FITZ -GREENE HALLECK 
 A MEMORIAL 
 
 F,S. Cozzens 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 DAVIS 
 
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 FITZ-GREENE HALLECK. A 
 MEMORIAL 
 
 Frederic S. Cozzens 
 
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FITZ-GREEtfE HALLECK. 
 
 A MEMORIAL. 
 
 
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FITZ-GREENE HALLECK 
 
 A MEMORIAL. 
 
 MR. DcYCKEfoc, the Chairman of the Committee to which I hare the 
 honor to belong, has prepared some resolution*, expressive of the sin 
 cere grief which this Society feels at the recent decease of Frrz-G RHLVE 
 HALLCCK. It devolve* upon me, in accordance with a time-honored 
 custom, to introduce them with a brief review of the career of our late 
 illustrious associate. I am aware, however, of an increasing hoarseness, 
 which will prevent mo addressing yon in person ; and as our excellent 
 librarian, Mr. MOOBE, has, at my solicitation, promised to take the load 
 off my shoulders, I am only too happy to band these papers to him. 
 
 Tins is A NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. It is a 
 living register of deeds and men. From its accumula 
 tions of the records of the past of the records of our 
 common Country in general we torn with more af 
 fectionate interest to those themes which are peculiar 
 ly local) to those acts which have added a lustre to 
 this city, to those actors who have lived, and breath 
 ed, and moved among us ; who have formed a part 
 of our crowded streets, and our busy thoroughfares. 
 
4 FmGREKXE JlAHJlCIC. 
 
 If Longfellow should die, the ntreeta of Boston 
 would be draped in mourning ! But although we 
 display no outward signs of grief, we feel not less 
 keenly, that there is a vacant space among us ; that 
 a statue has fallen from its familiar pedestal ; that a 
 spark of immortal fire has !x;en quenched forever ; 
 and that he who used to he, peculiarly, the intellect 
 ual soul and centre of this vast metropolis, now lies 
 silent, in a narrow grave, at Guilford ! 
 
 A brief biographical sketch, collected from various 
 sources, may l>e not uninteresting. 
 
 Fitz-Grccne llalleck was born in Guilford, Con 
 necticut, July 3th, 1700. On his mother'* ride, lie 
 was descended from the famous John Eliot, u the 
 Apostle to the Indians," and his* father filled an in 
 considerable position, during the Revolutionary war, 
 under Sir Henry Clinton. " My father," said llalleck 
 to me, " was a British Commissary. But I am inclined 
 to believe that this high-sounding title was a fiction. 
 British and other commissaries, in the army, usually 
 accumulate fortunes ; but as my father made nothing 
 out of the war, I think he must have been a tnthr. 
 And my opinion is," continued he, " that as a sutleq 
 transacts his business upon his own capital, and a 
 commissary draws his funds from the military chest, 
 that the chances of being an honest man are in favor 
 offltetntkrl* 
 
 In 1814 we find Mr. llalleck a clerk of Jacob 
 Barker. The late Daniel Embury, formerly Presi 
 dent of the Atlantic Bank of Brooklyn, at that time 
 was Mr. Barker's cashier. He always spoke of llal 
 leck with almost boyish affection. " When I found," 
 
paid he, u that Jacob Barker's affairs were in such a 
 state that an honest cashier conld not remain with 
 him, I spoke to Hal leek about them, for I had deter 
 mined to leave his office, and urged him to do BO like 
 wise. But Halleck replied, 'Xo ! I will not desert 
 the sinking slip; I will remain at my post When 
 misfortune comes, that is the very time to stand by 
 one's friends.' And so," said Mr. Embury, tt I left 
 the office of Mr. Barker, and entered into the employ 
 of John Jacob Astor. Some years after, Halleck fol 
 lowed me. By-and-by he rose to V Astor's chief 
 book-keeper and confidential clerk." 
 
 It is very well known that Mr. Astor left Mr. 
 Halleck in his will, when tlie latter was in the height 
 of his fame, and pretty well advanced in years, an an 
 nuity of two hundred dollars. It is very well known, 
 also, that Mr. Win. B. Astor added to this a gift of 
 ten thousand dollars. It was the first gift ever given 
 by a wealthy man to a poet, in this country. It was 
 certainly noble and generous. Opulence often pays 
 thousands of dollars for a picture, to secrete in a pri 
 vate gallery ; but the greater artist, the Poet, whose 
 works ennoble mankind, is too often forgotten. 
 
 I asked Mr. Embury, one day, why it was that 
 John Jacob Astor had left Halleck, his faithful clerk, 
 only this trifling sum. * 4 1 think I can explain that,* 
 he said. u Halleck often used to joke Mr. Astor about 
 his accumulating income, and perhaps rather rashly 
 said, * Mr. Astor, of what use is all this money to you ? 
 I would be content to live upon a coupls of hundreds 
 a-year, for the rest of my life, if I was only sure of it.' 
 The old man remembered that," said Mr. Embury, 
 
$ 
 
 u and with a bitter satire, reminded Halleck of it in 
 
 The commercial life of Halleck is interesting, in 
 somuch that it exhibits a chivalric sense of duty, and 
 a noble disinterestedness. His first experience in 
 New York brought him in contact with much subtle 
 trickery and artful maneuvering ; his later years ex 
 posed him to all the allurements which the accumu 
 lation of vast wealth, under his eyes, could furnish. 
 But he was superior to either ; and could alike hon 
 estly stand by Jacob Barker amid the wreck of his 
 financial machinery, and indulge in quiet Kin-asms 
 on John Jacob Astor while the latter was building 
 his colossal fortune. 
 
 In fa<;t, ht h'i'l a platform of hi* own, and he 
 tsto&l itj>on iff Money, whether honestly or dis 
 honestly acquired, had no part in his aspirations. 
 His birth-gift was poetry. He was a poet born, 
 not made by circumstances. Not that ho despised 
 wealth, not that he despised rank, not that he des 
 pised power. 
 
 "No a born poet ; it hi* cradle-fire 
 The Mufc nurpHl him a* their bud unblown, 
 
 Aud gare him, as lib mind grew tnjh and A^Vr, 
 Their ducal Btrawbcrnr leaf* enwreathcd renown." 
 
 It was that wreath he coveted. He wrought for 
 it earnestly, he won it honestly, but in his sweet hu 
 mility he never wore it. 
 
 One of the greatest charms of Halleck's character 
 was his innate modesty. lie did not care to rush 
 into print In the earlier part of his life, his poems 
 were published anonymously. Like Irving, and 
 
A MEMORIAL. 7 
 
 Drake, and Bryant, with a true gentlemanly instinct, 
 he shrank from popular applause. But when the 
 author of u Fanny,* and the co-author of the u Croak 
 ers," could no longer preserve his disguise ; when his 
 old publisher, Coleman, broke the seals of secresy, 
 and he stood revealed ; when he was sought after by 
 the best society in New York, (and what a brilliant 
 society it was in those grand old days !) when he 
 was exposed to all the adulations of fashion, wealth, 
 and intellect, he preserved his quiet balance, his 
 modest, gentlemanly demeanor, and lived and moved 
 an example worthy of imitation. When we reflect 
 that, ut this time, 1 hillock was the most popular 
 poet in the country, for Drake was dead and Bryant 
 scarcely known, and that no other American poet 
 could be called his rival, we may well admire that 
 unpretending modesty which always formed the chief 
 charm in his character. Upon one occasion, in after- 
 years, when he was invited to a brilliant party in 
 New York, he declined the invitation, and said, quiet-* 
 ly, to a friend, " I always avoided notoriety in my 
 earlier days, and I am too old a lion now to shake 
 my mane in a lady's drawing-room." 
 
 "While I have made the endeavor to bring before 
 you a faint sketch of the character of the man, which 
 you have done me the honor to invite me to elucidate, 
 permit me to give a glance at the opposite of such a^ 
 poet, and show you a Poet's Critic. 
 
 There is a class of unfortunates in this and in other 
 literary countries, who, although blest with undoubted 
 genius, are compelled by Fate and Publishers to 
 blossom once a month. They are known by Gods and 
 
8 Fm-GREEys HALLECK. 
 
 Men as Magazine critics. They are the Euclids of 
 imaginative composition, and reduce every thing in 
 the sphere of fancy to a demonstration. Twelve 
 times a year do these "inglorious Miltons" appear 
 upon the surface of the earth. Twelve times a year 
 are they quietly buried. 
 
 As time rolls on, Posterity rakes among the 
 ashes of the Past for some live coals of genius, but 
 it never disturbs the dust of critics. A magazine a 
 month old is very old indeed. It is true, that some 
 undiscriminating persons invoke the aid of the book 
 binder, and preserve these volumes, persons with 
 palatial residences, and a yawning chaos of shelves in 
 that part of the mansion which the architect has set 
 apart as The Library. Its lower rounds are filled 
 with standard works ; and then the Magazines, in rich 
 bindings, are high uplifted above the topmost round 
 of the library-ladder. There in dust and cobwebs 
 row on row the serried volumes stand ! never to 
 *be disturbed except by the Auctioneer. 
 
 Prominent among the contributors to these luckless 
 volumes are the literary critics. They vainly imagine 
 that they have been hewing their way to the fore 
 most rank in public opinion. 15y detracting from 
 the reputation of those who have earned their bitter 
 laurels amidst toil, and poverty, and privation they 
 presume that the path to that glorious Temple is open 
 and secure to them. It is a most unfortunate mis 
 take. The true path for an American author to take 
 is not to under-ratc " Fanny * or the " Croaker?," not 
 to show how " Alnwick Castle " or "Marco Bozzaris n 
 might have been improved, if the creator of these 
 
A MEMORIAL. 9 
 
 poems bad only been instructed properly in metre 
 by the modest reviewer, but to write a poem equal 
 to any of them. That there are faults in these compo 
 sitions may be true. But we may as well remember 
 also, that although a thousand nameless architects 
 have written essays to show how the Leaning Tower 
 of Pisa should have l>ecn built, it still continues to 
 hold its reputation as one of the Seven Wonders of 
 the world, and still continue* to lean. 
 
 Pardon this digression, and let me return to the 
 direct path. 
 
 " The Evening Twilight of the Heart," an exquisite 
 poem, was published in the Evening Post, in Octo 
 ber, 1818. Bryant's " Thanatopsis" preceded this 
 poem two years. 
 
 These we may call the corner-stones of American 
 Poetry, hewn from the native quarry. 
 
 But the first efforts of genius do not always invoke 
 the dear delightful responses of applauding thou 
 sands. Those who toil in the republic of letters 
 often waste the midnight sweat of the brow in vain ; 
 at least, many years elapse before they are recog 
 nized. 
 
 Bryant's " Thanatopsis," and I falleck's "Twilight 
 of the Heart," fell dead upon the public ear; for po 
 etic taste had as yet been little cultivated in our 
 country, forty years ago. 
 
 It is true that Philip Freneau, that brave old son 
 of New York ! had written some admirable poems 
 during the Revolutionary war, some lines of which 
 Byron, Campbell, and Scott did not hesitate to 
 appropriate. 
 
10 FmQRXEsrx HALLECK. 
 
 M The Boater and the Deer, * shade," 
 
 was adopted by Campbell, 
 
 She wlk* the water 8k ft thing of Uf," 
 
 was gathered under the wing of Byron. 
 
 And Sir Walter Scott, in the introduction to the 
 Third Canto of Marmion, made use of a striking 
 image of our poet. Scott's lines are : 
 
 "When PHI*,!* harried to the field 
 And snatched the fpcarbut left tb shield.* 
 
 But in Freneau's poem on the battle of Eutair, he 
 says: 
 
 "They saw tbeir injured country** woe, 
 
 The flaming tovn*, the wasted fields, 
 They rushed to meet th* insulting foe. 
 They took the ptar but left the shield." 
 
 It is pleasing to recall these few lines of an ancient 
 Knickerbocker poet. They are perhaps the only lines 
 that were ever stolen in those days by eminent Brit 
 ish authors, from this side of the Atlantic. 
 
 But the ode "To Ennui," published in the N. Y. 
 Evening Post, March 10th, 1810, and written by 
 another Knickerbocker poet, Dr. Joseph Hodman 
 Drake, and signed u Croaker," was the spark that 
 first fired the poetic train in America. This was 
 followed the next day by another playful strain from 
 the same pen, entitled " On prettiiting the Freedom 
 of tie City in a Gold Box to a great General? the 
 great General being Andrew Jackson, afterwards 
 President of the United States, as some of the oldest 
 members of the Historical Society may remember. 
 On the very next day appeared the " Secret Jfine" 
 
 
A MEMORIAL. 11 
 
 alluding to the toast of General Jackson at the Tain- 
 many Dinner ; on the next day appeared the tt Epittle 
 to Mr. Potter, tfo Vtntriloquitt ; " on the next day, 
 " T/te Lattery War? all written by Dr. Drake ; and 
 on the same day (the 15th of ^larch), Halleck's Ad 
 dress to Mr. Simpson, then manager of the old Park 
 Theatre, signed Croaker, jr., and on the day after that, 
 Drake's invitation to his unknown rival, proposing 
 to make a pcetical firm, as appears by the well- 
 known verses : 
 
 TO CROAKER, JR. 
 
 M Tour Land, in j dear Junior ! we're all in a flame 
 
 To KM? a few more of your flashes ! 
 The Croaken for ever ! I'm proud of the name, 
 But brother, I fear, though our cause i* the nine, 
 We altall quarrel like ttrutus and Cataiu*. 
 
 " But why should we do eo ! 'Us false what they teO, 
 
 That poets ran never be cronies ; 
 Vnbuckle your harness, in peace let us dwell, 
 Our goose-quilts will canter together as well 
 As a pair oi Prime's mouse-colored ponies. 
 
 * Once blended in M .int. well make our appeal, 
 
 And by law be incorporate too ; 
 Apply for a charter in crackers to deal, 
 A fly-flapper rampant shall fhine on our seal, 
 
 And the firm shall be Croaker & Co. 
 
 Fun ! prosper the Union smile, Fate, on iU birth; 
 
 Miss Atropoc, shut up your scbeors; 
 Together well range through the regions of mirth, 
 A pair of bright Gemini, dropt on the earth, 
 
 The Castor and Pollux of quixze.-a." 
 
 IB this local ? The only allusion in it to New York, 
 is Prime's mouse-colored ponies. But the head of 
 the firm of Prime, Ward fc King, famous bankers in 
 
12 FmGRERy* HALI.BCK. 
 
 those days, would Lave no objection for his name to 
 be sent down to posterity in a note, in the appendix 
 to this moat musical poem. 
 
 As I have said before, the first Croaker paper was 
 published in the Evening Post, MarchHtOtb, 1S19^__ 
 The epistle rt To Croaker, Junior,' 1 saw the light on 
 the 1 Oth of the same month. But besides these daily 
 contributions to the Post, Drake had written a poem, 
 and Hallcck had written another, for the Ifationttl 
 A<h'ocatc, a newspaper edited by Major Noah, and 
 both poems were published within the time in 
 which the Croakers appeared in the Post. I mean 
 to say, that in six days Ilalleck aud Drake had 
 written ten poems ; and in those six days they had 
 made the most conspicuous mark in American poetry. 
 
 AVhen we examine these light satires, we find 
 them by no means trilling. They are like the 
 Italian chain-mail, delicate in fabric, but imper 
 vious to assault. The versification is as various as it 
 is melodious. They are still read with delight, and 
 I may add, that their spirit, their wit, their fancy, 
 their clan, has not been equalled in this country. 
 
 Edgar A. Poe, whose versification has placed him 
 somewhere in the ranks of poets, says, " that the po 
 litical and personal features of these jciu*-<rej/rit 
 gave them a consequence to which they arc enti 
 tled on no other account." Other critics of less 
 note urge, that, as they are merely local poems, 
 they have lived their little life, and will be quietly 
 forgotten, when the actors whose deeds they com 
 memorate have passed from the scene. But there 
 are others who do not agree with Mr. Poe and 
 
A MEMORIAL* 13 
 
 his followers. They think that, with age, the Croak 
 ers will acquire a greater value, that a hundred 
 years hence they will be more appreciated than they 
 are now. 
 
 In regard to the oft-repeated saying that these 
 are only local satires, I may observe, that all satire, 
 to be effective, must be directed at individuals, and 
 individuals in particular localities. There are scores 
 of satires launched against abstractions, an Ode to 
 Avarice here, a satire against Ambition there, and so 
 forth. But Juiiius, and Swift, and Butler, and Dryden, 
 Pope and Burns, and Byron and Churchill, selected 
 their victims from living men, and preserved their 
 otherwise anonymous names in an immortality of dam 
 nation. 
 
 It is the divine mission of the poet to give 
 
 " to airy nothing* 
 
 A, lofal habitation and a nam. w 
 
 The solitary traveller upon the frontiers of civiliza 
 tion, in Montana, or Colorado, approaches a log- 
 cabin ; and from the sound of voices within it, he 
 learns, perhaps for the first time, that there is a 
 river in Scotland called the " Boon," which he never 
 would have known, if Burns had not written of 
 its bonny banks and braes. I wish we had some 
 local poets, that could tell us of Powles' Hook, and 
 Washington Heights, and Stony Point, and all the 
 glorious points of historical interest on the Hudson. 
 
 44 Vainly had Concord mourned Its early dead. 
 Vainly bad Charlettown burned and Warren bled. 
 Or Guilford** loss or Trenton'* capture been ; 
 EuUw' red flood ; or Monmouth'* trampled green : 
 
14 FmGREmm HALLECK. 
 
 Had the prood Hudson from her errfe port* 
 Quenched the lone splendor of her beacon torch, 
 Yielded the trust her sister States consigned, 
 And lost, Uh Arnold, hope for human kind.** 
 
 The number of Croaker poems collected and pub* 
 lished by the Bradford Club is fifty. Some of them 
 did not appear with the original papers, but have 
 been interpolated in this edition. 
 
 Mr. Ilalleck told me, that after Drake's proposal 
 to make a poetical firm, many of the Croaker pa 
 pers were written in this wise, lie, or Drake, would 
 furnish a draft of the poem, and that one or the 
 other would suggest any alteration or enlargement of 
 the idea; a closer clipping of the wings of fancy ; a 
 little epigrammatic spur upon the heel of a line. 
 
 I doubt very much whether I have a right to dis 
 close the method by which Poets work in their work 
 shops, but as I am only repeating Halleck's ideas, I 
 hold it to be no base betrayal of the craft. To show 
 how delightful these joint labors were, to both these 
 illustrious men, Ilalleck told me that, upon one oc 
 casion, Drake, after writing sr. me stanzas and getting 
 the ;roof from the printer, laid his cheek down 
 upon the lines he had written, and looking at 1m fel 
 low-poet, with beaming eyes, said, " O, Ilalleck, isn't 
 this happiness ! " 
 
 Mr. Ilalkek rarely spoke of his own productions 
 indeed, he seemed to think very lightly of them. 
 Yet he had an unbounded admiration for Drake. 
 Drake, on the other hand, did not think his own 
 poems worth publishing or acknowledging. One day, 
 on my speaking of " Fanny " to Mr. Ilalleck, he said, 
 " Ah, I do not pride myself upon any thing in it except 
 
15 
 
 the quotation. You know the snbject is not elevated. 
 The story of a bankrupt, retail dry-goods merchant 
 is not a poetical theme. But the motto is the very 
 opposite of snch a story, and therein lies the wit. 
 
 Of tone gaj creatures of the element*, 
 That In the colon of the rainbow lire, 
 Ami play in the plighted clouds. 
 
 Notwithstanding Hallcck's reticence in regard to 
 his own poems, he always delighted to talk of the 
 poetry of other authors. He had committed to mem 
 ory many of Campbell's poems, and his comments 
 upon certain passages that he quoted were wonder 
 fully acute and elucidative. Hohenlinden vn* one of 
 his favorites. 
 
 M * On Linden, when the ran was low, 
 All Uoodleu lay the untrodden snow.' 
 
 a There," he would say, "I defy any painter to paint 
 that landscape ! The poet in one word, Uoodlw^ 
 anticipates the coming struggle, the clash of men and 
 arms, the blood-stained field that is to be, the tram 
 pled snow, and in his prophetic vision he paints it all 
 in a word. 
 
 " And now see how the armies are marshalled ! 
 Not by generals and adjutants, but by a supernatural 
 drum at midnight! An inferior poet would have put 
 all the officers in, pioneers and all aids and order 
 lies, to summon the armies to battle, but Campbell 
 only uses a drum ! 
 
 - * Hut Mudon taw another tight, 
 
 When the dna* beat at dead of night, 
 Commanding frt* ofdemA to liyki 
 The darkness of the scenery ! 
 
16 FmGRBENE HALLECK. 
 
 44 And Low are these armies brought into line ? 
 By officers of squadrons or battalions I No ! but by 
 other, supernatural agents 
 
 * By torth and tntmptt, tut arrayed. 
 Each horseman drew hi* battle-blade.' 
 
 By the drum, by torch, and by tnnnpet, the deadly 
 conflict is invoked, and the jfri* of death light up the 
 vivid scenery." 
 
 His admiration of Wordsworth was very great. 
 In a letter written some years ago, he says, " I am 
 delighted to agree with you in your estimation of 
 Wordsworth's poetry. His line, 
 
 * lligh in the brcntJ.hu hall the minstrel tate," 
 
 is the perfection of art, or rather of the attribute." 
 
 Of Jane Ingclow he says, in another letter, "She 
 has the faculty divine, and when she ceases to imitate 
 Tennyson, will be worth her weight in gold. At 
 present her lines are beautiful perplexities, and her 
 philosophy is like the Irishman's pony, hard to catch, 
 and worih little when you have caught him." Of 
 Sydney Smith lie said, "His style is so jxrfect that you 
 cannot substitute a word in place of one of his own, 
 without damaging the force of the sentence." His ad 
 miration of Bryant was not less sincere. At the time 
 when he was prostrated by sickness at Bixby's Hotel, * 
 in 18GO, he repeated some lines of Bryant'*, just pub 
 lished in Putnam's Magazine, with tears in his eyes, 
 and said, "There, now, there is nothing better in the 
 whole range of poetry than that! " At. another time, 
 upon mentioning Stratford-upon-Avon to him, ho 
 threw up his hands in admiration, "Stratford!" he s 
 
A MEMORIAL. 17 
 
 paid-" Did you see Stratford ? the loveliest spot of 
 English scenery! It is the very place, in all England, 
 where Shakespeare should lie. Was he not fortunate, 
 to have such a place to repose in? What is a monu 
 ment in Westminster Abbey compared with that I 
 It is the very place for a poet to take his last rest. 
 Shakespeare's grave, and the account of the burial of 
 Torn Campbell, touched me more than any thing else 
 in England." 
 
 lie always expressed a great admiration for Char 
 lotte Bronte. Upon my telling him, some years ago, 
 that I had not read Jane Eyre, he said, a Thank God, 
 I have got that advantage.** In another letter he 
 says, ** Have you read the 'Bucktail Bards,' a very 
 able and amusing work that appeared in 1810 or '20 ? 
 If not, you will thank me for referring you to it, as a 
 treasure of a book. Our friend Mr. Verplanck knows 
 more about its author or authors than I do. (I may 
 remark, enjxitxant, that Mr. Verplanck and Judge 
 Duer were the reputed authors of this rare book). I 
 wish particularly to call your attention to an imita 
 tion of Coleridge contained in it one of the best 
 things, in its way, ever printed." In another letter, 
 speaking of Mr. Verplanck, he says, " I wish you would 
 prevail upon him to gather together the scattered- 
 abroad children of bis pen. As American specimens 
 of English literature, his writings are proof that the 
 waters of the well of English undefiled, can be dnmk 
 here in all their purity." He paid a very high compli 
 ment to the young author of Baby Bell. He says in a 
 note to me, " I am happy to agree with you in your esti 
 mate of the young poet He is much more than promb- 
 
18 Fm-GREEyx HALLECK. 
 
 ing, and I hope you will persuade him to work on." 
 lie speaks of Tennyson's " Maud " in another part of 
 tlie same letter : 
 
 " I find much in ' Maud ' to admire, both in the old 
 and the ne\v sense of the word, and love and cherish. 
 Bat it must be owned that many of the lines are with 
 out Itoofc or fait, and many of the ideas would pass 
 for nonsense at every toll-gate in criticism. Still, 
 there is so much peculiarly Tennyson's own in it, 
 in form and fancy, that we willingly tramp over its 
 long beach of sand to gather his grains of gold, and 
 shells and pebbles of beauty. For instance, 
 
 4 the cobweb woven aero** the caution** throat, 
 Shall shake iU threadtd ttart in the wind uo more.* 
 
 Threaded tears ! How true and Tennysoniau ! " Of 
 Burns he said, "There was a speech made at the 
 Burns festival, in which the speaker called Burns a 
 man of the million. Xow the fact is, Bums was not 
 a man of ///> million, but a man of a million, and in 
 this case the indefinite article is of greater value than 
 the definite. 9 * 
 
 Upon the same occasion he referred to one or two 
 luckless orators, who, in attempting to eulogize a man 
 ; whose genius they did not comprehend, fell into some 
 ludicrous mistakes. In alluding to this he said, "Poor 
 Burns ! he belonged to the militia, and his last dying 
 request was, 4 Don't let the awkward squad fire over 
 my grave.' The other night, at that dinner, the awk 
 ward squad were firing away over his gravo just as 
 hard as ever." In his opinion, Faulconbridge in King 
 John was Shakespeare's greatest creation the most 
 
 
A IfKXORIAL. 19 
 
 | 
 
 truthful, ehivalric, and original. Upon one occasion 
 Halleck told me that he had not received over a 
 thousand dollars in all his life, for all his writings. 
 This was before he had received the handsome sum of 
 five hundred dollars from Mr. Bonner, of the "Ledg 
 er," for Young America. " My first publisher failed," 
 said he, ** and this deterred me from venturing upon a 
 literary life, and placed me in a counting-room.'" 
 
 He had a qm*i admiration for lecturers. " I was in 
 New Haven the other day, r Halleck said, lifting his 
 hat with that deferential air which always made a 
 point in his discourses, " I was in New Haven, and you 
 know that New Haven is to Connecticut, what Bos 
 ton is to Massachusetts the intellectual centre of the 
 State. The ladies of New H.iven are highly educated, 
 literary women, and as charming as any ladies can 
 IKJ anywhere. Well, one of these charming ladies 
 said to me, 'Oh, Mr. Halleck ! you should have been 
 here a few evenings ago ! We had such a delightful 
 time! Mr. Curtis was here, and he gave us a lecture 
 upon Sydney Smith. It was an evening to be re 
 membered a perfect feast of good things, and we 
 listened to every word that dropped from his lips as 
 if they were perfect pearls.'" And here Halleck, lift 
 ing his hat, as if he were addressing the lady in 
 question, said, " Curtis is a very promising, good fel 
 low ; perhaps sometime hereafter he may make his 
 mark; but pray tell me, which Sydney Smith was 
 the subject of the lecture?- Was it the hero of St. 
 Jean d* Acre, or the eminent clergyman of the Edin 
 burgh Review, the Dean of St. Paul'*, and the wit, 
 whose writings are so celebrated ? Upon which," said 
 
20 Fm-GRERSB JlAU.KCK. 
 
 Halleck, with that familiar roll of the Bat, "the lady 
 hesitated, dropped her eyca, and replied, * Mr. llalleck, 
 I do not know which of them it wan, but I know it 
 was one of tit w? And so," said Jlalleck, u I took some 
 pains to inquire, and I found out that the lecture was 
 not about either of the Sydney Smiths, but a lecture 
 on Sir Philip Sydney." 
 
 Halleck's admiration of the genius of Byron was 
 such as only a poet can appreciate^ " You know," said 
 he, u that Shakespeare has said, in King John, 
 
 * To pild refined jrold, to paint th lilt. 
 To Oi row a iH-rfumc on the violet. 
 To smooth the ice, or add another huo 
 I'uto the rniiilio,c>r 'uh taper-light 
 To xcck the bcauteou* *; of Hcarcn to jraruUh, 
 I* wasteful and ridiculous CXCVM ;* 
 
 but Byron has gilt refined gold and added a perfume 
 to the violet ; he has thrown a charm over the sculp 
 tures of ancient Greece and Rome : in the dying 
 gladiator, he recalls the 'bought* of 'his young 
 barbarians there at play upon the banks of the fur-oft* 
 Danube;' and again, too, 'the goddess lives in stone;* 
 what a line that is ! and over all the structures on 
 the castellated Rhine, over Italy, Spain, and ancient 
 and modern Europe, he has added a charm to art, 
 and thrown a perfume on the violets of history, with 
 out * wasteful or ridiculous excess.' When you go 
 to Rome, when you travel up the Rhine, take Childe 
 Ilarold with you." 
 
 If Halleck did not have a great admiration of 
 publishers and booksellers, perhap* it sprung from 
 the tuition of his commercial life. lie said to me one 
 day, u The best part of my life was spent in a count- 
 
21 
 
 ing-room. I know what ' account-sales ' means* and I 
 never could get an * account-sales' from my publishers.* 
 
 Upon one occasion, when I met him in the 
 magnificent bookstore of one of the prominent pub 
 lishers, and the principal of the firm was present, he 
 said, with that familiar lifting of the hat, after the 
 few preliminary remarks, "By the way, do you 
 remember the story of Dr. Samuel Johnson dining 
 falrind the #crtii? It is related that Dr. Johnson 
 was invited by his publisher to diue with him, at the 
 great table, when all the big wigs were to lx present. 
 But Dr. Johnson declined, und took his dinner in 
 quiet, behind a screen. The common story is, that 
 Johnson excused himself, because his clothes were 
 too shabby to appear before such high company. 
 That is a historical mistake; Dr. Johnson, by his 
 learning, by his genius, by his intellectual birth-gift, 
 was a gentleman ; and as a gentleman, he would not 
 dine with a publisher!" 
 
 "When he was sitting to Elliott for his portrait, 
 the latter said to him, "Mr. Ilalleek, when you were 
 in England, you no doubt saw some of the eminent 
 poets whom you admire so much, how did you like 
 Wordsworth 2" "I did not see him," was the reply. 
 44 Well, of course you saw your favorite Campbell ? " 
 a No, I did not see Campbell." u Indeed ! but you saw- 
 Tom Moore I " " No, I did not see any of them. In 
 fact, I was like Scott's stupid boy. lie went to his 
 father and said, 'Father, I would like to travel through 
 Europe to see the world, and I want you to supply 
 me with the necessary funds for the purpose.' Upon 
 which his father replied, * What you desire is very 
 
22 Fm-OnKEys HALLECK. 
 
 praiseworthy, and a creditable ambition worthy of a 
 young man, and I would furnish you tbe means, did I 
 not think your desire to see the world is not so great 
 as my disinclination to have tie world see you. 1 I 
 went," said Ilalleck, u to see the world, not to let the 
 world see me/* (It must be remembered that Ilalleck 
 visited Europe in 182 ft, before he was generally 
 known as a writer.) Then he added, " If I went 
 abroad now, I would have different ideas. If those 
 great poets were living, I should like to sec them all.'* 
 
 When he heard that Browning, the poet, was 
 married to Miss Elizabeth Barrett, he said, " Ah, I am 
 glad of it they will be able to understand each 
 other." 
 
 lie told an anecdote of Tom Moore and a Yankee 
 lx>atman, one day, in illustration of a poet's fume : 
 
 Where'er beneath the sk j of Heaven, 
 
 The bird* of fame have flown. 
 
 It seems the author of the tt Melodic*/* during a 
 visit to America, had hired a boatman to convey him 
 aero** Lake Ontario, from Lewisburg to Toronto. 
 When they reached the latter place, Moore pulled out 
 his purse to pay the fare, when the boatman, laying 
 his hand upon the poet's wrist, said, u Not a cent from 
 you, Tom Moore ! " " Why,**' said Moore, surprised, 
 u how did you know my name?" "Oh!" said the 
 boatman, U I read it on your trunk; and me, and my 
 wife, and my children, all know your Melodies by 
 heart, and we sing 'em too, and do you think I'd take 
 a cent from you, Toin Moore I ** "It was the first time 
 in my life," said Moore, " that I ever felt the fuluess of 
 
A MEMORIAL. 23 
 
 fame; it wan the greatest compliment ever paid me 
 in my life !" 
 
 There is DO book like the Old Testament for 
 poetry. "Study th ancient Hebrew," lie wculd say, 
 tt These be thy Gods, O Israel ! w 
 
 He was annoyed at carping critics, who found 
 fault with Irving'* Knickerbocker's History of New 
 York. 4t There was no lxx)k like it ; it was the only 
 original book of the kind. A travestie of history ! a 
 travestie of what history! It is original, and full of 
 Irving's genius. Historians are great pilferers from 
 one another. A short time ago, I read a history of 
 the siege of Quebec, in which the author stated that 
 during the siege they drew the cannon on a *&</, and 
 a short time after, I read a description of the same 
 event by another historian, which is word for word 
 like the other one, except that he says they drew the 
 cannon on a dulye. Now, there is history for you I 
 Byron has given a good description of a historian. 
 He says that Mitford is just what a historian ought ta 
 be. He is full of wrath and partiality ! M 
 
 When lie liked a poem lie would copy it off, and 
 get it by heart, He once gave mo a JKKJIII, " The- 
 Death of Jacob," an Oxford prize poem, in seventy- 
 seven stanzas*, of four lines each, with notes, which he 
 had copied from LittelFs Living Age. He told me once^ 
 that he never put pen to paper until he had finished 
 the verse. lie always composed while walking, 
 roaming about the streets of New York, generally at 
 night 
 
 While Hicks was painting his portrait, he saiil,." I 
 see he has caught that peculiar expression of my 
 
24 Fm-GREXXB HALLKCK. 
 
 month, which some of my friends 9217 is like Voltaire a, 
 half smile, half sneer." 
 
 In many a past lionr of uninterrupted intercourse 
 with him, he never spoke of his own writing?, nor al- 
 1'idcd to them. If the subject wa* introduced, he 
 managed to turn the conversation to some other topic. 
 
 I shall not venture upon a review of his writings, 
 but will content myself with alluding to some of the 
 opinions of his contemporaries as to his literary merits. 
 James Fenimore Cooper called him u the admirable 
 Cioaker," and both he and Washington Irving always 
 spoke of him in warm terras of admiration. Perhaps 
 the most gratifying tribute paid to him was by Mr. 
 Bryant, many years ago, in the New York Mirror, 
 from which I beg leave to quote a few. lines : 
 
 " His poetry, whether serious or sprightly, is re 
 markable for the melody of its numbers. It is not 
 the melody of monotonous and strictly regular meas 
 urement. His verse is constructed to please an ear 
 naturally fine, and accustomed to a range of metrical 
 modulation. 11 
 
 Edgar A. Poe, in rather a harsh criticism upon 
 his writings, says : " Personally, he is a man to l>e 
 admired, respected, but more especially beloved. 
 His address has nil the captivating lonJioinmie which 
 is the leading feature of his poetry, and, indeed, of 
 his whole moral nature. "With his friends he is all 
 ardor, enthusiasm, and cordiality ; but to the world at 
 large he is reserved, shunning society, into which he 
 is seduced only with difficulty, and upon rare occa- 
 ns." 
 
 Miss Mitford, in her Recollections of a Literary Life, 
 
A MEMORIAL. 25 
 
 pays him a very high compliment, and quotes his 
 " Young Thoughts have Music in them," from Fanny, 
 and his lines to Drake. 
 
 Samncl Rogers, writing to Irving, in 1837, says: 
 44 With Mr. IlalleckV Poems I was already acquaint 
 ed, particularly with the first two in the volume, and 
 I cannot say how much J admired them always. 
 They are better than any thing we can do, just now, 
 on our side the Atlantic. I hope he will not be idle, 
 but continue long to delight us. "When he comes 
 here ngain, h.c must not content himself with looking 
 on the outside of my house, as I am told he did once, 
 but knock and ring, and ask for me, as for an old ac 
 quaintance. I should say, indeed, if I am here to be 
 found ; for if he or you, my dear friend, delay your 
 coming much longer, I shall have no hope of seeing 
 cither of you on this side the grave." 
 
 Rogers always spoke of Ilalleck, whenever his 
 name was mentioned, in terms of highest praise. In 
 the Messrs. Duyckinek's Cyclopaedia of American Lit 
 erature, there is a fine appreciative notice of him, 
 which I would gladly quote if time would permit; and 
 the article contributed by Mr. James Lawson, of this 
 city, to the Southern Literary Messenger, November 
 2.5th, 1843, although written with great cordiality, 
 does not award to Mr. Ilalleck as high a position as 
 he deserves. It is not assuming too much to say, that 
 Ilalleck, in his line, has not been approached yet by 
 any one in this country, and that his line is a very 
 noble one indeed. 
 
 There is one error in regard to Fanny, which 
 should be corrected. It is generally said of it, that it 
 
26 FlTZ-GnEBXR IlALLECK. 
 
 is an imitation of Don Joan. Now, if yon tarn to 
 Murray's edition of Byron's works, yon will find that 
 the first part of Don Juan was published in London 
 in 1819, and if you turn to the edition of "Fanny," 
 printed in 1839, you will see that it is reprinted from 
 the edition of 1821, which had been enlarged and re 
 printed from the original edition of 1819. So that 
 u Fanny" was published in the same year with Don 
 Juan, and, of course, could not Le an imitation. In 
 fact, Mr. Ilaileck told me that " Fanny " was pub 
 lished before Don Juan had crossed the Atlantic, aud 
 that he had adopted the versification of Beppo, one 
 of Byron's miuor poems. But the story of Beppo is 
 entirely different from either Fanny or Don Juan. 
 
 The last effort of Ilulleck is, I believe, a little epi 
 grammatic quatrain, which he handed me one day. 
 It was written in a lady's album : 
 
 * AH honor to woman, tb tweet-heart, the wife, 
 
 The delight of the firetide by night and by day, 
 Who never docs any thing wrong in her life, 
 Except when permitted to have her own way." 
 
 Mr. President, and fellow-members of the His 
 torical Society : I cculd employ your time for some 
 hours longer upon this interesting theme, but the 
 hour allotted to me has expired, and I must close 
 with a brief personal sketch of the subject of this 
 memorial 
 
 Mr. Ilaileck was of medium stature; his real 
 height was probably five feet nine inches, although a 
 slight inclination of the body forward, in what might 
 be called a deferential attitude, made him appear less 
 tall than he really was. He was always scrupulously 
 
27 
 
 neat in his dress and person never over-dressed and 
 his manners were equally plain and unpretending. 
 He was totally devoid of affectation, and although shy 
 of strangers, at times, yet this quality, springing as it 
 did from an innate modesty, united with the most 
 perfect good-breeding, seemed rather to set him oft 
 among strangers, and make them feel more at home 
 in his society than if he had been over-courteous or 
 over-familiar. I remember, upon one occasion, when 
 I had introduced him to a very talkative publisher, 
 who said, " Have I, at last, the pleasure of taking the 
 great Mr. Halleck by the hand? an honor I have 
 coveted ever since I was a boy, and got his poems by 
 heart," and more of that sort, that Halleck became 
 suddenly very deaf, put his hand to his ear to try to 
 make out what was said to him, and with a sad, puzzled 
 expression on his face, shook his head as if it said, Dear 
 me, I can't hear a word of all this, what a pity ! and 
 yet all this was done in such a kindly, gentlemanly 
 way, that it gave no offence to the person addressing 
 him. He was always scrupulously correct in hLs deal, 
 ings, no matter how trifling, and practised the greatest 
 economy, so as to preserve his independence. He 
 often used to refer to the fact that Bums, poor as he 
 was, and a poet to boot, died without owing any oue 
 a single penny. 
 
 u Through care ami pain, and want and voe, 
 With wound* that only death can heal 
 Torture*- the poor, alone, can know. 
 The proud, alone, can Ted, 
 
 He kept hi* honest r and truth, 
 
 II u independent tongue and pen. 
 And moved in manhood, as in youth, 
 
 Pride of hi* fellow-mcn.- 
 
28 Fm&RERys HALLECK. 
 
 In fact, Halleck's admiration of Bums, as a poet, 
 was second only to his admiration of him as a man. 
 
 There was always a faint touch of punctilious po 
 liteness lingering about Ilalleck, such as we might 
 imasnne characterized the old French nott&te in 
 
 o 
 
 their exile, and this accompanied with a never-fail 
 ing loHltommit) a gentleness of manner, that even in 
 his old age made women lib friends and children 
 his companions. But the real characteristics of our 
 dear friend apj>eared, when he was talking with some 
 congenial companion about the great poets he loved, 
 with all the fervor of his soul. Then the doinous 
 head would seem to have gathered electric fire 
 from the words that poured from his heart, the 
 branching veins on his temples would suddenly 
 shoot out, and swell, and enlarge. Then his blue 
 eyes would dart out gleams of intellectual light, 
 the projecting lower jaw would tremble with pas 
 sion, the lips would quiver, one hand would pound 
 another with expressive vehemence, and the foot, not 
 less expressive, would respond, and when the heroic 
 sentiment was reached, or pathos had carried all be 
 fore it, then the voice would falter, the eyes fill, and 
 you felt that the spell of living geniua was upon you. 
 It has been often said, that Ilalleck'* poems ex 
 hibit great artifice in their construction, and show the 
 clearness and polish of laborious composition. This is 
 partly true, but scarcely any pott knew better than 
 lie how to reach the highest art of all the art of 
 concealing art. Like tho Sculptor in Schiller's poem 
 of tho Ideal and the Actual, lie knew how to use his 
 implements. 
 
A MEMORIAL. 29 
 
 When through dead MOM to breath* a mri fUgirt. 
 With the dull marble to unite 
 
 The kindling geulu*, some great sculptor glow* ; 
 Behold him training; every nerve intent. 
 Behold how, oVr the subject-element. 
 
 The stately thought with march laborious goes! 
 For never, MVC to toil untiling, rpoke 
 
 The un tiling Truth from her mjrteriou* well 
 The statue only to the chisel'* stroke, 
 
 Wake* from it* marble cell. 
 
 M But onward, to the sphere of beauty, go 
 Onward, O Child of Art! and, lo, 
 
 Out of the matter which thy pain* control 
 The statue springs ! not as with labor wrung. 
 From the hard block, but as from nothing sprung. 
 
 Airy and light the offspring of the soul ! 
 The pangs, the care*, the weary toil* it cost. 
 
 Leave not a trace when once the work is done ' 
 .-. The artut's human frailt y merged and lost, 
 
 In Art** great victory wou ! " 
 
 The lost poem of any lengtli that Halleek wrote 
 was entitled Young America, a war-lyric, published 
 in the u New York Ledger," in 18G4. It is a spirited 
 production, with many very beautiful lines, whose 
 music recalls some of liis earliest and best verses. 
 
 I could interpolate hero many characteristic anec 
 dotes of Ilalleck, but time warns me that I must con 
 clude. In one of the last letters I received from him, he 
 spoke of Mr. James II. Ilackett, and proposed coming 
 to the city especially to see him, and have a chat with 
 him. It was prej>osed by Mr. Ilackett to invite 
 Mr. Ilullcck, Mr. Verplanck, and one or two other 
 old friends to meet together, and have a good old- 
 fashioned dinner. Hallcck used to say, u Pretty much 
 all my old friends are gone except Bryant, Verplanck, 
 and myself, we are the last of the cocked hats." But 
 
30 Fin-QREBKB UALLECK. 
 
 the projected dinner was unhappily interrupted by 
 the decease of the poet, in whose honor it was in 
 tended to be given. I met Mr. Hackett and MR 
 Verplanck, and agreed upon the day when I was to 
 notify Ilalleck and an hour after that meeting, I 
 hoard the t*ad newt* of liU death. 
 
 I now have the honor to introduce Mr. Duyckinck, 
 the Chairman of th'w Committee, who will read the 
 resolution* hu han prepared. 
 
 Mr. Di'vcKiNX'K theitMijKm Hubimtted tho follow 
 ing resolutions, which were adopted unanimously : 
 
 j;<Kjlr1. That the Member* of tlilt Society. In common with their 
 fcltawTitijecn* and country men, cxproM tho ikjmw of the lo which 
 America ha* mintalned In tho dvath of KITX-CIM:KNR II AM r.< K. 
 
 7*W*v7, That while knowing tho author and paying that tribute of 
 heartfelt admiration of hi* genii;* nn a poet, which had been ever AC* 
 corded by all aciiuaintl with !U writing, wo cherUh the recollection 
 of hU |>crsonal worth and amiability of character, the charm of hif en* 
 livened ronvcreation, and tho grace which hU pretence imi>nrtcd to 
 -Kvnl life. 
 
 7A*./rr</, Tliul Wy. Cri.i.KX HIIYANT, the Hfe-lonK friend of the poet, 
 be Invittsl to prepare n mcmorinl pa|>cr on the life and |{i*niu of Kit/.- 
 (Jrcone HnlUsk, to he reiul before thin Hoclvty at a pcvlitl meeting, to 
 be held fur that jmrj>o*v. 
 
 J!<.ilrrJ, Thnt wo e\pre our nympathy with the mirvlvinif nMor 
 of our dcccattd friend, In the aftllotion which ho ban ui>tlned In being 
 deprived of her beloved brother and companion of many year*. 
 
 HtuJrtJ, Thnt a ci-rtified copy of those Itcaolutlona b communU 
 cated to MUn Halleek. 
 
 Previously to offering the resolutions, Mr. Duyck- 
 inck presented the following communication relating 
 to Mr. Ilalleck, which he had received, as Chairman 
 of the Committee, from Mr. Frederic de Peyster. 
 
A MEMORIAL. 31 
 
 76 UnraaiTT PLACE, Jim wry T, 1868. 
 Erarr X DCTCKDTCK, ESQ. 
 
 Mr DBA* SIR, Hie anxieties of * tick-room bar* prevented my 
 attempting a thoughtful description of the traits of character which dis 
 tinguished the late FITZ-GBEEXE UALLECK, as gathered from his works 
 and HIT personal acquaintance with him. 
 
 I well remember when tho Croaltn first appeared. Xew York was 
 then of limited extent in compnriiton with iu present expansion. It* 
 social circle wn mmill Indeed in contrant with 1(4 prcftctit lUbeMiko 
 popnl'itl./n, nfar 'Mho roiifoiind'ii n ' of language." 
 
 Ho at onre took tho town by utorm, by hU pitrkling wit, gvnlal 
 humor, pruccful and cu-y vvmiiirittiun, Miiicitt satire, and happy alia- 
 nloii*. Thou rame Ihel'ovt's "Fanny ;** whvti hU jiopiilarity Uvuue 
 uiit>oiin<U<d, i n.1, with nn alteration or two, a lino tf hi own U%t d- 
 M-rlla-* tlif ^vueral villnu-nt - 
 
 Nun* ium*4 klra tut to |*W * 
 
 In IHICCCM on followed hin other and equally tnccc*ful publications. 
 The jNipul!.r feeling roite to ontliuimim, and has never nuUl Iel. He b 
 one of tho (Mutt riiiui tuen of our country, with a name and fme Im- 
 
 Others will analyze and |x>rtray the rharacteritio feature* of the 
 Poet*s mind, and of his justly-earned and wcll-t>utaincd celebrity fur* 
 nUh a faithful and merited delineation. 
 
 I POMI from the well-remembered c? ne* of my youth, and of HAL- 
 I.BCK in the airoitiliint, to tho day* when, In a ri|o old ago, full of earth 
 ly honoris he ha dcik'eiuK-d into tho tomb. 
 
 The dny provlou* to hi* death ho moved about a< usual, and his 
 step nnd hU |KKT|I liulicntiMl no |>erevptiblo chaiitf*. 
 
 Ho fvlt, however, a roiiM-iuiimioMi that his end was approaching; 
 for a letter now before mo tute*s that ere he retired to bed on that 
 day, he obnervvd to hU Utcr that he would not live to see another (tana 
 away. 
 
 The hour l not stated when she entered his room after he had so 
 gono to his bed ; but from the circumttanco that upon her entering he 
 asked for an article* of hit dre*, which he had placed in an attyacvnt chair, 
 it is probublo that it was on tho ctituing morning. She had ju*t turned 
 to hand him his clothes, when he fell back on the bed, and, when she 
 reached him, he v.it </?</. 
 
 Thus departed this life, this distinguished man, whose name through 
 out our land is as familiar as " a household word," and whose fame is 
 as imperUhable a< his works. 
 
32 FiTXrQREESB HALLSCK. 
 
 His biography, to be prepared by a skilful and competent pen, will 
 prove a fitting monument to his memory. This will display the features 
 of a mind which has made its impress on the nation whose son he was 
 
 There are many who have never seen a Portrait of this eminent 
 poet, as he appeared in hi* mature age; and it is pleasant to look on the 
 features of such a man, which are truthfully and happily portrayed. 
 
 A portrait of UALLECK by Waldo and Jewctt, well-known artists in 
 their day, was in the possession of Charles Augustus Davis, recently 
 deceased, which is a correct representation of the Poet, as he appeared 
 ootne thirty or thirty-five years since. Waldo was a successful painter 
 in this branch of the art ; and as a general circumstance, his portraits 
 were life-like likenesses. Jewett was skilled in the drapery aud minor 
 details of the picture. 
 
 Mrs. Davis has authorized mo to present this Portrait to The New 
 York Historical Society, and in her name I now present the same. To 
 my eye, it brings before me FITZ-GREEXK HALLE* K in h : best days, with 
 that expressive look, which, like a letter of introduction, makes you at 
 once acquainted with the Poet. 
 
 FliEDEKIC DB PCYSTKB. 
 
 . ! 
 
.. 
 
 ' 
 
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