HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT S OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. UC-NRLF HARRINGTON. P A 6003 H3 1888 MAIN r ^T^W^^M-^^^^^^^^^,W^^^^ LIBRARY OF THE , ' UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. I GIFT OF GEORGE MOREY RICHARDSON. Received, ^August, 1898. Accession No. 7$fe U,Q Class No. J f^^ ^aMi?ii^ii?fliy^i^i^ii?iii^iirpi^ir*iiiiii^i^^ HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. BY KARL P. HARRINGTON, M.A. BOSTON: GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1888. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1888, by GINN & COMPANY, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 7 3 6, *+0 TYPOGRAPHY BY J. S. GUSHING & Co., BOSTON. PRESSWORK BY GINN & COMPANY. } ! J PREFATORY NOTE. THIS little manual needs but a brief explanation of its appearance. Who was Caesar ? Who were the Gauls ? Why did Caesar subdue them? What kind of a soldier was he? How did Vergil look> W T hat sort of a man was he? What kind of hexameter did he write? What did Cicero make all this fuss about? Who was this man, Catiline? was he as bad as Cicero makes him out? How may Cicero's literary style be described? To many a student in our preparatory schools such questions as the foregoing are unanswered conundrums till long after he has left the school and entered the college. These pages are designed to tell him, as well as his teacher, where to find the answers in the briefest possible time. It is not meant to belong to the teacher only. Put a copy in the hands of every student ; give five minutes in each recitation to the discussion of some point which he has been required to look up with the help of the references given ; encourage individual research; and the student will understand, and enjoy Caesar, Cicero, and Vergil. No attempt has been made to furnish an exhaustive list of authorities, but rather those most available and useful. Those portions of the three authors mentioned above which are commonly read in most fitting schools are the basis of the references. To cover the whole ground of every course of study is manifestly impracticable. When pages are given, the number refers to the page on which the passage begins. As a rule, the edition referred to in these pages is mentioned only the first time the work is named. MIDDLE-TOWN, CONN., July 4, 1887. SOME GENERAL HISTORIES OF ROME BEARING UPON THE TIMES OF THESE AUTHORS ARE THE FOLLOWING: ARNOLD, History of the Later Roman Commonwealth. Appleton & Co., 1846. CREIGHTON, Primer History of Rome. Appleton & Co. DRUMANN, History of Rome. (German ed.) Konigsberg, 1834. DURUY, History of Rome. Paris, 1878. An elegant and popular work, of great value to those who use French readily. FERGUSON, History of the Roman Republic. Philadelphia, 1805. HOOKE, History of Rome. London, 1821. 6 vols. KEIGHTLEY, History of Rome. Boston, 1839. LEIGHTON, History of Rome. Clark & Maynard. LIDDELL, History of Rome. London, 1855. LONG, Civil Wars of Rome. London, 1844. LONG, Decline of the Roman Republic. London. 5 vols. A huge collection of facts, and the results of extended research. MERIVALE, History of the Romans under the Empire. Appleton &Co. MOMMSEN, History of Rome. 4 vols. Scribners. Probably the most valuable Roman History. NIEBUHR, Lectures on the History of Rome. London, Lockwood & Co., 1873. STOLL, History of Rome up to the Fall of the Republic. 2 vols. Hanover, 1879. A popular German work. VERTOT (translated by J. Ozell), History of the Revolutions of the Roman Republic to 31 B.C. 2 vols. London. WAGNER, Rom, Anfang, Fortgang, Ausbreitung, und Verfall des Weltreiches der Rb'mer. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1882 (3d ed.). See also valuable lists for reference in Methods of Teaching and Studying History. Boston, Ginn & Co. Also Boeckh's Encyclo- padie, etc., p. 356. 6 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY AMONG OTHER VALUABLE GENERAL HELPS ARE THE FOLLOWING : Bibliotheca Script or um Classicorum, by Dr. E. Preuss. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 1882 (8th ed.). A bibliography of all editions of the classics, and works bearing on them. Bibliographical Clue to Latin Literature, edited (after HUbner) by J. E. B. Mayor. Macmillan & Co. For the Bibliography of works on Roman literature, see Boeckh's Encyclopedic und Methodologie der Philologischen Wissenschaften. 2d ed. By Rudolf Klussmann. Teubner, Leipzig, 1886. TeuffePs Roman Literature is the best collection of facts. Leipzig, Teubner, 1882. (The older English translation is the one referred to in this book when the page is given, but is much inferior to the later German edition.) HUbner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Romische Littera- turgeschichte (Berlin, Weidmann, 1878) is also very useful for ref- erence. Among the periodicals that keep pace with the latest bibliography of the subject may be mentioned the quarterly supple- ment to Fleckeisen's " Jahrbuch " ; and the " Bibliotheca Philologica Classica" which appears as a supplement to the " Jahresbericht," etc., published by S. Calvary & Co., Berlin. The Handbuch der Klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, edited by Dr. Iwan Mliller, now in process of publication (begun in 1885), contains the most recent bibliography on all subjects pertaining to classical studies. (Nordlingen, C. H. Beck.) W. Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (i vol.), Dictionary of Classical Geography (2 vols.), and Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (3 vols.). London. Pauly's Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. 6 vols. Stuttgart, Metzler, 1839. Illustrations of the Topography of Ancient Rome. Christoph Ziegler, Stuttgart. History of Ancient Manuscripts, by William Forsyth. London, John Murray. Seemann's Mythology. Leipzig, 3d ed., 1885 (accessible also in an English translation, but with poorer cuts). Gow's Short Prefaces to School Classics. Macmillan & Co. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. CHRONOLOGICAL EPITOME OF CAESAR'S LIFE. B.C. 100. Caius Julius Caesar, son of Caius Julius and Aurelia, nephew of Marius, born July 12. (But see Mommsen's History of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 27, note.) 86. Made Flamen Dialis, or Priest of Jupiter, by Marius. 84. His father died at Pisa. 83. Married Cornelia, daughter of Cinna. 82. His daughter Julia born. Refuses to divorce his wife at Sulla's order. 81-78. Served his first campaigns under various generals in Asia. 77. Accused Cn. Dolabella of extortion. 76. Accused C. Antonius of extortion. Captured by pirates at Pharmacusa. Studied with Apollonius at Rhodes. 74. In Asia, fighting on his own responsibility. Elected Pontiff. Elected Military Tribune. 74-68. At Rome, gaming money and popularity. 68. Quaestor, partly at Rome, partly in Spain. 67. Married Pompeia. Elected one of the Superintendents of the Appian Way. 66. Helped support the Manilian Law. 65. Curule ^Edile. 64. Appointed Judex Qucestionis in murder trials. 63. Elected Pontifex Maximus. 62. Praetor. Divorced Pompeia. 61. Propraetor of Further Spain. 60. Gave up the triumph which he claimed, in order to stand for the consulship. Formed the coalition, known as the First Triumvirate, with Pompey and M. Crassus. 59. Consul, with Bibulus as his colleague. Carried an Agrarian Law and other measures in spite of his colleague. The people vote him the provinces of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyri- cum, with three legions, for five years. The Senate adds to his provinces Transalpine Gaul, with another legion, for the same period. Married Calpurnia. 8 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY 58. First Campaign in Gaul. Defeats the Helvetians; also the Germans under Ariovistus. 57. Second Campaign in Gaul. Conquers the northern part of Gaul, including the Nervii, Aduatuci, etc. 56. Third Campaign in Gaul. Conquers Northwestern Gaul, in- cluding the Veneti, Unelli, etc. 55. Caesar's provinces voted him for five years longer. Fourth Campaign in Gaul. Crosses the Rhine, and attacks some German tribes. First crosses to Britain. 54. Fifth Campaign in Gaul. Invades Britain a second time. Crushes a revolt of the Gauls. 53. Sixth Campaign in Gaul. Quells disturbances among the Gauls, and conducts a second campaign against the German tribes across the Rhine. 52. Seventh Campaign in Gaul. Completely conquers the Gauls in their final struggle for independence under Vercingetorix. 51. Eighth Campaign in Gaul. Finishes its subjugation by con- quering some minor Gallic tribes, and by reducing Aqui- tania. 50. Spends the year in Gaul watching the vacillation of the Senate, and the state of politics in general at Rome. 49. Engages in civil war, from which Pompey flees. Becomes master of Italy. Reduces Spain and Massilia. Made Dic- tator ; carries important measures ; elected Consul for the ensuing year. 48. Crosses the Adriatic ; wins the battle of Pharsalia. Made Dictator the second time. After the death of Pompey, car- ries on the Alexandrine War, in Egypt. 47. Finishes the Alexandrine war. Fights in Asia. Returns to Rome. Appointed Dictator the third time. 46. Defeats the Pompeians at Thapsus, and thus becomes master of the Roman world. Celebrates four splendid triumphs at Rome. Receives the office of Dictator for ten years, with various other honors. Carries important measures, and re- forms the calendar. 45. Quells the insurrection in Spain by the battle of Munda. Appointed Dictator for life. 44. Assassinated, March 15, in the Senate-house. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 9 GENERAL AUTHORITIES FOR THE LIFE OF C^SAR. I. Original Authorities. APPIAN, Roman History, Bk. IV. CAESAR, Histories of the Gallic War, Civil War, Alexandrine War, African War, and Spanish War. Of these, Caesar was the author of only seven books on the Gallic War and of the books on the Civil War. Aulus Hirtius undoubtedly wrote the eighth book of the De Bello Gallico, and is supposed to be the author of the whole or part of the rest. Niebuhr thinks that Hirtius wrote the Alexandrine War ; Appius, the African war; and some unknown, narrow-minded, uneducated chronicler, the Spanish War. See Niebuhr's Lectures on Roman History, p. 603 ; also Smith's Dictionary, under Ccesar and Hirtius. CICERO, Letters, in numerous places. For the thorough study of Caesar's life from Cicero's letters, an edition of Cicero's works with a complete Index Verborum should be had, like the Paris edition of 1538-39, Apud Rob. Stephamim, " Ex Petri Victorii Codicibus" etc. DION CASSIUS, Roman History, Bks. 38-40. FLORUS, Epitome of Roman History, Bk. III., Chap. 10; Bk. IV., Chap. 2. LIVY (?), Epitome of Roman History. PLUTARCH, Lives of Eminent Men. The best English translation is that of Clough. Little, Brown, & Co., Boston, 1868. Vol. IV., p. 256. (For Plutarch's authorities, see Peter's Quellen Plutarchs in den Biographien der Romer. Halle, 1865.) SALLUST ( ?), Two Epistles to Julius Caesar, attributed to Sallust. Also Caesar's speech in the Senate concerning the disposition of the Catilinarian conspirators, Chap. 51 of Sallust's Catiline. SUETONIUS, Lives of the Caesars. VARRO, Fragments. VELLEIUS PATERCULUS, Compendium of Roman History, Bk. II. To these authorities might be added the LEGES JULIAE, in the Corpus Juris Civilis. The above original authorities are most easily accessible in the text-editions of Teubner, Leipzig. In Bohn's 10 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY Classical Library are translations of Caesar's complete works, real and reputed; of Sallust, Florus, and Velleius Paterculus, by J. S. Watson ; and of Suetonius, by Thomson, revised by T. Forester. For additional editions and translations, see the Bibliographical Clue to Latin Literature, edited (after Hiibner), by J. E. B. Mayor (Macmillan) ; and the Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum, et Grae- corum et Latinorum, Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig, Wilhelm Engel- mann, 1882. II. Later Authorities. CELSUS, De Vita et Rebus gestis J. Ca saris. London, 1697. CHURCH, Roman Life in the Days of Cicero, p. 150. Scribner & Welford. CREIGHTON, History of Rome, p. 75. History Primers, Apple- ton & Co. DE BURY, Histoire de la Vie de Jules Cesar. Paris, 1758. DELORME; deutsch bearbeitet von DOEHLER; Casar und seine Zeitgenossen. Leipzig, 1873. DE QUINCEY, The Caesars, Chap. I. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. DRUMANN, Geschichte Roms. Contains a fine biography. DURUY, History of Rome. FERGUSON, History of Rome, Vol. II., p. 101. FORSYTH, Life of Cicero, Vol. I., pp. 199-212. Charles Scribner's Sons. FROUDE, Caesar, A Sketch. Harper's Franklin Square Library. This is one of the most brilliant monographs in the English lan- guage ; by an enthusiast, to be sure, but nevertheless presenting the best picture of Caesar's true greatness that can be had. A review of Froude's Caesar may be found in the Edinburgh Review, October, 1879, pp. 49 8 -5 2 3- LEIGHTON, History of Rome, p. 301. LIDDELL, Life of Julius Caesar. Houghton, Miffiin, & Co. LIDDELL, Student's History of Rome. Harpers. LONG, Decline of the Roman Republic. LORD, The Old Roman World, pp. 46-50. New York, Charles Scribner & Co., 1867. MEISSNER, Leben Caesaris, continued by Haken. Berlin, 1811. In four parts. OF COLLE GE PREPARA TOR Y LA TIN. 1 1 MERIVALE, History of Rome, Vols. I. and II. Appleton & Co. The Roman History which treats most copiously of Caesar's life. MERIVALE, The Roman Triumvirates, especially Chaps. IV. and V. (Epochs of Ancient History.) Charles Scribner's Sons. MOMMSEN, History of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 289. Scribner, Arm- strong, & Co. The most scholarly history of Rome ; somewhat dogmatic, no doubt, but worthy of the most careful study and the highest respect. NAPOLEON, Life of Julius Caesar. Accessible in an American edi- tion. Harpers. 2 vols. NIEBUHR, Lectures on the History of Rome, p. 603. RAWLINSON, Manual of Ancient History, pp. 480, 482, 483, 484, 486, 488-493. Harpers, 1871. SOTL, C. Julius Caesar aus der Quellen. Berlin, 1826. A short German monograph. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 313. TROLLOPE, Ancient Classics for English Readers, Caesar. New York, John B. Alden, 1883. TROLLOPE, Life of Cicero, Vol. I. Harpers. 2 vols. Contains an adverse view of Caesar. WAGNER, Anfang, Fortgang, Ausbreitung und Verfall des Welt- reiches der Romer, Vol. II., p. 78. An elegant German work, yet within the reach of all. Spamer, Leipzig, 1882. 2 vols. WILLIAMS, The Life of Julius Caesar. Routledge, London, 1878 (2d ed.). The above makes no pretension to being a complete list of author- ities, but includes some of the more valuable and easily accessible. To these may be added such lives as appear in the editions of Caesar edited by Allen & Greenough, Kelsey, Harkness, and others ; the very excellent life found in Smith's Biographical Dictionary; also the articles on Caesar in the Encyclopedia Britannica and Appleton's New American Cyclopedia. See also Hlibner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen iiber die Romische Litteraturgeschichte, p. 46. OF THF 12 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY AUTHORITIES BEARING ON SPECIAL PARTS OF CAESAR'S LIFE AND WORK. I. Gaul. Account of Belgic Gaul : Motley's Dutch Republic, Introduction. Character of the Country when Caesar subdued the Gauls, espe- cially of Belgium : Motley's Dutch Republic, Vol. I., p. i. Character of the Gauls and Germans : Motley's Dutch Republic, Vol. I., p. 4. General Character of the Gauls : Merivale's History of Rome, Vol. I., p. 228. Political and Moral Characteristics of Gaul in Caesar's Time: Merivale's History of Rome, Vol. I., p. 218. Condition of Gaul at the Time of Caesar's First Campaigns : Froude's Caesar, pp. 43 and 47 ; Arnold's Roman Provincial Admin- istration, p. 30. Macmillan. Condition and Resources of Gaul when Caesar was appointed to the Province: Mommsen's History of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 259. Difficulties of Caesar's Task in Gaul: Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., P- 399- Divisions of Ancient Gaul : Merivale's History of Rome, Vol. I., p. 212. Divisions of Gaul : Froude's Caesar, p. 47. The Druids : Martin's History of France, Vol. I. Gaul and the Gauls in Most Ancient Times : Guizot's Popular History of France, Vol. I. Boston, Estes and Lauriat. Geography of Gaul : Tozer's Classical Geography Primer, pp. 122- 126. Appletons. Geographic historique et administrative de la Gaule romaine : Desjardins. 3 vols. Paris, 1876-1885. Political Causes of the Gallic War: Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. I. State of Gaul in the Time of Caesar, Geographically, Politically, in Manners, in Institutions : Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 2. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 13 Description of Britain in the Time of Caesar : Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., p. 165. See also Stubbs' Constitutional History of Eng- land, Vol. I., Chaps, i and 2. Atlas to Caesar's Gallic Wars, 15 Maps and Plans: W. Rustow, Stuttgart, 1868. Fifteen Maps and Plates to accompany Caesar's Gallic War : Von Kampen. II. Early Roman Operations in Gaul, How the Romans obtained Possession of their First Territory in Gaul : Guizot's Popular History of France, Vol. I., p. 48. Formation of the Province of Gallia Transalpina : Merivale's His- tory of Rome, Vol. I., p. 195. The Romans in Gaul: Guizot's History of France, Chap. 3. The Cimbri and Teutons : Guizot's France, p. 53 ; also Merivale's Rome, Vol. I., p. 198. The Suevi and Ariovistus : Merivale's Rome, Vol. I., p. 231. The JEdui and Sequani : Merivale's Rome, Vol. I., p. 233. The Negotiations of Ariovistus with Rome: Merivale's Rome, Vol. I., p. 236. III. Caesar's Gallic War (in general). Appian's History, Bk. IV. f Florus' Epitome, Bk. III., Chap. 10. Von Goeler's Caesar's Gallischer Krieg, etc. Tubingen, 1884. Guizot's Popular History of France, Chap. 4. Motley's Dutch Republic, Vol. I., p. n. Niebuhr's History of Rome, Lecture 44. De Saulcy's Les Campagnes de Jules Cesar dans les Gaules. Paris, 1865. (See also West. Rev., Vol. XXI., pp. 399-417.) Velleius Paterculus' Compendium, Chap. 47. Jahrbucher fur Philologie und Padagogik, Vol. LXXVIL, p. 820; a sample of German critical discussion on Caesar. Westminster Review, Vol. LXXVIL, p. 399. The Roman Triumvirates, p. 86. 14 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY IV. Caesar's First Campaign in Gaul. A. HELVETIAN WAR. Dion Cassius, Bk. 38, Sec. 31. Froude's Caesar, p. 48. Guizot's Hist, of France, Vol. I., p. 63. Merivale's Hist of Rome, Vol. I., p. 237. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 289. Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 3 ; also a Recapitulation of the Campaign against the Helvetii, Vol. II., p. 402. Anthony Trollope's Caesar, p. 32. B. WAR WITH ARIOVISTUS. Dion Cassius, Bk. 38, Sec. 34. Froude's Caesar, p. 50. Guizot's Hist, of France, Vol. I., p. 65. Meri vale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 254. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 295. Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 4; also a Recapitulation of the Campaign against Ariovistus, Vol. II., p. 405. Anthony Trollope's Caesar, p. 35. V. Caesar's Second Campaign in Gaul. Dion Cassius, Bk. 39, Sec. i. Froude's Caesar, p. 51. Guizot's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 68. Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 267. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 300. Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 5. VI. Caesar's Third Campaign in Gaul. Dion Cassius : War with the Veneti, Bk. 39, Sec. 40 ; with the Morini and Menapii, Bk. 39, Sec. 44 ; with the Unelli, Bk. 39, Sec. 45 ; with the Aquitani, Bk. 39, Sec. 46. Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 289. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 304. Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 6. . OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 15 VII. Caesar's Fourth Campaign in Gaul. A. AGAINST THE GERMANS. Dion Cassius, Bk. 39, Sec. 47. Caesar's crossing the Rhine, Bk. 39, Sec. 49. Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 365. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 309. Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 7. Jahrblicher fur Philologie und Padagogik, Vol. XCVII., p. 249, Explanation of Caesar's Bridge across the Rhine. B. AGAINST THE BRITONS. Dion Cassius, Bk. 39, Sec. 50. Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 378. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 312. Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 7. Edinburgh Review, Vol. CLIV., p. 37. The Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar. Thomas Lewis, London. Caius Julius Caesar's British Expeditions from Boulogne to the Bay of Appledore, and subsequent Formation geologically of Rom- ney Marsh. Francis Hobson Appach, London. VIII. Later Campaigns in Gaul. Dion Cassius, Bk. 40. Guizot's Hist, of France, Vol. I., p. 73: Final National Effort under Vercingetorix. Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 384, etc. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 313, etc. Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Chap. 8. IX. Results of Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul. Result of Caesar's Command in Gaul upon the Civil Wars that followed : Montesquieu's Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans, translated by Baker, p. 216. Appletons. Gaul under Roman Dominion: Guizot's Hist, of France, Vol. I., Chap. 5. 16 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY X. Roman Warfare, as Seen in Caesar's Campaigns. A Discourse concerning the Roman Art of War, being the First Part of William Duncan's Commentaries of Caesar (London, 1806). An old work, containing chapters on the following subjects : The Undertaking and Declaration of War; The Manner of Levying Troops, and forming a Roman Army ; The Arms and Discipline of the Romans ; Marches ; Incampments ; Battles ; The Attack and Defence of Places. Roman Method of Fighting: Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. I., p. 285. Warfare and Writing of Caesar : Atlantic Monthly, Vol. XLIV., p. 273. An excellent article, treating of Battle Formations, Com- missariat, etc. The Arms and Armour of the Romans : Arms and Armour, p. 56. Charles Boutell. Appletons. The Roman Camp : The Old Roman World, p. 64. John Lord. The Roman Legion: The Old Roman World, p. 55. Character of the Roman Soldier : The Old Roman World, p. 53. Caesar's Lieutenants: Napoleon's Caesar, Vol. II., Appendix D. The Gauls and Romans compared from a Military Standpoint: Merivale's Hist, of Rome, VoL I., p. 282. Hilfsbuchlein zu Caesars Bellum Gallicum, Wagler. Berlin, 1881. Heerwesen und Kriegflihrung Caesars, Riistow. Nordhausen, 1862. La Flotte de Cesar, Jal. Paris, 1865. Caesar's Bridge over the Rhein, Cohausen. Leipzig, 1867. See also the excellent discussion of the above topics in the edi- tions of Caesar edited by Allen & Greenough, Kelsey, Kraner, Wai- pole, and others. Also the article on Romische Kriegsaltertumer, by Dr. Hermann Schiller, in Muller's Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, Vol. IV., p. 707, which contains also a com- plete bibliography of the subject. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 17 CHARACTER OF CAESAR. I. In General. Church's Roman Life in the Days of Cicero, p. 172. Froude's Caesar, p. 115. Lord's Old Roman World, p. 50. Macaulay's Essays, Vol. I., p. 255 (Harpers, 1880), in the Essay on Hallam's Constitutional Hist, of Eng. Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. II., p. 385. Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 538. Peterson's Caesar : A Dramatic Study. Plutarch's Life of Caesar. The Roman Triumvirates, p. 175. Seeley's Roman Imperialism, Lecture I. Goldwin Smith's Lectures and Essays, p. 286 : The Last Repub- licans of Rome. N. Y., Macmillan & Co., 1881. Teuffel's Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 314. Velleius Paterculus, Bk. II., Chap. 41. Dublin Review, Vol. LXXX., p. 127. Edinburgh Review, October, 1879, P- 49^ : a Review of Froude's Caesar. Monthly Review, Vol. CIL, p. 405. Quarterly Review, Vol. LXXXVIIL, p. 385. II. In Particular. Activity of Caesar: Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 190. Care of Caesar for his Soldiers : Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 191. Circumstances of Caesar as affecting his Character : The Csesars, De Quincey, p. 44. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. Clemency of Caesar : Montesquieu's Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans, translated by Baker, p. 220. Appletons. Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 189. 18 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY Connection of Caesar with the Conspiracy of Catiline : Sallust's Catiline and Jugurtha, translated by A. W. Pollard, p. 101. Mac- millan. Tyrrell's Correspondence of Cicero, p. xxiv. London. Beesley's Catiline, Clodius, and Tiberius, p. 34. London, Chapman & Hall. Courtesy of Caesar: The Caesars, De Ouincey, p. 61. Early Biographers of Caesar: Froude's Short Studies on Great Subjects, Third Series, p. 259. Scribners. The Early Career of Caesar not a prominent one : Beesley's Cati- line, Clodius, and Tiberius, p. 17. Munificence of Caesar: The Caesars, De Quincey, p. 51. The Oratory of Caesar : De Quincey's Caesars, p. 62. Personal Appearance of Caesar: Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 193 ; De Quincey's Caesars, p. 59. The Likenesses of Caesar, by John C. Ropes. Scribner's Maga- zine, February, 1887, p. 131. Political Wisdom of Caesar : Caesar's speech in Chap. 5 1 of Sal- lust's Catiline. Religious Convictions of Caesar : Froude's Short Studies on Great Subjects, Third Series, p. 262 ; De Quincey's Caesars, p. 33. Statesmanship of Caesar: Rawlinson's Ancient History, p. 491. Harpers. III. By Comparison with Other Great Men. Caesar and Alexander: Schlegel's Lectures on Modern History, Bohn's Library. Caesar and Cicero : Dublin University Review, Vol. XCIV., p. 202. "Cesar et Ciceron" : Revue des Deux Mondes, Oct. i and Nov. i, 1864. Caesar and Cromwell: University Quarterly, Vol. I., p. 295. Caesar compared with Various Historical Characters: Plutarch's Lives. The Captains of the Roman Republic as compared with the Great Modern Strategists : Chap. VII., Caius Julius Caesar, H. W. Herbert. Scribners. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 19 CHARACTER OF CESAR'S WRITINGS. Anthony Trollope's Caesar, p. 17. Bender's Roman Literature, p. 74. Ginn & Heath. Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 364. Philadelphia, Blanch- ard & Lee. (2d Eng. ed., 1884.) Cicero's Brutus, 71, 72, 75. Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 188. Chas. Scribner's Sons. De Quincey's Caesars, p. 63. Froude's Caesar, p. 116. Lawrence's Primer of Latin Literature, p. 52. Harpers. Merivale's Hist, of Rome, Vol. II., p. 392. Teuffel's Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 317 ; also note 5, p. 319. Atlantic Monthly, Vol. XLIV., p. 273. For Caesar's literary merits, see C. E. Schneider's article in Wach- ler's Philomathian, I., p. 180, on Caesar's Character as it may be traced in his Writings. Cczsar^s Commentaries: Teuffel's Roman Literature, p. 317; Mommsen's Hist, of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 720; Simcox's Latin Lit- erature, Vol. I., p. 204. London, 1883. 2 vols. Ccesar as a Historian : Lord's Old Roman World, p. 285 ; Macau- lay's Essay on History, p. 175 of Vol. I. in Harper's 1880 edition. Ccesar*s Latinity : Simcox's Latin Literature, p. 182. CcBsar^s^ Style : " Warfare and Writing of Caesar," Atlantic Monthly, Vol. XLIV., p. 273; Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 194; Potts' Hints towards Latin Prose Composition, p. 125. Macmillans. See also Hubner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Rb'mische Litteraturgeschichte, p. 47. For special dictionaries to Caesar, see the Bibliotheca Classicorum Latinorum. 20 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY TEXT AND TEXT-BOOKS. For an exhaustive list of all the texts and text-books of Caesar up to its date, see the Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum et Graeco- rum et Latinorum, Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig, Wilhelm Engel- mann, 1882. See also the list of editions given in Kelsey's Caesar, p. 379. For the most important ancient editions, see the article on Caesar in Smith's Dictionary. See also the Bibliographical Clue to Latin Literature, edited (after Hiibr^er) by J. E. B. Mayor. Mac- millan. Also TeufFel's Roman Literature. AMONG THE MOST HELPFUL AND VALUABLE ARE THE FOLLOWING : NIPPERDEY. Leipzig, 1847. SEYFFERT. Halle, 1879. DOBERENZ'S Caesar. Leip^ j, 1882. KRANER'S Caesar, revised by Dittenberger, with copious introduc- tory chapters explanatory of all important points concerning the Gallic wars, and a Geographical Index. Berlin, Weidmann, 1883 (i3th ed.). WALPOLE'S Caesar's Gallic War, Bk. I., with an introduction and prefatory chapter on the Roman army. Macmillan, 1884. The same introductory matter is found in an edition of Bks. II. and III. by Rutherford. Henry Holt. MOBERLY'S Eight Books of Caesar's Gallic War. Macmillan. ALLEN & GREENOUGH'S New Caesar, with copious military notes and explanations. Ginn & Co., 1885. KELSEY'S Caesar, with colored plates illustrative of military opera- tions and weapons, and an introduction. Boston, John Allyn, 1886. HARKNESS' New Caesar. Appleton & Co. BOND (J.) and WALPOLE (A. S.), Caesar's Commentaries, with introduction, notes, and index, after the German of Kraner-Ditten- berger. Macmillan & Co., 1887. LONG (G.), Bks. I.-III. of the Gallic War, for the use of junior classes, London, Whittaker, 1887, OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 21 TRANSLATIONS OF CAESAR. CHAPMAN, London, 1604. DUNCAN, Translation, with Discourse concerning the Roman Art of War. London, 1753. OWGAN & BATEMAN, Gallic War. London, 1859, Simpkin. A literal translation is found in Bohn's Classical Library, includ- ing the Alexandrian, African, and Spanish Wars. See also the Bibliotheca Classicorum Latinorum. J COLLATERAL READINGS. A. Fiction. Fragments of a Roman Tale : Macaulay's Essays. A fancy sketch, in Macaulay's early characteristic style. Kurd & Houghton, 1866. Becker's Gallus presents an admirable view of high life in Rome in the early days of the Empire. /Enone, a Tale, Anonymous. B. Drama. ADDISON, Cato. BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER, The False One. HERBERT (H. W.), The Roman Traitor. SHAKSPERE, Julius Caesar. 22 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF VERGIL'S LIFE. B.C. 70. Publius Vergilius Maro, born at Andes, near Mantua, Oct. 15. 55. Takes the Toga Virilis at Cremona. 53. Studies philosophy. Writes the seventh poem of the Catalepton. 42. Eclogues II., III., and V., and perhaps VII. 41. Suffers by confiscation of his estate. Eclogue IX., and per- haps VI. 40. Estate restored to him. Eclogue IV., and probably I. 39. Eclogue VIII. 38. Meets Horace. 37. Eclogue X. Earliest date possible for the beginning of the Georgics. 29. Completed Georgics read to Octavianus at Atella. ^Eneid begun. 23. Recites some of the ^Eneid (at any rate, part of the sixth book) to Augustus and Octavia. 20. Meets Augustus at Athens. 19. Dies at Brundisium, Sept. 22. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 23 AUTHORITIES FOR THE LIFE OF VERGIL. I. Original Authorities. BERNENSIAN MANUSCRIPT : Nettleship's Ancient Lives of Vergil, p. 24. Macmillan & Co. HIERONYMUS' translation of Eusebius' Chronicles. PHOCAS : A Life written in Hexameter Verse. VALERIUS PROBUS: Nettleship's Ancient Lives of Vergil, p. 7. SERVIUS' Commentaries have a Life prefixed; Nettleship's Ancient Lives of Vergil, p. 21. SUETONIUS : Life originally prefixed to the Commentary by ^LIUS DONATUS, and generally attributed to him ; Nettleship's Ancient Lives of Vergil, p. 8. II. Later Authorities. BENDER, Roman Literature, p. 41. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 238. COLLINS, Vergil (Ancient Classics for English Readers), p. 11. Alden, New York. CRUTTWELL, History of Roman Literature, p. 252. LAWRENCE, Primer of Latin Literature, p. 61. NETTLESHIP, Vergil, p. 21. Appleton & Co. NETTLESHIP, Ancient Lives of Vergil, with an Essay on the Poems of Vergil in connection with his Life and Times, p. 68. Macmillan. PAPILLON, Vergil, Vol. I., p. xiii. SELLAR, Roman Poets of the Augustan Age, Vergil, p. 99. Mac- millan. SIMCOX, History of Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 248. Longmans, Green, & Co., London. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. I., pp. 406 and 407, note. WAGNER, Rome, Vol. II., p. 231. FOR AUTHORITIES FOR VergiVs Life, see Nettleship's Vergil, p. 20 ; also Sellar's Vergil, p. 98. Chronology of Life, Nettleship's Vergil, p. 104. Death of Vergil, Nettleship's Vergil, p. 74. Spelling of VergiVs Name, Teuffers Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 407. See also Quarterly Review, Vol. CL, p. 80. 24 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY CHARACTER OF VERGIL. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 242. CRUTTWELL, Roman Literature, p. 255. NETTLESHIP, Vergil, p. 74. SELLAR, Vergil, p. 121. SIMCOX, Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 249. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 408 ; personal appear- ance of Vergil, note 5 ; political views, p. 410, note 6. The legends connected with Vergil, Cruttwell's Roman Litera- ture, p. 278. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 25 THE BUCOLICS. BEATTIE, The Pastorals of Vergil. BENDER, Roman Literature, p. 42. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 244. NETTLESHIP, Ancient Lives of Vergil, p. 39. Macmillan. NETTLESHIP, Vergil, p. 26. Appleton. SELLAR, Vergil, p. 130. SIMCOX, Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 254. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 411. S. V. COLE, in Literary World, Vol. XVI., p. 140. Order of Composition of the Eclogues, Sellar's Vergil, p. 133. The Composition of the Eclogues, Jahrblicher flir Philologie und Padagogik, Vol. LXXV., p. 65. Relation of Vergil's Pastorals to the Greek Pastoral and to The- ocritus: Sellar's Vergil, p. 152; TeuffeTs Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 411. First Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 247; Sellar's Vergil, p. 139; Simcox's Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 255: Loss of Vergil's farm. Second Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 247; Sellar's Vergil, p. 133. Third Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 247; Sellar's Vergil, p. 135. Fourth Eclogue : Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 248 ; Henley (S.), Observations on the Subject of the Fourth Eclogue, the Allegory in the Third Georgic, and the Primary Design of the ^Eneid of Vergil, etc., London, 1788; Nettleship's Vergil, p. 32; Sellar's Vergil, p. 144; Observations in illustration of Vergil's Fourth Eclogue, London, 1810; Simcox, Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 257. Fifth Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 247; Nettleship's Vergil, p. 29; Sellar's Vergil, p. 136. Sixth Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 250; Nettleship's Vergil, p. 32 ; Sellar's Vergil, p. 142. 26 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY Seventh Eclogue: Sellar's Vergil, p. 138. Eighth Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 247; Nettleship's Vergil, p. 33 ; Sellar's Vergil, p. 148. Ninth Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 250; Nettleship's Vergil, p. 31; Sellar's Vergil, p. 141. Tenth Eclogue: Browne's Roman Classical Literature, p. 250; Nettleship's Vergil, p. 34; Sellar's Vergil, p. 151. Compare Mil- ton's Lycidas, v. 50, with v. 9 of the Tenth Eclogue. See also Hlibner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Romische Litteraturgeschichte. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 27 THE GEORGICS. ADDISON, Essay on the Georgics. BENDER, Roman Literature, p. 43. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 252. COLLINS, Vergil (Ancient Classics for English Readers), p. 28. COWLEY, Essays: IV., Agriculture. CRUTTWELL, Roman Literature, p. 261. HENLEY, Observations on the Subject of the Fourth Eclogue, the Allegory in the Third Georgic, and the Primary Design of the ^Eneid of Vergil. LAWRENCE, Primer of Latin Literature, p. 68. NETTLESHIP, Vergil, p. 36. NETTLESHIP, Ancient Lives of Vergil, p. 51. SELLAR, Vergil, p. 174. SIMCOX, Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 251. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 413. Jahrbiicher fur Philologie und Padagogik, Vol. CIX., p. 570, on the Composition of the Georgics. Quarterly Review, Vol. XXXVIII., p. 358. Roman Husbandry, C. Daubeny, Oxford, 1857. The Trees and Shrubs of the Ancients, C. Daubeny, 1865. The poetical love of nature as seen in the Georgics : Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 263 ; Sellar's Vergil, p. 268. Also, in Sellar's Vergil : Motives for writing the Georgics, p. 174; their national, and Italian character, p. 185; sources of Vergil's materials for the Georgics, p. 190; relation of Lucretius to the Georgics, p. 199; Vergil's artistic superiority to Lucretius, p. 243; the larger episodes in the Georgics, p. 244; the Georgics as the representative poem of Italy, p. 261 ; practical instruction in the Georgics, p. 263; the religion of the Georgics, p. 272; the ethics of the Georgics, p. 273; their artistic execution, p. 226. See Hubner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Romische Litteraturgeschichte. 28 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY THE BENDER, Roman Literature, p. 43. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 256. CAUER, Die Romische Aeneassage. Leipzig, Teubner, 1886. COLLINS, Vergil, p. 39. CRUTTWELL, Roman Literature : p. 265, Vergil's fitness for Epic poetry; p. 266, his position as an Epic poet; p. 268, various views of the ^Eneid ; p. 271, character of the /Eneid. DAVIS (Dr. D. N.), Carthage and her Remains, Harpers, 1861 ; Vergil's Anachronism in the Case of Dido, p. 17; the story of Elissa and Sychaeus, p. 21. DUNLOP, Roman Literature. HENLEY, Observations on the Subject of the Fourth Eclogue, the Allegory in the Third Georgic, and the Primary Design of the ^Eneid of Vergil. HENRY (Dresden, 1853), Notes of a Twelve Years' Voyage of Discovery in the first six books of the ^Eneid. KLAUSEN, ^Eneas and the Penates. LORD, The Old Roman World, p. 273. MORRIS, The ^Eneid of Vergil. NETTLESHIP, Ancient Lives of Vergil and Suggestions Introduc- tory to the Study of the ^Eneid, p. 64. Oxford, 1875. NETTLESHIP, Vergil, p. 45 ; source of the story of ^neas, p. 46; the story of ^Eneas as treated by other Roman authors, p. 54; the places visited in ^Eneas' wanderings, according to Dionysius, p. 56; difficulties which Vergil had to contend with in writing the ^Eneid, p. 60 ; Vergil's treatment of the story of yEneas, p. 61 ; characteris- tics of the yEneid, p. 69; time of the yEneid's composition, p. 71. SELLAR, Vergil, p. 295; motives for writing the ^Eneid, p. 296; Greek source of the story of ^Eneas, p. 301 ; composite character of the ^Eneid, p. 310; the ^Eneid the Epic of the Roman Empire, p. 325; religious aim of the poem, p. 336; the /Eneid as related to the glorification of Augustus, p. 347; the ^Eneid as an epic of human life, p. 355 ; its narrative power, p. 359; its mythology, p. 365; deeper religious character, p. 369 ; state of " Material Civilization," OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 29 p. 381 ; scenes by land and sea, p. 386; pathos, p. 391 ; character- sketching, p. 395 ; Dido's passion of love, p. 405 ; oratorical imagi- nation, p. 409; power of description, p. 410; imagery, p. 413; rhythm, p. 418 ; style of the ^Eneid, p. 421. SIMCOX, Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 266. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 415; origin of story, p. 417. Book I. Nettleship's Vergil, p. 61 ; Sellar's Vergil, p. 312. Book If. Nettleship's Vergil, p. 63; Sellar's .Vergil, p. 319. Book III. Nettleship's Vergil, p. 58 ; Sellar's Vergil, p. 320. Book IV. Nettleship's Vergil, p. 63 ; Sellar's Vergil, p. 321. Book V. Nettleship's Vergil, p. 58; Sellar's Vergil, p. 321. Book VI. Nettleship's Vergil, p. 64; Sellar's Vergil, p. 322. The Story of the Siege of Troy and its Causes, Troy (Epochs of History), p. I ; The Sack of Troy, p. 79. "The Stories of the ^Eneid and the Iliad," Church (A. J.). London, Seeley. Voyage of JEneas from Troy to Italy, G. W. Lemon (a tract by Edward Spelman). London, 1773. The Pedigree of ^Eneas : Benjamin's Troy, p. I ; Collins' Vergil, p. 40; Greenough's Vergil, p. 65 (of the notes). De quaestione num Aeneas umquam fuerit in Italia dissertatio, Samuel Bochart. Hamburg, 1672. A curious little monograph in Latin. Criticisms on the Character of ^Eneas : Collins' Vergil, p. 159; Sellar's Vergil, p. 396; TeuffePs Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 417, note 5. The Roman Epic before the time of Vergil, Sellar's Vergil, p. 280. Influence of the yEneid upon later poetry,, ,Collins' Vergil, p. 164. See Hlibner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Romische Litteraturgeschichte. 30 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY VERGIL'S LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 262. CONINGTON, Vergil. DAVIS, Observations on the Poems of Homer and Vergil, out of the French. London, 1672. HOLDSWORTH, Remarks and Dissertations on Vergil. London, 1768. KENNEDY, Vergil (Life and Writings). MYERS, Essays Classical: Vergil, p. 106. Macmillan & Co. NETTLESHIP, Vergil, p. 89. PAPILLON, Vergil, Vol. I., p. xxiv. PLUSS (Dr. Hans Theodor), Vergil und die Epische Kunst. Leipzig, Teubner, 1884. SAINTE BEUVE, Nouveaux lundis, X. Paris. SELLAR, Vergil, in many places. Macmillan, 1883. SIMCOX, Latin Literature, Vol. I., pp. 268, 272, and 274. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. I., p. 419; note 7, Vergil's Epithets ; note 8, his Metrical Accuracy. WILLIAMS, Essays, The Vergilian Cosmogony, 1858. Fortnightly Review, February, 1879. Quarterly Review, July, 1875. Vergil's Hexameter : Clough (J. W.), Study of the Hexameter of Vergil ; Little, Brown, & Co. Papillon's Vergil, p. liv. Simcox's Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 249. Vergil as a Poet of Nature, Nettleship's Vergil, p. 99. Sea-Descriptions of Vergil, Littell's Living Age, Vol. CXXIIL, P- 434- Vergil's place in Roman Literature, Sellar's Vergil, p. 59. Parallelism in Vergil's Poetry, Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 277. The Poetry of the Augustan Age, Sellar's Vergil ; Nettleship's Vergil, p. 14. Also in Nettleship's Vergil: Vergil's Literary Habits, p. 76; Criticisms on Vergil's Poetry soon after its Appearance, p. 77. \,t UNI OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 31 Imitations of Vergil in Other Latin Writers, Cruttwell's Roman Literature, p. 275. Comparisons : Gladstones Homer and the Homeric Age ; Sec. V., Homer and some of his Successors in Epic Poetry (especially Vergil and Tasso). Eckerfs Parallel between the Iliad and the yEneid ; Munchen, 1829. Commentary Mythological, etc., on Pope's Homer and Dryden's ^Eneid of Vergil; London, 1829. Comparison be- tween the Games of Homer and Vergil, Pope's Homerus, Iliad, v. 5 ; 1806. Vergil and Tennyson, Littell's Living Age, Vol. CXXVIL, p. 756: See Hlibner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Romische Litteraturgeschichte. 32 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY EDITIONS OF VERGIL. BRYCE, Works of Vergil, from the text of Heyne and Wagner, with English notes and illustrations. London, Charles Griffin & Co., 1869. DELPHIN Edition. 9 vols. Valpy, London. FORBIGER, The Works of Vergil. 3 vols. Leipzig. FRIEZE, Vergil's Works, in several editions ; comprising eight books of ^Eneid and Bucolics, or the whole of the yEneid, Bucolics, and Georgics, or six books of ^Eneid, Bucolics, and Georgics. Appleton & Co. GREENOUGH,, Vergil, six books ^Eneid, and Bucolics, with espe- cially prepared Vocabulary. Ginn & Co., Boston. GUTHLING (O.), Text-edition of the ^Eneid, Bucolics, and Georgics. 2 vols. Teubner, 1886. LEMAIRE (after Heyne), in Bibliotheca Classica Latina. 9 vols. A magnificent and complete edition. Paris, 1819. PAPILLON (T. L.), The Complete Works of Vergil, with an intro- duction and notes. 2 vols. Oxford, Clarendon Press. SEARING and JOHNSON, Six books of the yneid edited by Edward Searing, and the Bucolics and Georgics, by Henry Clark Johnson. New York, A. S. Barnes & Co. SIDGWICK (A.), The Georgics, Bks. III. and IV. Cambridge, 1887. SIDGWICK (A.), First book of the ^Eneid, with English notes. Pitt Press Series, Cambridge. SKRINE (J. H.), The Second Georgic. Elementary Classic Series, Macmillan & Co. The editions of Vergil are numerous ; see TeuffePs Roman Lit- erature (1882 ed.), Hiibner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Rb'mische Litteraturgeschichte, and the Bibliotheca Classicorum Latinorum* OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 33 TRANSLATIONS OF VERGIL. ADDISON, Part of the Fourth Georgia (in Addison's Complete Works). BLACKMORE, The Georgics. London, Low, 1871. BOWEN (Sir Charles), Vergil in English Verse, the Bucolics and ^Eneid, Bks. I. -VI. London, John Murray, 1887. CONINGTON, /Eneid in English verse. London, 1886. CRANCH, /Eneid in blank verse. Boston, 1873. DAVIDSON (revised by J. A. Buckley). New York, 1864. DOUGLAS (Bishop Gawain), the first translation, by a Scotchman. DRYDEN, Vergil's Works. London, 1772. KENNEDY, Works trans, in blank verse. London, 1849. LONSDALE (James) and LEE (Samuel), trans, into English prose, with introduction and running analysis. Globe edition, Macmillan &Co. MACKAIL, ^neid translated into English prose. Macmillan & Co. MILLINGTON, Eclogues trans, into rhythmic prose. Longmans, London, 1870. MORRIS (William), The ^Eneid. Boston, 1876. PHAER (Thomas), the second trans, of Vergil into English, made by a Welsh physician, 1558. PITT (C.) and WARTON (J.). London, 1763. PRESTON (Harriet Waters), The Georgics of Vergil trans, into English verse. James R. Osgood & Co., Boston, 1881. SHELLEY, Fragments of the Tenth Eclogue, including vv. 1-26 (found in Shelley's Complete Works). STANYHURST (Richard), comic version. THORNTON (R. J.), Imitations of Vergil's Pastorals. London, 1821. TRAPP (Joseph), ^Eneid trans, into blank verse, with notes, etc. London, 1731. WRANGHAM (Eclogues), SOTHEBY (Georgics) and DRYDEN (^neid). New York, Harpers, 1834 (2 vols.), See also Bibliotheca Scriptorum Latinorum, Engelmann. Also Collins 1 Vergil, p. 8, and Mackail's trans, of Vergil's /Eneid, Satur- day Review, Vol. LIX., p. 247. 34 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY CHRONOLOGY OF CICERO'S LIFE. B.C. 106. Marcus Tullius Cicero born at Arpinum, Jan. 3. 91. Assumed the Toga Virilis. 89. Served a campaign in the Social War. 81. Delivered his first extant speech, the Defence of Quinctius. 80. First speech in a criminal trial, the Defence of Roscius. 79. Went to Greece to study Philosophy and Rhetoric. 77. Returned to Rome. 76. Elected Quaestor. 75. Served his Quaestorship in Sicily. 70. Conducted the impeachment of Verres. 69. ^dile. 66. Praetor. Oration for the Manilian Law. 63. Consul. Orations against Catiline. 62. Oration for Archias. 58. Went into exile. 57. Recalled from exile. 53. Made Augur. 51. Proconsul in the province of Cilicia. 50. Returned to Italy. 49. Went over to Pompey, into Greece. 48. Returned to Italy. 47. In Rome. 46. Divorced his wife Terentia, to marry Publilia soon after. Orations for Marcellus and Ligarius. 45. Lost his daughter Tullia. 44. Began to deliver the Philippics. 43. Finished the Philippics. Murdered, near Formiae, Dec. 7. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 35 GENERAL AUTHORITIES FOR THE LIFE OF CICERO. I. Original Authorities. APPIAN, Roman History, Bks. XII. and XIV. CESAR, Histories. CICERO, Letters and Orations. DION CASSIUS, Roman History, Bks. XXXVI. and XXXVII. FLORUS, Epitome of Roman History, Bks. III. and IV. PLUTARCH, Life of Cicero and Life of Pompey. SALLUST, Catiline. SUETONIUS, Lives of the Caesars. VELLEIUS PATERCULUS, Compendium of Roman History, Bk. II. II. Later Authorities. ABEKEN, Life and Letters of Cicero, translated by Merivale. London, 1854. BENDER, Roman Literature, p. 59. BOISSIER, Ciciron et ses Amis. Paris, 1865. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 322. BRUCKNER, Life of Cicero. Gottingen, 1852. CHURCH, Roman Life in the Days of Cicero. Scribner & Wei- ford. COLLINS, Cicero (Ancient Classics for English Readers). Alden, 1883. CONYER, Middleton's Life of Cicero. 2 vols. London, 1823. (Latest edition of Middleton's Life of Cicero, in connection with the letters to his friends, translated by W. Melmoth, and the letters to Atticus translated by Dr. Heberdeen. Edinburgh, 1887.) CRUTTWELL, Roman Literature, p. 158. DRUM ANN, History of Rome. FORSYTH, Life of Cicero. Scribners. 2 vols. in one. FROUDE, Caesar. 36 HELPS TO THE INTELLIGENT STUDY JEANS (Rev. G. E.), Life and Letters of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a new translation of the same letters contained in Watson's Select Letters of Cicero, arranged chronologically, so as to give a running commentary on some of the principal events of his life. Macmillan &Co. LEIGHTON, History of Rome. LIDDELL, History of Rome. MERIVALE, History of the Romans. MERIVALE, The Roman Triumvirates. MOMMSEN, History of Rome, Vol. IV. SIMCOX, Latin Literature, Vol. I., p. 141. TEUFFEL, Studien und Characteristiken, etc., p. 289. Teubner, 1871. TROLLOPE, Life of Cicero. 2 vols. Harper and Bros., 1881. WATSON, Select Letters of Cicero, Oxford ; principal events in the life of Cicero, p. XXIX. ; chronology of Cicero's life, p. XXXII. ; state of the Roman Empire when Cicero entered upon public life, p 124. See also the introductions to Parts I. and II.; the meaning of the words Colonia, Municipium, and Praefectura, p. 607 ; Opti- mates, p. 118; Prowncia, p. 118; Roman letters and means of correspondence, p. 119; chronological list of Cicero's writings, p. XXIV. See also TeufFel's Roman Literature, and Hubner's Grundriss zu Vorlesungen liber die Romische Litteraturgeschichte. OF COLLEGE PREPARATORY LATIN. 37 CHARACTER OF CICERO. BENDER, Roman Literature, p. 70. BOISSIER, Ciceron et ses Amis, Paris. Also in Revue des Deux Mondes, Oct. i and Nov. i, 1864; Cesar et Ciceron. BROWNE, Roman Classical Literature, p. 330. COLERIDGE, Historical Essays, II. COLLINS, Cicero, p. 78; Religion, p. 165. FORSYTH, Life of Cicero, Vol. II., p. 319. FROUDE, Caesar, Chap. 27; p. 113 of Franklin Square Edition. DE LAMARTINE (A.), Memoirs of Celebrated Characters, Vol. I. New York, 1856. LAWRENCE, Primer of Latin Literature, p. 54. MERIVALE, History of the Romans, Vol. III., p. 148; also Vol. II., p. 415. MOMMSEN, History of Rome, Vol. IV., p. 724. NEWMAN (J. H.), Historical Sketches, II. POLLARD, Sallusfs Catiline and Jugurtha; p. 85, Cicero's Consistency. POTTS, Hints towards Latin Composition, p. 14. DE QUINCEY, Essays, p. 257. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. SIMCOX, Roman Literature, Vol. L, pp. 138 and 161. TEUFFEL, Roman Literature, Vol. L, p. 261. TEUFFEL, Studien und Charakteristiken : personal character, p. 338 ; character as a statesman, p. 341. TROLLOPE, Life of Cicero. WAGNER, Rome, Vol. II., p. 133. Atlantic Monthly, Vol. L., p. 697 : Recent Memoirs of Cicero, a comparison of Froude's Caesar, Trollope's Cicero, and Boissier's Ciceron et ses Amis. Blackwood" 1 s Magazine, Vol. LIL, p. i. Dublin University Review, Vol. XCIV., p. 202 : Cicero and Caesar. Edinburgh Review, October, 1879 : Article on Froude's Caesar. Fortnightly Review, Vol. XXVII., p. 495: Cicero as a Politician. London Quarterly Review, Vol. VIII., p. 355 : Cicero and his Contemporaries. North American Review, Vol. XLVL, p. 20. Quarterly Review, October, 1880. X