subsisting and not void or voidable : AND ALSO that he the assignor As to im- 
 will from time to time, &c. [covenant as- to improvements, &c., & V 
 as in Precedent 17, excluding the provision for taking out a 
 patent, and making the exclusive benefit to be " for the county 
 of - - aforesaid" and omitting reference to the personal use 
 by the assignor^: And that in case he the assignor shall obtain 
 letters patent in respect of any such improvement, addition, or 
 discovery, he will, at the expense of the assignee or his assigns (if 
 and when requiring him to do so), execute and do all such assur- 
 ances and things as shall be necessary or convenient for vesting the 
 same letters patent and the exclusive benefit thereof for the said 
 county in the assignee or his assigns as shall be reasonably required 
 by him or them (r} : AND ALSO that the assignor will, at the As to exten- 
 
 sions. 
 
 (r) The obligation to take out any new patent is not imposed. If the 
 district is very large or important, the assignor should be bound to 
 B. VOL.11. 14
 
 1068 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Assignor to 
 pay renewal 
 fees. 
 
 In default 
 assignee may 
 pay and be 
 repaid with 
 interest. 
 Charge on 
 interest of 
 assignor in 
 patent until 
 repayment. 
 
 Assignor not, 
 bound to pay 
 fees if assignee 
 discontinue 
 use of 
 invention. 
 
 expense of the assignee or his assigns, execute and do all assur- 
 ances and things necessary or convenient for enabling him or them 
 to obtain and exclusively hold and enjoy the benefit within the 
 said county of any extension of the terms comprised in the said 
 letters patent hereinbefore expressed to be assigned, or in any 
 letters patent intended to be comprised in the covenant in this 
 behalf hereinbefore contained as shall be reasonably required (s): 
 AND ALSO that the assignor or his assigns () will pay all fees 
 necessary for the renewal of the said letters patent respectively 
 during the respective terms comprised therein, one calendar 
 month at least before the latest times when the same can properly 
 be paid respectively, and will give the assignee or his assigns 
 written notice of every such payment immediately after the same 
 shall have been made, but in case of non-payment thereof as afore- 
 said will, if required by the assignee or his assigns, permit him 
 or them to pay the same, and any sum if so paid by him or them 
 shall be repayable on demand together with interest thereon at 
 the rate of 5 per cent, per annum from the time of payment 
 thereof, and until repayment shall together with interest afore- 
 said be a charge on the interest of the assignor and his assigns (u) 
 in the said letters patent respectively: PROVIDED ALWAYS that 
 neither the assignor nor his assigns shall be bound to pay any 
 fee for renewal of any letters patent aforesaid if the assignee or 
 
 his assigns shall for the space of calendar months within 
 
 the current year of the term comprised in such letters patent at 
 the end of which year any annual fee for renewal would become 
 
 take the patent out in the joint names of himself and the assignee, and 
 then a partition should be effected so as to vest the patent rights for 
 the district and the remainder of the area comprised in the patent in the 
 assignee and assignor respectively. 
 
 (s) The assignor does not covenant actually to apply for an extension. 
 
 () This, like each preceding covenant, is, of course, only a personal 
 covenant of the assignor, not binding on the assigns. Where the assignor 
 finally parts with all interest in the patent, he would probably obtain a 
 covenant from the assigns to perform his covenants herein, and indemnify 
 him against them. 
 
 () The assigns will be bound by this charge if they purchase, as pre- 
 sumably would be the case, with notice of it. See Werdermann v. Societe 
 iVElectricite, 19 Ch. D. 246, as explained in Bagot Pneumatic Tyre Co. 
 \. Clipper Pneumatic Tyre Co., [1902] 1 Ch. 146; Dansk Eekybriffel 
 Aktieselskdb v. Snell, [1908] 2 Ch. 127.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1069 
 
 payable (not including, however, any extension of the time of 
 
 payment thereof which might be granted on application at the 
 
 Patent Office) have practically or in fact ceased within the said 
 
 county to work by himself or themselves or his or their licensees 
 
 (if any) the patented invention in respect of which such fee would 
 
 have become payable: AND FURTHER, that neither the assignor Assignor not 
 
 nor his assigns will, without the written consent of the assignee s 
 
 or his assigns, amend or seek leave to amend the specification in without 
 force for the time being of any patented invention then comprised 
 herein, but such consent shall not be arbitrarily withheld (x) : 
 AND THE ASSIGNOR hereby acknowledges the right of the assignee Acknowledg- 
 and his assigns respectively to production of the said letters patent ^dertokin 
 hereinbefore expressed to be assigned or otherwise mentioned, and as to produc- 
 to delivery and the right to make copies thereof, and hereby 
 undertakes for the safe custody thereof (?/). 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (z). 
 
 20. ASSIGNMENT of a MOIETY of a PATENT CONDITIONS 
 
 Of SEPARATE WORKING (a). 
 
 THIS INDENTUEE, made the - day of -, 19, 
 
 BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the assignor"), of 
 the one part, and C. D., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the Recitals. 
 assignee "), of the other part [recite as in Precedent 17 as to Grant and 
 claim, grant and devolution of title]: AND WHEREAS the assignor t] 
 
 , . . . . Agreement to 
 
 has agreed with the assignee for the sale to him at the price 0* se ll moiety of 
 - of one moiety of the said invention and letters patent, and P atent - 
 all extensions thereof, upon the terms hereinafter appearing. 
 
 (x) As to amendments of specifications, see sects. 21 23 of the Act 
 -of 1907. 
 
 (y} As to this acknowledgment and undertaking, see Conveyancing Act, 
 1881, s. 9. By sect. 46, sub-s. 2, of the Act of 1907 the comptroller is 
 to keep on sale copies of all complete specifications in force. If a patent 
 is lost or destroyed, or its non-production is accounted for to the satis- 
 faction of the comptroller, he may cause a duplicate thereof to be 
 sealed (sect. 44). 
 
 (z) The assignment should be executed as a deed and be registered. 
 As to registration, see sects. 28 and 66 72 of the Act of 1907. 
 
 (a) Compare this with the next three! precedents, any one of which 
 might be made to apply to an assignment of a moiety of a patent. 
 
 14 (2)
 
 1070 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Textatmii. 
 
 Assignment 
 of moiety. 
 
 Covenant as 
 to validity. 
 
 Mutual cove- 
 nant as to 
 payment of 
 fees equally. 
 
 Excess of 
 payments 
 charged with 
 interest on 
 other party's 
 share. 
 
 Other 
 covenants. 
 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance, 
 &c. [as in Precedent 17], he the assignor, as beneficial owner, 
 doth hereby assign unto the assignee ONE EQUAL MOIETY of and 
 in the said invention and letters patent, and all extensions thereof, 
 and of and in all rights, powers, emoluments, and advantages 
 whatsoever, under or in respect of the said letters patent: To 
 HOLD the said premises unto the assignee and his assigns sub- 
 ject to the conditions hereinafter appearing: AND THE ASSIGNOR 
 doth hereby covenant with the assignee, &c. [as to the validity of 
 patent as in Precedent 17, ante]. AND IT IS HEREBY 
 AGREED AND DECLARED that the amounts of the respec- 
 tive fees for the removal of the said letters patent, and any letters 
 patent for the time being subject hereto, shall be borne equally 
 by and between the parties hereto or their respective assigns, and 
 that all sums paid by either party or his assigns in excess of his 
 one moiety of the said fees respectively shall be repayable by the 
 other party or his assigns on demand, and together with interest 
 thereon at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum from the time of 
 demand thereof, shall be a charge on the moiety of him or them 
 of the said letters patent respectively: AND ALSO that, &c. 
 
 [The following conditions may be iised if thought fit : 
 
 " Each party shall be unrestricted in the working of the patent 
 and grant of licences at royalties, and shall not be liable to account 
 for any profits or royalties receivable by him thereby or there- 
 under, but no licence except at royalties shall be granted other- 
 wise than by the parties jointly, who shall be entitled to all fines 
 and premiums thereunder in equal shares." 
 
 " The conditions in this clause shall, as far as possible, apply 
 to any patent obtained by the parties for any improvement, addi- 
 tion or discovery hereinafter mentioned." 
 
 " Each party shall from time to time, after making any im- 
 provement in or addition to the said invention or discovery useful 
 in the manufacture of - - (including any improvement, addition, 
 or discovery aforesaid now (if so) in his knowledge and posses- 
 sion), forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the other of 
 them; and, as and when reasonably required by the latter, and 
 at his expense as to actual costs (if any) out of pocket occasioned 
 thereby, communicate and explain to him or his agents such im- 
 provement, addition, or discovery; and the said other party, in 
 case the communicating party shall not intend to take out letters
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1071 
 
 patent in respect thereof, shall be entitled to use the same free 
 of charge, but in case the communicating party shall intend to 
 apply for letters patent in respect thereof, shall pay one moiety 
 
 (not, however, exceeding altogether the sum of ) of the 
 
 current costs and expenses of and attending the application for 
 and obtaining the said letters patent, and shall be entitled to be 
 made a co-applicant therefor, and the same when obtained shall 
 be held and enjoyed by the said parties in equal shares, subject 
 to the terms of these presents." 
 
 Or the more elaborate and extensive provisions of the next 
 precedent may be employed (6).] 
 
 AND THE ASSIGNOR hereby acknowledges the right of the Acknowledg- 
 assignee, &c. [Acknowledgment and undertaking, &c., as in last e *' te ^g ' as 
 precedent.'] patent. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (c). 
 
 21. ASSIGNMENT of ONE-TWELFTH SHARE of a Patent 
 Special Provisions as to each Co-owner icorking the 
 Patent separately (d] . 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called " the assignor"), of the one part, and C. D.,of, &c. 
 (hereinafter called " the assignee"), of the other part: WHEREAS (e) Recitals. 
 the assignor is entitled to the invention and letters patent men- Absolute title 
 
 i TT o i o * assignor. 
 
 tioned in the First Schedule hereto: AND WHEREAS the assignor A eement to 
 
 has agreed with the assignee for the sale to him at the price of sell one- 
 
 of one-twelfth part or share of and in the said invention and letters 
 patent, and all extensions thereof, subject as hereinafter expressed: 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance, \t Testatum. 
 &c. [PRECEDENT 17, ante] he the assignor as beneficial owner doth Assignment 
 
 , i iX /- u f of one-twelfth 
 
 hereby assign unto the assignee UNE-TWELFTH PART or snare 01 s hare O f 
 and in the said invention, &c. [use last precedent to end of covenant P atent - 
 
 (6) Where the parties are to work together there should be a partner- 
 ship deed. See Precedent, p. 1053. 
 
 (c) The assignment should be executed as a deed and registered. 
 For a clause as to service of notices, use Sp. Cl. 51, p. 1165, post. 
 
 (rt) Compare this with the preceding and also the following prece- 
 dents. The next precedent is an assignment to trustees. 
 
 (e) See Precedent 17, however, as to other recitals.
 
 1072 
 
 PATKNTS. 
 
 2nd Teat alum. 
 
 Agreement 
 and declara- 
 tion. 
 
 Renewal fees 
 paid accord- 
 ing to shares 
 and excess 
 paid by any 
 owner to be 
 charged on 
 shares of the 
 others. 
 
 No licences to 
 be granted 
 except by the 
 owners 
 jointly. 
 
 Royalties for 
 benefit of all 
 owners to be 
 paid on 
 articles manu- 
 factured by 
 each owner. 
 
 as to the validity of the patent]: AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO 
 WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the said agreement in this 
 behalf, and in consideration of the premises, IT IS AGREED 
 AND DECLARED (/) as follows:- 
 
 1. The amounts of the respective fees for the renewal of the 
 said letters patent, and any other letters patent for the time being 
 subject hereto respectively, shall be borne by and between the 
 parties hereto, or other the owners for the time being thereof 
 (hereinafter called "the owners"), in the proportion of their respec- 
 tive shares therein respectively, and any moneys paid in this respect 
 by any owner which are probably payable by any other owner 
 shall be repaid on demand, and together with interest thereon at 
 the rate of 5 per cent, per annum from the time of demand shall 
 be a charge on the share of such other owner, and if any owner 
 shall at any time or times object to continue the payment of the 
 said fees, any other owner or owners shall nevertheless be at liberty 
 to continue the payment thereof as for the remainder of the term 
 for which the same shall be payable, or any shorter period, and 
 may claim from the objecting party aforesaid repayment of his 
 proper proportion of any moneys so paid by him or them, with 
 interest thereon at the rate aforesaid, from the time of demand 
 until payment thereof, and the amount so repayable shall 
 together with interest thereon be a charge on his share aforesaid 
 accordingly . 
 
 2. No licence for the use of any invention for the time being 
 subject hereto shall be granted except by all the owners jointly, 
 who shall be entitled to all benefits thereunder in the proportion of 
 their respective shares in the letters patent relating thereto. 
 
 3. In taking any half-yearly accounts hereinafter provided to 
 be taken there shall be debited to each owner for the benefit of 
 the other owners for the time being in respect of each patent 
 article manufactured by him in the half-year then ended (<?) a 
 
 (/) As to how far these stipulations will be binding on future owners, 
 see Werdermann v. Societe d'Electricite, 19 Oh. D. 246, as explained in 
 Bagot Pneumatic Tyre Co., [1902] 1 Ch. 146. 
 
 (0) Or say (if so intended) 
 
 "manufactured and in the half-year then ended sold by him." 
 It may be more convenient to fix the royalty on the manufacture, so as 
 to avoid the provisions in Clause 8a as to articles in hand at end of the 
 term. The royalty in either case may, for convenience at least, be taken
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1078 
 
 royalty of - - shillings less his proportion thereof according to 
 his share in the letters patent, which royalty less as aforesaid shall 
 be divisible in the said accounts between the other owners in the 
 respective proportions of their shares. 
 
 4. Each owner shall affix on every patent article, as and when Patent mark 
 manufactured by him, the patent mark now in use, and shall not ^i^^fg 011 
 part with any such article without such mark being affixed thereto, 
 
 and each owner not being the assignor shall buy all such patent 
 marks from the assignor so long as he shall be able and willing to 
 supply the same at the rateof, &c., and shall be debited half-yearly 
 in the accounts hereinafter provided to be taken for such as shall 
 be so bought by him. 
 
 5. Each owner shall from time to time, after making any improve- 
 improvement in or addition to the said invention or discovery ment(? ' &c. by 
 
 A ... an y owner to 
 
 useful in the manufacture of - - (including any improvement, be brought in. 
 
 addition or discovery aforesaid now (if so) in the possession and 
 knowledge of any party hereto), forthwith give notice thereof in 
 writing to the other owner or owners, and, as and when reasonably 
 required by and at the expense of him or them respectively as 
 to actual costs (if any) out of pocket occasioned thereby, com- 
 municate and explain to him or them respectively, or his or their 
 respective agents, such improvement, addition, or discovery, and 
 the same shall be considered and treated as being part of or com- 
 prised in the said invention, but in case the communicating owner 
 shall intend to apply for letters patent in respect thereof, the 
 other owner or owners shall jointly with him contribute in the 
 proportion or proportions aforesaid to the payment of the current 
 costs and expenses of and attending the application for and obtain- 
 ing the said letters patent (such costs and expenses however being 1 
 taken not to exceed altogether the sum of - and the excess 
 whereof being borne by such communicating owner), and shall 
 be entitled to be made a co-applicant or co-applicants respectively 
 therefor, and the said letters patent or patent rights in respect 
 thereof when obtained shall be held by the owners in the pro- 
 portions aforesaid, subject as far as possible to the like terms and 
 conditions as are herein contained in respect of the letters patent 
 
 to be of the amount which a licensee would have to pay where no pre- 
 mium has been charged him.
 
 1074 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Books of 
 account kept 
 by each 
 owner and 
 inspection 
 allowed and 
 verification 
 made. 
 
 Accounts 
 delivered and 
 settled half- 
 yearly. 
 
 hereinbefore expressed to be assigned [AND FURTHER the foregoing 
 provisions in this clause, including as to the limit of contribution, 
 shall as far as possible apply to the interest of any owner in every 
 such improvement, addition, or discovery aforesaid, which he may 
 in conjunction with any other person or persons now have in his 
 knowledge and possession or hereafter make]. 
 
 6. Each owner shall keep at his usual or chief place of business 
 all proper books of account, and shall make true and perfect entries 
 therein at the earliest opportunities of all particulars necessary or 
 convenient for any of the purposes hereof of all transactions relat- 
 ing to the manufacture or sale (A-) of the said articles manu- 
 factured by him, and shall at the same place produce the said 
 books to the other owner or owners respectively for inspection 
 thereof, and taking copies or extracts therefrom, and at his own 
 expense obtain and give to him or them respectively all informa- 
 tion necessary or convenient for any of the purposes hereof as 
 to any item or matter comprised therein or relating thereto, and at 
 the expense of any party requiring it verify such information by 
 statutory declaration or otherwise as shall be reasonably required. 
 
 7. Each owner shall within twenty-one days after the end of 
 each half-year ending on the - - day of - - or - - day of 
 
 deliver or send to each of the other owners a statement of 
 account in respect of the transactions and matters aforesaid on the 
 part of the accounting owner for the half-year then ended, and 
 shall, if required by but at the expense of the owner requiring the 
 same, verify or procure some fitting person in his own employ to 
 verify the said statement or any part thereof by statutory declara- 
 tion: AND SHALL as soon as statements of account respectively for 
 any half-year shall have been delivered by him as aforesaid, and 
 the balance (where any) due from him to the other owner or 
 owners respectively shall be ascertained, pay the same to him or 
 them respectively then forthwith accordingly, but if the said 
 balance or any part thereof shall from any cause whatever remain 
 unpaid for one calendar month from the end of the said half-year, 
 it shall bear interest from the end of such calendar month at the 
 rate of 5 per cent, per annum, and together with such interest 
 
 (A) Particulars of sale should appear, notwithstanding that royalties are 
 only payable on the manufacture, as thereby a check will be furnished, 
 to some extent, on the entries as to the articles manufactured.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1075 
 
 be a charge on the share in the said letters patent respectively of 
 the person liable to pay the same. 
 
 8. Each owner or his agents shall be at liberty at all reasonable Liberty for 
 times during the continuance of any letters patent subject hereto, ? aoh owner to 
 
 1 Ji>p* '<'t, IfliC- 
 
 and afterwards for such period as shall be necessary or convenient tones, &c. of 
 to him, for any of the purposes hereof to enter any factory or 
 place of business of any other owner to ascertain the state and 
 extent of the manufacture or sale of the said articles or for other 
 the purposes hereof. 
 
 8a ({) . [In taking the final accounts between the respective Reduced 
 owners, each shall be debited as to each article aforesaid then in his articl^un^ 
 possession and remaining unsold with the reduced royalty of - - soldondeter- 
 shillings less his proportion thereof, according to his share in the patents, 
 letters patent, in lieu of the royalty less as aforesaid in respect of 
 the sale by him of such article as hereinbefore provided, which 
 reduced royalty less as aforesaid shall accordingly be divisible in 
 the said accounts in respect thereof between the other owners in 
 the proportion of their respective shares aforesaid.] 
 
 9. The assignor hereby acknowledges the right of the assignee, Acknowledg- 
 <fce. [Acknowledgment, do., as in Precedent 19, ante]. tolattew'* 
 
 IN WITNESS, &C. (it). patent. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 
 22. ASSIGNMENT of a Patent to TRUSTEES for Co-owners 
 in UNEQUAL SHARES EXCLUSIVE LICENCE for a particu- 
 lar District to be granted to each Co-owner at ROYALTIES 
 POWER OF SALE and general Powers of LICENSING 
 in the Trustees TRUST MONEYS divisible Half-yearly 
 REMUNERATION to the Trustees. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called " the Vendor"), of the first part, C. D., of, &c., E. F., 
 
 (i) This clause is, of course, to be inserted only if royalties are made 
 payable on sales. See note (gr), ante. 
 
 (&) The deed should be registered. For a clause as to service of notices, 
 use Sp. Cl. 51, post, p. 1165.
 
 1076 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Recitals. 
 Claim, grant, 
 &c. 
 
 Further 
 agreement to 
 assign to the 
 trustees. 
 
 Assignment 
 of patent to 
 the trustees. 
 
 Covenant as 
 to validity of 
 patent. 
 
 2nd Testatum. 
 
 of, &c., and G. H., of, &c. (hereinafter called " the purchasers' ,, of 
 the second part, H. K., of, &c., andL. M., of, &c. [trustees], of the 
 third part, and every person who as mentioned in Clause 1 hereof 
 shall execute these presents or otherwise bind himself hereto of the 
 fourth part [Recitals as to the claim, grant, &c. (Z)]: AND WHEREAS 
 the vendor has agreed with the purchasers for the sale to them 
 respectively of shares in the said letters patent, and every extension 
 thereof, namely to the said C. D. one-fifth share at the price of 
 -, and to the said E. F. one two-fifths share at the price of 
 
 and to the said G. H. one-tenth share at the price of < 
 AND WHEREAS the vendor and purchasers have agreed that the said 
 letters patent shall be assigned to the said H. K. and L. M. upon 
 the trusts and otherwise subject as hereinafter expressed. NOW 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the 
 said agreement in this behalf, and in consideration as to the said 
 
 C. D. of the sum of , and as to the said E. F. of the sum of 
 
 , and as to the said G . H . of the sum of , now paid to the 
 
 vendor by the purchasers respectively (the receipt of which several 
 sums the vendor doth hereby acknowledge) and otherwise in con- 
 sideration of the premises, he the vendor as beneficial owner subject 
 to the said agreement for sale doth hereby assign: And each of 
 them the purchasers as beneficial owner in respect of his share 
 under the said agreement as aforesaid doth hereby assign unto the 
 the said H. K. and L. M. ALL THOSE the said invention and letters 
 patent, and the sole and exclusive benefit thereof, and of all exten- 
 sions thereof, and all rights, powers, emoluments, and advantages 
 whatsoever under or in respect of the said letters patent, To HOLD 
 the said premises unto the said H. K. and L. M. and their assigns 
 upon trust for the vendor and purchasers respectively as tenants in 
 common, in the following shares, namely as to the vendor three- 
 tenths, as to the said C. D. one-fifth, as to the said E. F. two-fifths 
 and as to the said G. H. one-tenth, but nevertheless subject to the 
 covenants and conditions hereinafter contained: AND THE VENDOR 
 doth hereby covenant with the said H. K. and L. M. jointly 
 and also with each of the purchasers separately that notwithstand- 
 ing anything by the vendor done, omitted, or knowingly suffered, 
 the said letters patent are now valid and subsisting and not void 
 or voidable. AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESS- 
 
 (?) As to recitals, see Precedent 17.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1077 
 
 ETH that in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf and Agreement 
 in consideration of the premises, IT IS HEREBY AGREED declaration. 
 AND DECLARED as follows :- 
 
 1. The term "the trustees" shall mean the said H. K. and Definition of 
 L. M. or the survivor of them, or other the trustees or trustee "owners 8 " 
 hereof for the time being, and the term "owner" shall mean and "shares." 
 either the actual beneficial owner for the time being of any share 
 in the trust premises, or, in case such beneficial owner shall not then 
 already as a party hereto of the first, second or fourth part have 
 executed these presents .or otherwise have bound himself to perform 
 and observe the obligations herein contained and in respect of such 
 share to be performed and observed, then the beneficial owner or 
 last of the beneficial owners through whom he shall have derived 
 the title to such share, who shall have bound himself as aforesaid, 
 and the term " shares " shall mean the shares into which the trust 
 premises shall for the time being be divisible between the owners. 
 
 2 . The said H . K . and L . M . shall immediately after the execu- Trustees to 
 tion hereof grant to each of them the vendor and purchasers at his s ive licences 
 
 expense (including as to the counterpart), an exclusive licence of ^ th 
 the said invention, and any other patented invention for the time vendor and 
 being subject hereto, for the district mentioned opposite his name respectively 
 
 in the - Schedule hereto, and in the form given therein. ** P er 
 
 Schedule. 
 
 3 . Except according to the terms of any such licence aforesaid, 
 
 owner 
 
 or any other or further licence granted to him by the trustees e . xce pt b y 
 under the power in this behalf hereinafter contained, no owner trustees 
 shall be entitled to use any patented invention aforesaid. 
 
 4 . The trustees shall at any time during the continuance hereof, Trust for sale 
 at the request in writing of a majority in value being one-third at 
 least in number of the owners, sell the said letters patent or any 
 other letters patent then comprised herein, either as to the entirety 
 thereof, or for any district or districts, subject to the respective- 
 licences aforesaid, and all other licences (if any) granted under the 
 provision in this behalf hereinafter contained, or, with the consent 
 and concurrence of the owner or owners of any such licence, freed 
 and discharged from the same, at such prices for cash or if to a 
 joint stock company for cash, shares, or debentures, payable or 
 issuable at such times, and subject to such conditions, as the. 
 persons comprising such or any other majority in value of the 
 owners, being one-third at least in number thereof, shall direct, or
 
 1078 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 General 
 power in 
 trustees to 
 grant 
 licences. 
 
 But prior 
 notice to be 
 given to 
 owners 
 thereof. 
 
 No licensee 
 bound to 
 ascertain if 
 owners object 
 to grant. 
 
 Net trust 
 moneys to be 
 divisible 
 according 
 to the shares. 
 
 in default of any such direction, then as the trustees shall think tit, 
 with power for them without the concurrence of anj owner except 
 as to his licence as aforesaid, to assign to the purchaser or pur- 
 chasers thereof the premises so sold, and to give complete discharges 
 for the purchase-moneys thereof, and so that such purchaser or 
 purchasers shall not be obliged to inquire into the title to any of 
 the shares or otherwise as to the propriety or regularity of the 
 sale (m). 
 
 5. Subject to any such sale and licences aforesaid, the trustees 
 shall from time to time, on the requisition in writing of any owner 
 or owners, grant licences to any owners or other persons or com- 
 panies respectively (but as to any owner at his expense including 
 as to the counterpart of his licence), of any patented invention 
 aforesaid, according to the form given in the Schedule hereto, or 
 such other form as the owners may unanimously prescribe for this 
 purpose: PROVIDED ALWAYS that the trustees shall, prior to any 
 such grant, give to each owner who may be unaware of their in- 
 tention to make the same, or ignorant of the particulars thereof, or 
 send to him by post to his last usual or known place of abode or 
 
 business, a written notice of days at least of their intention 
 
 so to do, and of the particulars aforesaid, and shall not grant any 
 such licence in case a majority in value being one-third at least in 
 number of the owners shall either together or separately serve the 
 trustees with an objection in writing to the grant thereof, but in 
 default of the service of such objection or objections within or at 
 the end of the said period, may effectually grant the said licence : 
 PROVIDED ALSO that it shall not be incumbent on any person or 
 persons treating for the grant of any such licence to ascertain if 
 any such objections whatever have been or might be made, or to 
 require the concurrence of any owner thereto. 
 
 6. All royalties and other sums receivable by the trustees under 
 any of the said licences, or from sales of any letters patent, or 
 otherwise as aforesaid, and all other moneys receivable by them 
 hereunder, shall form part of the trust estate, and, subject to the 
 payment thereout of all costs and expenses herein provided to be 
 made, shall be held by the trustees in trust for the owners in the 
 proportions of their respective shares. 
 
 (TO) See sects. 13 and 20 of the Trustee Act, 1893, as to powers of 
 sale, and giving receipts.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1079 
 
 7. The trustees shall from time to time out of any trust moneys Disposition of 
 
 the trust 
 moneys. 
 
 in their hands pay and discharge and (if they shall think fit) also * 
 
 set apart any sum in order to provide for the satisfaction of all 
 or any renewal fees, or other costs, expenses, or liabilities then 
 alreacty due or incurred, or which might thereafter become due or 
 be incurred by them in respect of the said trusts or any of them, 
 and shall pay or divide the balance (if any) of the said moneys to 
 or amongst the owners in the proportions of their respective shares : 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS that all costs, expenses, or liabilities aforesaid Expenses 
 not paid, discharged or otherwise provided for as aforesaid, shall, as Downers and 
 between the trustees and the owners in respect of whose shares entrust 
 respectively the same shall be payable or incurred by the trustees, generally 
 be borne by such owners or any one or more of them and in such without refer- 
 
 6QC6 to sh&T(?3 
 
 proportions (if any) as the trustees shall think fit, without reference or change of 
 
 to the interest of any such owner in the trust premises, and shall, owner8hl P> 
 
 notwithstanding any change of ownership in any of the shares, be b t i | n wll in r 
 
 a first charge on the trust premises generally, but shall as between excess to have 
 
 the owners themselves in respect of whose shares respectively the othef shares. 
 
 said costs, expenses, or liabilities shall be so payable or incurred, be 
 
 borne by them respectively in the proportions of their respective 
 
 shares, and so that every sum paid by any owner as demanded 
 
 by the trustees in respect of any such costs, expenses, or liabilities 
 
 which shall be properly payable by any other owner, shall, together 
 
 with interest thereon at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum from 
 
 the time of demand thereof by the owner so paying the same, be 
 
 payable by the other owner aforesaid on demand, and shall together 
 
 with such interest be a charge on the share of the latter in the 
 
 trust premises. 
 
 8. All proceedings necessary or suitable for the support, pro- Legal pro- 
 tection, or defence of any letters patent aforesaid (but in respect of the d pafents *' 
 any place or district subject to any provisions contained in any 
 
 licence aforesaid as to infringements within the same (n)\ shall be 
 taken and prosecuted by the trustees whenever a majority in value 
 of the owners shall in writing require them so to do. 
 
 9. Accounts between the trustees and the respective owners Accounts 
 
 shall be delivered and settled half-yearly on every day of yearly. 
 
 and day of - , commencing with the - - day of - 
 
 () A licence might provide that the licensee should undertake all 
 actions, &c. for infringement within his district.
 
 1080 PATENTS. 
 
 next, but the owners shall be at liberty at any time to require 
 payment by any owner of any sum found or properly claimed by 
 them to be due to them hereunder, whether under any half-yearly 
 account aforesaid or otherwise, and in case any owner shall for 
 days after the trustees shall in writing have required him to pay 
 to them any such sum make default in the payment of the same, 
 or any part thereof, the said sum or part thereof shall thenceforth 
 l>car interest at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum until payment or 
 satisfaction thereof. 
 
 Improve- JQ Each owner shall from time to time,&c. [Part of Clause 5 of 
 
 ments, &c. by .'... 
 
 any owner to last precedent], forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the 
 
 ln ' trustees and the other owners respectively, and as and when reason- 
 ably required by any owner, and at his expense as to actual costs 
 (if any) out of pocket occasioned thereby, communicate and 
 explain to him or his agents such improvement, addition, or 
 discovery, and the same shall be considered, &c. [ib.~\, but in case 
 the communicating owner shall intend to apply for letters patent 
 in respect thereof, the trustees shall out of the trust estate, or by 
 contribution of the owners generally in the proportions respec- 
 tively aforesaid, pay all the current costs, &c. [Continue to end 
 of words " communicating owner " in brackets and then as follows] 
 and the trustees shall be entitled to be made co-applicants there- 
 for, and the said letters patent or patent rights in respect thereof 
 when obtained shall, at the expense of the trust estate, or by con- 
 tribution as aforesaid, be Vested in the trustees, and be held by 
 them as far as possible upon the like trusts and subject to the like 
 ter.ms and conditions as are herein declared and contained in 
 respect of the letters patent hereinbefore expressed to be assigned. 
 Proceedings ;Q ip;h e vendor shall at the expense of the trust estate, or the 
 
 forexten- i 
 
 eions. owners generally in the proportions aforesaid, when required by 
 
 the trustees so to do, as authorised by a majority of the owners 
 being one-third at least in value, of whom the vendor may be one, 
 execute and do all assurances and things necessary or convenient 
 for enabling the trustees to obtain and as such exclusively hold 
 and enjoy any extension of the said letters patent as shall be 
 reasonably required (o). 
 
 Remuneration 12. Each trustee shall be entitled half-yearlv, and so propor- 
 
 to trustees out ...in i i j i i- 
 
 f trust tionately 10. any shorter period during his trusteeship, to a sum 
 
 (o) As to extensions, see sect. 18 of the Act of 1907.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1081 
 
 of - for his services hereunder payable, however, as to each moneys sub- 
 half-year out of the trust moneys (if any) at the end thereof expenses, 
 available for such purpose, after satisfaction of or making due 
 provision for all fees and other costs, expenses, and liabilities (if 
 any) then due from or incurred by the trustees in respect of the 
 trust premises, with power to make up to himself during the 
 period of his trusteeship the deficiency (if any) for any half-year 
 in respect of the said sum out of the trust moneys properly avail- 
 able for the purpose as aforesaid which shall be in or come to the 
 hands of the trustees in any subsequent half-year or half-years, 
 but such sum shall not be a debt due from any of the owners 
 personally . 
 
 13. The power of removing any trustee and also of appointing Power of ap- 
 a new trustee or new trustees hereof shall vest in the majority in new trusteeH. 
 value being one-third at least in number of the owners (p). 
 
 14. If any difference shall arise between the parties hereto in Arbitration 
 respect of the construction hereof, or their respective rights, duties, c 
 
 or liabilities hereunder, the same shall be referred to the award 
 and determination of two arbitrators to be chosen one by each 
 party hereto, and in case the said arbitrators disagree, or fail 
 
 to make an award within months after entering on the 
 
 reference, or after having been called on to act by notice in 
 writing from any party to the submission, then to the award, 
 umpirage, and determination of such person as the said arbitrators 
 shall appoint as umpire. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (q). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 23. ASSIGNMENT by a PATENTEE of a SHARE of a 
 PATENT the ASSIGNOR alone to work the PATENT. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the assignor"), of the one part, and C. D., of, 
 &c. (hereinafter called "the assignee"), of the other part [recite 
 
 (p) As to appointments of new trustees, see the Trustee Act, 1893, 
 ss. 25 et seq. 
 
 (#) The deed should be registered, but the trusts will not be noticed: 
 see sects. 28 and 66 72 of the Act of 1907. For a clause as to service 
 of notices, use Sp. Cl. 51, p. 1165, post.
 
 108^ 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 lit Testatuiu. 
 
 Grant of 
 share. 
 
 Covenants. 
 
 Validity of 
 patent. 
 
 Benefit 
 
 of extension. 
 
 2nd Testatum. 
 
 Agreement 
 
 and 
 
 declaration. 
 
 Assignor to 
 have exclusive 
 use of the 
 share subject 
 to conditions. 
 
 During 
 licence until 
 
 as in Precedent 21, ante}. NOW THIS INDENTURE 
 WITNESSETH that in consideration, &c. [ut ante, p. 1060], he 
 the assignor, as beneficial owner, doth hereby assign unto the 
 assignee one-twelfth share of and in ALL THOSE the said invention 
 and letters patent, and all extensions thereof, and of and in all 
 rights, powers, emoluments, and advantages whatsoever, under 
 or in respect of the said letters patent: EXCEPT AND RESERVING 
 unto the assignor and his assigns to the extent and according to 
 the conditions hereinafter appearing, a right of user of the said 
 premises (r) : To HOLD the said premises unto the assignee and 
 his assigns subject as hereinafter expressed: AND THE ASSIGNOR 
 doth hereby covenant with the assignee, &c. [as to the validity of 
 the patent as in Precedent 17, ante]: AND THAT the assignor or 
 his assigns will, at the expense of the assignee or his assigns, 
 execute and do all such assurances and things necessary or con- 
 venient for enabling him or them to obtain and exclusively hold 
 and enjoy, subject to the conditions in this behalf hereinafter 
 appearing, the sole and exclusive benefit of one-twelfth share of 
 and in every extension of the said letters patent as shall be reason- 
 ably required by him or them (s). AND THIS INDENTURE 
 ALSO WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the said agreement 
 in this behalf, and in consideration of the premises, IT IS 
 HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED as follows :- 
 
 1. The right of user hereinbefore excepted and reserved to the 
 assignor and his assigns (hereinafter termed " the licence ") shall 
 be the sole and exclusive right to use the said one-twelfth share 
 hereinbefore assigned of the said invention and letters patent, and 
 of a like share of any other invention, and the letters patent 
 (if any) in respect thereof, for the time being during the sub- 
 sistence of every such letters patent and extension (if any) thereof, 
 but subject as hereinafter provided. 
 
 2. During the continuance of the licence, until any breach (t) 
 
 (r) The object of inserting this exception and reservation is to obtain 
 a recognition on the register of the legal rights of the assignor in respect 
 of the share, as otherwise the technical question might be raised that 
 the assignee obtaining a legal interest could not by the same deed grant 
 to the assignor another legal interest (a licence) out of it. Eegistration 
 will only be of legal rights or interests: sect. 66 of the Act of 1907. 
 
 (s) The assignor is under no obligation to apply for any extension. 
 
 (t} This must be apparently a breach that the assignee may choose
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1083 
 
 by the assignor of any covenant or condition herein contained and breaches 
 
 on his part to be performed or observed, the assignor shall be un- ^nMlcCTicL 
 
 restricted in the grant of licences at royalties (but not at any of entirety at 
 
 premiums) in respect of the said letters patent respectively, 
 
 except that the said licences shall be as to the entirety and not any 
 
 mere share in the same respectively : PROVIDED ALWAYS that the and pay 
 
 assignor shall within - - days of the receipt by him of any gjlareof *"* 
 
 royalties under any of the said licences, and notwithstanding the royalties. 
 
 determination (if so) of the licence aforesaid, pay to the assignee 
 
 one-twelfth part thereof respectively. 
 
 3. Except as aforesaid, all licences in respect of the said letters other licences- 
 patent respectively, whether at premiums, or royalties, or other- to be granted 
 wise, and whether during the continuance of the licence, or after jointly. 
 
 the revocation thereof (if any), shall only be granted by the said 
 parties jointly, and the premiums, royalties, or other sums pay- 
 able thereunder shall be divisible between them in the shares in 
 which they shall be entitled to the said letters patent respectively. 
 
 4. The assignor shall half-yearly on every day of Royalties to 
 
 and day of during the continuance of the licence, pay ** F ald to 
 
 1 L J assipnee 
 
 to the assignee in respect of each patent article manufactured lay on patent 
 him according to any invention subject hereto, and in the half- by 'assignor 1 
 year then ended sold by him, one-twelfth part of a royalty of 
 
 shillings (u): PROVIDED ALWAYS (a?) that every sum not Bad debts, &c. 
 
 being less than which may be owing to the assignor from P r<mded for - 
 
 any single person, firm, or company, or persons jointly, as the price 
 of articles sold by him in any half-year aforesaid, shall be treated 
 in the accounts therefor as having been then actually paid to the 
 assignor, and every sum of whatever amount "which at the end of 
 some half-year aforesaid during the continuance of the licence 
 
 shall have been owing to the assignor as aforesaid for 
 
 calendar months or more shall, unless the assignor shall show to 
 the satisfaction of the assignee that he had taken all reasonable 
 means to recover the said sum, be treated in the accounts for that 
 
 to avail himself of, as the above restriction is plainly inserted for his 
 benefit only. 
 
 (u) The royalty might be put on the manufacture only, so as to avoid 
 the provisions as to bad debts and articles in assignor's possession at 
 the end of the licence. 
 
 (x} Omit this proviso, if the royalties are only to be on the manu- 
 iactures. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 15
 
 1084 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Restrictions 
 on assign- 
 ment, &c. by 
 assignor of 
 any part 
 of patent 
 or licence. 
 
 Payment of 
 renewal fees. 
 
 Accounts 
 kept, &c. by 
 assignor. 
 
 Half-yearly 
 statement and 
 settlement of 
 accounts. 
 
 Mutual im- 
 provements, 
 
 half-year as having boon actually paid to the assignor, but, except 
 as aforesaid, and subject to his accounting for any moneys as and 
 when received by him (if at all) in respect of any debts owing to 
 him as aforesaid, no debts at the end of any half-year aforesaid 
 remaining owing to the assignor for articles sold by him as afore- 
 said shall be treated in such accounts as moneys actually received 
 by him. 
 
 5. Except by way of granting any licence as aforesaid, the 
 assignor shall not, without the written consent or concurrence of 
 the assignee, assign, charge, mortgage, or in any way dispose of 
 or attempt to dispose of the said licence, or any part, share, or 
 other interest of or in the said letters patent respectively (?/)'. 
 
 6. The amounts of the respective fees for the renewal of the said 
 letters patent respectively shall be borne by and between the said 
 parties in the proportion of their respective shares aforesaid, and 
 any moneys paid in this respect by either party which are properly 
 payable by the other party shall be repaid on demand, and together 
 with interest thereon at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum from, 
 the time of demand shall be a charge on the interest of the latter 
 in the letters patent and premises then comprised herein. 
 
 7. The assignor shall during the continuance of the licence keep 
 at his usual or chief place of business all proper books of account, 
 &c. [Clause 6 of Precedent 21, ante, with the necessary varia- 
 tions.] 
 
 8. The assignor shall, at the end of each half-year aforesaid, 
 deliver or send to the assignee a statement of account for the pur- 
 poses of the payments to be made to the assignee for the half-year 
 then ended as aforesaid, and shall, if required by the assignee, 
 but at the expense of the assignor, verify or procure some fitting 
 person in his employ to verify the said statement or any part 
 thereof by statutory declaration, and subject to such verification 
 pay the sum due on such account to the assignee forthwith. 
 
 9. Each party shall from time to time after making any im- 
 
 (y) This clause is inserted to enable the assignee in the above instrument 
 to have a voice (if possible) in any arrangements by the assignor with 
 the new purchasers, &c. as to the future working of the patents. A 
 breach of the clause will, as provided later, enable the assignee to rescind 
 the licence granted by him.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1085 
 
 provement in or addition to the said invention, &c. [Clause 5 o/ * to be 
 Precedent 21, ante, with the necessary variations (2).] 
 
 10. The assignee by himself or his agents shall be at liberty at Inspection of 
 .all reasonable times during the continuance of the said licence, and 
 afterwards for such period as shall be necessary or convenient to 
 
 him, to enter any factory or place of business of the assignor to 
 ascertain the state and extent of the manufacture or sale of the said 
 articles, or for other the purposes hereof. 
 
 11. (a) In taking the final accounts between the said parties at Bedxiced 
 the end or sooner determination of the licence, the assignor shall 
 
 be debited as to each article aforesaid then in his possession and 8 p ld at end of 
 remaining unsold with one-twelfth part of the reduced royalty of 
 - shillings in lieu of the like share of any royalty in respect 
 of the sale by him of such article as aforesaid. 
 
 12. If the assignor shall become bankrupt, or commit any act of Determina- 
 
 bankruptcy, whether available for adjudication or not, or shall W 
 
 make default for the space of twenty-one days in the payment of ruptcy or 
 .any moneys due from him to the assignee hereunder, or shall 
 commit or suffer any breach of his obligations hereunder other 
 than as to the payment of moneys, and as to any such breach or 
 obligation (if capable of being repaired or performed) shall for the 
 space of fourteen days after he shall have been served by the 
 assignee with a written notice requiring him to repair or perform 
 the same omit so to do, the assignee shall be at liberty at any 
 time thereafter to determine the said licence by serving the 
 assignor or his assignee in bankruptcy (if any) with a written 
 notice for that purpose, but such determination shall be without 
 prejudice to the recovery by the assignee of any moneys then 
 already due to him hereunder, or to any licence aforesaid granted 
 by the assignor or by the assignor and assignee jointly. 
 
 13. Except where in any case the context requires a different Transmission 
 interpretation, or the term " assigns " is already used, these c 
 
 (z) Or the above might be made a covenant by the assignor alone to 
 bring in any improvements, &c. made by him. 
 
 (o) Omit this clause if the royalties are originally only to be on the 
 .manufactures. 
 
 15(2)
 
 1086 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 presents shall extend and be construed to apply also as far as- 
 possible to the assigns of either party in substitution for him. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (6). 
 
 Recitab. 
 
 Invention by 
 assignor. 
 
 Agreement 
 before grant 
 for purchase 
 of patent. 
 
 Patent 
 obtained in 
 joint names. 
 
 Assignor to 
 execute this 
 assignment 
 and release. 
 Ttttattnn. 
 
 24. ASSIGNMENT and RELEASE of a PATENT by ONE CO- 
 GRANTEE to the OTHER in pursuance of an AGREEMENT 
 FOR SALE of the ENTIRETY by the INVENTOR entered into 
 BEFORE the GRANT. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called " the assignor "), of the one part, and C. D., of, &c., 
 of the other part: WHEREAS the assignor as the inventor of a new 
 and improved process, &c., obtained the acceptance of a complete 
 
 specification in respect of the said invention on the day of 
 
 , 19 : AND WHEREAS by an agreement dated, &c., and made 
 
 between the assignor, of the one part, and the assignee, of the 
 other part (c), it was agreed amongst other things that the assignee 
 should purchase the said invention and the patent in respect 
 thereof, and the benefit as therein provided of all improvements 
 or additions (if any) to the said invention made by the inventor 
 
 for the sum of , and that the assignee should be entitled to be- 
 
 made an applicant for the grant of the said patent jointly with the 
 assignor, and that the said patent should be assured to the assignee 
 by the assignor so that the entirety thereof should become vested 
 in the assignee: AND WHEREAS the said patent was duly obtained 
 in the joint names of the assignor and assignee, and is numbered 
 
 bearing date the day of, &c. (d), and was duly sealed 
 
 - day of, &c.: AND WHEREAS the said sum of 
 
 on the - 
 
 has been duly paid as the assignor doth hereby acknowledge: 
 AND WHEREAS the assignor hath consented to execute the assign- 
 ment of the said patent hereinafter contained. NOW THIS 
 INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the said 
 agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the sum of 
 
 (6) The deed should bo registered. For a clause as to service of notices, 
 use Sp. Cl. 51, post, p. 1165. 
 
 (c) It seems desirable to notice this agreement here specially, not 
 only fully to explain the relative positions of the parties, but also to give., 
 indirectly at least, additional notice of its contents. 
 
 (d) Tho day of application. See sect. 13 of the Act of 19Q7.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1087 
 
 - so paid to the assignor by the assignee as aforesaid (the 
 receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged), he the assignor, as bene- 
 ficial owner, to the extent only of his estate and interest as here- 
 inbefore appears in the invention, letters patent, and premises 
 hereby assured, doth hereby assign and release unto the assignee 
 ALL THOSE the said invention and letters patent, and the sole and 
 exclusive benefit thereof, and of all extensions thereof, and all 
 rights, powers, emoluments, and advantages whatsoever under or 
 in respect of the said letters patent, TO HOLD the premises unto 
 the assignee and his assigns absolutely: AND THE ASSIGNOR doth Covenant!. 
 hereby covenant with the assignee that notwithstanding anything Validity of 
 by him the assignor done, omitted, or knowingly suffered, the 
 said letters patent are now valid and subsisting, and not void or 
 voidable: AND THAT the assignor will from time to time, after Improve- 
 niaking any improvement in or addition to the said invention or ments > &c - 
 discovery useful in the manufacture of (including any im- 
 provement, addition, or discovery aforesaid, now (if so) in his 
 knowledge and possession), forthwith give notice thereof in writ- 
 ing to the assignee or his assigns, who shall be entitled to the 
 sole and exclusive benefit thereof [except as to the personal use 
 thereof by the assignor]; and as and when reasonably required 
 by the assignee or his assigns, but at his or their expense as to 
 actual costs (if any) out of pocket occasioned thereby, communi- 
 cate and explain to the assignee or his assigns, or his or their 
 agents, any such improvement, addition, or discovery [and at the 
 like expense and also for such remuneration, not being less than 
 
 at the rate of per day, as the assignee or his assigns shall 
 
 think fit to allow therefor, himself personally, and to the best 
 of his ability, instruct, superintend, and assist on any business 
 premises of the assignee or his assigns, not less than - work- 
 men or other persons named by him or them in the process and 
 details of the manufacture of articles with the use of such improve- 
 ment, addition, or discovery, so as to make them proficient 
 therein]. And shall at the expense (not, however, exceeding the sum 
 
 of ) of the assignee or his assigns, if he or they shall require 
 
 the same, apply for or obtain, or (if he or they shall so think fit) 
 join with him or them in applying for and obtaining letters 
 patent in respect of any such improvement, addition, or discovery, 
 and execute and do all such assurances and things as shall be 
 necessary or convenient for vesting the same letters patent and
 
 1088 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Extension. 
 
 the exclusive benefit thereof in 'the assignee or his assigns [subject 
 to the personal use by the assignor of the invention comprised 
 therein] as by the assignee or his assigns shall be reasonably 
 required. [AND FURTHER, the foregoing provisions in this clause 
 (including as to the limit of expense to the assignee or his assigns) 
 shall, as far as possible, apply to the interest of the assignor in 
 every such improvement, addition, or discovery aforesaid, which 
 he may, in conjunction with any other person or persons, now 
 have in his knowledge and possession, or hereafter make.] AND- 
 THAT the assignor will at the expense of the assignee or his assigns, 
 &c. [Covenant as to extensions as in Assignment, ante, p. 1062.] 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (e). 
 
 Jiecitah. 
 Assignee 
 real inyentor. 
 And being 
 resident 
 abroad 
 employed 
 assignor. 
 
 Assignor 
 obtained 
 patent in own 
 name. 
 
 Number 
 of patent. 
 
 Request 
 to assign. 
 
 Tettatum. 
 Grant, 
 
 25. ASSIGNMENT of a PATENT to the INVENTOR (a 
 FOREIGNER resident Abroad] by his AGENT, the 
 PATENTEE . 
 
 THIS ASSIGNMENT, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &cv 
 (hereinafter called "the assignor "), of the one part, and C. D., 
 of, &c. (hereinafter called "the assignee"), of the other part: 
 WHEREAS the assignee is the sole and original inventor of improve- 
 ments, &c. [title of invention]: AND WHEREAS the assignee being 
 a foreigner resident abroad and desirous of obtaining letters patent 
 for the United Kingdom and Isle of Man, employed the assignor 
 to obtain the same for the sole and exclusive benefit of the 
 assignee (/) : AND WHEREAS the assignor accordingly and at the- 
 entire expense of the assignee duly made application on the - 
 day of, &c., for the said letters patent, and obtained the grant 
 thereof in his own name: AND WHEREAS the said letters patent 
 are numbered - : AND WHEREAS the assignee hath requested 
 the assignor to assign to him the said letters patent. NOW 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in consideration of 
 the premises, he the assignor, as trustee, doth hereby assign unto- 
 the assignee, ALL THOSE the said invention and letters patent, 
 and the sole and exclusive benefit thereof, and of all extensions 
 
 (e) The deed should be registered. See sects. 28 and 66 72 of the 
 Act of 1907. 
 
 (/) The Patent Office will not grant a patent to any agent of inventor 
 resident abroad.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 
 
 thereof, and all rights, powers, emoluments, and advantages what- 
 soever under or in respect of the said letters patent, TO HOLD the 
 premises unto the assignee and his assigns absolutely: AND THE Covenant 
 ASSIGNOR doth hereby covenant, &c. \_As in Precedent 17, ante, ^ 
 as to validity of patent and extensions .] extensions. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 26. ASSIGNMENT of a LICENCE the LICENSOR not being 
 a PARTY (g}. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called " the vendor "), of the one part, and C. D., of, &c. 
 (hereinafter called " the purchaser "), of the other part: WHEREAS 
 by a licence under seal dated, &c., and made between E. F., of 
 the one part, and the vendor, of the other part, the said E. F. 
 granted unto the vendor and his assigns the sole and exclusive 
 right within the town of, &c., to manufacture articles according 
 to the invention mentioned (together with the letters patent in 
 respect thereof) in the Schedule hereto for the residue of the 
 term of fourteen years comprised in the said letters patent, at 
 
 royalties payable half-yearly on every day of and 
 
 day of - , and subject to the covenants and conditions therein 
 contained: AND WHEREAS the vendor hath from the date of tho 
 said licence up to this present time worked the said invention in 
 the said town in accordance with the terms thereof: AND WHEREAS 
 the vendor lately agreed with the purchaser for the sale to him 
 of his business in the said town of manufacturing and selling the 
 
 said articles, and other the business of a , as from the said 
 
 - day of last (h) : AND WHEREAS it was part of the said 
 
 agreement that the purchaser should purchase the said licence 
 
 for the sum of . NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNES- 
 
 SETH that in consideration, &c., he, the vendor, as beneficial 
 owner, doth hereby assign unto the purchaser ALL THAT the said 
 licence dated, &c., and the full benefit thereof, TO HOLD the same 
 
 (g} See next precedent as to the licensor being a party. 
 
 (A) Omit reference to this or any other day if the assignment is dated 
 on a half-yearly day. Eecite also (if so arranged) that 
 " the vendor has duly paid all royalties and other sums reserved 
 by the said licence owing up to the date hereof."
 
 i 090 PATENTS. 
 
 unto the purchaser and his assigns, subject to the covenants and 
 conditions therein contained and henceforth on the part of th& 
 licensee to be performed or observed: AND THE VENDOR doth 
 hereby covenant with the purchaser that notwithstanding any- 
 thing by him done, omitted, or knowingly suffered, the said licence 
 is now valid and subsisting, and not void or voidable, and that all 
 the royalties reserved by the said licence have been paid up to 
 the - - day of - - last, and that all the covenants and con- 
 ditions therein contained and on the part of the licensee to be 
 observed and performed have been observed and performed up 
 to this present time: AND THE PURCHASER doth hereby covenant 
 
 with the vendor that he will as from the said day of - 
 
 last (i) pay the royalties and other sums "by the said licence 
 reserved, and also will perform and observe all the covenants and 
 conditions therein contained and on the part of the licensee hence- 
 forth to be performed and observed, and keep the vendor indemni- 
 fied against all actions, claims, and expenses in respect of the same 
 royalties, sums, covenants, and conditions, or any of them respec- 
 tively. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (fc). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 27. ASSIGNMENT of a LICENCE the LICENSOR being a 
 PARTY (2). 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the vendor"), of the first part, E. F., of, &c. 
 (hereinafter called " the licensor "), of the second part, and C. D., 
 
 (i) If the assignment is dated on a half-yearly day, say " henceforth " 
 only. Or if so arranged the vendor can satisfy royalties up to date, and 
 the covenant can be made to apply only to future royalties. 
 
 (&) The deed should be registered: see sects. 28, 6672 of the Act 
 of 1907. 
 
 (Z) See last precedent as to the licensor not being a party. As to how 
 far the covenants in a licence are binding on the assigns of the licensee^ 
 see Werdermann v. Societe Generate d'Electricite, 19 Ch. D. 246, as ex- 
 plained in Bagot Pneumatic Tyre Co. v. Clipper Pneumatic Tyre Co 
 [1902] 1 Oh. 146.
 
 ASSIGNMENTS. 1091 
 
 of, &c. (hereinafter called " the purchaser "), of the third part 
 [Recite as in last precedent with any necessary variations]: AND 
 WHEREAS in the said licence it is provided that the licensee shall 
 not assign the same without the consent in writing of the licensor : 
 AND WHEREAS the licensor hath agreed to enter into these presents 
 in order to testify his consent to the assignment of the said licence 
 to the purchaser upon the terms that the purchaser shall covenant 
 with him as hereinafter expressed. NOW THIS INDENTURE 
 WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the said agreements in this 
 
 behalf, and in consideration of the sum of this day paid to 
 
 the vendor by the purchaser (the receipt whereof is hereby acknow- 
 ledged), and also in consideration of the premises, he the vendor, 
 as beneficial owner, doth hereby assign, and he, the licensor, by the 
 ^direction of the vendor, as such beneficial owner, doth hereby con- 
 firm unto the purchaser, ALL THAT licence, dated, &c., and the full 
 benefit thereof, TO HOLD the same unto the purchaser and his 
 assigns, subject to the covenants and conditions therein contained 
 and henceforth on the part of the licensee to be performed or 
 observed: AND THE VENDOR doth hereby covenant, &c. [As to 
 -the validity of the licence as in last precedent] : AND THE LICENSOR 
 doth hereby covenant with the purchaser that notwithstanding, &c. 
 [Covenants as to the validity of the patent as in Precedent 17, 
 ante, adding " and he now hath full power to confirm the said 
 licence in manner aforesaid"]: AND THE PURCHASER doth hereby 
 -covenant with the vendor, and as a separate covenant also with the 
 licensor and his assigns (m), that he, the purchaser, will as from 
 
 the said day of last (n) pay the royalties and other 
 
 sums by the said licence reserved, and also will perform and observe 
 
 -all the covenants and conditions therein contained and on the part 
 
 of the licensee henceforth to be performed and observed, and doth 
 
 hereby also covenant with the vendor that he, the purchaser, will 
 
 henceforth keep the vendor indemnified against all actions, claims, 
 
 demands, and expenses in respect of the said royalties, covenants, 
 
 and conditions, or any of them respectively: PROVIDED ALWAYS Proviso that 
 
 'that nothing herein contained shall be construed or operate so as vt *"ior be not 
 
 released from 
 
 (TO) The benefit of these covenants as choses in action can be assigned 
 ^by the licensor both at law and in equity. See now the Judicature Act, 
 1873 (36 & 37 Viet. c. 66), s. 25, sub-s. 6. 
 
 () Or, " from henceforth," as arranged.
 
 1092 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 his obliga- 
 tions under 
 the licence. 
 
 to absolve the vendor as against the licensor or his assigns from* 
 any of his obligations under the said licence. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 Recitals. 
 
 Graut of 
 patent to all 
 jointly. 
 
 Agreement 
 for partition. 
 
 Sams 
 
 to be paid for 
 
 equality. 
 
 Testatum. 
 
 Release by 
 every two to 
 the third one 
 of the rights 
 over the dis- 
 trict allotted 
 to him. 
 
 Mutual 
 covenants. 
 
 Fees borne in 
 
 certain 
 
 proportions. 
 
 28. DEED of PARTITION of a PATENT. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of 
 the first part, C. D., of, &c., of the second part, and E. F., of, &c.^. 
 of the third part [Recite grant of patent to the parties jointly]: 
 AND WHEREAS the said parties have agreed to make such partition 
 of their rights under the said letters patent as hereinafter ex- 
 pressed: AND WHEREAS it has also been agreed that for equality 
 of partition the said A. B. shall pay to the said E. F. the sum 
 
 of , and the said C. D. shall pay to the said E. F. the sum 
 
 of . NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that 
 
 in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf, and in con- 
 sideration of the sum of - this day paid by the said A. B. to- 
 the said E. F., and of the sum of - this day paid by the said 
 C. D. to the said E. F. (the receipt of which sums of and 
 - respectively the said E. F. doth hereby acknowledge), and 
 also in consideration of the premises, every two of them the said 
 A. B., C. D., and E. F. as beneficial owners respectively, accord- 
 ing to the terms of the said letters patent, do and each of them 
 doth hereby assign and release unto the third of them, ALL THOSE. 
 the said invention and letters patent, and the sole and exclusive 
 benefit thereof, and of every extension thereof, and all rights, 
 powers, emoluments, and advantages whatsoever, under or in 
 respect of the said letters patent for the districts or places men- 
 tioned opposite the name of such third person in the Schedule 
 hereto, but not for any other district or place, TO HOLD, use, exer- 
 cise, and enjoy the said premises unto and by such third person 
 aforesaid and his assigns absolutely. AND IT IS HEREBY 
 AGREED AND DECLARED that the amounts of the respec- 
 tive fees for the renewal of the said letters patent, and any other 
 letters patent for the time being subject hereto respectively, shall 
 be borne by and between the said parties in the following pro- 
 portions, namely, as to the said A. B. - ths, as to the said
 
 LICENCES, 1093 
 
 C. D. ths, and as to the said E. F. ths, and that any 
 
 moneys paid in this respect, &c. [as in Assignment 21, ante, 
 p. 1072, using the term "any party" instead of "owner," and 
 " parties " instead of " owners "]: AND ALSO that each party shall Improve- 
 from time to time after making any improvement in, &c. [mutual n 1 ' c ' 
 covenant as to improvements, dc., as in Assignment 21, ante, 
 p. 1073, using the term " party " for " owner," but providing that 
 the letters patent or rights shall be " held by the parties respec- 
 tively for the same districts or places and otherwise, subject to the 
 like terms, &c." (o)]. AND IT IS HEREBY ALSO AGREED ^P?^ to 
 AND DECLARED that the said letters patent respectively shall custody of all. 
 be in the joint custody of the said parties, or in the custody of such 
 person or persons as they shall from time to time jointly appoint 
 for the benefit of the said parties respectively: AND ALSO that Transmission 
 except where in any case the context requires a different inter- 
 pretation the expression "the said A. B." or "the said C. D. 
 or " the said E. F." or other expressions referring to any party 
 hereto, whenever used herein, shall extend and be construed also 
 to apply as far as possible to the assigns of the person so 
 designated. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (p). 
 
 29. LICENCE (non-exclusive) to use a NEW INVENTION, 
 in consideration of a Gross Sum, by Deed-poll, to cease 
 on the Death of the Licensee, or on Alienation, dc. (q). 
 
 TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL 
 
 COME (r), [patentee], of, &c., sends greeting: WHEREAS his Recital of 
 
 patent ; 
 
 (o) A covenant as to any extension of the patent is omitted, as no party 
 is a vendor, so that any other party could call upon him to covenant in this 
 respect, and also because the benefits of an extension may vary according 
 to the district. The question is therefore left to future arrangement. 
 
 (p) The assignment should be executed as a deed, and be registered. 
 
 (<?) A licence to use a patent should be granted by deed-poll only in Form of 
 cases where the consideration is a gross sum, and the transaction is of a licence, 
 very simple character ; generally it will be necessary that the grant should 
 be by indenture fully stating the terms and conditions of the grant, and 
 securing the observance and performance of such terms and conditions 
 by the covenants of the respective parties. 
 
 (r) All licences to use a patent ought to be under seal, since the form of
 
 1094 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 of agreement 
 for licence. 
 
 Tent at ton. 
 Licence. 
 
 Proviso for 
 cesser on 
 licensee's 
 death, &c. 
 
 present Majesty, by a patent, dated the - - day of - , and 
 numbered - , granted unto the said [patentee] the sole and 
 exclusive licence, power, privilege, and authority, of making, 
 using, and vending a certain machine [describe invention} for 
 the term of fourteen years from the date thereof: AND 
 WHEREAS the said [patentee] has agreed to permit [licensee'], 
 
 of the city of 
 
 to make, sell, and dispose of the same upon 
 
 the terms and conditions, and in the manner hereinafter mentioned. 
 NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, that, in consideration 
 
 of the sum of , now paid by the said [licensee] to the said 
 
 [patentee], the receipt whereof the said [patentee] hereby acknow- 
 ledges, the said [patentee] hereby grants unto the said [licensee] 
 full and free liberty, licence, power, privilege, authority, and 
 permission, to make, use, exercise, sell, and dispose of [invention], 
 in the said patent mentioned, for the term of - - years from the 
 date thereof: PROVIDED ALWAYS, and these presents are upon this 
 express condition, that, if the said [licensee] shall die during the 
 said term, or shall at any time hereafter assign or make over the 
 licence hereby given, or the benefit thereof, or of any part thereof, 
 to any person or persons whomsoever, or the same shall by any 
 other means become vested in any other person or persons, without 
 the consent in writing of the said [patentee], his executors or 
 administrators, these presents and every thing herein contained 
 shall cease and be utterly void: PROVIDED ALSO that nothing 
 herein contained shall operate as a warranty of the validity of 
 the said patent (s) . 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 grant prohibits infringement without the licence of the patentee " in 
 writing under his hand and seal." But the concluding words of the 
 grant allow the granting of licences in such manner as they may by 
 law be granted, and where an agreement to grant a licence is proved, 
 it will be acted upon, and neither party will be excused on the ground 
 that it is not under seal. (See Postcard Automatic Supply Co. v. Samuel 
 (1889), 6 E. P. C. 560.) 
 
 (s) Covenants for title, &c. should be expressly inserted if so desired. 
 The words " as beneficial owner " would probably imply no covenant in 
 a mere licence.
 
 LICENCES. 1095 
 
 30. LICENCE (non-exclusive) at Royalties only [Where 
 open contract] (). 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the -- day of -- , 19, BETWEEN 
 
 A. B., of, &c. (hereinafter called " the licensor"), of the one part, 
 
 and C. D.,of, &c. (hereinafter called "the licensee"), of the other 
 
 part: WHEREAS by letters patent under the Great Seal of the Recital*. 
 
 United Kingdom, dated, &c., and numbered - , the sole and ex- Grant O f 
 
 elusive licence and authority of making, using, exercising, and P atent - 
 
 vending in the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, and Isle 
 
 of Man, an invention for, &c. [name of invention], were granted 
 
 to the licensor, his executors, administrators, and assigns, for the 
 
 term of fourteen years from the -- day of - 19 , [" subject to 
 
 the licensor filing a complete specification of the said invention or 
 
 otherwise as therein provided: " or, if complete specification already 
 
 filed, " subject to a condition for making void the same if the 
 
 specification filed by the licensor was not a complete one, ai\d 
 
 otherwise as therein provided."] [Recite devolution (if any) of Devolution of 
 
 title (u)~\ : AND WHEREAS the licensor has agreed to grant the tltle * 
 
 licensee a licence to use the said invention [so far as relates to the 
 
 manufacture of - ] within the town or district of -- in the 
 county of - as hereinafter defined, upon the terms hereinafter 
 appearing. NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that Grant. 
 in pursuance of the said agreement, and in consideration of the 
 royalties hereinafter reserved, and the covenants on the part of the 
 licensee hereinafter contained, the licensor doth hereby grant unto 
 the licensee [and his assigns (a?)] full liberty, licence, power, and 
 
 (<) The only terms of the contract are to be supposed to be as to the 
 amount of royalties payable half-yearly, the locality, and the duration of 
 the licence. 
 
 (u) E.g., "and whereas the licensor is entitled under an 
 assignment, dated, &c., and made between, &c., to the said in- 
 vention and letters patent, and the exclusive benefit thereof re- 
 spectively." 
 
 For these two recitals there may be substituted one recital only, namely, 
 that the licensor is entitled absolutely to the letters patent mentioned in 
 the schedule. 
 
 (x) If the contract does not extend to the assigns, omit the words in 
 brackets.
 
 1096 PATENTS. 
 
 authority, within the district being - - miles in radius from 
 
 tho front of the town hall of the town of in the county of , 
 
 to make, use, exercise, and vend the said invention [so far as the 
 same shall be applicable to the manufacture of - ]: To HAVE, 
 HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the said licence and premises unto and 
 by the licensee [and his assigns (#)] for and during all the residue 
 now to come and unexpired of the said term of fourteen years, and 
 during any further term for which the said letters patent may 
 Keddendum. be prolonged [(/), YIELDING AND PAYING unto the licensor half- 
 yearly on every day of - - and - - day of - - for every 
 
 - manufactured by the licensee [or his assigns] hereunder in 
 
 tho half-years then ending respectively the royalty of - ] : AND 
 
 Covenants. THE LICENSEE doth hereby covenant with the licensor and his 
 
 To pay~~ assigns that he the licensee [or his assigns] will during the term 
 
 royalties. hereby granted pay to the licensor or his assigns (z) half-yearly 
 
 on every day of - - and - - day of - - for every - 
 
 manufactured by the licensee [or his assigns] hereunder in the 
 To keep half-years then ending respectively the royalty of - : AND ALSO 
 
 & Ct ' that he [or his assigns] will during the said term keep at his [or 
 
 their] usual place [or places] of business all proper books of account, 
 and make true and complete entries therein at the earliest oppor- 
 tunities of all particulars necessary or convenient for the purposes 
 hereof of all transactions relating to the manufacture [or sale (a)] 
 Production ^ " " manufactured by him [or his assigns] hereunder, and 
 and inspection produce the said books to the licensor or his assigns, or his or 
 their agent or agents, at all reasonable times for inspection and 
 the taking copies or extracts therefrom, and will at his [or their] 
 own expense obtain and give to him or them all such information 
 as to any item or matter contained or which ought to be contained 
 Delivery of therein as shall be reasonably required: A'ND ALSO that he [or his 
 assigns] will at the end of each half-year aforesaid deliver or 
 send to the licensor or his assigns a statement in writing of the 
 particulars of the manufacture in such half-year of the said articles 
 
 (x) See note (x), previous page. 
 
 (y~) The insertion of the reddendum clause is not essential, provided there 
 is an express covenant to pay the royalties or other sums reserved, 
 (z) If the reddendum is inserted this covenant need only be 
 
 " to pay to the licensor or his assigns the said royalties at the 
 respective times aforesaid." 
 
 (a) Entries of the sales will serve as a check to those of the manufacture.
 
 LICENCES. 1097 
 
 -tuid the amount of royalties payable in respect thereof as afore- 
 said. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (b). 
 
 31. LICENCE (non-exclusive) at Royalties only [Where 
 full contract]. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 
 inafter called " the licensor "), of the one part, and C. D., of, &c., 
 
 of the other part [Recite as in last Preoedmf]. NOW THIS IN- Recitals. 
 
 DENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance, &c. [Continue lst Testatum. 
 
 to the end of the Habendum in last Precedent, and take in the Grant - 
 
 Reddendum if thought fit] : A ND THE LICENSOR doth hereby cove- Covenants. 
 
 nant with the licensee [and his assigns] that notwithstanding any- Validity of 
 
 ,. L b . J % patent and 
 
 thing by him the licensor done, omitted, o,r knowingly sunered, right to 
 
 the said letters patent axe now valid and subsisting, and not 
 void or voidable, and that notwithstanding as aforesaid he the 
 licensor now hath power to grant the premises in manner afore- 
 said: AND THE LICENSEE doth hereby covenant, &c. [Covenants Covenants by 
 to pay royalties, keep, &c. accounts and allow inspection, <&c., ^Tpay 
 .as in last Precedent, adding as fottows]: And will if and when royalties. 
 required by the licensor or his assigns, l>ut at the expense of the Jo keep and 
 licensee [or his assigns], verify or procure some fitting person in counts and 
 his [or their] employ to verify the said statement or any part or 
 parts thereof by statutory declaration: AND ALSO 'will place on books. 
 some conspicuous part of every article manufactured by him [or To verif y 
 
 L statements of 
 
 his assigns] as aforesaid as soon as the same shall be completed a account. 
 metal plate [or "label" or, &cJ\ furnished 'by the licensor or To use the 
 his assigns as and when required by the licensee [or his assigns], ^ articles. 
 bearing some number showing the order of 'manufacture, and also 
 having an inscription or mark of the kind shown in the margin 
 hereof, or such other inscription or mark as the licensor or his 
 assigns may think fit to adopt, and will not retain or sell or part 
 -with the possession of any such article without the said plate [or 
 " label " or, &c.~\ being placed thereon as aforesaid: AND ALSO will 
 on each half-yearly day aforesaid, or within twenty-one days 
 thereafter, pay to the licensor or his assigns for the said plates [or 
 
 (6) The licence should be registered: sect. 28 of the Act of 1907.
 
 1098 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 To manufac- 
 ture only 
 according' to 
 the specifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Licensor 
 may inspect 
 factory. 
 
 No assign- 
 ment, charge, 
 &c. of the 
 licence or 
 grant of sub- 
 licences. 
 
 Not to dis- 
 pute validity 
 of patent. 
 
 To detect in- 
 fringements 
 and assist 
 licensor in 
 proceedings. 
 
 Power for 
 licensor to 
 
 "labels " or, etc.] so furnished in the half-year then ended a& 
 aforesaid at the rate of - - shillings per dozen including the 
 cost of carriage and delivery thereof: AND ALSO that [neither] the- 
 licensee [nor his assigns] will [not] daring the continuance of this 
 licence, without the written consent of the licensor or his assigns, 
 manufacture any article aforesaid without the application of the 
 said invention as described in the specification thereof for the 
 time being in force at the Patent Office, [and in case he [o,r his 
 assigns] shall do so without such consent "will pay to the licensor or 
 his assigns such sum or sums by way of .royalty to the amount or 
 respective amounts and otherwise as aforesaid in respect of any 
 article or articles manufactured by him [or 'them] contrary to- 
 this covenant as if the same had been manufactured in accord- 
 ance therewith]: AND ALSO that the licensor or his assigns or his 
 or their agents shall be at liberty at all reasonable times during the 
 continuance of this licence to enter any place of the licensee [or 
 his assigns] where the manufacture or sale of the said articles- 
 shall be carried .on, in order to ascertain the state or extent of such 
 manufacture or sale, and that all covenants by the licensee herein, 
 contained have been or are being duly performed or observed:' 
 AND ALSO that [neither] the licensee [nor his assigns] will [not],. 
 without the written consent of the licensor or his assigns first had 
 and obtained, assign, or mortgage, charge, or grant sub-licences- 
 in respect of, ,or otherwise deal or part with the possession or 
 control of this licence, or attempt so to do, [but such consent shall 
 not be arbitrarily withheld] : AND ALSO that [neither] the licensee 
 [nor his assigns] will [not] during the continuance of this licence,. 
 nor at any time after the determination thereof, dispute or object 
 to the validity of the said letters patent, or the novelty or utility 
 of the said invention: AND ALSO that the licensee [or his assigns] 
 will use his [or their] best endeavours to detect every suspected 
 infringement of the said letters patent within the said district, 
 and will give the licensor or his assigns written notice thereof 
 as soon as the licensee [or his assigns] shall have suspected and 
 also (if the case) ascertained the same, and will, at the expense of 
 the licensor or his assigns as to actual disbursements (if any) 
 made or liabilities (if any) incurred thereby, assist him or them 
 in any proceedings undertaken by him or them in respect thereof 
 as shall be reasonably required: AND IT is HEREBY DECLARED 
 that the licensor .or his assigns shall be at liberty at any time after
 
 LICENCES. 1099 
 
 the -- day of - , 19 , to servo the licensee for his assigns'] with revoke ou 
 
 notice 
 
 a written notice to revoke this licence, which accordingly shall 
 stand and be revoked at the expiration of - - weeks from the 
 date of such service, but without prejudice to the payment of 
 any royalties or other sums due hereunder up to the time of re- 
 vocation: AND EACH of them the said parties thereto doth hereby Mutual 
 covenant with the other of them that he [or his assigns] will at the 
 
 earliest opportunity either at his [or their] own place [or respec- ments - 
 tive places] of business, or by post (if suitable), or otherwise, 
 as shall be reasonably required during the continuance of this 
 licence, communicate and explain to the other of them Tor his 
 assigns], free of charge except as to expenses out of pocket incurred 
 thereby, any improvement in or addition to the said invention or 
 mode of applying the same, or any discovery useful for the manu- 
 facture of the said articles that he [or they] may invent, ascertain, 
 or make, or otherwise be enabled to communicate, and that every 
 such improvement, addition, or discovery (whether the same shall 
 be or become patented or not), shall, during the continuance of 
 this licence, be for the use of both parties hereto [or their respec- 
 tive assigns], and if made, invented, or ascertained by the licensor 
 [or his assigns], shall for the purposes hereof be deemed part of 
 the said invention. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (c). 
 
 32. LICENCE (exclusive} at RENT and ROYALTIES. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of 
 the one part, and C. D., of, &c., of the other part [recite as in Recitals. 
 Precedent 30, ante, but use the expression " sole and exclusive Grant - 
 licence"]. NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that 
 in pursuance of the said agreement, and in consideration of the 
 royalties and rent hereinafter reserved, and the obligations of 
 the licensee hereinafter contained, the licensor doth hereby grant 
 unto the licensee [and his assigns] the full, sole, and exclusive 
 liberty, right, licence, power, and authority, within the town of 
 
 , in the county of , to a radius of - - miles from the 
 
 front of the town hall thereof, to use, exercise, and vend the said 
 invention: To HAVE, HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the said premises 
 
 (c) The licence should be registered. (See sect. 28 of the Act of 1907.) 
 B. VOL. II. 16
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Reddendum. 
 
 Covenanta an 
 to validity of 
 patent ami 
 power to 
 grant. 
 
 Lici-nxee's 
 covenants. 
 
 To pay 
 royalties, 
 
 and rent. 
 
 Average 
 clause. 
 
 Accounts. 
 
 Use of patent 
 mark. 
 
 Manufacture 
 according to 
 specification. 
 
 Liberty to 
 
 inspect 
 
 factory. 
 
 Nn assign- 
 ment, &c. 
 without 
 consent. 
 
 Proviso 
 giving power 
 to grant sub- 
 liccncee, 
 
 unto and by the licensee and his assigns, for and during the residue 
 now to come and un expired of the said terra of fourteen years, and 
 during any further term for which the said letters patent may be 
 prolonged [YIELDING AND PAYING, &c. (d)]: AND THE LICENSOR 
 doth hereby covenant, &c. [Qualified covenants as to validity of 
 patent and power to grant, as in last precedent]: AND THE 
 LICENSEE doth hereby covenant with the licensor, &c. [Covenant 
 for payment of royalties as in Precedent 30, but importing 
 "assigns" and continuing as follows]: AND ALSO such further 
 sum (if any) as together with the said royalties shall amount to 
 
 the sum of (hereinafter called " the rent ") [that is to say, 
 
 a sum equal to the amount of royalties on - - of the said 
 articles (e)]: PROVIDED ALWAYS that if the rent for any half- 
 year shall exceed the total amount of royalties due therefor, the 
 licensee or his assigns shall be entitled, for any one or more suc- 
 ceeding half-years (so far as necessary for the purpose) for which 
 respectively the total amount of royalties due shall exceed the rent, 
 to a remission of so much of the latter excess as will make up to 
 him or them the excess of payment made in the half-year for 
 which the rent shall have exceeded the royalties due therefor as 
 aforesaid: AND THE LICENSEE doth hereby also covenant with the 
 licensor, &c. [Covenants as to keeping, furnishing, and verifying 
 accounts, and allowing inspection of books, the use of the patent 
 mark, manufacture only according to the specification, and liberty 
 to inspect the factory, as in last precedent] : AND ALSO that neither 
 the licensee nor his assigns will, without the written consent of 
 the licensor or his assigns first had and obtained, assign, or mort- 
 gage, charge, [grant Sub-licences in respect of (/)] or otherwise 
 deal or part with the possession or control of this licence, or attempt 
 so to do [except by way of sub-licensing as next hereinafter pro- 
 vided], but such consent shall not be arbitrarily withheld: [PRO- 
 VIDED ALWAYS that it shall be lawful for the licensee and his 
 assigns to grant sub-licences hereunder, which shall respectively 
 
 (rf) As to the insertion of the reddendum, see ante, p. 1096, n. (y). 
 
 (e) The matter in brackets is objectionable on the ground that some 
 discrepancy might, by the mention of the wrong number of articles, 
 arise between it and the statement as to the amount of royalty. Its inser- 
 tion, on the other hand, is no doubt convenient. 
 
 (/) Omit this reference to sub-licensing if the next later matter in 
 brackets is to be inserted.
 
 LICENCES. 
 
 be according to the terms (amongst others) mentioned in the 
 
 schedule hereto: PROVIDED ALSO, that the licensee or his assigns but notice and 
 
 shall, immediately after the grant by him or them of any sub- 
 
 licence, give the licensor or his assigns written notice thereof, 
 
 stating the date thereof, the name and address of the sub-licensee, 
 
 the nature of the privileges thereby granted, the amount and times 
 
 for payment of the royalties reserved thereunder, the length of 
 
 the term comprised therein, and the locality in which the same 
 
 is to bo enjoyed, and also showing that the sub-licence contains 
 
 the terms hereinbefore provided in this behalf]: AND THE LICENSEE Not to dis- 
 
 doth hereby also covenant with the licensor that neither he, the ^patent and 
 
 licensee, nor his assigns will during the continuance of this licence, to detect m- 
 
 &c. [Covenants as to not disputing the validity of the patent and assist 
 
 and to detect infringements and assist licensor, as in last pre- 
 
 cedent, saying " undertaken (unrequested by the licensee or his 
 
 a88iqns)"~\: AND THE LICENSOR doth hereby covenant with the f l(rther 
 
 iiii- i -nil- covenants. 
 
 licensee that he the licensor or his assigns will, during the co,n- To feeg 
 tinuance of this licence, pay all fees necessary for the renewal of and observe 
 the said letters patent - days at least before the latest times patent. 
 appointed for the payment thereof respectively, and, when 
 required by the licensee or his assigns, produce the certificate to 
 him or them of any payment thereof, or permit the licensee or his 
 assigns to pay any one or more of such fees, and to deduct the 
 amount of the same if and when so paid by him or them from the 
 amount of royalties or other sums for the time being due here- 
 under, and also generally perform or observe the conditions of the 
 
 said letters patent: AND ALSO that the licensor or his assigns will, To defend 
 ,,. ,. . ..,. ,. proceedings 
 
 at all times during the continuance of this licence, at his or f or revocation 
 their own cost, defend every proceeding for the revocation of the and at c ? 8t of 
 
 J r . licensee to 
 
 said letters patent, and at all times aforesaid, at the request and take proceed- 
 cost of the licensee or his assigns, commence and prosecute all 
 
 legal or other proceedings in respect of any infringement or sus- or permit 
 
 pected infringement of the said letters patent committed within 
 
 the said district, or permit the licensee or his assigns at the 
 
 like cost so to do in the name of the licensor or his assigns: AND Not to amend 
 
 . . . .,, . specification. 
 
 THAT neither the licensor nor his assigns will at any time during 
 
 the continuance of this licence amend the specification for the 
 time being in force at the Patent Office of the said invention 
 without the written consent of the licensee or his assigns, but such 
 consent shall not be arbitrarily withheld : AND THAT he, the That no other 
 
 16 (*} licences
 
 1102 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 within 
 district are 
 
 subsisting. 
 
 Not to use, 
 &o. invention 
 in district. 
 
 Mutual 
 covenant as to 
 improve- 
 ments, &c. 
 
 Proviso for 
 revocation by 
 licensor 
 on default in 
 payment or 
 breaches, &c. 
 
 licensor, hath not heretofore granted any licence for use of the 
 said invention within the said district: AND THAT neither the 
 licensor nor his assigns will, during the subsistence of this licence, 
 use the said invention or grant licences in respect thereof or autho- 
 rise any person whomsoever to use the said invention within the 
 said district: AND EACH of them, the said parties hereto, doth 
 hereby covenant with the other of them that, &c. [Mutual cove- 
 nant as to improvements, dc., as in last precedent]: PROVIDED 
 ALWAYS that if any royalties or other sums payable hereunder by 
 the licensee or his assigns or any part thereof respectively shall 
 for any half-year aforesaid be not paid within twenty-one days 
 from the expiration thereof (whether demanded or not), or if 
 the licensee or his assigns shall make default in any other obliga- 
 1 ion by him herein contained, and (in the case of a breach capable of 
 being made good) shall, for the space of - - days after he shall 
 have been served with a notice in writing by the licensor or his 
 assigns to make good the said breach, neglect or omit so to do, 
 or if the licensee or his assigns shall become bankrupt or commit 
 any act of bankruptcy, whether available for adjudication or not, 
 then the licensor or his assigns, at any time thereafter, and not- 
 withstanding any merely implied waiver by him or them of his 
 or their right so to do, may, by serving the licensee or his assigns 
 or his or their trustees in bankruptcy (if any) with a notice in 
 writing for this purpose, forthwith revoke this licence, without 
 prejudice, however, to the recovery by the licensor or his assigns 
 of any moneys then already due, or to any right of action by or on 
 behalf of either party or his assigns for past breaches accrued here- 
 under: PROVIDED ALSO that if the said letters patent shall from any 
 cause become wholly, or as to some material part of the said inven- 
 tion, void and incapable of being restored (notwithstanding that 
 any judgment in revocation of the said letters patent to the extent 
 aforesaid shall or shall not be appealed against), the licensee or 
 his assigns may at any time thereafter, by notice in writing 
 served on the licensor or his assigns, determine this licence forth- 
 with, without prejudice, however, to the recovery by the licensor 
 or his assigns of any royalties or other sums then already due- 
 to the licensor or his assigns hereunder, or to any right of action 
 then already accrued to either party or his assigns hereunder: 
 Acknowledg- AND THE LICENSOR hereby acknowledges the right of the licensee 
 and his assigns to the production of the said letters patent, and 
 
 Proviso for 
 determination 
 of licence if 
 patent void. 
 
 iiu-iit. &c. as
 
 LICENCES. 1103 
 
 any other letters patent in prolongation thereof, and to the to th * letters 
 delivery and right to take copies of the same, and hereby under- 
 takes for the safe custody thereof respectively. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (g). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 33. LICENCE (exclusive) at RENT and ROYALTIES to MANU- 
 FACTURE and SELL CHEMICALS FOREIGN CONCESSION 
 held by LICENSOR to get the RAW MATERIAL LICENSOR 
 to supply LICENSEE with the MATERIAL at PRICES 
 ANALYSES of CARGOES by CHEMISTS No RENT payable 
 when SUPPLY insufficient. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the - - day of, &c., BETWEEN 
 A. B., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the licensor"), of the one Recitals. 
 part, and C. D., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS by letters Grant of 
 patent, &c. [Grant of patent, and devolution (if any) of title, ut 
 ante, p. 1095]: AND WHEREAS by an instrument in writing, title. 
 or acte d'autorite, dated, &c., under the seals of, &c. (hereinafter 
 
 . . . x concession to 
 
 called "the said concession"), the licensor has obtained from obtain raw 
 the Government of - the sole and free right and liberty to Inatena1 ' 
 search, dig for, obtain, and take away in and from the Island 
 of - , in, &c. [name of raw material], subject to such royalties 
 or duties as therein mentioned, for the term of 7 years from the 
 
 day of , determinable and renewable as therein provided: 
 
 AND WHEREAS the said [raw material] is the principal ingredient 
 for the manufacture of, &c. [the patent material], and usually 
 
 contains a considerable proportion of acid : AND WHEREAS for manufac- 
 
 the said C. D. (hereinafter called "the licensee") is established *^J the 
 
 at aforesaid as a manufacturer of chemicals of various kinds: chemicals. 
 
 AND WHEREAS the licensor has agreed to grant the licensee a Licensee 
 sole and exclusive licence to manufacture chemicals according to in business, 
 the said invention within the counties of, &c., &c., upon the terms Agreement to 
 hereinafter appearing, and to supply him with the [raw material] l^u^ce" 
 in certain minimum quantities from time to time upon the terms i s t Testatum. 
 
 hereinafter expressed: AND WHEREAS, in view of the grant of Grant of 
 exclusive 
 
 (gr) The licence should be registered.
 
 1104 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 licence 
 for district. 
 
 Covenants as 
 
 to validity of 
 
 patent 
 
 and rijfht to 
 
 grant. 
 
 2nd Tantalum. 
 
 Covenants. 
 
 Royalties up 
 to a in minium 
 on chemicals 
 manufac- 
 tured. 
 
 Average 
 clause. 
 
 this licence, the licensee hath already purchased from the licensor 
 a considerable quantity of the said [raw material]. NOW THIS 
 INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the said 
 agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the royalties 
 and rent hereinafter reserved, and the covenants and agreements 
 on the part of the licensee hereinafter contained, the licensor doth 
 hereby grant unto the licensee and his assigns the full, sole, and 
 exclusive liberty, right, licence, power, and authority, within the 
 said counties of, &c., &c. (hereinafter called " the said district"), 
 to manufacture chemicals according to the said invention, and also 
 to sell the chemicals so manufactured: To HAVE, HOLD, exercise, 
 and enjoy the said licence and premises unto and by the licensee 
 and his assigns, for and during all the residue now to come and 
 unexpired of the said term of fourteen years granted by the said 
 letters patent, and during any further term for which the said 
 letters patent may be prolonged: AND THE LICENSOR doth hereby 
 covenant with the licensee, &c. [Covenants as to validity of patent 
 and right to grant as in Precedent 31, ante]: AND THIS IN- 
 DENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the 
 said agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the premises, 
 it is agreed and declared as follows (h}: 
 
 1 . The licensee shall, during the continuance of this licence, pay 
 
 to the licensor half-yearly on every day of and - 
 
 day of , royalties at the rate of shillings per pound 
 
 on all chemicals manufactured by the licensee hereunder in the 
 half-years then ending respectively, and also such further sum 
 (if any) as. together with the said royalties, shall amount to the 
 sum of - (hereinafter called " the rent ") [that is to say, a 
 
 sum equal to the amount of royalties on Ibs. of the said 
 
 chemicals]. 
 
 2. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the rent for any half-year shall 
 exceed the total amount of royalties due therefor, the licensee shall 
 be entitled for any one or more succeeding half-year (so far as 
 necessary for the purpose) for which respectively the total amount 
 of royalties due shall exceed the rent, to a remission of so much of 
 
 (A) The system of clauses is adopted in this and the following prece- 
 dents of licences, as being most suitable to what may be called the informal 
 part of the deed, as distinguished from that part of it which contains 
 the actual licence and the covenants for title.
 
 LICENCES. 1105 
 
 the latter excess as will make up to him the excess of payment 
 made in the half-year for which the rent shall have exceeded the 
 royalties due therefor as aforesaid. 
 
 3. PROVIDED ALSO, that in the event of the said concession Proviso as to 
 becoming determined, or the supply of material from the said of' 
 
 Island of - - within the limits aforesaid becoming exhausted, or any half-year 
 i i i i T n i IP if insufficient 
 
 any other event whereby the licensor shall be in any one half-year supply of 
 become unable to and in fact not supply to the licensee the said material - 
 material to the amount of -- tons at least as hereinafter pro- 
 vided, the rent shall not become payable for such half-year, but 
 this proviso shall not affect the obligation of the licensee to pay 
 royalties on the amount of chemicals in the same period actually 
 manufactured by him subject to the operation of Clause 2 
 hereof (i). 
 
 4. The licensor shall, for every half-year during the continuance Licensor 
 of this licence (the first whereof, however, commencing on the licensee half - 
 - day of - (ft)), supply to the licensee, and the licensee yearly with 
 shall purchase from him - tons of the said material contain- we ight of 
 ing -- per cent, at least of - acid, and at the option of the ra w material 
 
 ' at fixed prices 
 
 licensee, a further amount not exceeding - tons of the said according to 
 
 material containing the like minimum percentage of - acid, and ^ ^cicP 
 the licensee shall pay for the different kinds of such material the 
 following prices, namely, for such quantity thereof as after 
 analysis shall be found to contain not less than - - per cent, of 
 
 acid, the price of - per ton, and for such quantity thereof 
 as shall be found as aforesaid to contain - - per cent, and not 
 less than -- per cent, of - acid, a price per ton in the same 
 proportion to the said sum of - as such lesser percentage of 
 
 - acid shall bear to the - percentage, and all quantities of 
 the said material so purchased, if coming from the said Island or 
 elsewhere abroad, shall be delivered to the licensee free ex ship in 
 the River Thames, or other place of arrival from abroad, and 
 the said prices shall be payable at the end of the respective half- 
 years in which the same shall be purchased. 
 
 5 . Any difference at any time between the parties as to the per- Analysis 
 
 of material by 
 
 chemists. 
 
 (i) The licensee may, by Clause 6, obtain material elsewhere, if and 
 while he is insufficiently supplied by the licensor. 
 
 (&) This might conveniently be six calendar months after date, the 
 licensee being already supplied with material.
 
 HOti PATENTS. 
 
 centagc of - - acid in the different quantities of material so 
 to be purchased shall be referred to the arbitration of some com- 
 petent and well-known chemist in Great Britain, or of two such 
 chemists, one to be appointed by each party hereto, and Clause 23 
 hereof shall, with the necessary modifications, be applicable to any 
 such reference. 
 License^ not g Tj ie licensee shall not during the continuance of this licence, 
 
 tO 8611, \T. . nil- 11 1 T 
 
 material without the written consent of the licensor, sell or otherwise dis- 
 
 
 P ose ^ an y suc ^ ma terial supplied by or through the licensor, 
 or purchase except in the form of chemicals manufactured according to the 
 riafellewhere specification of the said invention, nor (so long as the licensor 
 unless licensor 8 hall be able and willing to supply him therewith), purchase or 
 
 fail to supply . ". L 
 
 him. acquire from any other person or persons any material aforesaid 
 
 or other like material. 
 
 Books and 7. The licensee shall keep at his usual place of business all 
 
 accounts kept, prO p ei . books of account, and make true and complete entries 
 
 inspection, so. v 
 
 and accounts therein at the earliest opportunities, of all particulars necessary 
 or convenient for any of the purposes hereof, of all transactions 
 relating to the manufacture by him of chemicals under this licence, 
 and of the like chemicals sold by him hereunder, and shall pro- 
 duce the said books to the licensor, &c. [Production mid inspec- 
 tion of books, and delivery of accounts as in Precedent 30, omitting 
 reference to " assigns "]. And will, if and when required by 
 the licensor, but at the expense, &c. [Verification of statement as 
 in Precedent 31, ante]. 
 
 Use of patent 8. The licensee shall affix on every box, packet, bottle, jar, or 
 other receptacle of or containing the said chemicals, as and when 
 manufactured by him, a label or plate bearing the proper patent 
 mark and designation of the said invention, which shall be fur- 
 nished by the licensor (Z) as and when required by the licensee, 
 and shall not sell or part with the possession of any chemicals 
 aforesaid, or the receptacle containing them, without such mark 
 and designation being so affixed, and shall on each half-yearly day 
 aforesaid pay to the licensor for the said labels and plates so 
 furnished in the half-year then ended as aforesaid at the rate of 
 - shillings per gross of labels, and - - shillings per dozen 
 of plates aforesaid. 
 
 (I) Or refer to the patent mark, &c. as being " of the kind designated in 
 the margin hereof."
 
 LICENCES. 1 107 
 
 9. The licensee shall not during the continuance hereof, without To manufac- 
 tlie written consent of the licensor, manufacture any chemicals to spe cifi- 
 aforesaid (from whatever source supplied to him) without the cation - 
 application of the said invention as described in the accepted 
 specification thereof for the time being in force at the Patent 
 Office. And in case he shall do so without such consent shall but 
 without prejudice, &c. [As in Sp. Cl. 30, post, p. 1158, using the 
 term " chemicals " instead of " articles "]. 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 [For Clause 10, as to inspection of factory, use Precedent 31; riauses 
 for Clause 11, as to non-assignment, $c., with the proviso giving l 
 power to sub-license, and the proviso as to notice, dc., use last 
 Precedent ; for Clauses 12 and 13, as to not disputing the validity 
 of the patent, and detecting infringements and assisting licensor, 
 &c., use Precedent 31 [but, as to " assistance," with the qualifica- 
 tion as in Precedent 32]; and for Clauses 14 18, as to payment of 
 fees and observance of conditions of patent, defence in proceed- 
 ings for revocation and taking, &c. proceedings for infringe- 
 ments, non-amendment of specification, no other licences subsist- 
 ing, and non-user, &e. of invention within district, use the last 
 
 precedent.'] 
 
 # * * * * 
 
 19. Each of the parties hereto shall, during the continuance of Each party to 
 this licence, at the earliest opportunity, either at his own place of O f Improve- 
 business, or by post (if suitable), or otherwise as shall be reason- mentsmade 
 
 . / . , . by the other. 
 
 ably required, communicate, and explain, &c. [Mutual covenant 
 as to improvements, &c., as ante, p. 1099]. 
 
 20. If any royalties or other sums payable hereunder by the Power 
 licensee, or any part thereof respectively, shall remain unpaid for 
 twenty-one days after the time hereinbefore appointed for pay- covenants or 
 ment thereof (whether demanded or not), or if the licensee shall, licensee** ^ 
 &c. [Use last precedent]. 
 
 21. If the said letters patent shall from any cause become Power 
 wholly or as to some material part of the said invention void, and Determine 3 
 incapable of being restored (notwithstanding that any judgment licence if 
 in revocation of the said letters patent to the extent aforesaid shall become void 
 or shall not be appealed against) (m\ or if the licensor shall in or breaches 
 
 by licensor. 
 
 (ra) If a provision be inserted that during any proceedings for revoca- 
 tion, or pending any appeal from the judgment thereon the payment of
 
 1108 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Acknowledg- 
 ment, &c. as 
 to the letters 
 patent. 
 
 Arbitration 
 clause. 
 
 Transmission 
 clause. 
 
 any half-year make default in supplying the licensee with the 
 full minimum quantity of - - tons of the said material as afore- 
 said, the licensee may by notice in writing served on the licensor , 
 to operate at once in the former event, and at the expiration of 
 two calendar months from the end of such half-year in the latter 
 event, determine this licence, but such determination shall be 
 without prejudice to the recovery by either party of any moneys 
 then already due or right of action accrued hereunder. 
 
 22. The licensor hereby acknowledges the right of the licensee 
 to production, &c. \_As in last precedent, but omitting reference 
 to " assigns "]. 
 
 23. If any difference shall arise between the parties hereto other 
 than the difference referred to in Clause 5 hereof, in respect of 
 the construction hereof, or their respective rights, duties, or liabili- 
 ties hereunder, the same shall be referred to the award and deter- 
 mination of two arbitrators, to be chosen one by each party hereto, 
 and in case the said arbitrators disagree or fail to make an award 
 within - months after entering on the reference, or after hav- 
 ing been called on to act, by notice in writing from any party 
 to the submission, then to the award, umpirage, and determination 
 of such person as the said arbitrators shall appoint as umpire. 
 
 24. Except where in any case the context requires a different 
 interpretation, the expression " the licensor " or " the licensee," 
 or any other expression designating the same person, wheresoever 
 used herein, shall extend and be construed to apply also as far 
 as possible to the assigns of the person so designated. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (n). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 royalties shall be suspended or made to trustees (see Sp. Cl. 18 and 19, 
 post, p. 1154), the above matter in brackets should be omitted. 
 () The licence should be registered: sect. 28 of Act of 1907.
 
 LICENCES. 1 109 
 
 34. LICENCE (exclusive) to SELL the PATENT ARTICLES 
 LICENSOR both FRENCH and BRITISH PATENTEE 
 LICENSOR from FRENCH FACTORY or his BRITISH MANU- 
 FACTURING LICENSEES to supply ARTICLES MONTHLY at 
 PRICES. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the licensor"), of the one part, and C. D., of, 
 &c. (hereinafter called " the licensee "), of the other part: 
 WHEREAS the licensor is entitled to a Brevet d' Invention, dated, Recitals. 
 &c., and numbered, &c., granted to him for the sole and exclusive French 
 
 patent. 
 
 privilege of using and vending within the Republic of France a 
 certain invention described as, &c., for the term of fifteen years 
 from the day of : AND WHEREAS the licensee at his own British 
 
 -,i ,1 , patent taken 
 
 expense in part pursuance 01 an agreement with the licensor out in joint 
 obtained in the joint names of himself and the licensor letters names, 
 patent, dated, &c., numbered, &c., for the use of the said invention 
 within the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man for the term of 
 fourteen years: AND WHEREAS by an indenture dated, &c., and and then 
 made between the licensee, of the one part, and the licensor, of licensor 11 
 the other part, the licensee in further pursuance of the same agree- subject to 
 
 TIT i covenant 
 
 ment, and in consideration 01 the covenant by the licensor therein to grant this 
 contained to grant the licence hereinafter contained, duly released llcence - 
 and assigned to the licensor all his interest in the said letters 
 
 patent: AND WHEREAS the licensor is established at , in the Licensor 
 
 department of aforesaid, in the business of manufacturing France 8 as 
 
 articles according to the said invention: AND WHEREAS in further manufacturer, 
 pursuance of the same agreement the licensee hath purchased from 
 
 the licensor 500 of the said articles at the price of . 
 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance i< Tetat um . 
 of the said covenant in this behalf, and in consideration of the Grant . of 
 
 exclusive 
 
 premises, and also of the obligations on the part of the licensee licence in the 
 hereinafter contained, the licensor doth hereby grant unto the do ^ to ^ k 
 licensee and his assigns the full, sole, and exclusive liberty, right, the patent 
 licence, power, and authority, within the United Kingdom and 
 Isle of Man, to sell [articles] manufactured according to the speci- 
 fication of the said invention, or of any improvement thereof, 
 which shall be supplied to the licensee or his assigns by the licensor 
 or his assigns or otherwise as hereinafter mentioned: To HAVE, 
 HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the said licence and premises unto and
 
 1110 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Qualified 
 covenants as 
 t<> validity 
 and rijrht to 
 if rant. 
 
 'hid Tfxititiiiii. 
 
 Agreement 
 and declara- 
 tion. 
 
 Licensor 
 
 to supply and 
 
 licensee 
 
 purchase 
 
 minimum 
 
 number 
 
 of articles 
 
 monthly 
 
 at prices in 
 
 schedule. 
 
 Licensor 
 to supply 
 further 
 number 
 if required at 
 like prices 
 but time 
 allowed for 
 large orders. 
 
 Licensor not 
 to grant other 
 licences 
 to sell nor 
 (except on 
 condition of 
 not supplying 
 others than 
 
 by the licensee and his assigns for and during ail the residue now 
 to come and unexpired of the said term of fourteen years granted 
 by the said letters patent, and any further term for which the 
 said letters patent may be prolonged: AND THE LICENSOR doth 
 hereby covenant with the licensee, &c. [Qualified covenants as to 
 validity of patent and right to grant as in Precedent 31, ante]. 
 AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that in 
 pursuance of the said covenant in this behalf, and in consideration 
 of the premises, it is agreed and declared as follows: 
 
 1. The licensor shall, at or shortly before the end of each 
 calendar month during the continuance of this licence (the first 
 whereof commencing on the - - day of - - next), supply to 
 the licensee or his nominees, who shall accordingly purchase from 
 him - in number at least of each of the five classes of [articles] 
 which can be manufactured according to the said invention or 
 any improvement thereof at the prices respectively mentioned in 
 the schedule hereto, according to the variations in price for the 
 time being of [raw material] and the cotton or textile fabric out of 
 which their covers are made, which shall be payable by drafts or 
 
 bills of days after the delivery (as hereinafter defined) of 
 
 the said articles respectively. 
 
 2. The licensor shall at all times during the continuance of the 
 licence supply the licensee or his nominees with any further 
 number of the said articles than as aforesaid not exceeding 
 altogether - of any class or classes per calendar month, as and 
 when required by the licensee or his nominees, at the respective 
 prices, and with the like mode of payment as aforesaid: PRO- 
 VIDED ALWAYS, that the licensee or (as the case may be) his 
 nominee or nominees shall in every case under this clause allow 
 the licensor or person or persons authorised by him to supply the 
 same days at least for the execution of any order which shall 
 
 be for more than articles altogether of any class or classes, 
 
 and shall also allow an interval of - - days at least for the 
 execution of two consecutive orders each of which may be for 
 more than the same number of articles. 
 
 '-}. The licensor shall not during the subsistence of this licence 
 sell the said articles, nor grant any other licence to sell the same 
 within the United Kingdom or Isle of Man, and shall not, unless 
 subject to the condition (amongst others) that the licensee there- 
 under shall not sell or supply any such articles to any person or
 
 LICENCES. 11 11 
 
 persons, firm or company, within the United Kingdom or Isle of ti" 8 licensee) 
 Man other than to the licensee or his nominees, grant any licence ture within 
 
 under the said letters patent to manufacture the said articles: ? lte 
 
 Kingdo 
 
 PROVIDED, however, that the licensee (party hereto) shall, at the 
 written request of the licensor, join in any such licence last afore- 
 said, in order to covenant with the licensee thereunder to pay to 
 him, at the prices and by drafts or bills as aforesaid, for the articles 
 which shall be supplied to him or his nominees by such licensee by 
 way of satisfaction pro tanto of any covenant by the licensor in 
 this behalf hereinbefore contained, and (if the licensor shall think 
 fit) shall obtain a covenant by the licensee thereunder to supply 
 him or his nominees with the said articles either to the full extent 
 of the obligations of the licensor hereunder in this respect, or to 
 any lesser extent. 
 
 4. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the prices Licensee 
 of all articles aforesaid which shall be supplied hereunder to the 
 licensee or his assigns or his or their nominees shall be guaranteed articles sup- 
 by the licensee himself (o). assigns 
 
 5. The delivery of any articles aforesaid to a railway company or nominees. 
 or other common carrier on the sale thereof to the licensee or his 
 nominees shall be deemed a delivery to him or them thereof. 
 
 6. All articles supplied by the licensor or his licensees as afore- Articles to be 
 
 11111 P i i P i 11- i * good make, 
 
 said shall be 01 the best manufacture, and as delivered to the & c . or may be 
 
 railway company or other common carrier as aforesaid in good and returned - 
 
 merchantable condition, or, if not, the licensee or his nominee or 
 
 nominees (if any) to whom any of the same shall be supplied may, 
 
 within six days from their receipt by him or them at his or their 
 
 usual place of business in London, in due course of transit, return 
 
 them to the licensor or the licensee or other person supplying the 
 
 same, and the licensor or such licensee or person shall allow or pay 
 
 to him or them all expenses (if any) incurred by him or them in 
 
 respect of the carriage to and fro thereof. 
 
 7 . The licensee shall keep or cause to be kept undef aced the Use of patent. 
 patent mark on every article supplied to him or his nominees n 
 hereunder, and so that the same shall not be sold or parted with 
 while not bearing the patent mark. 
 
 ***** 
 
 (o) This guarantee will enable the licensor to dispense with a covenant 
 against assignment, &c.
 
 1112 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Clausen 
 812. 
 
 Determi- 
 nation by 
 licensee if 
 patent void or 
 insufficient 
 supply. 
 
 Revocation of 
 licence if 
 payments in 
 arrear or on 
 bankruptcy, 
 Ac. 
 
 Remaining 
 
 [For Clauses as to not disputing validity and detecting in- 
 fringements (p) and assisting licensor, <&c., use Precedent 31 [but, 
 as to "assistance," with the qualification as in Precedent 32]: 
 and for Clauses a ? to payment of fees and observance of conditions, 
 defence in proceedings for revocation and taking, &c. proceedings 
 for infringements (q), and no other licences " to sett " having 
 !><< n granted, use Precedent 32] (r). 
 
 13. If the said letters patent shall from any cause become 
 wholly or as to some material part of the said invention void, &c. 
 [Power to determine if patent void or insufficient supply " in any 
 calendar month aforesaid of the full minimum quantity of - 
 articles as aforesaid," using Clause 21 of last precedent]. 
 
 14. If for the space of days from the time of delivery 
 
 (as hereinbefore defined) of any articles supplied to the licensee 
 or his nominees hereunder, there shall not be sent or given to the 
 licensor or other person or persons entitled thereto a draft or bill 
 in payment of the prices therefor respectively as aforesaid, or if 
 any such draft or bill shall be dishonoured, or if the licensee shall 
 make default, &c., become bankrupt, &c., then the licensor at any 
 time thereafter, &c. [Use Precedent 32, ante]. 
 
 [For the remaining clauses as to the undertaking to produce the 
 letters patent, &c., Arbitration Clause, and Transmission Clause, 
 refer to last precedent.] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (s). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 (p) That is, as to infringements in manufacture or sale. 
 
 (g) This had better be limited to infringements with respect to the sale 
 of the articles, and not the manufacture of them. 
 
 (r) A covenant against assignment, &c., or sub-licensing, is not inserted, 
 iis being too restrictive of the right of the licensee under Clause 3 to 
 nominate persons to take goods direct from the licensor, &c., and would 
 hamper him in the sales. A covenant by licensor not to sell or grant other 
 licences appears in Clause 3. 
 
 () The licence should be registered.
 
 LICENCF.S. 1113 
 
 35. LICENCE to a FIRM to MANUFACTURE at OWN WORKS 
 and (subject to RESERVATION to grant LIMITED NUM- 
 BER of. SELLING LICENCES) to SELL the PATENT ARTICLES . 
 WITHIN a DISTRICT RENTS and ROYALTIES on SALES, 
 or at OPTION of LICENSEES both on MANUFACTURES and 
 SALES DELIVERY of ARTICLES to SUB-LICENSEES to be 
 deemed SALES. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the licensor"), of the one part, and C. D. and' 
 E. F., carrying on the business of, &c., at, &c., as co-partners 
 under the firm of, &c. (hereinafter called " the licensees "), of Retitak. 
 the other part: WHEREAS by letters patent, &c. [Grant, ut ante, Grant - 
 j>. 1095]: AND WHEREAS the licensor hath agreed to grant the 
 licensees a licence to use the said invention at their own works at 
 
 R. aforesaid, and to sell the s manufactured by them thereby 
 
 within the counties of, &c., subject to the reservations, and upon 
 the terms hereinafter appearing: NOW THIS INDENTURE 
 WITNESS ETH that in consideration of the royalties and rent 
 hereinafter reserved, and the covenants and agreements on the 
 part of the licensees hereinafter contained, the licensor doth hereby 
 grant unto the licensees and their assigns the full, sole, and exclu- 
 sive liberty, right, licence, power, and authority to make, use, 
 and exercise the said invention and manufacture s according 
 thereto, at their works at R. aforesaid, but not elsewhere, and also 
 to sell the so manufactured within the counties of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the said district "): EXCEPTING AND RESERVING 
 unto the licensor and his assigns the right within the said district 
 (but not to the exclusion of the licensees or their assigns) to grant 
 licences () to any persons, firms or companies respectively, to sell 
 
 the said s, but so that not more than six in number of such 
 
 licences shall be subsisting at the same time: To HAVE, HOLD, 
 exercise, and enjoy the said licence and premises unto and by the 
 licensees and their assigns for and during all the residue, &c. [As 
 in last precedent^, but so long only as the licensees or either of 
 them or their or his assigns shall, either alone or in co-partnership 
 with any other person or persons, continue and carry on the busi- 
 ness of, &c., at the said works at R., under the firm of, &c.: AND 
 
 (<) See Clause 18.
 
 1114 
 
 PATKNTS. 
 
 The term 
 "licensees" 
 to include 
 assigns as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Royalties 
 half-yearly on 
 articles sold. 
 
 Average 
 clause. 
 
 Licensees may 
 vary above 
 royalties by 
 paying both 
 as to manu- 
 facture and 
 sale. 
 
 Proviso that 
 articles un- 
 sold at end of 
 licence be 
 treated as 
 sold and bear 
 royalties 
 accordingly 
 less discount. 
 
 THE LICENSOR doth hereby covenant, &c. [Qualified covenants as 
 to validity of patent and right to grant as in Precedent 31, ante]: 
 AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that in 
 consideration of the premises it is agreed and declared as follows: 
 
 1. The said term " the licensees " shall also be applicable herein 
 as far as can be to the survivor of the said C. D. and E. F., 
 or other the persons or person for the time being constituting the 
 said firm carrying on the said business at R. (u). 
 
 2. The licensees shall, during the continuance of this licence, 
 subject to the provisions of the next two clauses respectively, 
 pay to the licensor half-yearly on every - day of - and - 
 day of - - for every - - manufactured by them hereunder, 
 and in the half-years then ending respectively sold by them, the 
 royalties mentioned in the first part of the schedule hereto, accord- 
 ing to the size and description of the - s so sold, and also such 
 further sum (if any) as together with the said royalties shall 
 amount to the sum of - (hereinafter called "the rent"). 
 
 3. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the rent for any half-year shall 
 exceed the royalties, &c. [As in Clause 2, p. 1104, ante]. 
 
 4. The licensees may, at the end of each half-year, without 
 giving any previous notice to the licensor of their intention so to 
 do (but so as not thereby to reduce the rent), vary the amount of 
 royalties in respect of any of the articles aforesaid not being less 
 than - - in number then in their possession and unsold, by 
 debiting themselves therefor in the accounts for such half-year 
 with tho royalties in this behalf mentioned in the second part of 
 the schedule hereto, and so that at the end of any succeeding half- 
 year in which the same articles shall be sold they shall debit them- 
 selves therefor in the accounts with the further royalties in this 
 behalf also mentioned in the second part of the said schedule: 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS, that at the end or sooner termination of this 
 licence all articles in the possession of the licensees not then 
 already sold, whether actually manufactured or only in course of 
 manufacture, shall bear the royalties which would respectively 
 become payable by virtue of this clause or Clause 2 as if the same 
 
 () As to covenants binding assigns, see Werdermann v. Societe 
 Generate d'Electricite, 19 Ch. D. 246, as explained in Bagot Pneumatic 
 Tyre Co. v. Clipper Pneumatic Tyre Co., [1902] 1 Ch. 146.
 
 LICENCKS. 1H5 
 
 had been actually sold, less, however, a discount of - - per cent, 
 thereof. 
 
 5. All articles delivered or sent by the licensees to any of their Delivery 
 sub-licensees according to the terms of their respective sub-licences f articles to 
 
 . sub -licensees 
 
 shall for the purposes of this licence be considered as having been to be deemed 
 actually sold by the licensees at the respective times when the same a 
 shall have left their said works in the possession of or to be 
 delivered to such sub-licensees respectively. And the licensees 
 shall accordingly pay in respect of such articles the royalties pro- 
 vided by Clause 2, or (as the case may require) Clause 4, to be 
 paid in respect of sales, less a discount of per cent, thereof. 
 
 6. The licensees shall keep at their works at R. aforesaid all Accounts 
 proper books of account, &c. [Use Precedent 30, with the addition infection 
 from Precedent 31, as to verification of statements]. allowed, &c. 
 
 ***** 
 
 [For other clauses not inserted or provided for hereinafter, see clauses 
 Precedents 3033, ante ().] 7 ~ 17 - 
 
 ***** 
 
 18. The licensor shall not within the said district during the Covenant by 
 continuance of this licence use the said invention, or any invention ucensor a? to 
 
 / * _ non-user in 
 
 for the time being subject hereto, or grant licences in respect district except 
 thereof, except that lie may grant licences to sell but not to manu- uc 
 facture the said articles to such an extent only that there shall not reserved 
 
 T)O wcr 
 
 be more than six in number of such licences subsisting at the same 
 time, and that the respective licensees thereunder shall be bond 
 fide purchasers from or through the licensor of the articles supplied 
 to them respectively, and not his mere agents for the sale thereof 
 respectively, whether on commission or otherwise. 
 
 (v) The ordinary covenants may be taken to be eleven in number, 
 namely, covenants by the licensees to use the patent mark; to manufac- 
 ture only according to the specification; to allow inspection of factory; 
 not to assign, &c. (with provisoes granting power to sub-license, and' 
 requiring notice of sub-licences as .in Precedent 32); not to dispute 
 validity of patent; and to detect infringements and give notice thereof; 
 and covenants by the licensor to pay fees and perform conditions of 
 patent; to defend patent; to take proceedings for infringements or permit 
 licensees, &c.; not to amend specification; and that there are no other 
 subsisting licences within the district. See the qualification as to " assist- 
 ance " in Precedent 32. 
 
 B. VOL.11. 17
 
 1116 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Remaining 
 
 Clail8t'8. 
 
 [For a mutual covenant as to improvements, $c., use 
 Precedent 31 ; power of revocation (x), use Precedent 32; power of 
 determination by licensees, use Precedent 33 (except as to default 
 in supplying material) ; acknowledgment, &c., as to the letters 
 patent, use Precedent 32; arbitration and transmission clauses, 
 use Precedent 33.] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (*/). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 First Part. 
 
 Second Part. 
 
 Recitals. 
 Grant of 
 patent to 
 A. B. 
 Articles of 
 partnership 
 between the 
 licensors 
 making the 
 patent an 
 asset of the 
 firm. 
 
 36. LICENCE (exclusive} for a DISTRICT at a sum the 
 balance whereoj is payable in five years by half-yearly 
 INSTALMENTS // any instalment in arrear, final balance, 
 or any part demanded, at once payable PAYMENTS TO 
 . CEASE if Patent void, but to revive if decision over- 
 ruled CESSER OF PAYMENT to be taken as DAMAGES 
 ASSIGNMENT for the District, when all Moneys paid 
 REVOCATION of the Licence if long Default in Pay- 
 ment or Bankruptcy Licensee may determine on breach 
 by Licensor. 
 
 [SALE on HIRE SYSTEM.] 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., and 
 C. D., of, &c. (hereinafter called " the licensors ") of the one part, 
 and E. F., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the licensee ") of the 
 other part: WHEREAS by letters patent, &c. [Grant of patent to 
 A. B., ui ante, p. 1093]: AND WHEREAS by articles of partnership 
 dated, &c., and made between the said A. B. of the one part 
 and the said C. D. of the other part it was declared (amongst 
 other things) that the said parties thereto should become part- 
 ners for the term of years from the date thereof in the business 
 of, &c., including the manufacture and sale of - , which might 
 
 (a;) la the clause conferring this power on the licensor, use, with 
 reference to the bankruptcy of the licensees, the expression " the licensees 
 or any member or members of the said firm for the time being." 
 
 (?/) The licence should be registered.
 
 LICENCES. 1117 
 
 be manufactured according to the said invention: And that the 
 .said letters patent and any extension thereof, together with the 
 benefit of any improvements made or acquired during the partner- 
 ship by either party, and the letters patent (if any) in respect 
 thereof, should be assets of the partnership: And that no licence 
 under the said letters patent or any of them should be granted by 
 the said A. B. without the concurrence of the said C. D.: AND Agreement to 
 WHEREAS the licensors have agreed with the licensee to grant ^^ the 
 to him an exclusive licence within the district comprising the 
 
 city of in the county of - - to the extent of - - miles in 
 
 radius from, &c., to manufacture and otherwise to use, exercise, 
 
 and vend the said invention, and ultimately to assign to or vest 
 
 in him the patent rights aforesaid for the said district, at the price 
 
 of - payable by instalments as hereinafter provided: NOW 1st Testatum. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the g< 
 
 said agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the sum of consideration 
 
 this day paid to the licensors by the licensee (the receipt of sum paid 
 
 * and covenant 
 
 whereof is hereby acknowledged), and of the covenant by the to pay 
 
 licensee for payment of the sum of (the balance of the said a nd'other 
 
 purchase-money of ) by instalments, and of other covenants covenants. 
 
 .and conditions on the part of the licensor hereinafter contained, 
 
 they the licensors as beneficial owners respectively according to 
 
 their respective interests as aforesaid do, and each of them doth, 
 
 hereby grant unto the licensee and his assigns the full, sole, and 
 
 exclusive liberty, licence, right, power, and authority, within, &c. 
 
 [the district], to use, exercise, and vend the said invention: To To hold until 
 
 HAVE, HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the said premises unto and by effecte'd if 
 
 the licensee and his assigns henceforth (as hereinafter provided) licence not 
 
 i i -11111 previously 
 
 until the licensee or his assigns shall become entitled absolutely to determined, 
 tho said invention and letters patent for the said district, unless 
 or until this licence shall previously thereto (if at all) be or become 
 revoked or otherwise determined : AND EACH of them the licensors Covenant 
 doth hereby covenant with the licensee that notwithstanding any- toTalidlty of 
 thing by him the covenantor done, omitted, or knowingly suffered, patent. 
 the said letters patent are valid and subsisting, and not void or 
 voidable: AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH 2,* Testatum. 
 that in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf, and in 
 consideration of the premises, it is agreed and declared as 
 follows: 
 
 1 . The licensee shall pay to the licensors the said sum of - Covenant by 
 
 -irv /n\ licensee to pay
 
 1118 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 balance by ten 
 
 half-yearly 
 
 instalments. 
 
 And if any 
 instalment in 
 arrear 
 the licensor 
 may demand 
 payment of 
 any part 
 of unpaid 
 balance and 
 interest. 
 
 Proviso that 
 any principal 
 sum 
 
 demanded 
 shall not 
 afterwards be 
 increased 
 unless further 
 default, 
 
 but a demand 
 shall operate 
 to accelerate 
 times of 
 payment 
 of moneys not 
 included 
 in it. 
 
 Payments 
 to cease 
 or (pending 
 appeal) be 
 suspended if 
 patent void. 
 
 by ten equal instalments of 
 
 on the day of and 
 
 each, that is to say the sum of 
 day of - - in every year 
 - shall be satisfied, commenc- 
 
 hencef orth until the said sum of - 
 ing with the - day of - - next, but if any instalment shall be 
 in arrear for the space of one calendar month, shall, on demand in 
 writing, pay to the licensors the whole or any part of the unpaid 
 balance of the said purchase-money, including the said instalment, 
 together with interest on the said instalment at the rate of - 
 per cent, per annum as from the half-yearly day on which the 
 same became due, and if the principal sum so demanded shall not 
 be paid at the time of demand, shall thenceforth pay interest 
 thereon at the rate aforesaid until payment thereof: PROVIDED 
 ALWAYS, that if the licensors shall demand payment of any princi- 
 pal sum as aforesaid, they shall not, by reason only of the said 
 instalment having become in arrear, be at liberty to demand pay- 
 ment of any further principal sum, but the demand so made shall 
 operate so as to accelerate the time or times for payment of the 
 unpaid balance of the said purchase-money exclusive of the princi- 
 pal sum so demanded, which balance shall accordingly as far as 
 
 may be become payable in the like instalments of each on 
 
 the half-yearly days aforesaid next succeeding the time of such 
 demand until the whole of the said purchase-money shall be 
 paid (0). 
 
 2. If the said letters patent shall from any cause become wholly 
 or as to some material part of the said invention void, the unpaid 
 balance (if any) not then already due of the said purchase-money 
 sliall cease to be payable, either at all, and in that case this licence 
 shall absolutely determine, Without prejudice to the payment of 
 all moneys then already due, or to any right of action by either 
 party then accrued hereunder, or (in the event of a successful 
 appeal from any judgment revoking the said letters patent), dur- 
 ing the period only for which such judgment shall remain in force, 
 and in the event of such an appeal the right of the licensors to pay- 
 ment of the said balance shall revive, and the same or so much 
 thereof as shall have fallen due on each half-yearly day (if any) 
 
 (z) This proviso is intended to prevent demands being capriciously 
 made by the licensors at various uncertain times. Only one demand can 
 be made in respect of a single breach. A proviso might of course be intro- 
 duced, limiting each demand to a particular sum.
 
 LICENCES. 
 
 aforesaid within the said period shall become payable at the date 
 
 of the said iudgment on appeal: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that the final Final cesser to 
 
 III 
 
 cesser of payment as aforesaid shall be deemed satisfaction in ,^ t i 8 f^ti on j n 
 full to the licensee of any claim by him for damages or compen- damages. 
 sation by reason of the said letters patent having become void as 
 
 aforesaid (a) . 
 
 ***** 
 
 [For Clause 3, as to use of patent mark, see Precedent 31, ante; Clauses 36. 
 and for Clauses 4 6 as to not assigning, &c. without consent (6), 
 not disputing the validity of the patent, and detecting and giving 
 notice of infringements (6), use Precedent 32, anteJ] 
 
 7. The licensors shall during the continuance of this licence, Licensors to 
 and also after the determination thereof if the same shall take or permit 
 place by reason of the licensee becoming entitled to the assignment ^censees so to 
 
 do and deduct, 
 
 01 the patent rights for the said district as hereinafter mentioned, & c . and to 
 pay all fees necessary, &c. [See Precedent 32.] 
 
 **(*** patent. 
 
 [For Clause 8 11 as to defence of the patent and taking pro- Clauses 
 ceedings for infringement, non-amendment of the specification, 
 no other licences having been granted, and non-user, &c. of in- 
 vention within the district, see Precedent 32.] 
 
 ***** 
 
 12. At any time after the licensee or his assigns shall have paid When 
 all sums due from him as aforesaid, the licensors shall at his or 
 
 their request and cost execute to him or them an assignment for licensors 
 the said district of the said letters patent and all patent rights assignment 
 expressed or intended to be comprised in this licence, and such 
 assignment shall contain (amongst other provisions and clauses) 
 
 (a) The patent might become void either from omission to pay the 
 fees, which the licensee can himself by Clause 7 prevent, or by revocation . 
 The only other condition of the patent, besides as to fees, is, according to 
 the present form of a patent, to supply the King's service with the patent 
 articles. The covenants, the breach of any one of which may have rendered 
 or might render the patent void, will be those as to the validity of the 
 patent, the payment of the fees, and the defence of the patent. No 
 apportionment of any half-yearly instalment can be claimed by the 
 licensor on the patent becoming void. 
 
 (&) This covenant should of course be confined to the duration of the 
 licence only.
 
 1 1 & ) PATENTS. 
 
 covenants by the licensor, &c. [Here refpr to the various covenants, 
 
 dc., in Precedent 19, p. 1067.] 
 
 Licensee to 13 The licensee shall be entitled during the continuance of this 
 
 sive use for licence to the sole and exclusive right within the said district to 
 district of all ever j improvement or addition to the said invention, or new dis- 
 ments, &c. covery useful for the manufacture of - , which now is (if at 
 Kcensor ^l) i n the knowledge and possession of or which hereafter may be 
 
 made by the licensor, as if the same were part of the said invention, 
 
 and if he shall become entitled to an assignment for the said 
 
 district of the said invention and letters patent as herein provided, 
 
 shall also be entitled to an assignment at his own expense for the 
 
 said district of the letters patent (if any) which may be granted to 
 
 the licensor in respect of every such improvement, addition, or dis- 
 
 covery, whether made during the continuance of this licence or 
 
 afterwards, and the said assignment shall contain (amongst other 
 
 provisions or clauses) covenants by the licensor, &c. \JIere refer to 
 
 Notice to the various covenants, &c., in Precedent 19, p. 1067]: PRO- 
 
 to ifcensee of VIDEO ALWAYS, that the licensor shall from time to time after 
 
 any improve- making any such improvement, addition, or discovery, to the 
 
 explanation benefit of which the licensee shall become entitled as aforesaid, 
 
 forthwith give notice thereof in writing to the licensee, and as 
 
 and when reasonably required by him and at his expense as to 
 
 actual costs (if any) out of pocket occasioned thereby, communi- 
 
 cate and explain to him or his agents such improvement, addition, 
 
 or discovery. 
 
 Power to 14. If any principal sum payable hereunder by the licensee shall 
 
 revoke licGucG 
 
 if any moneys remain unpaid for the space of - - calendar months after the 
 lonjf m arrear time when the same became due (whether the same shall be de- 
 
 or licensee ... 
 
 become bank- manded or not), or if the licensee shall while any principal moneys 
 aforesaid shall remain unpaid become bankrupt, or commit any 
 act of bankruptcy, whether available for adjudication or not, then 
 the licensors may by notice in writing served on the licensee or 
 his trustees in bankruptcy (if any) revoke this licence, but such 
 revocation shall be without prejudice to the recovery by the licensor 
 of any moneys then already due, or to any right of action by either 
 party for past breaches accrued hereunder (c). 
 
 (c) By the Apportionment Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Viet. c. 35), s. 1, periodi- 
 cal payments in the nature of income are to be apportioned. This section 
 would not, therefore, apply to the above case.
 
 LICENCES. 
 
 15. If the licensors shall commit a breach of any covenant Power 
 herein contained and on their part to be performed or observed, and determine on 
 
 (in the case of a breach capable of being made good) shall for the 
 space of - days after they shall have been served with a notice 
 in writing by the licensee to make good the said breach neglect or 
 omit so to do, then the licensee at any time thereafter may, by 
 serving the licensors or either of them with a notice in writing for 
 this purpose, forthwith determine this licence and every obliga- 
 tion herein contained on the part of the licensee then remaining 
 to be performed or observed, without prejudice, however, to the 
 recovery by the licensors of any moneys then already due, or to any 
 right of action for past breaches accrued to either party hereunder. 
 
 [For acknowledgment, &c., as to the letters patent, see Prece- Remaining 
 dent 32; and for arbitration and transmission clauses, see c 
 Precedent 33, ante, p. 1108.] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (d}. 
 
 37. LICENCE (exclusive) for a DISTRICT in consideration 
 of a LIFE ANNUITY secured by BOND. 
 
 THIS INDENTUBE, made the - day of , 19, 
 
 BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the licensor"), of 
 the one part, and C. D., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the 
 licensee "), of the other part: WHEREAS by letters patent, &c. Recital*. 
 [Grant of patent]: AND WHEREAS the licensor has agreed, in con- Grant of 
 
 sideration of an annuity of for his life (determinable as Agreement 
 
 hereinafter mentioned) being secured to him by the licensee, to to grant 
 grant to him an exclusive licence to use the said invention for the 
 district and otherwise as hereinafter mentioned : AND WHEREAS to secure the 
 in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf by a bond of a 
 even date herewith under the hand and seal of the licensee, and 
 executed immediately before the execution hereof, the licensee has 
 become bound to the licensor in the penal sum of - with a 
 condition therein for avoidance of the same on payment by the 
 licensee to the licensor during his life, or until the said licence 
 shall (if at all) become revoked or determined as hereinafter pro- 
 vided except by effluxion of time, of the said annuity of - by 
 
 (d) The licence should be registered.
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Grant 
 of licence. 
 
 equal half-yearly payments on the - - day of - - and the - 
 
 day of - in every year, commencing with the day of - 
 
 next, together with the proper proportionate part of the said 
 annuity for the time (if any) which shall elapse between the last 
 of such half-yearly days and the date of the death of the licensor 
 or sooner determination of the said annuity as aforesaid (e): NOW 
 THJS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the 
 said agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the premises, 
 and also of the covenants and conditions on the part of the licensee 
 hereinafter contained and to be performed and observed by him, 
 the licensor, as beneficial owner, doth hereby grant unto the 
 licensee and his assigns the full, sole, &c. [To end of the habendum, 
 as in Precedent 32]: AND THE LICENSOR doth hereby covenant with 
 the licensee that, notwithstanding anything by him the licensor 
 done, omitted, or knowingly suffered, the said letters patent are 
 valid and subsisting, and not void or voidable: AND THIS IN- 
 DENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the 
 said agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the premises, 
 it is agreed and declared as follows: 
 
 1 . If the said letters patent shall, during the life of the licensor 
 and the continuance of this licence, become, from any cause what- 
 ever, wholly or as to some material part of the said invention void, 
 subject, however, to the judgment (if any) on appeal which shall 
 reverse the judgment (if any) revoking the said letters patent to 
 the extent aforesaid, this licence shall thereupon absolutely cease, 
 but without prejudice to the recovery by the licensor of any moneys 
 then already due under the said bond, or to any right of action by 
 either party for past breaches accrued hereunder. 
 
 Onuses 2- -ii. [For Clause 2, as to use of patent mark, see Precedent 31; for 
 Clauses 3 10, as to not assigning, &c. without consent, not dis- 
 puting the validity of the patent, detecting, &c. infringements, 
 payment of fees, &c., defence of patent and proceedings for in- 
 fringements, non-amendment of specification, no other licences 
 having been granted, non-user, &c. within district, see Prece- 
 dent 32; and for Clause 11, as to improvements, see Precedent 31.] 
 
 Covenants as 
 to validity of 
 patent and 
 right 
 to grant. 
 
 Licence 
 to expire if 
 patent become 
 void. 
 
 (e) The Apportionment Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Viet. c. 35), ss. 2, 3, how- 
 over, provides for such an apportionment.
 
 LICENCES. ~ 
 
 12. If any half-yearly instalment of the said annuity, or any Power of 
 part thereof, shall be in arrear for one calendar month (whether ifj^l^,! 011 
 the same shall be demanded or not), or if the licensee shall, while 
 any part of the said annuity shall remain unpaid, become bank- 
 rupt, &c. [Clause 14 of the last precedent, writing " annuity " for 
 " purchase-money," and varying the termination by writing that 
 such revocation " shall be without prejudice to the recovery, &c.," 
 as at the end of Clause 1 hereof] (/) . 
 
 [For a clause as to determination by the licensee on breach by Remaining 
 the licensor, use Clause 15 of last precedent, but making the varia- clausep - 
 tion as last mentioned in the case of revocation by the licensor; 
 and for a clause as to acknowledgment, $c., use Precedent 32; and 
 for arbitration and transmission clauses, use Precedent 33, ante, 
 p. 1108.] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (g}. 
 
 38. LICENCE (exclusive} for the KINGDOM subject to PRIOR 
 LICENCES fixing MINIMUM SELLING PRICES of the 
 PATENT ARTICLES and to LICENSOR'S RIGHT to supply 
 some of the other LICENSEES PREMIUM paid ROYAL- 
 TIES in fixed sums INCREASED to a PERCENTAGE on SELL- 
 ING PRICES, but NO RENT ARTICLES SUPPLIED by 
 LICENSEE to his SUB-LICENSEES or MANUFACTURED by 
 them to be DEEMED SOLD by him at said MINIMUM 
 PRICES, less discount LICENSEE (if required} to SUPPLY 
 the other LICENSEES and to RECEIVE the PRICES and PAY 
 ROYALTIES No SALE by LICENSEE at less than said 
 MINIMUM PRICES SUB-LICENCES to contain CERTAIN 
 PROVISIONS REDUCED ROYALTIES on UNSOLD ARTICLES 
 at end of LICENCE LICENSOR not to engage in ADVERSE 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE made the day of , 19, 
 
 BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (hereinafter called " the licensor "), of Recital*. 
 
 (/) A licensor would not be likely to avail himself of the above power, 
 except in the case of bankruptcy, or his being able to grant a new licence 
 for the district on better terms elsewhere, as the annuity would thereby 
 expire. 
 
 (g} The licence should be registered.
 
 11 -J4 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Grant, &c. of 
 patent. 
 
 An agreement 
 by licensor to 
 supply a firm 
 with the 
 patent 
 articles. 
 A licence to 
 H. K. to 
 manufacture, 
 &c. within u 
 district ; 
 but with a 
 reservation to 
 licensor 
 personally or 
 to any single 
 licensee 
 to sell articles 
 in the district. 
 
 A licence 
 granted under 
 such reserva- 
 tion. 
 
 That the said 
 agreement 
 ami licences 
 fix same 
 minimum 
 selling prices 
 of the articles. 
 Agreement to 
 grant this 
 licence subject 
 aa aforesaid. 
 
 1st Testatum. 
 
 Grant of 
 exclusive 
 licence for the 
 Kingdom in 
 consideration 
 of a premium 
 and royalties, 
 &c. 
 
 Reserving 
 licensor's 
 right to 
 manufacture 
 and supply to 
 his selling 
 
 the one part, and C. D., of, &c. (hereinafter called "the 
 licensee"), of the other part: WHEREAS by letters patent, &c. 
 [Grant of patent and devolution (if any) of title, ut ante, p. 10-">!) : 
 AND WHEREAS by an agreement, dated, &c., mentioned in the 
 First Schedule hereto, the licensor has agreed to supply E. F. and 
 G. H., or their nominees (hereinafter referred to as licensees), 
 with articles manufactured according to the said invention, to the 
 extent and upon the terms therein mentioned: AND WHEREAS by 
 a licence dated, &c., also mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, 
 the licensor has granted to H. K. the sole and exclusive licence 
 within, &c. [a certain district^ to manufacture articles according 
 to the said invention, and sell the same, but with a reservation to 
 the licensor personally, or, in lieu of him, any one person or 
 ordinary partnership firm at a time claiming under him by assign- 
 ment or licence, also to sell within the said district articles afore- 
 said which shall be manufactured and supplied by the licensor for 
 this purpose as therein provided: AND WHEREAS under the said 
 reservation the licensor has by a licence dated, &c. (also mentioned 
 in the First Schedule hereto), licensed the firm of, &c., to sell the 
 said articles within the said district: AND WHEREAS the said 
 agreement and licences respectively contain provisions fixing such 
 minimum prices at which the respective licensees thereunder may 
 sell the said articles as are mentioned in the Second Schedule 
 hereto: AND WHEREAS the licensor has agreed in consideration of 
 
 the sum of to grant to the licensee the sole and exclusive 
 
 licence to use the said invention within the United Kingdom and 
 Isle of Man, subject to the said agreement and licences, and other- 
 wise upon the terms hereinafter appearing. NOW THIS 
 INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in consideration of the 
 
 sum of this day paid to the licensor by the licensee (the 
 
 receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged), and of the royalties 
 hereinafter reserved, and the covenants or conditions on the part 
 of the licensee hereinafter contained, the licensor doth hereby grant 
 unto the licensee and his assigns the full, sole, and exclusive licence, 
 liberty, right, power, and authority, within the United Kingdom 
 and the Isle of Man, to use the said invention, and manufacture 
 articles thereunder, and to sell the articles so manufactured: Ex- 
 ci rriNG AND RESERVING unto the licensor and his assigns the 
 right to manufacture articles as aforesaid for the purpose of sup- 
 plying the same to the respective licensees under the said agreement
 
 LICENCES. 
 dated, &c., and licence dated, &c.,and to supply the same respec- licensees 
 
 , Tim i i i aforesaid. 
 
 tively accordingly: To HAVE, HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the said But subject to 
 licence and premises hereby granted unto and by the licensee and sai <i agree- 
 his assigns, &c. [To end of the habendum, ut ante, p. 1096] subject licences, aud 
 to the said agreement and licences mentioned in the First Schedule free fro th . e 
 
 . . reservation in 
 
 hereto, or any licence to be granted in pursuance of the said agree- the first 
 
 ment, but free from the reservation aforesaid contained in the 
 
 said licence dated, &c.: AND THE LICENSOR doth hereby covenant Covenants a 
 
 -i T i i i .to validity of 
 
 with the licensee that notwithstanding anything by him the patent 
 licensor done, &c. [Covenants as to validity and right to grant as a ^d right to 
 in Precedent 31]. AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WIT- TndT^tatum. 
 NESSETH that in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf, 
 and in consideration of the premises, it is agreed and declared as 
 follows: 
 
 1 . The licensee shall during the continuance hereof pay to the Royalty of 
 licensor half-yearly on every - - day of - , &c., &c., the first pe r article 
 whereof being the - day of - next, a royalty of - shillings and furtner 
 
 sum up to a 
 
 in respect of the sale by the licensee within that period of each percentage of 
 
 article aforesaid manufactured by him hereunder, and a further ^ 
 royalty so as to make up a total royalty equal to - - per cent, on article, paid 
 the selling price thereof if the first mentioned royalty shall be 
 less than such percentage (h} : PROVIDED ALWAYS, that all articles Proviso that 
 aforesaid delivered or sent by the licensee to any of his sub-licensees suppii^ by 
 according to the terms of their respective licences shall for the licensee to his 
 
 i-i i i n 111 selling sub- 
 
 purposas hereof be considered as having been actually sold by licensees shall 
 the licensee at the minimum prices aforesaid mentioned in the be t re * ted 9 
 Second Schedule hereto, less a discount of - per cent, thereon, minimum 
 at the respective times when the same shall have left any place i discount. 
 of manufacture or business of the licensee in the possession of Further 
 or to be delivered to such sub-licensees respectively: PROVIDED articles when 
 ALSO, that all articles manufactured as aforesaid by any sub- manufactured 
 licensees of the licensee shall for the purposes hereof be deemed facturing 
 
 articles sold by the licensee at the time of completion thereof at the sib-license 
 
 be deemed 
 
 minimum prices aforesaid less a discount of -- per cent, thereon, sold to them 
 
 2. The licensee shall within - - weeks after the receipt by sa^mi^hnum 
 him from the licensor of a notice in writing requiring him so to prices 
 
 less discount. 
 
 (h) The two following provisoes can, of course, be omitted if special 
 royalties are placed on the articles supplied to or manufactured by the 
 sub-licensees. As to allowances for bad debts, see Sp. Cl. 17, post, p. 1154. 
 
 Licensee, 
 after notice
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 by licensor, to do, undertake to the extent of the terms of such notice the obli- 
 the otL T gations aforesaid of the licensor for the supply of, and shall supply 
 licensees: articles aforesaid, to the licensees under the said agreement dated, 
 and shall &c., an d licence dated, &c., respectively, and shall accordingly be 
 receive from entitled at the respective times therein provided in this behalf to 
 
 them the receive all moneys payable for the articles so supplied by him, and 
 prices subject rr 
 to royalties to shall as to each article so supplied pay to the licensor on the hall- 
 yearly days aforesaid less a discount of per cent, a like royalty 
 
 or 1 otal royalty on the said moneys payable in respect thereof as 
 is provided by Clause 1 hereof, and the licensor shall do all such 
 things as shall be necessary to enable the licensee to obtain payment 
 from the said licensees of the moneys due in respect of the articles 
 which shall Jbe supplied by the licensee to them respectively as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 No sale 3 . The licensee shall not without the written consent of the 
 
 than under licensor and the licensees under the said agreement and licences 
 the other mentioned in the First Schedule hereto (hereinafter referred to as 
 
 licences, &c. \ 
 
 " the other licences "), sell any of the said articles for less prices 
 or under terms more favourable to purchasers than is provided in 
 the said agreement or other licences mentioned in the said Schedule 
 respectively, or in case of any default being made by him in this 
 respect shall (but without prejudice to the exercise by the licensor 
 of his power of revocation under Clause 18 hereof) be taken to 
 have sold at the minimum price or prices mentioned in the Second 
 Schedule hereto the articles sold by him at any lesser prices, and 
 shall indemnify the licensor against any claims or damages which 
 may be made or claimed by the other licensees or persons claiming 
 under them respectively, or any of them, on account of any such 
 sale at lesser prices as aforesaid. 
 
 Books and 4. The licensee shall keep at his usual place of business all 
 
 accounts kept, IIP * 
 
 inspection, proper books oi account, and make true and complete entries 
 
 therein at the earliest opportunities, of all particulars necessary 
 or convenient for any of the purposes hereof of all transactions 
 relating to the manufacture by him or his sub-licensees, or sale by 
 him of the said articles, or the supply thereof to the other licensees 
 respectively, and the grant by him of any sub-licences hereunder, 
 and shall produce the said books, &c. [Precedent 30, ante, p. 1096, 
 but omitting the reference to " assigns," and alluding to both 
 " manufacture " and " sale "]: AND shall if and when required 
 by the licensor, but at the expense of the licensee, verify or procure
 
 LICENCES. 1127 
 
 some fitting person in his employ to verify each such statement 
 or any part or parts thereof by statutory declaration. 
 
 ***** 
 
 [For Clauses 5 7, as to the use of patent mark, manu- Clauses 
 facture according to specification, and inspection of factory, use 5 
 Precedent 31, ante; and for Clauses 8 10, as to non-assignment, 
 &c. without consent, and express power to grant sub-licences, 
 including the provisoes, but referring to " the Third Schedule 
 hereto" (i}, and as to not disputing the validity of the patent, 
 and detection, &c. of infringements, use Precedent 32; and for 
 Clauses 11 15, as to payment of fees and performance of con- 
 ditions of patent, defence of actions for revocation and taking 
 proceedings for infringements, non-amendment of specification, 
 no other licences subsisting " except as hereinbefore stated," and 
 non-user, dc. within the kingdom, " except as hereinbefore ex- 
 cepted, reserved or provided" use Precedent 32.] 
 
 ***** 
 
 16. The licensor shall not during the continuance of this licence Licensor not 
 within the United Kingdom and Isle of Man, except for the ture, &c. the 
 purpose of performing his obligations under the said agreement j rt \ ol t e u r - 
 and licences or any of them, either alone or in partnership or except to 
 directly or indirectly whether as shareholder or debenture holder, the^ther 
 
 &C. [as in Sp. Cl. 47, post, p. 1164] (fc). licensees. 
 
 17. Each party hereto shall during the continuance of this Improve- 
 licence at the earliest opportunity, &c. [Use Precedent 31, ante, either party 
 p. 1099, omitting reference to "assigns," and ending as follows^ * be fi ! or f 
 shall be for the use of both parties hereto, and the licensees under both, &c. 
 the said licence dated the, &c. (?), but if the same shall have been 
 invented, ascertained, or made by the licensee, then shall not be 
 
 for the use of the licensor beyond the duration of his interest under 
 the said agreement dated, &c., or the said licence dated, &c. (m), 
 
 (i) As to the terms to be inserted in sub-licences when an express 
 power to grant them is conferred, see Sp. Cl. 33, post, p. 1159. Some 
 additional terms will be needed here on account of the special covenants. 
 
 (7c) See Leather Cloth Co. v. Lorsont, L. E. 9 Eq. 345, as to the restraint 
 of trade caused by such a covenant not being greater than that caused by 
 the patent itself, whereby the covenant was not against public policy. 
 
 (Z) The first recited licence. 
 
 (TO) The last recited licence.
 
 1128 PATENTS. 
 
 and shall not be for the use of the licensees or their assigns unjder 
 the said licence dated, &c. (ri) beyond the duration of their said 
 licence, but if the same shall be invented, ascertained, or made by 
 the licensor, or he shall otherwise be entitled to communicate the 
 same, then shall not be for the use of the licensee beyond the dura- 
 tion of this licence, and any such improvement, addition, or dis- 
 covery so communicated by the licensor shall be deemed part of the 
 premises, and together with the letters patent (if any) in respect 
 thereof be as far as circumstances will admit subject to the cove- 
 nants and conditions herein contained as if the same respectively 
 applied thereto, or to the letters patent (if any) granted in respect 
 thereof. 
 
 Revocation of 18. If any royalties or other sums payable hereunder by the 
 
 non-payment, licensee or any part thereof respectively, &c. [Use Precedent 32, 
 
 or breaches or an f e> p HQ2] and also without prejudice to the performance and 
 
 licensee. " observance by the licensee of his obligations (if Any) to the licensees 
 
 respectively under the said agreement dated, &c., and licence dated, 
 
 &c., or either of them as aforesaid, which might at the time of 
 
 such revocation remain to be performed in respect of the sale or 
 
 supply of the said articles by him to them respectively. 
 
 Detenuina- 19. If the said letters patent shall from any cause whatever 
 
 licensee if become wholly or as to some material part of the said invention 
 br^b" vo jj d . 01 v i<l (notwithstanding that any judgment in revocation of the said 
 licensor. letters patent to the extent aforesaid shall or shall not be appealed 
 against) (o), or if the licensor shall commit a breach, &c. [Use 
 Clause 15 of Precedent 36, ante, p. 1121] and also without preju- 
 dice, &c. [As at end of last clause, writing " determination " for 
 '' revocation "]. 
 
 Reduced 20 . At the end or sooner termination of this licence, the licensee 
 
 articles shall in respect of each article aforesaid in his possession not then 
 
 in possession a l rea( jy sold, whether complete, or only in course of manufacture, 
 
 of licensee or . r J 
 
 manufactur- or in the possession of his manufacturing licensees (if any) respec- 
 liceusees tively, whether complete, or only in course of manufacture, pay 
 at end to the licensor a reduced royalty thereon respectively of 
 
 of licence not . . . , . . , . . . 
 
 already shillings m lieu ot any royalties on the sale thereof as aforesaid. 
 
 subject 
 
 to royalties. ^ The fifst recited licence. 
 
 (o) Use Clause 2 of Precedent 36 if thought fit as to suspense of royal- 
 ties during appeal. If such be intended, omit matter in the brackets as to 
 an appeal. See Sp. Gl. 19, post, p. 1155, as to payment to trustees during 
 proceedings.
 
 LICENCES. 1129 
 
 [For a clause as to acknowledgment, $c., use Precedent 32; Remaining 
 <md for arbitration and transmission clauses, see Precedent 33, 
 ante, p. 1108.] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (p). 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 THIRD SCHEDULE. 
 
 39. LICENCE (exclusive) for a DISTRICT to a LIMITED 
 COMPANY PREMIUM in Cash and Shares ROYALTIES 
 per Ton according to different Products but after certain 
 date to DECREASE FIVE PER CENT. annually DIFFERENT 
 RENTS SUSPENSE of ROYALTIES and RENTS while, 
 Licensor omits to proceed for Infringement SPECIAL 
 PROVISIONS for determination, &c. REDUCED ROYAL- 
 TIES on PRODUCTS IN HAND at end of Licence. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE made, &c., BETWEEN A.B., of, &c. (herein- 
 after called '" the licensor ") of the one part, and the - Company 
 Limited (hereinafter called "the licensees") of the other part: 
 WHEREAS by letters patent, &c. [Grant of patent, and devolution Recital*. 
 (if any) of title, ut ante, p. 1059]. AND WHEREAS the licensor Grant of 
 has agreed to errant the licensees an exclusive licence to use the . 
 
 _ _ D Agreement 
 
 said invention within the county of, &c., for the sum of -- and for licence to 
 the royalties and otherwise upon the terms hereinafter appearing: for a^countv' 
 A ND WHEREAS the licensor hath consented to receive payment of at a premium 
 the said sum of - partly in cash to the amount of - and T 
 
 . r _ .Premium to 
 
 the remainder thereof in shares of -- each of the licensees, be paid 
 
 which are to be treated for all purposes as having been fully paid 
 
 up : AND WHEREAS the licensees have accordingly immediately Allotment of 
 before the execution hereof allotted to the licensor or his nominees the shares - 
 
 - shares aforesaid numbered respectively - - to - - as he 
 doth hereby acknowledge (q) . NOW THIS INDENTURE 1st Testatnm. 
 
 (p) The licence should be registered. 
 
 (q) By sect. 88 of the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, it is 
 necessary to file with the Registrar of Companies, within one month of
 
 1180 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Grant of 
 
 licence 
 
 by licensor as 
 
 beneficial 
 
 Covenant a.s 
 to validity of 
 patent. 
 
 '2nd Testatum. 
 
 Covenants 
 
 and 
 
 conditions. 
 
 Royalties and 
 rents 
 
 half-yearly at 
 fixed sums 
 according' 
 to quantity 
 and form of 
 products 
 made, but 
 after certain 
 date reducible 
 5 per cent, 
 yearly. 
 
 WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the &aid agreement in this 
 
 behalf, and in consideration of the allotment of the said shares 
 
 as aforesaid, and also in consideration of the sum of now paid 
 
 to the licensor by the licensees (the receipt whereof is hereby ac- 
 knowledged), and also of the royalties and rent hereinafter reserved, 
 and the covenants and conditions on the part of the licensees herein- 
 after contained, the licensor as beneficial owner (r) doth hereby 
 grant unto the licensees and their assigns the full, sole, and ex- 
 clusive liberty, licence, right, power, and authority, within the 
 county of, &c., to make, use, and exercise the said invention in, 
 or apply the process described in the specification relating to the 
 said letters patent to the production of - , and also to sell the 
 
 - so manufactured: To HAVE, HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the 
 said licence and premises unto and by the licensees and their assigns 
 for and during, &c. [To end of habendum]: AND THE LICENSOR 
 doth hereby covenant with the licensees, &c. [Qualified covenant as 
 to validity of the patent, ut ante, p. 1097]. AND THIS INDEN- 
 TURE ALSO WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the said 
 agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the premises, 
 it is agreed and declared as follows: 
 
 1 . The licensees shall during the continuance of this licence in 
 
 respect of all produced by them or their sub-licensees by any 
 
 means in which the said invention or process shall be used or em- 
 ployed in the half-years then ending respectively, pay to the 
 licensor on every day of and day of - - up to the 
 
 day of , 19 , the following royalties, namely, a royalty 
 
 at the rate of per ton as to produce made in the form of, &c., 
 
 and of - per ton as to produce made in any other form, and 
 from and after the said day of - , 19 , royalties as to pro- 
 duce in the respective forms aforesaid at rates each current year five 
 per cent . less than those for the year then immediately preceding 
 it : AND ALSO on every day of and day of afore- 
 said, subject to the operation of Clause 2 hereof in respect of the 
 produce made as aforesaid in the form of, &c., such further sum 
 (if any) as together with the said royalties reserved as aforesaid 
 in the same respect shall amount to the sum of (hereinafter 
 
 allotment, a contract in writing as therein provided, in the case of shares 
 allotted as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in cash, 
 (r) As to full covenants for title in a licence, see ante, p. 1094.
 
 LICENCES. 1131 
 
 termed " a rent ") [that is to say a sum equal to the total amount 
 
 of the like royalties on - - tons of the said produce in that form] 
 
 and in respect of any produce made in any other form as aforesaid 
 
 such further sum (if any) as together with the royalties reserved 
 
 as aforesaid in the same respect shall amount to the sum of 
 
 (hereinafter also termed " a rent ") [that is to say a sum equal to 
 
 the total amount of the like royalties on -- tons of the said 
 
 produce made in any such other form] : PROVIDED ALWAYS, that Proviso as to 
 
 no apportionment of any royalty aforesaid shall be made in respect J^^of 
 
 of any quantity less than one hundredweight of the said produce royalties for 
 in any form whatever. a cwt. 
 
 2. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if either rent for any half-year Avera ? e 
 
 clause for the 
 
 aforesaid shall exceed the total amount of royalties due for the two rents. 
 same period in respect of the produce to which such rent is attribu- 
 table, the licensees shall be entitled for any one or more succeeding 
 half-years (so far as necessary for the purpose) for which re- 
 spectively the total amount of royalties due in the like respect 
 shall exceed such rent, to a remission of so much of the latter 
 excess as Avill make up to them the excess of payment made in 
 the half-year for which the rent shall have exceeded the royalties 
 due therefor as aforesaid. 
 
 3. The licensees shall keep at their head office all proper books Accounts 
 
 P -i -i -IT . kept and 
 
 oi account, and make true and complete entries therein at the furnished, 
 
 earliest opportunities, of all particulars necessary or convenient for 
 
 any of the purposes hereof of all transactions relating to the cation, &c. 
 
 manufacture by them of produce of any kind whatever under this 
 
 licence, and of the like produce sold by them to their sub-licensees 
 
 (if any) or other persons, or delivered by them to such sub-licensees 
 
 (if any) for sale, and shall produce, &c. [Production and inspection 
 
 of books and delivery of accounts as in Precedent 30, ante, omitting 
 
 reference to " assigns "]: AND will if and when required, &c. 
 
 [Verification of statement as in Precedent 31, ante, the declaration, 
 
 however, being that " of the manager or some competent person 
 
 in their employ"]. / 
 
 ***** 
 
 [For Clauses 4 6, as to use of patent mark, manufacture accord- Clauses 4 10. 
 ing to the specification, and inspection of factory, use Precedent 31, 
 ante, p. 1097; and for Clauses 7 10, as to non-assignment, &c. 
 unthout consent and express power to grant sub-licences, including 
 
 B. VOL. ii. 18
 
 1132 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Proceedings 
 
 
 Suspense of 
 
 of proceedings 
 for infringe- 
 ment. 
 
 Improve- 
 
 licensor to bJ 
 included in 
 
 the provisoes (s\ find as to not disputing validity of patent and 
 
 detection, &c. of infringements, and as to payment of fees and 
 
 performance of conditions of patent, use Precedent 32, p. 1101.] 
 
 ***** 
 
 11. The licensor shall at all times during the continuance of 
 this licence, at his own cost, defend every proceeding for the revo- 
 cation of the said letters patent, and at all times aforesaid at the 
 request and cost, &c. [As in Precedent 32, ante, p. 1101], omitting 
 reference to "assigns"] : PROVIDED ALWAYS that if the licensees 
 shall at any time during the continuance, &c. [Suspense of royal- 
 
 ^ <** rent aS * S P' CL 14 > P OSt > P' 1152 ^ (*) 
 
 ***** 
 
 [For Clauses 12 14, as to non-amendment of specification, no 
 other licences subsisting, and non-user, dc. within district, use 
 Precedent 32, ante,] 
 
 ***** 
 
 15. The licensor shall during the continuance of this licence 
 gfr written notice to the licensees at the earliest opportunity of 
 every improvement in or addition to the said invention, or mode of 
 working the same, or any discovery useful therefor that he may 
 invent, ascertain, or make, and be entitled to communicate, and 
 at the cost of the licensees as to journeys and other expenses (if 
 any) out of pocket occasioned to him thereby, and at such remu- 
 neration (if any) as the directors of the licensees may think fit to 
 award him therefor, communicate and explain to the manager or 
 other agent or agents of the licensees, or any workmen of theirs, 
 as and when reasonably required, the nature of such improvement, 
 addition, or discovery, so as to enable them or him to make full and 
 effective use of the same, and permit the licensees to have the use 
 thereof (whether it shall be or become patented or not), subject 
 as nearly as can be to the covenants and conditions herein con- 
 tained, as if such improvement, addition, or discovery were part 
 of the premises. 
 
 (s) As to the terms to be inserted in sub-licences, when the express 
 power to grant them is conferred, see Sp. Cl. 33, post, p. 1159. 
 
 () In Henderson v. Mostyn Copper Co., L. B. 3 0. P. 202, it was held 
 that reasonable notice that an infringement had taken place is necessary, 
 in order to enable the patentee [or licensor] to take proceedings, and that 
 reasonable time was necessary for completing the proceedings.
 
 LICENCES. 1133 
 
 16. If the said letters patent shall from any cause whatever Deter- 
 becomo wholly or as to some material part of the said invention licensee if ' y 
 void (notwithstanding that any judgment in revocation of the said P aten ^ yo {^ or 
 . letters patent to the extent aforesaid shall or shall not be appealed licensor, 
 against (w)),orif the licensor shall commit a breach of any of his 
 obligations hereunder, other than in respect of commencing or 
 carrying on proceedings for infringement as aforesaid, and (where 
 the breach is capable of being made good) shall for - days after 
 he shall have been served with a notice in writing requiring him 
 to make good the same omit so to do, or shall commit or suffer 
 any breach of his obligations under Clause 11 hereof in respect of 
 commencing or carrying on proceedings for infringement, and 
 shall not make good such breach before the time when the licensees 
 shall first become entitled to withhold or suspend payment of 
 royalties or rents as provided by the same clause, then the licensees 
 may by notice in writing served on the licensor at any time there- 
 after, but in the case of any such last mentioned breach only before 
 the same shall (if capable thereof) be actually (if at all) made 
 good, determine this licence forthwith, but such determination 
 shall operate without prejudice to the recovery by the licensor of 
 any rents or royalties then due, or to any right of action by either 
 party then accrued hereunder, and in case of such determination 
 the said rents shall be apportioned (if necessary) for the period less 
 than a half-year which may have elapsed between the day of 
 such determination and the end of the half-year last previous 
 thereto (x) . 
 
 17. If any royalties, rents, or other sums payable hereunder, Revocation if 
 or any part thereof respectively, shall be in arrear for two calendar r y alties in 
 
 arrear or com- 
 
 months, whether demanded or not, or if the licensees or any of pany wound 
 their assigns being a company shall commence to be wound up up ' 
 on account of their inability (as defined by sect. 130 of the Com- 
 panies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, or any statutory modification 
 
 () Use Clause 2 of Precedent 36, ante, if thought fit as to the suspense 
 of royalties during appeal. If such be intended, omit the matter in the 
 brackets as to appeal. See Sp. Cl. 19, p. 1155, as to payment to trustees 
 during proceedings. 
 
 (x) The Apportionment Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Viet. c. 35), ss. 2, 3, how- 
 ever, provides for such an apportionment. By sect. 3, the time for pay- 
 ment of the apportioned part would not be accelerated, but would be 
 the same as fixed for the payment of the entirety. 
 
 18(2)
 
 1134 PATENTS. 
 
 thereof for the time being) to pay their debts (y), or being a 
 company, or individuals, or any individual, shall not commence 
 their or his business in relation to this licence within - - calendar 
 months from the date hereof, or (being assigns aforesaid) shall 
 not commence their or his said business within the like period 
 from the date of the assignment to them or him of this licence, 
 or being a company or individuals, or an individual, having com- 
 menced their or his said business shall for any period of - 
 calendar months consecutively cease practically to carry on the 
 same, or being individuals, or an individual, shall become bank- 
 rupt, or commit an act of bankruptcy, whether available for adjudi- 
 cation or not, or if the licensees or their assigns shall make default 
 in any obligation hcreunder other than in respect of the payment 
 of moneys, and (in the case of a breach capable of being made 
 good) shall for the space of - - days after they shall have been 
 served with a notice in writing by the licensor to make good 
 the said breach neglect or omit so to do, then the licensor at any 
 time thereafter [and notwithstanding any merely implied waiver 
 by him of his right so to do], may by notice in writing served on 
 the licensees or their assigns, or their liquidator, liquidators, or 
 the trustees or trustee in bankruptcy, as the case may require, 
 revoke this licence forthwith, but such revocation shall operate 
 without prejudice to the recovery by the licensor, &c. \_As in 
 last clause, but using "revocation " for "determination."] 
 Acknowledg- jg T ne licensor hereby acknowledges the right of the licensees 
 undertaking to production of the said letters patent, &c. [Use Precedent 32, 
 
 as to the * 1102 1 
 
 letters patent. a le > L 
 
 Notices, IQ ^ n y no tice intended to be given or served hereunder on the 
 
 how served. * 
 
 licensees being a company shall be effectual if served according to 
 
 the provisions (if any) as to services of notices in its articles of 
 
 (y) Sect. 130 of the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, in effect 
 declares that this inability shall be deemed to arise when the company, 
 after service of notice, neglects for three weeks to pay or secure or 
 compound for any debt exceeding 50; or if execution or other like 
 process in England or Ireland issued on the judgment, &c. of any Court 
 in favour of a creditor is returned unsatisfied; or (in Scotland) the 
 induciso of a charge for payment on an extract, decree, &c. have expired 
 without payment being made; or whenever it is proved to the Court 
 that the company is unable to pay its debts.
 
 LICENCES. 1135 
 
 association, but in any other case any notice intended to be given 
 or served hereunder, &c. [Sp. Cl. 51, p. 1165, post]. 
 
 20. Unless when the context requires a different construction, Transmission 
 the term "licensor" herein shall include the assigns of the person. clau8e - 
 
 so designated, and the term "licensees " herein shall include the 
 assigns of the company so designated. 
 
 21. If any difference shall arise, &c. [Arbitration Clause: see Arbitration 
 Precedent 33, ante, p. 1108.] clause - 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (z). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 40. LICENCE (exclusive) for England, Wales, and Isle of 
 Man ROYALTIES and RENT ROYALTIES on Manufac- 
 tures by LICENSEE and his SUB-LICENSEES, and also on 
 Articles AUTHORISED to be SUPPLIED BY HIM ABROAD 
 RESERVATION to Licensor as to EXISTING ORDERS and 
 FOREIGN CUSTOMERS, and the SUPPLY BY HIM to the 
 LICENSEE for the FIRST YEAR of Articles to be sold 
 on COMMISSION. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called " the licensor"), of the one part, and C. D., of, &c. 
 (hereinafter called " the licensee"), of the other part: WHEREAS by 
 letters patent, &c. \_ut ante, p. 1095] : AND WHEREAS the Recitals. 
 licensor has agreed to grant the licensee a sole and exclusive Grant of 
 licence to use the said invention for the countries of England, agreement for 
 Wales and the Isle of Man with the reservations and upon the Ucence - 
 terms hereinafter appearing. NOW THIS INDENTURE WIT- 
 NESSETH that in consideration of the royalties and rent herein- 1st Testatum. 
 after reserved, and the covenants and conditions on the part of the Grant of 
 licensee hereinafter contained, the licensor doth hereby grant unto licence 
 
 the licensee the full, sole, and exclusive licence, right, power, and 
 authority to make, use, exercise, and vend the said invention and Isle of Man. 
 manufacture - according to the specification thereof, and also 
 to sell the - so manufactured within the countries of England, 
 Wales and the Isle of Man (hereinafter called " the said district") : 
 EXCEPTING AND RESERVING unto the licensor and his assigns the Reservation 
 right to manufacture the like articles according to the said speci- executing 
 fication at the works of the licensor at - - aforesaid, or other 
 
 (z) The licence should be registered. (See sect. 28 of the Act of 1907.)
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 orders and for 
 supplying 
 foreign 
 customers. 
 
 Covenants as 
 to validity and 
 right to grant. 
 
 "2nd Testatuin. 
 
 Covenants 
 
 and 
 
 conditions. 
 
 Licensee 
 to commence 
 manufacture, 
 and purchase 
 plant, &c. 
 necessary. 
 
 Royalties on 
 articles 
 manufac- 
 tured by 
 licensee or his 
 sub -licensees. 
 
 But a 
 fixed half- 
 yearly rent. 
 
 Average 
 clause. 
 
 works (if any) of his for the time being, in execution of all orders 
 already received by him for the supply of such articles to persons 
 in the said district, and of all orders already or which hereafter may 
 be received by him for the supply of such articles to persons in 
 any part of the world outside the said district, and for the supply 
 of the like articles to the licensee for the space of one year from 
 the date hereof to be sold by him upon commission as herein- 
 after provided (a): 'To HAVE, HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the said 
 licence and premises unto and by the licensee and his assigns, &c. 
 [To end of the habendum, and then insert the covenants (qualified} 
 as to the validity of the patent and right to grant, ut ante, 
 p. 1097.] AND THIS INDENTUEE ALSO WITNESSETH 
 that in consideration of the premises it is declared as follows: 
 
 1. The licensee shall within - - calendar months from the 
 date hereof commence the manufacture of - according to 
 
 the said specification at his works at aforesaid, and 
 
 accordingly shall purchase all necessary plant, machinery, fixtures, 
 utensils, and other effects sufficient and suitable for the manu- 
 facture to the best advantage of - - at least of the said articles 
 half-yearly, and shall set up the said effects at or place the same 
 in the said works, and shall at all times during the continuance 
 of this licence keep the same in good working order and condition 
 and supply all deficiencies therein respectively. 
 
 2. The licensee shall during the continuance of this licence pay 
 to the licensor half-yearly on every - - day of - - and 
 day of - - for every - - manufactured by the licensee and his 
 sub-licensees respectively hereunder in the half-years then ending 
 respectively a royalty of - shillings, and in case the total amount 
 of royalties for any such half-year shall not amount to the sum 
 of - (hereinafter called "the rent"), then such further sum 
 in addition to such total amount of royalties as will equal the rent: 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the rent for any half-year aforesaid 
 shall exceed the total amount of royalties for the same period, the 
 licensee shall be entitled for any one or more succeeding half- 
 year or half-years (so far as necessary for the purpose) to a 
 remission of so much of the latter excess as will make up to him 
 
 (a) The licensee is to be supposed not to be ready with the requisite 
 plant, &c. (See Clause 1.)
 
 LICENCES. 1137 
 
 the excess of payment made in the half-year for which the rent 
 shall have exceeded the royalties due therefor as aforesaid. 
 
 3 . The licensor shall supply and the licensee shall receive from Licensor to 
 him during one year from the date hereof all such articles manu- articles for 
 factured by the licensor under the reservation hereinbefore con- one y ear to be 
 tained, not being less than - - in number per calendar month, licensee on 
 which the licensee shall sell in the usual way of business, and for ^mmwwum. 
 the sale whereof he shall be entitled by way of commission to debit 
 
 the licensor in the half-yearly accounts embracing the periods of 
 
 sale thereof respectively with sums amounting to per cent. 
 
 of the selling prices thereof, which prices shall be in accordance 
 with the lists of gross prices for the time being exhibited or pub- 
 lished by the licensor, or such other prices as the parties hereto may 
 agree upon: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that in taking any such half- Expenses of 
 yearly account in respect of articles supplied by the licensor and 
 sold by the licensee as aforesaid, all expenses (if any) of carriage 
 or delivery of the articles from the works of the licensor to the 
 licensee paid by the latter shall be credited to the licensor. 
 
 4 . The licensee shall after the - - day of - , as and when Licensee on 
 required by the licensor in writing 1 so to do, manufacture or supply notice to 
 
 ... ffti supply foreign 
 
 articles aforesaid for the licensor for the purpose only of his (the customers of 
 licensor's) supplying the same to any of his foreign or colonial lcensor - 
 customers, not exceeding, however, in number per week, unless charged to 
 the licensee, being requested by the licensor so to do, shall be llcens r 
 
 according to 
 
 willing to manufacture or supply any larger quantity, and shall his usual 
 be entitled to charge the licensor for the said articles prices equal fess discount 
 to - per cent, of the usual list or gross prices for the time being 
 of the licensor charged by him to customers in the particular 
 countries to which the said articles are intended to be exported, 
 less (as to such last mentioned prices) the usual deductions allowed 
 by the licensor, and all such articles shall at the expense of the 
 licensor be delivered free on board ship at such ports in England 
 as the licensor shall direct: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that the licensor But ample 
 shall give the licensee one week's previous notice in writing for ^srfren 
 the supply of any such articles as last aforesaid where the quantity to licensee, 
 required at any one time is to be more than - - but not more than 
 - in number, and, where the quantity is to exceed the latter 
 amount, shall allow - - days extra for any excess up to - - in 
 number, and so on proportionately for any further excess: PRO- 
 VIDED ALSO, that the licensee shall not without the written con-
 
 1138 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 But licensee 
 
 shall 
 
 not otherwise 
 
 supply articles 
 
 for abroad. 
 
 Each party to 
 keep books of 
 account, allow 
 inspection, 
 &o. 
 
 Delivery of 
 accounts and 
 verification. 
 
 Articles to be 
 stamped with 
 patent mark. 
 
 sent of the licensor either directly or indirectly manufacture or 
 supply any articles aforesaid for the use of any person or persons 
 residing or for the purpose of transmission out of the district. 
 
 5. Each party hereto shall during the continuance hereof keep 
 at his usual place of business all proper books of account, anct 
 make true and complete entries therein at the earliest opportunities 
 of all particulars necessary or convenient for any of the purposes 
 hereof of all transactions relating to the manufacture or sale by 
 him of the said articles as aforesaid, including as to the licensed 
 the manufacture thereof by his sub-licensees (if any), and produce 
 the said books so to be kept by him to the other of them or his agents 
 or agent at all reasonable times for inspection and the taking copies 
 or extracts therefrom, and at his own expense obtain and give 
 to the other of them or his agents or agent all such information as 
 to any item or matter contained or which ought to be contained 
 therein as shall be reasonably required. 
 
 6. The licensee shall at the end of each half-year aforesaid 
 deliver or send to the licensor a statement in writing of all par- 
 ticulars of account between him and the licensor hereunder for 
 the same half-year, and shall if and when required 'by the licensor, 
 but at the expense of the latter, verify or procure some fitting 
 person in his employ to verify each such statement or any part or 
 parts thereof by statutory declaration. 
 
 7. Each article manufactured by either party as aforesaid shall 
 as soon as manufactured bear a metal plate [or "label," or, &c.] 
 furnished by the licensor, and shall 'bear a number designating the 
 actual number of such articles then completed by him of which 
 such article shall be the last completed, and also an inscription and 
 mark of the kind shown in the margin hereof as applicable to 
 such party, or such other inscription or mark as the licensor in 
 order to avoid infringement of the trade mark of any other person 
 may think fit to adopt, and he shall not retain or sell or part with 
 the possession of any such article without the said plate [or " label," 
 or, &c.] being placed thereon, and the licensee shall on each half- 
 yearly day aforesaid or within twenty-one days thereafter pay 
 or account to the licensor for the said plates [or " labels," &c.] so 
 furnished to him in the half-year then ended at the rate of - 
 shillings per dozen, including the costs of carriage and delivery 
 thereof, and the licensor shall execute all orders of the licensee
 
 LICENCES. 1 1 : 39 
 
 for the supply to him thereof with all reasonable dis- 
 patch (&). 
 
 8 . Either party hereto or his agents shall be at liberty at all Each party 
 reasonable times during the continuance of this licence, and for ^torieH^&c 
 the space of one calendar month after the same shall be determined of other 
 or revoked, to enter any place of the other party where the manu- 
 facture or sale of the said articles shall be carried on, and inspect 
 the same for the purpose of 'ascertaining the state or extent of such 
 manufacture or sale, and that all covenants by the other party 
 hereunder have been or are being duly performed or observed, 
 and for finally winding up all accounts between the parties. 
 ***** 
 
 [For Clause 9, as to manufacture by the licensee only according Clauses 9 16. 
 to the specification, use Precedent 31, ante ; and for Clauses 10 16, 
 as to non-assignment, &c. without consent, and express power 
 to grant sub-licences, including the provisoes, and as to not dis- 
 puting the validity of the patent and detection, dc. of in- 
 fringements, and assisting licensor, as to payment of fees and 
 performance of conditions of patent, defence of patent and taking 
 proceedings for infringement, non-amendment of the specification, 
 and no other licences having been granted, use Precedent 32, ante, 
 p. 1100.] 
 
 5f! 5JJ * (if* 3fC 3jC 
 
 17. The licensor shall not during the continuance of this licence, Non-user, &c. 
 except as is hereinbefore provided, use, or authorise any other 
 
 person to use the said invention within the said district. except 
 
 as provided. 
 
 18. The licensor shall not within the said district during the Licensor not 
 
 continuance of this licence, except according to the reservations 
 
 1 . like business 
 
 hereinbefore contained, either alone or in partnership, &c. [op. Cl. except under 
 
 AI /> ~r,/ . iltiA~\ the reserva- 
 
 47, pOSt t p. 1164]. tions herein. 
 
 19. Each party hereto shall during the continuance of this Improvements 
 licence, &c. [Mutual covenant as to improvements, dc., as in party to^e for 
 Precedent 31, ante, p. 1099, omitting any reference to " assigns," ^ en fit of 
 but stating at the end thereof that any improvement, dc., if made, 
 dc. by the licensee, " shall be used by the licensor as to the said 
 district to the extent only of the reservations hereinbefore con- 
 
 (6) For other clauses relating to use of a patent mark or die, see 
 Sp. CL 2327, post, pp. 11561158.
 
 1140 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Remaining 
 clauses. 
 
 Rentals. 
 The licence. 
 
 Agreement 
 for sub- 
 licence. 
 
 tained, as if the said improvement, addition, or discovery, were 
 part of the said invention "]. 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 [For Clause 20, as to revocation of the licence, use Precedent 32, 
 ante, p. 1102; and for Clause 21, as to the determination of the 
 licence by the licensee if patent void or breaches, dc., use Clause 19 
 of Precedent 38, ante, p. 1128; and for Clause 22, as to acknow- 
 ledgment, dc., use Precedent 32; and for arbitration and trans- 
 mission clauses, use Precedent 33, ante, p. 1108.] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (c). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 41. SUB-LICENCE (EXCLUSIVE for a District at Royalties') ~ 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c., of the 
 one part, and C. D., of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS by a 
 licence under seal dated, &c., and made between X. Y. (therein and 
 hereinafter called "the licensor"), of the one part, and the said 
 A. B. (therein called " the licensee "), of the other part, the licensee- 
 is entitled to the sole and exclusive licence to use within, &c. [the 
 district] the invention mentioned together with the letters patent 
 in respect thereof in the Schedule hereto, and also every improve- 
 ment in, or addition to the said invention, or new discovery useful 
 
 for the manufacture of , made or acquired by the licensor for 
 
 the residue of the term of fourteen years from the day of , 
 
 19 , comprised in the said letters patent and any extension thereof,, 
 subject to the rent and royalties payable half-yearly on every 
 - day of - - and - - day of - , and to the covenants and 
 conditions on the part of the licensee therein contained and to be 
 performed and observed by him (a") : AND WHEREAS the said A . B . 
 has agreed to grant to the said C. D. a licence to use the said 
 invention and all improvements, additions or discoveries aforesaid 
 within the town or district of, &c., in the county of , as herein- 
 
 (c) The licence should be registered. 
 
 (d) Where the licence prescribes some of the terms to be inserted in 
 sub-licences, it may be well, unless brevity is desired, to recite these 
 terms, as to which, see Sp. Cl. 33, post, p. 1159. The above recital 
 might then be extended by adding, 
 
 " and in particular to a covenant that the licensee will, &c., and 
 to a covenant that," &c., &c.
 
 LICENCES. 1141 
 
 after defined, for the term of - - years from the date hereof if the 
 said licence shall so long subsist ,upon the conditions hereinafter 
 appearing. NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that 1* Tettatum. 
 in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf, and in con- {j^* of sub- 
 sideration of the royalties hereinafter reserved, and of the covenants royalties for a 
 and conditions on the part of the said O. D. hereinafter contained. y t^8if the 
 he the said A. B. doth hereby grant unto the said C. D. (e) the licence so long 
 full, sole, and exclusive licence, liberty, right, power, and authority, 
 
 within the town of , in the county of , and also to the extent 
 
 of a radius of miles from, &c. (hereinafter called " the said 
 
 district"), to use the said invention, and any other invention for 
 the time being comprised in the said licence dated, &c., and to 
 manufacture articles thereunder respectively, and to sell the same 
 so manufactured: To HAVE, HOLD, exercise, and enjoy the said 
 licence and premises hereby granted unto and by the said C. D. 
 for a term of - - years herefrom, if the said licence dated, &c., 
 shall so long subsist: ATSTD the said 'A. B. doth hereby covenant Covenants 
 with the said C. D. that notwithstanding anything by him the ^UdSyof 
 said A. B. done, omitted, or knowingly suffered, the said licence licence 
 dated, &c., is now valid and subsisting, and not void or voidable, grant. 
 And that notwithstanding anything as last aforesaid he the said 
 A. B. now hath power to grant the premises in manner af ore- 
 said (/). AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH 2nd Testatum. 
 
 that in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf, and in Other 
 
 r _ covenants and 
 
 consideration of the premises, it is agreed and declared as conditions, 
 follows: 
 
 1 . The said C . D . shall on the day of - - next (g} pay Royalties on 
 
 to the said A. B. or his assigns the royalty of shillings for manufacture 
 
 ** J on same nalf- 
 
 every article manufactured by the said C. D. hereunder up to yearly days aa 
 that date and shall thenceforth for each half-year ending on the u 
 
 day of or day of - during the continuance hereof 
 
 pay to the said A. B. or his assigns the like royalty for every 
 article so manufactured in such half-year. 
 
 2. The said C. D. shall keep at his usual place of business all Accounts, &c. 
 
 (e) The sub-licence is to be supposed granted to the sub-licensee only, 
 and not to his assigns. 
 
 (/) Here add (if thought fit) a covenant not to invalidate the licence. 
 
 (#) That is, not one of the half-yearly days mentioned in the licence. 
 Where the contrary is intended, vary the clause accordingly.
 
 1142 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Sub -licensee 
 to perform, 
 &o. certain 
 covenants in 
 superior 
 licence. 
 
 To pay the 
 sub-licensor 
 for plates 
 bearing the 
 patent mark. 
 
 Power for 
 
 sub-licensor 
 to inspect 
 factory. 
 
 Sub-licensee 
 not to assign. 
 &c. without 
 consent. 
 
 proper books of account, and make true and complete entries 
 therein at the earliest opportunities of all particulars necessary 
 or convenient for any of the purposes hereof, or to enable the said 
 A: B. or his assigns to keep and furnish accounts in respect of 
 this licence in accordance with bis covenant in this behalf in the 
 said licence dated, &c., contained of all transactions relating to the 
 manufacture (A) of articles by the said C. D. hereunder, and shall 
 produce the said books, &c. [use Precedent 30, and the provision 
 as to verification of accounts in Precedent 31]. 
 
 3. The said C. D. shall at all times during the continuance of 
 this licence perform and observe the covenants and conditions in 
 the said licence dated, &c., as to the use of the patent mark on all 
 articles manufactured by him, and manufacturing the same only 
 according to the specification, and not disputing the validity of the 
 said letters patent or other letters patent for the time being com- 
 prised in this licence (i), and shall at all times keep the said A. B. 
 and his assigns effectually indemnified against all damages or costs 
 occasioned by any breach by the said C. D. of this present 
 covenant. 
 
 4. The said O. D . shall on the - day of - next, and thence- 
 forth on every half-yearly day aforesaid, during the continuance 
 of this licence pay to the said A. B. or his assigns for all plates 
 [or "labels" or, &c.] bearing the patent mark obtained by him or 
 them from the licensor or his assigns and furnished to the said 
 C. D. at the rate of - - shillings per dozen. 
 
 5. The said A. B. and his assigns or his or their agents shall be 
 at liberty at all reasonable times during the continuance of this 
 licence, &c. [liberty to inspect factory, as in Precedent 31, ante, 
 p. 1098]. 
 
 6. The said C. D. shall not, without the written consent of the 
 said A. B. or his assigns, assign, or mortgage, charge, or other- 
 wise incumber or grant any sub-licence in respect of this licence 
 or attempt so to do. 
 
 (A) The superior licence is to be supposed to provide for payment by 
 the licensee of royalties on articles manufactured by his sub-licensees. 
 This course is recommended in order to accelerate the settlement of 
 accounts between licensor and licensee, notwithstanding that the licence 
 provides for payment of royalties on articles sold by the licensee. 
 
 (i) Add any other excepted covenants and conditions if necessary.
 
 LICENCES. 1 143 
 
 7. The said C. D. shall during the continuance hereof use his To give 
 best endeavours to detect every suspected infringement of the said aUeged'in- 
 letters patent or other letters patent for the time being comprised fnngements 
 
 1 1 I 1 10 Till- A T ' ! aU< * a8S18 t m 
 
 in the said licence dated, &c., and shall give the said A. B. or his proceedings, 
 assigns written notice thereof as soon as the said C . D . shall have 
 suspected and also (if the case) ascertain the same, and shall at 
 the expense of the said A. B. or his assigns as to actual disburse- 
 ments (if any) made or liabilities (if any) incurred thereby, assist 
 him or them in any proceedings undertaken (unrequested by the 
 said C. D.) by him or them in respect thereof as shall be reasonably 
 required. 
 
 8. Each party hereto shall during the continuance, &c. [mutual Mutual cove- 
 covenant as to improvements, as in Precedent 31, ante, p. 1099, pavements! 11 " 
 writing "for the use of both parties hereto or the assigns of 
 
 the said A. B."]. 
 
 9. The said A. B. hath not heretofore granted for the said No other sub- 
 district any licence for use of the said invention or any other i^g^fg an( j 
 invention comprised in the said licence dated, &c., and shall not pon-userof 
 nor shall his assigns during the continuation of this licence use i n district by 
 the said invention, or grant licences in respect thereof, or authorise 8ub - llcens r * 
 any person or persons whomsoever to use the said inventions or 
 
 any of them within the said district. 
 
 10. The said A. B. or his assigns shall at all times during the Sub-licensor 
 continuance of this licence, at the request and cost of the said C . D ., p rocee ,i f or 
 commence and prosecute in the name or names of the said A . B . or infringement* 
 
 . IT a * request and 
 
 his assigns, or procure the licensor or his assigns to commence and cost of sub- 
 prosecute, all legal or other proceedings in respect of any infringe- llcensee > &c - 
 ment or suspected infringement of the said letters patent or other 
 letters patent for the time being comprised in the said licence 
 dated, &c., committed or alleged to have been committed within 
 the said district, or, at the like cost, in any case where the said 
 A. B. or his assigns shall be entitled in his or their own name or 
 names to commence and prosecute any such proceedings, permit 
 the said C . D . in the name or names of the said A . B . or his assigns 
 so to do. 
 
 11. If any royalties or other sums payable hereunder or any Power of 
 part thereof respectively shall be in arrear for twenty-one days, ^Votoon 
 whether demanded or not, or if the said C. D. shall commit a default in
 
 1144 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 payment of 
 royalties or on 
 breaches or 
 bankruptcy. 
 
 Acknowledg- 
 ment, &c. as 
 to the licence. 
 
 breach of any of his other obligations hereundcr (fc), or shall 
 become bankrupt, or commit any act of bankruptcy, whether 
 available for adjudication or not, the said A. B. or his assigns 
 may by notice in writing served on the said C. D. revoke this 
 licence, without prejudice to the recovery by the said A. B. or 
 his assigns of any moneys then already due, or to any right of 
 action by either party hereto, or the assigns of the said A. B., for 
 past breaches accrued hereunder. 
 
 12. The said A. B. 'hereby acknowledges the right of the said 
 C. D. to production of the said licence dated, &c., and to the 
 delivery and right to take copies of the same, and undertakes for 
 the safe custody thereof. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (Z). 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 Deed of com- 
 mutation of 
 royalties 
 reserved in a 
 licence. 
 
 Recitals. 
 The licence. 
 
 42. DEED OF COMMUTATION of 'Royalties reserved in 
 a Licence. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the licensor"), of the one part, and C. D., of, 
 &c. (hereinafter called " the licensee "), of the other part:: WHEREAS 
 by a licence under seal dated, &c., the licensor granted unto the; 
 licensee and his assigns the sole and exclusive licence for the 
 term of, &c., to use, exercise, and vend within the [district] a 
 i-ertain invention called, &c., for which letters patent dated, &c., 
 and numbered, &c., had been granted unto the licensor, and in 
 the said licence were reserved unto the licensor royalties at the rate 
 of - - shillings for, &c., payable half-yearly on every - - day 
 of - - and - day of - , and it was thereby provided that 
 at any time from and after the - day of - , 19 , the licensee 
 should be at liberty to commute the payment of any future 
 royalties aforesaid on his satisfying all previous royalties or other 
 sums then due thereunder, and paying to the licensor such further 
 
 (fc) The reference appearing in the other precedents of licences (ante) 
 as to giving notice to make good any breaches, may also be inserted here, 
 if the superior licence does not provide to the contrary. 
 
 (Z) The sub-licence should be registered.
 
 LICENCES. 1 145 
 
 sum of money as therein mentioned: AND WHEREAS the licensee Payment of 
 hath up to the date hereof duly paid all royalties and other sums satisfaction of 
 
 due by him to the licensor under the said licence and also duly per- ^. er . 
 
 , , , , ,,. -IT obligations up 
 
 tormed and observed his other obligations under the said licence: to date. 
 
 AND WHEREAS the licensor hath agreed with the licensee that Agreement to 
 all future royalties which might become payable under the said 
 licence shall be commuted for the sum of - payable forth- 
 with, and in consideration of payment of such sum to execute such 
 release as is hereinafter contained. NOW THIS INDENTUEE Tetatum. 
 WITNESS ETH that in pursuance of the said agreement, and O f 6 future 
 in consideration of the sum of - now paid to the licensor by the royalties for a 
 licensee (the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged), he the 
 licensor doth hereby release the licensee from the payment of all 
 royalties which might but for these presents become payable here- 
 after under the hereinbefore recited licence, dated, &c.: AND Covenant by 
 THE LICENSOR doth hereby covenant with the licensee that not- 
 
 withstanding anything by him done, omitted, or knowingly of patent and 
 suffered, the said letters patent are now valid and subsisting and release 
 not void or voidable, and that notwithstanding as aforesaid he the r y alties - 
 the licensor hath power to release the licensee in manner aforesaid 
 from the payment of the said royalties. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (m). 
 
 43. MEMORANDUM to be notified on Register as to the Memorandum 
 REVOCATION of a Licence. 
 
 BE IT KNOWN from me, A. B., of, &c., that the licence dated, 
 &c., and made between myself of the one part and C. D. of, &c., alicence - 
 of the other part, granted by 'me to the said C . D . of the inven~ 
 tions mentioned, together with the letters patent and other 
 patent rights relating to the same, in the schedule hereto, did on 
 the - - day of - last absolutely determine, and that the said 
 inventions, letters patent and other patent rights are now vested 
 in me [and my licensees] free from the said licence and any su T>- 
 
 (w) The deed should be notified on the register as containing matter 
 affecting the legal proprietorship of the patent. See sect. 28 of the Act 
 of 1907. The deed is also a variation of the licence, which, we may 
 suppose, has been previously registered.
 
 1146 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Notice of 
 revocation of 
 a licence 
 (where 
 no breach) . 
 
 licences granted by the said C. D., and I enter this notification by 
 virtue of Clause - - of the said agreement. 
 
 As WITNESS my hand this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 Notice by a 
 licensee to 
 determine the 
 licence. 
 
 44. NOTICE of KEVOCATION of a Licence (where no breach) . 
 
 To C. D., of, &c. 
 
 I HEREBY in exercise of the power given me by Clause - 
 of the licence dated, &c., granted by me to you under the letters. 
 patent dated, &c., and numbered, &c., for [title of invention] give- 
 you notice that the said licence shall determine and stand revoked 
 
 as from the day of next. 
 
 Dated, &c. [Signature]. 
 
 45. NOTICE by a Licensee to DETERMINE the Licence. 
 
 To A. B., of, &c. 
 I HEREBY in exercise of the power given me by Clause 
 
 of 
 
 the licence dated, &c., granted to me by you under the letters 
 patent dated, &c., and numbered, &c., for [title of invention] give 
 
 you notice that the said licence shall as from the day of > 
 
 next absolutely determine and cease to be binding on me. 
 
 Dated, &c. [Signature']. 
 
 Notice to 
 make good a 
 breach of 
 covenant. 
 
 46. NOTICE to MAKE GOOD a BREACH OF COVENANT. 
 
 To C. D., of, &c. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice to make good within - days from 
 the date hereof the breach committed by you in oo.' about September 
 last of your covenant to, &c. [shortly state nature of covenant] 
 which covenant is contained in the licence dated, &c., granted 
 by me to you under the letters patent dated, &c., for [title of 
 invention] (n) . 
 
 Dated, &c. [Signature']. 
 
 (n) See next precedent for a notice of revocation of the licence in con- 
 sequence of the failure to comply with the above notice.
 
 LICENCES. 
 
 1147 
 
 47. NOTICE of REVOCATION of a Licence for BREACH OF Notice of 
 COVENANT. 
 
 m /^ T breach 
 
 To C. D., 01, &C. of covenant. 
 
 I HEREBY give you notice that in consequence of the breach by 
 you in or about the month of September last of your covenant to, 
 &c. [here shortly stale the nature of the covenant], which covenant 
 is contained in the licence dated, &c., granted by me to you under 
 the letters patent dated, &c., numbered, &c., for [title of in- 
 vention] (o), and of your non-compliance with the notice in writing 
 dated, &c., served by me on you by which I required you to make 
 good the said breach within -- days from the date of such notice. 
 the said licence shall determine and stand revoked as from the 
 day next after the date hereof. 
 
 Dated, &c. [Signature]. 
 
 48. NOTICE of CONTENTS of SUB-LICENCE (p). Notice of 
 
 contents of 
 To A. B., of, &C. sub-licence. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 A. B.'s Patent Licence to C.D. (Self) Sub-licence to 
 E. F. 
 
 The following are the short particulars of a sub-licence granted 
 
 by me on the day of last to E. F., of, &c. [but not to his 
 
 assigns] . 
 
 Date (as above], Parties, Self & E. F., District, the Town of 
 
 - and ten miles from the Town Hall: To MANUFACTURE [the 
 
 patent articles] for years from the same date at the following 
 
 royalties payable half-yearly every day of - - and - 
 
 day of namely [state the royalties]. 
 
 The covenants by the sub-licensee are (amongst others) to pay 
 the royalties on the half-yearly days, to keep regular accounts, 
 and on same days to furnish full statements of manufacture and 
 
 (o) Omit the reference to the previous notice if inapplicable. 
 
 (p} A licence should provide that the licensee shall give immediate 
 notice to the licensor of the grant of each sub-licence, and furnish him 
 with a copy or short particulars of it. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 19
 
 1148 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 sales, not to assign, incumbcr, grant sub-licences in respect of, or 
 otherwise part with the possession or control of the sub-licence, or 
 attempt so to do, to give speedy notice to the sub-licensor of sus- 
 pected or ascertained infringements of the patent within the 
 district, and assist the sub-licensor in any proceedings on account 
 thereof, to perform and observe the covenants in the licence, to 
 use the patent mark, not to dispute the validity of the patent, and 
 to manufacture only according to the specification. There is also 
 a PROVISO for revocation of the sub-licence on default for - 
 days in the payment of any royalties, or on the breach by the 
 sub-licensee of any other of his obligations. 
 
 Dated, &c. [Signature]. 
 
 49. SPECIAL CLAUSES in LICENCES. 
 Covenant to ][ j; ne licensee shall during the continuance of this licence pay 
 
 pay royalties 
 
 (fixed sums), to the licensor half-yearly on every day of - - and day 
 
 of - - for every - - manufactured by the licensee hereunder, 
 and in the half-years then ending respectively sold by him, a 
 royalty of (q) [Or say " the royalty specified in the Schedule 
 
 Variation* of ( q \ Q f f^ to manufacture only) write, 
 the above in 
 
 certain cases, ''manufactured by the licensee hereunder in the half-years then 
 ending respectively a royalty of ." 
 
 Where the royalty is to be paid, not on an article but on a fixed quantity 
 of material, write (instead of the above), 
 
 "for every [say] hundredweight of - - manufactured, &c.," 
 and add (if thought fit), 
 
 " and so proportionately for any less quantity. PROVIDED, how- 
 ever, that any quantity less than [say] seven pounds not otherwise 
 liable to a royalty shall be treated as weighing seven pounds." 
 Where the invention is such that it may only be applied to existing or 
 unpatented articles or material, write (instead of the expression as to 
 manufacture), 
 
 "for every, &c., to which the said invention may be applied by 
 the licensee, &c." 
 
 Whore royalties are to be paid on sales (with or without previous royalties 
 on manufactures), it will be found convenient to use also Clause 5, post, 
 as to reduced royalties on articles unsold at end of Licence.
 
 LICENCES. 1149 
 
 hereto," and add (if appropriate) " according to the size and 
 description of such article"] (r). 
 
 2 ($) . The licensee shall during the continuance of this licence RoyaltieB 
 pay to the licensor half-yearly on every -- day of - and -- bothon "^ 
 day of for every -- manufactured by the licensee hereunder manufacture 
 in the half-years then ending respectively a royalty of -- , 
 
 and for every - - sold by him as aforesaid therein respectively 
 a royalty of - . 
 
 3 . The gross returns on the sale of each machine by the licensee Royalties on 
 shall be applied first in satisfaction to him of a sum of -- , or 
 
 such lesser sum as such returns will amount to, which sum shall be fa ? tion of cost 
 
 price and 
 
 taken to include both the cost price of the article and the profit manufac- 
 
 thereon of the licensee as manufacturer thereof, and as to the 
 
 balance (if any) of such returns shall be divided equally between manufacturer 
 
 , ., . ,.~. and seller). 
 
 the said parties (t). 
 
 4. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that the licensee may at the end of each Proviso that 
 half-year, without giving any previous notice to the licensor of *" aides on 
 his intention so to do [but not so as thereby to reduce the rent (w)], sales, lower 
 vary the amount of royalties in respect of any of the articles afore- 
 
 said not being less than - in number then in his possession on m anufac- 
 
 ... . tures and 
 
 and unsold, by debiting himself therefor in the accounts for such sales. 
 half-year with royalties at the rate of shillings per article (x], 
 and so that at the end of any succeeding half-year in which the 
 articles last aforesaid shall be sold he shall debit himself in the 
 accounts with further royalties at the rate of - - shillings per 
 article (y] . 
 
 (r) In this clause, and other later ones, the assigns of either party or 
 of both of them may be taken to be implied by means of a Transmission 
 Clause. See Clause 52, post. 
 
 (s) For variations in the language of this clause as to the nature of the 
 invention, see note (g), ante. 
 
 (t) The final share of the licensee will be his profit as a licensee. 
 Clause 5, post, might be adapted to form a proviso to the above clause, by 
 making the reduced royalty depend on the average selling price for the 
 previous few months or so. 
 
 (.) That is, if rent be reserved. 
 
 (a;) Or say, 
 "the royalties in this behalf mentioned in the Schedule hereto." 
 
 (y) Ib. The above proviso should be supplemented by the next pro- 
 viso as to reduced royalties on articles remaining unsold at the end of 
 the term. 
 
 19 (2)
 
 1150 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Proviso that 
 unsold articles 
 at eud of 
 term shall 
 bear reduced 
 royalties. 
 
 Covenant to 
 puy rent and 
 royalties. 
 
 Another form. 
 
 5 (2) . PROVIDED ALWAYS, that at the end or sooner determination 
 of this licence, all articles in the possession of the licensee not then 
 already sold, whether actually complete or only in course of manu- 
 facture, shall bear the royalties which would respectively become 
 payable under Clause - - if the same had been actually sold, 
 less, however, a discount of - - per cent, thereof (a). 
 
 6 (&). The licensee shall during the continuance of this licence 
 pay to the licensor the annual sum of - (hereinafter called 
 "the rent"), by two equal instalments of - each on every 
 
 - day of - - and - - day of - - respectively, by way of 
 royalty at the rate of - - shillings per hundredweight on - 
 hundredweight half-yearly of the said - , as if such quantity 
 shall in each such half-year have actually been manufactured 
 hereunder by the licensee (c), and also, except as next heroin- 
 after provided (d), a royalty on the same half-yearly days respec- 
 tively at the same rate for every hundredweight or lesser quantity 
 of - - manufactured by him hereunder in each such half-year 
 in excess of such quantity of - - hundredweight (je) 
 
 7. The licensee doth hereby covenant, &c. [Use Clause 1, ante, 
 p. 1148, as to the covenant topay royalties. ~\ 'AND ALSO such further 
 sum (if any) as together with the said royalties shall amount to 
 the sum of - (hereinafter called " the rent "), [that is to say 
 a sum equal to the amount of royalties on - - of the said 
 articles (/)] (g). 
 
 (z) This proviso is to apply only where royalties on sales (with or 
 without royalties on manufacture) are reserved. 
 
 (a) This clause must be varied for the case of the original royalties not 
 being of fixed amount, e.g., as in Clause 3, ante. In every such case the 
 reduced royalty might conveniently be some percentage on the average 
 selling price for the last few months or so. 
 
 (6) For another form, see next clause. 
 
 (c) Or (if the royalties are to be on sales) say, 
 
 "as if such quantity had actually been manufactured, and in 
 each such half-year been sold by him." 
 
 (rf) This refers to the Average Clause. See Clauses 8 and 9, post. 
 
 (e) Or (as to sales) say, 
 
 " manufactured by him hereunder, and in each such half -year 
 sold by him in excess, &c." 
 
 (/) If the words in brackets be used care should be taken that the 
 calculation is correct. 
 
 (g) See the next two clauses (Average Clauses),
 
 LICENCES. H 51 
 
 8. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the rent for any half-year shall Average 
 exceed the total amount of royalties due therefor, the licensee shall 
 be entitled for any one or more succeeding half-years (so far as 
 necessary for the purpose) for which respectively the total amount 
 of royalties due shall exceed the rent, to a remission of so much of 
 the latter excess as will make up to him the excess of payment 
 made in the half-year for which the rent shall have exceeded the 
 royalties due therefor as aforesaid (ti) . 
 
 9 ({) . PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the licensees shall for the period Another form, 
 between the date hereof and the first day of January next, or for 
 any succeeding year, pay a royalty or royalties according to the 
 covenant hereinbefore contained without having actually sold 
 within such period or year the engine or engines on which such 
 royalty or royalties were so paid, they shall be at liberty in any 
 succeeding year or years, without paying any further royalty in 
 respect thereof, to sell to the number requisite to make up such 
 past deficiency aforesaid an engine or engines of the lowest class 
 or (but subject to the payment of the difference in royalties) an 
 engine or engines of any different class or classes. 
 
 10. A royalty of for every carload of - - imported by Royalties on 
 
 the licensees into their works for the manufacture as hereinbefore 
 authorised, which term carload shall be deemed to mean a quantity 
 
 of - - aforesaid of the weight of - - hundredweight (fc), and 
 so proportionately for any lesser quantity . PROVIDED, HOWEVER, 
 that no apportionment of any royalty shall be made in respect of 
 any quantity less than seven pounds (?). 
 
 11. Pay .... for every shuttle used in weaving as afore- Royalties per 
 said the said fabrics without silk and either in warp or weft to a acc0 rding to 
 width not exceeding three inches the sum of five shillings for 7V* 4 . 11 of d 
 every day or fraction of a day of such use, and to a width exceeding period of use. 
 
 (^) For another form, see next clause. 
 
 (i) This proviso is to meet the case of royalties of different amounts 
 having been reserved on the sales of engines of different classes, and an 
 annual rent having been fixed covering the royalties on the sales of a 
 certain number of engines of the lowest class. 
 
 (fe) Or (if applicable) write, 
 
 " a quantity of aforesaid to the extent of - - superficial 
 
 feet." 
 
 (Z) Or " superficial feet."
 
 1152 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Royalties on 
 railway foot- 
 warmers, 
 to which the 
 inventiou may 
 be applied. 
 
 Royalties to 
 
 be reduced to 
 
 lowest 
 
 for time being 
 
 in other 
 
 lire -in -I-.-. 
 
 Early notice 
 
 to be given to 
 
 licensee 
 
 of any licence 
 
 involving the 
 
 reduction. 
 
 Reduced 
 royalties not 
 to be increased 
 if other 
 licence be 
 determined. 
 
 Suspension of 
 rent and 
 royalties 
 while licensor 
 omits to take 
 proceedings 
 for infringe- 
 ments. 
 
 three inches but not exceeding six inches the further sum of two 
 shillings for every day or fraction of a day of such use, and to a 
 width exceeding six inches but not exceeding nine inches the still 
 further sum of two shillings for every day or fraction of a day 
 of such use, and so on at the rate of two shillings per day or fraction 
 of a day of such use for each and every further extra width of 
 three inches or less. And for every shuttle, <fcc. [Similar pro- 
 vision as to the manufacture of the fabrics with silk.] 
 
 12. A royalty of for the application of the said inven- 
 tion to the first 1,000 foot- warmers or other appliances of a 
 similar character used by the company or any lesser number, and 
 for the like application to every additional 100, and so pro- 
 portionately in respect of any less number than 100 of such 
 additional appliances. 
 
 13 (m). The royalties for any articles aforesaid shall be reduced 
 from time to time so as to equal the lowest royalties for corre- 
 sponding articles for the time being provided to be paid in similar 
 cases in any other then subsisting licence granted for the said 
 district or any part thereof (n) . AND FURTHER, the licensor shall 
 give to the licensee information in writing at the earliest oppor- 
 tunity of any reduction of royalties which ought to be made as 
 aforesaid, and of the circumstances relating to such reduction: 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS, that the licensor shall not without the written 
 consent of the licensee grant any other such licence unless there 
 be reserved thereunder royalties of the like kinds respectively as 
 are reserved hereunder payable half-yearly (o) . PROVIDED ALSO 
 that no royalties reduced as aforesaid so as not to exceed the 
 royalties of any other licence shall be liable to be increased by 
 reason only of the expiration of such licence . 
 
 14 (p) . If the licensee shall at any time during the continuance 
 of this licence have reasonable cause to believe that an infringement 
 of the said letters patent had taken or was then taking place 
 within the said district, and shall serve the licensor with a notice 
 
 (w) For a shorter clause, see Clause 34, post. 
 
 (TO) Or let there be no limit in the area, e.g., if the intended licence be 
 an exclusive one. 
 
 (o) Or as provided in the present licence. 
 
 (p) See Henderson v. Mostyn Copper Go., L. R. 3 0. P. 202.
 
 LICENCES. 
 
 in writing requiring him at the expense of the licensee (q) to 
 take proceedings, legal or otherwise, with all due speed in order to 
 prevent or restrain the said infringement or any renewal thereof, 
 and the licensor shall for the space of one week or more after such 
 service unreasonably neglect or refuse so to do, or having com- 
 menced, shall for the like space unreasonably neglect or refuse 
 to continue such proceedings, the licensee may at any time there- 
 after, while the said infringement or renewal thereof shall remain 
 unprevented or unrestrained, on serving the licensor with a further 
 notice in writing for the purpose, be at liberty to withhold pay- 
 ment of any rent or royalties aforesaid thereafter becoming due 
 hereunder (r} : PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the suspended payments 
 shall revive (if at all) either on the termination of any proceedings 
 aforesaid resulting in favour of the licensor, or if and whenever it 
 shall be ascertained to the proper satisfaction of the licensee that 
 the alleged inf ringer or inf ringers had done nothing to justify 
 any such proceedings being taken against him or them, but the 
 licensee shall in the meantime keep due account of all royalties 
 so suspended, [(s) PROVIDED ALSO that the licensee, in addition 
 to requiring the licensor to take any such proceedings as aforesaid, 
 shall, as a condition precedent to the commencement thereof, 
 furnish the licensor with such particulars of and information as to 
 the alleged infringement as should establish a reasonable pre- 
 sumption as to the fact of such infringement.] 
 
 15. Pay to the licensor half-yearly on every - - day of - - Royalties 
 and - day of - during the said term the following royalties, v jf rie ^ * 88ale8 
 namely: Fior the first 100 articles aforesaid sold by the licensees continue. 
 
 - per cent, on the gross proceeds of the sale thereof, and for 
 the next 400 articles aforesaid so sold - - per cent, on the gross 
 proceeds of the sale thereof, and for any further articles so sold 
 as aforesaid - - per cent, on the gross proceeds of sale thereof. 
 
 16. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that from and after the - - day of Royalties in 
 , 19 , the said royalties shall be reduced in amount yearly 
 
 so that for the year 19 , the royalties shall be at rates five per certain date. 
 
 (g) Or at the expense of the licensor. In the latter case the proviso in 
 brackets at the end of this clause should be inserted. 
 
 (r) Or provide, as in Clause 19, that the payments shall be made to 
 trustees. 
 
 (s) This proviso is to be inserted where the costs of the proceedings 
 are to be borne by the licensor.
 
 1154 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Remission of 
 royalties 
 in the case of 
 bad debts. 
 
 Payments to 
 cease or 
 (pending 
 appeal) to be 
 suspended if 
 patent become 
 Toid. 
 
 cent, leas than those for the year 19 , and for each of the second, 
 third and remaining years during the continuance of this licence 
 the royalties shall be at rates five per cent, less than those in tha 
 preceding year. 
 
 17 (). PROVIDED ALWAYS, that every sum not being less than 
 
 ' which may be owing to the licensee from any single person, 
 
 firm, or company, or persons jointly, as the price of articles sold 
 by him in any half-year, shall be treated in the accounts therefor 
 as having been then actually paid to him (?<), and every sum of 
 whatever amount which at the end of some half-year aforesaid 
 shall have been owing to the licensee as aforesaid for calendar 
 months or more shall, unless the licensee shall show to the satis- 
 faction of the licensor that he had taken all reasonable means 
 1 o recover the said sum, be treated in ,the accounts for that half-year 
 as having been actually paid to him, but except as aforesaid, and 
 subject to his accounting for any moneys as and when received 
 by him (if at all) in respect of any debts owing to him as afore- 
 said, no debts at the end of any half-year remaining owing to 
 the licensee for articles sold by him as aforesaid shall be treated in 
 such accounts as moneys actually received by him. 
 
 18. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the said letters patent shall from 
 any cause become wholly or as to some material part of the said 
 invention void, the unpaid balance (if any) not then already due 
 of the said purchase-money shall cease to be payable either at 
 all, and in that case this licence shall absolutely determine without 
 prejudice to the payment of all moneys then already due, or to any 
 right of action by either party then accrued hereunder, or (in the 
 event of a successful appeal from any judgment revoking the said 
 letters patent), during the period for which such judgment shall 
 remain in force, and in the event of such an appeal the right of the 
 licensors to payment of the said balance shall revive, and the 
 same, or so much thereof as shall have fallen due on each half- 
 yearly day (if any) aforesaid within the same period, shall become 
 payable at the date of the said judgment on appeal. PROVIDED 
 
 (f) This proviso will suit the case of the royalties being by way of a 
 share of the net profits or sale moneys, or can easily be adapted for the 
 case of other kinds of royalties payable in respect of sales. 
 
 () This is, of course, to discourage credit being given for large 
 amounts.
 
 LICENCES. 
 
 ALWAYS, that the final ccsser of payment as aforesaid shall be But final 
 
 * '* ~s< 'I 1 to 1 n 
 
 deemed satisfaction in full to the licensee of any claim by him for deemed 
 damages or compensation by reason of the said letters patent ^ tls * action 
 having become void as aforesaid. 
 
 19. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that pending any proceedings that may Royalties 
 be undertaken by any third party in order to obtain the revocation tj.^^^ 1 
 of the said letters patent, the licensee shall pay all royalties for pending 
 
 the time being due hereunder to A. B., of, &c., and C. D., of, &c., f or revocation 
 
 or such other persons as the parties hereto may select, who shall of P atenfc - 
 
 retain all sums so paid to them until final judgment, whether 
 
 on appeal or otherwise, shall have been delivered in respect of the 
 
 said proceedings, and in case such judgment shall be in favour 
 
 of the licensor, shall pay the said sums to the licensor, but in case 
 
 it shall be in revocation of the said letters patent, shall pay the 
 
 same to the licensee, subject as to the said sums in either case to the 
 
 satisfaction thereout of the costs and expenses of and attending the 
 
 trusts in respect thereof as aforesaid (#) . 
 
 20. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if from any cause whatever not Cesserofrent 
 attributable to the licensee, the licensor shall for any one half-year 
 
 become unable to and in fact not supply to the licensee the said material 
 material to the amount of - - tons at least, the rent shall not 
 become payable for such half-year, but this proviso shall not 
 affect the obligation of the licensee to pay royalties as aforesaid 
 on the amount of [the substance manufactured] in the same half- 
 year actually manufactured by him subject to the operation of 
 Clause - (T/) . 
 
 21 (z). All articles delivered or sent by the licensee to any of Delivery 
 
 his sub-licensees according to the terms of their respective sub- f articles by 
 
 licensee to his 
 
 licences shall for the purposes of this licence be considered as selling sub- 
 
 licencees to be 
 ~ deemed sales 
 
 (x) It may be intended, however, only to provide for the return to a 
 licensee, in case the patent should be revoked, of some part of his 
 premium (if any) or such a sum as will make up to him what he has 
 not succeeded in recovering by virtue of the Average Clause. The above 
 clause can, of course, be easily modified to make such a provision. 
 
 (y] The Average Clause. 
 
 (z) This clause may be used where the licensee has to pay royalties 
 on sales, but not otherwise. Where the sub-licensees may manufacture, 
 it may be provided that articles when manufactured by them shall be 
 deemed sold to them, so as to make royalties payable to the licensor by the 
 licensee thereon.
 
 1156 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Commutation 
 of royalties. 
 
 Patent mark 
 to be used. 
 
 having been actually sold by tbe licensee at the respective times 
 when the same shall have left his said works in the possession of 
 or to be delivered to such sub-licensees respectively, and the licensee 
 shall accordingly pay in respect of such articles the royalties pro- 
 vided by Clause - - hereof to be paid in respect of sales less a 
 discount of - - per cent, thereof (a). 
 
 22. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that the licensee may commute the pay- 
 ment of future royalties as from the day of - , 19 , or 
 
 the last day of any other year thereafter of the said term hereby 
 granted, by serving the licensor with not less than three calendar 
 months' previous notice in writing of his intention so to do, and 
 on such day, or within days thereafter, paying to the licensor 
 all sums then due to him hereunder, and a further sum equal to. 
 the aggregate of the royalties which (as calculated by the average 
 yearly receipt hereunder of royalties for all the previous years) 
 might become payable for the residue then to come of the said 
 term (6), lees, however, as to each yearly sum forming the said 
 aggregate a discount therefrom by way of interest thereon at the 
 rate of - - per cent, per annum for the period between the time 
 of commutation and the day when such yearly sum is to be deemed 
 payable, and the licensor shall at the expense of the licensee duly 
 execute to him a release of the said royalties accordingly (c) . 
 
 23. The licensee shall place on some conspicuous part of every 
 article manufactured by him, as soon as the same shall be com- 
 pleted, a brass plate [or "label" or, <#c.], to be furnished by the- 
 licensor as and when required by the licensee, bearing a mark 
 (hereinafter called the patent mark) according to the form given in 
 the margin hereof, numbered in order of manufacture with one 
 of the series of the numbers 101, 102, 103, &c., commencing with 
 the first thereof, and the licensee shall not part with the said article 
 or keep the same in his possession without the patent mark so- 
 
 (a) In the absence of such, a clause the royalties payable on sales by 
 the licensee will, of course, be also payable on sales by sub-licensees. 
 
 (6) Where rent is reserved the commutation might be based on the 
 aggregate of the future rent, or the above clause be used. 
 
 (c) This is a simple method of computing roughly the present worth 
 of the supposed future royalties. A high percentage should be stated, 
 partly as a set-off to some extent to the possible claim that compound 
 interest should be calculated with half-yearly rests, i.e., if the royalties 
 are payable half-yearly.
 
 LICENCES. 
 
 affixed thereto, and shall not affix to or put on the said machine any 
 other mark, plate, words, or inscription, whether having reference 
 to the said invention or otherwise (except the name and address 
 of the licensee), and shall on each half-yearly day aforesaid, or 
 within twenty-one days thereafter, pay to the licensor for the 
 said plates [or "labels" or, &c^\ so furnished in the half-year 
 then ended at the rate of - - shillings per dozen, including the 
 costs of carriage and delivery thereof. 
 
 24. The licensee shall affix on every hox, packet, bottle, jar, Another form. 
 or other receptacle of or containing the said -, as and when 
 manufactured by him, a label or plate bearing the proper patent 
 
 mark and designation of the said invention, which shall be fur- 
 nished by the licensor as and when required by the licensee, and 
 shall not sell or part with the possession of any such - - or the 
 receptacle containing it without, &c. [As in last clause, but per- 
 haps stating different prices for the labels and plates.'] 
 
 25. The licensor shall at his own expense from time to time, Licensor 
 
 as and when reasonably required by the licensee, but in respect t 8end P er80U 
 
 J to manuiac- 
 
 only of - at least in number of such articles at any one time, tory to affix 
 send some person to the works of the licensee for the purpose m arks. e ' 
 of affixing the said plates to such articles aforesaid produced by 
 the licensee as shall not have the same affixed thereto respectively. 
 
 26. Every article manufactured under this licence shall be Stamping 
 stamped by the licensees with such die as shall be furnished by the ^j^a die!* 5 * 
 licensors for this purpose. And further, every article manu- Licensees also 
 f actured. under any other licence granted by the licensors in respect 
 
 of the said invention to any other person or persons shall during the by other 
 continuance of this licence, as and when required by the licensors 
 or any person authorised by them, and if brought to the licensees 
 for this purpose, be stamped by them with the said die, and the 
 said articles so brought as aforesaid shall be properly stamped and 
 ready for delivery within two days after the same shall have been 
 brought to the licensees, who as to each quantity brought in at one 
 and the same time may charge for the stamping thereof at the 
 following rates respectively, namely, at the rate of -- shillings 
 per dozen, and so proportionately for any part of a dozen not being 
 less than three, or if more than six dozen shall be brought in, then 
 at the reduced rate of -- shillings per dozen, and so propor- 
 tionately as aforesaid, or if more than twelve dozen shall be 
 brought in, then at the further reduced rate of - - shillings per
 
 1158 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Charges to be 
 debited to 
 licensors. 
 
 Dies to 
 
 be property of 
 
 licensors. 
 
 tu 
 
 be inserted in 
 other licences 
 for licensees 
 to bring 
 articles to 
 licensees 
 hereof to be 
 stamped. 
 
 No amend- 
 ment of 
 specification 
 by licensor 
 without 
 consent 
 of licensee. 
 
 Covenant by 
 licensor as to 
 no prior 
 licences, and 
 not to use 
 invention or 
 grant other 
 licences. 
 
 Covenant by 
 licensee to 
 muniifiirtuie 
 only 
 
 according to 
 specification 
 [or in default 
 to pay 
 royalties on 
 articles made 
 otherwise, 
 but without 
 prejudice to 
 power of 
 revocation]. 
 
 dozen, and so proportionately as aforesaid, and all such charges 
 made in any half-year aforesaid shall be debited to the licensors, 
 and be set off at the end of such half-year against the same 
 amount of royalties payable by the licensee for that period as 
 aforesaid. PROVIDED HOWEVER that every die so furnished as 
 afore-said shall remain the property of the licensors, and be 
 delivered up as and when required by them. 
 
 27. Each licence hereafter granted by the licensors in respect of 
 the said invention to any other person or persons than the licensees 
 hereof shall contain a clause or provision by which the licensee 
 or licensees thereunder shall be bound to bring to the licensees 
 hereunder to be stamped in manner aforesaid all articles manu- 
 factured under such licence, and to pay for such stamping at 
 the rates at least and otherwise as hereinbefore provided. 
 
 28 (d} . The licensor shall not at any time during the continua- 
 tion of this licence amend the specification for the time being in 
 force at the Patent Office of the said invention, or any other 
 patented invention then subject hereto, without the written consent 
 of the licensee, but such consent shall not be arbitrarily withheld. 
 
 29 (e). The licensor hath not heretofore granted any licence for 
 the use of the said invention within the said district, and will 
 not during the subsistence of this licence use the said invention, or 
 grant licences in respect thereof, or authorise any person whomso- 
 ever to use the said invention within the said district. 
 
 30. The licensee shall not, during the continuance of this licence, 
 without the (written consent of the licensor, manufacture any article 
 aforesaid without the application of the said invention as described 
 in the specification thereof for the time being in force at the 
 Patent Office, [and in case he shall do so without such consent 
 shall (but Avithout prejudice to the right of the licensor in this 
 respect under Clause - - hereof to revoke this licence) pay to 
 the licensor such sum or sums by way of royalty to the amount 
 or respective amounts and otherwise as aforesaid, in respect of any 
 
 ((/) In general this clause will only be used for licences to manufacture, 
 where the rights are to be exclusive or partially exclusive, or where 
 premiums are to be paid. In a licence merely to sell the patent articles, 
 the clause can hardly be required. 
 
 (e) For exclusive licences only.
 
 LICENCES. 1159 
 
 article or articles manufactured by him contrary to this covenant, 
 as if the same had been manufactured in accordance therewith]. 
 
 31 . The licensee shall not, without the written consent of the Licensee not 
 licensor first had and obtained, assign, or mortgage, charge, [grant ^^^1 &c 
 sub-licences in respect of (/)] or otherwise deal or part with the without 
 possession or control of this licence, or attempt so to do [except by 
 way of sub-licensing as next hereinafter provided (g)~] [but such 
 consent shall not be arbitrarily withheld]. 
 
 i32. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that it shall be lawful for the licensee 
 to grant sub-licences hereunder which shall respectively be accord- 
 ing to the terms (amongst others) mentioned in the Schedule f Deuces [terms 
 
 -r. T i m Schedule] ; 
 
 hereto (h). PROVIDED ALSO, that the licensee shall immediately but notice and 
 after the grant by him of any sub-licence give the licensor written particulars to 
 notice thereof, stating the date of the sub-licence, the name and 
 address of the sub-licensee, the nature of the privileges thereby 
 granted, the amount and times for payment of the royalties 
 reserved thereunder, the length of the term comprised therein, and 
 the locality in which the same is to be enjoyed, and also showing 
 that the sub-licence contains the terms hereinbefore provided in 
 this behalf. 
 
 33. The licensee may grant sub-licences hereunder to manu- Another form 
 facture and sell the said articles, or only to sell the same, but each 
 sub-licence shall be expressed to take effect at once in possession, 
 and be granted to the sub-licensee personally only, and not to his 
 assigns, and be at royalties only, and not at any fine or premium, 
 and such royalties shall be made payable half -yearly, or at shorter 
 regular periods, and be the highest that can reasonably be gotten, 
 and shall contain covenants by the sub-licensee to perform and 
 observe the covenants and conditions in this licence as to the use 
 of the patent mark, the not disputing the validity of the letters 
 patent, and the manufacturing of articles only according to the 
 specification, and to keep and furnish regularly to the licensee 
 in respect of articles manufactured or sold under the sub-licence 
 accounts of a similar nature to the accounts hereinbefore cove- 
 nanted to be kept and furnished, and verify such accounts by 
 
 (/) Omit this reference to sub-licensing if an express power to sub- 
 license is to be given. 
 
 (gr) Retain this matter if either of the next clauses is inserted. 
 A In the next clause terms are set out.
 
 1160 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 statutory declaration, and not to assign or incumber the sub- 
 licence, or attempt so to do, without the written consent of the 
 licensee (i), and shall also contain a proviso for revocation of the 
 sub-licence on default being made for twenty-one days in the 
 payment of royalties due thereunder, or on the breach of the other 
 covenants or conditions in the sub-licence, or on the bankruptcy 
 of, or committal of any act of bankruptcy (whether available 
 for adjudication or not) by the sub-licensee, and so that the sub- 
 licensee shall execute and deliver a counterpart of his sub-licence 
 and the licensee shall not, without the written consent of the 
 licensor, release any of the covenants and conditions aforesaid to 
 be performed or observed by the sub-licensee, and shall give the 
 licensor immediate notice in writing of any breach committed 
 by the sub-licensee, and shall, if required by the licensor in writing! 
 so to do, revoke the sub-licence on account thereof, and in the 
 event of the revocation, whether as aforesaid or otherwise, of 
 the said sub-licence, shall not, without the like consent, grant 
 any new or further sub-licence hereunder to the same sub-licensee: 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS, that the licensee shall immediately after the 
 grant, &c. [Proviso as to giving notice and particulars of the grant 
 of every sub-licence as in last clause.'] 
 
 Licensor not 34 (fr). The licensor shall not grant licences to use or vend the 
 licences l sa> id invention or any part thereof at any place or places [outside 
 on terms more the said district! to any other person or persons on terms more 
 
 favourable . 
 
 than favourable to him or them than are granted to the licensees here- 
 
 hereunder. under 
 
 Liberty 35. The licensor and his agents shall be at liberty at all 
 
 inspect reasonable times during the continuance of this licence to enter 
 
 factory. anv place of the licensee where the manufacture or sale of the said 
 
 articles shall be carried on, in order to ascertain the state or extent 
 
 of such manufacture or sale, and that all covenants by the licensee 
 
 herein contained have been or are being performed or observed. 
 
 Licensee not 36. The licensee shall not, during the continuance of this licence 
 
 validity nor at anv ti me after the determination thereof, dispute or object 
 
 of patent. f O the validity of the said letters patent, or the novelty or utility 
 
 of the said invention. 
 
 (i) Add any other covenants, &c. suitable. 
 
 (k) Clause 13, ante, p. 1152, is a more extensive one to the same purpose 
 as the above.
 
 LICENCES. 1161 
 
 37. The licensor shall during the continuance of this licence Licensor 
 pay all fees necessary for the renewal of the said letters patent 
 
 - days at least hef ore the latest times appointed for the pay- licensee to do 
 
 ^ J so and deduct 
 
 ment thereof respectively, and, when required by the licensee, from royalties 
 
 produce the certificate to him of any payment thereof, or permit coiuKtionTof * 
 
 the licensee to pay any one or more of such fees, and to deduct the patent. 
 
 amount of the same if and when so paid by him from the amount 
 
 of royalties or other sums for the time being due hereunder, and 
 
 also generally perform and observe the conditions of the said letters 
 
 patent. 
 
 38. The licensor shall at all times during the continuance of Licensor to 
 this licence at his own cost defend every proceeding for revocation a ndat cost of 
 of the said letters patent, and at all times aforesaid, at the request licen f ee 
 
 . * to take pro- 
 
 and cost oi the licensee, commence and prosecute all legal or other ceedings for 
 
 proceedings in respect of any infringement or suspected infringe- 
 ment of the said letters patent committed within the said district, him, &c. 
 or permit the licensee at the like cost so to do in the name of the 
 licensor. 
 
 39. The licensee shall use his best endeavours to detect every Licensee 
 suspected infringement of the said letters patent within the said infringements 
 district, and shall give the licensor written notice thereof as soon and %f 
 
 11- 11 -I T i / r> i \ notice thereof 
 
 as the licensee shall have suspected and also (if the case) ascer- and assist 
 tainecl the same, and shall, at the expense of the licensor as to proceedings 
 actual disbursements (if any) made or liabilities (if any) incurred 
 thereby, assist him in any proceedings undertaken by him [un- 
 requested by the licensee] in respect thereof as shall be reasonably 
 required. 
 
 40. Either party may at any time determine this licence by Power for 
 serving the other with a written notice of his intention so to do to determine 
 three calendar months at least before the expiration of any half- licence on 
 year aforesaid, and such service shall operate accordingly, but 
 without prejudice to the recovery by either party of any moneys 
 
 then already due, or to any right of action for past breaches accrued 
 hereunder. 
 
 41. If any royalties or other sums payable hereunder by the Power of 
 licensee, or any part thereof respectively, shall for any half-year be default i n 
 not paid within twenty-one days from the expiration thereof payments or 
 (whether demanded or not), or if the licensee shall make default in other 
 
 any other obligation by him herein contained, and (in the case of a 
 
 breach capable of being made good) shall for the space of - - &o. of 
 
 licensee.
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Another form 
 (additional to 
 last by 
 referring to 
 unprofitable 
 working and 
 ceasing 
 to work). 
 
 Power for 
 licensee 
 to determine 
 licence if 
 patent void. 
 
 Mutual 
 covenant as to 
 improve- 
 
 nuiits, &c. 
 
 days after he shall have been served with a notice in writing by 
 the licensor requiring him to make good the said breach, neglect or 
 omit so to do, or if the licensee shall become bankrupt, or commit 
 any act of bankruptcy, whether available for adjudication or not, 
 then the licensor at any time thereafter, [and notwithstanding any 
 merely implied waiver by him of his right so to do], may, by 
 serving the licensee or his trustee in bankruptcy (if any) with a 
 notice in writing for this purpose, forthwith revoke this licence, 
 without prejudice however to the recovery by the licensor of any 
 moneys then already due, or to any right of action by or on behalf 
 of either party for past breaches accrued hereunder. 
 
 42. If the licensee shall not before the - - day of - - com- 
 mence to manufacture the said articles as aforesaid, or shall in 
 any one complete year ending on the - - day of - - not work 
 the said invention at a profit (I), or shall for a period of - 
 calendar months consecutively or more practically discontinue 
 working the same, or shall in any half-year aforesaid not manu- 
 facture (m) - - machines at least, or if any royalties or other 
 sums payable hereunder, &c. 
 
 [Continue as in last' clause.] 
 
 43 . PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the said letters patent shall from 
 any cause become wholly or as to some material part of the said 
 invention void, and incapable of being restored (notwithstanding 
 that any judgment in revocation of the said letters patent to the 
 extent aforesaid shall or shall not be appealed against), the licensee 
 may at any time thereafter, but not after any such judgment shall 
 have been (if the case) reversed on appeal, by notice in writing 
 served on the licensor determine this licence forthwith, without 
 prejudice however to the recovery by the licensor of any royalties 
 or other sums then already due to the licensor, or to any right of 
 action then already accrued to either party hereunder. 
 
 44 . AND EACH of them the said parties hereto doth hereby cove- 
 nant with the other of them that he will at the earliest opportunity 
 
 (Z) That is to say, the payment of the royalties for any current year 
 must not involve loss (Kernot v. Potter, 30 Beav. 343). 
 
 (m) Or " sell," but in that case not necessarily on account only of the 
 royalties being reserved on sales, as the word " sell " would be appropriate 
 even if the royalties were for manufactures.
 
 LICENCES. 116*5 
 
 either at his own place of business, or by post (if suitable), or 
 otherwise, as shall be reasonably required during the continuance 
 of this licence, communicate and explain to the other of them, free 
 of charge except as to expenses out of pocket incurred thereby, 
 every improvement in or addition to the said invention or mode 
 of applying the same, or any discovery useful for the manufacture 
 of the said articles that he may invent, ascertain, or make, or 
 otherwise be entitled to communicate, and that every such improve- 
 ment, addition or discovery (whether the same shall be or become 
 patented or not) shall during the continuance of this licence be 
 for the use of both parties hereto [or their respective assigns],, 
 and if made, invented, or ascertained by the licensor shall for the 
 purposes hereof be deemed part of the said invention. 
 
 45. The licensor shall at the earliest opportunity, &c., com- Covenant by- 
 municate and explain to the licensees, &c. [_as in last clause down improvement 
 to "entitled to communicate"] and, at the cost of the licensees madebyblnu 
 as to journeys and other expenses (if any) out of pocket occasioned 
 
 to him thereby, communicate to them or their agents or workmen 
 
 not exceeding in number, as and when reasonably required by 
 
 the licensees, the nature of such improvement, addition, or dis- 
 covery so as to enable them respectively to make full and effective 
 use of the same, and permit the licensees to have the use thereof 
 (whether it shall be or become patented or not), subject as nearly 
 as can be to the covenants and conditions herein contained, as if 
 such improvement, addition, or discovery were part of the 
 premises. 
 
 46. At any time after the expiration of three years from the Option to 
 date and during the continuance hereof, the licensee shall have patentTfter 
 the option (to be declared in writing) to purchase all the patent three years-, 
 rights of the licensor for the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man 
 
 in respect of the said invention now or which hereafter may be 
 held by him, and the sole and exclusive benefit within the same 
 places of all improvements and additions thereto, and new dis- 
 coveries useful for the manufacture of the said articles which 
 
 hereafter may be made by the licensor, at the price of , 
 
 subject to the satisfaction by the licensee up to the time of com- 
 pletion of the said purchase of all his then subsisting obligations 
 hereunder. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the said purchase shall but pure! ase- 
 from any cause not attributable to any wilful act or default of ^^^ 
 the licensor not be completed within three calendar months from within 
 B. VOL. ii. 20
 
 1164 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 months from 
 xercise. 
 
 Licensor not 
 to engage in 
 like business 
 within 
 district. 
 
 Licensee not 
 to manufac- 
 ture but 
 licensor 
 to do so for 
 licensee. 
 
 Sale only 
 through 
 brokers 
 common to 
 both parties. 
 
 Meetings to 
 
 regulate 
 
 prices. 
 
 Exclusive 
 licence to 
 become non- 
 exclusive if 
 unprofitable 
 working 
 or non-user of 
 invention. 
 
 the time when such declaration shall have been served on the 
 licensor, he shall on the expiration of the said period be released 
 from any obligation to sell the said patent rights and benefit 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 47. The licensor shall not within the said district during the 
 continuance of this licence, either alone or in partnership, or 
 directly or indirectly, whether as shareholder, or debenture holder, 
 or otherwise, engage or be concerned in or promote any company, 
 trade, business, or speculation, for the manufacture, sale, or letting 
 on hire of articles of the same or like nature with any of the 
 articles which can be manufactured or improved by means of 
 the said invention (n} . 
 
 48. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that during such time or times as the 
 licensor shall himself either alone or in partnership carry on the 
 business of a - at - - aforesaid, and shall subject as herein- 
 before provided efficiently execute the orders of the licensees for 
 the supply of - - manufactured according to the said invention, 
 the licensees shall not manufacture the like articles, whether as 
 aforesaid or otherwise, but the licensor shall manufacture such 
 
 articles for the licensees at the price of each, and while 
 
 bound under this proviso shall not manufacture any such articles 
 for any other person than the licensees or their nominees. 
 
 49 . Each person party hereto shall sell all products of his manu- 
 facture as aforesaid through Messieurs K. & L., of, &c., or some 
 other brokers or broker, at whose offices all persons parties hereto 
 shall hold quarterly meetings for regulating the prices, so as to 
 avoid competition between themselves in the prices of the said 
 products. 
 
 50. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if during the period of three con- 
 secutive calendar months commencing any time after the - 
 
 day of next, the licensee together with his sub-licensees (if 
 
 any) shall from any cause whatever cease practically to carry on 
 the business of making and selling the said patented articles, 
 or if for any half-year aforesaid the said royalties shall amount 
 
 () See Leather Cloth Co. v. Lorsont, L. E. 9 Eq. 345, as to the 
 restraint of trade caused by such a covenant not being greater than that 
 caused by the patent itself, whereby the covenant was held not to be 
 against public policy.
 
 LICENCES. 1165 
 
 to Jess than the sum of (o) [the licensee however in that 
 
 case being at liberty by paying to the licensor a sum sufficient 
 
 to make up the said sum of to avoid the consequences which 
 
 would otherwise arise hereunder by reason of such deficiency], then 
 this licence shall as from the expiration of such period or half-year 
 .as the case shall be, cease to be exclusive as regards the licensee, 
 and accordingly the licensor may at any time or times thereafter, 
 without giving to the licensee any notice of his intention so to 
 do, grant licences to any other persons respectively for the use 
 x)f the said invention within the said district upon such terms as 
 he may think fit. 
 
 51. Any notice intended to be given or served hereunder may Notices-- 
 be given to or served on the licensee or licensor as the case may 
 
 be personally, or by leaving the same at his then or last known 
 place of abode or business in the United Kingdom, or by sending 1 
 the same to such place through the post in a prepaid registered 
 letter addressed to him, and if served by post as aforesaid shall 
 l>e deemed to have been served at the time when it would be 
 delivered in the ordinary course of post, and in proving such 
 service last aforesaid it shall be sufficient to prove that such letter 
 was put into the post; but if by reason of the absence of any- 
 party from the United Kingdom or otherwise he cannot receive or 
 be served with any such notice as aforesaid, the said notice if 
 inserted by the other party once as an advertisement in each of 
 the following newspapers, namely, &c., shall be deemed to have 
 been effectually served on the second day after the day on which 
 the last of such advertisements appeared. 
 
 52. Except where in any case the context requires a different Transmission 
 interpretation, the expression " the licensor " or " the licensee " (p), clause - 
 wheresoever used herein, shall extend and be construed to apply 
 
 also as far as possible to the assigns of the person so designated. 
 
 (o) Where there is a fixed rent the condition as to the minimum amount 
 of royalties had better be omitted, as also the optional matter in brackets. 
 
 (p} Add, where appropriate, 
 
 " or any other expression referring to either of the samo persons." 
 As to covenants binding assigns, see Werdermann v. Societe Generate 
 d'Electricite, 19 Ch. D. 246, as explained in Bagot Pneumatic Tyre Co. 
 v. Clipper Pneumatic Tyre Co., [1902] 1 Ch. 146; and Dansk Rekylriffcl 
 Aktieselskab v. Snell, [1908] 2 Ch. 127. 
 
 20 (2)
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 50. MORTGAGE of a PATENT, with Provisions for FUTURE 
 ADVANCES, AND REDUCTION OF INTEREST Moneys to- 
 remain for a TERM CERTAIN. 
 
 [Ordinary Form.] 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the mortgagor "), of the one part, and C. D., 
 of, &c. (hereinafter called "the mortgagee"), of the other part: 
 WHEREAS (q) the mortgagor was the true and first inventor of 
 improvements in the process of, &c.: AND WHEREAS by letters 
 patent, &c. [recite grant of patent and devolution (if any} of 
 title or simply that the mortgagor is absolutely entitled to the 
 invention and letters patent mentioned in the Schedule hereto (r)]: 
 AND WHEREAS the mortgagor has applied to the mortgagee for 
 
 a loan of to be secured together with interest thereon bj 
 
 mortgage of the said invention and letters patent and all exten- 
 sions thereof and otherwise as hereinafter expressed (s): AND 
 WHEREAS it is intended that all future advances (if any) made 
 by or other moneys hereinafter becoming owing to the mort- 
 gagee to or from the mortgagor shall together with interest thereon 
 i*t Tettatum. also be secured hereunder. NOW THIS INDENTURE WIT- 
 NESS ETH that in consideration of the sum of - this day 
 paid by the mortgagee to the mortgagor (the receipt whereof is 
 hereby acknowledged) the mortgagor doth hereby covenant with 
 the mortgagee that he the mortgagor will pay to the mortgagee on 
 
 the day of - - next the sum of together with interest 
 
 thereon at the rate of six per cent, per annum and also within six 
 calendar months from the time or times of the same respectively 
 being advanced or becoming due such other principal moneys 
 (if any) as may be advanced by the mortgagee to or become due 
 to him by the mortgagor together with interest thereon at the 
 
 Recitals. 
 
 Invention, 
 grant 
 and title. 
 
 Application 
 for loan. 
 
 Future 
 advances to 
 be included. 
 
 In considera- 
 tion of present 
 advance. 
 
 Covenant to 
 repay with 
 interest in six 
 months. 
 
 And to repay 
 further 
 advances with 
 interest with- 
 in six months 
 from same. 
 
 (g) This recital may be merged, together with that of the grant (if 
 made to the mortgagor), in a recital that 
 
 " the mortgagor is absolutely entitled to the invention and letters 
 patent mentioned in the Schedule hereto." 
 
 (r) See last note. 
 
 (a) If colonial or foreign patents are intended to be mortgaged there 
 should be a preliminary agreement for the purpose, and the mortgages 
 will of course be effected according to the laws of the particular countries..
 
 MORTGAGES. 1167 
 
 rate aforesaid from the time or times of the same respectively 
 
 being advanced or becoming due. AND THIS INDENTURE 2nd Testatum, 
 
 ALSO WITNESSETH that for the consideration aforesaid the Assignment 
 
 . 1111 f patent and 
 
 mortgagor as beneficial owner doth hereby assign unto the mort- extensions. 
 
 gagee ALL THOSE the said invention and letters patent and the 
 
 sole and exclusive benefit thereof and of all extensions thereof 
 
 and all rights, powers, emoluments and advantages whatsoever 
 
 under or in respect of the said letters patent, To HOLD the said 
 
 invention, letters patent and premises unto the mortgagee and 
 
 his assigns subject to the proviso for redemption hereinafter con- 
 
 tained: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if the mortgagor shall pay to Proviso for 
 
 the mortgagee the sum of -- with interest for the same in the 
 
 meantime at the rate of six per cent, per annum on the said 
 
 day of - next and shall also within six calendar months from 
 
 the time or times of the same respectively being advanced or 
 
 becoming due, pay to the mortgagee such other principal moneys 
 
 aforesaid together with interest thereon at the rate of six per cent. 
 
 per annum from the time or times last aforesaid, then the mort- 
 
 gagee will at any time thereafter at the request and cost of the 
 
 mortgagor reassign to him the said premises: AND THE MORT- Covenant to 
 
 GAGOR doth hereby covenant with the mortgagee that if the said aTter^hTfixed 
 
 sum of - or any part thereof shall remain unpaid after the dates on sums 
 
 ., jo .1 i i remaining 
 
 said - day ot - next or 11 any other principal moneys ad- unpaid. 
 
 vanoed or owing hereunder or any part or parts thereof respec- 
 tively shall remain unpaid after the expiration of six calendar 
 months from the time or times of the same respectively being 
 advanced or first becoming owing, he the mortgagor will pay 
 to the mortgagee so long as the said sum of -- or part thereof or 
 such other principal moneys or part or parts thereof respectively 
 shall remain unpaid, interest on such sum or other moneys or on 
 such part or parts thereof respectively aforesaid at the rate of 
 six per cent, per annum by equal half-yearly payments on the 
 day of and the - day of - : PROVIDED ALWAYS, Proviso for 
 
 that if the mortgagor shall on any day of - or day of 
 
 or within thirty days next thereafter pay to the mortgagee punctual 
 interest for the said sum of - or other principal moneys pay 
 aforesaid or such part thereof respectively as shall then remain 
 unpaid at the rate of five per cent, per annum, then such payment 
 of interest shall be accepted by the mortgagee in full discharge 
 of all interest payable hereunder for the half-year in respect of
 
 1168 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 If interest 
 punctually 
 paid moneys 
 to remain for 
 term certain. 
 
 Mortgagee 
 not obliged to 
 accept 
 repayment 
 before end of 
 term. 
 
 Covenants. 
 
 Validity of 
 patent. 
 
 For payment 
 of renewal 
 fees and 
 keeping up of 
 patent. 
 
 Detect in- 
 fringements, 
 &c. and take 
 proceedings, 
 &c. 
 
 which such payment shall have been made: PROVIDED ALSO that 
 if the mortgagor shall on every - day of - and - day of 
 
 - until the day of - , 19 () or within thirty days after 
 
 each of the said days respectively pay to the mortgagee interest for 
 the said sum of and other principal moneys (if any) afore- 
 said at the rate of five per cent, per annum up to the same half- 
 yearly days respectively and shall perform and observe all the 
 covenants and conditions herein contained or to be implied and 
 on his part to be performed or observed, then the mortgagee will 
 not before the said day of - , 19 (u) call in the said sum 
 
 of or other principal moneys aforesaid or any part thereof 
 
 respectively: PROVIDED ALSO that the mortgagor shall not before 
 
 the said day of , 19 (M) compel the mortgagee to receive 
 
 the said sum of or any other principal moneys aforesaid or 
 
 any part or parts thereof respectively : AND THE MORTGAGOR doth 
 hereby covenant with the mortgagee that the said letters patent 
 arc now valid and subsisting and not void or voidable (jc) : AND- 
 THAT the mortgagor will during the continuance of this security 
 pay all fees necessary for the renewal of the said letters patent 
 one calendar month at least before the latest time provided by 
 law for payment of the same respectively, and will do all other 
 acts and things necessary for keeping up and maintaining the 
 said letters patent, and will send or deliver to the mortgagee the 
 receipt for every such payment immediately after the same shall 
 have been made, and that in default of the mortgagor paying- 
 any such duty or other money or any part thereof or doing any 
 such other act or thing last aforesaid, the mortgagee may if he 
 shall think fit himself make such payment or do or cause to be 
 done such act or thing: AND ALSO that the mortgagor will during 
 the continuance hereof make every endeavour to detect and prevent 
 any suspected or actual infringement of the said letters patent and 
 inform the mortgagee of every suspected or ascertained infringe- 
 ment thereof as soon as the same shall be suspected or ascer- 
 tained by him, and if and when required in writing by the 
 mortgagee so to do, will commence or take and prosecute or defend 
 
 (0 The end of the fixed term. 
 () Ibid. 
 
 (x} This is an unqualified covenant according to the usual practice m 
 mortgages.
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 all legal or other proceedings necessary or suitable for the pro- 
 tection of the said letters patent or the recovery of damages for or 
 restraining the infringement thereof, or will permit the mortgagee 
 (if so willing) so to do and assist him in any such proceedings 
 accordingly: AND ALSO that all moneys and expenses (if any) Repay 
 whoa paid by the mortgagee for or in respect of any renewal m ney8 ex- 
 fees or other charges or any proceedings or other matters afore- by 
 said shall remain on the security hereof as moneys advanced as 
 aforesaid (y} : PROVIDED ALWAYS, that until the mortgagee shall Powers for 
 become entitled to exercise the power of sale to be implied 
 herein (z) the mortgagor shall be at liberty to use and work the and grant 
 
 eaid invention without interruption from the mortgagee and also l 
 
 may, [but so that he shall in each case give to the mortgagee 
 
 days' notice in writing at least of his intention so to do and of the 
 
 particulars thereof] in the joint names of himself and the mort- 
 
 gagee (and as the attorney of the mortgagee where necessary for 
 
 this purpose but not so as to involve the mortgagee in any personal 
 
 liability) grant licences (other than sole and exclusive or partially 
 
 exclusive ones) to use and work the said invention as from the 
 
 dates thereof respectively for the whole or any part of the term 
 
 comprised in the said letters patent at the highest rent or royalties 
 
 that can reasonably be gotten respectively payable half-yearly, 
 
 but unless with the written consent of the mortgagee first obtained 
 
 not for premiums merely or for premiums and royalties together 
 
 respectively, and each licence aforesaid shall contain provisions 
 
 enabling the licensors to determine the licence on default being 
 
 made for thirty days in the payment of any royalties after the 
 
 respective times therein appointed for the payment of the same, 
 
 or in case of the breach by any licensee thereunder of any other of 
 
 the covenants and conditions therein contained and on his part to 
 
 be performed or observed, and such licensee shall execute a counter- 
 
 part of his licence: [AND FURTHER the mortgagor shall within Themort- 
 
 fourteen days after the execution of every such licence furnish 
 
 the mortgagee with particulars in writing of the contents thereof: grants and 
 
 PROVIDED ALSO that from and after the time when the mort- p 
 
 (y) This provision may be varied by making these moneys, &c. payable 
 on demand, together with interest at the rate, &c., and in the meantime 
 to be charged, together with interest, on the premises. 
 
 (z) As to this power, see sects. 19 22 of the Conveyancing Act, 1881, 
 and sect. 5 of the Conveyancing Act, 1911.
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 licences not 
 to be 
 
 impeached by 
 mortgagor 
 but remedy in 
 damages only. 
 
 Covenant 
 as to 
 .improve* 
 -mentR, &c. 
 
 gageo shall first become entitled to exercise the statutory power of 
 sale to be implied herein (a), but subject to any licences which 
 may have been granted as hereinbefore authorised, it shall be 
 lawful for him alone to work the said invention and to grant 
 licences in respect thereof, whether sole and exclusive or non- 
 exclusive or limited or otherwise, and whether at royalties or 
 premiums only or royalties and premiums together, and for such 
 terms of years and upon such other conditions respectively as 
 he may think fit, and that no licence so granted by the mortgagee 
 shall be impeachable by the mortgagor on the ground that no case 
 had arisen to authorise the same, or that the power to grant such 
 licence had been improperly or irregularly exercised, but that 
 the mortgagor or any other person damnified by an unauthorised 
 or improper or irregular exercise of such power of licensing shall 
 have his remedy in damages against the mortgagee or other person 
 who so exercised the power: AND THE MORTGAGOR doth hereby 
 also covenant with the mortgagee that every improvement in or 
 addition to the said invention or new discovery useful for the 
 manufacture of - - now (if at all) in his knowledge and pos- 
 session or which shall be made or acquired by him (but not his 
 assigns) during the continuance of this security, whether possessed, 
 made or acquired by him solely or in conjunction with any other 
 person or persons, and whether patented or not, shall, together with 
 all patent rights (if any) within the realm obtained in respect 
 thereof, but to the extent only of his interest therein, be comprised 
 in this security, and that the mortgagor will give the mortgagee 
 notice in writing of every such improvement, addition or discovery 
 having been first possessed or made or acquired by him as afore- 
 said immediately after the same shall have happened, and will 
 so far as practicable make him a co-applicant with the mortgagor 
 for any letters patent in respect thereof, and at the expense of 
 the mortgagor communicate and explain to the mortgagee or his 
 agents every such improvement, addition or discovery, and at the 
 like expense execute and do all assurances and things necessary or 
 
 (a) After taking possession, which the mortgagee can do at any time 
 unless precluded by a proviso for quiet enjoyment by the mortgagor until 
 default, the mortgagee can grant licences, which might be defeated by 
 the mortgagor after he has redeemed. The proviso in the text gives the 
 mortgagee a power to grant licences which cannot be so defeated.
 
 MORTGAGES. 1171 
 
 suitable to make the said improvement, addition or discovery and 
 
 -any patent rights in respect thereof, but to the extent only of the 
 
 interest of the mortgagor therein, a complete security for the 
 
 repayment of the moneys intended to be hereby secured as nearly 
 
 .as may be as if the same had or could have been included in the 
 
 premises as shall be reasonably required by the mortgagee: AND And 
 
 LASTLY that the mortgagor will at his own expense execute and 
 
 do all assurances and things necessary or suitable for enabling 
 
 the mortgagee to obtain by way of like security as aforesaid the 
 
 benefit of any extension of the term comprised in the said letters 
 
 patent or to the extent of the interest of the mortgagor therein of 
 
 .any term which may be comprised in any other letters patent for 
 
 the time being subject hereto as shall be reasonably required. 
 
 AND IT IS HEEEBY DECLAEED that except where the Transmission 
 
 -i 
 
 context requires a different interpretation each of the expressions 
 " the mortgagor " and " the mortgagee " shall wherever used herein 
 be also applicable as far as possible to the assigns of the person 
 
 ^designated thereby. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (&). 
 
 51. MOETGAGE of a Patent by ONE CO-PATENTEE (the 
 Inventor} to THE OTHER for past and present Advances, 
 in pursuance of AGREEMENT made pending Application 
 for Patent The Agreement having CHARGED the Patent 
 rights with repayment, and the JOINT GRANT having 
 been obtained as ADDITIONAL SECURITY Interest at 
 FIXED EATE, and also ACCORDING TO PROFITS On Re- 
 demption the Entirety to be assigned to Inventor. 
 
 THIS INDENTUEE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the mortgagor"), of the one part, and C. D. ? 
 of, &c. (hereinafter called "the mortgagee"), of the other part: 
 WHEREAS the mortgagor as inventor of a new and improved 
 
 process, &c., made his application for letters patent on the Invention. 
 
 day of , 19 , and obtained provisional protection in respect for patent and 
 
 of the said invention on the day of, &c.: AND WHEREAS by an provisional 
 
 protection. 
 
 (6) Tho deed should be registered. As to registration generally, see 
 -sects. 28, 6672 of the Act of 1907.
 
 1172 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Agreement 
 for the 
 mortgage. 
 
 Full stamp 
 duty paid 011 
 agreement. 
 
 Joint patent 
 sealed. 
 
 Sums 
 advanced 
 under the 
 agreement. 
 
 Interest paid 
 up to date. 
 
 Mortgagor 
 established iu 
 business of 
 working 
 patent. 
 
 agreement (c) dated, &c., and made between the mortgagor of 
 the one part and the mortgagee of the other part it was agreed 
 (amongst other things) that on the respective events therein 
 mentioned the mortgagee should advance moneys to the mort- 
 gagor by instalments amounting altogether to the sum of 
 to enable him to obtain the patent for and establish himself at 
 - in the business of working the said invention: AND THAT 
 as soon as the mortgagee should have advanced the mortgagor the- 
 
 sum of he should be entitled to be made an applicant for 
 
 the grant .of the patent jointly with the mortgagor: AND THAT 
 immediately after the grant thereof the mortgagor should execute- 
 a mortgage thereof or of all his interest therein so that the entirety 
 thereof should be vested in the mortgagee to secure the repay- 
 ment of all advances under the said agreement, together with 
 interest as therein provided, and so that on redemption the entirety 
 of the said patent should be assigned to the mortgagor: AND- 
 THAT until the said mortgage should be executed, the patent rights 
 for the time being comprised in the said agreement should stand 
 charged with the repayment of the principal moneys and interest 
 as aforesaid, and the mortgagor should hold the same in trust for 
 the mortgagee to enable him more effectually to enforce the said 
 charge (where necessary) : AND WHEREAS ad valorem stamp duty 
 as on a mortgage, namely , has been paid on the said agree- 
 ment to the full extent of the said sum of : AND WHEREAS- 
 
 the said patent was duly sealed on the day of - - last and 
 
 granted to the said parties in their joint names: AND WHEREAS in 
 pursuance of the said agreement the mortgagee advanced to the- 
 
 mortgagor the sum of on the day of - last and the 
 
 sum of - on the - - day of last: AND WHEREAS all 
 
 interest as aforesaid has been duly paid to the mortgagee on the 
 
 said sums of - and up to the date hereof (d}\ AND 
 
 WHEREAS the mortgagor hath established himself at - - afore- 
 said in the business of working and hath for some time worked' 
 the said invention: AND WHEREAS these presents are intended 
 to be the said mortgage with certain modifications (e). NOW 
 
 (c) See the agreement, ante, p. 1002. 
 
 (d) This will be found convenient, and can be deducted from the final 
 advance about to be made. The covenants for payment of principal can. 
 thus be simplified, although in variance of the agreement in this respect.. 
 
 (e) These will, in particular, be as to the times for repayment.
 
 MORTUAGKS. 1173 
 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the it Testatnm. 
 
 said agreement in this behalf and in consideration of the said sums In considera- 
 
 n tion, &c. and 
 
 01 i and so advanced by the mortgagee to the mortgagor final advance 
 
 as aforesaid and of the sum of now paid (/) by the mort- now made - 
 
 gagee to the mortgagor, making together with the said sums of 
 
 and the said sum of - (the receipt of which said 
 
 sums of and - respectively the mortgagor doth 
 
 hereby acknowledge), he the mortgagor doth hereby covenant with Covenant to 
 the mortgagee that he the mortgagor will pay to the mortgagee on ^ interest* 1 
 
 the day of - - next (g) the sum of - together with fixed day. 
 
 interest thereon from the date hereof, firstly at the rate of per Interest at 
 
 cent, per annum, and secondly to the extent of one-third share of a lso accordhit' 
 the net profits (if any) of the said business for the half-year to profits, 
 then ending, or such part of the said one-third share as shall be 
 
 equal to per cent, (h) of the said sum of -. AND THIS ' 2nd Test a turn. 
 
 INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that for the considera- Awignment 
 
 and release of 
 
 tion aforesaid the mortgagor as beneficial owner to the extent patent. 
 
 hereinbefore appearing (i), doth hereby assign and release unto 
 
 the mortgagee the said invention and letters patent and the sole 
 
 and exclusive benefit thereof and of all extensions thereof, and all 
 
 rights, powers, emoluments and advantages whatsoever under or 
 
 in respect of the said letters patent, To HOLD the said invention, 
 
 letters patent and premises unto the mortgagee subject to the 
 
 proviso for redemption hereinafter contained : PROVIDED ALWAYS, Proviso for 
 
 that if the mortgagor shall on the - - day of - - next pay to redem P tion - 
 
 the mortgagee the sum of with interest for the same in the 
 
 meantime, firstly at the rate of - - per cent, per annum, and 
 secondly to the extent of one-third share of the net profits (if any) 
 of the said business for the half-year then ending or such part of 
 the said share as shall be equal to - per cent, of the said sum 
 
 of , then the mortgagee Avill at any time thereafter at the 
 
 request and cost of the mortgagor assign to him the entirety of the 
 
 (/) Before advancing this sum the mortgagee should, of course, see 
 that the register discloses no mesne incumbrances. 
 
 (g} At the end of six calendar months. 
 
 (h~) In fixing this percentage it should be noticed that the period is 
 half a year only. 
 
 (i) This saves the full statement of the mortgagor's interest. He 
 virtually covenants as beneficial owner of the entire patent subject to the 
 agreement and charge, and any acts of the mortgagee in respect thereof.
 
 1174 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 Further like 
 interest after 
 day of 
 redemption. 
 
 Moneys 
 
 to remain for 
 
 term certain 
 
 if interest 
 
 punctually 
 
 paid. 
 
 Covenants. 
 
 Validity 
 of patent. 
 
 Other clauses 
 (See Mort- 
 gage, ante, 
 p. 1168.) 
 
 Accounts to 
 be kept, 
 inspection 
 allowed, 
 evidence 
 given, &c. 
 
 said invention, letters patent and premises: AND THE MORTGAGOR 
 doth hereby covenant with the mortgagee that if the said sum; , 
 
 of or any part thereof shall remain unpaid after the said - 
 
 day of - next, he will pay to the mortgagee half-yearly on every 
 
 day of - and day of - interest (fc) thereon or on such 
 
 part aforesaid firstly at the rate of - - per cent, per annum, 
 and secondly to the extent of one-third share of the said net profits 
 (if any) for the time being or such part of the said one-third share 
 as shall be equal to - - per cent, of the principal sum for the 
 time being remaining unpaid hereunder: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, 
 that if the mortgagor shall on every - - day of - - and - 
 day of - - until the - - day of - , 19 (?), or within thirty 
 days after each of the said days respectively pay to the mortgagee 
 
 interest for the said sum of at the rate first mentioned in 
 
 this behalf, and also further interest in respect of one-third share 
 of net profits as aforesaid up to the same half-yearly days respec- 
 tively, and shall perform and observe, &c. [Remainder and 
 following proviso as in last precedent^ : AND THE MORTGAGOR 
 doth hereby covenant with the mortgagee that the said letters 
 patent are now valid and subsisting and not void or voidable, and 
 that the mortgagor will, &c., &c. [Continue as in last prece- 
 dent to the beginning of the covenant as to improvements or 
 additions; then immediately before that covenant as follows]: 
 And the mortgagor doth hereby also covenant that he will keep 
 at his usual place of business all proper books of account, and 
 make true and complete entries therein at the earliest opportunities 
 of all particulars necessary or convenient for the purposes hereof 
 relating to the manufacture and sale of the [articles] made accord- 
 ing to the said invention and the licences [or, sub-licences] 
 granted in respect thereof, and all other dealings by him with 
 or in relation to the said invention and patent rights subject 
 hereto, and to the said business or any of them, and will balance 
 his accounts at the end of each half-year aforesaid; and will 
 at all times during the continuance and for the purposes hereof 
 produce the said books to the mortgagee or his agents or agent, 
 and suffer him or them to inspect and make copies of or extracts 
 from the said books or any of them as and when reasonably 
 
 (k) The same two kinds or rates of interest as before. 
 (Z) The end of the fixed term.
 
 MORTGAGES. 1175 
 
 required by him or them, and will give the mortgagee or his 
 agents or agent all information, and, at the expense of the mort- 
 gagee, evidence by statutory declaration or otherwise as to the 
 truth of any particulars aforesaid as and when reasonably required 
 by him or them [and will pay the charges and expenses (not 
 
 exceeding ) of a chartered accountant (if any) employed by 
 
 the mortgagee for any half-year to investigate the said books 
 and state of the said business for the purposes aforesaid]: And 
 will at the end of each half-year aforesaid send to the mortgagee 
 a full account and balance sheet for such half-year [Continue 
 as in last precedent from and including covenant as to improve- 
 ments or additions to the end thereof}'. A!ND IT is HEREBY DE- Charge kept 
 GLARED that for the purpose (if necessary) of protecting the mort- 
 gagee against any mesne incumbrances the charge effected by 
 the hereinbefore recited agreement dated, &c., as aforesaid shall 
 be kept on foot(m). AND IT is HEREBY DECLARED THAT, &c. 
 [Transmission Clause as in last precedent}. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (ri). 
 
 52. MOKTGAGE of a LICENCE (the LICENSOR not being 
 a Party) (o). 
 
 THIS INDENTUEE, made, &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the mortgagor"), of the one part, and C. D., of, 
 &c. (hereinafter called "the mortgagee"), of the other part: 
 WHEREAS by a licence under seal dated and made between E. F., Recitals. 
 of the one part, and the mortgagor of the other part, the said E. F. Licence, 
 granted unto the mortgagor and his assigns the sole and exclusive 
 right within the town of, &c., to manufacture articles according 
 to the invention mentioned (together with the letters patent in 
 respect thereof) in the schedule thereto, for the residue of the term 
 of fourteen years comprised in the said letters patent at royalties 
 
 payable half-yearly on every day of - and day of - , 
 
 and subject to the covenants and conditions therein contained. AND 
 
 WHEREAS the mortgagor hath requested the mortgagee to advance Intended 
 __^_____ loan. 
 
 (m) This is to prevent, if possible, merger of securities in case the 
 agreement should not have been executed as a deed, or registered. 
 (n) The deed should, of course, be registered, 
 (o) If the licensor is made a party, see next precedent.
 
 1176 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 1st Testatum. 
 
 Covenant to 
 
 pay principal 
 
 and interest 
 
 on redemption 
 
 day. 
 
 2nd Testatum. 
 
 Assignment 
 
 of licence 
 
 subject to 
 
 proviso for 
 
 redemption. 
 
 Proviso for 
 redemption. 
 
 Covenant for 
 
 further 
 
 interest. 
 
 Covenants as 
 to validity of 
 licence. 
 
 For payment 
 of royalties, 
 Ac. " 
 
 Quiet 
 
 enjoyment by 
 mortgagor 
 until redemp- 
 tion day. 
 
 Transmission 
 
 clause. 
 
 him the sum of , to be secured together with interest thereon 
 
 by mortgage of the said licence in manner hereinafter appearing. 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in considera- 
 tion, &c., he the mortgagor doth hereby covenant, &c. [first testa- 
 turn in Mortgage, p. 1166, ante, except as to future advances], 
 AND (THIS INDENTURE ALSO WITNESSETH that for 
 the consideration aforesaid he the mortgagor as beneficial owner 
 doth hereby assign unto the mortgagee all that the said licence 
 dated, &c., and the full benefit thereof to hold the same unto the 
 mortgagee and his assigns subject to the covenants and conditions 
 therein contained and henceforth on the part of the licensee to 
 be performed or observed, and also subject to the proviso for 
 redemption hereinafter contained: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if, &c. 
 [proviso for redemption as in Mortgage, ante, p. 1167, except 
 as to future advances]: AND THE MORTGAGOR doth hereby cove- 
 nant with the mortgagee, &c. [covenant for payment of interest 
 after redemption day, as in Mortgage, ante, p. 1167, except 
 as to future advances and reduction of interest, <&c.~\\ AND THE 
 MORTGAGOR doth hereby also covenant with the mortgagee that 
 the Said licence is now valid and subsisting, and that all the 
 royalties reserved by the said licence have been paid up to the 
 day of - last (p), and that all the covenants and conditions 
 therein contained and on the part of the licensee to be observed 
 and performed have been observed and performed up to this present 
 time: AND THAT the mortgagor will during the continuance of 
 this security duly pay all royalties and other sums (if any) due 
 under the said licence, and observe and perform all the covenants 
 and conditions in the said licence contained and on the part of 
 the licensee to be observed and performed. AND IT IS 
 
 HEREBY DECLARED (q) that until the said day of - 
 
 next the mortgagor shall be at liberty alone without interruption 
 from the mortgagee to exercise and enjoy all or any of the powers 
 and rights conferred by the said licence. AND IT IS HEREBY 
 
 (p) The last half-yearly or other date for payment of royalties. 
 
 (g) If the licensee (mortgagor) has power to grant sub-licences, pro- 
 visoes similar to those in Precedent 50, ante, as to the use of the invention 
 ajid granting of licences by the mortgagor and mortgagee respectively 
 should be inserted in substitution of the above declaration.
 
 MORTGAGES. 1177 
 
 ALSO DECLARED, &c. [Transmission Clause as in Mortgage, 
 irnte, p. 1171.] 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (r). 
 
 53. MORTGAGE of a Licence (the LICENSOR being 
 a Party} (s) . 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made &c., BETWEEN A. B., of, &c. (here- 
 inafter called "the mortgagor"), of the first part, E. F., of, &c. 
 (hereinafter called " the licensor "), of the second part, and C. D., 
 of, &c. (hereinafter called "the mortgagee "), of the third part: 
 WHEREAS by a licence under seal dated, &c. [recite licence as in 
 last precedent, but with mention of the rent]: AND WHEREAS in 
 the said licence it is provided that the licensee shall not assign, 
 
 . . . . Which is not 
 
 mortgage, or incumber the same without the consent in writing to he assigned, 
 
 of the licensor: AND WHEREAS the mortgagee hath agreed to 
 advance the mortgagor the sum of - to be secured, together of licensor. 
 with interest thereon, by mortgage of the said licence : AND Agreement 
 
 J . . for advance. 
 
 WHEREAS the sum of - is now owing to the licensor in respect A sum now 
 -of rent due to him under the said licence on the - - day of - - owing to 
 last: AOSTD WHEREAS except as aforesaid all payments of rent forrent. 
 and royalties and other sums under the said licence have Other sums 
 been duly made up to the said - day of last: tllied Wn( * 
 
 AND WHEREAS the licensor hath agreed to join in these Licensor 
 
 presents in order to testify his consent to the assignment of the agrees to join 
 
 . 11 on payment of 
 
 said licence to the mortgagee upon the terms that the sum of arrears 
 -, part of the said sum of -- , shall be paid to him the 
 licensor in satisfaction of the said sum of -- so owing to him mortgagee. 
 .as aforesaid, and also that the mortgagee shall enter into the lst Testatum. 
 covenant hereinafter expressed to be entered into by him. NOW p ay principal 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in pursuance of the and interest 
 said agreement in this behalf, and in consideration of the sum of tion day. 
 - this day paid to the licensor by the mortgagee at the request 
 of the mortgagor (the receipt whereof the licensor doth hereby 
 acknowledge), and of the sum of -- this day paid to the mort- 
 gagor by the mortgagee (the payment and receipt of which sums 
 of - and - making together the said sum of - the 
 mortgagor doth hereby admit and acknowledge), he the mortgagor 
 
 (r) The mortgage should be registered. 
 
 For a clause as to service of notices, use Sp. Cl. 51, ante, p. 1165. 
 (s) If the licensor is not to be a party, use last precedent.
 
 1178 
 
 PATENTS. 
 
 2nd Teatatum. 
 Assignment 
 of licence. 
 
 Subject to 
 covenants, &<:. 
 in licence and 
 covenant by 
 mortgagee 
 and proviso 
 for 
 
 redemption. 
 Proviso for 
 redemption. 
 Covenant for 
 further 
 interest. 
 And as 
 to validity of 
 licence, 
 payment 
 of future rent, 
 &o. 
 Quiet 
 
 enjoyment by 
 mortgagor 
 until redemp- 
 tion day. 
 Covenants by 
 licensor with 
 mortgagee. 
 As to validity 
 of licence and 
 power 
 
 to confirm the 
 mortgage. 
 Covenant 
 by mortgagee 
 with licensor 
 to perform 
 covenants in 
 licence during 
 possession. 
 
 doth hereby covenant, &c. [covenant to pay principal and interest r 
 as in the first testatum in Mortgage, ante, p. 1166, except as to 
 future advances']. AND THIS INDENTURE ALSO WIT- 
 NESSETH that in pursuance of the said agreement in this behalf,, 
 and for the considerations aforesaid, he the mortgagor as beneficial 
 owner doth hereby assign, and he the licensor by the direction of 
 the mortgagor as such beneficial owner doth hereby confirm, unto- 
 the mortgagee, ALL THAT the said licence dated, &c., and the full 
 benefit thereof: To HOLD the same unto the mortgagee and his 
 assigns subject to the covenants and conditions in the said licence 
 contained and on the part of the licensee to be performed and 
 observed, and to the covenant by the mortgagee and the proviso for 
 redemption hereinafter contained: PROVIDED ALWAYS, that if, &c. 
 [proviso for redemption, as in Mortgage, ante, p. 1167, except as 
 to future advances]: AND THE MORTGAGOR doth hereby covenant 
 with the mortgagee, &c. [covenant for payment of interest after 
 the redemption day, as in Mortgage, ante, p. 1167, except as 
 to future advances]: AND THE MORTGAGOR doth hereby also cove- 
 nant with the mortgagee that, &c. [covenants as to validity of the 
 licence, payment of the rent and royalties, and observance, &c. 
 of the covenants in the licence, as in last Precedent]. AND IT 
 IS HEREBY DECLARED by the mortgagor and mortgagee 
 that until the said - - day of - next the mortgagor shall, &c.. 
 {declaration as to quiet enjoyment, as in last Precedent]: AND 
 THE LICENSOR doth hereby covenant with the mortgagee that not- 
 withstanding anything by him the licensor done, omitted, or know- 
 ingly suffered, the said letters patent are now valid and subsisting, 
 and not void or voidable, and that the licensor hath now full power 
 to confirm the said licence in manner aforesaid: AND THE MORT- 
 GAGEE doth hereby covenant with the licensor that he the mort- 
 gagee or his assigns, so long as he or they respectively shall have 
 possession of the premises, or be in the receipt of the profits 
 thereunder, whether during the continuance of this security, or 
 after the foreclosure of the equity of redemption in the premises, 
 or (as to the assigns last aforesaid) after the sale (if any) of the 
 premises under the statutory power to be implied herein, will 
 perform and observe the covenants and conditions in the said 
 licence contained and on the part of the licensee to be performed 
 
 (t) These covenants may be regarded as a set-off against the covenant 
 by the mortgagee (see later).
 
 SPECIFICATIONS. 1179 
 
 and observed for the time being (w) : PROVIDED ALWAYS, that the Proviso for 
 obligation of the mortgagee under this covenant shall on the ^easeon" 1 
 assignment by him (with the consent of the licensor) of the mortgagee 
 premises, whether by way of transfer of his mortgage hereunder, substituted 
 or on sale by him of the premises, or otherwise, entirely oease ovenant . 
 as to the performance and observance by him of the covenants 
 and conditions last aforesaid then remaining to be performed and 
 observed, and as to which no right of action shall then already have 
 accrued, if he the mortgagee shall procure from the transferee 
 or assignee a substituted covenant by him with the licensor or 
 his assigns to the like purport and effect as this present covenant 
 so far as the same shall be applicable : PROVIDED ALSO that nothing But no 
 herein contained shall be construed or operate so as to absolve mortgagor 
 the mortgagor from any of his obligations under the said licence, from his 
 AND IT IS HEREBY DECLARED, &c. [transmission clause, 
 as in Mortgage, ante, p. 1171]. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. (#). 
 
 54. SPECIFICATION of an Invention of a PROCESS and 
 MEANS for SOLDERING ALUMINIUM. 
 
 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION . 
 Process and Means for Soldering Aluminium. Title. 
 
 I [inventor], of, &c., do hereby declare the nature of this inven- Declaration as 
 tion to be as follows: to nature 
 
 or invention. 
 
 My invention relates to a process and means for soldering the statement, 
 metal aluminium, either to itself or to other metals or alloys, 
 such, for example, as gold, silver, platinum, nickel, cobalt, copper, 
 tin, lead, iron, zinc, German silver, brass, or bronze. For this 
 purpose I provide an alloy of zinc, preferably consisting of zinc, 
 tin, and lead, which I apply to the aluminium at the part 
 or parts where soldering is to be effected, and I also employ 
 as an intermediary a material which will prevent oxidation of 
 the aluminium. 
 
 (u} This covenant, coupled with the provisoes which follow, will place 
 the mortgagee on a similar footing to that of an assignee of a lease. 
 
 (x) The mortgage should be registered. For a provision as to service 
 of notices, see Sp. Cl. 51, ante, p. 1165. 
 
 B. VOL.11. 21
 
 1180 PATENTS. 
 
 If necessary I first clean (by scraping or otherwise) the surface 
 of the aluminium, at the part or parts where soldering is to be 
 effected, and I then apply to the said part or parts paraffin wax, 
 or other suitable matter, which will liquefy or flow at a low tem- 
 perature. I then apply the before-mentioned alloy to the part 
 or parts where soldering is to be effected, and I then apply heat. 
 Before the heating has reached a degree sufficient to injure or 
 cause the oxidation of the aluminium, the paraffin wax, or its 
 equivalent, will be melted, and will exclude air, whilst and until 
 the alloy becomes melted, and attaches itself to the aluminium. 
 Where aluminium is to be joined to aluminium, both surfaces to be 
 attached will be thus treated; but where aluminium is to be joined 
 to other rnetal, or alloy, which can ordinarily be united by 
 soldering, the aluminium only need be prepared in this way. The 
 pieces of metal, with the aluminium so prepared, can be attached 
 by any ordinary or suitable solder. It will be understood that, if 
 desired, the alloy may be coated with the paraffin wax, or its 
 equivalent, in substitution for, or in addition to, the coating of 
 the aluminium surface. 
 
 Dated this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 [Signature of agent.] 
 
 Agent for the said [inventor] (y} . 
 
 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. 
 e - Process and Means for Soldering Aluminium. 
 
 Declaration as I [inventor], of, &c., do hereby declare the nature of this inven- 
 of invention tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be 
 particularly described and ascertained in and by the following 
 statement: 
 
 Statement. My invention relates to a process and means for soldering the 
 
 metal aluminium either to itself, or to other metals, or alloys, 
 such, for example, as gold, silver, platinum, nickel, cobalt, copper, 
 tin, lead, iron, zinc, German silver, brass, or bronze. For this pur- 
 pose I provide an alloy, preferably consisting of zinc, tin, and lead, 
 which I apply to the aluminium, at the part or parts where 
 
 (y) The specification and the duplicate thereof must be signed at the end 
 and dated ; see Patents Rules, 1908.
 
 SPECIFICATIONS. 1181 
 
 soldering is to be effected, and I also employ as an intermediary 
 a material which will prevent oxidation of the aluminium. 
 
 If necessary I first clean (by scraping or otherwise) the surface 
 of the aluminium at the part or parts where soldering is to be 
 effected, and I then apply to the said part or parts paraffin wax, 
 or other suitable matter which will liquefy or flow at a low tem- 
 perature. I then apply the prepared alloy to the part or parts 
 where soldering is to be effected, and I then apply heat. Before 
 the heating has reached a degree sufficient to injure or oxidize 
 aluminium, the paraffin wax, or other equivalent, will be melted, 
 and will exclude air, whilst and until the alloy becomes melted, 
 and attaches itself to the aluminium. Where aluminium is to 
 be joined to aluminium, both surfaces to be attached will 
 be thus treated, but where aluminium is to be joined to other 
 metal or alloy, which can ordinarily be united by soldering, 
 the aluminium only need be prepared in this way; the pieces of 
 metal with the aluminium so prepared can be attached by any 
 ordinary or suitable solder. It will be understood that, if desired, 
 the alloy may be coated with the paraffin wax, or its equivalent, 
 in substitution for, or in addition to, the coating of the aluminium 
 surface . 
 
 Whilst not limiting myself to the following procedure, I will 
 give the best means with which I am acquainted for carrying my 
 invention into effect, as applied to soldering two pieces of 
 aluminium together. I prepare an alloy of five parts zinc, two 
 parts tin, and one part lead, and this I roll into thin sheets. I 
 then scrape the parts of the aluminium to be attached, and I 
 coat them with paraffin wax. I then place on each of the surfaces 
 & piece of the alloy, and I apply heat. The wax first melts, and 
 then, when a higher heat is obtained, the alloy melts, and on 
 cooling will be found to be firmly attached to the aluminium 
 surfaces, which can then be soldered together as ordinary soldering 
 is effected. Where aluminium is to be soldered to other metals, 
 which do not require the foregoing preparations, such prepara- 
 tion is, of course, only effected with respect to the aluminiumj 
 surface. 
 
 Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature Claim, 
 of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be per- 
 formed, I declare that what I claim is: 
 
 First: The process of soldering aluminium, consisting in the 
 
 21(2)
 
 1 182 PATENTS. 
 
 employment of a zinc alloy, with the intervention of a substance 
 which will melt at a low temperature, and prevent oxidation 
 or injury of the aluminium, substantially as hereinbefore 
 described. 
 
 Second: An alloy, or compound for soldering aluminium, con- 
 sisting of zinc, tin, and lead in substantially the proportions set 
 forth. 
 
 Third: In soldering aluminium, the use of paraffin wax, or 
 the equivalent thereof, as hereinbefore denned, for preventing 
 injury or oxidation of the aluminium, substantially as herein- 
 before described. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19. 
 
 [Signature of agent.] 
 
 Agent for the said [inventor] (z). 
 
 55. SPECIFICATION of an INVENTION of IMPROVE- 
 MENTS in TELEPHONIC APPARATUS. 
 
 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION . 
 
 Title. Improvements in Telephonic Apparatus. 
 
 Declaration as I [inventor], of, &c., do hereby declare the nature of this inven- 
 
 to nature of . , ,, 
 
 the invention. tlOn to D6 as lOllOWS: 
 
 The principal object of my invention is to provide means, 
 whereby a return current is transmitted to the sending station, to 
 indicate that the bell at a distant station has sounded, in cases 
 where a magneto call apparatus is used. 
 
 According to my invention, I provide the armature of the bell 
 with an arm, pendulum, or equivalent moving part, acting as 
 an automatic switch, by which contact is made and broken in the 
 primary circuit of the induction coil, so that a secondary current 
 is sent to the station of origin, or so that a current from a battery 
 is transmitted to the sending station to denote that the bell has 
 sounded at the distant station. 
 
 I may use a coil caused to move before the poles of a per- 
 manent magnet to generate the return current. 
 
 (z) The specification and the duplicate thereof must be signed at the end 
 and dated ; see Patents Rules, 1908.
 
 SPECIFICATIONS. 1183 
 
 In applying my invention to the - - telephone, I prefer to 
 carry the transmitter in the door of the signalling apparatus, and 
 the receiver on a door or flap below the ordinary door, and covering 
 a box containing the induction coil and switch. The said trans- 
 mitter and receiver are thus situated at or about right angles 
 to their usual position, so as to economize space, and give room 
 for the battery behind and below the receiver. 
 
 To provide a lightning arrester for the telephone, which can 
 be readily renewed, I separate the terminal screw plates by a 
 considerable space, and bridge it by a spring, between which and 
 one of the plates, paper or other readily renewable non-conducting 
 material is placed. 
 
 Dated this - day of - , 19 . 
 
 [Signature of agent.] 
 
 Agent for the said [inventor] (a) . 
 
 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. 
 Improvements in Telephonic Apparatus. Title. 
 
 I [inventor], of, &c., do hereby declare the nature of this Declaration 
 invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to ^ ^^*^ 
 be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following 
 statement: 
 
 The object of my invention is to provide means whereby a Statement, 
 return current is transmitted to the sending station, to indicate 
 that the bell or calling device at a distant station has been sounded, 
 or operated, applicable more especially in cases where a magneto 
 call apparatus is used. 
 
 According to my invention, I provide the armature of the bell, 
 or moving part of the calling device, with an arm, pendulum, or 
 equivalent moving part which, owing to the movement for operat- 
 ing the bell or device, vibrates or moves so as to send a return 
 current back to the sending station, to give the required indication. 
 The said pendulum, or its equivalent, may for this purpose act 
 as an automatic switch, by which contact is made and broken in the 
 primary circuit of the induction coil, and an induced current is sent 
 to the sending station, or so that a current from a battery is trans- 
 mitted to the sending station, to denote that the bell has sounded, 
 or calling device been operated, at the distant station. Or the said 
 
 (a) As to signature, see ante, p. 1180, note (?/).
 
 1184 PATENTS. 
 
 pendulum may carry a coil caused to move before the poles of a 
 magnet, so as to induce the necessary return current, or the magnet 
 may similarly be carried by the pendulum, and be caused to move 
 in proximity to a coil for the same purpose. 
 
 My invention applies to the operation of the pendulum as a 
 switch, to make and break contact in a circuit with the primary 
 of the induction coil, to send induced currents along the line to the 
 sending station, when the pendulum vibrates after the bell or 
 calling device has operated, so as to act as an automatic switch, 
 but it is to be understood that my invention is not limited in its 
 application of causing the pendulum, or the like, to effect the 
 production of the return current, nor is it limited to this particular 
 form of instrument. 
 
 In the accompanying diagram [Describe invention, particularly 
 by reference to diagram annexed]. 
 
 Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature 
 of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be 
 performed, I declare that what I claim is 
 
 Claim. 1 . In telephones, the combination with the bell or calling device 
 
 of a pendulum or automatic switch, operated by the movement, 
 which sounds the bell or actuates the calling device, so as to send 
 a return current, substantially, as and for the purpose herein- 
 before described. 
 
 2. In telephones, the combination with the armature of the 
 bell of a pendulum, which is vibrated by the movement of the 
 armature, and by its vibrations generates or induces a return 
 current, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore 
 described. 
 
 3. In telephones, the combination with the battery circuit and 
 the primary of the induction coil of a circuit, which is closed and 
 opened by the vibrations or oscillations of a pendulum, or its 
 equivalent operated by the movement, which sounds the bell, or 
 actuates the calling device, substantially as hereinbefore described. 
 
 4. In telephones, the combination with the bell armature of 
 the pendulum, and with the battery circuit of the springs, sub- 
 stantially as and for the purpose described. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 [Signature of agent.] 
 
 Agent for the said [inventor] (6). 
 (6) As to signature, se ante, p. 1182, note (z).
 
 RAILWAYS. NOTICE TO TREAT. H85 
 
 RAILWAYS (a). 
 
 1. NOTICE to TREAT, dc., for PURCHASE of LANDS. 
 A. and B. Railway. C. Branch. 
 
 The A. and B. Railway Company, incorporated by an Act of 
 Parliament passed in the sixth year of the reign of his late Majesty 
 King William the Fourth, intituled " An Act for making a 
 
 railway from A. to B., with branches to the towns of , in the 
 
 county of , and , in the county of ," do hereby, in pur- 
 suance of the powers and provisions of the said Act; of an Act of 
 Parliament passed in the ninth year of the reign of Her Majesty 
 Queen Victoria, intituled " An Act to amend the Acts relating to 
 the A. and B. Railway, and to authorise the formation of a 
 junction railway and several branch railways connected with the 
 same," of " The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845," and of 
 "The A. and B. Railway (C. Branch) Act, 1852," give you 
 notice, that they the said company require to purchase and take 
 for the purposes of the said C. branch railway and works 
 authorised by the said Acts secondly and last hereinbefore men- 
 tioned, a certain portion of the lands and hereditaments situate 
 
 in the parish of , in the county of - , which on the 
 
 map or plan, and in the book of reference deposited in the 
 year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four at the office 
 of the clerk of the peace for the said county of - , as mentioned 
 
 in the said secondly mentioned Act, is numbered ; and that 
 
 the said portion of land so required to be purchased and taken by 
 the said company is particularly delineated and described in the 
 map or plan hereunto annexed, and is the part thereon coloured 
 , containing in the whole - - or thereabouts; And the said 
 company do hereby further give you notice, that, it appearing to 
 the said company that you, or some or one of you, are or are 
 reputed to be entitled to or interested in the said portion of land, 
 or enabled or entitled to sell and convey or release the same, the 
 
 (n) See also "Compensation," "Parliamentary Documents."
 
 1186 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 said company are willing and hereby offer to treat with you as to 
 the purchase thereof and as to the compensation to be made to 
 you and every of you, and all the parties interested or concerned 
 therein, for the damage that may have been or may be sustained by 
 you and them respectively by reason of the execution of the afore- 
 said branch railway and works: And the said company do hereby 
 demand of you and every of you the particulars of your several 
 estates and interests in the said portion of land, and of the claims 
 made by you and every of you in respect thereof, and do require 
 you to deliver such particulars at the office of the said company in 
 the city of - - within twenty-one days from and after the receipt 
 hereof, in default whereof the said company will proceed forthwith 
 to procure the amount of the said purchase-money and compensa- 
 tion payable in respect of the said portion of land to be settled in 
 the manner prescribed by " The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 
 1845." 
 
 Dated this day of , one thousand nine hundred 
 
 and - . 
 
 Signed on behalf of the said A. and B. Railway Company. 
 
 , Secretary. 
 
 To A. B. and C. D. and E. F. and all and 
 ever} other person or persons whom it may 
 concern . 
 
 Herewith is sent a schedule of claim, which you are requested to 
 iill up and return. 
 
 Schedule to be filled up by Parties claiming, &c. 
 
 First, state the name, address and description j 
 of the party making the claim. I 
 
 State the particulars of the estate, share and \ 
 interest in or upon the said lands in respect f 
 whereof the claim is made, whether in re- I 
 spect of an estate of freehold, &c. 
 
 I .w setting forth, under separate titles, the various particulars 
 which the owners and lessees are required to specify .]
 
 NOTICE TO APPOINT UMPIRE. 1187 
 
 2. NOTICE to ARBITRATORS requiring them to appoint an 
 UMPIRE. 
 
 To Mr. - of , in the parish of - , in the county of , 
 
 gentleman; and to Mr. - - of - , in the parish of - , in 
 the county of , land agent: 
 
 Whereas the - - Railway Company have, by their appoint- 
 ment in writing under the hand of , their secretary, bearing 
 
 date the - - day of - , pursuant to " The Lands Clauses Con- 
 solidation Act, 1845," appointed you the said - - to be the 
 arbitrator on the said company's behalf, to settle certain questions, 
 disputes and differences between me the undersigned - - and 
 the said - - Railway Company, set forth and referred to in the 
 said appointment; and I the said - - have, by an appointment 
 in writing under my hand bearing date the - day of - , pur- 
 suant to ' The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845," ap- 
 pointed you the said to be the arbitrator on my behalf, to 
 
 settle certain questions, disputes and differences between me the 
 said - - and the said - - Railway Company, set forth and 
 referred to in the said appointment, being the same questions, 
 disput&s and differences as are referred to or set forth in the 
 appointment of the arbitrator of the said - Railway Company, 
 and I have delivered the said nomination and appointment to 
 
 you the said : Now I, the said , being one of the parties to 
 
 such arbitration, do hereby request you the said arbitrators, before 
 you enter upon the matters referred to you, to nominate and ap- 
 point, by writing under your hands, an umpire to decide on any 
 such matters so referred to you as aforesaid, on which you shall 
 differ, or which shall be referred to such umpire under the pro- 
 visions of " The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845," or " The . 
 
 - Railway Act, 1846;" and in case for seven days after this 
 request you shall neglect to appoint an umpire, I shall apply for 
 the appointment of an umpire to decide on any such matters so 
 referred to you on which you shall differ, or which shall be referred 
 to such umpire under the provisions of " The Lands Clauses Con- 
 solidation Act, 1845," or " The - Railway Act, 1846," pursuant 
 to the twenty-eighth section of " The Lands Clauses Consolidation 
 Art, 1845," in that behalf. 
 
 Witness my hand the day of - , one thousand nine 
 
 hundred and . T.H.
 
 1188 RAILWAYS. 
 
 3. NOTICE from OWNER requiring COMPENSATION re- 
 quiring ARBITRATION . 
 
 To the - - Railway Company. 
 
 Whereas, in exercise of the powers contained in the Act or Acts 
 of Parliament, under which you are authorised to make and con- 
 struct a certain railway from - - to , you have entered upon 
 
 [or, " and taken "] certain parcels of land [here describe the lands 
 with particularity, as in the notice, Form No. 1, ante], for the 
 purpose of making spoil banks and side cuttings thereon [or> 
 "for the purpose of obtaining therefrom materials for the con- 
 struction for, " repair "] of the said railway " [describe the. injuries 
 done to the lands according to the facts]], and for other purposes 
 connected with the construction of the said railway, whereby the 
 said lands have been damaged and injuriously affected*: Now 
 I, the undersigned A. B., being the owner in fee simple of the 
 above-mentioned lands, do hereby, in pursuance of the statutes in 
 that case made and provided, give you the said company notice, 
 that I require you to pay me compensation in respect of my said 
 lands, which you have damaged and injuriously affected [or, 
 " taken "] as aforesaid, and in respect of my interest therein, and 
 that the amount of my claim for compensation, by reason of the 
 
 premises, is . And further take notice, that, unless you are 
 
 willing to pay to me the said sum of , and shall enter into a 
 
 written agreement for that purpose within twenty -one days after 
 the receipt by you of this notice, then it is my desire that the 
 amount of compensation to be paid to me by you by reason of the 
 premises shall be ascertained by arbitration, according to the pro- 
 vision of the Act or Acts of Parliament in that case made and 
 
 provided. And if you fail to pay me the said sum of , or 
 
 to enter into such written agreement as aforesaid, within the said 
 twenty-one days, then and in that case I do hereby request and 
 require you to nominate and appoint an arbitrator to act on your 
 behalf in the matter of the said arbitration. 
 
 Witness my hand this - day of - , in the year of our Lord 
 19. A.B., 
 
 of [insert address].
 
 NOTICE FROM A TENANT IN TAIL. 1189 
 
 4. NOTICE from a TENANT in TAIL, <fc., requiring COM- 
 PENSATION to be settled by Arbitration. 
 
 To the - Railway Company . 
 
 Whereas, &c. [as in the Form No. 3, supra, to* ; then proceed 
 as jolloivs :] Now I, the undersigned A. B., being the tenant in 
 tail [or, " being committee of E. F., Esq., a lunatic, the owner in 
 fee simple," as the case may be, setting forth the estate and interest 
 of the parties in the lands :~\ of the above-mentioned lands, do 
 hereby, in pursuance of the statutes in that case made and pro- 
 vided, give you the said company notice, that I require you to pay 
 compensation in respect of the said lands, which you have damaged 
 and injuriously affected [or, taken"] as aforesaid, and in respect 
 of my estate and interest therein, and that the amount of the claim 
 
 for compensation, by reason of the premises, is . And 
 
 further take notice, that, unless you are willing to pay or deposit 
 
 the said sum of , and shall enter into a written agreement 
 
 for that purpose, within twenty-one days after the receipt by 
 you of this notice, then it is my desire that the amount of com- 
 pensation to be paid by you by reason of the premises shall be 
 ascertained by arbitration, according to the provisions of the said 
 statutes in that case made and provided. And if you the said 
 
 company fail to pay or deposit the said sum of , or to enter 
 
 into such written agreement as aforesaid within the said twenty- 
 one days, then and in that case I do hereby request and require 
 you to nominate and appoint an arbitrator to act on your behalf 
 in the matter of the said arbitration. 
 
 Witness my hand this day of - , in the year of our Lord 
 
 19. A.B., 
 
 of [here insert address']. 
 
 5. NOTICE by COMPANY Three Weeks before LANDS 
 entered for TEMPORARY OCCUPATION. 
 
 Railway. 
 
 The Railway Company incorporated 'by virtue of an Act, 
 
 intituled [insert the title of the special Act], hereby give you and 
 each and every of you notice, that, under the provisions of the said 
 Act, the temporary possession of certain pieces or parcels of land,
 
 1190 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 called , situate in the parish of - , in the county of - , 
 
 containing by estimation - -A.- - R. - -p., or thereabouts, 
 which said pieces or parcels of land are more particularly de- 
 lineated and described in the plan and schedule hereunto annexed 
 [as the case may be, as in the notice, Form No. I, ante, p. 1185], 
 is required by the said company, for the purpose of carrying into 
 execution the purposes of the said Act; and further take notice,* 
 that they the said company intend, at the expiration of three 
 weeks from the service upon you of this notice, to occupy the said 
 lands, so long as may be necessary for the construction [or, 
 " repair "] of the said railway and the accommodation works con- 
 nected therewith, and to use the same as they are authorised in 
 that behalf by the said Act or otherwise; that is to say, for the 
 purpose of taking earth or soil by side cuttings therefrom [or, 
 "for the purpose of depositing soil thereon," or, " for the purpose 
 of obtaining materials therefrom for the construction [or, 
 ' repair '] of the said railway and accommodation works," 
 as the case may be]. And, in pursuance of the directions con- 
 tained in the said Railway Act, and a certain Act incorporated 
 therewith, intituled " The Railways Clauses 'Consolidation Act, 
 1845," you and each and every of you are hereby informed, that by 
 sects. 39, 42, 43 and 44 of the said last-mentioned Act the follow- 
 ing provisions are made respecting the right of the owners and 
 occupiers of lands, whereof temporary occupation is required, to 
 require the company to purchase any such lands, or to receive 
 compensation for the temporary occupation thereof; that is to say, 
 by sect. 39 [here the foregoing sections may be given at length, 
 or the substance only may be stated]. 
 
 Witness our hands this day of - , in the year of our Lord 
 19. 
 
 A. B. | Directors of the said railway 
 C. D. \ company. 
 
 [Or, " E. F., Treasurer [ or, ' Secretary'] of 
 
 the said railway company."] 
 To A. B., Esq., owner, and C. D. 
 and E. F., occupiers of the lands 
 above mentioned, and to all other ( 
 persons whom it may concern.
 
 NOTICE BEFORE LANDS TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED. 
 
 6. NOTICE by COMPANY Ten Days before LANDS are TEM- 
 PORARILY OCCUPIED. 
 
 - Railway . 
 
 The - - Railway Company, incorporated, &c. [as- in the fore- 
 going notice, No. 5, to* ; then proceed as follows:] that they the 
 said company intend, at the expiration of ten days (6) from the 
 service upon you of this notice, to occupy the said lands as long as 
 may be necessary for the construction [or, " repair "] of the said 
 railway and the accommodation works connected therewith, and 
 to use the same as they are authorised in that behalf by the said 
 Act or otherwise, for the purpose of, &c. [here insert any special 
 purpose requiring only ten days' notice (6)]. And in pursuance 
 of the directions contained in the said Act, and in a certain Act 
 incorporated therewith, intituled " The Railways Clauses Con- 
 solidation Act, 1845," you and each and every of you are hereby 
 informed that by sects. 39, 43 and 44 of the last-mentioned Act 
 the following provisions are made respecting the right of the 
 owners and occupiers of lands to demand and receive compensa- 
 tion in all cases where temporary possession of lands for the 
 purposes aforesaid shall be taken by the company by virtue of 
 the powers in the hereinbefore-mentioned Act or Acts contained; 
 that is to say, by sect. 39 [here the foregoing sections may be 
 given at length, or the substance only may be stated]. 
 
 Witness our hands this day of , in the year of our Lord 
 
 19. 
 
 A. B. j Directors of the said railway 
 C. D. j company. 
 
 [Or, " E. F., Secretary [or, ' Treasurer ' of the 
 
 said railway company."] 
 To A. B., Esq., owner and C. D. 
 
 and E. F., occupiers of the lands 
 
 within mentioned, and to all 
 
 other persons whom it may 
 
 concern (c) . 
 
 (6) By sect. 33 of the Kailways Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, three 
 weeks' notice must be given where lands are required for spoil banks or for 
 side cuttings or for obtaining materials for the construction or repair of the 
 railway ; ten days' notice where they are required for any of the other 
 purposes mentioned in the Act. 
 
 (c) As to the proper mode of serving notices, see 8 Viet. c. 20, s. 34.
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 7. NOTICE from OWNER or OCCUPIER to the COMPANY re- 
 quiring them not to use land for temporary purposes. 
 
 To the - Railway Company. 
 
 Whereas, by a certain notice under the hand of A. B. and C. D. 
 
 [as the case may be], bearing date the day of - - last, I am 
 
 informed that you intend to occupy (for temporary purposes) and 
 use certain lands [or, " lands and materials "] belonging to me [or, 
 " in my occupation "], situate at, &c., for the purposes in the 
 said notice particularly mentioned : [This recital mil vary accord- 
 ing to the nature of the notice which the company may have 
 
 given :] Take notice, that I the undersigned , as the owner [or, 
 
 " occupier "] of such lands, do hereby, in pursuance of the statute 
 in that case made and provided, object to your making use of 
 8uch lands, or of any part or parcel thereof [as the case may be]*; 
 and that the ground of my said objection is, that the lands pro- 
 posed by you to be taken as aforesaid [or, some part thereof, 
 and the materials contained therein] are essential to be retained by 
 me [or, if the notice is given by the occupier, "by A. B., Esq., 
 the owner thereof"], in order to the beneficial enjoyment of other 
 neighbouring lands belonging to me [or, " to him "]. And further 
 take notice, that you are hereby required not to enter upon or use 
 the said lands in any manner whatsoever, and that it is intended 
 forthwith to apply for an order of justices to prevent the said 
 lands [or, " lands and materials "] from being at any time taken 
 or used by you. 
 
 Witness my hand this day of , in the year of our Lord 
 
 19. 
 
 A. B., owner [or, " occupier "] of the said lands. 
 
 8. NOTICE from OWNER or OCCUPIER to COMPANY re- 
 quiring them not to use lands for Temporary Purposes, 
 on the ground that other lands are more fitting to be 
 used. 
 
 To the Railway Company. 
 
 Whereas, by a certain notice, &G. [as in the foregoing notice, 
 Form No. 7, to*; then proceed as follows:] and that the ground 
 of my said objection is, that certain lands called or known by the
 
 ORDER PROHIBITING THE TAKING OF LANDS. 1193 
 
 name of , situate at ' -, in the occupation of one [as the 
 
 case may be, describing the lands accurately], being lands lying 
 contiguous or near to those proposed by you to be taken for the 
 said purposes in the said notice mentioned, are more fitting to 
 be used for such purposes by you the said company. And further 
 take notice, that you are hereby required not to enter upon or use 
 the said lands referred to in your said notice in any manner what- 
 ever, and that it is intended forthwith to take the necessary steps 
 to prevent the said lands [or, " lands and materials "] from being 
 at any time taken or used by you. 
 
 Witness my hand this - day of - , in the year of our Lord 
 19. 
 
 A. B., owner [or, " occupier "] of the said lands. 
 
 9. ORDER of JUSTICES that LANDS for TEMPORARY PUR- 
 POSES shall not be TAKEN, the same being NECESSARY 
 for the BENEFICIAL ENJOYMENT of OTHER LANDS. 
 
 ) Whereas it hath been made to appear unto us, A. B. and 
 to wit. ) C. D., two of his Majesty's justices of the peace acting in 
 and for the said county, in petty sessions assembled, that the - 
 Railway Company did, by notice in writing, under the hand of 
 the secretary of the said company, bearing date , and addressed 
 to A. B., of - , give notice that they intended to enter upon 
 certain lands situate, lying and being in the aforesaid county of 
 , belonging to the said A. B., more particularly mentioned 
 and described in the said notice, for the purpose [as specified in 
 the notice] ; and that the .said A. B. did, by notice in writing to the 
 said company, within ten days after the service of such first- 
 mentioned notice, object to the said company making use of such 
 lands, on the ground* that the lands proposed to be taken for 
 such purposes are essential to be retained by him, the said A. B., 
 in order to the beneficial enjoyment of other neighbouring lands 
 belonging to him; and whereas the said company, being duly 
 summoned, and also the said A. B. did come and appear before 
 us the said justices: Now we the said justices, having duly con- 
 sidered the circumstances of the case, and having inquired into 
 the truth of such ground of objection on the part of the said A. B., 
 do, for the reason hereinafter assigned, hereby order that the
 
 1194 RAILWAYS. 
 
 said company shall not take or use, without the previous consent, in 
 writing, of the said A. B., any of the lands or materials in the said 
 notice alleged to be required by the said company, and so pro- 
 posed to be taken, on the ground that the said lands are essential 
 to be retained by the said A. B., in order to the beneficial enjoy- 
 ment of his other neighbouring lands, by reason that the occu- 
 pation of the lands for the purposes aforesaid, by the said company, 
 would [here state the special reasons] . 
 
 Given under our hands and seals this day of , A. D.I 9 . 
 
 10. ORDER of JUSTICES that LANDS other than those ORIGIN- 
 ALLY REQUIRED by the COMPANY shall be taken. 
 
 [Form 9 to*, then proceed as follows:] That other 
 
 to wit. I lands in the said county of - , lying contiguous or 
 near to those proposed to be taken, belonging or reputed to belong 
 to C. D.. and in the occupation of E. F., and which are authorised 
 to be taken by the said company for the purposes aforesaid, under 
 the provisions of the said Acts, are sufficient in quantity for the 
 purposec of, and are more fitting to be used by the said company ; 
 and whereas the said company have refused and still refuse to 
 occupy such last-mentioned lands, in lieu of those mentioned in the 
 notice served by them upon the said A . B . ; and whereas the said 
 company and the said C. D. and E. F. being duly summoned, 
 together with the said A. B., did come and appear before us, the 
 said justices: Now we, the said justices, having heard the evidence 
 of the said several parties and their respective witnesses, and con- 
 sidered the circumstances of the case, do order and determine that 
 the said company do use, and we do hereby authorise them to 
 occupy and use accordingly, the lands belonging to the said C. D., 
 and in the occupation of the said E. F. [describing the lands], 
 for the purposes aforesaid, instead and in lieu of the lands of the 
 said A. B., originally proposed to be taken by the said company, 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 Given under our hands and seals this day of , A.D. 19 .
 
 NOTICES UNDER LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 1195 
 
 11. NOTICE uihere the OWNER of LANDS TAKEN for TEM- 
 PORARY PURPOSES REQUIRES the COMPANY to PURCHASE. 
 
 To the - Railway Company. 
 
 Whereas, in exercise of the powers contained in the Act or 
 Acts of Parliament under which you are authorised to make and 
 construct a certain railway from - - to - , you have entered 
 upon certain parcels of lands [here describe the lands mth par- 
 ticularity^, for the purpose of making spoil banks and side cuttings 
 thereon [or, " for the purpose of obtaining therefrom materials 
 for the construction [or, ' repair '] of the said railway," as the 
 case may be~\ and for other purposes connected with the con- 
 struction of the said railway; and whereas, by the said Act or Acts 
 of Parliament, authority is given to the owners or occupiers of 
 lands so entered upon as aforesaid, or to parties having such estates 
 or interests therein as, under the provisions in the sai ; d Act or 
 Acts mentioned, would enable them to sell or convey lands, to serve 
 notice in writing on the company who shall have entered on such 
 lands for the purposes aforesaid, requiring them to purchase such 
 lands or the estates and interests therein capable of being sold 
 and conveyed:* Now I, the undersigned A. B., being the owner 
 in fee simple of the above-mentioned lands, do hereby, in pur- 
 suance of the authority aforesaid, give you the said company 
 notice, that I require you to purchase the said lands of me, and all 
 my estate and interest therein, and that the amount of my claim 
 for compensation or purchase-money is [The folloiving ad- 
 dition may be made to this notice if it is considered desirable : 
 And further take notice, that unless you the said company are 
 
 willing to pay to me the said sum of , then it is my desire 
 
 that the amount of compensation to be paid to me by you for 
 the purchase of the said lands shall be ascertained by arbitration, 
 according to the provisions of the Act or Acts of Parliament in 
 such case made and provided: and I hereby [give you notice that I 
 have by writing under my hand, bearing even date herewith, 
 nominated and appointed - - of - - to be arbitrator on my 
 behalf in the matters aforesaid, and do hereby] require you the 
 said company to nominate and appoint an arbitrator to act oil 
 your behalf in the matter of the said arbitration. 
 
 B. VOL. ii. 22
 
 i!96 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Witness my hand this day of , in the year of our Lord 
 
 19. A. B., 
 
 of [insert address]. 
 
 12. SIMILAR form where TENANT in TAIL, <&?., REQUIRES 
 COMPANY to PURCHASE. 
 
 To the - - Railway Company. 
 
 Whereas, &c. [as in the Form No. 11, to*, then proceed as 
 follows :] Now I, the undersigned A. B., being the tenant in 
 tail [or, "being committee duly appointed of A. B., Esq., a 
 lunatic, the owner in fee simple," as the case may be, setting 
 forth the estate and interest of the parties in the lands, e.g. " an 
 estate of fee simple in possession subject to a certain lease bearing 
 
 date the day of , and granted to one for years," 
 
 or, " an estate in fee, &c., in the said lands which are copyhold of 
 
 the manor of ," or, "an estate for lives," or, "years" as 
 
 the case may be (d)~\ of the above-mentioned lands, do hereby, 
 in pursuance of the authority aforesaid, give you the said company 
 notice, that I require you to purchase the said lands and the estate 
 and interest therein capable of being sold and conveyed by me, 
 and that the amount of the claim for compensation by reason of 
 
 the premises is ; and that on payment or deposit thereof, I 
 
 am ready to make a conveyance of the said lands to you. [A 
 notice requiring an arbitration, as at the foot of Notice No. 11, 
 supra, may be here added.'] 
 
 (d) The particulars of the estate, share, interest or charge in respect 
 whereof the claim is made should be here inserted, whether in respect of an 
 estate of freehold, copyhold or leasehold tenure ; if leasehold, for what term 
 of years ; if the claim be on account of any interest or charge, as distinct 
 from an estate in the lands, &c., the particulars of such interest or charge 
 should be stated : and if any claim be made on account of injury or damage 
 caused by the taking of the lands, the particulars should be stated.
 
 NOTICES UNDER LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 1197 
 
 13. NOTICE from COMPANY that PRIVATE ROAD will be 
 
 REQUIRED jar TEMPORARY USE. 
 
 Railway . 
 
 The Railway Company, incorporated by virtue of an Act, 
 
 intituled [insert the title of the special Act], hereby give notice to 
 you, and each and every of you, that under the powers of the said 
 Act contained, the said company intend, at the expiration of three 
 weeks from the service hereof, to enter upon and use a private road, 
 
 situate in the parish of , in the county of , and called 
 
 lane [describing the road with particularity} (the same being a roadi 
 which the said company are by the said Act authorised to use), 
 and that they the said company intend to use the said road for 
 the purpose of passing and re-passing thereon, by themselves, 
 their engineers, contractors, agents, servants, workmen, labourers, 
 .and other persons employed in and about the construction of the 
 said railway, and the works connected therewith, and also by 
 and with such horses, carts, waggons and other carriages (whether 
 loaded or unloaded), as may be necessary for constructing the 
 said railway and works, and otherwise carrying the said Act into 
 execution. And further take notice, that the said company require 
 and intend to occupy and use the said road in manner aforesaid 
 
 for the space of months from the expiration of the said period 
 
 of three weeks after the service hereof, and that they are willing to 
 pay to you, and all parties entitled, such compensation for the 
 use and occupation of such road as may be agreed upon, or as 
 shall be otherwise settled according to law. 
 
 As witness our hands [or, " my hand "] this day of , 
 
 in the year of our Lord . 
 
 E. F. and G. H., Directors of the 
 
 said company [or, "I.K., Secretary" 
 
 or, " Treasurer " of the said 
 
 company]. 
 To A. B., Esq., owner, and 0. D., Esq., 
 
 occupier, of the road mentioned in the 
 
 above notice, and to all other persons 
 
 whom it may concern. 
 
 22 (2)
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 14. NOTICE from OWNER, &c. of PRIVATE ROAD to COM- 
 PANY REQUIRING THEM not to US6 the ROAD. 
 
 To the - - Railway Company. 
 
 Whereas, by a certain notice under the hands of A. B. and 
 C. D. [as the case may be], bearing date the - - day of - 
 last, I am informed that you intend to enter upon, occupy and use 
 a certain private road belonging to me, in my occupation, and 
 situate on lands belonging to me, situate at, &c.: Take notice, 
 that I, the undersigned E. F., being the owner and occupier of 
 such road, and being the owner of the lands over which the said 
 road passes, do hereby, in pursuance of the statute in that case- 
 made and provided, object to your making use of such road, or of 
 any part thereof; and the ground of my said objection is, that 
 there is another private road [or, " there is a public road"], situate 
 
 in the parish of , and called lane [particularly describing 
 
 the road], which you, the said company are authorised to use for 
 the purposes in your said notice mentioned, and which said road 
 is more fitting to be used for the said purposes than the road 
 mentioned in your said notice. And further take notice, that 
 you are hereby required not to enter upon or use the said road, 
 referred to in your said notice, in any manner whatsoever, and 
 that it is intended forthwith to apply for an order of justices, to 
 prevent the said first-mentioned road from being taken or used 
 by you. 
 
 Witness my hand this - day of - , in the year of our Lord 
 
 E.F., 
 
 of [place of abode~\- 
 
 15. NOTICE from COMPANY to OWNER that they INTEND 
 to ISSUE WARRANT to SHERIFF. 
 
 The - - Railway Company . 
 
 Whereas, by virtue and under the authority of an Act of Parlia- 
 ment, intituled [here insert the title of the special Act], we, the 
 Railway Company, by a certain notice, bearing date the -
 
 NOTICES UNDER LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 
 
 day of - , informed you, A. B. and 0. D., &c., that all those 
 parcels of lands, tenements and hereditaments mentioned and 
 described in the schedule to the notice annexed [or, particularly 
 described in a map or plan to the notice also annexed, as the case 
 may be, see Form No. 1, ante,- p. 1185], situate at, &c., belonging 
 or reputed to belong to you [or, some or one of you], or in which 
 you [or, some or one of you] had or claimed some estate or interest, 
 were required to be taken and used by the said railway company, 
 incorporated by the said Act, for the purposes thereof as in the 
 said notice is particularly mentioned; and whereas you, the said 
 A. B. and C. D., &c., have failed to state the particulars of your 
 claims for purchase-money or compensation for injuries or damage 
 in respect of the said lands, tenements and hereditaments, or to 
 treat with the said company in respect thereof, as by the said 
 notice you were required to do [or, " and whereas we the said 
 company and you the said A. B. and C. D., &c., have not agreed, 
 and we cannot agree, as to the amount of the purchase-money or 
 compensation to be paid by us the said company to you for the 
 purchase of the said hereditaments and of your estate and interest 
 therein, or, of the estate and interest therein which by the said 
 Act you are enabled to sell and convey, and for any damage which 
 might be sustained by you by reason of the execution of the said 
 railway works:"] Now we the said company hereby, in pursuance 
 of the said Act, give you notice that it is the intention of the said 
 company, after the expiration of ten days from the service of 
 this notice, and in pursuance of the provisions in the sai.d Act 
 contained, to issue our warrant to the sheriff or other proper officer 
 of the county of - , and to cause a jury to be summoned to 
 inquire of and assess the amount of such purchase-money and 
 compensation as aforesaid, which you or either of you are entitled 
 to receive under the provisions of the said Act. And further 
 take notice that we the said company are willing to give the 
 sum of pounds for the purchase of the absolute and un- 
 encumbered fee simple and inheritance in possession of the said 
 lands, tenements and hereditaments, including your estate and 
 interest therein, and the estate and interest therein which by the 
 said Act you are enabled to sell and convey, and for any damage or 
 injury, by severance or otherwise, which may be sustained by you 
 the said A. B., C. D., &c., by the execution of the said railway 
 works.
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Witness our hands the - - day of , A.D. - . 
 
 G. H. | Directors of the said railway 
 I. K. I company. 
 
 [Or, " L. M.', Secretary, d*c." 
 
 To A. B., Esq., and C. D., Esq., and > 
 all other parties claiming satisfac- 
 tion or compensation for the above- 
 mentioned hereditaments, or any 
 estate, share, interest or charge in 
 or affecting the same, or for any 
 injury or damage occasioned by the 
 taking of the said hereditaments by 
 the said company, or otherwise "by 
 reason of making of the said rail- 
 Avay, or on account of the execution 
 of the said Act, and to all other 
 persons whom it may concern. 
 
 16. WARRANT from the COMPANY to the SHERIFF RE- 
 QUIRING HIM to SUMMON JURY. 
 
 The - - Railway Company. 
 [The name of the County] 
 
 .To the Sheriff of the county of . 
 
 to wit. ) 
 
 Whereas the Railway Company, established and incor- 
 porated by an Act of Parliament made and passed in the - 
 year of the reign of her Majesty Queen Victoria intituled the - 
 Railway Act, 18 , in which Act are incorporated the Lands- 
 Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, the Companies Clauses Con- 
 solidation Act, 1845, and the Railways Clauses Consolidation Act,. 
 1845, on or about the - - day of - - gave to and duly served 
 upon A. B. [the owner], of, &c., a notice in writing, addressed to- 
 
 him and bearing date the day of , and signed by - , 
 
 the secretary of the said company, which notice was in the words 
 or to the effect following [here copy the notice]: "And on or 
 about the day of - - the said company also gave to and duly 
 served upon C. D. [the second party served], of, &c., a notice
 
 WARRANT TO SHERIFF TO SUMMON JURY. I201 1 
 
 in writing addressed to him ? and bearing date the said daj 
 
 of - , and signed by the said , as such secretary as afore- 
 said, 'which last-mentioned notice was in the words or to the 
 effect following, that is to say" [here copy the second notice]: 
 And whereas each of them the said A. B. and 0. D. failed to 
 treat with the said company in respect of the pieces or parcels 
 of land and other hereditaments described or referred to in the 
 schedule written under the notice to him given, and addressed as 
 aforesaid, for the space of twenty-one days next after the service 
 upon him of the same notice, and thereupon the said company, 
 in pursuance of the provisions contained in the said Lands Clauses 
 Consolidation Act, 1845, gave to and duly served upon the said 
 A. B. and 0. D. respectively the several notices next hereinafter 
 mentioned or referred to, that is to say, on or about the - - day 
 
 of , the said company gave to and duly served upon the said 
 
 A . B . a notice in writing addressed to him, dated the day of 
 
 , and signed by the said , as such secretary as aforesaid, 
 
 which notice was in the words or to the effect following, that 
 is to say [here copy the notice of intention to summon a jury\ 
 
 and on or about the day of the said company gave to 
 
 and duly served upon the said C. D. a notice, &c. {copying it]: 
 
 And whereas on or about the day of , the said A. B. 
 
 and C. D. gave to and duly served upon the said company notice 
 
 in writing, addressed to them, dated respectively the day 
 
 of , and signed by the said A. B. and C. D. respectively, 
 
 which notice was in the words or to the effect following, that is 
 to say [here copy the notice (if any] for a special jury}: Now 
 
 therefore we the said railway company, in pursuance of and 
 
 in obedience to the provision contained in the said Lands Clauses 
 Consolidation Act, 1845, do by this our warrant, under our com- 
 mon seal, issued to you the sheriff of the said county of , 
 
 require you to summon a jury in compliance with the directions 
 of the same Act, to determine by their verdict the sum or sums 
 of money to be paid by the said company for the purchase by them 
 in fee simple in possession of the said pieces or parcels of land 
 
 described or referred to in the said notice of the day of , 
 
 and the appurtenances thereto belonging; and also the sum or sums 
 of money to be paid by the said company for the damage (if 
 any) to be sustained by the owner of the said pieces or parcels 
 of land and other premises by reason of the severing thereof from
 
 1202 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 the other lands of such owner, or otherwise injuriously affecting 
 such lands, by the exercise of the powers of the said Lands Clauses 
 Consolidation Act, 1845, or the said - - Railway Act, 18 , 
 or any Act incorporated therewith. [// the question is to be 
 tried before a special jury, say 11 And the said - - Railway 
 Company, in pursuance of the said several notices of the said 
 A. B. and C. D. respectively in this behalf, and in further 
 obedience to the provisions of the said Lands Clauses Consoli- 
 dation Act, 1845, do by this their warrant also require you the 
 said sheriff to nominate a special jury for such trial."] 
 
 Given under our common seal this - - day of - , A.D. 19 . 
 
 17. ANOTHER and MORE SPECIAL FORM of WARRANT from 
 the COMPANY to the SHERIFF, REQUIRING HIM to SUM- 
 MON a JURY. 
 
 [The name of the county! ) . 
 
 J To the Sheriff of . 
 
 to wit. J 
 
 Whereas, we the - - Company, incorporated by an Act of 
 Parliament, intituled [insert title of special Act], and by the 
 said Act authorised to purchase or take for the purposes thereof 
 the lands, tenements and hereditaments hereinafter particularly 
 mentioned, by a notice in writing, bearing date the - - day of 
 
 , duly given by us in pursuance of the said Act, did inform 
 
 A. B., C. D., &c., that the said lands, tenements and heredita- 
 ments belonging or reputed to belong to them [or, " some or one 
 of them "] or in which they [or, " some or one of them "] claimed 
 some estate or interest, were required to be taken and used by 
 us the said railway company for the purposes of the said Act; 
 and that the said company were willing to treat for the absolute 
 purchase of the said lands, tenements and hereditaments, and of 
 the interest of. them the said A. B. and C. D., &c., therein, or 
 which they were by law enabled to sell and convey, and as to 
 the compensation to be made to them the said A. B., C. D., &c., 
 and all parties interested, for the damage or injury that might 
 be sustained by reason of the execution of the railway works: 
 And whereas the said A. B., C. D., &c., have, for the space 
 of twenty-one days after the service of the said notice, failed to
 
 WAKKANT TO SHERIFF TO SUMMON JURY. 1203 
 
 state the particulars of their claims in respect of the said lands, 
 tenements and hereditaments, or to treat with us the said company 
 in respect thereof: [Or, "And whereas we the said company, and 
 the said A. B. and C. D., &c., have not agreed and cannot agree as 
 to the amount of the purchase-money or compensation as afore- 
 said to be paid by us to them:"] And whereas we the said com- 
 pany, by a notice in writing, bearing date the day of , 
 
 duly given by us in pursuance ,of the said Acts, did inform the 
 said A. B., C. D., &c., of our intention to cause a jury to be 
 summoned to assess such purchase-money and compensation as 
 .aforesaid; and also the sum of money we were willing to give 
 for the purchase of the said lands, tenements and hereditaments, 
 and for the damage to be sustained by reason of the execution of 
 the said railway works : Now we the said - - Railway Company 
 do, by this our warrant, in pursuance of the powers conferred upon 
 us in that behalf by the said Acts, require you the said sheriff to 
 summon and return a jury 'of twenty-four indifferent men duly 
 qualified according to law to be and appear before you the said 
 sheriff at some convenient time or place to be appointed by you 
 (such time not being less than fourteen nor more than twenty- 
 one days after the receipt by you of this our warrant, and such 
 place not being more than eight miles distant from the lands 
 hereinafter described), in order that you the said sheriff may 
 cause to be drawn in such manner as juries for trials of issues 
 joined in the superior courts are by law required to be drawn out 
 of the persons so to be summoned, and who shall appear, a jury 
 of twelve men; or if a sufficient number of jurymen do not appear 
 in obedience to the said summons, then that you the said sheriff 
 may return a sufficient number of indifferent men duly qualified 
 ;as aforesaid of the bystanders or others that can be speedily pro- 
 cured to make up the said jury to the number of twelve, you the 
 said sheriff allowing all parties concerned their lawful challenges 
 against any of the said jurymen according to law; and such jury 
 summoned and drawn shall, upon their oaths, affirmations or de- 
 clarations, as the case may be, inquire of and assess and give a 
 verdict for the sum or sums of money to be paid by us the said 
 company to the said A. B., O. D., &c., or other the person or 
 persons interested therein for the purchase of the lands, tene- 
 ments and hereditaments hereinafter mentioned, and for the pur- 
 chase of every estate, share, right, interest or charge of them the
 
 1204 RAILWAYS. 
 
 said A. B., C. D., &c., each and every of them, in, upon or affect- 
 ing the said lands, tenements and hereditaments, or which they,. 
 any or either of them are or is by the said Act enabled to sell r 
 convey or release [if the lands are to be severed add the following : 
 And also for the sum or sums of money to be paid by us the said 
 company for the damage to be sustained by the owner or owners of 
 the said lands, tenements and hereditaments, by reason of the sever- 
 ing thereof from the other lands, tenements and hereditaments of 
 such owner or owners, or otherwise injuriously affecting such lands 
 by the exercise of the powers of the said Act of Parliament,, or any 
 Act or Acts incorporated therewith], that is to say, firstly, all that 
 
 piece or parcel of land, &c., situate at a place called , in the- 
 
 parish of , in the said county, containing by estimation A. 
 
 R. P., or thereabouts, which said piece or parcel of land 
 
 and premises are delineated and described on the map or planr 
 and book of reference deposited in the office of the clerk of the- 
 peace for the said county of [or, all those parcels of land, tene- 
 ments and hereditaments mentioned in the schedule hereunto an- 
 nexed, &c., as in the Form No. 1, ante, p. 1185. The description 
 of the lands should be accurately stated, and it should agree in all 
 respects with the description in the notice to treat.] 
 
 And the said jury shall also in like manner inquire of and 
 assess and give a verdict for the sum or sums of money to be paid 
 by the said company to the said A. B., C. D., &c., [each and every 
 of them], being the parties interested in the said lands, tene- 
 ments and hereditaments, &c., for all damage sustained by them 
 or any of them by reason of the exercise, as regards such lands, 
 tenements and hereditaments, of the power by the said Act vested 
 in the said company. And the said jury shall further, upon 
 their oaths, affirmations or declarations as aforesaid, inquire of 
 and by their verdict ascertain and settle all such other matters 
 and things as they may by virtue of the provisions of the said' 
 Act or otherwise, be lawfully required to do. 
 
 Given, under our common seal this day of - , A.D. . 
 
 18. APPOINTMENT of SURVEYORS to DETERMINE PUR- 
 CHASE-MONEY where from PARTIES UNDER DISABILITY. 
 
 To all to whom these presents shall come, the Railway 
 
 Company, incorporated by an Act of Parliament intituled the?
 
 FORMS UNDER LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 
 
 - Railway Act, 184 , and A. B. [the tenant for life or other 
 party under (Usability], of, &c., send greeting: WHEREAS, by 
 virtue of the above-mentioned Act of Parliament, and of the Act 
 or Acts of Parliament incorporated therewith, the above-named 
 railway company are authorised to purchase and take, for the 
 purposes of the said railway, the several pieces or parcels of land 
 described or referred to in the schedule hereunder written, and 
 the said railway company have given due notice of their intention 
 to take the lands for the purposes aforesaid to the parties interested 
 in the said lands: And whereas, by the last will and testament of 
 
 , deceased, bearing date the - - day of , the said pieces 
 
 or parcels of land, together with other hereditaments, stand limited 
 to the use of the said A. B. for his life without impeachment 
 of waste, with divers remainders over [this recital will vary accord- 
 ing to the circumstances of each case]: Wherefore, according to 
 the provisions contained in the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 
 1845, the same being one of the Acts incorporated with the said 
 
 - Railway Act, 18 , it is requisite that the purchase-money or 
 compensation to be paid for the purchase of [or add, "and for 
 any permanent damage and injury to,"] the said pieces or parcels 
 of land and hereditaments shall not be less than shall be deter- 
 mined by the valuation of two able practical surveyors, one to 
 be nominated by the said company, and the other by the said 
 A. B.: Now, therefore, be it known, that, in pursuance of and 
 in obedience to the directions of the said Act or Acts of Parlia- 
 ment in this behalf, the said - - Railway Company do hereby 
 nominate on their behalf C. D., of - , &c., an able practical 
 surveyor, and the said A. B. doth hereby nominate on his behalf 
 E. F., of, &c., an able practical surveyor, to be the two surveyors 
 for the purpose of determining by their valuation the amount of* 
 the purchase or compensation money to be paid by the said com- 
 pany for the purchase by them in fee simple in possession of the 
 said pieces or parcels of land 'described or referred to in the said 
 schedule hereunder written, and the appurtenances thereto belong- 
 ing: [If the lands- are severed from other lands, then add, "and 
 also for the purpose of determining the amount of the compen- 
 sation money to be paid by the said company, for the permanent 
 damage or injury occasioned by the said railway works to such 
 pieces or parcels of land and hereditaments, and to lands and 
 property adjacent thereto, or to any part thereof respectively"]. 
 
 1205
 
 1206 RAILWAYS. 
 
 In witness whereof the said company have affixed their common 
 seal, and the said A. B. has set his hand to these presents, this 
 day of , A.D. 19 . 
 
 [The schedule above referred to.] 
 All, &c. [the description of the lands, <c.] 
 
 19. NOTICE Of INTENTION tO APPLY to TWO JUSTICES to 
 APPOINT a THIRD SURVEYOR. 
 
 To A. B. [the tenant for life, &c.~] 
 
 This is to give you notice, that C. D. and E. F., the two sur- 
 veyors who, by a certain nomination in writing, bearing date 
 the - day of - - now last past, to which the common seal of 
 [the - - Hallway Company, incorporated by the - - Railway 
 Act, 18 ], is attached, and your signature is affixed, were nomi- 
 nated for the purpose of determining by their valuation the pur- 
 chase-money or compensation [hwe shortly recite the contents of 
 the nomination], cannot agree in the valuation, to make which 
 they were nominated as aforesaid: and therefore,, the said - 
 Railway Company, in pursuance of the power for this purpose 
 given in the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, intend to 
 apply on the - - day of - - now next ensuing, to two of his 
 Majesty's justices of the peace assembled and acting together at 
 
 , to nominate a third surveyor to determine all and every the 
 
 matters by the said nomination or instrument in writing referred 
 to the determination of the said C. D. and E. F. 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19 . 
 
 (Signed) A. B., Secretary of the Railway Company. 
 
 20. NOMINATION of SURVEYOR by TWO JUSTICES to DE- 
 TERMINE COMPENSATION where SURVEYORS APPOINTED by 
 PARTIES CANNOT AGREE. 
 
 To all to whom these presents shall come, , of, &c., and , 
 
 of, &c., two of his Majesty's justices of the peace acting in and' for 
 the county of , send greeting: Whereas, by a certain appoint-
 
 VALUATION BY TWO SURVEYORS OF LANDS. 1207 
 
 merit in writing, bearing date on [recite the appointment of two 
 surveyors; ante, No. 18]; and whereas the above-mentioned C. D. 
 and E .F. cannot agree as to the amount of the purchase-money 
 or compensation to be paid for the said pieces or parcels of land, 
 whereupon application was made to us by the said - - Railway 
 Company [or, "by the said A. B."} to make such nomination 
 of a surveyor as is hereinafter expressed, which we have con- 
 sented to do: Now, therefore, bo it known, that, in pursuance 
 of and obedience to the provisions contained in the Lands Clauses 
 Consolidation Act, 1845, in this behalf, we the said justices, 
 having received proof satisfactory to us that the said C. D. and 
 E. F. cannot agree in the valuation of the said pieces or parcels of 
 land in the said hereinbefore-recited appointment, bearing date the 
 
 day of mentioned, and that due notice in writing of the 
 
 making of this application has been given by the said company 
 to the said A. B. [or, " by the said A. B. to the said company," or 
 as the case may be], do, by this writing under our respective 
 hands, nominate, , of, &c., an able practical surveyor, to de- 
 termine by his valuation the amount of [here proceed from* in 
 the precedent, No. 18, to the end]. In witness whereof we the 
 said [justices] have respectively set our hands and seals to these 
 presents, this day of - , 19 . 
 
 21. VALUATION MADE by TWO SURVEYORS of LANDS 
 TAKEN or PURCHASED from PARTIES under any DIS- 
 ABILITY. 
 
 Bo it remembered, that we, C. D. and E. F., of, &c., the two 
 surveyors who, by a nomination in writing, bearing date the 
 
 day of last, were nominated, I, the said C. D., by and on 
 
 behalf of the Railway Company, incorporated by the 
 
 Railway Act, 18 , and I, the said E. F., by and on behalf of 
 
 A. B. of , &c., the tenant for life of the lands hereinafter 
 
 described [as the case may be], to determine by our valuation the 
 purchase-money or compensation to be paid by the said company 
 for and in respect of the pieces or parcels of land hereinafter de- 
 scribed, do declare that we, the said C. D. and E. F., having valued 
 the same pieces or parcels of land [or, "and having ascertained
 
 1208 RAILWAYS. 
 
 the permanent damage which hath been and will be occasioned 
 to such lands and to adjacent lands and property belonging to 
 the said A. B. by the said railway"], are of opinion, and accord- 
 ingly by this our valuation in writing determine, that the sum 
 
 of sterling is the value and shall 'be paid by the said company 
 
 for the purchase by them in fee simple in possession, free from 
 all incumbranoes, except the land tax and tithe commutation rent- 
 charge, of the pieces or parcels of land described or referred to 
 in the schedule hereunder written, and the appurtenances to the 
 same premises belonging or in anywise appertaining [or, " and 
 
 that the sum of sterling is the compensation money, and 
 
 shall be paid by the said company for or in respect of permanent 
 damage and injury which hath been and will be occasioned to the 
 said lands and property adjacent thereto, and belonging to the 
 said A. B., by the said railway and the works thereof '"]: And 
 we do declare that this our valuation is correct. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 22. AWARD under LANDS CLAUSES ACT, by UMPIRE 
 appointed by BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I [A. B., 
 
 of - ] send greeting: 
 
 WHEREAS under and by virtue of a certain Act of Parliament, 
 intituled [ins-ert title of special Act], and of certain Acts of Par- 
 liament incorporated therewith, a certain railway company was 
 incorporated and authorised to make and maintain a railway from 
 -, in the county of - , to - , in the county of - , and 
 to purchase and take certain lands which were requisite for the 
 purposes of the said undertaking; AND WHEREAS under the powers 
 and provisions contained in the said Acts, or some or one of them, 
 the said company were authorised to purchase and take for the 
 purposes of the said undertaking, the lands hereinafter particu- 
 larly mentioned in the schedule hereunder written, and described 
 on the plan hereto annexed, and coloured green on the said plan; 
 AND WHEREAS the said C. D. and E. F. were entitled or claimed 
 to be entitled to sell and convey and release the said lands to the 
 said company under the powers and provisions contained in the 
 said Acts, some or one of them; AND WHEREAS on or about the
 
 AWARD BY UMPIRE. 
 
 day of , A.D. 19 , notice in writing was duly given to 
 
 the said C. D. and E. F., as being the owners or reputed owners 
 of the said lands, by the said company according to the provisions 
 contained in the said Acts, some or one of them, that the above- 
 mentioned lands were required to be taken and used for the pur- 
 poses of the said railway, and that the said company were willing 
 to treat for the purchase of the respective interests of them the 
 said C. D. and E. F. therein, and as to the compensation to be 
 made to them for the damage that might be sustained by them by 
 reason of the execution of the said railway works; and in and by 
 the said notice of the said company required the said C. D. and. 
 E. F. to deliver a statement in writing of the particulars of their 
 respective estates and interests in the said lands, and of the claims 
 made by them respectively in respect thereof; AND WHEREAS 
 in pursuance of the said last-mentioned notice, the said C. D. and 
 
 E. F., on or about the day of , 19 , by a statement in 
 
 writing under their hands, informed the said company, that they 
 .the said C. D. and E. F. were seised and possessed to their own 
 use and benefit of an estate in fee simple in the said lands, and 
 
 that they claimed the sum of as compensation for their 
 
 estate and interest in such lands, and for the damage they might 
 .sustain by reason of the execution of the works authorised to be 
 executed by the said Railway Acts; and they the said C. D. and 
 E. F. (the said company not having then issued their warrant 
 .to the sheriff to summon a jury in respect of the said lands) also 
 .signified their desire to the said company to have the said question 
 ^f compensation and damage settled by arbitration, conformably 
 to the directions of the said hereinbefore-mentioned Acts, some 
 .or one of them: AND WHEREAS they the said C. D. and E. F. 
 and the said company did not agree and could not agree as to the 
 .amount of compensation and damage to be paid as aforesaid, 
 neither did they the said company offer any sum of money to the 
 .said C. D. and E. F., as and for such compensation as aforesaid; 
 AND WHEREAS they the said C. D. and E. F. and the said com- 
 pany did not concur in the appointment of a single arbitrator: 
 whereupon the said railway company, in pursuance of the pro- 
 visions contained in the said Acts, some or one of them, duly 
 .nominated and appointed, in writing under the hands of two of 
 .the directors of the said company, H. J., of - -, land surveyor, 
 .to be an arbitrator to whom 'the question of such compensation 
 
 1209
 
 1210 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 as aforesaid should be referred, and requested the said C. D. and 
 E. F. also to appoint an arbitrator; AND WHEREAS the said 
 C. D. and E. F., in pursuance of the provisions contained in the 
 said Acts, some or one of them, and of the said request so made 
 as aforesaid, duly nominated and appointed, by writing under 
 their hands, K. L., of - , land surveyor, as the other arbi- 
 trator to whom the question of such compensation as aforesaid 
 should be referred; AND WHEREAS the said arbitrators, before 
 they entered into the consideration of the matters so referred to 
 them as aforesaid, duly made and subscribed, in the presence of 
 a justice duly authorised in that behalf, the declaration required 
 by the said Acts, some or one of them; AND WHEREAS the said 
 arbitrators entered upon the matters so referred to them as afore- 
 said, but did not,, in pursuance of the said Acts, some or one of 
 them, nominate and appoint an umpire to decide on any matters 
 in which they might differ, or which were referred to them as 
 aforesaid, but on the contrary they the said arbitrators altogether 
 refused to appoint an umpire within the time prescribed in the 
 said Acts, some or one of them; whereupon the said railway com- 
 pany, on or about the day of - , duly made application 
 
 in writing to the Board of Trade, requesting them to appoint an 
 umpire, in pursuance of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 
 1845, being one of the said Acts incorporated with the said Act 
 intituled [here state the title of the special Act]; and the said 
 Board thereupon, in pursuance of the said request, and of the 
 provisions contained in the said Lands Clauses Consolidation Act,. 
 1845, by writing signed by - - 'duly appointed me, the before- 
 mentioned A. B., to be the umpire in the matter of the said 
 arbitration; AND WHEREAS the said arbitrators, by reason of a 
 difference between them, failed to make their award within 
 twenty-one days after the day on which the last of the said 
 arbitrators was appointed, and no extended time was appointed 
 by them for the purpose of making their award, whereby the 
 matters referred to the said arbitrators as aforesaid, and on which 
 they so differed, duly came before me, as umpire: Now know ye 
 that I, the said A. B., having taken upon me the burthen of 
 making the said award, and having, before taking into considera- 
 tion any of the matters referred to me, duly made and subscribed, 
 in the presence of a justice duly authorised in that behalf, the 
 declaration required by the said Acts, some or one of them.
 
 AWARD BY UMPIRE. 
 
 which said declaration is hereunto annexed; and having been 
 attended [by the said arbitrators, and] by the said parties and 
 their witnesses, [and having also viewed the said lands,] and 
 having also in making this my award regarded not only the 
 value of the land to be purchased or taken as aforesaid by the 
 said company from the said C. D. and E. F., but also the damage 
 to bo sustained by them, by reason of the severing the said lands 
 taken from the other lands of the said C. D. and E. F., or other- 
 wise injuriously affecting such other lands by the exercise by 
 the said company of the powers contained in the said Acts, or 
 either of them, do make this my award in writing concerning 
 the premises, in manner and form following, that is to say, I do 
 award, decide, order and determine that the said company shall 
 
 pay the sum of for the absolute purchase of the fee simple 
 
 in possession free from incumbrances (save and except the land 
 tax and tithe commutation rent-charge) of all those pieces or 
 parcels of land particularly mentioned and described in the said 
 schedule hereunder written, and also delineated in the said plan 
 hereunto annexed, and numbered respectively 2, 3, 4, 6, &c. to 
 18, on the said plan, and coloured green; and that the further 
 sum of shall be paid by the said company as and for com- 
 pensation for all damage which will be sustained by the owners 
 of the said lands by reason of the execution of the said works, 
 and by reason of the severing of the said lands from the other 
 lands of such owners, or otherwise injuriously affecting such other 
 lands by the exercise of the powers of the said Acts. 
 
 And I, the said A. B., in pursuance of the powers contained in 
 the said Acts, some or one of them, do hereby declare that I have 
 settled the costs of the said C. D. and E. F. incident to this 
 
 arbitration at the sum of , and the costs of and incident to 
 
 my umpirage and award at the sum of , which said sums 
 
 are to be paid by [as the case may be] (e). Witness my hand and 
 seal this day of , in the year of our Lord 19 . 
 
 (e) The costs may be awarded by a separate document. 
 
 1211 
 
 B. VOL. II. 23
 
 1212 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 Recitals : 
 of agreement 
 for sale 
 of lands 
 to company ; 
 
 of conveyance 
 to company ; 
 
 of agreement 
 to execute 
 works, &c. 
 
 23. AGREEMENT by a RAILWAY COMPANY to execute 
 WORKS -for the ACCOMMODATION of the OWNER of LANDS 
 adjoining the RAILWAY. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19- 
 
 Interpretation 
 clause. 
 
 To make and 
 maintain 
 roads, yates 
 and culverts. 
 
 BETWEEN the X. and Y. Railway Company, of the one part, 
 and A. B., of, &c. (hereinafter described as the owner), of the 
 other part: WHEREAS the owner is seised of or otherwise entitled 
 for an estate in fee simple in possession to (amongst other here- 
 ditaments) the several pieces of land and hereditaments described 
 in the schedule hereunder written, which being required by 
 the company for the purposes of their works were recently agreed 
 to be purchased by them free from incumbrances at the price 
 
 of : AND WHEREAS by an indenture bearing even date with, 
 
 but to be executed after, this agreement the said pieces of land 
 and premises are intended to be conveyed unto and to the use of 
 the company, their successors and assigns: AND WHEREAS upon 
 the treaty for the said purchase it was agreed that the company 
 should make the payments and execute the several accommodation 
 and other works hereinafter mentioned respectively, and should 
 enter into the stipulations hereinafter contained and on their part 
 to be observed and performed: NOW THIS INDENTURE 
 WITNESSETH, and it is hereby agreed and declared, and the 
 company do hereby for themselves, their successors and assigns 
 (so far as relates to the stipulations on their part to be observed 
 and performed), covenant with the owner in manner following, 
 that is to say: 
 
 1. In this agreement the term "owner" includes the owner 
 and his heirs and assigns, and the term " the company " includes 
 the X, and Y. Railway Company and their successors and assigns. 
 
 2. The company shall previously to the opening for traffic of 
 the said intended railway, or any part thereof, make and for ever 
 after the making thereof, maintain fit for the convenient passage 
 thereover respectively of agricultural waggons and carriages, such 
 roadways or paths each of the width of ten feet at the least, 
 with such culverts and works thereunder respectively as are next 
 hereinafter mentioned or referred to [describe these worlcs in 
 detail]: And also shall at their own cost make, and for ever 
 maintain in good and sufficient repair and condition, suitable 
 gates, each of sufficient width for the passage of agricultural
 
 AGREEMENT FOR ACCOMMODATION WORKS. 1213 
 
 "waggons and carriages, over or upon all the several roadways or 
 paths hereinbefore mentioned: and also shall at the like cost make, 
 and in like manner maintain in good and sufficient repair, culverts, 
 tunnels, and other necessary works under the said several road- 
 ways or paths, so as that the same respectively shall not in any way 
 interfere with, hinder or obstruct the free passage of water through 
 the several drains or ditches over which the same roadways or 
 paths shall respectively pass as aforesaid. 
 
 3. The company shall make, and for ever after the making To make 
 thereof, maintain and keep open two main drains to be made jjrains amtam 
 parallel with and adjoining to the said intended railway, the one 
 
 on the eastern and the other on the western side thereof, so that 
 an effectual watercourse may be maintained and continued along 
 the said intended railway for such distance as the same shall 
 pass through or adjoin upon lands belonging to the owners. 
 
 4. The company shall make, and for ever after the making To make and 
 thereof, respectively maintain and keep in good repair for the t^umek! 1 
 purpose of carrying off the water from such of the lands lying 
 adjacent to the said pieces or parcels of land described or referred 
 
 to in the said schedule to these presents, as are situate on the 
 eastern side of the said intended railway, a circular tunnel under 
 the same railway of the width or diameter throughout of 
 feet at the least, to run between the pieces of land first and 
 secondly described in the said schedule, and to be in the same 
 position and direction as nearly as circumstances will permit as 
 is the drain or ditch which now separates the same pieces of land 
 respectively the one from the other, which position and direction 
 are delineated in the plan drawn in the margin of these presents 
 by a line or mark coloured blue. 
 
 5. The company shall make, and for ever after the making To make and 
 thereof, respectively repair and maintain fit for use and suitable crossings. 
 for the passage thereover respectively of agricultural waggons 
 
 and carriages, the several passages or crossings, each of the width 
 of ten feet, over or across the said intended railway and the works 
 thereof next hereinafter mentioned (that is to say): First, one 
 such passage or crossing over or upon the piece of land firstly 
 described in the schedule hereunder written, at the northern end 
 thereof and immediately adjoining to the station which is in- 
 tended to be erected and built by the said company on land lying 
 on the eastern side of the same piece of land, which said passage 
 
 23 (2)
 
 1214 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 The company 
 not 
 
 cotnpellable to 
 make further 
 accommoda- 
 tion works. 
 
 How works 
 to be 
 completed. 
 
 or crossing is delineated in the said plan drawn in the margin of 
 these presents by a line coloured red [describe in a similar manner 
 the other crossings]. 
 
 6. The company shall not, by reason of the purchase by theia 
 of the pieces of land and hereditaments respectively described 
 in the said schedule hereunder written, be liable or oompellable 
 by virtue of the Eailways Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, or 
 otherwise howsoever, to make, construct, or erect for the accommo- 
 dation of the owner any works whatsoever, other than those herein- 
 before agreed to be made by them. 
 
 7. All the works hereinbefore agreed to be made by the com- 
 pany shall be executed by them and at their own cost, to the satis- 
 faction of Mr. , of, &c., or other the surveyor for the time 
 
 being of the owner, and shall be completed within months 
 
 from the date of this agreement. 
 
 As WITNESS, &c. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 24. AGREEMENT for the CONSTRUCTION of a RAIL WAI- 
 STATION and LINE. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE of Contract, made the - - day of ,. 
 
 19 , BETWEEN A. B. and C. D., carrying on business as builders 
 
 and contractors, under the name or firm of and Company, 
 
 at , in the county of (who are hereinafter referred to as 
 
 the contractors), of the one part, and the Railway Company, 
 
 incorporated by an Act of Parliament passed in the - - and 
 
 years of the reign of her Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled 
 
 " The Railway Act, 18 " (and who are hereinafter re- 
 Recitals: f erred to as the company), of the other part. WHEREAS the com- 
 of intention of pany, acting under the authorities vested in them by " The - 
 make station, Railway Act, 18 ," and by certain public Acts incorporated 
 
 lines, &c. ; 
 
 therewith, are authorised to make and maintain, and contemplate 
 making and maintaining the following railways, with all proper 
 stations, approaches, works, and conveniences connected therewith,, 
 respectively, that is to say: 
 
 1. A railway (hereinafter called railway No. 1) commencing 
 
 at or near X., and terminating at or near Y. 
 
 2. A railway (hereinafter called railway No. 2), &c.
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION. -!> 
 
 And particularly a new terminal station; AND WHEREAS the of general 
 contract intended to be effected by these presents comprises the agreement * 
 construction, and maintenance for a period of one year after com- 
 pletion, of the railways and works authorised by the - Rail- 
 way Act, 18 , and hereinbefore mentioned, or such number or 
 parts of the said railways and works as the engineer of the com- 
 pany may from time to time determine to have executed under 
 this contract, and under the powers of the said Act, and the 
 same contract also comprises such other or additional works as 
 may be required by the said engineer, to complete for public use 
 the railways and works hereinbefore mentioned, or such number 
 or parts thereof as the said engineer may determine to have 
 executed under this contract, and to carry into effect any agree- 
 ments with landlords and others, which the company has entered 
 into, or may hereafter enter into, as well as the various clauses 
 and provisions of the said Act; AND WHEREAS the principal that intended 
 general features of the works are, or will be, stated in the specifi- ^ated In* 
 cations hereunder written and in subsequent specifications, and specifications; 
 also in the drawings and instructions to be issued by the engineer 
 from time to time; AND WHEREAS the contractors have proposed that 
 to the company to execute the aforesaid works, matters, and things 
 
 upon the terms and conditions hereinafter mentioned, and the to execute the 
 
 company having accepted such proposal, the parties hereto have 
 
 agreed to enter into these presents for that purpose accordingly; 
 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that in considera- Agreement. 
 
 tion of the payments to be made in cash or otherwise as herein- 
 
 after provided for, and of the covenants hereinafter contained on 
 
 the part of the company, the contractors hereby do jointly and as 
 
 separate covenants each of them doth covenant and agree with the 
 
 said company in manner following, viz.: That they, the con- 
 
 tractors, shall and will in a good and workmanlike manner, to 
 
 the entire satisfaction of the company's engineer, construct, 
 
 execute, complete, and maintain the railways, works, matters- 
 
 and things hereinbefore mentioned and also described or 
 
 mentioned or to be described or mentioned in the said speci- 
 
 fications and plans hereinbefore referred to, and shall and will 
 
 duly execute and construct, complete, and maintain all the works, 
 
 and find and provide all the plant, materials, labour, matter, and 
 
 things of and relating to the said intended railways and works, 
 
 in the manner, within the time, and subject to the terms and
 
 1216 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Contractors to 
 execute works 
 and provide 
 plant, &<:. 
 
 Contractors, 
 with consent 
 of engineer, 
 may avail 
 themselves of 
 statutory 
 powers 
 of company. 
 
 As to lands 
 required for 
 execution of 
 works, &c. 
 
 Contractors to 
 arrange with 
 owners of 
 property, &c. 
 and indemnify 
 company 
 from claims. 
 
 conditions, and for the considerations hereafter expressed, that is- 
 to say: 
 
 1. The contractors shall execute, construct, complete, and main- 
 tain all the works, and find and provide all the plant, materials, 
 labour, matters, and things comprised in this contract, and in 
 accordance with the terms, conditions, stipulations, and provisions 
 of these presents, and of the specifications hereunder written, or 
 of any drawings, instructions, or subsequent specifications to be 
 issued by the engineer from time to time, and for the considera- 
 tions expressed and set forth in these presents and in the schedule 
 of prices hereunder written; And all plant, materials, matters, 
 and things used or procured by the contractors for the purpose of 
 this contract, and brought or left upon or near to the site of the 
 said works, shall become and be considered as the property of the 
 company for the purposes of the said works and undertaking, and 
 shall not be removed, taken away, disposed of, or returned, to- 
 the contractors, unless with the consent in writing of the engineer; 
 but tho company shall not be answerable for any loss or damage 
 thereto. 
 
 2. The contractors shall, in the execution of the works, be 
 allowed to avail themselves of the company's Acts of Parliament, 
 as far as they are applicable to the due and proper execution 
 of the works: But, in all cases, the contractors shall previously 
 apply for and receive the sanction in writing of the engineer,, 
 and shall obtain from the company all necessary and proper notices 
 for the execution of any such powers. 
 
 3. The land required for the site of the works shall be provided 
 by the company, but tho contractors shall, at their own cost, 
 provide all the land required for temporary purposes, or for 
 depositing the materials excavated from the foundations and site 
 of the works; and, in order to obtain this, they may, at their own. 
 cost, use the powers of tho company's Acts of Parliament; but 
 the situation of the land required for such purposes must be to- 
 the entire satisfaction of the engineer. 
 
 4. The contractors shall also make definite arrangements with 
 the owners of property in respect of all land or property taken,, 
 used, or entered upon, for any temporary purposes, and shall pay 
 all damages, compensation, and purchase or other money that may 
 become payable in respect thereof, or in respect of trespass; and 
 subject, as hereinafter is mentioned, in respect of injury to adjoin-
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 ing or contiguous properties, or in respect of the use for such 
 temporary purposes as aforesaid of the company's Acts of Parlia- 
 ment; and shall indemnify the company therefrom, and from all 
 claims and demands on account thereof; and if the company shall 
 bo called upon to pay any such moneys, the sums so paid, or 
 which the company shall be liable to pay, shall be charged to the 
 contractors, as so much money paid to or on account of the 
 contractors. 
 
 5. The contractors shall not sell, or otherwise dispose of, or Contractors 
 remove, except for the purposes of this contract, or in the manner "and^&c 
 hereafter provided for, any sand, clay, soil, or other materials 
 
 of any kind or description whatsoever, which may be obtained 
 from the excavations or embankments, or from any lands in the 
 possession of the company. 
 
 6. All buildings, erections, works, materials, trees, timber, and Contractors 
 other produce now upon the site of the works shall be the property t < ^Df I / r & & c 
 of the company ; and as many of them as it may be necessary to removed for 
 take down and remove for the execution of the works, shall be oTXTworks; 
 taken down and removed from the works and property of the 
 company by the contractors, and they shall take the same as their 
 property, and shall pay or allow to the company for the same such 
 
 sum of money as shall be decided by valuation to be the value 
 thereof, after taking into account the costs and expenses to the 
 contractors of pulling down and removing the same; or, in case of 
 difference, as shall be determined by arbitration in manner here- 
 inafter provided. 
 
 7. The contractor shall at all times during the term of this to keep clear 
 contract keep free from obstruction the passage of streets, roads, ^ ^jj &c . 
 public footpaths, canals, rivers, and other communications. 
 
 8 . The contractors shall guarantee the stability of every part to be 
 of the works they execute, and shall be responsible for any damage 
 
 or inconvenience that may arise to the public authorities, or to damage, &c. 
 the owners or occupiers of land, or any other parties whose ^h, ; J 
 interests may be affected by reason of any of the works herein 
 contracted for, while in progress, and for twelve months after their 
 satisfactory completion, or by reason of delays in the commence- 
 ment of or completion of such works. 
 
 9. The contractors shall in all cases strictly adhere to and ob- to observe 
 serve and perform all and singular the clauses, stipulations, and provisions in 
 provisions in any present or future Act of Parliament relating construction
 
 1218 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 adjoining 
 parties. 
 
 to the railways or affecting the execution of the works hereby 
 contracted for, or to any agreement that the company has entered 
 or may hereafter enter into with landowners or others, whose 
 interests may be affected by the works, so far as relates to such 
 execution; and the contractors shall be responsible for all claims 
 to be made upon or against the company, arising out of or owing 
 to any infringement or neglect of or non-compliance with such 
 conditions, clauses, stipulations, provisions, or agreements, and 
 in case of the contractors refusing or neglecting to pay or to satisfy 
 such claims, the engineer shall have full power to direct the com- 
 pany to pay or satisfy such claims, and to charge the amount 
 thereof and all costs, charges, and expenses attending the same 
 to the contractors, as so much money paid to them on account of 
 their contract. 
 
 to make good 10. The contractors shall also be liable for, and shall make 
 gd any damage or injury to streets and roads, whether public 
 or private, and to contiguous or adjoining lands, buildings, or 
 property, and to sewers, drains, culverts, water and gas mains, 
 pipes, telegraphs, &c., occasioned by the acts or defaults of them- 
 selves, their agents, servants, or workmen, or from any cause what- 
 ever contingent upon the execution of their works done or omitted 
 by themselves for their own purposes as contractors, and shall take 
 upon themselves any liability of the company to compensate 
 owners and occupiers of buildings and land for temporary damage, 
 and shall pay the costs of all suits and trials which may arise from 
 these causes; But this shall not include any compensation which 
 in the ordinary course will be payable by the company for the 
 injuries affecting lands, buildings, or other property, such as the 
 interference with light, water, &c., not occasioned by the acts or 
 defaults of the contractors, or their agents or servants, as such 
 contractors. 
 
 11. And it is expressly declared that no addition to the prices 
 set forth in the schedule of prices shall be made in consequence of 
 any increase that may be made in the temporary works which 
 may be considered requisite during the progress of the works, 
 whether for the better or more convenient execution thereof, or 
 for preventing damage or accidents; that if in the execution of 
 the permanent works it shall appear expedient to the engineer 
 to omit any of them or to add any others to them, or to make 
 any additions to or deductions from, or alteration in them, or the 
 
 Schedule 
 of prices.
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION. 1 * 
 
 depths, dimensions, or sizes specified, or any alteration in the 
 materials specified, such alteration and changes, if authorised in 
 writing by the engineer, but not otherwise, shall be made by the 
 contractors, subject as herein mentioned; but such additions, 
 deductions, or alteration shall not render void or in any respect 
 vitiate this contract. 
 
 12. All boarding, temporary fences, boards, gates, and other Maintenance 
 provisions for the prevention of trespass and injury while the fence^&c" 7 
 works are in progress shall be made to the satisfaction of the during 
 engineer by the contractors, who shall likewise be responsible O f works, 
 for all damage caused by the want of such precautions; the con- 
 tractors shall also maintain all such watchmen, lights, and other 
 precautions as may be deemed necessary and expedient by the 
 engineer or the local authorities, for the security of life and pro- 
 perty, and for the convenience and safety of the works; and it 
 
 is hereby expressly agreed that in all cases where claims are made 
 for damages done by the contractors, or their servants or work- 
 men in carrying this contract into execution, for which claims 
 the contractors Avill be liable as between themselves and the com- 
 pany under the provisions hereinbefore contained, and the con- 
 tractors do not forthwith discharge the same, the engineer may, 
 when such claims appear to him to be reasonable, direct the com- 
 pany to pay the same on account of the contractors. 
 
 13. The contractors shall also maintain the permanent fencing Maintenance 
 of every kind in good order, and shall prevent trespass on, to, or 
 between lands adjacent to the works during the progress of the 
 
 -works, and for one year after the same are completed, and shall 
 make good any loss or damage that may arise in consequence of 
 their not so doing. 
 
 14. The contractors shall, if (required, furnish the engineer with Statement of 
 a statement of the arrangement they propose to adopt for the arrangements 
 execution of this contract, and if the engineer shall consider any to ^ )e - tt ^ dta 
 -alteration in the same desirable, the contractors shall be bound to engineer, 
 conform thereto. 
 
 15. The contractors shall, at the cost of the company, pro- Police, 
 -vide suitable policemen when it may be so ordered by the public 
 authorities or if and whenever directed by the engineer so to do, 
 
 for the protection of their own property, or that of the adjacent 
 inhabitants, or the public interest.
 
 1220 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Workmen's 
 cottages. 
 
 Drawings to 
 show 
 
 dimensions of 
 works. 
 
 As to 
 
 discrepancies 
 in drawings. 
 
 Company not 
 to be 
 
 responsible for 
 accuracy 
 of statements 
 or plans. 
 
 Deviations 
 from plant* 
 and 
 
 specifications 
 not to be 
 made without 
 engineer's 
 consent. 
 
 16. The contractors shall, at their owii expense, erect such tem- 
 porary cottages and conveniences, to be approved by the engineer, 
 as may be necessary for the accommodation of the workmen and 
 their families during the execution of the works, and shall also 
 provide such offices as may be directed by the engineer for the 
 use of the engineers or inspectors of the lines; and at the ter- 
 mination of their contract, or at such times as the engineer may 
 think fit, they shall take down and remove from the works or the 
 adjacent property such cottages or offices, the materials to be the 
 property of the contractors. 
 
 17. The dimensions of the brickwork, masonry, wrought and 
 cast-iron work, wood-work, and other works of every description, 
 shall be marked upon the drawings; the lengths and levels of the 
 ground, depths of foundation, thickness, size and dimensions of 
 the works shall be also shown upon the drawings, and the con- 
 tractors in the execution of the works, unless they have written 
 instructions from the engineer to do so, shall not exceed the- 
 depths and dimensions shown therein, and should they do so, they 
 shall not be paid for any increased quantity of work that may 
 be caused thereby. 
 
 18. In case of any discrepancy in the drawings between the 
 figured dimensions and the measurement taken from the respec- 
 tive scales, the former shall, unless in obvious cases of clerical 
 error, in all cases be considered as correct and binding upon the 
 contractors; also the drawings to larger scales shall be taken as 
 more correct than those to smaller scales, and the contractors shall 
 work to such detailed drawings or instructions as may from time 
 to time be given them by the engineer. 
 
 19. The centre lines of the railways, and the extent of laud 
 bought or to be bought by the company, has been or will be stated 
 where possible; but the company shall not be responsible for the 
 accuracy thereof, nor shall they be responsible for the plans show- 
 ing the surface of the ground. The contractors shall set out the 
 works in conformity with the provisions of this contract and the 
 Act of Parliament authorising their formation. 
 
 20. The whole of the works herein contracted for shall be 
 executed precisely as shall be shown upon the drawings, and 
 described in the specifications hereafter mentioned, and in any 
 subsequent specifications or instructions which may be given from 
 time to time to the contractors, and shall not in any case be-
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 1221 
 
 altered or deviated from without the authority in writing from 
 tho engineer. 
 
 21 . The contractors shall not absent themselves from the works Contractors to 
 without having a fully authenticated and competent agent to act and not to 
 
 in their stead, nor assign or sub-let the whole or any paH of the assign, &c. 
 
 . . ... contract 
 
 \\orks herein contracted for without the previous sanction in writ- without 
 
 ing of the engineer, and no sub-contract or assignment of the consent - 
 said contractors shall exonerate the contractors from their liability 
 for the due performance of the contract. 
 
 22. The contractors shall at their own expense provide the whole Contrators to 
 of the materials of every description (except those hereinafter 1 Materials, &c.' 
 specified to be provided by the company), together with all the 
 machinery, plant, engines, pumps, scaffolding, centre-tools, and 
 implements of every kind and description whatsoever, both per- 
 manent and temporary, for the due and expeditious commencement, 
 prosecution, and completion of the works to be included in this 
 contract, the whole to be finished in a most perfect and work- 
 manlike manner, with good and approved materials, under the 
 direction and superintendence and to the entire satisfaction of the 
 companj^'s engineer. 
 
 23. The works are from the commencement to be carried on Conduct 
 with such degree of despatch as in the opinion of the engineer of works - 
 shall be proportioned to the time within which the whole is ex- 
 pected to be executed; and in case the contractors shall not com- 
 mence the works at the proper time, or shall not continue them 
 
 with reasonable despatch (possession of the land o.r such portions 
 thereof as in the judgment of the engineer shall from time to 
 time be required to be given, having been first given to the con- 
 tractors), or in case the contractors shall not provide good and 
 sufficient materials, or shall not employ as man}' suitable men, 
 horses, engines, waggons, barrows, temporary rails and sleepers, 
 and all other plant and materials, and such number of fully 
 authorised, experienced and fit agents and overlookers as are in 
 the opinion of the engineer required for the efficient and expedi- 
 tious conduct of the works, or shall not conduct and execute the 
 works to the satisfaction of the engineer, then and in any such 
 cases, upon notice of complaint signed by the engineer being given 
 to the contractors, and if upon such notice they do not proceed 
 in the execution of the contract and with such despatch as afore- 
 said, or do not supply such good and sufficient materials as afore-
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 said, or remove any work or men, horses or plant of every kind, or 
 agent or overlooker complained of, or if they shall wilfully make 
 
 On default of , f ,. . , . ' ... .. ,- c , 
 
 contractors default in any respect in proceeding with the execution of the 
 ompany may works in a manner satisfactory to the engineer, the company shall 
 the works. have full power, by fourteen days' notice in writing, under the 
 hand of the secretary or engineer, to remove the contractors from 
 the further execution of the whole or any part of the works, and 
 thereupon to employ any other person or persons to complete the 
 sumo, and in the event of the company removing the contractors 
 from the execution of the whole or any part of the works, then the 
 company shall have full power, if they think fit, by themselves, 
 their agents, servants, or other persons authorised by them to 
 take possession of and hold all or any part of the contractors' 
 materials, and all or any part of their waggons, horses, tools, 
 implements and plant which may then be in or upon or near 
 the works, or employed in or about the same, and to keep and 
 employ the same, and any others they may find necessary in the 
 further execution of the works or any part thereof, until the 
 completion of the said works or for a less period, at the end of 
 which time their waggons, horses and tools, implements, and 
 plant, or such portion thereof as shall then be in existence, and 
 not further retained as collateral security as hereinafter men- 
 tioned, shall be returned to the contractors (but without any com- 
 pensation for the use thereof, or the reasonable wear and tear 
 in the meantime), and as to such of the said waggons, horses, 
 tools, implements or plant, as shall then remain in the possession of 
 the company, the same or any part thereof may be further retained 
 by the company, if they shall think fit so to do, until the final 
 settlement between the company and the contractors in respect of 
 the matters and works executed and left unexecuted by them 
 under their contract, and as a collateral security to the company 
 for the payment of any sum of money which may ultimately be 
 found due from the contractors, and in all cases the costs attending 
 euch measures shall be borne by the contractors, and the com- 
 pany shall be entitled to deduct any extra expense they may have 
 incurred from any moneys owing to the contractors, or from 
 the proceeds of the sale of any part of the materials which the 
 company under the circumstances may possess themselves of, and 
 in default thereof they may sue the contractors or their sureties in 
 any of His Majesty's courts of law.
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 24. The company shall provide the rails, chairs, and sleepers, Permanent 
 and fish-plates, and the contractors shall find the whole of the 
 remainder of the permanent way and materials and all labour 
 necessary for the efficient laying of the permanent way, sidings, 
 
 and other works hereby agreed to be executed by them, and the 
 company shall have the power to reject any rails or other materials 
 which may be damaged after being delivered to the contractors, and 
 such rails or other materials shall be replaced by the contractors 
 with new materials of equal quality to be approved by 
 the engineer. 
 
 25 . The company shall deliver the rails, and other materials Delivery of 
 to be provided by them as aforesaid, free to the contractors at raa f' *? to 
 
 r f J \ contractors. 
 
 any goods station on their existing line which they may select; 
 and the contractors shall take delivery of such materials at the 
 stations they may select, and sign a receipt for them, and shall 
 remove them thence to and along the works at their own costs, 
 carefully stacking them in such places as may be convenient, until 
 they are required for laying the permanent way; and they shall 
 be responsible for any loss or damage to the rails and such other 
 materials so delivered to them as aforesaid. 
 
 26. The workmen employed by the contractors in this con- Payment 
 tract shall be paid in cash at least once every fortnight, in an 
 office or offices to be erected for this purpose. 
 
 27. The contractors shall complete the whole of the works in Time for 
 this contract ready in all respects for opening the railways on wor ks. 
 or before the expiration of three years from the date of this con- 
 tract, and the contractors shall pay to the company the sum of Penalty. 
 500L a week for every week's delay in so completing the works for 
 public use, such weekly sum to be paid and recovered as and for 
 liquidated damages, and not in the way of penalty, and the com- 
 pany shall be at liberty to deduct or set off the same from or 
 against any moneys to be paid by them under this contract. 
 
 28. No work shall be considered as completed according to Acceptance of 
 the contract unless accepted in writing by the engineer. engineer. 
 
 29. The contractors will provide at their own expense copies Copies of 
 
 of the drawings and specifications which shall be required by them f^ 1 "*^*^ 
 for the use of themselves, their agents, or workmen. bycontrac- 
 
 30. The contractors shall be paid for the works done in manner J 
 
 i f Settlement of 
 
 hereafter provided for, and in the event of the drawings or speci- disputes by 
 fications defining any work or finishings not mentioned or referred
 
 1224 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Measurement 
 of works 
 while in. 
 progress. 
 
 In case of 
 dispute as to 
 measure- 
 ments 
 engineer's 
 decision to be 
 final. 
 
 Payments 
 to contractors 
 as works 
 -advance. 
 
 to in the schedule of prices, or in case of the contractors being 
 lawfully required or necessarily obliged to execute any work not 
 mentioned or provided for in the schedule, and such work being 
 extended with the sanction of the engineer, the price to be paid by 
 the company for such work shall be settled or agreed on between 
 the engineer and the contractors, and should they be unable to 
 agree thereon such prices shall be settled by arbitration under the 
 provisions for arbitration hereafter contained; and in -Any such 
 arbitration, so far as the same may relate to the prices to be paid 
 for the division or removal of gas or water mains and pipes (other 
 than service pipes), the arbitrators shall in fixing such prices have 
 regard to and take into account any risks or contingencies which 
 the contractors may incur or have incurred in or consequent upon 
 such division or removal. , 
 
 31. The works, as they proceed, shall be measured every month, 
 in such manner, and by such persons as the engineer may de- 
 termine upon and appoint, and the quantity of work done ascer- 
 tained; and any assistance which the engineer may require for 
 measurement taken on the ground, and all stakes, poles, and other 
 articles which may, in the engineer's opinion, be required for 
 setting out or taking measurements of the works, or any other 
 cause whatever, shall be found by the contractors. 
 
 32. The contractors shall be at liberty to send their agents, 
 with the company's measurer, in order, if practicable, that they 
 may agree to the measurements; should the contractors neglect 
 or omit to send such agents, or should no agreement in the measure- 
 ments be come to, then the measurements of the company's 
 measurer shall be accepted; or in the event of any disagreement 
 as to the measurements, the decision of the engineer shall be final 
 and conclusive. 
 
 33.. The payments to be made by the company to the con- 
 tractors in respect of this contract shall be made in such pro- 
 portion as the engineer shall consider the works to have advanced, 
 and the amount of such payments shall be ascertained and calcu- 
 lated in manner herein provided, and according to the schedule of 
 prices, and shall be made in cash, except as hereafter provided, 
 upon certificates signed by the engineer ; which certificates 
 the company hereby agree that the engineer shall regularly make 
 and give. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that 51. per cent, of each pay- 
 ment shall be retained by the company as a guarantee fund,
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION. 1225 
 
 until such retentions shall amount to the sum of 30,000t., after 
 which the full amount of the certificates shall be paid to the con- 
 tractors. 
 
 34. The guarantee fund shall be applied in or towards making Guarantee 
 good any defect or unsoundness which shall be certified by the 
 engineer as existing in the said railways, works or undertakings, 
 
 or the material used in the formation or construction thereof, and 
 any default or neglect of the contractors in relation to> the premises, 
 and also in making good any breach of covenant on their part; 
 but subject as aforesaid, one-half of the amount of the percentage 
 which shall have been retained to form such guarantee fund (but 
 without any interest or other income in respect of such percent- 
 age), shall, when the engineer has certified that the said railway, 
 works, and undertakings are complete, and the same shall have 
 been delivered over to the company, be paid in cash, except as 
 is hereinafter provided, by the company to the contractors; and 
 the other half thereof shall continue as a guarantee for the purposes 
 aforesaid, until twelve calendar months from the date of such 
 certificate of completion, and until a certificate shall have been 
 signed by the engineer of the due and proper maintenance of 
 the railways, undertakings, and works, during such period of 
 twelve calendar months as aforesaid, and of the first acceptance 
 of the railways and works under this contract, when such other 
 half of this guarantee fund, or of the surplus thereof, if any, as 
 aforesaid, shall be paid to the contractors in cash, except as is 
 hereinafter provided. 
 
 35. The company shall give all notices necessary to be given Company 
 to all public or local bodies or companies, or to any other person 
 
 or persons whomsoever, and shall do all acts of the like kind notices, 
 which shall be necessary in order to the commencement or prose- 
 cution of any of the works hereby contracted for, other than such 
 as may be required by the contractors for temporary purposes, 
 and the company shall use their best endeavours to procure the 
 consent or approval of any such bodies, companies, person or 
 persons, and all expenses incurred for and in the giving of such 
 notices or obtaining such consent or approval, or consequent thereon 
 or in order to the compliance with any condition of such consent 
 or approval shall be borne and paid by the company; and in 
 case by reason of the not giving of such notice or notices or not 
 doing such acts as aforesaid, or in case of any other obstruction to
 
 1 226 RAILWAYS. 
 
 the progress of the works occasioned by the acts or defaults of" 
 the company in these respects, any delay in the progress or com- 
 pletion .of the works shall arise or be occasioned, then the time- 
 of such delay shall be added to the time agreed on for the com- 
 pletion of the works without prejudice to any claim to compen- 
 sation for damage, if any, sustained by the contractors by reason of 
 such delay. 
 
 Company may 36. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that it shall be lawful for the com- 
 P anv > U P 011 giving f rom time to time one calendar month's previous 
 
 to contractors notice in writing of such their intention, to issue or transfer to- 
 the contractors in lieu of any sum not exceeding in the whole one- 
 half the amount of any cash payment then due and to be made to 
 the contractors, 51. per cent, stock of the company, and the last 
 payment for the time being represented by stock in the hands of 
 the contractors by virtue of such issue or transfer shall carry 
 interest at the rate of 51. per cent, per annum as against the 
 company for the time in respect of such stock being issued or 
 transferred until such stock shall be realised, and the dividends 
 on such stock shall belong to the company: And the contractors 
 shall from time to time be at liberty at their discretion to realise 
 such stock, and give credit for the net proceeds thereof, and thel 
 difference between such net proceeds and the cash payments repre- 
 sented by the stock so realised shall be adjusted in the accounts 
 of the company and the contractors on the occasion of the next 
 certificate following each realisation: And at the time prescribed 
 for payment to the contractors of the first instalment of the 
 guarantee fund, such stock as shall then remain unrealised shall 
 be realised, and a final adjustment of accounts, except as to the 
 guarantee fund, shall be made, and the balance paid in cash: 
 And as to the guarantee fund the company shall be at liberty, 
 when and as the same shall be payable, to pay without previous 
 notice one-half thereof in cash and the other half thereof in such 
 stock as aforesaid at the market price of the day. 
 
 37 ' Tho contractors on the execution of these presents shall 
 enter into and execute a joint and several bond (of which a 
 copy has been submitted to and approved of by the contractors) 
 in the penal sum of 50,OOOL, for the due execution of and per- 
 formance of all the works, matters, things, and presents aforesaid, 
 and the completion thereof, in the manner and subject as afore- 
 said.
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT. 1227 
 
 38., The matters herein referred to and specified as being in Arbitration, 
 case of difference subject to settlement by arbitration shall, in 
 case the necessity for such arbitration shall arise, be referred to 1 
 
 A. B. of , and him failing, to an engineer, to be nominated by 
 
 the President of the Institution of Civil Engineers., 
 
 IN WITNESS whereof the contractors have hereunto set .their 
 hands and seals, and the company have caused their common seal 
 to be affixed the day and year first above referred to. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO. 
 
 25. AGREEMENT by a RAILWAY COMPANY for the WORK- 
 ING, MANAGEMENT, MAINTENANCE, and REPAIRS of a 
 RAILWAY belonging to ANOTHER COMPANY. 
 
 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT made the - - day of , 
 
 19 , BETWEEN the L. B. and W. Railway Company (hereinafter Parties, 
 called the L. Company), of the one part, and the M. W. Rail- 
 way Company (hereinafter called the M. Company), of the other 
 part. WHEREAS by the L. B. and W. Act, 19 , with which the Recitals: 
 Railway Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, is incorporated, and by Power of I*. 
 which the L. Company was incorporated, the L. Company is ral^capital 
 authorised to raise a capital of 300,000?. by shares, and to borrow an< * * ^ ak ? 
 
 and maintain) 
 
 on mortgage a sum not exceeding 125,000?., and to make and line, 
 maintain the L. B. and W. Railway, commencing by a junction in 
 the parish of B. with the M. W. Railway, and terminating by a 
 
 junction in the parish of D. with the Railway; AND 
 
 WHEREAS the said L. Company and the M. Company (hereinafter Powers of 
 called the two companies) are authorised from time to time to tnetwo . 
 
 companies to- 
 
 enter into contracts or arrangements with respect to the following enter into 
 purposes or any of them (that is to say) the working, manage- 
 ment, maintenance, and repair of the L. Company's railway, and 
 the collection, conveyance, and conduct of the traffic thereof and 
 the supply of any rolling or working stock, or of any officers or 
 servants required for such purposes, the fixing and bringing of 
 the tolls, rates, and charges, arising on the L. Company's rail- 
 way or on any part thereof, the division between the two com- 
 panies of the receipts arising from the traffic upon the L. 
 Company's railway, or which might have been conveyed on tho 
 B. VOL. ii. 24
 
 1228 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Of this 
 agreement 
 having been 
 duly submit- 
 ted to and 
 approved by 
 general 
 meetings of 
 the respective 
 companies. 
 
 Agreement. 
 
 Interpretation 
 of terms. 
 
 " The L. 
 Railway;" 
 
 :traffic;" 
 
 "debenture 
 debt;" 
 
 "paid-up 
 oapital." 
 
 same, and the payments to be made respectively by one company 
 to the other with respect to any of those matters; A : ND WHEREAS 
 the convenience of the public and the interest of the two companies, 
 respectively, would be promoted by the working by the M. Com- 
 pany of the railway of the L. Company in connection with the 
 railways of the M. Company, and the two companies have de- 
 termined to enter into and execute these presents by way of 
 agreement as hereinafter appearing; AND WHEREAS these presents 
 have been submitted to and approved by not less than three-fifths 
 of the votes of the shareholders present, personally or by proxy, 
 at extraordinary meetings of the respective companies, parties 
 to this agreement, specially convened for the purpose, the extra- 
 ordinary meeting of the L. Company for the purpose having 
 been held on the twenty-seventh and by adjournment on the 
 thirtieth day of May, one thousand nine hundred and - > and 
 the extraordinary meeting of the M. Company for the purpose 
 having been held on the twenty-third and by adjournment on the 
 
 thirtieth day of May, one thousand nine hundred and . NOW 
 
 THEREFORE THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is 
 hereby mutually agreed by and between the L. Company and the 
 M. Company as follows (that is to say): 
 
 1. The expression "the L. Railway," wherever hereinafter 
 employed, means and includes the L. B. and W. Railway as 
 authorised by the recited Act; and the sidings, stations, works, 
 and conveniences connected therewith, and those works and con- 
 veniences respectively include all works and conveniences for land- 
 owners and others which under Act of Parliament or contract the 
 L. Company are already or hereafter shall be bound to make. 
 
 2. The word " traffic," wherever hereafter employed, means and 
 includes all passengers, small parcel, animal, goods, mineral and 
 other traffic whatsoever, whether local or through, and also all 
 troops, police and mails to be conveyed by the M. Company on 
 the L. Railway, or any part thereof. 
 
 3. The expression " L. debenture debt," wherever hereafter em- 
 ployed, means and includes the amount from time to time secured 
 by mortgages granted by the L. Company under the authority of 
 the recited Act. 
 
 4. The expression "L. paid-up capital," wherever hereafter 
 employed, means and includes so mu h as from time to time is 
 paid up, whether on deposit or calls, or in anticipation of calls, of
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT. 1229 
 
 the L. Company's capital of 300,OOOZ. by the recited Act 
 .authorised to be raised by shares. 
 
 5. The L. Company will make and complete the L. Railway Completion of 
 with a single line of rails on the narrow gauge, with sufficient ri 
 lengths of double line at or near stations, and including all proper 
 
 and sufficient crossings, cross-over roads, junctions, sidings, 
 stations, station-houses, station fixtures, fittings and furniture, 
 sheds, cranes, water tanks, water cranes, signals, electric tele- 
 graph, and other works and conveniences, and including all proper 
 and sufficient dwelling-houses at level crossings where necessary, 
 .and so that the railway shall at the latest, by the time limited by, 
 the recited Act, or by any Act the L. Company may obtain for 
 extending such time for the completion thereof, be completed and 
 ready to be approved by the Government Inspector of Railways 
 .as being in all respects fit to be opened and used for public 
 traffic, and to be approved by the engineer for the time being of 
 the M. Company. 
 
 6. After the opening of the L. Railway or any portion thereof Appointment 
 for public traffic, and during the continuance of this agreement, c 0m ^ttee of 
 a joint committee consisting of six directors, three of whom shall directors. 
 
 be chosen by the board of the L. Company, and three by the board 
 of the M. Company, shall be, and form a joint committee for 
 carrying out the provisions of this agreement, and all questions, 
 matters, and things touching or relating to the order, management, 
 .and directions of the L. Company under this agreement, shall 
 in all cases be determined, ordered and carried out by such joint 
 committee, and at every meeting of the said joint committee one 
 <of the members thereof, selected alternately, from each of the 
 .said boards shall be chairman of such joint committee, and such 
 chairman shall have no casting vote. 
 
 7 . Provided always, that in case the board of either company In case of 
 shall neglect or refuse to name the three members to compose 
 
 the said joint committee on their behalf, then, after the expira- company 
 
 ,,.... 1-11 to nominate, 
 
 tion oi fourteen days notice in writing, to be given by the secretary the directors 
 
 of the board of the company having nominated their members 
 of the said joint committee to the board of the company not company 
 having nominated their members of the said joint committee, maya 
 requiring them to nominate such members on their behalf, the 
 members appointed by the one board as aforesaid shall be con- 
 .sidered as and shall have all the powers of the said joint com- 
 
 24 (2)
 
 1230 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Contractor to 
 
 maintain 
 
 permanent 
 
 way for 
 
 twelve 
 
 months. 
 
 Proper 
 
 arrangements 
 to be made. 
 
 L. Company 
 to provide 
 additional 
 sidings if 
 required ; 
 
 to apply, 
 if necessary, 
 to Parliament 
 for additional 
 powers of 
 raising 
 capital. 
 
 mittee until the other board shall nominate three of their board to- 
 be members of the said joint committee. 
 
 8., The L. Company will insert in all contracts to be entered 
 into with them for the execution of any of the works of the L. 
 Company, exclusive of the permanent way, the usual provisions 
 for the maintenance and repair thereof by the contractor for a 
 twelvemonth after the completion thereof respectively. 
 
 9. Before the opening of the railway or any portion thereof 
 for public traffic, the L. Company will, to the reasonable satis- 
 faction of the engineer of the M . Company, make all such arrange- 
 ments as shall be proper and sufficient for enabling the M. 
 Company, on and after the opening of the railway or the respective 
 portions thereof for public traffic, to work and manage the same 
 in accordance with this agreement. 
 
 10. If and whenever after the opening of the L. Railway or any 
 portion thereof for public traffic, any additional sidings or other 
 works or conveniences are found by the joint committee requisite 
 for the due development or the safe and convenient reception, 
 accommodation, conveyance or delivery of traffic thereon, or for 
 compliance with the requirements of any Act of Parliament, or 
 the obligations of any contract binding on the L. Company, the 
 same shall, at the request of the M . Company, be provided for and 
 at the expense of the L. Company, and they will provide and 
 complete the same to the reasonable satisfaction of the engineer 
 of the M. Company, and the same, when completed, shall, for 
 the purposes of this agreement, be deemed to be part of the 
 L. Railway. 
 
 11. If and whenever, during the continuance of this agree- 
 ment, it is found by the joint committee necessary for the ful- 
 filment by the L. Company of any of the articles of this agree- 
 ment to be fulfilled by them, that they make or incur any 
 expenditure or liability beyond the amount which they then are 
 authorised to raise by shares and by borrowing respectively, they 
 will as soon as can be apply to Parliament for, and use their utmost 
 reasonable endeavours to obtain, an Act authorising them to raise 
 the requisite amount by shares, and by borrowing on mortgage 
 respectively. And in every such case the amount from time to- 
 time secured by mortgages granted by the L. Company under the 
 authority thereof, shall, for the purposes of this agreement, be 
 deemed to be part of the L. debenture debt, and so much of the
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT. 1231 
 
 amount thereby authorised to be raised by shares as is from time to 
 time paid up in respect of deposits and calls, and in anticipation 
 of calls thereon, shall, for the purpose of this agreement, be 
 deemed to be part of the L. paid-up capital. .. 
 
 12. Without prejudice to Article 11 the L Company shall not Limitation of 
 
 , . , . J liability. 
 
 be bound to make or incur ior the purposes ox tins agreement any 
 
 expenditure or liability exceeding the amount of the money 
 applicable in that behalf, which they are from time to time 
 authorised to raise by shares and by borrowing respectively. 
 
 13. The L. Company will not at any time during the con- Nottointer- 
 tinuance in force of this agreement act as carriers on the L. 
 
 Railway or any part thereof, and they will abstain from doing M. Company 
 
 J J . .. T i of their rights 
 
 and concurring in any and every thing which might directly under this 
 or indirectly interrupt, interfere with, or in any way disturb the a reement - 
 exercise or quiet enjoyment by the M. Company of any of the 
 rights, powers and privileges intended to be secured to them by 
 this agreement. 
 
 14. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway or M. Company 
 any portion thereof for public traffic, and during the continuance g^J ^ am ' 
 of this agreement, the M . Company may and will under the super- traffic. 
 vision and direction of the said joint committee work, manage, 
 maintain and repair the same respectively, and collect, convey 
 
 and conduct the traffic thereon in accordance with this agreement. 
 
 15. During a twelvemonth after the opening of the L. Rail- -L- Company 
 way or any portion thereof for public traffic, the L. Company responsible 
 will as between themselves and the M. Company, and except 
 
 only as respects the permanent way, be responsible 'for the same twelve 
 respectively being maintained in substantial repair and good work- 
 ing order and condition. 
 
 16. On and for ever after the expiration of a twelvemonth after M. Company 
 the opening of the railway or any portion thereof for public ^ e ^ ef ^^ to 
 traffic, the M. Company will maintain the same respectively in 
 substantial repair and good working order and condition, and upon 
 
 the expiration of this agreement deliver, yield and give up the 
 said railway in such substantial repair and good working order 
 and condition to the L. Company. 
 
 17. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway or to have use of 
 any portion thereof for public traffic, and during the continuance the railwav - 
 in force of this agreement, the M. Company may and will, under 
 
 the supervision and direction of the said joint committee, with
 
 1232 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 L. Company 
 to afford 
 facilities. 
 
 M. Company 
 to develop 
 traffic ; 
 
 to take over 
 obligations as 
 to through 
 booking, &c. ; 
 
 conveyance of 
 troops, &c. ; 
 
 to employ 
 officials of L. 
 Company ; 
 
 engines and carriages, use the same respectively for the purpose- 
 of all traffic thereon, which they from time to time can reason- 
 ably convey thereon, and as if the railway or the respective 
 portions thereof were part of the M. Company's railways. 
 
 18. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway or any 
 portion thereof for public traffic, the L. Company will, during the 
 continuance in force of this agreement, from time to, time, under 
 the supervision and direction of the said joint committee to the- 
 reasonable satisfaction of the engineer of the M. Company, afford 
 to the M. Company all such accommodation and facilities as- 
 shall be proper and sufficient for the safe and convenient use by 
 them of the same respectively, and the reception, accommodation,, 
 conveyance and delivery of all traffic thereon. 
 
 19. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway or 
 any portion thereof for public traffic, the M. Company will r 
 during the continuance in force of this agreement, under the 
 supervision and direction of the said joint committee, work and 
 manage the same respectively, as part of the M. system of rail- 
 ways, and convey traffic thereon in a proper, safe, and convenient 
 manner, and so as fully to develop the traffic of the district to be 
 served by the railway, and from time to time will, under such 
 joint supervision and direction as aforesaid, run proper and suffi- 
 cient trains thereon, in a convenient connection with trains on 
 the several lines of railway with which the L. Company has 
 junctions. 
 
 20. With respect to the obligations under the recited Act of 
 the L. Company to the Railway Company, as regards book- 
 ing through, and receiving, conveying, and forwarding traffic, 
 the M. Company will from time to time after the opening of the 
 L. Railway or any portion thereof for public traffic, act as the- 
 agents of the L. Company, and duly perform their duties in that 
 behalf. 
 
 21. With respect to the conveyance of troops, police, or mails, 
 or other traffic (if any), which the L. Company are from time to 
 time specially called on to convey on the L. Railway or any part 
 thereof, the M. Company will from time to time act as the agents 
 of the L. Company in conveying the same, and duly perform the 
 duties of the L. Company in that behalf. 
 
 22. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway or 
 any portion thereof for public traffic, the M. Company will, under
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT. 1233- 
 
 the supervision and direction of the said joint committee, and 
 during the continuance of this agreement, provide and employ 
 for the same respectively, all the superintendents, station masters, 
 booking clerks, porters, engine drivers, guards, watchmen, work- 
 men, and servants, and all other officers of the L. Company, except 
 their secretary. 
 
 23. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway or to provide 
 any portion thereof for public traffic, the M. Company will, under 
 
 the supervision and direction of the said joint committee, and 
 during the continuance of this agreement, provide in respect of 
 the same, all such locomotive power, engines, carriages, trucks, 
 and other rolling stock, plans, stores, materials, and labour as 
 shall be proper and sufficient for the working and use of the rail- 
 way, or the respective portions thereof by the M. Company, and 
 the reception, accommodation, conveyance, and delivery by them 
 of traffic thereon. 
 
 24. The L. Company shall not at any time be bound to employ 
 or provide any person or thing to be provided or employed in 
 accordance with Articles 22 and 23 respectively by the M. 
 Company. 
 
 25. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway or to exercise all 
 any portion thereof for public traffic, and during the continuance j^M 8 ' 
 
 in force of this agreement', the M. Company shall exercise and Company; 
 
 enjoy at their own expense and risk, and for their own benefit, for 
 
 the purposes of the w r orking, management, maintenance, and 
 
 repair by them of the railway, or the respective portions thereof, 
 
 all the rights, powers and privileges whatsoever in that behalf by 
 
 the L. Company, and as fully and as effectually as if the railway 
 
 or the respective portions thereof were part of the M. Railway. 
 
 26. The M. Company will, in the exercise of their rights, to observe 
 powers, and privileges under this agreement, in all respects duly statutory 
 
 * provisions, 
 
 perform and observe, under the supervision and direction of the and indemnify 
 said joint committee, the several provisions with respect to the ^' O m ( a pany 
 working, management, maintenance, and repair of the L. Rail- liabilities and: 
 w r ay and every part thereof, and to the traffic thereon, contained 
 in the Act or Acts from time to time in force with respect to the 
 same, and will at all times fully and freely indemnify and save 
 harmless the L. Company from and against all obligations and 
 liabilities in that behalf, and all penalties, forfeitures, losses, 
 damages, costs, charges, and expenses, claims and demands, what-
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 <to pay taxes, 
 rates, &c. ; 
 
 to satisfy 
 liabilities, &c. 
 
 Expenditure 
 by M. 
 Company 
 chargeable 
 against 
 capital to be a 
 debt from the 
 Li. Company. 
 
 Interest 
 KG debenture 
 debt to be a 
 jfirst charge on 
 ,grofl6 receipts. 
 
 soever in any way occasioned or incurred by or by reason of any 
 act or default of the M. Company, or any of their directors, 
 agents, officers, or servants in relation thereto. 
 
 27. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway, or 
 any portion thereof, for public traffic, the M. Company will bear 
 and pay all taxes, rates, assessments, salaries, wages and other 
 outgoings in respect of the railway, or the respective portions 
 thereof properly chargeable against revenue, except only land 
 tax and rent charges payable to landowners as compensation for 
 their lands and property, or income tax chargeable against the L. 
 Company, and the remuneration of the directors and auditors 
 of the L. Companjy, and the salary of their secretary, and their 
 office expenses, which excepted liabilities shall be paid by the 
 L. Company out of their revenue. 
 
 28. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway, or 
 any portion thereof, for public traffic, and during the continuance 
 in force of this agreement, the M. Company from time to, time 
 will, under the inspection and direction of the said joint com- 
 mittee, make and satisfy all expenditure and liabilities with 
 respect to the same respectively, whether chargeable against 
 capital or against revenue, except the expenditure and liabilities 
 properly chargeable against capital which can or may from time 
 to time be made or satisfied by the L. Company, and except 
 also the liabilities which', in accordance with Article 27, are to 
 be paid by them out of their revenue. 
 
 29. If and whenever during the continuance of this agreement 
 the M. Company make or satisfy any expenditure or liability of 
 the L. Company properly chargeable against capital, the amount 
 paid or applied by the M. Company in that behalf shall be a 
 debt due to them from the L. Company, and shall bear interest 
 
 at the rate of per cent, per annum from the time of the 
 
 payment or application of the same by the M. Company to the 
 time of the repayment thereof by the L. Company. 
 
 30. The interest from time to time payable on the L. deben- 
 ture debt shall, in accordance with the respective extent and 
 priorities of the mortgages from time to time securing the same, 
 be the first charge on the gross tolls, fares, rates and charges in 
 respect of the L. Railway, or any portion thereof, and the traffic 
 thereon. Provided that, as between the two companies, but not 
 so as to affect any of the L. Company's debenture creditors, the
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT. 1236 
 
 L. Company will apply the moneys from time to time belonging 
 "to them as hereinafter expressed, in the first place in payment of 
 the interest on the L. debenture debt, and will indemnify the 
 M. Company against all liability in respect thereof beyond the 
 .amount of those moneys. 
 
 31. On and for ever after the opening of the L. Railway, or Tolls to 
 any portion thereof, for public traffic, and during the continuance ef ^^ 
 in force of this agreement, t'he tolls, fares, rateg and charges in committee, 
 respect of the same respectively, and the traffic thereon, shall, 
 Bunder the supervision and direction of the said joint committee, 
 be fixed, collected, recovered and received by the M. Company: 
 Provided that, except in special cases in which the general 
 ^manager of the M. Company, with the consent of the joint com- 
 mittee, shall think it requisite to fix or quote any other tolls, fares, 
 rates or charges, in order to meet any emergency or to. secure any 
 particular traffic which otherwise might not be carried on the 
 railway, the tolls, rates, fares and charges to be so fixed shall, for 
 every sort of traffic, be the same, or as nearly as circumstances will 
 reasonably permit, as for light traffic on the M. Company. 
 
 32. All traffic to or from L. and stations and junctions on the Traffic to be 
 L. Railway, or any extension thereof, to and from places on the ! ) 1 ooked 1 , 
 
 J <> r through over 
 
 -M. Railway, or to which the M. Company carry, to which the L. L. line, &c. 
 Railway forms the shortest or part of the shortest route, shall, un- 
 less otherwise specially directed by the consignor or the consignee 
 
 or any other company, be carried by the M. Company over the 
 L. Railway, or accounted for to the L. Company as if so carried, 
 and in order to facilitate the transmission of traffic over and, 
 
 .along the L. Railway in connection with the M. Railway, the 
 
 :said M. Company shall and will through book and invoice and 
 give other facilities for the traffic from and to the places aforesaid, 
 forming such shortest route or a part of such shortest route from 
 
 or to the said L. Railway. 
 
 33. The gross amount of all the tolls, fares, rates, and charges Application of 
 from time to time payable to the L. Company and the M. Com- gross recei P te - 
 pany respectively, in respect of the railway or the respective 
 portions thereof, and the traffic thereon, shall be divided between 
 .and belong to the two companies in the following proportions 
 *(that is to say), 
 
 First. The M. Company shall retain 52|- per cent, thereof, 
 which shall belong to them, and shall cover all their
 
 1236 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Application of 
 the percentage 
 of the L. 
 Company. 
 
 Rebate to be 
 allowed 
 in event of 
 deficiency in 
 L. percentage. 
 
 What is to be 
 included in 
 gross receipts. 
 
 As to rebate. 
 
 expenses of and incident to the working, management,, 
 maintenance, and repair by them of the L. Railway 
 and every portion thereof, and their other expenditure- 
 and liabilities under this agreement, except only as i> 
 otherwise provided by Article 30. 
 
 Secondly. The L. Company shall have the remaining 47 per 
 cent, thereof (hereinafter called the L. percentage), 
 which 'shall be paid and belong to them. 
 
 34. The L. Company shall apply the L. percentage as 
 follows: 
 
 First. In payment of the remuneration of the directors and 
 auditors, and the salary of the secretary and their office 
 expenses. 
 
 Secondly. In payment of the interest, not exceeding the rate 
 
 of per centum per annum, from time to time 
 
 payable on the L. debenture debt, and a dividend at 
 the rate of per centum per annum on the L. paid- 
 up capital, which interest and dividend are hereinafter 
 referred to as the guaranteed amount. 
 
 Thirdly. The -surplus, if any, shall be applied as expressed 
 in Article 40. 
 
 35. If 'and whenever during the continuance of this agree- 
 ment the L. percentage proves insufficient to pay the guaranteed 
 amount, then, and in order to make up the deficiency, the M. 
 Company will allow to the L. Company, as a rebate, 40 per 
 cent, of the gross amount of all the tolls, fares, rates, and charges- 
 from time to time receivable by the M. Company in respect 
 of the several railways of which they from time to time are the 
 owners or lessees, for all traffic arising or terminating on the L. 
 Railway, or arising or terminating at the L. Station of the S. 
 and N. Railway, and passing on those several railways or any 
 part thereof. 
 
 36. The 'gross amount referred to in Articles 33 and 34 respec- 
 tively shall include a due mileage proportion of all through fares, 
 rates, and charges, including all terminals, but less all paid ones- 
 and paid outs for terminal services not performed by the M. 
 Company, but not exceeding respectively the amounts of the ter- 
 minal charges. 
 
 37. Provided that there shall be actually paid to the L. Com- 
 pany such part only of the rebate as is from time to time requisite-
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT. 1237 
 
 for making up the deficiency of the guaranteed amount, and if 
 and whenever the whole of the rebate is not required for that 
 purpose then so much thereof as is not so required shall belong 
 to the M. Company. 
 
 38. The payment of such rebate as aforesaid shall not be made 
 so as to prejudice or affect any rents now payable by the M. 
 Company or any section thereof, or any rights of any of the 
 holders of mortgage bonds or debenture stocks created or here- 
 after to be created by the M. Company, nor shall it be made 
 so as to prejudice or affect the rights or priorities of any of the 
 holders of any guarantee or preferential stock or shares of that 
 company, or of any section thereof, heretofore created or autho- 
 rised to be created. 
 
 39. If and whenever during the continuance of this agreement 
 any part of the rebate is applied for, making up the deficiency 
 of the guaranteed amount, then the amount so applied shall be a 
 debt due from the L. Company to the M. Company, but shall not 
 bear interest, and shall be paid only as provided for by Article 40. 
 
 40. If and whenever during the continuance of this agreement Application of 
 the L. percentage is more than sufficient to make the payments, anj^ofL 
 firstly and secondly expressed in Article 34, then the surplus of percentage, 
 the L. percentage shall be applied as follows: 
 
 First. In payment to the M. Company of the amount, if any. 
 
 then due to them, from the L. Company, as expressed 
 
 in Article 39. 
 Secondly. In payment to the M. Company of the debt and 
 
 interest, if any, then due to them from the L. Company, 
 
 as expressed in Article 29, and the excess shall belong 
 
 to the L. Company. 
 
 41. The several payments to be made to the L. Compairy, for Time for 
 the purposes firstly and secondly expressed in Article 34, shall salaried and 
 bo made at such times as to secure the payment of the remunera- dividends, 
 tion, salary and dividend respectively half-yearly, on the 30th 
 
 day of June and on the 31st day of December in every year, or 
 within two months after those days respectively, and the paj-meni 
 of the office expenses and interest respectively, when and as tin* 
 same respectively become payable. 
 
 42. Each of the two companies will keep all such accounts and Accounts 
 vouchers as shall be proper and sufficient for the purpose of this ** e pt- 
 agreement, which accounts and vouchers shall be open at all reason-
 
 1238 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Apportion- 
 ment of 
 through 
 traffic. 
 
 Abstracts of 
 accounts to be 
 exchanged, 
 
 and verified, 
 &c. 
 
 Notices to be 
 signed by 
 secretaries of 
 respective 
 companies. 
 
 M. Company 
 may apply for 
 statutory 
 powers to 
 take over the 
 L. Railway. 
 
 able times to the inspection and transcription of the directors and 
 agents of the two companies respectively, and the two companies 
 respectively will afford to each other all proper and sufficient 
 facilities for the inspection and transcription thereof. 
 
 43. With respect to all through traffic passing to and from the 
 L. Railway, and any of the several other railways referred to in 
 Article 35, and whether or not also passing on any other railway, 
 the accounts of the tolls, fares, rates and charges for the same 
 shall be so kept as that equal mileage proportion thereof, includ- 
 ing terminals, shall be attributed to the L. Railway, and to 
 those several other railways respectively, so as to show clearly 
 the fairness of the apportionment. 
 
 44. Each of the two companies will, within six weeks after 
 the 30th day of June and the 31st day of December in every 
 year, transmit to the other company an accurate abstract of such 
 of the accounts as are from time to time necessary to be shown 
 for any of the purposes of this agreement. 
 
 45. If and whenever during the continuance of this agreement 
 either of the two companies, within one month after the trans- 
 mission to them of any abstract of accounts, shall require the other 
 company to verify the same, such abstract shall be verified accord- 
 ingly, and shall, if necessary, be made correct, and shall thence- 
 forth be deemed a settled account. But if one month shall have 
 been permitted to pass without the verification of the abstract 
 of accounts having been required, the same shall thereupon be 
 deemed a settled account, and no account once settled shall be 
 re-opened. 
 
 46. Every notice, request, account or other writing to be given 
 by either of the two companies to the other of them for any of 
 the purposes of this agreement, shall be sufficient if it be signed 
 by the secretary of the company giving it, and be delivered to 
 the secretary of the other company, or be left for them at their 
 principal office. 
 
 47. The M. Company may, at any time or times within ten 
 years after the opening of the L. Railway for public traffic, apply 
 for an Act for vesting in them the undertaking, railway, property, 
 rights, powers, and privileges of the L. Company, on the terms 
 of all their debts and liabilities whatsoever being assumed by the 
 M. Company, to the entire exoneration of the L. Company, and 
 of an adequately secured perpetual yearly rent, payable to them
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT. 1239 
 
 by the M. Company, clear of all deductions, except for property 
 or income tax, and sufficient to meet the payments first expressed 
 in Article 34, and to pay a dividend at the rate of five pounds per 
 centum per annum on the L. paid-up capital; and the L. Com- 
 pany, at the request and expense of the M. Company, will assent 
 to and support any or every such application for an Act contain- 
 ing proper and sufficient provisions for those purposes. 
 
 48. If and whenever any difference arises between the L. Com- Arbitration 
 
 I 
 
 pany, or their assigns, and the M. Company, or their assigns, 
 touching the time, intent or construction of this agreement, or 
 touching anything to be done, suffered or omitted in pursuance 
 of this agreement, or touching any of the incidents or conse- 
 quences of this agreement, or-touching the carrying into effect of 
 any of the articles of this agreement, or touching any breach or 
 non-fulfilment or alleged breach or alleged non-fulfilment of this 
 agreement, or touching any liability, damages, losses, costs, or 
 expenses by reason of any such breach or non-fulfilment or 
 alleged non-fulfilment, or touching any claim or demand relating 
 to any such liability, damages, losses, costs, or expenses, or other- 
 wise relating to the premises, every such difference shall be 
 referred to and determined by arbitration in accordance with the 
 provisions of the Railway Companies Arbitration Act, 1859, and 
 this article shall accordingly be and have effect as an agreement 
 between the two companies for, and a reference to, arbitration 
 under that Act. 
 
 49. If, under any agreement or arrangement already or Provision as 
 
 hereafter entered into between the M. Company and amalama- 
 
 Railway Company, there is or shall be any amalgamation, tion f M - 
 or any arrangement resembling an amalgamation, whether with another 
 complete or partial, of all or any part of the respective rauwa y 
 
 J r company. 
 
 undertakings of those two companies, the amalgamation and 
 arrangement shall be subject and without prejudice to the 
 due fulfilment of this agreement on the part of the M. 
 Company; and if and so far as shall be requisite for securing 
 to the L. Company the several benefits intended to be secured to 
 
 them by this agreement, the M. Company will procure the 
 
 Railway Company to adopt and give effect to this agreement; 
 and if and so far as the - Railway Company are or shall 
 be under any such amalgamation or arrangement beneficially inte- 
 rested under or in respect of this agreement, they shall, to the
 
 1240 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Recitals. 
 Agreement. 
 
 Deposit. 
 
 Previous 
 expenses. 
 
 Mutual 
 covenants. 
 
 extent of their beneficial interest in that behalf, and for the 
 purposes of this agreement, be deemed to be " assigns " of the 
 M. Company. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 26. AGREEMENT betiveen a FOREIGN GOVERNMENT and 
 an ENGLISH COMPANY for the CONSTRUCTION and WORK- 
 ING of a RAILWAY (/). 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the - day of -, 19, 
 
 BETWEEN the Government of his Majesty the King of - - (and 
 which Government is hereafter referred to as the Government), 
 by A. B., the accredited agent of the Government, of the one part, 
 
 and the Railway Company (and which railway company is 
 
 hereinafter referred to as the company), of the other part,. 
 WHEREAS the Government, considering that the construction of 
 
 railways in will be of great advantage to the public, have 
 
 agreed to co-operate with the company in the construction of 
 
 a line of railway from to or near to , with a 
 
 view to an extension thereof to the , in the manner and upon 
 
 the terms and conditions hereinafter mentioned and contained. 
 AND WHEREAS it was one of the terms of the said agreement that 
 the company should pay into the treasury of the Government the 
 sum of sterling at certain times agreed upon; and in pur- 
 suance and part performance of such stipulation, the company 
 have already paid into the treasury of the said Government the 
 
 sum of , part of the said sum of , as the Government 
 
 do hereby admit and acknowledge. AND WHEREAS the sum of 
 
 had been expended prior to the - - day of in the 
 
 present year by the company, for the purposes of their undertaking 
 in a manner approved of by the Government. NOW THIS 
 INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that in pursuance of the afore- 
 said agreement, and in consideration of the premises, the company 
 do hereby for themselves and their successors (so far as the cove- 
 nants and agreements hereinafter contained are to be observed and 
 performed by them), agree with the Government, and the Govern - 
 
 (/) This Precedent is given not as a complete form of contract, but merely 
 as containing specimens of the various stipulations usual in such cases, 
 which it is hoped may be of service in directing the attention of draftsmen to 
 the principal points which must be considered in framing or settling contracts 
 of this nature.
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 1241 
 
 nnent does hereby (so far as the covenants and agreements here- 
 inafter contained are to be observed and performed by the Govern- 
 ment) agree with the company and their successors in manner 
 folloAving (that is to say): 
 
 1. That it shall be lawful for the Government to determine, Selection 
 fix upon, and select the route and direction of a line of railway * lme- 
 -to be constructed as an experimental line of railway, such selected 
 
 line of railway to commence at or near , and to take such a 
 
 direction to or near to that it may form part of a line of 
 
 railway from to , and such selected line of railway, of the 
 
 estimated cost of or thereabouts, shall be completed by 
 
 the company and opened for the conveyance of passengers and 
 .goods, with all practicable speed. 
 
 2. That the Government shall give notice to the company of Notice of line, 
 the line so selected as aforesaid, or of any part thereof, as such 
 
 part shall from time to time be fixed upon; and it shall be lawful 
 for the Government from time to time to alter the said route 
 or direction, or to extend or limit the same as they shall think 
 .fit, after such notice as aforesaid. 
 
 3. That the Government shall, after the selection of the said Land, 
 experimental line of railway, or any part thereof, and from time 
 
 to time as may be necessary, provide the land which shall be 
 required for the said railway, and the works connected therewith, 
 .and proper stations, offices, warehouses, and other conveniences 
 for the same, and shall from time to time give to the company 
 possession thereof: And that all land of which possession shall 
 be so given to the company, which shall not be permanently 
 required for the purposes of the company, shall, so soon as prac- 
 ticable, be restored to the Government. 
 
 4. That the company shall, on rcceiAdng possession of the same Works, 
 land, or any part thereof, forthwith, and subject to the super- 
 vision and control hereinafter prescribed, commence and proceed 
 
 with diligence in the construction of the said experimental line of 
 railway, and of all such stations, offices, warehouses, fixed machi- 
 nery, and other works and conveniences, as in the opinion of the 
 Government (such opinion to be certified in writing) shall be 
 necessary or expedient, as well with reference to the original con- 
 struction of the said railway and the working thereof, as with 
 reference to the permanent maintenance thereof, and its protec- 
 tion from injury or destruction by inundations, tempests, or other
 
 1242 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Opening. 
 
 Money 
 capital. 
 
 causes whatever; and such railway shall be made at such gradients., 
 and shall be furnished with rails of such weight and strength, and 
 laid down and secured in such manner, and to consist either of a 
 single or a double line of railway, as the Government shall in writ- 
 ing direct; and shall, if required by the Government, and at such 
 time as they shall in writing require, be provided with an electric- 
 telegraph, constructed along all or any part of the said railway, 
 and upon such principle, and to be under such regulations as to- 
 its use, and the terms of its use, as the Government shall in 
 writing direct or approve of; and the company shall from time 
 to time attend to, execute, and perform all such directions in 
 writing as may from time to time be given by the Government 
 for any deviations from, or alterations in, any directions or requi- 
 sitions previously made or given with respect to the premises; 
 and the company shall, so soon as the said railway shall be com- 
 pleted for such a distance as in the opinion of the Government 
 shall be desirable, open the same for the conveyance of passengers- 
 and goods. 
 
 5. That it shall be lawful for the Government, from time to- 
 time, by notice in writing to the company, to require any specified 
 part or parts of the said experimental line of railway to be com- 
 pleted as aforesaid, and to be opened for the conveyance of pas- 
 sengers and goods before the remaining part thereof shall be 
 constructed. 
 
 6. That the company shall pay into the treasury of the Govern- 
 ment the sum of sterling (making together with the said 
 
 sum of - so paid by them as aforesaid, and the said sum of 
 , which has been already expended as hereinbefore is men- 
 tioned, the sum of sterling), by the instalments and at 
 
 the times following (that is to say), a sum of not less than 
 within four calendar months from the date of these presents, 
 
 and thenceforth at the rate of not less than per annum, 
 
 in such sums, and payable at such periods of the year as shall be- 
 assented to by the Government until the whole of the said sum 
 
 of shall have been paid up, which amounts may be paid 
 
 in sums of - each into the treasury of the Government at 
 
 : Provided that if the company shall receive any portions, 
 of their subscribed capital in England, it shall be lawful for them 
 to pay the amount so received in sums of not less than - to- 
 the ambassador for the time being of his Majesty the King of
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 1243 
 
 , in London, in or towards satisfaction of the instalments 
 aforesaid, and the acknowledgment of such ambassador shall, when 
 produced to the Government in - , be considered and taken in 
 part satisfaction of the said sum of - so to be paid as afore- 
 said at the then current rate of exchange: Provided that such 
 payments in London shall never exceed the amounts which may 
 from time to time be determined upon by the Government. 
 
 7. That as often as and when any money shall be required by Drafts on 
 the company for any purposes sanctioned by the Government, and ^P 1 ** 1 - 
 in reference to the particular sums from time to time required, 
 
 only so far as such purposes shall have been performed to the 
 satisfaction of the Government, or when any money shall be 
 required for the performance of works sanctioned by the Govern- 
 ment, while the same shall be in course of execution, the same may 
 be drawn in such sums as shall from time to time be necepsary 
 by the company in - - or at - - from the treasury of the 
 Government, according to such equitable arrangements as shall 
 be made from time to time with the company for that purpose, 
 but ten days' notice of every such draft or proposed draft shall be 
 given at the said treasury, and all sums of money which shall be so 
 
 drawn at shall be set off at the exchange of - - per 100 
 
 against the sum of - or so much thereof as shall have been 
 paid into the treasury of the Government as aforesaid, and the 
 company shall not in any case be entitled to draw upon the 
 treasury in - - or at - to an extent greater than the balance 
 in their favour for the time being. 
 
 8. That when and so soon as the said line of railway, or any Plant, fares, 
 part thereof which shall have been required by the Government to a 
 
 be completed before the construction of the other part, shall be 
 completed and ready to be opened for the use of the public, and so 
 from time to time as any such part thereof shall be so completed 
 and ready to be opened, the company shall and will, subject to 
 the supervision and control hereinafter mentioned, provide to the 
 satisfaction of the Government a good and sufficient stock of 
 engines, carriages and other plant and machinery for working 
 the said railway, or so much thereof as shall have been com- 
 pleted as aforesaid, and carrying on the business and traffic of 
 the same, and the company shall and will forthwith commence and 
 carry on the business of common carriers of goods and passengers 
 upon the said railway, and for that purpose cause to be run on the 
 B . VOL . ii . 25
 
 1244 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 said railway so many trains at such times, and at such rates of 
 speed, and between such places, and with such conveniences and 
 accommodations as the Government shall from time to time 
 require, and the company shall and will allow the use of the 
 said railway to the public on such terms as shall be approved by 
 the Government, and the company shall be authorised and 
 empowered to charge such fares for the carriage of passengers and 
 goods and such tolls for the use of the said railway as shall have 
 been approved by the Government, and shall not in any case charge 
 any higher or different fares or tolls whatsoever without such 
 approval being first obtained, but such fares and tolls shall, when 
 such receipts as are hereinafter mentioned shall in any year have 
 exceeded 10 per cent, upon the outlay, be reduced in accordance 
 with any requisition of the Government in that behalf, but only 
 with a view to limiting the said fares and tolls, so far that the 
 net receipts shall not exceed 10 per cent, as aforesaid. 
 
 Title to land. 9. That upon the completion of the whole of the said line of 
 railway, the Government shall and will grant to the company a 
 lease of, or otherwise secure to them, a right and title to the 
 land which shall have been provided under the provision herein- 
 before contained, or of so much thereof as shall be required for the 
 completed line, and for the works and conveniences thereto belong- 
 ing, for a term of ninety-nine years commencing from the day of 
 the date of these presents under the provisions herein contained: 
 And the Government shall guarantee to the company the quiet 
 and undisturbed possession of such land, but shall not be called 
 upon to show any title thereto. 
 
 Supervision. 10. That the company and their officers, servants, and agents, 
 as also their accounts and affairs, shall in 'all things be subject 
 to the superintendence and control of the Government as well 
 in as elsewhere, and in particular that no bye-laws, contracts, 
 orders, directions, proceedings, works or undertakings, acts, 
 matters or things whatsoever, shall be made, done, entered into, 
 commenced or prosecuted, by or on the part of the company, unless 
 previously sanctioned in writing by the Government, or in some 
 other manner to be prescribed by them, and that no money shall 
 be raised by the company by any other means than by calls upon 
 the shares in the same company, without the sanction of the 
 Government in writing, and no extension of the number of shares 
 in the company, or in the amount of its capital, shall be made,
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
 
 unless sanctioned in like manner, and that it shall be lawful for 
 the Government from time to time to give to the company, their 
 officers, servants and agents all such orders and directions as the 
 Government shall from time to time think fit with reference to 
 the railway and works to which this present contract relates, and 
 with reference to the manner and times of executing the same, 
 and with reference to any contracts, orders and directions to be 
 entered into, made or given with regard thereto, and otherwise with 
 reference to the same, all which contracts, orders and directions, 
 shall be executed and followed by the company to the satisfac- 
 tion of the Government, the costs and expenses of the same 
 which shall have been allowed and sanctioned by the Govern- 
 ment being paid out of the said sum of - sterling; and 
 that for better enabling the Government to exercise the control 
 and direction intended to be hereby secured, the company shall 
 record and keep in proper books for that purpose full and par- 
 ticular accounts and transactions and proceedings, including full 
 and true minutes of all their meetings, meetings of directors, 
 and communications with so as at all times to exhibit thereby 
 fully and truly the state of their affairs and proceedings; and 
 that the Government, and any person or persons appointed by 
 them in that behalf, shall have, at all reasonable times, free access 
 to all the books, accounts and documents of the said railway (except 
 communications between the company and their legal adviser), 
 and power to make copies of and extracts from the same, whether 
 such books, accounts, papers and documents relate to the rail- 
 way and works aforesaid, or to any other matters or things what- 
 soever, in which the company shall or may be interested; and 
 for the purposes aforesaid it shall also be lawful for the Govern- 
 ment from time to time to appoint any one person, not being a 
 shareholder in the company, to be an ex officio director of the 
 company, which director, if and when appointed, shall rank as 
 and be one of the board of directors of the said company, and be 
 entitled in all things to act as such, and to exercise his discretion 
 .and right of veto in all proceedings whatsoever at boards of the 
 directors, except proceedings for the purpose of communicating 
 with the legal advisers of the company, and shall not be removable 
 unless by order of the Government, and shall, in case the whole 
 number of directors shall at the time of his appointment be com- 
 plete, be in the place of the director who shall retire from the 
 
 25 (2)
 
 1246 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Sanotion of 
 expenditure. 
 
 Capital 
 account. 
 
 direction according to the decision of the board, such decision 
 being taken by ballot; but official directors shall not be entitled 
 to any salary from the company. Provided always, that nothing 
 hereinbefore contained shall authorise the Government to appoint 
 any officers or servants of the said railway, except such official 
 director as aforesaid. 
 
 11. That all the expenses of the company shall from time to- 
 time be stated and submitted to the Government for their sanction 
 and approval, and as between the company and the Government 
 shall be allowed so far only as the same shall from time to time 
 have been sanctioned and approved by the Government: Pro- 
 vided always, that the last-mentioned stipulation shall not inter- 
 fere with any such subsidiary agreement or agreements, if any,, 
 as from time to time may be made between the company and the 
 Government, for the performance of any part or parts of the 
 said railway and works, at any sum or sums of money to 'be 
 specified in such subsidiary agreement or agreements, in which 
 case the expenses in respect of the same shall be allowed an : d 
 taken at the sum or sums which shall bo so agreed on. 
 
 12. That a capital account relating to the construction of the 
 said experimental line of railway, and the works, conveniences 
 and telegraphs thereto belonging, and relating to the original cost 
 of engines, carriages and other plant and machinery, shall be kept 
 by the company, to which account all moneys paid by the company, 
 the expenditure of which shall have received the sanction and 
 approval of the Government, shall from time to time be carried; 
 and when and so soon as the said railway and works shall have 
 been completed and furnished with the necessary rolling-stock and 
 plant, the said capital account shall bo made up, and a statement 
 shall be furnished to the Government of the aggregate amount 
 of capital which, according to such account, shall have been ex- 
 pended, and such amount shall, by examination of such account, be 
 ascertained and certified by the Government; and thenceforth, 
 and from the opening of the said line of railway, the cost of main- 
 taining it, with its machinery and stock, in good working 
 condition, shall be payable by the company out of the revenue 
 of the said railway, including any interest to be received from the 
 Government as hereinafter is mentioned. But upon any additions, 
 alterations and improvements, such as shall properly be charge- 
 able to the capital account, being thereafter made with the sanction 
 and approval of the Government, of or in the said railway, or the
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 1247 
 
 works, conveniences or telegraphs thereto belonging, or the engines, 
 carriages and other plant and machinery, the cost necessarily in- 
 curred in executing such additions, alterations or improvements 
 shall be added to the said capital account, and the said capital 
 account shall from time to time be made up and started afresh, as 
 occasion shall require, and be ascertained and certified accordingly. 
 
 13. That at all times during the said term of ninety-nine Repairs. 
 years the company shall keep the said railway, or so much thereof 
 
 as shall be completed 1 , and the works and conveniences belonging 
 thereto, and the telegraphs on the said railway (if any) in a state 
 of good repair, and in good working condition, to the satisfaction 
 of the Government; and shall keep the same fully provided with 
 rolling-stock and plant adequate to the service thereof, to the 
 satisfaction of the Government. 
 
 14. That the company shall, in such forms and under such Revenue 
 heads or divisions as shall be prescribed by the Government, keep a ' 
 accounts of all receipts and payments whatever in respect of their 
 undertaking and business, except such receipts and payments as 
 
 shall properly belong to the capital account hereinbefore agreed 
 to be kept; and such accounts shall be called "The Revenue 
 Accounts of the Company," and shall be made up half-yearly to 
 the day of - , and the day of - in every year, or to 
 such other day in the year as the company shall appoint, and shall 
 be regularly transmitted to the Government, who shall be at liberty 
 at all times, in auditing the said accounts, to make any correc- 
 tions therein which may be necessary. 
 
 15. That all moneys whatever (except the money covenanted Deposit 
 by this agreement to be otherwise paid) received by or on account anoTdrafts 
 
 of the company in , shall, without any deduction under any thereon. 
 
 pretence whatever, be paid to the Government at such times 
 
 and in such manner as they may direct, to an account to be kept 
 separately, and to be called "the revenue account" of the com- 
 pany, and when any money shall be required by the company 
 for any purposes sanctioned by the Government, and in reference 
 to the particular sums required only so far as the Government shall 
 be satisfied that the work has been performed, such money may 
 be drawn by the company according to such arrangements as 
 shall from time to time be made with the Government for that 
 purpose. 
 
 16 . That the Government shall from time to time during the Guarantee of 
 
 interest.
 
 1248 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Excess above 
 
 
 
 Limitation of 
 extent of 
 railway. 
 
 Application of 
 
 profitF. 
 
 said determinable term of ninety-nine years pay to the company 
 
 half-yearly on the - - day of - , and the day of in 
 
 every year interest at the rate of - per cent, per annum, on 
 
 the said sum of sterling, or on such parts thereof as shall for 
 
 the time being be paid into the treasury of the Government as- 
 aforesaid (including the said sum of expended as afore- 
 said, which shall for all the purposes of these presents be re-, 
 garded as having been paid into the said treasury on the date 
 hereof, and drawn out for the purposes of the company), such 
 
 interest upon any part of the said sum of being considered, 
 
 in the first instance, as running from the day on which the same- 
 shall have been so paid, or be deemed to have been so paid, into 
 the treasury of the Government. 
 
 17. That if the expenditure of the company in making the 
 said railway and works, or otherwise in respect of the matters to 
 be included in the said capital account, shall exceed the said sum 
 
 of , the money necessary to meet such excess having been 
 
 raised and paid by the company into the treasury of the Govern- 
 ment, the Government shall from time to time, during the then, 
 residue of the said determinable term of ninety-nine years, pay. 
 to the company half-yearly from the days aforesaid interest at 
 the rate of - per cent, per annum on the same money from 
 the respective times when they shall have been so paid into the 
 treasury of the Government as aforesaid. 
 
 18. That if after the selection of the said line of railway 
 the Government, under the power hereinbefore reserved to them 
 in that behalf, shall, with a view of keeping the expenditure 
 
 within , or for any other reason, think fit to limit the extent 
 
 of the said line of railway, the provisions herein contained 
 with reference to the originally intended line of railway shall 
 apply to the said limited extent of railway in the same manner a 
 if the same had been originally selected: Provided always, that 
 in case of any alteration in the selected line of railway, all expendi- 
 ture which shall have been incurred by the company, and which 
 shall have been sanctioned and approved by the Government, 
 shall be considered as properly expended, although the same may,, 
 in the event, be useless for the purpose of the said railway as 
 finally adopted. 
 
 19. That so soon as the company shall begin to work the said 
 railway, or any part thereof, the net recipts which shall be realised
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
 
 during any half-year, or from the commencement up to the first 
 of the aforesaid half-yearly days, after deducting therefrom all 
 sums which shall have been expended in the repair and mainten- 
 ance of the said railway and works, and the repair and restoration 
 of the rolling-stock and plant, and the management and conduct 
 of the company and affairs, and which shall have been sanctioned 
 by the Government, and also deducting such sum, if any, as with 
 the consent of the Government, may be appropriated and set 
 apart for restoring and making good any deterioration of the 
 railway and works, or stock and plant, and for the current expenses 
 of working the railway (the money to <be so appropriated and 
 set apart as a reserve, or any part 'thereof being invested or accumu- 
 lated or otherwise dealt with till required for application in any 
 manner the said railway may think fit, subject to the sanction and 
 approval of the Government), shall be applied in the first place in 
 or towards discharge of the interest which shall be payable by 
 the Government under their covenants hereinbefore contained in 
 respect of the said half-year, so as to exonerate the Government, 
 so far as the same net receipts will extend, from the payment of 
 such interest, the money to be so applied being reckoned at the 
 
 exchange of , and the residue, if any, of such net receipts shall 
 
 be applied in manner following (that is to say) : one moiety thereof 
 shall be forthwith applied in the payment of such sums of money 
 as shall at any previous time or times have been paid by the 
 Government to the company under the covenants hereinbefore 
 contained by way of interest as aforesaid, together with simple 
 
 interest on such sums of money at the "rate of per cent . per 
 
 annum, from the times of payment respectively, and such moiety 
 shall be paid into the treasury of the Government, and shall be 
 reckoned at the said rate of exchange, and shall be applied in 
 reduction and discharge of the whole of the interest payable to 
 the Government on the said sums of money before the same shall 
 be applied in liquidation of any part of the principal thereof, and 
 the other moiety of the said surplus net receipts shall be paid to 
 or applied for the use and benefit of the company; and if at any 
 time during the said determinable term of ninety-nine years the 
 whole of the moneys previously paid by the Government as afore- 
 said, with interest thereon as aforesaid, shall have been repaid and 
 discharged, then for every half-year during such time, and as 
 often as the same shall happen, the company shall be entitled for 
 
 1249
 
 1250 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Mails 
 and troops. 
 
 Ultimate 
 rights of 
 property. 
 
 their own use and benefit to the entirety of the said surplus net 
 receipts, or as the case may be so much thereof as shall remain after 
 such repayment and discharge as last aforesaid shall have boen 
 made. 
 
 20. That the company will, at all times during the said deter- 
 minablo term, convey on the said railway, the mails and post 
 bags, and the guards and other servants of the post office in charge 
 thereof, free of charge, and when on duty, all officers and persons 
 in the administration of the post office, also free of charge, and 
 will also convey on the said railway, when they are on duty, the 
 troops, both horse and foot, as well as artillery, engineers, and 
 other branches of His Majesty's forces, and all employes of the 
 Government, and all artisans of, or when on the business of, the 
 Government, the officers and persons of similar station in life to be 
 entitled to travel in first class carriages at second class fares, 
 and the troops and artisans and other persons aforesaid at the 
 lowest fares, and will also convey on the said railway all general 
 stores belonging to the Government, and all guns, ammunition, 
 horses and other animals used for military purposes, and all mili- 
 tary stores, carriages, waggons, camp equipage and equipments 
 whatsoever, at the lowest rate for the time being chargeable for 
 the carriage of such animals, goods and merchandise, the sevrnil 
 privileges of conveyance and carriage stipulated for being at all 
 times to be used and enjoyed in preference to and priority over 
 the public use of the said line of railway for conveyance and 
 carriage. 
 
 21. That at the end of the said term of ninety-nine years, 
 by effluxion of time, the land to be provided as aforesaid, with 
 the railway thereon, and all buildings, works, fixed machinery, 
 telegraphs and conveniences whatsoever, shall revert to and become 
 the property of the Government, on account of the Government, 
 free from all debts and charges whatever, save such as shall have 
 been sanctioned by the Government; and any lands in , which 
 may then have been held by the company for the purpose of their 
 business, shall be 'sold, and the clear moneys produced by such 
 sale shall be paid to the Government on the same account; ;md 
 the company shall deliver to the Government, as their absolute 
 property, on the same account, all plans, surveys, sections, books, 
 printings, writings and documents whatsoever in anywise con- 
 nected with the undertakings and affairs of the said railway;
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 1251 
 
 and the said company shall sell to the Government, who shall be 
 bound to purchase the same, all the engines, carriages, stock, 
 machinery and plant, which shall then be used in working the 
 said railway, or otherwise in connection therewith, for such sum 
 of money as shall be determined by valuation, to be made by 
 referees or their umpire in case of difference, to be respectively 
 appointed in the usual manner, and the Government shall pay to 
 the company the sum of money to be so determined within four 
 months after such determination, with interest thereon at the 
 rate of - per cent, per annum, from the expiration of the 
 said term of ninety-nine years. 
 
 22. That after the said lino of railway shall have been finished Surrender, 
 and in work for three calendar months at least, it shall be lawful 
 for the company then or at any time thereafter to give notice in 
 writing of their intention to surrender and relinquish the said 
 railway and works to the Government on any day to be mentioned 
 in such notice, so that such notice be served at least six calendar 
 
 months before that day both on the Government in , and 
 
 also on the secretary of the Government at - , and in case of 
 such notice being given the company shall at the expiration thereof 
 surrender and relinquish the said railway and works accordingly, 
 together with the telegraphs (if any), and shall with all con- 
 venient speed sell any lands in - , which may then be held by 
 the company for the purpose of their business, and pay the clear 
 moneys to be produced by such sale to the Government, and 
 shall deliver to the Government the engines, carriages, stock, 
 plant, and machinery belonging to the said railway and works, 
 and all plans, surveys, books, printings, writings, and documents 
 whatsoever, connected with the undertaking and affairs of the 
 company, and the Government shall be bound to accept the 
 premises to be surrendered and delivered (it being expressly agreed 
 that the said railway, works, telegraphs, engines, carriages, stock, 
 plant and machinery, shall at the time of such surrender and 
 delivery be in good working order) according to the covenant in 
 that behalf hereinbefore contained on the part of the company; 
 and immediately upon such surrender and delivery being made, 
 the Government shall be bound to pay to the company the 
 capital expended by the company as ascertained and certified 
 in manner hereinbefore mentioned, together with such part (if 
 any) of the said sum of as shall remain in the hands of the
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Government, and thereupon the aforesaid covenants for payments 
 shall cease as from the day upon which the Government shall be 
 bound to accept the said railway and works. Provided that the 
 Government shall not be liable to refund any sum expended in 
 the maintenance or working of the line after the same shall have 
 been opened, which sum is to be provided by the company out of 
 the revenues of the line and interest as hereinbefore provided or 
 otherwise. 
 
 ^' That at any time within six calendar months after the expi- 
 ration of the first twenty-five years of the said term of ninety-nine 
 years, or at any time within six calendar months after the expira- 
 tion of the first fifty years of the said term, it shall be lawful 
 for the Government to give notice to the said , in , and at 
 
 , of their intention to purchase the said railway and works, 
 together with the telegraphs (if any), and the engines, carriages, 
 stock, plant, and machinery belonging to the said railway and 
 works, but subject to such debts and liabilities, if any, as may 
 have been incurred to the Government (exclusive of any arrears 
 of interest on the capital of the company which shall have been 
 paid under the conditions of this agreement, and which shall then 
 be still due), to any person and persons, with the sanction of the 
 Government, and to interest on such of the said debts as carry 
 interest from the day on which they shall take possession of the 
 said railway, but not from any earlier time, and thereupon at 
 the half-yearly day next but one following such notice, the land 
 to be provided as aforesaid, with the railway thereon, and all 
 buildings, works, fixed machinery, telegraphs, and conveniences 
 whatsoever, shall revert to and become the property of the Govern- 
 ment, as the owners thereof by purchase, on account of the Govern- 
 ment of - ; and in case any lands in shall then be held by 
 the company for the purpose of their business, the same shall be 
 sold, and the clear moneys to be produced by such sale shall be 
 paid to the Government; and the company shall at the same time 
 deliver to the Government the engines, carriages, stock, plant, 
 and machinery belonging to the said railway and works, 
 and all plans, surveys, sections, books, printings, writings, 
 and documents whatsoever in anywise connected with the 
 undertaking and affairs of the company; and the Govern- 
 ment shall be bound to pay in , on the said half-yearly day, 
 
 for the purchase of all the said premises, the full amount of the
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 1253 
 
 value of all the shares or capital stock in the company, calculated 
 according to the mean market value in of such shares or stock 
 during the three years immediately preceding the expiration of the 
 said period of twenty-five years, or the said period of fifty years, 
 as the case may be ; and shall also be bound to indemnify the com- 
 pany against all such debts and liabilities (if any) as they may 
 have incurred to or with the sanction of the Government, and as 
 shall be then subsisting; and thereupon the aforesaid covenant for 
 payment of interest shall cease. 
 
 24. That if default shall be made by the company in the pay- possessions* 
 ment of the said sum of , or any of the instalments thereof, a remedy. 
 
 or in the due application of any money drawn from the treasury 
 
 in , or as aforesaid, or in the execution of the said 
 
 railway and works conformably with their aforesaid covenant in 
 that behalf, or in case the said railway shall not be worked to 
 the satisfaction of the Government, or in case of any other breach 
 on the part of the company of any of the covenants herein con- 
 tained, it shall be lawful for the Government, on giving to the 
 said railway company at - - three calendar months' notice of 
 their intention in that behalf, to terminate the interest of the com- 
 pany in the said land, railway, telegraphs, and works, and 
 all or any of the engines, carriages, stock, plant, and machinery 
 provided for the same, and all plans, surveys, sections, books, 
 printings, writings, and documents whatsoever, in anywise con- 
 nected with the undertaking and affairs of the company; and in 
 that case any lands in - - which may then be held by the com- 
 pany for the purpose of their business, shall, with all convenient 
 speed, be sold, and the clear moneys to be produced by such sale 
 shall be paid to the Government; and in case of such notice being 
 given, the Government shall be liable to repay, within six calendar 
 months of its expiration, to the company the capital expended by 
 the company, so ascertained and certified as hereinbefore men- 
 tioned, after a proper deduction for all debts and liabilities then 
 affecting the company or the property of the company, the money 
 so to be repaid to include so much (if any) of the said sum of 
 
 as shall then remain in the hands of the Government. And 
 
 thereupon the aforesaid covenants of the Government for pay- 
 ment of interest shall cease, and all claims by the Government 
 on the said railway shall also cease. 
 
 25. That if default shall be made by the company, after the Repairs by 
 
 the company.
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 railway shall have been opened, in their covenant to keep the said 
 railway and works in repair and condition for the space of one 
 calendar month next after notice in writing in that behalf from 
 the Government to the company at , it shall be lawful for the 
 Government by their agents to enter on the railway and works, 
 and do and execute all such works as may be required in fulfilling 
 the said covenant, and to charge the expenses of the same against 
 the company, by setting off the amount of such expenses against 
 any moneys then payable, or which shall thereafter become pay- 
 able by the Government for interest in manner hereinbefore men- 
 tioned, which interest shall in such case to that extent be con- 
 sidered as paid and satisfied by such set-off or retainer; and shall 
 for all the purposes of these presents be regarded and considered 
 as interest actually paid by the Government to the said railway 
 in pursuance of their aforesaid covenant in that behalf. And if 
 such expense shall not be satisfied by such set-off and retainer as 
 aforesaid, then the Government may set off and deduct the same 
 against and from all or any part of any other moneys which shall 
 on any account whatever be or become payable by the Govern- 
 ment to the company. 
 
 Annuity 26. That in every or any case in which, under the provisions 
 
 of these presents, the Government shall become bound to repay 
 the capital expended by the company as aforesaid, or in which the 
 Government shall become liable to pay for the purchase of the 
 said railway, works, and stock, before the expiration of the said 
 term of ninety-nine years, it shall be lawful for the Government, 
 instead of paying a gross sum of money in respect of the 
 premises, to declare by notice to the company in - - their option 
 to pay an annuity, to be reckoned from the time when the gross 
 amount would be payable, and to continue during the residue of 
 the said term of ninety-nine years; and in that case such annuity 
 shall be payable in London on such two half-yearly days in the 
 year as shall be selected by the Government in that behalf, with a 
 fractional part for any broken half -year, the rate of interest whicli 
 shall be used in calculating such annuity being determined by 
 the average rate of interest during the preceding two years received 
 in upon public obligations of the Government, which 
 
 shall be ascertained by reference to the governor or deput \ - 
 governor of the bank of - - for the time being. Provided 
 always, that the aforesaid option shall not apply to the undrawn
 
 AGREEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 1255 
 
 portion of the aforesaid sum of , which portion is to be 
 
 repaid to the company with interest, under the provisions in that 
 behalf hereinbefore contained, in case the company shall relinquish 
 or be deprived of the said railway and works as aforesaid. 
 
 27. That if, after the said railway and works, including the Return of 
 telegraphs, if required, shall have been completed and furnished 8ur P lu!5 - 
 with adequate working stock, the whole of the said sum of 
 
 shall not have been required for the purpose of the said capital 
 account, the surplus thereof shall to the extent to which the same 
 shall have been received by the Government be refunded by the 
 
 Government to the company in with such interest as shall 
 
 be duo on such sum at the time; and thereupon the aforesaid 
 covenants for payment of interest shall apply only to the amount 
 of the said capital account, and such last-mentioned amount shall 
 for all the purposes of these presents be considered as substituted 
 in lieu of the said sum of . 
 
 28. That any notice, direction, approval, or sanction to be given Notices, &c. 
 or signified on the part of the Government for any of the pur- 
 poses of these presents, shall be sufficient and binding, if signed 
 
 by the minister for public works of his Majesty the King of 
 , or by the secretary of such minister, or by any other officer 
 or servant of the Government authorised to act on behalf of the 
 Government in respect of the matters to which the same shall 
 relate; and that the Government shall not in any case be bound 
 in respect of the matters aforesaid, unless by some writing signed 
 in the manner before mentioned. 
 
 29. That the company shall forthwith cause to be established Railway office 
 in an office of the company, and keep the same at all times and agent in 
 
 hereafter during the said term established at , and the com- country. 
 
 pany shall keep at the said office an authorised agent or agents, 
 
 with whom the Government may communicate on affairs con- 
 cerning the said railway, and all drafts drawn by the said agent 
 or agents, and all receipts of and acts done by such agent or agents 
 on behalf of the company, or concerning the said railway, works, 
 and stocks, shall be binding on the company, and every notice 
 to be given to the company shall be sufficiently given if left at 
 the said office, or personally served on such agent or agents. 
 
 30. That the Government shall promote the passing, by the Legislation. 
 Legislature of - , of all statutes, orders, and other measures 
 
 which shall be necessary or convenient for enabling the company
 
 RATING. 
 
 to fulfil iii - - the objects of their undertakings, according to 
 the terms and provisions of these presents. 
 
 ns * 01 31. That in case the Government and the company shall here- 
 
 after deem it expedient that the said line of railway shall be 
 extended to - , and the company shall increase their capital to 
 
 sterling, as hereinbefore mentioned, the additional capital 
 
 to be raised shall be paid into the treasury of the Government,, 
 at such times and in such sums as shall be mutually arranged 
 between the Government and the company, and all and singular 
 the provisions of these presents, with reference to the said capital 
 
 of , and the said line of railway to or near to - , shall 
 
 in all respects he held to apply, mutatis mutandis, to such in- 
 creased capital of - sterling, and such extended line from 
 
 - to , and the capital account of the company shall he 
 
 dealt with accordingly, and in all other respects the said increased 
 capital and extended line shall be held to be within the covenants 
 hereby entered into, according to the true intent and meaning 
 of these presents. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 RATING. 
 
 I. OUTSIDE THE METKOPOLIS. 
 
 1. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to a VALUATION or 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION LIST before the ASSESSMENT 
 COMMITTEE by OVERSEERS, by PARISH COUNCIL or 
 MEETING, or by REPRESENTATIVE BODY (a). 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - - Union, in the county 
 of , and to; the churchwardens and overseers of the poor of 
 
 (a) Who may object. "Any overseer or overseers of any parish in any 
 Union who shall have reason to think that such parish is aggrieved by the 
 valuation list of any parish within such Union." (U. A. C. Act, 1862, s. 18.) 
 Latest time for giving notice. At any time after the deposit of the list, and 
 before the expiration of twenty-eight days after notice of deposit (U. A. C. 
 Act, 1862, s. 18), as sect. 1 of the U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864, does not apply.
 
 OUTSIDE THE METROPOLIS. 1267 
 
 the parish of - , in the said Union, and to - (6), of , 
 
 in the said parish. 
 
 I, , of - , being overseer [or, we being overseers] of the 
 
 parish of - , in the said Union, having reason to think that ray 
 [or, our] said parish is aggrieved by the valuation [or, supple- 
 mental valuation] list thereof (c) [or, of the said parish of - ], 
 do hereby give you notice of objection thereto on the following 
 grounds: 
 
 1. That the rateable hereditaments of the said parish of - 
 
 [other than that of the objector] are valued at less than 
 the annual rateable value thereof. 
 
 2. That the rateable hereditaments of the said parish of 
 
 [objector's own parish] are valued beyond the annual 
 rateable value thereof. 
 
 3. That the gross estimated rental [or, rateable value] of the 
 
 hereditament numbered in the valuation list for 
 
 the said parish of - - [the parish other than that of 
 the objector] is assessed at too low a sum. 
 
 4. That the gross estimated rental [or, rateable value] of the 
 
 hereditament numbered in the valuation list for 
 
 the said parish of [objector's own parish] is valued 
 
 at too great a sum. 
 
 INVALIDITY OF LIST. OMISSION. 
 
 5. [Any of ground 12 and grounds 17 to 42 inclusive in Form 2 
 
 applicable.] 
 
 6. That no notice of a meeting to hear objections to the said 
 
 list was sent to us by you, the said Assessment Com- 
 mittee, although such a meeting [or, meetings] was held. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named (d). 
 
 (/>) Under sect. 19 of the U. A. C. Act. 1862, the Assessment Committee, 
 on thehf aring of objections to the list, may direct further notice of objection 
 to be given by the overseers (or their representatives). 
 
 (c) U. A. C. Act, 18H2, s. 18, and R. v. IV. Riding JJ., 1 Man. & Ey. 547, 
 where it was held that the notice of appeal must state that the party giving 
 it was " aggrieved " in the words of the statute giving the appeal. 
 
 (d) Appellant may, of course, sign for himself (S. J. Act, 1879, s. 31 (7)). 
 As any agent, although neither counsel nor solicitor, may appear before the
 
 1258 RATING. 
 
 2. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION (e) before ASSESS- 
 MENT COMMITTEE to a VALUATION, or SUPPLEMENTAL 
 VALUATION LIST not intended to be followed by 
 APPEAL (/). 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the Union, in the county 
 
 of - , and to the churchwardens (</) and to the overseers of 
 
 Assessment Committee in support of the objection (R. v. A. C. of St, Ma/-;/ 
 Abbot's, Kensington, [1891] 1 Q. B. 378), ho may probably sign the notice^ 
 The clei'k, &c. of a parish council, borough council, &c., or the agent of a 
 company, should sign himself ; if a solicitor does so he should sign, 
 
 <: By and on behalf of the above-named - [the clerk, &c.\ 
 and of the said [council, company, &c.~\" 
 
 (e) Notice of objection is given (1) with the view of obtaining relief from 
 the Assessment Committee, but with no intention of appealing from their 
 decision; (2) with a view to appeal against an adverse decision either to 
 special or quarter sessions, and as a necessary preliminary thereto, by sect. 1 
 of the U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864. An appropriate form is given in each of 
 these cases (Forms 2, 3 and 7) ; but unless the person objecting is quite clear 
 as to his future course after the decision of the Assessment Committee, he 
 had better select his " grounds " from Form 7, which contains every possible 
 objection. He is then free either not to appeal at all or to appeal to either 
 special or quarter sessions, being confined on appeal to the grounds taken 
 before the Assessment Committee. A ground of objection or appeal can, of 
 course, always be abandoned. 
 
 (/) Who may give above notice. "Any person who may feel himself 
 aggrieved by any valuation list on the ground of unfairness or incorrectness in 
 the valuation of any hereditaments included therein, or on the ground of the 
 omission of any rateable hereditaments from such list." (U. A. C. Act, 1862, 
 s. 18.) In terms this would include overseers objecting after re-deposit 
 to an alteration made by the Committee itself under sect. 20 of the U. A. C. 
 Act, 1862. This would seem to enable a ratepayer in one parish of a Union 
 to object to the valuation list of any other parish in the Union on the ground 
 that a hereditament was under-assessed or omitted, as "aggrieving" hini 
 because affecting the contribution of his parish to the common fund. It is 
 submitted that this is impliedly excluded by the fact that the section confers 
 this power on the overseers. 
 
 Time for giving above notice. At any time (sect. 1, U. A. C. Am. Act, 
 1864). It may be that this notice of objection and that dealt with in sect. 18- 
 of the U. A. C. Act, 1862 (which formerly regulated notices of objection), 
 are different documents, the former applying only to notices served as a 
 preliminary to appeal, and the latter to the notice in question. But as it 
 
 (g) See note (g) next page.
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO A VALUATION. 
 
 the poor of the parish of - , in the said Union, and to , 
 
 of , in the said parish. 
 
 I, (/&), of - , in the said parish, being a person aggrieved 
 
 by the valuation [or, supplemental valuation] list thereof, hereby 
 give you notice of objection thereto on the following grounds: 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 1. That the valuation in respect of the hereditament numbered 
 
 therein is unequal (i), unfair, and incorrect. 
 
 2. That in respect of the hereditament numbered therein 
 
 I am assessed at too great a sum. 
 
 3. That my gross estimated rental is assessed at too great a 
 
 sum. 
 
 4. That an insufficient sum has been allowed by way of deduc- 
 
 tion from my said gross estimated rental. 
 
 5. That my rateable value is too high. 
 
 would be impossible for anyone objecting that the notice was out of time to 
 show that it did not belong to the former class, practically an objector can 
 always take advantage of the provisions of the Act of 1864. 
 
 (g) This notice must not be served on churchwardens where the parish 
 is: 
 
 (1) A rural parish. Sect. 5 (2) of the Local Government Act, 1894, 
 enacts that as from the appointed day (see sect. 84 (4)), 
 
 (a) The churchwardens of every rural parish shall cease to be over- 
 seers, and an additional number of overseers may be appointed 
 to replace the churchwardens. 
 
 (2) Any urban parish as to which the Local Government Board has 
 made an order under sect. 33 (1) of the Local Government Act, 1894, 
 that sect. 5 (2) (a), supra, shall apply i.e., that churchwardens shall 
 cease to act as overseers in such urban parish. 
 
 It will therefore be necessary in the case of an urban parish to ascertain 
 whether an order under sect. 33 (1) has been made. 
 
 (A) Where the objector is a company, a person duly authorised by it 
 must appear. The form will then run: 
 
 "I, , of , being duly authorised by the 
 
 Company, Ltd. [the name appearing in the valuation list], which 
 is aggrieved, &c., hereby on their behalf, give you notice, &c." 
 
 (i) U. A. C. Act, 1862, s. 18. Inequality is not a matter that can be 
 inquired into by the Committee; but, being a ground of appeal, must 
 where an appeal is intended be taken before them. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 26
 
 1260 
 
 RATING. 
 
 6. That in respect of the hereditament numbered - - therein 
 
 you the said - - are assessed at too small a sum. 
 
 7. That your gross estimated rental is assessed at too small a 
 
 sum. 
 
 8. That too great a sum has been allowed by way of deduction 
 
 from your gross estimated rental. 
 
 9. That your rateable value is too low. 
 
 10. That the said list has not been amended in pursuance of a 
 
 decision of justices assembled in quarter sessions for the 
 county of - [or, decision of the court of quarter sessions 
 for the borough of - , in the county of ; or, deci- 
 sion of justices assembled in special sessions], holden 
 at - , in the said county [or, borough], on the - 
 day of - , 19 , whereby my assessment numbered 
 in the said list was altered from - [gross or 
 rateable] to [gross or rateable]. 
 
 11. That the assessment of the property numbered - therein 
 
 was made on an erroneous principle (fr). 
 
 OMISSION FROM LIST. 
 
 12. That a certain rateable hereditament known as - , in 
 
 the said parish, is omitted from the said list. 
 [The following from 13 to 16 inclusive are objections that the 
 list is not binding on the objector, though otherwise validJ] 
 
 13. That our name ought to be struck out of the said list in 
 
 that no such notice as is required by law was given to 
 us of the sum set down in the said list as the rate- 
 able value of the property purporting to be occupied 
 by us, although we have no office or place of business 
 in the said parish (I). 
 
 (&) Not likely to arise in practice in view of the statutory directions 
 for ascertaining value. See observations of Wills, J., in Horton v. Walsall 
 A. C., [1898] 2 Q. B. at p. 242. 
 
 (Z) U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864, s. 5. This is only applicable when the 
 objector is a railway, telegraph, canal, gas, or water company. It is 
 doubtful whether this objection will prevail; but see Blackburn, J., in 
 E. v. Middlesex JJ., L. E. 7 Q. B. at p. 656, decided on sect. 9 of the 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869.
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO A VALUATION. 1261 
 
 14. That, &c. [see obj. 13], in that I, being entitled to inspect 
 
 ~ obtain copies ^- extracts from the said list, was 
 not allowed to do so. [See obj. 32, infra.'] 
 
 15. That, &c. [see obj. 13], in that you, the said Assessment 
 
 Committee, considered objections to the said list, of 
 which notice had not previously been given to me, 
 although I did not consent thereto. [See obj. 28.] 
 
 16. That, &c. [see obj. 13], in that you, the said Assessment 
 
 Committee, considered objections to the said list, in 
 respect of which you had ordered notice of objection 
 to be served on me, although in fact no such notice 
 was served on me (m). [See also obj. 29.] 
 
 JURISDICTION OF PERSONS MAKING (n). 
 
 17. That the said list was made by a person [or, persons] not 
 
 duly authorised by law. 
 
 18. That the overseers [add and churchwardens if the list pur- 
 
 ports to be made by them. Add also or some of them, 
 where all of them are not attacked], by whom the said 
 list purports to be made, were not duly appointed 
 according to law. 
 
 19. That you, the said Assessment Committee, at the time 
 
 you ordered the said list to be made by the person who, 
 in pursuance of such order, purports to have made it as 
 the person so appointed, were not duly constituted an 
 Assessment Committee [or, were not acting as an 
 Assessment Committee (o)]. 
 
 20. That you, the said Assessment Committee, at the time you 
 
 ordered the said list to be made by the person who, in 
 
 (m) Doubtful objection. 
 
 () By sect. 18 of the U. A. C. Act, 1862, the Committee can only deal 
 (inter alia] with, objections on the ground of " unfairness or incorrectness 
 in the valuation of any hereditaments." This, of course, does not include 
 an objection that the list is a nullity, and therefore these objections, are 
 probably not available. But as the only thing the Committee can deal 
 with is a valuation list, they are inserted here, as it may be argued that 
 it is competent to show that the document before them is not one, or is 
 not binding on the objector. 
 
 (o) I.e., the order was not made by the majority, or was made when 
 less than three were present, &c. See U. A. 0. Act, 1862, s. 9. 
 
 26(2)
 
 1262 RATING. 
 
 pursuance of such order, purports to have made it as 
 the person so appointed, had not first given notice to 
 the guardians ^j- obtained their consent. 
 
 FORM. 
 
 21. That the said list is not in the form prescribed by law. 
 
 NON-OBSERVANCE OF FORMALITIES. 
 
 22. That the said list was not duly deposited according to 
 
 law. 
 
 23. That no due notice of deposit of the said list was given. 
 
 24. That the said list was not transmitted to the Assessment 
 
 Committee at the proper time. 
 
 25. That no notice of a meeting or meetings to hear objec- 
 
 tions to the said list was published at the time or in 
 the manner required by law. 
 
 26. That no meeting or meetings to hear objections to the- 
 
 said list were held by you, the said Assessment Com- 
 mittee, although proper notice of objection thereto was 
 given. 
 
 IMPROPER PROCEDURE BY ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE. 
 
 27. That in revising the said list, you improperly delegated 
 
 your powers therein. 
 
 28. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, considered objections thereto of which notice 
 had not previously been given, although the consent of 
 the persons entitled to such notice had not been obtained. 
 
 29. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, dealt with objections thereto in respect of 
 matters as to which you had previously ordered notice 
 of objection to be served on certain other persons, 
 although jn fact such notice was not served. 
 
 30. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, acted on the valuation of a valuer appointed 
 by you without the consent of the guardians having been, 
 first obtained . 
 
 (p) Doubtful objection.
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO A VALUATION. 
 
 31. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, acted on a valuation not given in the form or 
 fulfilling the requirements of sect. 4 of the Union Assess- 
 ment Committee Amendment Act, 1864. 
 
 REFUSAL OF EIGHT OF INSPECTION, &c. 
 
 32. That the right of inspecting a ^ obtaining copies ~ 
 
 extracts from the said list was refused to persons 
 entitled thereto. 
 
 RE-DEPOSIT AND SUBSEQUENT PROCEDURE. 
 
 33. That you, the said Assessment Committee, did not duly 
 
 approve the said list previous to its re-deposit. 
 
 34. That you, the said Assessment Committee, did not duly 
 
 re-deposit the said list as revised by you (q). 
 
 35. [Ground 23, supra, altering deposit to re-deposit.] 
 
 36. [Ground 25, supra, adding when re-deposited after list.] 
 
 37. [Ground 26, supra, adding when re-deposited after list.] 
 
 38. [Ground 32, supra, adding when re-deposited after list.] 
 
 39. That you, the said Assessment Committee, altered the said 
 
 list when re-deposited in consequence of entertaining 
 objections other than those to alterations made before re- 
 deposit (r) . 
 
 40. [Grounds 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31, supra, adding when re- 
 
 deposited after list.] 
 
 41. That you, the said Assessment Committee, did not duly 
 
 approve the said valuation list. 
 
 42. That you, the said Assessment Committee, approved the 
 
 said valuation list before the proper time (s). 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed for and on behalf of the 
 above-named (). 
 
 (q) U. A. 0. Act, 1862, s. 21 (E. v. Chorlton Union, L. E. 8 Q. B. 5). 
 This does not apply when the alteration has been made on an objection 
 under sect. 1 of the U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864, " at any time " and after the 
 list has been approved (E. v. Edmonds, L. E. 9 Q. B. 598). 
 
 (r) Doubtful objection. 
 
 (s) In Eeigate Union v. S. E. E. Co., [1894] 1 Q. B. 411, the list was 
 
 (t) See note (d), p. 1257, ante.
 
 1264 
 
 RATING. 
 
 3. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION before ASSESSMENT 
 COMMITTEE to VALUATION or SUPPLEMENTARY VALUA- 
 TION LIST intended as a PRELIMINARY to APPEAL against 
 a RATE to SPECIAL SESSIONS (w). 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the Union, in the county 
 
 of , and to the churchwardens and to the overseers of the 
 
 poor of the parish of - , in the said Union, and to , of , 
 
 in the said parish. 
 
 approved before the expiration of twenty-eight days after notice of 
 deposit, the time within which notice of objection can be given, and was 
 held invalid in consequence. 
 
 (u) Time for giving above notice. At any time (IT. A. C. Am. Act, 
 1864, s. 1, modifying sect. 18 of U. A. C. Act, 1862, which made it any 
 time after the deposit of the list and before the expiration of twenty- 
 eight days after the notice of deposit) . The effect of the provision " at 
 any time " is also to permit notice of objection " at any time," because 
 the appeal is to the next practicable special sessions after the rate is 
 made (R. v. Traford, 15 Q. B. 200; R. v. Hammond, 4 N. S. C. 316); 
 and next " practicable " sessions means those at which an effectual appeal 
 can be lodged (R. v. Biggleswade Union, 21 L. T. 494), which cannot be 
 done, unless a notice of objection has been given with failure to obtain 
 relief from the Assessment Committee (U. A. 0. Am. Act, 1864, s. 1). 
 Practically, " at any time " means a time not more than a year after the 
 making of the list, because (1) an appellant can only give the required 
 notice to the Assessment Committee then in office, all others having ceased 
 to exist, as the appointment is annual (U. A. C. Act, 1862, s. 2); (2) the 
 objection must be to the list approved by them (U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864, 
 s. 1), i.e., during their year of office. And it follows that the only rate 
 that can be appealed against is one made in conformity with that list, it 
 being impossible to give a valid notice of objection as regards any other. 
 In Reigate Union v. S. E. R. Co., [1894] 1 Q. B. 411, the Court adopted 
 the argument that the provision as to " any time " does not apply to 
 objections against the assessment of third persons. If so, notice in these 
 cases must be given before the expiration of twenty-eight days after 
 notice of deposit (U. A. C. Act, 1862, s. 18). After re-deposit no time 
 prescribed. 
 
 Length of notice. (1) To Assessment Committee. Twenty-one days 
 previous to the special sessions (U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864, s. 1), one day 
 being reckoned inclusively and the other exclusively (R. v. W. Riding 
 JJ., 4 B. & Ad. 685; R. v. Goodenough, 2 A. & E. 463). 
 
 (2) To overseers and churchwardens, parish council or meeting, and 
 third persons. No provisions as to length of notice.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST A KATE. 
 
 I,. , of - , in the said parish, being a person aggrieved 
 
 by the valuation [or, supplemental valuation] list thereof, hereby 
 give you notice of objection thereto on the following grounds: 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 1. [Grounds I to 11 inclusive in Form 2.] 
 
 VALIDITY OF LIST. 
 
 2. [Grounds 17 to 42 inclusive in Form 2.] 
 Dated the - - day of , 19. 
 
 Signed for and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 4. FOKM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a BATE to 
 SPECIAL SESSIONS (x}. 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - - Union, in the county 
 
 of , and to the churchwardens (/) and to the overseers of the 
 
 poor of the parish of - , in the said Union [or, to - , of 
 
 (2)], and to - , of - , in the said parish. 
 
 I, - , of - , in the said parish, being a person aggrieved 
 
 (x) Time for giving notice. Before the next practicable sessions 
 (R. v. Traford, 15 Q. B. 200; R. v. Hammond, 4 New Sess. Ca. 316). 
 
 Length of notice. To Assessment Committee. Twenty-one days " pre- 
 vious to the special sessions" (U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864, s. 1), one being 
 reckoned inclusively, the other exclusively (R. v. W. Riding JJ ., 4 B. 
 & Ad. 685). See Denaby Overseers v. Denaby Collieries, [1909] A. 0. 
 247. 
 
 To the overseers, parish council, parish meeting, collector or person by 
 whom the rate was made. " Seven days at least " before the day appointed 
 for such special sessions (Par. Ass. Act, 1836, s. 6; repealed as to" 
 metropolis by the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869). In calculating these 
 seven days the day for giving notice and that appointed for the sessions 
 must be excluded (R. v. Shropshire JJ., 8 A. & E. 173; Mitchell v. 
 Foster, 12 A. & E. 472). 
 
 (y) See note (<?), p. 1259, ante. 
 
 (z) The person by whom the rate was made, e.g., the collector (see 
 Par. Ass. Act, 1836, s. 6; repealed as to metropolis by the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869), or person appointed under sect. 16 of the 
 U. A. C. Act, 1862.
 
 RATING. 
 
 by a rate made for the relief of the poor, and for other purposes 
 chargeable thereon according to law, made on the - - day of 
 
 , 19 , and having material objections to the sums charged 
 
 to certain persons therein, and having given notice of objection 
 to you, the said Assessment Committee, to the valuation list for 
 the said parish approved by you, and having failed to obtain such 
 relief as I deem just, give you notice of my intention to appeal 
 against the said rate to the next special sessions to be holden 
 pursuant to the provisions of the Parochial Assessments Act, 
 1836, at - , on the - - day of - , 19 , for the hearing of 
 such appeals. And the grounds of my appeal are as follow: 
 
 1. [Grounds 1 to 11 inclusive in Form 2, being objections 
 
 as to amount.] 
 
 2. That my assessment therein is not in accordance with that 
 
 in the said list. 
 
 Dated the day of - , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 5. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a RATE from 
 SPECIAL SESSIONS to QUARTER SESSK>NS (a) (assuming 
 that the Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879, s. 31, as 
 amended by s. 4 and schedule of the Summary Juris- 
 diction Act, 1884, does not regulate the procedure. See 
 Form 6 on the assumption that it does) . 
 
 To- -(&). 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that I [or, we], - , being desirous of impugning 
 the decision of the justices sitting in special sessions holden pur- 
 
 (o) Who may appeal. " The person or persons impugning such deci- 
 sion " (Par. Ass. Act, 1836, e. 6; repealed as to metropolis by the 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869). 
 
 Time for giving notice. "Within fourteen days after the same (i.e., 
 the decision) shall have been made" (Par. Ass. Act, 1836, s. 6; repealed 
 as to metropolis by the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869). The day on 
 which the decision is given must not be reckoned. Therefore, notice must 
 
 (6) See note (6), next page.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST A RATE. 1267 
 
 auant to the provisions of the Parochial Assessment Act, 1836, at 
 , on the day of , 19 , for the hearing of appeals 
 
 be given at latest on the fourteenth day (Robinson v. Waddington, 13 
 Q. B. 753). 
 
 To what sessions. Generally, the appeal is taken to the quarter sessions 
 (borough or county) having jurisdiction over the parish against whose 
 rate the appeal lies (Poor Eelief Act, 1743, s. 4). And where a corporation 
 or franchise does not have more than six justices of the peace and does 
 not have jurisdiction or authority over two or more whole parishes or 
 wards contained within such corporation or franchise, appeal may be to 
 the quarter sessions for the county, riding, or division wherein such 
 corporation or franchise is situate. (Queer e, if this applies where there 
 is a recorder.) This does not apply to a city or town corporate being a 
 county of itself. 
 
 By the Poor Law Amendment Act, 1867 (30 & 31 Viet. c. 106), s. 27: 
 " Where a union extends into several distinct jurisdictions, every matter, 
 act, charge, or complaint by which the guardians thereof are affected, or 
 in which they have any interest, shall, for the purpose of jurisdiction, be 
 deemed to arise or exist equally throughout the union." An appeal 
 against a rate is a matter; it affects the guardians because, the valuation 
 list being altered on an amendment of the rate, the contributions of the 
 parish to the common fund will thereby be affected, the liabilities of other 
 parishes affected, and questions of the relative solvency thereof raised. 
 And the Assessment Committee (a committee of the guardians) may 
 appear as respondents on an appeal against a rate in the name of the 
 guardians, and may have to pay costs to the appellant; they may thus 
 (though by a voluntary act) be " affected " by the appeal. Apparently, 
 therefore, an appeal against the rate of a parish in a union may be taken 
 to any quarter sessions having jurisdiction over any parish in that union 
 (see B. v. Eaton, 8 Q. B. D. 158). But in an appeal from special to 
 quarter sessions the above section will not (probably) apply, and the 
 ordinary rule will obtain (see R. v. Staffordshire JJ ., L. E. 7 Q. B. 288). 
 
 Length of notice. For the overseers, parish council, &c., and third 
 person. They must receive fourteen clear days' notice (Quarter Sessions 
 Act, 1849, s. 1), which must intervene between that on which the notice 
 is given and the first day of sessions (R. v. Hereford JJ., 3 B. & Aid. 
 581; R. v. Shropshire JJ., 8 A. & E. 173). Latest time will therefore 
 be on the fifteenth day before such first day. 
 
 For the Assessment Committee. The same, unless sect. 1 of the 
 U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864 (which seems to apply only to appeals direct, 
 though its terms would cover these appeals) applies, in which case twenty- 
 one days' notice previous to the first day of sessions must be given (R. v. 
 Surrey JJ., 1 M. & S. 479), one day being reckoned inclusively and the 
 other exclusively (R. v. W. Riding JJ., 4 B. & Ad. 685, and R. v. 
 Goodenough, 2 A. & E. 463). 
 
 (6) The person or persons in whose favour the decision of special
 
 RATING. 
 
 against rates by which my [or, our] appeal against a rate made on 
 the - - day of - , 19 ,for the relief of the poor, and for other 
 purposes chargeable thereon according to law, was dismissed [or, 
 dealt with], do intend to appeal therefrom to the next general 
 
 quarter sessions of the peace to be holden at , in the county 
 
 of - - [or, borough of - , in the county of ], and that the 
 
 matter and cause of my appeal are: 
 
 1. That the said justices had no jurisdiction to deal with tho 
 
 subject-matter of the said decision (c). 
 
 2. That the said justices in referring the said appeal to arbitra- 
 
 tion had no jurisdiction. 
 
 o. That the said decision ["that, &c." (specifying decision 
 lohere part only is appealed against)^ was wrong in law. 
 
 4. That, &c. ["that, &c.," see obj. 3] was wrong in fact (d). 
 
 6. That evidence was admitted [or, excluded] by the said jus- 
 tices which ought not to have been admitted [or, 
 excluded]. 
 
 6. That a wrong principle of valuation was adopted by the 
 
 said justices. 
 
 7. That the said decision [" that, &c.," see obj. 3] was against 
 
 the weight of evidence. 
 
 8. That - , one of the said justices, was disqualified from 
 
 acting on the said appeal. 
 
 9. That the amendment purporting to be in respect of the 
 
 sessions was made (Par. Ass. Act, 1836, s. 6; repealed as to metropolis 
 by the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869). Omission to give notice to- 
 parish council held fatal (at Wiltshire Quarter Sessions, before Lord 
 Ludlow, L.J., and others) (Hancock v. Bradford-on-Avon Union, Poor 
 Law Officers' Journal for Nov. 5th, 1897). This note also applies to- 
 Form 6. 
 
 (c) As being (1) a party, or even a member of the board of guardians, 
 although not of the Assessment Committee. A justice, appellant in a 
 similar case before the same sessions, was held disqualified (R. v. Great 
 Yarmouth JJ., 8 Q. B. D. 525). (2) As a ratepayer. Probably not good. 
 R. v. Recorder of Cambridge, 8 E. & B. 637, though not overruled by 
 R. v. Solingbroke, [1893] 2 Q. B. 347, and Ex parte Overseers of 
 Workington, [1894] 1 Q. B. 416, seems in conflict with them on this point 
 (see also R. v. Essex JJ., 5 M. & S. 513). (3) Biassed, being interested 
 in the result, in a case not dealt with by the statutes (Justices' Juris- 
 diction Act, 1742, and sect. 6 of the U. A. 0. Am. Act, 1864). 
 
 (e?) I.e., by reason of clerical errors.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST A RATE. 
 
 property numbered - in the said rate was not made 
 according to law (e). 
 
 Dated the day of - , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 6. FOKM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a RATE from 
 SPECIAL SESSIONS to QUARTER SESSIONS (assuming that 
 the Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879, s. 31, as amended, 
 regulates the procedure (/) . See Form 5 on opposite 
 assumption. 
 
 To (</), and to , clerk to the justices of the petty 
 
 sessional division of , in the county o;f [or, of the borough 
 
 of , in the county of ], assembled at special sessions pur- 
 suant to the Parochial Assessments Act, 1836. 
 
 This is to give you and each and every of you notice that I 
 {or, we], being desirous of impugning the decision of the said 
 
 special sessions given on the day of - , 19 , by which 
 
 my appeal against a rate made on the - - day of - , 19 , 
 for the relief of the poor and for other purposes chargeable thereon 
 according to law was dismissed [or, dealt with], do intend at the 
 
 next general quarter sessions of the peace, to be holden at , 
 
 in and for the said [county, or borough] to appeal against the 
 same, and that the matter [or, cause] of such appeal are: 
 
 [Grounds of appeal as in Form 5.] 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 (e) E.g., not by the sessions themselves, but after they had been dis- 
 solved. 
 
 (/) It is submitted that it does not apply. 
 (g) See note (6), p. 1267, ante.
 
 RATING. 
 
 7. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION (A) to a VALUATION 
 or SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION LIST as a PRELIMINARY 
 to APPEAL against a RATE to QUARTER SESSIONS. 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - - Union, in the county 
 
 of , and to the churchwardens and overseers of the poor of 
 
 the parish of - , in the said Union, and to - , of , in 
 
 the said parish. 
 
 I, , of - , in the said parish, being a person aggrieved 
 
 by the valuation [or, supplemental valuation] list thereof, hereby 
 give you notice of objection thereto on the following grounds: 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 1. {Grounds 1 to 11 inclusive in Form 2.] 
 
 VALIDITY OF LIST. 
 
 2. [Grounds 13 to 42 inclusive in Form 2.] 
 
 OMISSION. 
 
 3. [Ground 12 in Form 2.] 
 
 [The following, from 4 to 16 inclusive, are objections with 
 which the Committee cannot deal, but which must be talcen before 
 them in order to be available on appeal.'] 
 
 OBJECTIONS DISPUTING LIABILITY. 
 
 4. That I am not in occupation (i) of the hereditament num- 
 
 bered therein. 
 
 .5 . That the hereditament numbered therein is not situated 
 
 in the parish dealt with in the said list. 
 
 6. That in respect of the hereditament numbered therein, 
 
 I am not the person liable to be assessed by reason of 
 the provisions of the Poor Rate Assessment and Collec- 
 tion Act, 1869 (&). 
 
 (h) See note (e), p. 1258, ante. 
 (i) Or "beneficial and rateable occupation." 
 
 (A?) Sects. 1, 3 and 4. Although the occupier under sect. 4 (1) of the 
 Poor Rate Assessment and Collection Act, 1869, ceases to be assessable,
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO A VALUATION. 
 
 OBJECTION OF OMISSION OF THIRD PERSON. 
 
 7. That you, the said , ought to be put on the said list 
 
 in respect of your occupation of the hereditament known 
 as , in the said parish. 
 
 OBJECTIONS CLAIMING EXEMPTION. 
 
 8. That my name ought to be struck out of the said list in 
 
 respect of the hereditament numbered therein, inas- 
 much as my occupation thereof is that of the Crown. 
 
 9. That [see obj. 8] inasmuch as my occupation thereof is 
 
 in respect of lands [or, houses or buildings, or, part of 
 lands] belonging to a society instituted for purposes of 
 science, literature, or the fine arts exclusively, within 
 the meaning of the Scientific Societies Act, 1843, and 
 exempt according to the provisions thereof. 
 
 10. That [see obj. 8] inasmuch as my occupation thereof is 
 
 that of a church, district church, chapel, meeting-house, 
 premises [or, part of any of the foregoing ()], exclu- 
 sively appropriated to public religious worship, duly 
 certified [do not add this in the case of churches, district 
 churches, or episcopal chapels of the Established Church] 
 within the exemption conferred by sect. 1 of the Poor 
 Rate Exemption Act, 1833. 
 
 11. That [see obj. 8] inasmuch as my occupation thereof is 
 
 that of part of a church, district church, chapel, meeting- 
 house, or premises, which are exclusively appropriated 
 to public religious worship duly certified within the 
 meaning of sect. 1 of the Poor Rate Exemption Act, 
 1833, which part is not so appropriated, but from which 
 I receive no rent nor derive profit or advantage. 
 
 12. That [see obj. 8] inasmuch as my occupation thereof is 
 
 that of a building [or, part of a building] used exclu- 
 sively as a Sunday School or Ragged School, which said 
 
 this rate can be recovered from him under sect. 12. He can then deduct 
 it from his rent. But it is doubtful whether this objection can be taken 
 to the list, as the occupier's name must remain thereon. 
 
 (Z) Where exemption is claimed in respect of part of a church, &c., add: 
 " which part is exclusively appropriated, &c."
 
 RATING. 
 
 of the parish of - , in the said Union, and to - , of ,. 
 
 in the said parish (q). 
 
 I, - , of - , in the said parish, being a person aggrieved 
 by a rate made for the relief of the poor, and for other purposes 
 chargeable thereon according to law, made on the - - day of 
 
 , 19 , and having material objections to the sums charged 
 to certain persons therein, and having given notice of objection 
 to you. the said Assessment Committee, to the valuation list for 
 
 supra; R. v. Essex JJ., supra; R. v. Herefordshire JJ., 3 T. E. 504). 
 And since by sect. 1 of the U. A. 0. Am. Act, 1864, the notice of objection 
 (there made a necessary preliminary to appeal) may be given " at any 
 time," it is implied that the person aggrieved may also appeal after 
 giving the notice and failing to obtain relief. No sessions can therefore- 
 be " practicable " which precede the giving of the notice, and the first 
 succeeding it is not necessarily so. 
 
 To what sessions. (See note (a), p. 1266, ante.) 
 
 Where notice has been given, and it is then discovered that it has been 
 given to a wrong Court, if notice of the mistake and intention to appeal 
 to the right Court is given, it will probably operate as a good notice to- 
 the second Court, unless the respondents have already acted on it and 
 treated it as a bad notice to the first Court (see It. v. Recorder of Liver- 
 pool, 15 Q. B. 1070; R. v. Sucks JJ., 4 E. & B. 259 (n); R. v. Salop 
 JJ., 11. 257; R. v. Recorder of Leeds, 30 L. J. M. C. 86). 
 
 Length of notice. To Assessment Committee. Twenty-one days pre- 
 vious to the sessions (U. A. 0. Am. Act, 1864, s. 1), one being reckoned 
 inclusively and the other exclusively (R. v. W . Riding JJ., 4 B. & Ad. 
 685; R. v. Goodenough, 2 A. & E. 463). Other respondents. Fourteen 
 clear days (Quarter Sessions Act, 1849, s. 1). The day of service and 
 that of sitting of Court must be excluded (Li fin v. Pitcher, I Dowl. 
 (N. S.) 767; McQueen v. Jackson, [1903] 2 K. B. 163). 
 
 Respite of appeal. By the Poor Belief Act, 1743, s. 4, " reasonable 
 notice must be given," which is now fixed as to length. If appellant 
 gives proper notice, but announces his intention of applying for a respite 
 at the hearing, the justices have discretion to grant the application or 
 not if it is opposed (R. v. Eyre, 7 E. & B. 609). If he has no time 
 to give proper notice the sessions are bound to accept the appeal and 
 respite it to next sessions (sect. 4). If he has time to give proper notice 
 and neglects to do so the rule is the same (R. v. De Grey, [1900] 1 Q. B. 
 521), and also if he has given no notice at all (R. v. Shropshire JJ., 
 7 East, 549; R. v. Wilts JJ., 8 B. & 0. 380 (but see judgment of 
 Bayley, J.); R. v. London JJ., 9 Q. B. 41; R. v. Eyre, 6 E. & B. 992). 
 
 (q) Poor Bate Act, 1801, s. 6. Notice must be given to the person 
 whose assessment is objected to (see R. v. Brooke, 9 B. & C. 915; followed 
 in R. v. Cambridgeshire JJ., 7 J. P. 306).
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST RATE. 1275 
 
 the said parish approved by you, and having failed to obtain such 
 relief as I deem just, give you notice of my intention to appeal 
 against the said rate to the next general quarter sessions of the 
 
 peace, to be holden at , in and for the said county [or, said 
 
 borough of , in the said county]. And that the grounds of 
 
 my appeal are as follow: 
 
 As TO AMOUNT (r). 
 
 1. [Any of the grounds 1 to 11 inclusive in Form 2, substi- 
 
 tuting rate for list where it occurs.] 
 
 As TO THE OMISSION OF OTHERS. 
 
 2. [Ground 12 in Form 2, substituting rate for list.] 
 
 3. [Ground 7 in Form 7, substituting rate for list.] 
 
 As TO LIABILITY. 
 
 4. [Any of grounds 4 to 6 inclusive in Form 7, substituting 
 
 rate for list where it occurs.] 
 
 5 . That my name was unlawfully inserted in the said rate after 
 
 it had been made and allowed (s). 
 
 CLAIMING EXEMPTION. 
 
 6. [Any of grounds 8 to 17 inclusive in Form 7, substituting 
 
 rate for list where it occurs.] 
 
 CLAIMING EXEMPTION AS PAUPER. 
 
 7. That my name ought not to be inserted in the said rate, 
 
 but ought to be struck out in pursuance of an order made 
 under the provisions of sect. 11 of the Poor Relief Act, 
 
 (r) This would include the ground that the hereditament had not been 
 rated in fair apportioned parts under sect. 28 of the U. A. C. Act, 1862. 
 Other grounds under this section would be (1) no alteration of occupation 
 within the meaning of the section; (2) that a supplemental valuation list 
 had been approved and delivered, showing the annual rateable value of 
 such parts. 
 
 (s) R. v. Cardiganshire JJ ., 1 Harr. & W. 274. A name can only be 
 so inserted in the circumstances dealt with in sect. 16 of the Poor Eato 
 Ass. & Coll. Act, 1869. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 27
 
 1276 RATING. 
 
 1814, on the - - day of , 19, by and , 
 
 two of His Majesty's justices of the peace having juris- 
 diction in the said parish (). 
 
 CLAIM OF PARTIAL EXEMPTION. 
 
 8. [Any of grounds 18 to 21 inclusive of Form 7, substituting 
 
 rate for list where it occurs.'] 
 
 CLAIM FOR OWNER'S COMMISSION. 
 
 9. Thai no reduction has been made in the said rate with 
 
 respect to the assessment of the hereditament numbered 
 therein, to which reduction I am entitled under the 
 provisions of sects. 3 and 4 of the Poor Rate Assessment 
 and Collection Act, 1869 (u). 
 
 RATE NOT BINDING ON APPELLANT THOUGH OTHERWISE VALID. 
 [And see obj. 5, supra.'] 
 
 10. That my name ought to be struck out of the said rate inas- 
 
 much as my assessment therein is based on a valuation 
 list which is not binding on me, because [here incorporate 
 any of grounds 13 to 16 inclusive in Form 2, being 
 objections to the validity of the valuation list qua the 
 appellant']. 
 
 11. That my name, &c. [as in obj. 10, supra], based on a 
 
 valuation list which has not been amended according to 
 law in pursuance of the decision, &c. [Form 2, obj. 10.] 
 
 12. That, &c. [as in obj. 10], based on a valuation in the 
 
 valuation list which has been amended by you, the said 
 Assessment Committee, of which said amendment you 
 
 () Whereby two justices, on application made by any person rated to 
 any rate made within their jurisdiction to be discharged from payment 
 of a rate, and proof of inability to pay through poverty, may, with the 
 consent of the churchwardens and overseers, order such person to be 
 excused from payment and his name to be struck out therefrom. 
 
 (u) See Sunderland Overseers v. Sunderland Union, 18 0. B. (N. S.) 
 531. As the amount of commission does not appear in the rate it would 
 probably be held that the County Court, not the sessions, is the proper 
 place at which to claim payment thereof.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST RATE. 
 
 did not give notice to the overseers in accordance with 
 the provisions of sect. 1 of the Union Assessment Com- 
 mittee Amendment Act, 1864. 
 
 13. That my name ought to be struck out of the said rate in 
 
 that the hereditament numbered - - therein, in respect 
 of which I am rated, is not rated, according to the annual 
 rateable value thereof appearing in the valuation list in 
 force in the said parish at the time of the making of 
 the said rate. 
 
 14. That my name Bought to be struck out of the said rate as 
 
 not of any force as against me in that I was refused 
 inspection thereof (a?). 
 
 INVALID AS BASED ON INVALID VALUATION LIST. 
 
 15. That the said rate is not of any force, being based on a 
 
 valuation list which is invalid inasmuch as [here incor- 
 porate any of objections 17 to 42 inclusive in Form 2, 
 being objections to the validity of the valuation list]. 
 
 16. That, &c. [see ground 15] invalid inasmuch as it was not 
 
 at the time of the making of the said rate deposited 
 in the place appointed by law. 
 
 INVALID AS MADE BY PERSONS HAVING NO JURISDICTION. 
 
 17. That the [overseers, or the persons signing the rate; or, 
 
 , one of the overseers, or, , one of the persons 
 
 signing the rate] purporting to make the said rate were 
 [or, was] not duly appointed in such office [or, for such 
 purpose] according to law (/), whereby the said rate was 
 not made by the major part of the overseers as required 
 by law. 
 
 18. That the [overseers, or persons signing the rate] purporting 
 
 to make the said rate had no jurisdiction to make it. 
 
 19. That the said rate was not made in pursuance of a lawful 
 
 demand or direction for such making (0). 
 
 (x) Probably not a good ground. 
 
 (y) Doubtful objection. 
 
 (2) Where rate has been apportioned under U. A. 0. Act, 1862, this 
 would include the ground that the hereditament had not been rated in 
 fair apportioned parts under sect. 28 of that Act. Other grounds under 
 
 27(2) 
 
 1277
 
 1*278 RATING. 
 
 INVALID AS DEFECTIVE IN FORM. 
 
 20. That the said rate was not duly allowed according to law. 
 
 21. That the said rate was not published according to law. 
 
 22. That the said rate was not signed as required by law (a). 
 
 23. That the declaration prescribed by sect. 28 of the U. A. 0. 
 
 Act, 1862, was not duly made and signed as therein 
 required (a). 
 
 24. That the said rate does not show for what period it wa& 
 . made. 
 
 25. That the said rate does not sufficiently show for what pur- 
 
 pose it was made (&). 
 
 26. That the said rate does not comply with the provisions of 
 
 sect. 14 of the Poor Rate Assessment and Collection 
 Act, 1869. 
 
 27. That the said rate is not in the form prescribed by law. 
 
 INVALID AS RETROSPECTIVE, PROSPECTIVE OR EXCESSIVE. 
 
 28. That the said rate is bad as being retrospective in its 
 
 operation. 
 
 29. That the said rate is bad, being made to meet expenses to- 
 
 be incurred after the expiration of the period for which 
 it was made. 
 
 30. That the said rate is excessive having regard to the pur- 
 
 poses for which it was made. 
 
 INVALID AS MADE FOR UNAUTHORISED PURPOSE. 
 
 31. That the said rate is bad, being made to meet expenses not 
 
 lawfully payable thereout. 
 
 this section would be (1) no alteration of occupation within the meaning 
 of the section; (2) that a supplemental valuation list had been approved 
 and delivered, showing the annual rateable value of such parts. 
 
 (a) Non-signature vitiates the rate (Ainsworth v. Creeke, L. E. 4 0. P. 
 476). But strict compliance with the form of the declaration is probably 
 not necessary if the substance is reproduced. 
 
 (&) S. v. Eastern Counties R. 0., 5 E. & B. 974,
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST RATE. 1279 
 
 INVALID FOR VARIOUS REASONS. 
 
 32. That the said rate was made for a period of time for which 
 
 period another valid rate for the said parish and made 
 for the same purpose was in existence. 
 
 33. That the said rate was superseded by a rate made for the 
 
 same purposes on the day of - , 19 , and duly 
 
 allowed and published. 
 
 34. That the said rate ought to be quashed in that there are 
 
 so many omissions therefrom as to embarrass the appel- 
 lant or any appellant desiring to appeal against it, and 
 that an undue amount of time would be consumed in any 
 appeal against it in its present form. 
 
 35 . That the said rate is not of any force in that the heredita- 
 
 ments included therein are not rated according to the 
 annual rateable value thereof appearing in the valua- 
 tion list in force in the said parish when the said rate 
 was made. 
 
 36. That the said rate is not of any force in that the rate books 
 
 were not at the time it was made kept in the place 
 appointed by law. 
 
 IMPROPER PROCEDURE ON REVISION AFTER RE-DEPOSIT. 
 
 37. That, the said rate is not of any force, being based on a 
 
 valuation list, objections to which were considered by 
 you, the said Assessment Committee, after re-deposit,: 
 which were not objections to alterations made therein by 
 you before re-deposit (c). 
 
 38. [Any of objections numbered 39 to 43 inclusive in Form 14, 
 
 adding after re-deposit after said list.] 
 
 39. That, &c. [as in obj. 15] invalid in that you, the said 
 
 Assessment Committee, did not duly finally approve the 
 said list. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 (c) Doubtful objection.
 
 1280 RATING. 
 
 9. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL by OVERSEERS, &c., 
 against a VALUATION LIST to QUARTER SESSIONS on the 
 GROUND of the UNDERVALUATION of ANOTHER 
 PARISH (d). 
 
 To the overseers of the poor of the parish of , in the county 
 
 of [or, the council for the borough of , or other repre- 
 sentative body], and to the board of guardians of the Union, 
 
 in the said county. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that I, , of [or, we, &c.], being overseer 
 
 [or, overseers] of the parish [but see note (d) " Who may appeal" 
 
 beloui] of , in the said Union, having reason to think that 
 
 the said parish is aggrieved by the valuation list of the said 
 
 parish of [the first-named parish], being duly authorised by 
 
 a vestry (see note (d)} for that purpose, intend to appeal against 
 the said valuation list to the court of quarter sessions for the said 
 
 county [or, borough], to be holden at , in the said county [or, 
 
 borough], on the - - day of - , 19 , and that the ground of 
 my [or, our] appeal is: 
 
 (d*) Who may appeal. The overseer or overseers of any parish in any 
 union who have reason to think that such parish is aggrieved by the 
 valuation list of any other parish in the union, with the consent of the 
 vestry. But in rural parishes having a parish council, the powers, duties 
 and liabilities (which include this power of authorising), are transferred 
 to the council (Local Government Act, 1894, s. 6 (1)). Where there is a 
 parish meeting, the county council may, on the application of such meeting, 
 confer on it any of the powers transferred as above (sect. 19 (10)). And 
 in parishes other than rural parishes the Local Government Board may 
 make an order conferring on the district council or other representative 
 body any powers, duties, or liabilities of a parish council. The substituted 
 body should be inserted (where necessary) in the form for " vestry." 
 
 Within what time. To the sessions holden after the expiration of a 
 month after the allowance of and deposit of the valuation list. 
 
 To what sessions. " The quarter sessions for the county or borough in 
 which the greatest number of parishes belonging to the union is situate, 
 or, in case the number of parishes in any two or more of such jurisdictions 
 is equal, to the quarter sessions for the county or borough having juris- 
 diction over the parish in which the workhouse of the union is situate, 
 at the sessions to be holden after the expiration of a month after the 
 allowance of and deposit of such valuation list as aforesaid" (U. A. C". 
 Act, 1862, s. 32). 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. The fifteenth day before the first day 
 of sessions.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL BY OVERSEERS, ETC. 
 
 That the rateable hereditaments in the said valuation . list are 
 valued at less than the annual rateable value thereof. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19. 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 10. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL by OVERSEERS, dc., to 
 QUARTER SESSIONS agamst a VALUATION LIST on the 
 GROUND of the OVER-VALUATION of their own 
 PARISH (e). 
 
 [Heading the same as in Form 9, but giving notice to the 
 guardians of the parish only (not to anyone else}, and omitting 
 the words first-mentioned.] And that the ground of our [or, my] 
 appeal is: 
 
 That the rateable hereditaments in the said list are valued 
 beyond the annual rateable value thereof. 
 
 Dated, &c. 
 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 9.] 
 
 II. INSIDE THE METROPOLIS. 
 
 11. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to VALUATION LIST 
 before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by OVERSEERS or 
 BOROUGH COUNCIL (/). 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - Union (gr), in the 
 
 county of London, and to the overseers (h) of the parish of , 
 
 in the said Union [or, in the cases mentioned in (g), the said 
 
 (e) See note to Form. 9. Length of notice. " Fourteen days," ex- 
 cluding the day of service and including the first day of quarter sessions 
 (see E. v. Cumberland JJ., 4 N. & M. 378). 
 
 (/) Latest time for giving notice. Not less than seven days before the 
 meeting at which objections will be heard (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 
 1869, s. 42 (6)), the day of meeting being excluded (on analogy of 
 Williams v. Burgess, 12 Ad. & E. 635). It may be that notice seven days 
 
 (g) (h) See notes (g) (h), next page.
 
 1282 
 
 RATING. 
 
 parish], and to , of [see note (&), p. 1257] in the said 
 
 parish. 
 
 I, [or, We, and ], being overseer of the parish 
 
 of , in the said Union [if the parish is situated in a metro- 
 politan borough [see (h}~\, I, - , being clerk to the borough 
 
 council for the borough of , in the county of , within 
 
 which is situate the parish of - - [i.e., the parish a\g t griev&d], 
 having reason to think [or, which has reason to think] that the 
 said parish [i.e., the objector's parish] is aggrieved by the valua- 
 tion list thereof [or, where it is aggrieved by that of another 
 
 before an adjourned meeting would be sufficient if an adjourned meeting 
 is "such" meeting within sect. 19 of the U. A. C. Act, 1862. A refusal 
 to hear on account of want of proper notice is not (probably) a " decision 
 on an objection " within sects. 19 or 32 of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 
 1869, and is therefore not appealable to sessions. 
 
 (</) Where the parish is not included in any union formed under the 
 Poor Law Amendment Act, 1834, and Amending Acts, and there is a 
 vestry elected under the Metropolis Management Act, 1855 (now abolished 
 and borough council substituted (London Government Act, 1899, s. 4; see 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 5 (1), (2) and (3); amended as to 
 composition of Assessment Committee by the City of London (Union of 
 Parishes) Act, 1907, s. 14)), the form will be: 
 
 " To the Assessment Committee of the parish of - , in the 
 county of London." 
 
 Where in such a parish there is no board of guardians the form will be: 
 " To the Assessment Committee of the parish of - , in the 
 
 Union " 
 
 (i.e., the union of the Assessment Committee acting for the parish); see 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 59 (1) and (2). 
 
 (h) By sect. 11 of the London Government Act, 1899, the council of a 
 metropolitan borough shall be the overseers of every parish within their 
 borough. By sect. 1, the whole of the administrative county of London 
 outside the City is divided into metropolitan boroughs; and by sect. 17 (1), 
 every part of it is to be in some borough and some parish, and a parish 
 is not to be situated in more than one borough, or partly in a borough 
 and partly in the City. Where the parish is situated in a metropolitan 
 borough the form will be: 
 " To the council of the borough of - , in the county of - , 
 
 and to , their clerk." 
 
 The latter signs the list (sect. 11 (1)). In the City of London the over- 
 seers of the parishes make the rate (see " Overseers " in sect. 4 of the 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869).
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION LIST. I 283 
 
 / 
 
 parish in the Union, by the valuation list of the said parish of 
 ], do hereby [or, do hereby on behalf of the said council] give 
 you notice of objection thereto on the following grounds: 
 
 1. [Grounds 1 to 4 inclusive of Form 1.] 
 
 2. [Any of grounds 12 and 13 and 23 to 50 inclusive in 
 
 Form 14.] 
 And I desire that the following corrections be made in the 
 
 said list. With respect to the hereditament numbered therein 
 
 [here specify correction]. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 12. FOKM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to SUPPLEMENTAL 
 VALUATION LIST before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by 
 OVERSEERS or BOROUGH COUNCIL (i). 
 
 To, &c [as in Form 11, inserting supplemental before valuation 
 list]. 
 
 GROUNDS. 
 
 1. That by reason of the alterations in the valuation of the 
 
 rateable hereditaments appearing in the said supple- 
 mental valuation list of the said parish of [the 
 
 other parish], the said hereditaments are valued at less 
 than the annual rateable value thereof. 
 
 2. That by reason of the alterations in the valuation of the 
 
 rateable hereditaments appearing in the said supple- 
 mental valuation list of the said parish of [objector's 
 
 own parish], the said hereditaments are valued beyond 
 the annual rateable value thereof. 
 
 3. [Ground 2 in Form 11.] 
 
 And I desire, &c. [as in Form 11]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 11.] 
 
 (i) See notes to Form 11.
 
 1284 
 
 RATING. 
 
 13. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to a PROVISIONAL 
 VALUATION LIST before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by 
 OVERSEERS or BOROUGH COUNCIL (ft). 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - Union (V), in the 
 
 county of London, and to , their clerk, to the overseers (m) 
 
 of the parish of , in the said Union [or, in the cases mentioned 
 
 in (t), the said parish], to , of - , surveyor of taxes, and to 
 
 (w), of - , in the said parish. 
 
 I, &c. [as in Form 11 to following grounds]. 
 
 1. [Grounds 1 and 2 in Form 1.] 
 
 And I desire, &c. [as in Form 11]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 11.] 
 
 14. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to the VALUATION 
 LIST before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by a PERSON 
 AGGRIEVED (or by a RATEPAYER, whether AGGRIEVED or 
 
 not (o)). 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - - Union (p), in the 
 
 (&) Who may object. By sect. 47 (4) of the Valuation (Metropolis) 
 Act, 1869, are enumerated those persons who may object, and overseers 
 are not included. Probably, therefore, they have not the right, notwith- 
 standing sect. 11. 
 
 Latest time -for giving notice. No time fixed, but it must be before 
 the day appointed for the hearing. The notice of time for holding the 
 meeting must specify the mode of objecting (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 
 1869, s. 47 (3) and (4)). 
 
 To what Assessment Committee. See U. A. 0. Act, 1862, s. 7, and 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 59 (1), (2) and (3). 
 
 (Z) See note (gr), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (w) See note (h), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (n) The occupier of the hereditament (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 
 1869, s. 47 (4)). . 
 
 (o) Who may object. Any person who feels himself aggrieved (1) by 
 reason of the unfairness or incorrectness of the valuation of any heredita- 
 ment; (2) by reason of the insertion or incorrectness of any matter 
 therein; (3) by reason of the omission of any matter therefrom; (4) by 
 
 (p) See note (g), p. 1282, ante.
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO VALUATION LIST. 1285 
 
 county of London, and to the overseers (p) of the parish of , 
 
 in the said Union [or, in the cases mentioned in (q), the said 
 parish], and to (r), in the said parish. 
 
 I, , of , in the said parish, being aggrieved by the 
 
 valuation list thereof [or, being a ratepayer thereof [see note (o) 
 " Who may object," p. 1284]], hereby give you notice of objection 
 thereto [or, to the valuation list thereof] on the following grounds: 
 
 [The following, from 1 to 11 inclusive, and probably also 14, 
 must be taken before the Assessment Committee to be available 
 on appeal against list.'} 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 1. That the valuation in respect of the hereditament numbered 
 
 therein is unfair and incorrect. 
 
 2. That in respect of the hereditament numbered therein 
 
 I am assessed at too great a sum. 
 
 3. That the gross value thereof is assessed at too great a sum. 
 
 4. That an insufficient sum has been allowed by way of deduc- 
 
 tion from the said gross value. 
 
 5. That the rateable value thereof is too high. 
 
 6. That in respect of the hereditament numbered therein 
 
 you, the said , are assessed at too small a sum. 
 
 7. That the gross value thereof is assessed at too small a sum. 
 
 8. That too great a sum has been allowed by way of deduction 
 
 from the gross value thereof. 
 
 9. That the rateable value thereof is too low. 
 
 reason of such a valuation list as is required by the Valuation (Metropolis) 
 Act, 1869, not having been transmitted by the overseers to the Assessment 
 Committee. Also any ratepayer, as to the list relating to his district, has 
 all the above rights (whether aggrieved or not), and may also object if he 
 has reason to think his parish is aggrieved by the valuation list of any 
 parish in his union. See U. A. 0. Act, 1862, s. 18, and Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869, ss. 11 and 12. By sect. 13 of the Poor Bate 
 Ass. & Coll. Act, 1869, owners made liable for rates have the same right 
 of appeal against the valuation list and a rate as if they were the occupiers. 
 
 Latest time -for giving notice. Before the expiration of twenty-five days 
 after the list is deposited (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 42 (3)). 
 After re-deposit, seven days before the day appointed for hearing objec- 
 tions to the list so re-deposited. 
 
 (p) See note (A), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (q) See note (g), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (r) See note (6), p. 1257, ante.
 
 RATING. 
 
 10. That the said list has not been amended in pursuance of 
 
 a decision of justices assembled in quarter sessions for 
 the county of London [or, decision of a court of 
 
 special sessions], holden at , in the said county, on 
 
 the day of , 19 , whereby nay assessment 
 
 numbered therein was altered from [gross or 
 
 rateable] to [gross or rateable]. 
 
 11. That the assessment of the hereditament numbered - 
 
 therein was made on an erroneous principle. 
 
 OMISSIONS. [But see Vol. (Metrop.) Act, 1869, s. 45.] 
 
 12. That a certain rateable hereditament known as , in 
 
 the said parish, is omitted from the said list. 
 
 NOT SITUATED IN THE PARISH. 
 
 13. That the hereditament numbered therein is not 
 
 situated in the said parish. 
 
 CLAIMING PARTIAL EXEMPTION. 
 
 14. [Any of grounds 18 to 21 inclusive in Form 7.] 
 
 CLAIMING EXEMPTION. 
 
 15. [Any of grounds 8 to 17 inclusive in Form 7.] 
 
 [The following, from 16 to 50 inclusive, can be taken against 
 either the list or the rale. In the latter case this objection before 
 the Committee is not necessary (s).] 
 
 NOT IN OCCUPATION. 
 
 16. That I am not in occupation of the hereditament numbered 
 
 therein. 
 
 (s) Preliminary objection to the list before the Assessment Committee 
 is unnecessary, because sect. 1 of the U. A. C. Am. Act, 1864, which 
 makes this necessary outside the metropolis, has been repealed as to the 
 metropolis by sect. 77 of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. But 
 omission to seek the preliminary relief might affect the question of costs 
 on the appeal.
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO VALUATION LIST. 
 
 OWNER NOT OCCUPIER LIABLE. 
 
 17. That in respect of the hereditament numbered therein 
 
 I am not the person liable to be assessed by reason of 
 the Poor Rate Assessment and Collection Act, 1869. 
 
 INCORRECTNESS. 
 
 18. That the said list is incorrect in that with respect to the 
 
 hereditament numbered therein [here specify the 
 
 incorrect matter, e.g., that the extent of the heredita- 
 ment is incorrectly stated, or is put in the wrong class : 
 see sect. 51 of the Vol. (Metrop.) Act, 1869, <&cJ\. 
 
 INVALIDITY OF VALUATION LIST QUA OBJECTOR. 
 
 19. That my name ought to be struck out of the said list in 
 
 that I, being entitled to inspect a ^ obtain copies a ^- 
 extracts from the said list [add after re-deposit if neces- 
 sary], was not allowed to do so. 
 
 20. That, &c. [see obj. 19] in that you, the said Assessment 
 
 Committee, considered objections to the said list of which 
 notice had not previously been given to me, although I 
 did not consent thereto (). 
 
 21. That, &c. [see obj. 20] in that you, the said Assessment 
 
 Committee, considered objections to the said list in 
 respect of which you had ordered notice of objection to 
 be served on me, although in fact no such notice was 
 served on me (M). 
 
 22. That our name, &c. [see obj. 20] in that no such notice as 
 
 is required by law was given to us of the sum set down 
 in the said list as the rateable value of the property pur- 
 porting to be occupied by us, although we have no office 
 or place of business in the said parish. 
 
 23. That my name, &c. [see obj. 20] in that no notice was given 
 
 to me as required by sect. 9 of the Valuation (Metropolis) 
 
 () This objection could only be made after re-deposit, and could 
 (strictly) only be taken if the Committee had made an alteration in the 
 list (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 42 (7)). 
 
 (t*) Doubtful objection.
 
 1288 RATING. 
 
 Act, 1869, in respect of the hereditament numbered 
 
 therein (a;). 
 
 INVALIDITY OF LIST GENERALLY. 
 
 24. That the said valuation list transmitted to the Assessment 
 
 Committee was not such a list as is required by the 
 Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 
 25. [Repeat ground 24 and add] in that the directions as to 
 
 the deposit and notice of deposit of the said list given by 
 the justices assembled in the quarter sessions for the 
 county of London [or, special sessions for the petty 
 
 sessional division of , in the county of London] were 
 
 not duly complied with (/). 
 
 26. [Repeat ground 24 and add] in that the directions given 
 
 by the justices, &c. [as in 25] as to deposit and notice 
 of deposit of the said list did not comply sufficiently 
 with the provisions of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 
 1869, s. 35. 
 
 27. [Repeat ground 24 and add] in that the justices assembled 
 
 [as in 25] had no jurisdiction to order the said valuation 
 list to be made inasmuch as there was an approved, 
 valuation list for the said parish in existence at the 
 time. 
 
 No JURISDICTION TO MAKE LIST. 
 
 28. That the said list was made by a person [or, persons] 
 
 not duly authorised by law. 
 
 29. That the overseers [or the person or persons purporting to 
 
 make the list [see note (ft), p. 1282]. Add also or some 
 of them where all are not attacked^ by whom the said 
 list purports to be made were not duly appointed accord- 
 ing to law. 
 
 30. That you, the said Assessment Committee, at the time 
 
 you ordered the said list to be made by the person who, 
 
 (x) See Mayor of Westminster v. Army and Navy Auxiliary Co- 
 operative Supply, Ltd., [1902] 2 K. B. 125. 
 
 (y) Made under sect. 35 of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. The 
 times prescribed in sect. 42 cannot, of course, be observed, and will be 
 fixed by the justices making the order (sects. 37 and 42 (13)).
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO VALUATION LIST. 
 
 in pursuance of such order, purports to have made it as 
 the person so appointed by you, were not duly con- 
 stituted an Assessment Committee [or (z), were not act- 
 ing as an Assessment Committee]. 
 
 31. That you . . . appointed by you [see obj. 30], had not 
 
 first given due notice to the guardians ^ obtained their 
 consent (a). 
 
 32. That you . . . appointed by you [see obj. 30], had no 
 
 jurisdiction over the said parish [and see obj. 51]. 
 
 FORM. 
 
 33. That the said list is not in the form prescribed by laAv. 
 
 NON-OBSERVANCE OF FORMALITIES. 
 
 34. That the said list was not duly deposited according to law. 
 
 35. That no proper notice of deposit of the said list was given. 
 
 36. That the said list was not made in duplicate as required 
 
 by law [or, A duplicate of the said list was not sent to 
 the surveyor of taxes for the district in which the said 
 parish is contained]. 
 
 37. That the said list was not transmitted to the Assessment 
 
 Committee at the proper time. 
 
 38. That no proper notice of a meeting or meetings to hear 
 
 objections to the said list was published at the time or 
 in the manner required by law. 
 
 IMPROPER PROCEDURE BY ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE ON HEARING 
 
 OBJECTIONS. 
 
 39. That in revising the said list you improperly delegated 
 
 your powers therein. 
 
 40. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, considered objections thereto of which notice 
 had not previously been given, although the consent of 
 the persons entitled to such notice had not been obtained. 
 
 (z) I.e., the order was not made by the majority, or when less than 
 three were present, &c. (see U. A. C. Act, 1862, s. 9). 
 
 (a) This objection only applies to lists made under sect. 16 of the 
 U. A. 0. Act, 1862. 
 
 1289
 
 RATING. 
 
 41. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, dealt with objections thereto in respect of 
 matters as to which you had previously ordered notice 
 of objection to be served on certain other persons, 
 although in fact such notice was not served. 
 
 42. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, acted on the valuation of a valuer appointed 
 by you without the consent of the guardians having 
 been first obtained (6). 
 
 43. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, acted on a valuation not given in the form or 
 fulfilling the requirements of sect. 4 of the Union Assess- 
 ment Committee Amendment Act, 1864 (6). 
 
 REFUSAL OF INSPECTION, &c. 
 
 44. That the right of inspecting ?~ obtaining copies - 
 
 extracts from the said list was refused to persons entitled 
 thereto. 
 
 REVISION BAD AS OUT OF TIME. 
 
 45. That the said list is void inasmuch as it was not revised 
 
 within the time prescribed by law. 
 
 APPROVAL INFORMAL. 
 
 46. That you, the said Assessment Committee, did not duly 
 
 approve the said list previous to its re-deposit. 
 
 RE-DEPOSIT AND SUBSEQUENT PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 47. That you, the said Assessment Committee, did not duly 
 
 re-deposit the said list as revised by you. 
 
 48. {Ground 35, supra, substituting re-deposit lor deposit.] 
 
 REFUSAL OF INSPECTION AFTER RE-DEPOSIT. 
 
 49. [Ground 44, supra, adding so deposited after list.] 
 
 (6) Doubtful objection.
 
 OBJECTION AGAINST A SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION LIST. 
 
 LIST VOID BY LAPSE OF TIME. 
 
 50. That the said list has ceased to be of any force by lapse of 
 
 time. 
 
 OBJECTION OPEN TO RATEPAYER ONLY. 
 [See note (o), p. 1284.] 
 
 51. [Grounds 1 to 4 in Form 1, which can only be taken 
 
 against the list, not the rate.] 
 
 And I desire that the following corrections be made in the said 
 list: 
 
 With respect to the hereditament numbered therein [here 
 
 specify corrections]. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 15. FOEM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION before the ASSESS- 
 MENT COMMITTEE against a SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION 
 LIST by a PERSON AGGRIEVED (or by a RATEPAYER 
 whether AGGRIEVED or not} (c). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 14 to following grounds, inserting supple- 
 mental before list]. 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 1. [Any of grounds 1 to 11 inclusive in Form 14.] 
 
 OMISSION. 
 
 2. [Ground 12 in Form 14, adding although, and specifying the 
 
 alteration that has taken place (d).] 
 
 (c) See note (o), p. 1284, ante. 
 
 (rf) I.e., that an alteration has taken place in some matter in the valua- 
 tion list with regard to that hereditament during the twelve months ending 
 the 5th April preceding, and that, therefore, it ought to be entered in the 
 supplemental list. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 28
 
 1290 RATING. 
 
 41. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, dealt with objections thereto in respect of 
 matters as to which you had previously ordered notice 
 of objection to be served on certain other persons, 
 although in fact such notice was not served. 
 
 42. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, acted on the valuation of a valuer appointed 
 by you without the consent of the guardians having- 
 been first obtained (6). 
 
 43. That you, the said Assessment Committee, in revising the 
 
 said list, acted on a valuation not given in the form or 
 fulfilling the requirements of sect. 4 of the Union Assess- 
 ment Committee Amendment Act, 1864 (6). 
 
 REFUSAL OF INSPECTION, &c. 
 
 44. That the right of inspecting ^~ obtaining copies ~ 
 
 extracts from the said list was refused to persons entitled 
 thereto. 
 
 REVISION BAD AS OUT OF TIME. 
 
 45. That the said list is void inasmuch as it was not revised 
 
 within the time prescribed by law. 
 
 APPROVAL INFORMAL. 
 
 46. That you, the said Assessment Committee, did not duly 
 
 approve the said list previous to its re-deposit. 
 
 RE-DEPOSIT AND SUBSEQUENT PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 47. That you, the said Assessment Committee, did not duly 
 
 re-deposit the said list as revised by you. 
 
 48. [Ground 35, supra, substituting re-deposit lor deposit.] 
 
 REFUSAL OF INSPECTION AFTER RE-DEPOSIT. 
 
 49. [Ground 44, supra, adding so deposited after list.] 
 
 (6) Doubtful objection.
 
 OBJECTION AGAINST A SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION LIST. 
 
 LIST VOID BY LAPSE OF TIME. 
 
 50. That the said list has ceased to be of any force by lapse of 
 
 time. 
 
 OBJECTION OPEN TO RATEPAYER ONLY. 
 [See note (e>), p. 1284.] 
 
 51. [Grounds 1 to 4 in Form 1, which can only be taken 
 
 against the list, not the rate.~\ 
 
 And I desire that the following corrections be made in the said 
 list: 
 
 With respect to the hereditament numbered - therein [here 
 specify corrections]. 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19. 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 15. FOEM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION before the ASSESS- 
 MENT COMMITTEE against a SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION 
 LIST by a PERSON AGGRIEVED (or by a RATEPAYER 
 whether AGGRIEVED or not} (c). 
 
 To, &c. \_as in Form 14 to following grounds, inserting supple- 
 mental before list]. 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 1. [Any of grounds 1 to 11 inclusive in Form 14.] 
 
 OMISSION. 
 
 2. [Ground 12 in Form 14, adding although, and specifying the 
 
 alteration that has taken place (d).~\ 
 
 (c) See note (o), p. 1284, ante. 
 
 (d) I.e., that an alteration has taken place in some matter in the valua- 
 tion list with regard to that hereditament during the twelve months ending 
 the 5th April preceding, and that, therefore, it ought to be entered in the 
 supplemental list. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 28
 
 1292 RATING. 
 
 NOT SITUATED IN THE PARISH (e). 
 
 3. [Ground 13 in Form 14.] 
 
 CLAIMING PARTIAL EXEMPTION. 
 
 4. [Any of grounds 18 to 21 inclusive in Form 7.] 
 
 CLAIMING EXEMPTION. 
 
 5. [Any of grounds 8 to 17 inclusive in Form 7.] 
 
 NOT IN OCCUPATION. 
 
 6. That I am not in occupation of the hereditament numbered 
 
 - - therein. 
 
 OWNER NOT OCCUPIER LIABLE. 
 
 7. [Ground 17 in Form 14.] 
 
 INCORRECTNESS. 
 
 8. [Ground 18 in Form 14.] 
 
 INVALIDITY or SUPPLEMENTAL LIST QUA OBJECTOR. 
 
 9. [Any of grounds 19 to 23 inclusive in Form 14.] 
 
 INVALIDITY OF SUPPLEMENTAL LIST GENERALLY. 
 
 10. [Any of grounds 24 to 51 inclusive in Form 14. See 
 
 sect. 46 (1), (3) and (5) of the Vol. (Metrop.) Act, 
 1869.] 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL LIST NOT REQUIRED. 
 
 11. That no supplemental valuation list is required inasmuch 
 
 as no alteration has taken place in any of the matters 
 stated in the valuation list within the time indicated in 
 or within the meaning of sect. 46 of the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 
 (e) Doubtful objection.
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO A PROVISIONAL VALUATION LIST. 1293 
 
 OBJECTOR'S HEREDITAMENT NOT ALTERED. 
 
 12. That the said hereditament numbered - - therein ought 
 not to be inserted inasmuch as, &c. [as in obj. 11, supra]. 
 And I desire that the following correction be made in the 
 said list: 
 
 With respect to the hereditament numbered therein [here 
 
 specify corrections]. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 16. FOEM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to a PROVISIONAL 
 VALUATION LIST before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by 
 cm OCCUPIER. 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the Union (/), in the county 
 
 of London, and to , their clerk, to the overseers ((7) of the 
 
 parish of - , in the said Union [or, in the cases mentioned in (/), 
 
 the said parish], to , surveyor of taxes (/&), and to - (), 
 
 of - , in the said parish. 
 
 I, &c. [as in Form 14 to following grounds, inserting pro- 
 visional before valuation list]. 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 1. \Any of grounds 1 to 11 inclusive in Form 14.] 
 
 OMISSION. 
 
 2. IGround 12 in Form 14, adding although the value thereof 
 
 has increased [or, decreased] during the year.] 
 
 NOT SITUATED IN PARISH (/c). 
 
 3. [Ground 13 in Form 14.] 
 
 (/) Sec note (gr), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (0) Sec note (h), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (h) For the district in which the parish is situated. 
 
 (1) The occupier of the hereditament. 
 (&) Doubtful objection. 
 
 28 (2)
 
 RATING. 
 
 CLAIMING PARTIAL EXEMPTION. 
 
 4. [Any of grounds 18 to 21 inclusive in Form 7.] 
 
 CLAIMING EXEMPTION. 
 
 5. [Any of grounds 8 to 17 inclusive in Form 7.] 
 
 NOT IN OCCUPATION. 
 
 6. That I am not in occupation of the hereditament numbered 
 
 therein. 
 
 OWNER NOT OCCUPIER LIABLE. 
 
 7. [Ground 17 in Form 14.] 
 
 INCORRECTNESS. 
 
 8. [Ground 18 in Form 14.] 
 
 INVALIDITY OF PROVISIONAL LIST QUA OBJECTOR. 
 
 9. [Any of grounds 19 to 23 inclusive in Form 14. Sed quart 
 
 as to ground 21 ().] 
 
 10. That my name ought to be struck out of the said list in 
 
 that no copy thereof as to so much as relates to the 
 
 hereditament numbered therein in my occupation 
 
 was served on me. 
 
 11. That, &c. [see obj. 10] in that no notice of the time for 
 
 hearing objections was served on me within the times 
 [or, in the manner, or, to the effect] prescribed by law. 
 
 INVALIDITY OF PROVISIONAL LIST GENERALLY. 
 
 12. That the said list sent to you, the said Assessment Com- 
 
 mittee, was not such a list as is required by the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 
 (7) Sect. 19 of the U. A. C. Act, 1862, probably does not apply to 
 provisional lists in the metropolis (see sect. 46 (3) of the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869).
 
 NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO A VALUATION LIST. 
 
 No JURISDICTION TO MAKE LIST. 
 
 13. [Grounds 28 to 32 (except ground 31) inclusive in 
 
 Form 14.] 
 
 14. That you, the said Assessment Committee, had no juris- 
 
 diction to order the making of the said list in that the 
 overseers [or, borough council (m)~\ had not made default 
 within the meaning of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 
 1869, s. 47 (3), nor had any proper requisition been 
 made within the meaning of the said sub-section. 
 
 15. That there was no jurisdiction to make the said list in that 
 
 there had been no increase or decrease in the course of 
 the year in the value of any hereditament contained 
 therein. 
 
 FORM. 
 
 16. That the said list is not in the form prescribed by law. 
 
 NON-OBSERVANCE OF FORMALITIES. 
 
 17. That my name ought to be struck out of the said list in 
 
 that no notice as to the time and mode in which objec- 
 tions thereto might be made, accompanied, or was served, 
 as prescribed by the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, 
 s. 47 (3). 
 And I desire that the following corrections be made in the said 
 
 list with respect to the hereditament numbered therein [here 
 
 specify corrections]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 14.] 
 
 17. FOEM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to a VALUATION LIST 
 before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by SURVEYOR of 
 TAXES (n). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 14]. 
 
 I, , being surveyor of taxes for the district which includes 
 
 (w) See note (h), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (n) Who may give notice. See definition of " surveyor " in sect. 4 of 
 the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 
 Latest time for giving above notice. See note (/), p. 1281, ante.
 
 1296 
 
 RATING. 
 
 the parish [or, parishes] of , in the - - Union, in the county 
 
 of , and being aggrieved by the valuation list thereof [or, 
 
 having reason to think that the said parish of - - is aggrieved, 
 by the valuation list thereof, or, by the valuation list of the said 
 parish of - ], do hereby give you notice of objection thereto on 
 the following grounds: 
 
 1. That the gross value of the hereditament numbered - 
 
 therein is too low. 
 
 2. That no duplicate of the said list was sent to me as pro- 
 
 vided by law (o). 
 And in my judgment the amount of the gross value of the said 
 
 hereditament is . 
 
 And I desire [as in Form 16]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 \_As in Form 15.] 
 
 - Surveyor of taxes. 
 
 Office . 
 
 18. FOKM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to a SUPPLEMENTAL 
 VALUATION LIST before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by 
 a SURVEYOR of TAXES. 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 14]. 
 
 I, &c. [as in Form 17, inserting supplemental before valuation 
 list]. 
 
 GROUNDS. 
 
 [Same as in Form 17.] 
 And in my judgment, &c. [as in Form 17]. 
 And I desire, &c. [as in Form 16]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 15.] 
 
 Surveyor of taxes. 
 
 Office . 
 
 (o) Doubtful objection.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST VALUATION LIST. 
 
 19. FORM OF NOTICE of OBJECTION to a PROVISIONAL 
 VALUATION LIST before the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE by 
 a SURVEYOR of TAXES. 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - - Union (p), in the 
 county of London, and to - , their clerk, to the overseers (q) 
 of the parish of - , in the said Union [or, in the cases mentioned 
 
 in (r), the said parish], to - , surveyor of taxes (s), and to , 
 
 of - , in the said parish. 
 
 I, &c. [as in Form 17, inserting provisional before valuation 
 list]. 
 
 GROUNDS. 
 
 1. [Ground 1 in Form 17.] 
 
 2. That no copy of the said list was served on me as required 
 
 by sect. 47 (3) of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 And in my judgment, &c. \_as in Form 17]. 
 And I desire, &c. [as in Form 16]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 15.] - Surveyor of taxes. 
 
 Office . 
 
 1297 
 
 20. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against VALUATION 
 LIST from the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE to SPECIAL 
 SESSIONS (t) by OVERSEERS or BOROUGH COUNCIL (u) (x). 
 
 To the Assessment Committee of the - - Union (/), in the 
 
 (p] See note (g), p. 1282, ante. (q) See note (h), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (r) See note (g), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (s) Of the district in which the said parish is situated, if a different 
 person from the surveyor objecting. 
 
 (t) Special sessions cannot hear an appeal touching any matter with 
 respect to which notice of appeal to the London quarter sessions has been 
 served in the manner prescribed by the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, 
 s. 20. This probably means " served and subsisting as a valid notice." 
 If withdrawn, notice of appeal to special sessions (if in time) probably 
 could still be given. 
 
 () Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 19. The objection must have 
 first been taken before the Assessment Committee (see Form 11), and the 
 appeal only lies against a decision on the ground in objection 4 of Form 1 . 
 
 (x) Who may appeal. Overseers of any parish, so far as respects the 
 valuation list of such parish (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 19). 
 
 (y) See note (g}, p. 1282, ante.
 
 1298 
 
 RATING. 
 
 county of London, and to - , their clerk, to , surveyor 
 
 of taxes (z), and to - , of - , in the parish of - , in the 
 said Union. 
 
 We, , of - , and , of - , being overseers for the 
 
 said parish [or, in case the borough council acts as overseer (a), I, 
 
 , clerk to the borough council of the borough of - , in the 
 said county, in which borough is situate the said parish] feeling 
 aggrieved [or, which said council feels aggrieved] by a decision 
 of you, the said Assessment Committee, given on an objection 
 made by us \or, by them] to the valuation list of the said parish 
 before you on the - day of - , 19 , with respect to the 
 unfairness and incorrectness in the valuation of the heredita- 
 ment herein mentioned (6), hereby give you notice [or, hereby 
 on their behalf give you notice] that it is my [or, their] intention 
 to appeal from the said decision to the special sessions, to be 
 holden at , on the day of - , 19 . 
 
 And take notice that I desire the following correction to be 
 made in the said list with regard to the hereditament numbered 
 
 therein: [Here specify the correction desired.'] 
 
 Dated the day of , 19. 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 To what sessions. Special sessions must be held after November 30th, 
 and so that all appeals are determined before January 1st (Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869, ss. 18 and 42 (10)). But in R. v. London JJ., 
 [1893] 2 Q. B. 476, it was held that an appeal (to quarter sessions) could 
 be heard after the time fixed by the Act. Press of business caused by 
 the large number of appeals occasioned the delay in this case. 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. On or before November 21st in the same 
 year (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 42 (9)). "Year" means the 
 twelve months commencing with April 6th and ending with the succeeding 
 April 6th (ib. s. 4). 
 
 (z) Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 33. It must be given to the 
 surveyor of the district to which the appeal relates. But it need not be 
 given to the surveyor when the appeal relates only to the rateable value 
 of any hereditament (/&.). 
 
 (a) See note (h), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (6) Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 19. The objection must have 
 first been taken before the Assessment Committee (see Form 11), and the 
 appeal only lies against a decision on the ground in objection 4 of Form 1.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST VALUATION LIST. 
 
 21. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a SUPPLE- 
 MENTAL VALUATION LIST from the ASSESSMENT COM- 
 MITTEE to SPECIAL SESSIONS by OVERSEERS or BOROUGH 
 COUNCIL. 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 20, inserting supplemental before valua- 
 tion list.] 
 
 And take notice [as in Form 20.] 
 
 Dated, &c. 
 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 20.] 
 
 1299 
 
 22. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against VALUATION 
 LIST from the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE to SPECIAL 
 SESSIONS by SURVEYOR of "TAXES (c) . 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 20, omitting notice to the surveyor of taxes, 
 
 and adding and to the overseers (d) of the parish of , in the 
 
 said Union]. 
 
 I, - , being a surveyor of taxes for the district in which 
 
 the said parish is situate, feeling aggrieved, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 
 And in my judgment the amount of the gross value of the 
 
 hereditament numbered - therein is . 
 
 And take notice, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 
 [As in Form 20.] Surveyor of Taxes. 
 
 Residing at . 
 
 (c) Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 19. The objection must have 
 been taken before the Assessment Committee, and the appeal must be 
 against a decision on either of grounds 1 and 2 only of Form 17. 
 
 Who may appeal. " Any surveyor of taxes, so far as respects the 
 valuation list of any parish in the petty sessional division " (Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 19). This means a surveyor for the district 
 in which the parish against whose valuation list the surveyor is appealing 
 is situated, for the objection must first have been taken before the Assess- 
 ment Committee (sect. 19), and the surveyor for such district is the only 
 one who can make such objection (sect. 12). 
 
 To what, sessions. See note (x), p. 1298, ante. 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. Ib. 
 
 (d) See note (h), p. 1282, ante.
 
 RATING. 
 
 23. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a SUPPLE- 
 MENTAL VALUATION LIST from the ASSESSMENT COM- 
 MITTEE to SPECIAL SESSIONS by SURVEYOR of TAXES (e). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 22, and inserting supplemental before valua- 
 tion list]. 
 
 I, &c. [as in Form 22]. 
 
 And in my judgment, &c. [as in Form 22]. 
 
 And take notice, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 
 Dated, &c. 
 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 20.] 
 
 24. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a VALUATION 
 LIST from the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE to SPECIAL 
 SESSIONS by a RATEPAYER (/). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 
 I, - , being a ratepayer of the said parish feeling aggrieved 
 by a decision, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 And take notice, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 20.] 
 
 (e) See note (6), p. 1298, ante. 
 
 (/) Who may appeal. Any ratepayer of a parish, " so far as respects 
 the valuation list of such parish" (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, 
 ss. 19 and 33). As to owners, see Valuation (Metropolis) Amendment 
 Act, 1884. " Eatepayer " is defined by sect. 4 of the Valuation (Metropolis) 
 Act, 1869, as " every person who is liable to any rate or tax in respect of 
 property entered in any valuation list"; and by sect. 2 of the Valuation. 
 (Metropolis) Amendment Act, 1884, an owner or lessee liable to be assessed 
 is deemed the occupier for the purposes of the Act.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST VALUATION LIST. 
 
 25. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL agamst a SUPPLE- 
 MENTAL VALUATION LIST from the ASSESSMENT COM- 
 MITTEE to SPECIAL SESSIONS by a RATEPAYER (#) . 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 
 I, &c. [as in Form 24, inserting supplemental before valua- 
 tion list]. 
 
 And take notice, &c. [as in Form 20]. 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 20. J 
 
 26. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a VALUATION 
 or SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION LIST from SPECIAL SES- 
 SIONS to the LONDON QUARTER SESSIONS by an OVER- 
 SEER, BOROUGH COUNCIL (h), RATEPAYER, or SURVEYOR 
 of TAXES (assuming that the Summary Jurisdiction Act, 
 1879, s. 31, does not regulate the procedure (f)). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 20. But if surveyor is appellant, add and 
 to the overseers (h) of the parish of - , in the said Union]. 
 
 I, - [or, we], being a ratepayer [or, surveyor of taxes, or, 
 overseer or overseers of the said parish] of the said parish [or, if 
 a borough council is appellant, I, - , being clerk to the borough 
 council of the borough of - , in the county of London, in 
 which is situate the said parish], feeling aggrieved [or, which 
 said council feels aggrieved] by a decision of a court of special 
 sessions holden at - , in the said county, and given on the 
 
 day of - , 19 , whereby my [or, their] appeal [or, the 
 
 (gr) See note to Form. 24. 
 
 *(*) See note (A), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (i) Who may appeal. " Any ratepayer and any surveyor of taxes, and 
 any overseer with the consent of the vestry of his parish, who may feel 
 aggrieved by ... any decision of special sessions, whether he was a party 
 or not" (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 32). " Ratepayer " is defined 
 in sect. 4 (see note (/), p. 1300, ante). 
 
 To what sessions. Quarter sessions for the county of London. 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. On or before January 14th in the same 
 year (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 42 (12)) as that in which the 
 list was made (sects. 4, 42 (1) and 46 (3)).
 
 1302 
 
 RATING. 
 
 appeal of , of - ] from a decision of you, the said Assess- 
 ment Committee, given on the day of , 19 , on an 
 
 objection made by me [or, by me on behalf of the said council, 
 or, by [name of objector]] to the valuation [-or, supplemental 
 valuation] list for the said parish was dismissed [or, dealt with], 
 hereby give you notice [or, hereby on behalf of the said council, 
 or, if an overseer, with the consent of the vestry of the said; 
 parish (Jt)] that I intend to appeal against the said decision to 
 the quarter sessions for the county of London, to be holden at 
 
 , in the said county, on the - - day of , 19 . [// a 
 
 surveyor of taxes is appellant, insert here : And take notice that 
 in my judgment the amount of the gross value of the heredita- 
 ment numbered herein is . And further take notice 
 
 that I desire the following correction to be made in the said 
 
 list with regard to the hereditament numbered therein [here 
 
 specify the correction].'] 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 (&) If the parish, is in the City of London. By sect. 4 (1) of the 
 London Government Act, 1899, the powers of every vestry " in the county 
 of London " cease to exist, and their powers and duties are transferred to 
 the borough council. Inasmuch as borough councils were created (by 
 sect. 1) for the county of London, "exclusive of the City of London," 
 "county of London" in sect. 4 (1) is meant in this narrower sense. 
 Vestries in the City therefore retain their existence and powers. If the 
 
 borough council is appellant (see Form 20), "We, , being overseers, 
 
 &c.," and, of course, any reference to the consent of the vestry must be 
 omitted.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST VALUATION LIST. 1303 
 
 27. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a VALUATION 
 or SUPPLEMENTAL VALUATION LIST from SPECIAL SES- 
 SIONS to the LONDON QUARTER SESSIONS by an OVER- 
 SEER, BOROUGH COUNCIL (Z), RATEPAYER, or SURVEYOR 
 of TAXES (assuming that the Summary Jurisdiction Act, 
 1879, s. 31, as amended by the Summary Jurisdiction 
 Act, 1884, s. 4 and schedule, regulates the procedure}. 
 [See preceding form on a contrary assumption (m).] 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 26], and to , clerk of the special ses- 
 sions (n) of the petty sessional division of - , in the county of 
 
 London, assembled at special sessions on the - - day of , 
 
 19 , pursuant to the provisions of the Parochial Assessment 
 Act, 1836. 
 
 This is to give you and each and every of you notice that I, 
 being a ratepayer [or, surveyor of taxes, or, overseer of the said 
 parish] of the said parish [or, if a borough council is appellant, 
 
 I, , being clerk to the borough council of the borough of 
 
 , in the county of London, in which is situate the said parish], 
 being desirous of impugning the decision [or, which is desi- 
 rous, &c.] of the said special sessions given on the - day of 
 , 19 , by which my [or, their] appeal [or, the appeal of - , 
 
 of ] from a decision of you, the said Assessment Committee, 
 
 given on the day of , 19 , on an objection made by 
 
 me [or, by them, or, by , of ] to the valuation [or, supple- 
 mental valuation] list for the said parish was dismissed [or, dealt 
 with], do intend [or, do intend on behalf of the said council, or, 
 if an overseer is appellant, with the consent of the vestry of the 
 said parish (o)], at the quarter sessions for the county of London, 
 
 (1) See note (7t), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (ra) Who may appeal. See notes (a), p. 1266, and (i), p. 1301, ante. 
 The section referred to in the latter note probably confers a wider right 
 as enabling non-parties to appeal. 
 
 To what sessions. Quarter sessions for the county of London. 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. See note (), p. 1301, ante; and also 
 S. J. Act, 1879, s. 31 (2), which enacts that notice must be given " within 
 the prescribed time," or within a time therein denned. As the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869, prescribes a time, that prescribed in the S. J. Act, 
 1879, is inapplicable. 
 
 (n) So called in sect. 33 of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 
 (o) See note (g), p. 1282, ante.
 
 RATING. 
 
 to be holden at , in the said county, on the day of - , 
 
 19 , to appeal against the same, and that the cause and matter 
 of such appeal are: [Grounds of appeal as in Form 5, substituting 
 list for rate in ground 9.] 
 
 [// the appellant is a surveyor of taxes, add the words at the 
 <end of Form 26.] 
 
 And take notice that I desire that the following corrections 
 be made in the said list with regard to the hereditaments num- 
 bered - - therein. [Here specify corrections.] 
 
 Dated, &c. 
 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 26.] 
 
 28. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a VALUATION 
 LIST from the ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE to the LONDON 
 QUARTER SESSIONS by a RATEPAYER, SURVEYOR of T\M>, 
 OVERSEER, or BOROUGH COUNCIL (p). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 20, unless surveyor of taxes is appellant, 
 when add, To the overseers (q) of the parish of - , in the 
 said Union]. 
 
 I, - - [or, we], being a ratepayer [or, surveyor of taxes, or, 
 overseer or overseers of the said parish] of the said parish [or, if 
 borough council is appealing, I, - , being clerk to the borough 
 council of the borough of - , in the county of London, in which 
 
 (p} Who may appeal. " Any ratepayer and any surveyor of taxes, and 
 any overseer with the consent of the vestry of his parish, who may feel 
 aggrieved by the decision of the Assessment Committee on an objection 
 made before them to which he was a party " (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 
 1869, s. 32). " Katepayer " is defined in sect. 4 (see note (/), p. 1300, 
 ante'}. 
 
 To what sessions. The London quarter sessions, which must be held at 
 any time after February 1st in the year in which the list is made, so that 
 appeals may be determined by March 31st, except where a valuation list 
 or valuation is ordered under sects. 35 or 36 of the Valuation (Metropolis) 
 Act, 1869. If, however, it is impossible to hear all the appeals in the time 
 limited they may be heard after it has expired (R. v. London JJ ., [1893] 
 2 Q. B. 476). 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. On or before January 14th (Valuation 
 .(Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 42 (12)). 
 
 (7) See note (ft), p. 1282, ante.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST VALUATION LIST. 
 
 is situate the said parish], feeling aggrieved [or, which said council 
 feels aggrieved] by a decision of you, the said Assessment Com- 
 mittee, given on an objection made by me [or, by them] to the 
 valuation' list of the said parish before you, on the day of 
 
 , 19 , whereby you [give the effect of the decision] hereby 
 [or, in the case of an overseer, hereby with the consent of the 
 vestry of the said parish] give you notice [or, hereby on behalf of 
 the said council give you notice] that it is my [or, their] inten- 
 tion to appeal from the said decision to the next quarter sessions 
 for the county of London, to be holden at - , in the said 
 county, on the day of - , 19 . 
 
 [// the appellant is a surveyor of taxes, add the words at the 
 end of Form 26.] 
 
 And take notice that I desire the following correction to be 
 made in the said list with regard to the hereditament numbered 
 - therein. [Here specify the correction.] 
 Dated, &c. 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 26.] 
 
 1305 
 
 29. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a SUPPLE- 
 MENTAL VALUATION LIST from the ASSESSMENT COM- 
 MITTEE to the LONDON QUARTER SESSIONS by a 
 RATEPAYER, SURVEYOR of TAXES, OVERSEER, or BOROUGH 
 COUNCIL (r). 
 
 'To, &c. [as in Form 28]. 
 
 I, - , &c. [as in Form 28, inserting supplemental before 
 valuation list]. 
 
 And take notice that in my judgment, &c. [Form 26 at end]. 
 And take further notice, &c. [as in Form 28]. 
 
 Dated, &c. 
 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 26.] 
 
 (r) See note (p), supra.
 
 1306 
 
 RATING. 
 
 30. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL against a RATE to 
 QUARTER SESSIONS (s). 
 
 To the churchwardens and overseers of the parish of - , in 
 
 the county of [or, if the parish is outside the city of London, 
 
 To the borough council () of the borough of - , in the county 
 
 of London, in which is situate the parish of , and to - r 
 
 their clerk], and to , of - , in the said parish. 
 
 I, - , of - , in the said parish, being a person aggrieved 
 by a rate made for the reb'ef of the poor and for other purposes 
 chargeable thereon according to law, made on the - - day of 
 
 , 19 , and having material objections to the sums charged 
 
 to certain persons therein, give you notice of my intention to 
 appeal against the said rate to the next general quarter sessions 
 of the peace for the county of London [or, if in the City, see 
 note (s} below], to be holden at - , on the - - day of - , 
 19 . And that the grounds of my appeal are as follow: 
 
 OMISSION, EXEMPTION, NON-OCCUPATION, &c. 
 
 1. [Any of grounds 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 in Form 14, sub- 
 stituting rate for list where it occurs.] 
 
 ALTERATION IN LIST IMPROPERLY MADE. 
 
 2. That I am assessed at too great a sum in the said rate 
 
 in that the amount thereof is based on a valuation in the 
 valuation list improperly altered by the London County 
 
 (s) Who may appeal. See note (p), p. 1304, ante. By sect. 13 of the 
 Poor Kate Ass. & Coll. Act, 1869, owners made liable for rates have the 
 same right of appeal against the valuation list' and a rate as if they were 
 the occupiers. 
 
 To what sessions. If the parish is outside the City of London, to the 
 quarter sessions of the county of London. If within the City, to the 
 '' Court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London." 
 
 Respite of appeal. See note (p), p. 1274, ante. 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. The fifteenth day before the first day of 
 sessions (Quarter Sessions Act, 1849, s. 1), i.e., fourteen clear days' notice, 
 the day of service and that of the first sitting of the sessions being excluded 
 (Liffin v. Pitcher, 1 Dowl. N. S. 767; McQueen v. Jackson, [1903J 2 K. B. 
 163). 
 
 () See note (7t), p. 1282, ante.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST A RATE. 1307 
 
 Sessions [or, special sessions for the petty sessional divi- 
 sion of , in the county of London] on an appeal 
 
 before them, on the day of , 19 (it). 
 
 CLAIM FOR OWNER'S COMMISSION. 
 
 3. [Obj. 9 in Farm 8.] 
 
 RATE NOT BINDING ON APPELLANT THOUGH OTHERWISE VALID. 
 
 4. That my name ought to be struck out of the said rate 
 
 inasmuch as my assessment therein is based on a valua- 
 tion list which is not binding on me because [here incor- 
 porate any of the grounds of objection numbered 19 
 to 23 inclusive in Form 14, omitting you the said]. 
 
 5. That, &c. [as in obj. 3, supra] my assessment therein is 
 
 based on a valuation list which has not been amended 
 according to law in pursuance of a decision \_as in 
 obj. 10 in Form 2 (u)]. 
 
 6. [Obj. 13 in Form 8.] 
 
 7. [Obj. 14 in Form 8.] 
 
 RATE BAD AS BASED ON AN INVALID VALUATION LIST. 
 
 8. That the said rate is not of any force as being based on 
 
 a valuation list invalid in that no duplicate was sent 
 to us, being overseers (a;) of the said parish, by the 
 Assessment Committee, as required by sect. 14 or 
 sect. 47 (7) of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869. 
 
 9. That, &c. [as in obj. 8] invalid in that it was not at the 
 
 time of the making of the said rate deposited in the 
 place appointed by law. 
 
 10. That, &c. [as in obj. 8] invalid inasmuch as [here incor- 
 
 porate any of objections 24 to 50 inclusive in Form 14, 
 omitting you the said. And in addition vide objec- 
 tions 28, 29, and 30, infra]. 
 
 () Doubtful objection. 
 
 () See note (h), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 29
 
 1308 RATING. 
 
 No MEETINGS TO HEAR OBJECTIONS OR NOTICE THEREOF. 
 
 11. That, &c. [as in obj. 8] invalid in that no meetings to 
 
 hear objections thereto were held as required by law, 
 although due notice of objection was given. 
 
 12. [The same as obj. 11, supra, adding when re-deposited 
 
 after thereto.] 
 
 13. That, &c. [as in obj. 10] invalid in that no notice of a 
 
 meeting to hear objections to the said list when re- 
 deposited was published at the time or in the manner 
 required by law. 
 
 IMPROPER PROCEDURE ON REVISION BY ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE. 
 
 14. That, &c. [as in obj. 8, supra'] invalid in that the Assess- 
 
 ment Committee [incorporate any of the objections num- 
 bered 39 to 43 inclusive in Form 14, omitting you the 
 said]. 
 
 15. That, &c. [as in obj. 8, supra] invalid in that the Assess- 
 
 ment Committee heard objections thereto after re-deposit 
 which were not objections to alterations made by them 
 therein before re-deposit (y). 
 
 LIST NOT DULY APPROVED. 
 
 16. That, &c. [as in obj. 8, supra] invalid in that the Assess- 
 
 ment Committee did not duly finally approve the said 
 list [add, if necessary, in accordance with the times and 
 manner prescribed by law]. 
 
 TOTALS NOT FILLED IN. 
 
 17. That, &c. [as in obj. 8] invalid in that the totals of the 
 
 gross and rateable values of the said list were not filled 
 in by the Assessment Committee which approved the 
 said list. 
 
 (y) Sect. 42 (7) of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, limits the 
 inquiry to objections " to the alterations." But in practice original objec- 
 tions are sometimes heard. This is probably a bad ground as far as 
 regards the invalidating of the whole list,
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST A RATE. 
 
 No CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE. 
 
 18. That, &c. [as in obj. 8] invalid in that no such certificate 
 
 of compliance as is required by sect. 14 of the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869, is attached to the foot of the 
 said list. 
 
 DUPLICATES NOT SENT. 
 
 19. That, &c. [as in obj. 8] invalid in that no duplicates of 
 
 the said list approved by the Assessment Committee 
 were sent out as required by law (z). 
 
 No DEPOSIT AND RETURN BY LONDON C.C. 
 
 20. That, &c. [as in obj. 8, supra] invalid in that the said list 
 
 as approved by the Assessment Committee, was not de- 
 posited and returned as required by sect. 16 of the Valua- 
 tion (Metropolis) Act, 1869 (z). 
 
 RATE BAD No JURISDICTION TO MAKE. 
 
 21. [Any of objs. 17 to 19 inclusive in Form 8.] 
 
 RATE DEFECTIVE IN FORM. 
 
 22. [Any of grounds 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, and 27 of Form 8.] 
 
 23. That the declaration prescribed by sect. 73 and schedule 4 
 
 . of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, was not duly 
 made and signed as therein required. 
 
 RATE BAD AS RETROSPECTIVE, OR PROSPECTIVE, OR EXCESSIVE. 
 
 24. [Grounds 28, 29, and 30 of Form 8.] 
 
 RATE BAD. MADE FOR UNAUTHORISED PURPOSE. 
 
 25. [Ground 31 in Form 8.] 
 
 RATE BAD FOR VARIOUS REASONS. 
 
 26. [Any of grounds 32 to 36 inclusive in Form 8.] 
 
 (z) Doubtful objection. 
 
 29 (2) 
 
 1809
 
 1310 HATING. 
 
 APPEAL AGAINST RATING OF THIRD PERSON BASED ON INVALID 
 
 LIST. 
 
 27. That the assessment of you, the said , is too low, being 
 
 based on a valuation as altered by the Assessment Com- 
 mittee on an objection to the valuation list after re- 
 deposit, which was not an objection to an alteration 
 made by them therein before re-deposit (a) . 
 
 NAME ADDED AFTER RATE MADE. 
 
 28. That my name ought to be struck out of the said rate 
 
 inasmuch as it was inserted therein after it had beon 
 made and allowed. 
 
 PREMATURE, IMPROPER, OR NON-RETURN OF LIST. 
 
 29. That the said rate is not of any force as being based on a 
 
 valuation list which is invalid in that the Assessment 
 Committee did not send to the overseers (6) the said 
 list (c) and a copy thereof dated and signed by their 
 clerk as required by law. 
 
 30. That, &c. [see obj. 29, supra] Committee sent the said 
 
 list and the copy thereof before the time prescribed [or, 
 not dated and signed by your clerk, as required by law]. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 (a) See note (y}, supra. In view of the practice referred to it might 
 be difficult to sustain this objection. 
 
 (6) See note (h~), p. 1282, ante. 
 
 (c) This ground is applicable only if the list in question is a provisional 
 list.
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AGAINST TOTALS. 
 
 31. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL to the LONDON 
 QUARTER SESSIONS agamst TOTALS (d). 
 
 To (e) - , surveyor of taxes (/), to the Assessment Committee 
 ui' the - Union, in the county of London (#), and to , their 
 clerk, and to the overseers (h) of the parish of - , in the said 
 Union. 
 
 (d) Who may appeal. " Any Assessment Committee in the metropolis, 
 or in the county (see Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 3), in which 
 the parish to which the appeal relates is situate; any overseers in the 
 metropolis or such county, with the consent of the vestry of their parish; 
 any ratepayer (by sect. 13 of the Poor Kate Ass. & Coll. Act, 1869, owners 
 made liable for rates have the same right of appeal against the valuation 
 list and a rate as if they were the occupiers) in the metropolis or such 
 county ; and any body of persons authorised by law to levy rates or require 
 contributions .payable out of rates in the metropolis or such county " 
 (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 32). 
 
 Conditions precedent. As the appeal is consequent on alterations made 
 in individual assessments by sessions, &c., the appeal against totals cannot 
 be brought until these are finished, and therefore, as a consequence, out 
 of the time fixed, by the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 42 (12). 
 The practice now followed is to grant leave to serve additional notices of 
 appeal (under sect. 34) out of time. 
 
 To what sessions. To the London County Sessions. 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. January 14th in the same year as that 
 in which the list was made (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, ss. 4 and 
 42 (1) (12); and see "Conditions precedent," supra}. 
 
 (e) Notice to individual occupiers is not necessary, as it was decided 
 in London County Council v. Assessment Committee of St. George's 
 Union, [1894] A. C. 600, that an appeal against totals could not be brought 
 on the ground of the under-valuation of individual hereditaments. Where 
 property is put into a provisional list as increased, totals are not affected 
 (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 47 (11)). So where special sessions 
 alter a valuation (sect. 20). If quarter sessions alter a valuation there 
 is no express provision as in the case of alterations by special sessions; 
 but in R. v. Woolwich Union, [1891] 2 Q. B. 712, the rule was held to 
 be the same. 
 
 (/) Of the district to which the appeal relates (Valuation (Metropolis) 
 Act, 1869, s. 33). 
 
 (gr) The Committee which approved the list wholly or partly questioned 
 by the appeal (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 33). 
 
 (h) Where an Assessment Committee is the appellant. When the over- 
 seers are the borough council the form will be: 
 
 " To the borough council of the borough of - , in the county 
 of London, in which borough is situate the parish of ."
 
 1312 RATING. 
 
 I, - , of - - [see note (d) for who can appeal], being a 
 
 ratepayer of the parish of , in the county of - - [or, I, - , 
 
 being clerk to the Assessment Committee of the - Union, in the 
 county of London; or, I, - , being clerk to the - - [insert 
 name of the public body]; or, We, - , being overseers of the 
 
 parish of , in the county of London, with the consent of the 
 
 vestry of the said parish [or, if a borough council is overseer, I, 
 
 , being clerk to the borough council of the borough of - , 
 
 in the county of London, in which borough is situate the parish 
 
 of , omitting reference to the consent of the vestry], feeling 
 
 aggrieved [or, which feels aggrieved] for the reasons hereinafter 
 stated, hereby give you notice [or, hereby on their behalf give 
 you notice] that I [or, they] intend to appeal to the quarter 
 sessions for the county of London (a) against the valuation list 
 
 of the said parish of . And that the grounds of my [or, their] 
 
 appeal are: 
 
 1. That the total of the gross value of the said parish is too 
 
 high [or, too low]. 
 
 2. That the total of the rateable value of the said parish is too 
 
 high [or, too low]. 
 
 3. That there is no approved valuation list for the said parish 
 
 of . 
 
 And take notice that I [or, we] desire the following correction 
 to be made in the said list. [Here specify correction.] 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19. 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 (a) Omit the following words if the ground of appeal is that there is 
 no approved valuation list.
 
 APPLICATION TO AMEND ERROR IN A RATE. 1313 
 
 32. FORM OF NOTICE of APPLICATION to JUSTICES or to 
 a MAGISTRATE to AMEND a CLERICAL or ARITHMETICAL 
 ERROR m a RATE, under sect. 71 of the Valuation 
 (Metropolis) Act, 1869 (6). 
 
 To - (e), overseers of the parish of - , in the - - Union, 
 in the county of London [or, see (c)], and to - (d), of - . 
 
 Take notice that I, , of , feeling aggrieved by a cer- 
 tain clerical [or, arithmetical] error in a rate made for the said 
 parish on the - - day of - , 19 , for the relief of the poor 
 and other purposes chargeable thereon according to law, in which 
 rate [here specify the error complained of, e.g., the rateable value 
 of the hereditament numbered - therein is set down at 
 
 instead of ], do intend to apply to two of His Majesty's 
 
 justices of the peace [or, to - , Esq., a Metropolitan Police 
 
 Magistrate], sitting at - , on the - - day of , 19 , that 
 
 the said rate may be amended by the alteration of the said amount 
 of to [or, as may be]. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 (6) Who may appeal. Any person who feels aggrieved by reason of 
 the error. 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. Such notice as the justices may think 
 just. This will mean a reasonable notice. 
 
 (c) The overseers or person who made the rate (Valuation (Metropolis) 
 Act, 1869, s. 71). If the borough council is overseer their clerk signs the 
 rate, and the notice will be: 
 
 " To the borough council of the borough of , in the county 
 
 of London, in which borough is situate the parish of - , and 
 to , their clerk." 
 
 (d) To such persons as the justices or magistrates think fit. Apparently, 
 no summons is issued by the Court; the notice is given, and the ratepayer 
 appears or not, as he chooses. The question, therefore, as to the sufficiency 
 of the notice will only arise at the hearing.
 
 1314 RATING. 
 
 33: FORM OF NOTICE by OVERSEERS or BOROUJH 
 COUNCIL of APPLICATION to JUSTICES as to OMISSIONS 
 from, or MIS-DESCRIPTIONS of PERSONS in a KATE, under 
 sect. 72 of the Valuation (Metropolis} Act, 1869 (e). 
 
 To - , of - - (/). Take notice that we, , of , and 
 
 , of - , being overseers of the parish of , in the - 
 
 Union, in the county of London [or, if the borough council is 
 overseer, Take notice that the borough council for the borough of 
 , in the county of London, in which borough is situate the 
 parish of - ], do intend to make application to two of Hie 
 Majesty's justices of the peace [or, to - , Esq., a Metropolitan 
 Police Magistrate], sitting at - , on the - - day of - , 
 19 , that your name, as being that of a person liable to be rated 
 
 to a rate (g) made on the day of - , 19 , for the relief 
 
 of the poor and other purposes chargeable thereon according to 
 law, but omitted therefrom, be inserted therein [or, that a rate 
 made on the - - day of - , 19 , for the relief of the poor 
 and other purposes chargeable thereon according to law may be 
 corrected, in that you are incorrectly described therein as - . 
 And take notice that my application will be that the said incorrect 
 
 description be altered from to - - [or, that your correct 
 
 name as aforesaid be inserted] in the said rate]. 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19 . 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 (e] Who may apply. The overseers of the parish to which the list 
 relates. 
 
 Latest time -for giving notice. The eighth day before that on which 
 the application is to be heard (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 72). 
 
 (/) Insert the name of the person liable to be rated whose name is 
 omitted, or who is described in the rate by a wrong name. 
 
 (gr) This will depend on whether the person's name is inserted in the 
 valuation list; otherwise he is not "liable to be rated."
 
 NOTICE OF APPEAL AS TO OMISSIONS. 1315 
 
 34. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL to QUARTER SESSIONS 
 against the DECISION of JUSTICES as to OMISSIONS, &c. 
 from RATE, under sect. 72 of the Valuation (Metropolis) 
 Act, 1869 (A). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 30, omitting notice to third person], 
 
 I, - , of , hereby give notice of my intention to 
 appeal to the quarter sessions for the county of London [or, if the 
 parish is in the City, to the court of the Lord Mayor and Alder- 
 men of London] sitting at - , on the - - day of , 19 , 
 
 against a decision of - and - , two of His Majesty's justices 
 of the peace [or, of - , Esq., a Metropolitan Police Magistrate, 
 sitting at - ], given on the - - day of - , 19 , whereby 
 the said justices [or, the said magistrate] ordered my name to be 
 inserted in the rate made for the said parish on the day of 
 
 , 19, for the relief of the poor and other purposes chargeable 
 thereon according to law [or, whereby the said justices [or, the 
 said magistrate] altered my name set down as - therein to 
 
 as it now appears therein]. 
 
 And take notice that the grounds of my appeal are: 
 
 As TO ALTERATION OF NAME. 
 
 1 . That my name is not - , as now set down in the said rate 
 
 in consequence of the said decision. 
 
 As TO INSERTION IN THE RATE. 
 
 2. [Any of grounds in Form 30 appropriated] 
 
 NOT LIABLE TO BE RATED. 
 
 3. Thai 1 am not liable to be rated to the said rate within the 
 
 meaning of the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, 
 s. 72, inasmuch as my name does not appear in the 
 valuation list upon which the said rate is based. 
 
 (h) Who may appeal. The person whose name is altered or inserted. 
 To what sessions. To the quarter sessions holden next after such inser- 
 tion or correction (Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, s. 72). 
 Latest time for giving notice. See note (s), p. 1306, ante.
 
 RATING. 
 
 No JURISDICTION TO INSERT NAME. 
 
 4. That the court which gave the said decision was not properly 
 constituted (&). 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19. 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 III. OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THE METROPOLIS. 
 
 35. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL to QUARTER SESSIONS 
 against the GRANT of a CERTIFICATE of EXEMPTION 
 under the Scientific Societies Act, 1843 (fe). 
 
 To - , secretary [or, clerk] to the - - [name of the society}, 
 at [address of society]. Take notice that I [or, we], being 
 
 assessed to a rate made on the day of , 19 , for the 
 
 relief of the poor and other purposes chargeable thereon accord- 
 ing to law [or for any other purpose for which the rate may be 
 made, if a county, borough, parochial rate or cess] as to which 
 
 () E.g., only one justice adjudicated. 
 
 (&) Who can appeal. " Any person or persons assessed to any rate 
 from which any society shall be exempted by the Act" (i.e., the Scientific 
 Societies Act, 1843). 
 
 Conditions precedent. Only those grounds set forth in the notice can 
 be dealt with (Scientific Societies Act, 1843, s. 6). 
 
 To what sessions. To the quarter sessions for the county or borough 
 where the land or buildings of the society shall be situated (Scientific 
 Societies Act, 1843, s. 5). 
 
 Latest time for giving notice. "Twenty-one days previously to the 
 sitting of the Court" (Scientific Societies Act, 1843, s. 6). 
 
 Time within which the appeal must be brought. " Within four calendar 
 months next after the first assessment of such rate made after such certifi- 
 cate shall have been filed as aforesaid, or within four calendar months 
 next after the first assessment of such rate made after such exemption 
 shall have been claimed by such society " (Scientific Societies Act, 1848, 
 s. 6). Notice of the granting of the certificate to the makers of the rate 
 and to the collector was held to be a " claim for exemption," in R. v. 
 Pocock, 8 Q. B. 729. " [It means bringing the claim] to the knowledge 
 of the other ratepayers" (Lord Denman, C. J., at p. 740).
 
 APPEAL AGAINST GRANT OF A CERTIFICATE OF EXEMPTION. 1317 
 
 rate you. have obtained a certificate of exemption under the pro- 
 visions of the Scientific Societies Act, 1843, do intend to appeal 
 to the quarter sessions of the peace (1) for the county of - 
 [or, for the borough of - , in the county of - ], to be holden 
 at - , in the said county [or, borough], against the grant of the 
 said certificate by the Central Office of the Registry of Friendly 
 Societies. And that the grounds of my appeal are: 
 
 JURISDICTION. 
 
 1. That the said Central Office which purported to grant the 
 
 certificate was not properly constituted according to the 
 provisions of sect. 1 (1) of the Friendly Societies Act, 
 1896 (m). 
 
 2. That the said Central Office had no jurisdiction to grant the 
 
 said certificate inasmuch as the provisions of the Scien- 
 tific Societies Act, 1843, s. 2, and the Friendly Societies 
 Act, 1896, ss. 1 and 2, with respect to the submission 
 to the said Central Office of copies of all laws, rules, and 
 regulations for the management of the said society, 
 signed and countersigned as directed, have not been 
 complied with. 
 
 NOT IN FACT GRANTED. 
 
 3. That the document which purports to be a certificate of 
 
 exemption, granted by the said Central Office, was not in 
 fact granted as such by the said office or at all. 
 
 FORM. 
 
 4. That the certificate was not given in the form prescribed 
 
 by sect. 2 of the Scientific Societies Act, 1843 (n). 
 
 (Z) And if in the metropolis, outside the City, 
 "for the county of London." 
 
 If within the City, 
 
 11 appeal to the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of 
 London." 
 
 (TO) Which enacts that " the chief registrars and assistant registrars 
 . . . shall . . . constitute the Central Office." 
 
 (n) I.e., on each of the three copies submitted.
 
 RATING. 
 
 No ALLOWANCE. 
 
 5. That the said certificate was not allowed and confirmed by 
 the recorder of the proper court of quarter sessions for 
 the place where the said property is situate in the 
 manner prescribed by the Scientific Societies Act, 1843. 
 
 NON-OBSERVANCE OF FORMALITIES. 
 
 G. That the copy of the laws, rules and regulations of the 
 said society, with the certificate of the said Central OHice 
 indorsed thereon, is not filed as provided by sect. 2 of the 
 Scientific Societies Act, 1843 (o). 
 
 NOT IN OCCUPATION, NOR TENANT NOR OWNER. 
 
 7. That the said society is not in occupation of the said pro- 
 
 perty. 
 
 8. That the said society is neither tenant nor owner of the 
 
 said property (p). 
 
 NOT OCCUPYING FOR PURPOSES OF SOCIETY. 
 
 9. That the property in respect of which the said exemption 
 
 is claimed is not occupied by the said society for the 
 transaction of its business, or for carrying into effect its 
 purposes. 
 
 NOT WITHIN PURVIEW OF THE ACT. 
 
 10. That the said society was not constituted for the pur- 
 
 poses of science [or, literature, or the fine arts] exclu- 
 sively, within the meaning of the said Act. 
 
 11. That the said society is not supported either wholly or in 
 
 part by annual voluntary contributions. 
 
 12. That the said society has made and does make a dividend 
 
 [gift, division, or bonus] unto or between its members 
 or some of them. 
 
 13. That the said society has not by its laws prohibited the 
 
 (o) Doubtful objection, 
 (p) I.e.. is a trespasser.
 
 APPEAL AGAINST GRANT OF A CERTIFICATE OF EXEMPTION. 
 
 making of a dividend, gift, division, or bonus unto or 
 between its members or any of them (q). 
 
 Dated the - - day pf , 19. 
 
 Signed by and on behalf of the 
 above-named . 
 
 1319 
 
 36. FORM OF NOTICE of APPEAL to QUARTER SESSIONS 
 against the GRANT of a CERTIFICATE of EXEMPTION 
 under the Scientific Societies Act, 1843, on an ALTERA- 
 TION of RULES (V). 
 
 To, &c. [as in Form 35 to Friendly Societies], after certain altera- 
 tions in the rules, laws, and regulations of the said society affect- 
 ing and relating to the property and constitution thereof, 
 certifying, &c. [as in Form 35]. 
 
 JURISDICTION. 
 
 1. [Ground I in Form 35.] 
 
 2. That the said Central Office had no jurisdiction to grant the 
 
 said certificate in that the said society at the time of 
 the said alterations was not lawfully exempt from the 
 said rate, the certificate [purporting] to confer such 
 exemption not having been properly [or, in fact] ob- 
 tained (s) on the ground that [incorporate any of the 
 grounds in Form 35 applicable]. 
 
 (q) Sect. 1. There must be a direct prohibition; it is not sufficient 
 that the laws contain nothing to warrant such a division, &c. (ft. v. Jones, 
 8 Q. B. 719). 
 
 (r) A separate form is given for this appeal, as it is, perhaps, arguable 
 that a new exemption is conferred on the grant of this certificate. On 
 the alteration being made, the original exemption would (by implication) 
 seem to lapse, but for the concluding words of sect. 3, which continue 
 the exemption up to the grant or refusal of a certificate on the alterations; 
 a refusal terminating the exemption altogether; a grant conferring a 
 newly commencing exception. But more probably the second certificate 
 merely continues the exemption conferred by the first, and there is no 
 appeal at all against its grant. As to who can appeal, &c., see note (As), 
 p. 1316, ante. 
 
 (s) Probably not a good ground, as the original certificate is good until 
 appealed against. It is inserted here as it is clear from sect. 3 that the
 
 1320 RATING. 
 
 3. That the said Central Office had no jurisdiction to grant 
 
 the said certificate, the said alterations not having been 
 submitted to it within the time prescribed by law. 
 
 4. That the said Central Office had no jurisdiction to grant the 
 
 said certificate in that the said alterations were not sub- 
 mitted to it as prescribed by sect. 3 of the Scientific 
 Societies Act, 1843, and sects. 1 and 3 of the Friendly 
 Societies Act, 1896. 
 
 NOT IN FACT GRANTED. 
 
 5. [Ground 3 in Form 35.] 
 
 FORM. 
 
 6. [Ground 4 in Form 35.] (). 
 
 No ALLOWANCE. 
 
 7. [Ground 5 in Form 35.] (u). 
 
 NON-OBSERVANCE OF FORMALITIES. 
 
 8. [Ground 6 in Form 35.] 
 
 NOT IN OCCUPATION, NOR TENANT NOR OWNER. 
 
 9. [Ground 7 in Form 35.] 
 
 10. [Ground 8 in Form 35.] 
 
 NOT OCCUPYING FOR PURPOSES OF SOCIETY. 
 
 11. [Ground 9 in Form 35.] 
 
 NOT WITHIN PURVIEW OF THE ACT. 
 
 12. [Grounds 10 to 13 inclusive in Form 35.] 
 Dated, &c. 
 
 Signed, &c. 
 [As in Form 35.] 
 
 society which, on alteration of rules, submits them for certification, must 
 he a society already possessing a certificate, i.e., a valid one. 
 
 (<) I.e.. on the copy of the alterations (Scientific Societies Act, 1843, 
 ss. 2 and 3). Nothing is said as to the number of these copies. 
 
 () Doubtful objection.
 
 VALUATION LIST IN A PARISH. 
 
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 VALUATION LIST ( INSIDE METROPOLIS). 
 
 39. FOEM OF YALTJATION LIST in a Parish (Inside Metropolis) where there is no AGRICULTURAL LAND. 
 (Yal. (Metrop.) Act, 1869, s. 51, and Sched. II.) 
 
 Valuation List for [the Parish or Place for which the List is made\ in the Metropolitan Union of [or " not 
 being in union "] in the County of . 
 
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 1324 
 
 RATING. 
 
 40. FORM OF VALUATION LIST in a Parish (Inside Metropolis) where there is AGRICULTURAL LAND. 
 (Agric. Rates Order, 1896, Art. XVIII. (3), Sched. W2.) 
 
 SCHEDULE W2. 
 Form of Valuation List in Parishes in Metropolis in which there is any Agricultural Land as Defined by the 
 Agricultural Rates Act, 1896. 
 
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 RELEASES. 1329 
 
 RELEASES. 
 
 1. MUTUAL RELEASE of all CLAIMS by Two PERSONS (a). 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the - - day of - 19, 
 BETWEEN [A. B.], of, &c., of the one part, and [p. D.], of, &c., Parties, 
 of the other part, WITNESS ETH, that each of them the said Release. 
 [A. B.] and [>C. D.] hereby releases the other of them, his heirs, 
 executors, administrators, and assigns, and his and their estates 
 and effects, from all sums of money, accounts, actions, proceed- 
 ings, claims, and demands whatsoever, for or by reason or in 
 respect of any act, cause, matter, or thing whatsoever, up to the 
 day of the date of these presents. [PROVIDED ALWAYS, that Proviso that 
 
 1 V 11 
 
 nothing herein contained shall extend to release the said [C. D.], no t extend to 
 his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, or his or their claims of 
 estates or effects, from any claim or demand which the said executor (A). 
 [A. B.], as executor of the will of [-E. F.], of, &c., deceased, 
 now has, or hereafter may have against the said [C. D.] in re- 
 spect of any accounts or transactions between the said [C. D.] 
 and the said [E. F.], deceased.] 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 2. MUTUAL RELEASE of all CLAIMS between a PARTNER- 
 SHIP FIRM and an INDIVIDUAL (c). 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the - - day of , 19, 
 
 BETWEEN [partners], all of , merchants and co-partners, of Parties. 
 
 the one part, and [A. B.], of, &c., of the other part, WITNES- 
 
 ^(o) Where a release is intended to be general, it is better to avoid 
 introducing recitals specifying particular transactions between the parties, 
 as such recitals have frequently been held to operate so as to restrict or 
 control the effect of the instrument. 
 
 (6) This proviso may be inserted if it is intended that this release shall 
 not extend to claims by one of the parties against the other in a repre- 
 sentative character. 
 
 (c) See note (a), supra.
 
 1330 
 
 RELEASES. 
 
 SETH, that the said co-partners do, and each of them doth hereby, 
 Release. release the said [A. B.], his heirs, executors, administrators, and 
 assigns, and his and their estates and effects, And the said 
 [A. B.] doth hereby release the said co-partners, and each of 
 them, and the heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, and 
 estates and effects of them, and of each of them, from all sums 
 of money, accounts, actions, proceedings, claims, and demands 
 whatsoever, for or by reason or in respect of any act, cause, 
 matter, or thing whatsoever, up to the day of the date of these 
 presents. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 Parties. 
 Recitals: 
 
 between the 
 
 of agreement 
 
 expenses and 
 divide profits 
 
 proportions; 
 
 3. MUTUAL RELEASE of all CLAIMS by THREE PERSONS, 
 where a PARTICULAR TRANSACTION is RECITED. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19 
 
 of ascertained 
 
 oTnetTprofits 
 divisible ; 
 
 BETWEEN [A. B.], of, &c., of the first part; [C. D.J of, &c., of 
 the second part; and [E. F.] of, &c., of the third part: WHEREAS 
 ^ e P^ies hereto have recently been jointly engaged and inte- 
 rested in an undertaking for the construction of, &c. [describe. 
 nature of undertaking], under an agreement dated, &c., and made 
 between the said [A. B.], of the one part, and [X. Y.], of, &c., 
 of the other part, and several questions have arisen as to the 
 rights and liabilities of the parties hereto as between themselves 
 in respect of the said undertaking: AND WHEREAS, for the settle- 
 men t f 8uc h questions, it was agreed that the costs and expenses 
 of the said undertaking should be borne and paid by the parties 
 hereto in the shares and proportions following, that is to say, 
 three equal sixth shares thereof by the said [A. B.], two equal 
 sixth shares thereof by the said [C. D.], and the remaining one 
 equal sixth share thereof by the said [E. F.], and that they 
 should share the profits of the said undertaking (if any) in the 
 same proportions: AND WHEREAS an abstract of the receipts and 
 expenditure in respect of the said undertaking is set forth in the 
 schedule hereunder written, whereby it appears that the net profits 
 divisible in the proportions agreed upon as aforesaid amounted 
 to 600Z., and accordingly such amount has been distributed among 
 and received by the several parties hereto in the proportions or 
 sums following, that is to say, the sum of 300Z. by the said
 
 RELEASES. 1331 
 
 [A. B.], the sum of 200Z. by the said [C. D.], and the sum of 
 100Z. by the said [E. F.], as the parties hereto respectively 
 acknowledge: AND WHEREAS there have been divers other accounts, O f other 
 dealings, and transactions between the parties hereto, all of which t 118 * * 10118 - 
 have been adjusted and settled: NOW THIS INDENTURE Tettatum. 
 WITNESSETH, that in consideration of the premises, each of Release, 
 them the said [A. B.], [C. D.], and [E. F.] doth, and every 
 two of them do hereby release the others, and each of the others 
 of them, and their and his heirs, executors, administrators, estates 
 and effects, from all sums of money, accounts, actions, proceed- 
 ings, claims and demands whatsoever, which any ojie or any two 
 of them the said [A. B.], [C. D.], and [E. F.], now has, or 
 at any time heretofore has had, or may have had, against the 
 others or either of the others of them, for or by reason or in 
 respect of any act, cause, matter, or thing whatsoever, to the 
 date of these presents. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO. 
 
 4. RELEASE from CREDITOR to DEBTOR on RECEIVING a 
 SUM of MONEY in SATISFACTION of DISPUTED CLAIMS. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the - - day of , 19, 
 
 BETWEEN [releasor], of, &c., of the one part, and [releases], of, Parties. 
 
 &c., of the other part: WHEREAS the said [releasor] has from Recitals: 
 
 time to time, during several years past, advanced various sums 
 
 of money to or on the account of the said [releasee] ; and certain O f dealings 
 
 other dealings and transactions have taken place between them, between the 
 
 by means whereof the said [releasee] became indebted to the said 
 
 [releasor] in a considerable sum of money: AND WHEREAS the disputed 
 
 said [releasor] made certain claims and demands against the said CJ 
 
 [releasee], by reason of the transactions aforesaid, the validity 
 
 of some part of which claims and demands was denied by the 
 
 said [releasee]', in consequence whereof disputes and differences 
 
 arose between the said parties respecting the same: AND WHEREAS, agreement to 
 
 for the purpose of terminating and adjusting such disputes and 
 
 differences, it was lately agreed between the said [releasor] and payment of a 
 [releasee], that the said [releasee] should pay to the said [releasor] money.
 
 1382 
 
 RELEASES. 
 
 Testatum. 
 
 In considera- 
 tion of a 
 sum of money, 
 creditor 
 releases 
 all claims 
 to debtor. 
 
 the sum of 500Z., in full satisfaction and discharge of all claims- 
 and demands whatsoever; and that on receiving the same, the- 
 said [releasor] should execute to the said [releasee] such release 
 as is hereinafter contained: NOW THIS INDENTURE WIT- 
 NESSETH, that, in pursuance of the said agreement, and in 
 consideration of the sum of 500Z. now paid by the said [releasee] 
 to the said [releasor] (the receipt of which sum he the said 
 [releasor] hereby acknowledges), he the said [releasor] hereby 
 releases the said [releasee], his heirs, executors, and adminis- 
 trators, from all and all manner of sums of money, debte, 
 accounts, actions, proceedings, claims, and demands whatsoever, 
 which he the said [releasor] now has, or which he, his heirs,, 
 executors, or administrators, but for these presents, could, would, 
 or might, at any time or times hereafter, have, upon or against 
 the said [releasee], his heirs, executors, or administrators, for or 
 by reason or on account of any matter, cause, or thing Avhatso- 
 ever, up to and inclusive of the day of the date of these presents. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 Parties. 
 Recitals : 
 of will; 
 
 5. RELEASE of all DEMANDS from a RESIDUARY LEGATEE, 
 after ATTAINING the AGE of TWENTY-ONE YEARS, to 
 EXECUTORS and TRUSTEES. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19- 
 
 BETWEEN [legatee], of, &c., and [executors], of, &c.: WHEREAS- 
 [testator], late of , by his will, bequeathed unto his 
 sister [A. S.], and her assigns, during the residue of his term 
 in the leasehold property therein mentioned, if she should so- 
 long live, an annuity of 30L, and charged the same property 
 therewith; And bequeathed to his partner [R. T.] all his house- 
 hold goods, plate, linen, and furniture, on condition that the 
 money which would become payable by the said [R. T.] for the 
 said testator's interest in their stock in trade, should be paid 
 by four equal payments, at the end of the first six, twelve, 
 eighteen, and twenty-four calendar months, from the day of his 
 decease; And gave the residue of his personal estate (subject to- 
 various legacies), unto the said [executors], their executors, 
 administrators, and assigns, in trust for the maintenance of the- 
 said [legatee], his nephew (then of the age of thirteen years), until
 
 RELEASES. 
 
 he should attain his majority; and then, in trust for the said 
 
 [legatee], his executors, administrators, and assigns; AND of probate and 
 
 WHEREAS the said will was proved on the day of - , in the of annuity : 
 
 District Registry at of the Probate Division, by the said 
 
 [executors], the executors therein named, who have paid the said 
 annuity of 30Z. up to Lady day last past, inclusive, and have 
 paid all the debts and funeral and testamentary expenses of the 
 said testator: AND WHEREAS, the said [legatee] having attained of assignment 
 the ago of twenty-one years, the said [executors] have this day 
 assigned unto him the said leasehold property (but subject to the 
 said annuity), and have delivered to him all deeds and writings 
 relating thereto which were in their custody or power; AND of settlement 
 WHEREAS the said [executors] have this day stated and settled 
 with the said [legatee] a true, full and particular account in writ- 
 ing of and concerning all their payments, receipts and disburse- 
 ments, as such trustees and executors as aforesaid, up to this 
 day, so far as he is interested therein; which account has been 
 signed by the said [legatee], And by the said account there appears 
 to be due to the said [legatee] in respect of the said residue the 
 sum of 5,OOOL ; AND WHEREAS the said [executors] have duly O f payment 
 paid to the said [legatee] the sum of 4,8501., being the amount of f residue, 
 the said residue after deducting therefrom 150Z., for legacy duty legacy duty, 
 thereon at the rate of 3Z. per centum; NOW THIS INDEN- Testatum. 
 TURE WITNESSETH, that, in consideration of the premises, Release, 
 the said [legatee] hereby releases unto the said [executors] and 
 each of them, all actions, proceedings and causes of action or 
 proceeding, claims and demands whatsoever by virtue of the will 
 of the said testator, or in respect of his real or personal estate, 
 AND the said [legatee] hereby covenants with the said [executors] Covenant of 
 to indemnify them, and each of them, their heirs, executors and mdenmit y- 
 administrators, and all other persons whomsoever, from all suc- 
 cession duty payable in respect of the said leasehold heredita- 
 ments, and from all responsibility in respect of such assignment 
 and payment respectively. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c.
 
 1334 
 
 RELEASES. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 Recitals: 
 of will ; 
 
 of probate ; 
 
 of appoint- 
 ment of new 
 trustee ; 
 
 that trustees 
 have carried 
 on testator's 
 trade: 
 
 of incapacity 
 of two of the 
 cestuin que 
 trust. 
 
 Testatum. 
 
 Authority to 
 trustees 
 to carry 
 on trade ; 
 
 6. RELEASE and INDEMNITY by some of the PERSONS 
 beneficially INTERESTED under a WILL, to the TRUSTEES 
 
 CARRYING ON the TESTATOR'S TRADE Without AUTHORITY. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19- 
 
 BETWEEN [A. B.], of, &c., and [E.], his wife, and [J. B.], of, 
 &c., of the one part, and [P. B.], [S. B.], and [J. L.] (the 
 trustees'), of, &c., of the other part: WHEREAS [testator], by his 
 will, gave all his real and personal estate unto and to the use of 
 the said [P. B.], [S. B.], and TM. N.], their heirs, executors, 
 administrators, and assigns, upon trust for sale and conversion, 
 and, after payment of his debts and legacies, upon trust to pay 
 one equal fifth part of the residue of the produce of his said 
 estate unto his sister, the said [E. B.], for her separate use, one 
 other fifth part unto his brother [G. B.], the like unto his brother, 
 the said [J. B.], the like unto the said [P. B.] (one of the 
 trustees'), and the like unto his niece [S. M.], if she should attain 
 her majority, but if she should die under age, then equally among 
 such of the said [E. B.], [G. B.], [J. B.], and [P. B.], as should 
 then be living, the share of the said [E. B.], to be for her separate 
 use: AND WHEREAS the said will was proved at - , on the 
 
 day of , by the said [P. B.], and [S. B.], the surviving 
 
 executors therein named; And the said [J. L.] was, on the - 
 day of - , duly appointed to be a trustee under the said will, 
 in the room of the said [M. N.]: AND WHEREAS the goodwill of the 
 
 trade of a , carried on by the said testator until his death, 
 
 has been carried on by the said [P. B.], and [S. B.], and is 
 intended to be carried on by the said trustees until the same can 
 be advantageously sold; but it is apprehended that the said will 
 does not authorise the said trustees to carry on the said trade, 
 or in other respects to act to the best advantage in disposing of 
 the said trust property: AND WHEREAS the said [S. M.] is of 
 the age of sixteen years, and the said [G. B.] is not of sound, 
 mind: NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that, in 
 consideration of the premises, each of them, the said [A. B.], 
 and [E.], his wife, [J. B.], and [P. B.] (one of the trustees), 
 hereby declares that it shall be lawful for, but not incumbent, 
 on, the said [trustees], and other the trustees or trustee for the 
 time being under the said will, to carry on the said trade, and do 
 all usual acts for that purpose until they or he shall receive
 
 RELEASES. 1335 
 
 from the said [E. B.] and [J. B.], or either of them, or the 
 
 executors, administrators, or assigns, of either of them, or of the 
 
 said [P. B.], notice in writing to discontinue the same: AND to do such 
 
 to do such acts in carrying on the said business, or in relation competent 
 
 thereto, and to sell, demise, and deal with the said real and per- eettms qw 
 
 sonal estate of the said testator, or any part thereof, at such time authorise. 
 
 or times, and upon such terms, on credit or otherwise, as shall 
 
 from time to time be authorised in writing by the said [A. B.], 
 
 and [E.], his wife, [J. B.], and [P. B.], or any one or more of 
 
 them: PROVIDED that the authority so to be given, and the follow- Each ccstm 
 
 ing release and covenant for indemnity against the consequences of * * 
 
 any acts done in pursuance of such authority, shall not have any such acts only- 
 
 operation against, or be binding upon, any of the said parties authorise. 
 
 hereto, or his or her property or interest, except so far as he or 
 
 she individually may have given such authority; AND the said Release 
 
 [A. B.], and [E.], his wife, and [J. B.], hereby release the said &&,. *** 
 
 [trustees], and each of them, his heirs, executors, and adminis- 
 
 trators, from all 'present and future trusts, actions, proceedings, 
 
 and claims against them or any of them, on account of the said 
 
 trade having been so carried on as aforesaid, or of any involun- 
 
 tary loss which has been or may be sustained in the said trade, 
 
 or by reason of anything to be done in pursuance of such autho- 
 
 rity as aforesaid: AND the said [A. B.], and [E.], his wife, Covenant 
 
 and [J. B.], jointly and severally covenant with the said [trustees] of lndemmt y- 
 
 jointly and severally, And the said [P. B.] covenants with the 
 
 said [S. B.] and [J. L.], jointly and severally, that the said 
 
 covenanting parties respectively, and their respective heirs, execu- 
 
 tors, and administrators will at all times indemnify the said 
 
 [trustees] respectively, and their respective heirs, executors, 
 
 administrators, and assigns against all losses and liabilities con- 
 
 sequential on such trading as aforesaid, or on any acts to be done 
 
 in pursuance of these presents or of such authority as aforesaid; 
 
 And that the said trustees or trustee for the time being may Trustees to b& 
 
 retain, or allow or pay to their or his co-trustee or co-trustees, or ln( leinmfied 
 
 . J out of the 
 
 to the representatives of any deceased trustee, out of the respec- shares of the 
 tive shares of the said covenanting parties in the said trust pro- 
 perty, compensation for all such losses as they or he may sustain 
 as aforesaid, and that such compensation shall be a specific charge 
 on such shares, in priority to all other charges. 
 IN WITNESS, &c.
 
 1336 
 
 RELEASES. 
 
 of intent to 
 release claim 
 to void 
 bequest. 
 
 Testatum. 
 Release. 
 
 7. RELEASE by RESIDUARY LEGATEES of their SHARES in 
 a LEGACY, in CONFIRMATION of a GIFT void for REMOTE- 
 NESS. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19-, 
 
 Parties. 
 
 R*cital.s : 
 of will, death 
 of testator, 
 Ac.; 
 
 of state of 
 family ; 
 
 of question as 
 to validity of 
 bequest; 
 
 BETWEEN [A. B.], of, &c., and [C. D.J, of, &c., of the one part, 
 and [Y. Z.], of, &c., and [X. Z.], of, &c., of the other part 
 [recitals stating will bequeathing 10,OOOL to [W. Z.^\ -for life, 
 with remainder to his wife [F. Z.~], for her life, with remainder 
 to their children absolutely in equal shares, to vest at 25 years of 
 age, giving residuary personal estate to \_A. B.] and [C. D.], and 
 appointing them executors; death of testator and probate of his 
 will]: AND WHEREAS the said [V. Z.] died on the - - day of 
 , 19 , leaving her two only children, the said [Y. Z.] and 
 [X. Z.] her surviving; AND WHEREAS it is apprehended that the 
 gift contained in the said will of the said [testator] in favour of 
 the children of the said [W. Z.] and [V. Z.] was void for remote- 
 ness, and consequently that the reversion immediately expectant 
 on the death of the survivor of the said [W. Z.] and [V. Z.] in 
 the said sum of 10,OOOL became vested in the said [A. B.] and 
 [C. D.] as the residuary legatees under the said will; AND 
 WHEREAS the said [A. B.] and [C. D.], being desirous of effectuat- 
 ing the intention of the said testator in regard to the reversion 
 expectant as aforesaid in the said sum of 10,OOOL, have deter-- 
 mined and agreed to assign and release their respective shares 
 and interests of and in the same sum, and the stocks, funds, shares, 
 and securities in or upon which the same may be invested, and 
 the dividends, interest, and annual produce thereof, unto the said 
 [Y. Z.] and [X. Z.], in manner hereinafter appearing: NOW 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH (d), that, in pursuance 
 of the said agreement, and in consideration of the premises, they, 
 the said [A. B.] and [C. D.], do, and each of them doth hereby 
 assign and release unto the said [Y. Z.] and [X. Z.], and their 
 respective executors, administrators, and assigns, all the parts, 
 shares, and interests of them the said [A. B.] and [C. D.] respec- 
 
 (d) If a married woman is the recipient, it is not now in any case 
 necessary for her husband to concur in the deed. But where a release 
 is to be given by a woman, who was married and whose interest " accrued " 
 before 1883, it will be necessary to make her husband a party and to 
 express the release to be made by him as well as the wife.
 
 
 RELEASES. 1337 
 
 lively, and each of them, of and in the said sum of 10,OOOL 
 bequeathed as aforesaid by the said will of the said [testator], and 
 the stocks, funds, shares, and securities, in or upon which the 
 same may be invested, and the interest, dividends, and annual 
 produce thereof (e), To HOLD the said funds, shares, and interests, 
 -and all other the premises hereinbefore assigned and released unto 
 the said [Y. Z.] and [X. Z.], and their respective executors, 
 administrators, and assigns, as tenants in common, To THE INTENT 
 that the said sum of 10,OOOL, and the stocks, funds, and securities 
 in or upon which the same may be invested, and the interest, 
 dividends, and annual income thereof may henceforth, subject 
 to the life interest of the said [W. Z.] therein under the 
 said will of the said [testator], be absolutely vested in the said 
 [Y. Z.] and [X. Z.] in equal shares as tenants in common as 
 aforesaid, for their own absolute use and benefit. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 8. RELEASE to a RETIRING TRUSTEE of a SETTLEMENT. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the - - day of -, 19, 
 BETWEEN [A. B.], of, &c. [C. D.], of, &c., and [ ; E. D.], his Parties, 
 wife (formerly [E. B.]), and [F. G.] (formerly [F. B.]), widow 
 (being certain of the persons entitled, under an indenture of settle- 
 ment, dated the - - day of - , and made between [parties] to 
 the property therein comprised), of the one part, and [trustee], 
 of, &c. (who has lately retired from the trusts of the said inden- 
 ture), of the other part, WITNESS ETH that the parties hereto Testatum. 
 of the first part do, and each of them doth hereby release the said Release: 
 [trustee] from all claims and demands which may or might be ^P 1 a11 
 
 . . claims on 
 
 made against the said [trustee] by such parties, or any of them, account of 
 for or on account of any act, matter, or thing done, omitted or trust8; 
 suffered by the said [trustee] in or about the execution of the 
 trusts of the said indenture, and particularly from all actions, and from 
 proceedings, accounts, claims and demands for or on account of breaches 
 [describe particular breaches of trust], and they do hereby jointly of trust - 
 and severally covenant with the said [trustee] that they or some indemnity. 
 
 (e) No power of attorney is now necessary, provided notice is given to 
 the executors (see Judicature Act, 1873 (36 & 37 Viet. c. 66, s. 25 (6)).
 
 EELEASES. 
 
 or one of them, or the executors or administrators of them or 
 some or one of them, will or shall at all times hereafter sufficiently 
 keep indemnified the said [trustee] and his estate from and against 
 all actions, proceedings, accounts, claims, and demands which may 
 be instituted or made against the said [trustee'], his executors or 
 administrators, by any trustee of or person interested under the 
 said indenture of settlement, and not being a party hereto, for 
 or on account of, or in anywise in relation to, any of the matters 
 hereinbefore mentioned. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 9. EEL EASE of ONE of SEVERAL JOINT DEBTORS, with 
 RESERVATION of RIGHTS agamst OTHERS (/). 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the - - day of - -, 19, 
 
 Parties. BETWEEN [A. B.], of , of the one part, and [C. D.], of - , 
 
 Recitals. of the other part. WHEREAS the said [C. D.] is indebted jointly 
 with certain other persons to the said [A. B.j in the sum of 
 
 ; AND WHEREAS the said [A. B.] has agreed with the said 
 
 [C. D.] to release his claim against the said [C. D.], subject, 
 Testattim. nevertheless, to the proviso below stated. NOW THIS INDEN- 
 Release. TURE WITNESSETH that the said [A. B.] doth hereby release 
 and for ever discharge the said [C. D.], his executors, adminis- 
 trators, and assigns, from all liability, claim, or demand whatso- 
 ever for or in respect of the said indebtedness: PROVIDED, never- 
 theless, that the said [A. B.] reserves all his rights and remedies 
 against all other persons who are or may be jointly indebted with 
 the said [C. D.] to him. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 (/) A release of one joint debtor primd facie releases all others jointly 
 liable; but where the document of release contains in terms a reservation 
 of rights against the others, such release will be treated as a mere covenant 
 not to sue the released debtor, and his co-debtors remain liable (see In re 
 E. W. A., [1901] 2 K. B. 642, at pp. 648, 649).
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 1333 
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 1. DEED of SEPARATION, the HUSBAND allowing the WIFE 
 an ANNUITY during their JOINT LIVES, which is to be 
 paid to her FATHER, the TRUSTEE, while the WIFE lives 
 with him. COVENANT by the TRUSTEE to INDEMNIFY 
 the HUSBAND against the WIFE'S DEBTS. OTHER usual 
 COVENANTS. PROVISO vacating the DEED on RECON- 
 CILIATION (a concise form) . 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the day of -, 19, 
 
 BETWEEN [husband], of, &c., of the first part; [wife], the wife of Parties. 
 the said [husband], now residing at, &c., of the second part; and 
 [trustee], of, &c., the father of the said [wife], of the third part: 
 WHEREAS unhappy differences have arisen between the said Recital of 
 
 [husband] and [wife], by reason whereof they have mutually 
 
 agreed to live separate and apart from each other; and the said 
 
 husband has agreed to make to the said [wife], an allowance of 
 
 the annual sum of -- , during the joint lives of herself and the 
 
 said [husband], for her maintenance and support: NOW THIS Testatum. 
 
 INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that, in pursuance of the said Mutual 
 
 . . covenants. 
 
 agreement, and for the considerations herein appearing, the said 
 [husband], so far as the covenants and stipulations herein con- 
 tained ought to be performed or observed on his part, hereby 
 covenants with the said [wife], and, as a separate covenant with 
 the said [trustee], and the said [wife], so far as the covenants and 
 stipulations herein contained ought to be performed or observed 
 on her part, hereby covenants with the said [husband], and as a 
 separate covenant with the said [trustee]; and the said [trustee], 
 so far as the covenants and stipulations herein contained ought 
 to be performed or observed by himself or by the said [ivife], 
 hereby covenants with the said [husband], as follows, that is 
 to say: 
 
 1. THE said [wife] may at all times hereafter live separate Wife may 
 and apart from the said [husband], and free from his marital 
 control and authority, as if she were sole and unmarried, and may 
 from time to time reside at such place or places, and in such 
 
 B. VOL. n. 31
 
 1340 
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 Husband and 
 wife not to 
 molest each 
 other, &c. 
 
 Condonation 
 of previous 
 offence (a). 
 
 Husband 
 to pay an 
 annuity 
 to wife (b). 
 
 Dum cnsta 
 clause (d). 
 
 manner [and carry on such trade, business or occupation], as she 
 shall from time to time think proper, Avithout any interference 
 on tho part of the said [husband]. 
 
 2. NEITHER of them, the said [husband] and [wife] shall molest, 
 disturb, or interfere Avith the other of them in her or his manner 
 of living or othenvise, or compel or endeavour to compel the other 
 of them to cohabit or live Avith him or her by any legal proceed- 
 ings for restitution of conjugal rights, or otherwise hoAvsoever. 
 
 3. NEITHER of them, the said [husband] and [wife], shall take 
 any proceedings against the other of them for the purpose of 
 obtaining a divorce or judicial separation, in respect of any mis- 
 conduct; Avhich has or is alleged to have taken place on the part 
 of the other of them. 
 
 4. THE said [husband] shall, during the joint lives of himself 
 and the said [wife], or until they shall mutually agree to live 
 together again, and so long as the said [wife] and the said [trustee] 
 shall perform and observe the covenants and agreements on their 
 respective parts herein contained, pay to the said [wife] an annuity 
 or yearly sum of - for her separate use, but without power 
 of anticipation, by equal quarterly payments on the usual 
 quarter days, tho first of such payments to be made on the - 
 day of - , 19 , Avhich annuity shall be apportionable accord- 
 ing to law at the commencement and termination thereof (c): 
 PROVIDED ALWAYS that such annuity shall only be payable as 
 aforesaid, so long as the said [wife] shall live a chaste life. 
 
 (a) This clause ought not to be inserted as a matter of course without 
 instructions. For another form of this clause, see post, p. 1344. 
 
 (6) Sometimes it is arranged that the husband shall make to his wife 
 a weekly allowance, as follows: 
 
 ' THE said [husband] shall, during the joint lives of himself and 
 the said [wife], if they shall so long mutually agree to live sepa- 
 rately from each other, pay to the said [wife], for her separate 
 use, but without power of anticipation, on every Saturday, com- 
 mencing on the - - day of - - next, the clear Aveekly sum 
 of ." 
 
 (c) Under the Apportionment Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Viet. c. 35), annuities 
 are considerations accruing from day to day, and are accordingly appor- 
 tionable in respect of time. 
 
 (d} Such a clause does not come within the term " usual covenants " in 
 a separation deed agreed to as part of the terms of compromise of a divorce 
 suit (Hart v. Hart (1881), 18 Oh. D. 670).
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 1341 
 
 5. PROVIDED ALWAYS, and it is hereby agreed, that so long as Annuity to be 
 the said [wife] shall reside Avith her father, the said [trustee], father so long 
 the said annuity or yearly sum of -- , shall be paid to the residewith 
 said trustee at the times and in manner aforesaid in trust for the him (). 
 said [wife]; and the receipt of the said [trustee], signed by him, 
 
 shall be a good and sufficient discharge for so much of the said 
 annuity, or yearly sum of -- , as shall be therein acknowledged 
 or expressed to be received, and that the said [husband] shall not 
 be bound to see to the application thereof. 
 
 6. ALL articles of wearing apparel and personal ornament, and Chattels to be 
 also the articles of furniture and household effects specified in the separate 
 schedule hereunder written, which have been delivered by the property. 
 said [husband] to the said [wife], previously to the execution of 
 
 these presents (/), as she hereby acknowledges, shall belong to, 
 and may be retained or disposed of at pleasure by the said 
 [wife] as her separate property. 
 
 7. THE SAID [trustee] shall at all times hereafter keep indemni- Trustee to 
 
 r> i i i r? T 7-1 indemnify 
 
 ned the said I husband], his heirs, executors, and administrators, husband 
 
 against all the debts and liabilities which the said [wife] has ^^ t wle ' s 
 already contracted or incurred, or which she shall or may at any 
 time hereafter contract or incur, and against all actions, pro- 
 ceedings, accounts, claims, demands, costs, charges, losses, 
 damages and expenses for or on account of such debts or lia- 
 bilities, or anything in anywise relating to the premises. 
 
 8. IN CASE the said [husband] shall at any time or times here- Husband 
 after be called upon to pay or discharge, and shall actually pay pay w if e ' s 
 or discharge any debt or liability which the said [wife] has debts may 
 already contracted or incurred, or which she shall or may at amount from 
 any time hereafter contract or incur, then, and in every such annultv - 
 case, it shall be lawful for the said [husband] to deduct, retain, 
 and reimburse to himself out of the said annuity of -- , the 
 amount which he, the said [husband], shall have so paid in respect 
 of such debt or liability, together with all costs and expenses 
 which he shall have paid or incurred on account thereof; but so 
 
 (e) This clause is not usual, and should not be inserted without instruc- 
 tions, but may occasionally be found useful with or without modification. 
 
 (/) Possession of the chattels should be delivered to the wife before the 
 execution of the deed, in order to prevent questions from arising under 
 the Bills of Sale Acts. 
 
 31 (2)
 
 1342 
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 Provision for 
 reconciliation 
 or divorce. 
 
 Appointment 
 of new 
 trustees. 
 
 that this present proviso shall not render the said [husband] liable 
 to the payment of any debts of the said [wife], or prejudice any 
 right or remedy of the said [husband] under the covenant for 
 indemnity of the said ^trustee] hereinbefore contained. 
 
 9. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that in case the said [husband] and [wife] 
 shall at any time hereafter, with their mutual consent, come 
 together and cohabit with each other [or if their marriage shall 
 be dissolved, or if they shall be judicially separated from each 
 other in respect of anything done or suffered by either party after 
 the execution of these presents], then, and in such case [or, then 
 and in either of such cases], the said annuity of - shall cease 
 and be no longer payable, and thenceforth all the covenants and 
 provisions herein contained shall become void, but without pre- 
 judice to any act previously done hereunder, or any proceedings 
 on the part of any of the parties hereto in respect of any breach 
 then previously committed of all or any of the said covenants 
 or provisoes. 
 
 10. THE STATUTORY power of appointing new trustees of these 
 presents in the place of the said [trustee] or of any trustee to be 
 appointed in his place shall be vested in the said [wife]. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO. 
 
 Parties. 
 
 Recitals : 
 of marriage 
 and birth of 
 children ; 
 
 DEED of SEPARATION between HUSBAND and WIFE. 
 SPECIAL CLAUSE against MOLESTATION by HUSBAND. 
 SETTLEMENT by the HUSBAND of a SUM of STOCK for 
 the BENEFIT of the WIFE, for her LIFE, with remainders 
 for the BENEFIT of HERSELF and the CHILDREN of the 
 MARRIAGE. PROVISIONS as to the CUSTODY, MAINTEN- 
 ANCE, dc., of CHILDREN. Usual INDEMNITY CLAUSE by 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the 
 
 day of 
 
 19-, 
 
 BETWEEN [husband], of, &c., of the one part, [wife], of the second 
 part, and [trustee], of, &c., and [trustee], of, &c., of the third 
 part: WHEREAS the marriage between the said [husband] and 
 [wife 1 , his wife, took place on or about the - - day of - -, 
 
 19- 
 
 and there is issue of the marriage 
 
 children, namely
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 1343 
 
 state name* of children}-, AND WHEREAS unhappy differences of agreement 
 have arisen between the said ^husband] and [wife], in consequence separation ; 
 whereof they have mutually agreed to live separate and apart 
 from each other: AND the said [husband] has agreed to make the of agreement 
 said [wife] an allowance of the annual sum of - during the a u ^Buma 
 joint lives of them, the said [husband] and [wife 1 , for the separate year; 
 use of her, the said [wife], and the clothing, maintenance, and 
 education of the said [children], so long as they shall remain in 
 her custody or under her control under the provisions in that 
 behalf hereinafter contained : AND the said [husband] has agreed of agreement 
 
 that a sum of Preference Stock in the - - Railway Com- j J"* 1 " 
 
 pany, the property of him, the said [husband], shall be vested trustees; 
 in trustees, who shall stand possessed thereof, and the dividends, 
 interest, and annual produce upon such trusts as are hereinafter 
 declared of and concerning the same : AND WHEREAS the said f transfer of 
 sum of - stock has been this day transferred into the names 
 of the said [trustees], and the same is accordingly now standing in 
 their names in the books of the said company, as they, the said 
 [trustees], hereby respectively acknowledge ; AND WHEREAS the of agreement 
 said [trustees] have, at the request of the said [husband] and &c ^ 
 [wife], agreed to act as trustees of these presents for the purpose 
 of the arrangements intended to be hereby made, and to enter into 
 the covenants on their part and stipulations hereinafter contained: 
 NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that, in pursuance T^tatum. 
 of the said agreement, an<j for the consideration herein appearing, 
 the said [husband], so far as the covenants and stipulations herein 
 contained ought to be performed or observed on the part of him- 
 self, his heirs, executors, or administrators, hereby covenants with 
 the said [wife~\, and as a separate covenant with the said [trustees]; 
 AND the said [wife], so far as the covenants and stipulations 
 herein contained ought to be performed or observed on the part 
 oT herself, her heirs, executors, or administrators, hereby cove- 
 nants with the said [husband], and, as a separate covenant with 
 the said [trustees]; And the said [trustees], so far as the cove- 
 nants and stipulations herein contained ought to be performed or 
 observed on the part of the said [wife], or of them, the said 
 [trustees], or their respective heirs, executors, or administrators, 
 or any of them, hereby respectively covenant with the said 
 [husband] as follows, that is to say: 
 
 1 . THE said [wife] may at all times hereafter live separate "Wife may live
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 apart from 
 husband. 
 
 Covenant 
 against 
 molestation 
 by husband. 
 
 Covenant 
 against 
 molestation 
 by wife. 
 
 Mutual 
 covenants 
 against pro- 
 ceedings for 
 divorce, &c. 
 
 Trust for 
 investment. 
 
 and apart from the said [husband], and free from his marital 
 control and authority, as if she were sole and unmarried, and 
 may from time to time reside at such place or places, and in 
 such manner [and carry on such trade, business, or occupation] 
 as she shall from time to time think proper, without any inter- 
 ference on the part of the said [husband]. 
 
 2. THE said [husband] shall not, nor will molest, disturb, or 
 interfere with the said [wife] in her manner of living or other- 
 wise, or compel or endeavour to compel her to cohabit or live 
 with him by any legal proceedings for restitution of his conjugal 
 rights or otherwise howsoever, or sue, prosecute, or in any way. 
 molest or disturb any member or members of her family, or any 
 other person or persons, for receiving, harbouring, protecting, or 
 assisting her. 
 
 3. THE said [wife] shall not nor will molest, disturb, or inter- 
 fere with the said [husband], nor at any time or times hereafter 
 commence or institute any action or proceedings for restitution 
 of conjugal rights, or compel or attempt to compel him to allow 
 to her any alimony or maintenance for herself, or the said children, 
 other than such allowance as is hereinafter provided. - 
 
 4. No proceedings shall be instituted or prosecuted by or on 
 behalf of either of them, the said [husband] and [ivife] against 
 the other of them for the purpose of obtaining a divorce or 
 judicial separation, or otherwise in respect of any cause of com- 
 plaint which now exists or has arisen before the date of these 
 presents; and all misconduct (if any) which has been committed 
 or permitted by either of them against the other shall be deemed 
 to have been hereby forgiven and condoned; And in case at 
 any time hereafter any proceedings shall bo instituted or prose- 
 cuted by either of them against the other in respect of any cause 
 of complaint which may arise hereafter, no misconduct which 
 has, or is alleged to have been committed or permitted before the 
 execution of these presents, nor any act, matter, or thing relating 
 to any such misconduct, shall be pleaded, or alleged, or admitted 
 in evidence. 
 
 5. THE said [trustees] and the survivor of them, and the execu- 
 tors, administrators, or assigns of such survivor, or other the 
 trustees or trustee for the time being of these presents (herein- 
 after collectively referred to as the said trustees or trustee), shall 
 either allow the said sum of - Preference Stock, or any part
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 1345 
 
 thereof, to remain in the actual state of investment thereof, or 
 shall at any time or times, with the consent of the said [husband] 
 and [wife], during their joint lives, and of the survivor of them 
 during his or her life, and after the death of such survivor at the 
 discretion of the said trustees or trustee, to sell the same, or 
 any part thereof, and invest the proceeds of such sale in their 
 or his names or name in any of the securities authorised by the* 
 Trustee Act, 1893, the Colonial Stock Act, 1900, or the Metro- 
 polis Water Act, 1902, but not in any other investment. 
 
 6. THE said trustees or trustee shall stand possessed of, and Trusts of 
 
 interested in, the said sum of or the investments for the 8ettled fuud ' 
 
 time being representing the same, and dividends, interest, and 
 income thereof respectively, upon the trusts following, that is 
 to say : In trust to pay unto the said [wife], or allow her to receive 
 the income of such trust fund during her life, but without power 
 of anticipation, as well for the maintenance and support of herself 
 as for the maintenance, clothing, and education of the said 
 [children] during their respective minorities: And from and after 
 the death of the said [wife], if she shall die in the lifetime of 
 the said [husband], then in trust to pay unto the said [husband], 
 or allow him to receive the income of the said trust fund during 
 his life; And from and after the death of the survivor of them, 
 the said [husband] and [wife], shall stand possessed of, and inte- 
 rested in, the capital and future income of the said trust fund. 
 In trust for such one or more of the said [children] as, being sons 
 or a son, shall attain the age of twenty-one years, or being 
 daughters, or a daughter, shall attain that age, or marry under 
 that age, and if more than one, in equal shares: But if all the 
 said children shall die before attaining a vested interest in the 
 said trust fund, then the trustees or trustee for the time being 
 shall, from and after the death of the said ! husband], stand pos- 
 sessed of, and interested in, the capital and future income of the 
 said trust fund ~or of so much thereof as shall not have been 
 applied under any of the trusts herein expressed], as to one equal 
 moiety of such capital and income, In trust for the said [husband] 
 absolutely; And as to the other equal moiety thereof, upon and 
 for such trusts, interests, and purposes as the said [wife] shall by 
 deed, will, or codicil appoint, and in default of, and subject to, 
 any such appointment upon trust for the next of kin of the said 
 [wife] as if she had died intestate, and without her ever having
 
 1346 
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 Power of 
 advance- 
 ment. 
 
 Wife to have 
 her chattels 
 for her 
 separate use. 
 
 Surviving 
 husband 
 excluded from 
 wife's 
 property. 
 
 Husband 
 to allow 
 wife's will to 
 be proved. 
 
 Wife to have 
 custody of 
 children. 
 
 Provision as to 
 maintenance 
 of children. 
 
 been married. PROVIDED ALWAYS, and it is hereby agreed, that 
 the said trustees or trustee may, at any time or times after the 
 death of the said [husband] and [wife], or in their, his, or her 
 lifetime, with their, his, or her consent in writing, raise any 
 part, or parts, not exceeding in the whole one half of the then 
 vested, contingent, presumptive, or expectant share, or respective 
 shares, of any child or children of the said intended marriage in 
 the said trust fund under the trusts hereinbefore contained, and 
 pay or apply the same in or towards the advancement [including 
 in the term " advancement," the expenses of a college or univer- 
 sity education, or of preparation for any profession or employ- 
 ment, or competitive examination], or otherwise, for the benefit 
 of such child, children, or other issue, in such manner as the said 
 trustees or trustee shall think fit. 
 
 7. THE said [husband] shall permit and suffer the said [wife] 
 to have, possess, and enjoy for her exclusive use and benefit in 
 the same manner in all respects as if she were a feme sole, all the 
 articles of wearing apparel and personal use and ornament, and 
 all personal property and effects whatsoever now in her possession. 
 
 8. IF the said [wife] shall die in the lifetime of the said [hus- 
 band], all her separate estate and property, real and personal, of 
 which she shall not have disposed in her lifetime or by will, shall, 
 subject to her debts and liabilities, go and belong to the persons 
 or person who would have become entitled thereto if the said 
 [wife] had then died intestate and without ever having been 
 married. 
 
 9. IF the said [wife] shall die in the lifetime of the said 
 [husband], he shall permit her will (if any) to be proved, or 
 administration to her personal estate and effects to be taken out 
 by the persons or person who would have been entitled so to do, 
 if she had then died without ever having been married. 
 
 10. THE said [wife] shall have the sole custody and control of 
 and over ,all and every of the said [children], and of their educa- 
 tion and bringing up, until they shall respectively attain the age 
 
 of years, without any interference on the part of the said 
 
 [husband]. 
 
 11. THE said [wife] hereby accepts the provision made as afore- 
 said by clause 6 hereof as ample and sufficient for the mainten- 
 ance and support of herself, and for the maintenance, clothing, 
 and education of the said [children] until they shall respectively
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 1347 
 
 attain the age of - - years., a.nd the said [wife] shall accordingly 
 provide and pay for the maintenance, clothing, and education of 
 all and every of the said [children], until they shall attain that 
 a<i<', out of her own monies, including the income of the said trust 
 fund hereby .made payable to her during her life as aforesaid. 
 But the said [husband] shall pay the funeral expenses of any 
 child who shall die while residing or being with or under the 
 control of the said [wife']."] 
 
 12. THE said [male children] shall, as soon as they shall respec- Provision as 
 tively attain the age of - - years, be placed at the expense of & c e rf^m?' 
 the said [husband] at such schools in England, or, with the previous 
 
 consent in writing of the said [wife] [or, if preferred, of the 
 trustees or trustee for the time being of these presents], elsewhere, 
 as he shall from time to time think fit; and shall thereafter pass 
 their holidays, pr any other interval of time during which they 
 shall not be at any school, at such places and in such manner as 
 the trustees or trustee for the time being of these presents shall 
 from time to time direct, having regard to the reasonable wishes 
 of the said [husband] and [wife]. 
 
 13. THE said [wife] shall have full liberty, at her own expense, Provision as 
 either to place all and every of the said [female children], at such ? c e pf Catlon ' 
 schools in England [or elsewhere], as she shall from time to time daughters. 
 think fit. or to keep them in her own custody, maintain, and 
 
 educate them until they shall respectively attain the age of 
 twenty-one, or marry under th,at age, at such place or places in 
 England [or elsewhere], as she may from time to time reside hi: 
 And such of them, the said female children], as shall for the time 
 being be at such school, shall pass their holidays with the sa4d 
 [wife], or with such persons or person as she shall from time to" 
 time direct. 
 
 14. THE said [trustees], their heirs, executors, or administra- Covenant for 
 tors, shall and will at all times hereafter effectually keep harmless f 
 
 and indemnified the said [husband], his heirs, executors, and against wife'* 
 
 administrators, from and against all debts and liabilities which 
 
 the said [wife] shall or may hereafter contract or incur, and from 
 
 and against all actions, proceedings, accounts, claims, demands, 
 
 costs, charges, losses, damages, and expenses whatsoever, for or on 
 
 account of any such debts or liabilities, or for or on account of 
 
 any act, matter, or thing whatsoever hereafter to be contracted, 
 
 done or committed by the said [wife], under the powers and autho-
 
 1348 
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 Covenant for 
 
 further 
 
 assurance. 
 
 Provision for 
 
 reconciliation, 
 
 &o. 
 
 Clause as 
 to destruction 
 of settled 
 fund on 
 reconciliation. 
 
 Provision 
 as to appoint- 
 ment of new 
 trustees. 
 
 rities herein contained or otherwise, or to be occasioned by or 
 with her default, privity, means, or procurement, or on account, 
 or by reason of the board, lodging, clothing, maintenance, and 
 education of the said [children], or any of them, the costs ami 
 expenses whereof it is hereby agreed shall be exclusively paid 
 and borne by the said [wife] out of her own monies. 
 
 15. EACH of them, the said [husband] and [wife], or their 
 respective heirs, executors, or administrators, shall and will from 
 time to time, and at all times hereafter, execute and do all such 
 assurances and things as the other of them, or his or her executors, 
 administrators, or assigns, or the trustees or trustee for the time 
 being of these presents, shall reasonably require, for the purpose 
 of giving full effect to these presents and the covenants, stipula- 
 tions and provisions herein contained. 
 
 16. PROVIDED ALWAYS, that, in case the said [husband] and 
 [wife] shall at any time hereafter, with their mutual consent, come 
 together, and cohabit with each other [or if their marriage shall 
 be dissolved, or if they shall be judicially separated from each 
 other in respect of anything done or suffered by either party after 
 the execution of these presents], then, and in such case for then, 
 and in either of such cases], the trustees or trustee for the time 
 being of these presents shall stand possessed of and interested 
 in the said trust fund, and the income thereof, or so much thereof 
 as shall not have been applied or disposed of, under or by virtue 
 of these presents upon trust for the said [husband] absolutely, or 
 as he shall direct. 
 
 17. THE statutory power of appointing new trustees of these 
 presents in the place of the said [husband's trustee], or of any 
 trustee to be appointed in his place shall be vested in the said 
 I husband]', and the statutory power of appointing new trustees in 
 the place of the said [wife's trustee], or of any the trustee to be 
 appointed in his place shall be vested in said [wife]. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c.
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 1349 
 
 3. DEED of SEPARATION on COMPROMISE of PROCEEDINGS 
 for DIVORCE brought by the WIFE, ivho PURCHASES an 
 ANNUITY in the NAMES of TRUSTEES for BENEFIT of the 
 HUSBAND. 
 
 THIS INDENTUEE, made the day of -, 19, 
 
 BETWEEN [husband], of, &c., of the first part, [wife], of, &c., of Parties, 
 the second part, and [trustee], of, &c., and [trustee], of, &c., of 
 the third part: WHEREAS, by an agreement in writing, dated the Recitals: 
 
 day of - , and made between [parties], it was agreed that f agreement 
 a petition therein referred to, presented in the Divorce Division of petition for 
 His Majesty's High Court of Justice by the said [wife], for the ^ 
 dissolution of her marriage with the said [husband], should be and as to 
 dismissed upon the terms and conditions herein mentioned, and separation; 
 it was thereby agreed, amongst other things, that the said [hus- 
 band] and [wife] should live separately and apart from each other, 
 and that the said [wife] should purchase, in the names of the said 
 
 [trustees], a government annuity of , during the life and 
 
 for the interest of the said [husband], so long as he should continue 
 
 to live separate and apart from the said [wife], and that a deed 
 
 of separation containing all usual clauses (except the clauses 
 
 usually inserted in such a deed for the husband's indemnity by 
 
 a trustee from his wife's debts), should be executed by the saifl 
 
 parties, and that the costs of the said petition should be paid by 
 
 the said [husband] and [wife] in equal shares: AND WHEREAS, of purchase of 
 
 in pursuance of the said agreement, the said [wife] has purchased f or husband. 
 
 in the names of the said [trustees], a government annuity for the 
 
 sum of , during the life of, and in trust for, the said 
 
 [husband]: NOW THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH, that, n*tot m . 
 
 for effectuating the agreement, and in consideration of the cove- Covenants b y 
 
 husband : 
 
 nant hereinafter contained on the part of the said [wife], the- 
 said [husband] hereby covenants with the said [wife], and as a 
 separate covenant with the said [trustees], that the said [wife] may that wife may 
 from time to time, and at all times hereafter, live separate and l ive a P art 
 apart from the said [husband], her husband, as if she were sole 
 and unmarried, and that she shall be free from the power, com- 
 mand, restraint, control, and authority of him the said [husband], 
 and shall and may live and reside at such place or places, and 
 
 in such manner as to her shall from time to time seem meet; And not to molest 
 
 her. 
 that he, the said [husband], shall not nor will molest nor disturb
 
 1350 
 
 SEPARATION DEEDS. 
 
 Further 
 testatum. 
 
 Covenant by 
 wife not 
 to molest 
 husband. 
 
 Declaration of 
 trust of 
 annuity. 
 
 Cesser of 
 
 annuity 
 
 on breach of 
 
 husband's 
 
 covenants. 
 
 Proviso for 
 reconciliation. 
 
 in any way whatsoever, nor endeavour to molest or disturb the 
 said [wife], by any legal proceeding or proceedings, or in any way 
 whatsoever, in her person, or in her manner of living, or in any 
 way endeavour to compel her, the said [wife'], to cohabit or live 
 with him, the said [husband], or to enforce any restitution of con- 
 jugal rights, nor shall, or will, without the consent of the said 
 [wife], visit her, or knowingly come into any house or place where 
 she shall or may reside, or be, or send, or cause to be sent, any 
 letter or message to her, nor shall, nor will, sue or prosecute any 
 person or persons for receiving, harbouring, lodging, or assisting 
 her, but that she, the said [wife], notwithstanding coverture, may 
 in all things live as if she were sole and unmarried, without the 
 restraint of the said [husband]: AND THIS INDENTURE 
 FURTHER WITNESSETH, that, in further pursuance of the 
 said agreement, and for the considerations aforesaid, she, the 
 said [wife], hereby, for the purpose of binding any property 
 settled to her separate use, covenants with the said [husband], 
 his heirs and administrators, that she, the said \_wife], shall not. 
 nor will at any time hereafter, molest or disturb, or endeavour to 
 molest or disturb, the said [husband] in any way whatsoever, or in 
 any way compel, or endeavour to compel, him, the said [husband], 
 to cohabit or live with her, the said [wife], or to enforce any resti- 
 tution of conjugal rights, nor shall require, or by any means what- 
 soever endeavour to compel the said [husband] to allow her any 
 alimony or maintenance: PROVIDED ALWAYS, and it is hereby 
 .agreed and declared that the said [trustees] shall, quarterly, during 
 the life of the said [husband], so long as he shall continue to live 
 separate and apart from the said [wife], pay to the said [husband 
 the said annuity of , by equal half-yearly payments, on 
 
 the day of - , and the - - day of - , the first of such 
 
 payments to be made on the - - day of - , 19 : PROVIDED 
 ALWAYS, that if the said [husband] and [wife] shall, \\ilh their 
 mutual consent, come together and live as man and wife, or if 
 the said [husband] shall commit any breach of the covenant or 
 agreement hereinbefore contained on his part, the provision made 
 
 for him by the said annuity of , shall thereupon absolutely 
 
 cease and be void, and thereafter the said annuity shall be payable 
 and be held in trust for the said [wife], her executors, adminis- 
 trators, and assigns: PROVIDED ALWAYS, and it is hereby agreed 
 and declared that in case the said [husband] and [wife] shall at
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 1351 
 
 any time hereafter, with their mutual consent, come together and 
 cohabit as man and wife, then, and in such case, and thenceforth 
 the covenants and agreements herein contained shall become null 
 and void, except as hereinbefore provided with regard to the 
 said annuity: PROVIDED LASTLY, that the statutory powers 
 appointing new trustees, or a new trustee of these presents, when Appointment 
 and so often as any vacancy shall occur, shall vest in, and be trustees, 
 exercisable by the said [wife]. 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 1. FORM of HIRING SCHEME by COUNTY COUNCIL. 
 
 RADNORSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL. 
 Small Holdings Acts, 1892 and 1907. 
 
 Scheme for the Provision by the Radnorshire County Council 
 of Small Holdings at the Cwm Farm, Llanyre, in the 
 County of Radnor. 
 
 1 . The Cwm Farm contains an acreage of about 280'091 acres, 
 and is situated in the parish of Llanyre, in the county of Radnor, 
 and is within 1| miles of the railway station at Llandrindod 
 Wells. 
 
 The acreage of 280'091 acres includes 9'407 acres of plantations 
 which the owner proposes to retain. 
 
 2. The council have taken a lease of the farm for fourteen 
 years from the 25th March, 19 -, at an annual rental of 
 186/. 10s. (including tithe), with an option to extend the lease 
 for a further term of seven years upon paying an additional rent 
 of SOL per annum. 
 
 3. As a consideration for the lease the council also agreed to 
 pay:- 
 
 (a) Compensation to the outgoing tenant for unexhausted 
 
 improvements. 
 
 (b) Compensation to Mr. Dyke, who had agreed to take the
 
 1352 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 farm from the 25th March, 19 , but who agreed to 
 relinquish his claim on payment of compensation, 
 (c) The cost of repairing the Cwm Farm house and build- 
 
 ings, which is estimated to cost 100/. 
 
 4. The amount estimated to be spent on the adaptation of 
 the farm for small holdings is as follows: 
 
 
 
 (a) Cost of providing an additional house and buildings 
 
 on the farm 250 
 
 (b) Provision of gates and gateposts 42 
 
 (c) Provision of fencing 42 
 
 334 
 
 5. It is proposed to divide the farm into fourteen small hold- 
 ings. The following are particulars of the acreage and rents 
 proposed to be charged for each holding. The council will pay 
 the tithe, but the tenant of each holding is required to pay the 
 rates and taxes in respect of his holding. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Acreage. 
 
 Proposed Rents. 
 
 Hoi 
 
 ling Ji 
 
 "o. 1. The Cwm 
 
 48-459 
 50-989 
 24-278 
 12-042 
 22-226 
 7-560 
 7-804 
 11-480 
 13-551 
 24-583 
 24-462 
 
 12-677 
 8-086 
 
 .. 
 65 
 62 
 18 
 10 10 
 17 10 
 10 10 
 12 
 15 15 
 13 
 17 10 
 18 
 
 8 
 10 10 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Upper House 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 \ 
 
 13) " 
 14 
 
 
 6. The area of holding No. 2 cannot be let under the provisions 
 of the Acts relating to the size of small holdings. 
 
 7. The holdings consist principally of pasture land, and the 
 land is very suitable for sheep, cattle and poultry rearing. 
 
 8. The arable land on the farm is about twenty-six acres. 
 
 9. The county council reserve power to vary, with the sanction
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, the above scheme 
 mid conditions, if at any time it should appear desirable to do so. 
 
 Approved by the Board of Agriculture and 
 Fisheries this Twenty-third day of May, 
 Nineteen hundred and eight. 
 
 (Signed) M. T. BAINES, 
 
 Commissioner. 
 
 1353 
 
 2. FORM of PUECHASE and HIRING SCHEME by COUNTY 
 COUNCIL. 
 
 - COUNTY COUNCIL. 
 
 Small Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908. 
 
 Scheme for the provision by the - - County Council of Small 
 Holdings at - , in the County of . 
 
 The council propose to purchase - , which has an area of 
 , and is situated - , for the sum of - . 
 
 The council propose to take on lease for years from - 
 
 next, with option of renewal, - , comprising - , situated 
 
 , at an annual rental of . 
 
 [The adaptation and division of the land for small holdings 
 will be regulated by a subsequent scheme.] 
 
 It is [not] proposed to spend [anything] on equipment or adap- 
 tation. 
 
 It is proposed to divide the land into - - holdings, to be let 
 as follows: 
 
 Acreage. Minimum Rent. 
 
 A. B. P. *. d. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 8. 
 
 The council propose to redeem the land tax. 
 
 The tenant of each holding will be required to pay the rates
 
 1354 
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 in respect of his holding, and also his proportion of the tenant 
 right valuation (if any) on entry. 
 
 The scheme will be carried into effect [at once] as soon after 
 the completion of the purchase as may be reasonably practicable. 
 
 The council reserve power to vary, with the sanction of the 
 Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, the above scheme, if at any 
 time it should appear desirable to do so. 
 
 3. FORM of SCHEME dealing with LAND PURCHASED COM- 
 PULSORILY. 
 
 COUNTY COUNCIL. 
 
 Small Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908. 
 
 Scheme for the provision by the - - County Council of Small 
 Holdings at - , in the County of - . 
 
 1. The council propose to proceed as soon as may be to lake 
 all necessary steps, under the compulsory order confirmed by the 
 Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, on the - , for the com- 
 pulsory purchase of the following lands, viz.: 
 
 2. Any agreement between the council and any person inte- 
 rested as to the purchase-money or compensation to be paid shall 
 be subject to the approval of the Board of Agriculture and 
 Fisheries. 
 
 3. If the council, without the consent of the said Board, shall, 
 under the power in that behalf contained in sect. 39 of the Small 
 Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908, withdraw a notice to treat 
 as regards any of the said lands, this scheme shall thereupon cease 
 to apply to that land. 
 
 4. The adaptation and division of the land for small holdings 
 will be regulated by a subsequent scheme.
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 4. FORM of NOTICE of DRAFT SCHEME. 
 
 Small Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908. 
 
 NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that a draft scheme has been 
 prepared by the - - County Council for the acquisition of (a) 
 for small holdings. Information as to the contents of the 
 draft scheme can be obtained from the clerk of the council. Any 
 objection to the draft scheme is to be sent in writing to the Board 
 of Agriculture and Fisheries within one week from the date of 
 the publication of this notice. 
 
 5. MODEL RULES as to SMALL HOLDINGS for ADOPTION by 
 COUNTY COUNCILS and COUNCILS of COUNTY BOROUGHS 
 issued by the BOARD of AGRICULTURE and FISHERIES, 
 with FORMS of APPLICATION and AGREEMENTS for LET- 
 TING and SALE. 
 
 Small Holdings Acts, 1892 and 1907. 
 
 Rules made by the (b) - - with respect to Small Holdings pro- 
 vided by the Council under the Small Holdings Acts, 1892 
 and 1907. 
 
 INTERPRETATION OF TERMS. 
 
 1. Throughout these regulations the expression "the council" 
 means the said council, and includes any committee or sub-com- 
 mittee of the council appointed under the Small Holdings Acts, 
 1892 and 1907; the expression "the Act of 1892" means the 
 Small Holdings Act, 1892; the expression " the Act of 1907 ?: 
 means the Small Holdings and Allotments Act, 1907; and the 
 expression " the said Acts " means the Small Holdings Acts, 
 1892 and 1907. 
 
 REGISTER OF HOLDINGS. 
 
 2. In addition to the list and map or plan required to be kept 
 by them, under sect. 8 of the Act of 1892 (c), of holdings sold or 
 
 (a) Insert locality and description of land. 
 
 (6) Insert " county council of ," or " mayor, aldermen and burgesses 
 
 of the borough of , acting by the council." 
 
 (c) Sect. 14 of Act of 1908. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 32
 
 1356 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 let, the council shall keep a list of the small holdings intended to 
 be sold or let by thorn, and a map or plan showing the size, 
 boundaries and situation of each such holding. Every holding in 
 either list shall be distinguished by a separate number. Tho 
 lists, maps, or plans required to be kept, under sect. 8 of the 
 Act of 1892 (c), and these rules, shall be deposited at the office 
 of the clerk to the council, or at some other convenient place 
 appointed by the council, and shall be open at all reasonable times 
 to the inspection of any person desiring to acquire a small holding 
 from the council. 
 
 NOTIFICATION OF THE OFFICER TO RECEIVE APPLICATIONS. 
 
 3. The council shall from time to time, as they may consider 
 necessary, give notice, by advertisement in one or more local 
 newspapers, or by bills or placards, or otherwise, of the officer[s] 
 to whom persons desiring to acquire small holdings from the 
 council shall apply. 
 
 PERSONS ELIGIBLE TO BECOME PURCHASERS OR TENANTS. 
 
 4. The persons eligible to be purchasers or tenants of small 
 holdings shall include every person Avho has informed the council 
 of his or her desire to acquire a small holding, and has satisfied 
 the council of his or her ability to cultivate properly a small 
 holding of the size and character desired. Provided that no 
 person shall be eligible to be a purchaser or tenant of a small 
 holding which, with any holding already acquired or held by 
 such person under the said Acts, or otherwise, would make up 
 an area exceeding fifty acres, unless, at the date of sale or letting, 
 the total annual value of the holdings for the purposes of income 
 tax would not exceed 50 . 
 
 A quitting tenant of land shall not for the purposes of this rule 
 be treated as holding the land. 
 
 No person under the age of twenty-one years shall be eligible 
 to bo a purchaser or tenant [unless the performance of his con- 
 tract or agreement is secured to the satisfaction of the council]. 
 
 (c) Sect, 14 of Act of 1908,
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 NOTICES TO BE GIVEN FOR THE SALE OR LETTING OF HOLDINGS. 
 
 5. The council shall give public notice to persons eligible to be 
 purchasers or tenants of a small holding, by advertisement in- 
 serted in one or more local newspapers, or by bills or placards 
 posted in some conspicuous places in the parish in which the 
 small holding is situate, or otherwise, setting forth the particulars 
 as to any small holding which they propose to sell or let. 
 
 Such notice shall specify the holding to be sold or let, and the 
 size thereof, the price or rent to be paid for the same, the najme 
 and address of the clerk to the council, or other person appointed 
 by the council, to whom applications for the purchase or hiring 
 of the holding, or for forms of application, are to be sent, and 
 the last day for receiving an application for the holding. 
 
 If any special condition is to apply to the letting of a holding, 
 the notice shall specify such condition, or state where copies of 
 the form of agreement for letting of such holding may be seen. 
 
 If the tenant is to pay for tenant-right or compensation for 
 improvements, this fact and the amount to be paid, if then ascer- 
 tained, shall be stated in the notice. 
 
 RENTS TO BE CHARGED FOR HOLDINGS. 
 
 6. The rents at which small holdings are offered to be let shall 
 be fixed at such reasonable amount as will, in the opinion of the 
 council, guard them against loss, and recoup to the council all 
 expenses incurred by them in relation to the land, whether for 
 purchase-money, expenditure, or adaptation of the land, or other- 
 wise. 
 
 RULES AS TO THE SALE OR LETTING OF HOLDINGS, AND FOR PRE- 
 VENTING ANY UNDUE PREFERENCE IN THE SALE OR LETTING 
 THEREOF. 
 
 7. The council shall not sell or let any holding unless and 
 until notice that they propose to sell or let the same has been 
 duly given, in pursuance of the rule in that behalf, at least [two] 
 weeks before the last day for receiving an application for the 
 holding. 
 
 Every application for a holding shall be in the form in the 
 appendix to these rules, and shall be sent or delivered to the 
 
 32 (2) 
 
 1357
 
 1358 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 clerk to the council or other person appointed by the council for 
 that purpose. 
 
 In selling or lotting a holding for which there are two or 
 more applicants Avho, under these rules, arc eligible to become 
 purchasers or tenants, preference shall be given to applicants who 
 have for - - months or more been resident in the (d] - , and 
 preference shall also be given to an applicant who does not already 
 hold any agricultural land exceeding five acres, either from the 
 council or otherwise, over an applicant who does hold such land, 
 but subject to these preferences the purchaser or tenant shall 
 be determined by the drawing of lots by the council. A quitting 
 tenant of land shall not for the purposes of this rule be treated 
 as holding that land. 
 
 AGREEMENTS FOR LETTING HOLDINGS. 
 
 8. When the council have decided to let a holding to an appli- 
 cant, an agreement shall be signed by the clerk to the council on 
 behalf of the council, and by the applicant. The agreement 
 shall be in the form in the appendix to these rules, or to the like 
 effect, unless the council and the applicant agree to vary the 
 form. 
 
 CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH ALL HOLDINGS ARE TO BE HELD BY 
 
 TENANTS. 
 
 9. Every agreement for letting a holding shall contain the 
 following conditions, unless the same are inapplicable to the 
 holding: 
 
 (1) The tenant shall keep the holding free from weeds, and 
 
 well manured, and otherwise maintain it in a proper 
 state of cultivation. 
 
 (2) The tenant shall himself cultivate the holding, and shall 
 
 not use it for any purpose other than agriculture, horti- 
 culture, the keeping and breeding of live stock, poultry, 
 or bees, the growth of fruit, vegetables, or the like, 
 or other purpose of husbandry. 
 
 (3) The tenant shall keep every hedge that forms part of the 
 
 holding properly cut and trimmed, keep all drains and 
 
 (d) Insert " county " or " borough."
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 1359 
 
 watercourses thereon cleared and open, and maintain and 
 keep in repair, and, where necessary, tar or paint, any 
 other fences and any gates on the holding. 
 
 (4) The tenant shall not, without the written consent of the 
 
 council, underlet, assign, or part with the possession of 
 the holding or any part of it. 
 
 (5) The tenant shall not, without the written consent of the 
 
 council, cut or prune any timber or other trees, or take, 
 sell, or carry away any mineral, gravel, sand, or clay. 
 
 (6) The tenant shall not, without the written consent of the 
 
 council, erect more than one dwelling-house on the hold- 
 ing, and any dwelling-house erected by the tenant shall 
 comply with such requirements as the council may 
 impose for securing healthiness and freedom from over- 
 crowding. [This will be omitted if a special condition 
 prohibiting erection of a dwelling-house is inserted.] 
 
 (7) The tenant shall not use, or permit to be used, any dwelling- 
 
 house or building on the holding for the sale of intoxi- 
 cating liquors. 
 
 (8) The tenant shall not, without the written consent of the 
 
 council, break up any pasture. 
 
 (9) The tenant shall, as regards the holding, observe and per- 
 
 form all conditions and covenants contained in the lease 
 under which the council hold the land. 
 
 AGREEMENTS FOR SELLING HOLDINGS. 
 
 10. When the council have decided to sell a holding to an 
 applicant, an agreement shall be signed by the clerk to the 
 council on behalf of the council, and by the applicant. The agree- 
 ment shall be in the form in the appendix to these rules, or to 
 the like effect, unless the council and the applicant agree to vary 
 the form. 
 
 EXEMPTION OF CERTAIN SALES AND LETTINGS FROM THESE RULES. 
 
 11. The foregoing rules shall not apply to any land let to an 
 association, or to any holding sold or let before the date of the 
 confirmation of these rules, or to any holding which the council, 
 under special circumstances to be recorded in their minutes, may 
 decide to sell or let otherwise than in accordance with these rules.
 
 1360 
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 REDEMPTION OF PURCHASE-MONEY CHARGED ON A HOLDING. 
 
 12. The amount for the time being unpaid in respect of the 
 purchase-money of a small holding may be discharged, and any 
 terminable annuity in respect of purchase-money may be re- 
 deemed, at any time on payment to the council of the balance 
 which shall be found due after debiting the owner of the holding 
 with the capital amount of the unpaid purchase-money and the 
 interest accrued thereon, and crediting him with any payment* 
 made by him on account of the purchase-money, annuity, or 
 interest, with half-yearly rests. This provision does not apply 
 to any part of the purchase-money secured by a perpetual rent- 
 charge. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Form of Application for Purchase or Hiring. 
 
 To the clerk to the (e) . 
 
 I the undersigned hereby make application for the purchase [or 
 a tenancy] of one [or No. - ] of the holdings provided by the 
 council at . 
 
 1. Name . 
 
 2. Residence . 
 
 3. Age . 
 
 4. Occupation . 
 
 5. How long resident in the (/) . 
 
 6. Whether holding any agricultural land exceeding five acres, 
 
 and if so 
 
 (a) From whom . 
 
 (b) Extent of land so held . 
 
 (c) Whether he is quitting the land, and if so, when. 
 
 7. What proportion of the purchase-money will the applicant pay 
 
 on completion? (g). 
 
 8. How is it proposed to pay the residue of the purchase- 
 
 money? (#). 
 
 In the event of my application being granted, I agree when re- 
 quired by the council to sign an agreement for the purchase [or 
 letting] in the form prescribed by the rules, and to pay the stamp 
 
 (e) Insert "county council of ," or "town council of the borough 
 
 of ." 
 
 (/) Insert " county " or " borough." 
 
 (gr) Strike out these questions if the application is for a tenancy.
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 1361 
 
 duty on such agreement (7i), and to pay for tenant-right and com- 
 pensation for improvements the sum stated in the notice of letting 
 (or such sum as shall bo found due to the outgoing tenant for such 
 matte rsj. 
 
 Signature . 
 
 Date . 
 
 [On bade of the application print sub-sects. (3), (4), (5), and (6) 
 of sect. 6 of the Act of 1892 ().] 
 
 Form of Agreement for Letting. 
 
 Agreement made this - - day of - , 19 , between the (fc) 
 
 (hereinafter called the council) of the one part, and - - of 
 
 (hereinafter called the tenant) of the other part, whereby the 
 
 said council agree to let, and the said tenant agrees to hire as a 
 yearly tenant from the - - day of - , 19 , the holdingfs] 
 numbered - - in the register of small holdings kept by the 
 council and containing - - or thereabouts, at the yearly rent of 
 - payable half -yearly, and at a proportionate rent for any part 
 of a year over which the tenancy may extend. 
 
 The tenancy is subject to the provisions endorsed on this agree- 
 ment and to the following conditions: 
 
 (a) The rent shall be paid on the - - day of - - and the - 
 
 day of - in each year clear of all deductions (except 
 land tax and landlords' property tax). 
 
 (b) The tenant shall keep the holding free from weeds, and well 
 
 manured, and otherwise maintain it in a proper state of 
 cultivation . 
 
 (c) The tenant shall himself cultivate the holding and shall not 
 
 use it for any purpose other than agriculture, horticulture, 
 the keeping or breeding of live stock, poultry or bees, the 
 growth of fruit, vegetables or the like, or other purpose of 
 husbandry. 
 
 (d) The tenant shall keep every hedge that forms part of the 
 
 holding properly cut and trimmed, keep all drains and 
 watercourses thereon cleared and open, and maintain and 
 keep in repair and where necessary tar or paint any other 
 fences and any gates on the holding. 
 
 (h) Strike out the rest of the paragraph if the application is for 
 purchase. 
 
 (t) Sub-sects. (3), (4), (5) and (6) of sect. 11 of Act of 1908. 
 
 (&) Insert " county council of - ," or " town council of the borough 
 of ."
 
 1362 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 (e) The tenant shall not without the written consent of the council 
 
 underlet, assign, or part with the possession of the holding 
 or any part of it. 
 
 (f) The tenant shall not without the written consent of the council 
 
 cut or prune any timber or other trees, or take, sell or carry 
 away any mineral, gravel, sand or clay. 
 
 (g) The tenant shall not without the written consent of the council 
 
 erect more than one dwelling-house on the holding, and 
 any dwelling-house erected by the tenant shall comply 
 with such requirements as the council may impose for 
 securing healthiness and freedom from overcrowding. 
 (This will be amitfied if a special condition prohibiting 
 erection of a dwelling-house is inserted.) 
 
 (h) The tenant shall not use or permit to be used any dwelling- 
 house or building on the holding for the sale of intoxicating 
 liquors. 
 
 (i) The tenant shall not without the written consent of the council 
 break up any pasture. 
 
 (j) The tenant shall, as regards the holding, observe and perform 
 all conditions and covenants contained in the lease under 
 which the council hold the land. 
 
 (k) Anj r member or officer of the council shall be entitled at any 
 time to enter and inspect the holding. 
 
 (1) The tenancy may be determined by the council at the expira- 
 tion of any year of the tenancy by [twelve calendar months] 
 previous notice in writing 
 
 (1) in the event of the death of the tenant; or 
 
 (2) if the council are of opinion that the tenant is unable 
 to cultivate the holding properly; or 
 
 (3) if any condition or term of the letting is broken and 
 the tenant does not remedy the breach (if capable of 
 remedy) after an opportunity of doing so has been given 
 him by the council; or 
 
 (4) if the council desire to resume possession of the 
 holding, but in that case the tenant shall be entitled to 
 compensation under ajid in accordance with the provisions 
 of section eleven of the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1908. 
 
 (m) The council may without previous notice determine the 
 tenancy forthwith by notice in writing 
 
 (1) if the rent is in arrear for not less than 40 days; or 
 
 (2) if the tenant becomes bankrupt or compounds with 
 his creditors;
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 and in either of such cases the tenant shall be liable to 
 pay rent pro raid to the time of quitting under the notice, 
 (n) The tenancy may also be determined by the tenant at the 
 expiration of any year of the tenancy by [twelve] calendar 
 months' previous notice in writing. 
 
 The expression "tenant" shall include his executors, adminis- 
 trators and assigns. 
 
 Signed , 
 
 1363 
 
 Witness . Clerk to the 
 
 Signed - , 
 Witness . Tenant . 
 
 [Any covenants by the council as to repairs or otherwise and any 
 special conditions affecting the holding shall be endorsed on the 
 agreement] (7). 
 
 Form of Agreement for Sale. 
 
 Agreement made this - - day of - , 19 , between the (m) 
 - (hereinafter called the council) of the one part, and - - of 
 (hereinafter called the purchaser) of the other part. 
 
 1. The council hereby agree to sell and the purchaser hereby 
 
 agrees to purchase at the price of the holding numbered 
 
 in the register of small holdings kept by the council, of which 
 holding the council are registered as the proprietors with [here state 
 title], subject to the conditions contained in section nine of the Small 
 Holdings Act, 1892. 
 
 2. The purchase shall be completed on the - - day of , 
 
 19 [the date shall be such day as the council determine, being not 
 less than on# month after the applicant is informed that the council 
 have decided to, sell to him], at the office of - ; and if from any 
 cause whatever the purchase shall not be completed on the day 
 above-named, the purchaser shall pay interest on his purchase- 
 money at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum from that day until 
 actual completion. Any outgoings, current rents and profits shall 
 be apportioned to the above-named date for completion, the pur- 
 chaser paying to the council on completion the estimated amount 
 of the proportion due to the council. 
 
 3. The holding is sold subject to the liabilities, rights, and inte- 
 rests specified in the schedule to this agreement, and also to all other 
 
 (Z) See post, p. 1365, for clauses to be added to protect the council in 
 the case of land intended to be cultivated as a market garden. 
 
 (m) Insert " county council of ," or " town council of the borough 
 
 of ."
 
 1364 
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 rights of way, water and drainage, easements, quit rents, land tax, 
 tithe, or tithe commutation rent-charge (if any) affecting the holding, 
 and to all rights (if any) of adjacent owners, and to all charges and 
 liabilities (if any) of a local nature affecting the holding. 
 
 4. If any error, mis-statement or omission in the particulars of 
 the holding, or in the measurements or boundaries thereof, be dis- 
 covered, the same shall not annul the sale, nor shall any compensa- 
 tion be allowed in respect thereof. The identity of the holding shall 
 bo assumed without any evidence beyond that afforded by a com- 
 parison of the description in the register of small holdings kept 
 by the council, and the land certificate. 
 
 5. The purchaser will, under section nineteen of the Land Transfer 
 Act, 1897, be registered as proprietor with an absolute title, and 
 shall not be entitled to any evidence that the holding is not subject 
 to any liability, right or interest mentioned in the eighteenth section 
 of the Land Transfer Act, 1875, which is not specified in the schedule 
 to this agreement, except a statutory declaration to that effect made 
 by the clerk to the council. The council shall not be bound to 
 furnish any abstract of title, or to produce any deeds or any evidence 
 of title, except as hereby expressly provided. 
 
 6. On payment of [the part of the purchase-money agreed to be 
 paid by 'the applicant on completion] the purchaser shall be entitled, 
 free of charge by the council, to a land certificate issued in pur- 
 suance of the Land Transfer Rules relating to provisionally regis- 
 tered transfers, or, at the option of the council, to a transfer of the 
 holding in the prescribed form ready for registration, and prepared 
 by and at the expense of the council, and also to the land certificate 
 [or if the sale is of a part only of the land comprised in the title, 
 the land certificate having been deposited by the council with the 
 Land Registry for the registration of the purchaser]. The fee 
 payable on such registration shall be paid by the council. The 
 purchaser shall at the same time execute a charge iii the prescribed 
 form to be prepared by and at the expense of the council in respect 
 of any perpetual rent-charge, charge repayable by half-yearly in- 
 stalments, or terminable annuity, to secure a part or the residue of the 
 pur chase -money for the small holding. 
 
 7. The purchaser shall at the request of the council sign any 
 application to the Land Registry which is necessary for the purpose 
 of carrying out the sale. 
 
 8. If the purchaser shall fail to comply with any of the terms of 
 this agreement the council may by notice rescind the agreement.
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 [Here insert particulars of any liabilities, rights and interests 
 referred to in sect. IS of the Land Transfer Act, 1875, which are 
 known to the Council.] 
 
 NOTE. The following clauses may be added to the agreement 
 for letting where it is desired, in the case of land likely to be 
 cultivated as a market garden, to protect the council from undue 
 liability: 
 
 (1.) This holding is not let as a market garden, but if the tenant 
 executes any of the following improvements, viz.: 
 
 (a) Planting of standard or other fruit trees permanently set out; 
 
 (b) Planting of fruit bushes permanently set out; 
 
 (c) Planting of strawberry plants; 
 
 (d) Planting of asparagus, rhubarb, and other vegetable crops 
 
 which continue productive for two or more years; 
 
 he shall on the determination of the tenancy be entitled to receive 
 from the council such sum as fairly represents the increase (if any) 
 in value of the holding to the council due to those improvements, 
 having regard particularly to the then unexpired term of their lease, 
 which terminates at , 19 . 
 
 (2.) The tenant may, in lieu of claiming compensation for any 
 fruit or other trees or bushes planted or acquired by him, remove 
 the same before the determination of the tenancy, levelling the sur- 
 face of the land and restoring the same to a proper state and condition 
 and making good any damage caused by the removal. 
 
 (3.) For the purpose of protecting the council from any claim 
 for compensation for the above-mentioned improvements, other than 
 such as they hereby expressly agree to pay, such improvements are 
 to be treated as prohibited for the purpose of sect. 47 of the Small 
 Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908.
 
 1366 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 6. MODEL REGULATIONS for PARISH COUNCILS <tx to ALLOT- 
 MENTS, issued by the BOARD of AGRICULTI ui; and 
 FISHERIES, with FORMS of APPLICATION and AGREE MK NT 
 for LETTING. 
 
 Allotments Acts, 1887 to 1907. 
 
 Regulations made by the Parish Council of - - with respect 
 to Allotments for the Pcaish of - . 
 
 INTERPRETATION OF TERMS. 
 
 1. Throughout these regulations the expression "the council" 
 means the parish council of - , and includes any committee of 
 the council, and the expression " the parish " means the parish 
 of . 
 
 DEFINITION OF THE PERSONS ELIGIBLE TO BE TENANTS OF THE 
 ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 2. Any man or woman who at the time of application to the 
 council for an allotment has been resident in the parish for not 
 less than - - months, and belongs to the labouring population, 
 shall be eligible to become a tenant of an allotment, subject to 
 the statutory provision that one person shall not hold allotments 
 acquired under the above-mentioned Acts exceeding Jive acres. 
 
 DIVISION OF THE LAND INTO ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 3. The council, before giving notice of their intention to let any 
 land for allotments shall divide the land, and shall cause a plan 
 to be prepared showing each allotment, and distinguishing it by 
 a separate number. They shall enter each allotment under its 
 number in the register required to be kept under sect. 15 of the 
 Allotments Act, 1887 (). 
 
 NOTICES TO BE GIVEN FOR THE LETTING OF THE ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 4. The council shall give public notice by bills or placards, 
 posted in some conspicuous places in the parish, or otherwise 
 
 () Sect. 31 of Small Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908.
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 exhibited therein, setting forth the particulars as to any allot- 
 ments which they propose to let. 
 
 Such notice shall specify the allotments to be let, and the size 
 thereof, the rent to be paid for the same, the name and address 
 of the clerk to the council to whom applications for the hiring of 
 an allotment, or for forms of application, are to be sent, and the 
 last day for receiving an application for an allotment. 
 
 If any special condition is to apply to the allotments, or any 
 of them, the notice shall specify such condition, or state where 
 copies of the form of agreement for letting for such allotments 
 may be seen. 
 
 If the tenant is to pay for tenant-right or compensation for 
 improvements, this fact and the amount, if then ascertained, shall 
 be stated in the notice. 
 
 REGULATIONS AS TO THE LETTING OF THE ALLOTMENTS, AND FOR 
 PREVENTING ANY UNDUE PREFERENCE IN THE LETTING 
 
 THEREOF. 
 
 5. The council shall not let any allotment unless and until 
 notice that they propose to let the same has been duly given in 
 pursuance of the regulation in that behalf at least [two] weeks 
 before the last day for receiving an application for such allotment. 
 
 Every application for an allotment shall be in the form 
 appended to these regulations, and shall be sent or delivered to 
 the clerk to the council. 
 
 In letting an allotment for which there are two or more appli- 
 cants eligible to become tenants and likely to keep the allotment 
 in a proper state of cultivation, preference shall be given to an 
 applicant who does not hold an allotment or agricultural land 
 (other than a garden of twenty poles or less attached to his resi- 
 dence), either from the council, or otherwise, over an applicant 
 who does hold such land, but, subject to such preference, the 
 tenant shall be determined by the drawing of lots by the council. 
 A quitting tenant of land shall, for the purposes of this regula- 
 tion, be treated as not holding that land. 
 
 AGREEMENTS FOR LETTING ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 6. When the council have decided to let an allotment to an 
 applicant, an agreement shall be signed by the clerk to the council 
 on behalf of the council, and by the applicant. The agreement 
 
 1367
 
 1368 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 shall be in the form appended to these regulations, or to the like 
 effect, unless the council and the applicant agree to vary the form. 
 
 GENEBAL CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE ALLOTMENTS ARE TO 
 BE CULTIVATED. 
 
 7. The tenant of an allotment shall comply with the following 
 conditions: 
 
 (1) He shall keep the allotment free from weeds, and well 
 
 manured, and otherwise maintain it in a proper state of 
 cultivation. 
 
 (2) He shall not cause any nuisance or annoyance to the occu- 
 
 pier of any other allotment, or obstruct any path set 
 out by the council for the use of the occupiers of the 
 allotments. 
 
 (3) He shall not underlet, assign, or part with the possession 
 
 of the allotment, or any part of it. 
 
 (4) He shall not, without the written consent of the council, 
 
 cut or prune any timber or other trees, or take, sell, 
 or carry away any mineral, gravel, sand, or clay. 
 
 SPECIAL CONDITIONS APPLICABLE ONLY WHEN NOTICE OF THEIR 
 APPLICATION TO PARTICULAR ALLOTMENTS HAS BEEN GIVKX 
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE REGULATIONS. 
 
 8. The tenant of an allotment shall comply with any of the 
 following conditions, of which notice of their application to the 
 allotment has been given, in accordance with these regulations. 
 
 (1) He shall keep every hedge that forms part of the allot- 
 
 ment properly cut and trimmed, keep all ditches properly 
 cleansed, and shall maintain and keep in repair any 
 other fences and any gates on the allotment. 
 
 (2) Ho shall not, without the written consent of the council, 
 
 erect on the allotment any building except [here insert 
 toolhouse, greenhouse, fowlhouse, pigsty, or such other 
 building as, in the opinion of the council, should be 
 permitted to be erected by the tenant}. 
 
 (3) He shall not, without the Avritten consent of the council, 
 
 plant in the allotment any fruit trees or bushes, straw- 
 berry plants, asparagus, rhubarb, or other market garden
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 crops which continue productive for two or more years. 
 [This regulation shall only be applied where the land 
 has been hired by the council (o).] 
 
 (4) He shall not, without the written consent of the council, 
 
 break up any pasture. 
 
 (5) He shall not use barbed wire for a fence adjoining any path 
 
 set out by the council for the use of occupiers of the 
 allotments. 
 
 (6) Ho shall, as regards the allotment, observe and perform 
 
 all conditions and covenants contained in the lease under 
 which the council hold the land. 
 
 (7) He shall observe and perform any other special condition 
 
 which the council consider necessary to preserve the 
 allotment from deterioration, and of which notice to 
 applicants for the allotment is given in accordance with 
 these regulations. 
 
 NOTICE OF DETERMINATION OF A TENANCY TO BE GIVEN TO TENANTS 
 OF ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 9. The council shall give to the tenant of any allotment not 
 less than - - months' notice of the determination of his tenancy, 
 such notice to take effect on [the 25th day of March or the 29th 
 day of September]; provided always that this regulation shall 
 not apply in the case of the determination of a tenancy in pur- 
 suance of sect. 8 of the Allotments Act, 1887 (p). 
 
 EXAMINATION OF THE REGISTER OF ALLOTMENTS BY RATEPAYERS. 
 
 10. The register required to be kept under sect. 15 of the Allot- 
 ments Act, 1887 (g), showing the particulars of the tenancy, acre- 
 age, and rent of every allotment let, and of the unlet allotments, 
 
 shall be deposited at , and shall be open at all reasonable 
 
 hours to the examination of any ratepayer in the parish. 
 
 (o) See note on this rule, post, p. 1372. 
 (p) Sect. 30 of Act of 1908. 
 q] Sect. 31 of Act of 1908. 
 
 1369
 
 1370 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 EXEMPTION OF CERTAIN LETTINGS FROM THESE REGULATIONS. 
 
 11. These regulations shall not apply to any land let to an 
 association, or to any allotment let before the date of the con- 
 firmation of these regulations, or to any allotment which the 
 council, under special circumstances to be recorded in their 
 minutes, may exempt from these regulations. 
 
 Form of Application for Allotments. 
 
 To the clerk to the parish council of - . 
 
 I the undersigned hereby make application for one [or No. - 
 
 of the allotments provided by the council at . 
 
 1. Name . 
 
 2. Residence . 
 
 3. Age - 
 
 4. Occupation . 
 
 5. How long resident in the parish . 
 
 6. Whether holding any allotment, or agricultural land (other than 
 
 a garden of twenty poles or less attached to my residence), 
 and if so 
 
 (a) From whom . 
 
 (b) Extent of land so held . 
 
 (c) Whether quitting the land, and if so why - . 
 
 In the event of my application being granted, I agree when 
 required by the council to sign an agreement for letting in the form 
 prescribed by the regulations, and to pay the stamp duty on such 
 agreement, and to pay for tenant right and compensation for 
 improvements the sum stated in the notice of letting [or such sum 
 as shall be found due to the outgoing tenant for such matters]. 
 
 Signature . 
 
 Date . 
 
 Form of Agreement for Letting. 
 
 Agreement made this - - day of - , 19 , between the parish 
 council of - - (hereinafter called the council) of the one part, and 
 
 of - (hereinafter called the tenant) of the other part, whereby 
 the said council agree to let, and the said tenant agrees to hire as 
 a yearly tenant from the - - day of - , 19 , the allotments] 
 numbered - - in the register of allotments provided by the council 
 and containing or thereabouts [(r) subject to the exceptions and 
 
 (r} Omit words in brackets if inapplicable.
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 reservations contained in the lease under which the council hold 
 the land], at the yearly rent of - - payable half-yearly and at a 
 proportionate rent for any part of a year over which the tenancy 
 may extend. 
 
 The tenancy is subject to the regulations endorsed on this agree- 
 ment and to the following conditions: 
 
 (a) The rent shall be paid (s) on the day of , the 
 
 day of - - [the - - day of - , and the - - day of 
 ] in each year. 
 
 (b) The tenant shall keep the allotment free from weeds, and 
 
 well manured, and otherwise maintain it in a proper state 
 of cultivation. 
 
 (c) The tenant shall not cause any nuisance or annoyance to the 
 
 occupier of any other allotment, or obstruct any path set 
 out by the council for the use of the occupiers of the allot- 
 ments. 
 
 (d) The tenant shall not underlet, assign, or part with the pos- 
 
 session of the allotment or any part of it. 
 
 (e) The tenant shall not without the written consent of the council 
 
 cut or prune any timber or other trees, or take, sell, or carry 
 away any mineral, gravel, sand, or clay. 
 
 (f) Any member or officer of the council shall be entitled at any 
 
 time when directed by the council to enter and inspect the 
 allotment. 
 
 (g) The tenancy shall determine on the 25th day of March or the 
 
 29th day of September next after the death of the tenant. 
 It may also be determined under section 8 of the Allot- 
 ments Act, 1887 (), on one month's notice: 
 
 (1) If the rent is in arrear for not less than forty days; 
 or 
 
 (2) If it appears to the council that the tenant not less 
 than three months after the commencement of the tenancy 
 has not duly observed the conditions contained in or endorsed 
 on this agreement, or is resident more than one mile out of 
 the parish. 
 
 The tenancy may also be determined by the council or tenant by 
 
 (s) The rent may, to the extent of one quarter, be made payable in 
 advance. 
 
 (<) Sect. 30 of Act of 1908. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 33
 
 1372 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 months' notice in writing expiring on (the 25th day of March, 
 
 or the 29th day of September). 
 
 Signed 
 
 Clerk to Parish Council. 
 
 Witness . 
 
 Signed 
 
 Witness <-. - Tenant. 
 
 [Any special conditions affecting the allotment are to be endorsed 
 on the agreement.'] 
 
 7. NOTE of BOARD of AGRICULTURE and FISHERIES on 
 Rule 8, Paragraph (3), of MODEL RULES as to ALLOT- 
 MENTS. 
 
 (3) He shall not, without the written consent of the council, 
 plant in the allotment any fruit trees or bushes, strawberry plants, 
 asparagus, rhubarb, or other market garden crops which continue 
 productive for two or more years. [This regulation shall only be 
 applied where the land has been hired by the council.'] 
 
 The question has been raised as to whether the general adop- 
 tion of this provision is consistent with sect. 47 of the Small 
 Holdings and Allotments Act, 1908. 
 
 Where the use of the land for market-gardening is reasonable, 
 the Board think no obstacle should be thrown in the way of such 
 use, provided that terms as to compensation a<re arranged which 
 are equitable as between tenant and council, having regard to all 
 the circumstances of the case, and in particular to the extent of 
 the council's interest in the land. 
 
 The Board are prepared, subject to the consideration of any 
 objection that may be made before confirmation of the rules, to 
 allow either of the provisions explained below. 
 
 In the form of agreement there may be inserted the following 
 clause: 
 
 For the purpose of protecting the council from claims for com- 
 pensation for planting [(u) fruit trees or bushes, strawberry 
 plants, asparagus, rhubarb, or other vegetable crops which con- 
 tinue productive for two or more years], the council hereby pro- 
 
 () Note to be printed at foot of clause or rule: " Any one or more of 
 these improvements may be omitted as regards a particular tenancy."
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 1373 
 
 hibit such improvements in the allotment, subject to the appeal 
 provided by sect. 47 of the Small Holdings and Allotments Act, 
 1908. 
 
 Tho following additional rule might be adopted: 
 
 PROVISION AS TO MARKET GARDEN IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 Rule . Except where it is otherwise expressly agreed, an 
 allotment shall be held subject to the following conditions, which 
 shall be endorsed on the agreement for letting any allotment to 
 which it applies: 
 
 (1) The allotment shall not be let or treated as a market garden, 
 
 but if the tenant executes any of the following improve- 
 ments (u), viz.: 
 
 (a) planting of standard or other fruit trees per- 
 manently set out; 
 
 (b) planting of fruit bushes permanently set out; 
 
 (c) planting of strawberry plants; 
 
 (d) planting of asparagus, rhubarb, and other vege- 
 table crops which continue productive for two or more 
 years; 
 
 he shall, on the determination of the tenancy, be en- 
 titled to receive from the council such sum as fairly 
 represents the increase (if any) in value of the allotment 
 to the council due to these improvements, having regard 
 particularly to the then unexpired term of the lease (if 
 any) under which the land is held by the council. 
 
 (2) The tenant may, in lieu of claiming compensation for any 
 
 fruit or other trees or bushes planted or acquired by 
 him, remove the same before the determination of the 
 tenancy, levelling the surface of the land, and restoring 
 the same to a proper state and condition, and making" 
 good any damage caused by the removal. 
 
 (3) For the purpose of protecting the council from claims for 
 
 compensation for the above-mentioned improvements, 
 other than such compensation as is provided by this 
 rule, such improvements are to be treated as prohibited 
 
 () Note to be printed at foot of clause or rule: "Any one or more 
 of these improvements may be omitted as regards a particular tenancy." 
 
 33 (2)
 
 1374 
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 for the purpose of sect. 47 of the Small Holdings and 
 Allotments Act, 1908. 
 20th February, 1909. 
 
 8. MODEL REGULATIONS for ihe COUNCILS of BOROUGHS 
 and URBAN DISTRICTS as to ALLOTMENTS issued by the 
 BOARD of AGRICULTURE and FISHERIES. 
 
 Allotments Acts, 1887 to 1907. 
 
 Regulations made by the (x) - - with respect to allotments for 
 
 the (y} . 
 
 INTERPRETATION OF TERMS. 
 
 1. Throughout these regulations the expression "the council" 
 means the (x) , and includes any allotment managers 
 appointed by the council under the Allotments Acts, 1887 to- 
 1907. 
 
 DEFINITION OF THE PERSONS ELIGIBLE TO BE TENANTS OF 
 
 THE ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 2. Any man or woman who, at the time of application to the 
 council for an allotment, has been resident in the (z) - - for 
 not less than - - months, and belongs to the labouring popula- 
 tion, shall be eligible to become a tenant of an allotment, subject 
 to the statutory provision that one person shall not hold allot- 
 ments acquired under the above-mentioned Acts exceeding five 
 acres. 
 
 DIVISION OF THE LAND INTO ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 3. The council, before giving notice of their intention to let 
 any land for allotments, shall divide the land, and shall cause a 
 plan to be prepared showing each allotment, and distinguishing 
 it by a separate number. They shall enter each allotment under 
 
 (x) Insert " mayor, aldermen and burgesses of the borough of > 
 
 acting by the council," or " urban district council of ." 
 
 (y) Insert " said borough," or " said urban district." 
 () Insert " borough," or " district."
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 its number in the register required to be kept under sect. 15 of 
 the Allotments Act, 1887 (a). 
 
 NOTICES TO BE GIVEN FOR THE LETTING OF THE ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 4. The council shall give public notice by bills or placards, 
 posted in some conspicuous places in the (6) - , or otherwise 
 exhibited therein, setting forth the particulars as to any allot- 
 ments which they propose to let. 
 
 Such notice shall specify the allotments to be let, and the size 
 thereof, the rent to be paid for the same, the name and address 
 of the clerk to the council, to whom applications for the hiring 
 of an allotment, or for forms of application, are to be sent, and 
 the last day for receiving an application for an allotment. 
 
 If any special condition is to apply to the allotments, or any 
 of them, the notice shall specify such condition, or state where 
 copies of the form of agreement for letting for such allotments 
 may be seen. 
 
 If the tenant is to pay for tenant-right or compensation for 
 improvements, this fact and the amount, if then ascertained, shall 
 be stated in the notice. 
 
 REGULATIONS AS TO THE LETTING OF THE ALLOTMENTS, AND FOR 
 PREVENTING ANY UNDUE PREFERENCE IN THE LETTING 
 
 THEREOF. 
 
 5. The council shall not let any allotment unless and until 
 notice that they propose to let the same has been duly given, in 
 pursuance of the regulation in that behalf, at least [two] weeks 
 before the last day for receiving an application for such allotment. 
 
 Every application for an allotment shall be in the form 
 appended to these regulations, and shall be sent or delivered to 
 the clerk to the council. 
 
 In letting an allotment for which there are two or more appli- 
 cants eligible to become tenants, and likely to keep the allot- 
 ment in a proper state of cultivation, preference shall be given to 
 an applicant who does not hold an allotment or agricultural land 
 (other than a garden of twenty poles or less attached to his resi- 
 dence), either from the council or otherwise, over an applicant 
 
 (a) Sect. 31 of Act of 1908. 
 
 (6) Insert "borough," or "district."
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 who does hold such land, but, subject to such preference, the tenant 
 shall be determined by the drawing of lots by the council. A 
 quitting tenant of land shall, for the purposes of this regulation , 
 be treated as not holding that land. 
 
 AGREEMENTS FOR LETTING ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 6. When the council have decided to let an allotment to an 
 applicant, an agreement shall be signed by the clerk to the council 
 on behalf of the council, and by the applicant. The agreement 
 shall be in the form appended to these regulations, or to the like 
 effect, unless the council and the applicant agree to vary the form. 
 
 GENERAL CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE ALLOTMENTS ARE TO BE 
 
 CULTIVATED. 
 
 7. The tenant of an allotment shall comply with the following 
 conditions: 
 
 (1) He shall keep the allotment free from weeds, and well 
 
 manured, and otherwise maintain it in a proper state 
 of cultivation. 
 
 (2) He shall not cause any nuisance or annoyance to the occu- 
 
 pier of any other allotment, or obstruct any path set 
 out by the council for the use of the occupiers of the 
 allotments. 
 
 (3) He shall not underlet, assign, or part with the possession 
 
 of the allotment, or any part of it. 
 
 (4) He shall not, without the written consent of the council^ 
 
 cut or prune any timber or other trees, or take, sell^ 
 or carry away any mineral, gravel, sand, or clay. 
 
 SPECIAL CONDITIONS APPLICABLE ONLY WHEN NOTICE OF THEIR 
 APPLICATION TO PARTICULAR ALLOTMENTS HAS BEEN GIVEN 
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE REGULATIONS. 
 
 8. The tenant of an allotment shall comply with any of the 
 following conditions, of which notice of their application to the 
 allotment has been given, in accordance with these regulations: 
 
 (1) He shall keep every hedge that forms part of the allot- 
 ment properly cut and trimmed, keep all ditches properly
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 1377 
 
 cleansed, and shall maintain and keep in repair any other 
 fences and any gates on the allotment. 
 
 (2) He shall not, without the written consent of the council, 
 
 erect on the allotment any building except [here insert 
 toolhouse, greenhouse, fowlhouse, pigsty, or such other 
 building as, in the opinion of the council, should be per- 
 mitted to be erected by the tenant}. 
 
 (3) He shall not, without the written consent of the council, 
 
 plant in the allotment any fruit trees or bushes, straw- 
 berry plants, asparagus, rhubarb, or other market 
 garden crops which continue productive for two or more 
 years. [This regulation shall only be applied where 
 the land has been hired by the council (&).] 
 
 (4) He shall not, without the written consent of the council, 
 
 break up any pastureW" 
 
 (5) He shall not use barbed wire for a fence adjoining any 
 
 path set out by the council for the use of occupiers of 
 the allotments. 
 
 (6) He shall, as regards the allotment, observe and perform 
 
 all conditions and covenants contained in the lease under 
 which the council hold the land. 
 
 (7) He shall observe and perform any other special condition 
 
 which the council consider necessary to preserve the allot- 
 ment from deterioration, and of which notice to appli- 
 cants for the allotment is given in accordance with these 
 regulations. 
 
 NOTICE OF DETERMINATION OF A TENANCY TO BE GIVEN TO TENANTS 
 
 OF ALLOTMENTS. 
 
 9. The council shall give to the tenant of any allotment not 
 less than - - months' notice of the determination of his 
 tenancy, such notice to take effect on [the 25th day of March or 
 the 29th day of September]; provided always that this regula- 
 tion shall not apply in the case of the determination of a tenancy 
 in pursuance of sect. 8 of the Allotments Act, 1887 (c). 
 
 (6) See note on this rule, ante, p. 1372. 
 (c) Sect. 30 of Act of 1908.
 
 1378 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 EXAMINATION OF THE REGISTER OF ALLOTMENTS BY RATEPAYERS. 
 
 10. The register required to be kept under sect. 15 of the 
 Allotments Act, 1887 (d~), showing the particulars of the tenancy, 
 acreage, and rent of every allotment let, and of the unlet allot- 
 ments, shall be deposited at the office of the clerk to the council, 
 and shall be open at all reasonable hours to the examination of 
 any ratepayer in the - - (e) . 
 
 EXEMPTION OF CERTAIN LETTINGS FROM THESE REGULATIONS. 
 
 11. These regulations shall not apply to any land let to an 
 association, or to any allotment let before the date of the con- 
 firmation of these regulations, or to any allotment which the 
 council, under special circumstances to be recorded in their 
 minutes, may exempt from these regulations. 
 
 Form of Application for Allotments. 
 
 To the clerk to the (/). 
 
 I the undersigned hereby make application for one [or No. - 
 
 of the allotments provided by the council at . 
 
 1. Name . 
 
 2. Residence - . 
 
 3. Age - 
 
 4. Occupation - . 
 
 5. How long resident in the - (fir). 
 
 6. Whether holding any allotment, or agricultural land (other 
 
 than a garden of 20 poles or less attached to my residence), 
 and if so 
 
 (a) From whom . 
 
 (c) Whether quitting the land, and if so, why . 
 
 In the event of my application being granted, I agree when re- 
 quired by the council to sign an agreement for letting in the form 
 prescribed by the regulations, and to pay the stamp duty on such 
 agreement, and to pay for tenant right and compensation for im- 
 
 (<Z) Sect. 31 of Act of 1908. 
 
 (e) Insert "borough," or "district." 
 
 (/) Insert " town council for the borough of ," or " urban district 
 
 council of ." 
 
 (gr) Insert "borough," or "district."
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 provements the sum stated in. the notice of letting [or such sum as 
 shall be found due to the outgoing tenant for such matters]. 
 
 Signature . 
 
 Date . i' 
 
 Form of Agreement for Letting. 
 
 Agreement made this - - day of - , 19 , between (h) (here- 
 inafter called the council) of the one part, and of - - (herein- 
 after called the tenant) of the other part, whereby the said council 
 agrees to -let, and the said tenant agrees to hire as a yearly tenant 
 
 from the day of - , 19 , the allotments] numbered in 
 
 the register of allotments provided by the council and containing 
 
 or thereabouts [(i) subject to the exceptions and reservations 
 contained in the lease under which the council hold the land] at the 
 yearly rent of - - payable half-yearly and at a proportionate rent 
 for any part of a year over which the tenancy may extend. 
 
 The tenancy is subject to the regulations endorsed on this agree- 
 ment and to the following conditions: 
 
 (a) The rent shall be paid (fc) on the - - day of , the 
 
 day of - - [the - - day of - , and the - - day of 
 ] in each year. 
 
 (b) The tenant shall keep the allotment free from weeds, and 
 
 well manured, and otherwise maintain it in a proper state 
 of cultivation. 
 
 (c) The tenant shall not cause any nuisance or annoyance to the 
 
 occupier of any other allotment, or obstruct any path set 
 out by the council for the use of the occupiers of the allot- 
 ments. 
 
 (d) The tenant shall not underlet, assign, or part with the pos- 
 
 session of the allotment or any part of it. 
 {e) The tenant shall not without the consent of the council cut 
 
 or prune any timber or other trees, or take, sell, or carry 
 
 away any mineral, gravel, sand, or clay, 
 {f) Any member or officer of the council shall be entitled at any 
 
 time when directed by the council to enter and inspect the 
 
 allotment. 
 
 (A) Insert " town council for the borough of ," or " urban district 
 
 council of ." 
 
 (i} Omit words in brackets if inapplicable. 
 
 (fc) The rent may, to the extent of one quarter, be made payable in 
 advance.
 
 13HO SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 (g) The tenancy shall determine on the 25th day of March or the 
 29th day of September next after the death of the tenant. 
 It may also be determined under sect. 8 of the Allotments 
 Act, 1887 (1), on one month's notice: 
 
 (1.) If the rent is in arrear for not less than forty days; or 
 
 (2.) If it appears to the council that the tenant not less 
 
 than three months after the commencement of the tenancy 
 
 has not duly observed the conditions contained in or en- 
 
 dorsed on this agreement, or is resident more than one mile 
 
 out of the (w). 
 
 The tenancy may also be determined by the council or tenant by 
 months' notice in writing expiring on [the 25th day of March f 
 
 or the 29th day of September]. 
 
 Signed 
 
 - Clerk to the council. 
 
 Witness . 
 
 Signed 
 
 Tenant. 
 
 Witness . 
 
 \_Any special conditions affecting the allotment are to be endorsed 
 on the agreement. .] 
 
 9. FORM of VOLUNTARY LEASE by LANDOWNER to COUNTY 
 COUNCIL for purpose of LETTING in SMALL HOLDINGS, 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made the day of -, 19 
 BETWEEN A. B., of - - (hereinafter called the landlord, which 
 expression shall include his heirs and assigns where the context 
 so admits), of the one part, and the county council (herein- 
 after called the council, which expression shall include their 
 successors and assigns where the context so admits) of the other 
 part, WITNESSETH, that in consideration of the rent and 
 covenants hereinafter reserved and contained, the landlord hereby 
 demises to the council ALL those lands and hereditaments situate 
 at , in the county of , containing acres, or there- 
 abouts, and more particularly described in the schedule hereto, 
 EXCEPT and reserving as hereinafter mentioned, TO HOLD the 
 
 (Z) Sect. 30 of Act of 1908. 
 
 (TO) Insert " borough," or " district."
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 premises UNTO the council from the - - day of - - for the 
 term of - years, YIELDING AND PAYING therefor the yearly 
 
 rent of , to be paid by equal half-yearly payments on 
 
 the day of and - - day of in each year. 
 
 EXCEPTIONS AND RESERVATIONS BY THE LANDLORD. 
 
 1. All mines, minerals, stone, gravel and sand, with right of 
 entry to work the same. 
 
 2. All timber and other trees, pollards, saplings, and under- 
 wood, with right of entry to mark, cut, and carry away the same, 
 making reasonable compensation for all damage done. 
 
 3. Subject to the Ground Game Acts, 1880 and 1906, all game, 
 ground or otherwise, including wildfowl and nests and eggs, with 
 a right for the landlord and all persons authorised by him to enter 
 for the purpose of preserving the same, and for hunting and 
 shooting. 
 
 And the council hereby covenant with the landlord 
 
 1. To pay the rent as hereby reserved, and all rates, taxes, 
 and outgoings except landlord's property tax and tithe rent- 
 charge. 
 
 2. To maintain and keep in good repair all buildings, gates, 
 stiles, hedges, mounds and fences, and to cleanse and scour all 
 ditches, drains, culverts, and watercourses. 
 
 3. To cut, spud and keep down all nettles, thistles, rushes, and 
 tussocks, and to remove all mole and ant hills. 
 
 4. To cultivate, keep and manage, or cause the land to be 
 cultivated, kept, and managed, in a good and husbaiidlike manner, 
 and to use, and permit the same to be used, as an agricultural 
 holding only, and not to injure or deteriorate the holding, or 
 permit the same to be injured or deteriorated, and to leave the 
 land in good heart and condition. 
 
 5. In the last year of the term to cultivate or cause the arable 
 land to be cultivated on the four-course system, having not more 
 than one-fourth part thereof in wheat, and one-fourth in barley, 
 or oats, and at least one-fourth in roots, green crop fed off or 
 fallow, and one-fourth in clover or seeds, vetches or beans, of 
 which last-named one-fourth part not less than one-half shall 
 be in clover or seeds [or such other provisions for the last year's
 
 1382 
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 cultivation as may be desirable, according to the nature of the 
 land]. 
 
 6. Not to break up, or permit to be broken up, any of the 
 grass land, nor to mow, or permit the same to be mown, more 
 than once in any year, nor more than two years in succession 
 without sufficiently manuring the same. 
 
 7. Not to sell or remove, or permit to be sold or removed, 
 from the holding, any hay, straw, roots, or green crops without 
 bringing back and applying. to the holding the full equivalent 
 manurial value in manure or feeding stuffs of all hay, straw, roots, 
 or green crops so sold or removed. 
 
 8. Not to sell or remove, or permit to be sold or removed, any 
 hay, straw, roots, or green crops produced on the holding in the 
 last year of the term, and to leave any unconsumed hay and straw 
 for the landlord or incoming tenant at a consuming price. 
 
 9. To spread and use, or cause to be spread and used on the 
 holding, all dung, manure, and compost produced thereon, and on 
 the termination of the tenancy to leave all unused dung, manure, 
 and compost for the landlord or incoming tenant without com- 
 pensation for the same. 
 
 10. To preserve all timber, timber-like trees and underwood, 
 and not to cut, lop, top, drive nails into, or otherwise injure or 
 permit to be cut, lopped, topped, or injured in any way, any 
 timber, or timber-like trees, or underwood. 
 
 11. Not to use or erect, or permit to be used or erected, any 
 barbed or other wire fence on the holding without the consent in 
 writing of the landlord (n). 
 
 [Add any other covenants necessary in the particular case.] 
 
 GENERAL CONDITIONS. 
 
 1. The landlord shall have power, upon giving to the council 
 twelve months' previous notice in writing, to resume possession 
 of the land hereby demised, or part thereof, if required to be used 
 for building, mining, or other industrial purpose, or for roads 
 necessary therefor, and if part only of the land is so resumed, 
 the rent payable shall, as from the date of resumption, be reduced 
 
 () This covenant to be omitted if not thought necessary.
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 by such sum as, in default of agreement, may be determined by 
 arbitration in manner hereinafter provided. 
 
 2. The landlord shall have power to re-enter and determine the 
 tenancy on non-payment of the rent for twenty-one days after the 
 same shall have become due (whether legally demanded or not), or 
 on breach of any of the conditions or covenants herein contained, 
 and on the council's part to be observed and performed. 
 
 3. All questions and matters in dispute arising under these 
 presents, and all compensation, damages, and allowances to which 
 either party may claim to be entitled hereunder, or otherwise, in 
 respect of the tenancy hereby created, upon which the landlord 
 and council fail to agree, shall be referred to arbitration in manner 
 provided by the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1908, but without 
 prejudice to the option of the landlord in respect of any claim 
 against the council, instead of submitting the same to arbitration 
 to have recourse to any right of action or other remedy. 
 
 4. It is hereby agreed that the council shall not be entitled to 
 compensation for any of the improvements mentioned in Part I. 
 of the Second Schedule to the Small Holdings and Allotments 
 Act, 1908, or for any of the improvements mentioned in Part II. 
 of the same Schedule, unless the landlord has previously to the 
 making or execution thereof consented in writing thereto. 
 
 IN WITNESS, &c. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO. 
 
 1383 
 
 No. on 
 Ordnance Map. 
 
 Name of Field. 
 
 Cultivation. 
 
 Area. 
 
 
 

 
 1384 TITHES. 
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1. NOTICE of APPLICATION where the OWNER of the LAND 
 is also OCCUPIER. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 I (a), , give notice that I apply for an order for the recovery 
 
 of the sum of - - pounds, - - shillings, and - pence, due in 
 respect of the tithe rentcharge issuing out of the lands described 
 in the first part of the schedule to this application for the period 
 
 of (6) , and which became payable on the - - day of - , 
 
 19. 
 
 The owner of the said lands is (c) , and the owner is 
 
 himself the occupier thereof [or, I do not know, or, cannot ascer- 
 tain the owner of the lands]. 
 
 I shall apply that the order for recovery be executed by the 
 appointment of an officer to distrain under sub-sect. 2 of sect. 2 
 of the Act. 
 
 [(d) The lands in the same parish as those described in the 
 first part of the schedule, and occupied by the same person as those 
 lands as owner thereof, are described in the second part of the 
 schedule.] 
 
 Dated this - - day of , 19 . 
 
 A. B. 
 
 [or, E. F., agent for A. B., the person entitled 
 to the sum due]. 
 
 (a) Insert name, address, and description of applicant, or, if applica- 
 tion bo made by agent, his name, address, and description, and statement 
 that he is the agent for A. B., the person entitled to the sum due (address 
 and description). 
 
 (6) Insert period. 
 
 (c) Insert name, address, and description of owner of the lands. 
 
 (d) This paragraph, and also the second part of the schedule which 
 corresponds to it, should be struck through if the applicant is unable to 
 givo the required particulars.
 
 TITHES. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 PART I. Lands out of which Tithe Rentcharge issues. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 County 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 Number in Parish 
 Apportionment, 
 if known. 
 
 
 
 
 
 PART II. Lands in the same parish, occupied and owned by 
 the same person as those in Part I. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 1385 
 
 2. NOTICE of APPLICATION where OWNER of LANDS is not 
 the OCCUPIER. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 -, give notice that I shall apply for an order for the 
 
 I (e), - 
 
 recovery of the sum of 
 
 pounds, 
 
 shillings, and 
 
 pence, due in respect of the tithe rentcharge issuing out of the 
 lands described in the first part of the schedule to this applica- 
 tion, for the period of (/) , and which became payable on 
 
 the day of , 19 . 
 
 (e) Insert name, address, and description of applicant, or, if application 
 be made by agent, his name, address, and description, and statement that 
 lie is the agent for A. B., the person entitled to the sum due (address and 
 description). 
 
 (/) Insert period.
 
 TITHES. 
 
 The owner of the said lands is (g} [or, I do not know, or, 
 
 cannot ascertain the owner of the lands], and the occupier thereof 
 is M. N. [insert name and address] [(h) who holds the lands at 
 one rent, together with lands in the parish of - ]. 
 
 (ij [I shall apply that the order for recovery be executed by the 
 appointment of X. Y. [insert name and address] as the receiver 
 under sub-sect. 3 of sect. 2 of the Act.] 
 
 I have received no notice under sub-sect. 6 of sect. 2 of the 
 Act that the occupier is liable to pay the amount of the tithe 
 rentcharge to the owner of the lands. 
 
 (fr) [I desire that additional service on the owner of the lands 
 be made through M. N., the occupier thereof, or through P. Q. 
 [insert name and address], the person who receives the rent and 
 profits of the lands for or on behalf of the owner of the lands.] 
 
 (Z) [The lands described in the second part of the schedule are 
 in the same parish as those described in the first part of the 
 schedule, and are occupied by M. N. either as owner or as tenant 
 under the same landlord, under whom he occupies the lands 
 described in the first part of the schedule.] 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 A. B. 
 
 [or, E. F., agent for A. B., the person entitled 
 to the sum due]. 
 
 (</) Insert name, address, and description of owner of the lands. 
 
 (h) These words should be struck out, unless the applicant can give the 
 required information. 
 
 (i) If these words are struck out or no name inserted an officer of the 
 Court will be appointed receiver. 
 
 (fc) Where additional service is required insert these words. 
 
 (Z) This paragraph, and also the second part of the schedule which 
 corresponds to it, should be struck out if the applicant is unable to give 
 the required particulars.
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1387 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 PART I. Lands out of which the Tithe Rentcharge issues. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 County 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 Number in Parish 
 Apportionment, 
 if known. 
 
 
 
 
 
 PART II. Lands occupied by M. N. in the same parish as 
 those in Part I. 
 
 Name and Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 
 
 
 3. NOTICE of APPLICATION where OCCUPIER'S LIABILITY 
 NOTICE is FILED. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 I (m), , give notice that I shall apply for an order for the* 
 
 recovery of the sum of pounds, - shillings, and 
 
 pence, due in respect of the tithe rentcharge issuing out of the 
 lands described in the first part of the schedule to this applica 1 - 
 
 tion, for the period of (n) , and which became payable on 
 
 the day of , 19 . 
 
 (m] Insert name, address, and description of applicant, or, if application 
 be made by agent, his name, address, and description, and statement that 
 he is the agent for A. B., the person entitled to the sum due (address and 
 description). 
 
 (n) Insert period. 
 
 B. VOL. n. 34
 
 TITHES. 
 
 The owner of the said lands is (o) - - [or, I do not know, or, 
 cannot ascertain the owner of the lands] and the occupier thereof 
 is M. N. (p) \_(q) who occupies the lands at one rent, together 
 with lands in the parish of ]. 
 
 (r) [I shall apply that the order for recovery be executed by the 
 
 appointment of X. Y., [insert name and address], as the 
 
 receiver under sub-sect. 3 of sect. 2 of the Act.] 
 
 (s) [I desire that additional service on the owner of the lands 
 be made through M. N., the occupier thereof, or through P. Q. 
 [insert name and address], the person who receives the rents and 
 profits of the lands for or on behalf of the owner of the lands.] 
 
 () [The lands described in the second part of the schedule are 
 in the same parish as those described in the first pajt of the 
 schedule, and are occupied by M. N., either as owner or as tenant, 
 under the same landlord, under whom he occupies the lands 
 described in the first part of the schedule.] 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 A. B., owner of the tithe rentcharg 
 [or, E. F., agent for A. B., the person entitled 
 to the sum due]. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 PART I. Lands out of which the Tithe Rentcharge issues. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 County 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 Number in Parish 
 Apportionment, 
 if known. 
 
 
 
 
 
 (o) Insert name, address, and description of owner of the lands. 
 
 (p) Insert address and description. 
 
 (q) These words should be struck out, unless the applicant can give the 
 required information. 
 
 (r) If these words are struck out or no name inserted an officer of the 
 Court will be appointed receiver. 
 
 (s) Where additional service is required insert these words. 
 
 () This paragraph, and also the second part of the schedule which 
 corresponds to it, should be struck through if the applicant is unable to 
 give the required particulars.
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1389 
 
 PART II. Lands occupied by M. N. in the same parish as 
 those in Part I. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Respondents. 
 
 4. NOTICE to RESPONDENT to be SERVED with the DUPLI- 
 CATE NOTICE of APPLICATION. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 No. of Application . 
 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 A. B., applicant [insert address and description]. 
 [C. D.], owner of the lands [insert, if known, 
 
 address and description] [not known]. 
 [M.N., occupier of the lands [insert address 
 
 and description]. 
 
 To (u) , the owner of the land out of which the tithe rent- 
 charge mentioned in the notice of application sent herewith issues . 
 [(#) And to M. N., occupier of the said lands.] 
 Take notice that the application by A. B., of which a copy is 
 sent herewith, will be heard at the sitting of the Co'urt, to be- 
 
 holden at [insert courthouse], on the - - day of , 19 , at 
 
 the hour of - , in the noon, and that if you wish to oppose 
 
 the application you must, five clear days before the day appointed 
 for the hearing, file with the registrar of this Court the notice 
 of opposition given below. 
 
 And take notice that if you intend to apply for time to pay. 
 
 (w) Insert name, address, and description of owner of the lands, if 
 known. 
 
 (05) To be inserted where occupier's liability notice has been filed. 
 
 34 (2)
 
 1390 TITHES. 
 
 or for a remission in respect of the tithe rentcharge, you must, in 
 giving notice of opposition, specify that intention. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Amount of tithe rentcharge claimed 
 
 Costs of this notice 
 
 Amount upon the payment of which you will 
 incur no further costs 
 
 If you do not give notice of opposition, or do not appear on the 
 day appointed for the hearing, the Court may make an order 
 against you in your absence. 
 
 5. NOTICE of OPPOSITION. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 No. of Application - . 
 In the County Court of - , holden at . 
 In the Matter of the application of A. B. 
 
 To the registrar of the County Court of - . 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that I wish to oppose the application of A. B., of 
 which I have received notice, on the ground [here state grounds, 
 e.g., that I am not the owner of the lands in respect of which the 
 application is made; or, that the applicant is not the owner of 
 the tithe rentcharge mentioned in the notice of application; or, 
 that the amount claimed in respect of the tithe rentcharge has 
 been paid ; or any other grounds that are intended to be relied o?i] 
 [or [land] I intend to apply for a remission in respect of such 
 tithe rentcharge, or [and] for time to pay the claim]. 
 
 [(i/) And I state that M. N., - , is the occupier of such 
 land.] 
 
 [(2) And I state that there is no other tithe rentcharge issuing 
 
 (y) Here, if the owner of the lands, state name, address, and description 
 of the occupier. 
 
 (2) This paragraph should be struck out, except where an order for 
 remission is applied for.
 
 TITHES. 1391 
 
 out of the lands, except that in respect of which the application 
 is made, or, that there is, besides the tithe rentcharge in respect 
 of which the application is made, a tithe rentcharge issuing out 
 of the lands in respect of [e.g., great or small] tithe, of which 
 P. Q. [insert name and address] is owner]. 
 
 Dated the day of - , 19 . 
 
 C. D., owner of the lands 
 
 [or, G. K., solicitor of C. D.], 
 or, M. N., occupier of the lands 
 
 [or, G. K., solicitor of M. N.]. 
 
 6. NOTICE to APPLICANT of NOTICE of OPPOSITION. 
 
 No. of Application . 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 In the County Court of , hold en at . 
 
 A. B., applicant. 
 
 [C. D.], owner of the lands [not lcnowri\. ) - 
 
 PUT XT j? *.!_ i i -> 1 -Respondents. 
 
 [M. N., occupier of the lands]. j 
 
 To A. B., applicant. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that C. D., owner of the lands in respect of which 
 the application is made [or, M. N., occupier of the lands in respect 
 of which the application is made], has given notice of opposition 
 
 in the above matter on the ground that (a) [or ['and] that ho 
 
 intends to apply for a remission in respect of the tithe rentcharge. 
 or [and] for time to pay the claim]. 
 
 The application will be heard at the sitting of the Court to 
 
 be holden at [insert courthouse] - , on the day of , 
 
 19 , at the hour of in the noon. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19. 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 (a) Insert ground stated in notice of opposition.
 
 1392 TITHES. 
 
 7. NOTICE of CHANGE of DAY APPOINTED for HEARING 
 APPLICATION. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To A. B., applicant [or, to C. D., owner of the lands in respect 
 of which the application is made]. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that, for the purpose of giving M. N., the occupier 
 of the lands in respect of which the application is made, an 
 opportunity of being heard, the day for hearing the above appli- 
 cation is changed, and the application will now be heard at the 
 
 sitting of the Court to be holden at [insert courthouse] , on 
 
 the - - day of , 19 , at the hour of - - in the noon. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19. 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 8. ORDER on APPLICATION where LANDS not OCCUPIED by 
 the OWNER. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 IT is this day ordered that the sum of - - pounds, - - shillings, 
 
 and pence, be recovered, together with costs, in respect of 
 
 tithe rentcharge issuing out of the lands described in [the first 
 part of] the schedule to this order, due for the period of - ; 
 and for the purpose of recovering that sum, together with costs, 
 X. Y. (6), - , is hereby appointed to receive the rents and 
 profits of these lands, and also the rents and profits of any other 
 lands [(c) or, of the lands described in the second part of the said 
 schedule], which would have been liable to be distrained upon for 
 the tithe rentcharge under the provisions of sect. 85 of the Tithe 
 Act, 1836; and that the tenants of the said lands are to attorn 
 and pay their rents in arrear and growing rents to the receiver. 
 
 [To be added where apportionment of rent is made at the time 
 of making the order :] 
 
 AND WHEREAS it appears that the above-mentioned lands [or, a 
 certain part of the above-mentioned lands, namely, those known 
 
 (6) Here insert name, address, and description of person appointed 
 receiver. 
 
 (c) Insert these words if a description of the lands can be given.
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1393 
 
 as (d) ] are held at one rent, together with other lands, situate 
 
 in a different parish, it is further ordered that out of the total 
 rent payable in respect of the lands situate in the two parishes, the 
 sum of [15] shall be taken ais payable for the purpose of the 
 Tithe Act, 1891, in respect of the lands situate in the parish of 
 -, of which X. Y. is appointed receiver. 
 
 By the Court. 
 Dated, the 
 
 day of 
 
 19. 
 
 Registrar of the Court. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 PART I. Lands out of which the Tithe Rentcharge issues. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Name of 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 Name of 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 Number 
 on Parish Appor- 
 tionment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 PART II. Lands which would be liable to be distrained on 
 under sect. 85 of the Tithe Act, 1836. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 9. ORDER for DISTRESS where the OWNER of the LANDS 
 is in OCCUPATION. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 IT is this day ordered that the sum of pounds, 
 
 shillings, 
 
 and 
 
 pence, be recovered, together with costs, in respect of 
 
 (d) Insert description of lands.
 
 1894 
 
 TITHES. 
 
 tithe rentcharge issuing out of the lands described in the [first part 
 
 of the] schedule to this order, due for the period of , and for 
 
 the purpose of such recovery X. Y., an officer appointed by this 
 Court, shall distrain upon those lands, and also on the lands 
 [(e) described in the second part of the same schedule] which are 
 liable to be distrained on under sect. 85 of the Tithe Act, 1836, 
 
 for the said sum, together with pounds, shillings, and 
 
 pence, for costs, and also the costs of the distress, and that 
 
 for the making of such distress this order shall be such officer's 
 warrant. 
 
 By the Court. 
 Dated the 
 
 day of 
 
 19. 
 
 -, Registrar of the Court. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 PART I. Lands out of which the Tithe Rentcharge issues. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Name of 
 Parish in 
 which situate. 
 
 Name of 
 County in 
 which situate. 
 
 Number on Parish 
 Apportionment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 PART II. Lands liable to be distrained on under sect. 85 of the 
 Tithe Act, 1836, other than those described in Part I. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 
 
 
 (e) Insert these words if a description of the lands can be given.
 
 TITHK8. 1395 
 
 10. NOTICE to OCCUPIER of LANDS of RECEIVER'S APPOINT- 
 MENT. 
 
 [Reading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To M. N., occupier of the lands described in the schedule. 
 
 I, X. Y. (/), - , hereby give you notice that under an Order 
 of Court made in the above matter, on the - - day of - , I 
 have been appointed receiver of the rents and profits of the lands 
 described in the schedule and occupied by you, and I require you, 
 within - - days, to attorn tenant to me, and to give me infor- 
 mation as to the following matters with regard to your 
 tenancy (#). 
 
 Dated this day of , 19. 
 
 X. Y., Receiver. 
 
 NOTE. A form of attornment is sent herewith. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 [Here describe the lands, e.g., Brue Farm, in the parish of 
 in the county of ; or, so much of Brue Farm as is 
 
 situate in the parish of , in the county of ; or, the house 
 
 known as No. , Road, in the parish of , in the 
 
 county of .] 
 
 FORM OF ATTORNMENT. 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 I, M. N., hereby attorn and become tenant to you, X. Y., of 
 the land described in the schedule, according to the terms and 
 
 condition contained in (h) , and at the rent of thereby 
 
 reserved. 
 
 In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 
 
 day of , 19 . 
 
 M. N. 
 0. P. [insert name and description], 
 
 Witness to the signature of the said M. N. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS TO ATTORNMENT. 
 \_As in Receiver's notice of appointment.] 
 
 (/) Insert name and address. 
 
 (gr) Insert matter as to which information is required, 
 (ft) Here insert description, date, and particulars of instrument under 
 which the lands are held.
 
 1396 
 
 TITHES. 
 
 11. ORDER far DISTRESS in NAME of OWNER of LANDS. 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 IT is this day ordered that X. Y., the receiver of the rents and 
 profits of the lands described in the schedule to this order, be at 
 liberty to distrain upon those lands for the rent due in respect 
 thereof, and that such distraint may be made in the name of - , 
 owner of the lands. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19. 
 
 , Registrar of the Court. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or 
 Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish, &c., 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 County 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 Name of 
 Occupier. 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. REPORT of RECEIVER that LANDS of ivhich he is 
 appointed RECEIVER are OCCUPIED by the OWNER thereof. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To the Registrar of the County Court of - , holden at - . 
 
 I, X. Y., who have been appointed receiver of the lands 
 described in the schedule [together with other lands] by an order 
 of the Court, dated the - - day of - , 19 , report to the 
 Court that the lands described in the schedule are occupied by the 
 owner thereof, and the owner has not paid the sum ordered to be 
 recovered to me, and has not attorned tenant to me. 
 
 The name of the owner is [insert name and address] [or, is not 
 known]. 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19. 
 
 X. Y., Receiver.
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1397 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 
 
 
 13. ORDER where RECEIVER REPORTS that LANDS of 
 which he is appointed RECEIVER are OCCUPIED by the 
 OWNER. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 IT is this day ordered that the order made in this matter, on the 
 day of , 19 , appointing X. Y. to be receiver of cer- 
 tain lands described in the schedule shall be discharged [so far as 
 regards the lands described in the schedule], and the said X. Y. 
 [or R. S., an officer appointed by the Court] shall distrain upon 
 those lands for the amount of pounds, shillings, and 
 
 pence, ordered to be recovered, together with the sum of 
 
 pounds, - - shillings, and pence, for costs, and also 
 
 the costs of distress, and that for the mating of such distress this 
 order shall be such officer's warrant. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar of the Court. 
 
 The operation of this order is suspended till day, the - 
 
 day of , 19. 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19. 
 
 , Registrar of the Court. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 [Schedule of lands as in last Form.]
 
 1398 TITHES. 
 
 14. NOTICE to OWNER of LANDS that an ORDER has been 
 made on RECEIVER'S REPORT that LANDS of which he 
 has been appointed RECEIVER are OCCUPIED by the 
 OWNER. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To C. D., the owner of the lands described in the schedule to 
 this notice. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that the order, a copy of which is sent herewith, 
 has been made in the above matter, and that if you have any 
 objection to make against that order you must file notice thereof 
 with me before the day of - , 19 . 
 
 A form of notice of objection is sent herewith. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19. 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 [Schedule of lands as in last Form.] 
 
 15. NOTICE of OBJECTION by OWNER of LANDS. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 To the Registrar of the County Court of - , holden at - . 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that I, C. D., owner of the lands referred to in 
 
 the order of Court, dated the day of - , 19 , of which I 
 
 have received notice, object to that order on the ground that (i) 
 
 C. D. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19. 
 
 () Insert grounds on which order is objected to.
 
 TITHES. 1399 
 
 16. NOTICE of DAY APPOINTED for HEARING OBJECTION. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 To C. D. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that the objection to the order of the Court, dated 
 
 the day of , of which you have given notice, will be 
 
 heard at the sitting of the Co;urt, to be holden at [insert court- 
 house] - , on the day of , 19 , at the hour of 
 
 in the noon. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 17. REPORT by OFFICER ordered to DISTRAIN that there 
 is no SUFFICIENT DISTRESS. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To the Registrar of the Court, and to A. B., applicant. 
 
 I, X. Y., the officer appointed to distrain under an order made 
 
 on the day of , on the lands described in the order, report 
 
 t'hat there is no sufficient distress upon the lands, and that it would 
 be useless to attempt any further distress. 
 
 X. Y. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19. 
 
 18. NOTICE of APPORTIONMENT of RENT. 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To A. B., applicant, and to C. D., owner of the lands described 
 in the schedule [(fc) and to M. N., occupier of these lands]. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that whereas a receiver has been appointed of the 
 rents and profits of the said lands [together with other lands] under 
 
 an order of this Court, dated the day of , made upon the 
 
 application of the said A. B., and whereas it is found that those 
 lands are held at the same rent with other lands situate in a 
 different parish, and X. Y., the receiver appointed as aforesaid, 
 
 (fc) Insert this if M. N. is a respondent.
 
 1400 TITHES. 
 
 has applied to the Court to make an apportionment of rent; Now 
 the Court has apportioned the rent so that out of the tota,! rent 
 payable in respect of the lands situate in the two parishes, the sum 
 
 of shall, for the purpose of the Tithe Act, 1891, be taken 
 
 to be payable in respect of the lands of which the said X. Y. has 
 been appointed receiver, situate in the parish of , and 
 described in the schedule. 
 
 Further take notice that, if within five clear days of the service 
 of this notice you do not file with me notice of objection, the 
 above apportionment will take effect. 
 
 Dated this 
 
 day of 
 
 19. 
 
 -, Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or 
 Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Name of 
 Parish in 
 which situate. 
 
 Name of 
 County in 
 which situate. 
 
 Number on 
 Parish Appor- 
 tionment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. NOTICE of OBJECTION to APPORTIONMENT of RENT. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 To the Registrar of the County Court of - , holden at - 
 
 I, A. B., C. D., or M. N., hereby give notice that I object to 
 the apportionment of rent made for the purpose of the Tithe 
 Act, 1891, of which you have given me notice, dated the - 
 day of . 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 A. B., C. D., orM. N.
 
 TITHES. 1401 
 
 20. NOTICE of DAY FIXED for HEARING of OBJECTION by 
 RESPONDENT to APPORTIONMENT of RENT. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To A. B., applicant, and to C. D., owner of the lands [or, M. N., 
 occupier of the lands]. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that the objection to the apportionment, of which 
 you have given notice [or, of which A.B., C. D., or M. N. has 
 
 given notice], dated the day of - , will be heard at the 
 
 sitting of the Court, to be holden at [insert courthouse] - , 
 on the - - day of - , 19 , at the hour of in the 
 
 noon. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 21 . ORD ER of COURT where APPORTIONMENT is OBJECTED to. 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 IT is this day ordered that the apportionment of rent made in 
 
 this matter, dated the day of [is hereby varied [here 
 
 state variation], and as varied], shall take effect from this date. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar of the Court. 
 
 22. NOTICE to OCCUPIER of LANDS that ORDER under 
 sect. 4 of the ACT may be MADE upon him. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To M. N., occupier of the lands described in the schedule to this 
 notice. 
 
 WHEREAS X. Y. was, by an order of this Court, dated the - 
 day of - , 19, appointed receiver of the rents and profits of 
 the said lands of which you are the occupier, for the purpose of 
 
 recovering the sum of pounds, shillings, and pence, 
 
 ordered by the Court to be recovered on account of the tithe rent-
 
 1402 TITHES. 
 
 charge thereon with costs, and he has satisfied the Court that the 
 lands are let on such terms as not to reserve a rent sufficient tjo 
 enable him to recover that sum and costs. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that the Court may direct the order for recovery 
 to be executed as if you were the owner of the lands, and if you 
 have any objection to urge against such direction being givein, 
 you must appear before the Court, holden at [insert courthouse] 
 
 , on the day of , 19 , at the hour of in the 
 
 noon, and such objection will be heard by the Court, but 
 
 that if you do. not appear the Court may make such direction in 
 your absence. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 [Here describe the lands, e.g., Brue Farm, in the parish of 
 -, in the county of ; or, so much of Brue Farm as is 
 
 situate in the parish of , in the county of - ; or, the house 
 
 known as No. , Road, in the parish of , in tho 
 
 county of .] 
 
 23. NOTICE to OWNER of LANDS that ORDER under 
 sect. 4 of the ACT may be made upon the OCCUPIER. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To C. D., the owner of the lands described in the schedule to 
 this notice. 
 
 WHEREAS X. Y. was, by an order of this Court, dated the - 
 
 day of , appointed receiver of the rents and profits of the lands 
 
 described in the schedule to this notice for the purpose of recover- 
 ing the sum of - - pounds, - - shillings, and - - pence, 
 ordered by the Court to be recovered on account of the tithe rent- 
 charge thereon with costs, and he has satisfied the Court that the 
 lands are let on such terms as not to reserve a rent sufficient to 
 enable him to recover that sum and costs. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that the Court may direct the order for recovery 
 to be executed against M. N., the occupier of the said lands, as 
 if he were owner, and that if you wish to be heard in reference 
 to that matter you must appear before the Court, holden at [insert
 
 TITHES. 
 
 courthouse] - , on the - - day of - , 19 . at the hour of 
 
 - in the noon, and the Court will hear you, but that if you 
 
 do not appear, the Court may make such order in your absence. 
 
 Dated this day of - , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 [Here describe the lands, e.g., Brue Farm, in the parish of 
 -, in the county of - ; or, so much of Brue Farm as is 
 
 1403 
 
 situate in the parish of , in the county of ; or, the house 
 
 known as No. , - Road, in the parish of , in the 
 
 county of .] 
 
 24. ORDER of COURT under sect. 4 of the ACT. 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 IT is this day ordered that X. Y., as officer appointed by this 
 Court [or, R. S., an officer appointed by this Court], shall distrain 
 upon the lands described in the schedule to this order for the sum 
 of - pounds, - - shillings, and - - pence [the balance], 
 due on an order for the recovery of tithe rentcharge made by this 
 
 Court, the - - day of - , together with pounds, - 
 
 shillings, and pence, for costs, and also the costs of distress, 
 
 and that for the making of such distress this order shall be such 
 officer's warrant. 
 
 [It is also ordered that X. Y. shall continue to be receiver of 
 
 the lands [till the day of ], or, shall cease to be receiver 
 
 of the lands, or any direction the Court gives in the matter.] 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar of the Court. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 [Here describe the lands, e.g., Brue Farm, in the parish of 
 -, in the county of - ; or, so much of Brue Farm as is 
 
 situate in the parish of - , in the county of ; or, the house 
 
 known as No. , - - Road, in the parish of - , in the 
 
 county of - .] 
 
 p. VOL. ii. 35
 
 1404 TITHES. 
 
 25. NOTICE to OWNER of SECOND TITHE RENTCHARGE of 
 APPLICATION for REMISSION. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 To 0. P., owner of the tithe rentcharge issuing out of the lands 
 described in the schedule in respect of [e.g., great or small] tithe. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that an application has been made by A. B. for 
 
 the recovery of the sum of pounds, - - shillings, and - 
 
 pence, due on account of the tithe rentcharge issuing out of the 
 lands described in the schedule in respect of [e.g., small or great] 
 tithe, and that C. D. [or, M. N.], a respondent, has given notice 
 that he will apply for a remission in respect of such tithe rent- 
 charge. 
 
 The application will be heard at the sitting of the Court, to be 
 
 holden at [insert courthouse] , on the - - day of - , 19 , 
 
 at the hour of in the noon. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 -, Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or 
 Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 County 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 Number in Parish 
 Apportionment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. ORDER of REMISSION in respect of TITHE RENTCHARGE. 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 IT is ordered this day that, of the sum of - - pounds, - 
 shillings, and pence, claimed by A. B. on account of the tithe 
 rentcharge issuing out of the lands described in the schedule to 
 
 this order, the sum of - - pounds, - shillings, and ponce, 
 
 is hereby remitted, and shall not be recoverable. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar,
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1405 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 County 
 in which 
 situate. 
 
 Number in Parish 
 Apportionment , 
 if known. 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. ORDER of REMISSION of RATES in respect of TITHE 
 RENTCHARGE. 
 
 [Heading as in Form 6.] 
 
 IT is ordered that the amounts mentioned in the third column 
 of the schedule below shall be remitted and not recoverable in 
 respect of the rates mentioned in the second column of that 
 schedule assessed on the person mentioned in the first column 
 thereof. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 Owner of Tithe Rentcharge. 
 
 Name of Rate. 
 
 Amount remitted. 
 
 
 
 
 28. APPLICATION by OWNER of LANDS for CERTIFICATE 
 in respect of FAILURE to give OCCUPIER'S LIABILITY 
 NOTICE. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 I, C. D. [insert name and address], owner of the lands described 
 in the schedule to this application, give notice that I shall apply 
 
 35 (2)
 
 1406 TITHKS. 
 
 for a certificate from the Court that there was good and sufficient 
 cause for my failure to give an occupier's liability notice in 
 respect of the said lands, and that M. N. [insert name and. address] 
 has not been prejudiced thereby. 
 
 Dated this - - day of - , 19 . 
 
 A. B. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 
 
 
 29. NOTICE to OCCUPIER of OWNER'S APPLICATION to the 
 COURT in respect of FAILURE to SERVE OCCUPIER'S LIA- 
 BILITY NOTICE. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 In the County Court oF 
 
 holdon at 
 
 In the matter of the application of C. D. 
 To M. N., occupier of the lands described in the schedule. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that C. D. has given notice of an application to 
 this Court for a certificate that there was good and sufficient cause 
 for his failure to give an occupier's liability notice in respect of 
 the said lands, and that you, M. N., have not been prejudiced 
 thereby. 
 
 If you wish to be heard with reference to the granting of such 
 certificate, you must appear at the Court holden at [insert court- 
 house] - , on the - - day of - , 19 , at the hour of - 
 in the - noon, and the Court will hear you, but if you do not 
 appear, no costs will be charged against you, but the Court may 
 grant such certificate in your absence. 
 
 Dated this - - day of , 19. 
 
 , Registrar,
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1407 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or Description of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 30. CERTIFICATE of COURT in respect of FAILURE to 
 (jive OCCUPIER'S LIABILITY NOTICE. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 In the matter of the application of C. D. 
 
 IT is hereby certified that there was good and sufficient cause for 
 the failure of C. D. to give an occupier's liability notice in respect 
 of the lands described in the schedule to this order, and that 
 M. N., the occupier thereof, has not been prejudiced thereby. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or Description of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 

 
 1408 TITHES. 
 
 31. FORM of APPLICATION to COURT by RATE COLLECTOR. 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 To the Registrar of the County Court of , holden at - . 
 
 I, A. B., collector of rates for the (Z) , apply to the above 
 
 Court for an order under sub-sect. (2) [and sub-sect. (3)] of sect. 6 
 
 of the Tithe Act, 1891, in respect of (m) rate due from the 
 
 owner of the tithe reutcharge issuing out of the lands described in 
 the schedule. 
 
 The owners of the lands are (ri) - . 
 
 The owner of the tithe rentcharge is (o) . 
 
 The rate due amounts with costs to . 
 
 I have taken the following proceedings for the recovery of the 
 rate [insert description and date of proceeding, e.g., distress under 
 warrant of justices]. 
 
 Dated the day of , 19. 
 
 C. D., Collector. 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or Description 
 of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 Number in Pariah 
 Apportionment, 
 if known. 
 
 
 
 
 
 32. NOTICE to OWNER of TITHE RENTCHARGE or OWNER 
 of LANDS to be SERVED with the DUPLICATE NOTICE of 
 RATE COLLECTOR'S APPLICATION. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 No. of Application . 
 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 A. B., applicant [collector of rates for the 
 address is -]. 
 
 of 
 
 whose 
 
 (Z) Insert name of area for which the collector collects. 
 
 (TO) Insert name of rate or rates. 
 
 (TO) Insert names and addresses of owners. 
 
 (o) Insert name and address of owner.
 
 TITHES. 1409 
 
 [E. F.], owner of land [insert, if known, name, address, and 
 
 description]. 
 C. D., owner of the tithe rentcharge [insert address and 
 
 description]. 
 
 To E. F., the owner of the tithe rentcharge issuing out of the 
 lands mentioned in the notice of application sent herewith; or, 
 
 To [C. D.], the owner of land out of which the tithe rentcharge 
 mentioned in the notice of application sent herewith issues. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that the application by A. B., of which a copy is 
 sent herewith, will be heard at the sitting of the Court, to be 
 holden at [insert courthouse], on the - - day of - , 19 , at 
 
 the hour of in the noon, and that if you wish to oppose 
 
 the application you must, five clear days before the day appointed 
 for the hearing, file with the registrar of this Court the notice of 
 opposition given below. 
 
 Dated this day of , 19 . 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Amount of rate claimed 
 
 Costs of this notice 
 
 Amount upon payment of which you will 
 incur no further costs 
 
 If you do not give notice of opposition or appear on the day 
 appointed for the hearing, the Court may make an order against 
 you in your absence. 
 
 33. NOTICE of OPPOSITION. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 No. of Application . 
 
 In the County Court of , holden at . 
 
 In the matter of the application of A. B., rate collector. 
 
 To the Registrar of the County Court of . 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that I wish to oppose the application of A. B., of 
 which I have received notice, on the ground [here state grounds,
 
 1410 TITHES. 
 
 e.g., that I am not the owner of the land in respect of which 
 the tithe rentcharge issues; or, that I am not the owner of the 
 tithe rentcharge mentioned in the notice of application ; or, that 
 the amount claimed in respect of the rate has been paid; or any 
 other grounds that are intended to be relied on]. 
 
 Dated the - - day of , 19. 
 
 E. F., owner of the tithe rentcharge 
 [or, G. K., solicitor of E. F.]. 
 
 C. D., owner of the lands 
 
 [or, G. K., solicitor of C. D.]. 
 
 34. NOTICE to RATE COLLECTOR of NOTICE of OPPOSITION. 
 
 No. of Application - . 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 In the County Court of - , holden at . 
 
 A. B., rate collector, Applicant. 
 E. F., owner of tithe rentcharge. 
 C. D., owner of the lands. 
 
 To A. B., rate collector. 
 
 TAKE NOTICE that E. F., owner of the tithe rentcharge in 
 respect of which the application is made [or, C. D., owner of the 
 lands out of which the tithe rentcharge issues], has given notice 
 of opposition in the above matter on the ground that (p) - . 
 
 The application will be heard at the sitting of the Court to be 
 holden at [insert courthouse] , on the - - day of - , 19 , 
 at the hour of in the - noon. 
 
 Dated this day of - , 19 . 
 
 -, Registrar. 
 
 (p) Insert ground stated in notice of opposition.
 
 TITHES. 
 
 1411 
 
 35. ORDER wider sect. 6 of the TITHK ACT, 1891, for 
 RECOVERY of SUM DUE on account of RATES. 
 
 Tithe Act, 1891. 
 
 In the County Court of - 
 of 
 
 -, holden at 
 -, 19-. 
 
 -, the - - day 
 
 A. B., rate collector. 
 
 E. F., owner of tithe rentcharge. 
 
 [C. D.], owner of lands [not known]. 
 
 IT is this day ordered that C. D. pay to A. B. any sum. which 
 is now due or which may become due on account of the tithe 
 rentcharge owned by E. F. issuing out of the lands described in 
 
 the schedule to this order until the sum of - - pounds, 
 
 shillings, and - - pence, the amount due in respect of the (q) 
 rates assessed on' the said C . D . in respect of that tithe rent- 
 charge and costs [and any sum which may become due in respect 
 of any such rate] [until the - - day of - , 19 ], is fully 
 paid. 
 
 And further it is ordered that should default be made by the 
 said C. D. in obeying this order the said A. B. may apply to 
 this Court for the appointment of a receiver or of an officer to 
 distrain as the case may be. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Dated this - - day of , 19. 
 
 , Registrar. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF LANDS. 
 
 Name or Description of Lands. 
 
 Parish in which 
 situate. 
 
 County in which 
 situate. 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 (q) Insert name of rate.
 
 1412 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 I. RULES of a WORKMEN'S UNION (a). 
 
 Part I. General. 
 RULE 1. NAME, OBJECTS, AND CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Namc 1. The Society formed under these rules, hereafter called " The 
 
 Society," shall be known by the title of - . 
 
 ^^h ^' ^ ie Society shall consist of members belonging to, and carn- 
 
 membersmay ing the rate of wages fixed by the District Committees, for the 
 following trades or branches: - . District Committees shall 
 also have power to fix conditions under which candidates may 
 be admitted from time to time. 
 
 Objects. 3. The objects for which the Society is established are: by 
 
 the provision and distribution of funds and by the other means 
 hereinafter mentioned on the conditions set forth in these rules, 
 to protect and regulate the conditions of laibour in the trades in 
 the last preceding clause mentioned, and the relation of its mem- 
 bers with them; to promote the general and material welfare 
 of its members; to assist them when out of work or in distressed 
 circumstances; to assist such of them as desire it to acquire posses- 
 sion of their dwellings; to provide them with legal assistance in 
 obtaining redress for accidents; to support them in case of sick- 
 ness, accidents, and by superannuation; also to provide for their 
 burial and for the burial of their wives, and compensation for 
 loss of tools by fire or water; to aid by federation other societies 
 having for their objects, or one of them, the promotion of the 
 interests of workmen; and, by extending our system of invest- 
 ments for co-operative productive purposes, to assist in altering 
 the competitive system of industry for a co-operative system in 
 order to secure a full share of the fruits of our labour. But before, 
 however, any money can be invested by the Executive Council 
 for the last-named purpose the object and amount proposed to 
 
 (a) Adapted from the Eules of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers 
 and published by their permission.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1413 
 
 be invested shall be clearly defined by them, and a vote of the 
 members taken, when the majority for or against shall decide 
 whether the Society shall adopt the proposal or not. 
 
 4. The Society shall be divided into brandies, to one of which Division 
 every member shall belong. No branch shall consist of more 
 
 than 300 members, unless by consent of the District Committee. 
 The local limits of each branch, the formation of new branches, 
 ;u id the number of members in each, shall be determined as here- 
 inafter mentioned. .Every branch shall have powers as provided 
 by these rules, and shall be subject in accordance with them to 
 the control and direction of the general governing bodies of the 
 Society and their officers; but every branch shall appoint its own 
 officers and conduct its own business in the manner set forth in 
 the following rules. 
 
 5. There shall be a General Office, which shall be the regis- Place of 
 tered office of the Society, and which shall be the place of meeting office** 
 for its business, at , in the county of . 
 
 RULE 2. ELECTIONS AND VOTING. 
 
 1. All elections and voting shall be conducted in the following 
 manner: 
 
 Any member may nominate any branch or general officer with- Nomination 
 out a seconder. All nominations for branch secretary and delegates j^jf te 
 for Trades and Labour Councils and - Trades Associations 
 must be made fourteen days previous to their election. Should 
 only one member accept nomination for any office, he shall be 
 declared duly elected. If two or more persons accept nomina- 
 tion for any office, the votes shall be separately taken. 
 
 All elections of branch officers (with the exception of secretary) Election of 
 
 shall be by show of hands. If any one of the candidates receives officers 
 
 and delegates. 
 
 a larger number of votes than all the others combined, he shall 
 be declared duly elected. If no candidate has such a majority, 
 the two highest shall be again put to the vote, and the one obtain- 
 ing the largest number of votes shall be duly elected. The 
 votes must be taken by ballot for the following: general secre- 
 tary and all general officers, delegates for meetings for revision 
 of rules or Final Appeal Court, meetings of Labour Party or 
 Federation Conferences, and branch secretaries, and District Com- 
 mitteemen who represent more than one branch.
 
 1414 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Branch 
 powers 
 re votes 
 by ballot. 
 
 Limitation of 
 time for 
 voting. 
 
 Extension of 
 time for 
 voting. 
 
 Provision 
 for out- 
 workers. 
 
 Intimation of 
 candidature. 
 
 Issue of 
 printed 
 matter. 
 
 Distribution 
 of addresses. 
 
 Validity 
 of votes and 
 date of 
 voting. 
 
 Branches shall have power to provide the means of voting by 
 ballot. Such ballot may be taken by post in the British colonies 
 and America, where members reside more than five miles from 
 a branch, and in such cases as are so decided the ballot boxes shall 
 remain open for voting as follows: Branches having more than 
 100 members, not less than two and a half hours; all below 100 
 members, not less than two hours. To enable night-shift mem- 
 bers and those who cannot attend their branches owing to their 
 legitimate occupations, to vote, the time rf>f meeting may be 
 extended by the opening of any branch on the day fixed for 
 voting at an earlier or later hour than stated in Rule 3, clause 2. 
 
 Any member working out of his district, or a general officer, 
 thus being unable to vote in his own branch, shall, on production 
 of satisfactory evidence, be allowed to vote in a branch in the 
 district in which he may be for the time located. 
 
 2. All candidates for general offices must intimate their candi- 
 dature to the General Office in their own handwriting, accom- 
 panied by original testimonials, and, if they desire testimonials 
 to be printed, these shall be sent to the General Office for that 
 purpose; and no candidate shall issue or cause to be issued to the 
 branches any printed, type-written, cyclo-style, or any duplicated 
 matter, other than that through the General Office. The name* 
 of the candidates shall be submitted to the members, and the 
 two having the highest number of votes shall be again submitted, 
 unless one candidate has an absolute majority over all the rest 
 combined. The addresses of candidates for general office shall 
 be distributed in the proportion of one per six members, but the 
 number of branches nominating shall not be published. Each 
 member nominated for office shall be furnished with the names 
 of all nominated candidates. 
 
 In all elections under the direction of the Executive Council, 
 or of the American, Australasian, or South African Councils, 
 nomination and election schedules must be posted from the offices. 
 A date must be specified on which all voting shall cease, and all 
 votes taken on or before the specified date, provided that they 
 have been taken in accordance with this rule, shall be valid not- 
 withstanding any neglect on the part of any officers, or from any 
 other causes whatever. In the event of any general officer resign- 
 ing, or being removed by death or otherwise, another election 
 shall take place, and the appointment then made shall be for the
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1415 
 
 remainder of the unexpired term. In the event of the unexpired 
 
 term being less than twelve months, he will not be called upon to 
 
 bo re-elected, but will continue in office for the ensuing three 
 
 years. But if it be necessary to fill the office temporarily, it Pro tempore 
 
 shall be filled by Council. office** 
 
 3. Tellers (elected as provided by Rule 5) shall, in ballot voting, Tellers and 
 see that all members of their branch who enter the branch meeting- 
 room receive a ballot paper, on which shall be placed the namee 
 
 of the candidates, and the branch to which they belong. The 
 secretary shall supply them with a list of names and numbers 
 of the members in the branch. One teller shall hand out the 
 ballot papers and affix the branch seal thereto. The other shall 
 keep a record on the sheet supplied by the secretary of those 
 voting, such record to correspond Avith the number of ballot papers 
 given out. Members having voted must place their papers in 
 the ballot box, which shall be under the strict supervision of the 
 tellers. After the close of the ballot box, the tellers, in conjunc- 
 tion with the president, shall count the votes. When counted the 
 latter shall read to the branch the result, sign the same along 
 with the secretary, then seal it up in a stamped envelope pro- 
 vided for the purpose. 
 
 The tellers shall be responsible for the immediate posting of 
 the same. For these duties they shall be paid sixpence each. 
 
 In the event of branches being open for an extended time to 
 enable night-shift members to vote, the pay of the tellers shall 
 be one shilling each. Ballot papers must be kept in the posses- 
 sion of the branch for one month after the returns are due at 
 the General Office. Any violation of this clause shall render 
 the vote of the branch invalid. 
 
 4. Any member intimidating members voting, or circulating Intimidation, 
 false or malicious statements in order to influence elections, shall 
 
 be fined according to the gravity of the offence, but not less than 
 2s. Qd. 
 
 5. No member shall be nominated, elected to, or continue in, Disqualifica- 
 any office if 10s. in arrears. No Executive Councilman, organis- 
 
 ing district delegate, full-time district secretary, or vacant-book 
 office-keeper shall be eligible to contest for annual meetings of 
 the General Federation of Trades, the Labour Party Conference, 
 or any other body to which the Society may be affiliated, but the 
 Executive Council may appoint and send one or two represents-
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 tives to any of such meetings. -Nor shall any member be eligible 
 for any general office who keeps a public or beer house, or who is 
 
 a partner in any firm or business connected with the trade. 
 
 The new branch officers shall be elected four weeks before they 
 enter on their duties. No officer shall nominate his successor, 
 but shall only give his vote. 
 
 Branch 
 meetings. 
 
 Discussions. 
 
 Meeting 
 place. 
 
 Time of 
 meeting. 
 
 Night of 
 meeting. 
 
 Branch 
 powers re 
 levies. 
 
 RULE 3. BRANCH AND SUMMONED MEETINGS. 
 
 1. A meeting of the members of each branch shall be held 
 every fortnight for the transaction of its business. All members' 
 contributions and other payments, unless otherwise provided for 
 by rule, must be paid at this meeting. Propositions for new 
 members shall also be decided at branch meetings, except such as 
 may be taken at special meetings, as hereinafter provided for. 
 Branches may also discuss matters concerning Labour interests 
 generally, and have papers read thereon, always provided that 
 such discussion does not interfere with the ordinary branch busi- 
 ness, and is not on questions of a religious nature. Each branch 
 shall be provided with a notice board for the posting of all 
 interesting information. No intoxicating drinks shall be allowed 
 in the room during branch meetings. No branch shall be held 
 on licensed premises when other suitable rooms are obtainable, 
 nor shall any branch be removed from one place to another unless 
 by the consent of two-thirds of the members voting at a meeting 
 specially summoned for that purpose; votes to be taken by ballot. 
 
 2. The business of the meeting shall commence at half-past 
 seven p.m. All branches having more than 100 members shall 
 close their books at ten o'clock, and all not having more than 
 100 at half -past nine o'clock. Branches shall have a discretionary 
 power to commence and close sooner or later if these hours should 
 be inconvenient. Branches shall have power to change their night 
 of meeting if it falls on a holiday, the alteration to be decided on 
 not less than four weeks previously, and a notice posted on the 
 intervening meeting night. 
 
 3. Branches shall have power to make a levy on their members, 
 not exceeding 2s. per annum, to meet expenses incurred in support 
 of any local work or general movement instituted to further or 
 promote the interests of the trade or the working class in general. 
 Before this levy can be made or any money paid from this fund
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1417 
 
 so established a vote of the members of the branch must be taken 
 at a meeting summoned for the purpose, and the summons must 
 state the time when the vote will be taken. This levy shall 
 be called the " Local Affairs and General Purposes Levy; " and, 
 on these same conditions, the branches shall have power to levy 
 for the support of representatives on any local infirmary board 
 or committee, such levy not to exceed Is. per member per 
 annum. Branches shall have power to raise funds by levy on. Branch 
 their members for the purpose of assisting other trade societies, j^f^ffairs 
 but such moneys must be handed over for disbursement to the 
 local District Committee. Branches shall also have power to set 
 up " municipal and local affairs committees," which shall act in 
 conjunction with the General Office " Public Tenders Depart- 
 ment," and the duties of which shall be to watch over the interests 
 of the trade in the letting of contracts, to collect information, and 
 generally keep the General Office informed of all matters con- 
 cerning municipal affairs in which the trade interests are con- 
 cerned, and to attend such meetings as they may be directed, 
 with a view of furthering the objects here enumerated. The 
 expenses of these latter committees shall be submitted to the 
 branches which have set them up, and, if approved, shall be paid 
 from the levy raised by such branches for the purpose of municipal 
 representation. Australasian, American, South African, and 
 Canadian branches shall have power to levy 2s. Qd. per member 
 per annum for political Labour Councils. 
 
 4. The quarterly meetings shall be held on the first regular Quarterly 
 meeting nights, in January, April, July, and October, when the meet;ln 8 - 
 report of the income and expenditure of the last quarter shall be 
 
 read over by the auditors to the meeting. This business shall 
 commence half-an-hour after the time of meeting. All officers/, Change of 
 including those retiring and holding keys, and those who have 
 been appointed for the ensuing term, must be in attendance, or 
 be fined sixpence each. The retiring president shall preside until 
 the quarterly report be received by the branch, and the new 
 president shall then take his place. Both presidents shall be paid 
 the same as other branch officers, but, in the event of the retiring 
 president being re-elected, he shall only receive the usual amount. 
 
 5. There shall, if practicable, be a box provided and kept in Branch box 
 the place where the branch holds its meetings, in which shall be and keys> 
 deposited all moneys (except such as may be held by the
 
 1418 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Branch books, 
 
 Security 
 of branch 
 property. 
 
 Reports 
 of branches 
 abroad. 
 
 Branch 
 powers re 
 members of 
 other 
 branches. 
 
 Special 
 meetings. 
 
 Branch 
 powers re 
 roll call. 
 
 treasurer), and all books, papers, letters, &c. (except such as are 
 immediately wanted), or are otherwise deposited; the box shall 
 be secured by three locks; there shall be three locks also to the 
 cash drawer, the keys of which shall be kept by the president 
 (unless he is a trustee), check-book keeper, and money steward. 
 In branches where the check-book keeper is money steward, the 
 vice-president shall act in the former capacity. The branch books 
 shall be open at all reasonable times to inspection by any mem- 
 ber or person having an interest in the funds. 
 
 6. Branches must adopt the best means they can obtain in 
 their respective localities for the security of branch and cash 
 boxes and their contents; the landlord, owner, or tenant of the 
 place in which they are kept shall give security for their safety, 
 bonds for which may be had on application to the General Office; 
 but should the landlord, owner, or tenant refuse to give security, 
 branches shall have power to insure the same to the extent of 
 20. 
 
 7. All branches under the jurisdiction of the American, South 
 African, and Australasian Councils shall send a copy of their 
 quarterly and yearly reports to the said Councils at the same 
 time as they forward the report to the General Office. 
 
 8. Any member desirous of visiting a branch other than that 
 of which he is a member, shall be admitted on producing his con- 
 tribution card, or such other evidence as may be deemed satisfac- 
 tory by the president. He shall not be allowed to take part in 
 the proceedings unless with the consent of the meeting; and 
 should he misconduct himself he shall be subject to the penalties 
 provided in Rule 39. 
 
 9. In cases of emergency the president, secretary, committee, 
 or referee of a branch shall have the power of summoning a 
 general meeting; if practicable, the business shall be stated and 
 the hour of meeting shall be intimated to the members. For 
 this purpose the secretary shall be provided with a book, in which 
 he shall insert the address of each member. Any member chang- 
 ing his residence, and not informing the secretary on or before 
 the following branch meeting night, shall be fined Is., unless a 
 satisfactory reason be given. 
 
 10. At all summoned meetings the roll may be called over 
 half-an-hour after the time specified; and any business transacted 
 at a special summoned meeting shall not be binding, unless the
 
 KULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1419 
 
 members have been duly summoned. Such a meeting shall strictly 
 
 confine itself to the objects specified in the summons. The mode 
 
 of sending summonses shall be at the discretion of each branch. 
 
 Branches shall have a discretionary power in calling the roll, and 
 
 may fine members for not attending summoned meetings, or for 
 
 leaving such meetings before transacting the business for which 
 
 they are summoned, such fine to be 3d. The following are, how- Those exempt 
 
 ever, exempt from this fine, namely: Those holding positions as ' 
 
 foremen; those who are over fifty-five years of age; those who 
 
 are working or residing three miles from the clubhouse; and those 
 
 who, having attended the meeting, have obtained leave of absence 
 
 from the branch president. Any member sending a false apology, 
 
 or knowingly giving a false apology, for an absent member, shall 
 
 be fined 2s. 6d. 
 
 11. The asterisks, or small stars, on the members' contribution stars on 
 cards shall answer for a summons on the nights for election of con * nbutlon 
 
 cards answer 
 
 branch officers, except at the general summoned meeting night for summons, 
 in December (in Australasian, American, and Canadian and 
 South African branches, September), when they shall be sum- 
 moned by circular. 
 
 RULE 4. BRANCH COMMITTEE. 
 
 1. There shall be a branch committee (which shall also be, in Constitution 
 single branches, the District Committee), composed of members 
 
 who have been in the Society two years (except in new branches), 
 who shall be elected at the general summoned meeting for the 
 election of officers every three months. This committee shall con- 
 sist of not less than five nor more than seven members, exclusive 
 of president and secretary; each member shall be elected for six 
 months, the majority and the minority retiring alternately. 
 Branches having 100 members or less shall have five committeemen, 
 and those having more than 100 shall have seven. Branches 
 must be very careful in the selection of their committees, so that 
 in all cases such committees may be so composed as to give fair 
 and impartial decisions, and no member shall sit to adjudicate 
 upon any case in which he is personally concerned. A majority 
 of the committee shall form a quorum. 
 
 2. Branch committeemen shall attend at such time and place Convening of 
 as may be specified by the president, secretary, referee, or a meetm & 8 - 
 
 B. VOL. ii. 36
 
 1420 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Committee'* 
 
 decisions. 
 
 Committee'.* 
 powers. 
 
 Witnesses. 
 
 Special 
 
 half-yearly 
 
 meetings. 
 
 Position 
 of president 
 and secretary. 
 
 majority of the committee, who shall order the secretary to issue 
 summonses for that purpose. All decisions arrived at by the com- 
 mittee shall he final, subject to the right of appeal, within one 
 month, to a summoned meeting of the branch. Should any case 
 come before a branch committee on which the rules are silent, 
 the case and the decision of the committee shall be stated in the 
 Monthly Report, provided that such decision bo approved by the 
 Executive Council; the same to be a guide to all other branches. 
 The above shall also apply to the Australasian, South African, 
 and American Areas in which any decision may be published in 
 the reports issued by the respective Councils. The decision shall 
 be entered in the branch minute book, and in the book specially 
 provided for the purpose, which shall be open for inspection on 
 regular meeting nights. 
 
 3. The committee shall have power to summon any officer or 
 member to attend its meetings, and to call a special summoned 
 meeting of the branch when it deems it necessary. It shall also 
 have access to all books and accounts of the branch bearing upon 
 the matter to be decided. When a committee is desirous of receiv- 
 ing further evidence or information in any case under its con- 
 sideration, other persons, not being members, or being members 
 of another branch, may be summoned to give such information 
 as the committee may be desirous of obtaining, and shall receive, 
 with the consent of the committee, the same remuneration as 
 members of the committee. 
 
 4. Branch committees shall, every three months, examine into 
 cases of long continued receipt of benefit, and shall have power 
 to bring cases of suspicious conduct, incompetency, or manipu- 
 lation before the branch or the Executive Council, with a view 
 to the member being dealt with in accordance with rule. Such 
 examinations may be retrospective. The committee shall also 
 have power, in accordance with donation rule, to compel members 
 under fifty years of age to take travelling cards. 
 
 5. The branch president and secretary shall attend and may 
 express their opinions at all meetings, but shall not vote, nor be 
 for any other purpose members of the committee, except in the 
 event of the votes being equal, when the president shall give a 
 casting vote. The minutes of the committee's proceedings shall 
 be signed by the president at the close of the meeting, and must 
 be read up at the following branch meeting.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1421 
 
 6. Members of committees shall attend all meetings at which Payment and 
 their presence may be required, or be fined 6d., unless a satis- comm ittee- 
 factorj' reason be given for non-attendance; and shall be allowed men - 
 the sum of 6d. for each attendance, president and secretary in- 
 cluded. Any committeeman, or witness, residing more than two 
 miles from the place of meeting shall receive third-class return 
 railway, omnibus, or ferry fare. Members being summoned to 
 attend a branch committee, and not attending, shall be fined 6d., 
 unless a satisfactory excuse be given to the committee. 
 
 RULE 5. BRANCH OFFICERS; PAYMENT AND PENALTIES. 
 
 1. Each branch of the Society shall be under the government Number, 
 of a president, and such other officers as the rules direct. The 
 number of officers in each branch shall be regulated as follows: 
 Branches having not more than twenty members shall have three 
 officers, viz., president, secretary, and check-book keeper; branches 
 having more than twenty, and not more than forty members, four 
 officers, including doorkeeper; branches having more than forty, 
 
 and not more than seventy members, five officers, including vice- 
 president; branches having more than seventy, and not more than 
 150 members, six officers, including money steward; branches 
 having more than 150 members, seven officers, including assistant 
 secretary; branches having more than 100 members may have an 
 additional doorkeeper if necessary. There shall also be two tellers Tellers, 
 elected quarterly by each branch, whose duties shall be to attend 
 to all ballot elections, and report the result of the same to the 
 branch president. 
 
 2. A member of each branch shall also be appointed, whose journal sales- 
 duty shall be to distribute the monthly Journals to those pur- 
 
 chasing the same, and to endeavour to increase the circulation. 
 Ho shall adopt the best means practicable for the distribution of 
 the Journals to the subscribing members, shall be responsible for 
 ( the number of copies received, and shall give an account to his 
 branch of the number of copies received and sold, and also settle 
 for the same with his branch every branch meeting night. He 
 shall be appointed at the annual election of officers in December. 
 His name and address shall be inserted in the Corresponding List, 
 and the Journals shall be sent to such address. He shall be paid 
 /.it the rate of 2d. per twelve copies sold, this to cover all expenses. 
 
 36(2)
 
 1422 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Penalties for 
 neglect of 
 duty. 
 
 Exemptions. 
 
 Penalties for 
 
 refusing 
 
 office. 
 
 Liability for 
 damage 
 to branch 
 property. 
 
 Payment for 
 attendance 
 and duties. 
 
 3. Any branch officer not attending in time shall be fined 6rf., 
 unless a satisfactory reason be assigned to the branch; and if 
 absent the whole evening shall, in the absence of satisfactory 
 explanations, be fined the sum of Is. The officer appointed who 
 neglects to read a detailed account of the income and expenditure 
 for the previous fortnight shall be fined Is. ; also the president if 
 he neglects to have that duty carried out shall be fined Is. Any 
 officer whose duty it is to hold the keys of the box who leaves 
 before the meeting is closed, without the sanction of the branch, 
 shall be fined Is. Any member who, being present at a branch 
 meeting and being proposed and seconded for office in the branch, 
 refuses to stand his nomination, shall be fined 6d. ; this fine to be 
 strictly enforced unless he can show a reasonable cause for such 
 refusal. 
 
 4. Members will be exempt who are above fifty -five years of 
 age, who reside two miles from the clubhouse, or who are holding 
 situations as foremen. The president shall, before any member 
 is elected, ask the secretary if the candidate is 10s. in arrears. 
 
 5. Any member' may be nominated or elected in his absence if 
 he has notified his willingness to take office. Any member refus- 
 ing to accept office after his election shall be fined Is.; but any 
 member having served or paid the fine shall not be liable to be 
 re-elected for a period of twelve months, unless all the members 
 have served office or paid the fine, when he shall be again liable 
 to be elected or have the fines inflicted until the branch be fur- 
 nished with officers. 
 
 6. Officers whose duty it is to hold the keys of the branch box 
 shall produce them to the trustees when required; also at the 
 branch meetings, and should they neglect to do so and thereby 
 cause the box to be damaged, such damage shall be repaired 
 at the expense of the officer or officers so neglecting, and the 
 amount, if not paid, shall be placed to their debit at the end of 
 the quarter. 
 
 7. Each branch officer, including the branch treasurer if a 
 member, shall be allowed the sum of Qd. for his attendance 011 
 branch meeting nights, except the money steward, who shall be- 
 paid as follows: Qd. up to 100 members, and 3^. for every addi- 
 tional 100 or part thereof, but these officers shall not be paid 
 for more than 300 members. The number of members on the 
 books at the beginning of the quarter shall be the basis of calcu-
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1423 
 
 lation in all cases except that of branch secretary. If a member 
 holds the dual position of check-book keeper and money steward, 
 he shall be paid the sum of 9d. for his attendance. All officers Giving up 
 before going out of office shall deliver up to the new officers all 
 books, moneys, papers, receipts, letters, or any other property 
 which may be in their possession belonging to the Society. 
 
 RULE 6. BRANCH OFFICERS: PRESIDENT, VICE-PRESIDENT, AND 
 ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 
 
 1. The president and vice-president of each branch, and, in Election, 
 branches numbering 150 members and upwards, the assistant sec- 
 retary, shall be chosen by a majority of the members present at 
 
 the general summoned meetings in March and September, except 
 
 in the American and Canadian branches, in which the elections 
 
 shall take place on the last meeting night in November. No Qualifica- 
 
 member, except in new branches, shall be elected as president, t] 
 
 vice-president, or assistant secretary who has not been in the 
 
 Society for fifty- two weeks successively. 
 
 2. The president shall preside over all meetings connected with Duties 
 the branch, sign all minutes, and see that the business is con- pre 
 ducted with propriety and order. He shall, when the auditors 
 deliver their report, inquire of them whether the accounts of the 
 branch have been correctly and intelligibly kept, and whether 
 they have fulfilled all the duties imposed on them by rule. If 
 
 the report receives the approval of the branch, the president shall 
 affix his signature thereto before retiring, and the copy thus 
 signed shall be sent to the General Office. He shall, when neces- 
 sary, sign credentials for the branch secretary in the event of the 
 latter officer being appointed to act in any other representative 
 capacity. He shall read, or appoint a member to read, the cor- 
 respondence of the past fortnight and arrears notice, as supplied 
 by the secretary. Should it occur that the president or vice- 
 president, or both, are absent, their offices shall be filled by elec- 
 tion from the members present. The president shall not be Voting 
 allowed to vote on any question affecting the government or busi- ^ 
 
 ness of the branch unless there be an equality of votes, when he 
 shall give a casting vote. On all general questions submitted to 
 the votes of the members throughout the Society, the president 
 will be entitled to vote, but on no occasion can he give two
 
 14*4 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Duties of vice- 
 president. 
 
 Duties 
 
 of assistant 
 
 secretary. 
 
 Qualification 
 and election 
 of secretary. 
 
 Publican 
 disqualified. 
 
 Duties re 
 entry of 
 contributions 
 and levies. 
 
 Duties n- 
 accounts. 
 
 Duties -c 
 arrears 
 
 votes. All fines imposed by these rules, unless otherwise specified, 
 shall bo imposed by the branch president. 
 
 3. The vice-president (in branches not having an assistant sec- 
 retary) shall take the minutes of the business transacted at general 
 meetings, and shall read from the cash book a detailed account of 
 the income and expenditure for the previous fortnight. 
 
 4. The assistant secretary, in branches having one, shall tako 
 the minutes of all general meetings, and read the detailed account 
 from the cash book of the income and expenditure for the previous 
 fortnight. 
 
 RULE 7. BRANCH SECRETARY. 
 
 1. The secretary of each branch must be a full member, and 
 shall be nominated on the meeting night previous to his election, 
 such election or re-election to take place annually, in accordance 
 with Rule 2, on the meeting night for the election of officers in 
 December, except in the Australasian, American, Canadian, and 
 South African branches, which shall elect their officers in Septem- 
 ber, and branches which, by their excessive distance from the 
 General Office, render it necessary to elect the secretary and referee 
 earlier. The names must be forwarded in time to be issued 
 with the list of corresponding officers for the ensuing year. The 
 secretary shall have been in the Society for four years succes- 
 sively (except in new branches) before he can be elected to office. 
 No member shall act as secretary who keeps a public or beer- 
 house. 
 
 2. The secretary shall attend the meetings of his branch, and on 
 the general meeting nights he shall enter all levies, contributions, 
 and arrears deducted from benefits in the book provided for that 
 purpose, also on the members' contribution cards, and sign the 
 same. He shall also post the dates, amounts, and names of each 
 levy. He shall keep the accounts of his branch in a clear and 
 intelligible manner, and keep all documents, accounts, books (bank 
 book and check-book excepted), and papers belonging to his 
 branch in such form, manner, and place as the branch may 
 appoint, and shall conduct such correspondence as belongs to his 
 office. He shall have the check-book at the conclusion of the 
 audit, for the purpose of transferring the names and arrears of 
 members to the forthcoming quarter. He shall, where practic- 
 able, send one notice to all members who are 15s. in arrears, and a
 
 HULKS OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 further notice when 21s. in arrears, in addition to posting their and 
 names in the meeting-room. He shall also post the names of 
 excluded members for three successive meeting nights in a con- 
 spicuous place in the meeting-room, and shall, if practicable, 
 notify in writing every member so excluded. He shall furnish 
 the president with a programme of the business to be brought 
 before the meeting, as far as may be practicable. 
 
 3. The branch secretary, on the admission of any candidate, Duties r 
 
 111- i -i entry of 
 
 shall issue tor him an entrance card, and enter in the entrance members, 
 book and card the amounts paid by or on account of such candi- 
 date, before and after his admission, until the whole entrance fee 
 has been paid. He shall send all proposition forms to the General 
 Ofiice within one month after admission or rejection. He shall 
 make out all cheques for the payment of every item of expendi- 
 ture incurred by the branch. He must deduct all contributions 
 and fines due, owing from members declaring on benefit, and, on Duties re 
 the following meeting night, shall enter the amount so deducted declaring 
 in the contribution book and on the member's contribution card, on benefit - 
 also the number of days exempt from contributions during the 
 quarter. He shall fill up all clearances and travelling cards, shall 
 attend to the vacant book of his branch, and shall be held respon- 
 sible for advancing more than two days' donation to any member 
 on travel. He shall summon committee, special, and general Duties re 
 meetings, and take the minutes of the same. He shall supply the meetings and 
 branch tellers with a list of the names and numbers of the branch elentlon8 - 
 when such list is required for ballot votes, and he shall also write 
 out the credentials, i.e., certificates of identity and election for 
 Executive Councilmen and delegates, stating the length of time 
 they have been members of the Society, and their financial 
 position. 
 
 4. He shall, monthly or oftener, report to the General Secre- Duties re 
 tary (such report to arrive at the General Office not later than 
 
 the second day of each month), giving the state of trade in hi* 
 district, the number and departments of trade to which the mem- 
 bers belong who are out of employment, and those in receipt of 
 benefit, and shall state if there is a probability of men being 
 wanted. 
 
 5. The secretary shall prepare a report at the end of each Duties re 
 quarter (ending on the last meeting nights in March, June, report. : 
 September, and December), containing a detailed account of the
 
 14i>6 
 
 TKADE UNIONS. 
 
 Duties re 
 yearly report. 
 
 Duties re 
 supplying 
 general 
 information . 
 
 Re exclusions. 
 
 Re date 
 of quarterly 
 and yearly 
 reports. 
 
 Re unem- 
 ployed. 
 
 Re alteration 
 of rules. 
 
 income and expenditure as set forth in the forms provided for the 
 purpose, the total amount of arrears, with the average per member 
 on the last meeting night of the quarter; also the number of 
 members in the branch, and the number and names of those who 
 have been admitted or excluded during the quarter, together with 
 other information as to a.ge, trade, married or single, so that such 
 particulars may be compiled and kept at the General Office for 
 the purpose of reference, for superannuation or otherwise. 
 
 6. He shall prepare a yearly report, ending on the last meet- 
 ing night in December. The American and Canadian branch 
 secretaries shall send in their accounts in s. d. as well as in' 
 dollars and cents. (The Australasian, American, Canadian, and 
 South African branch secretaries shall close their financial year 
 at the end of the September quarter.) With the yearly report 
 he shall send to the General Office the whole of the auditors' 
 names for the year, so that they may be published with the 
 branch accounts, and also a duplicate of the financial statement 
 contained in the yearly report, also the names and addresses of the 
 secretary, referee, treasurer, and trustees, and that of the club- 
 house, and the nights of meeting, within the first three days after 
 the election in December (except in the cases of Australasian, 
 American, Canadian, and South African branches, which shall 
 be within three days after the election in September). If secre- 
 tary of a branch where there is no district committee, he shall 
 supply to the General Secretary such information as to trade 
 customs and rates of wages as may from time to time be required 
 by the Executive Council. He shall send, with the quarterly and 
 yearly reports, the names of all who have been excluded, with the 
 causes of such exclusion. 
 
 7. The secretary shall send in the quarterly and yearly 
 accounts, duly signed by the auditors and branch president, to 
 the General Secretary within eighteen days of the close of each 
 quarter and year, but in no case shall he forward the same with- 
 out first submitting them to the branch meeting for approval. 
 
 He shall, at least once in each week (or of toner if necessary), 
 furnish to the registrars a list of the unemployed members in 
 the branch (on sheets supplied by Executive Council), so that 
 a complete list may be accessible to members or others in search 
 of men to fill situations. 
 
 He shall forward to the General Office, in accordance with
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 14*27 
 
 Rule 18, all suggestions which have been adopted by the branch 
 for the alteration of rules. 
 
 He shall enter a record of all benevolent grants as they are R e record of 
 paid to members of his branch, and, in the event of such members ^nts ei 
 being transferred to other branches, he shall enter the record on, 
 the clearance form. 
 
 He shall enter notifications of accidents in the branch minute # record 
 book, order the payment of funeral benefit, and notify the General 
 Office on the death of a member of his branch. 
 
 He shall also forward the name and address of the member -Re Journal 
 of his branch who is appointed for the purpose of distributing Sl 
 the monthly Journals. He shall supply the branch referee with a 
 copy of the Monthly Report. He shall instruct the sick stewards 
 on it being necessary for such an officer to visit a sick member, 
 and in conjunction with them shall have power to allow siok 
 members to remove. 
 
 No secretary shall be allowed to take any member's contribu- ^contribu- 
 tions out of the branch meeting, except those of seagoing and O f branch, 
 registered members, or such as are remitted by post. Money so 
 left or remitted must be paid into the branch at the first regular 
 meeting thereafter. In the Colonies, America, and other places 
 where the conditions are such that members find it impossible 
 regularly to attend branch meetings, the local Council shall have 
 power to make a rule suitable to the conditions, subject to 
 approval by the Executive Council. 
 
 For neglecting any of the duties enumerated in the foregoing Penalties for 
 clauses, the secretary shall be fined 5s. For sending a fraudu- ne lect - 
 lent or wilfully inaccurate report, he shall be fined 3, not allowed 
 to hold any office again, or may be excluded from the Society. 
 
 8 . Should it be necessary for a secretary (or other member) Re obtaining- 
 to absent himself from his employment if he lawfully may 
 to obtain men to fill situations which may be vacant, he shall be 
 remunerated at the rate of wages he is then receiving, irrespec- 
 tive of overtime and piecework. He shall also receive third- 
 class return railway, tram, omnibus, or ferry fares. In the 
 Colonies and America the fares shall be at the lowest rates recog- 
 nised by Europeans. Such expenses shall be submitted to the 
 first meeting of the branch for its approval or otherwise. Any Penalties 
 member imposing on the Society in reference to these expenses r> 
 shall refund the money improperly obtained, and be fined 5s.
 
 1428 
 
 TRADK UNIONS. 
 
 Resignation 
 or remoTal. 
 
 Barred from 
 other offices. 
 
 Salary. 
 
 liasi.-s HI: 
 
 which paid. 
 
 9. Any secretary wishing to resign office shall, if possible, give 
 to his branch one month's notice. Any secretary whose conduct 
 shall be found unsatisfactory by a summoned meeting of the 
 branch, convened for that purpose by the president, committee, or 
 referee, shall be liable to be removed from office upon receiving 
 notice from such summoned meeting, and shall deliver up, imme- 
 diately on demand, all books, papers, and other property of the 
 Society, to the trustees of the branch. No secretary shall be allowed 
 to act either as treasurer or trustee of his branch, nor shall he, 
 under any circumstances, draw money from the treasurer for the 
 purpose of paying members or otherwise. In no instance shall 
 he receive his salary until his books have been audited and found 
 correct. The branch secretary's salary shall be paid quarterly 
 by the branch treasurer, on receipt by him of an order, counter- 
 signed by the branch auditors, for the number of members belong- 
 ing to his branch on the last meeting night in each quarter. All 
 cheques paid by the branch treasurer after the last meeting night 
 in any quarter must be considered expenditure for the following 
 quarter. 
 
 The scale of secretaries' salaries shall be as follows: 
 
 
 
 
 
 Intermediate 
 Memben 
 
 Members. 
 
 Per Annum. 
 
 Per Quarter. 
 
 per Quarter 
 per Member. 
 
 
 i . 
 
 ii. 
 
 *. //. 
 
 d. 
 
 10 
 
 1 17 
 
 6 
 
 095 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 4 7 
 
 6 
 
 1 1 10 
 
 4 
 
 70 
 
 6 11 
 
 3 
 
 1 12 10 
 
 4 
 
 100 
 
 8 15 
 
 
 
 239 
 
 3 
 
 130 
 
 10 12 
 
 6 
 
 2 13 1 
 
 3 
 
 190 
 
 13 15 
 
 
 
 390 
 
 2 
 
 250 
 
 16 5 
 
 
 
 4 1 3 
 
 1 
 
 300 
 
 17 5 
 
 8 
 
 465 
 
 1 
 
 Election . 
 
 In no case, however, shall secretaries be paid for more than 
 300 members. 
 
 Branch secretaries shall be paid 2d. per quarter for each insured 
 member and Id. per quarter for insured apprentice members. 
 
 RULE 8. BRANCH REFEREE AND HIS DUTIES. 
 
 A referee shall be appointed annually at the meeting for the 
 election of officers in December (with the exception of Australa-
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 sian, American, Canadian, and South African branches, in which 
 
 he shall be elected in September), whose address shall be sent to 
 
 the General Secretary within the first three days after election. 
 
 His duties shall consist in answering any communication that Duties. 
 
 may come under his notice, consequent upon the neglect of the 
 
 secretary in not attending to the correspondence connected with 
 
 his office. Whenever he receives any such communication he 
 
 must submit the same to the following branch meeting. When 
 
 transacting business he shall be paid the same as other branch Payment. 
 
 officers. If he neglects any of the duties of his office he shall 
 
 be fined 2s. 6d. On leaving office he shall deliver up all books, Penalties 
 
 papers, and other property of the Society he may hold. 
 
 KULE 9. CHECK-BOOK KEEPER, MONEY STEWARD, DOORKEEPER, 
 AND SICK STEWARD. 
 
 1. The check-book keeper and money steward shall be elected Election, 
 at general summoned meetings on alternate quarterly nights, and 
 
 shall each continue in office for six months. (In branches having 
 only seventy or a less number of members, the check-book keeper 
 shall act as money steward.) 
 
 The check-book keeper shall check the cards, shall enter the Duties of 
 
 * 11 
 
 amount in the branch check-book, and shall be answerable for e ^ e r 
 all moneys entrusted to him. 
 
 The money steward shall receive all payments from the meiii- Duties of 
 bers and enter the amounts taken in a book provided for the 
 purpose, and be answerable for all moneys entrusted to him, but 
 on no consideration shall he take the Society's money away from 
 the branch meeting-room. On each settlement with the treasurer 
 he must, before paying him the amount advanced, see that the 
 treasurer's name is signed across the face of each cheque and pay 
 sheet, on the back of which the money steward shall also sign his 
 own name in evidence of the treasurer having been paid the 
 amount stated. He shall also insert the income and expenditure 
 in his book, and balance the same each meeting night. 
 
 2. Doorkeepers shall be elected at summoned meetings, and Door- 
 shall act for three months, except in branches having two door- kee pers: 
 
 * number and 
 
 keepers, when they shall serve six months, and be elected alter- duties, 
 nately, non-free members being eligible for election. They shall 
 attend all meetings and assist the other officers in any business of
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Sick 
 
 stewards : 
 number and 
 duties. 
 
 Signing 
 of book. 
 
 Time of 
 payment of 
 sick benefit. 
 
 Payment 
 of sick 
 stewards. 
 
 Penalties for 
 neglect. 
 
 the branch. The inside doorkeeper shall at all meetings keep 
 the door closed when any member is speaking. He shall not 
 admit any member who is not known to him unless such member 
 produces his contribution card, or obtains some other member 
 to answer for his membership, nor shall he admit any member in 
 a state of intoxication, and on no account shall he take money 
 from a member outside the branch-room on summoned meeting 
 nights. 
 
 3. Branches shall have a discretionary power as to the number 
 of, and mode of, appointing their sick stewards, and any full 
 member shall be liable to be called upon to serve as such when he 
 has been in the Society twelve months. A sick steward shall 
 visit the sick once in each week, or oftener if the branch think it 
 necessary, except in cases where the member is afflicted with an 
 infectious disease, in which case his medical attendant shall be* 
 consulted. But in all cases where there is no infectious disease, 
 the sick member must be seen by the sick visitor. The sick 
 stewards shall, when necessary, remit sick, superannuation, or 
 donation benefit, and shall receive 2d. for each remittance, but 
 the cost of remitting donation and superannuation benefits must 
 be deducted from those benefits. They shall report every visit 
 personally, or in writing, to the secretary once in each week, and 
 to the branch on the meeting night. They shall be provided with 
 a book, which must be signed by the sick member each time he 
 is visited (or, if he is not able to sign, by his friends in his 
 presence), the date he is visited being noted therein. They shall 
 pay the sick member as early as possible on Friday evening, 
 unless he resides more than two miles from the clubhouse, in 
 which case he shall be paid not later than Saturday at 6 p.m. 
 But if a sick member resides more than two miles from his awn 
 or any other branch, his sick pay may be sent by post. For 
 neglecting any of the duties enumerated in this clause a fine of 
 6d. will be imposed. 
 
 4. A sick steward shall receive 3d. for each visit paid to a 
 sick member, and shall be held responsible for all moneys 
 entrusted to him. He shall attend on regular meeting nights 
 at the time appointed by each brajich, report how he found the 
 sick, and produce the sick book to the president, who shall 
 examine and sign the same. For non-attendance he shall be 
 fined Is., unless a satisfactory excuse be given to the members on
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1431 
 
 the following meeting night, but should he be unable to fulfil his 
 duties through sickness, leaving the district, or any other cause, 
 the secretary shall .appoint another member to fill his office until 
 the next meeting of the branch. 
 
 RULE 10. AUDITORS. 
 
 1. Each branch in single branch districts shall elect two Election, 
 auditors and a provisional auditor, each of whom shall serve for 
 twelve months, one of whom shall retire in June, and the other 
 
 two in December. (In Australasia, America, and South Africa 
 the elections shall be in March and September.) They shall be 
 elected at summoned meetings in the months mentioned. 
 
 In districts comprising two or more branches each branch shall 
 elect the auditors, and send the names to the District Committee. 
 The committee shall then appoint two auditors and a provisional 
 auditor to audit the accounts of each branch in the district, all 
 the auditors being used for the purpose. 
 
 Auditors shall have been members of the Society for two years, Qualification 
 except in new branches. No president, secretary, vice-president, f^atum^ 
 check-book keeper, assistant secretary, money steward, sick 
 steward, trustee, or treasurer shall be eligible to audit the accounts 
 of their own branches. Immediately before the election, the 
 second and third clauses of this rule shall be read by the president 
 to the meeting. 
 
 2. Branches must be most particular in their selection of 
 auditors, in order that confusion and mistakes in the books may 
 be avoided and fraud prevented from being practised upon the 
 Society. Their duties shall be to audit the income and expendi- Duties re 
 ture of a branch for the quarter in which they are elected, and audit - 
 also for the three following quarters. In districts of more than 
 
 one branch they may be required to audit the accounts of any 
 branch within such district to which they may be sent by the 
 District Committee. These duties shall be carried out accord- 
 ing to the instructions set out for auditors' guidance in the Manual Manual, 
 issued for that purpose, which they must obtain from the branch 
 secretary. They shall, in the course of the audit, examine all 
 the books kept by the branch or its officers, and the branch 
 bank book. They shall report whether such books have or have 
 not been correctly and properly kept, and whether or not mem-
 
 1432 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Expenditure 
 of branch. 
 
 Receipts and 
 rouohers. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Contributions, bers' contributions have been properly entered in the contribution 
 and check-books, and correctly added and transferred, with any 
 income arising from fines, to the cash book. They shall also 
 see that members' names have been properly transferred at the 
 end of the quarter to the new books, and the contributions, fines, 
 and levies, if any, owing from them to the Society properly 
 transferred. They shall examine the expenditure of the branch, 
 whether relating to benefits, payments to other branches, the 
 General Office, the District Committee, or other incidental 
 expenses, together with the published list of travellers in monthly 
 reports, all of which they must check carefully and compare with 
 vouchers. They must demand receipts and vouchers for every 
 item of expenditure and money deposited, and see that the interest 
 thereon is duly entered in the branch accounts. They shall also 
 examine the account of every member who has been on benefit, 
 and shall see whether or not every such member was entitled 
 under these rules to receive benefit. 
 
 Quarterly and 3. They shall examine the quarterly and, during the audit for 
 yearly report. tne j^f. q uar tj er of the year, the yearly report of the branch secre- 
 tary, and, on being satisfied of its correctness by examination 
 of all necessary documents, shall sign the same; and shall then 
 countersign an order on the branch treasurer for the secretary's 
 salary. At the meeting next following the audit they shall read 
 the quarterly or yearly reports to the branch. Such reports shall 
 contain a statement of the receipts and expenditure during the 
 last quarter, of the money in the hands of the branch at the 
 commencement and conclusion of the quarter or year, and any 
 other necessary information relative to the accounts, or the way 
 in which the same are kept. 
 
 4. All audits must commence within eight days after the close 
 of the quarter, and the two auditors shall attend during the whole 
 audit. After the auditors' report has been signed and sealed 
 by the branch president, the auditors must post the same to the 
 General Office. 
 
 Time of 
 audit. 
 
 Penalties for 
 absence 
 and neglect. 
 
 5. If a satisfactory reason for absence be not given to the 
 branch, the auditor who was absont shall be fined 2s. 6d. If any 
 auditor who has been engaged in the audit be absent from the 
 quarterly meeting without satisfactory reason being assigned, he 
 shall be fined Is. If any auditor be proved to the satisfaction of
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1433 
 
 a branch meeting to have wilfully neglected any of the duties 
 imposed by this rule, he shall be fined 2s. 6d. 
 
 6. Each branch auditor shall receive third-class return travel- Payment of 
 ling faro if he resides more than two miles from the clubhouse. a 
 Ho shall be paid according to the following scale. If at the 
 
 RE uio quarter mere 
 Not more than 25 
 
 are: 
 members 
 
 s. d. 
 2 9 
 
 50 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 100 
 
 
 4 3 
 
 150 
 
 
 5 
 
 200 
 
 
 5 9 
 
 250 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 Up to or over 300 
 
 
 7 3 
 
 The above shall be paid quarterly, and shall be paid to the 
 provisional auditor if called upon to act in the absence of the 
 auditor first selected by the committee. 
 
 All branch officers (including the provisional auditor if called 
 upon by the District Committee), secretary, and treasurer (if 
 a member), who may be required to attend the auditing of the 
 accounts, shall receive the sum of sixpence each for such audit. 
 
 Branch auditors shall be paid \d. for every five insured 
 -members per quarter. 
 
 List of Books for Auditors. 
 
 Contribution and Check Books. List of 
 
 Proposition and Entrance Book. examine. 
 
 Cash Book. 
 
 Bank Book and Deposit Receipts. 
 
 Money Steward and Treasurer's Books. 
 
 Donation Check Book and Sheets. 
 
 Sick and Superannuation Check Books and Sheets. 
 
 Benefit Book and Sick Steward's Books. 
 
 Registration Book; also Book for Fines. 
 
 Vacant Book and Minute Book. 
 
 Residence and Wages Book. 
 
 Declaration Book. 
 
 District Committee's Check Book. 
 
 List of Travellers in Monthly Reports. 
 
 Benevolent Grant Book.
 
 1434 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Qualification, 
 election, and 
 removal. 
 
 Duties 
 
 Signing 
 the bond. 
 
 Payment. 
 
 Election of 
 trustees. 
 
 RULE 11. BRANCH TREASURERS AND TRUSTEES. 
 
 1. The treasurer of each branch shall bo a householder, and 
 shall be elected annually, on the summoned meeting night for 
 the election of officers in December, and shall be subject to dis- 
 missal if he does not give satisfaction to the branch. But it 
 is not requisite that the treasurer should be a member. His 
 duties shall be to pay all cheques signed by the secretary which 
 have the branch seal thereon; but in no case shall the treasurer 
 advance money to the secretary on any cheque presented 
 by him unless such cheque be signed by one of the auditors, or 
 countersigned by the president or vice-president. The branch 
 shall advance any sum requisite to defray the expenses from 
 meeting night to 'meeting night, upon a bond signed by the 
 treasurer; the said sum or any balance thereof that may be in 
 hand shall be produced to the auditors at each audit. (Treasurers 
 to whom money is not advanced shall also sign a bond in accord- 
 ance with Rule 3, clause 6, and the amount and date when such 
 bond is signed shall be entered in the minute book at the time 
 of each election.) The treasurer shall be provided with a book 
 in which he shall enter the amount of checks and moneys paid 
 on account of the branch. For his services he shall receive a 
 fixed salary, as follows: 2s. Qd. per quarter in branches having 
 ten members, increasing at the rate of Sd. for every ten up to 
 300 members. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 Members. 
 10 
 
 Per Quarter. 
 *. d. 
 2 6 
 
 Members. 
 40 
 
 PerQ 
 
 *. 
 4 
 
 uarter. 
 d. 
 6 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 3 2 
 
 50 
 
 ;> 
 
 30 . 
 
 3 10 
 
 
 
 And so on to 300, 1 1*. \Qd. per quarter, or 4 7*. 4rf. per year. 
 
 Branch treasurers shall be paid \d. per quarter for every insured 
 member. 
 
 2. Each branch shall elect five trustees on the first summoned 
 meeting night in December (Australasia, Canada, America, and 
 South Africa in September), the duties of whom are laid down 
 in Rule 32.
 
 RULES OP A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1435 
 
 RULE 12. VACANT BOOKS. 
 
 1 . Each branch shall be provided with a vacant book, which How kept, 
 shall be kept as the branch may direct, and in which there shall 
 
 be kept a list of shops, and the address of the registrar. A list 
 of shops and meal hours shall also be kept by the secretary of 
 each branch, except in towns where more than one branch exists, 
 in which case it shall be left to the discretion of the District 
 Committee how, and in what place, such list shall be kept. 
 
 2. Every member out of employment who is in receipt of dona- When signed, 
 tion, and residing within two miles from the clubhouse or vacant- 
 book office, must each day (Sundays and usual district holidays 
 excepted) sign his name and place the number of his contribu- 
 tion card in the vacant book, in ink, or answer to the vacant-book 
 
 keeper where the vacant book is so kept; but should any member 
 reside more than two miles from any clubhouse or vacant-book 
 office, he shall sign every alternate day (Sundays and the usual 
 holidays of the district excepted), at such hours as each District 
 Committee may appoint, but not later than five o'clock in the 
 evening or twelve o'clock on Saturday, but in the event of the Exemptions, 
 members in any specific section of the district residing outside the 
 two-mile limit, it shall be at the discretion of the District Com- 
 mittee to arrange for a special book or books more convenient to 
 those members. If the member reside five miles, but less than 
 ten, from the clubhouse or vacant-book office, the regulation of 
 his case shall be left to the discretion of the branch; but in no 
 case shall any such member sign less than once a week. In the 
 case of members distant ten miles and upwards, the branch may 
 use its discretion, but in every such case the member must send in 
 a certificate weekly, signed by two members or two respectable 
 householders, testifying that he is unemployed. In countries 
 outside the United Kingdom, District Committees shall have 
 power to regulate the time of attendance and distance to travel 
 to sign the vacant book. In the event of a member having con- 
 tagious or infectious sickness in his family he shall be exempt 
 from signing for the time being, on the production of satis.- 
 factory evidence to the secretary. Any strange member wishing Strange 
 to use the vacant book shall produce a travelling card or a cer- 
 tificate of membership before being allowed to do so. No secre- 
 tary shall be allowed to grant leave to any member to omit to 
 B. voi-. n, 37
 
 1436 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Penalties 
 for non - 
 observance. 
 
 Reading of 
 book at 
 branch 
 meetings. 
 
 Notification 
 of vacancy or 
 of starting 
 work. 
 
 Central book 
 offices. 
 
 Duties of 
 central book- 
 keeper. 
 
 Re accounts. 
 Re reports. 
 
 Payment of 
 book-keeper. 
 
 sign the vacant book, except in the case of such as may bo 
 going a distance in search of employment. Any member neglect- 
 ing to sign as specified shall for each neglect lose his day's 
 allowance. 
 
 3. The vacant book shall be brought up each branch mooting 
 night, and the names of the members signing the same read over 
 at the meeting, and all members signing must attend the branch 
 meeting at least once each month, or be fined Is. Whenever a 
 member knows of a vacancy, or leaves one situation to go to 
 another, or if he gives or receives notice to leave his employment , 
 he shall give information in writing to the secretary of the branch 
 to which he belongs, and to the nearest branch secretary or vacant- 
 hook keeper, within twenty-four hours, or be fined 2s. Qd. for 
 each neglect, unless a satisfactory excuse be given to the branch. 
 Any member commencing work must inform his branch secretary, 
 also the nearest branch secretary where he is at work, in writing, 
 within forty-eight hours, and also give his rate of pay within 
 three days after receiving the same, or be fined Is. The last 
 sentence relating to members notifying secretaries shall be printed 
 on pence cards. 
 
 4. There shall be central vacant-book offices in Glasgow, Leeds, 
 Liverpool, Manchester, and Bolton. There may be also central 
 vacant-book offices established in Newcastle-on-Tyne, Belfast, 
 Cardiff, Birmingham, Oldham, Melbourne, and Sydney, or at 
 any of those places, provided that a majority of the members 
 in any of them vote in favour thereof at any time. In each 
 case the duties of the vacant-book keeper shall be to forward to 
 each branch secretary in his district a statement of th attend- 
 ance at vacant book of their respective members once each week; 
 he shall also post in the vacant-book office a record of the members 
 sent to situations, and the branch to which they belong. He 
 shall keep a correct account of all income and expenditure of his 
 office, and his report shall be audited at the end of each quarter 
 by auditors appointed alternately by each branch in the district, 
 who shall examine all vouchers and receipts and report to their 
 next branch meeting, such auditors to be paid for their services 
 the same as District Committeemen. The accounts so audited 
 shall be forwarded to the General Office in time for the quarterly 
 and yearly reports. The vacant-book keepers (except those of 
 Glasgow, Melbourne, and Sydney) shall be paid quarterly, on
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1437 
 
 a graduated scale as follows, viz., 30 per annum for the first 
 eleven branches or part thereof using the vacant-book, and 5 
 for each succeeding seven branches, with house rent, coal, and 
 gas free. Such salary shall include all reasonable expenses in 
 connection with the office, the rooms of which shall be kept clean 
 and in order for branch and other meetings for which they may 
 be required. They shall be elected every three years, in Decem- Election, 
 her, and shall be under the control of the District Committee. 
 Candidates for this office shall be nominated by the various 
 branches at least six weeks before election, and shall have a mem- 
 bership of at least four years' standing. The names shall then be 
 printed and submitted to the various branches at least four weeks 
 before election, which shall take place at meetings of the branches 
 in each district summoned for that purpose. 
 
 The vacant-book keepers at Melbourne and Sydney, in the 
 event of offices being set up at those places, shall be paid not 
 less than 50s. per week. The amounts so allowed shall cover the 
 whole cost of maintenance of the offices in question. 
 
 5. Where practicable all branches within two miles of vacant- Branches 
 book office, shall hold their meeting therein, in preference to any ^dnt^book 
 other premises. Vacant-book offices shall be connected with the ffies. 
 central telephone office of their district. 
 
 6. In any town where there are three or more branches, but no Register of 
 vacant-book office, a register shall be kept, which shall contain the u ^P 10 ? 6 ^ 
 names of members out of employment, their addresses and the 
 
 branch to which they belong, as well as the class of work to which 
 they are accustomed, the same to be under the control of the 
 District Committee, who shall appoint an officer to attend the 
 same, and whose name, address, and place where register is kept 
 shall be placed in list of corresponding officers. His duties shall 
 be to answer any application for men that may be. wanted. 
 
 Districts in towns of large area (where no vacant-book office 
 exists) shall have power to appoint more than one central register 
 if requisite. The member or members appointed thereto shall Payment 
 be paid the sum of 2s. 6d. for each branch per quarter comprising 
 such central register, the appointment and payment to be made 
 by the District Committee. 
 
 The register shall be kept in such manner and place as the Control. 
 District Committee may annually determine, and as, in the 
 
 37 (2)
 
 1438 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 opinion of the committee, will beet serve the objects intended by 
 this clause, namely, getting members speedily into situations. 
 
 Constitution 
 of committee. 
 
 Majority 
 to form 
 quorum. 
 
 Provisional 
 committee- 
 men. 
 
 Powers re 
 vacant -book 
 offices, &c. 
 
 Approval 
 of E. C. 
 
 Re penalties. 
 
 RULE 13. DISTRICT COMMITTEE. 
 
 1. In districts having more than one and up to seven branches, 
 seven members shall form a District Committee, each branch 
 to be represented as nearly as practicable according to their num- 
 bers. In districts of more than seven and up to eleven branches 
 there shall be one District Committeeman for each branch; in 
 districts of a number of branches from eleven up to twenty-two 
 the number shall be eleven, and the branches shall be grouped by 
 the District Committee for the purposes of election; and in dis- 
 tricts where there are more than twenty-two branches there shall 
 be one District Committeeman for each two branches. Single 
 branches in closely adjoining towns shall be grouped with existing 
 District Committees, or new districts shall be formed by the 
 Executive Council. All branches within a radius of ten miles 
 shall constitute a district. A majority of the members of any 
 District Committee shall form a quorum, but when unable to 
 form a quorum the members present shall be paid as if a meeting 
 had taken place. 
 
 A branch or branches may elect a Provisional District Com- 
 mitteeman, who will attend District Committee meetings when 
 the acting District Committeeman cannot attend, and he must 
 inform the Provisional District Committeeman. 
 
 2. District Committees shall have full control of vacant-book 
 offices, district registrars, and vacant-book keepers in their dis- 
 tricts, but no member of a District Committee shall act as a 
 vacant-book office auditor. 
 
 They may pass resolutions on all matters here following, which 
 on approval by the Executive Council, but only with such 
 approval, shall be binding upon all members working within the 
 respective districts, and shall be enforceable by fine not exceeding 
 3, by suspension from benefits, or by expulsion from the society. 
 They shall also allocate the holidays in their respective districts, 
 as laid down in Rule 25, clause 5. 
 
 District Committees shall have no jurisdiction in matters of 
 branch business (except in conjunction with branches in connec- 
 tion with local levies), but shall have power (subject to the
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1439 
 
 approval of the Executive Council) to deal with and regulate 
 the rates of wages, hours of labour, terms of overtime, piecework, fa wages, 
 and general conditions affecting the interests of the trade in their conditions, 
 respective districts. In respect to resolutions which are dis- 
 approved by the Executive Council, the Council shall give a detailed 
 statement of the reasons for such disapproval to the District Com- 
 mittee or Committees concerned. They may enter into negotiations R C negotia- 
 with employers in their respective districts, with a view to having tlons - 
 shops worked exclusively by our members. [In seaport towns they 
 shall have control over and fix the rate of wages for seagoing 
 engineers.] Systematic overtime shall not be allowed in any Re overtime, 
 district, and District Committees should see that this is strictly 
 
 enforced, and also minimise overtime as far as possible 
 
 Systematic overtime shall be defined by District Committees in 
 each district. District Committees shall define all cases claimed 
 as emergency, and members must not under this plea work more 
 than the stipulated amount of overtime without the consent of 
 the District Committee. Committees shall be allowed to appoint Re sub- 
 sub-committees from their own body, and to send deputations 
 chosen either apart or from their own body to employers in their tions. 
 districts on questions likely to cause disputes, with a view to an 
 amicable settlement of the same; and in cases of emergency they 
 shall have power to appoint deputations to interview employers 
 or their officials, prior to the sanction of the Executive Council 
 being obtained. Such deputations, unless by sanction of the 
 Executive Council, shall not consist of more than three members, 
 and, together with sub-committees, they shall be paid the same 
 as District Committeemen. 
 
 3. The president and secretary of each District Committee shall Election 
 be elected by ballot every twelve months by the majority of 
 members in the district. Nominations shall take place six weeks 
 prior to the annual election of officers, so that the second ballot 
 where necessary shall be completed by December 31st. The 
 officers shall retain office till their successors are appointed. The Powers of 
 president and secretary, or a majority of the committee, shall officers - 
 have the power to summon the committee whenever they deem 
 it necessary. Members neglecting to attend shall be fined Is. 
 unless a satisfactory reason for absence be given. The president 
 or secretary shall not be entitled to vote except in the event of 
 the votes being equal, when the president shall give a casting vote.
 
 1440 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Power of 4. In the case of shop disputes, the District Committee shall 
 
 committees re , , . . , T , ^ i N ^ j. i 
 
 levies. have power (with consent of Executive Council) to take a vote 
 
 of the members of the district upon the advisability of assisting 
 the strike committee in the district by a local levy; such levy not 
 to exceed 6d. weekly during the dispute, except in America and 
 the Colonies, where the maximum shall be 2s. 6d. They shall also 
 have power to appeal to other districts not immediately con- 
 cerned in any dispute to take a vote of their members to assist 
 the district appealing. The committees shall also have power to 
 direct branches in their districts to summon meetings to take 
 votes for or against striking a levy for the support of members 
 of the Society upon local governing bodies, the amount of such 
 levy to be stated by the committee when the levy is asked for, 
 but not to exceed 6d. per member per annum, and not to be in 
 force for more than three years without a second vote being taken. 
 
 Powers of 5. Committees may also appoint shop stewards in workshops 
 
 committees re . . , . . , 
 
 shop stewards or departments thereof in their respective districts, such stewards 
 to be under the direction and control of the committee, by whom 
 their duties shall be defined. The stewards shall report at least 
 once each quarter on all matters affecting the trade, and keep 
 the committee posted with all events occurring in the various 
 shops, and they shall be paid 3s. for each quarterly report; 
 namely, 2s. for duty performed, and Is. for attendance and report 
 to committee, these to be payable by the District Committee, and 
 should a shop steward be discharged through executing his 
 duties he shall be entitled to full wage benefit. If it is necessary 
 for stewards to attend other meetings of the committee they 
 shall be remunerated at the same rate as witnesses attending, 
 committee meetings. 
 
 6. District Committees shall also have power to call aggregate 
 meetings or shop meetings upon trade questions, and should any 
 such committee be authorised by the members at an aggregate 
 meeting to endeavour to improve the conditions of labour in the 
 district, they shall make inquiries as to the distance to which 
 such action would affect our members, and should they find that 
 there are members of the Society outside the district working 
 under conditions which would tend to prevent an improvement 
 of the conditions of those members inside, they shall report to 
 the Executive Council, who shall consider the propriety of allow- 
 
 Powers of 
 committees re 
 aggregate 
 meetings.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S' UNION. 1441 
 
 ing the formation of a temporary joint committee, formed of 
 representatives from the two or more committees. 
 
 7. In the case of a shop dispute the members shall not leave Powers of 
 their employment without the approval of the District Com- ^n g es 
 mittee. In such disputes where any sections of the amalgamation members, 
 can with advantage be exempt from being drawn out, their special and veto' 
 
 cases shall be investigated with a view to the best interest of the f candida tes 
 
 for admission. 
 
 bociety being conserved. A District Committee shall also have 
 power to fix special rates for young members working in shops 
 where they have served their apprenticeship for two years there- 
 after, and shall also have power to veto the admission, subject to 
 the sanction of Council, of any candidate who has been 
 excluded fro,m a branch in the district for acting contrary to the 
 Society's interests. No general strike shall be entered upon in Voting 
 
 anv district affecting the whole of the members unless carried by on general 
 
 " . . / district 
 
 a majority of three votes to two of the members voting of the said disputes. 
 
 district, and no settlement shall be decided upon unless accepted 
 by a majority of at least three votes to two. The vote must be 
 taken by ballot. The Executive Council, having given the Dis- 
 trict Committee permission to take such a vote, shall have no 
 power to interfere with its operation. 
 
 8. Members of the District Committee shall have been three Qualification 
 
 vears in the Society previous to election. No member shall be ofcommi tte- 
 ... . . . men. 
 
 eligible who is not working at the trade, under the conditions 
 
 laid down by the District Committee (members on benefit 
 excepted). They shall be elected half -yearly, on the nights when Election, 
 the branch officers are appointed, the majority and minority retir- 
 ing on alternate quarterly nights, subject to re-election. Each 
 District Committeeman shall give a detailed report of the com- 
 mittee's proceedings (except such as are not at the time to be 
 reported) to his branch or the branches he represents at the branch 
 meeting next following that on which the committee meeting 
 was held; failing to> do so he shall be fined Is., unless a satis- Penalties, 
 factory excuse be given. For divulging the business of the com- 
 mittee previous to reporting to the branch or branches he 
 represents he shall be fined 5s. When more than one branch is 
 
 represented, the District Committee shall decide how the reports 
 are to be given. The members of the committee shall be allowed Payment, 
 the sum of Is. for each meeting, and, in the event of the place 
 of meeting being two miles or upwards from their residence,
 
 1442 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Payment 
 and penalties 
 of witnesses. 
 
 Fewer of 
 branch. 
 
 Secretary's 
 duties. 
 
 Penalties. 
 Payment. 
 
 Single 1 ranch 
 committees. 
 
 Permanent 
 secretaries. 
 
 they shall receive third-class return railway, omnibus, or ferry 
 fares (except in America and the Colonies, where the fares shall 
 be as provided for in Rule 7), and witnesses summoned shall, at 
 the discretion of the committee, receive similar payment. 
 Witnesses failing to attend, after being duly summoned, may 
 be fined in such sum as the committee may determine, such tine 
 not to exceed 5s. Branches shall have control over their own 
 District Committee members, and may remove them it' dissatis- 
 fied with their conduct. 
 
 9. The secretary of each District Committee shall send in a 
 report to every branch in his district on or before the night of 
 the election of officers, stating the number of meetings, if any, 
 held during the quarter, and how often each representative has 
 attended. He shall submit his accounts for audit to the branch, 
 giving expenses; and shall notify to the branches which ha vie 
 to elect new members the night upon which their election shall 
 take place, and state the department of trade followed by mem- 
 bers of the committee who are not retiring. He shall also inform 
 each branch in the district within three days, of the approval 
 of the Executive Council of any resolution of the committee 
 affecting any shop or shops in the district, and shall report to 
 the Council from time to time as may be found necessary; for 
 neglect of any of these duties he shall be fined Is. In districts 
 where there are four branches or less, the secretary shall be paid 
 the sum of Is. Qd.; exceeding four and up to eight branches, 2s.; 
 exceeding eight and up to twelve, 2s. 6d.; and exceeding twelve 
 branches, 3s. for each meeting he attends. He shall also receive 
 in addition 2s. per quarter per branch in the district. If he is 
 required to attend on the appointment of his successor, he shall 
 receive Is. In districts where there are more than two branches, 
 no branch secretary shall be District Secretary. 
 
 10. If in any locality there is only one branch, the braaich 
 committee shall act as, and shall be, the District Committee, and 
 be paid the same as other District Committees for all meetings 
 reported to the Executive Council. The branch secretary shall, 
 in such case, receive the sum of Is. 6d. for his attendance. 
 
 In London, Manchester, Newcastle, and Glasgow there shall 
 be District Secretaries, who shall devote the whole of their time 
 to the duties of their office and assist the Organising District 
 Delegate in their respective districts. They shall be elected for
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1443 
 
 throe years, and be eligible for re-election. They shall be paid Wages. 
 2 15s. per week, with travelling expenses in addition, and shall 
 bo allowed six days' holiday in each year and sick pay as per 
 Rule 14, clause 2, but they shall not be paid any moneys as pro- 
 vided in Rule 13, clause 9, and they shall act as registrars with- Duties, 
 out payment when in the opinion of the District Committee and 
 Executive Council it is practicable for them to do so, but for 
 Glasgow the District Secretary shall also act without any further 
 salary as the vacant-book office keeper. They shall be nominated Nomination 
 by and from the branches in their respective districts, and shall ai 
 have worked and resided in their respective districts for twelve 
 months immediately preceding such nomination. Candidates Qualifica- 
 shall have been for seven years members of the Society, and shall t! 
 not be 10s. in arrears. They shall be nominated not less than 
 twelve weeks, and elected not less than four weeks, before taking 
 office. In the event of a death, resignation, or removal from 
 office, another election shall take place, the appointment then 
 made to be for the unexpired term. They shall be under the 
 control of the Executive Council. 
 
 11. Each District Committee shall appoint annually a referee Referee, 
 apart from its own body, to whom references can be made in 
 
 any case of neglect. He shall be remunerated for any meetings 
 he may be called upon to attend at the same rate as a District 
 Committeeman. The names of such referees shall be printed 
 with the list of corresponding officers. 
 
 12. If a member is charged with any offence, and investigation Committee 
 is made by the District Committee, he shall have the right to lnvestl S a lon - 
 summon witnesses for his defence. If he is fined or otherwise 
 penalised, his branch secretary shall be informed by the District 
 Secretar\" within fourteen days of approval of Executive Council, 
 
 and such secretary shall in turn inform the secretary of com- 
 mittee within four weeks, in writing, that such fine or other 
 penalty has been imposed. 
 
 RULE 14. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. 
 
 1. There shall be an Executive Council, which shall sit in Location and 
 
 London at -, which shall consist of seven members and an n 
 
 independent chairman. The Executive Council shall be nomi- 
 nated by and from the seven divisions as set out at the end of
 
 1444 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Constitution. 
 
 Salaries. 
 
 Nomination 
 of chairman. 
 
 Duties of 
 chairman . 
 
 Vote 
 
 of chairman. 
 
 Council's 
 hours. 
 
 Removal 
 expenses. 
 
 this rule. Each shall be nominated from the district in which 
 he has worked and resided for the twelve months immediately 
 preceding such nomination, and each shall be elected by the vote 
 of the divisions. They shall be elected for periods of three years, 
 and shall be eligible for re-election, the minority and majority 
 being re-elected at intervals of eighteen months, but in the first 
 election under these rules all shall be elected for the full three 
 years, and in the second election the three Executive Councilmen 
 who obtain proportionately the lowest number of votes shall retire 
 in eighteen months. Each Executive Councilman shall be paid 
 a weekly salary of 2 15,s., and shall be allowed one week's holiday 
 per year. 
 
 The chairman shall be nominated by and from the branches 
 of the Society, and shall be elected for three years by the vote 
 of the whole Society, and sihall receive a salary of 180 per 
 annum, and shall be eligible for re-election. The chairman shall 
 preside over all Council meetings, read all letters which require 
 to be submitted to the Council, see that the business is properly 
 conducted according to rule, sign the minutes of each meeting, 
 and all bills sanctioned by the Council, and, in conjunction with 
 the General Secretary, see to the carrying out of the provisions 
 of the rule for the discharge of Executive Councilman's and 
 officials' duties and attendances, and the imposing of fines and 
 penalties for non-fulfilment. He shall also attend all conferences 
 with the employers, and shall prepare and present the case for the 
 Society at such conferences. He shall conduct the correspondence 
 in connection with the business which is dealt with by Executive 
 Council. He shall prepare, and cause to be issued to each branch 
 secretary once a month, a report of the Council's proceedings. 
 
 The Chairman snail only have one vote, and that a casting 
 vote, when the votes are equal. 
 
 2. The Council's hours of business shall be from 9 a.m. till 
 5 p.m., with one hour allowed for dinner, with the exception of 
 Saturday, when the hours shall be from 9 a.m. till 12 o'clock. 
 But in cases of emergency they may be called upon to finish the 
 business in hand. Each member of the Council shall devote the 
 whole of his time to the duties of his office, except where the 
 consent of the Council as a whole, as provided for in this rule, 
 is given to the contrary. The necessary cost of his removal, when 
 elected, shall be borne by the Society, on the production of rail-
 
 RULES OK A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1445 
 
 way and other receipts, such cost to cover travelling and transport 
 expenses only. Should a Councilman be sick, he shall receive Sick 
 during- such sickness half -pay for three months, should it con- allowanc - 
 tinue so long, and at the expiry of three months, should he 
 continue ill, shall receive only the ordinary sick pay of the 
 Society. 
 
 3. Candidates for the Executive Council must have been mem- Qualification 
 hers for seven years, and must not be 10s. in arrears. They shall men U 
 
 be nominated for not less than twelve weeks, and shall take office 
 
 four weeks after being elected. Nomination and election shall Nomination 
 
 take place on general meeting nights summoned for the purpose. andelectlon - 
 
 The schedules, and any testimonials which the candidates may 
 
 desire to submit to the members, shall be issued from the General 
 
 Office in time to allow an interval of at least five weeks between 
 
 the date of receipt by secretaries and the date fixed for the 
 
 return of votes. 
 
 The elections of Executive Councilmen shall be conducted by Elections, 
 the General Secretary and one assistant appointed by him. All 
 candidates' election addresses shall be received by the said officials, 
 including those of retiring Councilmen seeking re-election, who 
 shall not be distinguished from other candidates in the election 
 addresses by stars, or the words " present holder," or any other 
 appellation. The secretaries shall in no case place advance copies 
 in the hands of any member or members of the Executive Council. 
 Nor shall they, under penalty of expulsion from office, inform 
 any Councilman of the details of branch voting during any- 
 contest . 
 
 For the purposes of these rules the elections of Chairman and 
 Executive Council shall take place in order that they may take 
 up their duties by the 1st of January, 19 . 
 
 4. Any Councilman failing to attend the meetings or neglect- Penalties for 
 ing his duties, without giving a satisfactory excuse, shall be fined negec 
 
 6s. for the first offence, 10s. for the second, and for the third he 
 shall be reported to the Society, at the same time being given 
 an opportunity to defend himself, and if deposed, the General 
 Secretary shall instruct the division he represents to nominate 
 another in his place. In any case the particulars of such neglect 
 shall be published in the following monthly report. Should Council's 
 a District Committee or Colonial Council make a request for votin - 
 particulars of the Council's voting on any subject, the votes
 
 1446 
 
 TRADE I UNIONS. 
 
 Council's 
 powers re 
 printing. 
 
 Re acquiring 
 property and 
 building. 
 
 Re co- 
 operative 
 undertakings. 
 
 Referee to 
 general office : 
 election, 
 duties, and 
 payment. 
 
 for and against, and by whom recorded, shall be furnished to 
 the said committee. 
 
 5. The Executive Council shall, subject to the rights reserved 
 to the American, Canadian, Australasian, and South African 
 Councils, have powers as follows: They shall superintend all the 
 printing and stationery, which shall be of British manufacture, 
 and purchased from Trade Union or co-operative firms paying 
 the standard time rate of wages in all their branches, and also 
 in the sub-letting of the same. They shall also see that all 
 buildings of or repairs to any of the Society's property are done 
 by those firms only who pay the Union rates of wages, and pre- 
 ference shall be given to those firms who employ Trade Union 
 labour only. They may, if desired by the District Committee in 
 districts where vacant-book offices exist, acquire possession of the 
 property in which such offices are situated. They shall also have 
 power to erect dwelling-houses on any land which may at any 
 time be in the possession of the Society. These houses shall be 
 let at reasonable rents, and preference shall be given to officials of 
 the Society, but none of them shall be let to return less than 
 5 per cent, interest on the investment. The money required 
 for this purpose shall be taken from the Superannuation Fund, 
 and profits, if any, accruing shall be returned to the same. They 
 may take the votes of the members at any time on the propriety 
 of devoting part of the Society's moneys to co-operative under- 
 takings, if, on their own initiative or on the proposal of any 
 members, they may have a scheme to submit which may seem 
 to contain the elements of success. They may send one or two 
 representatives to annual or other meetings, as mentioned in 
 clause 5 of Rule 2. 
 
 6. A member of one of the London branches shall be appointed 
 triennially in the December quarter as referee to the Executive 
 Council. He shall be nominated and elected by the whole of the 
 branches comprising the London district, and reference may be 
 made to him as regards any apparent neglect by the General Office 
 officials, and he shall lay such complaints as may arise personally 
 before the Executive Council, and demand any necessary explana- 
 tion. He shall be paid Is. 6d. for attendance at the General 
 Office, in addition to compensation for loss of time, if any, with 
 tram, ferry, or third-class return railway fare. Branch secre- 
 taries shall refer to him when the neglect of the General Secre-
 
 RULES OF A WORKMKN'S UNION. 1447 
 
 tary renders it necessary; he shall enter in a book an account of 
 all business he transacts, and at the end of each quarter lay 
 before the Council a full report from the same; the book shall 
 also be laid before each representative meeting. 
 
 7. The Council shall decide in cases of appeal, and such deci- Council's 
 sions shall be final, unless tho branch or member is dissatisfied, Appeals' # 
 when such branch or member may appeal to the Final Appeal 
 Court, but appellants must first comply with the decision of the 
 Council. In any case, however, where a branch appeals to 'the 
 
 Final Appeal Court against an order for the suspension by the 
 Executive Council of the said branch, such suspension shall not 
 take effect previous to the appeal being heard, unless the branch 
 has refused to remit equalisation or other moneys ordered by the 
 Council in accordance with rule (the Council in no case to reduce 
 the assets of the branch below the amount required to meet 
 current branch expenditure), in which case the suspension will 
 immediately take effect, notAvithstanding the appeal; but in all 
 cases the reasons for arriving at such decisions shall be clearly 
 stated. Members only who vote in the majority against the order 
 of the Council shall be suspended. 
 
 The Council shall divide the Society into electoral divisions .Re delegate 
 for the purpose of setting up of delegate meetings. 
 
 8. In the event of any question arising on which the rules Winter- 
 are silent, the Executive Council shall give a decision, and in ^ tlono 
 the monthly report following, corresponding list, and sugges- 
 tion book in connection with the alteration of rules, shall state 
 particulars of the question and the decision thereon, with reasons; 
 
 but in no case shall they alter the established rules of the Society. 
 They shall consult the members whenever they deem it necessary 
 on the propriety of raising or replenishing a contingent fund, 
 a benevolent fund, legal assistance fund, parliamentary fund, 
 or a fund for granting assistance to our own trade or to other 
 trade societies, and shall notify the branches when levies for & levies, 
 accident rule payments must be charged, as well as make grants 
 from such funds from time to time, according to their discretion, 
 but the reasons for arriving at decisions shall be clearly stated 
 to members or branches claiming. The votes shall be taken at 
 branch meetings specially summoned for that purpose, and the 
 majority of votes shall in all cases be decisive, members being 
 exempt from payment in proportion to the number of weeks they
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Re dispute 
 levies. 
 
 Apportion- 
 ment of 
 levies. 
 
 Duration 
 of levies. 
 
 Grants to 
 other trades. 
 
 Benevolent 
 grants. 
 
 Record 
 
 of benevolent 
 
 grants. 
 
 Powers re 
 new branch. 
 
 Opening 
 same. 
 
 are in receipt of benefit, also those earning wages for half the 
 weekly hours of the district or less per week. The Council shall 
 levy on the members in the event of any strike in the [engineer- 
 ing] trades, so as to do away with extraneous collections. Such 
 levy shall not exceed Qd. per member per week (in the Colonies 
 and America, 2s. 6d. per week), and shall not be retrospective, 
 and shall not be in foroe for more than one month without a vote 
 being taken as to the continuation of the same. On the appli- 
 cation of any District Committee, where a dispute is existing, 
 the Council shall apportion a sum from the above fund which, in 
 their judgment, will meet the circumstances of the case, and the 
 sum so apportioned shall be handed to the recognised strike com- 
 mittee for distribution. No levies shall be enforced unless by 
 consent of the majority of the members voting, nor shall any levy 
 continue in force longer than three months without a second vote 
 of the members being taken, and no such moneys shall be applied 
 to the relief of non-society men. No grant exceeding 20 shall 
 be made to any other society without a vote being first taken 
 of the whole of the members. In dispensing the Benevolent. 
 Fund, the Council must take into consideration all cases of dis- 
 tress, whether members on whose behalf the appeals are made arc 
 working or not, and no inquiry shall be made through the printed 
 matter as to whether or not the applicant has received relief from 
 relatives or friends. 
 
 They shall, however, also keep a record of all benevolent fund 
 grants; and all previous grants from the fund shall be considered 
 when application is made to them on behalf of a member. The}' 
 shall also issue a benevolent grant book to each branch, so that 
 the names of members receiving grants may be entered in the 
 same, and also entered in the clearance form of members on the 
 latter being transferred from one branch to another. 
 
 9. The Council, upon receiving an application from any branch 
 or branches for the opening of a new branch or branches in any 
 particular district, shall refer the same to the District Committee 
 of the district from which the application was received for their 
 consideration, and if, after receiving a satisfactory reply from 
 such committee, the Executive Council consider the same is neces- 
 sary, shall instruct the chairman and secretary of the committee 
 to attend to the opening of such branch or branches. But in any 
 district or country where no branch exists, the Executive Council
 
 RULES or A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1449 
 
 * 
 
 shall have power to authorise the opening of such; and they may 
 
 also, on the application of any branch or District Committee, 
 
 appoint a deputation to visit any locality for the purpose of taking 
 
 part in propagandist work in those districts where it may bo Propagandist 
 
 considered beneficial. They shall also have power to admit mem- * 
 
 i i T i i -j? i Admission ot 
 
 bers 01 sectional societies of trades mentioned in .Rule 1, it such groups of 
 members apply in numbers of not less than five, provided that the membere - 
 age of such applicants is not more than thirty-five years, and 
 that they each pay the worth of the Society per head at time 
 of admission. The terms of admission shall be regulated accord- 
 ing to the worth of the Society per member, including the value 
 of all its property. In case, however, of any of these members 
 of sectional societies having been excluded from this society for 
 acting contrary to its interests, their case shall be specially con- 
 sidered before they are again admitted. 
 
 For the purpose of giving our members the opportunity to 
 vote for any society to amalgamate with our Society, the voting 
 may take place at more than one summoned meeting. Aljso 
 members can vote by post. 
 
 10. The Council shall have power, on report of the General Powers: 
 Secretary, to direct that special audits or examination of branch 8pec 
 books be made when deemed necessary, such audits to be made by 
 the general secretarial staff, either locally or otherwise, as may be 
 found most convenient. The Council may institute legal pro- Legal 
 ceedings against all officers or members who have in any way P roceedm & 8 - 
 defrauded the Society, and against all trustees who may refuse to 
 sign or deliver up to any person appointed by the branch or the 
 Executive Council to receive the same, all bonds, cheques, or 
 other documents which may have been entrusted to their care, 
 or which require their signature, and they shall also have power 
 to make an order upon any branch for money to discharge any 
 bill or debt contracted by them on account of the Society. 
 
 There shall be five General Trustees, who shall be members of Election 
 
 the London branches, and who shall be nominated and elected f general 
 
 trustees, 
 by the London members. 
 
 The}' shall hold office during the pleasure of the members, 
 and vacancies occurring through death, resignation, or miscon- 
 duct shall be filled in a similar manner to the first appointment. 
 No general officer shall be eligible for General Trustee. The Trustees and 
 elections shall be conducted by the Executive Council, which i
 
 1450 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Duties re 
 
 municipal 
 
 contracts. 
 
 Duties re 
 correspon- 
 dence and 
 reports. 
 
 Duties re 
 federation. 
 
 Se 
 
 conferences 
 
 body shall, together with such trustees, invest the moneys of the 
 Society as hereafter directed in Rules 30 and 32; and may also 
 equalise the same as laid down in Rule 33. 
 
 11. The Council shall organise a department to be called the 
 "Public Tenders Department," the duties of which shall bo, in 
 conjunction with the branch committees formed for the same 
 purpose, to watch over the interests of the trade in the placing 1 
 of contracts by municipal bodies. It shall be the duty of suoh 
 department to initiate such measures as may be found necessary 
 in order to let public bodies know the conditions of employment 
 observed by the respective firms tendering, and to collate all 
 information collected by the special branch committees bearing 
 upon this business. 
 
 12. Councilmen shall render assistance in conducting the cor- 
 respondence in connection with the business submitted to the 
 Council, and in its proper arrangement and custody, but shall 
 not be required to do any other clerical work whatever, all such 
 devolving upon the General Secretary. They shall not be per- 
 mitted to give in reports to any of the branches, but may take part 
 in discussions that may take place on the Council's proceedings, 
 and they shall be allowed to give a resume of the Council's pro- 
 ceedings when seeking re-election. Reports of all officers must 
 first receive the approval of Executive Council before being pub- 
 lished in the monthly, quarterly, or yearly printed matter. 
 
 13. [Duties re Parliamentary representation (6).] 
 
 14. If at any time it shall be considered necessary in the 
 general interests of the trade to join any federation or amalgama- 
 tion of kindred trades, the Council shall take a vote on 
 the question; but no such scheme shall involve the Society in 
 any pecuniary expense without a special vote of the members. 
 The Council shall, however, have power to become affiliated with 
 any association or kindred Trade Union in other countries which 
 has for its object the collecting and diffusing of information, or 
 the initiation of steps towards closer international union. Dele- 
 gates to annual meetings of Federations of Trades Unions shall 
 be nominated and elected by members in the United Kingdom. 
 
 The Council may enter into conference with the Employers' 
 Federation Executive with a view to an amicable settlement of 
 
 (6) See Trade Union Act, 1913.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1451 
 
 any dispute which may arise in any district of the Society. But 
 on no account shall they take any case from the district in which 
 the dispute occurred to the Central Conference, unless requested 
 to do so by the local District Committee, and then only after 
 all local efforts have failed. The Executive Council, or anyone 
 acting on their behalf, shall not be allowed to complete an agree- .fo- 
 ment with any employer or employers concerning wages, piece- 
 work prices, or system of working, unless the terms of agreement, 
 together with a copy of the transcript notes, are first submitted 
 to the district or districts affected. In all cases of disagreement 
 between the district or districts affected, and the Executive 
 Council, the whole case shall be submitted to, and decided by, 
 the vote of the whole Society, to which both sides of the ques- 
 tion may be put by the parties concerned. 
 
 15. The Council may sanction the sending of special delega- Special 
 tions from one district to another in cases of extreme emergency ; d 
 
 but no delegate shall be acknowledged in any locality unless he 
 produces a credential specifying the nature of his business. Any 
 general officer visiting any locality on Society business connected 
 with that locality, shall inform the District Secretary or branch 
 secretary of the business he is engaged upon. In all such cases 
 as affect the interests of the members or those of the trade 
 generally in which it may be considered necessary or beneficial 
 to appoint special delegates to meet any employer or employers, 
 or those acting on behalf of employers, for the purpose of dis- 
 cussing any question at issue, not less than two members shall 
 be so delegated. 
 
 16. The Executive Council shall furnish each branch with a Duties 
 book in which to record any suggestions and particulars of voting ^ * s 
 on alteration of rules. 
 
 The following shall constitute the districts referred to: 
 
 No. I Division. 
 
 No. 2 Division. 
 ***** 
 
 No. 3 Division, &c. 
 
 ***** 
 B. VOL. n. 38
 
 1452 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Election. 
 
 Qualifica- 
 tions. 
 
 May be 
 removed if 
 incompetent. 
 
 Control of 
 Council. 
 
 Control 
 of general 
 
 secretary. 
 
 Duties of 
 
 general 
 
 secretary. 
 
 RULE 15. GENERAL AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. 
 
 1 . There shall be a General Secretary and four Assistants, who 
 shall be elected by the members. These officers shall be elected 
 for three years, and shall be eligible for re-election provided 
 they have conformed to the rules of the Society. But in the 
 event of death, resignation, or removal from office during the 
 interim, an election shall take place, the appointment then made 
 to be for the unexpired term, but if the unexpired term is less 
 than twelve months the election shall be for the' unexpired term 
 and for the ensuing three years. 
 
 2. Any full member who has been in the Society for seven 
 years successively, whether working at the trade or not, shall 
 be eligible for nomination for the position of General Secretary 
 or Assistant, but must be less than 10s. in arrears at time of nomi- 
 tion. If any member appointed as General Secretary or 
 Assistant is proved (to the satisfaction of the Council) not to. 
 have had the necessary qualifications, or to have obtained his 
 appointment or election by a fraudulent proceeding, or not to 
 have a full knowledge of the Society and its intentions, or not 
 to be fully competent to correspond with the branches and give 
 instructions upon any particular subject which may be referred 
 to him, in any of such cases his election shall be void (the 
 particulars to be published in the following Monthly Report), 
 and the members shall elect a General Secretary or Assistant as 
 if no election had taken place. 
 
 3. The General Secretary and Assistants shall be, in all matters 
 not specifically mentioned in these rules as devolving upon the 
 former, under the control of the Council, which body shall in case 
 of death, removal, retirement, or violation of the rules and regu- 
 lations of the Society, appoint a member pro tempore, who shall 
 officiate until the members elect another. The Assistant Secre- 
 taries and clerks shall be entirely under the control of the General 
 Secretary. All office work shall be under his supervision and 
 control. A book shall be kept by the General Secretary at the 
 General Office, in which all the officials shall sign their names 
 each day they attend, and he shall publish such attendance in 
 each Monthly Report. Sick pay as per Rule 14, clause 2. 
 
 4. The General Secretary shall devote the whole of his time 
 (except by and witli the consent of the Council to the contrary) 
 to the business of the Society, and attend the meetings of the
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1453 
 
 Council. He shall, when required, read copies of answers sent 
 to the various branches, and transact such other business as may 
 be required. He shall also produce all books and papers belong- 
 ing to his office to the auditors appointed for that purpose every 
 six months. Should it be necessary for him to be absent from 1 
 the office, he shall make all arrangements for carrying on the 
 business during his absence. 
 
 5. The General Secretary shall issue a Monthly Report, stating .Re monthly 
 the condition of trade in each town, as received from the branch 
 secretaries; he shall, in conjunction with the Council, cause to 
 
 be printed with such report the decision of any branch upon, any 
 case wherein the Society's rules are silent, if such decision be 
 approved by the Council. Such report shall contain a report of 
 the proceedings of the Council as prepared by the chairman. It 
 shall also contain once a quarter the names of those excluded 
 during the previous three months, and three copies shall be sent 
 to each branch, one each for the branch president, secretary, and 
 referee. Two copies shall also be sent to each District Secre- 
 tary, vacant-office keeper, and registrar. The General Secretary 
 shall also issue a Journal, combined with the Monthly Report, 
 which may contain anything of interest to the members of the 
 Society, and the pages of which shall be open to receive suitable 
 contributions from members on matters appertaining to the wel- 
 fare of our trade and organisation. Such Journal and Monthly 
 Report combined shall be saleable to members only at Id. per 
 copy, and the General Secretary shall be held responsible for 
 the conduct of the same, and shall be free to insert advertise- 
 ments as a means of revenue. He shall keep a separate account 
 of all income and expenditure in, respect to the same, and publish 
 them in the Yearly Report. 
 
 6. The General Secretary shall compile Quarterly and Yearly .Be Quarterly 
 Reports from the returns received from the various branches, 
 
 as well as returns of the number of votes for and against, upon 
 any subject that the Council may call for from time to time 
 from the branches, and send a copy of the same to each biwi.cn 
 of the Society; also a detailed quarterly account of the expenses, 
 and in the Yearly Report an abstract of the proceedings of lie proceed- 
 the Council, and for every twelve months, as from the first meet- 
 ing in December to the last meeting in the following November, he 
 shall issue a full report of the income and expenditure of the 
 
 38 (2)
 
 1454 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Re number of 
 Yearly 
 Reports 
 issued. 
 
 Re returns of 
 
 working 
 
 conditions. 
 
 Re advance 
 copies of 
 reports. 
 
 Re penalties 
 for neglect. 
 
 Duties re 
 Registrar. 
 
 Re elections. 
 
 Re alteration 
 of rules. 
 
 whole Society for the year, a statement of members placed on 
 superannuation benefit, with a list of all the clubhouses and the 
 dates of meetings inserted therein. This Yearly Report shall be 
 issued in the proportion of one to every two members, and in so 
 far as it is distributed in the United States and Canada, shall 
 contain a report of the American branches in American currency 
 as well as in English, and it shall also contain, as separate items, 
 the cost of printing, postage, and stationery for the whole Society. 
 He shall also issue yearly, to all district secretaries throughout 
 the United Kingdom, a return showing the rates of wages, hours 
 worked, and general conditions obtaining in the various districts 
 of the Society, with any changes of conditions which may have 
 taken place during the year. Either of the reports may contain 
 advertisements of technical, educational, trade, or co-operative 
 subjects. 
 
 7. The General Secretary shall, by the eighth day of each 
 calendar month, send to the secretary of every branch three 
 advance copies of the Monthly Report, to the secretary of each 
 District Committee one, to each vacant-book keeper one, and each 
 registrar one, or be fined 10s.; he shall issue each of the four 
 Quarterly Reports within four weeks, or be fined 15s.; and the 
 Yearly Report within fourteen weeks, or be fined 1. A copy 
 of the Yearly Report shall be sent as early as possible to each of 
 the branches abroad by book post. He shall send the yearly 
 contribution cards of each branch at least four weeks previous to 
 the first meeting in each year, or be fined 1. The Monthly 
 Reports intended for those branches whose reports arrived at the 
 General Office after the second day of the month, he shall send 
 to the referees in order that the fine may be inflicted. He shall 
 also make out and forward from time to time to the Registrar 
 of Trade Unions all returns required by the Trade Union Acts, 
 or to bo required hereafter by any amendment of the same. 
 
 8. The General Secretary shall forward by post a schedule to 
 each branch on the occasion of asking for nominations and voting 
 in elections of members for the Executive Council or Final Appeal 
 Court, for the Delegate Meeting, or Federation Meetings; also 
 for the nomination and election of General or Assistant Secre- 
 taries, Organising Delegates, or any special conference or 
 congress, for which votes are to be asked for by the Executive 
 Council. He shall issue the rules as altered by Delegate Meeting..
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1455 
 
 and shall publish the names and addiresses of trustees, referees, 
 and secretaries in a list of corresponding officers, which shall 
 be issued. 
 
 The General Secretary shall also issue travelling cards for the use Re travelling 
 of the South African branches. He shall also transact such business C! 
 belonging to the district where the Council may be held as they 
 may deem necessary; he shall immediately answer all applications -Re applications 
 for men from branches; for neglecting to do so, he shall be 
 fined 5s.; and he shall authorise members who are on donation 
 to be removed from one district to another, where there is a 
 probability of employment. He shall issue to each branch a Re manual for 
 manual of instructions for the use of branch auditors, for guidance auditors. 
 in the discharge of the duties appertaining to the latter office. 
 
 9. The General Secretary's books, receipts, and other necessary Audit of 
 documents, shall be audited every half-year by a firm of chartered j^!^J. > 8 
 accountants, whose report shall be issued with the following accounts. 
 Monthly, Quarterly, and Yearly Reports. This to apply to 
 General Office accounts only. The accountants shall be appointed Auditors' 
 in the first instance by the general trustees, but subject to endorse- 
 ment afterwards by the Final Appeal Court. The books con- 
 cerning the Society as a whole shall be kept by the General 
 Secretary at the General Office, and there shall be a registration e 
 
 book kept, by the General Secretary, in which the name of each registration, 
 member of the Society shall be entered, stating when and where 
 admitted or re-admitted, age, trade, married or not, as the case 
 may be, and whether he has received any part of the funeral 
 money . 
 
 10. The General Secretory shall be paid a salary of 4 10s. per Salaries, 
 week, and shall reside on the premises of the General Office, 
 
 rent, coal, and gas free. Each of the four elected Assistants shall 
 be paid 2 15s. per week. Any member on being appointed 
 General Secretary or Assistant shall be paid the expenses attend- 
 ing the removal of himself and family from the place in which Removal 
 he resides to the place in which the General Office is situate g 8 * 
 on production of railway and other receipts, such cost to cover 
 travelling and transport expenses only; and, if resigning, shall, 
 if possible, give fourteen weeks' notice of such intention. The 
 General and four Assistant Secretaries shall be allowed fourteen Holidays, 
 days' holiday per year. Other office assistants as required by 
 the General Secretary shall be paid as agreed upon by the General
 
 145t> 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Office hours. 
 
 Location- 
 
 Nomination 
 and election. 
 
 Qualification. 
 
 Control 
 of Council. 
 
 Secretary and President, and all such appointments, present and 
 future, shall be notified in the Monthly Report, with reasons for 
 the appointment. 
 
 Any staff necessary to meet the requirements of the General 
 Office under the National Insurance Act shall be appointed by 
 the General Secretary. Remuneration for the same shall be 
 decided by the General Secretary and President. 
 
 11. The General Office shall be open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 
 (one hour out of this time for dinner), except on Saturdays, when 
 the hours shall be from 9 a.m. to 12 noon; the General Secretary 
 arranging so that either he or one of his assistants shall be present 
 during these hours. The books and names of the members of 
 the Society shall be open to the inspection of any member or 
 person having an interest in the funds of the Society during office 
 hours. 
 
 RULE 16. ORGANISING DISTRICT DELEGATES. 
 
 1. The United Kingdom shall be divided into twelve districts, 
 in each of which an Organising District Delegate shall be located 
 in such town as may be decided upon by the Executive Council. 
 Such delegates shall be elected for three years, and be eligible for 
 re-election. They shall be paid 2 15s. per week, with travelling 
 expenses in addition, shall be allowed six days' holiday in each 
 year, and sick pay as per Rule 14, clause 2. Each District Dele- 
 gate shall be nominated and elected from and by one of the twelve 
 districts in which he has worked and resided for the twelve months 
 immediately preceding such nomination. 
 
 For the purpose of these rules, the election of Organising Dis- 
 trict Delegates shall take place in order that they may take up 
 their duties by the 1st of January, 19 . 
 
 2. Candidates for the office of Organising District Delegate 
 must have been for seven years members of the Society, and shall 
 not be 10s. in arrears. They shall be nominated not less than 
 twelve weeks, and elected not less than four weeks, before taking 
 office. In the event of death, resignation, or removal from office, 
 another election shall take place, the appointment then made being 
 for the unexpired term, but if the unexpired term is less than 
 twelve months, the election shall be for the uuexpired term, and 
 for the ensuing three years. 
 
 3. The Organisers shall be under the direction of the Executive
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1457 
 
 Council, to which body they shall immediately, or as early as 
 possible, report all their transactions, and the Executive Council 
 shall forward a copy of such report when required by the District 
 Committee concerned. They may be sent to any district where, 
 in the opinion of the Council, their services are required, to hold 
 meetings for organising- purposes, or to interview employers when 
 a District Committee may deem it necessary and expedient. 
 Delegates shall, when requested by any District Committee in 
 their division, conduct negotiations with employers in the districts Duties re 
 in which they are located, and promote the organisation of the employers, 
 trade in those districts. They shall report themselves to the ^ reporting 
 secretary of the District Committee on leaving and arriving in ab8ence - 
 the town in which they are located. Wherever practicable, they 
 must act in conjunction with the secretary or other member 
 appointed by the respective committee they arc for the time being 
 connected with, and shall not, under any circumstances, conclude 
 on their own authority any arrangement which will alter or affect 
 any of the recognised conditions of the District Committee within 
 the area in which they may be acting. They may act at the ^attendance 
 request of any District Committee, or attend, without payment, meeting*, 
 any district meeting when deemed necessary, but under no cir- 
 cumstances shall they enter into any negotiations in any district 
 without the consent of the committee of such district. It shall 
 also be their duty generally to look after the interests of the trade 
 and the increase of the membership of the Society. 
 
 Organising District Delegates shall attend all conferences in 
 a representative capacity as well as for consultative purposes. 
 
 4. Organising Delegates shall also supply to the General Office, Reports, 
 monthly, a return for insertion in the Monthly Report, showing 
 
 the state of trade, rates of wages, &c., with general information 
 relative to the district under their control. In the event of a 
 general movement, they shall be entitled to attend the meetings 
 of temporary committees which may be formed. They shall 
 devote the whole of their time to the duties of this office only, 
 excepting 1 as provided for in Rule 14, and must under no circum- 
 stances undertake any other duties. They shall initiate propa- Propagandist 
 gandist work in those districts which are under their jurisdiction, work- 
 and shall report all irregularities which may come under their 
 notice to the Executive Committee. 
 
 5. When an Organising Delegate is on business ten miles or Expenses 
 
 i >f delegates.
 
 1458 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Report 
 
 of expenses. 
 
 Penalties 
 for neglect of 
 duty. 
 
 Local 
 
 delegate 
 
 provision. 
 
 upwards from his place of residence, he shall be paid the sum 
 of 2s. 6rf. per day as expenses, but when twenty miles from his 
 home lie shall receive 5s. per day, Sundays included, and third- 
 class return railway fare in addition. A detailed account of his 
 expenses shall be certified by the District Secretary, where the 
 expenses have been incurred prior to payment by his branch, and 
 submitted to the District Committee of the town in which he 
 resides for approval. He shall give a summary account of his 
 expenses for the Quarterly Report. He shall attend at District 
 Committee meetings when requested so to attend. If he does 
 not act in conformity with instructions laid down in this rule, 
 the Executive Council shall have power to fine him the sum of 
 20s. for the first offence, 40s. for the second, and remove him from 
 office for the third. 
 
 6. The District Committee or Committees in any district, 
 being of opinion that the services of a local delegate would further 
 the interests of our Society and the trade generally, shall request 
 the branches in their district to take a vote by ballot on the 
 question, also as to a levy in support of the same; the said levy 
 (South African and American branches excepted) shall not exceed 
 Id. per member weekly on the whole of the members in that dis- 
 trict. This delegate shall be under the control of the District 
 Committee, and shall be elected for three years under the same 
 conditions as are laid down in clause 2 of this rule. 
 
 The following shall be the districts for Organising District 
 Delegates: 
 
 jVo. 1 Division. 
 
 No. 2 Division, &c. 
 
 * * * 
 
 RULE 17. AMERICAN, CANADIAN, SOUTH AFRICAN, AND 
 AUSTRALASIAN COUNCILS. 
 
 Powers. 1. There shall be an American Council, Canadian Council, 
 
 Australasian Council, and South African Council, vested with 
 authoritative and administrative powers sufficient to enable them 
 to protect the interests of our trade and to advance the interests 
 of the Society on the American Continent, Australasia, and South
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1459 
 
 Africa. Their duties shall be as hereafter set forth, subject 
 generally to the rules of the Society and to the Executive Council. 
 
 2. The members of the Society in Australia shall be a section 
 of the Society under the jurisdiction of the Australasian Council, 
 which section shall consist of all the branches in Australia, and 
 be subject to the general and special rules of the Society. 
 
 3. They shall have power from time to time to adopt any rules 
 to enable the Australian section of the Society to comply with 
 the conditions prescribed by any Labour legislation enacted in 
 Australasia, and to repeal and alter any such rules or any exist- 
 ing rules for the purpose of complying with such conditions, 
 and any rules so adopted or altered shall be binding on the 
 members of the Society in Australasia. 
 
 4. The chairmen of the American, Canadian, South African, chairman, 
 and Australasian Councils shall be nominated by and from the 
 districts in which the meetings are held, but shall be elected by 
 
 the whole of the members forming the Councils, and their term 
 of office shall be for three years. 
 
 The secretary of the Australasian Council shall be nominated Secretary, 
 and elected by the votes of the Australasian members, and shall 
 receive a salary of 4 per week, and his term of office shall be 
 three years, and he shall be under the control of the Australasian 
 Council. 
 
 Councilmen shall be paid the sum of Is. 6d. for each meeting, payment 
 and if residing more than two miles from the place of meeting ofCouncil- 
 
 3 men. 
 
 they shall be paid the lowest return railway fare in addition as 
 per Rule 7. 
 
 They shall be elected for three years provisionally. An election 
 .shall take place every twelve months, three retiring the first year, 
 two retiring the second year, and two retiring the third year. 
 
 The Australasian Council shall be located in Melbourne, and Qualification 
 shall consist of seven full members of any Australasian branch men 
 or branches, and must reside within fifteen miles from place of 
 meeting. 
 
 5. The American, Australasian, and South African Councils Powers re 
 may consult their members whenever they deem it necessary on 
 
 the propriety of raising or replenishing a contingent fund, a 
 benevolent fund, or a fund for granting assistance to our own 
 and other trades, and, in the event of members granting such 
 funds, shall disburse the same for the branches within their juris-
 
 14bO 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Re new 
 branches 
 
 Me reports, 
 cards, and 
 elections. 
 
 Constitution 
 of American - 
 Canadian 
 Council. 
 
 Powers re 
 printing. 
 
 /{ payments 
 of contribu- 
 tions. 
 
 diction, and the American, Australasian, and South African mem- 
 bers shall not be liable to pay any other levies for these special 
 funds. They shall estimate the amount realised by levy upon 
 the same principle as is adopted by the Executive Council. They 
 may open new branches, shall have power to issue a monthly 
 report and an abstract of the financial reports of their respective 
 branches, and shall purchase all stationery and books that may 
 be required for the purposes of the Society in those countries. 
 Copies of all their publications shall be forwarded to the General 
 Office of the Society. They shall also arrange to register travel- 
 ling cards, and regulate the nomination and election of delegates. 
 They shall have power to decide on disputed points as regards 
 the rules in all branches under their jurisdiction, and publish the 
 same, and may also authorise the registration, according to 
 Rule 34, of any of their members going to a State or territory 
 where there is no branch of the Society. 
 
 The amount raised in America, Australasia, and South Africa 
 by superannuation levy may be invested on mortgage of free- 
 hold properties submitted by our members and in the names of 
 the trustees of the American, Australasian, and South African 
 Councils, and under such regulations as may be passed by the same 
 Councils, subject to the approval of the Executive Council. 
 
 The trustees of American, Australasian, and South African 
 Councils shall act in and for their respective countries in the 
 same manner and with the same powers, subject to their respective 
 Councils, as the general trustees to the Executive Council, to 
 which latter body all transfers of money must be reported as soon 
 as possible. 
 
 6 . The American Council shall consist of seven members, resid- 
 ing and belonging to branches situated in the New York district 
 area, and shall be nominated and elected by the aggregate votes 
 of all the American branches, but no one branch shall be allowed at 
 any one time to have more than one representative on the Council. 
 They shall superintend the printing of rule books for the use of 
 American members, such books to be printed in the American 
 currency. They shall also have power to submit to the votes 
 of their members for decision, the question: "How many cents 
 shall constitute the standard of American payments? " In no 
 case shall this be more than fifty per cent, higher than in the 
 United Kingdom.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1461 
 
 7. There shall be an organiser at the disposal of the American New York 
 Council. He shall devote the whole of his time to Society busi- 
 
 ness; he shall act as secretary of the American Council, and do 
 
 all the work connected with and for that body; he shall have 
 
 office room to accommodate the American Council and District New York 
 
 Committee meetings, and shall have an office boy to assist and 
 
 take care of office in his absence. He shall be elected by and from 
 
 the branches under the jurisdiction of the American Council for 
 
 a period of three years; his salary shall be twenty dollars per Salary 
 
 week, but when called ten miles and upwards from his office he of 
 
 shall receive one dollar fifty cents per day as expenses (railroad, 
 
 car, and ferry fares in addition). He shall be under the control American and 
 
 .1 * . SN .1 i . iii Canadian 
 
 of the American Council, and render a strict account to that body, organiser*. 
 Such portions of his report as are of interest to the Society 
 shall be published in the Monthly Report. 
 
 8. The Australasian Council shall have power to make rules Provision for 
 and regulations so that Australasian branches may take advan- in^uli^M^ 1 
 tage of any Labour legislation which may be enacted in the legislation. 
 Australasian Colonies. There shall be two organisers for Austral- Organising 
 asia, and they shall be nominated and elected under the rules 
 governing General Officers, at a salary of 3 15s. per week, Salary 
 with fares, as per Rule 7, and 3s. per day if over ten miles, and 
 
 6s. per day if over twenty miles from home. All communications 
 to the Executive Council from District Committees or branches 
 in Australasia shall be forwarded through the Australasian 
 Council. 
 
 The present method of the second ballot shall be changed in all Elections. 
 elections under the jurisdiction of the Australasian and South 
 African Councils (this is not to include elections covering the 
 whole of the Society) for the system of preferential voting as at 
 present in vogue in Western Australian Parliamentary elections, 
 with the exception of the compulsory clause. 
 
 9. Any of these Councilmen neglecting his duties, without Penalties for 
 giving a satisfactory reason, shall for the first offence be fined 
 
 2s. Qd.', for the second offence, 5s.; and for the third offence, the 
 Council shall have power to declare his seat vacant, a quorum 
 of the full Council being in favour of this course. 
 
 10. The South African Council shall be located at such place South 
 
 A f * 
 
 as the majority of South African members decide, and consist Council 
 of five members residing within thirty-five miles from the place Constitution.
 
 1462 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Powers. 
 
 Secretary's 
 salary. 
 
 Canadian 
 
 Council. 
 
 Constitution. 
 
 Location. 
 
 Payment. 
 
 Chairman : 
 nomination 
 and election. 
 
 Secretary : 
 nomination 
 and election. 
 
 of meeting. They shall have power to make arrangements so that 
 South African branches may take advantage of any Labour legis- 
 lation which may be enacted in the South African Colonies. They 
 shall have power to submit to the votes of the South African 
 members the question of the appointment of an organiser for 
 South Africa at a salary of 25 per month. 
 
 The salary of the secretary of the South African Council shall 
 be 30 per annum. He shall be elected by the votes of the 
 South African members, and shall be elected for three years. 
 
 11. The Canadian Council shall consist of five members, four 
 of whom shall reside within and belong to the branches situated 
 within the province of Ontario, and one shall reside within and 
 belong- to any branch situated in the Montreal District. 
 
 The Canadian Council shall be located in Toronto, and shall 
 meet quarterly, and no quarterly meeting shall last more than 
 two days. The hours of meeting shall be from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 
 and from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. 
 
 The Councilmen shall be paid three dollars per day, and if 
 ten miles or more away from place of meeting they shall receive 
 the lowest rail fare and one dollar fifty cents per day as expenses. 
 
 The chairman shall be nominated by and from the members 
 of Ontario and elected by the whole of the members in Canada. 
 
 The secretary of the Canadian Council shall be nominated 
 by and from the members in Ontario, and elected by the whole 
 of the members in Canada, and shall be paid the same as Council- 
 men, and twenty dollars per annum in addition, and shall be 
 under the control of the Executive Council, and report to it all 
 business transacted, and he must issue a monthly report to the 
 General Office by the 1st of each month. 
 
 The Canadian Council shall be elected by the aggregate votes 
 of the Canadian branches for three years, the majority and 
 minority retiring alternately. Their duties shall be in accord- 
 ance with the rules governing other Councils, except as otherwise 
 provided in these rules. The Canadian Council shall have no 
 power as to the investment of the Superannuation Reserve Fund, 
 or the issuing of separate monthly reports or granting of travel- 
 ling cards. They shall have no power to decide points as regards 
 the rules, or authorise registration under llule 34 of any of their 
 members going to a State or country where there is no branch of
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1463 
 
 the Society, nor shall they have any power to take a vote of their 
 members as to the appointment of an organiser for Canada. 
 
 RULE 18. DELEGATE MEETING AND FINAL APPEAL COURT. 
 
 1. The Executive Council shall take a vote in 19 as to the Delegate 
 advisability of holding a delegate meeting in the following year, ^ n ^' 
 the result to be published in the May Monthly Report, and in beheld, 
 the event of that vote being adverse, the vote shall be taken every 
 
 year, until it has been decided that a meeting shall take place. 
 When so decided the Council shall then arrange for the members 
 to nominate and vote on places nominated, as to the place where 
 the meeting shall be held. 
 
 The delegate meeting shall consist of one delegate for every 
 three thousand members of the home branches and those abroad, 
 excepting that there shall be one each for Australasian and 
 American-Canadian members. 
 
 The total number of members of the home branches stated in 
 the June Quarterly Report issued before the delegate meeting 
 is held shall be taken as the basis. 
 
 Equal electoral divisions of the branches, as mentioned above, 
 shall bo arranged by the Council nine months before the meeting 
 is held. 
 
 2. All candidates for the delegate meeting or Final Appeal 
 Court shall be nominated at least ten weeks and elected at least 
 six weeks before the opening day of the above meetings. Such 
 nominations and elections shall take place at specially summoned 
 meetings for that purpose, and the voting shall be conducted as 
 laid down in Rule 2. 
 
 No member shall be eligible for the aforementioned positions Qualification* 
 who has not worked at the trade for the twelve months imme- 
 diately preceding the nomination. He must be a member of a 
 branch in the division which he seeks to represent, and he must 
 have been a full member for at least seven years. 
 
 Executive Councilmeu, Organising District Delegates, vacant 
 office bookkeepers, local organisers, or full time District Secre- 
 taries shall not be allowed to compete for the aforementioned 
 positions. 
 
 The candidates who obtain the largest number of votes among 
 the unsuccessful candidates shall be the provisional delegates,
 
 1464 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Proposals for 
 alteration of 
 rale or rules : 
 how to 
 proceed. 
 
 Method of 
 dealing with 
 proposed 
 alteration of 
 rides. 
 
 Powers of 
 
 delegate 
 
 meeting. 
 
 Provision for 
 calling special 
 
 and any of them may be called upon to attend should the 
 successful candidate be unable to do so. 
 
 The delegates when assembled shall elect a chairman, who shall, 
 if practicable, be chosen from the members of the district where 
 the meeting takes place, and after the meeting has been duly 
 constituted every member shall remain at the meeting until the 
 business is concluded, unless a satisfactory reason be assigned for 
 his leaving. 
 
 3. If in the opinion of any member or members any alteration 
 of or addition to any rule or rules of the Society is necessary, 
 he or they may lay the proposed alterations before his or their 
 respective branch or branches. If in the opinion of the members 
 present the matter is of sufficient importance, a majority may 
 direct that a summoned meeting be called to consider the sugges- 
 tions, and at such summoned meeting a majority of those voting 
 may adopt or reject the suggestions. 
 
 4. If the suggestions are approved by a summoned branch 
 meeting, the secretary shall enter them in a book supplied by 
 the General Secretary for the purpose, and forward them to the 
 General Office in time to be printed not later than six mouths 
 prior to the delegate meeting. Any branch initiating an altera- 
 tion of the rules may take steps to secure for it the support of two 
 other branches, but no suggestion shall be considered by the dele- 
 gate meeting unless it has been approved by three branches. The 
 Executive Council shall then publish the suggestions having the 
 necessary support in the Monthly Report; and the Council, having 
 a right equal to three branches, may also at the same time put 
 forward suggestions for the consideration of the members and, 
 later on, the delegates. 
 
 5. The delegate meeting shall not have power to make, alter, 
 or rescind any rule unless notice of the proposed additions or 
 alterations has been given to the members of the branches. . . . 
 Whatever is agreed upon at the delegate meeting shall be binding 
 on all the members, but no delegate meeting or Council shall 
 have the power to abrogate any of the principles of the Society, 
 viz., Donation, Sick, Accident, Superannuation, or Funeral Bene- 
 fits, except where, thereafter, forty per cent, of the membership 
 vote in favour of the change. 
 
 6. On a requisition from thirty branches the Council shall 
 take a vote as to whether or not a delegate meeting shall be called
 
 RULKS OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1465 
 
 to consider any specified question or questions affecting the delegate 
 interests of the Society or the earnings or conditions of employ- " 
 ment of the members, or in the event of legislation passed by Par- 
 liament having a direct effect on any of the benefits of this 
 Society, to consider and decide if and what alterations are required 
 to meet the same. Such meeting shall be called, however, only if 
 a majority of the members voting are in favour of the same, and if 
 fifteen per cent, of the members of the United Kingdom record 
 their votes. It shall consider only such question or questions as 
 were contained in the requisition, but its decisions thereon shall 
 be final and binding on the Executive Council. For the 
 purpose of promptly constituting such a delegate meeting, the 
 members of the meeting held last before the requisition shall form 
 it, or failing any one of them, the member who had received the 
 next largest number of votes in the contest for the position shall 
 be called upon to take his place. But in all matters appertaining 
 to home branches, only the United Kingdom delegates shall be 
 called on. 
 
 THE FINAL APPEAL COURT. 
 
 7. There shall be an Appeal Court consisting of delegates Final appeal 
 elected on a basis of one for every 6,000 members in the branches 
 
 of the United Kingdom and abroad, except that America and 
 'Australasia shall be represented alternately. 
 
 8. The first meeting shall be held on and from Whit-Monday, First 
 
 19 , at Newcastle, and shall consider all appeals which reach "i^^f i 
 the General Office at least four weeks before, and which are in court, 
 order according to Rule 14. 
 
 9. The Australasian members shall send a representative to Subsequent 
 the first Final Appeal Court meeting. Subsequent meetings shall e ^ UI 1 g8 ( i 
 be held every two years, the first to take place in 19 , except in court. 
 
 such year as a delegate meeting takes place. Such delegate meet- 
 ing shall form the Appeal Court for that year. The time and 
 place shall be decided upon by the Executive Council or delegate 
 meeting as the case may be. 
 
 10. The Society shall be divided into equal electoral divisions Electoral 
 by the Executive Council nine months before the Final Appeal 
 Court meeting, special provision being made so that branches court, 
 outside the United Kingdom may have time to record their votes. 
 When assembled the delegates shall elect a chairman either from
 
 146(> 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Some dis- 
 qualifications 
 applying 
 to candidates. 
 
 Duties of 
 final appeal 
 court. 
 
 Report of 
 proceedings. 
 
 or apart from their own body, but, if possible, from the district. 
 Tho General or Assistant Secretary shall be in attendance to take 
 the minutas of the proceedings. 
 
 11. No member who is personally interested in any appeal 
 shall sit on the Final Appeal Court, and any member using 
 influence or asking candidates either to support or to reject any 
 appeal may be fined up to the amount of 20s., and any candidate 
 promising cither to support or to reject any appeal shall be 
 disqualified. 
 
 12. The duties of the Final Appeal Court shall be to consider 
 and decide all appeals against the rulings of the Executive 
 Council, and the decision then given shall be final, its duties 
 ending when it has decided the appeals, and it shall be incumbent 
 on the Executive Council to give immediate effect to the decisions 
 of the Final Appeal Court. The General Secretary and Presi- 
 dent must see that all appeals are printed and placed in the hands 
 of each delegate when the Final Appeal Court assembles. 
 
 13. The General Secretary shall issue within six weeks after 
 each meeting of the Final Appeal Court a report of the pro- 
 ceedings of such Court, and such report, as well as of the delegate 
 meeting, must be issued without comment and in numbers corre- 
 sponding to one for every twenty members. 
 
 RULE 19. PAYMENTS FOR SPECIAL DUTIES AND DELEGATIONS. 
 
 For special 
 audits. 
 
 For delegate 
 meeting. 
 
 1. Any member of the General Office secretarial staff deputed 
 on special audit work shall be paid if in the London district 
 at the London District Committee By-Law rates, namely, Qd. 
 per day, in addition to wage, if under one mile from the General 
 Office, and Is. if under twelve miles, with time and fares daily. 
 If more than twelve miles from the office special audits shall be 
 paid for according to the next following clause. 
 
 2. Any member attending the delegate meeting or otherwise 
 specially delegated shall be allowed 6s. per day as wages, and 
 when travelling to or from the place of meeting on a Sunday he 
 shall be paid his wages for that day. When any member so dele- 
 gated is earning more than 6s. per day at day work, lie shall be 
 entitled to the same rate of wages as he is then earning; but in 
 no case shall more than 10s. per day be paid as wages, except 
 in the case of delegates from districts where the ordinary rate
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1467 
 
 of wages is higher than that figure . All delegates shall be allowed 
 third-class fare, except such as have to travel by water, for which 
 the faro allowed shall be second-class. They shall receive 7.s. 
 per day as expenses, Sundays included, but if the place of business 
 is less than" ten miles from their place of 'residence they shall 
 be paid os. Qd. per day, Sundays excepted. The above expenses 
 shall not apply to delegates from a distance whose travelling fare 
 includes cost of living, who shall receive 3s. 6d. per day as 
 expenses whilst so travelling. Nor shall they apply to local dele- 
 gations of under ten miles, which shall be paid for at the rate of 
 3s. per day and travelling fares; nor to special auditing within 
 twelve miles from the General Office. Doorkeepers and mes- 
 sengers shall be paid the minimum rate of wages of the town 
 where the meeting may be held. 
 
 3. Any member, delegated on the Society's business, and losing For special 
 his situation in consequence thereof, shall be allowed the weekly 
 rate of wages he was receiving before his discharge, subject to 
 the approval of the Council, until he finds employment satis- 
 factory to thu members of his branch. He shall be paid the cost 
 of removing himself and family to where he obtains employ- 
 ment on production of railway and other receipts; such cost to 
 cover travelling and transport expenses only. Should he obtain 
 employment, and not succeed in keeping it for more than eight 
 weeks, he shall be entitled to his weekly wages; but in no case 
 shall any member receive this benefit for a period longer than 
 fifty-two weeks, after which he shall be entitled to donation 
 benefit only. He shall attend the vacant book, or be liable to 
 the same penalties as members in receipt of donation, and shall 
 pay his contribution while in receipt of this benefit. 
 
 RULE 20. ADMISSION OF FULL MEMBERS IN 
 CLASSES A, B, AND C. 
 
 1. The scale of entrances for full membership in Classes A, Scale forfull 
 
 B, and C:- membership. 
 
 s. d. 
 If not exceeding the age of 22 years 2 6 
 
 23 040 
 
 24 056 
 
 25 070 
 
 B. VOL. II. 39
 
 1468 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Mode of 
 proposition. 
 
 Who can 
 propose. 
 
 Payment of 
 entrance lee. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 If not exceeding the age of 26 years 8 6 
 
 27 10 6 
 
 28 12 6 
 
 29 15 
 
 30 18 
 
 31 1 1 
 
 32 1 4 
 
 33 1 7 
 
 34 1 10 
 
 35 1 13 
 
 36 1 16 
 
 37 1 19 
 
 38 220 
 
 39 250 
 
 40 280 
 
 43 2 11 
 
 45 2 14 
 
 2. Candidates for admission under this rule shall be proposed, 
 seconded, and recommended by two members of the same depart- 
 ment of trade, where this is practicable, at a branch meeting, and 
 may be admitted at the next branch meeting. Proposition fees 
 may also be accepted at special open meetings of Society and. 
 non-society men, held with the approval of the Executive 
 Council. Candidates may be proposed and seconded by members 
 of any branch in any branch of the Society they may be desirous 
 of entering. 
 
 3. Candidates up to twenty-seven years of age must pay half 
 their entrance money on the night on which they are proposed, 
 together with 4d. for a copy of the rules, and the other half on 
 the night of admission; above twenty-seven years of age, 5s. 
 when proposed, with 4d. for a copy of the rules, and 5s. on the 
 night of admission; the remaining portion of the entrance money, 
 if any, must be paid within fourteen weeks of admission, except 
 in the case of a candidate falling out of work, when the branch 
 shall have power to grant an extension of time. Candidates 
 thirty-five years of age and upwards shall be allowed twenty 
 weeks to pay the entrance fee, and in default of such payment 
 shall cease to be members. Candidates for admission into
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1469 
 
 branches outside the United Kingdom, if approved of by the When 
 branch where they are proposed, may be admitted without wait- 
 ing for an answer, where such is necessary, from the home 
 branches; at the same time their admission shall only stand good 
 if the answer when received is favourable. Every candidate, on 
 being admitted, shall be furnished witb an entrance card, on 
 which shall be entered all sums paid as entrance money, the whole 
 of which must be paid before any sum is received as contribution ; 
 when the entrance money is paid he shall be supplied with a 
 contribution card. 
 
 4. Every person, before being admitted, shall express his con- Concurrence 
 currence with the rules furnished to him, and shall sign a form 
 
 of proposition, which shall, on application, be given to his pro- 
 poser by the secretary, containing all necessary particulars bear- 
 ing upon his fitness to become a member. Candidates from Certificates, 
 thirty-five years of age upwards must produce a certificate of 
 birth, or other satisfactory evidence of age, and where candidates 
 have been members before, reference shall also be made to the 
 books of the Society for previous admission for particulars as 
 to age. Any ex-member, up to thirty -five years of age, who 
 has been excluded for arrears may be re-admitted, Avith the con- Reinstate- 
 sent of the Executive Council, on agreeing to pay up all moneys n 
 owing to the date of re-admission. Such moneys must be paid 
 within twenty-six weeks, when the member will be restored to 
 his former position. But in all other respects the admission 
 must be treated in the ordinary way and the form duly filled in; 
 but no entrance fee shall be charged. These forms, together with 
 the certificate of birth, medical certificates, and all other docu- 
 ments relating to admission, shall be sent to the General Office 
 to facilitate the keeping of the registration books. As soon 
 as the entry is made, the (Certificate of birth shall be returned to 
 the member or rejected candidate. Rejected candidates shall have Rejected 
 the proposition and entrance money they have paid into the c 
 Society returned to them, and the proposition forms, with the 
 reasons stated for their rejection, must be forwarded to the 
 General Office. 
 
 5. Each candidate for admission under this rule must be Qualifica- 
 qualified for membership under the following conditions : He shall 
 
 have served five years at one or more of the trades mentioned ticeship. 
 in these rules, except in countries where a less number of years' 
 
 39 (2)
 
 1470 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Re technical 
 
 school. 
 
 Re transfer. 
 
 Re age. 
 
 Re wages. 
 
 Re ability and 
 character. 
 
 Admission of 
 groups. 
 
 Admission of 
 apprentices. 
 
 Method of 
 proposition. 
 
 Proposer 
 failing to 
 attend. 
 
 apprenticeship is the established rule; or he shall have served 
 three years in the workshop in addition to at least four years 
 previously in the - - department of a technical school; or he 
 shall have been a full member of another society, and having- 
 paid up all arrears in that society, join this Society, within 
 six weeks afterwards, in which case he shall be entitled to imme- 
 diate benefits. In the latter event, however, the previous mem- 
 bership in the other society will not be reckoned as qualifying for 
 superannuation. He shall be at least nineteen, and not more 
 than forty years of age, except in the case of candidates who 
 have previously been members and excluded for arrears, who may 
 be admitted up to the age of forty-five. If he has been out of 
 his apprenticeship for two years he shall be in receipt of the rate 
 of wages ordinarily paid to the trade in the district, and if less 
 than two years out of his apprenticeship he shall be in receipt 
 of the wages laid down by the District Committee. He must be 
 of good ability as a workman, of steady habits, and of good 
 moral character. If an otherwise qualified candidate falls out 
 of work between the date of proposition and the date fixed for 
 entrance, such fact shall not prevent his admission. Members 
 of other societies can be admitted in groups of not less than five, 
 under the conditions set out in Rule 14. Any apprentice may join 
 as a full member within the last twelve months of his apprentice- 
 ship, provided he is at least nineteen and not more than twenty- 
 three years of age, and has already served four years' apprentice- 
 ship. Any such apprentice shall pay entrance fees in accordance 
 with this rule, and contributions in accordance with Rule 24, and 
 shall be exempt from paying any levies, except superannuation, 
 until he is out of his apprenticeship, but shall be in all other 
 respects under the same conditions as those joining the Society as 
 full members. 
 
 6. Members proposing and seconding any person to become a 
 member shall do so verbally (except in the case' of those pro- 
 vided for in clause 5), and attend on the night he is to be admitted 
 to give all necessary information regarding his character and 
 health. Failing to attend, unless a reasonable excuse can bo 
 given, the proposer shall be fined Is. Should the proposer and 
 seconder be absent on the night of admission, their statements 
 may be accepted in writing. If the person wishing to become 
 a member did not serve his time at any place where there is a
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 branch, the secretary of the branch to which he applies shall 
 
 write to the nearest branch to where he served his time for Information 
 
 information, or he shall obtain a note from the employer, if prac- req uired. 
 
 ticable, stating the facts of such service. The branch written 
 
 to shall forward the necessary information as early as possible. 
 
 None shall be admitted unless they can produce satisfactory 
 
 evidence of their eligibility. Members knowingly proposing or Penalties for 
 
 seconding persons for admission contrary to these rules shall be f^eligibie 
 
 fined 1 . candidates. 
 
 7 . The candidate shall be in attendance on the night on which Attendance of 
 he is proposed, if he resides within five miles of the branch to 
 
 which he applies; should he reside more than five miles from 
 the branch, he will not be required to attend on the night on which 
 he is proposed, but shall do so on the night on which the question 
 of his admission is to be entertained, in which case he shall be 
 admitted into the room and certify to the correctness of the par- 
 ticulars contained in the proposition form, and shall then retire 
 until the question of his admission is decided upon. Every Majority 
 admission shall be decided upon by a majority of the members admission, 
 present. Should the candidate reside twenty or more miles away, 
 or in places outside the United Kingdom, then his proposition 
 form shall be read in his absence, if endorsed by two members 
 of the Society, and the candidate may be made a member in 
 his absence. 
 
 8. - going to sea may be admitted in their absence. Sea- Sea-going 
 
 going and candidates going abroad as outworkers may be 
 
 proposed and admitted on the same night, except those provided 
 
 for in clause 7 of this rule. In cases where the candidate expects 
 
 to sail before the next branch meeting night, he may be proposed 
 
 and admitted by the branch committee, subject to the approval 
 
 of the next branch meeting. Where the candidate has been in Admission 
 
 the Society before, his proposer and seconder shall give the neces- previously 
 
 sary notice to the secretary, who shall write and get every infor- members. 
 
 mation regarding his character previous to his re-admission. The 
 
 candidate shall in every case produce his indentures or other 
 
 satisfactory evidence as to the length of time he has worked at 
 
 the trade. 
 
 9. No person shall be admitted a member who is at the same Disqualifica 
 time a member of another trade society, except where such mem- 
 bership of another society is but honorary, and except in the
 
 1472 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Deaf or dumb, 
 loss of limbs, 
 or fits. 
 
 Eyesight. 
 
 Certificate of 
 health. 
 
 Provision for 
 unfit. 
 
 Recovery 
 of sick. 
 
 Signing of 
 proposition 
 book. 
 
 case of associated trades formed for their general protection. 
 Any member entering any other kindred trade society shall be 
 excluded, and forfeit all he has paid into this Society, except 
 under special circumstances, where permission must be granted 
 by the Executive Council. No person shall be admitted a mem- 
 ber who is deaf or dumb, or who is ruptured, or has lost a limb, 
 or who is subject to fits, or who is through imperfect vision 
 obliged to wear glasses at his work, or who has lost more than 
 two whole fingers from one hand, .unless he can produce a medical 
 certificate to the effect that his failing is not detrimental to him 
 in his capacity as a workman. Persons who have lost one eye 
 may, if the remaining one is good, be admitted up to the age of 
 thirty years, but must produce a medical certificate in proof of 
 the soundness of the remaining eye. In all these cases the medical 
 certificates must be submitted to the Executive Council prior to 
 the admission of the candidates. 
 
 10. The candidate before being admitted shall, if the branch 
 deem it necessary, produce a certificate of health from such 
 surgeon as the branch may appoint, the expenses to be defrayed 
 by the Society. If it be certified that he is unfit to be a member 
 of the sick benefit, he may be admitted, and entitled to all the 
 benefits but that of sick, and shall pay into the Society such 
 sum less in contributions as the Executive Council may determine, 
 and when unable to follow his employment through sickness, he 
 sihall be exempt from payment of contributions altogether. The 
 same examination and condition shall apply to members of 
 societies not having a sick fund joining this Society, who 
 may be certified to possess a constitution unfitting them to be 
 members of a sick society. If at any subsequent period a mem- 
 ber, after medical examination, is declared to be of sound health 
 and fit to be a member of a sick society, he shall be admitted and 
 entitled to the sick benefit after having paid the full contribution 
 for a period of fifty- two weeks. 
 
 11. Any person becoming a member shall, on the night of his 
 admission, sign his name in the proposition book or legal bond 
 provided for that purpose, and be fifty-two weeks in the Society 
 before he is a free member, except in cases in which it majy be 
 otherwise provided. Any person agreed to be admitted shall 
 enter within fourteen weeks from such time, or forfeit what has 
 been paid, unless a satisfactory reason be assigned for failure to
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1473 
 
 enter; such cases shall be brought before a general branch 
 meeting. 
 
 12. Any member being single when admitted who subsequently Notification 
 
 1 . , . of marriage, 
 marries shall give notice to the secretary 01 his branch within 
 
 four weeks, or be fined 2s. 6d., and shall have no claim for funeral 
 money for his wife until he produces proof of his marriage. 
 
 13. Any member who has left the Society in preference to 
 paying fines inflicted or refunding benefits improperly received 
 shall pay the same, the Council having power to allow him a 
 reasonable time to do so after being re-admitted. If any person, 
 
 having been excluded, wishes to re-enter, but not in the branch Re-entry of 
 from which he was excluded, the secretary of the branch he money^or^ 
 wishes to enter shall immediately, if his proposition be accepted, excluded, 
 write to the branch he was excluded from to ascertain why he 
 was excluded, and whether they have any objection to his re- 
 admission. Before he is re-admitted, particular inquiry shall District 
 
 be made if he ever defrauded the Society or any of its members Committee to 
 o r i 1-1 i consulted, 
 
 in relation to Society matters, or if he ever applied to any other 
 
 branch for admission, and, if so, what branch; or acted in any 
 way contrary to the Society's interests, and in the latter event, 
 the sanction of the local committee of the district in which the 
 offence was committed shall be obtained prior to admission. In 
 the event of such an offence being proved against him, he shall 
 make restitution to the parties he has injured before he can be 
 re-admitted. In all such cases the evidence shall be laid before Council's 
 the Council previous to admission or re-admission. If the inquiry sanction - 
 is neglected, and the person is allowed to enter or re-enter with- 
 out having given satisfaction he shall be excluded, and the amount 
 he has paid shall be forfeited. The president and secretary 
 shall be fined 2s. 6d. each for neglect of this inquiry. 
 
 14. Any person rejoining this Society shall occupy a position Position of 
 in all respects as if he had never been a member, except as 
 provided for in clause 4. 
 
 15. Any person detected of having knowingly entered without Penalties for 
 possessing the aforesaid qualifications, or otherwise under false U n^ D fal8e 
 pretences, shall, when discovered, be excluded, and the money he pretences, 
 has paid shall be forfeited.
 
 1474 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Army and Navy Artificers. 
 
 16. Free members may retain their membership while serv- 
 ing as above, or candidates while in either of the services may 
 become members, under the following conditions: 
 
 (a) Payment of a fixed contribution of Is. per week, and 
 superannuation and accident levies; new members to pay entrance 
 fees according to this rule. 
 
 (b) Entitled to accident, qualifying for funeral benefit, and 
 time counted for superannuation, but not entitled to any other 
 benefit. 
 
 (c) Disentitled to benefit when owing 12s., and excluded when 
 arrears amount to 36s. 
 
 (d) No fines for arrears. 
 
 (e) New members will be entitled to benefits only after pay- 
 ment of the above contributions for twelve months. 
 
 (f) Members being transferred must give notice to the branch 
 secretary prior to entry under these provisions. 
 
 (g) On transfer from the conditions here laid down to ordinary 
 full membership, notice must be given to the branch secretary, 
 and full contributions be paid for three months before entitle- 
 ment to full benefits. 
 
 Members Leaving the Trade. 
 
 Members If a member leaves the trade and follows other employment 
 
 llot connected therewith, his conditions of membership may be 
 as follows: 
 
 (a) Contributions Is. per week and superannuation levies. 
 
 (b) Entitled to sick, superannuation, and funeral benefits, but 
 not to any other benefits. 
 
 (c) Disentitled to benefit when owing 12s., and excluded when 
 arrears amount to 36s. 
 
 (d) No fines for arrears. 
 
 (e) In case any such member transfers from such condition of 
 employment back to the trade, he, .on notice being given to 
 his branch secretary, shall, on payment of full contributions for 
 three months, be entitled to full benefits.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1475 
 
 RULE 21. CLASS D. APPRENTICE SECTION. 
 
 1. Any apprentice who is working at any of the trades men- Qualifica- 
 tioned in Rule 1, and who is not less than sixteen, nor more 
 
 than twenty years of age, may be admitted as a probationary 
 member, provided he is of good moral character, has good health, 
 and is of average promise as a workman. 
 
 2. Any candidate may be proposed at an ordinary meeting Proposition, 
 by a full member of the Society, but may be seconded by an 
 apprentice who has joined the Society under this rule; the next 
 
 branch meeting shall accept or reject the proposal as may be 
 
 thought, fit. No admission fee shall be charged, but candidates Entrance fee. 
 
 for admission under this rule shall pay 2d. for a copy of the 
 
 rules on the night of proposition. He must become a member 
 
 within eight weeks of his proposition. He shall pay l^d. per Contribution. 
 
 week as contributions, and shall be exempt from all levies. Any 
 
 member neglecting to pay on the meeting night when he owes 
 
 Is. 6d. shall have no claim for benefit until he reduces his arrears Arrears. 
 
 below that amount and for two weeks thereafter, and should his 
 
 arrears amount to 3s. he shall be excluded. 
 
 3. Any member of this section who has been in the Society 
 at least twelve months, and who is not disentitled to benefit 
 according to the foregoing clause, shall be entitled to contingent Contingent, 
 benefit as specified in Rule 26, and legal assistance in the event 
 
 of the same being required, and State benefits if a State approved 
 
 member, and shall be exempt from payment of contributions in 
 
 the event of suspension for six days or more, provided that such Benefits. 
 
 suspension is caused through no fault of his own. On the death 
 
 of a member not disentitled to benefit, his nominee or next of Funeral 
 
 kin shall receive the sum of 5 as funeral allowance. benefit. 
 
 4. Any free probationary member being a , not disentitled Loss of tools. 
 
 by arrears of contributions, who shall lose his tools by fire or , 
 
 water shall receive compensation to the amount of not exceeding 
 
 5, provided in such case that the member has taken reasonable 
 precautions for their safety, and his branch is satisfied that he 
 has done so. 
 
 5. Any apprentice who has attained the age of nineteen years, Transfer 
 and has been at least four years at the trade and twelve months to fu ^ , . 
 
 membership. 
 
 as a probationary member, may apply to his branch to become 
 a full member. He shall fill in the particulars comprised in the
 
 1476 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Conditions 
 afterwards. 
 
 Failing to 
 transfer. 
 
 Rights re 
 office and 
 voting. 
 
 Qualification 
 of in branches 
 abroad. 
 
 entrance form for full members, and sign his name in the pro- 
 position book. The entrance form shall be forwarded to the 
 Executive Council in the same manner as is described in Rule 20. 
 If the branch is satisfied that he is eligible for full membership he 
 shall commence to pay contributions in accordance with the pro- 
 visions of Rule 24; when, provided that he has been a pro- 
 bationary member for two years prior to transfer, he shall be 
 entitled to half full benefits in the class transferred to for the 
 next fifty-two weeks, and at the end of fifty-two weeks shall be 
 considered a free member and entitled to full benefits of the class 
 transferred to. provided he is not 10s. in arrears. Any member 
 neglecting to apply for admission to full membership within 
 eight weeks from the termination of his apprenticeship and after 
 being notified by the secretary, shall be excluded from the Society r 
 unless he can assign a satisfactory reason for the omission to hia 
 branch. 
 
 6. Members admitted under this rule shall be allowed to 
 attend branch meetings, but shall have no power of voting except 
 in election of branch and general officers, or be themselves eligible 
 for office, except as doorkeeper or assistant secretary. 
 
 The following clauses only apply to branches outside the United 
 Kingdom : 
 
 7. Any apprentice who has worked two years at any of the 
 trades mentioned in Rule 1, and who is not less than seventeen 
 nor more than twenty-three years of age (to apply to apprentices 
 outside the United Kingdom), may be admitted as a probationary 
 member, provided he is of good moral character, has good health, 
 and is of average promise as a workman. 
 
 How pro- 
 posed. 
 
 8. Any candidate may be proposed at an ordinary meeting 
 by a full member of the Society, but may be seconded by an 
 apprentice who has already joined the Society under this rule; 
 the next branch meeting shall accept or reject the proposal as 
 
 Entrance fee. may be thought fit. One shilling shall be paid on the night of 
 proposition, together with 2d. for a copy of the rules, and Is. on 
 the night of admission. He must become a member within eight 
 weeks of the date of his proposition, or forfeit all moneys paid. 
 He shall pay 3d. per week as contributions, and shall be exempt 
 
 Arrears. from all levies. Any member neglecting to pay on the meeting 
 
 night when he owes 3s. shall have no claim for benefit until he
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1477 
 
 reduces his arrears below that amount and for two weeks there- 
 after, and should his arrears amount to 6s. he shall be excluded. 
 
 9. Any member of this section who shall have been in the 
 Society at least twelve months, and who is not disentitled to 
 benefit according to the foregoing clause, being prevented from 
 following his employment through sickness or accident, shall be Benefits, 
 entitled to the sum of 5s. per week for twenty-six weeks, and 
 thereafter 2s. 6d. per week for fifty-two weeks, when the benefit 
 
 shall cease. Any member unable to work through sickness must, 
 if claiming sick pay, inform his secretary in writing within two Claiming 
 days; failing to do so, his claim shall only hold good from the 
 day preceding the actual giving of notice. He shall be entitled Contingent, 
 to one-half contingent benefit, as specified in Rule 26, and 
 exempted from payment of contributions in the event of suspen- 
 sion for six days or more, provided that such suspension is caused 
 through no fault of his own. On the death of a member not Funeral 
 disentitled to benefit, his nominee or next of kin shall receive 
 the sum of 5 as funeral allowance. 
 
 10. Any free probationary member being a - , not dis- Loss of tools, 
 entitled by arrears of contributions, who shall lose his tools by; 
 
 fire or water shall receive compensation to the amount of not 
 exceeding 5, provided in such case that the member has taken 
 reasonable precautions for their safety, and his branch is satis- 
 fied that he has done so. 
 
 11. Any apprentice who has attained the age of nineteen years j 
 and has been at least four years at the trade and twelve months 
 as a probationary member, may apply to his branch to become 
 
 a full member. He shall fill in the particulars comprised in the Transfer 
 entrance form for full members, and sign his name in the pro- membership 
 position book. The entrance form shall be forwarded to the 
 Executive Council in the same manner as is described in Rule 20. 
 If the branch is satisfied that he is eligible for full membership 
 he shall commence to pay contributions, in accordance with the 
 provisions of Rule 24. He shall not be considered a free member 
 until the expiration of twenty-six weeks from the date when the 
 branch decided to admit him to full membership, but he shall be 
 entitled to receive benefit according to this rule during such Benefits, 
 period, provided he is not 10s. in arrears; and if he has been a 
 probationary member for two years prior to transfer, he shall be 
 entitled to half full benefits for the first twenty-six weeks there-
 
 1478 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Failing to 
 transfer. 
 
 Rights re 
 offi<-e and 
 Toting. 
 
 after. Any member neglecting to apply for admission to full 
 membership within eight weeks from the termination of his 
 apprenticeship, and after being notified by the secretary, shall 
 be excluded from the Society, unless he can assign a satisfactory 
 reason for the omission to his branch. 
 
 12. Members admitted under this section shall be allowed to 
 attend branch meetings, but shall have no power of voting except 
 in election of branch and general officers, or be themselves eligible 
 for office, except as doorkeeper or assistant secretary. 
 
 Qualifica- 
 tions. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Transfer. 
 
 Entrance 
 fee when 
 proposed. 
 
 Contribu- 
 tions. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 
 RULE 22. CLASS E. TRADE PROTECTION MEMBERS AND 
 MACHINE WORKERS. 
 
 1 . Persons over the age of twenty-one years, following any of 
 the branches of trade mentioned in Rule 1, clause 2, may be 
 admitted members of this section provided they have worked at 
 least five years at any of the branches of trade mentioned in 
 Rule 1, clause 2, and are not eligible to join as full members under 
 Rule 20, and also persons who have been machine workers for 
 two years, provided that they have been working under conditions 
 sanctioned by the District Committee. Members of this section 
 shall be entitled to benefit in times of trade disputes, to unem- 
 ployment benefit, and to funeral benefit. The mode of proposition 
 shall be governed by Rule 20. Members of the former machinist 
 section may transfer to this class, and shall be subject to con- 
 ditions of this class from the date of transfer. 
 
 2. Candidates shall pay 2s. Qd. on the night of proposition, 
 together with 4d. for a copy of rules, 2s. 6d. on the night of 
 admission, and the balance of the entrance fee within four weeks 
 of the date of admission. They shall pay a contribution of 
 Qd. per week, and shall be in the Society twelve months before 
 being entitled to the benefits hereinafter set forth. 
 
 Candidates for this class shall pay entrance fees on following 
 scale: 
 
 s. d. 
 
 21 and not exceeding 30 years of age 5 
 
 30 35 7 6 
 
 35 years of age and over 10 
 
 3. In the event of any member of this section leaving his 
 situation by order of the District Committee or Executive
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1479 
 
 Council, or being locked out for refusing conditions which are 
 considered unsatisfactory by those bodies, he shall be entitled to 
 dispute benefit at the rate of 10s. per week for fourteen weeks,. Dispute 
 thereafter 7s. for fourteen weeks, and thereafter 5s. for twenty- }>enefii 
 four weeks, when this benefit shall terminate. 
 
 Unemployment benefit shall be paid at the rate of 4s. per Unemploy- 
 week for fourteen weeks under conditions laid down in Rule 25, ment benefit. 
 if a member is entitled to State benefit. Non-free members will 
 be treated the same as non-free members in clause 10, Rule 25. 
 No member will be entitled to benefit whose arrears exceed 5s. Arrears. 
 
 4. Upon the death of any free member, having joined before Funeral 
 the age of fifty-five, his nominee or next of kin shall be entitled allowance - 
 to receive the sum of 5, provided the said member's arrears of 
 contributions do not exceed the sum of 8s., but for any member 
 joining after the age of fifty-five years, 2 10s., as funeral benefit, 
 
 only shall be paid. 
 
 5. Members in this section shall participate in contingent, 
 emergency, benevolent, and legal assistance funds, and shall pay Levies. 
 all levies imposed for those purposes. 
 
 6. When unable to follow their employment through sickness Exemptions 
 they shall be exempt from payment of contributions upon pro- ' 
 
 duction of satisfactory evidence to their branch, but shall comply 
 with the rules governing all other sick members, and, in the event 
 of losing or leaving situations under circumstances satisfactory 
 to the branch, shall also be exempt from contributions if unem- 
 ployed for six or more days, provided they sign the vacant book 
 as directed by the branch. 
 
 7. They shall not be eligible for any office in the Society, Rights re 
 except the offices of assistant secretary, vice-president, and door- 
 keeper; but they shall have power of voting in all elections for 
 branch or general officers, and upon contingent, emergency, bene- 
 volent, and legal assistance fund levies. 
 
 8. They must reduce their arrears below 5s. on the last meet- Fines for 
 ing night in June and December (in Australasia, March and arrears - 
 September), or be fined 6d. for each neglect. They shall be 
 entitled to a notice when their arrears exceed 7s. 6d., and should 
 
 their arrears exceed 13s. they shall be excluded. 
 
 9. In all particulars not specifically dealt with in one or other 
 of the clauses of this rule, memjbers of this section are subject to 
 and must conform with the rules of the Society, and all fines
 
 1480 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Transfer 
 to full 
 membership. 
 
 Admission 
 in New 
 Zealand. 
 
 imposed for neglect of duty, &c. shall be imposed upon members 
 of this section to the same amount as in the case of other members 
 for similar offences. 
 
 10. Any member of this class who has worked five years at 
 the trade, and is in receipt of the rate of wages fixed by the 
 District Committee for full members, may, if branch is satisfied 
 with the answers given on the schedule, be transferred to full 
 membership in either Class A, B, or C. He shall pay, as transfer 
 fee, the difference between the entrance fee paid on admission and 
 the entrance fee for his age at the date of transfer. (No transfers 
 to be made after forty-five years of age.) He shall then pay full 
 contributions and levies according to scale in the class trans- 
 ferred to, and shall, after twelve months, be entitled to full 
 benefits of that class, except in regard to superannuation, when 
 the qualifying time shall be computed from the date of transfer. 
 
 Contributions of State approved members of this section shall 
 be paid by the Society whilst the member is unemployed to 
 enable him to continue entitled to State sick and disablement 
 benefit on payment of a levy of Qd. per quarter. 
 
 11. Notwithstanding the foregoing clauses competent trades- 
 men may, for the purpose of the New Zealand industrial legis- 
 lation, be admitted in that country at any age from twenty-one 
 years upwards. They shall pay an entrance fee of 5s., and sub- 
 scriptions of 4d. per week. They shall have the same right of 
 admittance to all meetings as other members, and to vote at 
 elections of officers. They shall participate in contingent, bene- 
 volent, and legal assistance funds. Members of this section shall 
 have status in New Zealand only, but shall have the option of 
 joining as full members up to the age of forty-five years under 
 the rules. 
 
 Qualifica- 
 tions. 
 
 RULE 23. CLASS F. HELPERS AND ASSISTANTS. 
 
 1 . Any worker engaged in the industry who is not eligible 
 to join any of the foregoing classes may be admitted members 
 of this section, and shall be under the control of the District 
 Committee. Members of this section shall be entitled to benefit 
 in times of trade dispute and to unemployment and funeral benefit. 
 Any members may propose and second candidates for admission 
 under this rule.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION.. 1481 
 
 2. Candidates shall pay an entrance fee of Is. They shall pay Entrance fee. 
 4Jd. on the night of proposition (together with 4d. for a copy of 
 
 the rules), and 6d. on the night of admission. They shall pay a Contribu- 
 contribution of 4d. per week, and shall be in the Society twelve taon8< 
 months before being entitled to benefits hereinafter set forth. 
 
 3. Any member of this section leaving his situation by order 
 of the District Committee or Executive Council, or being locked 
 out for refusing conditions which are considered unsatisfactory 
 
 by those bodies, shall be entitled to dispute benefit at the rate of Dispute 
 7s. per week for fourteen weeks, thereafter 5s. per week for four- 
 teen weeks, and thereafter 4s. per week for twenty -four weeks. 
 Payments shall cease when the dispute is officially closed. 
 
 Unemployment benefit shall be paid at the rate of 2s. Qd. per Unemploy- 
 week for fourteen weeks under the conditions laid down in ment b 6116 ^- 
 Rule 25, if the member is entitled to State benefit. No member 
 will be entitled to benefit whose arrears exceed 3s. Arrears. 
 
 4. Upon the death of any free member, having joined before Funeral 
 the age of fifty-five, his nominee or next of kin shall be entitled 
 
 to receive the sum of 5, provided the said member's arrears of 
 contributions do not exceed the sum of 5s., but for any member 
 joining after the age of fifty-five years, 2 10s., as funeral benefit, 
 only shall be paid. 
 
 5. Members of this section shall participate in contingent and Levies, 
 legal assistance funds, and shall pay all levies imposed for these 
 purposes. 
 
 6. When unable to follow their employment through sickness Exemptions, 
 they shall be exempt from payment of contributions upon pro- 
 duction of satisfactory evidence to their branch, but shall comply 
 
 with the rules governing all other sick members, and, in the event 
 of losing or leaving situations under circumstances satisfactory 
 to the branch, shall also be exempt from contributions if unem- 
 ployed for six or more days, provided they sign the vacant book 
 .as directed by the branch. 
 
 7. They shall not be eligible for any office in the Society, except Rights re 
 the offices of assistant secretary, vice-president, and doorkeeper; 
 
 but they shall have the right of voting in all elections for branch 
 or general officers, and upon contingent and legal assistance fund 
 levies. 
 
 8. They must reduce their arrears below 3s. on the last meet- Fines for 
 ing night in June and December (in Australasia, March and arrears -
 
 1482 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Notice of 
 arrears. 
 
 Exemption 
 
 levy. 
 
 September), or be fined 6^. for each neglect. They shall be 
 entitled to a notice when their arrears exceed 6s., and should 
 their arrears exceed 9s. they shall be excluded. 
 
 9. In all particulars not specifically dealt with in one or other 
 of the clauses of this rule, members of this section are subject to 
 and must conform with the rules of the Society, and all fines 
 imposed for neglect of duty, &c. shall be imposed upon members 
 of this section to the same amount as in the case of other members 
 for similar offences. 
 
 10. Contributions of State approved members of this section 
 shall be paid by the Society whilst they are unemployed, to enable 
 them to continue entitled to State sick and disablement benefit 
 on payment of a levy of 6d. per quarter. 
 
 Rate of con- 
 tributions. 
 
 When 
 increased. 
 
 Subject to 
 vote. 
 
 Arrears 
 disentitling 
 to benefit. 
 
 Moneys paid 
 in advance. 
 
 Non-free 
 members 
 and arrears. 
 
 Unemployed 
 
 RULE 24. CONTRIBUTIONS AND ARREARS. 
 
 1. There shall be three classes, A, B, C, known as full members, 
 and they shall pay a weekly contribution of Is. Qd., Is. 3d., and 
 1,9. respectively; but, when the General Fund is reduced to 4 
 per member, the contributions shall be increased by such sum 
 per week as will sustain the funds at not less than that amount. 
 At any time when five per cent, or less of our members are unem- 
 ployed, the Executive Council shall take the votes of the members 
 as to the desirability of increasing the reserve fund by extra 
 contributions, and such extra contributions shall not continue 
 in force longer than twelve weeks without a second vote of the 
 members being taken. 
 
 2. Any member who neglects to pay on the branch meeting 
 night when he owes 10s. contributions shall forfeit all claim to 
 donation, sick, and superannuation benefits, until he reduces his 
 arrears below that amount, and keeps them below for four weeks 
 thereafter; and the representatives of any member shall, be 
 entitled to any moneys which the said member had paid in 
 advance at the time of death, plus the ordinary funeral benefit. 
 Any non-free member under thirty-five years of age, who allows 
 his arrears to exceed 40s., or over thirty-five years of age, to 
 exceed 50s., shall be excluded, but all non-free members must 
 reduce their arrears below 10#. one month before becoming free, 
 or be subject to the same conditions as free members. Should 
 any non-free member be thrown out of employment under cir-
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1483 
 
 cumstances satisfactory to his branch, and be unable to pay his non-free 
 contributions, they shall remain in abeyance until he again 
 obtains employment, branches to have a discretionary power to 
 grant an extension for the payment of arrears accrued; but in no 
 case shall he receive benefit until he has paid fifty-two weeks' 
 contributions, unless he is withdrawn from his employment, or 
 is involved in a strike or lock-out, and he must then pay contribu- 
 tions and levies. 
 
 3. All contributions owing by members after the books are when arrears 
 closed on ordinary meeting nights shall bo considered arrears, count - 
 
 and as herein specified will render members liable to penalties 
 under certain conditions. In case of claims for benefits, con- 
 tributions accruing from members between ordinary branch 
 meeting nights shall not be deemed arrears, but simply moneys 
 owing, and, together with arrears, if any, shall be deducted from 
 the first benefits they are entitled to. 
 
 4. Free members in receipt of benefit shall be exempt from Exemptions 
 payment of contributions in proportion to the number of days f 1 "?" 1 /.' 011 " 
 
 tnbutions re 
 
 they may be in receipt of the same. Members systematically short time, 
 earning wages for half the weekly hours of the district (through 
 slackness of work or systematic short time), or memb,ers who 
 may be suspended for holidays and who do not claim donation 
 benefit, shall be exempt from contributions, provided they inform 
 the secretary in less than two days from the close of each week 
 in which exemption is claimed. Members giving up their situa- 
 tions to seek employment in British Colonies or other countries 
 shall not be exempt from contributions, but members on travelling Travelling, 
 card going to or returning from employment to or from the 
 British Colonies or other countries shall be exempt from pay- 
 ment of contributions during the time of the voyage. Any mem- 
 ber having received the full amount of donation benefit to which 
 he is entitled, and whose benefit has terminated, shall be exempt Benefits 
 from paying contributions and levies until he again obtains 
 employment of any kind. But he must sign the vacant book, as 
 directed by the branch to which he belongs. 
 
 5. All levies must be entered on the contribution card as soon Levies when 
 after such levies are made as is practicable, but they shall not char # ed - 
 be charged until the end of the quarter during which they are 
 imposed, and shall then be charged in proportion to the number 
 
 of weeks members paying them have been paying contributions 
 B. VOL. ii. 40
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Apprentices 
 and levies. 
 
 When levies 
 count. 
 
 Members' 
 
 contributions 
 
 who have 
 
 obtained 
 
 benefit 
 
 improperly. 
 
 Refunding 
 benefit. 
 
 Contribution 
 card, pay- 
 ment for. 
 
 during the quarter. Non-free members during apprenticeship 
 shall be free from all levies except superannuation reserve levy. 
 Levies must be considered arrears of contribution, but shall not 
 exclude a member or disentitle him to benefits until the close of 
 the books on the following meeting night. But should any secre- 
 tary or auditor neglect to add any levies to a member's arrears 
 at the end of the quarter, such omissions shall not afterwards, 
 by special audit or otherwise, disentitle him to benefit. 
 
 6. If any member has improperly received any benefit, the 
 amount thereof shall, if not paid within fourteen weeks from the 
 date of receiving notice from the secretary of his branch, be 
 placed to his arrears of contributions; but if the amount to be 
 refunded exceeds 3 10s. the branch may grant an extension of 
 time to enable the member to repay the same. Any member 
 having to refund money through coming too soon on either dona- 
 tion, sick, or superannuation benefit, shall only be called upon to 
 refund in respect of the actual number of weeks' or days' benefit 
 which he ought, according to the rules, to have remained out of 
 benefit, and shall pay contributions only for such period; 
 the amount of such benefit shall not prejudice his claim to benefits 
 he may have afterwards received; but any member being placed 
 on benefit who through arrears of contributions is disentitled to 
 the same, and has not reduced his arrears below 10s., shall refund 
 the whole of the benefit received by him. This must be refunded 
 within fourteen weeks after he has received notice to refund, 
 and shall not be considered arrears of contributions until the 
 termination of that period; but should the member who has 
 moneys to refund declare on benefit at any time during the four- 
 teen weeks, he must clear off, from his own means, the full amount 
 of what he was called upon to refund, before he is entitled to 
 benefit. Any member having benefits to refund which he 
 has improperly received shall only be called upon to refund such 
 benefit with contributions, fines, and levies for the period in ques- 
 tion, and any subsequent claim for benefit shall be considered 
 and decided apart from any benefit he may have improperly 
 received. 
 
 7. Every member shall be supplied annually with a card (for 
 which he shall be charged Id., payable on the first quarter) on 
 which shall be entered his contributions and arrears; any member 
 losing or defacing his card shall be supplied with another, for
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1485 
 
 which he shall pay Id. A member's card shall stand as a state- 
 ment of his financial position, but the member shall be held 
 responsible for its regular presentation. In any case where mem- 
 bers' cards are not produced, the Society's books shall be decisive 
 in case of dispute. For the yearly report the members (except Yearly report, 
 those on superannuation and those on the lowest scale of sick 
 benefit) shall be charged 6d.; the same shall be placed against 
 them as arrears of contributions at the end of the September 
 quarter. 
 
 8. All members owing 15s. or upwards as arrears of contribu- Arrears, 
 tions shall be notified by the secretary (by circular), such mem- 
 bers to defray the cost of postage; their names shall also be read 
 and posted in the branch every meeting night by the president. 
 This shall be sufficient notice to all intents and purposes. Mem- 
 bers shall not be again notified unless their arrears have been 
 reduced below 10s. Members allowing their arrears to exceed Penalties and 
 26s. after having had notice as above mentioned shall be excluded, arrears. 
 Any member having been excluded for arrears may, if he gives 
 notice to the secretary of his intention to do so, appeal to the 
 committee of his branch within eight weeks after being notified 
 of the same, to ascertain if his exclusion is in accordance with 
 the 'rules. All free members must reduce their arrears below Arrears. 
 10s. on the last meeting night in June and December (in Austral- 
 asia in March and September), or be fined Is. for each neglect, 
 seagoing and registered members and outworkers going abroad 
 excepted. 
 
 Any registered seagoing member who has been away from any 
 port in the United Kingdom for not less than three months who 
 reduces his arrears below 10s. on the first branch meeting shall 
 after his arrival in any port in the United Kingdom be entitled 
 to immediate donation benefit upon establishing his claim to his 
 branch as provided in these rules. 
 
 RULE 25. DONATION BENEFIT. 
 
 1. Should any member be discharged or leave his employment When 
 under circumstances satisfactory to the branch to which he belongs, ei 
 -and not be disentitled to benefit in accordance with Rule 24, or 
 a non-free member (who has paid the whole of his entrance 
 money) be withdrawn from his situation by a branch, District 
 
 40 (2)
 
 1480 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 To what 
 entitled. 
 
 Length of 
 membership. 
 
 Committee, or Executive Council, and continue out and sign the- 
 vacant book for three consecutive days, he shall be entitled to- 
 benefit as follows: 
 
 Class A. 
 
 A member with ten years' membership will be entitled to four- 
 teen weeks' donation benefit at 10s. per week, and thereafter 
 thirty weeks at 7s. per week, and thereafter 6s. per week as long 
 as he is out of employment, but in no case shall he receive more- 
 than 19 18s. in any period of fifty-two weeks. Members under 
 ten years' membership and over five years' will be entitled to 10s. 
 per week for fourteen weeks, thereafter 7s. for thirty weeks, and 
 thereafter 6s. per week for thirty-four weeks, but in no case- 
 will a member of less than ten years' membership receive more 
 than seventy-eight weeks in succession, unless withdrawn by the 
 Executive Council, District Committee, or branch. Members 
 with less than five years' membership will be entitled to 10s. per- 
 Aveek for fourteen weeks, thereafter 7s. for fourteen weeks, and 
 thereafter 6s. per week for twenty-four weeks, when the benefit 
 shall terminate, unless the member is withdrawn by the Executive 
 Council, District Committee, or branch. 
 
 To what 
 entitled. 
 
 Length of 
 membership. 
 
 Class B. 
 
 A member with ten years' membership in this class will be- 
 entitled to fourteen weeks at 10s. per week, and thereafter thirty- 
 eight weeks at 5s. per week. A member with less than ten years' 
 membership and more than five years' will be entitled to fourteen 
 weeks at 10s. per week, and thereafter twenty-six weeks at 5s. 
 per week. A member with less than five years' membership will 
 be entitled to fourteen weeks at 10s. per week, and thereafter 
 fourteen weeks at 5s. per week. In each case in this class the 
 benefits then terminate unless the member is withdrawn by the 
 Executive Council, District Committee, or branch. 
 
 To what 
 entitled. 
 
 Class C. 
 
 Members in this class will be entitled to ten weeks at 10s. per- 
 week, thereafter twelve weeks at 5s., and thereafter fourteen weeks 
 at 2s. 6d. per week, when this benefit will terminate, unless the
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1487 
 
 member is withdrawn by the Executive Council, District Com- 
 mittee, or branch. 
 
 2. Any member who has made forty -eight hours (overtime Hours 
 included) in any week between Friday and Friday shall not be worked per 
 entitled to donation benefit between those days, and any member 
 claiming- donation shall be compelled to state to the branch the 
 number of hours he has worked (including overtime) in the week 
 
 for which he claims donation, and, failing to give a correct state- 
 ment, he shall be fined 5s. Any member commencing to Avork on Penalty, 
 a night shift shall be entitled to benefit for the day preceding Night shifts, 
 the night on which he may start work, provided he has signed 
 the vacant book, but shall not be entitled to receive for the day 
 on the morning of which he may cease work. In the case of young 
 free members being withdrawn from their situations through not 
 receiving the rate of wages laid down by their branch or District 
 Committee, they shall be entitled to donation benefit. If a mem- Outworker' 
 ber who has been working in a district other than that in which 
 the branch of which he is a member is situated, claims benefit, he 
 must produce a note to his branch secretary from the secretary of 
 the nearest branch to where he has been working, bearing out the 
 statements of such member, before such benefit can be paid. 
 
 3. The amount of benefit to which a member is entitled on Benefits, 
 claiming and sustaining claim to donation shall be determined as 
 follows: If he has had no benefit during the twelve months before, 
 
 he shall be entitled to full terms of benefit as laid down in 
 clause 1 of this rule, according to length of membership. If, 
 during the twelve months before, he has received full benefit of 
 10$. per week for any period short of fourteen weeks, or in Class C 
 ten weeks, he shall be entitled only to a continuation of such 
 benefit for a further period which will make up fourteen weeks 
 in Classes A and B, or ten weeks in Class C. If, during the 
 twelve months prior to claiming benefit, he has already had four- 
 teen weeks' full benefit in Classes A and B, or ten weeks in 
 Class C, he will not bo entitled to any further full benefit, but 
 to short benefit only. If, during the previous twelve months he 
 has had fourteen weeks' full and part of short benefit, or in 
 Class C ten weeks' full and part of short benefit, he shall be 
 entitled to receive short benefit for a further period which will 
 make up the number of weeks as laid down in clause 1, to which, 
 according to length of membership, he is entitled to such short
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Suspensions. 
 
 Annual 
 holidays. 
 
 Disqualifi- 
 cations. 
 
 benefit. Any member having received the full term of fourteen 
 weeks' full donation benefit in Class A or B, or ten weeks in 
 Class C, shall not again be entitled to full donation benefit until 
 he has worked for eight successive weeks at the trade at the 
 ordinary rate of wages of the shop or district in which he is 
 employed. 
 
 4. Any free member not disentitled in accordance with Rule 24, 
 who has not worked during the week more than a number of hours 
 (including overtime) equal to half the working hours of a full 
 week, being suspended for not less than three days for stocktaking, 
 breakdowns, or slackness of work, and having signed the vacant 
 book in accordance with the rules, or without signing it if he has 
 contagious or infectious sickness in his family, shall be entitled 
 to donation benefit. 
 
 5 . Members being suspended for holidays for a number of days 
 in excess of ten in any one year shall be paid donation benefit for 
 such days, provided they sign their own branch or district vacant 
 book according to the rules, if such district or branch vacant book 
 is open to them. The ten days in question shall be apportioned 
 by the District Committee, and the members may be paid for the 
 days of any holiday period in excess of the number allotted by 
 the Committee for such period, but no member shall be entitled 
 to less than three days' benefit at any one holiday period. Such 
 three days may be consecutive or days immediately preceding and 
 following a holiday. Immediately upon these rules coming into 
 operation the District Committees shall clearly allocate the holi- 
 days over the year. Any suspended member having signed th& 
 vacant book for twelve consecutive days prior to a holiday shall 
 be treated as discharged, and paid accordingly. 
 
 No member shall be entitled under this clause who has worked 
 systematic overtime in each of the four weeks immediately pre- 
 ceding holiday suspension. 
 
 6. Any member losing his employment through neglect of 
 work, drunkenness, or disorderly conduct, shall not be entitled to 
 donation until he has again been in employment at the trade 
 for eight consecutive weeks at the ordinary rate of wages of the 
 shop or district he may be working in, and any member leaving 
 one job to go to another under circumstances not satisfactory to 
 his branch, and not keeping it for six successive weeks, shall not
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN 8 UNION. 
 
 1489 
 
 be entitled to donation until he again obtains employment and 
 works for four successive weeks at the trade. 
 
 7. To prevent, as far as possible, any member from obtaining 
 donation improperly, the applicant must state to the secretary, 
 in writing, the cause of his leaving his employment within 
 twenty-four hours, and attend the branch meeting next follow- 
 ing to make his claim. Should he not claim within four weeks 
 from leaving work, he shall refund the donation paid him and 
 be disentitled to benefit until he again works at his trade. If 
 unable to attend through unavoidable circumstances, he shall make 
 the claim in writing, unless at the time of his discharge he was 
 on sick benefit, and then must claim donation benefit immediately 
 on his recovery. If any non-free full member who is on donation 
 or contingent benefit obtains employment, but loses the same 
 within four weeks under circumstances satisfactory to his branch, 
 he shall still be entitled to the benefit of which he was previously 
 in receipt. If a member leaves his employment for the purpose 
 of passing a Board of Trade examination for a certificate, he Board of 
 shall be entitled to donation at the conclusion of such examina- exaltation 
 tion, provided that he claims benefit within four weeks after leav- 
 ing his employment. 
 
 [Seagoing engineers upon leaving the ship to prepare for Exemptions, 
 passing the Board of Trade examination will be exempt from 
 payment of contributions and levies for six weeks from the time 
 of leaving the ship, but they must notify their branch secretary. 
 
 On receipt of notice in writing in accordance with this rule, 
 the branch secretary may pay donation benefit which may be- 
 due to any member of his branch if he is satisfied with the claim 
 pending the member establishing his right to donation benefit 
 before his branch.] 
 
 8. If any member by reason of private objections refuses work Forfeiture of 
 when it is offered to him, or neglects to apply when informed of donatlon - 
 a vacancy, he shall forfeit his donation until he again obtains 
 employment at his own trade and receives the ordinary rate of 
 wages for four successive weeks, unless he can show sufficient 
 reason for the refusal or neglect to the branch committee, or a 
 majority of the members present on the next branch meeting 
 night. If he is found in any way to be imposing on the 
 Society he shall forfeit his donation and suffer such punishment 
 as the branch or branch committee ma}* consider his case deserves.
 
 1490 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Giving 
 preference to 
 non- member. 
 
 Member 
 wishing to 
 travel. 
 
 Compelling 
 to travel. 
 
 Conditions 
 of travel. 
 
 Traveller 
 signing. 
 
 Bed cards. 
 
 Any member who is in receipt of benefit, and gives preference 
 to, or asks for a situation for, a person not belonging to tho 
 Society, shall be suspended from benefit for six months. If any 
 member gets a situation, or uses his influence in getting one, for 
 any person not belonging to the Society, without the consent of 
 the secretary and president, he shall be fined not less than 20s. 
 
 9. Any member in receipt of donation wishing to travel, shall 
 make application for a travelling card to the president or secre- 
 tary, and such card shall then be filled up in strict accordance with 
 the existing rules for that purpose. Branch committees, with 
 the .approval of their branch, shall have power to compel members 
 under fifty years of age on donation to use travelling cards, and 
 any member so compelled who fails to obtain employment in the 
 district within four weeks, must proceed elsewhere in search of 
 the same. The card shall contain the member's name, the amount 
 he has received as benefit, and the department of trade to which 
 he belongs, and must be sent to the General Office to be regis- 
 tered before being issued to the member. He shall call upon the 
 secretary of one of the branches at least once in two days, or, 
 failing to assign a satisfactory reason for neglecting this, shall 
 be disentitled to benefit for that time. Failing to obtain a situa- 
 tion within three months, he may deliver his travelling card or 
 certificate to the nearest branch secretary and sign the vacant book. 
 When any member who has been on travel six months arrives at 
 any branch, his case shall be investigated by the branch committee, 
 and the result of committee's finding entered on the card. The 
 secretary of the branch at which any member arrives when on 
 travel shall direct him to the place he considers most likely to give 
 employment. 
 
 10. Any member with a travelling card who stops in a town 
 where there is a branch more than one day, must sign the vacant 
 book, according to clause 2 of Rule 12, and give up his travelling 
 card to the secretary during such stay. Any non-free full mem- 
 ber who has paid the whole of his entrance money, and is not 10s. 
 in arrears, shall be allowed 8d. for a bed when on travel and in a 
 town where there is a branch, and, in towns where there are two 
 or more branches, payment for a bed for six nights. Each non- 
 free member shall produce a certificate showing the time when 
 it was granted, also the amount he may have received for beds 
 at all branches he may have called at; the secretary of each branch.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 must enter on such certificate the amount he has paid to the Certificates, 
 member in each case. Members who are disentitled to benefit, 
 desiring to travel, shall have a special travelling card as proof of 
 membership, with provision made for payment of contributions 
 into any branch. To prevent imposition the date and amount 
 of subscriptions received by members on travel shall be entered 
 on their cards or certificates. 
 
 11. When any member on travel obtains employment, he shall Notifying 
 within three days deliver his travelling card or certificate to the 
 secretary of the branch nearest to the place of such employment, 
 
 and pay his contributions into that branch; if he neglects to 
 deliver up his card or certificate within three days he shall be 
 fined 6d. for each day exceeding that time. When the secretary Return card, 
 receives the travelling card, he shall forward the same to the 
 Oeneral Office, and in American, Canadian, and Colonial branches, 
 to their respective Councils, within seven days, but if within 
 that period the member again falls out of employment, the secre- 
 tary may at his discretion re-issue the travelling card again to 
 the member. Should it be proved that a member in receipt of 
 donation, or on travel, does not exert himself to obtain employ- 
 ment, he shall forfeit the benefit. 
 
 12. A discretionary power shall be vested in the officers of Powers of 
 each branch to detain a member on travel for a short time for travellers, 
 investigation of his case by the branch committee, or if they 
 
 see a prospect of obtaining employment for him, subject to the 
 same conditions as a member in receipt of donation; but no mem- 
 ber on travel shall remain in a town where a dispute is pending. 
 Wherever a branch holds its< meetings, it is the duty of the branch 
 officers where practicable to see that there is sleeping accommoda- 
 tion at a reasonable cost for members on travel. 
 
 13. Any member leaving or being discharged from his employ- 
 ment must notify his branch secretary within twenty-four hours 
 in accordance with the following form: 
 
 To the Secretary of the Branch. 
 
 The - - day of , 19. 
 
 Sir, This is to inform you that I [left or was discharged from] Notice.
 
 149* 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 the employment of [firm's name] on the 
 account [state reason]. 
 
 Name . 
 
 Address 
 
 No. of Card 
 
 - day of 
 (Signed) 
 
 on: 
 
 Members must state whether they left or were discharged in the first 
 space, and the reason therefor in the space after " account." 
 
 Amount. 
 
 or 
 prces 
 advance. 
 
 Wage or 
 price reduc- 
 tion. 
 
 Extension 
 of hours. 
 
 Piece or 
 task-work. 
 
 Encroach- 
 ments. 
 
 RULE 26. CONTINGENT BENEFIT. 
 
 1 . Should any member be thrown out of employment from any 
 of the following causes, he shall be entitled to contingent benefit 
 at the rate of 5s. per week, probationary members 5s. and 2s. Gd. 
 per week for the Colonies and America, upon production of 
 evidence satisfactory to the Council; the application for the benefit 
 to be made to the branch within eight weeks. 
 
 2. Any shop or district strike for an advance of wages, or 
 for advance of piece prices or other improvement in the conditions 
 of labour, entered into with the previous sanction of the Council, 
 or members being compelled to cease work owing to disputes or 
 causes over which we have no control. While the Society in any 
 district may not be directly concerned in a trade dispute with 
 employers, our members refusing to work in association with 
 persons introduced to do the work of the men on strike, will be- 
 entitled to contingent benefit provided their action is approved by 
 the District Committee. 
 
 3. Any strike or withdrawal of members against a reduction 
 of wages, or against a reduction of piece prices, entered into- 
 with the previous sanction of the District Committee. 
 
 4. Any strike entered into or discharge of a member or members 
 in^resistance of an extension of hours of labour, or encroachments 
 upon existing conditions of overtime, or the rates paid for work- 
 ing away from the shop. 
 
 5. Any strike against the introduction or retention of piece- 
 work or task-work that is contrary to the regulations of the 
 District Committee. 
 
 6. Any strike or lock-out caused by the introduction of the- 
 two-lathe or other machine system, encroachment on the trade,, 
 or the introduction of labourers to do the work of mechanics.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1493 
 
 7. Any lock-out or discharge of members simply because they Membership 
 
 , J upheld, 
 
 are members of, or refuse to leave, the Society. 
 
 8. Any general strike or committee withdrawal, approved by innovations, 
 the Council, against the imposition of unjust or tyrannical rules 
 
 or conditions of labour. 
 
 9. Members discharged for acting as members of legitimate Deputations 
 shop deputations authorised, or afterwards sanctioned, by the 
 
 branch or District Committee. 
 
 10. Members, acting on instructions from District Committee, other cases, 
 refusing to do work coming from shops where members are on 
 
 strike, or refusing to work with non-society men. 
 
 11. Members in any shop who are compelled to take action Action taken 
 in conjunction with other trades, and who stop work before it ^ththers U 
 is possible to consult the District Committee or the Executive 
 Council, shall, in the event of their action being afterwards 
 approved by the Council, be entitled to contingent benefit. 
 
 12. No members will be entitled to contingent benefit who When not 
 at any time fail to obtain for themselves the ordinary wages or 
 
 other conditions of working, as laid down by the District Com- 
 mittee, of the shop in which they may start or be working, except 
 in cases where their position has been affected or changed by a 
 general advance of wages movement, as per clause 1 of this rule; 
 nor will any members be entitled for refusing conditions pre- 
 viously accepted by them, or 'which they have assisted to establish. 
 
 13. In case a member in receipt of contingent benefit obtains Member on 
 employment, and does not work for four successive weeks, or obtammg 
 loses such employment again while the strike or lock-out which employment, 
 occasioned his being on the benefit is in progress, he shall still be 
 entitled to this benefit. Delegation on the Society's business 
 
 shall not be considered as such employment. 
 
 14. No member shall receive contingent benefit for a longer Term of 
 period than fifty-two weeks. benefit< 
 
 15 . The case of any member which does not come under any Not other- 
 of the clauses of this rule, being recommended by his branch, w ^e dealt 
 shall be considered on its merits by the Executive Council; and 
 
 if a member is discharged on account of slackness, or other reasons 
 satisfactory to his branch and the Council, prior to and while a 
 general strike or lock-out is in progress, and is unable, owing 
 to such strike or lock-out, to find employment, he shall, on pro- 
 duction of satisfactory evidence, be entitled to contingent and
 
 14f)4 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 When 
 entitled. 
 
 Giving 
 notice. 
 
 Notice of 
 recovery. 
 
 Doubts 
 arising us to 
 sickness. 
 
 Amount 
 entitled to, 
 taking 
 previous 
 benefit into 
 account. 
 
 dispute benefit equal to that of a bond fide strike or locked out 
 member. 
 
 To all members entitled to contingent benefit under any of 
 the foregoing clauses the Executive Council shall order immediate 
 payment of this benefit. If this beinefit is refused by the Execu- 
 tive Council, it shall on request of a branch state its reason for 
 refusal. 
 
 RULE 27. CLASSES A, B, AND C. SICK BENEFIT. 
 
 1. Any free member of these classes not disentitled to benefit 
 in accordance with Rule 24, when visited by mental disease, bodily 
 sickness, or lameness (not occasioned by drunkenness, disorderly 
 conduct, or any disease improperly contracted), must, within two 
 days from the time of his indisposition, give notice to the secretary 
 in writing, according to the form placed at the end of this rule, 
 and shall then be entitled to benefit as laid down in this rule; if 
 he fails to do so, his claim shall only hold good from the day 
 preceding the actual giving of notice. The secretary shall order 
 the sick stewards to visit the sick member. The member on his 
 recovery must send notice in writing to the secretary within two 
 days, or be fined Is. No member shall receive benefit for less than 
 three days, and no member shall receive sick benefit for any day 
 on which he has done work. 
 
 2. If any doubt arises in the minds of the members of the 
 branch to which a sick member belongs as to the state of his 
 health, they shall appoint a physician or surgeon to examine 
 him, and he, accompanied by two members of the branch, shall 
 investigate the case, and give a certificate as to his state of health, 
 the expense to be borne by the Society. Should it be proved that 
 such member has been imposing on the Society, he shall pay all 
 expenses consequent on such inquiry, and such penalty as the 
 branch may deem necessary, even to exclusion. Should any mem- 
 ber in receipt of sick benefit refuse to sign, or cause to be signed, 
 the sick steward's book, or refuse to receive the visit of a physician 
 or surgeon, such member shall cease to be entitled to sick benefit 
 until he consents. Any member knowing of a member having 
 imposed on this benefit and not reporting the same to the secre- 
 tary or branch to which the sick member belongs, shall be fined 5s. 
 
 3. The amount of benefit to which a member is entitled on 
 injiking and sustaining his claim shall be determined as follows:
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 149;> 
 
 If it is found that he has received no sick benefit during the 
 twelve months before, and is otherwise entitled, he shall be 
 entitled to the full amounts as laid down in this rule and accord- 
 ing to duration of membership. 
 
 If a member in Class A or B of ten years' standing, and it is Amount 
 found that he has received full benefit in the twelve months before Jfjjjj^ tf 
 for a period short of twenty-six weeks, he shall be entitled to a member. 
 further period of full benefit which will make up twenty-six 
 weeks. If it is found that such member has received twenty-six 
 weeks in the twelve months before, he shall not be entitled to any 
 further full benefit. 
 
 If a member in Class A or B of less than ten years' and more if under 
 
 than five years' standing, and it is found that during the twelve J a 
 months before he has received full benefit for a period short of 
 twenty -six weeks, he shall be entitled only to such full benefit 
 for a further period which will make up twenty-six weeks. If he 
 has received twenty-six weeks' benefit in the previous twelve 
 months, he shall not be entitled to any more full benefit, but 
 only to short benefit according to scale. 
 
 If a member in Class A or B of less than five years' standing, if under 
 and it is found that he has received twenty weeks' benefit, he shall 5 years a 
 
 J . memoer. 
 
 not be entitled to any further full benefit. If it is found that he 
 has received full benefit for a period short of twenty weeks, he 
 shall be entitled only to a further period which will make up 
 twenty weeks. And, if the member of less than five years' stand- 
 ing has received twenty weeks' full and a certain period of short 
 benefit in the twelve months prior to claiming benefit, he shall be 
 entitled to short benefit according to scale. 
 
 On sick benefit terminating, no member shall be again entitled 
 to further benefit until he has worked for eight weeks at the trade 
 or occupation he was following prior to sickness, but shall be 
 entitled to exemption from contributions during the remainder of 
 his sickness. 
 
 4. Any member, not disentitled to benefit through arrears, sickness 
 being ill in any foreign place where there is no branch, shall, on Trhile abroad 
 producing satisfactory evidence of the same to his branch, be 
 entitled to his sick benefit from the time he is so left until his 
 recovery, but in all cases he shall send a surgeon's or consul's cer- Evidence. 
 tificate once a month to entitle him to benefit, except in the case 
 of the South African branches, which shall have discretionary
 
 1496 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Removal of 
 flick member. 
 
 Secretaries' 
 duties. 
 
 Sea voyage. 
 
 Member 
 discharged 
 through 
 misconduct. 
 
 False 
 declaration. 
 
 Times out of 
 doors. 
 
 power to grant sick benefit to members residing ten miles and 
 upwards from any branch, who are not in a position to claim 
 owing to distance, accidents, or sudden attacks of illness, but who 
 upon recovery give proof of such sickness, which may be accepted 
 as satisfactory evidence to entitle them to benefit. 
 
 5. Should a sick member's case be such as to require a change 
 of air, the member shall cause to be sent to the secretary of his 
 branch a note from his medical attendant stating the necessity 
 for his removal to the country. If the notice is satisfactory to 
 the secretary and sick stewards, he shall be at liberty to go, and 
 they shall likewise have the power to grant him one fortnight's 
 sick pay in advance if he requires it. Should he remain more than 
 a fortnight the secretary of the branch to which he belongs shall 
 write to inform the secretary of the nearest branch to where he 
 has removed, and, if practicable, he shall instruct the sick stewards 
 to visit him and pay him his sick benefit. But in districts where 
 there is no branch the member shall send a note to his own secre- 
 tary with information as to the state of his health, and shall do 
 so every fortnight he continues there; failing to do so he shall 
 forfeit all benefits until such time as he conforms to this rule. 
 The note aforesaid must be signed by a surgeon, or two respec- 
 table householders, who must give their addresses. Any member 
 being ordered to take a sea voyage for the benefit of his health, 
 shall be allowed to go on producing a certificate from a surgeon 
 recommending such a voyage as beneficial to the health of the 
 member, and shall be entitled to benefit during such voyage. 
 Secretaries may, if desired, send clearances for members on sick 
 benefit. 
 
 6. Any member shall be entitled to sick benefit, although he 
 may have been discharged from his employment for misconduct 
 and so not entitled to donation; provided that the ailment was 
 not brought about by misconduct, and that he produces medical 
 evidence thereof satisfactory to his branch. 
 
 7. Any member making a false declaration of sickness shall 
 refund all moneys received in such case, and shall forfeit all 
 benefits, except funeral benefit, for fourteen weeks. If detected 
 a second time, he shall be expelled from the Society. 
 
 8. Any member receiving sick benefit shall not be allowed to 
 be out of his residence earlier than 7 o'clock in the morning nor
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1497 
 
 ;after 9 o'clock in the evening from the first day of April to the 
 last day of September, nor before 8 o'clock in the morning nor 
 after 7 o'clock in the evening from the last day of September 
 to the first day of April, unless the branch decides that an exten- 
 sion of time would not be injurious to the member's case. 
 Branches outside the United Kingdom shall arrange these times 
 suitably to their seasons. Any member acting contrary to the 
 above shall not be paid for the days he so violates the rule. If 
 any member is proved to a branch or branch committee meeting. Member 
 to have been intoxicated while receiving sick benefit, or before " 
 sending in his declaring-off note, or is detected doing any kind 
 of work, he shall forfeit one week's sick allowance, or may be fined 
 not more than 2. Should any member, by persisting in stay- Ormiscon- 
 ing out after the proper time, or other misconduct, prolong his himself 
 -ailment or disease, he shall forfeit entirely his claim to benefit 
 in respect of any such ailment or disease until he is restored to 
 health. Any member so misconducting himself shall not be again 
 entitled to benefit until he has worked for twelve consecutive 
 weeks at the trade, and received the ordinary rate of wages paid 
 in the shop or district in which he may be working. 
 
 9. If any member through accident is rendered unconscious, Accident, 
 or is otherwise mentally deranged (the same not being caused by 
 misconduct), and he is thereby unable to send or cause to be sent 
 his declaration of sickness to his branch, or if he is on travel, he 
 shall, on the production of satisfactory evidence to the nearest 
 branch or branch committee, be entitled to benefit from the time 
 he met with the accident or was otherwise mentally afflicted. If 
 any member entitled to benefit falls sick or lame on travel, he 
 shall, on sending a declaration of sickness to the nearest branch, 
 be relieved in accordance with this rule. The stewards shall visit Sick 
 the member within twenty-f our hours of the receipt of his notice, 
 but if his case is dangerous and they are aware of it, they shall 
 visit him without delay. They shall, if the member requires it, 
 give notice to his relatives or friends, and, if necessary, he shall 
 be removed to his friends at the Society's expense; but in no 
 case shall more than 3 be allowed for that purpose. He shall 
 then be relieved by the branch nearest to his residence. The 
 stewards shall be paid all reasonable expenses for their attendance.
 
 1498 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Amount 
 entitled to. 
 
 Notice. 
 
 Class A. 
 
 A member in this class having a membership of ten years will 
 be entitled to 10s. per week for twenty-six weeks, and thereafter 
 5s. per week as long as he continues ill, making a total of 19 10s. 
 in the first fifty-two weeks. A member with five years' member- 
 ship and less than ten shall be entitled to 10s. per week for twenty- 
 six weeks, and thereafter 5s. per week for the next seventy-eight 
 weeks, when this benefit shall terminate. If of under five years ^ 
 membership, he shall be entitled to 10s. per week for twenty, 
 weeks, and thereafter 5s. per week for the next thirty- two weeks,, 
 when this benefit shall terminate. 
 
 Class B. 
 
 A member in this class having a membership of ten years will 
 be entitled to 5s. per week for twenty-six weeks, and thereafter 
 2s. 6d. per week as long as he continues ill. A member with five 
 years' membership and less than ten years will be entitled to 5s. 
 per week for twenty-six weeks, and thereafter 2s. 6d. per week 
 for the next twenty-six weeks, when this benefit shall terminate. 
 If of under five years' membership, he will be entitled to 5s. per 
 week for twenty weeks, and thereafter 2s. 6d. per week for the 
 next twenty weeks, when this benefit shall terminate. 
 
 Class C. 
 
 Members in this class will be entitled to 2s. 6d. per week for 
 twenty-six weeks in any period of fifty-two weeks, when this 
 benefit will terminate. 
 
 When State approved members in these classes are unemployed, 
 their contributions due under the Act will be paid by the Society, 
 thereby securing the full benefits under the Act. 
 
 FORM OF DECLARATION ON SICK BENEFIT. 
 
 Society. 
 
 To the Secretary of the Branch. 
 
 The - - day of , 19. 
 
 Sir, This is to inform you that I became on the day of 
 
 -, 19 , incapable of working at my trade on account of
 
 KULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1499 
 
 and I therefore request sick benefit on and from that date, not 
 having worked any portion of that day. 
 
 (Signed) - 
 Name . 
 
 No. of Card 
 
 NOTE. Any member claiming sick benefit must send a copy of this 
 form to the branch secretary within two days from the time of his indis- 
 position, or sick benefit will only be given for one day previous to that 
 on which the form was sent. This intimation must be entered in the 
 branch minute book, and read out to the subsequent branch meeting. 
 
 FORM OF DECLARATION OFF SICK BENEFIT. 
 Society. 
 
 To the Secretary of the - - Branch. 
 
 The - - day of , 19. 
 
 Sir, This is to inform you that I became on the day of 
 
 , 19 , again able to work at my trade, and was, therefore, on 
 and from that day disentitled to sick benefit. 
 
 (Signed) - . 
 Name . 
 
 Address - 
 No. of Card 
 
 NOTE. Any member in receipt of sick benefit becoming capable of 
 resuming work, and not sending a copy of this form to the secretary of 
 his branch within two days of such time, will be fined Is. for every day 
 or part of a day's neglect to do so. This intimation must be entered in the 
 branch minute book, and read out to the subsequent branch meeting. 
 
 RULE 28. MEMBERS SENT FOR IN CASES OF EMERGENCY. 
 
 1 . Any secretary on receiving notice from the General Secre- Men sent for. 
 tary, vacant-book keeper, any of the branch secretaries, secretary 
 of any recognised mutual aid, any registrar, or any member or 
 employer, that men are wanted in a particular district, shall, 
 immediately on receiving such notice, send any members in receipt 
 of donation or contingent benefit, or non-free members whom he 
 considers qualified and are out of employment, direct to the dis- 
 trict where such men are required; and the men so sent shall 
 
 B. VOL. n. 41
 
 ir,oo 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Removal f>f 
 tools. 
 
 receive their fares bv the most convenient route. 
 
 shall, 
 
 Travelling 
 expenses. 
 
 Penalties for 
 refusing to 
 remove. 
 
 in addition to their railway fare, be remunerated for any legiti- 
 mate expense to which they may be put in removing their tools 
 to and from the railway stations. No member's railway fare 
 shall be paid from one district to another when suitable men 
 may be obtained from the Society's books in the district where 
 such men are required. If they fail to obtain the situations, 
 and desire to return to the place from which they were sent, or if 
 they fail, to retain situations for three months (unless discharged 
 or leaving under circumstances satisfactory to their branch), their 
 fares shall be paid back to the Society. The travelling expenses 
 incurred shall not be counted as benefit, but must be repaid to 
 the Society by the member, provided he receives the fare from 
 the person by whom he is employed or was sent for. Any member 
 entitled to benefit shall, if sent to a situation in accordance with 
 the foregoing, be paid his travelling fare, although he may not 
 have been out of employment for three days; in no case shall 
 he receive more than 1 10s. Members on donation benefit who 
 seek and obtain employment for themselves in a district other 
 than that in which they are residing, shall, on producing bond 
 fide proof thereof to their branch secretary, be entitled to their 
 railway fares to the place where such employment has been 
 obtained, provided there are no suitable men there signing the 
 vacant-book. 
 
 2. Any member under fifty years of age who is on donation 
 benefit, refusing to remove to other places, shall be suspended 
 from donation, when the branch or branch committee shall at 
 once investigate the case, and decide upon his claim to donation, 
 and what other penalty, if any, shall be imposed. In no case 
 shall a member under fifty years of age refuse to go to, or start 
 at, a situation in which he will receive the usual conditions of the 
 district to which he is sent. Should any member receive notice 
 of a situation in any district where there is no branch, and the 
 same bo approved by the secretary and president (where it is 
 practicable to consult them), such member shall receive the same 
 benefit as those sent for in cases of emergency. Any secretary 
 neglecting to attend to this rule shall be fined 5s. for each neglect, 
 unless a satisfactory reason for the omission is assigned to the 
 branch.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1501 
 
 RULE 29. ACCIDENT BENEFIT. 
 
 1 . Any full member in Class A or B not in arrears more than Qualifica- 
 16s., who, by losing a limb, or having one disabled by accident 
 
 or otherwise, or through blindness, imperfect vision, apoplexy, 
 epilepsy, or paralysis, may be rendered permanently unable to 
 follow any of the departments of trade mentioned in Rule 1, 
 provided that it was not the result of intemperance or other 
 improper conduct, shall receive the sum .of 100, and a member in To what 
 Class C shall be entitled to 50, on the production of medical ei 
 or other testimony of such permanent disablement satisfactory 
 to the Executive Council. Any member receiving this benefit 
 must first sign, or cause to be signed, an agreement binding him- 
 self to refund the same should he afterwards resume work at the 
 trade, and in such event, if necessary, proceedings shall be taken 
 against him or his sureties to recover the amount received or any 
 portion thereof. Any free full member being permanently dis- 
 abled from working at the trade through any of the aforemen- 
 tioned causes, and not having been in the Society twenty-five 
 years or attained the age of fifty-five at the time of such disable- 
 ment, must accept this benefit in preference to any other. 
 
 2. Any member meeting with an accident, or being afflicted in Notice to be 
 such a manner as would entitle him to the benefit of this rule, lven - 
 shall give notice of the accident or affliction to the secretary, 
 
 who shall cause the same to be entered in the minutes as soon as 
 possible. The Council in all cases, if they consider there is a Entry of 
 probability of restoring him, shall have the power to place the 
 member under whatever professional man they may think proper, 
 the expenses to be defrayed from the accident fund. If declared Position of 
 incurable, the money shall be paid to him within eight weeks ^eivimr 
 of the decision of the Council entitling him to that benefit. Any benefit. 
 
 member having received disablement benefit since will not 
 
 be entitled to any further benefit, with the exception of funeral 
 benefit, for which he shall pay 2d. per week. His relations shall 
 not be entitled thereto if more than eighteen weeks in arrears, 
 and he shall be excluded when 5s. in arrears; but in all cases 
 he shall give notice to the secretary, at the time when he receives 
 the benefit, of his intention to remain a member under this pro- 
 vision. Those who received the benefit prior to must pay 
 
 >&Z. per week, and shall be entitled to sick pay if arrears are kept 
 
 41 (2)
 
 1502 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Certificate. 
 
 Recovery of 
 member. 
 
 under os., and their relatives to funeral benefit if arrears are 
 under 8s. at the time of death. They shall be exempt from pJl 
 levies except benevolent, and shall be excluded if owing 13s. 
 
 3. Any member claiming accident benefit shall produce or send 
 to his branch such medical certificates and other evidence relating 
 to his case as he is possessed of, and shall himself, unless incapaci- 
 tated by his ailment, attend the meeting and answer all questions 
 
 Investigation, put to him. The branch shall then investigate his claim, and if 
 satisfied as to its validity shall instruct the branch secretary at 
 once to apply to the General Office for a form of application, 
 which he shall fill in and return, together with all certificates 
 furnished by the member. He shall also give all the requisite 
 information on the case, and the Council shall, after receipt 
 thereof, decide whether the claimant is or is not entitled to the 
 benefit; and should the Council decide that he is not entitled, 
 they shall clearly state their reason for such decision. 
 
 4. Should any free full member meeting with an accident, or 
 being afflicted with any of the aforementioned diseases, be so far 
 recovered that he considers himself fit to work at any depart- 
 ment of trade mentioned in Rule 1, and resume work, but through 
 the effect of the said accident or affliction be compelled to leave 
 his employment, and evidence be given satisfactory to the Council 
 of his permanent unfitness for work, the member shall not be 
 deprived of the benefit of this rule. 
 
 5. Any member who, by reason of accident or affliction sus- 
 tained before he is free, becomes permanently incapacitated from 
 following his employment, shall have the whole of the moneys 
 he may have paid into the Society returned to him, and shall 
 then cease to be a member. 
 
 6. The amount expended in paying claims under this rule shall 
 be raised by levy upon all members not on any of the Society's 
 benefits. 
 
 7. Any free member, not disentitled to benefit in accordance 
 with clause 1 of this rule, meeting with personal injuries in the 
 cour,se of his emplpyment, or when going to his employment, or 
 returning from his employment, or in search of employment, or 
 engaged on the Society's business, will be entitled to legal aid to 
 get compensation for such injuries, and proceedings maybe taken 
 under any Act of Parliament which may be deemed best in the 
 interests of the member, and if any member meets with injuries 
 
 Non-free 
 member. 
 
 How fund 
 raised. 
 
 Legal aid.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1503 
 
 resulting in death, his dependants will be entitled to be legally 
 represented at the inquiry as to cause of death if considered neces- 
 sary by the branch secretary or a responsible officer of the Society. 
 The member meeting with such personal injuries may have the 
 cause of his accident inquired into by the officers of his branch ^ 
 and if the said accident shall have occurred so as, in their opinion, 
 to entitle him to compensation under any Act of Parliament, 
 the officers of his branch shall, with the consent of the Executive 
 Council, institute proceedings to obtain such compensation. Any 
 member or members having any deduction made in their wages, 
 or being dismissed from their employment for reasons which may 
 form good ground for legal assistance, may be assisted to recover 
 what may be involved in the case. The member, in the event of 
 legal action being successful, shall be required to refund to the 
 Society such expenses as may have been incurred on his behalf, 
 but he shall not be required to pay the whole amount of such 
 expenses if they exceed the amount received by him under an 
 award. 
 
 8. Any member, being a - , losing tools by fire or water, Loss of tools. 
 or any seagoing member losing tools or effects, shall receive com- 
 pensation for the loss sustained if it is satisfactorily proved to 
 the branch committee and Executive Council; such compensa- 
 tion shall be the amount required to purchase new tools or replace 
 those destroyed; but in no case shall a greater sum than 10 be 
 
 awarded. , when removing from one shop to another, shall 
 
 be allowed the cost of the conveyance of their tools when the 
 distance exceeds one mile, such expenditure to be submitted to the 
 first meeting of their branch for approval or otherwise. No mem- Arrears, 
 ber shall be entitled to the benefits enumerated in this clause if 
 more than 10s. in arrears, excepting seagoing members, who may 
 be 14s. in arrears. All compensation for losses embraced by this 
 clause shall be paid from the fund raised for accident benefit. 
 
 RULE 30. SUPERANNUATION. 
 
 1 . Any member fifty-five years of age who has been for twenty- Qualification, 
 five years successively in the Society, who is not out of benefit 
 through arrears, and who through old age or infirmity is unable 
 to obtain the ordinary rate of wages, or (in the case of members 
 who have left the trade) who is unable to follow his usual occu-
 
 1504 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 pation, and applies for superannuation benefit, shall state his 
 case to a summoned meeting of his branch. Should a member 
 be confined in a lunatic asylum or otherwise incapacitated from 
 claiming personally, his claim may be made by a wife or depen- 
 dent relative. Should a member having received benefit for 
 132 consecutive weeks or more make application for superannua- 
 tion benefit, he shall be entitled to such amount as he would have 
 been entitled to had he claimed on the date of declaring on sick 
 benefit. Should the meeting be satisfied with the validity of his 
 claim, the branch secretary shall furnish all evidence to the Execu- 
 rf -*^ i ^ ve Council, who shall have power to grant the sum of Is. per 
 week; or, if thirty years a member, 8s. per week; if thirty-five 
 years, 9s. per week; or, if forty years or upwards, 10s. per week. 
 
 Members in Class C, when not less than fifty-five years of age 
 with twenty -five years' membership, will be entitled to this benefit 
 at the rate of 5s., with thirty years' membership 6s. per week, 
 thirty-five years' membership 7s. per week, 40 years' member- 
 ship 8s. per week. 
 
 In the case of trade members going into Class C, the qualify- 
 ing time for superannuation shall count from the date of transfer 
 into Class C. 
 
 In the case of former machinist and any future members in 
 Class C transferring into Class A or B, two-thirds of the time 
 in Class C or former machinist section only shall count for 
 superannuation benefit. 
 
 Members transferring 'from Class A or B to Class C shall, 
 from the date of transfer, only be entitled to Class C scale of super- 
 annuation and other benefits, and members transferring from 
 Class A to Class B, shall, from the date of transfer, only be 
 entitled to Class B benefits. 
 When 2. Superannuation benefits shall be payable from the time when 
 
 entitled. * . 
 
 the member has established his claim thereto to the satisfaction 01 
 the Executive Council. If at any future time the evidence given 
 should be found to have been false, he shall be suspended from 
 benefit until his case is investigated and decided on by his branch 
 and the Council . In all cases wherein the Council may decide that 
 a member has not established his claim, they must furnish the 
 branch to which he belongs with particulars of such decision and 
 the reasons for the same. He shall be entitled to superannuation 
 benefit irrespective of any income he may derive from private
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1505 
 
 means, and no inquiry shall be made with reference to a member's Private 
 
 means. 
 
 private income. 
 
 3. A member whilst receiving the benefit of this rule shall not Not allowed 
 be allowed to work at any department of trade mentioned in 
 
 Rule 1. Should he do so, he shall not receive superannuation 
 benefit whilst so employed, and shall pay contributions and levies. 
 Am- such member, whilst working at the trade, being paid off 
 or falling sick, must notify the secretary according to Rules 25 
 and 27. 
 
 4. Any member having received superannuation benefit shall Other 
 never be allowed to receive other benefits except benevolent and 
 funeral benefits. But should any member fifty-five years of age 
 
 and for twenty-five successive years in the Society be permanent!}- 
 disabled from following his employment through any of the causes 
 mentioned in this rule, he shall have the choice of accepting either 
 superannuation or accident benefit. All members of societies 
 amalgamating with the Society shall date their entrance from the 
 time they joined their respective sectional societies, and members 
 thereof not already free shall stand in the same position. 
 
 5 . If a member in receipt of any benefit under these rules Parish relief, 
 obtains parish relief or becomes an inmate of any lunatic asylum, 
 
 his branch may, with the approval of the Council, pay the whole 
 or any portion of the benefit for any period that would have other- 
 wise been payable to such member, to his wife or any of his 
 relatives who are legally entitled to receive the same. 
 
 Superannuation Reserve Fund. 
 
 6. Each full member in Classes A, B, and C, except those Special levy, 
 whose benefits have terminated, superannuated members, and 
 members who have been refused superannuation benefit due to 
 continuous sickness, shall pay Is. levy per quarter for the pur- 
 pose of raising a seperannuation reserve fund; and a further sum 
 
 of 6d. per quarter may be imposed, if at any time the Executive 
 Council consider it necessary to augment the fund, but such aug- Council's 
 mentation shall be subject to the vote of the members, and shall P were - 
 not be imposed for more than twelve months without a further 
 vote being taken. Former trade members going into Class C 
 who are over forty-five years at the date of transfer shall not pay 
 superannuation levy, and shall not qualify for superannuation 
 benefit.
 
 1506 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 To what 7. All moneys raised by the above-mentioned levy and interest 
 
 accruing therefrom shall be invested apart from the general fund 
 of the Society. They shall be invested in Municipal Corporation 
 or County Council bonds, or on mortgage of freehold or leasehold 
 property submitted by our members, or in building and acquiring 
 club-rooms for the business of the Society in districts with over 
 2,000 members, the District Committee and members guarantee- 
 ing ten per cent, of the cost. In all such cases the moneys must 
 be invested in the names of the general trustees, who shall be 
 subject to the regulations provided by Rule 32. The rate of 
 interest, charged to members who borrow on the security of free- 
 hold or leasehold property shall continue at five per cent, for the 
 first five years if the money is borrowed on a twenty years' basis, 
 or until repayments corresponding to the same if the money is 
 being repaid on a scale based on a less number of years. After 
 that the rate of interest shall be four per cent. 
 
 The numbers only of borrowers from the fund shall be published 
 in quarterly and yearly reports. 
 
 For how long g. No part of this fund or interest accruing therefrom shall 
 be used for any purpose except re-investment until otherwise pro- 
 vided for by rule. A statement shall be furnished to the members, 
 through the quarterly and annual reports, of all accumulations and 
 transactions in connection therewith. 
 
 RULE 31. FUNERAL BENEFIT. 
 To how much 1. On the death of any free full member in Class A, B, or C, 
 
 j**1 j / 
 
 whose arrears at the time of death do not exceed 16s. (except 
 registered members whose arrears shall not exceed 50s., or those 
 provided for in clause 3), 12 shall be paid to defray his funeral 
 expenses in the case of Class A or B, and 8 in the case of 
 Class C. Notice shall be sent to the secretary, who, on the pro- 
 duction of the registrar's or surgeon's certificate of death, shall 
 give his order on the treasurer within twenty-four hours. After 
 such order has been received, he shall pay or cause to be paid to 
 Who entitled, the widow, nominee, or next of kin lawfully appointed to receive 
 the same, the sum of 12 or 8 (less any arrears or other money 
 owing), on receiving a stamped receipt for the same. The widow 
 or nominee of any other member shall, on the death of such 
 member, be entitled in like manner to the sum specified by the 
 rules.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1507 
 
 2. Each branch shall be provided with a declaration book, in Declaration 
 which any member can enter as his nominee (such nominee not 
 
 being an officer of the Society), the name of the person to whom, 
 at his death, the funeral benefit shall be paid in accordance with 
 sect. 10 of the Trade Union Act Amendment Act, 1876, as 
 amended by the Provident Nominations and Small Intestacies 
 Act, 1883. The particulars of such declaration or registration 
 shall be inserted in the clearances of members removing from one 
 branch to another. Any member shall be at liberty to change 
 the name of his nominee. 
 
 3. Any free member, if not more than 16s. in arrears (or regis- Wife's death, 
 tered member whose arrears do not exceed 50s.), shall, on the 
 
 decease of his lawful wife, on applying at the time specified, 
 receive the sum of 5 in Class A or B, and 3 in Class C, 7 
 and o respectively to remain for his own funeral expenses. But 
 any member having received funeral allowance previously or sub- 
 sequently to the amalgamation of the various societies, shall not 
 be entitled to receive an allowance for any succeeding wife, except 
 in the case of a member who has only received 3 or 4 for a 
 first wife, who may, if the second wife dies, receive as much as 
 will make up 5, leaving 7 for his own funeral. No member 
 shall have more than 12 or 8 respectively as funeral benefit 
 both for himself and wife. In every case in which the declaration 
 book has not been filled in and signed by a member, a certificate 
 of marriage or other proof of next of kinship must be produced 
 before this benefit is paid. 
 
 4. Should any member, being entitled to the funeral benefit, Dying when 
 die when on travel in search of work, and his friends be unable 
 
 to remove him to his proper home, the officers of his branch, or 
 the nearest branch to where he died, shall cause him to be decently 
 interred; the expenses of his funeral shall not exceed 7, and 
 should his widow, nominee, or next of kin apply for the surplus, 
 it shall be paid. In the case of any member dying, and therte 
 being difficulty in determining who is to receive the funeral 
 money, the branch shall pay the expenses of funeral, which shall 
 not exceed 7 ; and the residue shall be paid to the person legally 
 entitled.
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 General 
 direction*. 
 
 Branch 
 banking. 
 
 Banking of 
 
 branch 
 
 moneys. 
 
 Bond to be 
 drawn up. 
 
 Transfer of 
 papers. 
 
 Payment of 
 
 acting 
 
 trustees. 
 
 RULE 32. INVESTMENT OF FUNDS AND TRUSTEES' T)r ni.s. 
 
 1. All money subscribed or paid and all property acquired or 
 owned for the objects mentioned in these rules belonging to the 
 Society, or any part thereof, shall be vested as follows: All land, 
 machinery, and premises acquired for the general purposes of 
 the Society, and all money directly under the control of any of 
 its general governing bodies, or any general officer, shall be vested 
 in the general trustees of the Society and of such bodies for the 
 time being in joint ownership. All money under the control of 
 any branch or branch officer, and all land acquired. for the pur- 
 poses of any branch, shall be vested in the trustees of such branch 
 for the time being in joint ownership. 
 
 2. Each branch must deposit its monej r in the Post Office 
 Savings Bank or some other responsible public bank. All moneys 
 of each branch shall be deposited in the name of the Society, 
 and in the names of five trustees, the signatures of three, at least, 
 being requisite to the withdrawal of the same or any part thereof. 
 At the close of each meeting, if there be 20 or upwards in any 
 branch, it shall be banked by two trustees previous to the next 
 meeting night. Branch trustees shall not be allowed to hold any 
 keys of the Society's boxes. If a trustee should be elected as a. 
 key-holding officer, the branch shall appoint some other member 
 to hold his key of the drawer, wherein shall be deposited all 
 cheques, banking books, and other securities. 
 
 3. A bond may be drawn up, where this is practicable, between 
 the trustees, officers, and members of each branch, whereby the 
 trustees shall not dispose of any of the Society's money that 
 may be deposited in their names contrary to the true meaning and 
 intent of the rules of the Society. They shall, at any time when 
 required by the decision of a meeting of their branch convened 
 for that purpose, transfer all bonds and deliver up all moneys, 
 cheques properly signed, books, and other property of the Society 
 to the person or persons appointed as their successors, and autho- 
 rised to receive the same. Acting trustees shall each be paid the 
 sum of Is. when engaged in banking or withdrawing money r 
 except where it is absolutely necessary for them to lose time, in 
 which case they shall be paid at the same rate of wages as they 
 are then in receipt of, in addition . Acting trustees out of employ- 
 ment or on superannuation shall be paid the sum of Is., in addi-
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. l r > ( W 
 
 tion to any benefit of which they may be in receipt. No treasurer, 
 secretary, or money steward of a branch shall act as a trustee, 
 and no member shall be appointed trustee who has been less than 
 four years in the Society, except in new branches. Two trustees 
 shall deposit, and three withdraw, all money, and these trustees 
 only shall be paid for such transactions. 
 
 4. The Council shall, subiect to rights reserved to American, Council's 
 
 DO'WGrft 6 
 
 South African, and Australasian Councils, invest the funds of investment. 
 
 the Society to the extent of not more than 1 per member on the 
 
 security of Municipal Corporation bonds, or in the building or 
 
 purchasing of offices or premises for our own use, the investments 
 
 to be made in the names of and carried out by the general trustees. 
 
 Such trustees shall give a bond, duly and legally signed and ^trustees. 
 
 attested, for all money invested in their names, and shall hand 
 
 over to the Council all documents, books, and accounts held by 
 
 them in regard to such investments, to be kept in the Society's 
 
 safe. The Council shall in return give a due acknowledgment Central 
 
 of the receipt and safe deposit of the same. The Council shall 
 
 also open a central account at the Post Office Savings Bank or 
 
 some other responsible public bank (but not with any private 
 
 firms or tradesmen), in which shall be deposited the money of 
 
 the Society which may from time to time be under their control. 
 
 Such account shall be kept in the names of five trustees, who shall 
 
 act as general trustees for all property not vested in the branch 
 
 trustees. The general trustees shall be drawn from the London 
 
 branches. They shall be elected by, and remain in office during 
 
 the pleasure of, the members. The Council shall have power to Transfer of 
 
 instruct them to draw from the bank all or any portion of the moneys. 
 
 money standing to their account, or to transfer the account to any 
 
 other such bank as aforesaid. 
 
 5 . Should any bank or corporate body in which any part of Insecurity of 
 the Society's funds is invested be suspected of insecurity, the 
 Council, branch, or branch committee shall have power to order 
 
 the trustees to withdraw the same forthwith. 
 
 RULE 33. EQUALISATION. 
 
 1. There shall be an equalisation of the funds of the Society Council's 
 whenever the Executive Council may deem it necessary, in pro- * 
 portion to the number of members in each branch. The Council
 
 1510 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 How 
 remitted. 
 
 Australasian 
 branches. 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 shall authorise the debtor branches to pay the creditor branches 
 the equalisation money due to them in such manner, form, and 
 place as they may think best, and with the greatest security. They 
 shall also have full power to cause one branch to remit to another 
 branch, from time to time, whatever sums of money they may 
 deem necessary to meet the expenditure of such branch. Branches 
 shall in no case remit local bank notes for money so sent, and in 
 no case shall one branch be ordered to remit to another less 
 than 20. 
 
 2. Creditor branches banking their money in the Post Office 
 Savings Bank shall, when equalisation takes place, forward their 
 bank book to the trustees of the debtor branch, who shall cause 
 the required amount to be transferred from their own to the 
 creditor's bank book. The secretary of each branch which is to 
 receive equalisation money must forward to the secretary of any 
 branch ordered by the Council to pay money to it, the names and 
 addresses of three trustees to whom the money may be made pay- 
 able. All money to be remitted to or from Australasia shall be 
 remitted through the Executive and Australasian Councils. Every 
 trustee receiving money or correspondence under this rule shall 
 inform the secretary of his branch within three days after receiv- 
 ing the same, or be fined 2s. 6d. Any secretary neglecting to 
 write, and any officer neglecting to remit or receive money, accord- 
 ing to the orders of the Executive Council, shall be fined 1. 
 
 RULE 34. MEMBERS GOING ABROAD. 
 
 Notification. 1. Any member going abroad shall inform the secretary of the 
 branch to which he belongs, who shall then give the member 
 a certificate, and shall transmit in his next quarterly report to 
 the General Secretary a statement of the position in which the 
 member stands in the Society. Any member going abroad, or 
 any seagoing member, may register and still pay his contributions 
 if he thinks fit; and, if entitled to benefit at the time of leaving 
 
 Benefit. shall be entitled to benefit on joining one of the branches in the 
 
 country to which he may be going. 
 
 Going to 2. Should any registered member go to a country where a 
 
 branch exists, branch of the Society does not exist, he shall not, upon return, 
 have any claim upon the Society's funds if more than twenty- 
 six weeks in arrear, until he produces a certificate of health from
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1511 
 
 such surgeon as the branch may appoint, the expenses of the 
 same to be defrayed by the member. He shall then reduce his 
 arrears in conformity with clause 2, Rule 24, and it shall be four 
 weeks after such arrears are paid before he is entitled to benefits. 
 Should such a member pay, or cause to be paid, his contributions Contribution** 
 during his absence, in accordance with the said rule, he shall be aD *senf e 
 entitled to the benefit of the rules provided for funeral and acci- 
 dent; and, should he return, he will be immediately entitled to Position on 
 all the benefits of the Society. 
 
 3. Any member returning from abroad shall make application 
 to the secretary of the nearest branch, who shall write to the 
 General Secretary to ascertain his position in the Society previous 
 to leaving the country. He shall then be allowed fourteen weeks 
 to pay his arrears of contributions, and it shall be four weeks after 
 these are paid before he is entitled to benefit. Any member 
 allowing his arrears to exceed two years' contributions, exclusive 
 
 of levies, shall be excluded. His arrears shall, however, be posted Exclusion, 
 in the club-room three months previous to such exclusion. This 
 shall be deemed a sufficient notice. 
 
 4. Any seafaring free member being shipwrecked, or meeting Seagoing 
 with an accident or illness while following his employment, if 
 
 he is not more than 14s. in arrears, shall be entitled to sick benefit. 
 If not sick, and not in receipt of wages, he shall be entitled to 
 donation benefit from the time of such shipwreck or accident. 
 
 RULE 35. MEMBERS' CLEARANCES. 
 
 Any member working in a district where there is a branch Particulars, 
 twenty miles nearer than that to which he belongs shall inform 
 the secretary. The secretary shall then write to the branch from 
 which he came for his clearance, which shall specify when he 
 entered, his age on entrance, if a free member or not, married 
 or single, the department of trade which he entered as following, 
 in how much he is indebted, and what he is entitled to, and the 
 benevolent grants received. If he is not entitled to benefit, his 
 clearance shall state the reason. No member shall be compelled 20 miles' 
 to remove his clearance from one branch to another if working 
 within twenty miles from the branch to which he belongs. No 
 member shall be allowed to remove his clearance from one branch 
 to another to evade the investigation of a charge made against
 
 1612 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Clearance by 
 post. 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 First court. 
 
 Time of 
 second court 
 appeal notice. 
 
 Time of third 
 appeal notice. 
 
 Duties of 
 officers. 
 
 him. nor shall he be allowed to place his clearance in a branch 
 which numbers more than 300 members if there is a branch in 
 the district having less than that number, and no member shall 
 be allowed to rnmove his clearance from one branch to another 
 for the purpose of receiving benefit sooner than he otherwise, 
 would have done had he remained in his own branch. All clear- 
 ances shall be sent through the post from one branch to another. 
 Any member not reporting himself within forty-eight hours shall 
 be fined 2s. Qd., and any secretary neglecting to attend to this 
 within seven days shall be fined 2s. 6d. 
 
 RULE 36. APPEALS. 
 
 1st Court of Appeal To the branch committee. 
 
 2nd ,, Summoned meeting of the branch. 
 
 3rd ,, Executive Council. 
 
 4th & Final Final Appeal Court. 
 
 1. Any member of this Society, or persons claiming on behalf 
 of a member, finding himself or themselves aggrieved, or having 
 any complaint against the officers or members, or being excluded 
 for arrears or benefits improperly received, must first appeal to 
 the committee of his branch for redress within eight weeks from 
 the date of the dispute, or from the date of his exclusion. All 
 such appeals must be made in writing. If not satisfied, he or 
 they must then appeal within four weeks to a summoned meet- 
 ing of the branch, provided the appellant had at least seven days' 
 notice of such meeting, and, if he or they do not receive satis- 
 faction, the appeal must then be made to the Executive Council, 
 if notice in writing be given to the branch secretary, and such 
 appeal be made within fourteen weeks from the date of the deci- 
 sion of the branch. No appeal shall be ruled out of date through 
 the neglect of any secretary, and no appeal shall be dealt with 
 by any tribunal in the Society unless such appeal has been sub- 
 mitted to the members, branch committee, or Council concerned 
 therein, with a view to their answering the same. All documents 
 concerning the appeal must be read to the meeting by the presi- 
 dent, and the secretary shall then attach the seal before sending 
 them to the Council. The branch secretary shall furnish no other 
 evidence than that heard before the branch, and shall submit the 
 same to the branch before sending it to the Council. And in all
 
 RULES OF A WORKMENS UNION. 
 
 cases of appeal the reasons upon which decisions of the Council 
 are founded shall be given to the appellant in detail, and such 
 decision shall be final, unless reversed by the Final Appeal Court 
 meeting. 
 
 2. Any branch or member feeling aggrieved with the decision Time of final 
 of the Council, after the reasons for such decision have been appea 
 given to the branch or member, may appeal to the Final Appeal 
 
 Court meeting. All such appeals must be made in writing and 
 lodged at the General Office four weeks before the Final Appeal 
 Court meeting assembles. All appeals to be submitted to the 
 Final Appeal Court shall be the same as submitted to Executive 
 Council, no fresh matter to be given by either the said Council 
 or the appellant. 
 
 3. All charges made by one member against another must be Charges in 
 made in writing, and if any charge on investigation turns out 
 
 to be made through malice and without foundation, the member 
 
 preferring such charge shall be liable to exclusion or such other 
 
 punishment as the case deserves. Should it be proved that any 
 
 member has given false evidence or withheld information which 
 
 would have facilitated the ends of justice, he shall be liable to 
 
 exclusion or such other punishment as the case deserves. In the 
 
 event of the member making the charge, or the one against whom 
 
 the charge is made, not being able to attend through sickness, or 
 
 other unavoidable circumstances (the same to be satisfactorily 
 
 proved to the branch committee, or, if not so, the member to be 
 
 fined the expenses of the meeting), the investigation shall be 
 
 postponed until another occasion. All charges against members 
 
 shall be investigated by the branch to which the member charged 
 
 belongs, except as provided in Rule 13, clause 12. Any branch Evidence and 
 
 dissatisfied with the conduct of the member of another branch clause^ 
 
 may appeal to the Council for redress, and in all cases where 
 
 members are summoned to give evidence, this clause shall be read 
 
 over to them before their evidence is taken. 
 
 RULE 37. NEW BRANCHES. 
 
 1. Any number of persons, not being less than twelve, who are Initiation, 
 following any of the trades mentioned in Rule 1, and who are 
 desirous of forming a branch of the Society, may apply to the 
 nearest branch, or to the Council, and state their age, how long
 
 1514 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Council's 
 powers. 
 
 Continuance 
 of branches. 
 
 they have worked at the trade, and other particulars. Any branch 
 applied to as above shall send to the Council the number of men 
 working at the above-named trades, and all other necessary infor- 
 mation. Should the Council decide that a branch shall be opened 
 at any spoof fiod place, they shall adopt such measures as they 
 may think necessary in accordance with Rule 14, clause 9, to carry 
 the same into effect. Persons entering a new branch shall be 
 subject to the same rules and regulations as persons entering 
 other branches. The Council shall decide upon the propriety 
 of continuing branches with not more than ten members; and in 
 large towns where branches are in close proximity, and do not 
 contain upwards of 100 members, the Council shall have power 
 to form two of suoh branches into one, or three into two, as they 
 may decide. 
 
 2. Branches which have not been in existence four years shall 
 be considered new branches. 
 
 Penalties for 
 asking for. 
 
 Paid through 
 pay office. 
 
 Powers and 
 duties of 
 committee. 
 
 Penalties for 
 not sharing 1 . 
 
 RULE 38. PIECE- WORK. 
 
 1. If any member asks for or takes work by contract or piece- 
 work contrary to the conditions here following, from any firm 
 or factory where piece or contract work does not at present exist, 
 and the same is proved to the satisfaction of the District Com- 
 mittee, he shall for the first offence be fined 20s., for the second 
 40s., and for the third be expelled from the Society. Piece-work, 
 however, may be worked subject to the conditions here following, 
 provided that the minimum rate of wages of the district is fully 
 guaranteed by the firm introducing it. 
 
 2. All members engaged on piece-work shall, as far as possible, 
 make it imperative that they shall be paid through the pay office, 
 and not by a piece-master. Where this is not possible they shall, 
 upon the request of their branch or the District Committee, pro- 
 duce their pay sheet. District Committees shall see that members 
 have a proper rated wage guaranteed, apart altogether from piece 
 prices, and in cases where members are working piece-work, the 
 District Committee shall draw up rules by which it shall be 
 governed, so as to protect our members against the action of 
 employers who seek to interfere with the minimum wages of the 
 district. 
 
 3. Any member taking work by the piece or contract, and not
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1515 
 
 sharing equally in proportion to his wages any surplus made 
 over and above the weekly wages paid to members and other 
 persons working on the job, shall be summoned before his branch 
 or branch committee, and if he does not comply witli the above 
 regulation he shall be fined in the first instance 20s., in the 
 second 40s., and in the third instance be excluded, subject to 
 the approval of the Council. 
 
 4. Any member found to be using his influence to discharge, Penalties for 
 or cause to be discharged or suspended, men working on any piece 
 
 or contract job, who are in receipt of the ordinary rates or wages 
 of the district, and substituting boy labour or cheaper labour in 
 their place for the purpose of making surpluses over and above 
 the rate of the day wages of the district, shall for the first offence 
 be fined 40s., for the second 60s., and for the third be excluded; 
 such penalties, with the reason therefor, shall be posted in a 
 conspicuous place in all the clubrooms of the district; and the 
 District Committee secretary shall furnish each branch secretary 
 with the necessary information. 
 
 5. Any member working for or under any piece-master, and Penalties for 
 not receiving an equal share in proportion to his wages of any, under pece- 
 surplus made over and above his weekly wages, shall be summoned master 
 
 contrary to 
 
 before the branch, branch committee, or District Committee; and, rule, 
 on his refusing to leave such employment he shall be fined for 
 the first offence 20s., for the second offence 40s., and for the third 
 offence be excluded, subject to the approval of the Council. 
 
 
 RULE 39. CONDUCT, OFFENCES, PENALTIES. 
 
 1. If any member is satisfactorily proved to have stolen the Enumeration 
 funds or property of the Society; to have been convicted by a 
 Court of justice; to have, with intent to deceive, tampered with, 
 falsified, or otherwise wilfully misused any books or other docu- 
 ments belonging to the Society; to have, contrary to these rules, 
 obtained possession of, or refused to give up when in his posses- 
 sion, any books, keys, papers, or other documents or effects belong- 
 ing to the Society; to have refused to sign or execute any cheque, 
 transfer, deed, or other document to which his signature or execu- 
 tion was required by these rules; to have refused to obey these 
 rules, or to comply with any order by them authorised, he shall Penalties, 
 be fined such sum (not exceeding 5) or suspended from benefit for 
 
 B. VOL. n. 42
 
 1516 
 
 TRADK UNIONS. 
 
 Misconduct 
 at meetings. 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 Misconduct 
 arising from 
 branch 
 meetings. 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 Misconduct 
 while on 
 benetit. 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 Conviction in 
 Court of 
 justice. 
 
 so long as the committee or branch meeting who have tried him 
 may think proper, or shall be excluded from the Society, and 
 forfeit all money paid by him thereto . 
 
 2. Any member causing a quarrel, swearing, or using abusive 
 language in any of the Society's meetings shall be fined 2s. Qd. 
 Any member not obeying the president when called to order three 
 times shall be fined Is., the total fines not to exceed 5s., and 
 should he continue disorderly, he shall be expelled from the room 
 for that evening, by force if necessary. Any member introducing 
 topics not consonant with the Society's business shall be fined 
 Is. Whenever any motion has been decided upon, no one shall be 
 allowed to speak upon the subject any longer. Any member 
 refusing to pay the fine, or any member conniving at or endeavour- 
 ing to vindicate the conduct of a member having so offended, shall 
 be fined 2s. Qd. If the member's conduct is of a very aggravated 
 nature, the branch may impose a fine of not more than 20s. 
 
 3. If any member censures another outside the Society's rooms 
 for giving his opinion at any of its meetings, he shall be fined 
 Is. for each offence. Any member upbraiding another for receiv- 
 ing any of the benefits shall be fined 2s. 6d. for each offence. 
 Any member divulging anything relating to the Society's busi- 
 ness, except to a member, shall be fined 5s. Should any member 
 strike another he shall be fined 5s. for each offence. Should any 
 member upbraid another for leaving a situation and returning to 
 it again (if he has done so to the satisfaction of his branch), he 
 shall for each offence be fined Is. 
 
 4. Any member charged with disorderly conduct while on dona- 
 tion, sick, or superannuation benefit shall be summoned before the 
 branch or branch committee, and, if the charge is proved, be 
 liable to such penalties as the nature of the case demands. Any 
 member finding fault with a member's conduct while on donation, 
 sick, or superannuation benefit, and not reporting him to the presi- 
 dent or secretary of the branch to which he belongs, shall be 
 fined 5s. 
 
 5. Any member being convicted by a Court of justice shall 
 be liable to exclusion or such suspension as the branch to which 
 he belongs may deem fit. Should it be proved to the Council 
 at any time that such a member was wrongfully convicted he shall 
 be reinstated, but shall pay the whole of his arrears, for which 
 the branch shall grant him a reasonable time.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 6. All fines by this rule or elsewhere by these rules imposed Penalties, by 
 shall be inflicted, if relating to branch matters, by the branch i m p 08 ed. 
 secretary, and failing him by the branch president. If the branch 
 secretary and president fail to impose any fine when due, they 
 
 shall each be liable to a fine of Is. 
 
 7. All fines by this rule or elsewhere by these rules imposed When fines 
 shall bo paid within fourteen weeks from the imposition of such p 
 
 fine, or if not then paid shall be treated as arrears of contributions. 
 
 8. The general trustees shall, under the direction of the Council, Prosecutions 
 prosecute, or, if more convenient, direct any branch or district a 
 
 officer or officers to prosecute, any member or other person sus- 
 pected by them of any offence legally punishable with reference 
 to the affairs of the Society; and they may themselves institute, 
 or if more convenient, may direct any branch or district officer 
 or officers to institute, civil proceedings against any member or 
 other person refusing to give up possession of any of the Society's 
 property or any branch property; or doing or neglecting to do 
 any act so as to render himself liable to civil proceedings in 
 reference to the Society's affairs, or the affairs of any branch 
 thereof. 
 
 9. No member shall call on or write to the secretary of any Calling on 
 branch or District Committee at the works where he is employed, improperly, 
 .under a penalty of 2s. 6d. for each offence. 
 
 Members Defrauding Each Other. 
 
 10. Any member receiving money to pay for another member, Neglecting to 
 or for a person proposed or desiring to be proposed to become a 
 member, and neglecting to do so on the first meeting night, shall 
 
 be fined 2s. 6d. for such neglect. He shall also be responsible 
 for the money paid to him, and the fines incurred, if any. All 
 .such cases shall be brought before the branch or branch committee 
 for their decision. No member so entrusting his contribution Penalties, 
 money shall have any claim upon the Society if thrown out of 
 benefit through the person entrusted with the said contribution 
 money failing to pay the same, but under such circumstances no 
 member shall be excluded. 
 
 11. Should any member refuse to pay money entrusted to him 
 .as above mentioned, together with the fine as before mentioned, 
 
 42 (2)
 
 1518 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Committing 
 felony. 
 
 lie shall be deprived of all benefit till the same be paid into the 
 Society. 
 
 12. Any member entrusted with money from the funds, and 
 misapplying the same, shall be deprived of all benefit until he has 
 refunded the amount, and shall pay a fine of twenty per cent, 
 on the sum so misapplied; such moneys to be paid to the money 
 steward on a regular meeting night. 
 
 13. Members feloniously taking the funds shall be expelled 
 from the Society and prosecuted according to law. 
 
 How Society 
 may be 
 dissolved. 
 
 Division of 
 moneys. 
 
 RULE 40. DISSOLUTION. 
 
 The Society may be dissolved by consent of nine-tenths of 
 its members voting in meeting duly summoned for the purpose; 
 or whenever the number of members is reduced to fifty by deaths 
 and by exclusions in conformity with the rules, a majority of the 
 remaining members may, in meeting assembled at the registered 
 office of the Society, finally dissolve the Society; and after dis- 
 charging all debts and liabilities legally incurred in the Society's 
 name they may divide the funds, if any, among the whole of the 
 members in equal portions. 
 
 RULE 41. REGULATIONS FOR CONDUCTING BRANCH MEETINGS. 
 Order in which the business of each branch is to be conducted. 
 
 1 . The meeting must be opened at the time agreed upon by the 
 branch, when the president or secretary shall call over the names 
 of those officers who are required to be in attendance, and shall 
 see that all fines are duly enforced for neglect or non-attendance, 
 and the president shall call over the names of those members whose 
 arrears exceed 15s. 
 
 2. The president shall inquire if any member has any person 
 to propose; if so, a proposition form, which will be supplied by 
 the secretary for that purpose, must be filled up, and handed to 
 the president. No proposition shall be received after the first 
 hour if there is other business to be transacted. 
 
 3. The president shall during that hour require the vice-presi- 
 dent or assistant secretary, in branches having one, to read over 
 the minutes of the previous meeting (if any); likewise a detailed 
 account of the branch's income and expenditure for the previous
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 fortnight; all bills of extra expenses, apart from benefits, also 
 shall be read over and passed by the meeting before being paid; 
 and, if necessary, the banking book or cheques shall be produced. 
 
 4. The president shall read aloud to the meeting the names 
 of those proposed, their age, profession, &c., after which they shall 
 be called into the room, asked the necessary questions, be provided 
 with a copy of the rules, and then retire. 
 
 5. The president shall then call over the names of those pro- 
 posed on the previous meeting night. He shall require the 
 proposer and seconder to state what they know of the candidate, 
 and shall obtain for everyone an impartial hearing. He shall 
 take the sense of the meeting (by ballot, if required by a majority 
 of the members present), as to their fitness for admission. When 
 all the candidates have been examined, he shall call over the names 
 of those to be admitted, who shall be brought into the room, and 
 placed before him. He shall ask them the necessary questions. 
 If they answer in the affirmative, they shall be formally admitted. 
 The president shall then read over to them the initiatory address. 
 
 6. Seagoing candidates may be proposed and admitted on the 
 same night, in cases where the candidate must sail before the 
 next branch meeting night, provided the branch where he is pro- 
 posed is satisfied as to his eligibility. 
 
 7. Claims for benefit, including donation, contingent, super- 
 annuation, benevolent, accident, and sick claims (if necessary) 
 shall next be entertained, after which all correspondence in con- 
 nection with the branch shall be read, and any other business 
 appertaining to the branch shall be entertained until the time of 
 closing the meeting. 
 
 Part II. State Insurance Section. 
 1. GENERAL. 
 
 1. Parts I. and III. of the National Insurance Act and the 
 schedules thereto, and all regulations, orders, and special orders 
 lawfully made thereunder, hereinafter collectively referred to as 
 " the Act," shall be deemed to be incorporated in these rules, 
 and anything in these rules inconsistent with any provision of the 
 Act shall be void and of no effect. 
 
 2. Except as otherwise provided in these rules, Part I. of these 
 rules shall apply to all members of the Society, but anything in
 
 1520 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Part I. of these rules inconsistent with anything in Part II. of 
 these rules shall be void and of no effect for the purposes of 
 National Health Insurance, and in particular no insured member 
 S. 76. shall be levied upon, fined, suspended, or expelled from the 
 
 Society, or pay any entrance fee or other charges, so far as regards 
 National Health Insurance, except under the provisions in 
 Part II. of these rules, and no insured member shall be deprived 
 of the right of voting on any questions and matters arising under 
 the Act except in accordance with the provisions of Part II. of 
 these rules. 
 
 2. OFFICE. 
 
 In the event of any change in the situation of the registered 
 office, notice of such change shall be sent within fourteen days to 
 the Commission approving the Society (or to the Joint Committee, 
 as the case may be) and to the Insurance Committee for every 
 county (or county borough) in which any insured member of the 
 society resides. 
 
 3. OBJECTS. 
 
 S. 23. In addition to all other objects of the Society it shall be an 
 
 object of the Society to be an approved society within the mean- 
 ing of the Act, and to transact business under the Act, and to do 
 
 S. 26 (i). all things required by the Act and by the Commission for the 
 purpose of so being an approved society, and of transacting such 
 business. 
 
 4. INSURED MEMBERS. 
 
 S. 1(1). 1. " Insured members " means all persons contributing for or 
 
 s ' 4 6 ' entitled to benefits under the Act, who are members of the Society 
 
 S. 49. for the purposes of the Act. 
 
 S. 30. 2. Any person eligible for membership under Part I., includ- 
 
 s - 34. ing a ny apprentice to the - trade of sixteen years of age 
 
 and upwards, who is entitled to contribute for benefits under the 
 
 Act, may apply to become an insured member of the Society if 
 
 S. 30 (i). not already a member of an approved society for the purposes 
 
 of the Act. 
 
 S. 55 (2). 3. Every application for membership shall be in the form at 
 
 s - 45 - the end of these rules, accompanied by such satisfactory evidence 
 
 of the age and nationality of the applicant, and that he is entitled 
 to become an insured person, as the Society may require.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 4. Whore a person has made such an application he shall be 
 deemed to have been admitted as a member of the Society, unless 
 the Society Avithin twenty-eight days after the date on which 
 the application is made give notice to the applicant of the rejec- 
 tion of his application. Any such application, or any such notice 
 of rejection, may be made or given by properly addressing, pre- 
 paying, and posting a letter containing the application or notice. 
 
 5. No application of any person to become an insured member s. 30 (2). 
 of the Society shall be refused solely on the ground of the age of 
 
 the applicant. 
 
 The Society may require any applicant for membership to pro- 
 duce his birth certificate and medical evidence as to the state of 
 his health, these documents to be furnished at the applicant's 
 expense. 
 
 5. CONTRIBUTIONS OF INSURED MEMBERS. 
 
 1. Save as expressly provided by these rules, the contribution Ss. 4 (1), 
 payable in respect of every insured member, whether an employed 
 
 or a voluntary contributor, shall be 7d. per week (hereinafter Schedule. 
 called the " employed rate "): 
 Provided that 
 
 (a) No such contribution shall be required in any week s - 10 ( 4 )- 
 
 during which the insured member has been in receipt Third 
 of sickness or disablement benefit, unless he has worked 
 during that week. 
 
 (b) Contributions paid in respect of insured members by S. 4 (2). 
 
 their employers or otherwise in manner provided by ' 
 the Act shall be deemed to be contributions paid by 
 the members under this rule. 
 
 (c) Contributions of an insured member under this rule shall s - 4 ( 3 )- 
 
 cease to be payable on his attaining the age of seventy ' ' '' 
 years . 
 
 2. (a) An insured member, being a voluntary contributor S. 5 (1) (a). 
 under the Act, who became an insured person before the 15th day 
 of January. 1913, and who was at the time of so becoming 
 insured of the age of forty-five years or upwards, shall pay con- 
 tributions at the rates specified in Table A in the hands of the 
 General. Secretary and branch secretary. 
 
 (b) An insured member, being a voluntary contributor under s - 5 ( l )-
 
 1522 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 the Act, who became an insured person on or after the 15th day 
 of January, 1913, shall pay contributions at the " voluntary rate " 
 as specified in Table B in the hands of the General Secretary and 
 branch secretary. 
 
 S. 5 (1) (*). (c) An insured member who, before becoming a voluntary con- 
 
 tributor, had been an employed contributor for five years or 
 upwards, shall pay contributions at the employed rate. 
 
 S- 6 (!) 3. An insured member who, having joined the society as a 
 
 voluntary contributor, becomes employed within the meaning of 
 the Act, shall nevertheless continue to pay the contributions speci- 
 fied in Table A or B, as the case may be, unless he gives notice 
 of his desire to be transferred to the employed rate. 
 
 S. 47 (4) (A). 4. An insured member whose employer is liable under sect. 47 
 or 53 of the Act to pay him remuneration during the periods of 
 sickness specified in those sections shall pay contributions at the 
 rate of 5d. per week, but no such contribution shall be payable 
 during any period of disease or disablement during which 
 remuneration is payable after he has given notice to the Society 
 of such disease or disablement. 
 
 S. 7 ( c ). 5- Every insured member shall at such times as the Society 
 
 may from time to time require, or as may be required by the 
 Commission, deposit with the local secretary his contributor's card 
 or other sufficient receipt for all contributions paid by or in respect 
 of him during the preceding period specified by the Executive 
 Council or by the Commission, and produce when required his 
 Insurance Book, and shall do everything required by the regula- 
 tions of the Commission. Any insured member who, without 
 sufficient reason given, deposits or produces at these times more 
 than one card or book, shall be liable to a line not exceeding Is. 
 
 6. Every insured member who is an employed contributor shall 
 report forthwith to the branch secretary if he has reason to believe 
 that the contributions payable in respect of him are not being 
 paid, and it shall be the duty of the branch secretary, if the Execu- 
 tive Council so direct, to forward the report to the Commission. 
 
 S. 4 (2). 7. The contributions of members who are employed contributors 
 
 under the Act must, unless paid by Parliament, be paid in the 
 
 Second first instance by their employers. Members will find in Table III. 
 
 Part I. a statement of the contributions which their employers may law- 
 
 fully deduct from their wages. 
 
 A member who is about to enter upon an employment by reason
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1523 
 
 of which he continues to be an insured person shall apply for a 
 contribution card to the branch secretary. A new card will not 
 necessarily be required merely by reason of a change of employ- 
 ment. 
 
 6. ARREAKS. 
 
 1. Where an insured member is in arrears he shall be liable S. 10. 
 to such reduction or suspension of benefits as is specified in these 
 rules and in the tables referred to therein. 
 
 2. If an insured member pays in any calendar year the whole S. 10 (5). 
 or any part of any arrears of contributions payable by him which 
 accrued during that or the preceding year, then after one month 
 
 from the date of such payment he shall be treated as if the 
 arrears so paid had never become due. 
 
 3. No account shall be taken of any arrears accruing 
 
 (a) during any period when the insured member is rendered s - 1 ( 4 ) ("" 
 
 incapable of work by some specific disease, or by 
 bodily or mental disablement; 
 
 (b) in the case of an employed contributor, at any time S. 10 (4) (e). 
 
 before the 15th day of July, 1913; 
 
 (c) during the whole of any period exceeding six mouths, s - 51 ( 2 )- 
 
 during which the insured member was an inmate of 
 
 and supported by an institution to which a certificate S. 51 (1). 
 
 of exemption has been granted under the Act; 
 
 (d) in the case of maternity benefit payable in respect of 
 
 the posthumous child of an insured member, during 
 the period subsequent to the father's death. 
 
 4. An insured member who, having been for less than five S- 6 (*) 
 years from his entry into insurance an employed contributor, 
 becomes a voluntary contributor, shall be deemed to be in arrear to 
 
 the amount of the difference between the aggregate contributions 
 actually paid by him and those which would have been payable 
 had he been a voluntary contributor from his entry into insurance. 
 
 o. If an insured member who is an employed contributor falls S. 10 (6). 
 into arrear through unemployment the Executive Council may, 
 if they think fit, at any time excuse any part of such arrears not 
 exceeding such part as would have been payable under the Act 
 by his employer had the insured member continued in his last 
 employment.
 
 1524 
 
 TRADK UNIONS. 
 
 S. 43 (2) (b). 6. An insured member who has previously been a deposit con- 
 tributor shall be deemed on joining the Society to be in arrear 
 to the amount of the estimated loss (if any) of the Society by 
 reason of his so joining, allowance being made for the reserve 
 value credited to the Society in respect of him. 
 
 S. 79. 7. If an insured member who is an employed contributor is 
 
 unemployed for a period exceeding twelve calendar months, the 
 branch committee shall decide whether his unemployment is due 
 to inability to obtain employment or to a change in his normal 
 
 S. 10 (1). occupation, in which latter case he shall cease to be treated as an 
 employed contributor and shall pay contributions as a voluntary 
 contributor. An insured member shall have the right to be heard 
 by the branch committee before the decision, and shall have four- 
 teen days' notice of the hearing. 
 
 S. 10(1). 8. An insured member whose contributions are in arrear for 
 
 more than twenty-six weeks on the average for every year since 
 his entry into insurance shall be suspended from all benefits, 
 and an insured member whose contributions are in arrear for more 
 than thirteen weeks on the average for every year since his entry 
 into insurance shall be suspended from sickness and disablement 
 benefit, but in neither case shall he thereby cease to be an insured 
 member of the Society. 
 
 s - 10 7). 9. The method of calculating the average amount of arrears 
 
 shall be that prescribed by the regulations of the Commission. 
 
 7. BENEFITS OF INSURED MEMBERS. 
 
 s - 8 (*) 1. Except as otherwise provided by these rules every insured 
 
 member shall be entitled to the following benefits: 
 
 (a) Medical benefit (members in Ireland excepted). 
 
 (b) Sanatorium benefit. 
 
 (c) Sickness benefit. 
 
 (d) Disablement benefit. 
 
 (e) Maternity benefit. 
 
 (f) Such additional benefits, if any, as the Society may give 
 
 under a scheme made by them and sanctioned by the 
 Commission under these rules. 
 
 S. 14 (1). 2. Medical and sanatorium benefits, and additional benefits in 
 
 the nature of medical benefit, are administered by the Committee
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. l-52r 
 
 for the county (or county borough) in which the insured member 
 entitled to them is for the time being resident. 
 
 All other benefits are administered by the Society, and all 
 applications relative to them must be addressed to the branch 
 secretary . 
 
 3. An insured member who, being an employed contributor, S. 15 (2) (). 
 was on the loth day of July, 1912, between the ages of sixty- S- 49- 
 
 five and seventy, shall be entitled to benefits in accordance with 
 Table F in the hands of the General Secretary and branch 
 secretary. 
 
 4. An insured member shall be suspended from benefits while s. 51 (2). 
 he is an inmate of and supported by any institution to which a 
 certificate of exemption has been granted under the Act. 
 
 Sill 
 
 5. No member shall assign or charge any benefit payable to him 
 under this rule. Any such assignment or charge is void. 
 
 8. MEDICAL BENEFIT. 
 
 1. Medical benefit means medical treatment (including attend- " ., ,L 
 ance, medicines, and appliances) or a payment in lieu thereof. 
 
 2. The right to medical benefit will not commence until the s - 8 ( 8 ) ^ 
 loth day of January, 1913. 
 
 3. No insured member will be entitled to medical benefit while s - 8 W- 
 
 S 81 (9) 
 resident temporarily or permanently elsewhere than in England, 
 
 Scotland; or Wales. 
 
 4. Notwithstanding anything in these rules an insured member S- 14 (*) 
 shall be entitled to medical benefit during a disease or disable- 
 ment caused by his own misconduct. 
 
 5. The right to medical benefit does not cease at the age of 
 seventy. 
 
 9. SANATORIUM BENEFIT. 
 
 1. Sanatorium benefit means treatment in sanatoria or other ' 
 institutions, or otherwise, when suffering from tuberculosis or such 
 other diseases as the Local Government Board, with the approval 
 of the Treasury, may appoint. 
 
 2. In order to be entitled to this benefit a member must be 
 
 O -i /% /O \ 
 
 (a) recommended for it by the Insurance Committee; and s ' 8(4) 
 
 (b) resident in the United Kingdom (unless temporarily resi- 
 
 dent in the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands).
 
 1526 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 8. 12 (2) (b). 3 If an insured member is receiving sanatorium benefit as an 
 inmate of an institution and has no dependants, his sickness or 
 disablement benefit, as the case may be, shall be paid to the 
 Insurance Committee administering the benefit. 
 
 4. The right to sanatorium benefit does not cease at the age of 
 seventy. 
 
 10. SICKNESS AND DISABLEMENT BENEFITS. 
 
 S. 8 (1) (e). I. Sickness benefit means periodical payments during illness, 
 
 commencing on the fourth day, and continuing for not more than 
 
 S. 8 (8) (b). twenty-six weeks; but no member shall have a right to sickness 
 benefit until he has been insured for twenty-six weeks and has 
 paid twenty-six weekly contributions. 
 
 S. 8(i)(rf). 2. Disablement benefit means periodical payments during the 
 
 S. 8 (8) (e). remainder of illness after sickness benefit has ceased; but no mem- 
 ber shall have disablement benefit until he has been insured for 
 104 weeks and has paid 104 weekly contributions. 
 
 S. 8 (i) (e). 3. An illness shall not be deemed to commence or continue 
 
 unless the member is rendered incapable of work by some specific 
 disease or by bodily or mental disablement. 
 
 S. 8 (8). 4. In the case of illness commencing before an insured mem- 
 
 ber is qualified for benefit, benefits shall become payable as soon 
 as he is so qualified. 
 
 S. 8 (1) (c). 5. An insured member shall send notice of illness to the branch 
 
 secretary of the Society, in the form laid down at the end of 
 this rule, as soon as possible after the commencement of the illness, 
 whether he is entitled to claim benefit in respect of the illness or 
 
 S. 47 (4) ( f). not, and shall not be entitled to sickness benefit until he has sent 
 to the branch secretary a declaration of incapacity for work, and a 
 medical certificate or other sufficient evidence of incapacity and 
 the cause thereof. He may also be required to deposit his con- 
 tribution card and insurance book with the branch secretary. 
 
 6. An insured member shall in like manner send to the secretary 
 a declaring off note as soon as he is capable of work and before 
 returning to work. 
 
 8.8(3). 7. These benefits shall cease when an insured member attains 
 
 the age of seventy. 
 
 8. The ordinary rates of sickness and disablement benefit shall 
 
 Schedule. De those specified in line 1 of Table I. appended to these rules.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 9. An insured member under the age of twenty -one years, who s - 9 ( 1 )- 
 is unmarried and has no members of his family wholly or mainly g^edule 
 dependent upon him, shall be entitled only to the benefits specified 
 
 in line 2 of that table. 
 
 Provided that, whore any such person being a member of an 
 approved society proves that one or more members of his family 
 are wholly or mainly dependent upon him, the Society shall 
 dispense with such reduction. 
 
 10. An insured member who became an employed contributor s. 9 (3). 
 before the 15th day of July, 1913, and was fifty years of age , ur !; h , 
 
 , ., Schedule. 
 
 or upwards at the date when he became an employed contributor, 
 shall be entitled only to the benefits specified in line 3 of that 
 table, and if sixty years of age or upwards at the date of becoming 
 insured, to those specified in line 4 of that table, unless in either 
 case at the date of claim 500 weekly contributions have been paid 
 by or in respect of him. 
 
 11. No member shall be entitled to these benefits while resident S. 8 (4). 
 elsewhere than in the United Kingdom, unless temporarily resi- 
 dent in the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands, but any member 
 desiring, while in receipt of benefit, to reside temporarily else- 
 where, may apply to the branch for permission, and if permission 
 
 is granted, these benefits may continue to be paid. 
 
 12. For the purpose of calculating the rate of benefit, any two S. 8 (5). 
 periods of illness in respect of which sickness benefit is paid, S- 47 '^' 
 unless separated by an interval of at least twelve calendar months 
 during which at least fifty weekly contributions have been paid, 
 
 shall be reckoned as one illness. This paragraph shall not apply 
 to a member who is entitled to receive remuneration from his 
 employer during sickness and who pays a reduced contribution 
 under these rules unless the doctor attending that member certifies 
 that the two periods are in fact one illness. 
 
 13. If an insured member, being an employed contributor, is S. 10 (2). 
 in arrear for four weeks on the average for every year since his 
 
 entry into insurance, the rate of sickness benefit shall be reduced 
 by sixpence a week, and a further reduction of sixpence shall be 
 made for every complete additional week for which he is so in 
 arrear, until it is reduced to 5s. a week, and thereafter the com- 
 mencement of benefit shall be postponed by one day for every 
 further week of arrears in accordance with Table II. appended to 
 these rules.
 
 1528 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 8 - 10 ( 3 )- 14. If an insured member, being a voluntary contributor, is 
 
 in arrear, his benefits shall be proportionately reduced in accord- 
 ance with Table 0. 
 
 S. 9 (4). 15. If an insured member, not having been previously insured 
 
 under the Act, becomes employed on or after the 15th day of 
 July, 1913. being then of the age of seventeen or upwards, and 
 cannot prove that his time since he attained that age has been 
 spent in unpaid apprenticeship or in the completion of his 
 education, then unless he pays the difference between the voluntary 
 and the employed rate or the capital value of that difference, his 
 sickness benefit shall be reduced in accordance with Table D; 
 but if such a member at any time so elects he shall be entitled 
 to sickness benefit calculated as if he had entered into employment 
 on his seventeenth birthday or on the 15th day of July, 1913, 
 whichever is later, and was in arrears for ail contributions between 
 that day and the date when he actually became employed. 
 
 S. 10(1), 16. If an insured member has been suspended from all benefits 
 
 on account of arrears and becomes employed he shall be entitled to 
 reduced benefits in accordance with the said Table D as if the 
 date of his so becoming employed was the date of his entry 
 into insurance and after the like waiting periods, but he may at 
 any time elect to receive in lieu of those benefits the benefits to 
 which he would be entitled if the period from his original entry 
 into insurance were taken as a whole. 
 
 S. 6 (2). 17. An insured member who, having joined the Society as 
 
 a voluntary contributor and having become employed, has given 
 notice of his desire to pay contributions at the employed rate 
 shall be entitled to sickness benefit only at the rate specified in 
 Table E. 
 
 18. An insured member by or on behalf of whom reduced con- 
 tributions have been paid in accordance with sect. 47 or 53 of 
 the Act shall not be entitled to sickness benefit 
 
 S. 47 (4) (a). (a) while his employer is liable to pay him remuneration as 
 
 therein provided, or 
 
 (b) during the first six weeks of any illness which commences 
 while he is temporarily unemployed, or while having 
 
 S. 53. ceased to be employed he is a voluntary contributor pay- 
 
 ing contributions at that reduced rate. 
 
 At the expiration of either period benefit shall become pay- 
 able, but for the purpose of calculating the rate and duration
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 thereof, it shall be deemed to have been already paid for six 
 weeks. 
 
 19. An insured member who has paid contributions at a reduced S. 47 (6). 
 rate in accordance with sect. 47 or 53 of the Act, and who becomes 
 
 a voluntary contributor, may give notice to the branch secretary 
 that he desires to become an ordinary voluntary contributor, and 
 may pay contributions at the full rate, and after paying twenty- S. 53. 
 six such contributions, or, with the consent of the Executive 
 Council in a particular case, any less number, he shall be an 
 ordinary voluntary contributor, and shall be entitled to sickness 
 benefit on the fourth day of sickness, but until that time the last 
 foregoing paragraph hereof shall continue to apply to him. 
 
 20. If an insured member is not a British subject, the sickness S. 45. 
 and disablement benefits to which he is entitled shall be those 
 specified in Table Gr. 
 
 21. Any member who 
 
 (a) returns to work without sending to the branch secretary S. 14 (2) (d). 
 
 not later than the same day a declaration off benefit; 
 or 
 
 (b) makes any false declaration as to incapacity for work; or 
 
 (c) attempts in any manner to impose upon the funds of 
 
 the society, 
 
 shall be liable to be suspended from these benefits for a period 
 not exceeding one year, and to be fined in a sum not exceeding 
 10s., or in case of repeated breaches 20s., or in case of fraud upon 
 the funds of the Society to be expelled from the Society. 
 
 22. A member in receipt of sickness or disablement benefit S. 17. 
 
 (a) Shall obey the instructions of the doctor attending him; 
 
 (b) Shall not be absent from home before 7 o'clock in the 
 
 morning nor after 9 o'clock in the evening from the 
 first day of April to the last day of September, nor 
 before 8 o'clock in the morning nor after 7 o'clock 
 in the evening from the last day in September to the 
 first day of April, and shall not be absent at any time 
 without leaving word where he may be found, pro- 
 vided that the branch or branch secretary may, if they 
 think fit, exempt the member from the operation of 
 this rule upon such conditions as they may impose; 
 
 (c) Shall not leave the town where he resides without the 
 
 consent of the branch secretary on medical advice;
 
 1530 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 (d) Shall not be guilty of conduct which is likely to retard 
 
 his recovery. 
 
 23 . Sickness and disablement benefit shall not be paid in respect 
 of Sundays, but one-sixth of the weekly sum shall be paid in 
 respect of each week day. 
 
 s - 9 ( 2 )- 24. If the sickness or disablement benefit to which an insured 
 
 member is entitled under this rule is more than two-thirds of the 
 usual rate of wages or other remuneration earned by such insured 
 member, the Executive Council shall have power (with the consent 
 of the Commission) to reduce such benefit and give to the insured 
 member one or more additional benefits of equal value, ascertained 
 according to Table H. 
 
 25. The branch secretary or person paying any benefit on behalf 
 of the Society shall take a written receipt for every such payment. 
 
 26. The Executive Council shall require an insured member 
 while drawing sickness or disablement benefit to send to the branch 
 secretary once in each week, or at such longer intervals as the 
 branch may require, a medical certificate or other sufficient 
 evidence of incapacity for work, stating the cause of such in- 
 capacity, and may require the member to submit to a medical 
 examination by a doctor appointed by the branch for the purpose. 
 
 S. 14 (2). 27. No insured member shall be suspended from benefit for 
 
 a period exceeding one year, except as the Act provides, and no 
 insured member shall be subject to any penalty or suspended 
 from any benefit on account of refusal to submit to vaccination 
 or inoculation of any kind or to a surgical operation, unless such 
 refusal, in the case of a surgical operation of a minor character, is 
 considered by the Executive Council, or, on appeal, by the Com- 
 mission, unreasonable. 
 
 FORM OF DECLARATION ON SICK BENEFIT. 
 To the Secretary of the - - Branch. 
 
 The - - day of - , 19. 
 
 Sir, This is to inform you that I became on the day of 
 
 , 19 , incapable of working at my trade on account of - , 
 and I therefore request sick benefit on and from that date, not 
 having worked any portion of that day. 
 
 Name . (Signed) - . 
 
 Address . 
 No. of Card .
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1531 
 
 FORM OF DECLARATION OFF SICK BENEFIT. 
 To the Secretary of the - - Branch. 
 
 The - - day of - , 19. 
 
 Sir, This is to inform you that I became on the - - day of 
 , 19 , again able to work at my trade, and was, therefore, 
 on and from that day disentitled to sick benefit. 
 
 (Signed) . 
 
 Name . 
 
 Address 
 
 No. of Card 
 
 1 1 . COMPENSATION CLAIMS . 
 
 1. An insured member who has received or recovered, or is s. n (i) (). 
 entitled to receive or recover, any compensation or damages from 
 
 any person in respect of any injury or disease, under the Work- 
 men's Compensation Act, 1906, or any scheme certified thereunder, 
 or under the Employers' Liability Act, 1880, or at common law, 
 shall be entitled in respect of that injury or disease only to so 
 much sickness or disablement benefit (if any) as is required to 
 make up the weekly value of such compensation or damages to 
 the amount of the benefit to which he would be entitled but for 
 this rule. 
 
 2. If the compensation or damages are recovered as a lump s. il(l)(4). 
 sum, the Executive Council may determine the weekly value of 
 
 that lump sum for the purpose of the preceding paragraph. 
 
 3. If a member unreasonably refuses or neglects to take pro- g u /^ 
 ceedings to recover such compensation or damages, the Executive 
 Council may either withhold payment of these benefits, or take 
 proceedings on his behalf at the expense of the Society. 
 
 4. Notwithstanding anything in these rules the branch com- s. n (3). 
 mittee may pay to an insured member who has been incapacitated 
 
 for work for a period exceeding two weeks, sickness benefit by way 
 of advance pending the settlement of any such claim, and, in the 
 event of the member not being entitled to such benefit, he shall 
 repay the advanoe, and the branch committee may recover it by 
 deductions from or suspension of any benefits to which he may 
 subsequently become entitled, or in any other lawful manner. 
 
 5. If an insured member enters into any agreement as to the 
 B! VOL. ii. 43
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 amount of any compensation payable to him in respect of any 
 injury or disease, or as to the redemption of such compensation 
 by a lump sum, he shall give notice in writing to the branch 
 secretary within three days, setting out the particulars of the 
 iigreement. 
 
 12. MATERNITY BENEFIT. (HUSBAND'S INSURANCE.) 
 
 8. 8 (1) (e). j Maternity benefit means the right of an insured member 
 
 of any ago on the confinement of his wife, or the right of the 
 widow of such a member confined of a posthumous child, to a 
 payment of 30s. in cash or otherwise. 
 
 8. 8 (8) (d). 2. A member will not be entitled to this benefit until twenty- 
 six, or in the case of a voluntary contributor fifty-two, weeks after 
 his entry into insurance, nor until the same number in each case 
 of weekly contributions has been paid by or in respect of him. 
 
 S. (8) (4). 3. A member will not be entitled to this benefit while he is 
 
 resident elsewhere than in the United Kingdom, unless he is 
 temporarily resident in the Isle of Man, or the Channel Islands, 
 or unless his wife is, at the time of her confinement, resident in 
 the United Kingdom. 
 
 S. 12 (i). 4. A member shall not be entitled to this benefit in respect 
 
 of his wife if she is an inmate of any of the institutions mentioned 
 in the rule relating to hospitals: 
 
 8. 12 (2) (ii). Provided that where any persons are dependent upon her, and 
 she is not herself entitled to maternity benefit, the branch com- 
 mittee may, if they think fit, pay to the insured member or other- 
 wise the whole or any part of such benefit for the maintenance of 
 those dependants. 
 
 S. 18 (i). 5. The wife (or widow) of an insured member in respect of 
 
 whom this benefit is payable must be attended in her confinement 
 either by a duly qualified medical practitioner or by a duly cer- 
 tified midwife, and shall herself select any person with either 
 qualification for the purpose. But if she selects a midwife, and in 
 pursuance of. the Mid wives Act, 1902, the midwife advises that 
 a duly qualified medical practitioner be summoned, the fee to the 
 latter, prescribed by the Commission, shall be paid by the Society, 
 and deducted from the benefit. 
 
 S. 18 (i). 6. The benefit shall be payable in cash or otherwise at the 
 
 discretion of the branch committee, and any part thereof may, in
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 the discretion of the local committee, be paid direct to the doctor 
 or midwife attending at the confinement. A member shall give 
 notice to the branch secretary of the confinement of his wife 
 within seven days after it has taken place. He shall also, if 
 required, produce a copy of the marriage certificate of the parties, 
 or such other satisfactory evidence of the marriage as may be 
 required, and a certificate signed by the doctor or midwife by 
 whom the confinement was attended. 
 
 7. Breach of any of these rules shall not disqualify a member S. 14(2)(/). 
 for this benefit unless the wife is herself a party to that breach. 
 
 8. In the case of an insured member who is not a British sub- S. 45 (2) (iii) 
 jcct the payment of maternity benefit shall be reduced in 
 accordance with Table G. 
 
 9. For the purpose of these rules, " confinement " means labour 
 resulting in the issue of a living child, or labour after twenty- 
 ight weeks of pregnancy resulting in the issue of a child whether 
 alive or dead. 
 
 The attention of members is called to sect. 19 of the Act, 
 which requires a husband receiving maternity benefit to make 
 .adequate provision for his wife to the best of his power, subject 
 to a penalty. 
 
 13. NAVAL AND MILITARY MEMBERS. 
 
 Subject to Part I. of these rules: 
 
 1 . Sailors, marines, and soldiers (Army and Navy artificers) S. 46 (i). 
 from whose pay deductions are made under sect. 46 of the Act, 
 
 shall be qualified to be insured members of the Society. 
 
 2. During the continuance of their service in the navy or army 
 such members shall be known as naval and military insured mem- 
 bers of the Society, and the employed rate for such members shall 
 be 3d., but they shall not be liable to pay any contributions 
 beyond such deductions from their pay, or any levy whatever. 
 
 3 . Naval and military insured members shall be entitled to S. 46 (2). 
 maternity benefit notwithstanding that both the member entitled 
 
 .and his wife are at the time of confinement outside the United 
 Kingdom, but shall not be entitled to any other benefits. 
 
 4. Naval and military insured members on discharge from their s. 46 (2). 
 service shall be ordinary insured members, and if they were not 
 insured persons before enlistment on the same terms as if they had 
 
 43(2)
 
 1534 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 S. 46 (4) (i). become insured persons on the 15th day of July, 1912, or on the 
 day of their enlistment, whichever was later. 
 
 14. MARINE MEMBERS. 
 Subject to Part I. of these rules: 
 
 1. - - in sea, river, or lake service and sea-fishing service 
 shall be qualified to become and be insured members of the Society, 
 and shall be known as marine members. 
 
 8. 48 (2). 2. A marine member while serving in the foreign trade shall 
 
 not be required to pay more than forty-two actual contributions 
 in any one year, and every four such contributions paid or pay- 
 able by him while so serving shall be deemed to be five contri- 
 butions for the purpose of reckoning his own but not his 
 employer's contributions and his arrears. 
 
 8.48(2). 3 p ne employed rate in respect of a marine member while 
 
 serving in the foreign trade shall be Qd. per week. 
 
 4. A marine member shall not be entitled to medical, sickness, 
 or disablement benefit during any period during which the owner 
 S. 48 (1). of his ship is liable under the Merchant Shipping Acts to provide 
 him with maintenance and surgical and medical attendance. 
 
 15. INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF FUNDS UNDER THE ACT. 
 
 S. 56 (i) (i). i jt shall be the duty of the General Trustees (hereinafter 
 referred to as the " General Trustees ") to receive from the Com- 
 mission from time to time such capital sums standing to the credit 
 
 S. 56 (2). of the Society in the National Health Insurance Fund as the 
 Commission may by law pay over to the Society for investment, 
 and to invest such moneys on behalf of the Society in their own 
 names, in such manner as the law permits, and in accordance with 
 the rules of the Society: 
 
 S. 56 (3). Provided that the General Trustees shall, if so directed by the 
 
 Executive Council, request the Commission to retain such sums 
 for investment on behalf of the Society, and shall from time to 
 time, with the consent of the Executive Council, direct the Com- 
 mission to invest or vary the investment of such funds in such 
 manner as the Executive Council may lawfully determine. 
 
 S. 56 (1), Provided also that, if at any time the Society so determines, all 
 
 proviso. capital sums standing to the credit of the Society in the National 
 
 Health Insurance Fund, and available for investment, shall be
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1535 
 
 transferred to the credit of the Society in the investment account, 
 and it shall be the duty of the General Secretary to give notice 
 to the Commission accordingly. 
 
 2. It shall be the duty of the General Secretary or such other s. 26 (4). 
 officer or officers as the Commission may approve, to receive from |* g* jjj' 
 the Commission from time to time all sums paid by them to the 
 Society for the purpose of providing benefits and for expenses S. 56 (4). 
 of administration, and all sums paid to the Society as interest 
 
 or dividends on investments held by the Commission on behalf 
 of the Society, and to receive all interest or dividends on invest- 
 ments held by them on behalf of the Society under this rule, 
 and to pay over to the General Trustees out of such moneys all 
 sums immediately required for the payment of the benefits to 
 which insured members are entitled under the Act, and for the cost 
 of administration of such benefits, and to keep in accordance with 
 the rules of the Society, all of such sums not immediately required 
 by the General Trustees for the purposes aforesaid: S. 36 (2\ 
 
 Provided that the sums so paid to the General Trustees for 
 expenses of administration shall not exceed the sums which may 
 under these rules be carried to administration account out of such 
 moneys. 
 
 3. The funds standing to the credit of the Society in the s. 35 (4). 
 National Health Insurance Fund, or invested on behalf of the 
 Society under this rule, and all interest and dividends arising 
 
 out of such funds, and all moneys arising from contributions under 
 the Act, shall be kept separate from all other funds and moneys of 
 the Society, and shall be used for the purpose of providing benefits 
 for insured members under the Act and for the cost of adminis- 
 tration of such benefits and for no other purpose. 
 
 4. Any receipts arising out of the business of the Society under 
 the Act whose application is not otherwise provided for under 
 these rules shall be carried to such account for the benefit of 
 insured members as the Executive Council may determine. 
 
 5. All sums received by the General Trustees or other officers 
 of the Society, unless invested, shall be kept at such banks or 
 otherwise, and the accounts thereof shall be operated on in such 
 manner as may from time to time be approved by the Executive 
 Council. The names of the General Trustees shall be sent by 
 the General Secretary to the Insurance Commissioners within 
 fourteen days of their election.
 
 1536 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 6. The Society will be entitled to be repaid any suras advanced 
 out of the funds belonging to, or raised under, the rules of the 
 Society for the payment of benefits or administration expenses, 
 such advances to be repaid by the General Secretary out of the 
 moneys received by him from the Commissioners, together with 
 interest thereon at such rate as may be credited by the Com- 
 missioners on the sums invested, or credited to the Society in 
 the investment account. 
 
 16. MEMBERS IN HOSPITALS, &c. 
 
 1. If an insured member is an inmate of any workhouse, 
 hospital, asylum, convalescent home, or infirmary supported by 
 any public authority or out of any public funds, or by a charity 
 or voluntary subscriptions, or institution approved for the pur- 
 S. 12 (2) (a), poses of sanatorium benefit, his sickness or disablement benefit 
 shall not be paid to himself, but if he has dependants the whole 
 or part of it may be applied by the branch committee after con- 
 sultation, when possible, with the member, in the relief or main- 
 tenance of his dependants, and the balance or part thereof may 
 be expended on surgical appliances or otherwise for his benolit. 
 
 S. 12 (2) (c). 2. Where an agreement for the purpose has been made between 
 the Executive Council and any hospital, asylum, convalescent 
 home, or infirmary supported by charity or by voluntary subscrip- 
 tions, and an insured member who has no dependants is an inmate 
 of the institution, the whole or part of any benefit to which he 
 would have been entitled but for the last preceding paragraph shall 
 
 8. 12 (2) (i). b e paid to the institution towards the maintenance of such mem- 
 ber, and the balance or part thereof may be expended on surgical 
 appliances or otherwise for his benefit. 
 
 8. 21. 3. The Executive Council may, notwithstanding anything in 
 
 these rules, out of the funds out of which benefits are payable 
 under these rules, grant subscriptions or donations, as it may 
 think fit, to hospitals, dispensaries, and similar charitable insti- 
 tutions, or for the support of district nurses, and sums so expended 
 shall be treated as expenditure on such benefits as may be pre- 
 scribed by regulations of the Commission.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 17. EXPULSION AND WITHDRAWAL. 
 
 1 . A member will be liable to expulsion on any of the following 
 grounds: Wilful and material mis-statement or omission upon 
 his application for membership, the making of any fraudulent 
 claim upon the Society, the repeated breach, or serious wilful 
 breach, of the Act or any rule of the Society, conviction for felony 
 or other criminal offence, or other immoral conduct or serious 
 personal misconduct. 
 
 2. Except for such misconduct as aforesaid no male member s. 28. 
 shall be expelled who by reason of the state of his health cannot 
 obtain admission into another approved society, and no member 
 unless the Society can prove that he has actually been accepted 
 
 for membership by another approved society offering equal 
 advantages. 
 
 3. All fines by this rule or elsewhere by these rules imposed 
 shall be inflicted, if relating to this part of the Act, by the branch 
 secretary, and failing him by the branch president. If the branch 
 secretary or president fail to impose any fine when due, they 
 shall each be liable to a fine of Is. 
 
 4. All fines by this rule or elsewhere by these rules imposed 
 shall be paid within fourteen weeks from the imposition of such 
 fine, or if not then paid shall be treated as arrears of contributions. 
 
 18. APPEALS. 
 
 1st Court of Appeal Summoned meeting of the branch . 
 
 2nd ,, Executive Council. 
 
 1 . Any member in this section of this society, or persons claim- 
 ing on behalf of a member, finding himself or themselves 
 aggrieved, or having any complaint against the officers or mem- 
 bers, or who may be excluded for benefits improperly received, 
 or otherwise, must first appeal to a summoned meeting of his 
 branch for redress within eight weeks from the date of sucli 
 dispute, or from the date of his exclusion. All such appeals must 
 be made in writing. If not satisfied, he or they must appeal 
 within four weeks to the Executive Council, if notice in writing be 
 given to the branch secretary. All documents concerning the 
 said appeal must be read to the meeting by the president, and 
 the branch secretary shall then attach the seal before sending
 
 1538 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 them to the Executive Council, and shall furnish no other evidence 
 than that heard before the branch. No appeal will be ruled out of 
 date through the neglect of any secretary. 
 
 2. Immediately upon the expulsion or withdrawal of an insured 
 
 s! 43 (i)'(ff). member the General Secretary shall give notice thereof to the 
 Commission, stating therein the name, address, and age of such 
 member, and the date at which such member became insured 
 under the Act. 
 
 S- 31. 3. If an insured member is expelled or withdraws from the 
 
 Society, there shall be transferred in respect of him to any other 
 approved society of which he may become an insured member or 
 to the Post Office fund, or otherwise dealt with in accordance 
 with the Act, such sum as the Act provides; but no such sum 
 shall be transferred to another approved society in respect of a 
 member who withdrew from this Society without the consent 
 of the Executive Council if the Executive Council prove to the 
 Commission that their consent was not unreasonably withheld. 
 
 4. If an insured member ceases permanently to reside in the 
 United Kingdom and joins a colonial or foreign society approved 
 for the purpose by the Commission, or a colonial or foreign branch 
 of an approved society, the like sum shall be transferred in respect 
 of him. 
 
 S. 33. 5. An insured member who has been an insured member of 
 
 the Society for not less than five years, and who has ceased per- 
 manently to reside in the United Kingdom, but has not joined 
 any such foreign or colonial society or branch as aforesaid, may, 
 with the consent of the Executive Council, become and continue to 
 be an ordinary member of the Society, and his transfer value 
 shall be dealt with in accordance with the Act. 
 
 6. An insured member shall have the right, subject to the rule 
 relating to disputes, to appeal to the Commission against any 
 decision expelling him from the Society. 
 
 19. SECURITY. 
 
 S. 26. The Society shall give such security in respect of the funds 
 
 arising out of the business of the Society under the Act as the 
 Commission may require.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1539 
 
 20. OFFENCES. 
 
 1. In the case of breaches of any rule in Part II. of these rules S. H (2). 
 for which no penalty is assigned, the branch committee shall have 
 power to inflict a fine or suspension of benefits; provided that an 
 insured member shall not be fined in an amount exceeding 10s., 
 
 or in the case of repeated offences 20s., and shall not be suspended 
 from any of the benefits under the Act for more than twelve 
 months. 
 
 2. An insured member who has been fined, and has failed to 
 pay the fine within four weeks, shall be suspended from benefit 
 until the fine is paid, but not for more than one year, and if the 
 fine is not paid before the end of one year may be expelled from 
 the Society. 
 
 3. An insured member shall have the right to appeal to the 
 Commission against any decision imposing a penalty upon him 
 or suspending him from benefits. 
 
 N.B. The attention of members is called to the following 
 provisions of the Act: 
 
 (a) If any insured member was at the time of joining this S. 34. 
 
 Society, or afterwards becomes, or attempts to become, 
 a member of any other approved society for the pur- 
 poses of the Act or a deposit contributor while still an 
 insured member of this Society, he shall be liable to a 
 fine not exceeding 10. 
 
 (b) If any member or officer of the Society, for the purpose s. 69 (i). 
 
 of obtaining any benefit or payment or the crediting 
 
 of a reserve value under the Act, either for himself or 
 
 any other person, knowingly makes any false statement 
 
 or false representation he is liable to imprisonment for s - 55 (5)- 
 
 a term not exceeding three months, and any reserve 
 
 value obtained by such mis-statement may be cancelled 
 
 and the benefits reduced accordingly. 
 
 (c) If any member refuses to give any information required S. 112. 
 
 by any Inspector appointed under the Act as to any 
 matter arising under the Act, he is liable to a fine not 
 exceeding 5. 
 
 (d) If it is found at any time that any insured member has been S. 71. 
 
 in receipt of any payment or benefit without being law- 
 fully entitled thereto, he, or, in the case of his death 
 his personal representatives, shall be liable to repay to
 
 1540 TRADK UNIONS. 
 
 the Commission, to the credit of the Society, the amount 
 of such payment or benefit. 
 
 21. ACCOUNTS. 
 
 The General Secretary shall comply with all regulations and 
 instructions of the Commission as to the accounts relating to 
 the business of the Society under the Act, and all such regula- 
 tions and instructions issued or to be issued are hereby incorpo- 
 rated in these rules. 
 
 22. ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES. 
 
 In the absence of anything to the contrary in these rules the 
 Executive Council shall be deemed the authority to incur expenses 
 for administration. 
 
 1. A separate account shall be kept showing the sums spent 
 by the Society in administration, and not more than the sum 
 allowed by the regulations of the Commission shall be carried to 
 the credit of that account out of tho contributions under the Act. 
 
 2. If at any time the administration account shows a deficiency 
 the Executive Council shall, in accordance with the regulations 
 of the Commission, forthwith declare a special levy upon all 
 insured members for the purpose of meeting such deficiency, if 
 not otherwise defrayed. 
 
 23. INSPECTION OF BOOKS. 
 
 S. 35 (1) (). 1 . The Executive Council shall cause the books and accounts 
 of the Society to be kept open at all reasonable times to the inspec- 
 tion of any member or person having an interest in the funds of 
 the Society, at the office of the Society, or at any place where the 
 same are kept, and it shall be the duty of the secretary to produce 
 the same accordingly. 
 
 2. It shall be the duty of the General Secretary to keep a copy 
 of the last annual statement of accounts of the Society and of 
 the last valuation, together with any report of the Commission 
 upon the audit or valuation, always exhibited in a conspicuous 
 place at the office of tho Society.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1541 
 
 24 . AUDIT . 
 
 1. The General Secretary shall, when, required by the Com- 
 mission, submit all accounts relating to the business of the Society 
 under the Act, together with all necessary vouchers, for audit to 
 an auditor or auditors appointed by the Treasury, and shall imme- 
 diately after the end of the Society's financial year, prepare and 
 submit when required to such auditor or auditors a general state- 
 ment of the accounts for the preceding year showing the income 
 and expenditure, funds, effects, and liabilities of the Society. 
 The auditors shall have access to the books and accounts of the 
 Society relating to the business of the Society under the Act, 
 and to all deeds and documents of title and securities for money 
 of the Society which may be required by them, and it shall be 
 the duty of the General Secretary to furnish forthwith all such 
 information relating to the affairs of the Society as the auditors 
 may require. 
 
 2. The General Secretary shall lay before the Society the 
 annual statement of accounts when audited, together with a state- 
 ment of the affairs of the Society during the year then past and 
 of their then condition, and any communication made to the 
 Society by the Commission upon such audit, and such statements 
 and communications shall be considered at the next following 
 branch meetings. 
 
 25 . RETURNS . 
 
 1. The General Secretary shall send to the Commission such 8. 35 (i) (rf). 
 returns of the income and expenditure, funds, effects and lia- 
 bilities of the Society, and of the number, sickness, and other 
 particulars of insured members of the Society, as the Commission S. 36 (3). 
 may require, showing separately the expenditure in respect of 
 
 the several benefits. 
 
 2. The General Secretary shall provide the branch secretaries 
 with a sufficient number of copies of the annual return, or of a 
 balance sheet or other document duly audited containing the 
 same particulars of the receipts and expenditure, funds, effects 
 and liabilities of the Society as are contained in the annual return, 
 for supplying gratuitously every member or person interested in 
 the funds of the Society, on his application, with a copy of the- 
 last annual return, or of such balance sheet or other document as
 
 1542 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 aforesaid, for the time being, and it shall be the duty of the 
 General Secretary to supply to every member without application 
 such annual return, balance sheet, or other document as aforesaid, 
 or a sufficient abstract thereof. 
 
 26 . VALUATIONS . 
 
 S. 36. 1 . Once in every three years or at such other times as the 
 
 Commission may appoint, the assets of the Society, being all 
 
 S. 3o (ij (b). the funds and credits of the Society under the Act, and the 
 liabilities of the Society to insured members for benefits under the 
 
 Ss. 36 (2), Act (including additional benefits and including the estimated 
 risks and contributions) shall be valued in such manner and upon 
 such basis as the Commission may prescribe by a valuer appointed 
 by or with the approval of the Treasury. 
 
 S. 35 (3). 2. It shall be the duty of the General Secretary as soon as may 
 
 be after such valuation to lay before the Society the abstract of 
 the results of valuation and any report made to the Society thereon 
 by the valuer or by the Commission. " 
 
 27. SURPLUS. 
 
 Ss. 37 (i) (e). 1- If upon valuation a surplus is found, then, subject to the 
 provisions of the Act, the Society may submit to the Commis- 
 sion a scheme prepared in such manner as the Society may here- 
 after determine for distributing out of such surplus one or more 
 of the additional benefits allowed by the Act to insured members. 
 
 S. 37 (i) (a). 2. If the Commission sanction such scheme the Executive 
 Council shall distribute such additional benefits as benefits under 
 the Act. 
 
 28 . DEFICIENCY . 
 
 Ss. 38 (i) (*), 1 . If upon valuation of the insurance funds and liabilities of 
 the Society in manner aforesaid a deficiency is found, the Society 
 shall submit to the Commission a scheme prepared in such manner 
 as the Society shall hereafter determine for making good the 
 deficiency in so far as it is not otherwise made good, but such 
 scheme shall not affect any member over seventy years of age, 
 or any member not an insured member at the time as at which 
 the valuation was made.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1543 
 
 2. On the sanction of the Commission being given to any such 
 scheme, that scheme shall, during its continuance in force, be 
 incorporated in these rules. 
 
 3. If a scheme so approved by the Commission involves a com- S. 38 (1) (#). 
 pulsory levy upon insured members of the Society, the Executive 
 Council may take steps to require all or any insured members 
 
 to pay the amount of the levy as a part of the contributions of 
 such insured members under the Act. 
 
 4. An insured member who, having been a member of the s. 38 (1) (). 
 Society at the time as at which a valuation disclosing a deficiency 
 
 was made, is transferred to another approved society before the 
 deficiency is made good shall nevertheless be liable to any reduc- 
 tion in benefits or to any levy in respect of such deficiency in 
 like manner as if he had continued to be an insured member of 
 the Society. 
 
 5. If a member chargeable with a levy under this rule falls S. 38 (i) (d}. 
 into arrears, his arrears of levy shall be reckoned for the purpose 
 
 of reduction or suspension of benefits as arrears of contributions 
 to the same amount. 
 
 29 . DISPUTES . 
 
 1. If any dispute shall arise between an insured member or S. 67 (1). 
 a person who has ceased to be an insured member, or person claim- 
 ing through such member or person, or under the rules, and the S. 76 (i). 
 Society, or the Executive Council or any officer of the Society, 
 
 it shall be decided in accordance with these rules. 
 
 2. Any party to such a dispute arising under the Act may, S. 67 (i). 
 in such cases and in such manner as the Commission prescribe, 
 appeal from such decision to the Commission. 
 
 30. INSPECTION. 
 
 1. It shall be the right of one-fifth of the total number of S. 57 (5). 
 insured members, or if the number of insured persons is 1,000 
 and less than 10,000, then of 100 such members, or if the number 
 of insured members is more than 10,000, then of 500 
 such members, by an application in writing to the Commission F. S. Act, 
 signed by them in the prescribed form, to apply for the appoint- 8 ' ' 
 ment of one or more inspectors to examine into the affairs of the 
 Society and to report thereon.
 
 1544 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 2. Every such application shall be supported by adequate 
 evidence, for the purpose of showing that the applicants have good 
 reason for requiring an inspection to be made, and that they are 
 not actuated by malicious motives in their application, and seven 
 days' notice thereof, stating the grounds of the application, shall 
 be given by the applicants to the Executive Council. Provided 
 that nothing in this rule shall be deemed to derogate from the 
 powers possessed by the Commissioners under sect. 57 (5) of the 
 Act in regard to empowering inspectors appointed by them to 
 exercise in respect of the Society any powers given by sect. 76 
 of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896, to inspectors appointed there- 
 under. 
 
 31 .DISSOLUTION . 
 
 8. 28 (2). i rphe Society may be dissolved by consent of nine-tenths of 
 
 its members voting in meeting duly summoned for the purpose; 
 or whenever the number of members is reduced to fifty by deaths 
 and by exclusions in conformity with the rules, a majority of 
 the remaining members may, in meeting assembled at the regis- 
 tered office of the Society, finally dissolve the Society; and after 
 discharging all debts and liabilities legally incurred in the 
 Society's name they may divide the funds, if any, among the 
 whole of the members in equal portions. 
 
 2. The Society shall not be dissolved except with the sanction 
 of the Commission and, so far as insured members are affected, 
 in manner prescribed by the Commission. 
 
 32. AMENDMENT OF RULES. 
 
 The draft of any proposed new rule or amendment of the rules 
 shall be submitted to the Commission, and such proposed rule or 
 amendment shall not come into force until the expiration of thirty 
 days after such submission; and if the Commission are of opinion 
 that the proposed new rule or amendment is such as to affect the 
 business of the Society under the Act, and to effect any material 
 change in the objects of th^ Society or the methods by which 
 those objects are to be attained to the prejudice of insured mem- 
 bers, the Commission may so inform the Society, and in that case 
 the proposed new rule or amendment shall not come into force.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 1545 
 
 33. INTERPRETATION OF RULES. 
 
 1. Nothing in these rules shall be held to entitle any insured s. -54(1). 
 member to any benefits (except benefits for which he pays a 
 separate contribution under Part I. of these rules) other than 
 
 those which the Society may lawfully pay out of contributions 
 under the Act, or to deprive him (otherwise than as the Act 
 permits) of any benefits to which he may be entitled under the 
 Act, or to require him to pay any contributions, other than lawful 
 fines and levies, which he is not required by the Act to pay. 
 
 2. Except where otherwise required by the context all terms 
 used in these rules have the same meaning as in the Act. 
 
 3. An insured member who, not being a British subject, was 
 below the age of seventeen at the date of becoming insured under 
 the Act, or who was, on the 4th day of May, 1911, a member of 
 a society which, or a separate section of which, becomes or became 
 an approved society, and had been resident in the United Kingdom 
 for five years or upwards, or who transferred to an approved 
 society or to the Post Office fund in pursuance of an agreement 
 with the Government of any foreign State shall be treated as a 
 British subject for the purpose of these rules. 
 
 4. The expression " Commission " means the Insurance Com- 
 missioners approving the Society and the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners for that part of the United Kingdom in which the prin- 
 cipal office of the Society is situate. 
 
 5. The expression " Insurance Committee " includes District 
 Committee or other body administering medical or sanatorium 
 benefit. 
 
 34. SURPLUS OR DEFICIT SCHEME. 
 
 Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, a poll of 
 all the members of the Society shall be taken on any scheme for 
 the disposal of any surplus or for the making good of any deficit 
 that may have resulted from the working of the Society (the 
 word " society " for this purpose having the same meaning as 
 that contained in sub-sect. 3 of sect. 83 of the Act). 
 
 35. IRISH MEMBERS. 
 
 These rules shall apply to insured members of the Society resi- 
 lient in Ireland, subject to the following modifications: 
 
 Employed Rate. 6^d. shall be substituted for 7d. per week 
 for men as the " Employed Kate " of contribution.
 
 1546 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Deductions by Employers (to be substituted for Table III.). 
 The following deductions may lawfully be made by employers 
 from the wages of insured members who are employed contri- 
 butors: 
 
 Men. 
 Where the insured is under twenty-one, or 
 
 where board and lodging is given 3d. 
 
 In all other cases, then: 
 
 If rate of remuneration exceeds 2s. Qd. per 
 
 working day 3d. 
 
 If rate of remuneration does not exceed 
 
 2s. 6d. per working day 2d. 
 
 If rate of remuneration does not exceed 
 
 2s. per working day \d. 
 
 If rate of remuneration does not exceed 
 
 Is. 6d. per working day Nothing. 
 
 If no money payments are made Nothing. 
 
 Where the employer is liable under sect. 47 or 53 of the Act 
 to pay remuneration during periods of sickness the above 
 weekly deductions of 3d. and 2d. are reduced respec- 
 tively to 2d. and Id., and the deduction of \d. is 
 cancelled . 
 
 Where the employer is so liable under sect. 47 or 53 of the Act 
 3^d. shall be substituted for 5d. per week for men. 
 
 Marine Members. The employed rate in respect of a marine 
 member who has a permanent place of residence in Ireland, while 
 serving in the foreign trade, shall be 5d. a week. 
 
 Medical Benefit. Medical benefit shall not be included among 
 the benefits to which insured members are ordinarily entitled. 
 
 Midwife. " Midwife possessing such qualifications as may be 
 prescribed," shall be substituted for " Duly certified Midwife." 
 
 Commission. The expression Commission means the National 
 Health Insurance Commission (Ireland) or the National Health 
 Insurance Joint Committee as the case may require. 
 
 National Health Insurance Fund. The expression National 
 Health Insurance Fund means the Irish National Health Insur- 
 ance Fund. 
 
 Local Government Board means the Local Government Board 
 for Ireland.
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 1547 
 
 Medical Certificates. The provisions of sub-sect. 13 of sect. 81 
 of the Act, relating to the inspection of medical relief registers 
 in Ireland by the representatives of the Society and to the for- 
 warding of and payment for medical certificates, shall apply to 
 this if and when and in such circumstances as the committee of 
 management shall think fit. 
 
 In the case of the Society with members in Scotland, as well Scottish 
 as in any other part of the United Kingdom, an additional rule members - 
 in substantially the following form will be necessary: 
 
 These rules shall apply to insured members of the Society resi- 
 dent in Scotland, subject to the following modifications: 
 
 (1) " County Borough " means " Burgh," i.e., a Burgh or 
 
 Police Burgh containing a population of 20,000 or 
 upwards. 
 
 (2) " Duly certified midwife " means " Midwife possessing 
 
 such qualifications as may be prescribed." 
 
 (3) " Workhouse " means " Poorhouse." 
 
 (4) " County Court or Justices " means " Sheriff's Court." 
 (!5) " Local Government Board " means " Local Government 
 
 Board for Scotland." 
 
 (6) " District Committee " means " District Insurance Com- 
 
 mittee." 
 
 (7) " Commission " means the National Health Insurance 
 
 Commission (Scotland), or the National Health Insur- 
 ance Joint Committee, as the case may require. 
 
 TABLE I. 
 
 RATE OF SICKNESS AND DISABLEMENT BENEFITS PER WEEK. 
 
 Line. 
 
 First 13 weeks. 
 
 Second 13 weeks. 
 
 Rest of illness. 
 
 
 *. 
 
 i. 
 
 ft, 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 B. VOL. 
 
 44
 
 1548 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 TABLE II. 
 
 REDUCTION OR POSTPONEMENT OF SICKNESS BENEFIT AND WHERE 
 CONTRIBUTIONS ARE IN ARREAR. 
 
 (i) 
 
 (2) 
 
 Where the arrears amount to 
 
 Rates of sickness benefit. 
 
 4 contributions a year on average 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 18 
 13 
 
 . d. 
 
 9 6 
 
 9 
 
 8 6 
 
 8 
 
 7 6 
 
 7 
 
 6 6 
 
 6 
 
 5 6 
 
 5 
 
 5s. commencing 6th day after commencement of illness. 
 
 6th 
 
 7th 
 
 8th 
 
 9th 
 10th 
 llth 
 12th 
 13th 
 14th 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Where the insured person is, by virtue of any of the provisions 
 of these rules, other than those relating to arrears, entitled to 
 sickness benefit at a rate lower than the full rate, this table shall 
 have effect as if the entries in the first column were so shifted down 
 that the first entry therein was set opposite the entry in the 
 second column next below the entry specifying the rate of sick- 
 ness benefit to which the insured person is entitled. 
 
 When the rate of sickness benefit during the first thirteen weeks 
 to which the insured person is entitled is, by virtue of any of the 
 provisions of this Act, other than those relating to arrears, less 
 than 5s. a week, this table shall have effect as if such lower rate 
 were therein substituted for the rate of 5s. a week. 
 
 For instance, in the case of an unmarried man under twenty-
 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 1549 
 
 one whose sickness benefit is 6s. per week for the first thirteen 
 weeks, if not in arrears, the Table should read as follows: 
 
 Where the arrears amount to 
 
 
 4 contributions a year on average - 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 5s. comnu 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 Rates of Sickness Benefit. 
 
 8. 'I. 
 
 5 6 
 
 6 
 
 5.s-. commencing 5th day after commencement of illness. 
 
 6th 
 
 7th 
 
 8th 
 
 9th 
 10th 
 llth 
 12th 
 
 TABLE III. 
 
 The following weekly deductions may lawfully be made by 
 employers from the wages of insured members who are employed 
 contributors: 
 
 Where the insured member is under twenty- 
 one, or where board and lodging is given... 4d. 
 
 In all cases, then 
 
 If rate of remuneration exceeds 2s. Qd. per 
 
 working day 4d. 
 
 If rate of remuneration does not exceed 
 
 2s. 6d. per working day 3d. 
 
 If rate of remuneration does not exceed 
 
 2s. per working day Id. 
 
 If rate of remuneration does not exceed 
 
 Is. Qd. per working day Nothing. 
 
 If no money payments are made Nothing. 
 
 In the case of employed contributors who receive remuneration 
 during sickness and pay a reduced contribution, the lawful weekly 
 deduction is reduced by Id. below that given in this Table. 
 
 Tables A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are the appropriate tables 
 supplied by the Commission, and are kept in the possession of 
 the secretary. 
 
 44 (2)
 
 1550 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 TABLE A. 
 ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 16 at 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 4S 
 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 
 id under 45 
 
 *. d. 
 7 
 9 
 9 
 9| 
 10 
 10 
 lOi 
 
 5o at 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 
 d under 56 
 
 *. d. 
 1 Oi 
 1 l" 
 1 1} 
 1 2 
 1 2 
 1 24 
 1 3" 
 1 3i 
 1 3i 
 1 3l 
 
 ,. 46 
 
 57 
 
 47 
 
 68 
 
 ,, 48 
 
 59 
 
 49 
 
 60 
 
 50 
 
 61 
 
 ,, 51 
 
 62 
 
 ,, 52 
 
 o in| 
 
 11 
 11 
 1 
 
 63 
 
 53 , 
 
 64 
 
 ,, 54 
 
 , , 65 ........ 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 11) 
 
 and under 45 
 
 *. d. 
 5| 
 
 55 
 
 ;i IK! under 56 
 
 i. d. 
 10i 
 
 4/i 
 
 ,, 46 
 
 7 
 
 5fi 
 
 57 
 
 o io| 
 
 4(1 
 
 47 
 
 7 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 11 
 
 47 
 
 ,, 48 
 
 74 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 11 
 
 4H 
 
 49 
 
 8 
 
 59 
 
 60 . . 
 
 1 
 
 4M 
 
 50 . 
 
 8 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 8 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 1 ()'. 
 
 51 
 
 ,, 52 
 
 8 
 
 6? 
 
 63 
 
 1 OA 
 
 .V> 
 
 53 
 
 9 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 i of 
 
 Vi 
 
 54 . 
 
 ii. 1 , 
 
 64 
 
 65 .. 
 
 1 i 
 
 "t 4 
 
 ,, 65 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 RULES OF A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 TABLE B. 
 
 ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES. 
 
 1551 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 16 and u 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 
 nder 17 
 
 #. d. 
 7 
 
 7 
 1\ 
 74. 
 
 74 
 7| 
 
 ?! 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 9 2 
 9 
 9 
 
 9^ 
 
 o gf 
 
 < 41 and u 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 ! 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 
 nder 42 
 
 *. d. 
 9> 
 10 
 10 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 III 
 1 0" 
 
 1 1^ 
 1 14, 
 1 2 
 1 24. 
 1 3 
 
 1 4 2 
 
 i 4 
 
 1 5 
 1 5 
 1 5 
 
 18 
 
 43 
 
 19 
 
 44 
 
 20 
 
 45 
 
 21 
 
 46 
 
 22 
 
 47 
 
 23 
 
 48 
 
 24 
 
 49 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 26 
 
 51 
 
 27 
 
 52 
 
 28 
 
 53 
 
 29 
 
 54 
 
 30 
 
 55 
 
 31 
 
 56 
 
 32 
 
 57 
 
 33 
 
 58 
 
 34 
 
 59 
 
 35 
 
 60 
 
 36 
 
 61 
 
 37 
 
 62 
 
 38 
 
 63 
 
 39 
 
 64 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribution. 
 
 16 ai 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 
 id under 17 
 
 . d. 
 5} 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6| 
 6| 
 6| 
 61 
 6| 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 1\ 
 7 
 7J 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 [ 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 
 and under 42 
 
 *. d. 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 9 
 9 
 9| 
 9 
 10 
 10J 
 10 
 11 
 11 
 1 
 1 
 1 OJ 
 1 1 
 
 1 li 
 I 2 
 1 2 
 1 2 
 1 2 
 1 2 
 
 18 , 
 
 43 
 
 19 
 
 , 44 
 
 20 
 
 , 45 
 
 21 
 
 , 46 
 
 22 . 
 
 47 . 
 
 ,, 23 
 
 , 48 
 
 ,, 24 
 
 , 49 
 
 25 
 
 , 50 
 
 26 . 
 
 , 51 
 
 ,, 27 
 
 , 52 
 
 ,, 28 
 
 53 
 
 , 29 
 
 54 , 
 
 , 30 
 
 55 
 
 , 31 
 
 56 
 
 32 
 
 , 57 
 
 , 33 
 
 , 58 
 
 34 
 
 59 
 
 , 35 
 
 60 
 61 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 62 
 
 , 38 
 
 , 63 
 
 39 , 
 
 64 . 
 
 , 40 
 
 65 
 
 , 

 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 TABLE D. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Rate of 
 Sickness 
 Benefit. 
 
 Reserve Value. 
 
 England, 
 Scotland and 
 Wales. 
 
 8. d. 
 
 056 
 10 6 
 15 6 
 1 1 
 1 6 6 
 1 12 
 1 18 
 246 
 2 11 
 2 17 6 
 346 
 3 12 
 3 19 
 466 
 4 14 6 
 520 
 596 
 5 16 6 
 636 
 6 10 6 
 6 16 6 
 726 
 776 
 7 12 
 7 15 6 
 7 17 6 
 7 18 6 
 7 17 6 
 7 14 
 780 
 6 18 6 
 656 
 576 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 Hand 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 65 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 69 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 
 under 18 
 
 *. d. 
 9 6 
 9 
 8 6 
 8 
 8 o 
 7 6 
 7 
 7 
 6 6 
 6 6 
 6 
 6 
 5 6 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 *. d. 
 
 1 
 056 
 10 6 
 15 6 
 1 6 
 1 6 
 1 11 6 
 1 17 6 
 236 
 2 10 
 2 16 6 
 336 
 3 10 
 3 17 
 446 
 4 11 6 
 4 18 6 
 550 
 5 11 6 
 5 18 
 636 
 686 
 6 13 
 6 16 6 
 6 19 6 
 7 1 
 7 1 
 6 19 6 
 6 15 
 6 8 C 
 5 18 
 540 
 456 
 
 ,, 19 
 
 ,, 20 
 
 , 21 
 
 , 22 
 
 , 23 
 
 24 
 
 , 25 
 
 , 26 
 
 ,, 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 ,, 30 
 
 , 31 
 
 32 
 
 , 33 
 
 , 34 
 
 , 35 
 
 , 36 
 
 , 37 
 
 , 38 
 
 39 
 
 , 40 
 
 , 41 
 
 42 .. 
 
 , 43 
 
 , 44 
 
 , 45 
 
 , 46 
 
 , 47 
 
 48 
 
 , 49 
 
 50 
 
 , 51 
 
 , 52 
 
 , 53 
 
 , 54 
 
 , 55 
 
 56 
 
 , 67 
 
 , 58 
 
 59 
 
 , 60 
 
 61 
 
 , 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 65 

 
 RULES OK A WORKMEN'S UNION. 
 
 1553 
 
 TABLE F. 
 
 RATE OF SICKNESS BENEFIT FOR PERSONS ENTERING AN APPROVED 
 SOCIETY AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ACT AT AGES 
 BETWEEN SIXTY-FIVE AND SEVENTY. CONTRIBUTIONS CEASE 
 AT AGE OF SEVENTY. 
 
 England, Scotland, and Wales. 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 First 
 
 Second 
 
 First 
 
 Second 
 
 13 weeks 
 
 13 weeks 
 
 13 weeks 
 
 13 weeks 
 
 of Sickness. 
 
 of Sickness. 
 
 of Sickness. 
 
 of Sickness. 
 
 Per week. 
 
 Per week. 
 
 Per week. 
 
 Per week. 
 
 *. d. 
 
 *. d. 
 
 1 
 *. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 (ALTERNATIVE No. 2.) 
 
 ANNUAL ALLOWANCES DURING LIFE (PAYABLE IN QUARTERLY 
 INSTALMENTS) TO PERSONS ENTERING AN APPROVED SOCIETY 
 AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ACT AT AGES BETWEEN SlXTY- 
 FIVE AND SEVENTY. CONTRIBUTIONS CEASE AT AGE OF 
 SEVENTY. 
 
 England, 
 Scotland, 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 
 and Wales. 
 
 
 65 
 
 s. d. 
 12 
 
 i. d. 
 10 
 
 65 and 6 months 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 66 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 66 and 6 months 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 67 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 67 and 6 months 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 68 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 68 and 6 months 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 69 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 69 and 6 months 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 

 
 1554 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 TABLE G. EMPLOYED CONTRIBUTOES. 
 
 BENEFITS FOR ALIENS. 
 
 Age at entry to the Society. 
 
 Sickness 
 Benefit. 
 
 Disablement 
 Benefit. 
 
 Maternity 
 
 
 Rate per Week. 
 
 Rate per Week. 
 
 
 17 and under 19 
 
 s. d. 
 9 6 
 
 *. d. 
 4 9 
 
 K. d. 
 1 8 6 
 
 19 21 
 
 9 
 
 4 6 
 
 1 7 
 
 21 25 
 
 8 6 
 
 4 3 
 
 1 5 6 
 
 25 30 
 
 7 6 
 
 3 9 
 
 1 2 6 
 
 30 35 
 
 7 
 
 3 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 35 40 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 40 45 
 
 5 6 
 
 2 9 
 
 1 
 
 45 50 
 
 4 6 
 
 2 3 
 
 1 
 
 50 55 
 
 3 6 
 
 1 9 
 
 1 
 
 55 60 
 
 2 6* 
 
 1 3t 
 
 1 
 
 60 65 
 
 1 0* 
 
 1 Of 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 * In Ireland, 3s. 
 
 t Iu Ireland, 1*. G,-l. 
 
 TABLE H. 
 
 ADDITIONAL BENEFITS OF VALUE EQUIVALENT TO A REDUCTION 
 OF SICKNESS BENEFITS UNDER SECT. 9, SUB-SECT. (2). 
 
 This Table is issued as a guide to societies, and may be adopted 
 by them. If any other forms of benefit are submitted by a 
 societj' for the consent of the Insurance Commissioners, the appli- 
 cation should be accompanied by actuarial evidence in support 
 of the financial soundness of the proposal. Under this Table a 
 society may choose one (but not more) of the alternative methods, 
 but no option may be exercised by individual members of the 
 Society. 
 
 Reduction of Sickness Benefit. 
 
 2. 6d. per week 
 
 Equivalent additional benefit to be applied to the 
 whole class of persons to whom the reduction of 
 sickness benefit is made applicable. 
 
 Repayment of the contributions paid to the extent 
 of oue halfpenny per week.
 
 RULES OF A TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY. 
 
 TABLE H. continued. 
 
 1555 
 
 1*. d. per week 
 
 1*. per week 
 
 [Or if a greater reduction be 
 made, the sum of lid. per 
 member named in the next 
 column may be increased cor- 
 respondingly.] 
 
 Payment of sickness benefit at the rate so reduced 
 from the first day of sickness instead of from the 
 luurth day. 
 
 Provision for medical treatment and attendance for 
 any persons dependent on the labour of 
 members of the class, or for the payment of the 
 cost, or part thereof, of dental treatment for any 
 such member, to such extent as will absorb a 
 total sum of not more than elevenpence per 
 annum for the average of the number of members 
 in the class at the beginning -if the year and at 
 the end of the year respectively. 
 
 The fact that a man is receiving sick pay from the private side 
 of his society makes no difference whatever to his sickness benefit 
 under the Act. 
 
 2. RULES of a TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY (c). 
 
 1. The name of the Association shall be "The Trade Name. 
 
 Protection Association." 
 
 2. The place of meeting for the business of this Association Place of 
 s h a ll be . meeting. 
 
 3. The objects of the Association shall be: 
 
 (a) To protect and watch the interests of all persons engaged 
 
 as masters or employers in the industries, and 
 
 in industries and businesses allied or ancillary thereto. 
 
 (b) To consider and discuss all questions affecting the 
 
 interests of persons coming within the classification 
 of object (a). 
 
 (c) To take concerted action in regard to the protection of 
 
 such interests where necessary or advisable. 
 
 (d) To enter into arrangements for profit-sharing, union of 
 
 interests, amalgamation, co-operation, joint adventure, 
 reciprocal concession, or otherwise, either in whole or 
 part with any company, corporation, society or trade 
 union partnership or persons carrying on or engaged 
 
 Objects. 
 
 (c) Adapted from the Eules of the Electrotypers' and Stereotypers' 
 Trade Protection Association, and published by their permission.
 
 1556 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 IP 
 
 in, or about to carry on or engage in, any of the busi- 
 nesses of which this Association is formed to watch 
 over and protect the interests. 
 
 (e) To formulate and maintain a standard minimum scale 
 
 of charges for the products of the industries of the 
 members. 
 
 (f) To protect the rights and privileges of the trades in- 
 
 cluded; and 
 
 (g) To provide (if desirable) a joint fund for the advance- 
 
 ment of this Association's purposes, 
 (h) To regulate the relations between employers and 
 
 employed. 
 
 (i) To form a body for inter-communication in trade dis- 
 putes. 
 
 (j) To do all such other fit and proper acts and things as 
 are incidental or conducive to the attainment of the 
 above objects or any of them. 
 
 The purposes for which the funds of the Association shall be 
 applicable, shall be only such as are within the above objects. 
 Constitution. 4. The Association shall consist of such employers or autho- 
 rised representatives of employers as are engaged in the - 
 trades, and in the various trades nearly allied thereto, as shall 
 apply to the Executive Committee for membership, and being 
 accepted by such committee shall subscribe to the Association in 
 accordance with the scale in Rule 5 provided. 
 
 Payment of any subscription shall be deemed an approval by 
 the subscriber of the objects and rules of the Association. 
 Subscriptions. 5 The annual subscription shall be calculated on a scale in 
 accordance with the number of - men employed in the busi- 
 ness represented by each member on 1st June in each year, of 
 whom a return shall be given to the Secretary yearly within seven 
 days of the 1st day of June in each year. 
 
 An entrance fee of one guinea shall be imposed on employers 
 qualified to join who join after the 31st December, 19 . 
 
 The scale of subscriptions shall be two guineas for four men 
 
 or under, and one guinea for every additional four or part of four 
 
 men. 
 
 Payment of The subscription shall be payable in advance, and shall be 
 in8 ' first due on joining the Association; and subsequently on the
 
 RULES OF A TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY. 1557 
 
 1st June in each year, and shall be payable within fifteen days 
 after 1st June in each year. 
 
 The Executive Committee shall have the power to make a levy Levies, 
 upon the members to meet any exceptional expenditure, such levy 
 to be made proportionate to the subscription paid by the respective 
 members. 
 
 6. The affairs of the Association shall be administered by Officers, 
 an Executive Committee of five members, of whom the first shall 
 
 be , who shall constitute such Executive Committee until 
 
 the Annual General Meeting. Such Annual General Meeting 
 shall elect the Executive Committee in every year, and until such 
 meeting is held in any year the former members retain their 
 office. Retiring coinmitteemen shall be eligible for re-election. 
 The trustees, treasurer and Secretary, and all other officers of the 
 Association shall be appointed and confirmed in their initial 
 appointment by the Executive Committee. Until the first meet- 
 ing of such Committee, - - shall be the trustees and officers 
 respectively. Their removal shall be as provided for in Rule 24. 
 
 7. The Committee may appoint and pay officials, and may Payments, 
 authorise any payments they may deem expedient. 
 
 8. Cheques shall be signed by two members of the Committee Cheques, 
 and countersigned by the Secretary. 
 
 9. The Committee's a ^ Association's pass book shall be made Passbooks, 
 up and laid on the table at each ordinary Committee meeting. 
 
 10. The Annual General Meeting shall be held during the Annual 
 month of - - in every year, and the accounts of the Association, 
 made up to the previous 31st December, shall be presented at such 
 meeting, having first been audited by the auditors, as hereinafter 
 provided. 
 
 11. Seven clear days' notice of this and of every general meet- Notice of 
 irig is to be given by circular, written or printed. 
 
 12. A quorum at such meetings, and at any general meeting, Quorum, 
 shall be seven members. 
 
 13. Names of members to be proposed for election at the Candidates 
 annual meeting to the Executive Committee, or as officers of foroffice - 
 the Association shall be sent to the Secretary two clear days 
 
 before the Annual General Meeting. 
 
 14. The present members of the Executive Committee shall Chairman, 
 appoint one of themselves to be chairman of the Association until man & c . 
 the Annual General Meeting, and he shall be chairman also of
 
 1558 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Committee 
 meetings. 
 
 Notice of 
 meeting. 
 
 Disqualifica- 
 tions of com- 
 mitteemen. 
 
 Alteration 
 of rules. 
 
 Trustees. 
 
 the Committee till that time. They shall also appoint one vice- 
 chairman until the same meeting. At the first Annual General 
 Meeting the members shall appoint one of the Executive Com- 
 mittee to be chairman, and one to be vice-chairman of the Asso- 
 ciation, and the same persons shall be chairman or vice-chairman 
 respectively of the Committee. If neither of these shall be present 
 at any meeting a chairman for the occasion shall be appointed by 
 a majority of members present. 
 
 The chairman at every meeting shall have a casting vote (and 
 no other). 
 
 Vacancies in the Committee and in the offices of chairman or 
 vice-chairman, occurring between the Annual General Meetings, 
 may be filled until such meeting by a majority of the members 
 of the Committee. 
 
 15. The Executive Committee shall meet as often as may be 
 required (three members to form a quorum, except where other 
 provision is expressly made), and may appoint sub-committees 
 to enquire and report to the Committee or to transact special 
 business. 
 
 16. Except in cases of urgency, twenty -four hours' notice shall 
 be given of any Committee meeting. 
 
 17. No person shall be eligible to be elected or shall remain a 
 member of the Executive Committee who, or whose firm, has been 
 adjudged bankrupt, or against whose company an order for wind- 
 ing up has been made, or who, or whose firm or company, has 
 compounded with his or their creditors. 
 
 18. Any alteration, amendment, rescission, or addition to these 
 rules shall be made by resolutions of a meeting of the Executive 
 Committee, at which at least four members shall be present, 
 provided that such resolutions shall be confirmed by the next 
 general meeting of the Association. 
 
 19. There shall be two trustees of the Association. A banking 
 account for the Executive Committee shall be opened at such bank 
 as the trustees may determine, and the funds of the Association 
 shall be invested in the names of such trustees, in the investments 
 authorised by law for trustees, but until the funds shall exceed 
 50 the funds shall be allowed to remain on current account at 
 the said bank, and no investment shall be made except when the 
 funds so far exceed 50, as to make it advisable in the opinion 
 of the Executive Committee to make an investment.
 
 RULES OF A TRADE PROTKCTION SOCIETY. 1559 
 
 The trustees named by the Executive Committee may be two 
 of themselves if voted for by all the residue of the members 
 of such Executive Committee. 
 
 The first treasurer shall be appointed by the Executive Com- Treasurer, 
 mittee. 
 
 The first Secretary shall be , at a remuneration to be fixed Secretary. 
 
 by the Executive Committee. 
 
 20. A firm of chartered accountants, practising within the City Auditors, 
 of London, appointed by the Annual General Meeting, shall audit 
 
 the accounts of the Association .each year, when the total sums 
 to be accounted for shall exceed 200. Until then two capable 
 accountants of any of the firms represented on the membership 
 of the Association shall be appointed by the Executive Committee, 
 at such fee not exceeding 2 2s., as the Committee shall direct 
 in the appointment. 
 
 21. The accounts to 31st December in any year must be ready Audit of 
 for audit by 1st March in the next year, and the audit thereof 
 
 must be completed by the 1st day of April next following. 
 
 The person responsible for presenting the accounts is the 
 treasurer, and for the audit is the appointed auditor. 
 
 The penalty for failure of either is a fine of from one to 
 ten guineas in the discretion of the Executive Committee, pay- 
 able to the funds of the Association. 
 
 22. Every person claiming (and, if required, proving to the Inspection of 
 reasonable satisfaction of a meeting of the Executive Committee) O f^embers 181 
 that he or she has an interest in the funds of the Association, 
 
 shall be entitled to have inspection of the register of names and 
 addresses of members of the Association, and to have produced to 
 him or her, all, or any of, the books of account whatsoever of 
 the Association. 
 
 23. The penalties to which members are subject are (in addi- Penalties, 
 tion to the penalty in Rule 21): 
 
 For failure to charge in accordance with the scale set by this 
 Association under Rule 2, object (e), a fine of 20 as 
 a maximum, this amount to be proportioned according 
 to the proportion that the amount of the fined members' 
 subscription bears to the largest subscription paid. 
 
 All fines shall be paid by the members to the , and their 
 
 official receipt shall be produced to the Association. 
 
 24. Any trustee, treasurer, Secretary, or other officer of the Removal of
 
 1560 
 
 officers and 
 members of 
 committee. 
 
 Dissolution. 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Association, and any member or all tbe members of the Executive 
 Committee or other Committee of Management shall be subject 
 to removal on a vote of two-thirds of the members personally 
 present at a general meeting of the Association called with express 
 written notice of this business to be transacted thereat. 
 
 25. This Association shall be dissolved only by resolution 
 passed by at least two-thirds of all the members of the Association. 
 
 3. AGREEMENT between a TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY 
 and a WORKMEN'S UNION (d). 
 
 the 
 
 day of 
 
 19- 
 
 THIS AGREEMENT, made 
 
 BETWEEN The - - Trade Protection Association (a registered 
 
 Trade Union), hereinafter called " the Association," of the first 
 
 part, and the (a registered Trade Union), hereinafter called 
 
 " the Society," of the second part. 
 
 WITNESSETH that in consideration of the covenants hereinafter 
 contained on behalf of the said Society, the Association hereby 
 accepts and agrees to the following conditions of employment by 
 the Association of the members of the said Society for a period 
 of five years from November the first next. The conditions of 
 employment shall be as follow, that is to say, as and from the 
 first day of - , 19 , until the termination of this agreement, 
 the Association accepts and agrees to a working week of fifty hours 
 for members of the Society employed by members of the Asso- 
 ciation, subject always to any general movement in the - - and 
 allied trades for a reduction of hours, in which case the Associa- 
 tion pledges itself to accept and abide by whatever may be 
 generally adopted by the said - - and allied trades as the work- 
 ing week. The recognised hours for the working day shall be 
 between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. for the first five working days of the 
 week, and 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Saturday; beyond this will be 
 subject to overtime rates. The Association further agrees during 
 the said period to recognise the sum of two pounds four shillings 
 
 (d~) The agreement from which this precedent has been adapted was 
 furnished by and is published by permission of the Electrotypers' and 
 Stereotypers' Trade Protection Association,
 
 AGREEMENT BETWEEN EMPLOYERS' AND WORKMEN'S UNION. 1561 
 
 per week to be the minimum wage for members of the Society, and 
 further will and shall pay for all public holidays such as Good 
 Friday, Easter Monday, Monday in Whit week, first Monday 
 in August, Christmas Day, Boxing Day, and any national holi- 
 day which may occur from time to time. If on any of the above 
 mentioned holidays it is necessary for any of the members of 
 the Society to be at work in any of the Association's shops, they 
 shall receive, in addition to the above payment, overtime rate 
 for any part of any holiday during which they may be employed. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing holidays the Association hereby 
 agrees to grant one week's holiday each year at full pay to every 
 member of the Society employed by members of the Association, 
 provided that such members of the Society shall have been in the 
 employment of any one or more members of the Association for 
 a period of one year calculated from the first day of November, 
 19. 
 
 In the event of any member of the Society leaving the employ- 
 ment of any member of the Association before completing one 
 year's inclusive service calculated from the date above mentioned, 
 and obtaining a situation in a office, such member or mem- 
 bers of the Society shall be entitled to a pro rata allowance in 
 respect of the week's holiday either in cash or time at the option 
 of the employed for any period exceeding six months. 
 
 The Association further pledges itself to abide by the rules of 
 
 the Society in existence on the first day of , 19 , and other 
 
 alterations that may be effected from time to time shall be 
 mutually agreed upon. 
 
 The Association further agrees that all members of the Society 
 in the employ of its members shall receive an immediate increase 
 
 of four shillings per week on the first day of , 19 , whatever 
 
 the present wages of such members of the Society may be, and it 
 is hereby expressly understood that it is not the intention or 
 desire of the Association that the minimum wage of - - per 
 week shall become the prevalent wage for all members of the 
 Society. 
 
 The Association further agrees that from the date of this agree- 
 ment coming into operation no fresh assistant labour shall be 
 introduced to the trade by the masters unless and until it can 
 be shown that the Society is unable to supply men in adequate 
 numbers for trade requirements, but no assistants on present staffs
 
 1562 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 who are members of another society shall be discharged simply 
 because they decline to join the Society. 
 
 In consideration of the foregoing concessions and covenants 
 on the part of the Association, the Society agrees to uphold, 
 maintain, and sustain by every means in its power the scale of 
 prices and discounts adopted by the Association (e), and especially 
 binds itself to withdraw its members from any or 
 firm or company dealing in the products of the mem- 
 bers of the Society at prices below those adopted by the Associa- 
 tion, provided that reasonable proof of such underselling is 
 adduced by the Association to the Committee of the Society and 
 that tho house so complained of by the Association can properly 
 be described as a trade house. The term " trade house " shall 
 for the purposes of this agreement be deemed to mean any house 
 taking or accepting orders for the products of members of the 
 Society other than such as may be necessary for the due carrying 
 out by the house in question of or in connection with bond 
 fide orders for entrusted to such house. Any fresh 
 advance or alteration of price determined upon by the Associa- 
 tion shall be notified to the Society at the time, and mutually 
 agreed upon before putting into operation. All journeymen with- 
 drawn from any firm for non-compliance by such firm with the 
 rules and regulations of the Association will be found employ- 
 ment at once by members of the Association at the same wages 
 as they were hitherto receiving, provided they had been in receipt 
 of suoh wages for a period of at least three months, and such 
 situations shall be guaranteed by the Association for a period of 
 thirteen weeks. Journeymen withdrawn from houses not belong- 
 ing to the Association shall receive four shillings per week beyond 
 the rate of wages they had been in receipt of for the previous 
 three months on the understanding that such members of the 
 Society shall have the option of returning to their former employ- 
 ment immediately the dispute with the Association is settled, and 
 during the period that members are so employed in any Associa- 
 tion shop as a consequence of this agreement the number of 
 the ordinary staff of any shop so affected shall not be reduced 
 from any reason whatever except misconduct. 
 
 (e) Or, " the revised minimum price list of the association hereto 
 annexed and marked A."
 
 TRAMWAYS. BY-LAWS UNDER TRAMWAYS ACT, 1870. 1563 
 
 If at any time the occasion should arise to put into operation 
 the clause dealing with the withdrawal of members of the Society, 
 no step shall be taken in this direction, nor shall the members of 
 the Society be expected so to act until the case in question has 
 been considered and such action agreed upon by representatives of 
 both the Association and the Society. 
 
 If at any time any other point should arise affecting the interests 
 of both parties to this agreement the matter shall be considered and 
 dealt with as agreed upon by the representatives of the Associa- 
 tion and the Society. 
 
 The covenants and agreements on the part of the Association 
 and the Society hereinbefore contained notwithstanding, it is 
 hereby expressly agreed and understood that should circumstances 
 arise which in the opinion of either of the parties hereto render 
 this agreement unworkable in practice after consideration by joint 
 representatives of the Association and the Society, three calendar 
 months' notice shall be deemed a good and sufficient notice by 
 either side to terminate this agreement, and the parties hereto 
 shall at the expiration of such notice return to the status quo 
 ante. 
 
 IN WITNESS whereof the signatures of the members of the 
 Executives of the Association and the Society were hereunto 
 affixed the day and the year first above written. 
 
 TRAMWAYS (a). 
 
 1. MODEL FORM of BY-LAWS and REGULATIONS made by 
 the - -as the LOCAL AUTHORITY, under sect. 46 of 
 the Tramways Act, 1870. 
 
 1. For the purpose of these by-laws and regulations the term 
 " car " shall mean any [engine or] carriage using any tramway 
 laid down within the said [borough], and the terms " driver " and 
 " conductor " shall respectively mean the driver and conductor or 
 other person having charge of a [an engine or] car. 
 
 'a) See also " Parliamentary Documents." 
 
 B. VOL. n. 45
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 2. The driver of every car shall cause the same to be driven at 
 a speed of not less than [four] miles an hour on the average, and 
 not exceeding eight miles an hour. 
 
 3. The driver of every car shall so drive the same that it shall 
 not follow a preceding car at a less distance than (6) - - yards. 
 
 4. Subject to the requirements of By-laws Nos. 3 and 5, tho 
 driver or conductor of a car shall stop the same for the purpose of 
 setting down or taking up passengers, when required by any 
 passenger desiring to leave the car, or by any person desirous of 
 travelling by the car, for whom there is room, and to whose admis- 
 sion no valid objection can bo made: Provided that nothing in 
 this by-law shall require a car to be stopped on any gradient 
 steeper than 1 in 25. 
 
 [The preceding by-law is inappropriate where, as is now frequently 
 the case, fixed stopping places are arranged.] 
 
 5. Except at a passing place or terminus, no car shall be stopped 
 at the intersection or junction of two or more streets or roads, 
 nor within [ten] yards of a car on an adjoining line of rails. 
 
 6. The driver of a car, on coming in sight of a vehicle stand inn 
 or travelling on any part of the road so as not to leave sufficient 
 space for the car to pass, shall sound his bell or whistle as a warn- 
 ing to the person in charge of such vehicle, and that person shall, 
 with reasonable despatch, cause such vehicle to be removed so ;is 
 not to obstruct the car. 
 
 7. No person shall in any way wilfully impede or interfere with 
 (he traffic on the tramways, nor shall any driver or conductor need- 
 lessly cause interruption to the ordinary road traffic. 
 
 8. Every driver, conductor, or other person offending against 
 any of these by-laws and regulations shall be liable to a penalty 
 not exceeding forty shillings for each offence, and not exceeding 
 for any continuing offence ten shillings for every day during 
 which the offence continues. 
 
 [Here insert any by-laws to meet special cases.] 
 
 (ft) This distance should be not less than 10 nor more than 150 yards.
 
 BY-LAWS UNDER TRAMWAYS ACT, 1870. 
 
 9. These by-laws shall oome into force on the - day of 
 , 19-. 
 
 The Common Seal of the said Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses, 
 affixed by order of the Council of the said Borough at 
 a meeting of such Council held on the - - day of - , 
 
 in the presence of . 
 
 , Mayor. 
 
 (L.S.) by - , Town Clerk. 
 
 [or other appropriate attestation clause.] 
 
 I hereby certify that a true copy of the foregoing by-laws and 
 regulations has, in accordance with the provisions of sect. 46 of 
 the Tramways Act, 1870, been laid before the Board of Trade not 
 less than two calendar months before such by-laws and regulations 
 came into operation, and that such by-laws and regulations have 
 not been disallowed by the Board of Trade within the said two 
 calendar months. 
 
 An Assistant Secretary to the Board of Trade. 
 day of - , 19 . 
 
 2. MODEL FORM of BY-LAWS and REGULATIONS made by 
 a TRAMWAY COMPANY under the POWERS conferred on 
 the COMPANY by the Tramways Act, 1870. 
 
 1. The by-laws and regulations hereinafter set forth shall 
 extend and apply to all carriages of the company, and to all places 
 with respect to which the company have power to make by-laws 
 or regulations. 
 
 2. Every passenger shall enter or depart from a carriage by the 
 hindermost or conductor's platform, and not otherwise (c). 
 
 3. No passenger shall smoke inside any carriage. 
 
 4. No passenger or other person shall, while travelling in or 
 upon any carriage, play or perform upon any musical instrument. 
 
 5. A person in a state of intoxication shall not be allowed to 
 enter or mount upon any carriage, and if found in or upon any 
 
 (c) See Fred v. Bury (1900), Times Newspaper, July 21; (1901), 
 Jan. 26 (0. A.). 
 
 45(2)
 
 1566 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 carriage shall be immediately removed by or under the direction 
 of the conductor (d). 
 
 6. No person shall swear or use obscene or offensive language 
 whilst in or upon any carriage, or commit any nuisance in or 
 upon or against any carriage, or wilfully interfere with the com- 
 fort of any passenger (e). 
 
 7. No person shall wilfully cut, tear, soil, or damage the 
 cushions or the linings, or remove or deface any number plate, 
 printed or other notice, in or on the carriage, or break or serai di 
 uny window of or otherwise wilfully damage any carriage. Any 
 person acting in contravention of this regulation shall be liable 
 to the penalty prescribed by these by-laws and regulations, in 
 addition to the liability to pay the amount of any damage done. 
 
 8. A person whose dress or clothing might, in the opinion of 
 the conductor of a carriage, soil or injure the linings or cushions 
 of the carriage, or the dress or clothing of any passenger, or a 
 person who, in the opinion of the conductor, might for any other 
 reason be offensive to passengers, shall not be entitled to enter 
 or remain in the interior of any carriage, and may be prevented 
 from entering the interior of any carriage, and shall not enter 
 the interior of any carriage after having been requested not to 
 do so by the conductor, and, if found in the interior of any car- 
 riage, shall, on request of the conductor, leave the interior of the 
 carriage upon the fare, if previously paid, being returned. 
 
 9. Each passenger shall, upon demand, pay to the conductor 
 or other duly authorised officer of the company the fare legally 
 demandable for the journey (/) . 
 
 10. Each passenger shall show his ticket (if any) when required 
 so to do to the conductor or any duly authorised servant of the 
 company, and shall also when required so to do either deliver up 
 his ticket or pay the fare legally demandable for the distance 
 travelled over by such passenger (/). 
 
 11. A passenger not being an artisan, mechanic, or daily 
 labourer, within the true intent and meaning of the Acts of Par- 
 
 (rf) See Murgatroyd v. Blackburn an<1 Over Darwen Tramway Co. 
 (1887), 3T. L. E. 451. 
 
 (e} Discussed in Oentel v. Rapps, [1902] 1 K. B. 160; 71 L. J. 
 K. B. 105. 
 
 (/) See Egginton v. Pearl (1875), 33 L. T. (N. S.) 428, where this 
 by-lav/ was held to be reasonable.
 
 BY-LAWS TINDER TRAMWAYS ACT, 1870. 
 
 liament relating to the company, shall not use or attempt to use 
 any ticket intended only for such artisans, mechanics, or daily 
 labourers. 
 
 12. Personal or other luggage (including the tools of artisans, 
 mechanics, and daily labourers) shall, unless otherwise permitted 
 by the conductor, be placed on the front or driver's platform, and 
 not in the interior or on the roof of any carriage (#). 
 
 13. No passenger or other person not being a servant of the 
 company shall be permitted to travel on the steps or platforms 
 of any carriage, or stand either on the roof or in the interior, or 
 sit on the outside rail on the roof of any carriage, and shall cease 
 to do so immediately on request by the conductor (h). 
 
 14. No person, except a passenger or intending passenger, shall 
 enter or mount any carriage, and no person shall hold or hang on 
 by or to any part of any carriage, or travel therein otherwise than 
 on a seat, provided for passengers. 
 
 15. When any carriage contains the full number of passengers 
 which it is licensed to contain, no additional person shall enter, 
 mount, or remain in or on any such carriage when warned by the 
 conductor not to do so. 
 
 16. When a carriage contains the full licensed number of 
 passengers, a notice to that effect shall be placed in conspicuous 
 letters and in a conspicuous position on the carriage. 
 
 17. The conductor shall not permit any passenger beyond the 
 licensed number to enter or mount or remain in or upon any part 
 of a carriage. 
 
 18. No person shall enter, mount, or leave, or attempt to enter, 
 mount, or leave, any carriage whilst in motion. 
 
 19. No dog or other animal shall be allowed in or on any 
 carriage, except by permission of the conductor, nor in any case in 
 which the conveyance of such dog or other animal might be offen- 
 sive or an annoyance to passengers. No person shall take a dog 
 or other animal into any carriage after having been requested 
 not to do so by the conductor. Any dog or other animal taken 
 
 (0) See Greig v. Aberdeen District Tramways Co. (1890), 17 E. 808. 
 
 (h} This by-law or a similar one was held to protect the company in 
 an action by a passenger, who had committed a breach of it, for injuries 
 in Docherty v. Glasgow Tramway and Omnibus Co., Ltd. (1894), 32 
 S. L. E. 353; and Byrne v. Londonderry Tramway Co. (1902), 2 I. E. 
 457 (C. A.).
 
 1568 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 into or on any carriage in breach of this regulation shall be 
 removed by the person in charge of such dog or other animal 
 from the carriage immediately upon request by the conductor, 
 and in default of compliance with such request may be removed 
 by or under the direction of the conductor. 
 
 20. No person shall travel in or on any carriage of the company 
 with loaded fire-arms. 
 
 21. No passenger shall wilfully obstruct or impede any officer 
 or servant of the company in the execution of his duty upon or 
 in connection with any carriage or tramway of the company. 
 
 22. The conductor of each carriage shall enforce or prevent the 
 breach of these by-laws and regulations to the best of his ability . 
 
 23. Any persoA offending against or committing a breach of 
 any of these by-laws or regulations shall be liable to a penalty 
 not exceeding forty shillings (i). 
 
 24. The expression " conductor " shall include any officer or 
 servant in the employment of the company and having charge of 
 a carriage. 
 
 25. There shall be placed and kept placed in a conspicuous 
 position inside of each carriage in use a printed copy of these 
 by-laws and regulations. 
 
 26. These by-laws shall come into force on the - - day of 
 - 19-. 
 
 , Secretary of the Company. 
 
 [Certified in the same manner as the preceding set of by-laws.] 
 
 3. TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 
 Chapter . 
 
 An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made by the Board 
 of Trade under the Tramways Act, 1870, relating to - 
 Tramways. 
 
 WHEREAS under the authority of the Tramways Act, 1870, the 
 Board of Trade have made the several Provisional Orders set out 
 in the schedule to this Act annexed: 
 
 (*) See Tramways Act, 1870, s. 47. Penalties are recovered under 
 sect. 56 of the Act.
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 
 
 AND WHEREAS a Provisional Order made by the Board of Trade 
 under the authority of the said Act is not of any validity or 
 Force whatever until the confirmation thereof by Act of Parlia- 
 ment: 
 
 AND WHEREAS it is expedient that the several Provisional 
 Orders made by the Board of Trade under the authority of the 
 said Act, and set out in the schedule to this Act annexed, be 
 confirmed by Act of Parliament: 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, 
 by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal and Commons in this present Parliament assembled, 
 and by the authority of the same, as follows: 
 
 1 . This Act may be cited as the Tramways Orders Conn'rma- Short title, 
 tion (No. ) Act, 19. 
 
 2. The several orders as amended and set out in the schedule Confirmation 
 to this Act annexed shall be, and the same are hereby confirmed ^hedulp 8 in 
 and all the provisions thereof in manner and form as they are 
 
 set out in the said schedule shall, from and after the passing of 
 this Act, have full force and validity, and the dates of the same 
 respectively shall be the date of the passing of this Act. 
 
 3. [As in the Model Order, ante, p. 753.1 Protection of 
 
 houses of 
 labouring 
 SCHEDULE. class. 
 
 [NOTE. The model form of Order prepared by the Board of Trade for 
 departmental use is now to some extent obsolete, and the following 
 form has therefore been prepared from recent Orders. The pro- 
 moters have been treated as being a corporation, but the appropriate 
 alterations which are necessary where other bodies or persons are 
 promoters have been duly noted. This Model Order may be supple- 
 mented by clauses for the Model Order for a light railway of Class B, 
 ante, p. 791. Orders made under Private Legislation Procedure 
 (Scotland) Act, 1899, do not follow this form, but resemble special 
 Acts or Orders for Light Eailways of Class B.] 
 
 Corporation. 
 
 Order authorising the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the 
 Borough of - - to construct Tramways in their Borough. 
 
 PRELIMINARY. 
 
 1. This Order may be cited as the - - Corporation Tram- Short title, 
 ways Order, 19 .
 
 1570 
 
 Incorporation 
 of Arts. 
 
 Interpreta- 
 tion. 
 
 Promoters. 
 
 Lands. 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 2. The provisions of the Lands Clauses Acts (except with 
 respect to the purchase and taking of lands otherwise than by 
 agreement, and with respect to the entry upon lands by the pro- 
 moters of the undertaking), and of the Tramways Act, 1870, are 
 hereby incorporated with this Order except where the same are 
 inconsistent with or expressly varied by this Order (fc). 
 
 3. The several words, terms and expressions to which by the 
 Acts in whole or in part incorporated with this Order meanings 
 are assigned have in this Order the same respective meanings: 
 
 Provided that in this Order 
 
 The expression " the borough " means the borough of - , 
 in the county of . 
 
 The expression " the corporation " means the mayor, alder- 
 men and burgesses of the borough acting by the 
 council : 
 
 The expressions '' the tramways " and " the undertaking 
 mean respectively the tramways and works, and the 
 undertaking by this Order authorised: 
 
 The expression " mechanical power " includes steam, elec- 
 trical and every other motive power not being animal 
 power, and the word "engine' includes motor. 
 
 PROMOTERS. 
 
 4. The corporation shall be the promoters for the purposes of 
 this Order, and are in this Order referred to as " the promoters." 
 
 LANDS . 
 
 5. The promoters may 
 
 (a) subject to the sanction of the Local Government Board, 
 and under such conditions as they may prescribe from 
 time to time, appropriate and use for any of the pur- 
 poses of this Order, but subject to the provisions (if 
 
 (k~) These words do not mean that there must be variation or exception 
 in express terms; such variation or exception must be taken to occur 
 whenever the incorporated Act is inconsistent with and not applicable 
 to the incorporating Act: Weld v. 8. W. Rail. Co. (1833), 32 Beav. 340, 
 345. Similar decisions on words which were similar to but not the 
 same as these are: R. v. St. Luke's Vestry (1871), L. B. 7 Q. B. 148; 
 Sharpe v. Metropolitan District Rail. Co. (1880), 5 App. Gas. 425.
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1571 
 
 any) under which such lands were respectively ac- 
 quired, any lands not dedicated to public use from 
 time to time vested in them [being part of their cor- 
 porate estates (Z)]: 
 
 (b) by agreement from time to time purchase and acquire 
 for the purposes of the undertaking such lands as 
 they may require, and may from time to time sell, 
 let or dispose of any such lands which may not be 
 necessary for such purposes. Provided that all sums 
 received by the promoters from the sale of such lands, 
 or from fines or premiums on leases of the same, shall 
 be applied solely in repayment of outstanding loans, 
 and that such moneys shall not be applied to the pay- 
 ment of instalments or to payments into the sinking- 
 fund, except to such extent and upon such terms as 
 may be approved by the Local Government Board: 
 
 Provided that they shall not at any time hold for such purposes 
 more than five acres of land. Provided also that nothing in this 
 Order shall exonerate the promoters from any indictment, action 
 or other proceeding for nuisance in the event of any nuisance 
 being caused or permitted by them upon lands appropriated or 
 taken under the powers of this section. 
 
 [Where the promoters are not a local authority the following section 
 must be substituted: 
 
 SA. The promoters may by agreement from time to time pur- Lands by 
 chase, take on lease and acquire, for the purposes of the under- agre 
 taking, such lands as they may require, and may from time to time 
 sell, let or otherwise dispose of any such lands not required for 
 such purposes. Provided that they shall not at any time hold for 
 such purposes or for the purposes of any adjoining tramways they 
 may acquire more than five acres of land. Provided always, that 
 nothing in this Order shall exonerate the promoters from any 
 indictment, action or other proceeding for nuisance, in the event 
 of any nuisance being caused or permitted by them upon any 
 land acquired by them under this section.] 
 
 (I) The words in brackets will be omitted where the promoters are a 
 local authority other than the corporation of a borough.
 
 1572 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS. 
 
 ofTamways 6 ' The P r nw>ters may, subject to the provisions of this Order- 
 
 (a) construct and maintain in accordance with the plans and 
 
 sections deposited at the office of the Board of Trade 
 for the purposes of this Order (which plans and sec- 
 tions are in this Order referred to respectively as " the 
 deposited plans " and " the deposited sections ") the 
 tramways hereinafter described, with all proper rails, 
 points, plates, sleepers, junctions, turntables, turnouts, 
 weigh-bridges, crossings, passing-places, works and 
 conveniences connected therewith and for the purposes 
 thereof, and may work and use the same (m); 
 
 (b) erect, construct and provide on any lands taken or appro- 
 
 priated (n) under the powers of this Order offices, 
 stables, sheds, carriage, engine, boiler and dynamo 
 houses, and other buildings for the purposes of the 
 undertaking: 
 
 Provided that nothing in this Order, or in any Act wholly or 
 in part incorporated therewith, shall extend to or authorise any 
 interference with any works of any undertakers under the Electric 1 
 Lighting Acts, 1882 and 1888, to which the provisions of 
 sect. 15 (o) of the Act of 1882 apply, except in accordance with 
 and subject to the provisions of that section (p). 
 
 The tramways will be wholly situated within the borough, and 
 are as follows: 
 
 Tramway No. 1 ( furlongs, chains in length, whereof 
 
 furlongs, - - chains is single, and furlongs, 
 
 chains is double), commencing at - , passing 
 
 (TO) A sub-section in a special Act similar to this and another similar 
 to sect. 15, post, were discussed in Wilkinson and Marshall v. Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne Corporation (1902), 18 T. L. E. 332. It was there pointed 
 out that a connecting line between two routes is not a " junction " within 
 the meaning of this section. 
 
 (n) Where the promoters are not a local authority, substitute 
 " acquired." 
 
 (o) The section referred to provides for the removal on terms by under- 
 takers of the apparatus of other persons and authorities, and vice versa. 
 
 (p) After this section add any conditions precedent to the construction 
 of the tramways, such as road widenings (see Model Order, s. 11, ante, 
 p. 793).
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1<*>73 
 
 into and along - , and terminating in the last-named 
 road at -- . 
 
 Tramway No. 1 will be laid as a double line except at the 
 following places, where it will be laid as a single line: 
 In - Road, from - to - . 
 
 [Where the Order is for the reconstruction of an existing tramway, 
 substitute: 
 
 6A. Subject to the provisions of this Order, the promoters may, Reconstruc- 
 within the period of three years from the date of this Order, or 
 such extended period as the Board of Trade may allow, relay the 
 plates and rails of the tramways, or otherwise alter the present 
 construction thereof, for the purpose of adapting the same for 
 working by mechanical power, as by this Order authorised.] 
 
 [Where the promoters already have a tramway undertaking, one of the 
 following sections may be added: 
 
 GB. Subject to the provisions of this Order, the tramways shall Tramways to 
 for all purposes form part of the corporation tramways under- 
 
 taking, and the promoters and their lessees and their licensees dertakmgfor 
 
 , i n i ,1 all purposes. 
 
 may, in respect ot the tramways, exercise and enjoy all and the 
 like powers, rights, privileges and authorities which they now 
 may or are empowered to exercise and enjoy, and shall be subject 
 and liable to the like penalties, conditions, restrictions and stipu- 
 lations as they are subject and liable to with respect to the cor- 
 poration tramways undertaking, or any part thereof, and may 
 demand, take and recover in respect of the tramways or any part 
 or parts thereof the like tolls, rates and charges for the use thereof, 
 and for the conveyance thereon of traffic of all kinds, and for the 
 use of carriages placed and run thereon by them, as they are 
 authorised to demand and take in respect of the tramways autho- 
 rised by the - Tramways Order [Act], 19 . 
 
 Or, The provisions of the - Order [Act] shall, so far as Application 
 they are applicable in that behalf and are not inconsistent with the of order of 
 provisions of this Order, extend and apply mutatis mutandis to 
 and in relation to the tramways authorised by this Order as if 
 such tramways had formed part of the tramways authorised by 
 the - - Order [Act].] 
 
 [Here insert protective clauses, if any; specimens will be found in the 
 Model Orders, ante, pp. 761 sqq., 810 sqq.\
 
 1574 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Gauge and 
 width of 
 
 Provisions as 
 to conhtruc- 
 tion of 
 tramways. 
 
 7. The tramways shall be constructed on a gauge of four feet 
 eight and a half inches, or such other gauge as may from time to 
 time be determined by the Board of Trade on the application of 
 the promoters. Provided always, that in the event of the tram- 
 ways being constructed on a less gauge than four feet eight and a 
 half inches so much of sect. 34 of the Tramways Act, 1870, as 
 limits the extent of the carriages used on any tramways beyond 
 the outer edge of the wheels of such carriages shall not apply to 
 carriages used on the tramways, but in that case no engine or 
 carriage used on the tramways shall exceed six feet six inches 
 in width or such other width as may from time to time be pre- 
 scribed by the Board of Trade (q). 
 
 8. In addition to the requirements of sect. 26 of the Tramways 
 Act, 1870, the promoters shall [at the same time as they give 
 notice to the road authority of their intention to open or break 
 up any road for the purpose of constructing, laying down, main- 
 taining or renewing any of the tramways] lay before the Board 
 of Trade [and the road authority] a plan showing the proposed 
 mode of constructing, laying down, maintaining or renewing such 
 tramways, and a statement of the materials intended to be used 
 therein, and the promoters shall not commence the construction, 
 laying down, maintenance or renewal of any of the tramways, or 
 part of any of the tramways respectively, except for the purpose 
 of necessary repairs until such plan and statement have been 
 approved by the Board of Trade [and the road authority], and 
 after such approval the works shall be executed in accordance in 
 all respects with such plan and statement [and in places where 
 the promoters are not the sole road authority under the superin- 
 tendence and to the reasonable satisfaction of the surveyor of the 
 road authority as provided by the said section] (r). 
 
 (q) The width of carriage is regulated by a scale prescribed by the 
 Board of Trade, namely: 
 
 Maximum width 
 Gauge. of carriage. 
 
 4ft. Oin 6ft. 6in. 
 
 3ft. 6in 6ft. 4in. 
 
 3ft. Oin 6ft. Oin. 
 
 2ft. 6in 5ft. 6in. 
 
 2ft. Oin 5ft. Oin. 
 
 (/) The words in brackets must be added where the promoters are not
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1575 
 
 9. The rails of the tramways shall be such as the Board of Rails of 
 
 m j / N tramways. 
 
 Trade may approve (s). 
 
 10. (1) Tho promoters shall at all times maintain and keep Penalty for 
 in good condition and repair and so as not to be a danger or [^ ^i"' ^a" 
 annoyance to the ordinary traffic the rails of the tramways and road in good 
 the sub-structure up ;a which the same rest, and if the promoters 
 at any time fail to comply with this provision or with the pro- 
 visions of sect. 28 of the Tramways Act, 1870, they shall bo 
 subject to a penalty not exceeding five pounds for every day on 
 which such non-compliance continues. 
 
 (2) In case it is represented in writing to the Board of Trade 
 [by the road authority of any district in which the tramways, or 
 any portion thereof, are or is situate, or] (t) by twenty inhabitant 
 ratepayers of the [suoh] district, that the promoters have made 
 default in complying with the provisions in this section con- 
 tained or with any of the requirements of sect. 28 of the Tram- 
 ways Act, 1870, the Board of Trade may, if they think fit, direct 
 an inspection by an officer to be appointed by the said Board, and 
 if such officer reports that the default mentioned in such represen- 
 tation has been proved to his satisfaction, then and in every such 
 case a copy of such report, certified by a secretary or assistant 
 secretary of the Board of Trade, may be adduced as evidence of 
 such default, and of the liability of the promoters to such penalty 
 or penalties in respect thereof as is or are by this section imposed. 
 
 Where the promoters are not the sanitary authority add the following: 
 
 11. Every sanitary authority shall at all times have free access Sanitary 
 
 . . , . 11- authority to 
 
 to and communication with all their sewers and drains, and power have access 
 
 to lay lateral and private drains to communicate therewith, with- to 8ewers - 
 out the consent or concurrence of the promoters, and the pro- 
 visions contained in sects. 32 and 33 of the Tramways Act, 1870, 
 
 the solo road authority. Where the promoters are not a local authority 
 the same words must be added, except the words " where the promoters are 
 not the sole road authority " in the last sentence. 
 
 (s) Sometimes it is provided that the Board of Trade may require the 
 promoters to adopt improvements which experience has suggested on the 
 application of the local or road authority. (See Tramways Orders Con- 
 firmation (No. 2) (West Eiding, Knottingley Extension) Act, 1902 (2 
 Edw. 7, c. cciii.).) 
 
 () Omit where the promoters are the sole road authority.
 
 1576 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Tramways to 
 be kept on 
 level of sur- 
 face of road. 
 
 Alteration of 
 tramways. 
 
 shall be applicable in the case of any sewer or private drain of or 
 under the control of the sanitary authority as if the same were a 
 pipe for the supply of gas or water. 
 
 ' 12. If [the promoters or] (u) any [other] (u) road authority 
 hereafter alter the level of any road along or across which any. 
 part of the tramways is laid or authorised to be laid, the pn>- 
 moters may and shall from time to time alter or (as the case 
 may be) lay their rails so that the uppermost surface thereof shall 
 be on a level with the surface of the road as altered. 
 
 13. The promoters may, with the consent of the Board of 
 Trade [and the road authority] (#), lay down double lines in lieu 
 of single or interlacing lines, or single lines in lieu of double or 
 interlacing lines, or interlacing lines in lieu of double or single 
 lines on any of the tramways [and if at any time after the con- 
 struction of the tramways the road in which the same, or any 
 part thereof, is laid shall be altered in level or widened, the 
 promoters may, with the like consents, take up and remove such 
 tramways or part thereof and reconstruct the same in such posi- 
 tion as they may think fit], or [and may, with the like consents, 
 subject in places where the promoters may not be the road autho- 
 rity to the approval of that authority] (x] alter the position in 
 the road of any of the tramways or any part thereof respec- 
 tively. Provided that the uppermost surface thereof shall be 
 on a level with the surface of the road: 
 
 Provided further that in exercise of the powers of this section 
 no rail shall be so laid that a less space than nine feet six inches 
 shall intervene between it and the outside of the footpath on either 
 side of the road if one-third of the owners or one-third of the 
 occupiers of the premises abutting on the place where such less 
 space shall intervene shall by writing under their hands, addressed 
 and delivered to the promoters within three weeks after receiving 
 from the promoters notice of their intention (which notice the 
 promoters shall give one month before commencing any altera- 
 tions under this section), express their objection thereto. 
 
 (tt) Omit the words in brackets where the promoters are not the local 
 or road authority. If the promoters fail in their duty under this section, 
 apparently a mandamus may go against them. (Ex parte Acton, Middle- 
 sex, Local Board (1888), Times Newspaper, Nov. 6.) 
 
 (x) Omit these words where the promoters are the sole road authority.
 
 . TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1577 
 
 [Add the following section where required: 
 
 13A. In constructing and maintaining the tramways the pro- Power to 
 moters may, with the previous approval of the Board of Trade, 
 deviate laterally from the lines shown on the deposited plans to 
 any extent not exceeding one foot, but no such deviation shall be 
 made so that a less space than nine feet six inches shall intervene 
 between the outer rail of the tramway and the outer edge of the 
 footway on either side of the road, if one-third of the owners or 
 one-third of the occupiers of the premises abutting on the place 
 where such less space shall intervene shall, by writing under their 
 hands addressed and delivered to the promoters within three weeks 
 after receiving from the promoters notice of their intention, 
 express their objection thereto.] 
 
 14. Where in any road in which a double line of tramway is Cross-over 
 laid there shall be less width between the outside of the footpath roadstob e . 
 
 . constructed in 
 
 on either side of the road and the nearest rail of the tramway certain cases, 
 than nine feet six inches, the promoters shall if and where re- 
 quired by the Board of Trade construct a cross-over road or 
 roads connecting the one tramway with the other, and by the 
 means of such cross-over road or roads the traffic shall, when 
 necessary, be diverted from one tramway to the other. 
 
 15. The promoters may, subject to the provisions of this Order Additional 
 
 [with the consent of the local and road authorities] (/), from time cros s-over 
 
 roads, &c. may 
 to time make, maintain, alter and remove all such cross-over be made 
 
 roads, passing-places, sidings, junctions and other works in addi- w - 
 tion to those particularly specified in and authorised by this Order 
 as they find necessary for the efficient working of the tramwa} r s 
 or for forming junctions with other tramways, or for providing 
 access to any warehouses, stables or carriage-houses or Avorks of 
 the promoters [but in places where the promoters may not be the 
 road authority the same shall only be made subject to the approval 
 of the road authority] (2). Provided that in the construction 
 of any such works no rail shall be so laid that a less space than 
 nine feet six inches shall intervene between it and the outside of 
 the footpath on either side of the road if one-third of the owners 
 or one-third of the occupiers of the premises abutting on the 
 
 (y~) Insert where the promoters are not a local or road authority. 
 (z) Insert where the promoters are a road authority, but not the sole 
 road authority.
 
 1578 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Temporary 
 tramways 
 may be 
 made when 
 necessary . 
 
 Application of 
 road materials 
 excavated in 
 construction 
 of works. 
 
 place where such less space shall intervene shall, by writing under 
 their hands addressed and delivered to the promoters within three 
 weeks after receiving from the promoters notice of their inten- 
 tion (which notice the promoters shall give one month before com- 
 mencing any works under this section), express their objection 
 thereto. 
 
 16. Where by reason of the execution of any work affecting tin- 
 surface or soil of any road along which any of the tramways are 
 laid it is in the opinion of the [road authority] (a) necessary or 
 expedient temporarily to remove or discontinue the use of such 
 tramways or any part thereof the promoters may [subject to such 
 conditions and in accordance in all respects with such regulations 
 as the road authority may from time to time make] (6) construct 
 in the same or any adjacent road and [with the like consent, 
 subject to the like conditions and in accordance with the like 
 regulations] (ft) maintain so long as occasion may require a tem- 
 porary tramway or temporary tramways in lieu of the tramway 
 or part of the tramway so removed or discontinued [subject, in 
 places in which the promoters may not be the sole road authority, 
 to the approval of the road authority and to such regulations 
 as that authority maj^ make] (<?). 
 
 17. Any paving, metalling or material excavated by the pro- 
 moters in the construction of the tramways from any road under, 
 the jurisdiction or control of any road authority [other than the 
 promoters] (d} may be applied by the promoters so far as may 
 be necessary in or towards the re-instating of the road and the 
 maintenance for six months after completion of any of the tram- 
 ways within the district of such road authority of so much of the 
 roadway on either side of such tramways as the promoters are 
 
 (a) Substitute " promoters " where the promoters are a road authority. 
 
 (6) Insert these words where the promoters are not a road authority. 
 
 (c) Add these words where the promoters are not the sole road 
 authority. 
 
 (a) Insert where the promoters are a road authority, but not the sole 
 road authority. A provision, which, however, is unnecessary, may be 
 added to the effect that the material on roads which are within the 
 jurisdiction of the promoters as road authority shall vest in them. Where 
 the promoters are not a road authority, a provision may be inserted 
 limiting the time within which the promoters must remove the material 
 which has vested in them on the failure of the road authority to remove it.
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1679 
 
 by this Order required to maintain, and the promoters shall, if 
 so required, deliver the surplus paving, metalling or material not 
 used or required to be retained for the purposes aforesaid to the 
 surveyor of such road authority, or to such person as ho may 
 appoint to receive the same, at such place as he may direct. Pro- 
 vided that if within seven days after the setting aside of the 
 surplus arising from the excavation of any such paving, metalling 
 or material, and notice duly given, such surplus is not removed by 
 such surveyor or by some other person named by him for that pur- 
 pose, such surplus paving, metalling or material shall absolutely 
 vest in and belong to the promoters, and may be dealt with, 
 removed and disposed of by them in such manner as they may 
 think fit. Any difference between the promoters and any road, 
 authority or surveyor or other person, with reference to any of 
 the matters aforesaid, shall be settled by a referee to be nominated 
 by the Board of Trade on the application of either party. 
 
 18. The tramways shall not be opened for public traffic until Tramways 
 the same have been inspected and certified to be fit for such traffic opened until 
 
 by the Board of Trade (e). certified by 
 
 Board of 
 Trade. 
 
 MOTIVE POWER. 
 
 19. The carriages used on the tramways may be moved by Provisions M 
 animal power or, subject to the following provisions, by 
 mechanical power (that is to say): 
 
 (1) The mechanical power shall not be used except with the 
 
 consent of and according to a system approved by the 
 Board of Trade: 
 
 (2) The Board of Trade shall make regulations (in this Order 
 
 referred to as " the Board of Trade regulations ") for 
 securing to the public all reasonable protection against 
 
 (e) The Attorney-General may obtain an injunction where a tram- 
 way has been opened without being certified: Att.-Gen. v. Southall, 
 Baling, &c. Co. (1874), Times Newspaper, July 10; see also Devonport 
 Corporation v. Plymouth, Devonport and District Tramways Co. (1884), 
 52 L. T. 161. Eule XXV. of the Rules under the Tramways Act, 1870, re- 
 quires the promoters to give the Board of Trade at least fourteen days' 
 notice in writing of their intention to open any tramway or portion of 
 tramway. Certain documents must accompany the notice, and provision 
 is made for inspection and a certificate is to be granted by the Board 
 of Trade before the tramway is opened for public traffic. 
 
 B. VOL. II. 46
 
 1580 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 danger arising from the use under this Order of mecha- 
 nical power on the tramways and for regulating the use 
 of electrical power (/) : 
 
 (3) The promoters or any company or person using any 
 
 mechanical power on the tramways contrary to the pro- 
 visions of this Order or of the Board of Trade regula- 
 tions shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty 
 not exceeding ten pounds, and also in the case of a con- 
 tinuing offence to a further penalty not exceeding five 
 pounds for every day during which such offence is con- 
 tinued after conviction thereof: 
 
 (4) The Board of Trade if they are of opinion 
 
 (a) that the promoters or such company or person have 
 or has mado default in complying with the provi- 
 sions of this Order or of the Board of Trade 
 regulations, whether a penalty in respect of such 
 non-compliance has or has not been recovered; or 
 
 (b) that the use of mechanical power as authorised 
 under this Order is a danger to the passengers 
 or the public; 
 
 may by order either direct the promoters or such com- 
 pany or person to cease to use such mechanical power 
 or permit the same to be continued only subject to such 
 conditions as the Board of Trade may impose, and the 
 promoters or such company or person shall comply with 
 every such order. In every such case the Boaxd of Trade 
 shall make a special report to Parliament notifying tho 
 making of such order (g). 
 
 Mechanical 20. For the purpose of working any of the tramways by mecha- 
 8f nical power, the promoters [and their lessees] (h), subject to the 
 
 (/) These various regulations are printed in a Model Form issued by 
 the Board of Trade. 
 
 (0) There may be added, where the promoters are not a local authority, 
 " provided that save under exceptional and temporary circumstances 
 animal or steam power shall not be used on the tramways except with the 
 consent of the local authority," or, where several local authorities are con- 
 cerned, " with the consent of the majority of the local authorities within 
 whose districts it is proposed to use such power." 
 
 (h) Omit these words where the promoters are not a local authority and 
 have no power to lease,
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1581 
 
 provisions of this Order [(and as to the lessees, subject to the 
 terms of their lease)] (&), may 
 
 (a) construct, provide, maintain and use on any lands [appro- 
 
 priated or] ({) acquired under the powers of this Order, 
 stations for generating electrical power, with all neces- 
 sary or proper machinery, dynamos, engines, buildings, 
 works and conveniences; 
 
 (b) [subject to the reasonable approval of the local and road 
 
 authority and to such reasonable terms and conditions as 
 those authorities may impose, and subject to the approval 
 of the local authority as to the design of works] (fc), 
 place, construct, erect, lay down, make and maintain 
 on, in, under or over the surface of any street or road, 
 posts, electric mains, wires, apparatus, subways, tunnels, 
 cables, tubes and openings; 
 
 (c) with the consent of the owners and occupiers of any houses 
 
 or buildings, affix to such houses or buildings or main- 
 tain brackets, wires and apparatus. 
 
 21. All works to bo executed by the promoters [or their Mechanical 
 lessees] (/*), in any street or road for working the tramways by ^ be^uWrot 
 mechanical power in pursuance of the powers of this Order, shall to Tramways 
 be deemed to be works of a tramway, subject in all respects (save 
 
 as by this Order otherwise expressly provided) to the provisions 
 of the Tramways Act, 1870, as in this Order incorporated, as if 
 they had been therein expressly mentioned. 
 
 22. Subject to the provisions of this Order, the Board of Trade By-laws, 
 may make by-laws with regard to any part of the tramways 
 
 upon which mechanical power may be used for all or any of the 
 following purposes (that is to say): 
 
 For regulating the use of any bell, whistle, or other warning 
 
 apparatus fixed to the engine or carriages; 
 For regulating the emission of smoke or steam from engines 
 
 used on the tramways; 
 
 For providing that engines and carriages shall be brought to a 
 stand at the intersection of cross streets, and at such 
 
 (/<) See note (/;), opposite page. 
 
 (i) Omit these words where the promoters are not a local authority. 
 (Jc) Insert these words where the promoters are not the local and 
 road authority. 
 
 46(2)
 
 1582 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Amendment 
 of Tramways 
 Act, 1*70, as 
 to by-laws 
 by local 
 authority. 
 
 Special pro- 
 visions as to 
 use of electri- 
 cal power. 
 
 places and in such cases of horses being frightened, or 
 of impending danger, as the Board of Trade may deem 
 proper for securing safety; 
 
 For regulating the entrance to, exit from and accommodation 
 in the carriages used on the tramways, and the protec- 
 tion of passengers from the machinery used for pro- 
 pelling such carriages; 
 
 For providing for the due publicity of all by-laws and Board 
 of Trade regulations in force for the time being in 
 relation to the tramways, by exhibition of the same in 
 conspicuous places on the carriages and elsewhere. 
 Any person offending against or committing a breach of any 
 of the by-laws made by the Board of Trade under the authority 
 of this Order, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding forty 
 shillings. 
 
 23. The provisions of the Tramways Act, 1870, relating to 
 the making of by-laws by the local authority with respect to the 
 rate of speed to be observed in travelling on the tramways, shall 
 not authorise the local authority to make any by-law sanction- 
 ing a higher rate of speed than that authorised by the Board of 
 Trade regulations at which engines are to be driven or propelled 
 on the tramways under the authority of this Order; but the by- 
 laws of the local authority may restrict the rate of speed to a 
 lower rate than that so authorised. 
 
 24. The following provisions shall apply to the use of electrical 
 power under this Order, unless such power is entirely contained 
 in and carried abng with ths carriages: 
 
 (1) The promoters shall employ either insulated returns or 
 
 uninsulated metallic returns of low resistance: 
 
 (2) The promoters shall take all reasonable precautions in con- 
 
 structing, placing and maintaining their electric lines 
 and circuits, and other works of all descriptions, and 
 also in working their undertaking so as not injuriously 
 to affect by fusion or electrolytic action any gas or water 
 pipes, or other metallic pipes, structures or substances, 
 or to interfere with the working of any wire, line or 
 apparatus from time to time used for the purpose of 
 transmitting electrical power, or of telegraphic, tele- 
 phonic or electric signalling communication, or the cur- 
 rents in such wire, line or apparatus:
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 
 
 (3) The electrical power shall be used only in accordance with 
 
 the Board of Trade regulations, and in such regulations 
 provision shall be made for preventing fusion or in- 
 jurious electrolytic action of or on gas or water pipes 
 or other metallic pipes, structures or substances, and for 
 minimising as far as is reasonably practicable injurious 
 interference with the electric wires, lines and apparatus 
 of other parties and the currents therein, whether such 
 lines do or do not use the earth as a return: 
 
 (4) The promoters shall be deemed to take all reasonable pre- 
 
 cautions against interference with the working of any 
 wire, line or apparatus, if and so long as they adopt and 
 employ at the option of the promoters either such insu- 
 lated returns or such uninsulated metallic returns of 
 low resistance, and such other means of preventing in- 
 jurious interference with the electric wires, lines and 
 apparatus of other parties and the currents therein as 
 may be prescribed by the Board of Trade regulations, 
 and in prescribing such means the Board shall have 
 regard to the expenses involved and to the effect thereof 
 upon the commercial prospects of the undertaking: 
 
 (5) At the expiration of two years from the passing of the 
 
 Act confirming this Order the provisions of this section 
 shall not operate to give any right of action in respect 
 of injurious interference with any electric wire, line, or 
 apparatus, or the currents therein, unless in the con- 
 struction, erection, maintaining and working of such 
 wire, line and apparatus all reasonable precautions, in- 
 cluding the use of an insulated return, have been taken 
 to prevent injurious interference therewith, and with 
 the currents therein, by or from other electric currents: 
 
 (6) If any difference arises between the promoters and any 
 
 other party with respect to anything hereinbefore in this 
 section contained, such difference shall, unless the parties 
 otherwise agree, be determined by the Board of Trade, or 
 at the option of the Board by an arbitrator to be 
 appointed by the Board, and the costs of such determina- 
 tion shall be in the discretion of the Board or of the- 
 arbitrator as the cass may be: 
 [(GA) When any department of His Majesty's Government
 
 1584 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 represents to the Board of Trade that the use of elec- 
 trical power under this Order injuriously affects, or is 
 likely to injuriously affect, any instruments or appa- 
 ratus, whether electrical or not, used in any observatory 
 or laboratory belonging to or under the control of that 
 department, the Board of Trade, after such inspection 
 or inquiry as they may think proper, may by thoir 
 special regulations require the promoters to use such 
 reasonable and proper precautions, including insulated 
 returns, as the Board of Trade may deem necessary. for 
 the prevention of such injurious affection. For the pur- 
 poses of this sub-section any inspector of the Board of 
 Trade may, during his inspection of the promoters' woi j ks 
 and apparatus, be accompanied by any person or persons 
 appointed in that behalf by the Government department 
 concerned, and the promoters shall give all due facilities 
 for the inspection. Provided that in the case of any 
 observatory or laboratory established after the com- 
 mencement of this Order, or of any instruments or appa- 
 ratus hereafter used in any existing observatory or 
 laboratory which may be of greater delicacy than those 
 used therein at the commencement of this Order, the 
 Board of Trade shall consider to what extent, if any, it 
 is expedient in the interests of the public that the powers 
 of this sub-section should be exercised, regard being had 
 to the site of the observatory or laboratory or the pur- 
 poses of the instruments or apparatus as the case 
 may be ():] 
 
 (7) The expression " the promoters " in this section shall 
 include [their lessees and (m)] any person owning, work- 
 ing or running carriages over any tramways of the 
 promoters. 
 
 *iPom&st 25. (a) Notwithstanding anything in this Order or in the 
 
 General. Order of 1901 contained, if any of the works by this Order 
 
 authorised involves, or is likely to involve, any alteration of tiny 
 
 (/) This clause will be added where the Board of Trade think it neces- 
 sary. 
 
 (TO) Omit where the promoters are not a local authority and have no 
 power of leasing.
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1585 
 
 telegraphic line belonging to or used by His Majesty's Post- 
 master-General, the provisions of sect. 7 of the Telegraph Act, 
 1878 (ri), shall apply (instead of the provisions of sect. 30 of 
 the Tramways Act, 1870) to any such alteration. 
 
 (b) In the event of the tramways or any part thereof being 
 worked by electricity, the following provisions shall have effect: 
 
 (1) The promoters shall construct their electric lines and other 
 
 works of all descriptions, and shall work the undertaking 
 in all respects with due regard to the telegraphic lines 
 from time to time used or intended to be used by the- 
 Postmaster-General and the currents in such telegraphic 
 lines, and shall use every reasonable means in the con- 
 struction of their electric lines and other works of all 
 descriptions and the working of their undertaking to 
 prevent injurious affection, whether by induction or 
 otherwise, to such telegraphic lines or the currents 
 therein. Any difference which arises between the Post- 
 master-General and the promoters as to compliance with 
 this sub-section shall be determined by arbitration: 
 
 (2) If any telegraphic line of the Postmaster-General is injuri- 
 
 ously affected by the construction by the promoters of 
 their electric lines and works, or by the working of their 
 undertaking, the promoters shall pay the expense of all 
 such alterations in the telegraphic lines of the Post- 
 master-General as may be necessary to remedy such 
 injurious affection: 
 
 (3) Before any electric line is laid down, or any act or work 
 
 for working the tramways by electricity is done within 
 ten yards of any part of a telegraphic line of the Post- 
 master-General (other than repairs), the promoters or 
 their agents, not more than twenty-eight nor less than 
 fourteen days before commencing the work, shall give 
 written notice to the Postmaster-General specifying the 
 course of the line and the nature of the work, including 
 the gauge of any wire, and the promoters and their 
 agents shall conform with such reasonable requirements 
 
 () 41 & 42 Viet. c. 76, s. 7, provides for the giving of notice to the 
 Postmaster-General, and enables the Postmaster-General, if he thinks fit, 
 to carry out the alterations himself.
 
 1536 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 (either general or special) as may from time to time 
 be made by the Postmaster-General for the purpose of 
 preventing any telegraphic line of the Postmaster- 
 General from being injuriously affected by the said act 
 or work. Any difference which arises between the Post- 
 master-General and the promoters or their agents with 
 respect to any requirements so made shall be determined 
 by arbitration: 
 
 (4) If any telegraphic line of the Postmaster-General situate 
 
 within one mile of any portion of the works of the 
 promoters is injuriously affected, and he is of opinion 
 that such injurious affection is or may be due to the 
 construction of the works of the promoters or to the 
 working of their undertaking, the enginecr-in-chief of 
 the Post Office, or any person appointed in writing by 
 him, may at all times when electrical energy is being 
 generated by the promoters enter any of the works of 
 the promoters for the purpose of inspecting the plant of 
 the promoters and the working of the same, and the 
 promoters shall, in the presence of such engineer-in- 
 chief, or such appointed person as aforesaid, make any 
 electrical tests required by the Postmaster-General, and 
 shall produce for the inspection of the Postmaster- 
 General the records kept by the promoters pursuant to 
 the Board of Trade regulations: 
 
 (5) In the event of any contravention of or wilful non-com- 
 
 pliance with this section by the promoters or their 
 agents, the promoters shall be liable to a fine not exceed- 
 ing 10 for every day during which such contravention 
 or non-compliance continues, or if the telegraphic com- 
 munication is wilfully interrupted, not exceeding 50 
 for every day on which such interruption continues: 
 
 (6) Provided that nothing in this section shall subject the 
 
 promoters or their agents to a fine under this section if 
 they satisfy the Court having cognizance of the case 
 that the immediate doing of any act or the execution of 
 any work in respect of which the penalty is claimed was 
 required to avoid an accident, or otherwise was a work 
 of emergency, and that they forthwith served on the 
 postmaster or sub-postmaster of the postal telegraph
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 
 
 office nearest to the place where the act or work was done 
 a notice of the execution thereof stating the reason for 
 doing or executing the same without previous notice: 
 
 (7) For the purposes of this section a telegraph line of the 
 
 Postmaster-General shall be deemed to be injuriously 
 affected by an act or work if telegraphic communication 
 by means of such line is, whether through induction or 
 otherwise, in any manner affected by such act or work, 
 or by any use made of such work: 
 
 (8) For the purposes of this section and subject as therein 
 
 provided, sects. 2, 10, 11 and 12 of the Telegraph Act, 
 1878, shall be deemed to be incorporated Avith this 
 order (o) : 
 
 (9) The expression " electric line " has the same meaning in 
 
 this section as in the Electric Lighting Act, 1882 (p): 
 
 (10) Any question or difference arising under this section which 
 
 is directed to be determined by arbitration shall be 
 determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Board 
 of Trade, on the application of either party, whose deci- 
 sion shall be final, and sects. 30 to 32, both inclusive, of 
 the Regulation of Railways Act, 1868 (g), shall apply 
 in like manner as if the promoters or their agents werp 
 a company within the meaning of that Act: 
 
 (11) Nothing in this section contained shall be held to deprive 
 
 the Postmaster-General of any existing right to pro- 
 ceed against the promoters by indictment, action or 
 otherwise in relation to any of the matters aforesaid: 
 
 (o) Sect. 2 is a definition section, sects. 10 and 11 provide for the prose- 
 cution of offences and the recovery of money by the Postmaster-General, 
 and sect. 12 deals with the authentication, service, &c. of documents. 
 
 (p) 45 & 46 Viet. c. 56. The definition is (sect. 32):" A wire or wires, 
 conductor or other means used for the purpose of conveying, transmitting 
 or distributing electricity, with any casing, coating, covering, tube, pipe 
 or insulator enclosing, surrounding or supporting the same, or any part 
 thereof, or any apparatus connected therewith for the purpose of conveying, 
 transmitting or distributing electricity or electric currents." 
 
 (g) 31 & 32 Viet. c. 119. Sects. 3032 provide for the appointment and 
 remuneration of the arbitrator, and apply Railway Companies Arbitration 
 Act, 1859 (22 & 23 Viet. c. 59), ss. 1829, which deal with the conduct of 
 arbitrations. 
 
 1587
 
 1588 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Traffic upon 
 tramways. 
 
 [Promoters' 
 lessees] () not 
 bound 
 to carry 
 animals, 
 goods, &c. 
 
 Provisions as 
 to carriage of 
 animals, 
 goods, &c. 
 
 [Promoters' 
 lessees] (s) not 
 to cany 
 animals or 
 goods. 
 
 Promoters to 
 run rejruhir 
 daily service 
 of cars. 
 
 (12) In this section the expression " the promoters " includes 
 [their lessees and] (r) any person owning, working or 
 running carriages over any tramways of the promoters 
 or any part thereof. 
 
 TRAFFIC UPON TRAMWAYS. 
 
 26. The tramways may be used for the purpose of conveying 
 passengers, animals, goods, minerals and parcels. 
 
 27. The [promoters' lessees] (s) shall not be bound to carry, 
 unless they think fit, any animals, goods, minerals or parcels, 
 other than passengers' luggage not exceeding twenty-eight pounds 
 in weight. 
 
 28. In case the [promoters' lessees] (s) carry animals, goods, 
 minerals or parcels, they may, and when required by the [cor-> 
 poratiori] (t) shall, carry the same in separate carriages, or sepa- 
 rate parts of carriages, set apart for that purpose: Provided that 
 this provision shall not apply to the carriage of passengers' 
 luggage not exceeding twenty-eight pounds in weight. 
 
 [Where animals and goods are not to be carried, substitute for the last 
 three sections: 
 
 28A. The [promoters' lessees] (s) shall not carry on the tram- 
 ways any goods, animals, or other things, other than passengers 
 and passengers' luggage, not exceeding twenty-eight pounds in 
 weight, and small parcels.] 
 
 {28s. (1) The promoters shall run over the entire system of 
 tramways by this Order authorised a sufficient and regular daily 
 service of cars. 
 
 (2) Any matter in difference between the local authorities or 
 any of them and the promoters as to the sufficiency of the service 
 upon the system, or any part of the system, shall from time to 
 time be referred to the arbitration of a person nominated by the 
 Board of Trade, and the provisions of this Order as to arbitra- 
 tion shall apply accordingly. 
 
 (r) Omit where the promoters are not a local authority and have no 
 power to lease. 
 
 (s) Where the promoters are not a local authority, or are a local autho- 
 rity with power to work the tramways, substitute " promoters." 
 
 () Where the promoters are not a local authority substitute "local 
 authority."
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1589 
 
 (3) The promoters shall be liable to a penalty of five pounds 
 for every day during which they fail to give effect to any decision 
 of a referee under this section, and such penalty may be recovered 
 as by this Order provided by any local authority interested (*)] 
 
 28c. [A section may be inserted here, if desired, similar to sect. 53 of Local author i- 
 tho Model Order, ante, p. 822, giving local and road authorities power to au thorities 
 use the tramways for sanitary purposes, and to make the necessary June- mayusetram- 
 tions. If the promoters are a local authority, the junctions alone and not w ?ys for cer- 
 the user need to be provided for.] 
 
 RATES. 
 
 [Throughout this portion of the Order " promoters " must be substituted 
 for " promoters' lessees," where the promoters are not a local authority 
 or are a local authority with power to work the tramways.] 
 
 29. The [promoters' lessees] may demand and take for every Passengers' 
 passenger travelling upon the tramways, or any part' thereof, 
 including every expense incidental to such conveyance, any rates 
 
 or charges not exceeding one penny per mile (and for this purpose 
 a fraction of a mile beyond an integral number of miles shall be 
 deemed a mile), but in no case shall the promoters' lessees be 
 bound to charge a less sum than twopence (x). 
 
 30. The promoters or any person working or using the tram- As to fares on 
 ways shall not take or demand on Sunday or any public or local holidays, 
 holiday any higher rates or charges than those levied by them 
 
 on ordinary week days. 
 
 31. Every passenger travelling upon the tramways may take Passengers' 
 with him his personal luggage not exceeding twenty-eight pounds 
 
 in weight without any charge being made for the carriage thereof. 
 Provided that all such personal luggage be carried by hand and at 
 the responsibility of the passenger, and do not occupy any part of 
 a seat nor be of a form or description to annoy or inconvenience 
 other passengers. 
 
 32. (1) The [promoters' lessees] at all times after the opening Cheap fares 
 of the tramways for public traffic shall and they are hereby 
 required to run a proper and sufficient service of carriages for 
 artisans, mechanics, and daily labourers each way every morning 
 
 (w) This provision may be usefully inserted where the promoters are 
 not a local authority. 
 
 (x) The amounts in italics are the amounts usually authorised.
 
 1590 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Rites and 
 charges for 
 animals, 
 goods, &c. 
 
 Payment of 
 rates. 
 
 Periodical 
 revision of 
 rates and 
 charges. 
 
 and every evening (Sundays, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and 
 public holidays always excepted) at suoh hours not being later 
 than eight in the morning or earlier than five in the evening 
 respectively as may be most convenient for such workmen going 
 to and returning from their work, at fares not exceeding one 
 half -penny for every mile or fraction of that distance. On Satur- 
 days the [promoters' lessees], in lieu of running such carriages 
 after five o'clock in the evening, shall run the same at such hours 
 between noon and two o'clock in the afternoon as may be most 
 convenient for the said purposes. 
 
 (2) If complaint is made to the Board of Trade that such 
 proper and sufficient service is not provided, the Board, after con- 
 sidering the circumstances of the locality, may by order direct 
 the [promoters' lessees] to provide such service as may appear to 
 the Board to be reasonable. 
 
 (3) The [promoters' lessees] shall be liable to a penalty not 
 exceeding five pounds for every day during which they fail to 
 comply with any order under this section. 
 
 33. The [promoters' lessees] may demand and take in respect 
 of any animals, goods, minerals, or parcels conveyed by them on 
 the tramways, including every expense incidental to such convey- 
 ance, any rates or charges not exceeding the rates and charges 
 specified in the schedule to this Order annexed, subject to the 
 regulations in that behalf therein contained. 
 
 34. The rates and charges by this Order authorised shall be 
 paid to such persons and at such places upon or near to the tram- 
 ways and in such manner and under such regulations as the 
 [promoters' lessees] may by notice to be annexed to the list of 
 rates and charges appoint. 
 
 35. If at any time after three years from the opening for public 
 traffic of the tramways, or any portion thereof, or after three 
 years from the date of any order made in pursuance of this sec- 
 tion in respect of the tramways, or any portion thereof, it is 
 represented in writing to the Board of Trade [by the promoters 
 or by their lessees, or by twenty inhabitant ratepayers of the 
 borough] (y] that under the circumstances then existing all or 
 
 (y) Where the promoters are not a looal authority substitute " by the 
 local authority of any district in which the tramways or such portion are 
 or is wholly or partially situate, or by twenty inhabitant ratepayers of 
 the district, or by the promoters."
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1591 
 
 any of the rates and charges demanded and taken in respect of 
 the traffic on the tramways, or on such portion, should be revised, 
 the Board of Trade may (if they think fit) direct an inquiry 
 by a referee to be appointed by the said Board, in accordance 
 with the provisions of the Tramways Act, 18 TO, and if such 
 referee reports that it has been proved to his satisfaction that 
 all or any of the rates or charges should be revised, the said Board 
 may make an order in writing altering, modifying, reducing, or 
 increasing all or any of the rates and charges to be demanded 
 and taken in respsot of the traffic on the tramways, or on such 
 portion of the tramways, in such manner as they think fit, and 
 thenceforth such order shall be observed until the same is revoked 
 or modified by an order of the Board of Trade made in pursuance 
 of this section. Provided always that the rates and charges pre- 
 scribed by any such order shall not exceed in amount the rates 
 and charges by this Order authorised. Provided also that a 
 copy of this section shall be annexed to every table or list of rates 
 published or exhibited by the promoters [or their lessees]. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS . 
 
 36. Notwithstanding anything in the Tramways Act, 1870, to Power to 
 the contrary, the corporation may place and run carriages on, ^work" ** 
 and may work and may demand and take rates and charges in tramways, 
 respect of the tramways and in respect of the use of such carriages, 
 and may provide such stables, buildings, carriages, trucks, horses, 
 harness, engines, machinery, apparatus, steam, cable, electrical 
 and other plant, appliances and conveniences as may be requisite 
 or expedient for the convenient working or user of the said tram- 
 ways by animal or mechanical power, and in such case the several 
 provisions in this Order contained relating to the working of the 
 tramways and the taking of rates and charges therefor shall 
 extend and apply, mutatis mutandis, to and in relation to the 
 corporation, and the corporation may work such tramways and 
 demand and recover such rates and charges accordingly, but 
 nothing in this section shall empower the corporation to construct 
 any station for generating electrical power nor to create or permit 
 a nuisance. 
 
 [36A. Notwithstanding anything in this Order or in the Tram- As to pur- 
 ways Act, 1870, contained, the powers of purchase given by **
 
 1592 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 undertaking 
 by local 
 authorities. 
 
 Regulations. 
 
 "Working 
 agreements. 
 
 sect. 43 of that Act shall not bo exerciseable by any of the local 
 authorities of the districts through which the tramways shall pass 
 until tho expiration of a period of - years from the date of 
 this Order. The period of twenty-one years in the said section 
 mentioned shall in respect of the undertaking be deemed to be 
 
 the period of years from the said date, and the periods of 
 
 seven years in the said section mentioned shall be deemed to be 
 periods of seven years subsequent to such period of - years (2).] 
 
 37. The regulations authorised by the Tramways Act, 1870, 
 to be made by the promoters of any tramway and their lessees 
 may, with respect to any tramways or portions o,f tramways for 
 the time being, belonging to and worked by the corporation, be 
 made by the corporation alone. 
 
 38. The promoters may, with the consent of the Board of 
 Trade, from time to time, but subject to the provisions of this 
 Order 
 
 (1) enter into and fulfil contracts and agreements with any 
 
 person or local authority who are authorised to enter 
 into such contracts and agreements and are tho owners 
 or lessees of any tramways in the borough or in any 
 adjacent district which can be worked with any of the 
 tramways of the corporation with respect to 
 
 (a) tho construction of the whole or any part of the 
 tramways by this Order authorised; 
 
 (b) the use, maintenance and management by the con- 
 tracting parties, or any or either of them, of the whole 
 or any part of their respective tramway undertakings; 
 
 (c) the interchange, accommodation and forwarding 
 of carriages, passengers, and traffic coming from or 
 destined for the respective undertakings of the contract- 
 ing parties; and 
 
 (d) the fixing, collecting and apportionment of the 
 rates, charges and other receipts arising from such 
 traffic ; 
 
 (2) confirm any such contracts and agreements which may have 
 
 (2) To be inserted where the promoters are not a local authority and it 
 is desired to vary the terms of sect. 43 of the Act, as is now usual in 
 tramway orders. Other purchase clauses, embodying the usual terms of 
 purchase, will be found in the Model Order, ante, pp. 835 sqq.
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1593 
 
 been entered into before the confirmation of this 
 Order (a). 
 
 Insert, where the promoters are not a road authority, or not the sole 
 road authority: 
 
 39. The promoters and any road authority may, subject to the Agreements 
 provisions of this Order and with the consent of the Board of authorities. 
 Trade, from time to time enter into any agreements with respect 
 
 to the construction, maintaining, renewing, repairing and using 
 of the tramways situated within the district of such road autho- 
 rity, and the rails, plates, sleepers and works connected there- 
 with, and the facilitating of the traffic over the same. 
 
 40. The promoters may include in any mortgage of the local Moitgaaresto 
 rate made under sect. 20 of the Tramways Act, 1870, the moneys and^ate^ 11 
 coming to them out of the rents reserved under any lease made 
 
 under the authority of the Tramways Act, 1870, or this Order, 
 and the rates, charges and sums authorised to be taken or received 
 by them under the provisions of this Order. 
 
 41 . Nothing in this Order or in the Tramways Act, 1870, con- Saving as to 
 tained shall prevent the promoters borrowing money on the borro^in^ on 
 security of mortgages of the undertaking, or shall make the con- mortgage, 
 sent or approval of the Board of Trade necessary to the validity or 
 
 effect of any such mortgage. Provided that every mortgage of 
 the undertaking shall be deemed to comprise all purchase-money 
 which may be paid to the promoters in the event of a compulsory 
 sale of the undertaking, or any part thereof, to the local autho- 
 rity under sect. 43 of the Tramways Act, 1870, as amended by 
 this Order, and that any mortgage granted by the promoters 
 shall not be a charge upon the undertaking, or any part thereof, 
 in the event of the undertaking or such part being purchased by 
 the local authority under the said section as so amended, and that 
 every mortgage deed granted by the promoters shall be endorsed 
 with notice to that effect. . 
 
 42. All orders, regulations, and by-laws made, and consents Ordprs, &c. 
 and certificates given, by the Board of Trade under the authority of Trade 
 this Order shall be signed by a secretary or an assistant-secretary 
 
 of the Board, and when purporting to be so signed the same shall 
 
 (a) Other forms of this section will be found in sects. 54a, 54b of the 
 Model Order, ante, p. 823.
 
 1594 
 
 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Recovery of 
 penalties. 
 
 Audit of 
 accounts. 
 
 Protection 
 of local 
 authority. 
 
 Power to hold 
 patents. 
 
 Form and 
 delivery of 
 notices. 
 
 be deemed to be duly made in accordance with the provisions of 
 this Order, and to be orders and regulations within the meaning 
 of the Documentary Evidence Acts, 1868 and 1882 (6), and may 
 be proved accordingly. 
 
 43. Any penalty under this Order, or under any by-laws or 
 regulations made under this Order, may be recovered in manner 
 provided by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts (c). 
 
 44. Sects. 246 and 250 of the Public Health Act, 1875 (d), 
 shall apply to the audit of accounts of the receipts and expendi- 
 ture of the promoters and their officers with respect to the tram- 
 ways as if such accounts related to receipts and expenditure under 
 that Act. 
 
 45. Sect. 265 (protection of local authority and their officers 
 from personal liability) of the Public Health Act, 1875, is hereby 
 incorporated with this Order, and in construing that section for 
 the purposes of this Order the expression " this Act " where 
 used in that section shall mean this Order (e). 
 
 46. The promoters may, subject to the provisions of this Order 
 (but only for the purposes of the undertaking, and not so as to 
 acquire any exclusive right therein), acquire, hold, and use any 
 patent or other rights and any licences to use patent rights relat- 
 ing to the construction or working of tramways or carriages used 
 thereon. 
 
 47. With respect to notices and to the delivery thereof by or 
 to the promoters, the following provisions shall have effect (that 
 is to say): 
 
 (1) Every notice, consent or approval shall be in writing, and 
 if given by the promoters, or by any local or road autho- 
 
 (6) 31 & 32 Viet. c. 37 and 45 & 46 Viet. c. 9. 
 
 (c) In Scots Orders substitute Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts 
 (contrast tho terms of sect. 56 of the Act). These Acts are Summary 
 Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts, 1864 and 1881 (27 & 28 Viet. c. 53 and 
 44 & 45 Viet. c. 33), and any amending Acts (by Interpretation Act, 1889 
 (52 & 53 Viet. c. 63), s. 13 (8)). 
 
 (d) 38 & 39 Viet. c. 55. Substitute sact. 247 for sect. 248 where the 
 promoters are an urban district council who are not the council of a 
 borough. The audit of the accounts of rural district councils, parish 
 councils and parish meetings is provided for by Local Government Act, 
 1894 (56 & 57 Viet. c. 73), s. 58. 
 
 Omit in Scots Orders. 
 
 (e) Omit this section in Scots Orders.
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1595 
 
 rity or company, shall be signed by their clerk or 
 secretary (/) : 
 
 (2) Notices and other documents required or authorised to be 
 served under this Order may be served in the same 
 manner as notices under the Public Health Act, 
 1875 (g), are by sect. 267 of that Act authorised to be 
 served. Provided that in the case of any local authority 
 or company any such notice or other document shall be 
 delivered or sent by post in a prepaid letter addressed 
 to the clerk to the local authority at his office, or to 
 the secretary of the company at their registered or 
 principal office. 
 
 48. Where under the provisions of the Tramways Act, 1870, Provisions as 
 and this Order, any matter in difference is referred to the arbi- 
 tration of any person nominated by the Board of Trade (/&), the 
 provisions of the Arbitration Act, 1889, shall apply to every such 
 arbitration, and the decision of the arbitrator shall be final and 
 conclusive and binding on all parties, and the costs of and inci- 
 dental to the arbitration and award shall, if either party so 
 require, be taxed and settled as between the parties by any one of 
 the taxing masters of the High Court, and such fees may be taken 
 in respect of the taxation as may be fixed in pursuance of the 
 enactments relating to the fees to be demanded and taken in the 
 offices of such masters, and all those enactments, including the 
 enactments relating to the taking of fees by means of stamps, shall 
 extend to the fees in respect of the said taxation. 
 
 [In Scots Orders substitute the following: 
 
 48A. (1) Where under the provisions of the Tramways Act, 
 1870, or this Order, any question is to be referred to or deter- 
 
 (/) Where the promoters are a company read " secretary or clerk." 
 
 (0) 38 & 39 Viet. c. 55. 
 
 In Scots Orders substitute for sect. 47 (2) the following: Any notice 
 to be delivered by or to the promoters to or by any body or any company 
 or corporation may be delivered by being left at the principal office of 
 such body, company or corporation, or at the office of the [clerk to the] 
 promoters, as the case may be, or by being sent by post in a registered 
 letter addressed to their respective clerk or secretary at their principal 
 office, or to the clerk [secretary] to the said promoters. 
 
 (A) See sects. 30 and 33 of the Act, and sects. 17, 24 and 28b of this 
 Order. 
 
 p. VOL. u. 47
 
 1596 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 mined by arbitration, that question shall, unless otherwise agreed, 
 be referred to the Board of Trade, or, if the Board of Trade think 
 fit, to an engineer or other fit person appointed as arbiter by 
 the Board. 
 
 (2) The Board of Trade Arbitrations, &c. Act, 1874 (), shall 
 apply with reference to the determination by the Board of any 
 such question, or of any other matter under this Order, and to 
 the appointment of an arbiter, as if this Order were a special Act 
 within the meaning of sect. 4 of that Act. 
 
 (3) The costs of and incidental to any such arbitration and 
 award shall be paid as directed by the arbiter, and shall, if either 
 party so requires, be taxed and settled as between the parties by 
 the auditor of the Court of Session in Scotland.] 
 
 Saving for 49 Nothing in this Order contained shall exempt the promoters 
 
 general Acts. . . . 
 
 or any person using the tramways irom the provisions ot any 
 
 general Act relating to tramways passed before or after the com- 
 mencement of this Order, or from any future revision or alteration 
 under the authority of Parliament of tho maximum rates of rates 
 and charges authorised by this Order. 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 MAXIMUM RATES AND CHARGES FOR ANIMALS, GOODS, &c. 
 
 Per Mile. 
 Animals. s. d. 
 
 For every horse, mule or other beast of draught or burden 
 
 per head 4 
 
 For every ox, cow, bull or head of cattle 3 
 
 For every calf, pig, sheep or other small animal 1^ 
 
 Goods and Minerals. 
 
 For all coals, coke, culm, charcoal, cannel, limestone, chalk, 
 lime, salt, sand, fireclay, cinders, dung, night soil, town 
 refuse, compost and all sorts of manure and all un- 
 dressed materials for the repair of public roads or high- 
 ways per ton 2 
 
 For all iron, iron-ore, pig-iron, bar-iron, rod-iron, sheet- 
 iron, hoop-iron, plates of iron, slabs, billets and rolled 
 iron, bricks, slag and stone, stones for building, pitching 
 
 () 37 & 38 Viet. c. 40.
 
 TRAMWAYS ORDERS CONFIRMATION ACT. 1597 
 
 Per Mile. 
 8. d. 
 
 and paving tiles, slates and clay (except fireclay) and 
 for wrought iron not otherwise specifically classed herein, 
 and for heavy iron castings, including railway chairs ... 
 
 per ton 2 
 
 For all sugar, grain, corn, flour, hides, dye, woods, earthen- 
 ware, timber, staves, deals and metals (except iron), 
 nails, anvils, vices and chains, and for light iron castings 
 
 per ton 3 
 
 For cotton, wools, drugs and manufactured goods, and all 
 other wares, merchandise, fish, articles, matters or things 
 not otherwise specially classed herein ............ per ton 4 
 
 For every carriage of whatever description ..................... 1 
 
 Small Parcels. 
 
 Distance. 
 
 For any parcel not exceeding 7 Ibs. in weight .................. 3 
 
 For any parcel exceeding 7 Ibs. and not exceeding 14 Ibs. 
 
 in weight ............................................................ -5 
 
 For any parcel exceeding 14 Ibs. and not exceeding 28 Ibs. 
 
 in weight ............................................................ 7 
 
 For any parcel exceeding 28 Ibs. and not exceeding 56 Ibs. 
 
 in weight ............................................................ 9 
 
 For any parcel exceeding 56 Ibs. in weight but not exceeding 
 
 500 Ibs. in weight, such sum as the person conveying the 
 
 same may think fit: 
 
 Provided always that articles sent in large aggregate quantities, 
 although made up in separate parcels, such as bags of sugar, coffee, 
 meal and the like, shall not be deemed small parcels, but that term 
 shall apply only to single parcels in separate packages. 
 
 For the Carriage of single Articles of great Weight. 
 
 Per Mile. 
 For the carriage of any iron boiler, cylinder or single piece of * d. 
 
 machinery, or single piece of timber or stone, or other 
 single article the weight of which, including the carriage, 
 exceeds four tons but does not exceed eight tons, such 
 sum as the person conveying the same may think fit, 
 not exceeding per ton ............................................. 2 
 
 For the carriage of any single piece of timber, stone, machinery, 
 or other single article the weight of which with the car- 
 riage exceeds eight tons, suoh <?nm as the person conveying 
 the same may think fit. 
 
 47 (2)
 
 1598 TRAMWAYS. 
 
 Regulations as to Rates. 
 
 For articles or animals conveyed on the tramways for a less dis- 
 tance than a mile, rates and charges as for one mile may be demanded. 
 
 A fraction of a mile beyond an integral number of miles shall be 
 deemed a mile. 
 
 For a fraction of a ton, rates and charges may be demanded and 
 taken according to the number of the quarters of a ton in such frac- 
 tion, and if there be a fraction of a quarter of a ton, such fraction 
 shall be deemed a quarter of a ton. 
 
 With respect to all articles except stone and timber, the weight 
 shall be determined according to Imperial avoirdupois weight. 
 
 With respect to stone and timber, fourteen cubic feet of stone, 
 forty cubic feet of oak, mahogany, teak, beech or ash, and fifty cubic 
 feet of any other timber, shall be deemed one ton weight, and so in 
 proportion for any smaller quantity. 
 
 This schedule is very similar to the schedule to the Model Order, ante, 
 p. 848. It will be observed that this schedule does not relieve the pro- 
 moters from the obligation to carry single articles of great weight, or 
 provide for charges for loading and unloading. A rate for bicycles and 
 tricycles may be added, if desired.
 
 ( 1599 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 [Volume II. begin* at p. 859.] 
 
 ABANDONMENT of portion of light railway, Order for, 857. 
 ACCEPTANCE FOE HONOUE, 304. 
 
 ACCOMMODATION WOEKS, agreement by railway company to execute, 
 12121214. 
 
 ACCOUNT; ACCOUNTS, 
 
 acknowledgment of balance of, 3. 
 agreement for sharing profits, 38, 39. 
 
 clauses as to, in contracts for employment of agents, 5, 6, 17, 22, 25, 30. 
 in licences, agreements, &c. relating to patents, 1006, 1009, 
 
 1023, 1048, 1065, 1074, 1096, 1126, 1138, 1174. 
 in working agreement between railway companies, 1237, 
 
 1238. 
 
 covenant to keep books of, in deed of inspectorship, 188, 198. 
 of sales, publishers to furnish, 275, 281, 288. 
 provisions as to, in articles of apprenticeship to merchant, 106. 
 steward, of, 101. 
 submission to arbitration in matters of, 128 130. 
 
 ACCOUNTANT, power to arbitrators to employ, 122, 129. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT, 
 
 and undertaking as to production of patent, 1069. 
 
 by mortgagee to mortgagor of receipt of title deeds, 1. 
 
 of balance of account, 3. 
 
 of charge, lien, &c. on intestate's estate, 3. 
 
 of debt to bar Statute of Limitations, 3. 
 
 of satisfaction of registered judgment, 1. 
 
 of title to bar Statute of Limitations, 2. 
 
 that agreement entered into on behalf of another person, 3. 
 
 ADMINISTEATOE of deceased author, assignment of copyright by, 289, 
 290. 
 
 ADOPTION of child, agreement for, 6264. 
 ADVANCEMENT, power of, in separation deed, 1346. 
 ADVEETISEMENT of sale by auction. See AUCTIONS AND AUCTIONKKKS. 
 
 ADVOWSON, 
 
 agreement for sale of, 46, 47. 
 
 of next presentation. 48 50. 
 resignation bond, 330. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1600 INDEX. 
 
 AFFIDAVIT, 
 
 on registration of bill of sale, 315. 
 
 verifying consent to enter satisfaction on bill of sale, 316. 
 
 AFFIRMATION, 133, 134. 
 
 AGENCY CONTRACTS, 
 
 agreement for exclusive privilege of selling patent medicine for a term 
 
 of years, 13 18. 
 
 clause restraining agent from engaging in similar business, 12. 
 colonial agent, agreement for employment of, 27 30. 
 commercial traveller, agreement for employment of, 31, 32. 
 factor, agreement for employment of, 4 9. 
 manager of company, agreement for employment of, 9 12. 
 sole agency for sale of patent articles in metropolis, 18 23. 
 underwriting agency, agreement for, 23 27. 
 
 AGENT, notice of revocation of authority of, 890. 
 
 AGREEMENT, 
 
 adoption of child, 62 64. 
 
 advowson, sale of, for life or years, 46, 47. 
 
 between joint applicants for patent, defining their interests on working 
 
 separately, 10301032. 
 
 between a trade protection society and a workmen's union, 1560 1563. 
 between foreign Government and English company for construction and 
 
 working of a railway, 1240 1256. See RAILWAY. 
 between promoters of public undertaking and landowner for purchase 
 
 of land, 539. 
 
 bond for performance of, 327. 
 building. See BUILDING CONTRACTS. 
 
 by railway company to execute accommodation works, 1212 1214. 
 by author not to engage in similar publications, 280. 
 by manufacturer to pay expenses of obtaining patent, manufacturer to 
 
 work patent with option of purchase, 1008 1011. 
 colonial agent, employment of, 27 30. 
 commercial traveller, employment of, 31, 32. 
 deposit of goods as security for loan, 59. 
 factor, employment of, 4 9. 
 family arrangement, 65. 
 farming stock, sale of, 34, 35. 
 for letting an allotment by borough or urban district council, 1379, 1380. 
 
 by parish council, 13701372. 
 for a building grant in consideration of a perpetual rent-charge, 345 
 
 348. 
 for a loan by instalments to enable inventor to take out and work patent, 
 
 10021007. 
 for compiling a dictionary, consideration to be paid by instalments in 
 
 advance, 282 284. 
 
 for construction of railway station and line, 1214 et seq. 
 for composition with creditors, 210. See ARRANGEMENTS \vrrn 
 
 CREDITORS. 
 for formation of syndicate to purchase patent and sell the same to a 
 
 company, 1051 1053. 
 for editing book in three volumes by three editors, each taking one 
 
 volume, 286. 
 for exclusive licence for United Kingdom by foreign patentee, 1041 
 
 1043. 
 
 for extensive alterations of and additions to house in London, 342 345. 
 for grant of exclusive licence to work patent for a district, 1037 1041. 
 for hire, with option to purchase, of furniture, 703 706. 
 
 machinery, 707 710. 
 pianoforte, 706. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1601 
 
 AGREEMENT continued. 
 
 for letting of small holding, 13611363, 1365. 
 
 for indemnity against rent and covenants, 712. 
 
 for loan charged on patents, repayable out of share of profits, 1011 
 
 1014. 
 
 for publication of new edition of existing book, 284. 
 for purchase of patent by trustee for proposed company, 1028 1030. 
 for purchase of land by burial board, 443. 
 for sale of moiety of patent, purchase-money payable by instalments, 
 
 10141017. 
 
 for sale of book on commission, 274, 275. 
 
 for sale of patent after acceptance of complete specification, 1021. 
 for sale of foreign and colonial patents in course of being obtained, 
 
 10251027. 
 for writing and publishing of book, copyright to belong to publisher, 
 
 and author to have right to edit future editions, 276 280. 
 for sale of small holding, 1363, 1364. 
 
 for writing and publishing of book on profit-sharing terms, 281. 
 growing timber, purchase of, 32. 
 hire of chattels, 59. 
 
 hire-purchase of patent, 10431047, 10481051. 
 loan, for a, 57, 58. 
 manager, employment of, 9 12. 
 manufacture of salt, 39 42. 
 memorandum of, on sale by auction, 272 274. 
 milk, supply of, 35 37. 
 next presentation, sale of, 48 50. 
 patent medicine, exclusive right of selling, 13 18. 
 reversionary interest in stock, sale of, 51, 52. 
 sale of leasehold shop, fixtures, stock-in-trade and goodwill of business; 
 
 payment by instalments, 42 45. 
 
 sole agent, appointment of, for sale of patent articles, 18 23. 
 sole right of compounding and vending medicine, 38, 39. 
 standing corn, sale of, 34. 
 steamship, construction of, 52 57. 
 
 to assign patent on payment of royalties up to fixed minimum, 1049. 
 to build house, &c. where no architect employed, 340 342. 
 to pay for goods to be supplied to a third person, 700. 
 to execute mortgage, 291. 
 to obtain and assign patent in consideration of sum of money and 
 
 delivery of a certain number of patent articles, 1018 1021. 
 under Agricultural Holdings Act. See AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS. 
 understudy at theatre, engagement of, 61. 
 underwriting business, conduct of, through agent, 23 27. 
 with burial board to execute works, 445 449. 
 working quarry, for, 60. 
 working and selling invention in respect of which patent applied for, 
 
 for joint benefit of inventor and another, for, 1032 1037. 
 working, between railway companies, 1227 1240. See RAILWAY. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS, 
 
 agreement as to compensation for improvement in Sched. I., Part 2, to 
 
 be paid to tenant under a lease, 69. 
 for compensation for consumption of cake, 71. 
 
 for strawberry plants and fruit bushes, 74. 
 making half-a-year's notice sufficient, 75. 
 defining mammal equivalent when course of cultivation laid 
 
 down, 78. 
 
 between landlord and tenant after claim for compensation, 83. 
 application for landlord's consent to improvement in Sched. I., Part 1... 
 66. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1602 INDEX. 
 
 AGRICULTUEAL HOLDINGS con tinned. 
 
 appointment of valuer to act on behalf of landlord, 86. 
 
 of outgoing tenant, 87. 
 of arbitrator to deal with claims on determination of 
 
 tenancy, 87. 
 to determine compensation for damage by 
 
 game during currency of tenancy, 88. 
 of arbitrator in place of deceased arbitrator, 88. 
 authority to agent to act, 66. 
 award by arbitrator, 89 91. 
 
 claim for compensation for unreasonable disturbance, 83. 
 clause dispensing with notice and fixing terms of compensation for 
 
 improvement in Sched. I., Part 2... 70. 
 
 securing compensation for improvement in Sched. I., Part 3. ..71. 
 for compensation for several improvements in Sched. 1., Part 3... 
 
 72. 
 in lease of market garden to avoid liability to make compensation 
 
 for fruit trees and bushes, 76. 
 
 allowing removal of permanent market garden crops, 76. 
 forbidding sale of hay, straw, &c. in last year of tenancy, 77. 
 making tenant liable for injury or deterioration, 77, 79. 
 prescribing system of cultivation, 77. 
 requiring account of croppings, sales and return of manures to 
 
 be kept, 78. 
 substituting another period as the period for making a claim 
 
 for damage by game, 82. 
 
 for settlement of claims for compensation by valuation, 85. 
 reserving landlord's right of action as an alternative to arbitra- 
 tion, 85. 
 
 consent by landlord to improvement in Sched. I., Part 1...67. 
 by agent to improvement in Sched. I., Part 1...67. 
 by landlord to laying down permanent pasture by yearly tenant 
 
 and agreement as to compensation, 67. 
 
 by landlord to payment of compensation by incoming to out- 
 going tenant, 84. 
 form of oath by witness before arbitrator, 89. 
 
 of affirmation by witness before arbitrator, 89. 
 formal parts of special case stated by arbitrator for opinion of County 
 
 Court, 89. 
 notice by tenant of intention to execute improvement in Sched. I., 
 
 Part 2... 68. 
 to landlord of intention to remove fixture for building, 
 
 74. 
 accepting notice to quit part as notice for entire 
 
 holding, 75. 
 
 to tenant to quit part of holding, 75. 
 of claim for compensation for improvements, 79. 
 of claim by market gardener, 80. 
 
 by landlord of claim for waste or breach of covenant, 80. 
 by tenant of claim for other matters besides compensation for 
 
 improvements, 81. 
 of damage by game, 81. 
 
 of claim for compensation for damage by game, 82. 
 of intention to claim compensation for unreasonable disturb- 
 ance, 82. 
 
 of counterclaim by landlord to tenant, 85. 
 requiring arbitrator to act, 88. 
 
 ALLOTMENTS. See SMALL HOLDINGS. 
 
 agreement for letting allotment by parish council, 1370 1372. 
 
 by borough or urban district council, 
 1379, 1380. 
 
 Volume 1. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1603 
 
 ALLOTMEN TS con tinned. 
 
 application for an allotment, 1370, 1378. 
 
 market garden improvements, 1372 1374. 
 
 model regulations for borough and urban district councils, 1374 1380. 
 
 division of land into allotments, 1374. 
 
 examination of register of allotments by ratepayers, 1378. 
 
 exemption of certain lettings from the regulations, 1378. 
 
 general conditions of cultivation, 1376. 
 
 interpretation of terms, 1374. 
 
 letting of allotments, 1375, 1376. 
 
 notice of determination of tenancy, 1377. 
 
 notices to be given as to lettings, 1375. 
 
 persons eligible to be tenants, 1374. 
 
 special conditions applicable only when notice given, 1376, 1377. 
 model regulations for parish councils, 1366 1372. 
 
 division of land into allotments, 1366. 
 
 examination of register by ratepayers, 1369. 
 
 exemption of certain lettings from the regulations, 1370. 
 
 general conditions of cultivation, 1368. 
 
 interpretation of terms, 1366. 
 
 letting of allotments, 1367. 
 
 notice of determination of tenancy, 1369. 
 
 notices to be given as to lettings, 1366. 
 
 persons eligible to be tenants, 1366. 
 
 special conditions applicable only when notice given, 1368, 1369. 
 
 ANNUITY, 
 
 bond by several obligors for securing, for obligee's life, in consideration 
 
 of conveyance of freeholds and copyholds, 338. 
 bond for securing, for grantor's life, 335, 336. 
 
 to man for life and wife surviving, 337. 
 cesser of, on breach of covenant, 1350. 
 covenant to pay, as sinking fund for payment of debts, 213. 
 
 in deed of separation, 1340. 
 
 provision for payment of compensation by, 1254. 
 purchase of, by wife for benefit of husband, 1349, 1350. 
 
 APPEAL, rating. See RATING. 
 
 APPOINTMENT, 
 
 arbitrator io deal with claims under Agricultural Holdings Act on 
 
 determination of tenancy, 87. 
 to determine compensation for damage by game during 
 
 tenancy, 88. 
 in place of deceased arbitrator under Agricultural Holdings 
 
 Act, 88. 
 
 in pursuance of clause in articles of partnership, 131. 
 by claimant under Lands Clauses Acts, 545. 
 by promoters under Lands Clauses Acts, 546. 
 to act for both parties under sect. 25 of Lands Clauses Act, 
 
 1845... 548. 
 
 under sect. 64 of Lands Clauses Act, 1845, by claimant who 
 is dissatisfied with valuation of a surveyor appointed under 
 sect. 58... 549. 
 chaplain by bishop, 616. 
 deputy steward, 93, 94. 
 
 for special purposes, 95. 
 domestic chaplain, 616. 
 for meeting m an arbitration, 132, 133. 
 gamekeeper to kill game, &c., 92. 
 guardian by a father, 91. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1604 INDEX. 
 
 APPOINTMENT continued. 
 
 person to bid for vendor at sale by auction, 272. 
 
 receiver and manager of large estate, 96 102. 
 
 receiver in memorandum of deposit to secure current account, 292. 
 
 single arbitrator, 119, 548. 
 
 solicitor to the several offices of steward, gamekeeper, receiver and 
 
 manager, 96 102. 
 steward of a manor, 92. 
 surveyor by justices under sect. 85 of Lands Clauses Act, 568. 
 
 by Board of Trade under sect. 36 of Railway Companies Act, 
 
 1867... 570. 
 surveyors to determine purchase-money where parties under disability, 
 
 1204. 
 
 third surveyor by justices under Lands Clauses Act, 541, 1206. 
 two arbitrators and umpire, 121. 
 umpire by arbitrators, 132, 550. 
 
 by Board of Trade under sect. 28 of Lands Clauses Act, 551. 
 valuer to act for landlord under Agricultural Holdings Act, 86. 
 
 for outgoing tenant under Agricultural Holdings Act, 87. 
 
 APPORTIONMENT, 
 
 of rent by justices under Lands Clauses Acts, 574. 
 under the Tithe Act, notice of, 1399. 
 
 notice of objection to, 1400. 
 order of Court in case of objection to, 1401. 
 APPRAISEMENT, 
 of distress, 608. 
 requirement of, by tenant or owner of distress, 607. 
 
 APPRENTICESHIP, 
 
 architect and surveyor, to, 108 111. 
 
 assignment of indentures of, by endorsement, 117, 118. 
 
 engineers, to a firm of, 111 113. 
 
 merchant, to a, with special provisions, 105 108. 
 
 schoolmistress, to a, to qualify pupil as governess, 116. 
 
 sea service, to, 104. 
 
 solicitor, articles of clerkship to a, 114 116. 
 
 surgeon, to a, the premium to be paid by instalments, 113, 114. 
 
 trader, to a, 102, 103. 
 
 APPROVED SOCIETY under the National Insurance Act, rules of, 1540 
 et seq. See TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 ARBITRATION. See AWARD. 
 
 accountant, power to arbitrator to appoint, 122, 129. 
 
 accounts, submission of, to two arbitrators and umpire, 128 130. 
 
 affirmation, form of, 133, 134. 
 
 agreement for licence to work patent, arbitration clause in, 1040. 
 
 agreement for reference (concise form), 118. 
 
 agreement for construction of railway station and line, clause in, 1227. 
 
 appointment of arbitrator in pursuance of arbitration clause in articles 
 
 of partnership, 131. 
 of umpire by arbitrators, 132. 
 
 assignment of share of patent, arbitration clause in, 1081. 
 award under Agricultural Holdings Act, 89 91. 
 bond, submission by, in common form, 130. 
 building contract, arbitration clause in, 342, 363. 
 clause for, in \vorking agreement between railway companies, 1239. 
 confirmation of award on reference back, 154. 
 construction of steamship, arbitration clause in, 57. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1605 
 
 ARBITEATION continued. 
 
 costs, clauses as to, in submissions, 119, 122. 
 
 death, submission not to bo defeated by, 122, 130. 
 
 enlargement of tune by arbitrator, 134. 
 
 by the parties, 134. 
 executor, agreement of reference by, as to testator's estate, 123. 
 
 as to liability, not as to assets, '124. 
 factor, clause in agreement for employment of, 8. 
 firo insurance, submission of claim under policy of, 126. 
 
 arbitration clause in policy of, 141. 
 
 lease or agreement subject to Agricultural Holdings Act, clause in, 85. 
 licence to work patent, clause in, 1108. 
 meeting in the reference, appointment for, 132, 133. 
 manufacture of salt, clause in agreement for, 42. 
 notice by arbitrators to umpire of final disagreement, 134. 
 of revocation to arbitrator, 136. 
 to parties of award made, 136. 
 to produce documents by arbitrator, 137. 
 
 by solicitor of a party, 136. 
 
 oath to be administered by arbitrator, form of, 133. 
 partnership deed, arbitration clause in, 125. 
 power for arbitrators to proceed ex parte after notice, 129. 
 purchase, submission of disputes arising out of, 127. 
 revocation of submission by a party, 135. 
 shipbuilding contract, recital of arbitration clause in, 151. 
 special differences, recital of, 120, 121, 126, 128. 
 
 steward and manager of estates, arbitration clause in deed of appoint- 
 ment of, 102. 
 submission by agreement, general form, 119, 120. 
 
 clauses in, 120 123. 
 under Agricultural Holdings Act. See AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS. 
 
 Lands Clauses Acts. See LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 
 underwriting agent, arbitration clause in agreement for employment 
 
 of, 26, 27. 
 various parties, submission by deed as to differences between, 125. 
 
 ARCHITECT, articles of apprenticeship to, 108111. 
 ARRANGEMENT, family, to give effect to intended will, 65. 
 
 ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS, 
 
 accountant-trustee, remuneration of, 184. 
 accountant-inspector, remuneration of, 189. 
 agreement for composition (short form), 210. 
 application of moneys realised by trustees, 213. 
 
 by inspectors, 189, 198. 
 
 under deed of inspectorship to carry out statu- 
 tory scheme, 220, 221. 
 assent to deed of assignment, 218. 
 of composition, 219. 
 
 assignment and conveyance for benefit of creditors: 
 by partners, 176183. 
 
 in consideration of covenants not to sue and of release on certi- 
 ficate by trustee and committee of creditors, 175. 
 with proviso for carrying on debtor's business, 210 212. 
 with immediate release of debts, 168 174. 
 assignment of personal estate by one debtor for benefit of creditors, 
 
 183, 185. 
 to secure composition, 205. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1606 INDEX. 
 
 ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS continued. 
 avoidance of deed of inspectorship, 216. 
 banking of moneys and securities by inspectors, 190, 199. 
 
 by trustees, 214. 
 
 bankruptcy rules, application of, 180, 190. 
 bond for payment of composition, 339. 
 
 committee of creditors, power to appoint new members of, 174. 
 composition between partners and their joint creditors, with covenants 
 
 not to sue, 202204. 
 
 deed supplemental to deed of composition and inspector- 
 ship, and avoiding same, 215, 216. 
 with assignment to secure same and release of debts, 204 
 
 207. 
 conveyance and assignment of real and personal estate to trustees, 168, 
 
 176, 211. 
 
 covenant by debtor to surrender copyholds, 178. 
 to make up accounts, 187. 
 to carry on business and realise estate, 187. 
 not to encumber estate, 188. 
 to keep books of account, 188, 198. 
 to allow inspectors to examine books and vouchers, 
 
 188. 
 
 not to carry on new business, 188. 
 to wind up business and realise estate under control 
 
 of inspectors, 197. 
 to assign estate if required (deed of inspectorship), 
 
 192, 200. 
 
 to pay composition and costs, 205. 
 to pay instalments of composition, 208. 
 to pay annuity as sinking fund for payment of 
 
 debts, 213. 
 to wind up under inspection (statutory scheme), 
 
 220. 
 
 by creditors not to sue, 175, 181, 187, 197, 203, 217. 
 by family creditors not to sue for certain time, 208. 
 declaration of trust of copyholds, 178. 
 
 of leaseholds, 172, 180. 
 
 deed of composition where payment secured by surety and covenants on 
 the part of certain creditors to postpone payment of their debts, 207 
 210. 
 
 deed of inspectorship between partners and their joint and separate 
 creditors where business to be carried on, 185 
 196. 
 
 between one debtor and his creditors where busi- 
 ness to be wound up, 196 202. 
 to carry out statutory scheme, 219 221. 
 dissentient creditors, power to settle with, 174, 179, 185, 196. 
 dividends, inspectors to declare, 190. 
 investment by trustees, 214. 
 letter of licence to debtor to cany on business, 186, 217. 
 
 to wind up business, 197. 
 married woman, composition by, debtor to pay annuity as sinking fund 
 
 for payment of debts, 212 215. 
 meetings of creditors, power to call, 173. 
 mode of sale of property, 177. 
 new or additional trustees, power to appoint, 173, 215. 
 
 inspectors, power to appoint, 195. 
 
 notice of meeting to consider statutory composition or scheme, 225. 
 power of attorney to trustees, 172, 181. 
 
 to inspectors, 193, 201. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1607 
 
 ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS continued. 
 
 power to inspectors to bring and defend actions, 191, 199. 
 to sell, 191, 199. 
 to employ assistants, &c., 198. 
 to compound debts and settle disputes, 191, 199. 
 to arrange with mortgagees, 191, 200. 
 to determine licence to debtor on resolution, &c., 194. 
 to determine deed on resolution, &c., 202. 
 power to trustees to postpone conversion, 169, 177. 
 
 to compromise and arrange with mortgagees, 171, 179. 
 to employ debtor and others, 171, 179, 184, 211. 
 to bring and defend actions, 171, 180, 185. 
 to settle disputes, 171, 180, 185. 
 to complete or rescind contracts, 172, 180. 
 proposal for statutory composition, 222. 
 
 scheme of arrangement, 223. 
 
 proviso for carrying on business instead of selling, 211. 
 recital of proposal to pay composition by instalments, 207. 
 
 of proposal and acceptance of arrangement, 168, 176, 219. 
 of proposal of inspectorship, 186, 196. 
 of resolutions for acceptance of composition, 202, 204. 
 release of debtor, 172, 185, 193, 201, 203, 206, 208, 209, 214, 216. 
 
 on certificate of trustee and committee, 175, 181. 
 removal of trustee, 174. 
 remuneration of trustee, 171, 179. 
 resolutions for a statutory composition, 223, 224, 226. 
 
 accepting a scheme of arrangement, 227. 
 scheme of arrangement, proposal for statutory, 222, 223. 
 secured creditors, clauses as to, 173, 192, 200, 214. 
 securities, proviso as to, 182, 204. 
 
 sureties, reservation of rights against, 172, 182, 192, 200, 204, 214, 216. 
 trusts of proceeds, 169, 170, 178, 184. 
 verification of claims, 170, 179, 191, 199. 
 
 ARTICLES. See APPRENTICESHIP. 
 
 of clerkship to solicitor, 114 116. 
 
 ASSENT, 
 
 to deed of assignment for benefit of creditors, 218. 
 composition, 219. 
 
 ASSIGNMENT, 
 
 by way of mortgage of moneys due and to become due under several 
 
 contracts, 233 235. 
 chattels by way of security, of, 311. 
 copyright of book, 289. 
 
 of book in MS., by administrator of deceased author, 290. 
 of published book and MS. additions, 290. 
 for benefit of creditors. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS. 
 goodwill and plant, of, in consideration of sum to be paid by instal- 
 ments, 235 240. 
 
 indenture of apprenticeship, of, 117. 
 lease, of, notice of, 734. 
 legacy, of, by way of mortgage, 871. 
 
 by way of sale, 230. 
 licence by patentee, of, licensor being a party, 1090 1092. 
 
 not being a party, 1089. 
 moiety of patent, of, with conditions of separate working, 1069 1071. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1608 INDEX. 
 
 ASSIGNMENT continued. 
 
 notice of, of life assurance policy, 229. 
 of legacy to executors, 231. 
 of reversionary interest in stock, 240. 
 of book debts, 241. 
 of personalty as security, 241. 
 
 patent, of, with benefit of improvements, &c., 1059 1062. 
 for a district, 10671069. 
 in consideration of gross sum and further percentages, 1062 
 
 1066. 
 
 to trustees for co-owners in equal shares, 1075 1081. 
 by one co-grantee to the other, 1086 1088. 
 to the inventor, a foreigner, by his agent the patentee, 1088. 
 policy of life assurance, of, by mortgagor to mortgagee, 860, 867, 868. 
 
 by vendor to purchaser, 228. 
 share in partnership, of, 232. 
 share of patent, assignor alone to work the patent, 1081 1086. 
 
 with special provisions as to each co-owner working 
 
 separately, 10711075. 
 to secure composition, 205. 
 
 ASSURANCE. See INSURANCE; LIFE ASSURANCE. 
 
 ATTOENMENT, 
 
 by several tenants to purchaser from landlord, 729. 
 
 to receiver or purchaser, with consent of landlord and mortgagee, 730. 
 
 AUCTIONS AND AUCTIONEERS, 
 advertisement: 
 
 freeholds, by order of the Court, 243. 
 
 furniture, 245. 
 
 leaseholds, by order of mortgagees, 244. 
 
 machinery, in bankruptcy, 244. 
 announcement of withdrawal of lots, 245. 
 application for licence, 242. 
 appointment of a person to bid for vendor, 272. 
 authority to sell an estate in lots, 242. 
 goods by auction, 243. 
 conditions of sale: 
 
 of goods, 256, 258. 
 
 of a ship, 259. 
 
 Tattersall's, of sale of horses and carriages, 260. 
 
 of stocks and shares, 264. 
 
 wholesale tea trade, 266. 
 
 wholesale timber trade, 268. 
 
 wholesale wool trade, 269. 
 
 wholesale wine trade, 270. 
 
 letter to vendor for instructions for conducting sale, 243. 
 memorandum of agreement: 
 
 on a sale by auction, 272. 
 
 on a letting by auction, 273. 
 
 on a sale of shares, &c., 273. 
 
 on a sale by private contract subject to conditions for an auction 
 
 sale, 274/ 
 particulars: 
 
 a freehold estate, 247. 
 
 a copyhold estate, 248. 
 
 a manor, 248. 
 
 a freehold and copyhold estate, 249. 
 
 a leasehold estate, 251. 
 
 a rent reserved upon a lease for a term, 251. 
 
 an improved ground rent, 251. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1609 
 
 AUCTIONS AND AUCTIONEERS continued. 
 particulars continued. 
 
 a rent-charge in fee, 251. 
 
 a rent-charge for life, 252. 
 
 an advowson, 252. 
 
 a next presentation, 253. 
 
 a ship, 254. 
 
 cows and heifers, 255. 
 
 freehold or copyhold house and garden, 245. 
 
 freehold farm and leasehold cottages in two lots, 246. 
 
 freehold house, bakehouse and mill, 247. 
 
 growing timber, 253. 
 
 horses, 255. 
 
 imported goods, 254. 
 
 leasehold for lives, 247. 
 
 life interest in a freehold house, 248. 
 
 manor with right of fishery and advowson, 249. 
 
 policy of insurance, 256. 
 
 presentation for life of vendor or for a term, 253. 
 
 rectorial or great tithes, 252. 
 
 reversion in freeholds, 248. 
 
 shares in a company, 256. 
 
 vicarial or small tithes, 252. 
 
 AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER, 
 
 accounts of sales, publisher to deliver, 275, 281, 288. 
 additional remuneration on quick sale, proviso for, 277. 
 agreement for sale of book on commission, 274, 275. 
 
 for writing and publishing book; copyright to belong to 
 publisher, and author to have right to edit future editions, 
 276280. 
 for writing and publication of book on profit-sharing terms, 
 
 281. 
 for compiling a dictionary, remuneration to be paid in advance 
 
 by instalments, 282. 
 
 for publication of new edition of existing book, 284. 
 for editing book in three volumes by three editors, each 
 
 taking one volume, 286. 
 not to engage in similar publications, 280. 
 to repay advances on failure to complete work, 284. 
 application of proceeds of sales, 275. 
 assignment of copyright of book, 289. 
 
 of published book and MS. continuations and 
 
 additions, 290. 
 of book in MS. by administrator of deceased 
 
 author, 290. 
 
 copies to be delivered to author or editor, 280, 287, 289. 
 death of author, proviso for, 277 279. 
 
 of editor, proviso for, 287. 
 delay by author while work in the press, 279. 
 
 failure by author to complete edition within stipulated time, 283. 
 future editions, provisions as to, 276, 283, 286. 
 increase of editor's remuneration if more than fixed number of copies 
 
 printed, 287. 
 
 licence to print, publish and sell one edition of book, 288. 
 limitation of number of copies of edition, 289. 
 number of copies of each edition, proviso as to, 279. 
 publisher to have sole right of selling edition, 274. 
 remuneration of editor, provision for payment of, by instalments, 285. 
 royalty, provision for payment of, 288. 
 sale of copies on hand at reduced price, proviso for, 282. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1610 INDEX. 
 
 AUTHOEITY, 
 
 to sell an estate in lots, 242. 
 
 to sell goods by auction, 243. 
 
 to trustees to carry on trade, 1334. 
 
 AWARD, 
 
 action for recovery of land, 156. 
 between solicitor and client, 150. 
 
 partners under submission of parties and order of reference by 
 Master, 139. 
 
 partners as to division of assets, &c., 145 147, 160, 161. 
 
 children of intestate, 148, 149. 
 by umpire, recitals in, 155. 
 
 by two arbitrators under Lands Clauses Acts, 552. 
 by umpire under Lands Clauses Acts, 554, 1208. 
 by arbitrator under Lands Clauses Acts, stating a case, 555. 
 
 under Agricultural Holdings Act, 89. 
 clauses in awards, 154161. 
 confirmation of, on reference back, 154. 
 costs, 157. 
 
 dissolution of partnership and consequent directions, 147, 148, 159, 160. 
 executor, against, 157. 
 
 fire insurance, by umpire on claim under policy of, 140 142. 
 where claim found to be fraudulent, 142 144. 
 general release, for, 150. 
 
 insurance of honesty of clerk, on policy of, 144. 
 notice to parties of, 136. 
 of one arbitrator for payment of a sum of money and mutual relo.iscs. 
 
 138. 
 
 of two arbitrators, the third dissenting, 151 153. 
 on indictment referred, directing prostration of nuisance, 165 167. 
 partnership accounts, on, 158, 159. 
 recital of submission, 154. 
 set-off, of balance of, 155. 
 shipbuilding contract, under, 151 153. 
 special case, in form of, 161 165. 
 sum to be taken in full satisfaction, 150. 
 under order of Court in action for non-delivery of ship, 151 153. 
 
 BANKER, bond to secure fidelity of chief clerk of, 325, 326. 
 
 BANKING DOCUMENTS, 
 
 bills of exchange. See BILL OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 bond from principal and two sureties to secure balance of current 
 
 account, 246248. 
 circular note, 300. 
 foreign circular note, 300. 
 letter of credit, 299. 
 memorandum of deposit of documents to secure balance of current 
 
 account, 291. 
 mortgage of freeholds to trustees of banking company to secure current 
 
 account, 296298. 
 request to bank to accept drafts against clean bill of lading, 299. 
 
 to ask agents to accept draft against bill of lading, 298. 
 
 BANKRUPTCY, 
 
 deed of inspectorship to carry out statutory scheme of arrangement, 
 
 219221. 
 
 notice of meeting to consider composition or scheme, 225. 
 of manager, clause for determination of engagement on, 10. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1611 
 
 BANKRUPTCY continued. 
 
 proposal for composition, 222. 
 
 for scheme of arrangement, 223. 
 resolutions for composition, 223, 224, 226. 
 for scheme of arrangement, 227. 
 
 BENEFIT SOCIETY, EULES OF, 
 account books, 626. 
 acquisition of land, 620. 
 accusations against members, 645. 
 admission of members, 622. 
 aliens, 622, 672. 
 
 allowances for extraordinary business, 654. 
 amendment of rule?, 663. 
 annual meetings, 643, 649. 
 
 returns, 661. 
 
 appeals committee, 652, 653. 
 application of funds, 619. 
 
 for admission, 620, 622. 
 arbitration, 662, 663. 
 assistant secretary, 658. 
 attendance of officers, 654. 
 auditors, 660, 661. 
 
 awards for introducing members, 623. 
 balance sheets, 627. 
 
 benefits in case of members abroad, 644, 645. 
 books of account, 659. 
 business of annual meeting, 648. 
 change of air, removal for, 634. 
 
 of residence, 646. 
 committee regulations, 654. 
 constitution, 617. 
 contributions, 623 625. 
 convalescent homes, 641, 642. 
 conversion of annual into special meeting, 649. 
 conviction of felony, 645. 
 copies of returns. 662. 
 
 of rules, 665. 
 
 custody of deeds and securities, 656. 
 death intestate of members, 614. 
 declaration on fund, 627 629. 
 
 off fund, 635, 636. 
 delegates, 646 649. 
 dereliction of duty by officers, 652. 
 disputes, 662, 663. 
 distressed members, 640, 641. 
 division of funds, 619. 
 duties of sick members, 633 635. 
 
 of trustees, 656. 
 election of auditors, 660. 
 
 delegates, 646648. 
 
 executive council, 650. 
 
 trustees, 655. 
 
 embezzlement of society's property, 637. 
 emblems, 623. 
 excluded members, 646. 
 executive council, 650 652. 
 exhibition of balance sheet, 662. 
 extraordinary meeting of executive council, 651. 
 false medical certificates, 637. 
 finance and investment committee, 653. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858. 
 
 p. VOL. jj. 48
 
 1612 INDEX. 
 
 BENEFIT SOCIETY, RULES OF continued. 
 
 fines and penalties for non-payment of contributions, 624. 
 
 fire claims, 639. 
 
 funeral allowance, 642, 643. 
 
 general purposes committee, 653. 
 
 hospital patients, 631633. 
 
 imposition, 636. 
 
 imprisonment for debt, 640. 
 
 injuries for which no benefit allowed, 629. 
 
 inspection of books, 659. 
 
 investigation by Chief Registrar, 663, 664. 
 
 investment of funds, 619. 
 
 junior section, 672686. 
 
 accusations against members, 685. 
 
 admission of members, 673, 674. 
 
 assistant secretary, 684. 
 
 auditors, 685. 
 
 change of residence, 685. 
 
 committee of management, 683. 
 
 contributions, 674, 675. 
 
 death allowance, 682. 
 
 declaration on sick fund, 676, 677. 
 off the fund, 680. 
 
 default, 675, 676. 
 
 entrance fee, 674. 
 
 hospital patients, 679. 
 
 imposition, 680. 
 
 investment of funds, 684. 
 
 management fund, 683. 
 
 medals, &c., 685. 
 
 members going abroad, 679. 
 
 misrepresentation, 674. 
 
 name, constitution, office, objects, 672, 673. 
 
 nominations, 681. 
 
 offences by sick members, 679. 
 
 payment of sick claims, 680. 
 
 redemption of sick allowance, 681. 
 
 regulations for sick members, 677 680. 
 
 registration of members, 674. 
 
 removal for change of air, 678. 
 
 secretary, 684. 
 
 transfer to adult society, 682, 683. 
 
 treasurer, 684. 
 
 trustees, 684. 
 
 lying-in allowance, 637, 638. 
 marriage after admission, 621, 622. 
 
 members in workhouses or lunatic asylums, sick pay of, 629. 
 name, 617. 
 nominations, 643. 
 objects, 617, 618. 
 payment of delegates, 649. 
 
 of contributions, 623625. 
 penalty for working while on sick fund, 635. 
 pension, 631. 
 
 postage of letters by members, 627. 
 powers of executive council, 650, 651. 
 preservation of order, 654. 
 president and vice-president, 649. 
 
 purchase of interest of aged and infirm members, 646. 
 qualification of members, 620 622. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858,
 
 INDEX. 1613 
 
 BENEFIT SOCIETY, RULES OF continued. 
 quarterly notices, 627. 
 
 accounts, 650. 
 
 reduction of sick allowance, 629 631. 
 registered office, 617. 
 removal of sick members, 634, 635. 
 
 of trustees, 655. 
 remuneration of assistant secretary, 658. 
 
 members of executive council, 652. 
 
 secretary, 658. 
 
 treasurer, 659. 
 
 trustees, 656. 
 
 reversal of decisions of executive council, 649. 
 sick allowance, rate and payment of, 628. 
 secretary, 657, 658. 
 special meetings, 649. 
 
 special supervision of sick members, 636, 637. 
 statutory declarations, 664. 
 strangers, admission of, 655. 
 surplus contributions, 625, 626. 
 tables of contributions and benefits, 666 671. 
 treasurer, 658, 659. 
 trustees, 655,656. 
 valuations, 664. 
 
 visitation of sick members, 633, 634. 
 voluntary dissolution, 664. 
 widows of deceased members, 643. 
 withdrawal of accumulations, 626. 
 
 of members, 645. 
 women as members, 622, 670, 671. 
 
 BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, RULES OF, 
 accounts and audit, 690. 
 alteration of rules, 687. 
 annual returns, 691. 
 committee of management, 688. 
 constitution, 686. 
 copies of return 5 ", 691. 
 
 of rules, 690. 
 
 discharge of mortgages, 692. 
 disputes, (593. 
 holding of land, 692. 
 inspection of books, 691. 
 investment of funds, 692. 
 membership, 687. 
 name and registered office, 686. 
 new rules, 687. 
 objects, 687. 
 secretary, 688, 689. 
 treasurer, 688, 689. 
 trustees, 688, 689. 
 voluntary dissolution, 693. 
 
 BILL OF EXCHANGE, 
 
 acceptance for honour, 304. 
 foreign, 303. 
 
 inland, on foreign firm, 303. 
 pavable abroad, 304. 
 notice of dishonour, 305. 
 
 Volume I. end* with page 858. 
 
 48 (2)
 
 1614 INDEX. 
 
 HILL OF EXCHANGE continued. 
 
 payable at fixed period after date, 301. 
 at sight, 302. 
 by instalments, 302, 303. 
 on demand, 301. 
 on fixed date, 302. 
 protest by notary public, 304. 
 
 where notary not available, 305. 
 
 BILL OF LADING, 
 
 general produce, Mediterranean, Black Sea and Baltic steamer, 305 
 
 307. 
 
 grain cargo, Mediterranean, Black Sea and Baltic steamer, 307, 308. 
 New York Produce Exchange, 308311. 
 request to bank to accept drafts against, 298, 299. 
 
 BILL OF SALE, 
 
 absolute, by married woman, her husband being a party, 314, 315. 
 
 affidavit on registration of, 315. 
 
 agreement for payment of principal and interest, 312. 
 
 not to remove chattels, 312. 
 
 to insure, 312. 
 
 to observe conditions of tenancy, 312. 
 
 to permit inspection, 312. 
 
 to repair on notice, 313. 
 
 assignment of chattels by way of security, 311. 
 consent to enter satisfaction, and affidavit verifying consent, 316. 
 of personal chattels by way of mortgage, 311 314. 
 power to seize and sell in certain events, 313, 314. 
 
 BILLS OF QUANTITIES, provisions as to, in building contracts, 343, 355. 
 
 BOND, 
 
 by purchaser of leaseholds indemnifying vendor from rent and cove- 
 nants, 710, 711. 
 
 by several obligors for securing annuity for obligee's life, in considera- 
 tion of conveyance of freeholds and copyholds, 338. 
 for faithful service of clerk in employment of company, with sureties, 
 
 324. 
 to partners, notwithstanding alteration in 
 
 firm, 322324. 
 
 for payment of composition according to composition deed, 339. 
 of instalments, agreement to give, 45. 
 of money and interest, in one sum or by instalments, with 
 
 one or more obligors and one or more obligees, 317. 
 for performance of agreement, 327. 
 
 for quiet enjoyment, where title commenced at too late a period, 329. 
 for seourinsr annuity for grantor's life, repurchasable, 335. 
 
 to man for life and to hi? wife surviving, repur- 
 chasable, 337. 
 performance of contract with burial board for execution 
 
 of works, 449. 
 from builders, with sureties, for due performance of building contract-, 
 
 349. 
 from legatee to executor, to refund, if there should be a deficiency of 
 
 assets, 320 322. 
 
 from one to two for payment of sum by instalments in full discharge 
 of larger sum; if instalments not duly paid, to be only a partial 
 discharge, 318, 319. 
 
 - . , . ,j 
 
 Volume I. ends with patje 858.
 
 INDEX. 1615 
 
 BOND continued. 
 
 from principal and two sureties to bankers to secure current account, 
 296298. 
 
 from two sureties to merchant guaranteeing payment i'or goods to be 
 supplied to tradesman, 702. 
 
 from vendor to purchaser against loss of title deeds, 714. 
 
 for quiet enjoyment or return of purchase- 
 money in case of eviction, 327. 
 
 general form, 317. 
 
 indemnifying mortgagees against claim of dower, 715 717. 
 
 limitation of amount recoverable under a, 298. 
 
 Lloyd's, 334. 
 
 transfer of, 335. 
 
 not to carry on business within a certain distance for a certain number 
 of years, 331. 
 
 post obit, with surety, for securing sum if vendor should survive his 
 father, 320. 
 
 submission to arbitration by, in common form, 130. 
 
 to executor of obligor of lost bond, on payment, 713. 
 
 to resign a rectory on request after cither of the patron's two sous is 
 competent to take it, 330. 
 
 to secure fidelity of banker's chief clerk, 325, 326. 
 
 to secure payment of instalments of purchase-money for share of out- 
 going partner, and to indemnify him against liabilities of the part- 
 nership, 332. 
 
 with sureties under sect. 85 of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 
 1845... 570. 
 
 BOOK. See AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. 
 
 agreement for sale of, on commission, 274, 275. 
 
 for writing and publishing, copyright to belong to pub- 
 lisher and author to nave 
 right to edit future editions, 
 276280. 
 
 on profit-sharing terms, 281. 
 for publication of new edition of, 284. 
 for editing, 286. 
 
 afisignnient of copyright of, 289, 290. 
 licence to print, publish and sell one edition of, 288. 
 
 BUILDING CONTRACTS, 
 
 access of architect to works, 354. 
 
 agreement for construction of steamship, 52 57. 
 
 for building house, &c. where no architect employed, 340 
 
 342. 
 for extensive alteration of and additions to house in London, 
 
 342345. 
 
 for a building grant in consideration of perpetual rent- 
 charge, 345 348. 
 
 with schedule of conditions sanctioned by the Royal Insti- 
 tute of British Architects, 350 et seq. 
 arbitration clause, 342, 363. 
 
 assignment of moneys due and to become due under, 233 235. 
 bankruptcy, &c. of builder, cesser of contract on, 344. 
 bills of quantities, 343, 355. 
 bond from builders, with sureties, for due performance of contract to 
 
 build a school and alter and repair a house, 349. 
 burial ground works, 445 449. 
 clerk of works, 354. 
 commencement and execution of works, 344. 
 
 Volume: I. endtt with page 858.
 
 1616 INDEX. 
 
 BUILDING CONTRACTS continued. 
 
 contractor to provide materials, 343, 353. 
 
 copies of drawings and specifications, 352. 
 
 copy of estimate, 353. 
 
 damage to persons and property, 357. 
 
 damages for non-completion, 359. 
 
 date of completion, 358. 
 
 defective work, 343, 355, 356. 
 
 dismissal of workmen by architect, 354. 
 
 drawings and specification, 344, 352. 
 
 dwelling-houses, agreement for erection of, 34.6. 
 
 extension of time lor completion, 359. 
 
 extras, 341343, 354. 
 
 insurance, 358. 
 
 local authorities, notices to, &c., 353. 
 
 non-payment by emplcyer, 363. 
 
 payment and certificate, 344, 362. 
 
 plans, agreement to deposit, 347. 
 
 " prime cost," meaning of, 361. 
 
 provisional sums, 361. 
 
 re-entry, power of, in case of default of grantee, 348. 
 
 streets, agreement to make, 346. 
 
 sub-contractors, 357. 
 
 suspension of works by contractor, 341, 359 361. 
 
 unfixed materials to be property of employer, 355. 
 
 work to be opened up at request of architect, 356. 
 
 BUILDING SOCIETIES, 
 
 rules for a permanent building society, 364 et seq. 
 actuary, 383. 
 
 advances to members, 373, 374. 
 agents, 385. 
 
 alteration of rules, 385. 
 annual meetings, 365. 
 audit, 384. 
 bankers, 384. 
 
 bankrupt and compounding members, 369. 
 borrowing powers, 372. 
 branch offices, 365. 
 business premises, 373. 
 cessation of membership, 370. 
 chief office, 365. 
 common seal, 386. 
 compulsory withdrawal, 372. 
 consolidation of mortgages, 378. 
 construction of rules, 387. 
 death of members intestate, 369. 
 default in repayment of advances, 376, 377. 
 deposit of securities, 386. 
 directors, 378380. 
 dissolution, 387. 
 disputes, 386. 
 
 division of profits, 371, 372. 
 fire insurance, 377. 
 form of notice of withdrawal, 387. 
 
 of transfer, 387. 
 general manager, 381. 
 
 meetings, conduct of, 366. 
 indemnity of officers, 384. 
 infant members, 367. 
 
 Volume I. ends with, page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1617 
 
 JHJILD1NG SOCIETIES continued. 
 
 roles for a permanent building society Continued. 
 investment of surplus funds, 373. 
 joint shareholders, 367. 
 meetings of directors, 380. 
 membership, 367. 
 minutes, 380. 
 
 monthly subscription meetings, 365. 
 mortgages, 374 377. 
 name and objects, 364. 
 officers, 378 385. 
 pass-books, 368. 
 payments by members, 368. 
 receipts, 368. 
 
 redemption of mortgages, 378. 
 register of members, 367. 
 rejection of members, 367. 
 remuneration of solicitor, 382. 
 sale of mortgaged property, 375 377. 
 secretary, 380. 
 security for advances, 374 377. 
 
 from officers, 384. 
 shares, 370. 
 solicitor, 381383. 
 special general meetings, 365. 
 survey, 383. 
 tables, 388, 389. 
 transfer of shares, 368. 
 treasurer, 383. 
 trustees, 383. 
 withdrawal of shares, 370, 371. 
 
 rules for a terminating building society, 390 et seq. 
 admitting members after commencement, 392. 
 alteration of rules, 401. 
 annual meetings, 400. 
 arrears at close of society, 402. 
 audit of accounts, 400. 
 borrowing powers, 403. 
 change of officers, 408. 
 common seal, 402. 
 
 completion of unfinished buildings, 398. 
 conduct of business, 403. 
 copies of rules, 402. 
 death of members, 395. 
 deposit of securities, 403. 
 directors, 404, 405. 
 disputes, 401. 
 election of officers, 402. 
 entrance and subscriptions, 390. 
 fines, 390. 
 
 form of transfer of shares, 409. 
 fractions of shares, 391. 
 interest or redemption money. 399. 
 investment of capital, 397. 
 losses, 400. 
 
 lunatic and insane members, 394. 
 manager, 405, 406. 
 mortgages, 397, 398. 
 name and office, 390. 
 receipts, 391. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1618 INDEX. 
 
 BUILDING SOCIETIES continued. 
 
 rules for a terminating building society continued. 
 redemption of mortgages, 399. 
 register of members, bdl. 
 remuneration of solicitor, 406 i08. 
 sale of capital, 395 397. 
 security for capital purchased, 397, 398. 
 solicitor, 406408. 
 special general meetings, 401, 403. 
 statement of affairs, 400. 
 surplus capital, 397. 
 survey committee, 404. 
 surveyor, 408. 
 
 time of payment of subscriptions, 390. 
 transfer of shares, 392. 
 
 of mortgaged premises, 399. 
 withdrawal, 393, 3d4. 
 
 rules for a co-operativa building and land society, 409 el seq. 
 accounts and balance sheet, 413, 417, 418. 
 admission of members, 410, 411. 
 advances, 420 423. 
 agents, 415. 
 
 allotment of houses and sites, 424 427. 
 alteration of rules, 432. 
 annual statement, 418, 419. 
 audit of accounts, 418. 
 certificate of shares, 436. 
 
 change of residence of member, notice of, 430. 
 classes of shares, 410. 
 committee of management, 414, 415. 
 common seal, 433. 
 
 completion of unfinished buildings, 421. 
 conveyances to allottees, 427. 
 copies of annual return, 419. 
 
 of rules, 411. 
 
 death, lunacy or bankruptcy of member, 430, 432. 
 default of mortgagor, 421. 
 
 of allottees in payment of instalments, 427. 
 exclusion from membership, 411. 
 expenses of management, 412. 
 fines, 421. 
 forms, 436, 437. 
 
 infant and female members, 411. 
 insurance, 422. 
 interpretation of rules, 435. 
 interest on advances, 410. 
 investigation of affairs, 434. 
 investment of capital, 420. 
 loans and deposits, 432. 
 maximum holdings, 410. 
 meetings, 412 414. 
 misconduct of officers, 417. 
 mortgages, 420 422. 
 name and objects, 409. 
 negotiable instruments, 433. 
 nominations, 431, 436. 
 notice of withdrawal, form of, 436. 
 officers, 414 418. 
 ordinary general meetings, 412, 413. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1019 
 
 BUILDING SOCIETIES continued. 
 
 rules for a co-operative building and laud society continued. 
 pass-books, 410. 
 payments by society, 416, 417. 
 
 by allottees, 427. 
 profits, application of, 434. 
 publicity, 419. 
 
 purchase and sale of sites and buildings, 423, 424. 
 redemption of mortgagee, 422. 
 reduction of capital, 433. 
 register of members, 430. 
 registered office, 40t), 410. 
 reports of surveyors, 417. 
 sale of mortgaged property, 421, 422. 
 secretary, duties of, 4i6. 
 security from officers, 414. 
 service of notices, 434. 
 share certificates, 411. 
 solicitor, duties of, 416. 
 special general meetings, 413. 
 surrender of allotment right, 428. 
 transfer of shares, 428, 436. 
 voluntary dissolution, 434. 
 withdrawal of shares, 429, 436. 
 
 BUE1ALS, 
 
 bond for securing performance of contract for works, 449. 
 certificate of burial, 451. 
 
 to overseers for payment of expenses incurred by burial 
 
 board, 440. 
 contract for purchase of land by burial board, 443. 
 
 for works, 445 449. 
 conveyance to burial board, 443. 
 
 in consideration of rent-charge, 444. 
 
 where burial ground to be held and used as existing church- 
 yard, 445. 
 
 grant of exclusive right of burial, 451. 
 mortgage of poor rates, 441. 
 notice of burial, 451. 
 
 of interment, 450. 
 
 of meeting to determine whether burial ground to be provided, 
 
 438. 
 
 to be sent to Local Government Board, 439. 
 requisition for meeting to determine whether burial ground shall be 
 
 provided, 437. 
 
 resolution to provide a burial ground, 438. 
 summons for meeting of burial board, 440. 
 terminable annuity deed, 442. 
 transfer of mortgage, 442. 
 
 BUSINESS, assignment of, in consideration of sum to be paid by instal- 
 ments, 235 240. 
 
 BY-LAWS, 
 
 for regulation and management of common, 527 532. 
 under Tramways Act, 1583 1563. 
 
 CEMETERY. See BURIALS. 
 
 Volume 1. ends with page 858.
 
 1620 INDEX. 
 
 CERTIFICATE, 
 
 in respect of failure to give occupier's liability notice under the Tithe 
 
 Act, 1407. 
 of burial, 451. 
 
 ot compliance with Clerical Subscription Act, 615. 
 of justices that capital has been subscribed, 542. 
 
 CHAPEL Otf EASE, nomination to, 613. 
 
 CHAPLAIN, 
 
 appointment of, 616. 
 discharge of domestic, 616. 
 
 CHARTERPAETIES, 452458. 
 
 CHILD; CHILDREN, 
 
 agreement for adoption of, 62 64. 
 
 provisions as to custody, maintenance, AUJ. in separation deed, 1346, 1317. 
 
 CHURCHYARD. See BURIALS. 
 CIRCULAR NOTE, 300. 
 
 CLUB, 
 
 golf, rules and regulations, 489 497. 
 
 lawn tennis, rules and regulations, 502 511. 
 
 licence by landowner to committee of cricket club to erect pavilion and 
 
 use ground for cricket and lawn tennis, 511 513. 
 political, rules for, 472 480. 
 rowing, rules and by-laws, 497 502. 
 social, rules and regulations, 458472. 
 
 working men's, rules of, 513 527. See WORKING MKN'S CLUB. 
 yacht, rules and regulations, 480 489. 
 
 COLONIAL AGENT, agreement for employment of, 2730. 
 COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER, agreement for employment of, 31, 32. 
 COMMON, by-laws for regulation and management of, 527 532. 
 
 COMMUTATION, 
 
 of royalties, deed of, 1144. 
 
 proviso for, 1156. 
 
 COMPANY, 
 
 agreement for employment of manager of, 9 12. 
 
 for sale of patent to trustee for proposed, 1028 1030. 
 licence to, to use patent in consideration of premium in cash and shares, 
 rents and royalties, 1129 1135. 
 
 COMPENSATION, 
 
 under Agricultural Holdings Act. See AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS. 
 under Lands Clauses Acts. See LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 
 
 COMPOSITION. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS. 
 bond for payment of, 339. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1621 
 
 COMPROMISE, 
 
 of divorce proceeding*, deed of separation on, 1349. 
 power to trustees to, in assignment for benefit of creditors, 171, 179. 
 to inspectors to, in deed of inspectorship, 191, 199. 
 
 COMPULSORY PURCHASE. See LANDS CLAUSES ACTS. 
 CONDITIONS OF SALE. See AUCTIONS AND AUCTIONEERS. 
 CONSTRUCTION of steamship, contract for, 5257. 
 
 CONTRACT. See AGREEMENT. 
 
 assignment of moneys due and to become due under, 233 235. 
 
 building. See BUILDING CONTRACTS. 
 
 for construction of railway station and line, 214 et seq. See RAILWAY. 
 
 CONVEYANCING ACTS, notices under, before enforcing right of re-entry, 
 727729. 
 
 CO-OPERATIVE BUILDING AND LAND SOCIETY, rules for, 409 et 
 seq. See BUILDING SOCIETIES. 
 
 COPYHOLDS, 
 
 covenant to surrender, in deed of arrangement, 178. 
 licence to demise, by tenant for life of manor, 744. 
 licence to dig for brick earth, &c., 745. 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 
 
 agreements as to. See AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. 
 assignment of, of book, 289. 
 
 of published book and MS. additions, 290. 
 
 of book and MS., by administrator of deceased author, 
 290. 
 
 COSTS, 
 
 clauses as to, in awards, 157. 
 
 in submissions to arbitration, 119, 122. 
 
 COUNTER-NOTICE, 542. 
 
 COVENANT: COVENANTS, 
 
 by assignee of patent to pay royalties, &c., and indemnify assignor, 
 
 1090, 1091. 
 
 by assignor of patent as to extensions, 1067, 1080. 
 by continuing partner and surety to indemnify retiring partner, 718. 
 by creditors not to sue, 175, 181, 187, 197, 203, 217. 
 by debtor not to carry on new business, 188. 
 
 not to encumber estate, 188. 
 
 to carry on business and realise estate, 187. 
 
 to keep books of account, 188, 198. 
 
 to allow inspector to examine books and vouchers, 188. 
 
 to surrender copyholds, 178. 
 
 to make up accounts, 187. 
 
 to wind up business and realise estate under inspection, 197, 
 220. 
 
 to pay composition and costs, 205. 
 
 to pay instalments of composition, 208. 
 
 to pay annuity as sinking fund for payment of debts, 213. 
 by husband to pay annuity to wife, in separation deed, 1340. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1622 INDEX. 
 
 COVENANT ; COVES ANTS continued. 
 
 by lessee uot to release or waive restrictive covenant by underlessee, 737. 
 that covenants in lease shall apply to altered premises, 742. 
 to reinstate premises, 741. 
 to pay costs of licence for . alterations and indemnify lessor, 
 
 743. 
 
 by licensee of patent not to assign, mortgage, &.c., without consent, 1159. 
 not to manufacture, llb'4. 
 to keep books of account, ll)9l>, 1131, 1141. 
 to stamp articles sent by other licensors, 1157, 1158. 
 to supply foreign customers of licensor on notice, 
 
 113/. 
 by licensor of patent as to non-user in district, 1115, 1158. 
 
 not to grant other licences for the United King- 
 dom, 1110. 
 on more favourable 
 
 terms, 1160. 
 
 not to manufacture or deal in patent articles, 1127. 
 not to engage in similar business, 1164. 
 to defend and take proceedings, 1101, 1161. 
 to supply raw materials at fixed prices, 1105. 
 to supply patent articles at fixed prices, 1110. 
 to manufacture for licensee, 1164. 
 
 by mortgagee to perform covenants in licence of patent during posses- 
 sion, 1178. 
 by mortgagor of patent to keep books of account, &c., 1174. 
 
 as to extensions, 1171. 
 by purchaser to indemnify vendor against consequences of using his 
 
 name, 238. 
 
 by purchaser of patent to pay percentages on net profits, 1063, 1064. 
 by sub-licensee of patent not to assign, &c., without consent, 1142. 
 
 to give notice of infringements and assist in 
 
 proceedings, 1143. 
 
 to pay for plates bearing patent mark, 1142. 
 
 to perform covenants in superior licence, 1142. 
 
 by sureties for payment by mortgagor of life policy, of interest and 
 
 premiums, 861 863. 
 
 by trustee to indemnify husband against wife's debts, 1341, 1347. 
 for further assurance (patent), 1020, 1062. 
 
 (separation deed), 1348. 
 for payment of purchase-money by instalments, 1118. 
 
 of moneys due on current account at bank, 293. 
 
 of principal and interest in mortgage of patent, 1174, 
 
 1177. 
 
 in bill of sale, 312. 
 in mortgage of life policy, 859, 
 
 864, 867. 
 
 by instalments, 876. 
 and further advances, 11(56, 
 
 1167. 
 
 at fixed rate and also accord- 
 ing to profits, 1173. 
 
 for quiet enjoyment by mortgagor of patent, 1176. 
 for validity of licence, 1090, 1176, 1178. 
 
 of patent, 1061, 1067, 1076, 1087, 1097, 1145, 1168. 
 in assignment of life assurance policy, 228. 
 not to carry on trade within certain district, 237. 
 not to molest in deed of separation, 1340, 1344, 1349, 1350. 
 not to disclose invention, 1019. 
 not to remove chattels, 312. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1623 
 
 COVENANT; COVENANTS continued. 
 
 not to take proceedings for divorce, 1344. 
 
 not to dispute validity of patent, 1098, 1160. 
 
 not to amend specification for patent, 1101, 1158. 
 
 not to use invention without purchaser's licence, 1019. 
 
 not to sell below certain prices, 1126. 
 
 that inventor has not disclosed invention, 1019. 
 
 that life policy is valid, 864. 
 
 to allow purchaser to uae vendor's name, 238. 
 
 to apply for and assign patent for improvements, 1061, 1063. 
 
 to assign patent, 1018, 1046, 1049. 
 
 to commence manufacture of patent articles and purchase plant, &c., 
 1136. 
 
 to communicate improvements, &e. (patents), 1061, 1063, 1067, 1070, 
 1087, 1099, 1120, 1163, 1170. 
 
 to deliver lists of customers, 237. 
 
 to detect infringements of patent and assist in proceedings, 1098, 1161, 
 1168. 
 
 to execute assignment of patent for district after payment of purchase- 
 money, 1119. 
 
 to indemnify inventor from costs of obtaining patent, 1020. 
 
 to instruct purchaser in invention, 1019. 
 
 to introduce purchaser of business to customers, 237. 
 
 to insure, in bill of sale, 312. 
 
 in mortgage of freeholds, 294. 
 
 to keep up life policy, 860, 864. 
 
 to manufacture patent articles only according to specification, 1098, 
 1107, 1158. 
 
 to observe articles of partnership, 877. 
 
 to pay renewal fees (patent), 1068, 1101, 1119, 1161, 1168. 
 rent and royalties, 1130, 1150. 
 
 royalties, 1096, 1100. 1104, 1114, 1125, 1130, 1136, 1141, 1148 
 1155. 
 
 to repair, in bill of sale, 313. 
 
 to solicit grant of patent, 1018. 
 
 to surrender copyholds, 178. 
 
 to use patent mark, 1097, 1106, 1111, 1138, 11561158. 
 
 to verify statements of account, 1097. 
 
 CRICKET CLUB, licence to, to erect pavilion and use ground for cricket 
 and lawn tennis, 511 513. 
 
 CURRENT ACCOUNT, 
 
 bond, with sureties, to secure, 296 298. 
 memorandum of deposit of documents to secure, 291. 
 mortsragp of freeholds to trnsf<v>s of banking company to secure, 292 
 295. 
 
 DAMAGES for non-completion of building contract, 359. 
 
 DECLARATION OF TRUST, 
 of copyholds, 178. 
 of leaseholds, 172, 180. 
 of patent, 1007, 1013. 
 
 DEED OF ARRANGEMENT. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS. 
 DEED OF INSPECTORSHIP. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS. 
 
 Volume 1. ends with page 858.
 
 1624 INDEX. 
 
 DEED POLL in default of conveyance under Lands Clauses Acts, 566. 
 
 DEL CREDERE COMMISSION, 21. 
 
 DEPOSIT, 
 
 of documents to secure current account, memorandum of, 291. 
 of goods as security for loan, agreement for, 59. 
 
 DEPUTY STEWAKD, 
 
 appointment of, 93, 94. 
 
 for special purposes, 95. 
 power to appoint, 99. 
 
 DISHONOUR, notice of, 305. 
 
 DISSENTIENT CREDITORS, power to settle with, in deeds of arrange- 
 ment, 174, 179, 185, 196. 
 
 DISSOLUTION, 
 
 of partnership, award of, 140, 147, 148, 159161. 
 
 deed of indemnity against liabilities on, 718. 
 notice of, 882, 883. 
 
 DISTRESS, 
 
 appraisement, 608. 
 
 consent of tenant to continuance in possession for more than five days, 
 
 608. 
 
 declaration by lodger, undertenant, &c., 611. 
 for tithe rent-charge, order for, 1393, 1396. 
 inventory of goods distrained, 603. 
 notice of distress for rent, 605. 
 
 of growing crops, &c., 605. 
 
 to bailiff of County Court of rent due from execution debtor, 610. 
 to sheriff of rent due from execution debtor, 609. 
 to execution creditor from sheriff of rent being due from execution 
 
 debtor, 609. 
 request by tenant to withdraw, with liberty to make a second distress, 
 
 606. 
 
 by tenant or owner for removal of distress to auction room, 607. 
 by tenant to sell before the extended time, 608. 
 by tenant for extension of time to replevy, 607. 
 requirement by tenant or owner of appraisement, 607. 
 report by officer ordered to distrain for tithe rent-charge that there is 
 
 no sufficient distress, 1399. 
 warrant to distrain for rent in a house, 603. 
 on a farm, 603. 
 
 DOCUMENTS, 
 
 clause as to production of, in submission to arbitration, 120. 
 notice to produce, by arbitrator, 137. 
 
 by solicitor of party to arbitration, 136. 
 
 DOMESTIC CHAPLAIN, 
 appointment of, 616. 
 discharge of, 616. 
 
 DOWER, bond indemnifying: mortgagees against, 715 717. 
 
 Volume J. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1625 
 
 EASEMENT, notice to treat for, 535. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL LAW, 
 
 appointment of chaplain by bishop, 616. 
 
 of domestic chaplain, 616. 
 
 certificate of compliance with Clerical Subscription Act, 615. 
 discharge of domestic chaplain, 616. 
 donation, 613, 614. 
 nomination to chapel of ease, 613. 
 
 to perpetual curacy, 613. 
 presentation, 614. 
 testimonial for orders, 612. 
 
 EDITOK. See AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. 
 
 EMPLOYMENT, 
 
 clause in contract of, restraining employee from engaging in similar 
 
 business, 12. 
 
 of colonial agent, 27 30. 
 of commercial traveller, 31, 32. 
 of factor, 4 9. 
 of manager, 9 12. 
 
 of sole agent for sale of patent articles, 18 23. 
 of underwriting agent, 23 27. 
 
 ENGINEER, articles of apprenticeship to, 111113. 
 
 EQUITABLE MOETGAGE, deposit of documents by way of, to secure 
 current account, 291. 
 
 EQUITY OF REDEMPTION, notice by purchaser of, to mortgagee, 887. 
 ESTATE MANAGER, appointment of, 96102. 
 
 EXECUTION, 
 
 notice to sheriff or bailiff of rent due from debtor, 609, 610. 
 
 that goods seized are only let to debtor, 888. 
 
 EXECUTOR, 
 
 agreement of reference by, as to testator's estate, 123. 
 
 as to liability, but not as to assets, 124. 
 award against, 157. 
 bond from legatee to, to refund if there should be deficiency of assets, 
 
 320322. 
 
 notice to, of assignment of legacy, 231. 
 release to, by residuary legatee, 1332. 
 
 EXTRAS, provisions as to, in building contracts, 341 343, 354. 
 
 FACTOR, agreement for employment of, 4 9. 
 
 FAITHFUL SERVICE, bond for, 322326. 
 
 FAMILY ARRANGEMENT to give effect to intended will, 65. 
 
 FARMING STOCK, agreement for sale of, 34. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858,
 
 1626 INDEX. 
 
 FIDELITY BONDS, 322326. 
 
 FIDELITY INSURANCE, award on policy of, 144. 
 
 FIRE INSURANCE, 
 
 arbitration clause, 141. 
 
 award on claim under policy of, 140 142. 
 
 where claim found to be fraudulent, 142 144. 
 recital of condition as to arbitration in policy, 143. 
 submission to arbitration of claim under policy, 126. 
 
 FIXTURES, notice of intention to remove, under Agricultural Holdings 
 Act, 74. 
 
 FOREIGN, 
 
 bill of exchange, 303. 
 circular note, 300. 
 firm, inland bill on, 303. 
 
 Government, agreement with, for construction and working of railway, 
 1240 1256. See RAILWAY. 
 
 FRIENDLY SOCIETY, 
 
 approved society under National Insurance Act, rules of, 1540 et seq. 
 
 See TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 benefit society, rules of, 617 et seq. See BENEFIT SOCIETY. 
 benevolent society, rules of, 686 693. See BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. 
 specially authorised society, rules of, 693 700. 
 working men's club, rules of, 513 527. See WORKING MEN'S CLUB. 
 
 FUND IN COURT, mortgage of interest in, 870, 872875. 
 FURNITURE, hire-purchase agreement, 703706. 
 
 GAME, 
 
 appointment of arbitrator to determine compensation for damage by, . 
 
 notice by tenant of damage by, 81. 
 
 notice of claim for compensation for damage by, 82. 
 
 GAMEKEEPER, appointment of, 92, 97. 
 
 GAS BILL, 954 et seq. 
 
 additional capital, power to raise, 955. 
 
 application of moneys raised, 956. 
 
 borrowing powers, 956. 
 
 capital, 955, 956. 
 
 construction of works, 960. 
 
 defective meters, 967. 
 
 discounts and rebates, 962. 
 
 dividends dependent on price charged for gas, 961 . 
 
 standard rate of, 956. 
 excess of profits, application of, 958. 
 failure to supply gas, 968. 
 fittings, power to supply, 965, 966. 
 general purposes of company, 955. 
 incorporation of Acts, 954. 
 
 of company, 954. 
 
 interest on deposits as security for meter, &c., 965. 
 interpretation, 954. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1627 
 
 GAS BILL continued. 
 
 issue of new shares or stock, 958 960. 
 
 lands, power to purchase, 961 . 
 
 limitation of profits, 956 958. 
 
 limits of Act, 954. 
 
 local authority, contracts with, for supply in bulk, 967. 
 
 miscellaneous clauses, 981 1022. See PRIVATE BILL LEGISLATION. 
 
 notice of removal by consumers, 966, 967. 
 
 notice to discontinue supply, 967. 
 
 pipes, &c. between mains and meter, 964, 965. 
 
 power to lay pipes in private streets, 960. 
 
 prepayment meters, 962, 963. 
 
 pressure, 964. 
 
 price for supply of gas, 961 963. 
 
 priority of mortgages, 983. 
 
 quality of gas, 963. 
 
 refusal of supply to persons in debt, 967. 
 
 reserve fund, 958. 
 
 sale of new shares or stock, 958 960. 
 
 sale of plant outside district, 987. 
 
 saving as to penalties, 964. 
 
 special purposes fund, 957. 
 
 supply outside limits, 967. 
 
 testing quality, 963, 964. 
 
 GENERAL EELEASE, award for, 150. 
 GOLF CLUB, rules of a, 489497. 
 
 GOODWILL, 
 
 agreement for sale of, 42 45. 
 
 assignment of, in consideration of sum to be paid by instalments, 235 
 240. 
 
 GOVEENESS, articles of apprenticeship to qualify pupil as, 116. 
 GEANT of exclusive right of burial, 451. 
 GEOUND GAME, licence by occupier to kill, 743, 744. 
 GEOWING TIMBEE, agreement for purchase of, 3234. 
 
 GUAEANTEE, 
 
 bond from two sureties to merchants who have agreed to supply trades- 
 man with goods, 702. 
 for certain amount, 701. 
 
 for debt already due, to prevent proceedings, 701. 
 for price of goods to be furnished to third person, 700. 
 to stop proceedings already commenced, 701. 
 to landlord for rent, 702. 
 
 GUAEDIAN, 
 
 appointment of, by father, 91. 
 
 in agreement for adoption of child, 62, 63. 
 
 HIEE of chattels, agreement for, 59. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858. 
 
 p. vox,, ij, 49
 
 INDEX. 
 
 HIRE-PURCHASE, 
 
 of furniture, agreement for, 703 706. 
 
 of machinery, agreement for, 707 710. 
 
 of patent, agreement for, 10431047, 10481051, 11161121. 
 
 of pianoforte, agreement for, 706. 
 
 HUSBAND AND WIFE. See SEPARATION DEED. 
 
 IMPROVEMENTS, 
 
 clauses as to, in agreements, &c. relating to patents. See PATENT. 
 under Agricultural Holdings Act. See AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS. 
 
 INDEMNITY, 
 
 against partnership debts on dissolution of partnership, 718. 
 
 against wife's debts, covenant for, in separation deed, 1341, 1347. 
 
 agreement for, against rent and covenants, 712. 
 
 bond of, by purchaser of leaseholds, indemnifying vendor from rent and 
 
 covenants, 710, 711. 
 
 by person carrying on business in another's name, 717. 
 from vendor to purchaser, against loss of title deeds, 714. 
 to mortgagees against claim of dower, 715 717. 
 to executor of obligor of lost bond, on payment, 713. 
 covenant indemnifying tenant paying rent, where title to reversion in 
 
 dispute, 712. 
 
 assignor of licence against royalties, 1090, 1091. 
 inventor from costs of obtaining patent, 1020. 
 trustees carrying on trade, &c., 1335. 
 
 INDICTMENT for nuisance, award on reference of, 165 167. 
 INFANT, notice to, requiring return of goods, 889. 
 INNKEEPER, notice by, of intention to sell goods, 889. 
 INSPECTORSHIP. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS. 
 
 INSTALMENTS. See HIRE-PURCHASE. 
 
 agreement for loan by, to enable inventor to take out and work patent, 
 
 10021007. 
 for sale of moiety of patent, purchase-money payable by, 
 
 10141017. 
 
 assignment of business in consideration of sum payable by, 235 240. 
 bill of exchange payable by, 302, 303. 
 bond for payment by, general form, 317. 
 
 with agreement that if instalments not duly paid, 
 payments to be only a partial discharge, 318. 
 covenant by debtor to pay, in composition deed, 208. 
 
 for payment of purchase-money by, 1118. 
 licence in consideration of sum payable by, 1116 1121. 
 of purchase-money of share of outgoing partner, bond to secure, 332. 
 provisions as to, in agreement for compiling a dictionary, 282 284. 
 
 for sale, 44, 45. 
 
 for construction of steamship, 56. 
 in articles of apprenticeship, 114. 
 payment of editor's remuneration by, 285. 
 
 INSURANCE. See FIRE INSURANCE; LIFE ASSURANCE. 
 
 provisions as to, in agreement for hire of machinery, 708. 
 
 in building contract, 358. 
 
 rales of approved society under National Insurance Act, 1540 et sag. 
 See TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858,
 
 INDEX. 1629 
 
 INTEREST, notice requiring payment of, on simple contract debt, 888. 
 INTESTATE, award between children of, 148, 149. 
 INVENTION. See PATENT. 
 INVENTORY of goods distrained, 603, 604. 
 INVESTMENT, trust for, in separation deed, 1344. 
 
 JUDGMENT, acknowledgment of satisfaction of, 1. 
 
 LANDLORD AND TENANT. See AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS; DISTRESS. 
 attornment by several tenants to purchaser from landlord, 729. 
 
 to receiver or purchaser, with consent of landlord and mort- 
 gagee, 730. 
 covenant by lessee not to release or waive restrictive covenant by under- 
 
 lessee, 737. 
 to pay costs of licence for alterations, and indemnify 
 
 lessor, 743. 
 
 deed of covenant to indemnify tenant paying rent where title to rever- 
 sion in dispute, 712. 
 demand of possession at end of tenancy, otherwise double rent or 
 
 value, 724. 
 
 pursuant to C. L. P. Act, 1852... 723. 
 to determine tenancy at will, 723. 
 guarantee to landlord for rent, 702. 
 lease to county council for small holdings, 1380 1383. 
 licence by occupier to kill ground game, 743, 744. 
 
 by tenant for life of manor to demise copyholds, 744. 
 to dig for brick earth, &c. on copyhold lands, 745. 
 to assign leaseholds, 734. 
 to underlet, 735. 
 
 to underlet part of premises, with proviso that underlessee shall 
 not assign or underlet without consent of superior lessor, 736. 
 to carry on profession or business forbidden by lease, 738. 
 to open communication between two houses held under different 
 
 leases, 739. 
 notice by landlord to quit lodgings, 720. 
 
 to take part of land for building, &c. in pursuance 
 
 of covenant, 731. 
 
 by receiver for mortgagee to tenant, 885. 
 by tenant to quit lodgings, 722. 
 
 to landlord, &c. of action for recovery of the land, 732. 
 from lessee to lessor of intention to call for renewal of lease, 732. 
 
 to purchase inheritance, 733. 
 of assignment of lease, 734. 
 from landlord to sheriff of rent being due from execution debtor, 
 
 609, 734. 
 
 of mortgage to tenant of mortgagor, 884. 
 to determine lease for twenty-one years at end of first seven or 
 
 fourteen years, 722. 
 to quit by agent of landlord, 720. 
 
 of tenant, 721. 
 by landlord himself, 720. 
 by tenant himself, 721. 
 by tenant in common, 722. 
 to repair, 725, 726. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858. 
 
 49 (2)
 
 1630 INDEX. 
 
 LANDLORD AND TENANT continued. 
 
 notice to tenant to deliver up possession, pursuant to 1 & 2 Viet. c. 74... 
 
 725. 
 under Conveyancing Acts before enforcing right of re-entry, 
 
 727729. 
 
 cutting down trees, 728. 
 ejectment, 727. 
 for non-repair, 727. 
 nuisance, 728. 
 permitting drunkenness, 728. 
 
 LANDS CLAUSES ACTS, 
 
 agreement between promoters and landowner for the purchase of lands. 
 
 539. 
 appointment of surveyors to determine purchase-money where parties 
 
 under disability, 1204. 
 of third surveyor by justices, 541, 1206. 
 of an arbitrator by the claimant, 545. 
 
 by the promoters, 546. 
 of a single arbitrator by agreement, 548. 
 of an arbitrator to act for both parties under sect. 25... 548. 
 under sect. 64 by a claimant who is dis- 
 satisfied with the valuation of a sur- 
 veyor appointed under sect. 58... 549. 
 of umpire by arbitrators under sect. 27... 550. 
 
 by the Board of Trade under sect. 28... 551. 
 of surveyor by justices under sect. 85... 568. 
 
 by Board of Trade under sect. 36 of the Rail- 
 way Companies Act, 1867... 570. 
 apportionment of rent by justices, 574. 
 assessment of compensation by justices, 543. 
 award by two arbitrators, 552. 
 by umpire, 554, 1208. 
 
 stating a case for the opinion of the Court, 555. 
 bond with sureties under sect. 85... 570. 
 certificate of justices that capital has been subscribed, 542. 
 counter-notice by an owner under sect. 92... 542. 
 declaration of impartiality by a surveyor, 572. 
 
 of correctness of valuation by a surveyor, 573. 
 deed poll in default of conveyance pursuant to sect. 75... 566. 
 demand for arbitration under sect. 68, where lands have been injuriously 
 
 affected, 545. 
 
 enlargement of time for making award, 552. 
 nomination of a surveyor by justices under sect. 59... 567. 
 
 of two surveyors under sect. 9... 540. 
 notice to treat for purchase of lands, 532, 1185. 
 
 for an easement, 535. 
 from owner requiring arbitration, 1188. 
 from tenant in tail, &c. requiring arbitration, 1189. 
 of application to justices to appoint a surveyor, 540. 
 of desire to have compensation assessed by an arbitrator under 
 
 sect. 23... 544. 
 
 of appointment of arbitrator by claimant, and request to pro- 
 moters to appoint an arbitrator, 546. 
 
 of appointment of arbitrator by promoters, and request to land- 
 owner to appoint an arbitrator, 547. 
 of failure to agree by arbitrators, 552. 
 by railway company of intention to enter lands for temporary 
 
 "purposes, 1189 1191. 
 
 from owner or occupier requiring company not to use land for 
 temporary purposes, 1192. 
 
 Volume I f ends with page 858,
 
 INDEX. 1631 
 
 LANDS CLAUSES ACTS continued. 
 
 notice from owner, &c. of private road requiring company not to use 
 
 the road, 1198. 
 of desire for a jury where lands have been injuriously affected, 
 
 Ml. 
 of intention to summon a jury, and of offer of compensation, 562, 
 
 1198. 
 
 of desire for a special jury, 564. 
 of time and place for nominating and striking special jury, 564. 
 
 of inquiry to be given by promoter*, 565. 
 to attend for reducing a special jury, 564. 
 to arbitrators requiring them to appoint an umpire, 1187. 
 of intention to apply to Board of Trade to appoint surveyor 
 
 under sect. 36 of the Railway Companies Act, 1867... 570. 
 of intention to apply to justices to appoint a third surveyor, 1206. 
 to promoters to apportion rent under sect. 119... 573. 
 to yearly tenant, 575. 
 to produce lease under sect. 122... 576. 
 of trial, and to produce documents, 577. 
 that private road will be required for temporary use, 1197. 
 to admit, 578. 
 
 requiring company to purchase lands taken for temporary pur- 
 poses, 1195, 1196. 
 offer of the right of pre-emption of superfluous land under sect. 128... 
 
 579. 
 order of justices that land shall not be taken for temporary purposes, 
 
 1193, 1194. 
 
 particulars of claim by an owner, 534. 
 request to arbitrators to appoint an umpire, 550. 
 summons to apportion rent, 573. 
 
 to appear before justices for assessment of compensation pay- 
 able to a yearly tenant, 576. 
 
 titles to originating summonses or petitions, 579, 580. 
 valuation by a surveyor, 572, 1207. 
 
 of agricultural land taken for a railway with injurious affec- 
 tion to adjoining land, 584. 
 of brewer's leasehold interest, 599. 
 of business premises carried on in three houses held under 
 
 leases for different terms, 586. 
 of freehold land on the bank of a river, but for which there 
 
 is no demand, 583. 
 of freehold land taken from an estate with injurious affection 
 
 to remainder, 583. 
 of freehold land as clear site, with alternative valuation on 
 
 basis of owner building shops on it, 584. 
 of freehold houses let to weekly tenants, 585. 
 of freehold wharf held by executors into whose possession it 
 
 will pass on death of tenant for life, 591. 
 of front portion of proposed building taken for widening a 
 
 street, 591, 593. 
 of lessee's interest in land on which he is about to erect shops 
 
 and houses, 582. 
 of land taken by a gas and water company with consequential 
 
 damage to remainder of estate, 594. 
 of premises taken for a street improvement, with allowance 
 
 for betterment, 600. 
 
 of public-house where mortgagees are in possession, 599. 
 of public-house (free lease), 598. 
 of public-house (tied), 597. 
 
 of premises used partly for business and partly for residential 
 purposes, 589. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1632 INDEX. 
 
 LANDS CLAUSES ACTS continued. 
 valuation by a surveyor continued. 
 
 of pawnbroker's business, where premises required for street 
 
 improvement, 588. 
 
 of premises where well-known trade carried on, 587. 
 of premises which have depreciated in value, 583. 
 of trade premises held on a long lease, 580. 
 of trade premises held on a short lease, 581. 
 of theatre, 589. 
 
 of water rights taken by a corporation from a landowner, 595. 
 verdict and judgment, 565. 
 warrant to sheriff to summon jury to determine value of lands, 563, 
 
 120J 1203. 
 
 withdrawal of notice to treat by promoters after receiving a counter- 
 notice, 543. 
 
 LAWN TENNIS CLUB, 
 
 licence for use of ground, o., 511 513. 
 rules and regulations of, 502 511. 
 
 LEASE. See LANDLORD AND TENANT. 
 
 clauses in, with reference to improvements, &c. See AGRICULTURAL 
 
 HOLDINGS. 
 
 lioonce to carry on business forbidden by, 738. 
 notice by lessee of intention to call for renewal, 732. 
 
 to purchase inheritance, 733. 
 of assignment of, 734. 
 
 to determine at end of first seven or fourteen years, 722. 
 to lessee to repair, 725, 726. 
 under Conveyancing Acts before enforcing right of re-entry, 
 
 727729. 
 to county council for small holdings, 1380 1383. 
 
 LEASEHOLDS. See LANDLORD AND TENANT. 
 declaration of trust of, 172, 180. 
 licence to assign, 734. 
 
 to underlet, 735. 
 
 to underlet part of premises, with proviso that underlessee shall 
 not assign or underlet without consent of superior lessor, 736. 
 
 LEGACY, 
 
 assignment of, by way of sale, 230. 
 
 bond from legatee to refund, in case of deficiency of assets, 320 322. 
 
 mortgage of, 870. 
 
 notice of assignment of, to executors, 231. 
 
 release of, in confirmation of gift void for remoteness, 1336. 
 
 LETTER OP CREDIT, 299. 
 
 LETTER OF LICENCE, 
 
 to debtor to carry on business, 186, 217. 
 to wind up business, 197. 
 
 LICENCE, 
 
 assignment of, 10891092. 
 
 auctioneer's, application for, 242. 
 
 by occupier to kill ground game, 743, 744. 
 
 by patentee, commutation of royalties reserved in, 1144. 
 
 during currency of hire-purchase agreement, 1044, 1048. 
 
 exclusive, at rent and royalties, 1099 1103. 
 
 Volume 1. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1633 
 
 LICENCE continued. 
 
 by patentee, exclusive, for a district, at a sum payable by instalments, 
 
 11161121. 
 in consideration of life annuity, 
 
 1121, 1123. 
 
 to a company, cash and shares, 
 
 royalties and rents, 1129 1135. 
 
 for England, Wales and Ireland, with special 
 
 provisions, 1135 1140. 
 for the United Kingdom, subject to prior 
 
 licences, minimum prices, 1123 1129. 
 to manufacture chemicals, licensor to supply 
 
 raw materials, 1103 1108. 
 to sell patent articles to be supplied by licensor, 
 
 11091112. 
 
 non-exclusive, at royalties only, 1095 1099. 
 notice of revocation of, 1146, 1147. 
 notice to make good breaches of covenant in, 1146. 
 revocation of, memorandum to be entered on register, 1143. 
 special clauses for insertion in, 1148 1165. 
 to iirm to manufacture and sell within a district, 1113 
 
 1116. 
 
 by tenant for life of manor to demise copyholds, 744. 
 covenant for validity of, 1090, 1176, 1178. 
 mortgage of, 11751179. 
 to assign leaseholds, 734. 
 
 to carry on business forbidden by lease, 738. 
 to committee of club to erect pavilion and use ground for cricket, &c., 
 
 511513. 
 to debtor to carry on business, 186, 217. 
 
 to wind up business, 197. 
 
 to dig for brick earth, &c. on copyhold land, 745. 
 to open communication between two houses held under different leases, 
 
 739. 
 
 to print, publish and sell one edition of book, 288. 
 to underlet, 735. 
 
 to underlet part of premises, with restriction against underlessee assign- 
 ing, &c., 736. 
 
 LIFE ASSURANCE, 
 
 assignment of policy of, 228. 
 
 award in form of special case on claim under policy of, 161 165. 
 covenants by sureties in mortgages of policies, 861 865. 
 mortgage of policy effected in name of mortgagor, 859 861, 866 869. 
 effected in name of mortgagee, with sureties, 863 
 
 866. 
 
 notice of assignment of policy, 229. 
 
 power for mortgagee to effect policy in default of mortgagor, 865 . 
 recital of mortgage of policy, 861, 862. 
 
 LIGHT RAILWAYS, 
 
 abandonment of portion of railway, order for, 857. 
 
 deviation order, 854. 
 
 extension of time order, 855. 
 
 extensions order, 853, 854. 
 
 Model Order (Class A.), 746 et seq. 
 
 adjoining owners, agreements with, 767. 
 
 advances by local authorities, 747, 783 786. 
 
 agreements with other companies, 771. 
 
 Volume /. ends with page 858.
 
 1634 INDEX. 
 
 LIGHT HALLWAYS continued. 
 
 Model Order (Class A.) continued. 
 application of deposit, 787. 
 
 of money repaid to local authorities, 785. 
 arbitration, 788. 
 bicycles, 778. 
 
 borrowing by local authorities, 784, 785. 
 breaking or falling wires, damage from, 767. 
 bridges, 757. 
 charges, 778780. 
 common lands, 748, 764, 765. 
 company, application of moneys borrowed by, 782. 
 
 borrowing powers, 781, 782. 
 
 calls on shares, 780. 
 
 capital, 780. 
 
 debenture stock, 782. 
 
 deposits not to be paid out of capital, 783. 
 
 directors, 751, 752. 
 
 incorporation, 750. 
 
 interest out of capital, power to pay, 782. 
 
 meetings, 750. 
 
 preference shares, 780. 
 
 receiver, appointment of, by mortgagees, 782. 
 confirmation of Board of Trade, 790. 
 costs of order, 789. 
 
 county council, power of, to borrow, 784. 
 deposits of money, 786 788. 
 
 differences as to roads referred to arbitration, 760. 
 diversion of roads, 759. 
 
 dividends, application of, by local authorities, 785. 
 electrical communication, 789. 
 
 electric power, special provisions as to use of, 773 777. 
 extraordinary purposes, lands for, 754. 
 fencing of railway, 761. 
 gauge and motive power, 753. 
 general Acts, provisions as to, 788. 
 incorporation of Acts, 749. 
 inclination of roads, 756. 
 interpretation, 748. 
 junctions, 762, 763. 
 lands, power to take, 753, 754. 
 level crossing, 758, 759, 771. 
 luggage, passengers', 779. 
 
 motive power, provisions as to use of, 772 777. 
 opening of railway, 769. 
 passengers, maximum rates for, 779. 
 penalties and expenses, 789. 
 
 penalty if railway not opened within time limited, 767, 768. 
 period for completion of works, 755. 
 permanent way, 789. 
 platforms, &c., 790. 
 Postmaster-General, provisions for protection of, 775 777. 
 
 saving for, 772. 
 power to deviate, 756. 
 
 to use portions of another railway, 771. 
 preamble, 746. 
 
 protection of other railway companies, 761 764. 
 railways authorised, 752. 
 rates for merchandise, 778. 
 repair of roads and bridges, 760. 
 
 Volume I. ends ivith page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1636 
 
 LIGHT RAILWAYS continued. 
 
 Model Order (Class A.) continued. 
 
 restrictions of weight 011 rails and speed, 770. 
 
 on taking houses of labouring classes, 753. 
 Schedules, 789, 790. 
 sewers and drains, 765 767. 
 short title, 748. 
 signals, 790. 
 
 small parcels, charges for, 778. 
 telegraphs, protection of, 775 777. 
 telephones, protection of, 755. 
 tolls, 778. 
 
 Treasury grant, 747. 
 turntables, 789. 
 votes of local authorities, 784. 
 working railway, provisions as to, 770 777. 
 Model Order (Class B.), 791 et seq. 
 access to sewers, 818. 
 adjoining owners, agreements with, 820. 
 alteration of levels of roads, 801. 
 
 of lines after construction, 804, 805. 
 application of materials excavated from roads, 800. 
 
 of moneys raised by company, 833. 
 
 of moneys borrowed by local authorities, 843. 
 
 of moneys received by local authorities, 844, 845. 
 approval by Board of Trade of mode of construction, &c. of rail- 
 way, 799. 
 arbitration, 847. 
 
 Board of Trade regulations, 825 827. 
 borrowing powers, 841 843. 
 breaking or falling wires, danger from, 815. 
 bridges and culverts, protection of owners of, 810, 811. 
 by-laws, power of local or road authority to make, 828. 
 
 general provisions as to, 829. 
 capital of company, 832, 833. 
 cheap fares for labouring classes, 831. 
 company, incorporation of, 793. 
 
 completion of works and reinstatement of road, 800. 
 construction of railway at side of road, 803. 
 
 in road, 802. 
 
 contracts witli road authorities for repairs, 806. 
 costs of order, 848. 
 
 county council, power of, to purchase undertaking, 838, 839. 
 crossings, &c., 794. 
 
 damages, company to be responsible for, 846. 
 deposits of money, &c., 841. 
 
 not to be paid out of capital, 833. 
 discontinuance of railway, 833, 834. 
 effect of sale of undertaking, 839. 
 
 electric power, special provisions as to use of, 827, 828. 
 expenditure by local authority on part of railways outside district, 
 
 844. 
 
 financial provisions, 841845, 850852. 
 gas and water companies, 815 817. 
 gauge of railway, 796. 
 general Acts, provisions as to, 846. 
 goods, rates for, 831. 
 incorporation of Acts, 792. 
 
 inquiries before referee appointed by Board of Trade, 847, 848. 
 insolvency of company, 835. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1636 INDEX. 
 
 LIGHT RAILWAYS continued. 
 
 Model Order (Class 13.) continued. 
 inspection by Hoard of Trade, 820. 
 interpretation, 791. 
 
 interest on calls not to be paid out of capital, 833. 
 lands, appropriation and acquisition of, 797, 798. 
 lease of railway by local authority, 840. 
 liability of company to maintain rails, &c., 806. 
 local authority, power of, to purchase railway, 835 840. 
 luggage, passengers', 830. 
 manholes, 819. 
 
 maximum rates and charges, 848 850. 
 mines, reservation of rights of owners, ice. of, 797. 
 mode of raising money where local authority promoters, 842. 
 mortgages by local authority, 842. 
 motive power, 825. 
 notices, form and delivery of, 846. 
 orders, &c. of Board of Trade, 846. 
 passengers, rates for, 830. 
 payment of rates and charges, 831. 
 penalties, 848. 
 
 penalty for using railway with flange- wheel carriages, 820. 
 period for completion of works, 798. 
 periodical revision of rates and charges, 831. 
 Postmaster-General, protection of, 830. 
 posts, standards and brackets, 806 810. 
 power to enter into agreements as to traffic, &c., 825. 
 
 to use railway, 820. 
 
 of local and road authorities to use railway, 822. 
 
 of sale of undertaking, 837, 839. 
 
 to generate electricity, 795. 
 
 to lay down conductors, &c., 796. 
 
 to break up roads, &c., 798, 799. 
 preamble, 791. 
 
 purchase and sale of railway, 835 840. 
 rails, provisions as to, 805. 
 
 railway and canal companies, protection of, 812 814. 
 railways authorised, 793. 
 rates and charges, 830832. 
 regulations as to rates, 850. 
 removal of railway, 833, 834. 
 
 of snow, &c., 821. 
 repair of roads, 801, 802. 
 repayment of moneys borrowed, 842. 
 reservation of power to widen roads, &c., 796. 
 of right of public to use roads, 796. 
 returns and accounts, 846. 
 
 rights of authorities and companies to open roads, 818, 819. 
 road widenings, Scc., 793 795. 
 running powers by agreement, 823. 
 saving for power to regulate traffic, 821 . 
 
 for existing charges in case of borrowing by local authority, 
 
 843. 
 
 Schedules, 848852. 
 service of passenger cars, 821. 
 sewers, &c., protection of, 817, 818. 
 short title, 791. 
 
 sinking fund, &c. where local authority promoters, 850 852. 
 subsidence of road, 819. 
 Sundays and holidays, fares on, 830. 
 temporary railways, 822. 
 
 Volume 1. ends urith page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1637 
 
 LIGHT RAILWAYS continued. 
 
 Model Order (Class B.) continued. 
 tolls, 830. 
 
 traffic on railway, 821. 
 tramway authorities, protection of, 814. 
 waiting rooms, 821. 
 working agreements, 823 825. 
 
 Order authorising abandonment of portion of railway, 857. 
 deviation, 854. 
 extensions, 853, 854. 
 extending time for completion, 855. 
 
 LLOYD'S, agreement for employment of underwriting agent at, 23 27. 
 
 LLOYD'S BOND, 
 form of, 334. 
 transfer of, 335. 
 
 LOAN, 
 
 agreement for, on mortgage, 57, 58. 
 
 to enable inventor to take out and work patent, 1002 
 
 1007. 
 
 for deposit of goods as security for, 59. 
 
 charged on patents, repavable out of share of profits, agreement for, 
 10111014. 
 
 LOST BOND, bond of indemnity to executors of obligor on payment, 713. 
 
 MACHINERY, hire-purchase agreement, 707710. 
 
 MANAGER, 
 
 of company, agreement for employment of, 9 12. 
 of large estates, appointment of, 96 102. 
 
 MANOR, 
 
 appointment of deputy steward, 93, 94. 
 
 of deputy steward for special purposes, 95. 
 
 of steward, 92. 
 licence by tenant for life of, to demise copyholds, 744. 
 
 MANUFACTURE of salt, agreement for, 39 42. 
 
 MARKET GARDEN, 
 
 clause in lease of, to avoid liability to compensate for fruit trees and 
 
 bushes, 76. 
 
 clause allowing removal of permanent crops, &o., 76. 
 notice of claim by tenant, 80. 
 
 MARRIED WOMAN, 
 
 absolute bill of sale by, her husband joining, 314. 
 deed of composition with creditors by, 212 215. 
 notice not to give credit to, 890. 
 
 MEDICINE, agreement for purchase of sole right of compounding and 
 vending, in consideration of share of profits, 38. 
 
 Volume 7. ends with page 858.
 
 1638 INDEX. 
 
 MEMORANDUM, 
 
 of deposit of documents to secure current account, 291. 
 
 of revocation of licence to be notified on register of patents, 1145. 
 
 MERCHANT, articles of apprenticeship to, with special provisions, 105 
 108. 
 
 MILK, contract for supply of, 35 37. 
 
 MORTGAGE, 
 
 acknowledgment by mortgagee of receipt of title deeds, 1. 
 agreement to give, to secure payment of instalments, 45. 
 
 for a loan on, 57, 58. 
 
 bond to indemnify mortgagees against claim of dower, 715 717. 
 capitalization of interest, proviso for, 873, 874. 
 chattels, of. See BILL OF SALE. 
 consolidation, proviso affirming right of, 869. 
 
 covenant for payment of principal and interest, 859, 864, 867, 1174, 1177. 
 of principal, interest and further advances, 1166, 
 
 1167. 
 
 by mortgagee of licence to perform covenants during posses- 
 sion, 1178. 
 by mortgagor of patent to keep books of account, &c., 1174. 
 
 as to extensions, 1171. 
 
 for quiet enjoyment by mortgagor of patent, 1176. 
 by sureties for payment of interest and premiums under mort- 
 gage of life policy, 861865. 
 that life policy valid, 864. 
 freeholds, of, to trustees of banking company to secure current account, 
 
 292295. 
 
 fund in Court, of, 870. 
 
 instalments, covenant to pay principal and interest by, 876. 
 legacy, of, 870. 
 licence, of, licensor being a party, 1177 1179. 
 
 not being a party, 1175 1177. 
 life policy effected in name of mortgagor, of, 859 861, 866 869. 
 
 in name of mortgagee, of, with sureties, 863 866. 
 moneys due and to become due under several contracts, of, 233 235. 
 notice by receiver for mortgagee to tenant, 885. 
 by second to first mortgagee, 886. 
 
 by mortgagor to mortgagee of intention to pay off debt, 886. 
 by mortgagee to mortgagor of intention to sell, 886. 
 
 requiring immediate payment, 887. 
 
 by purchaser of equity of redemption to mortgagee, 887. 
 of, by mortgagee to mortgagor's tenant, 884. 
 requiring repayment, proviso as to, 869. 
 patent, or, by one co-patentee to the other in pursuance of agreement 
 
 pending application for patent, 1171 1175. 
 with provisions for future advances and reduction of interest, 
 
 11661171. 
 
 poor rates, of, by burial board, 441. 
 power for mortgagor to use invention and grant licences till power of 
 
 sale exerciseable, 1169. 
 for mortgagee to effect policy in default of mortgagor, 865. 
 
 to institute and defend proceedings, 875. 
 of sale, proviso as to exercise of statutory, 878. 
 proviso for reduction of interest on punctual payment, 1167. 
 for calling in money if claim of dower made, 716. 
 that principal shall not be called in for specified time, 860, 868, 
 1168, 1174. 
 
 Volume 1. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1639 
 
 MORTGAGE continued. 
 
 proviso that sureties shall ho liable as principals, 865. 
 
 for redemption in mortgage or life policy, 868. 
 
 of patent, 1167, 1173. 
 that in case of anticipatory repayment, surplus interest shall 
 
 be deducted from principal, 868. 
 
 that costs as between solicitor and client shall bo charged, 869. 
 recital of, of life policy, 861, 862. 
 reversionary interest in fund in Court, of, 872 875. 
 
 undivided share in personal estate, of, 870. 
 share in partnership, of, 876 878. 
 
 NATIONAL INSURANCE, rules of an approved society, 1540 et aeq. See 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 NEW TRUSTEES, 
 
 power to appoint, in deed of arrangement, 173, 215. 
 
 in separation deed, 1342, 1348, 1351. 
 
 NEXT PRESENTATION, agreement for sale of, 4850. 
 
 NOMINATION, 
 
 to ohapel of ease, 613. 
 to perpetual curacy, 613. 
 
 NOTICE, 
 
 application to justices to appoint a surveyor under Lands Clauses Acts, 
 
 540. 
 
 appointment of arbitrator by claimant under Lands Clauses Acts, 546. 
 by promoters under Lands Clauses Acts, 547. 
 arbitrators to umpire of final disagreement, 134. 
 assignment of life policy, 229. 
 
 of reversionary interest in stock, 240. 
 of book debts, 241. 
 of personalty as security, 241. 
 award, to parties to arbitration of, 136. 
 bills having been fraudulently obtained, of, 890. 
 burial, of, 450, 451. 
 by landlord of claim for waste or breach of covenant, 80. 
 
 of counterclaim under Agricultural Holdings Act, 85. 
 
 to quit lodgings, 720. 
 
 to quit part of holding, 75. 
 
 to take part of land for building, &c. in pursuance of 
 
 covenant, 731. 
 to sheriff or bailiff of rent being due from execution debtor, 
 
 609, 734. 
 by partner of intention to dissolve partnership, 882, 883. 
 
 to retire, 882. 
 by partners, after dissolution, to debtor to pay debt to joint account, 
 
 883. 
 
 by railway company before lands temporarily occupied, 1189, 1191. 
 by receiver for mortgagee to tenant, 885. 
 by tenant to quit lodgings, 722. 
 
 to landlord, c. of action for recovery of the land, 732. 
 of intention to execute improvement, 68. 
 
 to remove fixture or building, 74. 
 
 accepting notice to quit part as notice for entire holding, 75. 
 of claim for various matters under Agricultural Holdings 
 Act, 81. 
 
 Volume 1. end* with page 858,
 
 1640 INDEX. 
 
 NOTICE continued. 
 
 oestui que trust to trustees, calling on them to sell stock and place out 
 
 moneys on mortgage, 878. 
 contents of sub-licence, of, 1147. 
 
 dissolution of partnership, of, for insertion in Gazette, 883. 
 distress for rent, of, 605. 
 from lessee to lessor of intention to call for renewal of lease, 732. 
 
 to purchase inheritance, 733. 
 of assignment of lease, 734. 
 from railway company that private road will be required for temporary 
 
 use, 1197. 
 
 grantor to grantee of annuity, of intention to repurchase, 879. 
 infant, to, to return goods, 889. 
 innkeeper, by, of sale of goods, 889. 
 interest, to pay, on simple contract debt, 888. 
 meeting to determine whether burial ground to be provided, of, 438. 
 
 to consider statutory composition or scheme, of, 225. 
 mortgagee to mortgagor's tenant, of mortgage, 884. 
 to mortgagor of intention to sell, 886. 
 
 requiring immediate payment, 887. 
 
 mortgagor to mortgagee, of intention to pay off debt, 886. 
 not to give credit to wife, 890. 
 not to trespass, 891. 
 nuisance, to abate, 888. 
 
 objecting to use, by railway company, of private road, 1198. 
 of desire to have compensation assessed by an arbitrator under sect. 23 
 
 of the Lands Clauses Act, 1845. ..544. 
 
 of failure to agree by arbitrators under Lands Clauses Acts, 552. 
 of desire for a jury where lands have been injuriously affected, 561. 
 of intention to summon a jury and of offer of compensation under 
 
 Lands Clauses Acts, 562, 1198. 
 of intention to apply to justices to appoint a third surveyor under 
 
 Lands Clauses Acts, 1206. 
 
 of desire for a special jury under Lands Clauses Acts, 564. 
 of objection or appeal in rating matters. See RATING. 
 ot time and place for nominating and striking special jury, 564. 
 
 of inquiry to be given by promoters under Lands 
 
 Clauses Acts, 565. 
 of intention to apply to Board of Trade to appoint surveyor under 
 
 sect. 36 of the Eailway Companies Act, 1867... 570. 
 of claim for compensation for improvements under Agricultural 
 
 Holdings Act, 79. 
 
 by market gardener under Agricultural Holdings Act, 80. 
 ot damage by game, 81. 
 of claim for compensation for damage by game, 82. 
 
 for unreasonable disturbance, 82. 
 
 of draft scheme for the acquisition of land for small holdings, 1355. 
 on making tender, 890. 
 purchaser to vendor, of appointment of referee to value fixtures, 880. 
 
 that money non-productive, 881. 
 of equity of redemption to mortgagee, 887. 
 receiver for mortgagee to tenant, 885. 
 requiring railway company not to use land for temporary purposes, 
 
 1192. 
 
 requiring arbitrator to act (Agricultural Holdings Act), 88. 
 requiring compensation to be determined by arbitration (Lands Clauses 
 
 Acts), 1188, 1189. 
 requiring railway company to purchase lands taken for temporary 
 
 purposes, 1195, 1196. 
 revocation of authority of agent, of, 890. 
 of licence, of, 1146, 1147. 
 
 Volume 1. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1C41 
 
 NOTICE continued. 
 
 revocation of submission, of, to arbitrator, 136. 
 
 second to first mortgagee, 886. 
 
 service of, clause as to, 1165. 
 
 statutory, to creditors, 879. 
 
 to arbitrators under Lands Clauses Acts requiring them to appoint an 
 
 umpire, 1187. 
 
 to make good breaches of covenant in licence, 1146. 
 to complete purchase, by vendor's solicitor to purchaser, 880. 
 to produce title deeds, 881. 
 
 to sheriff of goods seized being only let to defendant, 888. 
 to determine lease for twenty-one years at end of first seven or fourteen 
 
 years, 722. 
 to repair, 725, 726. 
 
 to tenant to deliver up possession pursuant to 1 & 2 Viet. c. 74... 725. 
 to promoters to apportion rent under sect. 119 of the Lands Clause- 
 
 Act, 1845... 573. 
 
 to yearly tenant under Lands Clauses Acts, 575. 
 
 to produce lease under sect. 122 of the Lands Clauses Act, 1845... 576. 
 under Conveyancing Acts before enforcing right of re-entry, 727 729. 
 under the Tithe Act. See TITHES. 
 
 NOTICE OF DISHONOUR, 305. 
 
 NOTICE TO ADMIT under Lands Clauses Acts, 578. 
 
 NOTICE TO PRODUCE, 
 by arbitrator, 137. 
 
 by solicitor of party to arbitration, 136. 
 under Lands Clauses Acts, 576, 577. 
 
 NOTICE TO QUIT, 
 
 by agent of landlord, 720. 
 
 of tenant, 721. 
 by landlord himself, 720. 
 by tenant himself, 721. 
 by tenant in common, 722. 
 lodgings, by landlord, 720. 
 
 by tenant, 722. 
 
 NOTICE TO TREAT, 
 for an easement, 535. 
 under Lands Clauses Acts, 532, 1185. 
 under Michael Angelo Taylor's Act, 536. 
 withdrawal of, after receiving counter-notice, 543. 
 
 NUISANCE, 
 
 award on indictment for, referred, 165167. 
 notice to abate, 888. 
 
 OATH to be administered by arbitrator, form of, 133. 
 
 OPTION, 
 
 to abandon purchase of patent, 1016, 1026, 1050. 
 to purchase patent, 1010, 1163. 
 
 railway and works in foreign country, 1252. 
 to make advances after trial of invention, 1003. 
 
 ORIGINATING SUMMONS under Lands Clauses Acts, title to, 579, 580. 
 Volume I. ends vrith page 858,
 
 1642 INDEX. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTS. See PRIVATE BILL LEGISLATION. 
 
 PARTICULARS, 
 
 of claim by landowner under Lands Clauses Acts, 534. 
 sales by auction. See AUCTIONS AND AUCTIONEERS. 
 
 PARTITION of patent, deed of, 1092. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP, 
 
 appointment of arbitrator in pursuance of clause in articles of, 131. 
 arbitration clause in deed of, 125. 
 
 arrangements with creditors. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS. 
 assignment of moiety of share of partner, with consent of co-partners, 
 
 232. 
 award of dissolution of, &c., 140, 147, 148, 159161. 
 
 on dispute between partners as to accounts, &c., 145 147, 158 
 
 161. 
 
 bond by retiring partner not to carry on business within certain dis- 
 tance for certain time, 331. 
 
 bond to secure instalments of purchase-money of share of outgoing 
 partner and to indemnify him against liabilities of the partnership, 
 332. |!i 
 
 deed of indemnity by continuing partner and surety to retiring partner 
 
 on dissolution, 718. 
 
 for working patent, deed of, 1053 1059. 
 mortgage of share in, 876 878. 
 notice of dissolution to be inserted in Gazette, 883. 
 of intention to dissolve, 882, 883. 
 
 to retire, 882. 
 
 to debtor, after dissolution, to pay debt to joint account of 
 partners, 883. 
 
 PATENT, 
 
 accounts to be kept, 1006, 1009, 1023, 1048, 1065, 1074, 1096, 1126, 
 
 1131, 1138, 1174. 
 
 acknowledgment and undertaking as to production, 1069. 
 advances to remain for term certain, 1005, 1168, 1174. 
 
 to be repayable only out of profits, 1012. 
 agreement appointing sole agent for sale in the metropolis, 18 23. 
 
 between joint applicants defining their interests on working 
 
 separately, 1030 1032. 
 
 by manufacturer to pay expenses of obtaining patent, manu- 
 facturer to work patent with option of purchase, 1008 
 1011. 
 for loan by instalments to enable inventor to take out and 
 
 work patent, 1002 1007. 
 for loan charged on patents, repayable out of share of 
 
 profits, 10111014. 
 for sale of moiety, purchase-money payable by instalments, 
 
 10141017. 
 
 for sale after acceptance of complete specification, 104. 
 for sale of foreign and colonial patents in course of being 
 
 obtained, 10251027. 
 
 for sale to trustee for proposed company, 1028 1030. 
 for sale on hire system, 1043 1047, 1048 1051. 
 for working and selling invention in respect of which patent 
 applied for, for joint benefit of inventor and another, 1032 
 1037. 
 
 for exclusive licence for United Kingdom by foreign patentee, 
 10411043. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1643 
 
 PATENT continued. 
 
 agreement forming syndicate to purchase contract for sale, and to sell 
 the contract or patent to a company or otherwise, 
 10511053. 
 
 to grant exclusive licence for district on condition of pur- 
 chase of raw material from foreign island, 1037 1041. 
 to assign patent on payment of royalties up to a fixed 
 
 minimum, 1049. 
 
 to obtain and assign patent in consideration of sum of money 
 and delivery of a certain number of patent articles, 1018 
 1021. 
 application of royalties, proceeds of sale, &c., agreement as to, between 
 
 inventor and capitalist, 1034. 
 arbitration clause in agreement for licence, 1040. 
 
 in assignment of share of patent, 1081. 
 in licence, 1108. 
 assignment of patent with benefit of improvements, &c. (ordinary form), 
 
 10591062. 
 
 for a district, 1067 1069. 
 
 in consideration of crross sum and further per- 
 centages, 1062 1066. 
 to trustees for co-owners in equal shares, 1075 
 
 1081. 
 
 by one co-grantee to the other, 1086 1088. 
 to the inventor, a foreigner abroad, by his agent 
 
 the patentee, 1088. 
 of moiety of patent, with conditions of separate working, 
 
 10691071. 
 
 of share of patent, with special provisions as to each co- 
 owner working separately, 1071 1075. 
 of share, assignor alone to work the patent, 1081 1086. 
 of licence, licensor beinsr a party, 1090 1092. 
 not beinsr * party, 1089. 
 
 average clause in licence, 1100, 1104, 1131, 1136, 1151. 
 charge on patent for advances. 1007, 1013, 1034. 
 complete specification, 1180, 1183. 
 covenant by soignee to pay royalties, &c., and indemnify assignor, 1090, 
 
 1091. 
 
 by assignor as to extensions, 1067, 1080. 
 
 by licensee not to assign, mortgage, &c. without consent, 1159. 
 not to manufacture, 1164. 
 
 to stami> articles sent bv other licensees, 1157, 1158. 
 to snnply foreign customers of licensor on notice, 
 
 1137. 
 
 to Wo books of account. 109R, 1131, 1141. 
 by licensor to defend and take T>ro-'>eed!n<r. 1101, llfil. 
 
 to sunplv raw materials at fire'l prices, 1105. 
 to supplv patent arti o1 e^ at fix*d prices, 1110. 
 to manufacture for licensee, 1 164. 
 not to grant other licences for the United Kingdom, 
 
 1110. 
 on more favourable 
 
 terms, 1160. 
 
 not to manufacture or deal in patent articles, 1127. 
 not to engage in similar business, 1164. 
 as to non-user in district, 1115, 1158. 
 
 by morteraeree to perform covenants in licence during posses- 
 sion, 1178. 
 by mortgagor to keep books of account, &c., 1174. 
 
 as to extensions, 1171. 
 by purchaser to pay percentages on net profits, 1063, 1064. 
 
 Volume I. gnd with page 858. 
 
 p. VOL. jj, 50
 
 1644 INDEX. 
 
 PATENT continued. 
 
 covenant by sub-licensee not to assign, &c. without consent, 1142. 
 
 to give notice of infringements and assist in 
 
 proceedings, 1143. 
 
 to pay for plates bearing patent mark, 1142. 
 to perform certain covenants in superior licence, 
 
 1142. 
 
 for further assurance, 1020, 1062. 
 for payjnent of purchase-money by instalments, 1118. 
 for quiet enjoyment by mortgagor, 1176. 
 for validity of licence, 1090, 1176, 1178. 
 
 of patent, 1061, 1067, 1076, 1087, 1097, 1145, 1168. 
 mutual, as to improvements, &c., 1162. 
 
 as to payment of fees, 1070. 
 
 not to use invention without purchaser's licence, 1019. 
 not to disclose invention, 1019. 
 not to dispute validity of patent, 1098, 1160. 
 not to amend specification, 1101, 1158. 
 not to sell below certain prices, 1126. 
 that inventor has not disclosed invention, and is not prevented 
 
 from obtaining patent, 1019. 
 
 to apply for and assign patent for improvements, 1061, 1063. 
 to assign patent, 1018, 1046, 1049. 
 to commence manufacture and purchase plant, &c. necessary, 
 
 1136. 
 to communicate improvements, &c., 1061, 1063, 1067, 1070, 
 
 1087, 1099, 1120, 1163, 1170. 
 to detect infringements and assist in proceedings, 1098, 1161, 
 
 1168. 
 to execute assignment for district after payment of instalments 
 
 of purchase-money, 1119. 
 to instruct purchaser in invention, 1019. 
 
 to indemnify inventor from costs of obtaining pate'nfc, 1020. 
 to manufacture only according to specification, 1098, 1107, 
 
 1158. 
 to pay principal and interest, 1174, 1177. 
 
 principal, interest and further advances, 1166, 1167. 
 principal and interest at fixed rate, and also according 
 
 to profits, 1173. 
 
 renewal fees, 1068, 1101. 1119. 1161, 1168. 
 royalties, 1096, 1100, 1104, 1114, 1125, 1130, 1136, 1141, 
 
 11481155. 
 
 rents and royalties, 1130, 1150. 
 to solicit grant of patent, 1018. 
 to use patent mark on articles, 1097, 1106, 1111, 1138, 1156 
 
 1158. 
 
 to verify statements of account, 1097. 
 declaration of trust of patent, 1007, 1013. 
 deed of commutation of royalties, 1144. 
 of partition, 1092. 
 
 of partnership for working patent, 1053 1059. 
 delivery of articles to sub-licensees to be deemed a sale, 1115, 1155. 
 determination of agreement in certain events, 1024, 1025, 1040, 1043, 
 
 1047, 1050. 
 exclusive licence during currency of hire-purchase agreement, 1044, 
 
 1048, 1116. 
 to be non-exclusive in case of non-user or unprofitable 
 
 working, 1164. 
 
 foreign and colonial patents, agreement to apply for, 1033, 1054. 
 half-yearly settlement of accounts between co-owners, 1074, 1079, 1084. 
 hire-purchase agreement. 10431047, 10481051, 11161121. 
 
 Volume I. endt with page 858,
 
 INDEX. 1645 
 
 PATENT continued. 
 
 improvements, &c. by any co-owner to be brought in, 1073, 1080. 
 
 covenant to communicate, &c. in assignment, 1061, 
 
 1063, 1067, 1070. 
 
 licensee to have the benefit of, 1120, 1132. 
 to bo for benefit of both parties to licence, 1127, 1162. 
 to be included in agreement, 1010, 1016, 1017, 1023, 
 
 1033, 1045. 
 
 inspection of books of account, 1006, 1010, 1049, 1074, 1096. 
 of factories by co-owners, 1075, 1085. 
 by licensor, 1098, 1160. 
 by licensor and licensee, 1139. 
 instalments, advances by, 1012. 
 
 purchase-money to be paid by, 1021, 1026, 1044. 
 inventor alone to work, 1036. 
 joint grant to be obtained and mortgage to be executed, 1004, 1008. 
 
 E int patentees, agreement for separate working by, 1031. 
 eonee, commutation of royalties reserved in, 1144. 
 
 during currency of hire-purchase agreement, 1044, 1048. 
 exclusive, at rent and royalties, 1099 1103. 
 
 for a district at a sum payable by instalments, 1116 
 
 1121. 
 in consideration of life annuity secured 
 
 by bond, 11211123. 
 
 to a company, premium in cash and 
 
 shares, royalties and rents, 1129 1135. 
 
 for England, Wales and Isle of Man; royalties and 
 
 rents; sub-licences; reservation to licensor ns to 
 
 existing orders and foreign customers, 1135 1140. 
 
 for the United Kingdom subject to prior licences; 
 
 minimum selling prices, sub-licences, &c., 1123 
 
 1129. 
 
 to manufacture chemicals, licensor to supply raw 
 
 materials, 1103 1108. 
 to sell patent articles to be supplied by licensor, 1109 
 
 1112. 
 
 non-exclusive, at royalties only, where full contract, 1097 1099. 
 
 where open contract, 1095 1097. 
 to use new invention in consideration of gross 
 
 sum, 1093, 1094. 
 
 notice of revocation of, 1146, 1147. 
 notice to make good breaches of covenant in, 1146. 
 revocation of, memorandum to be entered on register, 1145. 
 special clauses for insertion in, 114S 1165. 
 to firm to manufacture and sell within a district, at rents and 
 
 royalties, 11131116. 
 licences not to be granted withont consent, 1035. 
 
 to be granted bv trustees to co-owners, 1077. 
 memorandum to be notified on register as to revocation of a licence, 
 
 1145. 
 
 minimum prices, licensee not to sell below, 1125, 1126. 
 mortgage of licence, licensor beinar a party, 1177 1179. 
 
 not being a party, 1175 1177. 
 
 of patent by one co-patentee to another in pursuance of 
 agreement pending application for patent, 1171 
 1175. 
 with provisions for future advances and reduction 
 
 of interest, 11661171. 
 
 neither vendor nor purchaser to assign without consent of the other, 
 1066. 
 
 Volume I. end* >n'tf> page 858. 
 
 50 (2)
 
 1646 INDEX. 
 
 PATENT continued. 
 
 notice of contents of sub-licence, 1147. 
 
 of revocation of licence, 1146, 1147. 
 to make good a breach of covenant in a licence, 1146. 
 option to make advances after trial, 1003. 
 to purchase, 1010, 1163. 
 to abandon purchase, 1016, 1026, 1050. 
 partition of patent, deed of, 1093. 
 
 partnership for working patent, articles of, 1053 1059. 
 patent mark to be used on all articles, 1073, 1156 1158. 
 person making advances to be co-applicant for patent, 1004. 
 power for mortgagor to use invention and grant licences until power 
 
 of sale exerciseable, 1169. 
 
 for either party to determine licence on notice, 1161. 
 for licensee to grant sub-licences, 1100, 1159. 
 
 to determine licence on breach by licensors, 1121, 
 
 1133. 
 for licensor to revoke licence on notice, 1098. 
 
 on default of payment or breaches, 
 &c., 1102, 1112, 1120, 1123,1128, 
 1143, 1161, 1162. 
 if royalties in arrear or licensee 
 
 company wound up, 1133. 
 
 to assignor to grant licences at royalties, 1082. 
 to trustees to grant licences, 1078. 
 
 proceedings for protection of patent, inventor to take, 1036. 
 profits, mode of calculation of, 1012, 1064. 
 provisional specification, 1179, 1182. 
 proviso for cesser of licence on licensee's death, &c., 1094. 
 
 for determination of licence if patent void, 1102, 1107, 1122, 
 
 1154, 1162. 
 
 for determining arrangement between joint patentees, 1037. 
 for moneys to remain on mortgage for time certain, 1168, 1174. 
 for redemption, 1167, 1173. 
 
 for reduction of interest on punctual payment, 1167. 
 purchaser to be co-applioant for patent, 1021. 
 recital of acceptance of complete specification, 1003, 1021, 1030, 1041, 
 
 1053. 
 
 agreement for advance?? repayable out of net profits, 1011. 
 for sale, 1015, IfliS, 1028, 1062, 1067. 
 for partnership for working patent, 1054. 
 for sale of share of patent, 1069, 1071, 1076. 
 for purchase of patent before grant, 1086. 
 for licence, 1094, 1103, 1113, 1117, 1129. 
 for mortgage, 1172. 
 for sub -licence, 1140. 
 
 to supply firm with patent articles, 1124. 
 application for patent, 1003, 1030, 1032, 1071. 
 bond to secure annuity in consideration of licence, 1121. 
 business of firm to work patents, 1011. 
 concession to search for, &c. raw material, 1038. 
 devolution of title. 1060. 
 
 foreign concession to obtain raw material, 1103. 
 errant of licence, 1089, 1124, 1144, 1175. 
 of patent, 1038, 1059, 1093, 1095. 
 
 mspection and acceptance of accounts as correct, 1011. 
 invention, 1008, 1018. 
 
 obtaining of patent in joint names, 1086, 1109. 
 partnership between licensors making patent an asset of the 
 
 firm, 1116. 
 payment of deposit on agreement for sale, 1026. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858,
 
 INDEX. 1647 
 
 PATENT continued. 
 
 recital of provisional protection, 1003, 1015, 1171. 
 request for loan, 1003, 1166. 
 title to French patent, 1041, 1109. 
 to licence, 1140. 
 to patent, 1011, 1028, 1051. 
 remuneration of trustees for co-owners, 1080. 
 renewal fees, assignor to pay, 1068. 
 
 co-owners to pay according to shares, 1072, 1084. 
 reservation to licensor for execution of existing orders, &c., 1135. 
 
 of right to supply other licensees, 1124. 
 reserve fund for contingencies, 1035. 
 
 return of deposit, <S;c. to vendor if patent not obtained, &c., 1022, 1027. 
 royalties, covenant to pay (fixed sums), 1148, 1149. 
 
 on sale moneys after satisfaction of cost price 
 
 and manufacturer's profit, 1149. 
 so much per article and further sums up to 
 
 percentage of selling price, 1125. 
 fixed sums according to quantity and form 
 of products, but reducible after fixed date, 
 1130. 
 
 in descending scale after certain date, 1153. 
 on carloads, 1151. 
 on railway foot-warmers, 1152. 
 payment of, to cease if patent void, 1154. 
 per shuttle, according to width of fabric and period of use, 
 
 1151. 
 proviso for commutation of, 1156. 
 
 on manufactures and sales in lieu of higher royal- 
 ties on sales, 1149. 
 
 reduced, on articles on hand at end of licence, 1128, 1150. 
 remission of, in case of bad debts, 1154. 
 rent and, covenant to pay, 1150. 
 
 suspension of, while licensor omits to take proceedings for in- 
 fringements, 1152. 
 
 to be paid on articles manufactured by each co-owner, 1072. 
 to assignee on articles sold by assignor, 1083. 
 to trustees pending proceedings for revocation of 
 
 patent, 1155. 
 to be reduced to lowest for time being in other licences, 1152, 
 
 1160. 
 
 variation of, as sales continue, 1153. 
 service of notices, 1165. 
 specification, 1179 1184. 
 
 stamping patent articles with a die, 1157, 1158. 
 sub-licence (exclusive) for a district at royalties, 1140 1144. 
 suspension of rent while licensor fails to supply materials, 1155. 
 of royalties if patent declared void, 1049, 1050, 1154. 
 tenants in common, patent to be held by grantees as, 1009. 
 transmission clause, 1017, 1047, 1165, 1171. 
 trial of invention to be made, 1003, 1008. 
 trust for sale on request of majority of co-owners, 1077. 
 trustees, assignment of patent to, 1076. 
 vendor not to trade in similar articles, 1024, 1029. 
 
 PATENT MEDICINE, agreement for exclusive privilege of selling for a 
 term of years, 13 18. 
 
 PERMANENT BUILDING SOCIETY, rules for, 364 et seq. See Boir-DiNO 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1648 INDEX. 
 
 PERPETUAL CURACY, nomination to, 613. 
 PETITION under Lands Clauses Acts, title to, 579, 580. 
 PIANOFORTE, hire-purchase agreement, 706. 
 POLICY. See FIBE INSURANCE; LIFE ASSURANCE. 
 POLITICAL CLUB, rules of a, 472480. 
 POOR RATES, mortgage of, by burial board, 441. 
 POST OBIT BOND, 320. 
 
 POWER OF ATTORNEY, 
 
 in memorandum of deposit to secure current account at bank, 292. 
 
 in mortgage of share in partnership, 877. 
 
 to factor to receive debts, 8. 
 
 to inspectors in deed of inspectorship, 193, 201. 
 
 to steward to appoint deputy stewards, bailiffs, &c., 99. 
 
 to trustees in deed of arrangement, 172, 181. 
 
 PRESENTATION to benefice, 614. 
 
 PRIVATE ARRANGEMENT. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITORS. 
 
 PRIVATE BILL LEGISLATION, 
 
 Crown rights, clauses for protection of, 978. 
 miscellaneous clauses, 981 1002. 
 
 accommodation of workmen, 992 994. 
 
 appeal to quarter sessions, 999. 
 
 arbitration, 1000. 
 
 audit of accounts, 997 999. 
 
 authentication and service of notices, 999. 
 
 company meetings, 985. 
 
 confirmation of agreement, 982. 
 of by-laws, 999. 
 
 conveyance of mails by motor omnibuses, 991. 
 
 copy of Act to be registered, 1001. 
 
 costs of arbitration under Lands Clauses Acts, 1000. 
 
 directors of companies, 983. 
 
 electrical fittings, 989. 
 
 generating stations, 992. 
 
 judges not disqualified, 1001. 
 
 managing director, 984. 
 
 motor omnibuses, 990 992. 
 
 power to re- borrow, 995. 
 
 priority of mortgages, 983. 
 
 qualification of directors, 983. 
 
 recital of estimates, 981. 
 
 under Borough Funds Acts, 981. 
 
 recovery of demands, 1000. 
 of penalties, 1000. 
 
 removal of human remains, 986. 
 
 return to Local Government Board as to repayment of debt, 996. 
 
 sale of plant outside district, 987. 
 
 statutory borrowing power and statutory security, 994. 
 
 transfer to local authority, saving on, 988. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1649 
 
 PRIVATE BILL LEGISLATION eontinu,-,!. 
 model gin Bill, 954 et <>/. 8ts >;.vs BILL. 
 
 railway Mill, 891 rt eq. Si-i- KMI. \v.\i. 
 tramway Hill, !)27 <! nut/, .s'/v Ti: \.M \v.ns. 
 
 w.ltd- BUI, Uli.S r/ IM. 0M \V.\Ti:U BlI.L. 
 
 navigation, clauses for protection of, 979 981. 
 
 protective clauses for Government departments, 978 981. 
 
 special railway clauses, 914927. See RAILWAY. 
 
 Tramways Orders Confirmation Bill, 1568 et teg. See TRAMWAYS. 
 
 PRODUCTION, 
 
 of documents, clause as to, in submission to arbitration, 120. 
 of patent, undertaking for, 1069. 
 
 PROTEST, 
 
 f exchange 
 
 where notary not available, 305. 
 
 of bill of exchange by notary, 304. 
 h 
 
 PROVISO FOR REDEMPTION, 
 in mortgage of life policy, 868. 
 
 of patent, 1167, 1173. 
 
 PUBLIC-HOUSE, valuation of, 597599. 
 
 PUBLIC NUISANCE, award on reference of indictment for, 165167. 
 
 PUBLISHER. See AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. 
 
 PUPIL. See APPRENTICESHIP. 
 
 articles to qualify, as governess, 116. 
 
 to architect and surveyor, articles of, 108 111. 
 
 to firm of engineers, articles of, 111 113. 
 
 PURCHASE. See HiRK-PuucUAsi-:. 
 advowson, of, 46, 47. 
 
 book on commission, of, agreement for, 274, 275. 
 farming stock, of, agreement for, 34. 
 
 foreign and colonial patents in course of being obtained, of, 1025 1027. 
 growing timber, of, agreement for, 32 34. 
 invention, of, after acceptance of complete specification, agreement for, 
 
 1021. 
 leasehold shop, fixtures, stock-in-trade and goodwill, of, payment by 
 
 instalments secured by mortgage, 42 45. 
 moiety of patent, purchase-money payable bv instalments, agreement 
 
 for, 10141017. 
 next presentation, of, 48 50. 
 
 patent, of, by trustee for proposed company. 1028 1030. 
 reversionary interest in stock, of, 51, 52. 
 small holding, agreement for, 1363, 1364. 
 sole right of compounding and vending a medicine, 38. 
 standing corn, of, agreement for, 34. 
 submission to arbitration of dispute arising under, 127. 
 
 QUARRY, agreement for working, 60. 
 
 QUARTER SESSIONS, appeals to, in rating matters. See RATI.M;. 
 
 Volume I. endt with page 858.
 
 1650 INDEX. 
 
 QUIET ENJOYMENT, 
 bond for, 327. 
 
 bond for, where title commenced at too late a period, 329. 
 covenant for, by mortgagor of patent, 1176. 
 
 RAILWAY. See LIGHT RAILWAYS. 
 
 agreement between foreign Government and English company for con- 
 struction and wording of railway, 1240 1256. 
 annuity compensation, 1254. 
 application of prontd, I24d 1250. 
 capital, 1242. 
 capital account, 1246. 
 control of Government, 1244 1246. 
 conveyance of mails and troops, 1250. 
 deposit, 1240, 1242. 
 
 deposit of revenue and drafts thereon, 1247. 
 director to represent Government, 1245. 
 drafts on capital, 1243. 
 extension of railway, 1256. 
 fares and tolls, 1244. 
 guarantee of interest, 1247, 1248. 
 lands, 1241. 
 
 legislation to enable company to carry out undertaking, 1255. 
 limitation of extent of railway, 1248. 
 notice of experimental line, 1241. 
 notices, &c., 1255. 
 
 office and agent of company in the foreign country, 1255. 
 opening railway, 1242. 
 plant, 1243. 
 power of Government to take possession on default by company, 
 
 1253, 1254. 
 repairs, 1247, 1253. 
 revenue account, 1247. 
 rights of purchase by Government, 1252. 
 
 sanction of expenditure, 1246. 
 selection of experimental line, 1241. 
 supervision of Government, 1244 1246. 
 surplus, return of, 1255. 
 
 surrender of railway and works to Government, 1251. 
 title to land, 1244. 
 
 ultimate rights of property, 1250. 
 agreement for construction of station and line, 1214 1227. 
 
 arbitration clause, 1227. 
 
 arrangements with owners of property, &c., 1216. 
 
 bond to be executed by contractors, 1226. 
 
 buildings, &c. removed for purposes of works, 1217. 
 
 conduct of works, 1221. 
 
 contract not to be assigned without consent, 1221. 
 
 damage caused by works, 1217, 1218. 
 
 default of contractors, 1222. 
 
 delivery of rails, &c. to contractors, 1223. 
 
 deviation from plans and specifications, 1220. 
 
 discrepancies in drawings, 1220. 
 
 disputes as to measurements, 1224. 
 
 drawings to show dimensions of works, 1220. 
 
 guarantee fund, 1225. 
 
 lands required for execution of works, 1216. 
 
 maintenance of temporary fences, &c., 1219. 
 
 measurement of works while in progress, 1224. 
 
 necessary notices to be given by company, 1225. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1661 
 
 RAILWAY continued. 
 
 agreement for construction of station and line continued. 
 
 part of consideration payable in stock, 1226. 
 
 payment of workmen, 1223. 
 
 payments to contractors as works advance, 1224. 
 
 penalty for delay in completion, 1223. 
 
 permanent way, 1223. 
 
 plant, materials, &o., 1216, 1221. 
 
 police, 1219. 
 
 prices, schedule of, 1218. 
 
 sand, &,o. not to be removed, 1217. 
 
 statutory powers, contractors may avail themselves of, 1216. 
 
 statutory provisions to be observed in execution of works, 1217. 
 
 time for completion, 1223. 
 
 workmen's cottages, 1220. 
 
 agreement to execute accommodation works, 1212 1214. 
 appointment of surveyors to determine purchase-money from parties 
 
 under disability, 1204. 
 award under Lands Clauses Acts by umpire appointed by Board of 
 
 Trade, 1208. 
 model Bill, 891 et seq. 
 
 abandonment of railway, 926, 927. 
 
 application of deposit, 906. 
 
 of moneys raised, 895. 
 of penalty, 908. 
 
 borrowing powers, 894, 919. 
 
 calls on shares, 893. 
 
 capital, 893. 
 
 certificates of half shares, 915. 
 
 compensation in respect of portions of railway abandoned, 927. 
 
 completion, time for, 905. 
 
 compulsory purchase, &c. of lands, 897 900. 
 
 confirmation of agreement, 982. 
 
 costs, 914. 
 
 Crown rights, 978. 
 
 debenture stock, 895, 918. 
 
 deposit, 905 907. 
 
 deposit of plans with clerks of district councils, 892. 
 
 deposits for future Bills not to be paid out of capital, 913. 
 
 directors, 896, 983985. 
 
 diversion of roads, 901, 902. 
 
 dividends on half shares, 914, 915. 
 
 electrical power, use of, 921 926. 
 
 extraordinary purposes, lands for, 896. 
 
 first ordinary meeting, 895. 
 
 forfeiture of preferred half shares, 915. 
 
 gas and water mains, protection of, 903. 
 
 generating station, lands for, 921. 
 
 Government departments, clauses protecting, 978 981. 
 
 height and span of bridges, 900. 
 
 inclination of roads, 900. 
 
 incorporation of Acts, 892. 
 
 of company, 893. 
 
 interest, payment of, out of capital, 912, 913. 
 
 interpretation, 892. . 
 
 lands, 896900. 
 
 level crossings, 900. 
 
 luggage, passengers', 910. 
 
 managing director, 984, 985. 
 
 meetings of company, 985. 
 
 merchandise, rates for, 909. 
 
 Volume 7. end* with page 858.
 
 1652 INDEX. 
 
 RAILWAY continued. 
 model Bill continued. 
 
 miscellaneous clauses, 981 1002. tiee PIUVATK BILL LEGISLATION. 
 
 motor omnibuses, 991. 
 
 new shares or stock, issue of, 919. 
 
 observatories, protection of, 923. 
 
 parts of lands and buildings, power to purchase, 897 900. 
 
 passengers, maximum fares for, 910. 
 
 patent rights, power to hold, 922. 
 
 penalty if line not opened in time limited, 907, 908. 
 
 period for compulsory purchase, 897. 
 
 Postmaster-General, protection of, 925, 926. 
 
 power to make railway, 893. 
 
 to another company to subscribe and raise money for the 
 
 purpose, 916918. 
 to raise additional capital, 918 920. 
 preamble, 891. 
 
 preferred and deferred half shares, 914 916. 
 priority of existing mortgages, 918. 
 
 private rights of way over lands taken compulsorily, 903. 
 qualification of directors, 896, 983, 984. 
 rates, fares and charges, 909, 910. 
 receiver, appointment of, 894. 
 removal of human remains, 986, 987. 
 repayment of deposit, 905. 
 roads and bridges, 900 903. 
 running powers, 911. 
 saving for general Acts, 914. 
 shares, 893, 894. 
 short distance charges, 912. 
 short title, 892. 
 
 small parcels, charges for, 909. 
 special clauses, 914 927. 
 
 constables, 920, 921. 
 trains, 910. 
 
 stopping up roads, 902, 903. 
 tidal lands, 979 981. 
 tolls, 909. 
 
 underpinning, 903 905. 
 width of roadways over bridges, 901. 
 working agreements, 910. 
 works below high-water mark, 979, 980. 
 nomination of surveyor by justices to determine compensation where 
 
 surveyors appointed by parties cannot agree, 1206. 
 notice to treat for purchase of lands, 1185. 
 
 to arbitrators requiring them to appoint an umpire, 1187. 
 from owner requiring arbitration, 1188. 
 from tenant in tail, &c. requiring arbitration, 1189. 
 of intention to occupy lands for temporary purposes, 1189, 1191. 
 requiring company not to use land for temporary purposes, 1192. 
 to purchase lands taken for temporary pur- 
 poses, 1195, 1196. 
 
 that private road will be required for temporary use, 1197. 
 requiring company not to use private road, 1198. 
 of intention of company to issue warrant to sheriff, 1198. 
 
 to apply to justices to appoint a third surveyor, 1206. 
 order of justices that lands shall not be taken for temporary purposes, 
 
 1193, 1194. 
 valuation by surveyors of lands taken or purchased from parties under 
 
 disability, 1207. 
 warrant from company to sheriff requiring him to summon a jury, 1200. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1653 
 
 RAILWAY continued. 
 
 working agreement, 1227 1240. 
 accounts, 1237, 1238. 
 additional powers of raising capital to be applied for, if necessary, 
 
 1230. 
 
 sidings to be provided, if required, 1230. 
 arbitration clause, 1239. 
 capital expenditure, 1234. 
 completion of railway, 1229. 
 conveyance of troops, mails, &c., 1232. 
 engines and rolling stock, 1233. 
 facilities to be afforded, 1232. 
 gross receipts, application of, 1235 1237. 
 interest on debenture debt, 1234. 
 interpretation of terms, 1228. 
 
 joint committee of directors, appointment of, 1229. 
 limitation of liability, 1231. 
 
 maintenance and development of traffic, 1231, 1232. 
 percentage of respective companies, 1235 1237. 
 permanent way to be maintained by contractor for twelve months, 
 
 1230. 
 
 proposed amalgamation, provision as to, 1239. 
 quiet enjoyment, covenant for, 1231. 
 rates and charges to be fixed by joint committee, 1235. 
 rebate, 1236, 1237. 
 repairs, responsibility for, 1231. 
 statutory provisions to be observed, 1233. 
 taxes, rates, &c., 1234. 
 through traffic, 1232, 1235, 1238. 
 time for payment of salaries and dividends, 1237. 
 
 RATING, 
 
 inside the Metropolis: 
 
 notice of appeal to quarter sessions: 
 
 against valuation or supplemental valuation list, from special 
 
 sessions, 1301 1304. 
 
 against valuation list, from Assessment Committee, 1304, 1305. 
 against supplemental valuation list, from Assessment Com- 
 mittee, 1305. 
 
 against a rate, 1306 1310. 
 against totals, 1311, 1312. 
 
 against decision of justices as to omissions, &c. from rate, 1315. 
 notice of appeal to special sessions: 
 
 against valuation list by overseers or borough council, 1297, 
 
 1298. 
 
 by surveyor of taxes, 1299. 
 by ratepayer, 1300. 
 against supplemental valuation list by overseers or borough 
 
 council, 1299. 
 by surveyor of taxes, 
 
 1300. 
 
 by ratepayer, 1301. 
 notice of application to amend clerical error in rate, 1313. 
 
 as to omissions from or misdescriptions of 
 
 persons in rate, 1314. 
 notice of objection before Assessment Committee: 
 
 to valuation list by overseers or borough council, 1281 1283. 
 by person aggrieved, or ratepayer, 1284 1291. 
 by surveyor of taxes, 1295, 1296. 
 
 Volwn* 1. onds with page 858.
 
 1654 INDEX. 
 
 HATING continued. 
 
 inside the Metropolis continued. 
 
 notice of objertiou before Asse.ssment Committee continued. 
 
 to supplemental valuation list by overseers or borough council, 
 
 1283. 
 
 by person aggrieved, or rate- 
 payer, 12911293. 
 by surveyor of taxes, 1296. 
 to provisional valuation list by overseers or borough council, 
 
 1284. 
 
 by occupier, 12931295. 
 by surveyor of taxes, 1297. 
 rate for a parish where there is agricultural land, form of, 1328. 
 
 where there is no agricultural land, form of, 1327. 
 special sessions, appeals to, 1298. 
 time for notice of appeal: 
 
 to quarter sessions against valuation list, from Assessment Com- 
 mittee, 1304. 
 from special sessions, 
 
 1301, 1303. 
 against a rate, 1306. 
 against totals, 1311. 
 
 to special sessions against valuation list, 1298. 
 time for notice of application as to omissions from or misdescrip- 
 
 tions in rate, 1314. 
 to amend clerical error in rate, 1313. 
 time for notice of objection to valuation or provisional valuation 
 
 list, 1281, 1284, 1285. 
 valuation list in a parish where there is agricultural land, 1324. 
 
 where there is no agricultural land, 1323. 
 
 who may appeal against valuation or supplemental valuation list 
 to quarter sessions, 1301, 1303, 1304. 
 to special sessions, 1297, 1299, 1300. 
 who may appeal against a rate to quarter sessions, 1306. 
 
 against totals to quarter sessions, 1311, 1312. 
 who may object to valuation or provisional valuation list, 1284. 
 
 inside and outside the Metropolis: 
 
 notice of appeal against grant of certificate of exemption undr 
 
 the Scientific Societies Act, 1316 1320. 
 time for, and persons who may appeal against grant of such a 
 
 certificate of exemption, 1316. 
 
 outside the Metropolis: 
 
 appeal against rate, to what quarter sessions, 1267. 
 
 against valuation list, to what quarter sessions, 1280. 
 length of notice of appeal against rate to quarter sessions direct, 
 
 1274. 
 
 to special sessions, 1265. 
 from special to quarter 
 
 sessions, 1267. 
 
 of objection to valuation or supplemental valua- 
 tion list, 1265. 
 notice of appeal against rate to special sessions, 1265. 
 
 from special to quarter sessions, 1266 
 
 1269. 
 
 to quarter sessions direct, 1273 1279. 
 against valuation list on ground of under- valua- 
 tion of another parish, 1280. 
 
 against valuation list on ground of over-valuation 
 of own parish, 1281. 
 
 Volume I. ends with 'page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1655 
 
 RATING continued. 
 
 outside the Metropolis continued. 
 
 notice of objection to valuation or supplemental valuation list: 
 
 as a preliminary to appeal against a rate to quarter sessions, 
 
 12701273. 
 to special sessions, 
 
 1264. 
 
 by overseers, parish council, &c., 1256 1258. 
 not intended to be followed by an appeal, 1258 1263. 
 rato in a parish where there is agricultural land, form of, 1326. 
 
 no agricultural land, form of, 1325. 
 respite of appeal to quarter sessions, 1274. 
 signature of notice of objection to valuation list, 1257. 
 time for notice of appeal against valuation list to quarter sessions, 
 
 1280. 
 against rate to special sessions, 1265. 
 
 from special to quarter ses- 
 sions, 1266. 
 to quarter sessions direct, 
 
 1273. 
 of objection to valuation or supplemental valuation 
 
 list, 1258, 1264. 
 valuation list in a parish where there is agricultural land, 1322. 
 
 no agricultural land, 1321. 
 who may appeal against valuation list, 1280. 
 
 rate, 1266, 1273. 
 
 who may object to valuation or supplemental valuation list, 1256. 
 1258. 
 
 RECEIVER, 
 
 appointment of, in memorandum of deposit to secure current account, 
 
 292. 
 
 attornment by tenant to, 730. 
 notice by, to tenant of mortgagor, 885. 
 
 notice to occupier of lands of appointment of, under the Tithe Act, 1395. 
 report of, that lands subject to tithe are occupied by the owner, 13%. 
 
 RECITAL, 
 
 acceptance of complete specification for patent, 1003, 1021, 1030, 1041, 
 
 1053. 
 
 action for non-delivery of a ship, and order for reference, 151, 152. 
 agreement for construction of railway station and line, 1215. 
 
 for allowance of annuity by husband to wife, 1343. 
 
 that umpire should act as sole arbitrator, 145. 
 
 that interest and premiums on mortgaged life policy should 
 be guaranteed by sureties, 862. 
 
 of reference, by partners, of disputes as to accounts. &c., 145. 
 
 for purchase of patent before grant, 1086. 
 
 for licence, 1096, 1103, 1113, 1117, 1129. 
 
 to build ship, 151. 
 
 for dismissal of petition for divorce, and terms of separation, 
 1349. 
 
 to supply firm with patent articles, 1124. 
 
 for sale of lands to railway company, 1212. 
 
 for conduct of reference under order of Court, 152. 
 
 for advances repayable out of net profits of patent, 1011. 
 
 for partnership for working patent, 1054. 
 
 for mortgage to secure current account at bank, 292. 
 
 for sale of patent, 1015, 1018, 1028, 1062, 1067. 
 
 for sale of share of patent, 1069, 1071, 1076. 
 
 Folttme I. end* with page 858.
 
 656 INDEX. 
 
 RECITAL continued. 
 
 agreement by bankers to open account on having balance secured by 
 
 bond with sureties, 296. 
 
 to terminate disputes by payment of a sum of money, 1331. 
 for sub-licence, 1140. 
 
 for construction of railway in foreign country, 1240. 
 for indemnity against dower, 716. 
 for separation between husband and wife, 1339, 1343. 
 for licence to lessee to open communication between two 
 
 houses, 739. 
 
 to pay expenses and divide profits in certain proportion, 1330. 
 to carry on business on dissolution of partnership, 718. 
 to execute accommodation works, 1212. 
 application for patent, 1003, 1030, 1032, 1071. 
 appointment of two arbitrators and umpire, 141, 143, 155. 
 
 of new trustee of will, 1334. 
 arbitration clause, in policy of fire insurance, 143. 
 
 insurance for honesty of clerk, 144. 
 in shipbuilding contract, 151. 
 assignment of leaseholds, 739. 
 
 of share of partnership, 332. 
 bond to secure annuity, 1121. 
 contract for sale of business, in consideration of sum to be paid by 
 
 instalments, 235. 
 of copyright and MS., 290. 
 to build school, &c., 349. 
 
 concession to search for, &c. raw material, 1038. 
 death of testator, and probate, 230, 321, 1333. 
 
 of author, and grant of letters of administration, 290. 
 devolution of title to patent, 1060. 
 
 disagreement of arbitrators and notice to umpire to proceed, 143. 
 disputed claims between debtor and creditor, 1331. 
 dissolution of partnership, 332, 718. 
 enlargement of time for award, 556. 
 foreign concession to obtain raw material, 1103. 
 grant of licence, 1089, 1124, 1144, 1175. 
 grant of patent, 1038, 1059, 1093^ 1095. 
 invention, 1008, 1018. 
 legacy, in deed of assignment, 230. 
 
 in mortgage, 870. 
 life assurance policy, 228, 863, 866. 
 marriage and birth of children, 1343. 
 mortgage of life policy, 861 . 
 mortgage for term of years, 716. 
 of working agreement having 1 been approved by general meeting* of 
 
 respective railway companies, 1228. 
 of lease, 749. 
 
 order of Master appointing arbitrator, 139. 
 for execution of trusts of will, 870. 
 appointing third arbitrator, 153. 
 obtaining of patent in joint names, 1086, 1109. 
 policy of fire insurance, 140, 141, 142. 
 
 of insurance for honesty of olork. 144. 
 
 power of railway companies to enter into working agreements, 1227. 
 proposal and acceptance of arrangement with creditors, 168, 176, 219. 
 of inspectorship, 186. 
 to pay composition by instalments, 207. 
 provisional protection of invention. 1003, 1015, 1171. 
 request to bankers to open account, 296. 
 request for loan. 1003, 1166. 
 resolution for acceptance of composition, 202, 204. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1657 
 
 RECITAL continued. 
 
 service of notice on arbitrators to appoint a third arbitrator, 153. 
 settlement of accounts by executors with residuary legatee, 1333. 
 special differences, in submission to arbitration, 120, 121, 126, 128. 
 submission to arbitration, 154, 155. 
 
 to single arbitrator under Lands Clauses Acts, 555. 
 that trustees have carried on testator's trade, 1334. 
 title to advowson, 49. 
 
 to reversionary interest in fund in Court, 872. 
 
 to French patent, 1041, 1109. 
 
 to licence, 1140. 
 
 to patent, 1011, 1028, 1051. 
 
 RECTORY, agreement for sale of next presentation to, 48 50. 
 RE-ENTRY, notices before enforcing right of, 727729. 
 REFERENCE. See ARBITRATION. 
 REGISTRATION of bill of sale, affidavit on, 315. 
 
 RELEASE, 
 
 award for general, 150. 
 
 by residuary legatee of all demands, to executors and trustees, 1332. 
 
 by some of the persons beneficially interested under a will, to trustees 
 
 carrying on testator's trade without authority, 1334. 
 by residuary legatees in confirmation of gift void for remoteness, 1336. 
 mutual, of all claims by two persons, 1329. 
 
 of all claims between a firm and an individual, 1329. 
 of all claims by three persons, 1330. 
 of debtor, in deed of arrangement, 172, 185, 193, 201, 203, 206, 208, 
 
 209, 214, 216. 
 
 on certificate of trustee and committee of creditors, 175, 181. 
 on receiving a sum of money in satisfaction of disputed claims, 1331. 
 of one of several joint debtors, with reservation of rights against others, 
 
 1338. 
 to a retiring trustee of a settlement, 1337. 
 
 RENEWAL of lease, notice of intention to call for, 732. 
 
 RENT, 
 
 distress for. See DISTRESS. 
 guarantee for, 702. 
 
 RENT-CHARGE, 
 
 agreement for building grant in consideration of, 345 348. 
 tithe. See TITHES. 
 
 RESIGNATION BOND, 330. 
 
 RESOLUTIONS, 
 
 for statutory composition, 223, 224, 226. 
 
 scheme of arrangement, 227. 
 
 RETIRING TRUSTEE, release to, 1337. 
 REVERSION, agreement for sale of, 51, 52. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1658 INDEX. 
 
 REVERSIONARY INTEREST, 
 
 in fund in Court, mortgage of, 872 875. 
 in personalty, mortgage of, 870. 
 
 REVOCATION, 
 
 of licence, memorandum to be entered on register of patents, 1145. 
 
 notice of, 1146, 1147. 
 of submission to arbitration, 135. 
 notice of, to arbitrator, 136. 
 
 ROWING CLUB, rules and by-laws of, 497502. 
 
 ROYALTIES, 
 
 covenant to pay (fixed sums), 1148, 1149. 
 
 on sale moneys after satisfaction of cost price and 
 
 manufacturer's profit, 1149. 
 so much per article and further sums up to percentage 
 
 of selling price, 1125. 
 fixed sums according to quantity and form of products, 
 
 1130. 
 
 deed of commutation of, 1144. 
 in descending scale after certain date, 1153. 
 payment of, to cease if patent void, 1154. 
 
 per shuttle according to width of fabric and period of use, 1151. 
 provision for payment of, in agreement between author and publisher, 
 
 288. 
 
 proviso for commutation of, 1156. 
 
 reduced, on articles on hand at end of licence, 1128, 1150. 
 remission of, in case of bad debts, 1154. 
 
 suspension of, while licensor omits to take proceedings for infringe- 
 ments, 1152. 
 to be paid on articles manufactured by each co-patentee, 1072. 
 
 to assignee on articles sold by assignor of patent, 1083. 
 to trustees pending proceedings for revocation of patent, 1155. 
 to be reduced to lowest for time being in other licences, 1152, 1160. 
 variation of, as sales continue, 1153. 
 
 RULES, ! 
 
 approved society under National Insurance Act, 1540 et teg. 8e 
 
 TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 building societies, 364 et seq. See BUILDING SOCIETIES, 
 clubs, 458 et seq. See CLUBS. 
 for letting allotments by borough and urban district councils, 1374 
 
 1380. 
 
 by parish councils, 1366 1372. 
 
 for letting and sale of small holdings bv county councils, 1355 1365. 
 trade unions, 1501 et seq. See TRADE UNIONS. 
 
 SALE. (See HIRE-PURCHASE ; VENDOR AND PURCHASER. 
 advowson, of, 46, 47. 
 
 book on commission, of, agreement for, 274, 275. 
 by auction. See AUCTIONS AND AUCTIONEERS. 
 copyright of published book and MS., of. by administrator of deceased 
 
 author, 290. 
 
 farming stock, of, agreement for, 34. 
 
 foreign and colonial patents in course of being obtained, of, 1025 1027. 
 growing timber, of, agreement for, 32 34. 
 leasehold shop, fixtures, stock-in-trade and goodwill of, 42 45. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1659 
 
 SALE continued. 
 
 moiety of patent, purchase-money payable by instalments, agreement 
 
 for, 10141017. 
 next presentation, of, 48 50. 
 patent, of, after acceptance of complete specification, agreement for, 
 
 1021. 
 
 on the hire system, 10431047, 10481051. 
 to trustee for proposed company, 1028 1030. 
 small holding, of, agreement for, 1363, 1364. 
 
 SALT, agreement for manufacture of, 39 42. 
 
 SATISFACTION of judgment, acknowledgment of, 1. 
 
 SCHEME OF ARRANGEMENT. See ARRANGEMENTS WITH CREDITOBS. 
 
 SCHOOLMISTRESS, articles of apprenticeship to, 116. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES ACT, appeal against grant of certificate of 
 exemption from rates under, 1316 1320. 
 
 SEA APPRENTICESHIP, 104. 
 SECRET PREPARATION, sale of, 38. 
 
 SECURED CREDITORS, clauses as to, in deeds of arrangement, 173, 192. 
 200, 214. 
 
 SEPARATION DEED, 
 
 chattels to be wife's property, 1341, 1346. 
 
 concise form; annuity to wife during joint lives, 1339 1342. 
 
 condonation of previous offences, 1340. 
 
 dum casta clause, 1340. 
 
 compromise of divorce proceedings, on, 1349 1351. 
 
 covenants not to molest, 1340, 1344, 1349, 1350. 
 
 not to take proceedings for divorce, &c., 1344. 
 form of, with special provisions as to children; settlement of stock, &c., 
 
 13421348. 
 
 further assurance, 1348. 
 indemnity against wife's debts, 1341, 1347. 
 maintenance, &c. of children, 1346, 1347. 
 new trustees, appointment of, 1342, 1348, 1351. 
 power of advancement, 1346. 
 
 provision for reconciliation or divorce, 1342, 1348, 1350. 
 trust for investment, 1344. 
 trusts of settled fund, 1345. 
 
 of annuity purchased by wife for husband's benefit, 1350. 
 wife to have custody of children, 1346. 
 
 SERVICE, 
 
 contracts for. See AGENCY CONTRACTS. 
 of notices, clauses as to, 1165. 
 
 SETTLEMENT, release to retiring trustee of, 1337. 
 
 SHERIFF, 
 
 notice by, to execution creditor, of rent being due from debtor, 609. 
 notice to, of rent being due from execution debtor, 609, 734. 
 
 that goods seized are only let to execution debtor, 888. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858. 
 B. VOL. H. 51
 
 1660 INDEX. 
 
 SHIP, agreement for construction of, 52 57. 
 
 SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT, award under arbitration clause in, 151 
 153. 
 
 SHOP, agreement for sale of, 42 45. 
 
 SMALL HOLDINGS. See ALLOTMENTS. 
 agreement for letting, 13611363, 1365. 
 
 for sale, 1363, 1364. 
 
 application for purchase or hiring, 1360. 
 hiring scheme by county council, 1351 1353. 
 model rules for adoption by county councils, 1355 1365. 
 
 conditions under which all holdings are to be held by tenants, 
 1358, 1359. 
 
 exemption from the rules of certain sales and lettings, 1359. 
 
 interpretation of terms, 1355. 
 
 notices to be given for sale or letting of holdings, 1357. 
 
 notification of officer to receive applications, 1356. 
 
 persons eligible to become purchasers or tenants, 1356. 
 
 redemption of purchase-money charged on holding, 1360. 
 
 register of holdings, 1355. 
 
 rents to be charged, 1357. 
 
 sale and letting of holdings, 1357 1359. 
 notice of draft scheme, 1355. 
 
 purchase and hiring scheme by county council, 1353. 
 scheme dealing with land purchased compulsorily, 1354. 
 voluntary lease to county council for, 1380 1383. 
 
 SOCIAL CLUB, rules and regulations of a, 458472. 
 
 SOLE AGENT, 
 
 for sale of patent articles in metropolis, agreement for employment of, 
 
 1823. 
 
 of patent medicine for term of years, agreement for employment 
 of, 1318. 
 
 SOLICITOR, 
 
 articles of clerkship to, 114 116. 
 award between, and client, 150. 
 
 SPECIAL CASE, 
 
 award in the form of, 161165, 555561. 
 
 stated by arbitrator under Agricultural Holdings Act, 89. 
 
 SPECIFICATION of invention for patent, 11791184. 
 STANDING CORN, agreement for sale of, 34. 
 
 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS, 
 
 acknowledgment of debt to bar, 3. 
 of title to bar, 2. 
 
 STAY OF PROCEEDINGS, agreement for, in submission to arbitration, 
 130. 
 
 STEAMSHIP, agreement for construction of, 5257. 
 
 Volume I, ends with page 858,
 
 INDEX. 1661 
 
 STEWARD, 
 
 of largo estates, appointment of, 96 102. 
 of manor, appointment of, 92. 
 
 STOCK, agreement for sale of reversionary interest in, 51, 62. 
 STOP ORDER, power to obtain, 875. 
 SUBMISSION. See ABBITBATIOK. 
 
 SUPERFLUOUS LAND, offer of right of pre-emption of, under Land. 
 Clauses Acts, 579. 
 
 SUPPLY of milk, contract for, 3537. 
 
 SURETY; SURETIES. See GUARANTEE. 
 
 covenant by, for payment by mortgagor of life policy of interest and 
 
 premiums, 861^863. 
 by principal to indemnify, 719. 
 
 for payment for goods to be supplied to tradesman, 702. 
 of composition to creditors, 207 210. 
 of principal and interest on mortgage of life policy, 864, 
 
 865. 
 
 post obit bond with, 320. 
 proviso that indulgence to principal shall not release, 863. 
 
 they are to be liable as principals, 298, 865. 
 
 reservation of rights against, in deeds of arrangement, 172, 182. 192, 
 200, 204, 214, 216. 
 
 SURGEON, articles of apprenticeship to, 113, 114. 
 
 SURVEYOR; SURVEYORS, 
 
 appointment of, by Board of Trade under Railway Companies Act, 1867 
 
 ...570. 
 by justices under sect. 85 of the Lands Clauses Act, 
 
 1845... 568, 1206. 
 of third, by justices under sect. 9 of the Lands Clauses Act, 
 
 1845.. .541. 
 
 articles of apprenticeship to, 108 111. 
 declaration of correctness of valuation by, 573. 
 
 of impartiality by, 572. 
 nomination of, by justices under sect. 59 of the Lands Clauses Act, 
 
 1845... 567. 
 
 under sest. 9 of the Lands Clauses Act, 1845... 540. 
 notices of application to justices to appoint, 540. 
 
 intention to apply to Board of Trade to appoint, 570. 
 specimen valuations by. See VALUATION. 
 
 valuation by. where parties under disability (Lands Clauses Acts), 
 1207. 
 
 TENANT IN TAIL in remainder, contract for sale of next presentation 
 
 by, 49, 50. 
 TENDER, notice on making, 890. 
 
 TENNIS CLUB, 
 
 licence for use of ground, &c., 511 513. 
 rules and regulations, 502 511. 
 
 Volume 1. and* with page 858. 
 
 51 (2)
 
 1662 INDEX. 
 
 TERMINATING BUILDING SOCIETY, rules for, 390 et seq. See BUILD- 
 ING SOCIETIES. 
 
 THEATRE, 
 
 agreement for engagement of understudy, 61 . 
 
 valuation of, for purpose of assessment of compensation on compulsory 
 purchase, 589. 
 
 TIMBER, growing, agreement for purchase of, 32 34. 
 TIME CHARTER-PARTY, 453-458. 
 
 TITHES, 
 
 application by owner of lands for certificate in respect of failure to 
 
 give occupier's liability notice, 1405. 
 application by rate collector, 1408. 
 
 certificate in respect of failure to give occupier's liability notice, 1407. 
 notice of application where owner of the land is also occupier, 1384. 
 
 is not the occupier, 1385. 
 
 where occupier's liability notice is filed, 1387. 
 of apportionment of rent, 1399. 
 
 of change of day appointed for hearing application, 1392. 
 of day appointed for hearing objection, 1399. 
 
 objection to apportionment of 
 
 rent, 1401. 
 of objection to order by owner of the lands, 1398. 
 
 to apportionment of rent, 1400. 
 of opposition to application, 1390. 
 
 to rate collector's application, 1409. 
 to applicant to notice of opposition, 1391. 
 to occupier of lands of receiver's appointment, 1395. 
 
 that order under sect. 4 may be made upon him, 
 
 1401. 
 of owner's application in respect of failure to 
 
 serve occupier's liability notice, 140G. 
 
 to owner that an order has been made on receiver's report, 1398. 
 under sect. 4 may be made on the occu- 
 pier, 1402. 
 
 of second rent-charge of application for remission, 1404. 
 of tithe rent-charge or of lands to be served with notice 
 
 of rate collector's application, 1408. 
 to rate collector of notice of opposition, 1410. 
 to respondent to be served with duplicate notice of application, 
 
 1389. 
 order for distress in name of owner of lands, 1396. 
 
 where the owner is in occupation, 1393. 
 of Court under sect. 4... 1403. 
 
 where apportionment objected to, 1401. 
 on application where lands not occupied by owner, 1392. 
 of remission in respect of tithe rent-charge, 1404. 
 
 of rates in respect of tithe rent-charge, 1405. 
 under sect. 6, for recovery of sum due on account of ratei, 1411. 
 where receiver reports that the owner is in occupation, 1397. 
 report by officer ordered to distrain that there is no sufficient distress, 
 
 1399. 
 of receiver that the lands are occupied by the owner, 1396. 
 
 TITLE DEEDS, 
 
 acknowledgment of receipt of, by mortgagee to mortgagor, 1. 
 bond of indemnity against loss of, 714. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858,
 
 INDEX. 1663 
 
 TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY. See TEADE UNIONS. 
 TRADE SECRET, sale of, 38. 
 
 TRADE UNIONS, 
 
 agreement between a trade protection society and a workmen's union, 
 
 15601563. 
 roles of a workmen's union (general part); 
 
 accident benefit, 1501 1503. 
 
 acquisition of property and building, 1446. 
 
 admission of full members, 1467 1474. 
 
 agreements with employers, 1451. 
 
 alteration of rules, 1464. 
 
 American and colonial councils, 1458 1463. 
 
 appeals, 1447, 1512, 1513. 
 
 apprentice section, 1475 1478. 
 
 army and navy artificers, 1474. 
 
 arrears, 1482, 1483, 1485. 
 
 assistant secretaries, 1452 1456. 
 
 assistants and helpers, 1480 1482. 
 
 audit of general secretary's accounts, 1455. 
 
 benevolent grants, 1448. 
 
 branch assistant secretary, 1424. 
 
 auditors, 14311433. 
 
 banking, 1508. 
 
 committee, 1419 1421. 
 
 meetings, 14161418, 1518, 1519. 
 
 officers, exemptions, 1422. 
 number of, 1421. 
 
 penalties for neglect of duty, inc., 1422, 1427. 
 remuneration of, 1422. 
 
 president, 1423. 
 
 property, &c., 1417, 1418. 
 
 referee, 1428, 1429. 
 
 secretary, 14241428. 
 
 treasurers, 1434. 
 
 vice-president, 1423, 1424. 
 central office, 1413. 
 
 vacant-book offices, 1436. 
 chairman of executive council, 1444. 
 check -book keeper, 1429. 
 clearances of members, 1511. 
 complaints and disputes, 1512, 1513. 
 conferences, 1450. 
 constitution, 1412, 1413. 
 contingent benefit, 1492 1494. 
 contributions and arrears, 1482 1485. 
 declaration off sick benefit, 1499. 
 on sick benefit, 1498. 
 delegate meeting, 1463 1465. 
 disqualifications for full membership, 1471, 1472. 
 dissolution, 1518. 
 district committee, 1438 1443. 
 division into branches, 1413. 
 donation benefit, 1485 1492. 
 doorkeepers, 1429. 
 flnties of branch referee, 1429. 
 
 secretary, 14241427. 
 treasurers, 1434. 
 of district committee secretary, 1442. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1664 INDEX. 
 
 TRADE UNIONS continued. 
 
 rules of a workmen's union (general part) continued. 
 duties of final appeal court, 1466. 
 
 of general secretary, 1452 1456. 
 of organising district delegates, 1457, 1458. 
 of trustees, 1508, 1509. 
 election of brancli auditors, 1431. 
 
 president and vice-president, 1423. 
 referee, 1428. 
 secretary, 1424. 
 treasurer, 1434. 
 trustees, 1434. 
 of district committeemen, 1441. 
 
 secretaries, 1443. 
 
 of executive councihnen, 1444, 1445. 
 of general and assistant secretaries, 1452. 
 of officers and delegates generally, 1413 1416. 
 of vacant-book keepers, 1437. 
 emergency, men sent for in case of, 1499, 1500. 
 entrance fees for assistant and helper section, 1481. 
 for full membership, 1467, 1468. 
 for trade protection members, 1478. 
 equalisation, 1509, 1510. 
 executive council, 1443 1445. 
 exemptions from contributions, 1483. 
 false declarations of sickness, 1496. 
 federation, 1450. 
 final appeal court, 1465, 1466. 
 fines for offences, 1515 1517. 
 forfeiture of donation benefit, 1489, 1490. 
 funeral benefit, 1506, 1507. 
 general secretary, 1452 1456. 
 general trustees, 1449. 
 
 investigations by district committee, 1443. 
 investment of funds generally, 1509. 
 
 of superannuation reserve- fund, 1506. 
 Journal salesman, 1421. 
 legal aid, 1502, 1503. 
 
 legal proceedings against officers and members, 1449. 
 levies by executive council, 1447, 1448. 
 
 by American and colonial councils, 1459. 
 by branches, 1416, 1417. 
 by district committees, 1440. 
 for superannuation reserve fund, l;>0"i. 
 loss of tools, 1503. 
 members going abroad, 1510, 1511. 
 
 leaving the trade, 1474. 
 misconduct of sick members, 1497. 
 money steward, 1429. 
 name and objects, 1412. 
 nominee for funeral benefit, 1507. 
 notice of sickness, 1494, 1498. 
 notification of marriage, 1473. 
 offences and penalties, 1515 1518. 
 office hours, 1456. 
 
 opening new branches, 1448, 1460, 1513, 1514. 
 organising district delegates, 1456 1458. 
 penalties for neglect of duty by executive councihnen, 1 14/5. 
 piecework, 1514, 1515. 
 powers of branch committee, 1420. 
 of delegate meeting, 1464. 
 
 Volume I. ends with pa ye 858.
 
 INDEX. 1665 
 
 TRADE UNIONS continued. 
 
 rule* of a workmen'* union (general part) continued. 
 powers of district committee, 1438 1441. 
 
 of executive council, 1446 1451. 
 qualifications for full membership, 1469, 1470. 
 rates of sick benefit, 1498. 
 re-admission of members, 1471, 1473. 
 referee of district committee, 1443. 
 
 to general office, 1446. 
 register of unemployed, 1437. 
 removal of general or assistant secretaries, 1452. 
 
 of sick members, 1496. 
 remuneration for delegate meeting, 1466. 
 
 for special audits, 1466. 
 
 for special delegations, 1467. 
 
 of branch committeemcn, 1421. 
 
 of branch secretary, 1428. 
 
 of branch auditors, 1433. 
 
 of branch treasurers, 1434. 
 
 of district committeemen, 1441. 
 
 of district secretary, 1442, 1443. 
 
 of executive councilmen, 1444. 
 
 of general and assistant secretaries, 1455. 
 
 of referee to general office, 1446. 
 
 of registrars of unemployed, 1437. 
 
 of sick stewards, 1430. 
 
 of trustees, 1508. 
 
 of vacant-book keepers, 143f>. 
 reports of branches abroad, 1418. 
 
 of general secretary, 1453, 1454. 
 of organising district delegates, 1457, 1158. 
 resignation or removal of branch secretaries, 1 1 2s. 
 sick benefit, 14941499. 
 sick stewards, 1430, 1497. 
 sickness abroad, 1495. 
 special delegate meeting, 1464. 
 special delegations, 1451. 
 strike benefit, 14921494. 
 superannuation, 1503 1506. 
 trade protection members, 1478 1480. 
 
 transfer from apprentice section to full membership, 1475, 1477. 
 from trade protection section to full membership, 1480. 
 unemployment benefit, 1485 1492. 
 vacant books, 14351438. 
 voting at elections of officers and delegates, 1414, 1415. 
 
 on general district disputes, 1441. 
 
 rules of a workmen's union (National Insurance section): 
 accounts, 1540. 
 
 administration expenses, 1540. 
 amendment of rules, 1544. 
 appeals, 1537, 1538. 
 arrears, 1523, 1524, 1527, 1528. 
 assignment or charge of benefit void, 152->. 
 audit, 1541. 
 
 benefits, 1524, 1525, 15471555. 
 compensation claims, 1531. 
 contributions, 1521 1523, 1550, 1551. 
 declaration on sick benefit, form of, 1530. 
 
 off sick benefit, form of, 1531. 
 deficiency, 1542, 1543, 1545. 
 
 Volume I. ends with pnyc 858.
 
 1666 INDEX. 
 
 TRADE UNIONS continued. 
 
 rules of a workmen's union (National Insurance section) con- 
 tinued. 
 
 disputes, 1543. 
 dissolution, 1544. 
 
 expulsion and withdrawal, 1537, 1538. 
 general, 1519, 1520. 
 inspection of affairs of society, 1543, 1544. 
 
 of books, 1540. 
 insured members, 1520, 1521. 
 interpretation of rules, 1545. 
 
 investment and management of funds, 1534 1536. 
 Irish members, 1545 1547. 
 marine members, 1534. 
 maternity benefit, 1532, 1533. 
 medical benefit, 1525. 
 members in hospitals, &c., 1536. 
 naval and military members, 1533. 
 notice of sickness, 1526. 
 objects, 1520. 
 oft'ences, 1539. 
 office, 1520. 
 
 periodical medical certificates during sickness, 1530. 
 receipts on payment of benefits, 1530. 
 reduction of sickness benefit in case of arrears, 1527. 1528, 1548, 
 
 1549. 
 
 returns, 1541. 
 
 sanatorium benefit, 1525, 1526. 
 Scottish members, 1547. 
 security, 1538. 
 
 sickness and disablement benefit, 1526 1531, 1547, 1552 1554. 
 surplus, 1542, 1545. 
 
 suspension of sickness benefit in case of imposition, &c., 1529, 1530. 
 tables of benefits, &c., 1547 1555. 
 valuations, 1542. 
 
 rules of a trade protection society: 
 alteration of rules, 1558. 
 annual general meeting, 1557. 
 audit and auditors, 1559. 
 candidates for oflice, 1557. 
 chairman and vice-chairman, 1557, 1558. 
 cheques and pass books, 1557. 
 committee meetings, 1558. 
 constitution, 1556. 
 
 disqualifications of committeemen, 1558. 
 dissolution, 1560. 
 
 inspection of books, and list of members, 1559. 
 levies, 1557. 
 name, 1555. 
 objects, 1555, 1556. 
 officers, 15571559. 
 payment of subscriptions, 1556. 
 penalties, 1559. 
 place of meeting, 1555. 
 
 removal of officers and committeemen, 1559. 
 subscriptions, 1556. 
 treasurer and secretary, 1559. 
 trustees, 1558. 
 
 TRADER, articles of apprenticeship to, 102, 103, 105108. 
 
 Volume* I. ends with paye 858.
 
 INDEX. 1667 
 
 TRAMWAYS. See LIGHT RAILWAYS. 
 
 by-laws, model forms of, 1563 1568. 
 confirmation Bill, 1568 et aeq. 
 
 model Bill, 927 et aeq. 
 
 alteration of level of roads, 932. 
 
 of telegraph lines, 937. 
 
 apparatus for uso of mechanical power to be deemed part of tram- 
 way, 914. 
 application of deposit, 946. 
 
 of penalty for not duly completing, 948. 
 arbitration, 953. 
 
 attachment of brackets to buildings, 943. 
 by-laws of Board of Trade, 944. 
 of local authorities, 952. 
 capital, 952, 953. 
 
 cheap fares for labouring classes, 950. 
 completion of works, time for, 945. 
 confirmation of agreement, 982. 
 consents of local or road authorities, 953. 
 construction of tramways, 928 933. 
 
 correction of errors in deposited plan and book of reference, 951. 
 cross-overs, 933. 
 deposit, 945947. 
 electrical power, special provisions as to use of, 935 944. 
 
 works, 929. 
 
 fares, rates and charges, 949 951. 
 gauge, 930. 
 
 generating station, power to erect, 929. 
 goods traffic, 949. 
 incorporation of Acts, 927. 
 
 of company, 928. 
 inspection by Board of Trade, 945. 
 interpretation, 927, 928. 
 lands, 951, 952. 
 
 malicious damage, penalty for, 953. 
 materials excavated in construction, 932. 
 
 miscellaneous clauses, 981 1002. See PRIVATE BILL LEGISLATION'. 
 mortgagees, rights of, on sale of tramways, 952. 
 motive power, 934. 
 nuisance, 952. 
 
 observatories, protection of, 936. 
 orders, &c. of Board of Trade, 953. 
 passengers' fares, 949. 
 
 luggage, 949. 
 penalty for not maintaining rails and roads, 931. 
 
 for not opening line within time limited, 947 949. 
 period for compulsory purchase, 951. 
 periodical revision or rates and charges, 950. 
 plan of proposed mode of construction, 931. 
 Postmaster-General, protection of, 937 940. 
 
 use of tramway posts by, 940 943. 
 power to make tramways, 928. 
 priority of mortgages, 983. 
 purchase of lands by agreement, 952. 
 rails, 931. 
 
 recovery of penalties, 953. 
 reduction of footpaths, 930. 
 saving of general Acts, 953. 
 sewers, access to, 932. 
 Sundays and holidays, fares on, 950. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 1668 INDEX. 
 
 TRAMWAYS continued. 
 model Bill continued. 
 
 telegraph lines, protection of, 937 940. 
 
 temporary tramways, 930. 
 
 waiting rooms, 930. 
 
 working of tramways by local authority, 945. 
 
 Provisional Order, 1569 ct seq. 
 access to sewers, 1575. 
 agreements witii road authorities, 1593. 
 alteration of tramways, 1576. 
 application of excavated road materials, 1578. 
 arbitrations, 1595, 1596. 
 audit of accounts, 1594. 
 by-laws as to use of mechanical power, 1581, 1582. 
 
 as to rate of speed, 1582. 
 cheap fares for labouring classes, 1589, 1590. 
 construction of tramways, 1572 1579. 
 cross-over roads, 1577. 
 
 electrical power, special provisions as to use of, 1582 1588. 
 fares, 1589. 
 
 form and delivery of notices, 1594. 
 gauge and width of carriages, 1574. 
 incorporation of Acts, 1570. 
 interpretation, 1570. 
 lands, 1570, 1571. 
 
 maximum rates and charges, 1596 1598. 
 mechanical power works, 1580, 1581. 
 mortgages, 1593. 
 motive power, 1579 1588. 
 opening for traffic, 1579. 
 orders, &c. by Board of Trade, 1593. 
 passengers' luggage, 1589. 
 penalty for not maintaining rails in good condition, 1575. 
 
 for failure to run regular service, 1589. 
 periodical revision of rates and charges, 1590. 
 plan and statement as to construction to be laid before Board of 
 
 Trade, 1575. 
 
 Postmaster-General, protection of, 1584 1588. 
 power to deviate, 1577. 
 
 to hold patents, 1594. 
 
 to corporation to work tramways, 1591. 
 promoters, 1570. 
 
 protection of local authority, 1594. 
 purchase of undertaking by local authority. 1591. 
 rates, 15891591, 15961598. 
 reconstruction of existing tramways, 1573. 
 recovery of penalties, 1594. 
 saving for general Acts, 1596. 
 short title, 1569. 
 temporary tramways, 1578. 
 traffic, 1588. 
 working agreements, 1592. 
 
 TRAVELLER, commercial, agreement for employment of, 31, 32. 
 
 TBU8TEB, 
 
 carrying on business without authority, relea.se and indemnity to, 1334. 
 release to, by residuary legatee, 1332. 
 retiring, release to, 1337. 
 
 Volume I. ends with paye 858.
 
 INDEX. 1669 
 
 UMPIRE. See ARBITRATION. 
 
 :IJ>|H >int mi-lit, of, by arbitrators, 132. 
 
 by Board of Trade under soot. 28 of Lands Clauses 
 
 Act, 551. 
 
 under sect. 27 of Lands Clauses Act, 550. 
 award by. See AWARD. 
 
 notice by arbitrators to, of final disagreement, 134. 
 request to arbitrators to appoint, under Lands Clauses Acts, 550. 
 
 tJNDEESTUDY, agreement for engagement of, 61 . 
 UNDERWRITING AGENT, agreement for employment of, 2327. 
 
 VALUATION, 
 
 agreement for sale of fixtures and stock-in-trade at a, 43, 44. 
 agricultural land taken for a railway with injurious affection to adjoin- 
 ing land, 584. 
 
 brewer's leasehold interest, 599. 
 business carried on in throe houses held under leases for different 
 
 terms, 586. 
 
 freehold houses let to weekly tenants, 585. 
 
 freehold land on bank of river, for which there is 110 demand, 583. 
 freehold land taken from estate, with injurious affection to remainder, 
 
 583. 
 freehold land as clear site, with alternative valuation on basis of owner 
 
 building, 584. 
 freehold wharf held by executors into whose possession it will pass on 
 
 death of tenant for life, 591. 
 
 front portion of proposed building taken for widening a street, 591,593. 
 land taken by a gas and water company with consequential damage to 
 
 remainder of estate, 594. 
 lessee's interest in land on which he is about to erect houses and shops, 
 
 582. 
 
 of security, clause as to, in agreement for loan, 58. 
 pawnbroker's business, where premises required for street improvement, 
 
 588. 
 premises taken for street improvement, with allowance for betterment, 
 
 600. 
 premises used partly for business and partly for residential purposes, 
 
 589. 
 
 premises where well -known trade carried on, 587. 
 premises which have depreciated in value, 583. 
 public-house (free lease), 598. 
 (tied), 597. 
 
 where mortgagees in possession, 599. 
 theatre, 589. 
 
 trade premises held on long lease, 580. 
 on short lease, 581. 
 water rights taken by a corporation from a landowner, 595. 
 
 VALUATION LIST. See RATING. 
 
 VALUER. Nre SCRVKYOR. 
 
 under Agricultural Holdings Act. appointment of, on hdialf of landlord. 
 
 8fi. 
 
 on behalf of outgoing 
 tenant, 87. 
 
 Volume I. ends with /in ye 858.
 
 1670 INDEX. 
 
 VENDOR AND PURCHASER, 
 
 bond by purchaser of leaseholds indemnifying vendor against rent and 
 
 covenants, 710, 711. 
 for quiet enjoyment, 327. 
 
 indemnifying purchaser against loss of title deeds, 714. 
 where title commenced at too late a period, 329. 
 notice by purchaser of appointment of referee to value fixtures, 880. 
 
 that his money is non-productive, 881. 
 to purchaser to complete, 880. 
 
 VOYAGE CHARTER-PARTY, 452. 
 
 WARRANT, 
 
 to distrain for rent, 603. 
 
 to sheriif to summon a jury under Lands Clauses Acts, 563, 1200, 1202. 
 
 WARRANTY, on sale of milk, 36. 
 
 WATER BILL, 968 et seq. 
 
 compensation water, provisions as to, 970, 971. 
 
 construction of works, 969 972. 
 
 contracts for supply in bulk, 977. 
 
 drainage of lands, &c., power to agree as to, 971. 
 
 easements, acquisition of, 972. 
 
 estimates, recital of, 981. 
 
 failure to furnish sufficient supply, 978. 
 
 fittings, power to supply, 976, 977. 
 
 incorporation of Acte, 968. 
 
 injury to meters, &,c., 975, 976. 
 
 limitation of powers to abstract water, 971. 
 
 limits of deviation, 969. 
 
 local authority, power of, to supply water on failure of company, 978. 
 
 malicious injury, 975, 976. 
 
 measure, supply by, 975. 
 
 meters, &c., power to sell, 975. 
 
 miscellaneous clauses, 981 1002. See PRIVATE BILL LEGISLATION-. 
 
 notice of connecting or disconnecting meters, 975. 
 
 of discontinuance of supply, 974. 
 power to make works, 969. 
 
 to take waters, 970. 
 
 to hold lands for protection of works, 971. 
 price of supply by measure, 975. 
 private streets, power to lay pipes in, 977. 
 rates for supply for domestic purposes, 972, 973. 
 sale of plant outside district, 987. 
 small houses, rates for supply to, 973. 
 supply of several houses by one pipe, 974. 
 
 to houses partly used for trade, 975. 
 waste, by-laws for preventing, 974. 
 
 WATER RIGHTS taken by corporation from landowner, valuation of, 595. 
 
 WIFE, notice not to give credit to, 890. 
 
 WORKING AGREEMENT, 12271240. See RAILWAY. 
 
 Volume I. ends with page 858.
 
 INDEX. 1671 
 
 WORKING MEN'S CLUB, RULES OP, 
 accounts and audit, 523. 
 alcoholic liquor, gaming, &c., 516. 
 amendment of rules, 527. 
 annual returns, 524. 
 application of funds, 514. 
 applications to Registrar, 525. 
 by-laws, 526. 
 
 committee of management, 522. 
 complaints, 517. 
 copies of rules, 527. 
 disputes, 525. 
 
 entrance fee and subscriptions, 516. 
 infraction of rules, 517. 
 inspection of books, 523. 
 interpretation, 526. 
 investment of funds, 514, 515. 
 meetings, 518, 519. 
 membership, 515, 516. 
 misconduct, 517. 
 name and constitution, 513. 
 notices, 526. 
 objects, 514. 
 officers, 519, 520. 
 registered office, 513, 514. 
 secretary, 522. 
 servants, 518. 
 treasurer, 521. 
 trustees, 520, 521. 
 visitors, 517, 518. 
 voluntary dissolution, 526. 
 
 YACHT CLUB, rules and regulations of a, 480 i89. 
 
 Volume I. ends with pay* 858. 
 
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